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COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION 
GrorceE C. Epwarps, Chairman 


C, E. Grunsky BARTON WARREN EVERMANN, Editor 
ooaa|=Eeeaes=S=S=S=aqqq SSS 
PROCEEDINGS 
Fourth Series 
VOLUME XI 


Pages 1-26. I. Notes ona Fauna of the Vigo alg Maat) its Bearing 
on the Evolution of Marine Molluscan Faunas. By Roy E. Dick- 
erson., (Issued July 0; ZOZT) 5 sad is ou ch ol veaeste a ain ohare soe ale 

Pages 27-72. II. A List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Nevada, 
with Notes on the Species in the Collection of the Academy. 

III. A List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Idaho, 
with Notes on the Species in the Collection of 
the Academy. 

IV. A List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of the Pen- 

insula of Lower California, with Notes on the 
Species in the Collection of the Academy, By 
John Van Denburgh and Joseph R. Slevin 
(Issued July 8, 1021). ... ccc cecccncceccuscauee 

Pages 73-94. V. Notes on the Birds and Mammals of Siskiyou 
County, California. By Joseph Mailliard. (Issued July 11, 1921) 

Pages 95-98. VI. Preliminary Diagnosis of New Species of Rep- 
tiles from Islands in the Gulf of California, Mexico, By John Van 
Denburgh and Joseph R. Slevin. (Issued July 30, 192T)......- 

Pages 99-102. VII. New Californian Spiders. By Nathan Banks. 
(Issued September 20, 19021)... vce ese cence ence cece nerereeers 

Pages 103-108. VIII. Undescribed Tipulide (Diptera) from West- 
ern North America, Part II. By Charles P. Alexander. (Issued 
Seplember 2Qy- TOLD). kc kive Sve nie. s oc stee dia centers WIRTO syote ar etelbie SE a 

Pages 109-110. IX. Description of a New Species of Pero from 
California. By W.S. Wright. (Issued September 20, 192r).... 

Pages 111-134. X. Characters of some New’ Species of North 

_. American Hemipterous Insects, with one New Genus. By Hd- 
ward P. Van Duzee. (Issued October £5, 1922) 

Pages 135-136. XI. Our North American Species of Strongylocoris 
(Hemiptera). By Edward P. Van Duzee. (Issued October 15, 


1921) 

Pages 137-144. XII. Characters of Eight New Species of North 
American Anthocoride or Flower Bugs. By Edward P. Van 
Duzee. (Issued October 15, 1921) 

Pages 145-152. XIII. A Study of North American Grass-bugs of 
the Genus Irbisia. By Edward P. Van Duzee. (Issued October | 
I5,192t) Price for the four papers... 2... s,s eee eevee eee nee 

Pages 153-196, XIV. Insects of the Pribilof Islands, Alaska. 

Introduction by G. Dallas Hanna. 

Coleoptera by Edwin C. Van Dyke. 

Hydrophorus fumipennis by M, C. Van Duzee. 

Diptera (General Report) by F. R. Cole. 

Anthomyiide by J. R. Malloch. 

Tipulide by C. P. Alexander. 

Hymenoptera (Bremide) by Theodore H. 
Frison, 

Hymenoptera (Saw-flies) by Alexander D. 
MacGillivray. 

Orthoptera, Neuroptera, Hemiptera and Lepi- 
doptera by E. P. Van Duzee. 

(Issued November 2, 192T)... 0. .1ecceeeneene 

Pages 197-344. XV. An Annotated List of the Diptera (Flies) of 
Oregon. By F. R. Cole and A. L. Lovett. (Issued December 14, 


John i Denburgh and Joseph R. Slevin. (Isswed December 
E77 LQ2T) ig he hee ak Bak eee eed oO a AE ae ea 
Pages 399-526. XVIII. Fossil Chitons of Western North America. 
By, S. Stillman Berry. (Issued May 16, 1922).........-.+---+0s 
Pages 527-601. XIX. Tertiary and= Quaternary History of the 
Petaluma, Point Reyes and Santa Rosa Quadrangles, By Roy E. 
Dickerson. (Issued July 10, 1922) ..cccecce cee caveecceseseses 
Pages 603-653. XX. Report of the President of the Academy for 
the Year 1921. 
XXI. Report of the Director of the Museum for the 
Year 1921. (Issued August 21, 1922)..... 


$0.50 


PROCEEDINGS 


i OF THE 
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 


FourtTH SERIES 


Vor. XII, No. 29, pp. 695-949, pls. 12-88, map. May 13, 1924 


Hy XXIX 


EXPEDITION OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY 
OF SCIENCES TO THE GULF OF 
CALIFORNIA IN 1921* 


THE MARINE ALG 


BY 


WILLIAM ALBERT SETCHELL 
and : 
NATHANIEL LYON GARDNER 


INTRODUCTION 


Very little is known about the marine alge of the western 
coast of North America south of the boundary of the United 
States. These coast lines, viz., of Mexico, Guatemala, Salva- 
dor, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama, extend from some- 
what above 32° lat. N. down to about 5° lat. N., or about 
twenty-seven degrees of latitude, while east and west, they 
extend from 77° long. W. to 118° long. W., or almost forty- 
one degrees of longitude. Altogether these west coasts of 
Mexico and the Central American states form a considerable 
proportion of the coast line of Pacific North America. From 
this extensive coast line there are at present fewer than sixty 


*A general account of the expedition accompanied by a map showing all of the 
islands, etc., visited by the expedition is to be found in vol. XII, No. 6, of the 
Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences for June 2, 1923. 

A reprint of the map showing all of the islands, etc., visited by the expedition 
next to back cover of this paper. 


May 13, 1924 


696 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES {Proc. 4TH Sir, 


species of marine alge listed and where we might expect at 
least several hundred to occur. 

Of the coast line of western North America south of the 
United States, the shores of the Guif of California represent 
something more than a thousand miles and somewhere about 
forty species are listed from them (cf. Hariot, 1895 and M. A. 
Howe, 1911). From the Mexican coast, southward from the 
~ mouth of the Gulf of California, Liebmann, of Copenhagen, 
collected twelve species of marine alge (cf. J. G. Agardh, 
1847). M. A. Howe (1910) has remarked on the scantiness 
of the marine flora of the Bay of Panama where he found 
about fifty inconspicuous, mostly incrusting species and of 
which, as yet, he has not published any determinations. Of 
the islands off the coast, a few specimens have been collected 
on Guadalupe Island by Palmer and Brandegee, of which two 
species of Sargassaceze have been described as new (cf. 
Grunow, 1915; p:/ 338) Gardner, 1913) ps 32>, 1917, psa: 
and 1918, p. 448). 

It is with the greatest interest, aes that we have un- 
dertaken the study of the comparatively large collection made 
by Mr. Ivan M. Johnston on the expedition of the California 
Academy of Sciences to the Gulf of California in the summer 
of 1921. In our study we have also included two other fairly 
extensive collections from the same region, viz.: one made in 
1890 by T. S. Brandegee and Walter E. Bryant on the third 
expedition sent out by the California Academy of Sciences to 
explore Lower California, particularly the Cape region, and a 
collection made by Dr. and Mrs. Marchant in 1917. Among” 
the specimens of these collections, we have detected one hun- 
dred and forty-four species and varieties, of which one hun- 
dred and eleven are, in our judgment, new to science. The 
Corallinaceze and less conspicuous epiphytic forms remain for 
future study. These results are in line with the experience 
of Hariot and of Howe, each of whom, however, dealt with 
much smaller collections. Hariot (1895) describes three new 
species and lists four as referable to described species. Howe 
(1911), working over collections made chiefly at La Paz by 
G. J. Vives, and at San Felipe Bay (about five hundred miles 
north of La Paz) by D. T. MacDougal, describes seven new 
species, lists sixteen species as referable to described species, 


aah 


Vor. XITJ SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALGE 697 


and notes four species not to be determined beyond the genus. 
In these two lists of species there is no duplication. Howe, in 
his list, reports on a few species found in the herbarium of Dr. 
C. L. Anderson (of Santa Cruz, California) whose collectors 
were unknown to him. These were undoubtedly collected by 
the first or second expedition of the California Academy of 
Sciences and previous to 1890. It seems likely that there will 
be found to be an exceedingly rich marine flora in the Gulf 
of California when it shall have been carefully and thoroughly 
explored. 

The subtropical flora of the southern California coast ex- 
tends down to Magdalena Bay, or possibly somewhat to the 
south of it, but at San José del Cabo, the water is evidently 
warm enough (25° C. or over) to be considered tropical and 
this condition extends up the Gulf. The winter marine flora 
may be subtropical, however, at least in portions of the Gulf 
of California. The more exact relations of the algal flora to 
temperature and to salinity, as well as to substratum cannot 
be entered into with any certainty at present, since full data 
are not yet available. 

The affinities of the marine flora of the Gulf of California 
are with that of the Eastern Pacific, i. e., with the subtropical 
and tropical coasts of Western America, which we know chiefly 
through Howe’s Marine Algz of Peru (1914) and our own 
publications (incomplete) for the western coast of North 
America. There is a wealth of species of Codium, of Sar- 
gassum, of Laurencia, of Grateloupia, of Gracilaria and of 
Ceramium. There is a noticeable, and we may infer, signifi- 
cant lack of species of Halimeda and other calcareous Sipho- 
nales, of species of Liagora, Galaxaura and calcareous reds, 
but the Corallinacee of our collections are not, as yet, 
identified. 

We desire to express our indebtedness to Mr. T. S. Brande- 
gee, to Dr. and Mrs. Marchant and to Mr. Ivan M. Johnston 
for collections of marine alge, undertaken at request and in 
addition to other duties, and to Dr. Anna Weber-van Bosse 
and to Dr. Marshall A. Howe for critical notes. To the Cali- 
fornia Academy of Sciences, and, in particular, to Dr. Barton 
W. Evermann and to Miss Alice Eastwood, we are indebted 
for the privilege of carrying through these studies. 


698 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 


MYXOPHYCE 
Family CHROOCOCCACE2 
CHLOROGLOEA Witz, Algol. Not. I-VI, 1900, p. 5 
Chlorogloea regularis S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 12, fig. 1 


Plants forming cushions very definitely circular in outline, 
up to 200 » in diameter and 30 » thick in the center; cells in 
the basal layer spherical to subspherical in the center of the” 
thallus, cylindrical at the ends of the radiating rows, 0.5-1 » 
diam., marginal cells 2 times as long as broad; cells in the 
vertical rows spherical; the radiating basal filaments dichoto- 
mously branched; color pale blue-green. 

Growing in abundance on Cladophoropsis robusta. 


Type: No. 1316, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 135a), at Tortuga Island, Gulf of California. 

In its method of development this species of Chlorogloea 
resembles the genus Radaisia. The colony or plant starts as 
a single cell, which divides a number of times in different 
vertical planes, soon establishing a number of growing points 
around the margin of a circular plate. From this margin 
radiating rows of cells, or that which amounts to filaments, 
develop, which by dichotomous branching build up a solid 
basal layer. The largest plant noticed measured 200 » in 
diameter. The cells in the center of the basal disk soon begin 
to divide in horizontal planes and contiguous rows of cells up 
to 30 » long are generated. In the genus Radaisia the ter- 
minal cells of these vertical rows of cells, or filaments, produce 
gonidia. The gonidia formation is absent in Chlorogloca. 


Family CHAM &SIPHONACEE 


DERMOCARPA Crouan, Notes sur Quelques Algues Marines Nouvelles, 
1858, p. 70 


Dermocarpa ae Fe 


A few colonies of a Dermocarpa «which seem to be of this 
species have been observed intermixed with other species of 
Myxophycez as epiphytes on other algz, notably upon Graci- 


Vor. XII] SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG# 699 


laria pachyderma. The general form and size correspond very 
well with the description and figures given by Saunders (1901, 
p. 397, pl. 46, figs. 4, 5). The plants do not form as large 
colonies as in typical material found along the coast of Wash- 
ington and California. The length of the cells varies from 50 
p to 60 pw. We place it here pending further investigation of 
more typical material. 


Dermocarpa Reinschii S. and G. sp. nov. 


Plate 12, fig. 6 


Cells epiphytic, narrowly to broadly pyriform, 18-24 » long, 
15-20 » wide at the top, few to many forming colonies circular 
to irregular in outline; color steel blue; contents homogeneous ; 
gonidia formed simultaneously, 1.5 » diam. 

Growing on various species of red alge. 


Type: No. 1317, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 34c), in June, at Tortuga Island, Gulf of 
California. 

Dermocarpa Reimschi approximates very closely to D. 
prasina (Reinsch) Born. & Thur. The shape and size of the 
colonies do not agree entirely with the description and figures 
given by Bornet and Thuret (cf. Notes Algol., p. 76, pl. 26, 
figs. 6-9). This is particularly true of the shapes of the 
gonidangia and the arrangement of the gonidia. We have 
examined the material of Howe’s D. prasina growing on 
Chetomorpha cartilagmea from Peru (Howe, Mar. Alg. 
Peru, p. 16). The colonies of this material are thicker and 
more extensive and there is a much greater polymorphism in 
the shapes of the cells. The cells in his material are very com- 
monly “trumpet shaped.” Ours do not show such variations. 
The type of Sphenosiphon prasinus Reinsch (Contrib. Alg. 
et Fung., p. 17, pl. 26, fig. 1) is probably not available and 
since the interpretations of Reinsch’s conception of the spe- 
cies have been so varied and our plant differs so decidedly in 
dimension from all of them, we hardly feel justified in adopt- 


ing the name of D. prasina for our material from the Gulf of 
California. 


700 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47TH Sex. 


Dermocarpa Marchantz S. and G. sp. nov. 


Plate 12, fig. 12 


Cells aggregated into relatively extensive colonies, at times 
several hundred, densely crowded, cuneate to balloon-shaped, 
18-22 » long, 9-12 » broad at outer end; gonidia few, 2-2.5 
» in diam. 

Growing on various species of alge. Santa Rosalia, 
Lower California, opposite Guaymas. Type, Marchant, no. 
108, May. 

Only a very few specimens of this species of Dermocarpa 
have been observed producing gonidia. The gonidangia of 
these are no longer than the other larger cells. It is pre- 
sumed that they are just coming into fruit. Little can be 
said of the method of formation of the gonidia on account of 
scarcity of material. 


Dermocarpa sp. 
Plate 12, fig. 11 


There is a species of Dermocarpa which seems to be widely 
distributed along western Mexican borders. It is very gen- 
erally present on various species of Dictyotacez in particular, 
as well as on a variety of other alge. Figure 11 represents 
specimens growing on Dictyota sp. (Johnston, no. 5a). The 
rather uniformly cylindrical character of the cells and their 
wide expansion in a continuous stratum indicate that it is 
distinct from any known species, but since no specimens out 
of the many which we have observed have been found pro- 
ducing gonidia, we feel that it is too immature for us to 
attempt to diagnose and name it. The cells in the present 
state are 12-15 » long. The only described species to which 
it at all approximates is D. strangulata Sauv. (1895, p. 8 
(Repr.), pl. 7, fig. 4), which quite likely also represents an 
immature species. It is possibly only a young state of D. 
Marchante. 


Vor. XII] SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG# 701 


XENOCOCCUS Tuoret, Essai Class. Nost., 1875, p. 373 (Nom. nud.) ; 
Bornet and Thuret, Notes Alg. 2, 1880, p. 73 (descr. of type). 


Xenococcus deformans S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 12, fig. 2 and plate 40, fig. a 


Plants embedded in the cuticle of the host, 75-150 in a 
colony, dividing in two planes only; cells spherical to slightly 
pyriform, 10-14 » long, 9-12 » broad; contents homogeneous ; 
color bright blue-green. 

Growing in Gelidium Johnstonn. 


Type: No. 1318, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 13a), in June, at San Francisquito Bay, 
Lower California. 


This species of Myxophycez is the only representative of 
the genus Xenococcus which has been reported growing endo- 
phytically. Our attention was called to it by the peculiar 
effect it produces on the host. It was noticed that many 
specimens of the Gelidiwm had branches densely proliferating 
near or at their outer ends (Plate 40, fig. a). These short, 
densely crowded outgrowths proved to be infested by this 
species of Myxophycee. No gonidangia are present in our 
material, hence the generic position will have to stand in doubt 
for the present. Some of the cells are much larger than others, 
indicating preparation for gonidia formation. Its division in 
two planes only, excludes all other Chamesiphonacez. It does 
not resemble very closely any of the known Coccogonales. 


Family OSCILLATORIACEE 
HYDROCOLEUM Kuerzine, Phyc. Gen., 1843, p. 196. 
Hydrocoleum codicola S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 12, fig. 3 


Filaments associated more or less into loose rope-like 
colonies interwoven among the utricles of the host; sheath 
very delicate and hyaline, containing few to many trichomes; 
trichomes cylindrical or at times slightly tapering at the 


702 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 


apices, pale blue-green, 2.75-3.25 » diam. ; cells not constricted 
at the dissepiments, 0.5-1.5 times as long as the diameter, the 
terminal cells somewhat enlarged and rounded with decidedly 
thickened end walls. 

Penetrating among the utricles of Codium sp., in the upper 
sublittoral belt. 


Type: No. 1319, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 8a), in June, at San Marcos Island, Gulf of 
California. 

The habitat of this species of Hydrocolewm is decidedly 
unusual and the trichomes are the narrowest yet described for 
the genus. The genus typically has few and relatively large 
trichomes. It is difficult to distinguish the largest colonies 
from certain species of Phormidium but the smaller colonies 
are definitely bound together in a single sheath. The tri- 
chomes, however, are not densely intertwined like those of 
Microcoleus. It seems generally prevalent on various species 
of smaller Codiwms in the Gulf. 


Family RrvULARIACE 
CALOTHRIX Acarvu, Syst. Alg., 1824, p. XXIV 
Calothrix nodulosa S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 12, figs. 9, 10 


Plants gregarious, loosely associated into small, stellate 
fascicles, 350-450 » high; filaments decumbent at the base, the 
free end soon becoming erect, 28-32 m diam., subcylindrical, 
tapering rather abruptly at the apices to blunt ends, not dis- 
tinctly bulbose at the bases; sheath 3-4.5 » diam., hyaline, 
homogeneous, closed for some time but later dissolving at the 
apex, becoming funnel-shaped above the middle where the 
trichome becomes constricted, eventually dies and the end 
breaks through to form a false branch; trichome aerugineous, 
20-24 » diam., very blunt at the apex, not terminating in a 
hair, cells 2-2.5 » long, protoplast homogeneous, cross walls 
very inconspicuous; heterocysts 1-4, basal, variously shaped. 

Forming microscopic fascicles on various species of 
Laurencia. 


Vor. XII] SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG# 703 


Type: No. 1320, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. Ye), in June at San Marcos Island, Gulf of 
California. 

This species appears to be most closely related to C. con- 
sociata (Kuetz.) Bornet et Flah., in habit and size, of all the 
described species, but differs in several minor details, particu- 
larly in not having the trichomes so long-attenuated and in the 
character of the sheath, which is much thinner, hyaline, and 
very delicately striate. 

A pronounced character of the species is the constriction of 
the trichome in advance of the formation of intercalary hetero- 
cysts and the resulting hormogonia and false branching. This 
constricted appearance seems to be formed by the re-establish- 
ment of rapid growth at the attenuated apex of the trichome 
suddenly enlarging it at that point while the attenuated por- 
tion remains unchanged and finally dies, separating the tri- 
chome at that place. This character is not well shown in the 
illustration, plate 12, fig. 10. 


Calothrix nidulans S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 12, fig. 7 


Plants epiphytic or slightly embedded in the gelatinous cov- 
ering of the host, procumbent, 40-60 » long, 10-12 » diam. at 
the very much swollen base, much diminished above, not 
branched; sheath very delicate, hyaline and homogeneous; 
trichome dull zruginous, 9-11 » diam. at the enlarged base, 
constricted at the dissepiments below, cross walls inconspicu- 
ous above; heterocysts basal, single, considerably flattened. 

Growing on a fragment of a young filamentous brown alga, 
possibly Liebmannia. Locality not noted. 


Type: No.1321, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 162), locality not noted. 

This species is very close to Calothrix parasitica (Chauv.) 
Thuret, but differs in being much smaller in all of its dimen- 
sions and in not having hairs. The base is very decidedly 
bulbose and the three or four basal cells are very prominent 
and constricted at the dissepiments. 


704 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4ru Sze. 


CHLOROPHYCEZ& 


Family CAULERPACE 
CAULERPA Lamouroux, Mem, Caulerpes, 1809, p. 141 
Caulerpa Vanbossez S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 13, figs. 13-15 


Plants forming dense pulvinate masses 1.5-2 cm. thick, 
attached by delicate branched hyaline rhizoids; erect fronds 
irregularly and alternately (occasionally opposite) branched, 
more or less irregular, cylindrical; terminal ramuli slightly 
clavate; main fronds and ramuli 400-500 p» diam.; trabecule 
of numerous, delicate, much branched, cylindrical threads 
intertwined in the center of the filament; reproduction 
unknown. 

Habitat unknown. Vicinity of La Paz. Type, Bryant, 
no. 1. 

The plants on which we base our diagnosis seem most 
closely related to Caulerpa fastigiata. Mont., both as regards 
habit and general structure, but they show, when boiled with 
potash solution, small papilliform projections from the inner 
surface of the walls. According to Correns (1894), who 
discovered such structures among the species of Caulerpa, 
these are wanting in C. fastigiata Mont. Through the kind- 
ness of Dr. Anna Weber-van Bosse, we have been able to 
study specimens of C. fastigiata sent by Montagne to Kuet- 
zing. These cotypes show low but distinct papilla and sim- 
ple trabeculz as well as more slender (180-220 ») and less 
rigid filaments than C. Vanbossee. Our species, therefore, 
belongs to the section of Vaucherioidee and is closely related 
to, but distinct from, C. fastigiata Mont. 


Family CoDIACEz 
HALIMEDA Lamovurowx, Class. Polypes, 1812, p. 186 


Halimeda discoidea Decne. 


Marchant, no. 7, and Bryant, no. 2, La Paz. This species 
is apparently rather limited in distribution. Howe (1911, p. 
492) reported it collected by Vives in the same locality. 


Vor. XII) SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG 705 


CODIUM SracxuHouss, Nereis Brit, 1797, p. XVI 


In treating the genus Codium in this account, we have felt 
compelled to propose several new species, at the same time 
feeling that the treatment must be more or less tentative on 
account of lack of adequate material for comparison and 
especially on account of the paucity of material and the lack 
of suitable field notes from the region covered. Observations 
on the effect of age and habitat upon the structure of the 
various parts of the plant, especially the size and thickening 
of the end walls of the utricles, is highly desirable. We have 
endeavored to give as complete an account in descriptions, 
photographs, and drawings as the material at hand will war- 
rant, awaiting more abundant material and further investiga- 
tion to completely establish the validity of the species here 
proposed. 


Codium tomentosum (Huds.) Stackh. 
Plate 16, figs. 38, 39 


In rendering our account of the Chlorophycez in the Marine 
Algze of the Pacific Coast of North America (1920), we in- 
cluded C. tomentosum from La Paz, Mexico, rather on the 
authority of Howe (1911, p. 493), at the same time express- 
ing some doubt as to the occurrence of typical material of this 
species within the range covered by our account. We are not 
now aware whether the type material of C. tomentosum is 
available to anyone, but during our present study we have 
examined the material of this species distributed by Le Jolis 
from Cherbourg in Algues Marines de Cherbourg, No. 204, 
of W. A. Setchell’s copy. We are taking the view that this 
distribution, which was collected across the English Channel 
from the type locality of the species, viz., Exmouth in Devon, 
is likely to be as nearly typical as any which has yet been re- 
ported under this name. We have figured the utricles of this 
distribution in plate 16, figs. 38, 39, and with this material 
as the basis for our judgment we are still more convinced 
after a careful study of our material that it should not be in- 
cluded in the flora on the Pacific Coast of North America. 


706 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


Otto C. Schmidt (1923), although excluding the West In- 
dian forms still retains plants from many parts of the world 
under this species. 


Codium simulans S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 14, figs. 21, 22 and plate 31 


Fronds up to 13 cm. high, 3-4 mm. diam., cylindrical, 
slightly flattened at the forkings and cuneate below; branching 
dichotomous throughout; utricles subcylindrical to clavate, 
600-700 » long, up to 200 » diam. at the outer ends, which 
are rounded and somewhat flattened, never fornicate; ter- 
minal wall thickened, up to 50 » thick, hairs 2 to several ina 
whorl, attached just below the thickened terminal wall; 
gametangia blunt, narrowly to broadly conical, tapering 
abruptly at the base, up to 250 » long and 100 » broad. 

Growing on rocks in the upper sublittoral belt, San Marcos 
Island. 


Type: No. 1322, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 8), in June, at San Marcos Island, Gulf of 
California. 

Codium simulans approximates to Codimm tomentosum 
more nearly than any of the other collections from the Gulf, 
as we interpret that species. The fronds of C. simulans are 
smaller, the dichotomies are slightly flattened and cuneate 
below, and the utricles have much thicker end walls than in 
C. tomentosum, and the hairs are at the uppermost portions 
of the lateral wall of the utricle. Howe’s specimens of C. 


tomentosum are young, but seem to belong under C. simulans 
(cf. Howe, 1911, p. 493). 


Codium conjunctum S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 15, figs. 32, 33, and plate 32, fig. a 


Thallus 2-5 cm. high, 2-2.5 mm. diam., attached by a 
relatively small holdfast, cylindrical above, somewhat flat- 
tened and profusely anastomosing at the base, branching 
dichotomous to sub-dichotomous above; utricles cylindrical, 
clavate to pestle-shaped, truncate to slightly round and smooth 
at the outer end, 400-500 » long, up to 200 » wide at the outer 


Vor. XIT) SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG 707 


end, terminal wall thickened, up to 20 » thick; gametangia (?) 
broadly fusiform, 180-240 » long, 60-70 », up to 100 » broad, 
not extending beyond the utricles. 

Growing on rocks in the upper sublittoral belt. 


Type: No. 1323, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 16), in June, at Tortuga Island, Gulf of 
California. 

This species is to be distinguished by its small size, its 
relatively short utricles and especially by the profuse anasto- 
mosing of the fronds at the base. In this way small dense 
cushions are built up about a centimeter thick in which the 
fronds extend outwards more or less laterally. It is fruiting 
profusely and it is assumed to be nearing its maximum devel- 
opment. 


Codium reductum S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 14, figs. 23, 24 and plate 33 


Thallus 15 cm. high, decidedly flattened towards the base, 
nearly cylindrical at the apices, dichotomously branched, 
gradually reduced in width from the base to the extremities ; 
segments between the forkings cuneate; utricles narrowly to 
broadly clavate, rounded and smooth or blunt-conical at the 
apices, sometimes branching, 600-800 », up to 1250 u long, 
up to 250 » broad, terminal wall of utricle up to 30 p» thick, 
finely laminated, frequently umbonate; hairs numerous, at- 
tached very close to the ends of the utricles; gametangia ( ?) 
narrowly fusiform, i80-210 p, at times up to 440 » long, 60- 
90 » broad. 

Growing on rocks in the lower littoral belt. 


Type: No. 1324, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 42), in June, at Angeles Bay, Lower Cali- 
fornia. 

In this species of Codium, as well as in many others, there 
is a marked variation in the size and shape of the utricles. 
A sort of dimorphism seems to exist regarding their size. 
There is a typical size and form, possessed of a liberal range 
of variation, and interspersed among these there is a much 
smaller number of very decidedly large specimens always 


708 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES {Proc, 4TH Sze. 


having much thinner end walls than the typical forms. The 
significance of this large type has not been interpreted. They 
bear gametangia (?) and are present in practically all of the 
species reported here. 


Codium cuneatum S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 16, figs. 34, 35 and plate 34 


Thallus decidedly flabellate, attached by a relatively small 
spongy disk, 12-16 cm. high, branching very close to the base, 
regularly dichotomous, distinctly flattened, especially imme- 
diately below the forking, angles rounded; segments between 
the forkings broadly cuneate, up to 2 cm. wide below the fork- 
ing, terminal branches numerous, much reduced; utricles 0.5-1 
mm. long, 200-250 » diam., large type up to 450 » diam. at 
the outer end; side wall 2-3 » thick, end wall 8-12 p» thick; 
hairs short, attached near the outer end of the utricles; spo- 
rangia sub-fusiform, widest below the center, 200-260 » long, 
90-110 » wide; often extending beyond the utricle. 

Growing on rocks in the upper sublittoral belt. 


Type: No. 1325, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 47), in July, at Smith Island, Gulf of 
California. 

The gross morphological features of this species, which dis- 
tinguish it from all other known species, are the regularly 
dichotomous branching, the flattened and flabellate character 
of the frond, and the broadly cuneate segments between the 
forkings. These combined with the characters of the utricles 
and the gametangia are decidedly sufficient in our judgment 
to render this one of the most distinct of all the species of 
Codium. 

The fronds are small at the base and the forking begins 
very close to the base. The specimens at hand are in full fruit 
and presumably are very near to maturity. They are forked 
about ten times. At each forking the frond widens rather 
decidedly and rapidly, reaching its greatest width at about the 
* seventh forking, after which it is reduced very rapidly to the 
small apices only 2-4 mm. wide. 


Vor. XII} SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALGH 709 


Its nearest relative would seem to be C. Lindenbergu 
Binder (in Kuetz., Tab. Phyc., vol. 6, pl. 97), but as described 
and figured, that species has longer and less cuneate segments 
and decidedly long and attenuated apices. Also the utricles 
as figured differ in shape from ours and are not represented 
as having thickened end walls. 


Codium amplivesiculatum S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 15, figs. 28, 29 and plate 35 


Thallus cylindrical, somewhat flattened at the forking, 5-6 
dm. high, main branches 6-9 mm. diam. in widest part, taper- 
ing slightly towards the base, terminal ramuli 1-2 mm. diam. ; 
branching profuse, regularly dichotomous; branches gradually 
and much reduced in diameter upward; utricles 1.4-1.8 mm. 
long, of two kinds, the typical, 350-550 » diam. at the outer 
ends and the rarer, up to 1 mm. diam. at the outer end, clavate, 
enlarging gradually upward; walls thin, 1.5-2 » on the sides, 
3-4 times as thick at the ends; hairs inserted near the outer 
end of the utricle; gametangia (?) fusiform, 350-400 » long, 
90-120 p» broad. 

Specimens found floating. 


Type: No. 1326, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 74), in July, near south end of Angel de la 
Guarda, Gulf of California. 

This species of Codium, according to the report by Mr. 
Johnston, is quite plentiful in the above mentioned locality. 
It was found growing in abundance and many specimens were 
floating in the bay. Only two complete specimens were col- 
lected. It seems to be very loosely attached by a small hold- 
fast. A very striking feature of the gross morphology is the 
very gradual attenuation of the fronds upward, the widest 
part being at the base. 

It is probably to be considered a near relative of C. decorti- 
catum (Woodw.) Howe (Phyc. Studies, V., p. 494), who 
determined a specimen of the Vives Collection from La Paz 
and sets forth his reasons in full for changing the combina- 
tion. Our plants are larger and have much larger utricles and 


710 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


the dichotomies are up to twelve, thus producing a very large 
number of slender branches. 

The characters of the utricles are almost identical with those 
of Codium longiramosum of this paper. 


Codium unilaterale S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 15, figs. 30, 31 and plate 36 


Thallus cylindrical to somewhat irregular, 20 cm. high, 3-4 
mm. diam. at the base, enlarging slightly upwards, subterminal 
segments widest, dichotomous to sub-distichous, branching 
very close to the base, angles narrow; utricles nearly cylin- 
drical to narrowly clavate, smooth and rounded to slightly 
conical at the outer ends, 700-900 » long, 200-250 p, up to 
400 », broad; hairs sparse, attached very close to the outer end 
of the utricles; gametangia (?) sub-fusiform, widest below the 
center, attached above the center of the utricles, often pro- 
jecting beyond them, 225-270 u long, 90-120 » broad. 

Growing on rocks in the upper sublittoral belt. 


Type: No. 1327, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 74a), in July at Pond Island, near south end 
of Angel de la Guarda, Gulf of California. 

One of the very striking characters of Codiwm unilaterale 
is the very unequal growth of one of the branches arising at 
the apex by an apparent equal splitting at the growing region. 
This method is prevalent throughout the plant and results 
in several main shoots with the branches all on one side, since 
with few exceptions it is the branch arising on the same side 
as the preceding branch which is reduced in growth. 


Codium longiramosum S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 15, fig. 27 and plate 37 


Thallus cylindrical throughout, 4 dm. high, 5-8 mm. diam., 
tapering decidedly towards the base to a small short stipe 
and only slightly towards the apices; branching dichotomous, 
mostly near the base, moderately sparse; utricles of two forms, 
the typical, with smaller dimensions, narrowly clavate to 


Vox. XII) SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG FAM 


slightly pestle-shaped, and the larger, fewer, up to 1.2 mm. 
diam., broadly clavate, interspersed among the typical, 1-1.8 
mm. long, convex and smooth at the apices, with apical walls 
8-14 » thick; gametangia and zoosporangia unknown. 


Type: No. 1328, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 74b), in July, floating in Rattlesnake Har- 
bor, Pond Island, Gulf of California. 

Codium longiramosum is to be distinguished from all other 
known species by its sparse dichotomous branching, taking 
place mostly near the base, its long straight cylindrical 
branches slightly attenuated toward the apices and decidedly 
so at the base, along with certain microscopic characters. 
The utricles are relatively very large, especially one type, 
which is not very abundant. The side walls are very thin 
and the end walls as compared with the size of the utricles and 
with most species are likewise thin. Unfortunately we have 
but a single specimen and it is sterile. The characters of the 
utricles are almost identical with those of Codwm rediuctum, 
of this paper, with which it was found floating. 


Codium anastomosans S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 16, figs. 36, 37 


Thallus about 4 cm. long, 3-5 mm. diam., cylindrical, pro- 
fusely anastomosing at the base, more or less spread out 
laterally, attached in the center by a disk-shaped holdfast and 
more or less by rhizoids along the prostrate fronds; branching 
sub-dichotomous; typical utricles narrowly clavate, at times 
branching, 45-70 » diam.; an occasional large thin-wailed 
specimen reaching 290 diam.; apices mostly blunt conical, 
capped with a thick, hyaline, laminated cell wall, 35-50 » thick. 
a few specimens up to 7Oz thick; gametangia unknown. 

Growing on rocks. 


Type: No. 1329, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. &e), in June, at Angel de la Guarda, Puerto 
Refugia Rocks, Gulf of California. 

This species of Codiwm combines characters of several 
species apparently, which seem to be very closely related, and 


712 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


possibly overlap each other. The profuse anastomosing of 
the fronds, spreading out laterally, forming more or less of 
a cushion, are characters slightly represented in Codiwm 
cervicorne and highly developed in Codiwm conjunctum. In 
thickness of frond and general method of branching it 
resembles C. cervicorne. The small size, the rounded to blunt- 
conical apices, and the decidedly thick end walls of the utricles 
are a combination of characters not found in any other 
species. Unfortunately we have but a single sterile specimen 
upon which to base the species, but its morphological char- 
acters seem too distinct not to warrant its being placed in a 
separate species, awaiting further investigation to establish 
well its entity. 


Codium Brandegeei S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 14, figs. 25, 26 and plate 30 


Thallus 10-12 cm. high, cylindrical to slightly flattened, 
tapering gradually from the base upwards, terminal segments 
2-3.5mm. diam., branching dichotomous; hairs 2-3 in a whorl 
near the top of the utricles; utricles 750-850 » long, variable 
in diameter, 50-200 » at widest part, narrowly clavate, apices 
rounded to subconical, terminal wall 30-45 » up to 60 » thick, 
frequently umbonate; gametangia (?) mostly narrowly fusi- 
form, 240-280 » long, 70-90 » broad. 

Habitat unknown. La Paz (?). Type, Brandegee, no. 
28. 

We have but a single specimen upon which to base this 
species. It was collected by T. S. Brandegee many years 
ago and probably at La Paz. It seems most closely related 
to C. simulans of this paper. 


Codium cervicorne S. and G. sp. nov. 


Plate 14, figs. 19, 20 and plate 32 b 


Thallus cylindrical throughout, 4-6 cm. high, 3-5 mm. 
diam., attached by a relatively large spongy holdfast, several 
erect fronds arising from the same holdfast; branching sub- 
dichotomous, becoming almost unilateral towards the outer 
ends, angles wide and rounded; utricles 500-600 » long, 


Vor. XII] SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG 713 


75-225 » in widest part, varying from narrowly cylindrical 
forms with end walls thickened up to 40 » and more or less 
conical, to broadly clavate forms with end wall only slightly 
thickened and convex; gametangia (?) narrow-fusiform, 
190-220 pu, at times up to 300 », long, 40-60 » broad. 

Cast ashore at Eureka, near La Paz, Lower California. 
Type, Marchant, no. 8, May. 

Among the specimens of our collections of Codiums from 
the Gulf of California appear a few which although resem- 
bling C. conjunctum very closely as to form, are of a distinct 
species. It is to be distinguished from C. conjunctwm in 
being a larger plant in all measurements, in having fewer 
branches, which are sub-dichotomous and almost unilateral, 
in having wider, rounder angles, and in having larger utricles 
and gametangia. There is a slight anastomosing of the 
fronds at the base, a character which is very prominent in 
C. conjunctum. The character of the branching reminds one 
of antlers of an elk. 


Family CLADOPHORACEZ 
CHZITOMORPHA Kuetzine, Phyc. Germ., 1845, p. 203 


Chzetomorpha antennina (Bory) Kuetz. 


Collected at Mazatlan, Mexico. Marchant, no. 100. 

Kuetzing, sp. Alg. 1849, p. 379; Setchell and Gardner, 
Chlorophycez, 1920, p. 203. Conferva antennina Bory, Voy. 
quatre fles d’Afr., vol. 2, 1804, p. 161. Chetomorpha pacifica 
Kuetzing, Sp. Alg. 1849, p. 379. 

The cell walls of this collection, which seems to be 
thoroughly mature, are very thick, 60 » above and up to 100 
# below. 


CLADOPHORA Kuetzine, Phyc. Gen., 1843, p. 262 
Cladophora hesperia S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 13, fig. 17 


Fronds forming dense, thin mats on the substratum, pro- 
fusely branched; di-trichotomous; main branches nearly 
uniform in diameter throughout, tapering only at the apices; 


714 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc, 472 Sz. 


ramuli of different orders reduced in diameter at each fork- 
ing and all tapering gradually to blunt apices; main filaments 
190-230 » diam., ultimate ramuli 25-40 p» diam.; main 
branches relatively strict, ramuli widely divaricate; segments 
slightly constricted at the dissepiments, 2-4 times as long as 
the diameter in the ramuli, up to 1 mm. long in the main 
filaments. 

Growing in a muddy habitat, at the southern extremity of 
Lower California. Type, Brandegee, no. 21. 

No data are available as to the habitat or the exact locality 
of this species of Cladophora nor the time of the year it was 
collected. The locality is undoubtedly along the coast of the 
southern extremity of Lower California, where Mr. Brandegee 
collected many flowering plants. Only a single mount was 
preserved, consisting of a mat of material about three inches 
square. There are a few fronds of a small Enteromorpha 
mixed with it, and the mass is quite muddy, indicating that 
the probable habitat is a mud-flat. There is no indication 
available as to the nature of attaching portions. The 
chromatophores, difficult to interpret in old dried material, 
occupy the periphery of the whole segment, both ends and 
sides, forming a thin stratum seemingly composed of closely 
crowded fine disks. The branching is very profuse, especially 
the ramuli of the fourth to sixth orders which extend in all 
directions and arise at almost right angles with the parent 
branch. The species is especially characterized by its profuse, 
short, divaricate and subulate ramuli. 


CLADOPHOROPSIS Borcesen, Cont. Conn. du genre Siphonocladus, 
1905, p. 259 


Cladophoropsis robusta S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 13, fig. 16 


Fronds forming extensive dense tufts, 3-3.5 cm. high, 
attached by numerous branching rhizoidal filaments; erect 
filaments nearly cylindrical throughout, up to 1100 » diam., 
sparsely forked at the base and bearing a few short lateral 
branches near the apex; segments very long except in the 
region of branches. 


Vor. XII) SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALGE 715 


Growing on rocks in the upper sublittoral belt. 


Type: No. 1330, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 135), in June, at Tortuga Island, Gulf of 
California. 

This species may readily be distinguished from all other 
known species of Cladophoropsis by the large diameter and 
by the great length of the segments between the branches. 


Family ULVACE 


ENTEROMORPHA Link, Epistola, 1820, p. 5 


Among the collections of Enteromorpha from the Gulf of 
California at our disposal, we have identified four different 
known species, all of which, as far as we are able to ascer- 
tain, are new to the Gulf, and one species new to science. 
Doubtless others exist but have escaped collectors’ notice. 


Enteromorpha acanthophora Kuetz. 
Plate 16, fig. 43 and plate 38 


Cast ashore at Guaymas, Marchant, no. 1, May. On rocks 
in the lower littoral belt, Johnston, no. 39, June. La Paz 
(?) Brandegee, No. 29. 

These specimens agree very well in habit with Kuetzing’s 
figure of this species, Tab. Phyc., vol. 6, pl. 34. The speci- 
mens collected by Brandegee are probably older and do not 
seem quite typical in this stage of its life history. The plant 
figured (loc. cit.) is of a specimen of Johnston’s collection, 
no. 39, June. 


Enteromorpha prolifera (Muell.) J. Ag. 


Cast ashore at Guaymas, Mexico, Marchant No. 4, May. 

Marchant’s material appears to be quite typical of this 
species, as understood and figured by Kuetzing, Tab. Phyc., 
vol. 6, pl. 30, and by J. G. Agardh, Till. Alg. Syst., part 5, 
p. 129, pl. 4, figs. 103, 104. 


716 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


Enteromorpha tubulosa Kuetz. 


Cast ashore at La Paz, Lower California. Johnston, no. 
49, April. 

Kuetzing, Tab. Phyc., vol. 6, pl. 32, fig. 2. 

The material of this species is rather sparse and seems not 
to be typical. It is sparingly branched above. The mem- 
brane is 34-40 » thick, and the cells are 14-18 » diameter, as 
seen from above. It does not agree completely with either E. 
tubulosa or E. prolifera, both of which it resembles, but is 
seemingly closer to the former, where we are placing it. 


Enteromorpha compressa (L.) Grev. 


Guaymas, Mexico, Brandegee no. 7, and La Paz, Lower 
California, Brandegee, no. 17. 

Greville, Alg. Brit., 1830, p. 180, pl. 18. Ulva compressa 
Linneeus, Fl. Suec., Ed. II, 1755, p. 433. 

As we understand this species (cf. Setchell and Gardner, 
1920, p. 251, 252), the material cited here is fairly typical. 


Enteromorpha Marchante S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 16, figs. 40-42 


Fronds 4-7 cm. high, up to 1 cm. wide in widest parts, 
tubular, more or less bullate, clavate, tapering below to a 
delicate stipe, simple or with a few branches like the main 
frond and with delicate proliferations on the stipe; cells in the 
smooth parts arranged more or less in longitudinal and in 
cross rows, mostly square in surface view, 16-22 m» diam., 
membrane 24-27 p» thick; cell walls 2.5-3.5 » thick, not thick- 
ened on the inside; chromatophore not filling the cell, mostly 
in the outer end of the cell. 

Cast ashore at La Paz, Lower California. Type, Mar- 
chant, no. 3, May. 

In form this species seems most closely related to forma 
clavata of E. intestinalis. It differs from all of the forms of 
E. intestinalis in having a thin wall on all sides of the cell, 
in having the cells arranged more or less in longitudinal rows, 
and in having the cells nearly cubical. The specimens are 
very much smaller than typical f. clavata. 


Vou. XII] SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG# 717 


ULVA Linnzus, Gen. Plant., 1737, p. 326 


In this account we have listed three species of Ulva, viz., 
U. dactylifera S. and G., U. lactuca L., and U. rigida Ag. 
Howe (1911, p. 490) reported U. fasciata Delile from La Paz 
and U. lactuca rigida (Ag.) Le Jolis from San Felipe Bay. 
We have not seen the material of these last two species but 
raise the question here whether the former may not be our 
U. dactylifera (S. and G., 1920, p. 272) and the latter one 
of the other species cited above. 


Ulva dactylifera S. and G. 


Growing on rocks in the upper sublittoral belt, San Marcos 
Island, Gulf of California, Johnston, no. lla, June; Tortuga 
Island, Gulf of California, Johnston, no. 31, June; La Paz, 
Lower California, Brandegee, nos. 9 and 30; Eureka, near 
La Paz, Marchant, no. 5, May. 

Setchell and Gardner, Phyc. Cont. I, 1920a, p. 285, pl. 26, 
fig. 1, Chlorophycez, 1920, p. 272, pl. 21, fig. 1. 

As a rule the specimens from the Gulf have a more ample 
base and shorter “streamers,’ otherwise they approximate 
very closely the California plants. 


Ulva rigida Ag. 


Cast ashore, La Paz, Lower California. Marchant, no. 6, 
May. 

Agardh, Sp. Alg., vol. 1, part 2, 1822, p. 410; Setchell and 
Gardner, Chlorophycez, 1920, p. 270. 

We have three well preserved specimens of this species. 
All of them are somewhat smaller than the average size for 
this species. Structurally they seem typical of the species as 
we understand it. 


Ulva lactuca L. 


Growing on rocks in the lower littoral belt. Los Angeles 
Bay, Lower California, Johnston no. 40, June; Guaymas, 
Mexico, Johnston, no. 63, April. 

Linneus, Sp. Plant., vol. 2, 1753, p. 1163 (in part); 
Setchell and Gardner, Chlorophycez, 1920, p. 265. 


718 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. ¢ru Ser. 


Family CH&TOPHORACEE 


ENTOCLADIA ReInkKE, Zwei par. Algen, 1879, p. 476; Setchell and Gard- 
ner, Chlorophycez, 1920, p. 288 


Entocladia condensata S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 12, figs. 4, 5 


Plants forming a disk of compact cells in the center, with 
a few short filaments extending outwards from the margin; 
cells in the center of the thallus 12-16 » in surface view, 
angular; marginal filaments 7-9 » diam. 

Growing in the terminal membrane of the utricles of vari- 
ous species of Codium. 


Type: No. 1331, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 26), in June, at San Francisquito Bay, 
Lower California. 

E. condensata is quite similiar to E. codicola S. and G., 
growing in the utricles of C. fragile (Suring) Hariot, on the 
coast of California, but the cells are much larger throughout 
and the whole plant is more condensed. It is apparently 
quite widely distributed on a number of different species of 
Codium in the gulf. 


Entocladia Polysiphoniz S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 13, fig. 18 


Filaments distinct, very crooked, irregularly and much 
branched, branches often at right angles, arising from the 
middle of the cell, not coalescing in the center of the thallus 
to form a disk; cells very variable in shape and size, 4-9 p 
diam., 3-6 times as long as the diameter; chromatophores 
parietal, pyrenoid single; zoosporangia (?) intercalary; 
formed from vegetative cells at irregular intervals in the fila- 
ments, numerous, up to 24 » diam.; thallus up to 1 mm. diam. 

Growing in the membrane of Polysiphonia Marchante. 
Guaymas, Mexico, Marchant, no. 50b, May; La Paz, Lower 
California, Bryant, no. 7a. Type, Marchant, no. 50b. 

In a previous work (Chlorophycez, 1920, p. 289, 290) we 
discussed briefly the genus Entocladia, setting forth our con- 


Vo, XII] SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG 719 


ceptions of it, and expressed our difficulties in arriving at a 
complete and satisfactory arrangement of our Pacific Coast 
forms, owing to incomplete life histories of the organisms. 
We are compelled to acknowledge that the same difficulties 
stand in the way of disposing of these Mexican forms. Not- 
withstanding the presence of well developed sporangia (?) 
or gametangia (?) with completely formed reproductive cells 
within them, we are unable to say whether the reproduction 
is asexual or sexual, or whether the reproductive cells have 
two or four cilia, important matters in establishing relation- 
ships. All of our species thus far located on the Pacific Coast 
of North America are endophytic. They branch more or less 
abundantly, have a single parietal chromatophore and one 
pyrenoid. 

We have in the three species, here newly proposed, 
apparently represented the extremes of variation in the mat- 
ter of the formation of the thallus. In E. condensata the 
whole plant is practically a solid parenchymatous disk, with 
only a few peripheral short free filaments. In E. Polysi- 
phome there is no indication of a central parenchymatous 
disk. The filaments are all free, more or less crooked and 
distorted, and the branching is alternate or at times secund, 
usually arising from the center of the cells. Between these 
two extremes we have E. codicola S. and G. with a slight 
central disk, E. mexicana of this paper, and E. cingens S. and 
G. In all cases the reproductive cells are merely vegetative 
cells enlarged and more or less metamorphosed. In E. Polysi- 
phonieé those of the central part of the thallus are enlarged 
to almost spherical whereas those near the margin may only 
be slightly swollen. This condition does not seem to be the 
case in the other species. 


Entocladia mexicana S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 19, fig. 57 


Thallus wholly endophytic, 350-450 » diam., parenchyma- 
tous in the center with copious free filaments around the 
margin; cells in the center nearly equidiametric, 15-18 » diam., 
cells of the free filaments 5-7 » diam., 1.5-2.5 times as long; 
zoosporangia (?) scattered, numerous, up to 20» diam.. 


720 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Sze. 


Growing within the membrane of Chetomorpha antennina. 


Type: No. 1332, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 49b), at La Paz, Lower California. 


PRINGSHEIMIA Reinke, Einige neue braune und griine Algen. 1888, 
p. 241 


Pringsheimia Marchante S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 12, fig. 8 


Thallus epiphytic, up to 280 » diam., often numerous and 
confluent on the host; cells in the center of the thallus nearly 
isodiametric, 15-20 » diam., much reduced and elongated 
radially towards the margin, 3-4 » diam., 2-3 times as long; 
chromatophore parietal; pyrenoid single; reproduction un- 
known. 

Growing on various species of Lawrencia. La Paz, Lower 
California. Type, Marchant, no. 68x, May. 

We have seen neither gametes nor zoospores either in posi- 
tion or free. However, very frequently the cells in the center 
of the thallus are empty and we are therefore assuming that 
the plants are mature. If this is the case, P. Marchante is 
quite distinct from P. scutata Reinke, which has the repro- 
ductive cells very much elongated in the center of the host. 
The shape and size of the cells on the periphery are decidedly 
different from those of P. scutata, being much smaller and 
longer. It has no resemblance to P. (?) Udotea Borgesen, 
1913, p. 11. We mark it as a new species pending further 
investigation. 


MELANOPHYCEZ# 

Family EcTOCARPACEE 
ECTOCARPUS Lynesye, Hydrophyt. Dan., 1819, p. 130 
Ectocarpus Bryantii S. and G. sp. nov. 

Plate 17, fig. 45 


Fronds intertwined, forming a more or less continuous 
stratum, 1-2.5 mm. high, attached by relatively short, pene- 
trating, rhizoidal filaments; erect filaments forked more or 


Vor. XII] SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG 721 


less at the surface of the host, with very few short ramuli 
above, nearly cylindrical, tapering slightly above, uncorti- 
cated ; terminal cell blunt 28-32 » diam., cells 1-2 times as long 
as broad; chromatophores small disks; zoosporangia 
unknown; gametangia narrowly to broadly fusiform, sessile 
or on 1-celled pedicels, 70-100 », up to 140 », long, 25-35 » 
broad, scattered promiscuously along the whole length of the 
erect fronds. 

Growing on Codium Brandegeet. La Paz, Lower Califor- 
nia. Type, Bryant, no. 3a. 

Ectocarpus Bryantti and E. gonodioides are evidently 
closely related to each other and both have near affinities in 
the pusillus group of Sauvageau (1895). They both differ 
from all of the forms proposed, in the method of branching 
and in having no hairs terminating the erect filaments. 


Ectocarpus gonodioides S. and G. sp. nov. 


Plate 17, fig. 44 


Fronds minute, forming small tufts 500-550 » high, 
attached by long, more or less hyaline rhizoidal filaments 
penetrating the host; filaments sparsely branched at the sur- 
face of the host, tapering rather abruptly at the base, long 
attenuated upward to a blunt apex, 18-24 » diam. at the base, 
10-14 » at the apex; cells 1-2 times as long as broad; zoospor- 
angia unknown; gametangia narrowly fusiform on 1-2 celled 
pedicels, near the base of the erect filaments, up to 125 » long, 
20-28 » diam. in widest part. 

Growing on Codium cuneatum. 


Type: No. 1333, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 47e), in July, at Smith Island, Gulf of Cali- 
fornia. 

The small tufts which this species of Ectocarpus produces 
remind one of the genus Gonodia (Myriactis), but the pene- 
trating part, which extends relatively deep into the host, is 
composed of slender, almost colorless, slightly branched, 
closely intertwined filaments, which, however, do not coalesce 
or form a false parenchyma as in the case of some species of 


722 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 41H Ser. 


Gonodia. The plants, though sparse, are in excellent fruit- 
ing condition. The chromatophores are too much disorgan- 
ized for characterization. 


Family CorYNOPHLOEACE 
GONODIA Nievwtanp, Critical notes, IX, 1917, p. 30, Myriactis auct. 


As pointed out by Nieuwland (1917, p. 30), Myriactis was 
applied by Lessing to a still recognized genus of flowering 
plants belonging to the Composite, in 1831. It became neces- 
sary, therefore, to adopt another generic name for the alge 
which have been listed under this name and Nieuwland has 
proposed the name Gonodia, in honor of Eugene Gonod, and 
has made the new combination Gonodia pulvinatum (Kuetz.) 
Nieuwland (loc. cit.). As far as we know there have been but 
two other unmistakable species of the genus described. We 
are here making these new combinations and adding two new 
species. 


Gonodia Sargassi (Yendo) S. and G. comb. noy. 


Myriactis sargassi YENDo, Novae Alg. Japon., 1920, p. 3 


Gonodia moniliformis (Foslie) S. and G. comb. nov. 


Elachista moniliformis Fostiz. Myriactis moniliformis (Fostre) Ky tn, 
Zur Kenntnis der Algenfl., 1910, p. 13, fig. 3 


Gonodia Johnstonii S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 17, figs. 46, 47 


Plants forming dense minute tufts in the conceptacles and 
on other parts of the host, 160-200 » high, attached by rather 
deeply penetrating, sparsely branched, rhizoidal filaments; 
erect fronds forked at the surface of the host, vegetative fila- 
ments unbranched above, decidedly clavate and blunt, at times 
tapering upwards above the center; cells in widest part 10-14 
» diam., 1-1.5 times as long as broad, slightly constricted at 
the dissepiments; zoosporangia broadly clavate, 65-75 » long, 
18-22 » broad; gametangia cylindrical, 60-75 » long, 6-9 m 


Vox. XIT) SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG 723 


broad, densely fasciculate; both sets of reproductive organs 
borne on the same plant at the surface of the host. 
Growing on Sargassum imsulare. 


Type: No. 1334, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 11b), in June, at San Marcos Island, Gulf 
of California. 


Gonodia Marchante S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 17, fig. 48 


Fronds forming dense tufts with a pseudoparenchymatous 
base penetrating the host, the free portion about 200 » long; 
filaments unbranched above the host, the lower portion com- 
posed of 2-3 long, narrow cells, abruptly changing into 2-3 
asymmetrical swollen cells, then gradually attenuated upward 
to blunt apices; widest cells 18-22 yw, the length of the cells in 
the upper part equalling the breadth; pseudoparenchymatous 
cells doliiform to subspherical; zoosporangia broadly clavate, 
55-65 mw long, 22-26 » broad; gametangia cylindrical, densely 
fasciculate, 55-65 » long, 6-7 » broad; both sets of reproduc- 
tive organs borne on the same plant at the base of the free 
filaments. 

Growing on the fronds of Sargassum horridum, La Paz, 
Lower California. Type, Marchant, no. 22a, May. 

G. Marchante differs from G. Johnstonii in the character 
of the basal penetrating portion, the former having few nar- 
row filaments and the latter having a dense, copious, pseudo- 
parenchymatous base. Two or three cells in the lower part 
of the free filaments are usually asymmetrical in G. Mar- 
chante and not so in G. Johnstonu. Neither species has hairs 
or any indication of having had them, a prominent character 
as figured by Thuret and Bornet in Etudes Phyc., pl. 7, figs. 
2-6, for Elachista pulvinata, and mentioned by Yendo as 
“paraphysibus paucioribus” in Myriactis Sargassi (loc. cit.). 
G. Marchante is close to G. pulvinata in the character of the 
basal penetrating portion. G. Johnstoni in general resembles 
G. moniliformis but is much smaller throughout. 


724 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH SER. 


Family MyrRioNEMATACE2 
COMPSONEMA Koucxvuck, Beitr. Kennt. Meeresalgen, 1899, p. 92 
Compsonema immixtum S. and G. sp. nov. 

Plate 17, fig. 49 


Thallus inconspicuous, the basal filaments creeping among 
the gametangia of the host; erect filaments very numerous, all 
bearing gametangia; hairs and zoosporangia unknown; 
gametangia narrowly ellipsoidal, 24-30 » long, 6-8 » broad. 

Growing on Colpomenia sinuosa f. deformans. 


Type: No. 1335, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 58b), in July, at Isla Partida, Gulf of Cali- 
fornia. 

This organism is on the border between Myrionema and 
Compsonema as we interpret these two genera (S. and G. 
Phyc. Cont. II-VI, 1920). Under the present conditions of 
the host it is impossible to learn much of the basal portion. 
It appears that the basal layer was largely developed before 
the gametangia of the host started to develop. Later these 
pushed out among the basal filaments and leaving these behind 
developed along with the gametangia of the epiphyte. The 
gametangia project beyond the general surface of the host 
nearly their entire length. On account of the pluriseriate 
nature of the gametangia we are placing it in the genus 
Compsonema rather than in Myrionema. 


Family SPHACELARIACEE 
SPHACELARIA Lynecsye, Hydrophyt. Dan., p. 130 (In part) 
Sphacelaria furcigera Kuetz. 

Plate 19, fig. 58 
KueEtzinG, Tab. Phyc., vol. 5, p. 27, pl. 90 


A few tufts of a species of Sphacelaria which seems to be 
this species have been noted on different species of Sargassum 
from the Gulf. Marchant, No. 22b is a fruiting specimen, 
having apparently two forms of gametangia, represented on 
plate 19, fig. 58. 


Vor. XIT] SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG 725 


Sphacelaria brevicorne S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 19, figs. 59, 60 


Fronds 1-1.5 mm. high, attached by small penetrating fila- 
ments, branching very sparse and strict, 35 » diam. below, 
22-30» near the tip; hairs arising near the tips, composed of 
6-8 cells; zoosporangia and gametangia unknown; propagula 
tricornute, about 120 » long, about 70 » wide below the 
horns, composed of a few large cells, on 2-3 celled pedicels; 
horns short, blunt, composed of 2-3 cells. 

Growing on Sargassum polyacanthum f. americanum. La 
Paz, Lower California. Type, Brandegee, no. 59. 

S. brevicorne has a very close affinity in S. cornuta Sauv. 
(1901, p. 132, Repr.), the type locality of which is New Cale- 
donia. Unfortunately we have no fruit on ours. We are 
basing the distinction from S. cornuta largely on the differ- 
ences in the character of the propagula. 


Family ENCG@LIACE 


COLPOMENIA (EnpticHER) DeERBEs and SoLier, Mém. phys. Alg., 1856, 
p. 11, Endlicher, Gen. Plant., Suppl. III, 1843, p. 26, n, 98b 


Colpomenia sinuosa f. tuberculata (Saunders) S. and G. 


San Francisquito Bay, Lower California, Johnston, no. 
26, June; Los Angeles Bay, Lower California, Johnston, no. 
117, May; La Paz, Lower California, Marchant, no. 13, May, 
and Brandegee, nos. 15 and 36. 

Setchell and Gardner, Alg. N. W. Amer., 1903, p. 242. 

C. tuberculata Saunders, Phyc. Mem., 1898, p. 164, pl. 32, 
figs. 1-3. 

The specimens of all of these collections are sterile. They 
are larger and seem somewhat more membranaceous than any 
which have been reported from the California coast, the type 
locality being Monterey, California. Otherwise they seem 
quite typical. 


726 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Szx. 


Colpomenia sinuosa f. deformans S. and G. 
Plate 19, figs. 61, 62 


Isla Partida, Gulf of California, Johnston, no. 58, July. 

Setchell and Gardner (Joc. cit.). Scytosiphon bullosus 
Saunders, Phyc. Mem., 1898, p. 163, pl. 31, figs. 1-7. 

There is an extensive variation in the form. The type 
locality of Saunders’ Scytosiphon bullosus is Pacific Grove, 
California. The character which the plants assume growing 
along the California coast is about one-half bullose base and 
the other half consisting of irregular, more or less finger-like 
projections above. In the region of the San Juan Islands, 
Washington, the upper free portion is saccate and up to ten 
inches long. The basal portion of the material from the Gulf, 
as represented on plate 19, fig. 61, has practically disappeared 
and only the narrow, finger-like portions remain. The 
gametangia in this material are longer than in the material 
found along the California and Washington coasts. 


Colpomenia sinuosa f. expansissima S. and G. f. nov. 


Fronds 3-6 dm. in diam., thin, sinuose, with minute, spine- 
like projections. 


Type: No. 1336, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 24), in ee at San Francisquito Bay, 
Lower California. 

Johnston says in regard to the habitat: “Floating in large 
billowy masses out in the bay.’ Structurally the specimens 
seem very similar to C. sinuosa f. expansa Saunders (loc. 
cul. ). 

In his description Saunders does not mention the size of 
the plants. The specimens distributed in Collins, Holden, and 
Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Amer., no. 825, from La Jolla, measure 
only a few centimeters in diameter. Comparison of the fruits 
cannot now be made, since our material is all sterile. 


Vou. XII] SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALGZ 727 


HYDROCLATHRUS Bory, in Dict. Class., vol. 8, 1825, p. 419 
Hydroclathrus clathratus (Bory) Howe 


Cast ashore, La Paz, Lower California. Marchant, no. 12; 
Brandegee, no. 11. 


Howe, Atc# in Britton and Millspaugh, Bahama Flora, 1920, p. 590 


Hydroclathrus cancellatus Bory (Joc. cit.) 
Encelium clathratum (Bory) Ag. Sp. Alg. vol. 1, 1822, p. 412 


This alga has been known for a century or more and has 
been collected from a large number of widely separated locali- 
ties, yet very little seems to be known of its method of 
development and the characters of its fruit. Harvey (1852, 
p. 120) expresses doubt as to whether all of the plants 
referred to this species actually belong to it. We are refer- 
ring here the collections from La Paz with some hesitation, 
as we have no fruit to give a clue to its relationship. State- 
ments concerning the fruit have been vague. Harvey (loc. 
cit., p. 119) quotes Montagne, without citation, thus: “Spores 
minute, globose, collected into dot-like, scattered innate so/i, 
accompanied by club-shaped, jointed filaments.” 

Farlow (1881, p. 88) states that Hydroclathrus has pluri- 
locular sporangia like Phyllitis and Scytosiphon, but did not 
state whether he referred to Hydroclathrus sinuosus or to H. 
cancellatus. Mitchell (1893, p. 53), in considering the struc- 
ture of Hydroclathrus Bory, treats H. sinwosus Zanard. along 
with H. cancellatus. She states (p.56), referring to H. can- 
cellatus: “While one region of the thallus is fully formed and 
capable of producing sporangia, another may be still in a 
state of growth.” . . . “On all the branches cryptosto- 
mata and sporangia are present in various stages of develop- 
ment.” She did not figure the sporangia but we presume she 
referred to a type similar to that in H. sinwosus (Colpomenia 
sinuosa). Aside from these statements, so far as we are 
aware no one else has described or figured the fruit. 


728 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 41TH Sze. 


CHNOOSPORA AcarpH, J, Nya Alg., 1847, p. 7 
Chnoospora pacifica J. Ag. 


Cast ashore, La Paz, Lower California. Marchant, no. 16; 
Brandegee, no. 39. 

J. Agardh, Nya. Alg., 1847, p. 7; Kuetzing, Tab. Phyc., 
vol. 9, 1859, pl. 86, fig. 1. Chnoospora fastigiata a pacifica 
J. Agardh, Sp. Alg., vol. 1, p. 172. 

Our material is in fine vegetative condition but has no 
fruit. It does not perfectly coincide with Kuetzing’s figure in 
its vegetative character. The plants are dichotomously 
branched and the older parts are at times flattened. The 
terminal portions are profusely branched, forming short, dense 
clusters with divaricate branches, while the terminal ramuli, 
as shown in Kuetzing’s figure, are few and erect. Kuetzing’s 
figures were doubtless drawn from material of the type from 
the type locality, St. Augustine, Mexico. 


Family LAMINARIACEZ 
MACROCYSTIS Acarvu, Sp. Alg., vol. 1, part 1, 1821, p. 46 


Macrocystis pyrifera (Turner) Ag. 


Caught on log line of vessel between Espiritu Santo Is- 
land and La Paz, Lower California. Johnston, no. 78, April. 

Agardh (loc. cit.), Fucus pyriferus Turner, Fuci, vol. 2, 
pl. 110. 

A single specimen about three feet long was brought aboard 
the vessel but no specimens were found growing attached 
within the Gulf. 


Family DicryoTacE& 


NEUROCARPUS Weser and Monr, Beitr. Naturk., vol. 1, 1805, p. 300 
(242-246) 


Neurocarpus zonarioides (Farlow) Howe 


Growing on rocks in the upper sublittoral belt. Tortuga 
Island, Johnston, no. 22, June; Isla Partida, Johnston, no. 83, 


July. 


Voi. XII) SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG& 729 


Howe, Mar. Alg. Peru, 1914, pp. 69, 70. Dictyopteris 
zonarioides Farlow in Erythea, vol. 7, no. 8, 1899, p. 73. 

The material of these collections seems to be identical with 
the material of Dictyopteris zonarioides Farlow, distributed 
from southern California in Collins, Holden, and Setchell, 
Phyc. Bor.-Amer. (Exsic), no. 581. 

Howe (1914, p. 69) has brought forward new facts as to 
the priority of Neurocarpus, and it seems best to adopt this 
generic name rather than Dictyopteris or Haliseris. 

Farlow (Joc. cit.) compares the California specimen with 
PD. undulata Holmes and properly, in our judgment, regards 
it as distinct. 

Our plants are not fruiting and hence they are probably 
winter fruiting forms in that locality. 


PADINA Apawnson, Fam. Pl. vol. 2, 1763, p. 13 
Padina Durvillzi Bory 


Growing in the lower littoral and upper sublittoral belts. 
Guaymas, Mexico, Marchant, no. lla, May; Brandegee, no. 
8. Eureka, near La Paz, Lower California, Marchant, no. 
32, May. La Paz, Lower California, Marchant, no. 15, May. 
Bryant, no. 8. San Marcos, Johnston, no. 3, June. Tortuga 
Island, Johnston, no. 17, June. San Esteban, Johnston, no. 
54, April. Georges Island, Johnston, no. 73, April. San 
Francisquito Bay, Johnston, no. 76, June. San Pedro Mar- 
tir, Johnston, no. 150, April. Isla Partida, Johnston, no. 
154, April. 

Bory, Dict. Class., vol. 12, 1827, p. 591; Voy. Coquille, 
1828, p. 147, pl. 21, fig. 1. 

Among these various collections there is a great variation 
in the size, thickness, and amount of laceration, as well as the 
arrangement of the fruit. Without more critical study of the 
material in its native habitat and histological comparison we 
are unable to state whether we are dealing with one or more 
than one species. We are grouping them all under the above 
name for the present without further comment. 


730 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 


DICTYOTA Lamovuroux Nouv. Bull., Sci. Soc. Philom., vol. 1, 1809, p. 331 
Dictyota crenulata J. Ag. 
Plate 18, figs. 50, 51 


Cast ashore, La Paz, Lower California. Brandegee, no. 
24. J. Agardh, Nya. Alg., 1847, p. 7. 

The collection listed above agrees very well with Agardh’s 
brief description. We have not seen the type which is from 
St. Augustine, Mexico. The illustration (plate 18, fig. 50) 
is of a typical specimen of our collection in an advanced stage 
of development. The numerous proliferations represent 
plantlets developed from spores in situ. 


Dictyota Johnstonii S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 18, figs. 54-56 and plate 39 


Fronds 12-16 cm. high, 5-8 mm. wide, 125-135 m thick, 
composed of a single layer of large medullary cells surrounded 
by a single surface layer of small cells except in the lower 
part along the margin the medullary and surface cells become 
doubled; slightly stupose at the base, pinnate, dichotomously 
branched, angles acute to somewhat rounded, branches strict, 
margins smooth, color dark brown, black on drying; oogonia 
aggregated into elliptical or elongated areas, 115-125 u long, 
80-90 » wide; tetrasporangia and antheridia unknown. 

Growing on rocks in the upper sublittoral belt, San Marcos 
Island, Gulf of California, Johnston, no. 4, June. 


Type: No. 1337, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 81), in July, at Isla Partida, Gulf of Cali- 
fornia. 

Dictyota Johnstonii appears to belong to the subgenus or 
section of the genus, Strigocarpus J. Ag. (Anal. Algol. cont. 
1, 1894, p. 73) and related to D. pinnatifida Kuetz., Tab. 
Phyc., vol. 9, 1859, p. 16, pl. 39, fig. 1, to D. Pappeana Kuetz. 
(loc. cit., pl. 38, fig. 2), and to D. liturata Kuetz. (loc. cit., 
fig. 1). The cross section in the central and lower parts of 
the frond has a structure similar to that shown by Okamura 
(1913, p. 33, pl. 109, figs. 3 and 7) for D. marginata. In 
D. Johnstonii the margins are thickened by divisions of the 


Vor. XII] SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG# 731 


cells of both the medulla and the surface while in D. margi- 
nata increase in thickness is brought about by division of the 
medullary cells only. 


Dictyota hesperia S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 18, figs. 52, 53 


Fronds linear, repeatedly branched, 8-10 cm. high, 2-4 mm. 
wide, 80-120 » thick, more or less finely stupose at the base, 
dichotomously or at times subdistichously branched, antheri- 
dia and oogonia distributed over both surfaces on the same 
frond, oogonia single and antheridia in small circular groups; 
tetrasporangia single or in small irregular groups; oospores 
germinating freely in position. 

Growing on rocks in the lower littoral and upper sublittoral 
belts, San Marcos Island, Gulf of California, Johnston, no. 5, 
June. 


Type: No. 1338, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 32), in June, at Tortuga Island, Gulf of 
California. 

Dictyota hesperia seems to belong to the subgenus or sec- 
tion of the group designated as Pleiadophora by J. Agardh 
(loc. cit., p. 69) with close affinity with D. sandvicensis 
Sond. 

New plants may be freely formed by growth of the 
oospores in position in the fronds. We have not been able 
to investigate the cytological characters of these spores to 
ascertain whether growth follows fertilization or whether the 
spores germinate parthenogenetically. 


Family SARGASSACE 
SARGASSUM AGarpH, Sp. Alg., vol. 1, part 1, 1820, p. 1 


In the posthumous publication of Grunow’s work (1915- 
1916) two hundred and thirty species, besides a large number 
of varieties and forms of Sargassum, are listed. Notwith- 
standing this large number of published species, we find, in 
the region covered by our account, a considerable number of 
Sergasswms which do not coincide with any of Grunow’s 


732 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc, 47H Ser. 


descriptions. We feel compelled, therefore, to propose fifteen 
additions, leaving several others for future investigation, on 
account of lack of fruit and herbarium material with which 
to compare sterile specimens. 


Sargassum acinacifolium S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 21, fig. 82 


Basal parts unknown; branches terete, smooth; leaves 12-16 
mm. long, asymmetrical, the upper margin concave and 
smooth, the lower margin and apex coarsely dentate, ecostate, 
cryptostomata absent; vesicles situated at the base of the 
receptacles or more rarely among the receptacles, subspheri- 
cal, smooth, apiculate, 1.5-2.5 mm. diam., on pedicels shorter 
than the diameter; receptacles 2-3 times forked, nearly cylin- 
drical, not spiny, acuminate, more or less denticulate towards 
the apices. 

Cast ashore. Guaymas (?), Mexico. Type, Brandegee, 
TOs 2 

This species of Sargassum is a near relative, apparently, to 
S. lapazeanum and to S. Bryantii, both of this paper, but it 
differs sufficiently in leaf, bladder, and receptacle characters 
to warrant giving it a separate characterization. 


Sargassum guardiense S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 19, fig. 64 


Basal parts unknown; primary branches up to 5 dm. high; 
secondary branches long and slender; branches and ramuli all 
smooth, terete; leaves slightly flattened, to filiform, ecostate, 
margins smooth, cryptostomata absent or rare; vesicles situ- 
ated at the base of the fructiferous ramuli or among the 
branches of the receptacles, subspherical to slightly cylindrical, 
2-4 mm. long, smooth, tapering at both ends, apiculate, on 
pedicels shorter than the diameter; receptacles 1-3 times 
forked, terete, not spinose, 5-8 mm. long, forming with the 
vesicles short heteroclyte cymes. 

Cast ashore at Angel de la Guarda Island, Gulf of Cali- 
fornia. 


Vor. XII) SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG# 733 


Type: No. 1339, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 2), in June, at Angel de la Guarda, Gulf of 
California. 

Unfortunately we have no complete specimens of this seem- 
ingly very well defined species of Sargassum. The char- 
acter of the holdfast and of the main stipe, which are in many 
instances of much value in classification, cannot be stated. 
We have several clean primary branches which are in good 
fruiting condition and otherwise seemingly characteristic. 
The loose, open character of the branching and the shape and 
size of the vesicles remind one very much of some members 
of the genus Cystophyllum J. Ag. It has perhaps its nearest 
relative in S. carpophyllum but differs in leaf characters and 
in the vesicles being regularly lateral’or terminal to the 
receptacles. 


Sargassum lapazeanum S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 20, fig. 74 


Fronds 4.5-6 dm. high, arising from a solid parenchymatous 
disk; stipe 1.5 cm. long; primary branches 5-7, terete, smooth, 
giving rise to numerous long, slender, secondary branches; 
leaves 0.5-1.5 cm. long, asymmetrical, widest towards the 
apices, with very short petioles, the basal half of the upper 
margin smooth and concave, the remainder of the blade 
sharply dentate, midrib inconspicuous, cryptostomata abundant 
and conspicuous; vesicles scattered among the receptacles, 
ellipsoidal, 1-2 mm. long, transformed from the base of a leaf, 
mostly crowned by the remnants of the blade; receptacles 4-7 
mm. long, 2-3 times forked, branches strict, spinulose, inter- 
mixed with leaves and receptacles forming a heteroclyte cyme. 

Cast ashore, La Paz, Lower California. Type, Marchant, 
no. 21, May. 


Sargassum Bryantii S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 21, fig. 83 


Basal parts unknown; branches terete, more or less con- 
torted; leaves 6-12 mm. long, 0.5 as broad as long, ecostate, 
asymmetrical, the upper margin concave and smooth, the 


734 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES _ [Proc. 47H Sew. 
lower margin and the end unevenly serrate; cryptostomata few 
and irregularly placed; vesicles numerous along the ramuli or 
more rarely intermixed with the receptacles, subspherical, mar- 
ginate when young, spinose, short-petiolate; receptacles short, 
4-8 mm. long, 1.5-3 mm. broad, irregular, cylindrical below, 
blunt or pointed, at times slightly spinose and crowned with a 
rudiment of a leaf. 

Cast ashore near La Paz, Lower California. Type, Bryant, 
iM, 8). 

The characters of the receptacles do not agree in every 
particular with those given by J. Agardh (Sp. Sargas. 
Austral.) in his key to Eusargassum. They are not regularly 
two-edged and serrate-dentate along the margins. Many of 
them are slightly flattened above, somewhat spinose, and 
crowned with a leaf rudiment. It fits into this section better 
than into any other. 


Sargassum horridum S. and G. sp. nov. 


Plate 20, figs. 65, 66 


Basal parts unknown; branches and branchlets muricate, 
leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, midrib percurrent, margins 
deeply and doubly serrate; cryptostomata numereus and con- 
spicuous on the leaves, stems and vesicles; vesicles sparse, 
occupying the position of leaves near the base of the ramuli 
or scattered among the receptacles, spherical, 4-8 mm. diam., 
short-petiolate; receptacles decompoundly ramose, decidedly 
spinose. 

Cast ashore, La Paz, Lower California. Type, Marchant, 
no. 22, May. 

Like the majority of our specimens from the Gulf of Cali- 
fornia, the specimens of this species of Sargassum have no 
holdfast or stipe. Presumably many of them grow only in 
the sublittoral belt and collectors have observed only such 
specimens as have been cast ashore, and these are usually 
fragmentary. Otherwise the specimens of S. horridum are in 
excellent condition. 


Vor. XIT] SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG 735 


Sargassum Marchante S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 19, fig. 63 


Basal parts unknown; primary branches 4.5-6 dm. high, 
terete, smooth; secondary branches numerous, densely fructi- 
ferous; leaves 4-6 cm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, linear-lanceolate 
acute, midrib percurrent, margins irregularly serrate-dentate; 
cryptostomata numerous and conspicuous; vesicles sparse, 
spherical, on short pedicels near the base of the ramuli or 
near the base of the branching receptacles, 4-6.5 mm. diameter, 
smooth; receptacle several times forked, occasionally one fork 
develops into a leaf or a vesicle forming a “‘heteroclyte 
cyme(?),” but all others fructiferous and from a single pedi- 
. cel, supported near the base of a leaf, cylindrical, blunt, spin- 
ulose, the whole cyme 10-15 mm. long. 

Cast ashore, Eureka, near La Paz, Lower California. 
Type, Marchant, no. 17, May. 

Sargassum Marchante is probably genetically related to S. 
Liebmannt J. Ag. 


Sargassum insulare S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 20, figs. 67, 68 and plate 21, fig. 78 


Fronds 7-9 dm. high, arising from a parenchymatous disk; 
stipe small, 5-10 mm. long; primary branches cylindrical 
throughout, 1-2 mm. diameter, smooth, moderately and alter- 
nately branched; leaves 1-2 cm. long, about half as wide as 
long, asymmetrical, the upper margin concave and mostly 
smooth, the lower margin and apex convex and crenate or 
dentate, ecostate; cryptostomata sparse; vesicles intermingled 
with the receptacles, spherical or sub-spherical, 1.5-2.5 mm. 
diameter, short-petiolate, often crowned by the remnant of a 
leaf; receptacles moderately branched, standing on a single 
pedicel on the base of a leaf, irregular in shape, clothed with 
scattered blunt spines, sometimes crowned by a rudiment of a 
leaf. 

Growing on rocks in the upper sublittoral belt. 


Type: No. 1340, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 11), in July, at San Marcos Island, Gulf of 
California. 


736 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser, 


Sargassum Brandegeei S. and G. sp. noy. 
Plate 21, fig. 79 


Basal parts unknown; branches and branchlets terete, 
smooth, without cryptostomata; branching rather dense in the 
upper parts; leaves 15-25 mm. long, 4-8 mm. wide, apices 
blunt, base cuneate, margins deeply serrate, cryptostomata 
absent; vesicles spherical, small, 2-3 mm. diam., smooth, 
apiculate or crowned by a rudiment of a leaf, supported by 
pedicels mostly shorter than their diameter, occupying posi- 
tions of leaves toward the base of the ramuli, or scattered 
among the receptacles; receptacles in short dense racemes, 
with short distinct pedicels below but with sessile branches 
above, mostly blunt. 

Cast ashore, Guaymas(?), Mexico. Type, Brandegee, no. 4. 


Sargassum sinicola S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 20, fig. 73 


Basal parts unknown; branches and branchlets smooth, ter- 
ete; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, margins serrate-dentate, 
midrib percurrent, cryptostomata sparse, inconspicuous; 
vesicles numerous, mostly borne near the base of pedicel sup- 
porting the receptacles, spherical, smooth, 3-5 mm. diam., 
pedicels equaling the diameter; receptacles 1-3 times forked, 
the lower pedicellate, the upper sessile, cylindrical, with acu- 
minate apices, not spinose. 

Cast ashore. Eureka, near La Paz, Lower California; Mar- 
chant no. 20, May; La Paz, Lower California, Marchant, no. 
26, May. Type, Marchant, no. 20. 

This species seems nearly related to S. podacanthum Sond. 
and to S. spinuligerum Sond. but the leaves are much more 
“glandular” and the receptacles much more branched. 


Sargassum polyacanthum f. americanum S. and G. f. nov. 


Basal parts unknown; branches and branchlets up to 1.5 
mm. diameter, moderately muricate; leaves 3-4 cm. long, 
narrowly lanceolate, acute, margins serrate-dentate, midrib 
percurrent, cryptostomata sparse; vesicles spherical, smooth, 


Vot. XIT) SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG#& 737 


up to 8 mm. diameter, occupying positions of leaves along the 
ramuli or at times supported by a leaf; receptacles 1-2 times 
forked, 2.5-4 mm. long, obtuse-conical. 

Cast ashore, La Paz (?), Lower California. Type, 
Brandegee, no. 27. 

This species stands very close to S. spinuligerum Sond. 
The leaves are longer and narrower than in that species. 
There are also other specific differences. 


Sargassum Johnstonii S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 20, fig. 72 and plate 21, fig. 80 


Basal parts unknown; primary branches relatively robust, 
terete, smooth, up to 8 dm. long, secondary branches numer- 
ous, densely crowded with fructiferous ramuli; leaves nar- 
rowly lanceolate, ecostate, margins sparsely denticulate, cryp- 
tostomata almost absent, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide; 
vesicles smooth, narrowly elliptical, merging gradually below 
into a short petiole, crowned by a mucron or a remnant of a 
blade, scattered along the fruiting rhachis among the recep- 
tacles, 3-5 mm. long, on pedicels shorter than their length; 
receptacles single or 2-3 times forked, nearly cylindrical, 
mostly blunt, with slightly denticulate apices. 

Cast ashore. 


Type: No. 1341, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 71), in April, at Georges Island, Gulf of 
California. 

Related to S. galapagense Grun. but differs in having elon- 
gated, long-apiculate vesicles and slightly denticulate recepta- 
cles, and in details of leaf characters. 


Sargassum Johnstonii f. laxius S. and G. f. nov. 
Plate 21, figs. 75 and 81 


Basal parts unknown; primary branches up to 13.5 dm. 
long, secondary branches very much less frequent and much 
longer than in the species; leaves filiform, 1-2 cm. long, cryp- 
tostomata sparse, inconspicuous; vesicles subspherical, mostly 
long-mucronate; receptacles 1-2 times forked, rarely simple, 
not denticulate. 


738 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4tH Ser. 


Cast ashore at Guaymas, Mexico. Type, Marchant, no. 28. 

This variety differs from the species in the following par- 
ticulars: the secondary branches and fructiferous ramuli are 
very much more widely scattered and several times longer, the 
leaves are narrower, in fact they are filiform, the vesicles are 
very much shorter, about one and a half times as long as 
broad, and the receptacles are less branched and rarely if ever 
denticulate at the apices. 


Sargassum Johnstonii f. gracile S. and G. f. nov. 
Plate 21, fig. 76 


Basal parts unknown; branches of all orders very slender, 
long, and wide apart, up to 1 mm. diam.; leaves filiform; 
vesicles narrowly ellipsoidal. 

Cast ashore, Guaymas, Mexico. Type, Marchant, no. 28a. 

This differs from the species in being decidedly more slender 
throughout, much less frequently branched, and in having the 
branches much longer and more delicate, and in having filiform 
leaves. In these respects they more nearly coincide with f. 
laxius but are much more delicate throughout than that form. 
The receptacles are young in the specimens at hand. The 
vesicles are practically the same in form as those of the species. 


Sargassum cylindrocarpum S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 21, fig. 77 


Basal parts unknown; primary branches and branchlets 
smooth, terete; leaves 5-8 cm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, linear- 
lanceolate, acute, serrate-dentate, midrib percurrent, cryptosto- 
mata abundant and conspicuous; vesicles 5-8 mm. diameter, 
spherical, smooth, on stipes shorter than the diameter, occupy- 
ing positions of leaves toward the base of the fructiferous 
ramuli; receptacles several times forked, cylindrical, blunt, 1-2 
cm. long. 

Cast ashore, La Paz, Lower California. Type, Marchant, 
no. 11. 


Vor. XII) SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG& 739 


Sargassum herporhizum S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 20, figs. 69-71 


Fronds 6-8 dm. high, attached at first by a small parenchy- 
matous disk, later the short stipe giving rise to erect primary 
branches in part and to horizontal branches which in turn de- 
velop attaching branches, hapteres, below and to erect branches 
above; primary branches slender, terete, smooth, densely 
clothed with leaves and with scattered secondary branches be- 
low and with fructiferous branches above; lower leaves sub- 
linear, upper linear-lanceolate and acute, lower 3-5 mm. broad, 
upper 1-2 mm. broad, midrib percurrent, margins sparsely den- 
ticulate, cryptostomata absent; vesicles ‘numerous, scattered 
among the receptacles, spherical to subspherical, smooth, rarely 
apiculate, 1-2 mm. diam., on pedicels as long as or longer than 
the diam.; receptacles short, 5-10 mm. long, sub-cylindrical, 
acuminate, only sparsely branched, tuberculate with conspicu- 
ous conceptacles; plants very dark on drying. 

Growing in the upper sublittoral belt. 


Type: No. 1342, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 72), in April, at Georges Island, Gulf of 
California. 

Arrangement of the species of Sargassum found on the Paci- 
fic Coast of North America according to the system of Agardh 
(1889) as revised by Grunow (1915-1916). 


Subgenus Phyllotrichia 
Tribe V. Dimorphze 


1. S$. Palmeri Grunow 
Subgenus Eusargassum 
Series I. Zygocarpicz 
Tribe I. Carpophyllez 
# Receptacles terete, not spiny. 
¢¢ Rachides terete or nearly so. 

2. S. acinacifolium S. and G. sp. nov. 
3. S. guardiense S. and G. sp. nov. 


on 


18. 


1), 


Si. 
Sy 


HY 


HR HnHY 


S: 


5. 


CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser. 


. lapazeanum S. and G. sp. nov. 


#%# Receptacles 2-edged (subangular), apex and 
margin serrate-dentate. 


. Bryantii S. and G. sp. nov. 


Series I]. Acanthocarpice 
Tribe II. Glomerulatz 
% ® Rhachides terete 
g Cryptostomata conspicuous. 
horridum §S. and G. sp. nov. 
Marchante S. and G. sp. nov. 
g¢ Cryptostomata of leaves either minute or none 


. Liebmanni J. Ag. 


Tribe III. Biserrulz 
# Illicifolia. Leaves more or less oblique at base 
g Leaves ecostate 
Agardhianum J. Ag. 
insulare S. and G. sp. nov. 
Series III. Malacocarpicz 
Tribe VI. Racemosz’ 
# Acinariz 
¢ Cryptostomata almost absent or none 


. Brandegeei S. and G. sp. nov. 


g¢ Cryptostomata more or less conspicuous 
yw Vesicles spherical 


. suuicola S. and G. sp. nov. 
. polyacanthum f. americanum S. and G. f. nov. 


x Glandulariz 
¢ Vesicles elongated, aristate 


. Johnstonu S. and G. sp. nov. 
. Johnstonit £. laxius S. and G. f. nov. 
. Johnstonu f. gracile S. and G. f. nov. 


¢¢ Vesicles spherical 


. cylindrocarpum S. and G. sp. nov. 


XX Siliquosze 
¢ Younger receptacles rather cymose, confluent 


with the fertile rhachis, etc. 
herporhizum S. and G. sp. nov. 
g¢ Younger receptacles swollen on a rhachis, etc. 
paniculatum J. Ag. 


Vou. XII] SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALGH# 741 


RHODOPHYCE/Z 
Family BANGIACE 
ERYTHROTRICHIA Arescuouc, Phyc. Scand., 1850, p. 209 (435 repr.) 
Erythrotrichia polymorpha Howe 


We have noticed scattered specimens, on various hosts, of a 
small, epiphytic red alga forming disks similar to those figured 
by Howe (1914, p. 77, pl. 29) for E. polymorpha. In one in- 
stance, Johnston, no. 32a, on Dictyota hesperia, they are suffi- 
ciently abundant to give the surface of the host a reddish hue. 
In no instance have we been able to observe the erect filaments 
from the center of the disks as figured by Howe (I. c., figs. 8, 
11-14), but according to Howe’s idea the species may even 
come to complete maturity and reproduce without the develop- 
ment of these erect parts. We are placing our specimen here 
provisionally, awaiting further knowledge of the life-history of 
the species. 

Howe, Mar. Alg. Peru, 1914, p. 77. 


GONIOTRICHUM Kuetzine, Phyc. Gen., 1843, p. 244, 
in Linnza, vol. 17, p. 89 


We are not sure as to which one of the above publications 
may claim the priority in the publication of this genus. In 
neither work is reference made to the other. In Linnaea the 
name is a nomen nudum. We are considering the appearance 
in Phycologia Generalis as constituting the original publication. 


Goniotrichum Alsidii (Zanard.) Howe 


Growing sparsely on various species of algae. Seemingly 
particularly characteristic in Johnson, no. 167. 

Howe, Mar. Alg. Peru, 1914, pp. 75, 76. 

For a discussion of the literature and the reasons for the use 
of the above combination, see Howe (Joc. cit.) whom we are 
following in placing this somewhat troublesome alga, trouble- 
some as to its genetic relationship. 


742 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


Family GELIDIACE# 
SCINAIA Bivona-BaRNARDI, Scinaia, etc., in L’'Iride, 1822 


For a discussion of the genus see Setchell, The Scinaia 
Assemb., 1914, p. 79 et seq. 


Scinaia latifrons Howe 


Cast ashore at Guaymas, Mexico, Marchant, nos. 53 and 57. 

Howe, Phyc. studies V, 1911, p. 500; Setchell, loc. cit. 

Several excellent specimens of this elegant species of Scmaia 
were taken at Guaymas. The only other known locality in the 
Gulf of California from which it has been reported is the type 
locality, La Paz. 


Scinaia Johnstone Setchell 


Dredged in 4-9 fathoms, Los Angeles Bay, Lower Cali- 
fornia. Johnston, no. 46. San Pedro Martir Island, Johnston, 
no. 106. Esteban Island, Johnston, no. 114. 

Setchell, The Scinaia Assemb., 1914. p. 97. 

The specimens here cited resemble very closely the type of 
the species as found at San Pedro, California, the type locality. 


GELIDIUM Lamourovux, Essai, 1813, p. 41 (40 repr.) 
Gelidium Johnstonii S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plates 72, 73 and 46, a 


Fronds flattened throughout, 7-12 cm. high, central axis up 
to 3 mm. wide, tapering abruptly at the base, and gradually up- 
wards, dividing irregularly and more or less pinnately above 
into several segments, which in turn are 3-4 times regularly 
and pinnately divided; the ultimate, tetrasporie ramuli de- 
cidedly flattened; the ultimate, cystocarpic ramuli subcylin- 
drical, cystocarps above the center; medulla composed of sparse 
cells and a few small scattered fibers, inner cortex of larger 
cells and abundant fibers, outer cortex of anticlinal rows of 
3-4 cells. 

Growing on rocks in the upper sublittoral belt. San Marcos 
Island, Gulf of California, Johnston, no. 13, June; San Fran- 
cisquito Bay, Lower California, Johnston, no. 27, June. 


Vou. XII} -SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG#& 743 


Type: No. 1343, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 27), in June, at San Francisquito Bay, 
Lower California. 

Gelidium Johnstonii seems to be most closely related to 
Fucus Amansii Lamour. (Diss., 1805, p. 48, pl. 26, figs. 2-5) 
or Gelidium Amansii Lamour. (in Kuetzing, Tab. Phyc., vol. 
18, 1868, p. 16, pl. 44). The original description and the 
figure represent a plant cylindrical throughout, with subdichot- 
omous branching and acute ultimate ramuli. Our plant differs 
from this in being decidedly flattened throughout, and the 
branching is regularly pinnate. G. Johnstonu also resembles 
G. Amansii Okamura (Icon. Jap. Alg., vol. 3, 1913, p. 25, pl. 
106). The tetrasporic ramuli in ours are more flattened and 
spatulate. Okamura does not figure nor describe the structure 
of the frond. We are thus in considerable doubt as to whether 
the two collections are identical, and incline to the belief that 
ours is an entirely distinct and undescribed species. 


Gelidium decompositum S. and G. sp. noy. 


Plate 71 


Fronds flattened throughout, 6-9 cm. high, central axis up to 
1.5 mm. wide, dividing irregularly into 4-7 primary branches, 
these in turn are densely 4-5 pinnately branched, pinnz of each 
different order variable in length, nearly perpendicular to the 
axis of origin, many recurved, those of the third and fourth 
order often densely matted together; fibers absent in terminal 
and subterminal ramuli, scattered along the edges of the me- 
dulla of medium ramuli, scattered through the medulla in prim- 
ary axes; cortex of a single row of palisade cells, subcortex of 
larger thick-walled cells; fruiting conditions unknown. 

Growing on rocks in the lower littoral belt. 


Type: No. 1344, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 23), in June, at San Francisquito Bay, 
Lower California. 

Gelidium decompositum differs chiefly from G. Johnstonii, 
with which it seems somewhat closely related, in the greater 
irregularlity of the length of the pinnze which are mostly very 
decidedly crowded together and stand more nearly perpendi- 


744 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


cular to the parts from which they arise, and in being smaller 
in all of their dimensions. The sub-cortex, and especially the 
cells of the medulla are decidedy larger and thicker walled. 


Family GIGARTINACEZ 
GIGARTINA Stacxuouse, Mém, soc. nat. Mosce., II, 1809 
Gigartina Chauvinii (Bory) Mont. 
Plate 46b and plate 70 


Growing on rocks. San Esteban Island, Gulf of California, 
Johnston, no. 53, April; Georges Island, Gulf of California, 
Johnston, no. 101, April. 

Montagne, Voyage Bonite, p. 72. Sphaerococcus Chauvint 
Bory, Voyage Coquille, no. 58, p. 165, pl. 26. Chondroclonium 
Chauvimt Kuetzing, Tab. Phyc., vol. 17, 1867, pl. 70. 

We have a series of plants listed under the above mentioned 
numbers which seem to be very close to the Sphaerococcus 
Chauvini of Bory, based upon the material collected by Lesson 
and Durville at Concepcion, Chile. Bory was confronted with 
the same difficulties, apparently, which have confronted us, viz. 
—a series of forms without any accompanying data as regards 
their habitat, variability, etc., and hence he finally grouped 
them under one species with three forms, a Jatissimus, g inter- 
medwus andy angustus. Plate 70 may be taken as representing 
his widest form, and plate 46, figure b, as representing his nar- 
rowest form. Critical study of these various forms in their 
native habitat may reveal them to be distinct entities with wide, 
though limited, variations. For the present, with the scanty 
material at hand, we are grouping them all under one species. 


Gigartina sp. 


Johnston, no. 10a, represents a single small plant which 
seems to be unlike any known species. The specimen is sterile, 
and seems to be close to G. tenella Harvey. We are not ven- 
turing to name it. 


Vor, XII) SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG& 745 


GYMNOGONGRUS Maazttus, FI. Bras., I, 1833, p. 27 
Gymnogongrus carnosus S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 47, a, and plate 22, fig. 1 


Fronds 7-10 cm. high, attached by a small disk-shaped hold- 
fast, irregularly and subdichotomously branched, more or less 
flattened throughout, somewhat cartilaginous, gelatinizing 
readily in fresh water after drying; color purplish red; cysto- 
carps relatively small, completely immersed in the tissues of the 
frond ; tetraspores and antheridia unknown; medulla composed 
of large, rounded, thickwalled cells merging gradually into 
smaller subspherical cells of the subcortex, merging in turn into 
anticlinal rows of small, thick-walled cortical cells, 6-9 ina row. 

Cast ashore. 


Type: No. 1345, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 102), in April, at San Pedro Martir Island, 
Gulf of California. 

The combination of characters of this species is not such as 
to make it unmistakably a member of the genus Gymnogon- 
grus. It has a Gigartinaceous cystocarp, and the histological 
characters are mainly those of Gymnogongrus. The very gela- 
tinous nature of the cell-walls, however, is quite different from 
those of all the known species of the genus. 


DICRANEMA Sonoer, Nova Algarum, 1845, p. 56 
Dicranema rosaliz S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 22, fig. 6 


Fronds 2-4 cm. high, 350-450 » diam., sparsely and irregu- 
larly branched, cylindrical, tapering upwards to acute apices; 
medulla composed of a small group of compact, thick-walled, 
elongated cells, surrounded by about two layers of large, 
rounded thick-walled cells, with a few small angular cells inter- 
spersed just beneath the single layer of cortical cells more or 
less cubical in form; reproduction unknown. 

Cast ashore. Santa Rosalia, across the bay from Guaymas, 
Mexico. Type, Marchant, no. 103. 


746 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc, 47H Ser. 


Unfortunately all of the specimens of this species are sterile. 
We are placing them under Dicranema, basing our judgment 
wholly upon the vegetative characters. 


CALLOPHYLLIS Kuetzine, Phyc. Gen., 1843, p. 400, pl. 69, fig. 2, 
in Linnea, vol. 17, 1843, p. 102 (nom. nud.) 


Callophyllis Johnstonii S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 51, a, b 


Fronds 6-8 cm. high, 2-4 mm. wide, mostly tapering gradu- 
ally upwards and more or less acute, consistency mucilaginous, 
color purplish, branching dichotomous to subdichotomous, 
angles relatively acute; medulla composed of thick-walled large 
cells, becoming smaller gradually outwards and interspersed 
with fine filaments; cortical cells small, easily separating into 
branched tufts; cystocarps scattered over the “disk” of the 
frond, numerous and prominent, often elongated lengthwise 
of the frond, with a single carpostome, not rostrate ; antheridial 
plants thin and delicate; tetraspores unknown. 

Growing on rocks in the upper sublittoral! belt. 


Type: No. 1346, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 118), in June, at Tortuga Island, Gulf of 
California. 

We have but a few specimens of this genus which seems suf- 
ficiently amply distinct from all known species to warrant its 
publication. Some specimens have, in addition to the regular 
larger branches, rows of short, closely set fimbrize which bear 
fruit. 


CALLYMENIA AGarovH, J. G., Alge Med., 1842, p. 98 
The original spelling is Kallymenia. The genus was founded 
upon Rhodomema Requienti J. Ag., Symb., 1841, p. 12. 
Callymenia pertusa S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 49, b 


Fronds thin and flabby, indefinite in form and size, rose 
colored, perforations numerous, relatively large, nearly circu- 
lar, smooth; medulla composed of much branched, intertwined 


Vor. XII) SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG 747 


filaments passing rather abruptly on either side into a few rela- 
tively large angular cells in turn merging into short, 2-4 celled 
anticlinal rows, forming the cortex, the terminal cells in the 
rows being 4-6 » diam., and 2-3 times as long; reproduction 
unknown. 

Cast ashore. 


Type: No. 1347, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 105), in April, at San Pedro Martir Island, 
Gulf of California. 

Unfortunately the plants of this collection are too fragmen- 
tary and sterile to permit a complete diagnosis of the species. 
The habit is different from C. perforata J. Ag. and the per- 
forations are different from those of C. cribrosa Harvey, while 
the structure is different from both. 


Family RHODOPHYLLIDACEE 


ANATHECA Scumitz, in Schmitz and Hauptfl., Rhodophyllidacez, 
im Engler and Prantl, Nattirl. Pflanzenfam., 1896, p. 374 


Anatheca elongata S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 22, figs. 4, 5 and plate 69 


Frond 15-18 cm. high, 5-8 mm. wide, irregularly branching 
into several elongated erect segments, and into numerous, 
short, subulate, perpendicular marginal pinne; medulla com- 
posed of a few small compact filaments, merging directly into 
large, rounded thick-walled parenchymatous cells with abundant 
contents, these becoming smaller, somewhat elongated radially 
and terminating in 2-3 layers of small, angular cortical cells; 
tetrasporangia 70-80 m long, tetraspores zonate, terminal ones 
more or less conical; cystocarps and antheridia unknown. 

Cast ashore. 


Type: No. 1348, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 107), in April, at San Pedro Martir Island, 
Gulf of California. 

The structure of this species of Anatheca is very similar to 
that of A. furcata S. and G. (1903, p. 310, pls. 23, 24) from 
Whidbey Island, Washington, but the plants are very much 


748 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Sgr. 


longer and narrower and the branching distinctly different. It 
is a much larger and coarser plant in every way than A. dicho- 
toma Howe (1911, p. 502, pl. 29) from the Gulf of California. 


EUCHEUMA Acarou, J. G., Nya Alg., 1847, p. 16 
Eucheuma uncinatum S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plates 67, 68 


Fronds cylindrical, cartilaginous, 15-20 cm, up to 33 cm. 
high, 3-5 mm. diam., attached by a parenchymatous disk, 
branching freely into numerous long, slender, acute branches 
beginning near the base, all densely clothed with short, more 
or less branched, acute, uncinate, spinose, fructiferous ramull; 
cystocarps occupying the base of the ramuli; antheridial and 
tetrasporic ramuli much more branched and uncinate than the 
cystocarpic ; color purplish red. 

Growing on rocks. San Francisquito Bay, Lower Cali- 
fornia, Johnston, no. 28, June; San Esteban Island, Gulf of 
California, Johnston, no. 54, April; Isla Partida, Gulf of Cali- 
fornia, Johnston, no. 80, July; Angel de la Guarda Island, Gulf 
of California, Johnston, no. 84a; North San Lorenzo Island, 
Gulf of California, Johnston, no. 86, June; San Esteban Island, 
Gulf of California, Johnston, no. 109, April; and Mazatlan, 
Mexico, Marchant, nos. 62 and 63, May. 


Type: No. 1349, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 86), in May, at North San Lorenzo Island, 
Gulf of California. - 

The distinguishing characteristic of the species is the numer- 
ous branched, acute, uncinate ramuli. The ramuli are rarely 
branched, however, in the cystocarpic plants, which we have 
considered to belong to the species. 


Eucheuma Johnstonii S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 25, fig. 42 and plates 65, 66 


Fronds cylindrical, cartilaginous, 40-50 cm. high, 3-6 mm. 
diam., gradually attenuated to acute apices ; main frond extend- 
ing nearly to the apex, profusely and alternately branched, 
branches of several orders, ultimate ramuli of short, acute 


Vor. XII) SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALGE 749 


spines, irregularly placed; cystocarps unknown; tetrasporangia 
80-100 » long, 30-40 » broad; tetraspores zonate, very unequal 
in size, the two terminal ones apparently abortive. 

Growing on rocks. 


Type: No. 1350, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (Nos. & and 88b, tetrasporic plants), in June and 
July, at Angel de la Guarda Island, Gulf of California. 


The plants of this species are apparently the largest that 
have yet been reported. The largest specimen measured over 
fifty centimeters and was broken off at the base so that the full 
length could not be ascertained. The extreme inequality in size 
of the tetraspores, so far as we are aware, has not before been 
reported. From the relatively small size of the two terminal 
ones in the sporangium, it would seem that they must be sterile. 
They are represented on plate 25, figure 42. 


GELIDIOPSIS Scumitz, Mar. Florid., 1895, vol. 21, p. 148 
Gelidiopsis tenuis S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 22, fig. 2 


Fronds 2-3 cm. high, 0.5-0.8 mm. diam., cylindrical, sparsely 
and alternately branched, long-attenuated, acute; reproduction 
unknown. 


Cast ashore. Santa Rosalia, near Guaymas, Mexico. Type, 
Marchant, no. 104. 


We have very little data upon which to base this species since 
all of the scanty material at our disposal is sterile. The struc- 
ture of the fronds seems clearly that of a Gelidiopsis, and the 
size and method of branching seem to be distinct, differing 
sufficiently from all the few known species to warrant giving to 
it specific rank, awaiting further data with which to verify the 
conclusion. The medullary structure is denser than that of G. 
variabilis Harvey, from Ceylon. 


750 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser. 


GRACILARIA Grevittz, Alg. Brit., 1830, p..121 - 
Gracilaria Vivesii Howe 
Plate 64 


Cast ashore. Guaymas, Mexico, Marchant, no. 55. 

Howe, Phyc. Studies V, 1911, p. 503, pls. 30 and 33. 

The type locality of G. Vivesii is La Paz, Lower California. 
Although we have fairly extensive collections by Johnston, 
Marchant and Brandegee from this locality, nothing among 
them seems to agree with Howe’s description and figures of the 
species. The specimens which we have here allied with this 
species seem to agree perfectly so far as color, form and struc- 
ture are concerned. The plant figured on plate 64 is consider- 
ably larger (about twenty-four centimeters high) than the 
measurements given by Howe for his La Paz plant, but this is 
the largest of several specimens in the collection, and has a few 
more dichotomies than the type. We have a single plant with 
young cystocarps, rather sparsely scattered over the frond. 
The other specimens are sterile. Howe had only sterile and 
antheridial plants. 


Gracilaria lichenoides (L.) Harv. 


Growing in the sublittoral belt. Coyote Bay, or Concepcion 
Bay, Lower California, Johnston, no. 14, June. 

Harvey, Alg. Tasm., 1844, p. 445. 

The plants of this collection are sterile. They have the habit 
of Fucus lichenoides of Turner (Fuci, vol. 2, 1809, pl. 118) 
although they resemble G. confervoides as figured by Harvey, 
in Phyc. Brit., vol. 1, 1846, pl. 65. There is a rather more 
abrupt transition to two layered cortex than in the plant figured 
by Kuetzing for G. lichenoides in Tab. Phyc., vol. 18, 1858, pl. 
81, b, otherwise the structure is practically the same. 


Gracilaria vivipara S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 24, figs. 28, 29 and plate 63 


Fronds flat, 15-20 cm. up to 30 cm. high, 1.5-2.5 cm. up to 
4 cm. wide, branching sub-dichotomous to flabellate-poly- 
tomous, segments decidedly cuneate, apices rounded, more or 


Vor. XII} SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALGZ 751 


less rolled along the margin, with numerous proliferations of 
various shapes; main fronds up to 600 » thick in the lower 
parts, terminal lobes much thinner; medulla composed of 4-5 
more or less indefinite layers of thick-walled, subspherical cells, 
up to 400 » diam., and with very sparse contents; the medulla 
merging rather abruptly into the subcortical tissue composed of 
a few rounded cells abundantly supplied with contents, and 
these merging into the cortex composed of 2-3 layers of cuboi- 
dal cells or at times slightly elongated radially; cuticle up to 
10 » thick; tetrasporangia numerous, distributed over the main 
parts of the fronds; cystocarps rather sparse, distributed over 
the frond ; antheridia unknown; color dark violet purple. 

Dredged from 4-6 fathoms. Smith Island, Gulf of Cali- 
fornia, Johnston, no. 61, June. 


Type: No. 1351, Herb. Calif. Acad Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 36), in June, at Los Angeles Bay, Lower 
California. 

This species of Gracilaria resembles in general form no other 
described species of the genus. It is much larger than G. Cun- 
nmghanui Farlow, much more proliferous and flabby than 
either G. Vivesii Howe or G. peruana Picc. and Grun., and is 
decidedly different from G. Johnstoniti of this paper, although 
it seems to have its nearest relatives in these species. 


Gracilaria pinnata S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 61 


Fronds flattened, sub-cartilaginous, 8-10 cm. high, 3-4 mm. 
wide, pinnately branched, the branches and terminal pinules all 
tapering gradually to acuminate apices ; marginal pinules either 
alternate or secund; medulla composed of elongated cells in 
transverse section, decreasing in size toward the margins; cor- 
tex composed of 2 layers of small cuboidal cells; reproduction 
unknown; color purplish red. 

Dredged in 4-6 fathoms. 


Type: No. 1352, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 44), in June, at Los Angeles Bay, Lower 
California. 


752 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Serr. 


The basal portions of all of the plants in this collection are 
lacking. The plants, however, have the appearance of being 
nearly complete. They are all sterile. The method of branch- 
ing and flatness of fronds allies them with J. G. Agardh’s sub- 
genus Podeum, but it does not agree with any of the species 
described under this section of the genus. 


Gracilaria sinicola S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 62 


Fronds dark flesh colored, decidedly coriaceous, 15-20 cm. 
up to 30 cm. high, 2-3 cm. wide, dichotomously branched 4-6 
times, segments only slightly cuneate, margins smooth, entire 
or at times slightly proliferous; terminal segments blunt, 
rounded, angles rounded; medulla composed of large rounded 
cells, merging into a few small spherical subcortical cells ; cor- 
tex composed of 4-6 layers of small cuboidal cells, the surface 
layer two times as long radially as broad; cuticle 8-10 » thick; 
cystocarps and antheridia unknown; tetrasporangia abundant, 
spread over the whole surface of the upper parts of the frond. 


Type: No. 1353, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 108), in April, at San Esteban Island, Gulf 
of California. 

Gracilaria sinicola is closely related to G. Vivesu Howe but 
the fronds are more rigid and coriaceous, are darker colored, 
have more acute angles, longer segments and a thicker cortex. 


Gracilaria Johnstonii S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 22, figs. 11-14 and plate 60 


Fronds coriaceous, flat, 12-18 cm. up to 28 cm. high, 1-1.5 
cm. wide, branching mostly poly-chotomous, segments mostly 
narrowed below, margins smooth, free from proliferations, 
terminal segments blunt, round, angles mostly rounded, color 
purplish red; medulla composed of large thick-walled cells 
merging into smaller, more or less spherical storage cells; cor- 
tex composed of 3-5 layers of small cells; cuticle 8-10 » thick; 


Vox. XII) SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALGZ 753 


tetrasporangia numerous, scattered over the upper parts of the 
whole frond ; cystocarps numerous, large and prominent, some- 
what flattened ; antheridia unknown. 

Growing on rocks in the upper sublittoral belt. 


Type: No. 1354, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M., Johnston (No. 62), in July, at Isla Partida, Gulf of Cali- 
fornia. 

Gracilaria Johnstonti resembles in habit some of the wider 
forms of G. multipartita (Clem.) Harv. but the smallest speci- 
mens are larger than the widest of that species. 


Gracilaria pachydermatica S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 24, figs. 30, 31 ~ 


Fronds attached by a small disk, cylindrical to slightly flat- 
tened, caespitose, 3-5 cm. high, 1.5-2.5 mm. diam., branching 
dichotomous, angles acute, color coral red; medulla composed 
of cells relatively uniform in size, nearly circular in cross sec- 
tion, merging almost directly into the cortex composed of 2-3 
layers of cells except towards the base where it becomes 10-20 
cells thick, parenchymatous, arranged in radial rows; reproduc- 
tion unknown. 

Growing on rocks in the upper sublittoral belt. 


Type: No. 1355, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 122), in June, at Tortuga Island, Gulf of 
California. 

The habit of Gracilaria pachydermatica is close to the habit 
of Spherococcus obtusus Kuetzing, (Tab. Phyc., vol. 19, 1869, 
pl. 21) from Ceylon. The fronds are more regularly dichot- 
omous, much more densely cespitose, and has the much 
thickened cortex on the stipe. Nothing is known of the repro- 
duction in either species. 


Gracilaria crispata S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 22, figs. 7-10 and plate 44, a 


Fronds complanate throughout, 4-7 cm. high, 400-600 » 
thick, attached by a very small disk; color dark purplish red; 
branching polytomous into several distinct main branches, each 


754 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4H Ser. 


again dividing into several smaller segments with crisped mar- 
gins and finally terminating in very numerous fine flattened 
ramuli; fronds composed of 3-5 layers of medullary cells very 
variable in size, up to 200 » diam. and subspherical, merging 
into 2-3 layers of smaller subcortical cells giving rise to anti- 
clinal rows of 2-4 cells, the outer usually considerably elon- 
gated ; cuticle 4-6 » thick; tetrasporangia among the anticlinal 
cells, 40 » long, 30 » broad; antheridia arising from subcortical 
cells, borne in pockets irregular in shape and size surrounded 
by elongated cortical cells; mature cystocarps wholly super- 
ficial, scattered over the whole frond, mostly apiculate, placen- 
te narrow at base, extending upward and branching in all di- 
rections. 

Cast ashore. Eureka, near La Paz, Lower California. Type, 
Marchant, no. 51, May. 

Gracilaria crispata has very much the same habit as G. Mu- 
lardetti (Mont.) J. Ag. in the section Podeum of J. Agardh 
(Epicr., p. 422) but has apparently more of the structure of 
the members of his section, Pachycladia. Our plants are much 
smaller and much more profusely branched, especially so at 
the outer ends of the secondary branches. The placenta of the 
cystocarp has a structure worthy of note as being quite dis- 
tinct from any which have been described in the genus. Con- 
trary to the general rule, the base of the placenta is relatively 
small. The sterile, almost parenchymatous, mass of cell ex- 
tends upward through the cavity of the cystocarp, branches 
in all directions, and finally terminates in simple spore bearing 
threads, giving rise to chains of carpospores. 

The antheridia are similar to those described by Howe 
(Phyc. Studies, 1911, p. 503, pl. 33, figs. 1-5) in G. Vivesit, 
but the crypts are not so extensive as he illustrates for that 
species. The tetrasporangia are of the characteristic type, and 
occur in the narrow cortex of the anticlinal cells. The cortex 
in the cystocarpic plants is composed quite uniformly of two 
cells in the anticlinal rows except in the wall of the cystocarp 
which has several cells in a row. There is a much more 
abrupt change from the subcortical cells to the anticlinal cells 
than in either the tetrasporic or the antheridial plants. The 


Vor. XII] | SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALGE 755 


antheridial plants are more laciniately divided and are less 
crisped along the margins than either the tetrasporic or cysto- 
carpic plants. 


Gracilaria subsecundata S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 23, figs. 26, 27 and plate 59 


Fronds subcylindrical, attached by a small disk, 10-14 cm. 
high, 1-2 mm. wide, branching variable, dichotomous, dichot- 
omopalmate, distichous and secund, attenuated upwards and 
acute; medullary cells more or less angular, irregular in shape 
and size, merging into smaller parenchymatous cells radially 
elongated, these terminating in anticlinal rows 3-4 cells long; 
cystocarps and antheridia unknown; tetrasporangia of the 
usual Gracilaria type. 

Cast ashore. Guaymas, Mexico. Type, Marchant, no. 56, 
May. 

This species of Gracilaria is decidedly distinct from all of 
the others collected in the Gulf of California, and indeed 
seems to have no close relative outside of the Gulf. The rela- 
tively delicate acute fronds and the diversity of methods of 
branching are distinguishing characters. 


Gracilaria lacerata S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 51, C 


Frond flattened, 6-8 cm. high, 2-5 cm. wide, color dark 
coral red, branching more or less irregular, margins somewhat 
proliferous, serrate, with scattered teeth, lenticular in cross 
section; medulla composed of thin-walled parenchymatous 
cells, surrounded by a few small angular cells, the whole 
clothed in a single layer of small, cuboidal cortical cells ; cysto- 
carps and antheridia unknown. 

Cast ashore. Santa Rosalia, near Guaymas, Mexico. Type, 
Marchant, no. 102, May. 

The plants of this species apparently have been subjected to 
abnormal treatment. They are covered with foreign material, 
and appear to be more or less battered. The tetrasporic plants 
have the characteristic tetraspores of the genus. It undoubt- 
edly belongs to J. Agardh’s section Podeum, and is possibly 


756 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc, 4rH Sra 


near to G. corticata J. Ag. and to G. dentata J. Ag., but is more 
lacerate or dentate than the former, and broader, thinner and 
less acutely dentate than the latter. 


Gracilaria sp. 
Plate 58 


We have a few sterile specimens, Johnston, no. 123, of a 
species which seems to belong to the genus Gracilaria, and is 
well illustrated as to size and method of branching on plate 
58. The structure is somewhat different from typical Gract- 
laria and having no fruit we list it here under this genus 
without a name. 


Gracilaria sp. 


We have three fragments of plants under Marchant, no. 64, 
which have the general appearance of Gracilaria confervoides 
but whose structure is quite different from the structure of 
that species as represented by Thuret and Bornet in Etudes 
Phycologiques, plate 40. The fronds are cylindrical, slightly 
branched and long attenuate. The medullary cells are up to 
300 » in diameter and change rather abruptly into two or three 
layers of smaller cells and finally these into anticlinal rows of 
four to six cells. 

It is possibly near to Gracilaria dura (Ag.) J. Ag., but is 
much less branched than that species. We list it here with the 
hope that better material may be found, when its correct 
classification may then be made out. 


CORALLOPSIS Grevitte, Alg. Brit, Syn., 1830, p. LIII 
Corallopsis excavata S. and G. sp. nov. 


Plate 23, figs. 24, 25 and plates 44, b, and 48 


Fronds terete, czspitose, 8-14 cm. high, 1-2 mm. diam., 
attached at first by a small disk, later by branched, creeping 
filaments or fronds, giving rise to numerous erect fronds; 
branching on all sides, alternate or opposite, often becoming 
fasciculate at the top, at times producing whorls of short, 


Vou. XII] SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG 757 


subulate ramuli mostly at the nodes; young plants and terminal 
ramuli of mature plants, particularly tetrasporic plants, deeply 
constricted at regular intervals forming fusiform segments, 
medulla composed of a loose network of fine filaments in the 
tetrasporic region, terminating toward the surface in anticlinal 
rows of cortical cells; in the vegetative region composed of 
narrow, parenchymatous cells elongated lengthwise of the fila- 
ments, merging into large cells, cells of the subcortex and 
terminating in short anticlinal rows of the cortex; color dark 
coral red; tetrasporangia numerous in cavities opening at 
several points in the fusiform segments, or internodes; tetra- 
spores variable, mostly cruciate; cystocarps numerous, very 
prominent spherical to urn-shaped, placentz large, dense, much 
elevated, pericarp thick, composed of anticlinal rows of small 
dense cells, carpostome small, single, carpospores very numer- 
ous, 7-10 » diam., in radiating rows from the large placenta; 
antheridia unknown. 

Growing on rocks in the upper sublittoral belt. San Marcos 
Island, Johnston, no. 12, June; Tortuga Island, Johnston, no 
21, June; Isla Partida, Johnston, no. 59, July; San Esteban 
Island, Johnston, no. 116, April; Angel de la Guarda Island, 
Johnston, nos. 129 and 130, June, all in the Gulf of Cali- 
fornia. 


Type: No. 1356, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 59 with tetraspores, and No. 21 with cysto- 
carps), in June and July, at Tortuga Island and Isla Partida, 
Gulf of California. 

This interesting and apparently unique plant seems to be 
pretty generously distributed in the Gulf. We are in some 
doubt as to the genus to which it belongs. Judging from the 
description only, of the genus Corallopsis Grev., it seems best 
for the present to ally it with that genus. We have no speci- 
mens of any species of the genus for comparison. Indeed, 
most of the species have been imperfectly described. Its 
internal structure is differentiated into three tissues, whereas 
the description of the genus calls for only two. The structure 
of the cystocarp agrees very well with the generic description. 
Tetraspores have been described in only one species, viz.; C. 
aculeata (Her.) Holmes (New Mar. Alg., 1894, p. 336, pl. 18, 


758 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Sgr, 


fig. 16-20). The tetraspores in this species are regularly cruci- 
ate, but are developed near the surface in the anticlinal rows. 
The tetraspores of ours are developed in cavities extending to 
the center of the swollen, almost moniliform, portions of the 
ramuli. The tetraspores escape through numerous openings 
on the surface (plate 23, fig 25). We know of no other plant 
which has tetraspores borne in this way. It may thus become 
necessary, after a careful study of the species, especially of the 
antheridial plants, to create a new genus for its reception. 


HYPNEA Lamourovx, Essai, 1813, p. 43 
Hypnea pannosa J. Ag. 


A few scattered specimens of a Hypnea which seems to 
belong to this species have been found among the Johnston 


specimens. 
J. G. Agardh, Nya. Alg., 1847, p. 14. 


Hypnea Johnstonii S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 23, fig. 19-21 and plate 57 


Fronds densely czespitose, 7-10 em. high, 1.5-2.5 mm. diam. 
freely branching near the decumbent base into long, rigid, 
tapering branches, these in turn producing numerous, aculeate 
ramuli on all sides, gradually reduced in length towards the 
apices; apices rounded, not terminated by a single cell; tetra- 
sporangia borne on very short, densely branched, acuminate, 
fructiferous ramuli not constricted at the base; tetraspores 
zonate; cystocarps and antheridia unknown; color dark red. 

Growing on rocks in the upper sublittoral belt. Tortuga 
Island, Culf of California, Johnston, no. 125, May; Angel de 
la Guarda Island, Gulf of California, Johnston, no. 1, June. 


Type: No. 1357, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 1), in June, at Angel de la Guarda Island, 
Gulf of California. 


Vox. XIT) SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALGE 759 


Hypnea Marchante S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 23, figs. 22, 23 and plates 42, a, and 56 


Fronds cespitose, 8-14 cm., up to 20 cm., high, up to 1 mm. 
diam., branching very irregular, of 5-8 orders, becoming 
smaller at each successive branching and more or less con- 
torted, clothed throughout with short, relatively simple, per- 
pendicular, sterile branches of varying lengths and in part with 
densely crowded, subulate, acute, more or less branched, fructif- 
erous ramuli; tetrasporangia in swollen parts of the ramuli, 
usually some distance from the broad base; antheridia and 
cystocarps unknown; ramuli terminating in a single growing 
cell. : 

Cast ashore. Eureka, near La Paz, Lower California. 
Type, Marchant, no. 48, May. 

This species is to be distinguished from H. Johnstonii in 
being much longer, more delicate, in having more orders of 
branching, more densely crowded, less branched and more 
attenuate fructiferous ramuli, and in having a single apical cell 
instead of a group. 


CORDYLECLADIA J. é AGarRbH, Sp. Alg., vol. 2, 1852, p. 702 


Cordylecladia lemanzformis ( Bory) Howe 


“Sublittoral, on sandy beach. Very common.” Los Angeles 
Bay, Lower California, Johnston, no. 35, June; La Paz, Lower 
California, Johnston, no. 48, April, and Marchant, no. 69, 
May. 

Howe, Mar. Alg. Peru, 1914, p. 128. Gigartina lemane- 
formis Bory, Voy. Coquille, Bot. Crypt., 1828, p. 151. 
Cordylecladia Andersonii Grun. (in part) im Piccone Alg. 
Vettor Pisani 1886, p. 62. 

We have a series of fine specimens of plants which we are 
referring to this species. They very much resemble some forms 
of Gracilaria confervoides, but they are much more profusely 
branched, decidedly more delicate, longer attenuate upward 
and are acute. The medulla is composed of large parenchyma- 
tous cells, merging abruptly into a rather thick cortex, com- 
posed of very small cells. The cystocarps are external, quite 


760 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser. 


small, and somewhat flattened, with a broad flattened placenta. 
The color is light brown to almost black. The plant agrees 
fairly well with Bory’s description (loc. cit.) and in part with 
that of Grunow (Joc. cit.) who based his description of C. An- 
dersoni in part upon plants collected by d’Urville at Paita, 
Peru, and in part upon plants collected by Anderson on the 
coast of California, but our knowledge of the species comes 
through the description and figure of Howe. 


Family BONNEMAISONIACEZ 
ASPARAGOPSIS Montaene, Phyt. Canar., 1840, p. XV 
Asparagopsis Sanfordiana f. amplissima S. and G. f. nov. 
Plate 22, fig. 3 and plate 41 


Fronds up to 25 cm. high, several arising from creeping fila- 
ments attached to rocks at various points; primary branches 
very densely crowded, plumose, 3-5 cm. long, arising on all 
sides ; antheridia in dense cylindrical clusters at the ends of the 
ramuli. 

Cast ashore. Eureka, near La Paz, Lower California. Type, 
Marchant, no. 37. 

This form differs from the species principally in being much 
more ample in all of the upper branching portions. Appar- 
ently the antheridia have not previously been seen. We are de- 
scribing and figuring them here. 


Family RHODOMELACE# 
LAURENCIA Lamouroux, Essai, 1813, p. 42 
Laurencia obtusiuscula S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 23, fig. 17 and plate 55 


Fronds 10-18 cm. high, terete; main axis mostly percurrent, 
1-2 mm. diam.; secondary branches distant, alternately 
branched on all sides, all of the branches being long and slen- 
der and more or less crooked; color dark purple. The short 
lateral branches bearing the fructifications sub-verticellate; 
fructiferous ramuli several, frequently themselves branched, 
arising on all sides, forming conical shaped groups; cells of the 


—e 


Vou. XII) SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG 761 


main axis 25-35 » diam., 2.5-3.5 times as long, ellipsoidal; 
cells of the fructiferous ramuli equilateral or slightly wider 
than long; cystocarps lateral on the ramuli, occupying the posi- 
tion of ultimate ramuli, flaskshaped with short neck, sessile, 
600-700 » diam.; tetrasporic ramuli cylindrical, up to 500 » 
diam., blunt, scarcely constricted at the base; antheridia un- 
known. 

Cast ashore. Eureka, near La Paz, Lower California, Mar- 
chant, nos. 40 and 46; La Paz, Lower California, Marchant, 
10. 67. Type, Marchant, no. 46, May. 

Laurencia obtusiuscula seems, from its structure and general 
habit of growth, to be related rather closely to L. papillosa 
(Forsk.) Grev. but it differs very decidedly from that species 
as represented by Kuetzing (Tab. Phyc., vol. 15, pl. 62, a, b) 
in the character of the fructiferous ramuli. Those of L. ob- 
tusiuscula are cylindrical while those of-L. papillosa are very 
short and broadly clavate, the younger ones subspherical. It 
seems best to coincide with the characters set forth by J. 
Agardh (Epicr., 1876, p. 653) for his group “Obtusz,” and is 
probably close to L. obtusa (Huds.) Lamour. or some de- 
scribed form. 


Laurencia obtusiuscula var. corymbifera S. and G. var. nov. 


Plate 23, figs. 15, 16 and plate 45, b 


Fronds 4-7 mm. high, branching at the base into several 
main branches, ramuli sub-verticellate, the ultimate fructiferous 
ramuli crowded on short branches forming dense clusters ; cys- 
tocarps and antheridia unknown; tetrasporic ramuli cylindrical, 
slightly constricted at the base. 

Growing on rocks in the upper sublittoral belt. 


Type: No. 1358, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 18b), in June, at Tortuga Island, Gulf of 
California. 

A few specimens of this plant were separated from a collec- 
tion from Tortuga Island which resemble those which we have 
called L. obtusiuscula. They differ decidedly in general aspects 
as comparison of the figures of the two, as here produced, 
readily show. The plants of var. corymbifera are much smaller, 


762 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc, 4TH San. 


however we are unable to state whether these are typical speci- 
mens or otherwise. The tetrasporic plants are all wnich we 
have for study and these bear a close resemblance to L. corym- 
bifera Kuetz. (Tab. Phyc., vol. 15, pl. 56, a, b) the tetrasporic 
ramuli are more numerous, however, and are not disposed in 
quite the same manner, and are more nearly cylindrical. If fur- 
ther discoveries should reveal these to be typical plants, the 
variety should doubtless be given specific rank. 


Laurencia obtusiuscula var. laxa S. and G. var. noy. 
Plate 29, fig. 67 and plate 52, b 


Fronds 5-8 cm. high, up to 1 mm. diam., branching into 
several main branches, ramuli less numerous and more scat- 
tered than in the species; cystocarps and antheridia unknown. 

Cast ashore. Guaymas, Mexico. Type, Marchant, no. 41, 
May. 

We have but a few tetrasporic specimens of this plant upon 
which to base our judgment. They are very much smaller in 
general stature and much less profusely branched than L. obtu- 
siuscula. The characters of the cells and of the tetrasporic 
ramuli agree very well with L. obtusiscula. Further investi- 
gation to determine the typical size, and the discovery of cysto- 
carpic and antheridial plants may reveal characters sufficiently 
different to warrant specific rank for it. 


Laurencia paniculata (Ag.) J. Ag. f. 


Growing on rocks in the lower littoral belt. San Francis- 
quito Bay, Lower California, Johnston, no. 30b, June; Isla 
Partida, Gulf of California, Johnston, no. 69, June. 

The plants of these collections agree fairly well with the de 
scriptions of L. paniculata J. Ag. (not L. paniculata Kuetz.) 
and with Kuetzing’s figure of L. glandulifera (Tab. Phyc., 
vol. 15, pl. 59, fig. c). Howe (Phyc. Studies V, p. 508) listed 
a plant of the Vives collection under L. paniculata from La 
Paz, Lower California. The plants of the Johnston collection 
are probably of the same species. Howe states that the Vives’ 
plants are more slender and the ultimate branches more elon- 
gate than the specimens under that name distributed from 


Vor. XII] SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG 763 


Southern California in Phycotheca Boreali-Americana, no. 
1093. Our plants are likewise more slender and smaller and 
not so regularly branched as are the California specimens. 
We have not had any authentic specimens of L. paniculata J. 
Ag. for comparison, but judging from the descriptions alone, 
we feel that our plants are not identical with Agardh’s. The 
surface cells throughout the whole length of the main axis are 
of about the same dimensions, approximately 20 » across, and 
occasionally slightly longer than broad. The semiwhorled ar- 
rangement of the ultimate ramuli are the same in the Johnston 
plants as is figured by Kuetzing for L. glandulifera. More 
critical study will be required to establish definitely the specific 
rank of these forms. 


Laurencia estebaniana S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 24, fig. 34 and plate 45, a 


Fronds more or less compressed, 7-10 cm. high, 2-4 mm. 
broad, considerably distorted; main stem somewhat percurrent 
with branches at times nearly as long, branching pinnate to 
alternate, subdistichous, with branches more or less decurrent, 
fructiferous ramuli in dense glomerules on short ramuli, the 
glomerules at times distichous and sub-opposite, at times alter- 
nate or more or less verticellate; the antheridial ramuli numer- 
ous, short-turbinate; tetrasporic and cystocarpic ramuli nearly 
cylindrical ; surface cells on the main frond 10-14 » diam., 1.5-2 
times as long as broad, on the fructiferous ramuli length less 
than the diameter; antheridia in dense, much branched pyra- . 
midal clusters, the apical cell of each main cluster pedicellate, 
sub-spherical, 20-25 » long, 16-20 » broad; antheridia 2-3 p 
diam. 

Growing on rocks at San Esteban Island, no. 53c, in April 
and Smith Island, no. 89, in June. 


Type: No. 1359, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 53c), in April, at San Esteban Island, Gulf 
of California. 

Laurencia estebaniana seems to have no close relatives on 
the Pacific Coast. It clearly belongs to Group IV, Pinnatifide,, 
of J. Agardh (Epicr., 1876, p. 655) in which he groups all of 


764 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Sz. 


the species with flattened or partially flattened fronds. Most of 
the fronds of L. estebaniana are decidedly flattened, but some of 
them are more or less terete above, and somewhat angled where 
the branches are decurrent. It is apparently most closely 
related to L. flexuosa Kuetz. but the tetrasporic ramuli are not 
arranged in whorls as represented by Kuetzing (Tab. Phyc., 
vol. 15, pl. 68) for that species. 


Laurencia Johnstonii S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plates 52, a, and 53 


Frond up to 15 cm. high, cylindrical, slender throughout, 
attached by repeatedly branched rhizoidal filaments; primary 
axis percurrent, up to 1.5 mm. diam.; virgate, the secondary 
branches at times as long as the primary axis and clothed with 
very numerous, densely crowded, tertiary branches and ulti- 
mate fructiferous ramuli; color dark purple, black on drying; 
cells of the main axis equilateral to slightly longer than broad, 
with rounded angles; cells of the fructiferous ramuli slightly 
broader than long; fructiferous ramuli cylindrical, considerably 
constricted at the base, 375-425 » diam., numerous, arising on 
all sides, of very numerous, short sub-ultimate ramuli, flask- 
shaped; antheridia unknown; terminal hairs in dense clusters, 
profusely branched, up to 130 » long. 

Growing on rocks in the upper sublittoral belt. San Marcos 
Island, Gulf of California, Johnston, no. 127, June; San Fran- 
cisquito Bay, Lower California, Johnston, No. 30a, June. 


Type: No. 1360, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 127), in June, at San Marcos Island, Gulf 
of California. 


Laurencia sinicola S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 29, figs. 65, 66 and plate 50, a 


Frond epiphytic, attached by a creeping thallus, decidedly 
compressed, 3-6 cm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, sparsely and pin- 
nately branched, with branches at times as long as the main 
frond; surface cells of the main axis more or less ellipsoidal, 
45-55 » long 25-30 » broad; fructiferous ramuli pinnately ar- 


Vox. XII) SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG# 765 


ranged, not constricted at the base, the antheridial tuberculate, 
the tetrasporic clavate-tuberculate, surface cells on the main 
frond 10-14 » diam., 3-5 times as long; antheridia in loose 
paniculate clusters, the apical cell of each main cluster being 
pyriform, 7-9 » long, 5-7 » broad. 

Growing on Sargassum sp. Eureka, near La Paz, Lower 
California, Marchant, nos. 34 and 47, May; San Marcos 
Island, Gulf of California, Johnston, no. 126, June. Type, 
Marchant, no. 47. 

Laurencia sinicola is distinct in its gross morphological char- 
acters from all of the known species of Laurencia in the small 
size combined with the flattened frond. Its antheridial clusters 
are loose and composed of very delicate branches. The antheri- 
dia are small, 2-3 » in diameter. It seems to be nearly related 
to L. spectabilis Post. and Rupr. but is very much smaller in all 
of its parts, less regularly pinnately branched and is epiphytic 
instead of growing on rocks. 


Laurencia papillosa var. pacifica S. and G. var. nov. 
Plate 23, fig. 18; plate 24, fig. 33; plate 43, a, b, and plate 54 


Fronds pyramidal, 9-13 cm. high, main axis percurrent; 
fructiferous ramuli short, turbinate ; antheridial and tetrasporic 
ramuli with several lobes around the terminal depression; 
antheridia borne in whorls on an axis terminated by a single 
large pyriform cell; color dark purple, almost black on drying ; 
cystocarps not observed; cells on the surface of the main axis 
polygonal, closely appressed, thin, firm walled, 18-22 » diam. 

Growing on rocks in the upper sublittoral belt. San Marcos 
Island, Gulf of California, Johnston, no. 9, June; Eureka, near 
La Paz, Lower California, Marchant, no. 38, May. Type, 
Marchant, no. 38. 

We have examined some of the co-type material of L. papil- 
losa (Forsk.) Grev. and find that the ultimate fructiferous 
ramuli are sub-spherical, in this respect agreeing very well with 
the figures of Kuetzing in Tab. Phyc., vol. 15, pl. 62, figs. a, b. 
Our plants agree very well in general form and method of 
branching with the descriptions of L. papillosa but the fructif- 


766 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47 Ser. 


erous ramuli in ours are much less numerous and not so 
densely crowded, are short and much more broadly turbinate 
than in the co-type material or as shown in Kuetzing’s figures. 

Comparison with Howe’s plant, no. 128, of L. papillosa 
from the Bahamas, shows a considerable difference in the char- 
acter and size of the surface cells. Ours are about 20 » in 
diameter, are thin walled and are densely crowded together, 
while his are about 40 » in diameter and are somewhat thicker 
walled. The antheridial and tetrasporic ramuli of var. pacifica 
are broadly turbinate with several distinct lobes surrounding 
the terminal depression. 


Laurencia sp. 
Plate 29, figs. 68, 69 


Among the specimens of the Marchant collection a terminal 
fragment of a branch from a tetrasporic plant was found (Mar- 
chant no. 76) which approximates to the description of L. vir- 
gata (Ag.) J. Ag. The tetrasporic ramuli are about 5 mm. 
long, and occur in very dense clusters alternately arranged on 
the stem so that the main stem is almost obscured. These 
ramuli are cylindrical and about a half millimeter in diameter. 
It is distinct from any of the other Mexican species but too 
fragmentary to justify a name. 


CHONDRIA Acarou, Syn. Alg. Scand., 1817, p. XVIII 
Chondria acrorhizophora S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 40, b 


Fronds 4-5 cm. high, 500-700 » diam., decompositely 
branched from near the base; main frond at times percurrent, 
more frequently divided into several secondary branches, the 
lower branches longest, forming a flat top, more or less resem- 
bling an inverted cone; the ultimate, tetrasporic ramuli numer- 
ous on all of the branches of different orders, 1-1.5 mm. long, 
standing at about 45° angle, constricted at the base, curved at 
times almost cirrhose at the apices; apices of the main branches 
nude for some distance, acute, usually uncinate; the subterminal 
ramuli frequently developing dense clusters of rhizoidal cells; 


Vou. XII) SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALGE 767 


pericentral cells 5, large, surrounded by one layer of smaller, 
thick walled, angular cells, and the cortex composed of a single 
layer of cells; cortical cells thick walled, irregular in shape, 
2-6 times as long as broad in surface view, decidedly elongated 
radially in cross section; pericentral cells of the lower parts of 
the main fronds having parts of the walls very much thickened. 

Cast ashore. Eureka, near La Paz, Lower California. 
Type, Marchant, no. 44, May. 

Chondria acrorhizophora resembles in form and size C. 
lanceolata Harv. but our specimens are terete throughout while 
C. lanceolata, as figured by Harvey in Phyc. Austral., plate 239, 
is flattened. A nearer relative, as it seems to us, may be found 
in C. tenuissima f. californica Collins, in Phy. Bor. Amer. 
(Exsicc.) no. 636, from La Jolla, Calif. These plants are 
more robust than ours and have a distinctly different cell 
structure. 


POLYSIPHONIA Grevitte, Fl. Edin., 1824, p. 308 
Polysiphonia Johnstonii S. and G. Sp. nov. 


Fronds ecorticate, relatively rigid, 5-8 cm. high, up to 1 mm. 
diam. at the base, tapering gradually from the base upwards, 
branched dendritically near the base into several primary 
branches moderately wide-spreading, which in turn are repeat- 
edly branched alternately and terminated by dense fascicles of 
fructiferous ramuli which finally terminate in dense fascicles of 
long branched hairs; pericentral cells 6, up to 1 mm. long at 
the base of the fronds, reduced in length above becoming quad- 
rate or less in the ramuli; color dark brownish red, almost black 
on drying ; cystocarps supported on short pedicels, numerous on 
the terminal ramuli, sub-spherical 450-500 # diam., clothed 
with large quadrate cells 60-70 p». diam., antheridia in terminal, 
pyramidal, dark colored clusters. Tetrasporangia unknown. 

Growing on Gracilaria sp. 


Type: No. 1361, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 110), in April, at San Esteban Island, Gulf 
of California. 

There are no Polysiphonias with six pericentral cells which 
at all approximate to the characters of this Mexican form. 


768 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser. 


Our plant varies in almost every detail from any of the de- 
scribed species. In some respects it may perhaps be considered 
close to P. decipiens Mont., which has seven pericentral cells, 
but differs in other respects. As figured by Kuetzing, Tab. 
Phyc., vol. 13, pl. 65, figs, c-e, the growing apices of P. deci- 
piens are much more blunt and lack the fine terminal divisions 
and fascicles of hairs so characteristic in ours. 


Polysiphonia Marchante S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 49, a 


Fronds 5-8 cm. high, 450-550 » diam. at the base, ecorti- 
cated, main branching sub-dichotomous, ramuli alternate, 
distant, divaricate, terminating in a fascicle of long branched 
hairs; color dark red; pericentral cell 5; 3-4 times as long as 
broad below, 0.5-1 times above; cystocarps on short pedicels, 
slightly beaked, 380-420 » diam. ; tetrasporic ramuli relatively 
short and considerably distorted; tetrasporangia few, near the 
ends of the ramuli, spherical, prominent, 80-110 » diam. 

Cast ashore at Guaymas, Marchant, no. 50; Eureka, near 
La Paz, Lower California, Marchant, nos. 52, 83, and 84; La 
Paz, Marchant, no. 66 and Brandegee, no. 12. Type, Mar- 
chant, no. 66. The Marchant plants were all collected in May, 
1917. 

This five-siphoned species seems to be quite generally dis- 
tributed in the Gulf of California. Having been cast ashore 
among other algze, the habitat and the character of the attach- 
ing parts will have to remain subjects for future investigation. 

The very large and relatively short cells and the size and 
general appearance of the plant are characters very similar to 
those of P. Johnstonii of this paper. There is a constant difter- 
ence in the number of pericentral cells, and differences in details 
of dimensions of parts which, along with differences in the 
character and method of branching, render the two distinct 
species. 

Polysiphonia forcipata Harvey (Mar. Bot. of West Aus- 
tralia) seems to be a near relative of P. Marchante, as far as 
we may judge from the description. The figures of Kuetzing 


Vox. XII] SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG 769 


in Tab. Phyc., vol. XIV, pl. 44, figs. a-d, represent a plant of 
P. forcipata much more blunt, lacking the numerous small 
terminal divisions and fascicles of branched hairs which are 
prominent in ours. P. forfex Harvey, Phyc. Austr., pl. 96, 
considered by De Toni, Syll. Alg., vol. IV, p. 921, as a 
synonym of P. forcipata, has six pericentral cells and the forci- 
pate ramuli much more blunt than ours. 


Polysiphonia sinicola S. and G. sp. nov. 


Fronds ecorticate, 7-10 cm. high, 250-350 » diam. at the base, 
tapering only in the upper parts, branching alternate on all 
sides; ramuli strict, substance soft and flabby, color flesh red, 
pericentral cells 6; reproduction unknown. 

Growing on rocks in the lower littoral belt. 


Type: No. 1362, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 41), in June, at Los Angeles Bay, Lower 
California. 

It may seem presumptuous to describe another Polysiphonia 
from the small amount of material at our disposal and particu- 
larly so when the same is completely sterile. The six siphoned 
species appear to be rather scarce and the morphological char- 
acters of this one seem sufficiently different from any known 
form to warrant giving this one a name, awaiting further 
investigation to establish its independence. 


DIGENEA AGarou, Sp. Alg., vol. 1, part 2, 1822, p. 388 
Digenea simplex (Wulf.) Ag. 


Cast ashore. La Paz, Lower California, Brandegee, no. 33. 

Agardh, Sp. Alg., vol. 1, part 2, p. 389. Conferva simplex 
Wulfen, Crypt. Aquat., 1803, p. 17, n. 16. 

The specimens of this collection are all sterile. Structurally 
they appear to be very similar to the specimens distributed in 
Collins, Holden and Setchell, Phyc. Bor. utes, nos. 143 from 
Florida and 1939 from Bermuda. 


770 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 43H See. 


HETEROSIPHONIA MontacneE, Prod. Phyc. Pol. Antarct., 1842, p. 4 . 
Heterosiphonia sinicola S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 28, figs. 59, 60 and plate 47, b 


Fronds erect, 6-8 cm. high, terete; main frond usually per- 
current, dendroidally branched, up to 1 mm. diam. ; branches 
terminated by small dense fascicles of much branched acute 
filaments with cells about twice as long as broad; medulla with 
5 large pericentral cells surrounded by a single layer of smaller 
irregular cells; cortex composed of a single layer of cells, very 
thick-walled and very irregular in size and form, 2-5 times as 
long as broad, thicker radially in cross section; cystocarps and 
antheridia unknown. 

Cast ashore. Eureka, near La Paz, Lower California, Mar- 
chant, no.49, May; La Paz, Marchant,no. 65, May; Marchant, 
no. 86a. Type, Marchant no. 65. 

The nearest described relative of this species seems to be 
H. coccinea (Huds.) Falkenb. 


COLACODASYA Scumni1z, in Engler and Prantl., Nattirl. Pflanzenfam., 
1897, p. 473 


Colacodasya sinicola S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 28, fig. 63 


Fronds very variable in size, up to 900 » diam., solid, somatic 
portion spherical, attached by a broad base; cystocarpic fronds 
with ample somatic portion, covered with sessile or short 
stalked cystocarps; cystocarps spherical to slightly elongated, 
160-180 » diam. ; antheridial fronds with smaller somatic por- 
tion giving rise to numerous antheridial branches, 400-500 » 
long and sympodially branched; antheridia in dense fusiform 
clusters; tetrasporic fronds producing sparse short stichidial 
branches with short, slightly curved tips and tripartite tetra- 
spores. 

Growing on Chondria acrorhizophora S. and G. Eureka, 
near La Paz, Lower Caifornia. Type, Marchant, no. 43a, 
May. 

Colacodasya sinicola is closely related to C. verruceformis 
Setchell and McFadden, in McFadden, 1911, p. 149, pl. 19, 


Veu. XII] SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG FPN 


growing on Mychodea episcopalis J. Ag. The material at hand, 
although having representatives of all three forms of fruit, is 
too sparse to admit of detailed study as to histological char- 
acters. The plants in general are smaller, the cystocarps are 
mostly sessile and more nearly spherical, not urceolate, and the 
tetrasporic ramuli, stichidia, are smaller, so far as the material 
at hand shows. These differences, coupled with having a dif- 
ferent host and growing in a different temperature-region, 
seem to us sufficient to warrant keeping it separate for the 
present. 


Family CERAMIACEZ 
CALLITHAMNION Lynesys, Hydr. Dan., 1819, p. 123 
Callithamnion endovagum S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 28, fig. 62 


Plants parasitic (?), the endophytic portion extending com- 
pletely through the frond of host, and composed of much 
branched, slender filaments, 5-7 » diam., with cells very variable 
in length, giving rise to erect vegetative and reproductive fila- 
ments on both sides of the host; erect fronds blunt, up to 200 » 
high, 8-10 » diam., 2-5 times forked; cystocarps small, appar- 
ently with but a single lobe; tetrasporic and antheridial plants 
unknown. 

Growing in the fronds of Grateloupia prolongata J. Ag. 


Type: No. 1363, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 53b), in April, at San Esteban Island, Gulf 
of California. 

Only cystocarpic plants of this species have been observed, 
and these are young. There are but two cells in the carpogonal 
branch and the carpogonium surmounting these is about 50 mu 
long. There are no known species closely related to it. 


CERAMIUM Acaropu, Syn. Alg. Scand., 1817, pp. XXVI and 60 


The genus Ceramium seems to be well represented in the 
Gulf of California, but, as is usual in the warmer waters, most 
of the species are very diminutive, indeed some are microscopic, 
and their discovery has been more or less accidental or inci- 


772 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


dental in the study of the structure of their hosts, as has been 
our experience on several occasions. The amount of material 
has thus, in several instances, been very scanty and further 
study is highly desirable to clear up doubtful points and make 
known their complete history. 


Ceramium procumbens S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 27, figs. 51-54 


Fronds microscopic, wholly prostrate, attached to the host by 
very short rhizoidal filaments, 0.5-1 mm. long, 45-55 » diam., 
corticated only at the nodes, branching distichous, the ramuli 
parallel with the host, often opposite; tetrasporic ramuli short, 
clavate; tetrasporangia completely immersed, sparse, irregu- 
larly placed, 50 » long, 40 » broad; cystocarps single, or rarely 
2-3 together, short-pedicellate, spherical, 50-60 » diam., arising 
near the ends of ramuli, the main ramulus being pushed aside, 
1-3 very short ramuli developing up around them; cystocarps 
few, 8-12, 20-25 » diam.; antheridia on short specialized 
ramuli. 

Growing on Gelidiwm sp., San Francisquito Bay, Lower 
California, Johnston, no. 27a, June, and on Grateloupia prolon- 
gata, Isla Partida, Gulf of California. 


Type: No. 1364, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 27a), in July, at Isla Partida, Gulf of Cali- 
fornia. 


The cystocarps are borne on short one-celled pedicels, and 
are most frequently single, but as many as three have been 
observed developing from the same node. The node becomes 
considerably enlarged, the main ramulus is turned to one side 
and a few very short ramuli arise from the node and develop 
around the cystocarp which appears now to sit upon the end of 
the frond. 

This species seems very closely related to Hormoceras 
pygmeum Kuetzing (Tab. Phyc., vol. 12, pl. 75, figs. a-c) as 
regards branching and general structure. The magnification 
as given by Kuetzing (loc. cit.) makes our plant somewhat 


Vor. XIT] SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG# 773 


smaller. Kuetzing’s plant seems less frequently branched and 
has no opposite branching, a character very prominent in ours. 
His plant apparently is erect, while ours is wholly prostrate. 


Ceramium bicorne S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 28, fig. 64 and plate 74 


Fronds 5-8 mm. high, profusely and dichotomously 
branched, attached by a creeping, prostrate portion with 
rhizoids; main fronds up to 200 » diam., completely corticated 
above, the internodes naked below but shorter than the corti- 
cated zones at the nodes; corticating cells not arranged in longi- 
tudinal rows, rounded to slightly angular; tetrasporangia 
completely immersed, irregularly placed in the much swollen 
terminal ramuli; antheridia on ramuli similar to the tetrasporic 
ramuli; cystocarps sessile, usually double, surrounded by 6-8 
ramuli, some or all of which may develop farther and produce 
other cystocarps; carpospores numerous, irregular in form, up 
to 60 » long. 

Growing on Gratcloupia sp., upper sublittoral belt. 


Type: No. 1365, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 62a), in July, at Isla Partida, Gulf of Cali- 
fornia. 

The combination of creeping habit with erect fronds, the 
small size, dense dichotomous branching, almost complete corti- 
cation, immersed scattered tetrasporangia and the final develop- 
ment of two sharp points after the last division of the apical cell 
on the forcipate branches, distinguish this species from all other 
known species. The sharp points found on this species are not 
unique, as they are present in other species, notably C. Johns- 
toni of this paper. 


Ceramium sinicola S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 25, figs. 40, 41 and plate 75 


Fronds 1-2 cm. high, dichotomously branched, the forcipate 
apices long and blunt, completely corticated above, internodes 
below partially naked; corticating cells not arranged in any 
definite order, 8-11» diam. in surface view, 3-5 sided, with 


774 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Spa. 


rounded angles ; tetrasporangia completely immersed, in a single 
whorl at the nodes, occupying several forks of the terminal 
ramuli; cystocarps and antheridia unknown. 

Found unattached among the fronds of Laurencia sp. 


Type: No. 1366, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 67b), in April, at Ensenada Bay, Lower 
California. 

The basal portions of this species of Ceramium were not 
present, thus leaving some doubt as to the size of the plant. 
The largest filaments below the tetrasporic ramuli are 140 » in 
diameter, and it seems quite probable that the portion of the 
frond below this is not much larger. 


Ceramium Johnstonii S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plates 76, 77 


Fronds up to 3 cm. high, and 80 » diam., dichotomously 
branched, producing below numerous, lateral, secondary 
branches simple or dichotomously branched, completely and 
densely corticated, but the corticating cells of the upper 
branches slightly separating at the center of the internodes, 
forming a very narrow clear ring; corticating cells not ar- 
ranged in rows, much rounded, 7-10 » diam.; at maturity the 
apical cells become very acute; tetrasporangia completely im- 
mersed, scattered irregularly in the main fronds and more or 
less regularly in 2-3 whorls in the small lateral ramuli; cysto- 
carps and antheridia unknown. 

Found floating among other algze. San Pedro Martir Island, 
Gulf of California, Johnston, no. 104, April; San Esteban 
Island, Gulf of California, Johnston, No. 111, April. 


Type: No. 1367, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 104), in April, at San Pedro Martir Island, 
Gulf of California. 

The distinguishing characters of this species are the develop- 
ment of the tetrasporangia immersed in the dense cortex of the 
main fronds and in the short-lateral ramuli towards the base; 
and the slight separation of the corticating cells forming a 
narrow clear area or ring at the internodes in the ramuli and 


——— 


Vor. XII] SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG 775 


upper branches. The height and general size of the plants can 
not be definitely stated, as we have but a few fragments to 
judge from. From the general appearance of the lower parts of 
these, it seems that the species is rather diminutive. 


Ceramium serpens S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 27, fig. 58 


Thallus microscopic, creeping on the host and attached by 
short rhizoids, arising singly at a node, only sparsely forking, 
giving rise to a few sparsely branched, erect, fructiferous 
ramuli; mature creeping filaments 30-40 » diam., at the nodes, 
corticated only at the nodes, the internodes naked and equal to, 
or up to, 4 times as long as the nodes; tetrasporangia usually 
single at the nodes, spherical, 20-25 », up to 40 », diam., ex- 
truding through the cortex; cystocarps and antheridia 
unknown. 

Growing on Laurencia sp. La Paz, Lower California. 
Type, Marchant, no. 67c, May. 

This is a very delicate and inconspicuous species, and al- 
though the material at hand is very scanty and only tetrasporic 
plants having been observed, the character of these having the 
tetrasporangia extruded and borne singly at the nodes, makes 
it entirely distinct from any known species. Its nearest rela- 
tive, among the known Mexican forms, is C. procumbens of 
this paper, from which, however, it may be readily recognized 
by the tetrasporic characters. 


Ceramium interruptum S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 26, fig. 47 


Fronds 8-12 mm. high, 180-250 » diam. towards the base, 
enlarged above, branching regularly dichotomous, densely cor- 
ticated above, except the first internode just above the forkings, 
corticated only at the nodes below ; tetrasporangial branches up 
to 500 » diam., decidedly torulose, tetrasporangia imbedded 
beneath the cortex, disposed more or less irregularly in 2-3 
whorls, slightly ellipsoidal, 30-35 » diam., 40-45 u long; cysto- 
carps mostly single, sessile on an enlarged obconical base, sur- 


776 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


rounded by a whorl of 5-8 ramuli which are either short and in 
part incurved or long and at times giving rise to other 
cystocarps; carpospores numerous, pyriform to slightly angu- 
lar, enclosed within a very hyaline membrane; antheridial 
ramuli less enlarged and less torulose than the tetrasporic 
ramuli; antheridia completely covering their outer ends. 

Epiphytic upon other alge. Eureka, near La Paz, Lower 
California. Type, Marchant, no. 78, May. 

But a single small tuft of this species was gathered among 
the other forms found cast ashore. Fortunately all three forms 
of reproductive cells were present in these specimens, and the 
whole material seems in typical condition. Having such a 
small quantity of material, however, leaves us in doubt as to 
whether or not these are typical in height. The method of at- 
tachment to the host is by short, thick rhizoidal branches, a few 
from a node. 

A conspicuous character present in practically all of the 
fronds, especially prominent in the tetrasporic and antheridial 
fronds, is the uncorticated internode just above the forking. 
The upper parts of all the fronds are densely corticated except 
these special internodes, a character which we have not seen, 
nor have we read of it in any other species. This is apparently 
too regular to be accidental, and we are using it as a basis for 
the specific name. Towards the base, the internodes become 
less and less corticated, but the length of the internodes only 
slightly exceeds the length of the nodes. 


Ceramium caudatum S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 27, figs. 55-57 


Fronds 10-15 mm. high, branching dichotomous by splitting 
of the apical cell, many uncinate secondary branches of differ- 
ent lengths, at times in whorls, arising at the nodes; corticated 
only at the nodes; internodes of main filaments 120-140 » diam. 
at the base of the fronds and nodes 180-200 p» diam. ; internodes 
290-350 » long at the base of the fronds; tetrasporangia numer- 
ous in whorls at the upper margin of the corticating cells, 
decidedly pedicellate; cystocarps and antheridia unknown. 

Floating among other alge. Eureka, near La Paz, Lower 
California. Type, Marchant, no. 48b, May. 


Vor. XII) SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALGE WAG: 


Ceramium fimbriatum S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 26, figs. 43, 44 


Fronds diminutive, regularly dichotomous, corticated only at 
the nodes; main filaments 70-90 » diam. at the nodes, the 
internodes 2-3 times as long as the nodes in the main fronds; 
the outer cell on each node on the convex surface of the forci- 
pate apices develops into a short thick hair, rounded at the 
outer end, 55-65 mu long, 28-32 » broad, unseptate, soon decidu- 
ous ; fruiting characters unknown. 

Found floating among Centroceras clavulatum, Eureka, 
near La Paz, Lower California. Type, Marchant, no. 87a, 
May. 

We hesitate to name this species of Cerdmium based on such 
scanty material at our disposal. Only a few fragments were 
observed while studying specimens of Centroceras. However, 
the vegetative characters are so unlike those of any described 
species of which we have any definite knowledge, that we feel 
justified in naming and describing it as well as the material will 
permit. The presence of a single row of thick, short, unseptate 
hairs, which are soon deciduous, on the outer curves of the 
apices, is the distinguishing character. 


Ceramium horridum S. and G. sp. noy. 
Plate 26, figs. 49, 50 and plate 79 


Fronds 6-8 cm. high, completely corticated throughout, 
dichotomously branched, the branches gradually attenuated up- 
wards, at maturity terminating in acute cells, clothed through- 
out with whorls of short, lateral, tetrasporic ramuli arising at 
each node, which in turn are beset with numerous, short, lat- 
eral, sharp spines ; main fronds 700-900 p» diam. ; tetrasporangia 
immersed without definite order in the ramuli; cells arranged 
more or less in longitudinal rows, especially in the internodes 
2-3 times as long as broad ; cystocarps and antheridia unknown. 

Cast ashore among other algze. Guaymas, Mexico. Type, 
Marchant, no. 91, May. 

The two outstanding characters of this species are the whorls 
of short tetrasporic ramuli, three to five at each node, and the 
acute, spine-like growing points at their apices and for some 


778 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser. 


distance back, as well as on the main branches. The growing 
points, apical cells, are normal cells during the period of rapid 
growth, but on nearing maturity of the tetraspores, they prac- 
tically all divide two to three times and the branches become 
very acute. The size of the mature plants, the complexity of 
branching, their habitat, whether epiphytic or growing on 
rocks, the character of the attaching portions, and the character 
of the cystocarps and antheridia are matters for further investi- 
gation. The few fragments obtained, however, are so decid- 
edly different from any known species, that it seems the part of 
wisdom to put it on record. 


Ceramium sp. 
Plate 29, figs. 70, 71 


Growing on Eucheuma sp. Mazatlan, Mexico, Marchant, 
no. 63a, May. 

Only some small fragments of this species of Ceramium were 
found among other algz, and these are of antheridial plants. 
The ramuli were completely corticated only at the fruiting 
ends, the remaining lower parts are corticated only at the 
nodes. It seems to be an undescribed species, at least nothing 
like it was admitted by Agardh in his latest revision, but the 
absence of other fruit, especially the tetraspores, makes its 
identity too uncertain and therefore unwise to name it at 
present. 


i CENTROCERAS (Kuetzinc,in Linnea, vol. 15, “1841,” p. 731 


Volume 15 of Linnzea bears the imprint 1841, Kuetzing’s 
paper “Ueber Ceramium Ag.,” appeared in the last Heft of this 
volume. In this paper, among other genera, he erected the 
genus Centroceras. In Phycologia Generalis, 1843, he treats 
of the genera and species mentioned in his previous paper, and 
consistently cites 1841 as the date of publication. Later, in 
Species Algarum, 1849, he consistently refers only to the 
Phycologia Generalis in citing the place of publication of the 
new genera erected in the above mentioned publication, which 


Vor. XII] SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG 779 


is manifestly misleading. At the same time, in citing the 
species treated in Linnza, he uses the date 1842 instead of 
1841. Howe (1914, p. 158) cites 1842. 


Centroceras clavulatum (Ag.) Mont. 


Growing on rocks in the upper sublittoral belt. Tortuga 
Island, Gulf of California, Johnston, no. 144, May; Eureka, 
near La Paz, Lower California, Marchant, no. 87, May, and 
no. 42, May. 

Montagne, iz Durieu, Flore d’Algerie, p. 140; Howe, Mar. 
Alg. Peru, 1914, p. 158. Ceramium clavulatum Agardh, in 
Kunth, Syn. Pl. Aeq., vol. 1, 1822, p. 2. 


Centroceras bellum S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 26, fig. 48 and plates 40c and 78 


Fronds 1-1.5 cm. high, more or less prostrate at the base and 
attached by numerous pluricellular hairs, 1-3 arising at a node, 
becoming erect at the outer ends, completely corticated, sub- 
secundly branched; main fronds 110-130 » diam. ; branches all 
arising at the nodes back of the growing point; tetrasporic 
ramuli stichidia-like, considerably enlarged above the base for 
some distance, each tapering very gradually to a blunt terminal 
growing cell and more or less curved at the apex; corticating 
cells in very regular longitudinal rows on the older parts of the 
frond and quadrate, except at the slightly swollen nodes, where 
they are divided into 2-4 smaller cells, and on the fruiting part 
of the tetrasporic ramuli; tetrasporangia completely immersed, 
a single whorl at each node; cystocarps and antheridia 
unknown. 

Cast ashore at Guaymas, Mexico. Type, Marchant, no. 85, 
June. 

The complete cortication with quadrate cortical cells ar- 
ranged very definitely in longitudinal rows on the main fronds 
seem undoubtedly to ally this plant with the genus Centroceras, 
rather than with the genus Ceramium, to which, however, it is 
very closely related. These characters, along with the size of 
thé cells and the diameter of the main filaments, make it almost 


730 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 41TH Sea, 


identical with Centroceras clavulatum with respect to those 
characters in that species, but the total absence of sharp-pointed 
surface cells, particularly at the apices, so characteristic of C. 
clavulatum, the method of branching which is always sub- 
terminal, whereas all described species of Centroceras have 
dichotomous branching brought about by longitudinal division 
of the apical cell, and the method of tetraspore formation, the 
tetraspores being formed by specialized ramuli, for the most 
part, make it a very distinct and beautiful species, decidedly 
different from any other known at present. 


Family GRATELOUPIACEE 
GRATELOUPIA Acarpu, Sp. Alg., vol. 1, part 2, 1822, p. 221 
Grateloupia prolongata J. Ag. 

Plate 80 


Growing in the upper sublittoral belt. San Francisquito 
Bay, Lower California, Johnston, no. 25, June; San Esteban 
Island, Gulf of California, Johnston, no. 53a, April; Isla Par- 
tida, Gulf of California, Johnston, no. 87, July. 

J. G. Agardh, Nya Alg., 1847, p. 10. 

We have grouped a series of several plants under this species 
varying greatly in size and in width of fronds. The type of 
the species was collected at “Pochetti,” Mexico, and Agardh 
does not mention the size of the plants. De-Toni (Syll. Aig., 
vol. 4, p. 1565) gives the height of the plant as 10-18 cm. Some 
of our specimens are 50 cm. high and only 3-5 mm. wide, but 
others come within the range of the description given by De- 
Toni. It is quite possible that we are here dealing with more 
than one species, but until a greater quantity of material can 
be examined, preferably in its native habitat, the question of 
their identity will have to remain somewhat in doubt. 


Grateloupia squarrulosa S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plates 81, 82 


Fronds 40-55 cm. high, branching exceedingly variable, of 
5-8 orders; main frond more or less percurrent, flat, 5-15 mm. 
wide, pinnately branched at the margins, with branches very 


Vor. XII) SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG& 781 


variable in size, some erect, some patent, others recurved, all 
with broad bases; the surface, as well as the margins of the 
main frond, more or less covered with branches, the whole 
frond thickly beset with short, blunt, branched spines; repro- 
duction unknown; color dark purplish red. 

Cast ashore. Smith Island, Gulf of California. 


Type: No. 1368, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 60), in June, at Smith Island, Gulf of Cali- 
fornia. 

Although we have no fruiting specimens of this species, the 
gross morphological characters are so unlike any described 
species that we feel certain of its specific identity. It probably 
grows at some depth below low tide as. the specimens, all 
incomplete, were found cast up on the shore. 


Grateloupia acroidalea S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 26, figs. 45, 46 


Fronds flabellate, flattened, up to 2 cm. high, 0.5-1 mm. 
wide, attached by a small disk; branching dichotomous from 
near the base; terminal ramuli swollen at the apices; center of 
the frond stuffed with fine, branched filaments merging into 
filaments with larger arachnoid cells, these in turn merging 
into larger, more or less irregular, cells giving rise to the anti- 
clinal rows of the cortex; tetrasporangia 50-60 » long, 12-20 
broad; tetraspores cruciate; cystocarp completely embedded 
within the frond; antheridia unknown; color very dark pur- 
plish red, almost black on drying. 

Guaymas, Mexico, Marchant, no. 58, May; on rocks in the 
upper sublittoral belt, Johnston, no. 121. 


Type: No. 1369, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 121), in June, at Tortuga Island, Gulf of 
California. 

This species of Grateloupia clearly belongs to J. G. Agardh’s 
section of the genus Chondrophyllum. It differs from G. dichot- 
oma J. Ag. in having decidedly swollen apices, for which 
character it is named. It is quite near to G. fastigiata J. Ag. 
but is shorter and narrower. Ours has the cystocarps and tet- 
raspores only in the terminal segments. 


782 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Spx. 


Grateloupia Howeii S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 83 


Fronds membranaceous, up to 30 cm. high and 6 cm. wide, 
tapering to a small, short stipe attached by a disk, unbranched, 
or forked near the base and with an occasional marginal 
lanceolate branch; the whole beset with numerous Gigartinoid 
spines; color brownish red, nitent on drying; large cells of the 
subcortex 25-50 » long. 

Cast ashore. 


Type: No. 1370, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 113), in April, at San Esteban Island, Gulf 
of California. 

We are dedicating this species to Dr. M. A. Howe, to whom 
we sent specimens for study and for comparison with G. dentr- 
culata Mont., to which it seems closely related. After compar- 
ing it with sections and a photograph of the type specimen of 
G. denticulata he concludes that our plant is not identical with 
that species. 


Grateloupia Johnstonii S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 84 


Fronds flat, membranaceous, up to 40 cm. high, varying 
much in width, of the same branch in different parts, up to 20 
cm. branching pinnate, of 5-6 orders; ultimate pinnules short, 
subulate, acute, perpendicular to the frond, main branches aris- 
ing at about 45° angle; color coral red; reproduction unknown. 

Cast ashore. 


Type: No. 1371, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 88), in July, at Angel de la Guarda Island, 
Gulf of California. 

This species of Grateloupia seems closely related to G. squar- 
rulosa but differs in thickness, color, number and character of 
the ultimate pinnules, and the angle at which the branches 
arise. Unfortunately the whole life history can not be pre- 
sented here on account of the lack of fruiting material. 


Vor. X11] SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALGZ 733 


Estebania S. and G. gen. nov. 


Fronds complanate, firm-mucilaginous, profusely anastomos- 
ing at the dichotomously branched tips; center of the fronds 
packed with fine, densely intertwined, much branched filaments, 
surrounded on all sides by 1-2 layers of large ovoid cells merg- 
ing outwardly into smaller cells, in turn merging into short 
anticlinal rows of small cells; tetraspores cruciate, not in sori; 
sexual reproduction unknown. 

Lacking cystocarps, we are unable, at present, to classify 
with complete satisfaction the plants which we are here placing 
in the new genus Estebania. We are assigning them pro- 
visionally to the family Grateloupiaciz. They resemble Poly- 
opes Bushi@ in general appearance, but this resemblance is only 
superficial or remotely so in structure. There is also a resem- 
blance to Grateloupia dichotoma. In Polyopes the tetraspores 
are aggregated into sori or nemathecia, while in Estebania they 
are evenly distributed over the fruiting area of the fronds. 
The general structure, the absence of an apical cell and the 
cruciate tetraspores more strongly suggest the Grateloupiacee 
than any other family. 


Estebania conjuncta S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 25, figs. 35, 36 and plates 85, 86 


Fronds up to 4 mm. broad, dichotomously branched, the 
branches anastomosing with each other soon after arising; 
color coral red; central or medullary filaments 3-4 » diam. ; sur- 
rounding ovoid cells up to 200 » diam., thick walled ; anticlinal 
rows of cortical cells 4-7 cells long, 4-6 » diam., subspherical ; 
tetrasporangia elongated radially; tetraspores cruciate, divid- 
ing in three planes. 

Floating and entangled among other alge. San Esteban 
Island, Gulf of California, Johnston, nos. 53f and 115; San 
Pedro Martir Island, Gulf of California, Jonhston, no. 103, 
April; Angel de la Guarda Island, Gulf of California, Johns- 
ton, no. 130, June. 


Type: No. 1372, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 115), in June, at San Esteban Island, Gulf 
of California. : 


784 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser. 


The very pronounced character of this species, a character 
which) we have considered to be of generic rank, is the firm 
coalescence of the young branches almost as soon as they have 
arisen, leaving at first a very small open space, almost micro- 
scopic. As the fronds grow, this space increases until it may 
become one or two inches across. This branching is funda- 
mentally dichotomous and is extensive. However, as the plants 
age proliferations, more or less profuse along the edges of the 
frond, arise. These very frequently begin to divide dichoto- 
mously and a flabellate lateral is produced. 

The plants at our disposal are all fragmentary, hence the 
actual size can not be stated. Nothing is known of their 
method of attachment or whether they are epiphytic or saxi- 
colous. The fronds are very fragile and flabby. On being 
soaked in fresh water after having been dried, they soon dis- 
solve, making it very difficult to handle them under such treat- 
ment. 


POLYOPES J. G. Acarou, Oefver., 1849, p. 85 
Polyopes sinicola S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 28, fig. 61 and plate 42, b 


Fronds complanate, 3-5 cm. high, 3-5 mm. wide, width di- 
minishing from the center of the frond towards the apices at 
each forking; dichotomously branched; color brown, almost 
black on drying; medulla composed of very densely compact 
and intertwined branched filaments merging abruptly on all 
sides into rows, 10-13 cells long, as seen in cross section, of 
closely compact, short, cylindrical cells, the terminal cell of 
each row, or the surface cells being more or less pearshaped ; 
reproduction unknown. 

Growing on rocks, in the lower littoral and upper sublittoral 
belts. Los Angeles Bay, Lower California, Johnston, no. 38, 
June; Isla Partida, Gulf of California, Johnston, no. 85, July; 
Angel de la Guarda Island, Gulf of California, Johnston, no. 
84d, June. 


Type: No. 1373, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 85), in July, at Isla Partida, Gulf of Cali- 
fornia. 


Vor. XII] SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALGE 785 


PRIONITIS J. G. Acarou, Sp. Alg., vol. 2, part 1, 1851, p. 185 
Prionitis Sternbergii (Ag.) J. Ag. 


Growing on rocks in the upper sublittoral belt. Georges 
Island, Gulf of California, Johnston, no. 100, April; Tortuga 
Island, Gulf of California, Johnston, no. 119, June; San Mar- 
cos Island, Gulf of California, Johnston, no. 6, June. 

J. G. Agardh, Sp. Alg., 1851, p. 190. Spherococcus Stern- 
bergu Agardh, Sp., 1822, p. 275. 

We have a series of specimens of Prionitis which agree fairly 
well with the description of P. Sternbergii (Ag.) J. Ag. as 
given by De-Toni (Syll, Alg., p. 1851). The species of this 
genus are subject to much variation in form, size and extent of 
branching. Our material proves this to be no exception to 
the rule. Careful study in the field may reveal several over- 
lapping species. 


Prionitis abbreviata S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 25, fig. 39 and plate 50, b 


Fronds fasciculate, 4-6 cm. high, 1.5-3 mm. wide, 500-600 » 
thick, tapering to a narrow subcylindrical stipe; apices blunt, 
branching di-tri-chotomous, the margins with numerous fructi- 
ferous (?) pinnules; color dark red; reproduction unknown: 
medulla packed with fine branched filaments, merging on either 
side into small parenchymatous cells giving rise to anticlinal 
rows of cortical cells 2-3 » diam., 4-6 p long; cortex about 
125. thick. 

Growing on rocks. 


Type: No. 1374, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 53e), in April, at San Esteban Island, Gulf 
of California. 

This species appears to be most closely related to the group 
of plants of various forms which we have tentatively placed 
under P. Sternbergii (Ag.) J. Ag. The fronds are chiefly 
thinner, the branching more regularly dichotomous, and the 
pinnules less numerous than the smaller forms of that species. 


736 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Szx. 


Family NEMASTOMACE 
SCHIZYMENIA Acaron, J., Sp. Alg., vol. 2, part 1, 1851, p. 169 
Schizymenia Johnstonii S. and G. sp. nov. 

Plate 88 


Fronds wide-ligulate to lanceolate, with more or less undu- 
late and crisped margins, up to 25 cm. long and 8 cm. broad, 
about 400 » thick, tapering abruptly at the base to a short, 
1.5-2.5 cm. long, stipe, attached by a very small disk; color 
dark dull coral red ; medulla composed of loose fine hyphz with 
thick, soft gelatinous walls, extending in all directions and 
giving rise towards the surface to dichotomously branched 
erect filaments terminating in anticlinal rows of 1-3 cells; the 
basal cells of the short erect filaments spherical, 6-8 » diam. ; 
surface cells cylindrical, 3-4 » diam. and 2-2.5 times as long; 
cystocarps large, completely embedded within the fronds, ex- 
tending inwards beyond the middle of the frond; antheridia 
and tetrasporangia unknown. 

Growing on rocks in the upper sublittoral belt. 


Type: No. 1375, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 56), in July, at Isla Partida, Gulf of Cali- 
fornia. 

Schizymenia Johnstonii seems closely related to S. undulata 
J. Ag. It is, however, slightly thicker, different in color, has a 
more ovate base and oblong shape, and larger cystocarps which 
extend deeper into the frond. 


Schizymenia violacea S. and G. sp. nov. 
Plate 25, figs. 37, 38 and plate 87 


Fronds up to 30 cm. long, 15 cm. broad, 230 » thick, broadly 
ovate, more or less lacerate and margin slightly undulate; base 
broad and rounded to subcordate; stipe complanate, about 1 
cm. long, attached by a very small disk; color violet purple; 
medulla composed of fine hyphz closely packed, merging into 


Vou. XIT) SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG# 737 


spherical, subcortical cells 10-14 » diam. terminating in anti- 

clinal rows of 1-2 cells, 4.5 » diam., 1.5 times as long; cysto- 

carps variable in size, some superficial and some extending to 

the middle of the frond, very compact; tetrasporangia ellip- 

soidal, 28-32 mw long, 14-16 » broad, with cruciate tetraspores 

very numerous, nearly over the entire frond, except the base. 
Growing on rocks in the upper sublittoral belt. 


Type: No. 1376, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Ivan 
M. Johnston (No. 82), in April, at San Esteban Island, Gulf of 
California. 

This species of Schizymenia has near relations in S. cordata 
J. Ag., S. apoda J. Ag., and S. erosa J. Ag., judging from the 
general shape. It has, however, fewer cells in the anticlinal 
rows and is thinner than any of the three, in fact is the thinnest 
one yet described except S. Dubyi. From this species it differs 
in having fewer cells in the anticlinal rows and has a more 
compact medulla. 


HILDENBRANDTIA Narpo, Isis, von Oken, 1834, p. 675 
Hildenbrandtia rosea Kuetz. 
Kuetzing, Phyc. Gen., 1843, p. 384 


A few specimens of an encrusting red alga have been found 
on small pebbles among larger alge. They have the structure 
of Hildenbrandtia rosea Kuetz. but are sterile. 


738 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Peoc. 41rH# Sex. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
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Vor. XIN SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG& 789 


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Endlicher, S. L. 


1843. Genera Plantarum, Suppl. III. Alge. 
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Harvey, W. H. 
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1859. Phycologia Australica, or a history of Australian seaweeds, 
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1862. Ibid, vol. 4. : London. 


Vor. XII] SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG# 791 


Holmes, E. M. 
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792 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


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a 


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794 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc, 47H Ser. 


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Wille, N. 


1900. Algologische Notizen I-VI. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidensk, 
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Wulfen, F. X. j 
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1920. Novz alge Japonice. Botan. Mag., vol. 34, pp. 1-12. Tokyo. 


Vor. XIT] SETCHELL AND GARDNER—THE MARINE ALG 79 


on 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES 


The drawings have been prepared under the direction of N. L. Gardner 
by Miss Ruth J. Powell (“del. P.”), Miss Anna Hamilton (“del. H.”) and 
by Mr. W. P. Keasby (‘del K.”). The photographs were made by Mr. 
W. C. Matthews. 


Fig. 1, 


Fig. 2. 


Fig. 3. 


Fig. 4. 
Fig. 5. 


Fig. 6. 


Fig. 7. 


Fig. 8. 


Fig. 9. 


Fig. 10. 


Fig. 11. 


CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


Plate 12 


Chlorogloca regularis S. and G. 
a. Surface view. b. Section view. X 500 (del. H.) 


Xenococcus deformans S. and G. 
A sketch showing the plants within the cuticle of the host. X 500 
(del. H.) 


Hydrocoleum codicola S. and G, 
A group of ends of filaments. X 750 (del. P.) 


Entocladia condensata S. and G. 


A surface view. X 125 (del. K.) 
A section view, showing the plant within the cell wall of the 
host. X 125 (del. K.) 


Dermocarpa Reinschii S. and G. 
A group of plants, mostly mature. X 250 (del. K.) 
Calothrix nidulans S. and G. 
A group of plants in various stages of development. X 250 
(del. K.) 
Pringsheimia Marchante S. and G. 
A surface view. X 250 (del. H.) 


Calothrix nodulosa S. and G. 
A group of mature plants. X 125 (del. K.) 
A group of plants in various stages of development. X 100 
(del. P.) 
Dermocarpa sp. 
A group of immature plants. X 500 (del. P.) 


Dermocarpa Marchante S. and G. 
A group of plants, some showing gonidia. X 500 (del. P.) 


[SETCHELL anD GARDNER] PLaTe 12 


., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI 


X ) 


<I; ; rs) 

Sy im. Ss 
> 0} ON - 
LS <P ANOV > 


CaN em 


i i LBD. 


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a 
oe 


98 
TOULeY} 


at 
cg 


IMAC NN S OOS” 

onli) SES” 

ELE 
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798 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. 


Plate 13 


Caulerpa Vanbossce S. and G. 


Fig. 13. A habit sketch. X 0.5 (del. P.) 

Fig. 14. A sketch of a portion of a plant showing method of branching 
and a few rhizoids. X 2 (del. P.) 

Fig. 15. A piece of a filament showing trabecule. X 25 (del. H.) 


Cladophoropsis robusta S. and G. 
Fig.16. A habit sketch. X 2 (del. H.) 


Cladophora hesperia S. and G. 
Fig. 17. A habit sketch. X 40 (del. P.) 


Entocladia Polysiphonie S. and G. 


Fig. 18. A habit sketch of a portion of a plant showing sporangia X 125 
(del P.) 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLaTE 13 


fs I) 
Za 


y 


800 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 2 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


19. 


20. 


21. 


24, 


2). 


A group of utricles showing variation in shape and size. 


A group of typical utricles. 


A group of utricles showing variation in shape and size. 


A 


CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 


Plate 14 


Codium cervicorne S. and G. 


(del. P.) 


X 25 (del. P.) 


Codium simulans S. and G. 


(del. P.) 
group of typical utricles. 


X 25 (del. P-) 


Codium reductum S. and G. 


group of utricles showing variation in shape and size. 


(del. P.) 


group of typical utricles. 


X 25 (del. P.) 


Codium Brandcgeci S. and G. 


group of utricles showing variation in shape and size. 


(del. P.) 
group of typical utricles. 


X 25 (del. P.) 


[Proc. 4TH Ser. 


X 65 


X 65 


X 65 


X 65 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] Ptate 14 


» Ask: 
» 2); 


g. 30. 


5 Ol, 


CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


Plate 15 


Codium longiramosum S. and G. 


Three utricles showing different shapes and sizes, the largest 
ones always having the thinnest end wall. X 38 (del. P.) 


Codium amplivesiculatum S. and G. 


A single utricle of the large thin walled type. X 38 
Two utricles of the smaller type, typical in shape and size. X38 
(del. P.) 


Codium unilaterale S. and G. 
A group of utricles showing variation in shape and size. X 65 
(del. P.) 
A group of typical utricles. X 25 (del. P.) 


Codiwm conjunctum S. and G. 


A group of utricles showing variation in shape and size. X 65 
(del. H.) 
A group of typical utricles. X 25 (del. H.) 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL anp GARDNER] PLaTeE 15 


804 


Fig. 34. 


Fig. 35. 


Fig. 36. 


Fig. 37. 


Fig. 38. 


Fig. 39. 


Fig. 40. 
Fig. 41. 
Fig. 42. 


Fig. 43. 


CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


Plate 16 


Codium cuncatum S. and G. 
A group of utricles showing variation in shape and size. X 65 
(del. P.) 
A group of typical utricles. X 25 (del. P.) 


Codium anastomosans S. and G. 
A group of utricles showing variation in shape and size. X 65 
(del. P.) 
A group of typical utricles. X 25 (del. P.) 


Codium tomentosum (Huds.) Stackh. 

A group of utricles showing variation in shape and size. X 65. 
From W. A. Setchell’s copy of Le Jolis Alg. Mar. de Cher- 
bourg, no. 204. (del. K.) 

A group of typical utricles. X 25. Ibid. (del. K.) 


Entcromorpha Marchante S. and G. 


Habit sketch of a group of plants. X 0.5 (del. P.) 
Surface view. X 250 (del. P.) 
Cross section view. X 250 (del. P.) 


Enteromorpha acanthophora Kuetz. 
A habit sketch of a portion of a frond. X 3 (del. H.) 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL anD GARDNER] PLate 16 


yee 
eaces 


41 


806 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc, 47H Ser. 


Plate 17 


Ectocarpus gonodioides S. and G. 


Fig. 44. Habit sketch of a small tuft of plants, showing the rhizoidal 
penetrating portion below the gametangia, which are outside 
of the host. X 125 (del. H.) 


Ectocarpus Bryantu S. and G. 
Fig. 45. A series of gametangia showing extremes in shape and size 
X 250 (del. H.) 


Gonodia Johnstonii S. and G. 
Fig. 46. Two branches showing both gametangia and zoosporangia on the 
same plant. X 250 (del. P.) 
Fig. 47. A plant showing only gametangia. X 250 (del. P.) 
Gonodia Marchante S. and G. 


Fig. 48. A group of filaments with gametangia and one zoosporangium. 


X 125 (del. H.) 


Compsonema immixtum S. and G. 


Fig. 49. A section through the host, showing the gametangia extending 
beyond those of the host. X 250 (del. P.) 


[SETCHELL anD GARDNER] PLATE 17 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 


SS 


Sean ates 


Pe 
oF 


Sqqan0o! 
Ee 


sa 
maihseooas ae 


QJ 
Sa SB as) 
RIN, Bs ag xg 
eee ee 
at 32 EN 


808 


Fig. 50. 


Fig. 51. 


CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc, 4TH Ser. 


Plate 18 


Dictyota crenulata J. Ag. 

A habit sketch of a portion of a frond, showing numerous young 
plants germinating in position from Gogonia. X 2 (del. H.) 
A surface view of a portion of a frond, showing arrangement of 
cells, a group of antheridia and a group of Gogonia. X 50 

(del. H.) 


Dictyota hesperia S. and G. 
A habit sketch of a portion of a frond. X 0.5 (del. H.) 


A surface view showing arrangement of cells, a group of antheri- 
dia and scattered 6ogonia. X 100 (del. H.) 


Dictyota Johnstonu S. and G. 


A habit sketch of a portion of a frond, showing the method of 
branching and the distribution of the groups of oogonia. 
X 0.5 (del. H.) 

A cross section at the margin of the frond, showing a single 
Oogonium and the double layer of cortical cells and of medul- 
lary cells. X 100 (del. H.) 

Same as fig. 55. X 50 (del. H.) 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLATE 18 


810 


Fig. 


Fig 


Fig. 


Fig. 


BV, 


2 Oe 


ig. 59. 


60. 


64. 


CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47m Serr. 


Plate 19 


Entocladia mexicana S. and G. 


A surface view of a portion of a thallus, showing sporangia 
scattered over the center and the free filaments around the 
margin. X 250 (del. H.) 


Sphacelaria furcigera Kuetz. 
Sections of a frond showing one male gametangium and one 
female gametangium. X 125 (del. K.) 


Sphacelaria brevicorne S. and G. 


A sketch showing a few sections of the frond and a single pro- 
pagulum. X 250 (del. H.) 
A sketch to illustrate the character of a hair. X 250 (del. H.) 


Colpomenia sinuosa f. deformans S. and G. 


A habit sketch showing the great predominance of the finger- 
like portions of the frond over the base portion. X 0.5 
(del. P.) 

A section through the fruiting portion, showing the character of 
the soma cells and of the gametangia. X 250 (del. P.) 


Sargassum Marchante S. and G. 


A habit sketch of a fragment of a frond, showing the characters 
of the leaves, the vesicles and the receptacles. X 2 (del. H.) 


Sargassum guardiense S. and G. 


A habit sketch of a fragment of a frond, showing the characters 
of the leaves, the vesicles and the receptacles. X 2 (del. H.) 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL anp GARDNER] PLATE 19 


SHE FON ON LU 


Rar 


OL 


IL 
4S 


an Sep eS Dawes >—-=s 
eS = 
Say tS CsSs 


— = —) 
(a= 
NS —— 
ISS) 


== 
ar 


aL 


r= 


Se IJc 


je 

VEZ 
————— — 
i= 


eae 
a= 

= = 
—— 
ip 


57 


Fig. 65. 


Fig. 66. 


Fig. 67. 


Fig. 68. 


Fig. 69. 


Fig. 70. 


Fig. 71. 


Fig. 72. 


Fig. 73. 


Fig. 74. 


CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER. 


Plate 20 


Sargassum horridum S. and G. 


A habit sketch showing the character of the leaves. X 1 
(del. P.) 

A habit sketch of a fragment of the frond, showing the charac- 
ters of the vesicles and the receptacles. X 1.5 (del. P.) 


Sargassum insulare S. and G. 


A habit sketch of portions of a frond, showing the characters 
of the leaves, vesicles and receptacles. X 1.5 (del. P.) 

The same as fig. 67, but showing more profuse branching of the 
receptacles. X 1.5 (del. P.) 


Sargassum herporhizum S. and G. 


A habit sketch of a portion of a frond, showing the characters 
of the leaves, vesicles and receptacles. X 1 (del. P.) 

A habit sketch showing the original short stipe and holdfast at 
the left, a horizontal creeping frond with holdfasts below and 
erect fronds above. X 0.5 (del. P.) 

A habit sketch to show different positions of the vesicles. X 1.5 
(del. P.) 


Sargassum Johnstonu S. and G. 


A terminal segment of the frond showing the arrangement and 
characters of the leaves, vesicles and receptacles. X 1 (del. P.) 


Sargassum sinicola S. and G. 


A habit sketch of a fragment of a frond showing the characters 
of the leaves, vesicles and receptacles. X 2 (del. H.) 


Sargassum lapazeanum S. and G. 


A habit sketch of a portion of a frond showing the characters 
of the leaves, a single vesicle and the receptacles. X 1.5 


(del. P.) 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL anD GARDNER] PLATE 20 


Fig. 75. 


Fig. 76. 


Fig. 77. 


Fig. 78. 


Fig. 79. 


Fig. 80. 


Fig. 81. 


Fig. 82. 


Fig. 83. 


CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


Plate 21 


Sargassum Johnstonu £. laxius S. and G. 


A habit sketch of terminal segments of a frond, showing the 
characters of the leaves, vesicles and receptacles. X 1.5 


(del. H.) 


Sargassum Johnston £. gracile S. and G. 


A habit sketch of a fragment of a frond, showing the characters 
of the leaves, vesicles and receptacles. X 2 (del. H.) 


Sargassum cylindrocarpum S. and G. 


A habit sketch of a terminal fragment of a frond, showing the 
characters of the leaves, vesicles and receptacles. X 1 
(del. P.) 


Sargassum insulare S. and G. 


A habit sketch of the terminal portion of a frond, showing the 
arrangement and characters of the leaves and receptacles. 
X 1.5 (del. P)) 


Sargassum Brandegcei S. and G. 


A habit sketch of a fragment of a frond, showing the characters 
of the leaves, vesicles and receptacles. X 2 (del. H.) 


Sargassum Johnston S. and G. 


A habit sketch of a portion of a frond, showing the characters 
of the leaves, vesicles and receptacles. X 1.5 (del. P.) 


Sargassum Johnston £. laxius S. and G. 
A habit sketch of a fragment of a frond, showing the characters 
of the leaves, vesicles and receptacles. X 1 (del. P.) 
Sargassum acinacifolium S. and G. 
A habit sketch of a fragment of a frond, showing the charac- 
ters of the leaves, vesicles and receptacles. X 2 (del. H.) 
Sargassum Bryantu S. and G. 


A habit sketch of a portion of a frond, showing the characters 
of the leaves, vesicles and receptacles. X 1 (del. P.) 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLate 21 


816 


Fig. 7. 
Fig. 8. 


CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


Plate 22 


Gymnogongrus carnosus S. and G. 


A cross section of a portion of a frond. X 125 (del. H.) 


Gelidiopsis tenuis S. and G. 


A longitudinal section of a portion of a frond. X 125 (del. H.) 


Asparagopsis Sanfordiana f. amplissima S. and G. 


A short lateral branch bearing antheridia. X 30 (del. K.) 


Anatheca elongata S. and G. 


A section view showing the characters of the tetrapores. X 200 


(del. P.) 


A cross section view of a tetrasporic frond. X 50 (del. P.) 


Dicranema rosalie S. and G. 


A cross section of a mature frond. X 125 (del. H.) 


Gracilaria crispata S. and G. 


A habit-sketch of a fragment of a frond. X 1 (del. P.) 
A surface view showing groups of antheridia among the soma 


cells. X 250 (del. P.) 


Fig.9. A cross section of a tetrasporic plant. X 100 (del. P.) 


Fig. 10. 


Fig. 11. 
Fig. 12. 


Fig. 13. 
Fig. 14. 


A section view showing the antheridia in pits. X 125 (del. P.) 


Gracilaria Johnston S. and G. 


A surface view showing the groups of antheridia among the 
soma cells. X 125 (del. P.) 

A cross section showing the cortical and subcortical cells of a 
sterile frond. X 125 (del. P.) 

A cross section showing the antheridia in pits. 

A portion of a complete cross section of a sterile frond. X 50 
(del. P.) 


ia. 


/ 


PROG. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLATE 22 


—— eS eae 
Faraasoegeee cere pawgene Q0G202090009 AGOdOgS 


\ipsiiagiaaraae Tine eCegover JOGOIEE ae aes 
eye sanaauagabene < Sa" RVI AR 
004%D%9 ep ol'o SUAS OY IN (x 
ROSH 000 UO O@ 
Le§ SSS CH SJ 


Os 
O 
\) 


a 


U0ee 
O 


@ 


OO) 
q 


ye 


© 
Se 
o. 
U, 
() 


esos SO 
3S) 
op, 
Q 
9 
Q 
eceres S 
ressee 
tees eS Ss aw 


ea 

we" Qs. 

a aC re he ee eee 
6g CO SOO 

emcca | cs NG = 


< 
ISI zs = 
Pee eae 
ole Maal 


pore: ie ih Son the 
ee 
; 0 


14 9 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


24. 


2B), 


26. 


27. 


CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


Plate 23 


Laurencia obtusiuscula var. corymbifera S. and G. 


A habit sketch of the end of a frond. X 2 (del. K.) 
A sketch of a group of tetrasporic ramuli. X 10 (del. K.) 


Laurencia obtusiuscula S. and G. 
A sketch of a group of tetrasporic ramuli. X 10 (del. K.) 


Laurencia papillosa var. pacifica S. and G. 
A sketch of an antheridial ramulus. X. 10 (del. K.) 


Hypnea Johnston S. and G. 
Sketch of the end of a branch showing the character of the 
growing region. X 125 (del. K.) 
A sketch of a group of tetrasporic ramuli. X 15 (del. K.) 


A sketch showing the shape, size and arrangement of tetraspores. 
X 200 (del. K.) 


Hypnea Marchante S. and G. 


A sketch of a branch with tetrasporic ramuli. X 15 (del. K.) 
A sketch of the end of a branch showing the character of the 
growing point. X 125 (del. K.) 


Corallopsis excavata S. and G. 

A sketch of a cross section of a tetrasporic branch, showing the 
disposition of the tetrasporangia, the arrangement of tetra- 
spores and the openings through which the tetraspores escape. 
Diagrammatic (del. P.) 

A sketch of a tetrasporic ramulus. X 2.5 (del. P.) 


Gracilaria subsecundata S. and G. 


A cross section of a tetrasporic frond, showing the cortical and 
subcortical cells and tetraspores in position. (del. P.) 
A cross section of a tetrasporic frond. (del. P.) 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLATE 23 


So 
a] 


} 


Be 204 


ye 
08 


820 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 


Plate 24 


Gracilaria vivipara S. and G. 
Fig. 28. A portion of a cross section of a sterile frond. X 125 (del. H.) 
Fig.29. A portion of a cross section of a tetrasporic frond. X 125. 
(del. H.) 


Gracilaria pachydermatica S. and G. 


Fig. 30. Habit sketch of a mature frond. X 1 (del. P.) 
Fig. 31. A portion of a cross section of a frond near the base. X 125. 
(del. H.) 


Gymnogongrus carnosus S. and G. 
Fig. 32. A complete cross section of a frond. X 25 (del. H.) 


Laurencia papillosa var. pacifica S. and G. 
Fig. 33. A sketch of a cluster of antheridia. X 125 (del. K.) 


Laurencia estebaniana S. and G. 
Fig. 34. A sketch of a cluster of antheridia. X 150 (del. K.) 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH Series, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLATE 24 


aT 
Be ee 


ae oc 
LC 


IMSCy Ee 


aD OLA 8B Gd 
Paes (Mp ilisiliel 


5G Beh OL WEr 
MRChopdsss (Mh Daren 


R22 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 


Plate 25 


Estebania conjuncta S. and G. 


Fig. 35. A portion of a cross section of a tetrasporic frond. X 125 
(del. H.) 

Fig. 36. A portion of a cross section of a tetrasporic frond. X 75 
(del. K.) 


Schisymenia violacca S. and G. 


Fig. 37. Sketch of a part of a cross section of a cystocarpic frond. X 
150 (del. K.) 

Fig. 38. Sketch of a part of the cortex of a tetrasporic frond. X 150 

(del. K.) 


Prionitis abbreviata S. and G. 
Fig. 39. A sketch of a cross section of a frond extending from the center 
to the surface. X 250 (del. H.) 
Ceramium sinicola S. and G. 
Fig. 40. A sketch of a segment of a tetrasporic branch. X 125 (del. K.) 
Fig. 41. End of the same branch shown in fig. 40. X 125 (del. K.) 
Eucheuma Johnstonti S. and G. 


Fig. 42. A sketch of a single tetrasporangium, showing the inequality in 
size of the tetraspores. X 125 (del. P.) 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLaTe 25 


20a eee BBG case couse ge Genes gees 
20 50 0 88 990992009 8 B0G0°90° 2 
1280 5 502 3 80°C og OS gem 08gee 
0. “: ° 

IDI et, rol) 1603+ 
Da ay) 05.0 Ook 
( 00 0 

0) Q 


ass S $ 
(e} 
era 422 799 oh 09 bee 
0 ) 7° 
es 2 00.708 ooh : 
0, O€EaMn,0 ea) 3 A0)u 0080 
o(* S a U9 0000, 909900 00 ry 
Wemedoee caress Oe 0.80)" HSsapangage oUPEsenay si 
9908 02000 ° 090% 9 Op boar) puoogyg oo 
081095 0080099200 09592000 9 400 20 OC £00000 90090 ))00 9/0040 00 Dp 94008 
Jerigeg gg ease coagaseses oa ae aa gg: mc atgen p00 soa Ea 
0898888 9 98s 8B50 88 conse 3s Sa 8 88 85 ath uitoaoal H 
0 
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35 


Heated 
BBE80808N poceoh eee ofS 

QMO OISO 
Oe 


Cl 
ae 


Fig. 43. 
Fig. 44. 


Fig. 45. 


Fig. 46. 


Fig. 47. 


Fig. 48. 


Fig. 49. 
Fig. 50. 


CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47TH Ser. 


Plate 26 


Ceramium fimbriatum S. and G. 


A diagrammatic sketch of a fragment of a frond. 
A sketch of a terminal branch. X 125 (del. P.) 


Grateloupia acroidalea S. and G. 


A sketch of a portion of a cross section, vegetative to the left 
and tetrasporic to the right. X 250 (del. P.) 
A sketch of a mature whole frond. X 1 (del. P.) 


Ceramium interruptum S. and G. 


A sketch of a branched segment of a tetrasporic frond, showing 
the interrupted cortication. X 50 (del. K.) 


Centroceras bellum S. and G. 
A sketch of segments of a tetrasporic plant. X 125 (del. P.) 


Ceramium horridum S. and G. 
A sketch of a terminal fragment of a frond. X40 (del. P.) 
A sketch of the ends of three branches, the upper one having 
two growing points. X 125 (del. P.) 


*§ 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 


[SETCHELL anb GARDNER] PLATE 26 


Fig. 51. 
Fig. 52. 
Fig. 53. 
Fig. 54. 
Fig. 55. 


Fig. 56. 


Fig. 57. 


Fig. 58. 


A 
A 


A 
A 


A 


A 


A 


x 


CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


Plate 27 


Ceramium procumbens S. and G. 
sketch of a portion of a mature frond, showing mostly op- 
posite branching. X 30 (del. K.) 
sketch of a short lateral tetrasporic ramulus. X 125 (del. K.) 
sketch of a cystocarpic ramulus. X 125 (del. K.) 
sketch of an antheridial ramulus. X 125 (del. K.) 


Ceramium caudatum S. and G. 
sketch of a segment of a mature tetrasporic ramulus. X 125 
(del. K.) 
sketch of a segment of the main frond near the base. X 125 
(del. K.) 
sketch of the end of a tetrasporic branch. X 125 (del. K.) 


Ceramiuim serpens S. and G. 


sketch of a portion of a tetrasporic plant, showing a horizontal 
filament with attachments and with erect free branches. X 125 


(del. P.) 


[SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLATE 27 


4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 


a) 
tale) 


Ay 
oD 


Fig. 59. 


Fig. 60. 


Fig. 63. 


Fig. 64. 


CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. 


Plate 28 


Heterosiphonia sinicola S. and G. 
A sketch of a segment of a frond showing the character of the 
surface cells and of the interior cells. X 60 (del. H.) 
A cross section of a mature frond. X 75 (del. H.) 
Polyopes sinicola S. and G. 


A cross section of a frond at the margin. X 75 (del. K.) 


Callithamnion endovagum S. and G. 

A sketch of a cross section of the host, showing the penetrating 
filaments of the Callithamnion, and the free filaments with 
procarps. X 125 (del. K.) 

Colacodasya sinicola S. and G. 


A sketch of a free filament showing numerous antheridia. X 
125 (del. H.) 


Ceramium bicorne S. and G. 
Sketches of terminal fragments. X 250 (del. H.) 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL anD GARDNER] PLATE 28 


SSS 


SS — 


2. 
SIO GC Dy ee 


SSS 
Sea 
é 


830 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER. 


Plate 29 


Laurencia sinicola S. and G. 


Fig. 65. A sketch of a fragment of a tetrasporic frond. X 4 (del. K.) 
Fig. 66. A sketch of a fragment of a cystocarpic frond. X 10 (del. K.) 


Laurencia obtusiuscula var. laxa S. and G. 
Fig. 67. A sketch of a few tetrasporic ramuli. X 10 (del. K.) 


Laurencia sp. 
Fig. 68. A sketch of a tetrasporic ramulus. X 40 (del. P.) 
Fig. 69. A sketch of a fragment of a plant. X 1.5 (del. P.) 


Ceramium sp. 
Fig. 70. A sketch of a terminal fragment of an antheridial frond. X 
125 (del. P.) 
Fig.71. The same as fig. 70. X 25 (del. P.) 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLaTe 26 


000 
0000 ‘ 0 No 
OR DCF 


(Ga 


Aaa 


sna 
i 


Plate 30 


Codium Brandegeci S. and G. 
A photograph of the type specimen. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] Ptate 30 


at Plate 31 


Q Codium simulans S: and G. 
A photograph of the type specimen. 


e 
a % 
r 
~ 
* 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL ano GARDNER] PLATE 31 


NEGATIVE! 
‘No Ice Ses 


1! 2 3 a 


836 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47TH Ser. 


Plate 32 


A. Codiuwm conjunctum S. and G. 
A photograph of the type specimen. X 1. 
B. Codium cervicorne S. and G. 


A photograph of the type specimen. X 1. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29° [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLATE 32 


Plate 33 


Codium reductum. S. and G. 
A photograph of the type specimen Glineel, 3 i, 


ee 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLaTeE 33 


i ie Plate 34 he 


Codium cuncatum S. and G. 


A photograph of the type specimen. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL anD GARDNER] PLATE 34 


842 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 


Plate 35 


Codium amplivesiculatum S. and G. 
A photograph of a portion of the type specimen, dried. 


[Proc. 47H Ser. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLaTe 35 


844 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 


Plate 36 


Codium unilaterale S. and G. 
A photograph of the type specimen. X 1. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLATE 36 


: Codium longiramo 
A photograph of the t 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL anD GARDNER] PLATE 37 


| 
| 


Plate 38 


Enteromorpha acanthophora Kuetz. 


A photograph of a few typical specimens of the collection, Jo 
a, 2€ il, | 


ai 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL aND GARDNER] PLATE 38 


Plate 39 


Dictyota Johnstoni S. ama G 


; A photograph of the type specimen. X 1. — ; 
e iy 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLaTe 39 


852 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


Plate 40 


A. NXenococcus deformans S. and G. 


A photograph showing the deformed host. 


B. Chondria acrorhizophora S. and G. 


A photograph of two tetrasporic plants showing habit. X 1. 


C. Centroceras bellum S. and G. 


A photograph showing the character of the end of a filament. 


X 145. 


PROG. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLate 40 


854 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47u Ser. 


Plate 41 


Asparagopsis Sanfordiana £. amplissima S. and G. 


A photograph of the type specimen showing the general habit. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 


[SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLate 41 


ea 
— 1 
vee ELS | 

1! 9} 3 a 5 

Flac lc. | alee 
Ue ee 


856 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


Plate 42 


A. Hypnea Marchante S. and G. 

A photograph of a fragment of a tetrasporic plant. X 10. 
B. Polyopes sinicola S. and G. 

A photograph of the type specimen. X 1. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] Plate 42 


Plate 43 


Laurencia papillosa var. pacifica S. and G. 
ACK IS Bees: 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL anp GARDNER] PLATE 43 


860 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 


Plate 44 


A. Gracilaria crispata S. and G. 
A photograph of the type specimen. X 1. 


B. Corallopsis excavata S. and G. 


A photograph showing the moniliform tetrasporic branches. X 1. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL anD GARDNER] PLaTe 44 


Plate 45 


A. Laurencia estebaniana S. and G.~ 
A photograph of the type specimen. X 1. 


B. Laurencia obtusiuscula var. corymbifera S. and G. 
A photograph of the type specimen. X 1. 


_ PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL aND GARDNER] Plate 45 


264 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Sex. 


Plate 46 


A. Gelidium Johnstonti S. and G. 
A photograph of a fragment of a cystocarpic plant. X 4. 
B. Gigartina Chauvini (Bory) Mont. 
A photograph of the type specimen. X 1. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH Series, VoL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL anD GARDNER] PLaTE 46 


_L at 


3 
AC fa hy BAO eo 
$M] PXAKIS 
Re Wee K 
SAS rar, . Fe LA {h 


866 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


Plate 47 


A. Gymnogongrus carnosus S. and G. 


A photograph of the type specimen. X 1. 


B. Heterosiphonia sinicola S. and G. 
A photograph of the type specimen. X 1. 


868 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4T1 Srp. 


Plate 48 


Corallopsis excavata S. and G, 
A photograph of the type specimen. X 0.5. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLATE 48 


870 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 


Plate 49 


A. Polysiphonia Marchante S. and G. 
A photograph of the type specimen. X 1. 


B. Callymenia pertusa S. and G. 


A photograph of the type specimen. X 1. 


[Proc. 411 Ser. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] Plate 49 


CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 


w~ 
N 
bo 


Plate 50 


A. Laurencia simcola S. and G. 
A photograph of the type material. 


B. Prionitis abbreviatus S. and G. 
A photograph of the type specimen. X 1. 


[Proc. 47TH Ser. 


[SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLaTE 50 


ATH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 


874. CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 


Plate 51 


A. Callophyllis Johnstonu S. and G. 
A photograph of the type specimen of a cystocarpic plant. 


B. Callophyllis Johnstonn S. and G. 


A photograph of a tetrasporic plant. X 1. 


C. Gracilaria lacerata S. and G. 
A photograph of typical specimens. X 1. 


[Proc. 471 Ser. 


XC ile 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH Series, VOL. XII, No. 29. [SETCHELL anD GARDNER] PLATE 51 


‘Plate 52 
A. Laurencia Johnstonii S. and G. 
A photograph of a small plant. X 1. 
B. Laurencia obtusiuscula var. laxa S. and G. 
A photograph of the type specimen. X 1. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] Plate 52 


878 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 


Plate 53 


Laurencia Johnstonu S. and G. 


A photograph of the type specimen. X 1. 


[Proc. 47H Ser. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] Plate 53 


880. CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


Plate 54 


Laurencia papillosa var. pacifica S. and G. 
A photograph of the type specimen. X 1. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] Plate 54 


and G.._ 


Laurencia btusiuscula Se 
A photograph of the type sp xX 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLATE 55 


Plate 56 


Hypnea Marchante S. and G. 
A photograph of the type specimen, (a) tetrasporic, (b) ster : 


[SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLaTe 56 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 


Plate 57 


—Hypuca Johnstoni 
A photograph of the type specimen. X 1. 


x 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLATE 57 


Plate 58 


Gracilaria sp. X 1. | 


[SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLATE 58 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 


Plate 59 


“Gracilaria subsecundata S. and G. 


nor A photograph of the type specimen. X 1. 
re SRR ty : 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] Plate 59 


D> 


IV 


2 
CENTIMETERS 


892 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 41H Ser. 


Plate 60 


Gracilaria Johnstoni S. and G. 


A photograph of the type specimen. X 0.5. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PtaTe 60 


804 CALIFCRNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 


Plate 61 


Gracilaria pinnata S. and G. 


A photograph of typical fragments of sterile plants. X 1. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLate 61 


896 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


Plate 62 


Gracilaria sinicola S. and G. 
A photograph of the type specimen. X 2/3. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29. [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLATE 62 


898 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser, 


Plate 63 


Gracilaria vivipara S. and G. 
A photograph of the type specimen. X 2/3. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL aND GARDNER] PLaTe 63 


Plate 64 


Gracilaria Vivesii Howe. 
A photograph of a sterile specimen. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL anp GARDNER] PLaTe 64 


{ 
; i 
i 
2 


tape) a 
CENTMETERS 


902 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47TH Ser. 


Plate 65 


Eucheuma Johnstonii S. and G. 
A photograph of a fragment of a tetrasporic plant. X 1. 


[SETCHELL anD GARDNER] PLaTE 65 


4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 


904 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


Plate 66 


Eucheuwma Johnstonu S. and G. 


A photograph of a fragment of a tetrasporic plant. X 2. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL anD GARDNER] PLATE 66 


Slee 
‘CALIFOR 
4 


Plate 67 


Eucheuma uncinatum S. and G. : 
_A photograph of a fragment of a tetrasporic plant, showing the br 
A character of the uncinate ramuli. X 3. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SC!., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL aND GARDNER] Plate 67 


908 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 


Plate 68 


Eucheuma uncinatum S. and G. 


A photograph of the type specimen of cystocarpic plant. X 1. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29. [SETCHELL AND GARDNER]PLaTE 68 


910 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


Plate 69 


Anatheca clongata S. and G. 


A photograph of the type specimen. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLATE 69 


WW 


ee 


|3 


I/ 


. 7 - TEL i 7 
fi ; : et 
Tee Too oe, a ae 
7 ¥ } , 7 A a) 
ity \ * y 
f ih ye We & 
‘ Ny ie eae 
_ ( tad Aha ie 
912 iB. = ey : 


Plate 70 


Gigartina Chauvinit (Bory) Mont. 
A photograph of a wide specimen. X 2/3. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLATE 70 


914 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES _ [Proc. 41H Sex. 


Plate 71 


Gelidium decompositum S. and G. 
A photograph of the type specimen. X 1. 


[SETCHELL anD GARDNER] PLaTeE 71 


4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 


el ant 


CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF S 


Plate 72 


Gelidium Johnstonti S. and G. 
A photograph of the type of a cystocarpic specimen. X 1. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLatTe 72 


918 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 


Plate 73 


Gelidium Johnstoniu S. and G. 


A photograph of the type of a tetrasporic specimen. X 1. 


[SETCHELL anD GARDNER] PLATE 73 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 


Pe 


4 
iy fi 
wart), 


920 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47TH Ser. 


Plate 74 


Ceramium bicorne S. and G. 


A photograph of the type specimen, cystocarpic. X 10. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLaTe 74 


Q22 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


Plate 75 


Ceramium sinicola S. and G. 


A photograph of fragments of tetrasporic plants. X 10. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL anD GARDNER] PLaTE 73 


O24 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


Plate 76 


Ceramium Johnustont S. and G. 


A photograph of a typical portion of a tetrasporic plant with numerous 
proliferations. X 6.5. 


nage 


= 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCl., 4TH SERIES, 


VOL. XII, No. 29 


[SETCHELL anp GARDNER] Plate 76 


926 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47m Ser. 


Plate 77 


Ceramium Johnstonit S. and G. 


A photograph of typical fragments of a tetrasporic plant nearly free from 
proliferations. X 10. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLATE 77 


928 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 41H Ser. 


Plate 78 


Centroceras bellum S. and G. 
A photograph of typical fragments of tetrasporic plants, showing the 
single undivided growing points. X 10. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCl., 4TH SERIES. VOL. XII. No. 29. [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLaTeE 78 


a, 


930 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Srr. 


Plate 79 


Ceramium horridum S. and G. 
A photograph of typical tetrasporic plants. X 5. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29. [SETCHELL aND GARDNER] PLaTe 79 


932 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


Plate 80 


Grateloupia prolongata J. Ag. 


A photograph of a group of long narrow plants. X 0.3. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH Series, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL anD GARDNER] Plate 80 


—— ? 
Z SSS 
~ 


, 
eet 
4 Rites: 


s Se a 


oO 


at: 


Plate 81 


Grateloupia squarrulosa S. and G. 
A photograph of a portion of the type specimen. X 0.75. 


| 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29. [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLATE 81 


CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


No) 
Go 
ON 


Plate 82 


Grateloupia squarrulosa S. and G. 
A photograph of a portion of a sterile frond. X 3. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] Pate 82 


938 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


Plate 83 


Grateloupia Howeii S. and G. 


A photograph of a group of typical specimens. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLaTe 83 


NEGATIVE 
Ne 


940 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 


Plate 84 


Grateloupia Johnstoni S. and G. 
A photograph of the type specimen. X 0.5. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL anD GARDNER] PLaTe 84 


942 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


Plate 85 


Estebania conjuncta S. and G. 


A photograph of the type specimen. X 2. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES. VOL. XII. No. 29 [SETCHELL anb GARDNER] PLATE 85 


O44 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


Plate 86 


Estebamia conjuncta S. and G. 


A photograph of a specimen with only slight anastomosing. X 2. 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLaTe 86 


\ 


Plate 87 


S chizymenia violacea S. and G. 
A photograph of the type specimen. 


II 


* 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VOL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL AND GARDNER] PLATE 87 


NEeamvepe Ee 
No ase s 


3} t 
| } 


Looaen 


tu bustuishuat til 


Plate 88 


Schisymenia Johnstoni 


A photograph of the type specimen. 


PROC, CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4TH SERIES, VoL. XII, No. 29 [SETCHELL anb GARDNER] PLATE 88 


3) 4) 5| 
| | | Thrrinviutalte 
Dimes SUUPEUNETEALUTUPUVTAVCHVUITHUEPOUPSES SERIES 


a3 


Los Coronados 8 


30/ 


30! 


Vad 


5a’ 


3o' 


ao; 


Ts. 


San FrancisguitoDay 
ye OP SEBASTIAN VISCAINO Santa Tireso Bay 
to bP” 
Sen Ben Cedros I ae 
° 
PtSn Eugenio} —~ 
LOWE R 


Ro 


arc 
‘° 


Batlenal.? 


Puerto 
Ballandro bo 


Isla Partida I, 


~ 


s 
Oy 
oe 


ESPIRITU SANTOT. 


ngel do la 
uardis I. 
SS. 


eee 


CALIFORNIA 


NS an MarcesL 
a 


S 
GS. Santo Incz J. 
/ 


GU 


MuLeor aS 

NGbadalupe Pe. 
Cay ote Bay 
Concspeton Bay \. qMldefonsos- 


Kc Pt, Santa 


Ptorone 


Peerto ober ee, 


Escondido i 


& > —— 
bie 
ttorapo Ss sS3 
eR ——e 
WY} 
wWillands. 
d vow 
ANGEL DE LA Monurn 
GUAM TIBURON I. 
7 Consag Rock 
o 
oy 
V 
Ye \ 
Ve Salinas Point 
va Amortojada Bay 
Yi 
Vi ‘Tepoca Bay 
V 
| SAN JOSEF I, 
= 
Yanvvis I. 
Luis Gonzales Day 
+ 
7 ot 
Nojialy 


LF 


OF 
Antonita 


dos 1. 
Carmen, 


See i 


SantaCatalina I. 


wa. Verde Bay 


\ rz 


J Santa Crux I, 
{ PSanDiegol. 


\NCALIFORNIA 


El Mostrador 


Rutfo Rancho 
Gordas Point 


CERALBO I. 


SONORA 


nS 


115° 


C.SanLazaro 


Santa arta 
=D 


GULF" of 
CALIFORNIA 


SHOWING ROUTE OF CALIFORNIA 


ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
EXPEDITION 


Based on Charts No.6£0, 621, (006 
Ss Hy drographic Office 


Drawn hy CDaltesHanna 


121 


Son Evaristo > 9 Ne Josef L 


Sanfrancisco I. 


Cite Partita) 


Santo I- 


J , 
P , r b i ORL eee pe ony 
ut 
F ; 4 Pa ed a onan | ste epenele whee on Aatnlinhiny lanenbsid So tmmiieali han mp Ses 
nny 
tie ite 
laut : 
| h 
| 
at 
ee i 
| 
| 
Hoel, 
i! 
| 
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y rue ee hema 
: : aD NHS FA og boineictha sea os retirees we RL MENG 


we 


Tssued October yr Torr : 
‘Phe snakes of th 


‘anuary 17, 19 
Z0COS Island. 5 


The ‘Birds Sieh fhe ae eat wai Das 
on the. Birds, of ‘Cocos, and eee, Aslands 


© (Issued August TT ME 
Sioa The Galapagoan Lizards: of she ‘Gents: Tho. 


ah Revie ‘of he’ ‘Albatrtons. eee fathom 


Pa Leverett yee Loomis. Plates 1- 17. Ussued : 


Bes 189-258." XTIT.: Pield’ Notes on the iad Birds of. ‘the ite 
. pagos Islands: and of Cocos. Island; ‘Costa Rica By 1 Edward 
‘ ‘Winslow Geer (Issued June 16, 1919). ve 
Pages Se ote oy XIV. The? Ants of. “the / Galapagos Islands. ‘By : 
) William Morton: Wheel er. Cssued June 
- 10, LOI.) CA 
‘ The ‘Ants of. Cocos. ‘Tsland. By aii 
43 *Morton’ Wheeler. (Issued June 16, 2919.) 
“XVL. A uN ew Speciesiof the ‘Hymenopterous Genus 
.. . Scleroderma from the Galapagos Islands. © 
ic ite By Charles T. Brues.. (Issued June 16, 
Taser ah RAO et ty aie 'TQIQ.) Price for the three papers: : é 
“Pages 311-345. XVII. © Detmaptera and Ortho) .. By Morgan - 
4 Se aE AO “Hebard. Plate 18. - figures 1-: 
~ (issued December 30, ao ss 
iaien: Sates e VOLUME Ii © Bae 
Paes 1-40, BN Further Stratigraphic Study. in’ me Monat Diablo - 
~ Range of California. By Frank M “Anderson: ‘Plate 1 Cssued 
- October. 32, 1908). . ie | 
Pages 41-48. . Description of \a New fae ‘of ‘Sea Snake’ from’ th 4 
Philippine Sens with a Note onthe Palatine: ae ‘in the 
» Proteroglypha. By John Van Denburgh and Jos ph C, Th 
‘son, (issued December 31, 1908). 
Opes 49-56. ‘New and. Previously Unrecorded Speties of Reailes 
ue ‘and Amp As ‘from’ the’ mag is Ne By, John’ Van 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF THE 
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
FourTH SERIES 


Vout. XII, No. 30, pp. 951-1218, with map May 31, 1924 


XXX 


EXPEDITION OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY 
OF SCIENCES TO THE GULF OF 
CALIFORNIA IN 1921 


THE BOTANY 
(THE VASCULAR PLANTS) 


BY 
IVAN MURRAY JOHNSTON 


From the middle of April to the middle of July, 1921, the 
writer was botanist of the expedition which the California 
Academy of Sciences sent out for the biological exploration 
of the islands and shores of the Gulf of California. During 
the three months spent on the expedition, collections were 
made on all the 30 odd important islands in the gulf, at five 
localities in Sonora, and at 14 localities on the peninsula of 
Lower California. The present paper embodies the results 
which have been derived from the collections, field observa- 
tions, and subsequent herbarium studies. Although especially 
concerned with the flora of the gulf islands and shores, the 
paper contains much relating to the flora of Lower California. 


GEOGRAPHY 


The peninsula occupied by the territory of Lower or Baja 
California is the boldest feature of the west coast of Mexico. 
It has a width varying between 50 and 225 kilometers and 


May 31, 1924 


952 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 


extends southeastward for about 1600 kilometers, spanning 10 
degrees of north latitude (22° 53’ to 32° 42’) and nearly eight 
degrees of west longitude (117° 8’ to 109° 25’). Between this 
peninsula and the mainland coast, occupied by the Mexican 
states of Sonora and Sinaloa, occurs the narrow strip of water 
called the Gulf of California. The gulf varies from 100 to 
200 kilometers in width, and, like all the other topographic 
features of the region, has a southeasterly trend. Within the 
Gulf of California there are about 40 islands with areas of 20 
to 1000 square kilometers, and about as many more islets and 
rocks. These islands and rocks are mainly close to shore; 
only opposite the middle of the peninsula do they extend out 
towards midgulf. 


GEOLOGY 


The gross features of the peninsula of Lower California 
are the result of extensive block faulting which has tilted, 
except in the extreme south, the component mountain blocks 
towards the west. This is strikingly evidenced in the oriented 
front with which the peninsular mountain blocks face the gulf, 
particularly so in the huge cliff-like escarpments that form 
the gulf-face of the Sierra Giganta, and in the abruptly aris- 
ing east face of the granitic ranges that occupy the northern 
half of the peninsula. Practically every section across the 
peninsula (cf. Darton, Jour. Geol., 29:722, £.2-4. 1921) shows 
a definite and often considerable tilting towards the west. 
The present features of the peninsula resulted mainly from an 
extensive uplift in late Tertiary time. ‘The subsidence and 
deepening of the trough of the present gulf was probably 
contemporaneous with the peninsular uplift. The peninsula 
has not, however, been in a static condition since the close of 
the Tertiary. The wide occurrence and the variable heights 
of Pleistocene and Recent sediments show that elevation and 
subsidence has occurred, and that the movements were not 
general, but rather of local character, the various mountain 
blocks being affected very unequally. The submergences dur- 
ing Pleistocene and Recent were probably very short and are 
not to be compared with the very general inundations during 
the Tertiary. 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 953 


The Gulf of California is a submerged trough lying between 
the elevated areas that now form the peninsula and the Mexi- 
can mainland. Structurally, it is intimately related to the area 
in California now occupied by the Colorado Desert, that area 
of negative altitude being usually considered the dried-out 
northern part of the ancient Gulf of California which has been 
cut off from the lower gulf by a delta-dam built by the Colo- 
rado River. The present gulf is not a very deep body of 
water. A narrow tongue 2000 meters in depth extends up 
midgulf for 250 kilometers to somewhere opposite San Josef 
Island, and a broader tongue of 1000 meters depth extends as 
far north as San Pedro Martir Island. Depths of 500 meters 
occur north to the straits between Angel de la Guarda and 
Tiburon islands, but north of that point the gulf gets no deeper 
than 200 meters and averages considerably less. With the 
exception of the straits just mentioned, there is no suggestion 
of the occurrence or previous existence of a land bridge across 
the gulf. The gulf seems to be a trough which gradually 
lessens in depth from the middle towards the sides, and from 
the mouth towards the head. 

Little seems to be on record regarding the larger phases 
of the geology of the Sonoran coastal region. That region 
appears to consist largely of volcanic hills and sandy plains. 
It seems probable that most of the Sonoran coast arose from 
the sea at about the same period as the land across the gulf. 
The hills about Guaymas and for about 80 kilometers to the 
north are volcanic, consisting of basalt, tufa, and agglomerate. 
In the hills behind Guaymas a number of old sea-caves were 
noted which, though now over 50 meters above the ocean, 
contained unconsolidated sands and modern shells. This indi- 
cates recent movement in at least one section of the coast. 
South of Guaymas the mountains recede and a broad low 
sandy plain fronts the ocean. About 90 kilometers north of 
Guaymas another sandy plain faces the sea. From the latter 
projects a volcanic mass, similar to the adjacent Pelican 
Island, bearing the name of Kino Point. The range of hills 
which appears on the mainland opposite Tiburon Island is 
probably volcanic like the island. About Tepoca Bay the 
hills are scoriz-covered, but the bluffs along the shore are 
recent alluvium. 


954 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER. 


. Roughly speaking, the peninsula of Lower California con- 
sists of three grand petrographic divisions: a northern granitic 
region, a central volcanic-sedimentary region, and an extreme 
southern granitic region. Regarding these regions the fol- 
lowing facts are of interest: 

The half of the peninsula north of latitude 28° is character- 
ized by its diverse relief and byan abundanceof intrusive rocks. 
Vulcanism seems to have played only a minor part in the 
formation of this area. Along this section the prevailing light 
color of the rocks was particularly noted since it contrasted so 
with the brown which was the dominant color in the region 
just south. No large sedimentary deposits were seen, but 
here as in all other parts of the gulf, are numerous elevated 
beaches several meters above the present level of the gulf. 
Along the western side of this section of the peninsula Eocene 
beds are reported as common (Darton, Jour., Geol., 29:728. 
1921). Emmons and Merrill (Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 
5:503-511. 1894) have found evidences of peneplaining in the 
interior, as well as travertine beds supposed to have been 
derived from lake deposits. Tectonic forces have been re- 
cently active in the area, for Wittich (Mem. Soc. Cien. Antonio 
Alzate, Mexico, 35:122. 1920) reports the occurrence near 
San Borja Mission of an elevated beach containing modern 
shells, although at an altitude of 1052 meters. 

The gulf islands off the northern part of the peninsula are 
peculiar in that they are almost wholly volcanic, whereas the 
adjacent peninsula seems to be largely granitic. They appear 
to represent a range of partially submerged hills separated 
from the adjacent peninsula by a channel of over 400 meters 
depth. Angel de la Guarda, Smiths, Sal si Puedes, and North 
and South San Lorenzo, certainly belong to the same group, 
as shown by their uniformity in structure and their alignment. 
It is probable that San Esteban also belongs to this group, for 
though nearer to Tiburon Island it is surrounded by depths, 
and is composed of rock which seems to indicate affinities 
with the islands to the west of it. San Esteban Island has 
scorize-covered slopes and much breccia. Tiburon Island is 
volcanic (Jones, Mining World, 32:269-270. 1910), but not 
so pronouncedly so as Angel de la Guarda Island and its 
associates, and seems to be structurally similar to the hills on 


Vor. XIT] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 955 


the adjacent Sonoran coast from which it is separated only by 
a shoal channel averaging less than 4 meters depth. South 
San Lorenzo Island is topped by a thick bed of gypsum which 
is probably of similar age and origin as the gypsum deposits 
about Santa Rosalia which Fuchs (Soc. Geol. France, III, 
14:81. 1886) seems to consider late Miocene or early 
Pliocene. Although Angel de la Guarda Island is entirely 
volcanic, in the harbor at the north end (Puerto Refugio) 
there is an islet composed of a coarse-grained granite. San 
Luis Island, which lies 100 kilometers northwest of Angel de 
la Guarda Island, is wholly volcanic, being composed of ash 
and basalt, and probably is to be associated with the local 
evidences of volcanic activity observed back of San Luis Gon- 
zales Bay. 

The second petrographic division of the peninsula is char- 
acterized by a relative scarcity of intrusive material and by a 
uniformity of topography. It consists primarily of a huge, 
tilted, cafion-cut, lava-capped plateau. From the gulf it is 
grandly picturesque. At the north end stands the triple peak 
of the volcano of Las Tres Virgines. A little farther south 
there begins a huge wall which shows the truncate strata of 
the faulted blocks that form that section of the peninsula. 
This tremendous scarp-face, which rises only a few kilometers 
from the gulf shore and stretches away for many kilometers 
as an imposing wall 1000 to 1500 meters high, is called the 
Sierra Giganta. Its rocks are evidently stratified and, accord- 
ing to Darton (Jour. Geol., 29:745. 1921), consist of a mix- 
ture of late Tertiary sandstones, conglomerates, agglomerates, 
tufas, and lavas. Only bedded volcanic fragments were seen 
in the cafions visited. Gabb (Browne, Resources Pac. Coast, 
Lower Calif., 115. 1868) reporting that the volcanic frag- 
ments in the agglomerates decrease in size, number, and 
attrition as the strata approach the west, suggests that the 
beds may have been derived from a mid-Tertiary land-mass 
lying to the east of the present peninsula. What are assumed 
to be Pliocene deposits were frequent along this section of the 
peninsula. The plain back of San Nicolas Bay consists of a 
series of gently sloping and very fossiliferous strata which 
probably are to be correlated with the beds occurring near 
Loreto and on the level plain of Coronados Island. On Mon- 


956 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 


serrate Island and on the south end of Carmen Island there 
are also large, slightly dipping fossiliferous beds. Elevated 
beaches of recent date are common, but are particularly well 
developed at Puerta Ballandra on Carmen Island where a fine 
fossil coral-reef was noted. 

The islands of the midsection of the peninsula are various in 
structure. Tortuga is a recently extinct volcano separated 
from the peninsula by a depth of 1300 meters. San Marcos 
seems to be partly granitic (?) and partly gypsum, and is 
connected to the peninsula by shoals scarcely eight meters 
deep. Ildefonso seems to be a basaltic mass similar to San 
Pedro Martir. Coronados consists of a pile of basalt situated 
upon (?) a sedimentary plain and connected by shoals to the 
peninsula. Danzante and Espiritu Santo (the latter belong- 
ing to the third section of the peninsula) both have structures 
similar to that in the Sierra Giganta and probably represent 
less elevated fragments of that mass. Carmen (Cook, Eng. 
& Mining Jour., 85:545-546. 1908), San Josef (Mex. Bol. 
Minero, 2:504-505. 1916), Monserrate, San Diego, Santa 
Cruz, and Catalina all seem largely composed of intrusives, 
perhaps of the pre-Cretaceous granitic rocks which Darton 
(Jour. Geol., 29:725. 1921) indicates as underlying the penin- 
sula. With the exception of Tortuga and Ildefonso, all the 
islands in this part of the gulf connect with the peninsula 
through shoals or obvious alignments with topographic 
features. This is well exemplified in the case of Catalina, 
Santa Cruz, San Diego, and San Josef which are in line and 
composed of the same rock yet separated by depths of from 80 
to over 400 meters. 

The third petrographic division of the peninsula consists of 
that area south of La Paz which is commonly known as the 
cape region or cape district. It is a very definite division since 
it is separated from the area immediately north by a sandy 
plain of less than 30 meters altitude. This plain was probably 
flooded in comparatively recent times and the present cape 
region was then an island. The district is very rough, con- 
sisting of several compact mountain ranges (Nelson, Mem. 
Nat. Acad. Sci., 16:62-65. 1921). The highest and most mas- 
sive mountain block, which forms the western half of the 
region, consists of granite, but the eastern half is formed of 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 957 


metamorphic and volcanic rocks and even, according to Eisen 
(Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., II, 5:754. 1895), scattering beds of 
limestone. The cape region has its abrupt face on the west 
and appears to slope towards the east. It is therefore the only 
exception to the prevailing westerly tilt of the peninsula. 
Tertiary deposits are reported by Wittich (Boll. Soc. Geol. 
Mex., 6:7. 1909) to be common, and the same author speaks 
of an abundance of elevated beaches (Globus, 97 :379. 1910). 

There are two islands lying off the cape region. Ceralbo is 
granitic and lines up with Punta Arena de la Ventana from 
which it is separated by a channel of 150 meters depth. 
Fossiliferous sediments, probably of Pliocene age, are perched 
on the island near Ruffo’s Ranch. Espiritu Santo seems to 
have the relation to the Sierra Giganta already indicated. It 
is composed of large tilted stratified deposits of volcanic ma- 
terial which are resting upon granitic rocks that are well 
exposed along the east side of the island (Darton, Jour. Geol., 
29:725, £.4, sec. 21. 1921). The island is separated from 
the peninsula by a shoal channel the maximum depth of which 
is 15 meters. The point of land forming the eastern arm of 
La Paz Bay appears to be wholly volcanic, but though Espiritu 
Santo is connected to it by shoals, the two may not be struc- 
turally related inasmuch as they show a lack of agreement 
in the bolder features of structure. 


CLIMATE 


Since Nelson (Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci., 16:95-102. 1921) 
has treated the subject in detail, the climate of the region will 
here be discussed only in the most general way; suffice to say 
that the islands in, and the area surrounding, the Gulf of 
California are decidedly arid, the annual rainfall averaging 
under 5 centimeters. The yearly precipitation is not only 
small, but is irregular in occurrence and quantity, the region 
being subjected to alternations of wet and dry years. In the 
extreme north the rains occur mainly in the winter, but over 
the remainder of the gulf area they come usually between 
July and October. As in the deserts to the north, the region 
about the gulf is visited by short cloudbursts which may pour 
out on a small area as much as 1.5 decimeters of rain and put 


958 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER. 


raging torrents into the broad commonly dry washes. The 
visit to the gulf area was made following a year of very light 
rain and during the closing months of the dry season. During 
the last days of June showers occurred along the Sonoran coast 
about Guaymas, and when that area was visited a week later 
many shrubs were found hastening into bloom. 

During spring and summer the gulf is visited by north- 
westerly breezes which are preceded in winter by heavy winds 
from the same direction. With the coming of autumn and 
the rainy season the region is harried by fierce electrical storms 
coming from the southeast. These fall storms, the so-called 
cordonazos, blow violently for several days and at times be- 
come so furious as to be very destructive to life and property 
on the peninsula. 

In the gulf area the average winter temperature is between 
20° and 25° C. The hottest months are in the summer and 
early autumn, when temperatures of 30° to 40° C. are common. 
During the summer the gulf waters become very warm, in the 
south as high as 25° or 30° C., too hot for enjoyable bathing. 


PHYTOGEOGRAPHY 


Floristically, the region about the Gulf of California, here 
loosely designated as the “gulf area,” is not homogeneous, nor, 
as might be supposed, is it essentially similar to the adjacent 
region immediately north of the international boundary. It 
was observed that two distinct floras are present within the 
gulf area. One was recognized as very similar to the flora 
of Southern California (this largely a modified austral one) ; 
the other was strange and later found to be a southernly- 
derived, arid, tropical flora. Very roughly, it may be said 
that the floristic break in the gulf area occurs at about 29° 30’ 
N. latitude. Of course the flora does not change abruptly 
when that latitude is crossed, but the total effect on either side 
of it is different and the difference becomes more pronounced 
as it is left behind. ‘The two principal floras of the gulf area 
may be taken as constituting a northern or Californian, and a 
southern or Sinaloan province. 

The northern province of the gulf area has the flora of south- 
ern California weakly diluted by tropical elements. This flora 


Vo. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 959 


in its characteristic form was found onthe peninsula at San Luis 
Gonzales Bay, but south of that point its hold on the territory 
seems to consist only of insignificant local areas. At San 
Felipe Bay, north of San Luis Gonzales Bay, the flora, as 
listed and photographed by MacDougal (Carnegie Inst. Wash. 
Publ. 99:42-43, t. 45-47. 1908), is essentially that of the 
Colorado Desert. The flora of the delta of the Colorado River 
and the area adjacent is even more strongly like that of the 
Colorado Desert (MacDougal, op. cit., 33-34 and 40-42). A 
nearly typical Colorado Desert landscape and flora were found 
on the Sonoran coast at Tepoca Bay. ‘The same flora occurs 
in a diluted form on the north end of Tiburon Island. It is 
also to be noted that 70% of the plants collected in the Pina- 
cate Mountain Region (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16:7-20. 
1912), an area southeast from the Colorado River delta, 
represent species found in the Colorado Desert of California. 
The plants which may be considered typical of the northern 
province in the gulf area are: Fouquieria splendens, Opuntia 
bigelovi, Parosela spinosa, Franseria ilicifolia, Frankenia 
palmeri, Coldenia palmeri and Encelia farimosa. Within the 
province the flora may be strikingly like that of the Colorado 
Desert, as for example, at San Luis Gonzales Bay and Tepoca 
Bay where most of the following grew together :—Larrea 
divaricata, Encelia farinosa, Fouqueria splendens, Parosela 
spinosa, Parosela emoryi, Hyptis emoryi, Olneya tesota, 
Prosopis chilensis, Franseria dumosa, Bebbia juncea, and 
Opuntia bigelovi, as well as such lowly plants as Cryptantha 
angustifolia, Coldenia palmert, CEnothera cardiophylla, Tri- 
choptilium incisum, Perityle emoryi, Hofmeisteria pluriseta, 
Trixis californica, Simmondsia chinensis, Peucephyllum 
schottu, Psathyrotes ramosissima, Parosela mollis, Eriogonum 
inflatum, Mohavea confertiflora, and Mirabilis tenwiloba. 
Little is known of the land immediately back of the coast 
in Sonora, but the evidence at hand seems to indicate that the 
tropical elements range much farther northward in the interior 
than they do along the gulf. A more detailed statement can 
be made of the peninsula flora which lies back from the gulf 
coast. As Nelson (Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci., 16:117-118, t. 31. 
1921) has shown, the northern part of the peninsula is clearly 
occupied by three very distinct life-districts, all continuations 


960 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER. 


of districts occurring north of the international boundary. 
First, there is the northeast corner of the peninsula consisting 
of the narrow gulf-fronting plain east of the high mountains, 
which has a flora almost wholly that of the Colorado Desert 
and which is charactertistic of the Lower Sonoran Zone of 
this area (cf. Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6:321-322. 
1910). Second, there are the conifer-clad summits of the 
high mountain which run for over 200 kilometers south from 
the international boundary and which have a dilute boreal 
flora characteristic of the Canadian and Transition zones (cf. 
Abrams, op. cit., 303-312). Third and finally, there is the 
northwest part of the peninsula lying west of the high moun- 
tains and extending southward to about Rosario in which 
there occurs the dilute Upper (?) Sonoran Zone flora char- 
acteristic of the San Diego Bay Region (cf. Abrams, op. cit., 
319-320). Nelson has named these three biotic areas the 
Colorado Desert District, the San Pedro Martir District, and 
the San Diegan District. Brandegee (Zoe. 4:199-210. 1893) 
has listed the most conspicuous species of the San Pedro 
Martir and San Diegan districts. In the interior of the penin- 
sula most of the Californian species seem to reach their south- 
ern limit near the southern end of the San Pedro Martir 
Range at about N. lat. 30°, but along both coasts they appear 
to push a little further southward. 

The southern province of the gulf area has a flora evidently 
derived from the arid tropical flora of Sinaloa and southern 
Sonora. When compared with the northern province it pre- 
sents a group of genera almost completely different, and a 
vegetation which seems more lignescent. .On the peninsula, 
it is this section that has developed such startling types as 
Veatchia discolor, Fouquieria columnaris, and Macherocereus 
eruca, as well as a large number of peculiar but unobtrusive 
forms which all together warrant the treating of this southern 
part of the peninsula as a distinct division of the Mexican arid 
tropical flora. This peninsular flora breaks up into two dis- 
tricts, the Cape Sierran District and the Comondu District. 

The Cape Sierran District includes the higher parts of the 
cape region and at least the higher cafions of the Sierra 
Giganta. It is small in area, but highly interesting, having a 
flora with affinities in California and in the Mexican highlands. 


Vor. XIT] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 961 


It is characterized by Pinus cembroides, Glaucothea brandegeei, 
Populus monticola, Nolina beldingi, Arbutus peninsularis, and 
Quercus devia, as well as by many other less conspicuous 
species. Brandegee (Zoe. 3:226. 1892) in his general paper 
on the cape region mentions many species of this district, 
designating them as growing on the “mountain tops.” The 
Cape Sierran District represents the Upper and Lower So- 
noran zones, which, due to their narrowness in the present 
case, had best be treated as one. 

The Comondt District is the largest and most important 
floral district on the peninsula, and is populated by species 
which in immediate origin are almost exclusively tropical. 
The whole district is to be classed as belonging to the Arid 
Tropical Zone. With the exception of the minor areas oc- 
cupied by the Cape Sierran District, all the peninsula lying 
south of N. lat. 30° appears to belong to the Comondu 
District. Due to its large size and great range of topography, 
the district is very rich in species, many of which are endemic. 

Taken as a whole, the Comondt District is characterized by 
such common trees and shrubs as Fouquieria peninsularis, 
Bursera rhotfoha, Jatropha spathulata, Pachycereus pringlei, 
Macherocereus gummosus, Atamisquea emarginata, Stegno- 
sperma halinufolia, Viscainoa geniculata, and Pithecollobium 
confine. As would be expected in any such attenuated area 
spanning so much latitude, the factor of geographic isolation 
has come into play and the flora shows tendencies to form 
minor phytogeographic areas that occupy definite segments on 
the peninsula. Within the Comondt District this segmenting 
tendency of the flora has resulted in the formation of three 
subdistricts which correspond more or less closely with the 
petrographical divisions of the district. These are called the 
Viscaino Desert Subdistrict, the Sierra Giganta Subdistrict, 
and the Cape Subdistrict. 

The Viscaino Desert Subdistrict occupies the Viscaino 
Desert and the granitic country lying north of the volcanic 
region, or very roughly, a little more than the northern middle 
quarter of the peninsula. This subdistrict is characterized par- 
ticularly by Veatchia discolor var. pubescens and by Fou- 
quieria columnaris, but is also indicated by the endemic 
Sideroxylon leucophyllum, Salvia californica, Aster frutescens, 


962 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Serr. 


Maurandya flavilora, Cuscuta veatchi, Perezia palmeri, Gilia 
falmeri, Loeselia gloriosa (Gilia gloriosa Brandg.), Pelucha 
trifida, and Phacelia pauciflora. The subdistrict was first de- 
fined as a district by Nelson (Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 16:118- 
119, t.31. 1921) who erred in referring it to the Upper 
Sonoran Zone rather than to the Arid Tropical Zone. The 
bulk of the widely distributed and feature-forming peninsular 
trees and shrubs reach their northern limit within this sub- 
district. The flora of the Viscaino Desert Subdistrict is char- 
acterized, and certainly is populated, by species and genera of 
plants whose relations are undoubtedly southern. The in- 
clusion of this subdistrict in the same zones as the districts to 
the north seems therefore very unnatural. That there is a 
profound change in the flora just south of the 29th parallel 
may be seen from the fact that Viscainoa gemiculata, Jatropha 
spathulata, Yucca valida, Fouquieria peninsularis, Pedilanthus 
macrocarpus, and Stegnosperma halinufolia all appear near 
that latitude, and the large Burseras and columnar cacti extend 
but a short distance north of it. The Viscaino Desert Sub- 
district fronts on the gulf from about Los Angeles Bay south 
to the beginning of the volcanic region in about latitude 28°. 
It includes Angel de la Guarda Island, and probably San 
Esteban and San Lorenzo islands. 

The Sierra Giganta District consists of the lower slopes of 
the Sierra Giganta and the sandy plain at their base. It ex- 
tends south to about latitude 24° 30’ where it is replaced by the 
Cape Subdistrict. The characteristic plants are Veatchia dis- 
color, Justicia insolita, Gossypium harknessu, Ephedra penin- 
sularis, Prosopis palmerit, Mascagnia macroptera, Ditaxis 
brandegei, and Ruellia californica. This subdistrict has many 
abundant species in common with the one south of it. Among 
these are Ficus palmeri, Lysiloma candida, Forchammeria 
watsont, Wilcoxia striata, Rhizophora mangle, Jacquemontia 
eastwoodiana, Celosia floribunda, Melochia tomentosa, and 
Euphorbia xanti. 

The Cape Subdistrict is probably the best known section of 
the Comondt District and consists of the lower levels of the 
cape region. It is characterized by Maba intricata, Washin- 
toma sonore, Lysiloma mucrophylla, Bursera cerasifolia, 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 963 


Cyrtocarpa edulis, Gossypium davidsonti, Gochnatia arbore- 
scens, Castela peninsularis, Coulterella capitata, Ruellia penin- 
sularis, and Turnera humifusa. Brandegee (Zoe 3:223-231. 
1892) gives a description and analysis of the “Flora of the 
Cape Region,” but unfortunately does not distinguish between 
the low altitude flora characteristic of the Comondu District 
and the montane flora characteristic of the Cape Sierra 
District. 

There is a group of species which range the entire length of 
Lower California and into California and Arizona. The most 
conspicuous of these are Beloperone californica, Hibiscus 
denudatus, Olneya tesota, Larrea divaricata, Bursera micro- 
phylla, Euphorbia eriantha, Simmondsia chinensis, Lycium 
richu, and Porophyllum gracile. 

Data are not at hand for a satisfactory attempt at indicating 
the floral districts of the Sonoran coastal belt. The vicinity 
of Guaymas is the only locality in the region which is at all 
well known and it seems to have a flora somewhat similar to 
that occurring in the Comondt District, particularly the Cape 
Subdistrict, on the peninsula. The range of hills which ex- 
tends along the coast north of Guaymas seems to contain 
much of the Guaymas flora which also reappears very diluted 
on the south end of Tiburon Island. The flora about Guay- 
mas, judging from the outstanding species such as Jacquinia 
pungens, Acacia willardiana, Guaiacum coultert, etc., appears 
to extend northeastward towards Hermosillo and Ures and 
thence southward towards Sinaloa. As already indicated, the 
northern part of the Sonoran coast has a southern continuation 
of the Colorado Desert flora. 

At San Pedro Bay, about 20 kilometers west of Guaymas, 
the flora is extremely anomalous. Associating with distinctly 
Sonoran species, are Lysiloma candida, Ficus palmeri, Acacia 
californica, Glaucothea armata, Carlowrightia fimbriata, etc., 
all characteristically peninsular or insular plants not otherwise 
known from the Sonoran mainland. The study of this local 
pocket of peninsular species in its relations to present and past 
distribution in the gulf area is an interesting problem for some 
future phytogeographer. 


964 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser. 


ECOLOGY 


Ecologically, the gulf area is composed of a number of 
different communities of which at this time it seems best to 
mention only the most important. The plant communities of 
the area readily break up into halophytic and xerophytic 
groups. 

The halophytic communities occur primarily along the shore 
of the ocean. In the south gulf province there is a well-devel- 
oped littoral community composed of Rhizophora mangle, 
Laguncularia racemosa, and Avicennia nitida which reaches 
its best development in coves and esteros where the water is 
still. Of the three, Rhizophora is the most successful, growing 
in greatest abundance and in the deepest water. Tide-flats, 
salt-marshes, and salt-flats are common features along the 
gulf coast. In shallow places periodically submerged Salicornia 
pacifica is the characteristic and prevalent plant. Associated 
with it are Monanthochloé hittoralis and Batis maritima, and in 
the north province Salicornia europea and Frankenia grandi- 
flora. Weakly saline flats are frequent and perhaps represent 
irregularly flooded areas or recently elevated land in the pro- 
cess of freshening. ‘The characteristic plant of these flats is 
Sueda ramosissima, a plant which over the south province is 
accompanied by Maytenus phyllanthoides. In the vicinity of 
Guaymas, Zizyphus sonorensis and Eupatorium sagittatum are 
also common on the saline flats. Several species of Atriplex 
frequent alkaline areas as do also Lycium richii and Vallesia 
glabra. Beaches along the gulf are composed of either cobble- 
stones or sand. When the latter they are usually naked but 
occasionally covered with stems of Vaseyanthus insularis. The 
only typical arenicolous strand plants are [pomea pes-capre, 
which carpets the beaches south of La Paz, and Abronia mari- 
tima, which is local on the upper beach through the gulf area. 
Other minor species of the strand are Jouvea pilosa, Euphor- 
bia incerta, and Euphorbia leucophylla, all from the south 
province. Thickets of Allenrolfea occidentalis and Frankenia 
palmeri almost universally cover the banks at the head of 
sand beaches in the northern part of the gulf area. The dune 
communities are varied and interesting. In the north they 
have a suffrutescent flora composed of Frankenia palmeri, 


Vou. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 965 


Franseria dumosa, and the southerly ranging Palafoxia linearis 
and Parosela emoryi. In the south Aplopappus arenarius, 
Wislizenia refracta, Parosela divaricata, and Houstonia mucro- 
nata become the characteristic dune shrubs. Perityle robusta 
is a very conspicuous annual in the south while on the dunes of 
the Sonoran coast Helianthus niveus is very noticeable. Many 
of the gulf islands are at present, or evidently were in the past, 
bird rookeries, and their surfaces are stained and their meagre 
soil impregnated with the phosphates of guano. On the guano 
islands the flora usually consists of a low cover of Atriplex 
barclayana and Amaranthus watsoni, and to a minor extent 
also of Cressa truxillensis, Trianthema portulacastrum, and 
Portulaca pilosa. 

The xerophytic communities compose the flora of the areas 
back from the coast. The most prolific and characteristic one 
found in the gulf area is that of gravelly flood channels or 
washes. Over most of the region, gravelly cafion floors have 
a dense growth composed of Olneya tesota, Viscainoa geni- 
culata, Atamisquea emarginata, Prosopis chilensis, Sim- 
mondsia chinensis, Hyptis emoryi, Cercidium microphyllum and 
Bursera rhoifolia, most of which are joined in the south by 
Lysiloma candida, Fouquieria peninsularis, C elosia floribunda, 
Karwinskia humboldtiana, Jatropha spathulata, Gossypium 
harknessii, and Opuntia cholla. The hillsides have a character- 
istic, but not a very rich association of species. In the north, 
Fouquieria splendens, Encelia farinosa, and Larrea divaricata 
predominate, but in the south province the slopes have a rather 
monotonous cover of Bursera microphylla, Fouquieria penin- 
sularis, Jatropha spathulata, Pachycereus pringlet, Lysiloma 
candida, and a variety of agaves and mammillarias. The flora 
of the gravelly coastal plain is a dilution of that of the washes. 
It is a notable fact that generally speaking, the coastal flora be- 
comes more dense and luxuriant progressively southward. The 
cliffs possess a distinct flora, the most conspicuous element 
being Ficus palmeri. The other plants of this community are 
Hofmeisteria pluriseta, Sympetaleia rupestris, S. aurea, Hof- 
meisteria classifolia, H. fasciculata, Maurandya flavifora, 
Aristlochia brevipes, Coreocarpus dissectus, and various lactif- 


966 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser, 


erous mammillarias. The Ficus and the species of Sympe- 
taleia and Hofmeisteria are frequent on the cliffs facing the 
sea. 


RELATIONSHIPS AND ORIGINS OF THE BIOTA 


The northernmost section of the peninsula has what is very 
evidently only a southern extension of the flora of California, 
but the southern two-thirds has a flora clearly and definitely 
allied to, and derived from, the flora now occupying Sinaloa, 
southern Sonora, and the states of southern Mexico. The 
latter relationship is shown by the presence on the peninsula 
of such genera as Maytenus, Ficus, Lysiloma, Colubrina, 
Rhizophora, Ruellia, Bursera, Antigonon, and a host of others. 
As a rule, those plant species of wide-spread genera which 
occur in southern Lower California have their close relatives 
inhabiting Sinaloa and southern Sonora. The flora of the 
Cape Sierran District has forms which are closely related to 
species now inhabiting the highlands of central Mexico, but 
strangely this easterly derived flora occurs intermixed with a 
flora characteristic of the Californian foothills and lower 
mountain slopes. Although the flora of the southern sections 
of the peninsula is definitely allied to that of the adjacent 
Mexican mainland, its means of ingress is hardly obvious. 
The floristic mixture on the mountains in the cape region, and 
the faunal distribution on the peninsula as a whole, are com- 
plicating factors which make a theory for biotic origins difficult 
to formulate. 

Before a satisfactory hypothesis can be chosen which will ex- 
plain present-day distribution of life on the peninsula it is best 
that a brief inquiry be made into the facts of animal distri- 
bution in the area. For this purpose a study has been made 
of the available data on mammals (exclusive of bats), reptiles, 
amphibia, and gastropods. As Nelson (Mem. Nat. Acad. Sc1., 
16:117. 1921) has pointed out, all but one of the 140 species 
and subspecies of land mammals known from the peninsula 
belong to stocks which have clearly gained the peninsula from 
the north and have spread over it by southward migrations. 
With the exception of Oryzomys, all the genera of peninsular 
mammals occur in California and in many cases the same 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 967 


species occurs there as well. The nearest relative of Oryzomys 
peninsule, which is known only from the vicinity of San José 
del Cabo, is a species of Sinaloa, and Nelson (Mem. Nat. Acad. 
Sci., 16:124. 1921) even suggests that the peninsular species is 
a man-transported introduction from Mazatlan. According to 
Schmidt (Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 46:611. 1922) there are 
138 species and subspecies of reptiles known from the penin- 
sula and adjacent islands. With the exception of six species 
contained in the genera Bipes, Sator, Ctenosaura, and Phyllo- 
dactylus, and three included in Natrix, Elaphe and Pseudemys, 
all the reptiles clearly had ancestors which entered the penin- 
sula from the north and spread southward. The six excep- 
tions first mentioned are evidently tropical in relationship and 
all but Phyllodactylus tuberculosus are endemic. Phyllo- 
dactylus tuberculosus ranges widely along the west coast of 
tropical America. Its presence was recently discovered even 
in the Colorado Desert of California. Among the endemic 
reptiles of tropical relationships Bipes biporus is most inter- 
esting, it being a weak two-legged burrowing lizard belonging 
to a very ancient, nearly extinct family. It is restricted to the 
cape region and finds its nearest relation in a monotype of 
the Mexican tableland. Sator is a saurian genus of two species, 
known only from Ceralbo, San Diego, and Santa Cruz islands. 
Its closest affinities are apparently with a Sceloporus of the 
Coliman region in Mexico. Phyllodactylus unctus is endemic 
to the cape region. Ctenosaura hemilopha occurs in the cape 
region and on Ceralbo, San Esteban, and San Pedro Nolasco 
islands. Its relations are in southern Mexico. The scattered 
distribution of the species in the gulf area suggests the relic 
occurrence of a species once widely distributed. Elaphe, Natrix 
and Pseudemys “are widespread in North America, and their 
absence in the Sonoran deserts of the United States is due to 
absence of suitable habitat conditions.” Hence it is not at all 
improbable that the peninsular species gained the area of 
Lower California in a period when climatic conditions in south- 
western United States were more favorable to a wide distribu- 
tion of these genera in that region. There is no particular 
reason for believing them to have reached the peninsula directly 
from the Mexican mainland. There are eight amphibians 
known from Lower California, of which only four are wide- 


968 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


ranging, the bulk occurring only in the north-most section 
of the peninsula. All the species are unquestionably migrants 
from north of the international boundary. Definite figures 
regarding the gastropods are lacking, but it can be said that 
the most common snails in the northern sections of the penin- 
sula and down the west coast to about Magdalena Bay, are 
helicoid snails of the genus Micrarionta which have their re- 
lations to the northward. Over the southern parts of the 
peninsula the snails of the genus Bulimulus and Ccelocentrum 
are most common, and are evidently related across the gulf in 
southern Sonora and Sinaloa. 

From the fact presented, it is seen that the land vertebrates 
as a whole have gained the peninsula from the north and have 
since expanded to colonize the entire peninsula. On the other 
hand, many gastropods and plants seem to have entered the 
territory from across the gulf. It seems, therefore, that a 
recent land connection between Sonora and Lower California 
is impossible, for if such a connection existed, we should 
expect to find the southern part of the peninsula occupied, not 
only by easterly derived plants, but by easterly derived verte- 
brates as well. It is indeed strange that the modern vertebrate 
fauna of Sinaloa and southern Sonora is practically absent 
from Lower California when the modern flora of Sinaloa and 
Sonora is not only present, but actually dominates the most of 
Lower California. These facts make clear the interesting and 
complex problem concerned with the explanation of the origin 
of the peninsular biota. Our problem is to explain the obvi- 
ously different origins of the peninsular flora and fauna, and 
to explain why the complimentary fauna and flora of the biota 
from which each invasion came is not represented, or is but 
weakly developed on the peninsula. 

The cape region seems to be a very old area, and appears 
to have escaped complete submergence since its initial elevation 
early in the Tertiary. During the long periods previous to 
the Pliocene the cape region was separated from California 
by a long stretch of water, for at that time the strata of the 
present volcanic plateau were horizontal and still under the 
sea. The cape region of Tertiary times was probably a 
larger area than now and connected for a time with the Mexi- 
can mainland. While joined easterly to the Mexican coast, the 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY ~ 969 


fauna and flora of that region gained access to the cape region. 
Among many other species the ancestors of the southerly-de- 
rived reptiles, the Oryzomys, and the heavy-seeded montane 
trees, such as Pinus, Quercus, and Arbutus, came over on the 
Tertiary land connection. 

The Peninsula as a whole came into existence during the 
late Pleistocene. The tremendous uplift which made the 
Peninsula probably reacted to cause the subsidence of the ter- 
ritory now forming the trough of the gulf. Whatever land 
connections there may have been between the mainland and 
the cape region were obliterated, and the cape region assumed 
its present relation to the mainland and to the peninsula as a 
whole. At the close of the Tertiary the fauna and flora of the 
cape region must have been essentially Mexican, and when the 
opportunity was finally offered the animals and plants began 
to extend up the Peninsula. 

For some reason the fauna and flora were subjected to a 
crisis during the Pleistocene, and all but a few vertebrates such 
as Bipes, Sator, Phyllodactylus, and Oryzomys were destroyed. 
Among the plants the existing representatives of the Sierra 
Madran flora, and possibly a number of lowland types escaped, 
but very likely, as with the vertebrates, most of the peinsular 
species of that time were destroyed. The crisis may have been 
brought about by a cooling of the climate or by an increase of 
precipitation; but whatever its cause, the change must have 
permitted better adapted forms to come down from the north. 
‘These forms competing with the old biota then under a dis- 
advantage, were able to win out and finally supersede the orig- 
inal fauna and flora. The Sierra Madran elements of the 
present cape region being able to stand more rain and cold 
than the then existing tropical lowland forms, were no doubt 
able to adapt themselves to the Pleistocene crisis and after- 
wards find a suitable home in the high mountains where they 
are found today. The flora of California probably extended 
south to the cape during the period of climatic change, and 
upon its close left a few stragglers to associate with the Sierra 
Madran elements in the montane areas of the cape region. 

As the climate gradually became what it is today, the north- 
erly derived vertebrates were able to adapt themselves to the 
new conditions; for the gulf was an effective barrier to the 


970 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


southern forms which might at once be better adapted to the 
new environment and hence able to claim the region at the 
expense of the northerly forms then actually inhabiting it. 
With the flora the conditions were different, for better means 
of dispersal allowed seeds of the southern forms to reach the 
peninsula, to compete with and finally drive from the southern 
sections of the territory the Californian forms then occupying 
it. 

Winds have probably been the important agents in populat- 
ing the peninsula with plants. The excessively violent winds 
that accompany the autumn storms can readily carry seeds, or 
at any rate drive flotage over the gulf for great distances. The 
frequency, violence, and direction of these storms, as well as 
the excellent opportunities offered for the picking up of seeds 
by the wind or for the washing into the sea of seed-carrying 
debris, makes them potent factors in distributing plants over 
the gulf area. Nelson (Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 16:96-97. 1921) 
gives some very illuminating data regarding the fierceness and 
strength of the rain and wind storms which sweep over the 
gulf area. 

To understand insular distribution in the Gulf of California 
one must appreciate that the gulf area is one of great, unequal, 
and widespread diastrophism, and that the blocks forming the 
islands have been moved more or less independently of the 
large blocks forming the adjacent peninsula or mainland. It is 
a natural first assumption that the islands have been connected 
to the adjacent land in comparatively recent times, and that 
these connections are indicated by topographical alignments 
and shoals. This assumption, however, seems to have been 
correct only in a few instances. From the height of deposits 
on the peninsula and the comparatively low altitude at which 
they occur on the islands, it seems that the islands have been 
relatively little affected by the submergences and elevations 
which have left their mark on the peninsula. That modern 
shells are found on the peninsula at 1000 meters does not in- 
dicate that the adjacent islands even when less than 1000 
meters high, were submerged, for the islands and peninsula 
are separated by a line of active faulting which makes the 
movements of the islands more or less independent of the ris- 
ings and sinkings across the riff. As a corollary. depths do 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 971 


not necessarily indicate a lack of land connection in the past, 
for the forces that heaved up the peninsula and shaped the 
present gulf trough could well move the small chips of land 
forming the islands and separate or join them to the peninsula 
with a minimum of effort. 

The great majority of the gulf islands do not appear to have 
been joined to the peninsula or mainland in recent times, and 
as a general rule it seems that their fauna and flora must have 
been brought to them by wind and waves. The biota of 
Tiburon Island seems to indicate a compartively recent and 
complete connection of that island with the adjacent main- 
land, the fauna and flora with slight modifications being the 
same as that on adjacent Sonora. The islands of San Josef 
and Espiritu Santo have vertebrate faunas nearly as complete 
as would be expected were they once connected with the penin- 
sula, but at the same time they are lacking forms which one 
would naturally expect if the connection did exist. The 
endemic stamp which characterizes the faunas of these islands, 
and which especially contrasts them with Tiburon Island, pro- 
bably indicates a comparatively long separation from the penin- 
sula. Isolation and the working of some environmental factor 
may have eradicated the missing forms which connection with 
the peninsula, if it once existed, certainly would have con- 
tributed to the islands. Ceralbo Island stands in marked con- 
trast to Espiritu Santo and San Josef islands. Whereas 
Ceralbo has but two mammals (Peromyscus and Perognathus) 
and six reptiles (Verticaria, Sator, Ctenosaura, Dipsosaurus, 
Callisaurus, Crotalus and Coluber), Espiritu Santo Island has 
six mammals (Peromyscus, Perognathus, Neotoma, Lepus, 
Ammospermophilus, and Bassariscus) and 12 reptiles 
(Verticaria, Uta 3 spp., Sceloporus Cnemidophorus, Sauro- 
malus, Phyllodactylus, Coluber, Chilomeniscus, and Crotalus), 
and San Josef Island has six mammals (Perognathus, Dipo- 
domys, Neotoma, Sylvilagus, Odocioleus, and Bassariscus) 
and 11 reptiles (Verticaria, Uta, Sceloporus, Callisaurus, 
Cnemidophorus, Dipsosaurus, Phyllodactylus, Coluber, and 
Crotalus 2 spp.). It seems that either San Josef and Espiritu 
Santo islands have been connected with the peninsula while 
Ceralbo have not been so connected, or that the two former 
have had better opportunities for having things carried to 


972 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47TH SER. 


them. It is possible also that San Josef and Espiritu Santo 
islands have changed but little since their isolation, whereas 
in the meantime Ceralbo may have developed some unfavorable 
conditions which have greatly reduced its original fauna. Any 
one or all these conditions would account for the differences 
between the fauna of Ceralbo and that of Espiritu Santo and 
San Josef islands. It seems more probable, however, that the 
true explanation lies in assuming that Ceralbo has. not been 
connected, or at least as completely connected, with the penin- 
sula as has its neighboring islands. Excluding Tiburon, San 
Josef, Espiritu Santo and Ceralbo islands, the remaining gulf 
islands have vertebrate faunas which usually consist of one 
or two rodents and several lizards which in most cases re- 
present endemic species with relations on the adjacent coast. 
Direct land connection seems, therefore, to have been in only 
a few cases the means of populating the gulf islands. The 
faunas of the more remote islands seem to indicate a fortuitous 
origin. For example, Tortuga Island has a Bulimulus, a Cro- 
talus, a Sceloporus, and a Peromyscus (?)all of which appear 
to be endemic. This motley fauna seems best explained as a 
flotage cargo, especially as the island is a volcano only recently 
extinct. 

The flora of the gulf islands shows no tendency towards en- 
demism. Certainly not 1% of the insular flora is endemic, and 
even that small percentage of endemism will probably dis- 
appear when the coast of adjacent mainland and peninsula is 
well explored. Endemism is not as high on the gulf islands as 
would be expected in a continuous region covering the same 
expanse of latitude. That the vertebrate fauna on the gulf 
islands is mainly endemic to each island, and that endemism 
is the great exception and by no means the rule in the flora, 
seems to indicate that some factor is at work with the flora 
which inhibits the production of insular endemisms. The lack 
of endemism seems best attributed to the great frequency with 
which peninsular or mainland seeds are brought to the islands 
and incipient endemism quashed. 

Taking in all, it seems probable that the gulf islands have 
been largly populated by descendants of those animals which, 
clinging to shrubbery or debris, have been washed out into the 
gulf by some one of the sudden torrential storms. If the 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 973 


flotage happens to be soon washed ashore on one of the islands, 
and the island is suitable to the animal’s needs, these fortuitous 
circumstances may allow the animal to populate the new terri- 
tory. Once the island has been claimed by some form, then 
successive attempts at populating it would be made with 
greater and greater difficulty due to genetical swamping and to 
the probable competition to which the new arrival would be 
subjected during the critical period in which it must adapt 
itself to its new home. The chances that a gravid female or 
that a pair of one species may be washed up coincidently upon 
an island is remote; but were this a frequent happening, ende- 
mism would not be universal among the insular animals. On 
the other hand, plants on a given island can spring from a 
single seed which can be carried by wind, bird, or in the pods 
of some bush washed into the gulf by storm water. The 
chances of successful animal introductions are very few as 
compared with the chances of successful plant introductions, 
and the relative endemism in the two great phyla seems to re- 
flect the effect of this condition. 


EXPLORATION 


The first botanical exploring in the gulf area was done by 
Thomas Coulter. Coulter was connected with a mining com- 
pany and was located at Hermosillo, Sonora, for a number 
of months in 1829 and 1830. During this time, or later, he 
visited the principal cities along the west coast of Mexico. 
Coulter made a large collection of plants, but these were never 
made the subject of a special study. The data accompanying 
his specimens are meagre and notoriously inaccurate, for he 

apparently used geographic names loosely and allowed his 
labels to become mixed. A detailed discussion of Coulter's 
travels has been given by Coville (Bot. Gaz. 20:519. 1895). 

Though not the first in the general region, the collections 
made by Richard Hinds and George Barclay of the British 
exploring ship Sulphur, became the basis of Bentham’s “Botany 
of the Voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur.” The volume mentioned 
contains the initial descriptive account of the flora of Lower 
California. The Sulphur cruised along the west coast of 


974 CALIFORNI.1 ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Seg. 


Lower California in 1839, making stops at San Quintin, Mag- 
dalena Bay, and Cape San Lucas. 

The next exploration made in the general region was that 
conducted by John Xantus de Vesey, who was stationed at 
Cape San Lucas and made botanical collections there during 
1859 and 1860. The Xantus collections were studied by Asa 
Gray (Proc. Am. Acad. 5:153-173. 1861) who prepared an 
important paper upon them. 

‘The most extended and important explorations made in the 
gulf area were those carried on by Edward Palmer. His 
earliest work in the region was done in 1869 on the coastal 
plains of Sonora in the region of the Yaqui River, and in the 
area of the Colorado River delta. In 1870 he spent two days 
on Carmen Island. No special paper was ever published on 
these collections. Palmer’s important work in the gulf area 
began in 1887 when he spent 18 weeks at Guaymas, eight 
days on San Pedro Martir Island, several weeks at Mulegé, 
and four weeks at Los Angeles Bay. The large collection 
which he amassed was studied by Sereno Watson, who pre- 
pared a notable paper upon the subject (Proc. Am. Acad. 
24 :36-82. 1889). Palmer spent three days early in May, 1889, 
at Lerdo, Sonora, near the head of the gulf, and made a small 
collection which was written up by Vasey and Rose (Contr. 
U.S. Nat. Herb. 1:27-28. 1890). In 1890 Palmer spent two 
weeks at La Paz, and then sailing north to Santa Rosalia where 
he remained from February 24 to March 15 collecting about 
that port and the adjacent town of Santa Aguada, made 
brief stops at Isla Raza and San Pedro Martir Island. The 
1890 collections were treated at length by Vasey and Rose 
(Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:63-90, 1890). The first week in 
March, 1890, Palmer spent in revisiting Carmen Island and 
then made collections upon which Rose reported in a special 
paper. (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:129-134. 1892). Following 
his last visit to Carmen Island Palmer turned his attention to 
regions beyond the gulf area. Stafford (Pop. Sci. Mo. 78:341- 
354. 1911) has written interestingly concerning Palmer’s 
career as a collector. 

C. G. Pringle, though one of the most important collectors 
in other parts of Mexico, played but a minor role in the botani- 
cal exploration of the gulf area. In 1884 he collected in 


Vor. XITj JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 975 


northwestern Sonora, apparently working out from the mining 
town of Altar and down the Asuncion River valley. He is 
definitely known to have visited Cape Lobos during this 
journey. Gray and Watson described miscellaneous species 
from his collections, but no general account of the latter was 
ever written. 

T. S. Brandegee has been the most thorough and important 
botanical explorer of the peninsula. Though he botanized 
throughout the length of Lower California, he collected on the 
gulf only at La Paz. Brandegee has written much on the flora 
of Lower California, his most useful papers being his “Plants 
from Baja California” (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:117-216. 
1889) and his “Flora of the Cape Region” (Proc. Calif. Acad. 
Sci. II, 3:108-182. 1891). 

Léon Diguet, for three years an employé of the Boleo Com- 
pany, landed at Santa Rosalia late in 1896 in the capacity of 
biological explorer for the Paris Museum of Natural History. 
He proceeded overland to La Paz going there by way of 
Mulegé, Purisima, and Comondu. After a time at La Paz he 
went to Todos Santos and from there to La Laguna in the 
high mountains. Eventually he returned to Santa Rosalia, 
going through La Paz, Comondu, Loreto, and Mulegé. He 
next went by boat to Los Angeles Bay where he spent two 
days. Upon his return to Santa Rosalia he proceeded north- 
ward overland to Calamujuet or beyond. At the close of 
this last trip, after a period of six months, he sailed for Guay- 
mas. Going overland he proceeded southward into Sinaloa, at 
least to Mazatlan, and finally went to Jalisco where he spent 
considerable time before embarking for France. While at 
Santa Rosalia and La Paz, he had numerous opportunities 
to visit the islands in the gulf and is known to have set foot 
upon Tortuga, Carmen, Catalina, Espiritu Santo, and Ceralbo. 
Although his opportunities were great, Diguet’s collections 
seem to be meagre and poorly supplied with data. His best 
collecting was in the cacti, but in that group as in others, he 
seemed to have gotten only the common or spectacular things. 
Data regarding Diguet’s itinerary are to be found in the early 
volumes of the Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 
(particularly 1:4, 28-30. 1895. and 2:78.1896). 


976 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER, 


Besides having published much on the region, J. N. Rose 
visited it in June, 1897, and spent about two weeks collecting 
about Guaymas and La Paz. He collected a second time 
about Guaymas in March, 1910, when he was assisted by P. C. 
Standley and P. G. Russell. In 1911, Rose was on the Alba- 
tross and spent most of April cruising in the Gulf of California. 
At that time he visited San José del Cabo, Ceralbo Island, 
Espiritu Santo Island, La Paz, San Josef Island, Santa Cruz 
Island, Catalina Island, Agua Verde Bay, Carmen Island, 
Mulegé, Concepcion Bay, San Francisquito Bay, Angel de la 
Guarda Island, San Esteban Island, Tiburon Island, Turner 
(“Seal”) Island, and Guaymas. An interesting brief account 
of the last visit is to be found in the Journal of the New York 
Botanical Garden (12:263-272. 1911). 

Between March, 1905, and February, 1906, E. W. Nelson 
and E. A. Goldman traversed the length of the peninsula and 
made very large biological collections. The points visited on 
the gulf are San Felipe Bay, Calamajuet Landing, Santa 
Rosalia, Mulegé, La Paz, Espiritu Santo Island, and Ceralbo 
Island. A large plant collection was made by Goldman 
(Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16:309-371. 1916) who published 
a valuable paper upon his bontanical observations. A 
detailed and very interesting running account of the expedi- 
tion is to be found in Nelson’s admirable monograph on Lower 
California (Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 16:13-48. 1921). 

A notable botanical reconnaissance was made in 1904 by 
D. T. MacDougal (Bot. Gaz. 38:44-63. 1904) about the 
mouth of the Colorado River and at San Felipe Bay. In 1907 
he headed an expedition to the Pinacate Mountains and the 
plants collected there were treated at length by Rose and 
Standley (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16:5-20. 1912). The 
only point on the gulf actually touched was Adair Bay where 
a small collection was made by G. Sykes. 

Our knowledge of the gulf area flora has been furthered by 
a number of small collections. One of these was made at 
La Paz in 1847 by Major Rich. In 1876 T. H. Street of the 
U. S. Navy gathered a few odd plants in the gulf, giving as 
localities, Pulpito Point, Canvas Point, and Angel de la 


Vou. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 977 


Guarda. Walter Bryant, the ornithologist, made a small plant 
collection on Espiritu Santo and San Josef islands in April, 
1892. In 1895 a visit was made to Tiburon Island by W. J. 
McGee who made a small collection of plants. W. M. Gabb 
traversed the peninsula in 1867 and made a scrappy collection 
of cacti upon which, unfortunately, many new species were 
based. Gabb touched the gulf only at La Paz, Loreto, and 
Mulege. 

For the details of the present expedition see the “General 
Account” by J. R. Slevin (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. IV, 
12:55-72, 1923). 


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 


The author is under obligations to a number of persons for 
help and various assistance. To the fellow members on the 
expedition a debt of gratitude is owed for the many interest- 
ing things which they added to the botanical collections 
through their constant minor interest in botany. Captain John 
Ross and Mr. James Lindhall deserve many thanks for their 
careful and sympathetic handling of the bulky drying para- 
phernalia during their daily slushings, and for their patience 
and continued good-will despite cactus-littered decks. 

For the approval of him as official collector and for permit- 
ting him to work over the botanical collection, the writer is 
indebted to Dr. Barton Warren Evermann, Director of the 
Museum of the California Academy of Sciences. The report 
Was prepared in its greatest part while studying at the Uni- 
versity of California. Dr. W. A. Setchell of that institution 
has been particularly helpful in his suggestions and in his 
willingness to obtain critical specimens and literature. Mr. T. 
S. Brandegee has been of inestimable assistance, his knowledge 
of the peninsular flora helping over many difficulties, and his 
large and important collection, now a part of the University 
of California Herbarium, supplying the basis for many critical 
comparisons. Dr. H. M. Hall of the Carnegie Institution of 
Washington has contributed many valued suggestions and has 
assumed the responsibility for the determinations in Atriplex. 


978 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES _{Proc. 47H Sen. 


Dr. J. N. Rose of the United States National Herbarium has 
given invaluable help with the cacti; and Mr. E. P. Killip of 
the same institution has contributed critical determinations of 
the Passiflore. Dr. B. L. Robinson of the Gray Herbarium 
and Dr. S. F. Blake of the United States Department of Agri- 
culture, have both supplied valued opinions concerning the 
Composite. The greatest debt, however, is to Miss Alice 
Eastwood, Curator, Department of Botany, California Acad- 
emy of Sciences, whom the writer thanks for his nomination 
as expedition botanist and for the material assistance which 
made the preparation of this paper possible. 


INTRODUCTION TO THE CATALOGUE 


The following catalogue enumerates the species and vari- 
eties of vascular plants collected on the expedition. A serious 
attempt has been made, however, to make the catalogue some- 
thing more than a mere list of names and localities, for under 
each heading there has been an attempt to give original data 
regarding the habits, habitat, and distribution of each of the 
forms in the gulf area. For the sake of definiteness, all the 
expedition collections have been mentioned, the collection num- 
bers being consistently cited in parentheses following the men- 
tion of the proper localities. The carefully selected and very 
full first set of exsiccate, as well as the types of all new species 
described herein, are to be found in the Herbarium of the 
California Academy of Sciences at San Francisco, California. 

With the view of helping future workers in the area it has 
been thought best to give taxonomic bibliography. Complete 
bibliography has been given of those species with few syn- 
onyms and of those species which are confined to the gulf 
area, but of widely ranging species with complicated synonymy 
only a few of the important items have been listed. Type 
localities have been listed, and, with the western species par- 
ticularly, it has been the plan to state the locality as precisely 
as data will allow regardless of the original wording. 

The nomenclature is according to the International Rules. 
The attitude towards species is conservative. It has been the 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 979 


rule not to propose any species for which several good quanti- 
tative diagnostic characters could not be enumerated. The 
flora of Lower California has been described without such a 
rule, for as in other regions in an early stage of botanical 
exploration, the flora has been approached with a keenly, not 
to say recklessly, analytic attitude, and species, many of them 
very critical ones, have been based on meagre material and 
without comparison or indication of crucial characters. It is 
not surprising, therefore, that it has been frequently necessary 
to revaluate described species, for many have stood, and no 
doubt others still stand, only because the proper comparisons 
have never been made, or because an adequate series has never 
been collected. There are numerous forms on the peninsula 
which bear binomials although they are merely peninsular 
strains of widely ranging species. Due to its length and span 
of latitude, the peninsula has been particularly fitted for the 
development of geographic races. In dealing with geographic 
forms, which are very numerous in the area, the principle 
so successfully applied by mammalogists and ornithologists 
has been accepted, and geographic races have been given sub- 
ordinate rank under the species. Forms with geographically 
correlated developments have been considered worthy of a 
name, even when the development is rather trivial in character. 

The major part of the work on this paper was done in the 
University of California Herbarium where access was had to 
the types and rich peninsular collections of Mr. Brandegee. 
Subsequent to the months of study in California the manu- 
script was thoroughly overhauled at the United States Na- 
tional Herbarium and at the Gray Herbarium. All the collec- 
tions rich in peninsular material have been consulted, and the 
greatest proportion of the types of those species first described 
from Lower California and adjacent areas have been studied. 


980 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47m Ser. 


CATALOGUE OF SPECIES COLLECTED 
I. PoLyPoDIACEz 
1. Adiantum capillus-veneris ‘L. 


Adiantum capillus-veneris L., Sp. Pl. 1096. 1753.—Type 
locahty: Europe. 

Very common in the large cafion back of Escondido Bay 
(4112) where it lines all the seeps down to about 300 m. 
altitude. 


2. Notholena californica D. C. Eaton 


Notholena californica D. C. Eaton, Bull. Torr. Cl. 10:27. 
1883.—T ype locality: San Diego County, California. 

The most abundant fern in the gulf area, though not 
common. It was collected at Los Angeles Bay (3460), Santa 
Cruz Island (3915, 3916), Espiritu Santo Island (3998, 3999, 
4006, 4007), Ceralbo Island (4032), and La Paz (4020). It 
frequents rocky slopes, growing under or about rocks. On 
the islands, yellow and white forms were found growing to- 
gether and appearing to agree in all respects save the color 
of the powder on their surfaces. 


3. Notholzna lemmoni D. C. Eaton 


Notholena lemmoni D. C. Eaton, Bull. Torr. Cl. 7:63. 
1880.—T ype locality: Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona. 

Seen at La Paz (4019), Escondido Bay, and San Pedro 
Bay (4336). At San Pedro Bay it was locally abundant on 
a rocky hillside, but at the other stations only a few odd plants 
were noted growing in rocky places. 


4. Pityrogramma triangularis var. maxoni Weatherby 


Pityrogramma triangularis var. maxoni Weatherby, Rho- 
dora 22:119. 1920—Type locality: Rincon Mountains, 
Arizona. 

Seen only on Tortuga Island (4185) where it was very 
common about rocks inside the old crater. 


Vou. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 981 


5. Thelypteris augescens var. puberula (Feé) Munz 
& Johnston, n. comb. 


Aspidium puberulum Feé, Mem. Soc. Nat. Strasburgh 6:40. 
1865.—Dryopteris puberulum Baker, Synop. Fil. 495. 1874. 
—Dryopteris feei Chr., Index Fil. 264. 1905.—T ype locality: 
Huatusco, Vera Cruz. 

Very common and conspicuous in wet, sheltered places in 
the large cafion in the Sierra Giganta back of Escondido Bay 
(4117, 4118). This fern grows very rankly at altitudes above 
400 m., frequently becoming 15 dm. high. 


Il. GNETACEZ 


6. Ephedra peninsularis Johnston 


Ephedra peninsularis Johnston, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 
7:437. 1922.—Type locality: Magdalena Island. 

Seen only on Coronados Island (3757) where a single plant 
was found growing among the rocks of a broken-up lava flow. 
The plant was staminate and formed a very intricately 
branched flat-topped mass 7 dm. high and 18 dm. broad. The 
species is doubtfully distinct from E. nevadensis Wats. 


Ill. TypHacez& 
7. Typha angustifolia L. 


Typha angustifolia L., Sp. Pl. 971. 1753.—T ype locality: 
Europe. 

A small colony of this species grew in wet, sand at 400 m. 
altitude in the large cafion back of Escondido Bay (4116). 
What is probably the same species was observed in a sterile 
condition at Mulegé where it formed large clumps about the 
reservoir. 


IV. PoTAMOGETONACE 
8. Ruppia maritima L. 
Ruppia maritima L., Sp. Pl. 127. 1753.—Type locality: 
Europe. 


Collected from an irrigation ditch at Mulegé (3672) and 
from the bay at La Paz (4012). It grew abundantly in one 


982 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. 


of the pools of the abandoned oyster-culture plant on Espiritu 
Santo Island. The material from Lower California seems to 
have the beak on the fruit better developed than the material 
from California and probably is referable to the variety 
rostrata Agardh. (cf. Rhodora 16:125. 1914). 


9. Zannichellia palustris L. 


Zannichellia palustris L., Sp. Pl. 969. 1753.—Type local- 
ity: Europe. 

Abundant in a warm still pool near the margin of the reser- 
voir at Mulegé (3671). Brandegee has collections from 
Comondu. 


V. NAJADACEE 
10. Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Morong 


Najas guadalupensis Morong, Mem. Torr. Bot. Cl. 3:2. 
1893.—Caulinia guadalupensis Spreng., Syst. 1:20. 1825.— 
Type locality: Isle of Guadeloupe, West Indies. 

Occurring in great abundance in a spring-fed pool on the 
ranch at San Evaristo Bay (4093). Another species of this 
genus, N. marina L., is known from Mulegé Palmer (type col- 
lection of var. mexicana Rendle, Trans. Linn. Soc. II, 5:398. 
1899) and San Gregorio Brandegee. 


VI. GRAMINEZ 
11. Aristida adscensionis L. 


Aristida adscensionis L. Sp. Pl. 82. 1753.—Aristida 
bromoides H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1:110. 1816—Type 
locality: Ascension Island. 

Collected on San Esteban (3203) and Angel de la Guarda 
(4215) islands. The latter collection has the lateral awns 
erect and about a fourth as long as the middle awn. 


Vor, XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 983 


12. Aristida californica Thurb. 


Aristida californica Thurb., Bot. Calif. 2:289. 1880.— 
Aristida californica var. fugitiva Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. 
Herb. 3:49. 1892.—Type locality: Colorado Desert, Cali- 
fornia. 

Collected on a rocky hillside on Angel de la Guarda Island 
(4218) and on the sandy plain back of La Paz (3054). 


13. Bouteloua barbata Lag. 


Bouteloua barbata Lag., Var. Cienc. 2*:141. 1805.— 
Chondrosium polystachyum Benth., Bot. Sulph. 56. 1844. 
—Bouteloua polystachyum Torr., Pacif. R. R. Rep. 5:366. t. 
10. 1857.—T ype locality: Mexico. 

Several large colonies of this species were found with Atri- 
plex on the guano-covered flats of Patos Island (3245). 


14. Bouteloua repens (H.B.K.) Scrib & Merr. 


Bouteloua repens Scrib. & Merr., U. S. Dep. Agr. Div. 
Agrost. Bull 24:26. 1891.—Dinebra repens H.B.K., Nov. 
Gen. et Sp. 1:172, t. 52. 1816.—T ype locality: Near Aca- 
pulco, Guerrero. 

A single plant of this grass was found growing with Pani- 
cum geminatum in a moist rock-crevice on a cafion floor at the 


head of San Carlos Bay (4351). 


15. Bouteloua rothrockii Vasey 


Bouteloua rothrocku Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:268. 
1893.—T ype locality: Cottonwood, Arizona. 

A specimen from a dry rocky hillside back of Guaymas 
(3087) is doubtfully referred here. It is low, under 15 cm., 
and has ascending culms, but otherwise seems to be typical. 


16. Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth. 


Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth., Bot. Sulph. 56. 1844.—Type 
locality: Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 
Common in cultivated fields at Mulegé (3682). 


984 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H See. 


17. Cenchrus palmeri Vasey 


Cenchrus palmeri Vasey in Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
II, 2:211. 1889.—Type locality: Guaymas, Sonora. 

A common and characteristic grass in sandy soil throughout 
most of the gulf area. Although collections were made only 
at San Francisquito Bay (3560) and on Tiburon Island 
(3251), the plant being mainly dried up, the characteristic 
burs were recognized at San Luis Gonzales, Los Angeles, Las 
Animas, and San Nicolas bays; and on Angel de la Guarda, 
Carmen, Monserrate, San Josef, San Francisco, and Ceralbo 
islands. When present the plant was common, for the vicious 
burs were ubiquitous, and heedless kneeling on the ground 
nearly always produced specimens. 


18. Chloris virgata Swartz 


Chloris virgata Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 1:203. 1797.—Chloris 
elegans H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1:166, t. 49. 1816.—T ype 
lecality: Antigua, West Indies. 

Several plants of this species grew from a crack in the lava 
on a gulch bottom on Tortuga Island (3610). 


19. Distichlis palmeri (Vasey) Fassett, n. comb. 


Uniola palmeri Vasey, Gard. & For. 2:401, £.124. 1889.— 
Type locality: Horseshoe Bend 12-15 miles above the mouth 
of the Colorado River, Sonora. 

Seen only at Las Animas Bay (3491) where it was com- 
mon along the foot of a bank at the edge of a tide-flat. It is 
a very coarse rhizomatous grass the very brittle stems of which 
reach a height of 12 dm. when partially supported by brush. 
The more or less convolute leaves are pungent and can prick 
rather painfully. The collection seems to be the only one 
made on the peninsula proper and to set the southern-most 
known locality for the species. 

Due to a technical character of doubtful value, the occur- 
rence of one or two sterile lemmas in the pistillate spikelet, this 
species was originally referred to Uniola, a genus in which it 
is utterly strange as to habit. The gross aspect of Uniola 
palmeri is that of a rankly growing Distichlis. According to 


Vor, XII} JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 985 


Holm (Bot. Gaz. 41:275. 1891) the leaf-anatomy is also sug- 
gestive of that genus. Mr. N. C. Fassett has also observed 
that it agrees with Distichlis in its dicecious habit, and sexually 
dimorphic inflorescences and spikelets. A complete discussion 
of the situation will soon be published by Mr. Fassett in his 
taxonomic study of Distichlis. 


20. Gouinia brandegei (Vasey) Hitchc. 


Gouinia brandegei Hitche., U. S. Dept. Agri., Bur. Pl. Ind. 
Bull. 33:21. 1903.—Dziplachne brandegei Vasey, Proc. Calif. 
Acad. Sci. II, 2:213. 1889.—Type locality: Magdalena 
Island, Lower California. 

A coarse tufted grass becoming 8 dm. high which was rare 
en rocky benches on San Esteban Island (4399). It has been 
collected on Carmen Island by Palmer. 


21. Heteropogon contortus (L.) Beauv. 


Heteropogon contortus Beauv. in R. & S. Syst. 2:836. 
1817.—Andropogon contortus L., Sp. Pl. 1045. 1753.—T ype 
locality: India. 

Seen only on South San Lorenzo (4199) and San Esteban 
(3208) islands where it is frequent on rocky cafion floors. 


22. Imperata hookeri Rupr. 


Imperata hookeri Rupr. in Anders., Ofv. Vet. Akad. Forh. 
12:160. 1855.—Type locality: Texas. 

Several colonies were found on a stream-side in the Sierra 
Giganta back of Escondido Bay (4123). It grew at about 500 
m. altitude. The plant does not appear to have been previously 
collected so far south on the peninsula; in fact, the only penin- 
sular record (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17:197. 1913) is from 
the extreme northern part. 


23. Jouvea pilosa (Presl) Scrib. 


Jouvea pilosa Scrib., Bull. Torr. Cl. 23:143. 1896.— 
Brizopyrum pilosum Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1:280. 1830.—Type 
locality: Acapulco, Guerrero. 


986 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


A large colony of this dicecious grass grows on Carmen 
Island (3835) on the dunes along the shore of San Francisco 
Bay. This station extends the known limits of the species 
some 120 km. to the northward, the previous known stations 
in the gulf area being San José del Cabo, La Paz, and San 
Josef Island. 


24. Leptochloa uninervia (Presl) Hitchc. & Chase 


Leptochloa uninervia Hitchce. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. 
Herb. 18:383. 1917.—Megastachya uninervia Presl, Rel. 
Haenk. 1:283. 1830.—Leptochloa imbricata Thurb. in Wats., 
Bot. Calif. 2:293. 1880.—Type locality: Mexico. 

A few plants were found on the bank of an irrigation ditch 
at Mulegé (3683). 


25. Monanthochloé littoralis Engelm. 


Monanthochloé littoralis Engelm., Trans. Acad. St. Louis 
1:436. 1859.—T ype locality: Texas. 

Collected only from about the lagoon on Raza Island 
(3219), but observed in similar situations at Tepoca Bay and 
at the Lagoon on Angel de la Guarda Island. The Pacific 
Coast material of the species has a sharp cusp terminating the 
leaves whereas that from Texas commonly has blunt leaf-tips. 


26. Muhlenbergia microsperma (DC.) Kunth 


Muhlenbergia microsperma Kunth, Rev. Gram. 1:64. 1829. 
—Trichochloa microsperma DC., Cat. Hort. Monsp. 151. 
1813.—T ype locality: Mexico. 

Observed only on Tortuga and San Pedro Martir (4398) 
islands. At the latter station it is the only endogen and is very 
abundant. 


27. Paspalum distichum L. 


Paspalum distichum L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 855. 1759.— 
Type locality: Not given. 

Very common on the saturated meadow-lands surrounding 
the reservoir at Mulegé (3668). 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 987 


28. Panicum geminatum Forsk. 


Panicum geminatum Forsk., Fl. Aegypt. 18. 1775.—Type 
locahty: Egypt. 

Frequent in moist rock-crevices in a cafion near San Carlos 
Bay (4350). 


29. Setaria macrostachya H.B.K. 


Setaria macrostachya H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1:110. 
1816.—Chetochloa macrostachya Scrib. & Merr., U. S. Dept. 
Agri. Div. Agrost. Bull. 21:29. 1900.—Chetochloa rigida 
Scrib. & Merr., U. S. Dept. Agri. Div. Agrost. Bull. 21:30. 
1900.—T ype locality: Guanajuato, Mexico. 

Extremely abundant on north-facing slopes on San Pedro 
Nolasco Island (4397) where it makes some hillsides appear 
as hayfields. A few small colonies were seen on San Esteban 
(4396) and Tortuga islands growing on cafion bottoms. All 
the material collected is in very advanced maturity. 


30. Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth 


Sporobolus virginicus Kunth, Rev. Gram. 1:67. 1829.— 
Agrostis virginicus L. Sp. Pl. 63. 1753.—Sporobolus pungens 
Kunth, Rev. Gram. 1:68. 1829.—Type locality: “Virginia.” 

Forming a large colony on a sandy beach near the south end 
of Monserrate Island (3869). The previous collections on 
the Pacific Coast are from Guaymas, San Francisquito Bay, 
Santa Margarita Island, and Cedros Island. 


31. Triodia pulchella H.B.K. 


Triodia pulchella H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1:155, t. 47. 
1816.—Tricuspis pulchella Torr. Pacif. R. R. Rep. 4:156. 
1857.—Tridens pulchellus Hitche. in Jepson, Fl. Calif. 1:141. 
1912.—T ype locality: Southern Mexico. 

Frequent on gravelly benches in a cafion on South San 
Lorenzo Island (4413). 


988 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4rH Ser. 


VII. CyPERACEz 
32. Cyperus dioicus, n. sp. 


Perennial from a rootstock ; leaves rather firm, flat, smooth, 
lower ones 10-25 cm. long and 4-8 mm. wide; leaves of in- 
volucre usually reflexed, 1-3, 6-10 cm. long, 25 mm. wide, the 
longest much surpassing the inflorescence; culms slender, few, 
smooth, obtusely triangular, 2.5 mm. thick, 6-12 dm. long, 
bending over and allowing the viviparous plants which are 
produced at the base of the inflorescence to strike root; umbels 
of 3-6 usually compound rays, longest primary ray about 3 
cm. long; inflorescence globose, 3-8 cm. broad, dense to open 
according to crowding of spikelets ; spikelets usually numerous, 
6-20 mm. long, 1.5-3 mm. wide, 18-50-flowered, strongly flat- 
tened; scales closely imbricate, reddish-brown with a light- 
colored keel and margin, broadly ovate, mucronate, 3-nerved, 
glabrous, keel serrulate near apex; rachis narrowly winged; 
flowers dicecious; stamens 3, persisting after dehiscence as 
protruding ligulate scarious appendages; mature anther linear, 
acuminate, 1-2 mm. long, about 0.12 mm. wide; filaments 
about 0.5 mm. long; style trifid, nearly 3 mm. long, exceeding 
the glumes, lobes pubescent and exceeding the undivided por- 
tion ; achenes 0.66 mm. long, 1/3-1/4 as long as the subtending 
scale, nearly white, ovate, mucronate, 3-angled. 

Type: No. 1277, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by I. M. 
Johnston (No. 4145), about June 17, 1921, a moist area at 
Agua Grande, Carmen Island, Gulf of California. 

A very remarkable species, most nearly related to C. canus 
Presl, and to a species here questionably called C. mexicana 
Liebm. (Pringle 6044 and J. D. Smith 2229, in Gray Herb.) 
Cyperus dioicus is quite distinct from canus and mexicanus, 
differing in many inconspicuous details and in such conspicu- 
ous and important features as size and shape of inflorescence, 
in the number, length, and direction of stem leaves, in the 
direction, length, and size of culms, and notably in its vivi- 
parous habit. Though very different in general appearance, 
the three species are quite similar in’ spikelet details, all being 
dicecious, all having similarly shaped, closely appressed scales 
which are serrulate near the apex, all having the same peculiar 
stamens composed of short filaments and very long anthers, 


Vor. XJ JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 939 


and all having similar pistils. The spikelet details, especially 
staminal characters, show relationship with the African C. 
alternifolius and its allies of the section Textiles, but the pres- 
ence of basal leaves in dioicus is atypical in that section. Most 
representatives of the section Textiles have numerous stem 
leaves, whereas dioicus has but few of them. In other than its 
dicecious habit and large stamens, it is remarkably like C. 
dentatus of the section Haspani, having the spikelets of similar 
shape and color, achenes of similar size and color, similarly 
distributed and equally abundant leaves, and, finally, a similar 
viviparous habit. 

The plant is particularly interesting because of its agamic 
reproduction. Every stem produces just above the involucral 
leaves several buds which early grow into vigorous leafy 
young plants, and which commonly crowd or frequently de- 
velop at the expense of the inflorescence. The culm averages 
just under a meter in length, slender, and at best, hardly 
capable of erect growth, usualiy becomes top heavy, due to the 
inflorescence and viviparous plants, and arches over with the 
flower cluster touching the ground. The bud-grown plants 
strike root very readily once they come in contact with the soil, 
and at once repeat the process by developing their culms which 
are frequently near flowering before they reach the ground. 
A vigorous colony of this Cyperus presents a mass of arched 
stems which trip one up much as does Eleocharis rostellata. 

Pistillate specimens were collected on Carmen Island (4145) 
and staminate ones in the cafion back of Escondido Bay 
(4124). In the Brandegee collection there are six sheets of 
this new species, one collected by Purpus (7575) at Cafion San 
Pablo, and five gathered by Brandegee at San José del Cabo, 
Corral de Piedra, Sierra de la Laguna, and San Raimond 
Creek. No attempt seems to have been made to determine the 
specimens. The plant is evidently typical of the southern half 
of the peninsula ranging from San Pablo south to the cape. 


33. Cyperus ferax Rich. 


Cyperus ferax Rich., Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1:106. 
1792.—Cyperus speciosa Vahl, Enum. 2:364. 1806.—Type 
locality: Cayenne. 


990 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


A few scattered colonies were found growing along seeps 
in the cafions about San Pedro Bay (4305). The plant grows 
in tufts of 1-6 stems. On the peninsula it has been collected 
by Palmer at Mulegé and by Brandegee at Comondu, Sierra 
de San Francisco, and San José del Cabo. 


34. Cyperus levigatus L. 


Cyperus levigatus L. Mant. 2:179. 1771.—Type locality: 
Cape of Good Hope. 

Forming dense sods on the boggy areas about the numerous 
springs at Palm Tree Wells, Los Angeles Bay (3437). 
Other collections have been made in Lower California at Cala- 
mujuet (a very robust form), Los Angeles Bay, and Mulegé. 


35. Eleocharis caribea (Rottb.) Blake 


Eleocharis caribea Blake, Rhodora 20:24. 1918—Scirpus 
caribeus Rottb., Descr. Pl. Rar. Progr. 24. 1772.—Eleocharis 
capitata of authors.—Type locality: “insula Caribza St. 
Crucis.” 

Locally common in moist gypsum soil on San Marcos Island 
(3634), and in a sweetwater bog at San Evaristo Bay (4091). 
Brandegee has specimens from Corral de Piedra, San Greg- 
orio, and San José del Cabo. 


36. Scirpus americanus Pers. 


Scirpus americanus Pers., Synop. 1:68. 1805.—Scirpus 
pungens Vahl, Enum. 2:255. 1806.—T ype locality: South 
Carolina. 

Collected only at Los Angeles Bay (3431) where it forms 
a little sod by one of the springs of the Palm Tree Wells. 
Noted also at Mulegé. Brandegee has it from San José del 
Cabo and San Fernando. 


37. Scirpus olneyi Gray 


Scirpus olneyi Gray, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. 5:238. 1845.— 
Type locality: Seekonk River, Rhode Island. 

Growing about one of the water holes at the Palm Tree 
Wells at Los Angeles Bay (3448) and about the reservoir at 
Mulegé. Brandegee has it from San José del Cabo. 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 991 


VIII. Patmz 
38. Glaucothea armata (Wats.) Cook 


Glaucothea armata Cook, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 5:236. 
1915.—Brahea armata Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 11:146. 1876. 
—Erythea armata Wats., Bot. Calif. 2:212. 1880.—Type 
locality: Cantillas Cation, Lower California. 

Palms of this species are very common in a large cafion 
(called Palm Cafion) on the east side of Angel de la Guarda 
Island (3407, 3408, 3423). The plants are scattered up the 
dry gravelly bed of the cafion and become 8 m. high when 
growing in sheltered places. The palm was again seen in a 
wild state on the Sonoran coast at San Pedro (4340) and San 
Carlos (4349) bays where they were associated with the more 
abundant Sabal wresana. They grew 6-10 m. high and dif- 
fered from the Sabal in their preference of cafion bottoms to 
cafion sides. Cultivated trees were observed at Los Angeles 
Bay, Mulegé, and Guaymas. The species seems to affect 
gravelly washes and cafion beds. It appears to be self-trimmed, 
and develops scarcely buttressed trunks which are about 3-4 
dm. broad a meter above the ground. Flowering begins when 
the trunk is less than 2 m. high. The inflorescence exceeds 
the leaves and becomes 3-4 m. long. The mesocarp of the ripe 
fruit has a pleasant date-like flavor. 

Cook considers Glaucothea armata to be generically dis- 
tinct from the Guadalupe Island, Erythea edulis Wats. With 
this we are inclined to agree. When Glaucothea was proposed, 
however, Cook failed to appreciate that several other species 
(ie. Erythea brandegei, E. elegans, and E. aculeata) were so 
close to armata that their generic relations to that species are 
indubitable, and that when these species are considered the 
white waxy coat present in armata and emphasized in the gen- 
eric name, ceases to be of generic value. Cook made several 
statements which need correcting; e.g., in avmata the leaves do 
not have a bowed midrib, the ligule frequently does have a 
tomentose cushion, and the inflorescence is not erect but hori- 
zontal or reflexed; furthermore all the plants seen had trunks 
as slender as, or even more slender than, Erythea edulis, they 
flowered as young, and had similarly colored flowers. 


992 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 


The generic differences between Erythea and Glaucothea 
reside in developments of petiole and inflorescence. In 
Erythea the peticle becomes reflexed by bending near the point 
of attachment, tears loose from the sheath, and thereby ex- 
poses most of its length. In Glaucothea the petiole remains 
attached to the sheath, becoming reflexed by a bend a deci- 
meter or more above the point of attachment, hence fails to 
disclose a goodly portion of its length, and so appears shorter. 
In Erythea the inflorescence has stout branches, is rather 
dense, and is evidently shorter than the leaves; it has spathes 
subtending all the primary branches as well as having 
(usually) two empty ones on the basal portion of the flower- 
ing branch. Glaucothea has a somewhat more specialized inflor- 
escence which differs in elongation, slenderness, and reduction 
of parts; the flowering branch extending far beyond the leaves 
and the four or five lower sheaths being flowerless. The 
terminal branch of the inflorescence is particularly elongated, 
appearing as the spatheless elongation of the flowering branch. 

The San Carlos Bay collection is referable to E. armata var. 
microcarpa Becc. (Webbia 2:136. 1907) but does not seem 
to differ from the Angel de la Guarda Island collections in 
other than small size of fruit. It is doubtful whether size of 
fruit is significant, but an effort should be made to see whether 
or not it is geographically correlated. 


39. Glaucothea brandegeei (Purpus), n. comb. 


Erythea brandegeei Purpus, Gartenflora 52:11, f. 1-2. 1903. 
—Type locality: Mountains back of San José del Cabo, 
Lower California. 

Seen in a wild state only in the deep cafion in the Sierra 
Giganta back of Escondido Bay (4107) where it is very com- 
mon down to about 350 m. altitude. It grows along the 
stream bed or in sheltered recesses on the mountain side and 
may become 15-22 m. high although the common height is 
only about 10m. The trunk is apparently self-trimmed. This 
new station extends the known range of the species some 
distance to the northward, the only previously known stations 
being in the cape region. The palm found growing with Phee- 
nix about the old water hole on Catalina Island (4105) is 


Vor. XITJ JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 993 


probably this species, but it is highly improbable that the 
species is native on the island. 

This palm is nearest to G. armata and perhaps eventually 
will be found to intergrade with it. The most apparent dif- 
ference between the two species is in the foliage. Glaucothea 
armata has the fronds heavily glaucous on both surfaces, 
whereas G. brandegeei has the upper surface green or at least 
greener than the lower surface, which is more or less glaucous. 
Purpus suggests that brandegeei has leaves of thinner texture, 
but, though this seems to be true in the young fronds, the 
single available mature frond of brandegeei, that from near San 
José del Cabo, is an exact duplicate, in all but its green upper 
surface, of the fronds of typical armata. The thinner leaves 
and the greater height of growth in brandegeei may be due to 
the comparatively moister and less arid condition in which it 
grows as contrasted with armato. 

The fruit of G. brandegeei needs study. Purpus has given a 
figure (f. 2) which shows the peculiar stipe-like process found 
on the fruit in the type collection. Mature fruit of armata 
does not show the process developed to such a marked degree. 
The fruit with the type of the Sinaloan Glaucothea aculeata, n. 
comb. (Erythea aculeata Brandg.) lacks the stipe-like process 
and, though of the same size as the fruit of brandegeet figured 
by Purpus, is larger than the fruit in isotype material of 
brandegeei. Glaucothea elegans, n. comb. (Erythea elegans 
Becc.) is another closely related species. It is known only 
from Sonora and is characterized by its pear-shaped fruit. 


40. Sabal uresana Trel. 


Sabal uresana Trel., Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 12:79, t. 36-37. 
1901.—Inodes uresana Cook, Bull. Torr. Cl. 28:534. 1901.— 
Inodes roseana Cook, Bull. Torr. Cl. 28:534. 1901.—Sabal 
roseana Becc., Webbia 2:83. 1907.—Type locality: A few 
miles north of Ures, Sonora. 

Growing in great abundance in the vicinity of San Pedro 
Bay where it forms forests in the cafions and on the mountain 
sides near the gulf shore. Smaller colonies also occur at San 
Carlos Bay (4345). At both stations the plant grows with 
Glaucothea armata, but greatly exceeds that species in number 


994 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. 


of individuals. Cultivated plants occur on the plaza at Guay- 
mas. The species is most at home on broad gravelly cafion 
floors but is also frequent on the hillsides. At San Pedro Bay 
scattered trees grow even on the cliffs that arise from the 
gulf shore. Immense groves occur near the gulf a few kilom- 
eters south of San Pedro Bay, but no visit was made to them. 

The tree commonly grows about 12 m. high with a self- 
trimmed, clear trunk about 3 dm. in diameter. The spadix is 
paniculate, ascending, and about the length of the fronds or 
frequently even exceeding them, due to the drooping frond 
segments. The fronds are slightly glaucous, but the petioles 
are quite so, especially above. The average leaf-blade has a 
span of about 19 dm. and a length of about 15 dm., but some 
large fronds are 20 dm. broad and 17 dm. long. The seg- 
ments of the frond are drooping and flap in the breeze; near 
the center of the frond they are cut 1/2-3/5 way to base but 
near the margins the cutting almost reaches the ligule. The 
petioles average about 18 dm. in length, though some 25 dm. 
long were noted. The base of the petiole has a flare of over 
25 cm. but the width of the middle segments is only about 4 
cm. The dried fruit is strongly depressed, brown in color, and 
averages about 15 mm. in width and 12 mm. in thickness. 
The seeds are mahogany in color, depressed rounded, about 12 
mm. broad and 7 mm. high. The surface is usually smooth or 
finely rugose, though a few seeds have the coarse reticulate 
rugosities illustrated by Trelease. The embryo is lateral, lying 
horizontally or placed at an angle as sharp as 40°; its location 
is marked by a small circular impression on the testa. The 
branchlets of the inflorescence are not spindle-shaped, but un- 
thickened and 1-2 mm. in diameter. 

The determination of this palm is difficult as it is inter- 
mediate between S. uresana and S. roseana. The two species 
have been distinguished by shape of spadix branchlets, size 
and form of tree, position of embryo, and surface of seeds. 
Before the shape of spadix branchlets can be used, it will be 
necessary to demonstrate by field observations that the develop- 
ment in the type of wresana is not an unimportant individual 
variation. Beccari (Webbia 2:76. 1907) has shown that the 
embryo differences between the two species are illusionary, 
while the author’s observations reveal that the embryo position 


Vor. XIT] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 995 


is too variable for a specific character. In the San Carlos Bay 
collections the seeds vary from smooth to strongly reticulate, 
and so the use of that character is impossible. It seems as 
though the surface of the seeds must be affected by differences 
in maturing. Sabal roscana is supposed to have larger leaves 
and to be a taller and more slender tree than S. uresana. The 
San Pedro Bay and San Carlos Bay plants have these latter 
characters of roseana save that the trunk is as stout as given 
for uresana. It seems that roseana should stand as a southern 
non-glaucous form of uresana and should be called Sabal 
uresana var. roseana, n. comb. With roseana thus disposed 
of, the present glaucous Sonoran plant would be called typical 
S. uresana. 


IX. LEMNACEx 
41. Lemna cyclostasa (Ell.) Schleid. 


Lemna cyclostasa Schleid., Linnea 13:390. 1839.—Lemna 
minor var. cyclostasa Ell., Bot. S. C. and Ga. 2:518. 1824.— 
Type locality: Beaufort, South Carolina. 

Growing on a still pool back of the Typha clumps about the 
reservoir at Mulegé (3701). Brandegee has collected the 
same thing in the Sierra de San Francisquito of the cape 
region. 


X. BROMELIACE# 
42. Hectia pedicellata Wats. 

Hectia pedicellata Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 26:155. 1891.— 
Hectia montana Brandg., Erythea 7:9. 1899.—T ype locality: 
Guadalajara, Jalisco. 

Forming dense colonies on rock-ledges in the cafions about 


San Pedro Bay (4314) and above 300 m. altitude in the Sierra 
Giganta back of Escondido Bay (4106). 


XI. COMMELINACEZ 
43. Tradescantia heterophylla Brandg. 


Tradescantia heterophylla Brandg., Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 
10:181. 1922.—Type locality: Sierra El Taste, Lower Cali- 
fornia. 


996 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Sen. 


A plant which, with little doubt, represents this species, was 
locally common in the crevices of a basalt ledge on a sheltered 
bend in a gorge-like constriction in a ravine at the isthmus on 
Espiritu Santo Island (3987). The plant has a cluster of 
fleshy, linear roots which grow wedged into crevices, and a 
slender stem 3-4 dm. long which hangs down loosely from 
them. Only crisped stems were found but living roots were 
sent to Dr. Rose at the National Museum. Growing with the 
Tradescantia were Dudleya albiflora and a lactiferous Mammil- 
laria, neither of which was seen elsewhere. 


XII. JuNcAcEz 
44. Juncus balticus var. mexicanus (Willd.) Kuntze 


Juncus balticus var. mexicanus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3?:320. 
1898.—Juncus mexicanus Willd. in R. & S., Syst. 7:178. 1829. 
—Juncus balticus £. mexicanus Parish, Muhl. 6:119. 1910.— 
Type locality: Mexico. 

Common about the water holes at Los Angeles Bay (3435). 


XII. Littacez 
45. Yucca valida Brandg. 


Yucca valida Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:208, t. 
11. 1889.—T ype locality: San Gregorio, Lower California. 

Seen only at San Francisquito Bay (3547) where a few 
large trees grow scattered over the sandy plain heading the bay. 
The plants were 6 m. high and composed of 1-9 ascending 
trunks which were loosely branched above. The inflorescence 
is erect and 3-6 dm. long. 


XIV. AMARYLLIDACE 
46. Agave deserti Engelm. 


Agave deserti Engelm., Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3:310. 1875. 
—Agave pringlei Engelm. in Baker, Handb. Amaryll. 182. 
1888.—A gave dentiens Trel., Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22:51, t. 
38-40. 1912.—Agave consociata Trel., Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 
22:53, t. 43. 1912—A gave nelsoni Trel., Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 
22:61, t. 65-67. 1912—Type locality: San Felipe, California. 


—— 


SS ee ee ee 


Vor. XII) JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 997 


Collections referable to this species were collected on Angel 
de la Guarda Island (3405a-g), San Esteban Island (3194), 
Los Angeles Bay (3487, 3489), and San Marcos Island (3649, 
3650). At all these stations it grew in colonies on hillsides. 
This is the thickish-leaved, surculose, acaulescent agave that is 
frequent over northern Lower California. 

Considerable time was spent at Palm Cafion on Angel de la 
Guarda studying the variation in one large colony of this 
species. It was found that the common leaf-shape was acutely 
triangular with the blade 10-11 cm. wide at the base and 
gradually tapering to the point. The leaf-margin was usually 
unarmed or with an occasional weak tooth (3405c). The leaves 
varied from dagger-shaped (3405d,g) and only 6-8 cm. wide at 
the base by 4-6 dm. long, to definitely triangular (3405c), 
10-11 cm. wide at the base, and tapering to the point 3 dm. 
away. All became smaller as the tip was approached, but 
some tapered evenly from the base (3405c,d,f) whereas others 
were abruptly contracted above the base (3405a,b,e). The 
margins vary from entirely naked (3405e) to armed with 
friable triangular teeth 2-3 mm. long and 5-8 mm. apart. 
Photographs of the colony mentioned are so similar to one 
(Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: t. 41. 1912) of A. deserti taken at 
its type locality that, to all appearances, they might represent 
different views of the same colony. 

On San Esteban Island the plant is common in small col- 
onies on the scoriz-covered hillsides. The inflorescence be- 
comes 6 m. high. Though prevailingly with denticulate leaf- 
margins some plants have the leaf-margins entirely unarmed. 
Trelease’s A. dentiens is based on material from San Esteban 
Island but does not seem worthy of recognition. In shape, 
the leaves are similar to the prevailing forms on Angel de la 
Guarda Island. 

At Los Angeles Bay the plants seemed rather constant in 
shape and armature of leaves. They differed from the Angel 
de la Guarda plants in having the leaves parallel-margined and 
with coarser and more widely-spaced teeth. It is frequent on 
the rock slopes of the hills back from the shore. 

On San Marcos Island the plant was seen only on gypsum 
and was much reduced in stature. On exposed mesas it 
formed small cespitose groups with leaves 8-15 cm. long, and 


998 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


inflorescences 15 dm. high with pauciflorous almost capitate 
flower-clusters. In ravines or sheltered places the leaves be- 
come 25 cm. long, and the inflorescence 25 dm. high and more 
branched. The leaves are broadest above the middle, and, 
though occasionally linear-oblong, are usually oblong in out- 
line. The armature consists of a few coarse straight teeth. 

Observations on the islands lead one strongly to doubt the 
value of leaf-shape and armature as diagnostic characters. It 
seems particularly undesirable that species be based upon them 
without any idea of the extent of variation exhibited in the 
field. The colony on Angel de la Guarda Island contains a 
number of diverse forms. As species have been made in 
Agave, all of them are deserving of specific recognition. 
Since such taxonomic treatment would be impossible to the 
author, he has relegated to synonymy a number of species 
based on leaf-shape and armature. 


47. Agave chrysoglossa, n. sp. 


Leaves in rather loose acaulescent rosettes, 5-15 dm. long, 
4-6 cm. wide, widest just below the middle, linear-lanceolate, 
pale yellowish green, glaucescent, concavo-convex, especially 
towards the apex; spine 25-35 mm. long, subulate or linear- 
subulate, sulcate to somewhat above the middle, brown, becom- 
ing ashy; decurrent for 2-3 dm. and confluent with the narrow 
firm straight unarmed margin of the leaf; inflorescence 25-40 
dm. high, usually bent over, a dense spicate-racemose cluster 
15-20 dm. long and about 1 dm. broad; pedicels 4-5 mm. long 
each with a pair of reflexed filiform or subulate bracts that are 
2-3 cm. long and dilated near the base; peduncles stout, 3-4 
mim. long; flowers geminate, about 3 cm. long; perianth ob- 
long in the bud, with a broad tube 3 mm. long and bright 
yellow linear somewhat obtuse segments 15 mm. long and 
3-3.5 mm. wide; filaments inserted in the throat, 25-30 mm. 
long, yellow, flattened; anthers arcuate, 8-9 mm. long; cap- 
sule oblong, about 2 cm. long, 12 mm. wide; seeds numerous, 
dull black, 2-2.5 mm. wide. 

Type: No. 1278, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected April 17, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3123) on the rocky slopes of San 
Pedro Nolasco Island, Gulf of California. 


_—— a a ee 


Ver. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 999 


This very beautiful species grows on San Pedro Nolasco 
Island (3123). When found it was enlivening the rocky mid- 
slopes of the island with spectacular, bright yellow tongues of 
color. The plants grew singly and produced dense elegant 
spicate floral clusters 1-2 m. long and 8-10 cm. broad which, 
due to their weight, almost invariably bent over with their tips 
nearly touching the ground. The same, or a closely related 
species, was observed in a sterile condition at San Pedro Bay 
(4338). The relationships of this species are with 4. vil- 
morimiana Berger of Jalisco. This latter was described from 
a sterile garden plant and differs in its foliage. 


48. Agave oweni, n. sp. 


Acaulescent, surculose; leaves green, lightly glaucous, stiffly 
spreading, almost flat, 5-8 dm. long, from a base 6-8 cm. broad, 
abruptly contracted to a sword-like blade 20-25 mm. wide; 
spine brown to ashy, straight, 10-14 mm. long and 3-5 mm. 
broad, stout and compressed-terete below but ending in a more 
or less well pronounced angular acumen 3-4 (or 9) mm. long, 
evidently decurrent for about 1 cm. and then confluent with the 
horny leaf-margin, broadly and deeply grooved to about the 
middle; teeth on a straight hard leaf-margin, blackish brown, 
thin but hard and firmly attached, sharp, antrorse, triangular, 
20-35 mm. long, 1-4 cm. apart; inflorescence 18 dm. high, stalk 
38 mm. thick 6 dm. above ground; panicle ovate or oblong in 
outline, open; pedicels stout, 2-4 mm. long, becoming obese in 
fruit ; flowers pale yellowish, 4 cm. long; ovary fusiform, about 
2 cm. long ; perianth-tube 4 mm. deep, 11 mm. wide, 6-grooved 
without; perianth lobes erect, linear-lanceolate, 15-17 mm. 
long, about 4 mm. wide at the broadened base, obtuse with 
thickened inrolled tips; filaments compressed-filiform, 35 mm. 
long, less than 1 mm. wide, adfixed in the throat of perianth- 
tube; style 40-43 mm. long; capsule oblong, 40-45 mm. long, 
20-25 mm. wide; seeds shiny black, 7-8 mm. long, 5-6 mm. 
wide. 

Type: No. 1279 Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected April 14, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3085) on an islet in Guaymas 
Harbor, Sonora. 


1000 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser. 


Frequent on a scorie-covered islet in Guaymas Harbor 
(3085), and what is assumed to be the same is very common 
‘on the rocky slopes about San Carlos Bay. .The narrow leaves 
give the sterile plants much the general appearance of Yucca 
whipplet. The new species evidently belongs to Berger’s (Die 
Agaven 230. 1915) Unterreihe Tequilane of the Reihe 
Rigide, and its nearest described relative seems to be A. 
yaquiana Trel. (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23:120. 1920). 
. Agave yaquiana comes from between Hermosillo and Ures and 
is known only from its leaves which differ from those of A. 
owent in being more coarsely toothed, 5 cm. (instead of 25 
mm.) wide, and in having a spine 25 (not 10-14) mm. long. 
The new species may be only a geographic form of A. yaqui- 
ana, but material from the intermediate area and a complete 
description of A. yaquiana are needed before the final disposi- 
tion of A. oweni can be made. 

The species is named for Mr. Virgil Owen, ornithologist of 
the expedition, whose interest in botany added many interesting 
plants to the collections. 


49. Agave sleviniana, n. sp. 


Acaulescent, non-surculose; leaves yuccoid, glaucous, lance- 
linear, abruptly narrowed above the very broad base but 
slightly widening again near the middle and then gradually 
contracted to the tip, 5-6 dm. long, 25-30 mm. wide near the 
middle, stiffly spreading; spine light brown to ashy, 
almost straight, compressed acicular, usually 35 (30-40) mm. 
long, 3-3.5 mm. wide, with a slit-like groove extending to the 
middle, narrowly decurrent for 10-12 cm., confluent with the 
upper pair of teeth; teeth ashy, comparatively few, 10-35 mm. 
apart, 6-10 mm. long, mostly broadly triangular, variously 
curved, antrorse, on straight leaf margins; inflorescence 3 m. 
high, narrowly paniculate above; scape 25 mm. thick 5 dm. 
above ground; pedicels 5-8 mm. long; flowers in compact 
clusters, 4 cm. long, with very thin linear-oblong lobes 16-17 
mm. long and 4 mm. wide, tube 2 mm. deep; ovary fusiform 
17 mm. long; filaments inserted in the throat of the perianth 
tube, 25 mm. long; anthers 17 mm. long. 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1001 


Type: No. 1280 Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected April 11, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3043) on a hillside near La Paz, 
Lower California. 

Clearly a near relative of A. sobria, with which it agrees in 
floral characters, but very different from all forms of that 
species in its very narrow yucca-like leaves. The new species 
might be considered only a form of sobria were it not that the 
latter species is represented at La Paz by a very evident geo- 
graphic variety. Rather than accredit another variety to a 
locality already occupied by a geographical form, A. sleviniana 
is described as a species with the hope that some student may 
determine its proper relations by further observations about 
the type locality. The plant is frequent on the rocky cafion 
sides near the ocean just east of La Paz (3043). It was 
recognized by some small boys who wrote its name as “sabia.” 

The species is named for Mr. Joseph Slevin, herpetologist 
and head of the expedition. 


50. Agave sobria Brandg. 


Agave sobria Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad Sci. I, 2:207. 
1889.—A gave cerulata Trel., Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22:55, t. 
45-47. 1912.—Agave carmunis Trel., Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 
22:55, t. 48-49. 1912.—Agave affinis Trel., Rep. Mo. Bot. 
Gard. 22:56, t. 52-53. 1912.—Agave avellanidens Trel., Rep. 
Mo. Bot. Gard. 22:60, t. 61-62. 1912—Type locality: 
Comondti Mesa, Lower California. 

Found on the steep hillsides of Carmen and Danzante 
(3857) islands, and at Escondido (3843) and Agua Verde 
(3887) bays. The plant has a loose, solitary rosette of a few 
flat, lanceolate leaves, and an inflorescence usually 2-3 m. high. 
The collection from Escondido Bay came from a sandy wash 
where it°grew 75 dm. high and had leaves over a meter long, 
but the common habitat at that locality was on rocky hillsides 
where the plants became only half as large as those growing 
in the wash. The Danzante Island plants have rather coarse 
teeth. Mature capsules from the island collection are 55 mm. 
long, whereas those from Agua Verde Bay are only 30 mm. 


1002 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47u Sen. 


long. As here taken, A. sobria includes the common non- 
surculose agave of the volcanic region along the Sierra 
Giganta. It varies much in the development of teeth, and in 
the south is replaced by the following variety: 


51. Agave sobria var. roseana (Trel.), n. comb. 


Agave roseana Trel., Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22:59, t. 58-60. 
1912. Agave connochetodon Trel., Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 
22:58, t. 57. 1912. Type locality: Espiritu Santo Island. 

Collected at three different points on Espiritu Santo Island 
(3989, 3990, 4001, 4002, 4003) where it is frequent on mesas 
and on steep slopes. The inflorescence becomes 25-40 dm. 
high. The plants show considerable variation in foliar char- 
acters, the leaf-length varying from 2-6 dm., the width from 
5-10 cm., and the shape from linear-lanceolate to acutely 
oblanceolate. The teeth vary from slender to stout, from 
small (8 mm.) to very large (25 mm. long), and from tri- 
angular to tortuous. There seems to be variation in armature 
according to the age of the plant. The prevailing form on the 
island (represented by no. 4002) is slightly less heavily armed 
than is the taxonomic type of A. roseana. Agave connoche- 
todon from Santa Maria Bay is too close to roseana and is 
simulated by some of the collections from Espiritu Santo 
Island. On the peninsula roseana has been collected at La Paz 
and near Pichilinque. As here taken it differs from A. sobria 
in its coarse armature and southern range, and agrees with it 
in its general aspect, habit, and floral structures. 

The agaves of Lower California have been treated in a 
special paper by Trelease (Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22:37-65, t. 
18-72. 1912) which is admirable for its abundance of care- 
fully selected photographs of types and critical specimens. 
While studying the Academy collections Trelease’s paper has 
been critically reviewed in the light of the new material and of 
the acquired field knowledge, and it seems quite evident that 
Trelease has segregated too finely, due to his over use of leaf- 
shape and dentition as specific characters. Because of this fact 
the following new synopsis of the peninsular agaves has been 
prepared : 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1003 


Agave promontorii Trel. and A. aurea Brandg. are closely 
related species, the former growing in the cape region and the 
latter in the vicinity of Comondti. These may be only geo- 
graphical forms of one species, but as they differ in two 
unrelated floral measurements, there is reason for maintaining 
them at least temporarily. The differences are in breadth and 
length of the perianth lobes. The flowers are similar in size 
and general appearance, and the plants are the same in habit 
and aspect. Agave brandegeei Trel., from San José del Cabo, 
is a mixture composed of leaves of promontoriu and flowers of 
a species related to sobria. The relation between 4. datylio 
Weber and A. vexans Trel. is somewhat similar to that be- 
tween promontorti and aurea. Agave datylio comes from the 
cape region and vexans from the middle Sierra Giganta. 
They differ mainly, if not only, in the length of the stamens. 
There being only one character involved, the latter is here 
treated as A. datylio var. vexans, n. comb. Agave shawii 
Engelm. includes A. sebastiana Greene, A. orcuttianu Trel., A. 
pachyacantha Trel., and A. goldmaniana Trel. These latter 
species are based on foliar shape and armature which are not 
constant nor of any value as specific characters. All the 
segregates of A. shawi are the same in appearance, according 
to Mr. Brandegee. 


Surculose; plants simple. 
Perianth lobes broadly lanceolate, united below into a 
distinct tube; leaves with small close-set teeth. 
Perianth lobes broad, 15 mm. long, 8-12 mm. broad...,...... A. aurea 
Perianth lobes narrow, 18 mm. long, 6-8 mm. broad... A. promontorii 
Perianth lobes lance-linear, scarcely united; leaves with 
coarser more widely spaced teeth. 


Leaves lance-linear, 3 cm. wide or less.................. A. sleyiniana 
Leaves broadly lanceolate or oblanceolate, 5-15 cm. 
wide. 
Leaf margin nearly straight, with rather small un- 
hookediteeth iy nce ster cyeless clove isieie s cnesies wieieinle'e e alee A. sobria 
Leaf margin deeply repand, with coarse hooked 
Teethers ees eae eas ata Ntvataretsrs cio lesar ose kai iste niiaerara rete A. s. roseana 


Non-surculose; rosettes several to each root. 
Short caulescent; leaves obovate, ovate, or oblong, mar- 
ginal teeth confluent; scape stout; rosettes dense, 
Globular: Fistor ctacctontes wa anatale tare ees aint nia Telestream ns A. shawii 


1004 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser. 


- Acaulescent;. leaves linear or oblong, marginal teeth 
distinct; scape slender; rosettes usually very loose. 
Flowers ochroleucous, conspicuously tubular, stamens 
adfixed low in tube; leaves linear; spine stout, 
scarcely decurrent. 
Filaments 35-40 mm. long, exceeding perianth by 


QO R25 rms es amie ey Nearer tee eaisicloos a area ede close le eloley ese isve A. bai 
Filaments 20-30 mm. long, exceeding perianth by 
TORTS mms cscvn casos vsinrs pores Caio ae watesceeroseas A, d. vexans 


- Flowers yellow, lobes united only at base, stamens ad- 
fixed in throat of very short tube; leaves ovate 
to linear-oblong or lanceolate; spine long de- 
current. 
Leaves broadest above base, about half as broad as 
long, 15 cm. long, ovate acuminate, forming — 
dense globular rosettes............20ceceeeeeeees A. margarite 
Leaves broadest at base, less than a third as long as 
wide, 15-80 cm. long, oblong to linear; rosettes 
Loose iscsi aie areisie nies eal als Diets are OSE oe ee A. deserti 


Agave sp. 


A single plant of an apparently undescribed species was 
found on a gravelly bench near the ocean at San Pedro Bay 
(4338). The leaves are flat, acuminate, obovate, recurving, 
broadest between the middle and the apex, 5-6 dm. long, 15 
cm. wide, and form loose non-surculose rosettes. The in- 
florescence becomes 27 dm. high. The plant seems to fall in 
the Unterreihe Euscolymoides of Berger’s monograph (Die 
Agaven 185. 1915) and near A. saundersi. It appears to 
be undescribed but is not named here due to the lack of flowers. 
The mature fruit is rough, and seems to have rather thick 
walls. 


XV. ORCHIDACEE 
52. Epipactis gigantea Dougl. 


Epipactis gigantea Doug]. in Hook., Fl. Bor. Am. 2:202. 
1830.—Serapias gigantea Eaton, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21:67. 
1908.—Amesia gigantea Nels. & Macbride, Bot. Gaz. 56:472. 
1913.—T ype locality: Northwest America. 


Vor. X10} - JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY «: 1005 


Very common in moist sheltered places in a canon in the 
Sierra Giganta back of Escondido Bay (4395). It occurs 
most abundantly above 500 m. altitude. 


XVI. SAURURACEE 
53. Anemopsis californica H. & A. 


Anemopsis californica H. & A., Bot. Beechey 390, t. 92. 
1841.—T ype locality: Santa Boniee. California. 

Common on the moist meadows about the reservoir at 
Mulegé (3692). 


XVII. SALICACEz 
54. Populus monticola Brandg. 


Populus monticola Brandg., Zoe 1:274. 1800.—Poputus 
brandegeei Schneider, Il. Handb. Laubh. 1:23. 1904.—Type 
locality: Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California. 

Found in the upper parts of the large canon in the Sierra 
Giganta directly back of Escondido Bay (4120). Previously 
known only from the type region in the Sierra Laguna about 
250 km. to the southward. The tree is common along a small 
stream, first appearing at about 350 m. alt. and above that 
growing with Glaucothea brandegeei and forming a canopy 
over the brook. It is a large tree becoming 18 m. high. 
Bailey (Stand. Cycl. Hort. 2756. 1916) has inferred that 
this species is merely an escaped form of P. alba, but the dis- 
covery of this new and very isolated locality would seem to 
make such an assertion highly improbable. 


55. Salix bonplandiana H. B. K. 


Salix bonplandiana H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2:20, t.101- 
102. 1817.—Type locality: Hidalgo. 

Fruiting specimens of this willow were taken from a few 
young trees growing about the water-holes at Los Angeles 
Bay (3450). Probably the same species was seen at Mulegé, 
Escondido Bay, and La Paz. 


1006 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc, 47H Ser. 


XVIII. Untmacea 
56. Celtis levigata var. brevipes (Wats.) Sarg. 


Celtis levigata var. brevipes Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 67:226. 1919. 
—Celtis brevipes Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14:297. 1879.— 
Type locality: Near Camp Grant, Arizona. 

To the above variety is doubtfully referred the Celtis col- 
lected from rocky ground in the cafion back of Escondido Bay 
(4108). The plant is locally infrequent, forming a loose 
shrub 25-35 dm. high on the cafion side and usually in places 
somewhat protected by sheltering ledges. The Celtis men- 
tioned by Goldman (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16:323. 1916) 
is the same. Other collections of the plant have been made at 
San Pablo by Purpus (141), and at Corral Piedra and San 
Julio Cafion by Brandegee. The peninsular plants have been 
usually referred to C. reticulata, but surely they are not that 
species, for they differ in having glabrous and much less veiny 
leaves. They have stiffer and less elongate leaves than Ari- 
zonan brevipes and may be distinct. 


XIX. Moracex 
57. Ficus palmeri Wats. 


Ficus palmeri Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:77. 1889.—Ficus 
brandegei Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20:22. 1917.— 
Type locality: San Pedro Martir Island. 

Widely distributed over the gulf area where it was seen on 
San Pedro Nolasco (3126, 3138, 3139, 3140), San Pedro 
Martir (3153, 3162), South San Lorenzo (3528, 3534), San — 
Marcos (3625, 3629), Ildefonso (3739, 3740), Carmen 
(3803), Danzante (3861, 4406), Monserrate, Catalina, Santa 
Cruz, San Diego (3932, 4097), San Josef, Espiritu Santo 
(3971, 3979), and Ceralbo (4066) islands; and at San Pedro 
(4315), San Carlos (4365), Escondido, and Agua Verde 
(3885) bays. It is a tree which grows in cafions, on moun- 
tain sides, and on ocean cliffs down to within a few meters of 
the water. Although its surroundings vary it seems invari- 
ably to grow from the crevices of rocks. The plant varies 
much in habit according to its habitat, being prostrate or 
spreading with a breadth of only 1-2 m. and a height of 2-4 


Vor. XII} JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1007 


dm. when growing in exposed places, forming a domed growth 
2-3 m. high when growing in sheltered but dry places, and 
forming a widely spreading tree 12 m. high and 15 m. broad 
when in cafions. The plant exhibits its most interesting phase 
when growing on precipitous cliffs on which it forms grotesque 
reliefs of broad white roots that spread out and downward 
over the cliff-face like tangled taffy strands. On San Marcos 
Island the tree frequents high, sometimes overhanging, gypsum 
cliffs and lets fall cascades of taffy-like roots from heights of 
over 30m. Occasional trees produce aerial roots formed of a 
brush-like mass 1-3 dm. long borne on the end of a hanging 
strand sometimes several meters long. The production of 
aerial roots seems to be an individual matter, for this develop- 
ment may be present or absent on the trees in a single colony. 
The trunk is white and is usually short, but in well developed 
trees like those observed at San Pedro Bay the trunk may be- 
come 3 m. high and 18 dm. thick. 

There is considerable variation in pubescence, even in a 
single locality, some plants having densely pubescent leaves and 
silky-villous twigs, whereas others are glabrate or even glab- 
rous. Since there is complete gradation between strongly 
pubescent and glabrous forms at many localities it becomes 
impossible to follow Standley in segregating the glabrous forms 
under the name of F. brandegei. The leaves also vary in 
shape. The common form is cordate, but ovate forms are fre- 
quent, and on Danzante Island a single plant was found which 
had narrowly oblong leaves. The only fully ripe fruit seen 
was that on a glabrous plant on Ildefonso Island; it was 
glabrous, yellowish, strongly depressed-globose, and 20-25 
mm. broad. The pubescence on the receptacles probably varies 
with that on the stems and leaves, as immature figs on very 
pubescent plants are shaggy white-villous. The peduncles do 
not complete their growth until after the fruit is about one- 
third developed when they elongate rapidly and finally become 
2-5 cm. long. Ficus palmeri is the most massive tree in the 
gulf area and is well known under the name of “salate.” 
Though previously unknown from the mainland of Sonora it 
was found to be frequent at San Carlos Bay and to be very 
common about San Pedro Bay. The species has been col- 
lected on Tiburon Island. 


1008 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Sen. 


XX. URtTIcaAcEz 
58. Parietaria debilis Forst. 


Parietaria debilis Forst., Prodr. 73. 1786.—T ype locality: 
New Zealand. : 

A single large plant was found growing over wet gravel in 
the cafion in the Sierra Giganta back of Escondido Bay 
(4119). 


XXI. LoRANTHACEE 
59. Phoradendron californicum Nutt. 


Phoradendron californicum Nutt., Jour. Acad. Phila. II, 
1:185. 1848.—Type locality: California. 

Seen only at the north end of Angel de la Guarda Island 
(3383) where frequent on Cercidium microphyllum, and near 
Willard’s Point on Tiburon Island where common on Prosopis 
chilensis. It forms compact intricate pendant masses 5-10 dm. 
broad. 


59a. Phoradendron californicum var. distans Trel. 


Phoradendron californicum var. distans Trel., Univ. Il. 
Bull. 45:21, t. 13. 1916.—T ype locality: Arizona. 

Very common on Prosopis chilensis at Agua Verde Bay 
(3907). The habit is quite similar to, but the inflorescence is 
very different from, that of the species. 


60. Phoradendron diguetianum Van Tiegh. 


Phoradendron diguetianum Van Tiegh., Bull. Mus. Hist. 
Nat. Paris 1:31. 1895.—Phoradendron eduardi Trel., Univ. 
Ill. Bull. 45:46, t. 47. 1916.—Phoradendron globuliferum Trel., 
Univ. Ill. Bull. 45:48, t. 51. 1916.— Phoradendron brachy- 
phyllum Trel., Univ. Ill. Bull. 45:49, t. 53. 1916.—Phoraden- 
dron aureum Trel., Univ. Ill. Bull. 45:49, t. 52. 1916.— 
Phoradendron tumidum Trel., Univ. Ill. Bull. 45:49, t. 53. 
1916.—Phoradendron peninsulare Trel., Univ. Ill. Bull. 45:50, 
t. 55. 1916.—Phoradendron saccatum Trel., Univ. Ill. Bull. 
45:50, t. 55. 1916.—Type locality: Lower California. 


Vor. X11} - JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1009 


Common at most of the stations south of Carmen Island 
(3841). On Santa Cruz Island (3922) it is extremely abun- 
dant and vigorous on Castelia, forming huge masses which 
often nearly equal the host in size. Otherwise found almost 
universally on Jatropha spathulata on which it forms small 
masses 1-2 dm. long. There seems to be only one variable 
species of this: group in Lower California and not seven as 
Trelease has indicated in his monograph. Trelease based his 
species on too few specimens; he entirely disregarded natural 
distribution, and characterized his species on what seems-to be 
no more than individual variations. The peninsular material 
agrees in having thick leaves and a compact habit, and is very 
close to certain mainland forms particularly to P. globuliferum 
which is doubtfully synonymous. 


61. Phoradendron brachystachum (DC.) Nutt. 


Phoradendron brachystachum Nutt., Jour. Acad. Phila. II, 
1:185. 1847.—Viscum brachystachum DC., Prodr. 4:280. 
1830.—Type locality: Between Tampico and Real del Monte, 
Mexico. 

Doubtfully referred here is the plant collected on Jacquinia 
pungens at Guaymas (3115) and Tiburon Island (4275). 


62. Struthanthus henkei var. angustus, n. var. 


Leaves linear or lance-linear, sessile or subsessile, 5-10 mm. 
wide, 5-9 cm. long. 

Type: No. 1281, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected July 7, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 4331) on leguminous trees at 
San Pedro Bay, Sonora. 

Frequent on Acacia willardiana, A. californica, and Lysiloma 
microphylla, in the cafions about San Pedro Bay (4331) where 
it forms very elongate pendent clusters 3-12 dm. long. The 
fruit is reddish. Struthanthus henkei DC. is represented in 
Sonora by the present narrow-leaved form which, due to its 
geographic correlation, deserves at least varietal recognition. 


1010 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4rH- Sen. 


XXII. OLacacez 
63. Scheepfia californica Brandg. 


Schepfia californica Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 
2:139. 1889.—Type locality: San Gregorio, Lower Cali- 
fornia. 

Seen only at San Nicolas Bay (3711) where a small colony 
grew in a sandy wash. The plants were dense shrubs 18-30 
dm. high with readily falling, leathery or slightly fleshy, dark 
colored leaves. 


64. Ximenia pubescens Standley 


Ximenia pubescens Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20:212. 
1919.—T ype locality: Between Mixtepic and Colotepic, 
Oaxaca. 

A dense, intricate, rounded shrub 9-12 dm. high with sub- 
coriaceous glaucous leaves. A few plants were found in the 
sandy mouth of a cafion bordering on the dunes at San Nicolas 
Bay (3718). The species is known only from western Mexico 
and is characterized by its pubescence and its thick veinless 
orbicular leaf-blades. 


XXIII. ARIsTOLOCHIACE® 
65. Aristolochia brevipes var. acuminata Wats. 


Aristolochia brevipes var. acuminata Wats., Proc. Am. 
Acad. 18:148. 1883.—Aristolochia watsont Wooton & Stand- 
ley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16:117. 1913.—T ype locality: 
“New Mexico.” 

Collected in the cafions back of Las Animas (4302) and 
Agua Verde (3878) bays where its trailing stems form mats, 
3-6 dm. broad, on the soft earth at the foot of cliffs. A similar 
plant was found climbing through’ densely shaded bushes in the 
cafion back of Escondido Bay (4128). 


Vor. XII) JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1011 


XXIV. PoLyGonacEx£ 


66. Antigonon leptopus H. & A. 


Antigonon leptopus H. & A., Bot. Beech. 308, t. 69. 1840. 
—Type locahity: Tepic, Mexico. 

This very showy vine was seen at San Pedro (4302) and 
San Carlos bays on the Sonoran coast, and, excepting Catalina 
Island, at every station along the peninsular coast from Cor- 
onados Island and Loreto southward (3844, 3874, 4076). It 
is a slender, herbaceous climber which grows over rocks on 
steep slopes, or, more commonly, climbs through the trees in 
the washes and forms loose growths over their tops. The 
sepals are usually dark red but at San Pedro Bay they were 
pink. The large, loose clusters of dark-red flowers are very 
conspicuous and are most attractive when growing through 
such light colored branches as Lysiloma candida. 


67. Coccoloba goldmanii Standley 


Coccoloba goldmanii Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 
23:245. 1922—Type locality: Valley of the Rio Fuerte, 
Sinaloa. 

Common locally in a narrow cafion at San Pedro Bay 
(4308). An open shrub or small tree 18-45 dm. high. It 
grew under large fig trees, and with Sabal and Glaucothea, 
helped to form a dense almost impenetrable tangle in the cafion 
bottom. 


68. Eriogonum deflexum Torr. 


Eriogonum deflexum Torr., Bot. Ives Rep. 24. 1860.— 
Type locality: Three Point Bend, Colorado River. 

A coarse ramose form of this species was collected in a 
sandy wash at San Luis Gonzales Bay (3342), on dunes near 
the south end (4212), and on talus slopes near the north end 
(3372) of Angel de la Guarda Island. The same form was 
collected at Calamujuet by Brandegee. It grows 8-60 dm. 
high. 


1012 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF- SCIENCES (Proc. 4tH Ses. 


69. Eriogonum galioides, n. sp. 


Perennial from a taproot, mainly glabrous and finely 
glandular ; stems numerous, widely spreading, diffusely dichot- 
omously or trichotomously branched, forming a rounded open 
dome 2-6 dm. high; leaves in a basal rosette and a few at lower 
nodes, coriaceous, glabrous above, sparingly setose-hirsute 
below and on petioles, blade ovate 5-8 mm. long and 4-6 mm. 
wide, petiole 9-14 mm. long; nodes of inflorescence usually 
with three-parted bracts whose lobes are divaricate, oblong and 
more or less connate below; peduncles in the forks and ter- 
minal, 2-10 mm. long, straight; involucres 1.5-2 mm. high, 5- 
parted into ovate-oblong lobes that are widely spreading at 
maturity, 8-16- but commonly about 10-flowered ; pedicels 1-2 
mm. long; calyx about 1 mm. long, yellow, in age whitish or 
rosy and twice as long, glabrous; inner calyx segments lanceo- 
late or ovate-lanceolate, closely enveloping the fruit; outer 
sepals strongly accrescent, loose and more or less incurving, 
prolonged-cordate, the basal areas on either side of medial line 
becoming scarious and saccate-dilated ; achenes ovate-lanceolate 
in outline, the body ovate, the acumen trigonous, about 1.7 
mm. long. 

Type: No. 1282, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected April 28, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3315) in a gravelly wash on San 
Luis Island, Gulf of California. 

Seen only on San Luis Island (3315) where common along 
gravelly washes and to a less extent on hillsides also. At the 
time of collection it was the only common green flowering herb. 
The plant is perennial, forming rounded, rather open, clumps 
as much as 6 dm. high. Herbarium material of the species 
suggests the habit of certain of the suffrutescent species of 
Galium. 

The new species belongs to the subgenus Ganysma and 
seems nearest to the annuals, E. thomasu and E. thurberi. Its 
outstanding feature is the parted involucre, a development 
usually considered diagnostic of Oxytheca. Indeed the gross 
aspect of the plant does have a suggestion of Oxytheca, but 
since in most characters it fits naturally among certain of the 
Eriogonums and does not closely approach any of the known 
Oxythecas, the involucral development should be disregarded 


Vor. XII) JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1013 


while placing the species generically. It is to be noted that E. 
galioides does not possess the two other developments char- 
acteristic of Oxytheca; i.e., lenticular achenes and awn-tipped 
involucral bracts. Among the species of the subgenus Ganys- 
ma the new species is amply characterized by its perennial 
habit, parted involucres, small setose leaves, and glabrous sac- 
cate sepals. The calyx developments are remarkably like those 
in E. thomasit. 


70. Eriogonum inflatum var. deflatum, n. var. 


Eriogonum glaucum Small, Bull. Torr. Cl. 25:51. 1898.— 
Type locality: Colorado Desert, California. 

Collected at Tepoca (3301) and Los Angeles (3481) bays, 
and on Angel de la Guarda (3371), Tortuga (3611), and San 
Marcos (3648) islands. Palmer has collected the same at Los 
Angeles Bay and at Mulegé. On Tortuga Island the plant 
‘was common on lava slopes, but at the other stations it was 
confined to gravelly soil on diluvial plains. It was called 
“tivinaja’”’ by a native on San Marcos Island who considered a 
tea made from its roots as very good for the blood. The pres- 
ent variety is the geographical race present in Sonora, Lower 
California, and in the Colorado Desert of California. It dif- 
fers from the species only in its uninflated stems and is signifi- 
cant only because of its distinct range. 


71. Eriogonum orcuttianum Wats. 


Eriogonum orcuttianum Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 20:371. 
1885.—T ype locality: Cantillas Cation, Lower California. 

This attractive Eriogonum was seen only in the cafion in the 
hills south of Las Animas Bay (3502) where it was locally 
very common. It was most abundant in crevices of precipitous 
cafion sides, forming rounded masses 3 dm. high and 6 dm. 
broad, but it also occurred on the cafion floor and became 6 dm. 
high and 12 dm. broad. It is a shrub with a dense canopy of 
light-green leaves and numerous close clusters of white flowers. 
Within the dome of the foliage the plant is very dense and has 
concentric, evenly spaced zones formed by the persistent twiggy 
remnants of the flowering branches of past seasons. The 
species is known only from the type collection, from Goldman’s 


1014 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Sex. 


collection at the east base of the San Pedro Martir Mountains 
(Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16:325. 1916), from Brandegee’s 
collection at Paraiso, and from the Las Animas collection just 
described. The range is evidently the eastern part of the 
northern half of the peninsula. 


XXV. CHENOPODIACEZ 


72. Allenrolfea occidentalis (Wats.) Kuntze 


Allenrolfea occidentalis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1:546. 1891.— 
Halostachys occidentalis Wats., Bot. King Exped. 293. 1871. 
—Spirostachys occidentalis Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 9:125. 
1874.—T ype locality: About Great Salt Lake, Utah. 

A shrub of slightly alkaline soil, occurring abundantly at 
intervals in the north gulf province and southward at least to 
Carmen Island. It is decidedly woody and has a very stiff 
framework of branches 1-2 m. high. Usually growing in 
colonies and forming belts along the ocean or bordering la- 
goons. On San Luis Island (3322) it is particularly abun- 
dant, reaching 25 dm. in height and making green large areas 
near the shore. 


73. Atriplex barclayana (Benth.) Dietr. 


Atriplex barclayana Dietr., Synop. 5:537. 1852.—Obione 
barclayana Benth., Bot. Sulph. 48. 1844.—Atriplex palmeri 
Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 11:146. 1876.—Altriplex magda- 
lene Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:200. 1889.— 
Atriplex dilatata Greene, Pittonia 1:264. 1889.—Altriplex 
insularis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:80. 1890.— 
Atriplex rosei Standley, N. Am. Fl. 21:60.. 1916.—Alriplex 
sonore Standley, N. Am. Fl. 21:62. 1916.—Type locality: 
Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 

Present in varying abundance at all stations visited within 
the gulf area. It is very common and is one of the important 
floral features especially on some of the more northern islands. 
On such islands as Patos, Raza, Sal si Puedes, and Santa Inez, 
all of which are rather level and former bird rookeries, the 
species is not only dominant but is the plant which is numeri- 
cally superior in number of individuals as well. Although 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1015 


occurring in greatest profusion on soils rich in the phosphates 
from guano, the plant is not confined to them, for it is com- 
mon on the slightly saline gravels and sands on the beaches 
and in cafon mouths along the gulf shore. Frequently it 
occurs well back from the ocean, growing in gravelly washes, 
but nevertheless saline and guano soils are usually associated 
with the best development of the species. It avoids strongly 
saline ground and never grows in or on the immediate borders 
of salt marshes or lagoons. ‘The characteristic habit of the 
plant is one with decumbent stems that form a depressed 
rounded growth 5-10 dm. broad and 25-40 cm. high. The 
common habit of growth, like the other common characters of 
the species, is frequently departed from and the plant becomes 
prostrate and as much as 15 dm. broad and only 2-3 dm. 
high, or becomes stiffly branched, more or less bushy, and a 
meter high. Natives at Mulegé and San Marcos Island called 
the plant “chamiso.”’ 

The name A. barclayana is used in the same broad sense as 
that adopted by Hall and Clements in their recent monograph 
of the genus (Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. 326:313. 1923). 
A number of attempts have been made at segregating this 
species, but the segregations are all based on characters which 
are either illusionary or mere extreme variations that later 
collections have shown to grade off insensibly into other 
forms. The collected series has been studied and determined 
by Hall whose comments on them will be found in the mono- 
graph referred to. The determinations are as follows:— 
subsp. typica,—Tepoca Bay (3284), Tiburon Island (3259), 
Patos Island (3242, 3244), San Luis Island (3319, 3221), 
Isla Partida (3223, 3228, 3229), Los Angeles Bay (3429), 
Sal si Puedes Island (3525, 3526), South San Lorenzo Island 
(4191), Isla Raza (3212, 3220), and Ildefonso Island (3750, 
3751, 3752) ; subsp. sonore,—San Luis Gonzales Bay (3351), 
Angel de la Guarda Island (4234), San Esteban Island (3189, 
3190, 3191, 3192), North San Lorenzo Island (4196), Santa 
Inez Island (3651) ; subsp. palmeri,—San Luis Island (3320), 
Patos Island (3241, 3243), Isla Partida (3232), Isla Raza 
(3210, 3211, 3213, 3214), and Santa Inez Island (3653). 
The list of localities is not to be considered in its negative 


1016 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser. 


aspect, for A. barclayana was present at stations as far south 
as Ceralbo Island, but was not collected at the southern 
localties, due to the conditions of the plants at the time of the 
visit. 


74. Atriplex hymenelytra (Torr.) Wats. 


Atriplex hymenelytra Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 9:119. 1874. 
—Obione hymenelytra Torr., Pacif. R. R. Rep. 4:129, t. 20. 
1857.—T ype locality: Along the Williams River, Arizona. 

A small colony of this species was found on a west-facing 
talus slope on a cafion side in the hills back of Los Angeles 
Bay (3441). It is a dicecious shrub with strictly ascending 
branches reaching 9-12 dm. in height. The specimens are 
typical in every respect. The only other collection from 
Lower California is that of MacDougal in the Cocopah 
Mountains, a locality not far south of the international 
boundary. 


75. Atriplex linearis Wats. 


Atriplex linearis Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:72. 1889.— 
Artiplex macropoda Rose & Standley, N. Am. Fl. 21:72. 
1916.—T ype locality: Guaymas, Sonora. 

A dense, intricately branched, rounded shrub 6-15 dm. high 
growing in saline soil bordering salt-flats or lagoons. Col- 
lected only at Las Animas Bay (3490) and La Paz (3041), 
but what is probably the same was observed in alkaline soil at 
Los Angeles Bay and on South San Lorenzo Island. Called 
“chamiso” at La Paz. 


76. Atriplex polycarpa (Torr.) Wats. 


Atriplex polycarpa Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 9:117. 1874. 
—Obione polycarpa Torr., Pacif. R. R. Rep. 4:130. 1857.— 
Atriplex curvidens Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:201. 
1889.—Type locality: Gila River Valley, Arizona. 

A rather dense shrub 7-13 dm. high which grows in gravelly 
soil along washes, on dunes, or occasionally on hillsides. Col- 
lected on San Esteban (3191) and Angel de la Guarda (3368) 
islands. Shrubs seen about San Francisquito and San Luis 


Vou. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1017 


Gonzales bays are probably the same. The fruit is produced in 
great abundance and on San Esteban Island was carried away 
by ants. 


77. Chenopodium murale L. 


Chenopodium murale L., Sp. Pl. 219. 1753.—Type local-. 
ity: Europe. 

Growing as a weed about houses at La Paz and Guaymas. 
The plant is of particular interest, however, as it represents 
the only phanerogam found on Georges Island (3312). The 
plant was no doubt introduced on this isolated island by guano 
gatherers and now forms a few small colonies on talus loosened 
by blasting. Despite its out-of-way location the plant repre- 
sents the common door-yard form of the species. 


78. Salicornia europea L. 


Salicornia europea L., Sp. Pl. 3. 1753.—Salicornia 
herbacea L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 5. 1762.—Type locality: Europe. 

At Tepoca Bay, San Luis Gonzales Bay, and at the lagoon 
on Angel de la Guarda Island, there is a rather abundant erect 
annual Salicornia which probably represents the above species. 
It grows in salt marshes intermixed with S. pacifica. No 
specimens were taken. 


79. Salicornia pacifica Standley 


Salicornia pacifica Standley, N. Am. Fl. 21:83. 1916.— 
Type locality: Moss Landing, Monterey County, California. 

Widely distributed and common in the gulf area. It con- 
stitutes the common and characteristic vegetation of salt- 
marshes over which its clumps of decumbent stems form low 
even growths 2-3 dm. high. Practically out of flower and only 
a single collection made (3218). 


80. Suzda ramosissima (Standley), n. comb. 


Dondia ramosissima Standley, N. Am. Fl. 21:91. 1916.— 
Type locality: Lee’s Ferry, Arizona. 

Common and widely distributed in the gulf area. It forms 
very dense hedge-like masses of intricately branched stems, 


1018 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


and usually gets 6-20 dm. high and 9-12 dm. broad. The 
plant frequents the less saline borders of salt-marshes and is 
commonly associated with Maytenus. For the characters of 
the species see Standley’s note (Bull. Torr. Cl. 44:428. 1917). 


XXVI. AMARANTHACE 
81. Amaranthus fimbriatus (Torr.) Benth. 


Amaranthus fimbriatus Benth. in Wats., Bot. Calif. 2:42. 
1880.—Sarratia berlandieri var. fimbriata Torr., Bot. Mex. 
Bound. 179. 1859.—Type locality: Along the Gila River, 
Arizona. 

Seen only on Patos Island where common with Atriplex on 
the low guano flat. 


82. Amaranthus watsoni Standley 


Amaranthus watsoni Standley, Bull. Torr. Cl. 41:505. 1914. 
—Amaranthus torreyi var. suffruticosus Uline & Bray, Bot. 
Gaz. 19:272. 1894.—Tvype locality: Guaymas, Sonora. 

A frequent plant in the gulf area. On guano-impregnated or 
weakly saline flats this Amaranthus is the common companion 
of Atriplex barclayana. It was notably abundant on Partida 
(3225), Sal si Puedes (3527), North San Lorenzo, Santa 
Inez (3652), Ildefonso (3743), and Pelican islands. Accord- 
ing to the sailors these small and apparently barren islands are 
green during the winter, a condition probably due to the 
abundance of this Amaranthus. It was also collected at La 
Paz (3032). 


83. Celosia floribunda Gray 


Celosia floribunda Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5:167. 1861.— 
Type locality: Cape San Lucas, Lower California. 

Seen only at Escondido (3845) and Agua Verde (3906) 
bays, and on Espiritu Santo and Ceralbo (4050) islands. It 
is a shrub or small tree 15-45 dm. high growing in gravelly 
soil. Occasionally with several tufted stems, but usually with 
a simple ascending trunk 1-2 dm. thick. Cattle appear to 
relish the foliage and but few plants were found which failed 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1019 


to show evidences of browsing. The flowers are borne on 
sparsely leafy, whip-like branches which commonly lop over 
and droop due to the weight of the inflorescence. 


84. Iresine angustifolium Euphr. 


Iresine angustifolium Euphr., Beskr. St. Barthel. 165. 
1795.—T ype locality: St. Bartholomew Island, West Indies. 

Growing in rocky places in cafions on Santa Cruz, Espiritu 
Santo (3968), and Ceralbo (4065) islands, and at Escondido 
and Agua Verde (3891). bays. Stems slender, erectly 
branched from near the base, and forming bushy growths 6-10 
dm. high and 3-5 dm. broad. Not abundant at any locality. 


85. Froelichia interrupta (L.) Mog. 


Frelichia interrupta Mog. in DC., Prodr. 137 :421. 1849.— 
Gomphrena interrupta L., Sp. Pl. 224. 1753.—T ype locality: 
America. 

Abundant on the dunes near Gordas Point, Ceralbo Island 
(4029). Forming mats 3-6 dm. broad. In the specimens 
collected the leaves are obovate or oblong, densely tomentose, 
and 20-25 mm. long. Brandegee’s collections from San José 
del Cabo have less tomentose oblanceolate leaves which are 4-8 
cm. long. 


XXVII. NycTAGINACEz 
86. Abronia maritima Nutt. 


Abronia maritima Nutt. in Wats., Bot. Calif. 2:4. 1880.— 
Type locality: San Pedro, California. 

Trailing over the sand on the beaches and dunes along the 
gulf shore. Not abundant anywhere although widely dis- 
tributed. Seen at San Pedro Bay, Kino Point, Tiburon Island 
(3279), Tepoca Bay (3310), Angel de la Guarda Island 
(4243), San Francisquito Bay, San Nicolas Bay, Carmen 
Island, Catalina Island, San Diego Island, San Josef Island, 
San Francisco Island (3953), La Paz, and Ceralbo Island. 


1020 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. 


87. Allionia incarnata L. 


Allionia incarnata L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 890. 1759.— 
W edelia incarnata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2:533. 1891.—W edeliella 
incarnata Cockerell, Torreya 9:167. 1909.—Allionia mala- 
coides Benth, Bot. Sulph. 44. 1844.—Type locality: 
Venezuela. 

Collected at Tepoca (3286), San Luis Gonzales (3335), 
and San Francisquito (3561) bays, growing in well drained 
soil somewhat back from the gulf. Dried remnants of what 
were taken to be this were seen at Escondido Bay and on Angel 
de la Guarda Island. 


88. Boerhaavia caribzea Jacq. 


Boerhaavia caribea Jacq., Obs. Bot.4:5. 1771.—Boerhaavia 
sonore Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:111. 1891.—Boer- 
haavia ixodes Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13:423. 1911. 
—Type locality: West Indies. 

Collected in sandy soil at Mulegé (3670) and on the rocky 
slopes directly back of Guaymas (3091). What was taken to 
be an annual umbellate-flowered species of Boerhaavia was ob- 
served in a crisped state on Tortuga, Santa Inez, and Ildefonso 
islands where it seemed very common. 


89. Boerhaavia scandens L. 


Boerhaavia scandens L., Sp. Pl. 3. 1753.—Commicarpus 
scandens Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12:373. 1909.— 
Type locality: Jamaica. 

Infrequent in sandy soil near the shore of San Nicolas Bay 
(3719). Forming a very slender scandent shrub supported 
by the low bushes up through which it grew. Boerhaavia 
elongata Brandg. (Proc. Calif..Acad. Sci. II, 2:199. 1889) 
from San Pablo, is very near scandens and seems to be no more 
than a form of it. 


90. Mirabilis tenuiloba Wats. 


Mirabilis tenmloba Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 17:375. 1882. 
—Hesperonia tenuiloba Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 
12:363. 1909.—Hesperonia polyphylla Standley, Contr. U. S. 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1021 


Nat. Herb. 12:364. 1909.—Mirabilis tenuiloba var. polyphylla 
Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. II, 56:23. 1918.—Type locality: 
Tahquitz Cafion, San Jacinto Mts., California. 

Growing on talus slopes at Las Animas Bay (3318) and at 
Puerto Refugio on Angel de la Guarda Island (3370). A 
viscid villous shrubby plant growing 2-3 dm. high and fre- 
quently over a meter broad. 


91. Pisonia flavescens Standley 


Pisonia flavescens Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13 :389. 
1911.—Type locality: San José del Cabo, Lower California. 

Frequent in the lower part of the rocky cafion in the Sierra 
Giganta directly back of Escondido Bay (4134). It is an 
erectly branched tree 45-90 dm. high, with an open crown of 
slender horizontal ultimate branches. All the plants seen were 
conspicuously spurred but were lacking in spines. 


XXVIII. BatmacEz 
92. Batis maritima L. 


Batis maritima L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1289. 1759.—T ype 
locality: Not given. : 

Found only on Angel de la Guarda Island, Isla Raza (3217), 
Carmen Island, Escondido Bay, San Josef Island, San Evaristo 
Bay, Espiritu Santo Island, and La Paz (3046). It forms 
dense mats on the tide flats along with Salicornia and Mona- 
thochloe. 


XXIX. PHyYTOLACCACEZ 
93. Phaulothamnus spinescens Gray 


Phaulothamnus spinescens Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20:293. 
1884.—T ype locality: Northwest Sonora, probably along the 
Asuncion River. 

Seen only on an islet in Guaymas Harbor (3083), and ina 
wash at San Pedro Bay (4329). A homely spinescent 
Lycioid shrub 9-18 dm. high. The fruit is drupaceous and 
whitish in color. 


1022 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES  [Proc. 47H Ser. 


94. Stegnosperma halimifolia Benth. 


Stegnosperma halimifolia Benth., Bot. Sulph. 17, t. 12. 
1844.—T ype locality: Cape San Lucas, Lower California. 

Widely distributed over the gulf area but not abundant. It 
was seen at San Pedro, Tepoca (3298), San Luis Gonzales, 
Los Angeles (3488), Las Animas (3512), San Francisquito, 
Mulegé, Coyote, San Nicolas, Loreto, Escondido, Agua Verde, 
San Evaristo, and La Paz bays; and on Tiburon, Angel de la 
Guarda (3354),San Esteban (3166),South San Lorenzo, Tor- 
tuga (3593), Coronados, Carmen (3825), Danzante, Monser- 
rate, Santa Cruz, San Diego, San Josef, Espiritu Santo, and 
Ceralbo islands. A rather decorative plant with pallid, slightly 
succulent leaves. It is a self-supporting or semiscandent shrub 
which commonly grows in gravelly or sandy washes attaining 
a height between 15 and 25 dm. The fruiting plant is very 
attractive having elongated spreading or drooping racemes of 
reddish globose capsules which split stellately at maturity and 
expose the red aril and later the shiny black seeds. The 
flowers are pure white. 


XXX. AIZOACEH 
95. Sesuvium sessile Pers. 


Sesuvium sessile Pers., Synop. 2:39. 1807.—T ype locality: 
Not given. 

Collected only on Isla Raza (3216), but frequent about 
lagoons and salt-marshes in all parts of the gulf. 


96. Trianthema portulacastrum L. 


Trianthema portulacastrum L., Sp. Pl. 223. 1753.—Trian- 
thema monogyna L., Mant. 1:69. 1767.—Type locality: 
Jamaica. 

Common on Patos Island growing on the guano flats with 
Atriplex. At Puerto Ballandra on Carmen Island (3816) it is 
common about a salt-marsh forming mats 15-25 cm. broad. 


Vor. XIT) JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1023 


XXXI. PorTuLAcACcEx 
97. Portulaca pilosa L. 


Portulaca pilosa L., Sp. Pl. 445. 1753.—Type locality: 
Central America. 

Infrequent in slightly saline sandy soil in the gulf area. It 
was notably common on the mesa-like summit of Ildefonso 
Island (3749). Elsewhere it was collected only at La Paz 
(3033, 3057, 3064). 


XXXII. CARYOPHYLLACEE 
98. Achyronychia cooperi T. & G. 


Achyronychia cooperi T. & G., Proc. Am. Acad. 7:331. 
1867.—T ype locality: Camp Cady, California. 

A small colony of this species was found on a silty flat near 
the south end of Angel de la Guarda Island (4207). On the 
peninsula, Purpus has taken it at Calmalli, and Brandegee on 
Magdalena Island. 


99. Drymaria arenarioides Willd. 


Drymaria arenarioides Willd. in R. & S., Syst. 5:406. 1819. 
—Drymaria frankenioides H.B.K., Nov. Gen.et Sp. 6:21, t. 
515. 1823.—Type locality: Pachuca, Hidalgo. 

Referred here is a single plant collected from a soil-filled 
crevice on one of the mesa-like ridge-crests of Espiritu Santo 
Island (3972). It is half as tall, more dense, has shorter 
leaves and smaller flowers than the peninsular plants referred 
to this species. The island plant seems to be undescribed. 
The Pacific Coast material of D. arenarioides has linear leaves 
the width of which is half that of the linear-lanceolate leaves 
of material of eastern Mexico, and it too seems without a name. 


100. Drymaria holosteoides Benth. 


Drymaria holosteoides Benth., Bot. Sulph. 16. 1844.— 
Drymaria veatchit Curran, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 1:227. 
1888.—Drymaria pachyphylla Wooton & Standley, Contr. U.S. 
Nat. Herb. 16:121. 1913.—Type locality: Given as Cape San 


1024 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47TH Ser. 


Lucas, but probably from Magdalena Bay (Brandegee, Proc. 
Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 3:219. 1892). 

Collected on Tiburon (4263) and San Francisco (3949) 
islands; and at San Luis Gonzales Bay (3329), Mulegé 
(3690), Coyote Bay (4178), and La Paz (3048). The plant 
is annual with widely ascending branches and seems to frequent 
sandy places, especially those with a trace of salinity. 
Drymaria crassifolium (cf. Brandegee, Zoe 2:68. 1891) isa 
very closely related form known only from San José del Cabo, 
and with little more than its perennial habit to distinguish it. 


XXXII. CrERATOPHYLLACEZ 
101. Ceratophyllum demersum L. 


Ceratophyllum demersum L., Sp. Pl. 992. 1753.—Type 
locahty: Europe. 


Very common and freely fruiting at Mulegé (3688). 


XXXIV. PAPAVERACEE 


102. Argemone mexicana L. 


Argemone mexicana L. Sp. Pl. 508. 1753.—Type locality: 
Mexico. 

An infrequent plant on the gravelly plain back of La Paz 
(3053). The sap and flowers are yellow. 


103. Argemone platyceras var. gracilenta (Greene) Fedde 


Argemone platyceras var. gracilenta Fedde, Pflanzenr. 
47% :285. 1909.—Argemone gracilenta Greene, Pittonia 3:346. 
1898.—T ype locality: Mulegé, Lower California. 

Collected on the beach on Catalina Island (4104), and on the 
silty river bottom at Mulegé (3665). The plant is rather strict 
in growth, attaining a height of 9-18 dm. The sap is colorless. 
This variety is only a small-flowered slender form of A. 
platyceras. Prain (Jour. Bot. 33:364. 1895) refers isotypes of 
Greene’s species to A. intermedia subsp. parviflora. 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1025 


104. Argemone platyceras var. hispida (Gray) Prain 


Argemone platyceras var. hispida Prain, Jour. Bot. 33:367. 
1895.—Argemone hispida Gray, Pl. Fendler. 5. 1845.—Type 
locality: About Santa Fe, New Mexico. 

To this species is doubtfully to be referred a very peculiar 
collection made at the lagoon on Angel de la Guarda Island 
(3398). The specimens came from a small colony growing on 
an outcrop at the edge of an elevated mesa somewhat back 
from the shore. The plant had a woody caudex 3-6 dm. 
high upon which were borne the ascending simple stems of the 
year, these about 6 dm. long. Fruit, but no flowers, was 
found. The leaves are glaucous, aculeate, with shallow teeth, 
and are oblong in shape and narrowed towards the base. The 
shrubby character of the plant is very peculiar, but due to the 
lack of flowers, the plant is not named here. 


XXXV. CRUCIFERE 
105. Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt. 


Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt., in T. & G., Fl. N. Am. 1:115. 
1838.—T ype locality: Santa Barbara, California. 
Occasional in the cultivated fields at Mulegé (3700). 


106. Sibara palmeri (Wats.) Greene 


Sibara palmert Greene, Pittonia 3:12. 1896.—Cardamine 
palmeri Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:38. 1889.—T ype locality: 
Mulegé, Lower California. 

What is taken to be a form of this species was collected from 
the shelter of a bank in a sandy wash at San Nicolas Bay - 
(3704). The plants agree with some collected by Brandegee 
at Magdalena Island in having the leaves more or less deeply 
lobed with coarse segments. The type has coarsely toothed 
leaves. 


1026 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


XXXVI CaAppPARIDACEE 
107. Atamisquzea emarginata Miers 


Atamisquea emarginata Miers in Hook., Bot. Miscl. 3:143. 
1833.—T ype locality: Chile. 

Observed on San Esteban (3176), Tiburon (3278, 4244), 
Angel de la Guarda, Tortuga (3596), Coronados, Carmen, 
Danzante, Monserrate, San Josef (3937, 3942), San Francisco, 
and Espiritu Santo islands; and at San Carlos Bay, San Pedro 
Bay, Kino Point (4287), Tepoca Bay, Las Animas Bay 
(3511), San Francisquito Bay, Mulegé, Guadalupe Point, San 
Nicolas Bay (3706), Loreto, Escondido Bay, San Evaristo 
Bay, and La Paz. It is a compact, upright, light-green shrub 
15-30 dm. high characteristic of sandy or gravelly soil. 
Occasionally, however, it occurs on hillsides, as for example, on 
Tortuga Island. It is twiggy with rigid divaricate branches 
which are very brittle and become much broken in pressing. 
The flowers, which are produced in great abundance, have 
white or creamy petals and are quite fragrant. The bush is 
interesting and seems to have no bad qualities save its brittle- 
ness. The author’s observations do not agree with those of 
Brandegee, who wrote that it is an illsmelling and disagreeable 
plant. Brandegee (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:128. 1889) 
has pointed out a number of supposed differences between the 
North and South American forms referred to this species, but 
a careful comparison of material from the Argentine and 
Lower California revealed the forms indistinguishable. 


108. Forchammeria watsoni Rose 


Forchammeria watsoni Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:302, 
t. 24-25. 1895.—T ype locality: Guaymas, Sonora. 

This interesting tree was seen at Guaymas (3119), San 
Carlos Bay (4352), San Pedro Bay (4317), Guadalupe Point 
in Concepcion Bay (4149, 4405), Escondido Bay, Agua Verde 
Bay (3872, 3905), San Josef Island (4086), Espiritu Santo 
Island (3995), and Ceralbo Island (4056). In the Brandegee 
herbarium there are specimens from San José del Cabo and 
Purisima. At no place was the tree found to be common over 
large areas. It usually grows scattered, or as at Guadalupe 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1027 


Point and Agua Verde Bay, forms small local groves. Most 
of the plants seen occurred on gravelly plains, but those on 
Espiritu Santo and Ceralbo islands grew on rocky hillsides 
while the plants at Escondido Bay grew at 450 m. altitude on 
a cafion side in the Sierra Giganta. 

A tree commonly 30-45 dm. high but frequently attaining 9 
m. in height. The trunk averages about 15 dm. high and 
15-30 cm. thick, though at times becoming 3 m. high and 30-65 
em. thick. The crown is large and spreading, and formed of 
heavy branches. The bark is thin, tight, and though appearing 
smoothish at a short distance, is finally rugose, being covered 
with numerous crowded tiny plates; it is dark in color with an 
ashy cast. The bark must be very slow-growing, as some 
initials dated 1893 were so plain that they appeared as if 
carved the year previous to our visit. The trees are dicecious 
with an apparent preponderance of staminate plants. The 
male aments are produced in tremendous quantities, the ground 
under the trees being deeply covered with them. The wood 
is said to be practically useless which must be so, for wood- 
cutters were seen working among these trees without molesting 
them. The fruit is more or less pear-shaped and is reddish 
plum-colored when ripe. The pulp is sweetish and has a 
peculiar but not a disagreeable flavor. The fruit is structurally 
two-celled with one cell regularly aborted and represented in 
the mature fruit by a flattened elongated cavity just under the 
old stigma. Neither the fruit nor the tree has any suggestion 
of other Capparidacez, and the inclusion of the genus in that 
family is far from satisfactory. At Agua Verde Bay some 
boys called the tree “Palo San Juan.” The younger trees bear 
leaves that are conspicuously narrower than those on the old 
trees. 


109. Wislizenia refracta Engelm. 


Wislizenia refracta Engelm. in Wisliz., Mem. No. Mex. 99. 
1848.—Wislizenia scabrida Eastw., Bull. Torr. Cl. 30:490. 
1903.—W islizenia melilotoides Greene, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 
19:130. 1906.—Wislizenia californica Greene, Proc. Biol. Soc. 
Wash. 19:130. 1906.—Wislizenia divaricata Greene, Proc. 
Biol. Soc. Wash. 19:130. 1906.—Wislizenia pacalis Greene 


1028 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc, 4TH Ser. 


Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 19:131. 1906.—Wislizenia costellata 
Rose, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 19:132. 1906.—Type locality: 
Near El Paso, Texas. 

A bushy herbaceous plant about 9 dm. high, common on the 
sands along the shore at La Paz (3044). Several small boys 
called it “Rama Maria.” It has been frequently collected at 
La Paz, a collection by Palmer being the type of W. pacalis. 
While all the segregates, the types of which have been seen, 
are not exactly like typical W. refracta, the differences which 
characterize them are so trivial or are so blurred by inter- 
mediates that segregation seems unwise. The most pro- 
nounced of the variants is that named W. melilotoides. In its 
extreme it is characterized by smooth etuberculate carpels and 
deserves to be called Wislizenia refracta yar. melilotoides, n. 
comb. It should be noted that in Toumey’s Tuscon collection, 
the original of W. scabrida, the old fruits are tuberculate and 
rugose, whereas the maturing fruit is mainly smooth and 
etuberculate. 


110. Wislizenia refracta var. palmeri (Gray), n. comb. 


Wislizenia palmeri Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8:622. 1873.— 
Wislizenia fruticosa Greene, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 19:131. 
1906.—Wislizenia mamillata Rose, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 
19:132. 1906.—T ype locality: On the lower Colorado River. 

Common on the dunes at the head of San Luis Gonzales Bay 
and at Las Animas Bay (3501). A somewhat shrubby plant 
with loosely tufted stems 7-11 dm. high. This plant is a good 
variety of refracta but scarcely more. There is a tendency for 
the leaves to be unifoliate, but they commonly are one, two, 
and three foliate all on one and the same branch. ‘There is 
also considerable variation within a single collection as to the 
frequency of the several leaflet numbers. In the Brandegee 
specimen of Palmer 74 from Guaymas, isotype of W. mamul- 
lata, the leaves are predominately trifoliate and similar to those 
in the type of W. refracta. In foliage there is no break be- 
tween the completely trifoliate condition present in the type of 
W. refracta and the unifoliate condition in the type of W. 
palmeri. Correlated with the tendency to unifoliate leaves is 
the tendency to mammillate-tuberculate crests on the carpels. 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1029 


In their extreme the high tubercules are very characteristic, 
but like the leaflets they grade off into developments indis- 
tinguishable from those of W. refracta. Greene’s W. fruticosa 
was collected at Calamajuet by Brandegee, but although the 
base does seem somewhat woody, Mr. Brandegee insists that 
it was annual like the other forms of the species. Collections 
of the variety palmeri, however, seem slightly more shrubby 
than the common plants north of the international boundary. 


XXXVII. CRASSULACEE 
111. Dudleya albiflora Rose 


Dudleya albifiora Rose, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3:13. 1903. 
—Cotyledon albiflorum Fedde in Just, Jahresb. 31*:826. 1904. 
—Type locality: Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 

Locally common on a sheltered basalt cliff in a narrow 
cafion near the Isthmus on Espiritu Santo Island (3986). 
The plants were found in a resting condition and only living 
material was taken, this all sent to Dr. Rose with whom it 
flowered and by whom it was determined. Previously known 
only from about Magdalena Bay. 


XXXVIII. KRAMERIACEX 


112. Krameria canescens Gray 


Krameria canescens Gray, Pl. Wright. 1:42. 1852.— 
Krameria grayt Rose & Painter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 
10:108. 1906.—Type locality: Prairies near the Pecos River, 
Texas. 

To this species are referred specimens from San Nicolas 
Bay (3710), San Marcos Island (3638), Las Animas Bay 
(3497), and Los Angeles Bay (3451). Also of this species 
are Palmer 252 from Santa Agueda, and Purpus 186 from 
near Calmalli. The plant grows in sandy or gravelly soil form- 
ing a flattened, very intricate shrub 5-10 dm. high and 10-18 
dm. broad. On San Marcos Island it was called “mesquitilla” 
and said to be used in dyeing ; information similar to that given 
to Palmer (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:81. 1890) at Santa 
Agueda. 


1030 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


113. Krameria canescens var. paucifolia Rose 


Krameria canescens var. paucifolia Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. 
Herb. 1:66. 1890.—Krameria paucifolia Rose, Contr. U. S. 
Nat. Herb. 10:108. 1906.—T ype locality: La Paz, Lower 
California. 

Collected at La Paz (4011), San Evaristo Bay (4095), and 
San Pedro Bay (4303). The habits are the same as in the 
species. The variety is not clean cut, but may well be retained 
for the southern form of canescens in which the leaves are 
small, remote, non-canescent, and oily-glandular. It occurs 
over the southern quarter of the peninsula and on the mainland 
from the region of Guaymas southward. 


XXXIX. LEGUMINOSZ& 
114. Acacia californica Brandg. 


Acacia californica Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 3:221. 
1892.—T ype locality: La Palma, Lower California. 

Frequent along washes at San Pedro Bay (4333) forming 
upright unarmed trees or large shrubs 18-45 dm. high. The 
plant flowers profusely as the leaves unfold. 


115. Acacia cymbispina Sprague & Riley 


Acacia cymbispina Sprague & Riley, Kew Bull. 1923 :394. 
1923.—T ype locality: (Guaymas, Sonora. 

Common on the rocky hillsides about Guaymas (3094) 
where it forms an open, loosely branched shrub 15-20 dm. high. 


116. Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. 


Acacia farnesiana Willd., Sp. Pl. 4:1083. 1806.—Mimosa 
farnesiana L. Sp. Pl. 521. 1753.—Vachellia farnesiana Wigh. 
& Arn., Prodr. 272. 1834.—Type locality: Santo Domingo. 

Collected at Guaymas (3105), San Carlos Bay (4368), and 
at Loreto (3775). At the first two localities it was natural- 
ized, but at Loreto it grew only in fence corners about town 
and was known as “‘huizache.” It is an open loosely spreading 
thorny shrub 15-20 dm. high. 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1031 


117. Acacia filicioides (Cav.) Trel. 


Acacia filicioides Trel., Rep. Ark. Geol. Surv. 4:178. 1891. 
—-Mimosa filicioides Cav., Icones 1:55, t. 78. 1791.—Acacia 
filicina Willd., Sp. P1.4:1072. 1806.—T ype locality: Mexico. 

A loosely branched weak shrub 18-27 dm. high which grows 
in gravelly washes. A few plants were found on Ceralbo 
Island (4064) and a single one in a cafion back of Escondido 
Bay (4130). 


118. Acacia greggii Gray 


Acacia greggii Gray, Pl. Wright. 1:65. 1852.—T ype local- 
ity: Valley west of Patos, Chihuahua. 

Seen only on Tiburon (4254, 4278) and Angel de la Guarda 
(3419) islands where it grows along gravelly cafon floors. 
It is a very thorny shrub 15-20 dm. high and usually has a clear 
trunk about 1 m. long and 2-8 cm. thick. The trunk is seldom 
erect, it being usually bent over and the bushy crown, which is 
15-20 dm. wide, supported by other shrubs. The peninsular 
specimens, notably Palmer 534 from Los Angeles Bay, show a 
tendency towards pedicellate flowers and, due to this fact, have 
been identified as A. wrightit. 


119. Acacia sonorensis Rose 


Acacia sonorensis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8:31. 1903. 
—Type locality: Near Guaymas, Sonora. 

Referred here is a collection made in a cafion back of Agua 
Verde Bay (3881). The plant has many widely spreading 
stems and forms thicket-like growths along the gravelly cafion 
floor. The determination must remain doubtful as the descrip- 
tion of A. sonorensis is so brief as to be ambiguous, and as 
the type has been either lost or misplaced. The Agua Verde 
collection (similar to the peninsular material identified as A. 
amentacea) differs from the description of A. sonorensis in 
having more numerous (4-6 not 2-3 pairs) and smaller (3-6 
not 6-12 mm. long) leaflets, and pubescent (not glabrate) 
legumes. It may be that A. sonorensis is the mainland form 
of A. californica although the spike is described short for that 
latter species. The peninsular plant, which may be unde- 


1032 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


scribed, is closely related to A. amentacea but differs in its more 
numerous smaller greener pubescent leaflets, and larger darker 
pubescent fruits. 


120. Acacia willardiana Rose 


Acacia willardiana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:88. 
1890.—Prosopis heterophylla Benth., London Jour. Bot. 5:82. 
1846.—T ype locality: “Sonora alta in Mexico.” 

A slender, open, very graceful tree 25-90 dm. high, which is 
common on the rocky hillsides along the Sonoran coast from 
Willard Point on Tiburon Island (4252) southward to the 
islands in Guaymas Harbor (3081). The plant was collected 
on San Pedro Nolasco Island (3125) where it is abundant 
over the upper slopes, at the south end of Tiburon Island 
(4271), and at San Pedro (4334) and San Carlos (4376) 
bays. Brandegee has a collection from the inland locality of 
Hermosillo. Standley (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23:376. 
1922) reports the species from Lower California, but it was 
not, seen there by Mr. Brandegee or the author, nor has its 
occurrence there been elsewhere recorded in the literature; 
furthermore, there are no peninsular collections of it in the 
Brandegee, Gray or National herbaria. 

The tree is typical of rocky slopes and is a particularly 
notable feature of the skyline in the region of its occurrence. 
Its branches are few and strict, but above it is very loosely 
branched into slender drooping twigs. The trunk becomes 2 
dm. thick and like the branches has a smooth tight, white, 
somewhat glaucous, bark which annually exfoliates in thin 
papery pieces. The clean white stems, and the airy open crown 
with its drooping twigs and pendent phylloidal petioles unite 
to give the tree a supple grace that is very attractive. The 
tree is worthy of adoption as an ornamental. 


Acacia sp. 


A globose shrub 12-25 dm. high, frequent in gravelly soil 
near the ocean at Candeleros Bay on Espiritu Santo Island 
(4073). It isa stiff, rough, reddish stemmed plant with many 
stout, straight, pallid thorns and fine bipinnate leaves. The 
flowers are yellow or rarely pink, and are in globose heads. 


Vor. XIT] ‘JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1033 


The fruit necessary for positive determination is lacking. The 
relationships of the plant seem to be with A. constricta Benth. 
It differs from that species in its coarse, rough, reddish bark, 
and in its stout, short, unbracted peduncles. It probably is the 
same as the unexamined Bryant plant reported by Brandegee 
(Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 3:221. 1892). The island plant is 
probably an unnamed form. 


121. Desmanthus fruticosus Rose 


Desmanthus fruticosus Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:131, 
t. 13. 1892.—Acuan fruticosum Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. 
Herb. 23:366. 1922.—T ype locality: Carmen Island. 

Frequent in gravelly washes in the gulf area. It is a weak 
shrub with few erect branches. Its common height is between 
10 and 25 dm., but occasionally it becomes 35 dm. high; usually 
with a clear trunk 6-9 dm. high and 15-25 mm. thick. Col- 
lected on Tiburon (4260), Angel de la Guarda (3422), and 
San Esteban (3196) islands; also at Las Animas (3519), San 
Nicolas (3724), and Coyote (4169) bays. 


122. Lysiloma candida Brandg. 


Lysiloma candida Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:153. 
1889.—T ype locality: Purisima, Lower California. 

A very common and characteristic tree about most of the 
stations from San Marcos Island (3613) and Mulegé (3680) 
southward (3459, 3785, 3827, 3880, 4042, 4057). It was not 
seen on Santa Inez, Ildefonso, Catalina, and San Francisco 
islands. Indistinguishable plants occur in abundance at San 
Pedro Bay in Sonora (4294). There is no tree more charac- 
teristic of the southern half of the peninsula. It usually occurs 
in abundance and forms open groves on the cafion floors and 
washes, and to a less extent also on the rocky hillsides. It isa 
clean, white-barked, erect-growing tree commonly 3-6 m. high. 
Though usually small it does become quite large, some trees 
growing 9-12 m. high and having a clear trunk 10-15 dm. high 
and 6-9 dm. thick. In very old trees the bark ceases to be 
smooth and chalky, and becomes dark with thick flakes. The 
plant is widely known as “‘palo blanco” and its bark is gathered 


1034 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


and sold by the natives for tanning purposes. To a more or 
less extent all localities show the depredations of bark-hunters, 
but in some of the more readily accessible localities they have 
cut the trees even on the steep rocky slopes. Despite the 
rapacity of bark-hunters the species is in no danger of exter- 
mination, as it sprouts readily and produces abundant seeds. 
The decorticated wood is used for fuel in some localities, but 
usually it is strewn over the cafion floor and left to decay. 


123. Lysiloma microphylla Benth. 


Lysiloma microphylla Benth., London Jour. Bot. 3:83. 1844. 
—T ype locality: Between Mexico City and Zacatecas. 

A dark-barked tree 25-45 dm. high, which is common in the 
gravelly washes about San Pedro Bay (4313, 4330). Stand- 
ley (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23:390. 1922) considers L. 
divaricata (Jacq.) Benth. identical with the glabrous forms 
previously referred to L. microphylla. If this is correct then 
the latter must be submerged in the former, as there seem to 
be all gradations between the glabrous condition and the 
sparsely puberulent one. The extremes in pubescence do not 
seem worthy of even minor denominations. As Jacquin’s 
plant is said to have come from the West Indies, and as his 
plate (Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: t. 395. 1798) shows a plant 
twice as robust as any Mexican specimen, Bentham’s name is 
here accepted. Regarding L. divaricata see the note by Riley 
(Kew Bull. 1923:396. 1923). 


124. Pithecollobium confine Standley 


Pithecollobium confine Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 
20:191. 1919.—T ype locality: Cape San Lucas, Lower Cali- 
fornia. 

Observed at Los Angeles Bay (3442, 3440), Las Animas 
Bay (3498), San Francisquito Bay (3565), San Nicolas Bay, 
Monserrate Island, Catalina Island, Santa Cruz Island (3917), 
San Diego Island, Espiritu Santo Island, and Ceralbo Island. 
Brandegee has collections from San José del Cabo, Todos 
Santos, and San Gregorio. The plant forms a coarse, rigid, 
tough, thorny shrub 9-30 dm. high. It may be loose and 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1035 


irregularly branched to form a rounded mass, or may, as usual 
on the islands, form a low, compact, very flat-topped growth. 
The pods vary considerably in size and weight, even in a single 
locality. 

In the past this species has been mainly referred to P. flexi- 
caule, a closely related but quite distinct species of eastern 
Mexico. Macbride (Contr. Gray Herb. I, 59:2. 1919) has 
referred P. flexicaule to the genus Samanea, a step which, if 
proper, would necessitate a similar treatment of P. confine. 
Macbride, however, overlooked the fact that, if P. flexicaule 
and P. saman are congeneric, then Small’s genus Siderocarpos 
(Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2:91. 1901) would have priority over 
Merrill’s Samanea (Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 6:46. 1916). 
The type species of Siderocarpos is P. flexicaule. 


125. Pithecollobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. 


Pithecollobium dulce Benth., London Jour. Bot. 3:199. 1844. 
—Mimosa dulcis Roxb. Corom. Pl. 1: t. 99. 1795.—T ype 
locality: Described from trees cultivated in India but native 
of Mexico. 

Collected in a semi-wild condition at Agua Verde Bay 
(3903) and Mulegé (3664), and seen in cultivation at La Paz, 
Loreto, Los Angeles Bay (3433), and Guaymas. 


126. Pithecollobium sonore Wats. 


Pithecollobium sonore Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24 :-49, 1889. 
—T ype locality: Guaymas, Sonora. 

A thorny, erect-growing shrub 15-28 dm. high which is 
frequent about shallow draws on the slopes about Guaymas 
(3082, 3110). It isa very disagreeable plant to deal with when 
occurring in abundance. 


127. Prosopis chilensis (Molina) Stuntz 


Prosopis chilensis Stuntz, U. S. Bur. Pl. Indust., Invent. 
31:85. 1914—Ceratonia chilensis Molina, Sagg. Chile 172. 
1782.—Prosopis juliflora DC., Prodr. 2:447. 1825.—Muimosa 
juliflora Swartz. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 85. 1788.—Prosopis 
glandulosa Torr., Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2:192. 1828.—Prosopis 


; 1036 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


odorata Torr. & Frem. in Frem. 2nd Rep. 313, t. 1. 1845.— 
Prosopis articulata Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:48. 1889.— 
Type locality: Chile. 

Frequent in gravelly soil throughout the gulf area (3107, 
3434, 3458, 3708, 3784, 3788, 4087, 4137, 4259, 4269). An 
arborescent tree or large shrub which is usually 3-5 m. high, 
but which not infrequently becomes 6-9 m. in height. It was 
particularly abundant about Escondido Bay and on the plains 
at the south end of Tiburon Island where it formed groves 
which, in places, excluded all other trees. The peninsular 
material has leaflets which average half the size of those in the 
material from Sonora and the northern gulf islands. The 
small-leaved form also occurs about Guaymas, for the type of 
P. articulata is such a plant. Called “mesquite” at Loreto 
where the young branches were used for fodder. 


128. Czsalpinia gracilis Benth. 


Cesalpinia gracilis Benth. in Hemsley, Diag. Pl. Nov. 9. 
1878.—T ype locality: “Sonora alta.” 

Found only at San Carlos Bay (4356) where it grew on a 
gravelly cafion floor forming an open shrub 12-18 dm. high. 
The flower is bright yellow and is quite odd because of the 
large, keel-like, coarsely fimbriate, brownish, lower sepal. The 
plant flowers as the leaves unfold. 


129. Czsalpinia palmeri Wats. 


Cesalpinia palmeri Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:47. 1889.— 
Poinciana palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13 :303. 1911. 
—Type locality: Guaymas, Sonora. 

A loose, slender-stemmed shrub 12-15 dm. high which was 
collected on a stony flat at Guaymas (3104), and in a wash at 
San Carlos Bay (4354). 


130. Czsalpinia pannosa Brandg. 


Cesalpinia pannosa Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 
2:150. 1889.—Poinciana pannosa Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. 
Herb. 13:303. 1911.—Cesalpinia mexicana var. californica 
Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5:157. 1862.—Poinciana californica 


Vor. X11} JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1037 


Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13:303. 1911.—Type locality: 
San Jorge, Lower California. 

Seen only at La Paz (3039) and Loreto (3774). At the 
former station it grew on the bluffs facing the sea and at the 
latter on a sandy plain where, due to the ravages of cattle, it 
grew successfully only amongst thorn-thickets or unpalatable 
shrubs. It is a loose shrub 10-15 dm. high. A very close 
relative of the Sonoran C. palmeri and perhaps not distinct 
from it. 


131. Cassia confinis Greene 


Cassia confinis Greene, Pittonia 3:225. 1897.—T ype local- 
ity: Los Angeles Bay, Lower California. 

Although collected only at San Francisquito Bay (3573) 
and on Espiritu Santo Island (3992), the plant was observed 
on Angel dela Guarda, Tortuga, Carmen, and Ceralbo islands, 
and at Las Animas Bay, Santa Rosalia, Guadalupe Point, San 
Evaristo Bay, and La Paz. It is a very villous, suffrutescent 
plant with few coarse rigid ascending stems. Growing scat- 
tered over gravelly washes and commonly becoming 4-6 dm. 
high. 


132. Cassia crotalarioides Kunth 


Cassia crotalarioides Kunth, Mimos. 132, t. 40. 1823.— 
Cassia covesti Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7:399. 1868.—Type 
locality: Near the city of Guanajuato, Mexico. 

Seen only at Guaymas (3102, 4408) where a small colony 
was found in packed soil at the foot of the hills back of town. 


133. Cercidium microphyllum (Torr.) Rose & Johnston 


Cercidium microphyllum Rose & Johnston, Contr. Gray 
Herb. II, 70:66. 1924.—Parkinsonia microphylla Torr., Bot. 
Mex. Bound. 59. 1859.—T ype locality: Near Fort Yuma, 
Arizona. 

Specimens were taken at Guaymas (3084), San Luis Gon- 
zales Bay (3348), Angel de la Guarda Island (3379), Tor- 
tuga Island (4409), Coyote Bay (4172), and near Loreto 
(3787). Leafless and sterile palo verdes were seen at most 


1038 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


of the stations in the gulf area, but while in the field the several 
species of Cercidium were so confused that trustworthy field 
determinations are lacking. It seems probable, however, that 
the palo verde seen on the peninsula north of Loreto was C. 
microphyllum. It also seems likely that much of what Gold- 
man (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb 16:335. 1916) refers to C. 
torreyanum. is in fact C. microphyllum, for it is highly improba- 
ble that he could have completely missed so common a tree as 
is the latter. It is a spreading tree 25-55 dm. high which com- 
monly grows in gravelly soil but which is occasional also on 
warm hillsides. The petals are all pale yellow with the excep- 
tion of the standard, which is white. At Loreto it was called 
“palo de pau” and the stems used for forage. 


134. Cercidium molle, n. sp. 


Tree 6 m. high and nearly as broad; young branches slender, 
drooping, unarmed, canescent with a fine rather dense strigose 
pubescence; leaves remote, 1 or 2 in an axil, with fine sparse 
pubescence; petiole 1-8 mm. long; pinnz one pair, with 4-6 
pairs of leaflets; rachis 12-40 mm. long; leaflets oblong, base 
narrowed and oblique, apex truncate, 6-10 mm. long, 2.5-4.5 
mm. broad; petiolule about 0.5 mm. long; inflorescence a 3-7- 
flowered raceme, branches with a fine spreading pubescence; 
sepals yellowish, pubescent, lobes linear-oblong, 7-8 mm. long; 
petals lemon-yellow, lower one 13 mm. long with a deltoid- 
ovate blade 7 mm. long and a claw 6 mm. long, four upper 
ones 10 mm. long with ovate-rhomboid blades 8 mm. long; 
filaments 1 cm. long, villous near the base; anthers burnt- 
orange in color; ovary very densely strigose except on upper 
edge; legume 4-9 cm. long, 6-8 mm. wide, much flattened, 1-4 
seeded, margin strongly undulate. 

Type: No. 1283, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected May 26, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3877) from a solitary tree in a 
wash at Agua Verde Bay, Lower California. 

An exceptionally well-marked, new Cercidium, characterized 
by its slender drooping unarmed twigs, large multijugate 
pinne, and long, compressed, strongly undulate legumes. It 
appears to have no close relatives. The new species is a tree 
with a spreading crown which, due to its slender drooping 


Vou. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1039 


branches, has much of the general aspect of Parkinsonia 
aculeata. Only a single specimen of this tree was seen, that 
growing on the gravelly floor of a large cafion which runs 
southward from Agua Verde Bay (3877). 


135. Cercidium peninsulare Rose 


Cercidium peninsulare Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8:301. 
1905.—T ype locality: La Paz, Lower California. 

Collected only at La Paz (3038) and on Carmen Island 
(3802), but it is probably the common palo verde which was 
seen at most of the stations south of Carmen Island. Goldman 
(Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16:336. 1916) has interesting data 
on this species. It seems to be an endemic peninsular form 
nearest to C. floridum of the southwestern United States from 
which it differs in its pubescent and duller colored twigs. 


136. Cercidium precox (R. & P.) Harms 


Cercidium precox Harms, Engler’s Jahrb. 42:91. 1908.— 
Sappania precox R. & P., Fl. Peruv. t. 376, ined—Cesalpinia 
precox H.& A.,Bot. Miscl.3:208. 1833.—Cercidium spinosum 
Tul., Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 4:134. 1845.—Rhetino- 
phleum viride Karst., Fl. Columb. 2:25, t. 113. 1862-69.— 
Cercidium viride Karst., in Engler, Jahrb. 8:346. 1887.— 
Cercidium plurifoliolatum Micheli, Mem. Soc. Phys. Nat. Hist. 
Geneve 34:269, t. 18. 1903—Cercidium goldmani Rose, 
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8:301. 1905.—Cercidium unijuga 
Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8:301. 1905.—T ype locality: 
Peru. 

Collected on an islet in Guaymas Harbor (3078), on Tor- 
tuga Island (3592), and on the exact summit of Ildefonso 
Island (3753). Some sprawling leafless palo verdes seen at 
Marquer Bay on Carmen Island are probably the same. Rose 
(14466) has a collection from San José del Cabo, the only 
known peninsular collection. 

The plant is infrequent but often locally abundant on Tor- 
tuga Island. There although the plant has an erect trunk 3-9 
dm. high, its branches do not grow erect, but instead spread 
out horizontally or recline and thereby cover an area all out of 


1040 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 


proportion to its height. The largest trees seen on Tortuga 
Island were only 2 m. high although they had a span of 8 m. 
Even the young plants start to sprawl, the main shoot falling 
over, lying along the ground, and partially supporting the 
branches which fall over later. This peculiar habit is not due 
to exposure, for plants in sheltered situations are similar in 
habit to those on open slopes. It should be said here that no 
erect palo verdes were noted on Tortuga Island; as specimens 
of Cercidium microphyllum were mixed in with the Tortuga 
collection of C. precox, that former species may also have a 
sprawling habit on Tortuga Island. Sterile leafless Cercidiums 
seen in the washes at Marquer Bay, Carmen Island, had growth 
habit identical with the Tortuga plants. 


137. Hzmatoxylon brasiletto Karst. 


Hematoxylon brasiletto Karst., Fl. Columb. 2:27, t. 114. 
1862-69.—Hematoxylon boreale Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 
21:426. 1886.—Type locality: Republic of Colombia. 

Frequent along shallow draws on the stony slopes about 
Guaymas (3080, 3111). Infrequent in a wash at San Pedro 
Bay (4335). It is a loose thorny shrub 12-20 dm. high. The 
petals are bright yellow; the standard is lined with carmine. 


138. Hoffmanseggia intricata Brandg. 


Hofimanseggia intricata Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad Sci. II, 
2:151. 1889.—Hoffmanseggia glabra var. intricata Fisher, 
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:147. 1892—Hoffmanseggia 
microphylla var. glabra Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:47. 1889. 
hyponym.—Hofimanseggia glabra Fisher, Contr. U. S. Nat. 
Herb. 1:147. 1892.—Type locality: Campo Aleman, Lower 
California. 

Seen only at San Francisquito Bay (3586) and on San 
Esteban Island (3185). At the latter station it was common 
in a broad gravelly wash forming compact rounded shrubs 3-6 
dm. high or scraggly growths 6-9 dm. high. The standard is 
yellow dotted with brownish red, but the other petals are en- 
tirely reddish. 


Vou. X11] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1041 


139. Hoffmanseggia microphylla Torr. 


Hoffmanseggia microphylla Torr., Bot. Mex. Bound. 58. 
1859.—T ype locality: Colorado Desert, California. 

Collected at Tepoca Bay (3281), San Luis Island (3324), 
San Luis Gonzales Bay (3334), and Angel de la Guarda 
Island (3381). It grows in gravelly washes and seems to like 
best the gravelly benches along their borders. A nearly leaf- 
less shrub 6-12 dm. high, whose branches are simple below but 
loosely though strictly branched above. It is usually loosely 
tufted and upright, but occasionally becomes broadly globular 
in form. The flowers are yellow with the standard streaked 
with reddish. 


140. Afschynomene nivea Brandg. 


ZEschynomene nivea Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 
2:150. 1889.—T ype locality: Purisima, Lower California. 

An erect, little-branched, graceful shrub 2-3 m. high which 
id frequent in washes and on hillsides at San Nicolas Bay 
(3713), Coyote Bay, Gualalupe Point, Loreto and Escondido 
Bay ; and on Coronados, Carmen, Danzante, Monserrate, Santa 
Cruz, San Diego, San Josef, Espiritu Santo (3964), and 
Ceralbo islands. The flowers are yellow with the wings deep 
yellow, the keel greenish, and the standard yellow with a green- 
ish medial line. 


141. Astragalus aridus Gray 


Astragalus aridus Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6:223. 1864.— 
Astragalus albatus Shelton, Minn. Bot. Studies 1:128. 1894. 
—Type locality: Colorado Desert, California. 

What is taken to represent a small-leaved form of this 
species was frequent on the dunes at Tepoca Bay (3306). 
The stems are silky tomentose, strictly erect, and become 45-50 
cm. high. 


142. Astragalus coulteri Benth. 


Astragalus coulteri Benth., Pl. Hartw. 307. 1848—Type 
locality: Probably in the Colorado Desert or southwestern 
Arizona. 


1042 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


Referred here is the small-leaved, silky tomentose Astragalus 
found so commonly on the dunes at San Francisquito Bay 
(3552). The stems are strictly ascending. 


143. Astragalus insularis Kell. 


Astragalus insularis Kell., Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1:6. 1884. 
—Type locality: Cedros Island. 

There seems nothing to distinguish the Cedros Island plants 
from the Astragalus which grows so commonly in a wash on 
South San Lorenzo Island (3538). The flowers are magenta 
but dry bluish. The stems are ascending and 1-4 dm. high. 


144. Coursetia glandulosa Gray 


Coursetia glandulosa Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5:156. 1861. 
—Type locality: Cape San Lucas, Lower California. 

A weak, erect shrub 25 dm. high, which is frequent in a wash 
at Guaymas (3112). Standard mainly white, but with tip and 
back frequently pinkish or red. The wings are yellow. Vasey 
and Rose (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:88. 1890) have a 
lengthy note on this species. 


145. Diphysa occidentalis Rose 


Diphysa occidentalis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12:271. 
1909.—T ype locality: Guaymas, Sonora. 

A slender, loose shrub 18-24 dm. high, which was found 
covered with yellow flowers and unfolding leaves. It was 
frequent along washes at San Pedro (4309) and San Carlos 
(4361) bays. Perhaps only a good variety of D. sennoides. 


146. Errazurizia megacarpa (Wats.), n. comb. 


Dalea megacarpa Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 20:359. 1885.— 
Parosela megacarpa Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23 :460. 
1922.—Psorobatus megacarpus Rydb. N. Am. Fl. 24:41. 1919. 
—Type locality: Northwest Sonora near the gulf shore about 
150 miles south of the boundary. 

This is an ill-smelling shrub whose exceedingly numerous 
stems form a dense globose bush 8-10 dm. high. It is charac- 


Vor. X11) JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1043 


teristic of sandy soils, though at San Francisquito Bay it occurs 
also on a stony mesa. The corolla is gaping and not at all 
papilionaceous, being composed of thickish subequal yellow 
petals. It was collected at Tepoca Bay (3294) which is near, 
if not the actual type locality, and at San Luis Gonzales Bay 
(3348), San Francisquito Bay (3579), Tiburon Island 
(3252), and Angel de la Guarda Island (4226). Brandegee 
has it from Calamujuet and Llanos de San Julian, and Palmer 
has it from Los Angeles Bay and Santa Rosalia. Nothing 
more is on record regarding its range. 

Although in the past the plant has been usually treated as a 
member of either Dalea or Parosela, it and its two close rela- 
tives seem worthy of special generic recognition. These plants 
are notable because of their peculiar corollas which are more or 
less non-papilionaceous, and composed of thickish very firm 
yellow petals that are entirely distinct, almost clawless, 
evidently spreading, and scarcely exserted from the calyx. The 
three species are characterized by a very ramose shrubby habit, 
a loose spicate inflorescence, and coarse white tomentose 
stems that are studded with brown tuberculate glands. The 
associates of A. macrocarpa are, E. benthami (Brandg.), n. 
comb., or Dalea benthami Brandg. (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 
2:148. 1890) a species native to the islands off the west coast 
of the peninsula, and E. multifoliolata (Clos), n. comb., or 
Psoralea multifoliolata Clos (Gay, Fl. Chile 2:87. 1846) which 
is known only from northern Chile. Rydberg (loc. cit.) gave 
the name Psorobatus to the North American species, but the 
Chilian species was called Errazurizia by Phillipi (Ann. Univ. 
Chile 1872:688) nearly 50 years previously. The Chilian 
species has a more irregular corolla and is hence nearer to 
Parosela than are the Mexican species, but is evidently con- 
generic with the latter, and must be associated with them if 
the genus is to be a natural one. 


147. Indigofera argentata, n. sp. 


A pallid, erect-growing shrub with strictly ascending sub- 
simple stems, 15-25 dm. high; old stems brownish and glabrous ; 
young stems with terminal decimeter densely white strigose- 
tomentose and more or less stained by glandular secretions; 


1044 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER. 


below the densely pubescent growing parts the stems clear 
white with a light thinning silky-strigose pubescence; leaves 
oddpinnate, unicolored, younger densely silvery silky strigose 
but older with a thinner pubescence and somewhat greenish; 
rhachis 4-8 cm. long, quadrangular, densely pubescent, with a 
circle of deciduous usually subulate glands about the base of 
petiolules; leaflets opposite, 15-17, linear-oblong to narrowly 
elliptical, 2-3 cm. long, 4-6 mm. wide, tip rounded and usually 
apiculate; petiolule 1 mm. long; racemes many-flowered, 
strictly ascending, 5-15 cm. long; calyx densely silvery strigose, 
oblique, unequally cleft into linear-oblong lobes; keel 1 cm. 
long, white, densely strigose in bud; standard and wings pink 
or rose; connectives brownish, cuspidate-prolonged and tipped 
by a tuft of short hairs; ovary silky strigose; legumes pendu- 
lous on recurved pedicels 3-4 mm. long, brown, canescent with 
a sparse strigose pubescence, strongly flattened, somewhat 
curved, 25-40 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide, valves separating from 
the replum after maturity; seeds 6-12, rectangular, brown, 
inconspicuously rugose. 

Type: No. 1284, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected June 6, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 4036) in a wash near Gordas 
Point on Ceralbo Island, Gulf of California. 

A very distinct new species of the section Euindigofera and 
of Baker’s (Oliver, Fl. Trop. Africa 2:68. 1871) group 
Tinctore. It is characterized by its erect, shrubby habit, sil- 
very pubescence, large flowers, narrow leaflets, and manner of 
fructal dehiscence. It differs from J. fruticosa Rose (Contr. 
U. S. Nat. Herb 5:140. 1897), the type of which came from 
San José del Cabo, in its more erect, less branched habit, 
numerous elongate silvery leaflets, larger flowers, and larger 
canescent legumes. It was collected at two different localities 
on Ceralbo Island (4036, 4067) where it grew scattered along 
gravelly washes, forming loose silvery shrubs about 2 m. tall. 


148. Lotus tomentellus Greene 


Lotus tomentellus Greene, Pittonia 2:140. 1890.—Type 
locality: Los Angeles Bay, Lower California. 

Frequent on a silty flat on Angel de la Guarda Island 
(4206), forming herbaceous mats 6-12 dm. broad. Observed 


Vot. XIT] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1045 


on San Luis Island and at San Luis Gonzales Bay. The flowers 
are yellow. 


149. Lupinus arizonicus var. barbatulus Thornb. 


Lupinus arigonicus var. barbatulus Thornb. in Smith, Buil. 
Torr. Cl. 47:497. 1920.—T ype locality: Valley of the Colo- 
rado River, Arizona. 

In sandy soil at San Luis Gonzales Bay (3341), San Fran- 
cisquito Bay (3569), and San Marcos Island (3635). The 
flowers are pinkish. 


150. Olneya tesota Gray 


Olneya tesota Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. IT 5:328. 1855.— 
Type locality: Tablelands along the lower part of the Gila 
River, Arizona. 

Widely distributed over the gulf area, being observed at all 
the peninsular stations and at all the Sonoran stations with the 
exception of Guaymas (3290, 3444, 3780, 3786). It was seen 
on the following islands:—Tiburon (3277), Angel de la 
Guarda, San Esteban (3205), Coronados, Carmen, Danzante, 
Monserrate, Santa Cruz, San Josef, San Francisco, Espiritu 
Santo (3969), and Ceralbo (4041). It is a grayish, usually 
thorny, tree or shrub most characteristic of gravelly benches 
along washes. It occurs not infrequently on hillsides and in 
gravelly washes. Usually an upright arborescent shrub 30-45 
dm. high, but some very old trees become truly arborescent 
with a spreading crown and a height of 7-9 m. The bark is 
dark, furrowed, and loose. The plant is usually viciously 
thorny, though some individuals, these seemingly most abun- 
dant in the south, show a tendency to be unarmed. Some 
plants are entirely unarmed while others vary from thornless 
to very thorny even on a single limb. The plant flowers in 
great profusion, being usually leafless at that time. The 
standard is rosy, or white with faint markings. The wings and 
keel are magneta with the latter a trifle lighter in tone. At 
Loreto the flowering plants were called “palo tinta,” but the 
heavy hard wood, which is widely used as ‘uel, is well known 
about the gulf as “palo fierro.” 


1046 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Sex. 


151. Parosela divaricata var. cinerea (Gray), n. comb. 


Dalea divaricata var. cinerea Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7 :335. 
1868.—Dalea parryi Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7:397. 1868.— 
Parosela parryi Heller, Cat. N. Am. Pl. ed. 2, 6. 1900.— 
Dalea maritima Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 3:125. 
1891.—Parosela maritima Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 
8:304. 1905.—Parosela oculata Rydb. N. Am. Fl. 24:60. 
1919.—T ype locality: Fort Mohave, Arizona. 

An inhabitant of sandy or gravelly soil, which was collected 
at Angel de la Guarda (3387, 3411), San Esteban (3187), 
Tortuga (3599), and San Francisco (3948) islands; and at 
San Francisquito Bay (3564). The plant is very variable, 
being prostrate or strict or bushy, and annual or perennial. 
The common growth form is strict and tufted, but some of the 
Angel de la Guarda plants were loosely bushy and 6-9 dm. high. 
The flowers are a deep rich blue. Material from Magdalena 
Bay, topotypes of Bentham’s D. divaricata (with synonyms in 
P. variegata Rydb. and D. anthony Brandg.), differs from the 
Academy collections and from Californian material only in the 
lack of pubescence. A difference in pubescence is scarcely 
worthy of specific rank and so the northern plant is treated 
as a variety. 


152. Parosela emoryi (Gray) Heller 


Parosela emoryt Heller, Cat. N. Am. Pl. ed. 2, 6. 1900.— 
Dalea emoryi Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II, 5:315. 1854.— 
Psorothamnus emoryt Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 24:47. 1919—Dalea 
tinctoria Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:147. 1889.— 
Psorothamnus tinctorius Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 24:47. 1919.— 
Parosela tincoria Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23:462. 
1922.—Dalea tinctoria var. arenaria Brandg., Proc. Calif. 
Acad. Sci. II, 2:147. 1889.—Psorothamnus arenarius Rydb., 
N. Am. Fl. 24:47. 1919.—Parosela arenaria Standley, 
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23:462. 1922-—Psorothamnus 
dentatus Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 24:47. 1919.—Parosela dentata 
Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23:462. 1922.—Psorotham- 
nus junceus Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 24:48. 1919.—Parosela juncea 


Vox. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1047 


Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23:462. 1922.—T ype local- 
ity: Tableland along the Gila River, Arizona. 

A low, spreading, flat-topped, loosely intricate, grayish shrub 
4-9 dm. high and 9-12 dm. broad. It has a strong odor. The 
glands of the calyx heavily stain the collecting papers with 
yellow and orange. It is one of the characteristic shrubs on 
the dunes in the gulf area, but also occurs frequently in sandy 
washes back from the coast and, as on Tortuga Island, oc- 
casionally occurs even on hillsides. It was collected on Kino 
Point (4286), Tiburon Island (3247), San Luis Gonzales Bay 
(3344), Angel de la Guarda Island (3367, 4231), Las Animas 
bay (3515), San Francisquito Bay (3544), Tortuga Island 
(3601), San Nicolas Bay (3715), and La Paz (4013). 

The plants of this species vary considerably in size and form 
of leaf, and to a less extent in amount and distribution of 
pubescence. There seems to be no way by which P. emoryi 
and P. tinctoria can be separated, even by characters varietal 
in importance, for the chief difference seems to be a slight one 
in the denseness of tomentum. Rydberg’s P. dentatus is said 
to differ from P. tinctoria in its distinctly dentate leaves despite 
the fact that the type of the latter has definitely. toothed leaflets. 
Brandegee’s variety arenaria, characterized by very elongate 
leaflets and glabrous stem and foliage, seems worthy of varietal 
rank, and is to be called Pasosela emoryi var. arenaria, n. 
comb. Psorothamnus junceus Rydb. is a form of Parosela 
emoryi with rigid, naked stems and should be called Parosala 
emoryi var. juncea, n. comb. 


153. Parosela mollis (Benth.) Heller 


Parosela mollis Heller, Cat. N. Am. Pl. ed. 2, 6. 1900.— 
Dalea mollis Benth., Pl. Hartw. 306. 1844.—Parosela pilosa 
Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 24:64. 1919.—T ype locality: Deserts be- 
tween California and Sonora. 

Noted only on Tiburon (3251), San Luis, Angel de la 
Guarda (4235), and Tortuga (3602) islands. It forms mats 
which may become a meter broad. Usually growing in sandy 
soil but on Tortuga Island growing on a barren lava slope. 


1048 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc, 47TH Ser. 


154. Parosela spinosa (Gray) Heller 


Parosela spinosa Heller, Cat. N. Am. Pl. ed. 2,7. 1900.— 
Dalea spinosa Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II, 5:315. 1854.— 
Asagrea spinosa Baillon, Adansonia 9:233. 1870.—Psoroden- 
dron spinosum Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 24:45. 1919.—Type local- 
ity: Along the Gila River, Arizona. 

Although in a sterile condition this unmistakable shrub was 
recognized at San Luis Gonzales Bay, Los Angeles Bay, and 
on Angel de la Guarda Island. It is a gray, spiny shrub 25-30 
dm. high which grows along gravelly washes. Frequent locally 
at each station. 


155. Phaseolus atropurpureus var. sericeus Gray 


Phaseolus atropurpureus var. sericeus Gray, Proc. Am. 
Acad. 5:156. 1861.—T ype locality: Cape San Lucas, Lower 
California. 

Climbing along a fence at Mulegé (3687). The flowers are 
a very dark purple. 


156. Phaseolus filiformis Benth. 


Phaseolus filiformis Benth., Bot. Sulph. 13. 1844.—Type 
locality: Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 

As to foliage this species is highly polymorphous, varying 
from unifoliate to trifoliate and from very broadly to very nar- 
rowly lobed. The flowers are pink. It usually grows in sandy 
soil twining up through low shrubbery. Frequently it forms 
prostrate matted growths some of which are 15 dm. broad. 
It was collected at Guaymas (3089), Tiburon Island (3265), 
Angel de la Guarda Island (4220, 4225), Las Animas Bay 
(3513), San Francisquito Bay (3554), and Loreto (3794). 


157. Rhynchosia phaseoloides (Swartz) DC. 


Rhynchosia phaseoloides DC., Prodr. 2:385. 1825.—Glycine 
phaseoloides Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 1248. 1806.—Dolicholus 
phaseoloides Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 37:62. 1898.—T ype locality: 
Jamaica. 

Twining high through shrubs along a roadside in the river 
bottom at Mulegé (3686). The seeds are entirely red. The 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1049 


flowers have a brownish standard, yellow wings, and a green- 
ish keel. All other peninsular collections have larger bicolored 
seeds. 


158. Tephrosia purisime Brandg. 


Tephrosia purisime Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 
2:149. 1889.—T ype locality: Purisima, Lower California. 

Common in washes at San Nicolas Bay (3709). A single 
plant was found on a rocky hillside at Mulegé (3695). It is 
a tufted perennial 6 dm. high with numerous ascending stems 
and pink flowers. 


XL. ZyGOPHYLLACEZ 
159. Fagonia chilensis H. & A. 


Fagonia chilensis H. & A., Bot. Miscl. 3:165. -1833:— 
Fagonia californica Benth., Bot. Sulph. 10. 1844.—Fagonia 
californica var. hindsiana Benth., Bot. Sulph. 10. 1844.— 
Fagonia californica var. barclayana Benth., Bot. Sulph. 10. 
1844.—Fagonia aspera Gay, Fl. Chile 1:470. 1845.—Fagonia 
palmeri Vasey & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:82. 1890.— 
Fagonia subaphylla Philippi, Pl. Itin. Tarapaca 12. 1891.— 
Fagonia californica var. glutinosa Vail, Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. 
22:229. 1895.—Fagonia viscosa Rydb., N. Am. FI. 25:104. 
1910.—Fagonia pachyacantha Rydb., N. Am. Fil. 25:105. 
1910.—Fagonia insularis Standley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 
24:247. 1911.—Fagonia rosei Standley, Proc. Biol, Soc. 
Wash. 24:247. 1911.—Fagonia levis Standley, Proc. Biol. 
Soc. Wash. 24:249. 1911—Fagonia longipes Standley, Proc. 
Biol. Soc. Wash. 24:250. 1911.—Type locality: Chile. 

A study of Chilian material, including specimens of the 
original collection of F. chilensis, has shown conclusively that 
F. chilensis is character for character the same as the typical 
phase of F. californica. Since, as pointed out elsewhere 
(Contr. Gray Herb. II, 70:72. 1924), the American forms 
of the genus are separable from the Mediterranean F. cretica 
by efficient fruit-characters, F. chilensis is taken up as the 
proper name for the North American plants current as F. 
californica. Standley (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 24 :243-250. 


1050 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


1911) accredits 13 species of Fagonia to America. Of this — 
number, however, only F. scoparia Brandg. seems unquestion- 
ably distinct, the remaining 12 appearing to be only intergrad- 
ing forms of a single variable species. In North America the 
very variable F. chilensis reaches its greatest development in 
Lower California and areas immediately adjacent. Upon the 
basis of field-knowledge acquired during the Expedition and 
upon repeated subsequent herbaria studies, a new classification 
of the variants of F. chilensis is offered here. 

The first impression gained upon a casual inspection of 
herbarium material is that the North American material is 
extremely and erratically variable. A careful study has shown, 
however, that there are several geographically correlated 
tendencies which deserve some minor designation. In his 
treatment, Standley emphasizes glandularity and pubescence, 
but these criteria are not as satisfactory in natural primary 
segregation as is stipular development. The stipules in the 
South American and Magdalena Island collections, as well as 
in the bulk of the material from the gulf islands and from 
California and Lower California, are 1.5-4 mm. long. About 
the upper part of the gulf there occur forms with stipules 5-12 
mm. long. Of both these long and short stipuled forms, there 
are forms with large and small leaves, and forms with glandu- 
lar or pubescent or glabrous herbage. The combining of these 
characters may best be appreciated by the study of the follow- 
ing key to the varieties of F. chilensis. 


Stipules mostly 1-3 mm. long; plant glabrous to glandular. 
Leaves large and broad, 8-20 mm. long, 3-7 mm. broad. 


Glabrouseiesiediasicine emake oa pensienvesesaies Nefetetalerstsisieaieroeretee typica 
Pubescentt cities ct oh ess Ava le tae ee nates ciel ates aectererete barclayana 
More: or less: scabrous s).)3)s cic 2s, 2teccrsie lejos ayes yarese sis ersjero aicise lesen aspera 


Leaves small and narrow, 1-8 mm. long, 1-3 mm. broad. 
Glabrate. 


Leaves) 2-8) mim. lon gissceisc. ct bes ein oraicse sieve cieiolorw sia ereraie ecient levis 
Reaves) \1=2 imme Wlong fii. shoe essere eee ee cece teers roses 
Densely ;glandularisc): S05 6 bead sek btm selsinclesiins eemeamees insularis 
Stipules mostly 4-12 mm. long; plant glandular. 
Leaves broad, 3-8 mm. wide............ccccccecceecceececss ene glutinosa 
Leaves narrow, 1-2 mm. wide. 
Leaflets 3c. Sots e enna aie Beton e ans Sesion unas Y pachyacantha 


Leaflets: 5. aciactiedcisle dramas a Ae es oem ee he ee eee palmeri 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1051 


The typical, broad-leaved form of the species has synonyms 
in F. californica, and F. californica var. H imdsiana, and occurs 
in Chile and the western part of the southern half of the 
peninsula. Fagonia chilensis var. barclayana, n. comb., dif- 
fers from typica in its pubescence. It occurs with typica in 
Lower California and apparently in Chile also. Fagonia 
chilensis var. aspera, n. comb. in its extreme is very scabrous, 
but forms of it are frequently distinguishable with difficulty 
from the var. typica and var. barclayana. The variety was 
originally founded on material from Chile, but certain rather 
scabrous plants from western Lower California seem referable 
to it, Fagonia chilensis var. levis, comb. nov., with glabrate 
linear-oblong leaves, is the prevailing form of F. chilensis in 
the deserts north of the international boundary and in Lower 
California south to the area occupied by typica. Standley’s 
F. longipes is a form of levis with pedicels slightly longer than 
usual. No material of this, or any of the previously mentioned 
varieties, were collected on the expedition. In the north middle 
section of the gulf there is a minute-leaved form of levis which 
may be called Fagonia chilensis var. rosei, n. comb. It ap- 
pears to be indistinguishable from F. subaphylla of northern 
Chile. Specimens were collected on Tiburon Island (3258) 
and at San Luis Gonzales Bay (3346). Fagonia chilensis, 
var. insularis, comb. nov. is simply a densely glandular-villous 
state of rosei which inhabits the southern gulf islands. It was 
collected on Coronados (3767), Carmen (3806), and San 
Francisco (3958) islands. Fagonia chilensis var. glutinosa, 
n. comb., which has a synonym in F. viscosa, has the leaves of 
typical chilensis, and in addition has long stipules and densely 
glandular stems. It comes from the Colorado Desert, from 
northwestern Sonora, where it was collected at Tepoca Bay 
(3297), and from Guadalupe Point in Concepcion Bay (4155), 
a station quite incongruous with its other distribution. A dit- 
ference in leaflet-width is all that separates Fagonia chilensis 
var. pachyacantha, n. comb., from the var. glutinosa, the 
former having linear and the latter ovate or oblong leaflets. 
The variety pachyacantha appears to range along the east 
coast of the peninsula from about Santa Rosalia to San Luis 
Gonzales Bay. It was collected at San Francisquito Bay 
(3555) and on Angel de la Guarda Island (3385). Fagonia 


1052 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


chilensis var, palmeri, n. comb., is the best marked of all the 
varieties accepted. Though the leaflets are always five in 
palmeri and three in pachyacantha, that is the only difference, 
and it seems that the two forms should be closely associated as 
varieties of the same species. The type of F. palmeri came 
from Santa Rosalia, but indistinguishable material grows on 
San Marcos Island (3612). ; 
The forms of F. chilensis observed on the expedition were 
all slender, trailing shrubby plants which grew in gravelly 
washes or on banks, and formed spreading masses 15-20 cm. 
high and 6-12 dm. broad. The flowers are pink or somewhat 
magenta. The plant was found abundantly nowhere. 


159a. Fagonia densa, n. sp. 


A dense, compact, upright, globose shrub 15-80 cm. high; 
stem very woody, becoming 25 mm. thick, branched 2-4 dm. 
above the ground into closely ascending branches; branches 
stout, much branched, with numerous slender green terete ulti- 
mate branchlets; internodes short, 5-15, but usually about 10 
mm. long; leaves and stipules together appearing as whorled 
acerose leaves, numerous, crowded, in situ completely hiding 
the rameal skeleton of the plant, glabrous but more or less 
glandular and glutinous; leaves with acerose petioles 5-10 mm. 
long and 3 acerose leaflets 1-6 mm. long; stipules acerose, 
10-15 mm. long, ascending, exceeding or slightly shorter than 
the internodes, simulating in form and color the subtended 
leaves which they commonly exceed in length; pedicels slender, 
abruptly reflexed, 2-5 mm. long, glandular glutinous; sepals 
oblong to lance-oblong, obtuse, 3-5 mm. long; petals pink, 7-8 
mm. long, spatulate; fruit 4-5 mm. long, glandular and exceed- 
ingly glutinous, more or less sparsely villous, beak very slender 
and 3-4 mm. long; seeds ovate, minutely and shallowly 
aveolate. 

Type: No. 1285, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected May 9, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3532) from gypsum soil in a 
cafion on South San Lorenzo Island, Gulf of California. 

This plant is locally frequent in gypsum soil in the upper 
reaches of a small cafion which opens on the anchorage off 
South San Lorenzo Island (3532). The plants first found 


Vor. XII} JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1053 


were without flowers and fruit and so strange were their habit 
and appearance that they were generically unrecognizable. 
They gave not the slightest suggestion of the sprawling lax 
open habit that characterizes F. chilensis, invariably growing 
in trim close globose very leafy bushes that in form much 
recalled some of the dwarf lawn conifers. The woodiness, 
leafiness, and weight of the branches were particularly notice- 
able and particularly different from those in all forms of F. 
chilensis. Among the American and Old World forms of 
Fagonia, F. densa is characterized by its dense, erect, bushy 
habit, very woody stems with short internodes, acerose stipules 
that commonly exceed the leaves, and exceedingly glutinous 
fruits. It suggests in some respects F. chilensis var. pachya- 
cantha, but the habit is completely at variance with that as 
with all other varieties of chilensts. 


160. Guaiacum coulteri var. palmeri (Vail), n. comb. 


Guaiacum palmeri Vail, N. Am. Fl. 25:107. 1910.—T ype 
locality: Guaymas, Sonora. 

Seen only at San Pedro (4326) and San Carlos (4353) bays 
where it is frequent on gravelly plains and less common on the 
adjacent hillsides. It is a coarse-stemmed, open shrub 15-30 
dm. high and 15 dm. broad, which rarely becomes arborescent, 
and reaches 4 m. in height. The flowers which appear before 
the leaves are a rich bluish purple in color and have the petals 
twisted like propeller blades. Certainly it is one of the most 
beautiful shrubs in the gulf area. According to Captain Ross 
it is called “lignum vite” and is used by the gulf seamen for 
the same purposes as the commercial wood. 

The variety palmeri is characterized by its tomentose ovary. 
The collections have densely tomentose ovaries, but an isotype 
of palmeri has the ovary only partly tomentose. Perhaps G. 
palmeri is based on characters too unimportant even for a 
variety. 


161. Larrea divaricata Cav. 


Larrea divaricata Cav., Anales Hist. Nat. Madrid 2:122, 
t.19, f.1. 1800.—Covillea divaricata Vail. Bull. Torr. Cl. 22 :229. 
1895.—Zygophyllum tridentatum DC., Prodr. 1:706. 1824. 


1054 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES {Proc. 4TH Ser. 


—Larrea tridentata Cov., Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4:75. 1893. 
—Covillea tridentata Vail, Bull. Torr. Cl. 26:302. 1899.— 
Larrea mexicana Moric., Pl. Nouv. Am. 71. 1839.—Zygo- 
phyllum californicum Torr. & Frem., Rep. 257. 1845.— 
Larrea glutinosa Engelm. in Wisliz., Mem. No. Mex. 93. 
1848.—Covillea glutinosa Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 25:108. 1910.— 
Type locality: Between Mendoza and Buenos Aires, Argen- 
tina. 

Larrea was seen only at the following localities: Tiburon 
Island, Tepoca Bay (3293), San Luis Island (3323), San Luis 
Gonzales Bay, Angel de la Guarda Island (3403), San Fran- 
cisquito Bay, Santa Rosalia, San Marcos Island, and Guada- 
lupe Point. It is a many-stemmed, tufted, resinous shrub 8-20 
dm. high. When present it is usually common on gravelly 
plains and rocky slopes. At Santa Rosalia and San Marcos 
Island it was called “gobernadora” by the natives. The petals 
of this plant, both in the gulf area and in the deserts of Cali- 
fornia, are twisted at the short claw so as to have their faces 
vertical and not horizontal as all the illustrations, drawn from 
herbarium material, have shown them. When fresh the twisted 
petals give the flowers the appearance of miniature water- 
wheels. If there are any characters by which the Argentine 
forms of L. divaricata can be decisively separated from the 
North American forms of Larrea, they have yet to be pointed 
out. Every phase of the North American plant finds its dupli- 
cation in the material from the continent to the south, and there 
seems no good reason why Cavanilles’ name should not be 
applied to the northern plant. 


162. Viscainoa geniculata (Kell.) Greene 


Viscainoa geniculata Greene, Pittonia 1:163. 1888.—Sta- 
phylea geniculata Kell., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2:22. 1859.— 
Chitonia simplicifolia Wats. in Orcutt, West. Am. Sci. 2:58. 
1886. hyponym.—Type locality: North of Santa Rosalia 
Bay nearly opposite Elide Island, Lower California. 

One of the most characteristic and widely distributed shrubs 
in the gulf area. Not observed on San Pedro Martir, San 
Pedro Nolasco, Raza, Patos, San Marcos, Coronados, or Dan- 
zante islands, but seen at all other stations in and about the gulf 


Vor. XIT} JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1055 


(3052, 3208, 3230, 3269, 3338, 3457, 3582, 4194). The plant 
is a homely, rather dense, pallid evergreen shrub growing 
15-25 or 30 dm. high. It is equally abundant on gravelly situa- 
tions and on rocky hillsides, and appears particularly to like 
situations on and about cliffs. The petals are white and crepe- 
like. Goldman (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16:346. 1916) and 
Curran (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 1:228. 1888) both have 
interesting accounts of this species. 


XLI. RutTacez 
163. Esenbeckia flava Brandg. 


Esenbeckia flava Brandg., Zoe 1:378, t.12. 1891.—T ype 
locality: San José del Cabo, Lower California. 

A strictly branched, erect-growing, deciduous shrub or small 
tree. It grows 2-4 m. high and frequently has a trunk 1-6 dm. 
high and 15-20 cm. thick. Observed only on San Josef 
(4087) and Catalina islands where it is locally common on 
gravelly plains or gravelly cafion floors. 


164. Thamnosma trifoliata, n. sp. 


A glabrous perennial with prostrate, wiry stems 3-6 dm. 
long; leaves remote, trifoliate, with slender petioles 1-5 mm. 
long; leaflets sessile or short petiolate, elliptical or oblong, the 
outer two more or less oblique, 5-14 mm. long, 3-8 mm. 
wide, light green above, pale beneath, apex rounded, margins 
finely crenate; flowers scattered ; pedicels 1-4 mm. long; sepals 
united below, ovate or almost semicircular, 1-1.5 mm. long; 
flowers unknown; capsules deeply obcordate-lobed, 4-5 mm. 
high, 4-6 mm. wide, short stipitate or subsessile; ovules about 
5 in each cell; seeds 2 in each cell, 2.5 mm. long, a little over 
1 mm. in transverse diameter, bent and arched in lateral out- 
line, pallid, densely roughened with uneven coarse fragile 
tubercules. 

Type: No. 1286, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected May 26, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3892) in a gulch in the mountains 
back of Agua Verde Bay, Lower California. 

Of this very distinct new species there was found but a 
single fruiting plant. It grew from a rock crevice and trailed 


1056 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47m Ser. 


over the bed of a rocky gulch which runs down the side of a 
huge amphitheater-like cafion in the Sierra Giganta just south 
of Agua Verde Bay (3892). The trifoliate leaves and pros- 
trate wiry stems give the plant the general appearance of a 
species of Lotus. When bruised the plant exhaled a rue-like 
odor. 

The nearest relative of Thamnosma trifoliata is T. texana 
Gray. It also seems close to T. africana Engler. The new spe- 
cies differs from texana in its prostrate habit, trifoliate leaves, 
and fewer, differently-shaped seeds. Thamnosma africana has 
trifoliate leaves but it is an erect plant with linear leaflets, a 
capsule 8-9 mm. high, and 8 seeds which are reniform and 
echinate. With the new addition, the genus now has five 
known species, two African and three American. 


XLII. SimarRuBACE® 


165. Castela peninsularis Rose 


Castela peninsularis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12:278. 
1909.—Castelaria peninsularis Small, N. Am. Fl. 25:231. 
1911.—T ype locality: San José del Cabo, Lower California. 

Observed on Catalina, Santa Cruz (3918), San Diego 
(3928), San Josef (4088), San Francisco, Espiritu Santo 
(3983), and Ceralbo islands, and at San Evaristo Bay (4090). 
On San Diego and Santa Cruz islands the plant grows on 
seaward slopes or about seacliffs forming scraggly flat-topped 
growths 5-10 dm. high. At other localities it grows in 
gravelly or rocky soil back from the sea and formed an even, 
depressed, globose shrub 9-18 dm. high. The fruit is com- 
posed of several bright-red, cherry-like drupes which, though 
appearing appetizing, are in fact very bitter. The pedicels, 
petals, and sepals are red, but the 8 stamens are yellow. Bran- 
degee (Zoe 2:147. 1891 and Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 3:120. 
1891) reports this plant, under the name of C. tortuosa, as 
abundant in the cape region and gives some interesting notes 
regarding it. 


Vox. XII) JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1057 


XLIII. Burserace# 
166. Bursera cerasifolia Brandg. 


Bursera cerasifolia Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 
3:121. 1891.—Terebinthus cerasifolius Rose, Contr. U. S. 
Nat. Herb. 10:119. 1906.—Elaphrium cerasifolia Rose, N. 
Am. Fl. 25:244. 1911.—Type locality: San José del Cabo, 
Lower California. 

Referred here is the shiny-leaved copal collected on Espiritu 
Santo (4080) and observed on Ceralbo Island. The habits 
were those of B. rhotfolia from which it differs chiefly in its 
glabrous, shiny, simple, usually short-petiolate leaves. 


167. Bursera microphylla Gray 


Bursera microphylla Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5:155. 1861. 
—Terebinthus microphyllus Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 
10:120. 1906.—Elaphrium microphyllum Rose, N. Am. FI. 
25:250. 1911.—Type locality: Sierras Tule, Sonora. 

A characteristic and ubiquitous tree in the gulf area. It was 
seen at Guaymas, Guadalupe Point, and La Paz (3042); at 
San Luis Gonzales, Tepoca (3289), Los Angeles (3482), Las 
Animas, San Francisquito, Coyote (4168), San Nicolas, 
Escondido, and San Evaristo bays; and on San Pedro Nolasco 
(3128), Tiburon (3246, 4273), Angel de la Guarda (3391), 
San Esteban (3186), San Marcos, Coronados, Carmen, Dan- 
zante, Monserrate, Catalina, Santa Cruz, San Diego, San 
Josef, San Francisco, Espiritu Santo, and Ceralbo islands. 
This plant, called “torote” by the natives, is a heavy-limbed, 
strong-scented tree which usually grows in gravel but by no 
means avoids rocky hillsides. Commonly a stout spreading 
tree 25 dm. high, but frequently forming a tree 75 dm. high. 
The older limbs have a yellowish oily papery exfoliating outer 
bark and a dark maroon inner bark. The odor of the tree is 
very similar to, but much stronger than, the cultivated Schinus 
molle. The southern plants seem to be larger and to have 
larger leaflets than do the northern plants. 


1058 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


168. Bursera rhoifolia (Benth.), n. comb. 


Elaphrium rhoifolium Benth., Bot. Sulph. 10, t.10. 1844. 
—Terebinthus rhotfolius Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 
10:121. 1906.—Bursera hindsiana var. rhoifolia Engler in 
DC., Monog. Phan. 4:59. 1883.—Elaphrium hindsianum 
Benth., Bot. Sulph. 10, t.8. 1844.—-Bursera hindsiana Engler 
in DC., Monog. Phan. 4:58. 1883.—Terebinthus macdou- 
galii Rose, Torreya 6:170, £.5. 1906.—Elaphrium macdou- 
galit Rose, N. Am. Fl. 25:255. 1911.—Elaphrium epinnatum 
Rose, N. Am. Fl. 25:243. 1911.—Elaphrium goldmami Rose, 
N. Am. Fl. 25:256. 1911.—Type locality: Magdalena Bay, 
Lower California. 

A widely distributed but not an abundant tree in the gulf 
area. It was seen at Tepoca Bay (3292), San Luis Gonzales, 
Los Angeles (3484), Las Animas, and San Nicolas bays; and 
on Tiburon (3271), San Luis, Angel de la Guarda (3382), 
Tortuga (3597), Carmen, Catalina, and Santa Cruz islands. 
The tree grows 25-35 dm. high and has spreading heavy, 
dark-barked limbs. 

This species varies in the number of pinnules developed, its 
leaves being sometimes simple and sometimes ternate. Ben- 
tham named the simple (hindsiana) and ternate (rhoifolia) 
forms, but as Brandegee (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:138. 
1889) has remarked the leaf variation in this species seems 
unworthy of recognition. Elaphrium epmnatum Rose, is one 
of the simple-leaved forms of rhoifolia, and is not a relative 
of B. cerasifolia as its author suggests. The type of E. gold- 
mam does not show anything which would separate it from 
forms referred to rhoifolia, although Goldman (Contr. U. S. 
Nat. Herb. 16:340. 1916) writes that he recognized the plant 
as different in the field. 


XLIV. MatLricHIACE& 
169. Janusia californica Benth. 


Janusia californica Benth., Bot. Sulph. 8, t.4. 1844.—T ype 
locality: Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1059 


Infrequent over the higher parts of Tortuga Island (3603) 
where it forms tangled masses in low shrubs. » Flowering speci- 
mens were taken from an irrigated garden on Carmen Island 
(3832). 


170. Janusia gracilis Gray 


Janusia gracilis Gray, Pl. Wright. 1:37. 1852.—Type 
locality: Mountains east of El Paso, Texas. 

A wiry vine that grows in stony ground and twines up 
through bushes forming tangles in their upper branches. It 
was collected on San Esteban (3207) and Carmen (3838) 
islands, and at Guaymas (3109) and Mulegé (3696). The 
only previous record for the peninsula appears to be that of 
Goldman (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16:340. 1916) from San 
Matias Pass. 


171. Mascagnia macroptera (Moc. & Sesse) Niedenzu 


Mascagnia macroptera Niedenzu, Gen. Masc. 27. 1908.— 
Hirea macroptera Moc. & Sesse in DC., Prodr. 1:586. 1824. 
—Type locality: Near Monterey, Nuevo Leon. 

This plant was seen at Guaymas (3096), San Carlos Bay, 
San Pedro Bay, Santa Rosalia, San Nicolas Bay (3732), 
Loreto (3773), Carmen Island (3804), Danzante Island, 
Escondido Bay (3850), Monserrate Island, and Agua Verde 
Bay. It seems to have no definite habit of growth, appearing 
in the same locality either as a long trailing or twining vine, 
or as an erect shrub a meter or less high. It grows most fre- 
quently on gravelly soil, especially that of cafion floors, but at 
Guaymas it grew on a rocky hillside. At Santa Rosalia the 
plant was notable because of its extreme abundance in the 
broad rocky wash in the cafion directly back of the town. 


172. Thryallis angustifolia (Benth.) Kuntze 


Thryallis angustifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1:89. 1891.— 
Galphimia angustifolia Benth., Bot. Sulph. 9, t.5. 1844.— 
Type locality: Cape San Lucas, Lower California. 


1060 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc, 47H Ser. 


Found only at San Nicolas Bay (3736). The plant was 
frequent locally growing in the shelter of shrubs in a sandy 
wash. The specimens collected have the oblong leaves of the 
variety oblongifolia Vail (Bull. Torr. Cl. 22:228. 1895). 


XLV. EUPHORBIACEZ 
173. Acalypha californica Benth. 


Acalypha californica Benth., Bot. Sulph. 51. 1844.—T ype 
locality: Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 

Collections of Acalypha were made on Espiritu Santo 
(3974) and Tiburon (3274) islands, and at Los Angeles 
(3427), Las Animas (3517), Coyote (4176), Escondido 
(4127), and San Pedro (4316) bays. The peninsular Acaly- 
phe, as exemplified by the collected series and by the very large 
suite accumulated by Mr. Brandegee, show much variation. 
There are perhaps several different species in the aggregate, 
but the intricate synonymy and host of close-cut species in the 
genus, make it inadvisable, at present, to attempt a segregation. 


174. Adelia virgata Brandg. 


Adelia virgata Brandg., Zoe 4:406. 1894.—T ype locality: 
Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California. 

Collected at San Pedro Bay (4310) and at Escondido Bay 
(4135), and recognized at Guadalupe Point, San Nicolas Bay, 
Loreto, San Evaristo Bay, San Josef Island, Espiritu Santo 
Island, and Ceralbo Island. Besides the type, Brandegee has 
collections from San José del Cabo and Comondu. It is infre- 
quent in gravelly washes, becoming a slender shrub 15-25 dm. 
high with few long usually widely spreading branches. The 
leaves are borne in loose fascicles on the numerous low woolly 
spurs studding the branches. Adela vaseyi (Coulter) Pax of 
western Texas seems to be a very close relative of this species. 


175. Cnidoscolus palmeri (Wats.) Rose 


Cnidoscolus palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12:282. 
1909.—Jatropha palmer: Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:76. 
1889.—T ype locality: Mountains about Guaymas, Sonora. 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1061 


This is a weak, rather open, shrub usually 9-15 dm. high 
which seems to be restricted to rock crevices, particularly on 
rocky cafion sides. The leaves are nearly semicircular in out- 
line and light green in color. The stems and leaves of the 
plant are more or less abundantly provided with long stinging 
hairs. When coming in contact with the skin these hairs feel 
like hot needles and later cause an aggravating itch. The 
calyces are white, tinged with green. The species was collected 
at Danzante Island (3863), Agua Verde Bay (3886), Santa 
Cruz Island (3919), Espiritu Santo Island (3996), and 
Ceralbo Island (4061). Previously known only from the type 
collection and from Goldman’s (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 
16:341. 1916) collections from near San Ignacio. It oc- 
curred in fair abundance at every locality where found, but 
was particularly common about the Isthmus on Espiritu Santo 
Island. 


176. Croton californica Muell. Arg. 


Croton californica Muell. Arg. in DC., Prodr. 157:691. 
1862.—Croton arenicola Rose & Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. 
Herb. 16:12. 1912—Type locahty: Near San Francisco, 
California. 

Found on the dunes and in sandy draws at Tepoca Bay, San 
Luis Gonzales Bay (3345), Tiburon Island (3261, 4249), 
Kino Point, San Pedro Bay (4323), Monserrate Island, and 
La Paz. 


177. Croton magdalenz Millsp. 


Croton magdalene Millsp., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:220. 
1889.—T ype locality: Magdalena Island. 

An erect, white, tomentose shrub 10-22 dm. high which 
commonly grows on rocky cafion floors. It was noted on 
Carmen (3809), Danzante, Monserrate, Santa Cruz, San 
Diego, San Josef, San Francisco, Espiritu Santo (3970), and 
Ceralbo (4055) islands; and at Escondido (4125), Agua 
Verde (3890), and San Pedro (4301) bays. 


1062 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 


178. Ditaxis brandegei (Millsp.) Rose & Standley 


Ditaxis brandeget Rose & Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 
16:13. 1912—Argythamnia brandegei Millsp., Proc. Calif. 
Acad. Sci. II, 2:220. 1889.—T ype locality: San Gregorio, 
Lower California. 

A very open, shrubby plant 10-25 dm. high with but few 
widely spreading elongate branches. The stems are very 
coarse, glabrous, pale green, and usually bear foliage only a 
short distance (10-15 cm.) below the growing tip. The trunk 
of the plant, which is 1-2 cm. thick and 3-10 dm. high, is de- 
cidedly woody, but the coarse rubbery-appearing branches, 
which are 5-9 mm. thick, are pithy. All parts of the plant turn 
purplish on drying. The plant usually selects gravelly soil in 
cafions, but it also grows in gypsum and on rocky hillsides. It 
was generally common at no locality, usually occurring in vary- 
ing abundance in small areas at each station. It was seen at 
the following localities—Angel de la Guarda Island (3402), 
San Marcos Island (3628), Mulegé (3693), Guadalupe Point 
(4157), Coyote Bay (4170), San Nicolas Bay (3733), Coro- 
nados Island (3764), Loreto (3794), Carmen Island (3818), 
Escondido Bay (3847), and Agua Verde Bay (3911). The 
collections from Guadalupe Point, San Nicolas Bay, Corona- 
dos Island, and Carmen Island differ from the others in having 
the fruit covered with yellowish appressed hispid hairs and in 
having similar hairs scattered over the foliage. This pubes- 
cent form, which may be called D. brandegei var. intonsa 
(type,—Johnston 3764, No. 1286,, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci.), is 
the only conspicuous variation of the species. The species com- 
monly has 10 stamens placed in two series, and seems clearly 
to belong near D. cyanophylia in the monograph by Pax 
(Pflanzenr. 447%" :66. 1912), for the flowers are borne in 
well developed racemes characteristic of the section Serophy- 
ton of that work. It should be noted, however, that Pax has 
reversed the proper application of Aphora and Serophyton, the 
type species of these sections not occurring under the sections 
which they typify. 


Vor. X11) JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1063 


179. Ditaxis lanceolata (Benth.) Pax & Hoffm. 


Ditaxis lanceolata Pax & Hoffm., Pflanzenr. 4°*7%" :71. 
1912.—Serophyton lanceolatum Benth., Bot. Sulph. 52. 1844. 
—Argythamnia sericophylla Gray in Wats., Bot. Calif. 2:70. 
1880.—Ditaxis sericophylla Heller, Cat. N. Am. Pl. 5. 1898. 
—Argythamnia sericophylla var. verrucosemina Millsp., Proc. 
Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:221. 1889.—Type locality: Magda- 
lena Bay, Lower California. 

This is a moncecious perennial with a coarse taproot, a 
twiggy caudex, and a crown of numerous slender subsimple 
silky branches. It grows selfsupporting or up through other 
plants, and though occasionally widely spreading or subpros- 
trate it is usually strictly or ascendingly branched and 2-9 dm. 
high. It grows usually in gravelly or sandy washes but occa- 
sionally also on rocky hillsides. Collections were made at 
Angel de la Guarda Island (3390, 4209), San Esteban Island 
(3206), San Francisquito Bay (3578), Mulegé (3698), San 
Nicolas Bay (3726), Espiritu Santo Island (3973, 4008), and 
La Paz (3036). A study has been made of a photograph of 
the type of Serophyton lanceolata and of topotype material, 
and it is found that these differ from Argythamnia serico- 
phylla, the type of which has been seen, only in a slightly 
greater breadth of leaf. This sole difference is entirely obliter- 
ated by perfect intergradation in the suite of specimens 
studied. 


180. Ditaxis serrata (Torr.) Heller 


Ditaxis serrata Heller, Cat. N. Am. Pl. 5. 1898.—Aphora 
serrata Torr., Bot. Mex. Bound. 197. 1858.—Argythamnia 
serrata Muell. Arg., Linnzea 34:147. 1865.—Ditaxis odonto- 
phylla Rose & Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16:12. 1912. 
—Argythamnia serrata var. magdalene Millsp., Proc. Calif. 
Acad. Sci. II, 2:221. 1889.—Type locality: Near Fort 
Yuma, Arizona. 

Forming prostrate growths in gravelly or sandy places, and 
frequently also on rocky hillsides. It is usually annual, but 
not infrequently becomes perennial. As treated here the spe- 
cies is probably an aggregate. The material from San Luis 
Gonzales Bay (3332), Angel de la Guarda Island (3356, 4217, 


1064 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 


4240,4410), San Esteban Island (3180), Tiburon Island (4266), 
South San Lorenzo Island (3531), Tortuga Island (3595), 
San Marcos Island (3643), Mulegé (3697), and Guadalupe 
Point (4156), all seem to be quite similar to the Californian 
plants. Most of the material from California has subentire, 
acute, oblong-lanceolate, or -oblanceolate leaves, developments 
which the cited material shows. Among the plants mentioned 
the material from Angel de Guarda, San Esteban, and South 
San Lorenzo islands seems to be perennial, to grow larger, 
and to have narrower leaves. The specimen from San Marcos 
Island has a notably dense pubescence. Plants collected along 
the Sonoran coast at Tepoca Bay (3291), Tiburon Island 
(3255), and Kino Point (4289) show a tendency to be 
sparsely pubescent and to have the leaves obtuse and drying 
reddish. Specimens from San Francisquito Bay (3553) have 
obtuse leaves which are serrate on the end, and have seeds with 
granulate surfaces. As to seeds, leaf-margin, and leaf-shape, 
this latter collection is Ditaxis serrata var. magdalene, but the 
type of that variety has green, very large (25-40 mm. long), 
sparsely pubescent leaves, whereas the San Francisquito plant 
has leaves half as large, canescent, and densely pubescent. The 
meagre material at hand seems to show that most of the plants 
in the south of the peninsula have obtuse leaves with terminal 
serrations. These southern plants, however, vary considerably 
in pubescence, size of leaf, and marking of the seed. Com- 
pleting the collected series is a form from La Paz (3073) with 
reddish lanceolate leaves and dense long spreading hispid 
pubescence. 


181. Euphorbia arizonica Engelm. 


Euphorbia arizonica Engelm. in Torr., Bot. Mex. Bound. 
186. 1859.—Euphorbia bartholomei Greene, Pittonia 1:290. 
1889.—Chamesyce bartholomei Millsp., Pub. Field Mus. Bot. 
2:408. 1916.—(?) Euphorbia pondii Millsp., Contr. U. S. 
Nat. Herb. 1:12. 1890.—Type locality: Sierra Yanos, 
Sonora. 

This species, characterized by its loose habit, sparse spread- 
ing pubescence, and large white or frequently pink involucral 


Vor. XIT] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1065 


appendages, is very frequent on a broad cafion floor at Agua 
Verde Bay (3878). Brandegee has collections from the Sierra 
de la Laguna, and from Natividad Island. Euphorbia pedicult- 
fera var. minor Millsp. (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:227. 
1889) has the habits of this species but its appendages are 
much reduced. It does not, however, have anything to do with 
E. pediculifera. 


182. Euphorbia capitellata Engelm. 


Euphorbia capitellata Engelm. in Torr., Bot. Mex. Bound. 
188. 1859.—Chamesyce capitellata Millsp., Pub. Field Mus. 
Bot. 2:408. 1916. — Euphorbia capitellata var. laxiflora 
Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:74. 1889.—Type locality: Val- 
ley of San Bernardino, Sonora. 

Very common and erect-growing on the rocky hills about 
Coyote Bay (4173). At San Carlos Bay (4369) it was infre- 
quent and prostrate ina wash. A small colony was also found 
on a railroad enbankment at Guaymas (3120). 


183. Euphorbia carmenensis Rose 


Euphorbia carmenensis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:133. 
1892.—Chamesyce carmenensis Millsp., Publ. Field Mus. Bot. 
2:408. 1916.—T ype locality: Carmen Island. 

Apparently most at home in decomposed granite on hillsides 
and on benches, but also occurring in washes and on dunes. It 
is a plant with a depressed shrubby base and forms flat cir- 
cular growths 8-30 cm. broad and 3-8 cm. high. Collected on 
Carmen (3800, 3842), Catalina (4103), Santa Cruz (3921), 
and San Diego (3925) islands. At all localities the plant was 
heavily infested with cecidomyid galls. The San Diego collec- 
tions have evident white involucral appendages; the others are 
unappendaged. The species has a distinct aspect but is hard to 
separate from some forms of E. polycarpa, the best characters 
being the occurrence of galls, island range, small oblong leaves, 
and a peculiar flattened shrubby habit. 


1066 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser. 


184. Euphorbia ceroderma, n. sp. 


A leafless, yellow-green perennial forming broad dense erect 
clumps 5-10 dm. high; stems numerous, 4-6 mm. thick, covered 
with a thick wax coat, with one or two strictly ascending 
branches ; involucres in small subsessile glomerules borne along 
the stem, yellow, unisexual by abortion, turbinate, glabrate, 
about 1 mm. high, lobes none, with 5 transversely oblong con- 
duplicate yellow glands which have evident yellow acute ovate 
or cordate irregularly-margined appendages 1-1.5 mm. long; 
female involucres few, with small appendages and pedicels with 
3 conspicuous slender reddish compressed whip-like bracts 
12-18 mm. long; ovary glabrous; style divided. 

Type: No. 1287, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. collected July 7, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 4304) from rocky cafion sides at 
San Pedro Bay, Sonora. 

Apparently related to E. antisiphyhtica with which it agrees 
in habit, but from which it differs in its wax-coated stems, 
much smaller glomerate glabrous involucres, and in its widely 
separated range. The filiform bracts are similar to those in 
the very different E. dioscoreoides while the habit suggests 
that of a slender plant of Pedilanthus macrocarpus. The new 
species is common on the rocky cafion sides about San Pedro 
Bay (4304), and is very abundant on the rocky volcanic slopes 
about San Carlos Bay. 


185. Euphorbia chamberlini, n. sp. 


A perennial 10-15 cm. high with erect or ascending slender 
herbaceous stems which are mainly branched below, young 
parts sordid with a dense oily villous pubescence, old parts 
sparsely short-villous; leaves opposite, ovate, entire, apex ob- 
tuse, base rounded or slightly cordate, old leaves becoming 
roseate glabrate and a little glaucous, blade 5-8 mm. long and 
4-6.5 mm. wide, petiole 0.5-2.0 mm. long; stipules united to 
form a deltoid scale which is frequently bifid with acuminate 
lobes; involucres aggregated into close very leafy capitate 
clusters terminating branches or branchlets, turbinate, pubes- 
cent outside, 1.2 mm. long, with 5 linear lobes and 4 appen- 
daged glands; glands reddish-brown, rather small, short- 
oblong ; involucral appendages white, less than 3 mm. long and 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY : 1067 


1 mm. wide, deeply lobed; capsule pubescent, spherical-ovate, 
about 1.2 mm. long, obtusely 3-angular ; seeds ashy, prismatic, 
1 mm. long, smooth or the faces transversely wrinkled. 

Type: No. 1288, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected June 14, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 4136) on an alluvial plain at 
Escondido Bay, Lower California. 

Frequent in gravelly soil among bushes on the detrital plain 
near the foot of the Sierra Giganta back of Escondido Bay 
(4136). This is a well-marked species whose outstanding 
characters are its lobed involucral appendages and capitate 
inflorescence. It suggests E. pycnanthema, but differs in its 
smaller, entire leaves and lobed appendages. From E. capt- 
tellata, which is probably its nearest relative, it differs in habit, 
pubescence, shape of leaves, and smaller lobed appendages. 
The species is named for Joseph Chamberlin, companion of the 
author when the type was collected while tramping boatward 
after an eventful day spent high in the Sierra Giganta. 


186. Euphorbia eriantha Benth. 


Euphorbia eriantha Benth., Bot. Sulph. 51. 1844.—Poin- 
settia criantha Rose & Standley, Contr. WaS eNetayElerb: 
16:13. 1912.—Type locality: Magdalena Bay, Lower Cali- 
fornia. 

Collected in washes at Angel de la Guarda Island (4208), 
Tiburon Island (4255), Los Angeles Bay (3478), and San 
Francisquito Bay (3576). It was noted as very common on 
the rocky hillsides about Coyote Bay. The plant was very 
common at Coyote Bay and at the south end of Angel de la 
Guarda Island, but elsewhere only a few scattered plants were 
seen. It is an annual with one to several strict stems 2-3 dm. 
high or occasionally even 8 dm. in height. 


187. Euphorbia hypericifolia L. 


Euphorbia hypericifolia L., Sp. Pl. 454. 1753.—Chame- 
syce hypericifolia Millsp., Pub. Field Mus. Bot. 2:302. 1909. 
—Type locality: West Indies. 

A common weed in the cultivated fields at Mulegé (3673). 
Brandegee has collections from Purisima, west side of Cape 


1068 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser, 


Region, Todos Santos, and Cafion San Bernardo. Narrow- 
leaved plants referable to E. brasiliensis, have been repeatedly 
collected about San José del Cabo. 


188. Euphorbia incerta Brandg. 


Euphorbia incerta Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 3:171. 
1891.—Chamesyce incerta Millsp., Pub. Field Mus. Bot. 
2:409. 1916.—T ype locality: El Mogote opposite La Paz, 
Lower California. 

Collected on San Francisco Island (3944) where frequent 
on a sand-beach forming a narrow belt along the high-tide 
line, and at La Paz (4010) where a populous colony was found 
on the dunes of El Mogote. It is a coarse herbaceous plant of 
variable habit. On the island the stems were prostrate and 
buried in the sand with only the foliage and branchlets exposed, 
but at La Paz the stems were strict or ascending and unburied. 
The stems are covered with a thick even coat of gluten which 
is usually holding sand grains to its full capacity. 


189. Euphorbia leucophylla Benth. 


Euphorbia leucophylla Benth., Bot. Sulph. 50. 1844.— 
Chamesyce leucophylla Millsp., Pub. Field Mus. Bot. 2:410. 
1916.—Euphorbia velutina Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2:57. 
1886.—Euphorbia biserrata Millsp., Zoe 1:347. 1891.—T ype 
locality: Cape San Lucas, Lower California. 

Seen only at Kino Point (4283), Tiburon Island (4246), La 
Paz (4009), and Ceralbo Island (4021), at all of which sta- 
tions it was locally common on dunes along the ocean. The 
plant is perennial and forms circular mats 2-6 dm. broad. The 
stems are widely ascending and the plant may become 15 cm. 
high, but usually the stems are buried in the sand and the plant 
is only a few centimeters in height. Brandegee (Proc. Calif. 
Acad. Sci. II, 3:168. 1891) has very full notes on this species. 


190. Euphorbia magdalenz Benth. 


Euphorbia magdalene Benth., Bot. Sulph. 50. 1844.— 
Chamesyce magdalene Millsp., Pub. Field Mus. Bot. 2:410. 
1916.—Euphorbia blepharostipula Millsp., in Vasey & Rose, 


Vor. X11] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1069 


Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:77. 1890.—Euphorbia watsoni 
Millsp., Zoe 1:347. 1891.—Chamesyce watsoni Millsp., Pub. 
Field Mus. Bot. 2:412. 1916.—Type locality: Magdalena 
Bay, Lower California. 

A dense, slender-stemmed shrub forming globose bushes 
4-10 dm. high. It grows most commonly in gravelly soil, but 
is not infrequent on rocky hillsides. The involucres are fre- 
quently deformed to form elongate cylindrical structures. 
According to Mr. Van Duzee these are characteristic ceci- 
domyid galls. On Ceralbo Island the plants were so browsed 
that they formed prostrate mats. The plant was seen on San 
Marcos (3647), Coronados, Carmen (3819, 3828), Danzante, 
Monserrate, Santa Cruz, San Diego (3931), San Josef, San 
Francisco (3960), Espiritu Santo (3997), and Ceralbo (4047, 
4061) islands; and at Mulegé (3661), Coyote Bay, Guadalupe 
Point (4153), San Nicolas Bay, Loreto, Escondido Bay, Agua 
Verde Bay, and La Paz (3035). It was also seen at San Pedro 
Bay in Sonora. Euphorbia blepharostipula from La Paz, and 
E. watsoni from Todos Santos are practically identical with 
material from Magdalena Bay. 


191. Euphorbia misera Benth. 


Euphorbia misera Benth., Bot. Sulph. 51. 1844.—Trichero- 
stigma miserum Ki. & Garcke, Abh. Akad. Berlin 1859*:41. 
1860.—Euphorbia benedictum Greene, Pittonia 1:263. 1889. 
—Tricherostigma benedictum Millsp., Addisonia 2:3, t.42. 
1917.—Type locality: San Diego, California. 

A stout, rather flexible-stemmed, erect-growing, very lacti- 
ferous shrub 6-12 dm. high. It was seen only at Tepoca Bay 
(3308) where it was common on the stony gently sloping plain 
back of the beach, and on San Marcos Island (3624) where it 
was frequent in a gypsum ravine. Euphorbia misera differs 
from £. californica Benth., the type of which came from Mag- 
dalena Bay, only in its pubescence, usually coarser stems, and 
generally more northerly range. The habit-difference is not 
always positive and some pubescent plants are slender-stemmed. 
Brandegee has a specimen, definitely referred to E. hindsiana 
by Millspaugh (Zoe 1:348. 1891), which comes from Magda- 
lena Island and which is as pubescent as topotypes of E. misera 


1070 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


from San Diego. Furthermore the original plate of E. cali- 
fornica (Bot. Sulph. t.23b) shows pubescence on the leaves and 
involucres. It is evident, therefore, that satisfactory charac- 
ters for the differentiation of E. misera and E. californica have 
yet to be pointed out. 


192. Euphorbia pediculifera var. involuta (Millsp.), n. comb. 


Euphorbia involuta Millsp., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:227. 
1889.—Chamesyce involuta Millsp., Pub. Field Mus. Bot. 
2:410. 1916. — Euphorbia conjuncta Millsp., Proc. Calif. 
Acad. Sci. II, 2:227. 1889.—Chamesyce conjuncta Millsp., 
Pub. Field Mus. Bot. 2:408. 1916.—T ype locality: Comon- 
du, Lower California. 

This variety was collected at San Luis Gonzales Bay (3331), 
Angel de la Guarda Island (4216), Tiburon Island (4265), 
San Marcos Island (3641), Coyote Bay (4412), Agua Verde 
Bay (3879), and Espiritu Santo Island (3991a). It is a canes- 
cent prostrate herbaceous plant usually growing in sandy 
washes. At San Marcos Island it was called “golondrina”. 
Millspaugh’s two species are evidently the same, and at best 
represent a small narrow-leaved form of pediculifera. Wat- 
son’s variety linearifolia (Proc. Am. Acad. 24:76. 1889) 
from Guaymas, differs from involuta in its much larger leaves, 
glabrate stems and foliage, and much more open habit of 
growth. The variety imvoluta seems to be the peninsular form 
of E. pediculifera, and, like the typical form, is characterized 
by cylindrical seeds with several strong encircling ridges. 


193. Euphorbia polycarpa Benth. 


Euphorbia polycarpa Benth., Bot. Sulph. 50. 1844.— 
Chamesyce polycarpa Millsp., Pub. Field Mus. Bot. 2:411. 
1916.—Euphorbia purisimana Millsp., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
II, 2:225. 1889.—Chamesyce purisimana Millsp., Pub. Field 
Mus. Bot. 2:411. 1916.—Euphorbia brandegei Millsp., Proc. 
Calif. Acad. Sci. IH, 2:226. 1889.—Chamesyce brandegeei 
Millsp., Pub. Field Mus. Bot. 2:408. 1916.—(?) Euphorbia 
pediculifera var. minor Millsp., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 
2:227. 1889.—Type locality: Magdalena Bay, Lower Cali- 
fornia. 


Vor. XIT] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1071 


The satisfactory delimitation of this species is extremely 
difficult, and, though the present treatment is the result of 
several days’ study, it is far from satisfying. The species is 
highly variable, presenting forms that vary from small to 
large, herbaceous to shrubby, slender to stout, and glabrous 
to variously pubescent, and have involucres varying from 
appendaged to unappendaged. It is evident that either a host 
of trivial “new species” should be described or that the accepted 
concept should be broadened to allow for more variation. The 
latter course is chosen. 

Typical E. polycarpa, judging from topotypes accumulated 
by Mr. Brandegee, is an open, very slender, almost delicate, 
prostrate, herbaceous, glabrous plant with evident white in- 
volucral appendages. Millspaugh’s E. brandegei, from the 
type locality of E. polycarpa, seems to be exactly typical E£. 
polycarpa, and the same seems also true of E. purisimana. 
Euphorbia pedicuhfera var. minor has nothing to do with 
pediculifera, but appears rather to be a polycarpa ally. It dif- 
fers from the slender forms of polycarpa in its short-villous 
vegetative parts. 

As here taken, E. polycarpa is not restricted to the slender 
form mentioned, which seems to occur only on and about the 
Magdalena Plain, but also includes the stouter forms common 
in the cape region as well as indistinguishable plants from 
southern California. These plants are glabrous or practically 
sO, sometimes inconspicuously glandular, and frequently glau- 
cous. In the gulf area this type of plant was found only south 
of Tortuga Island (3594), the region north of that point being 
occupied by forms which are quite pubescent. The series col- 
lected is very uniform. The most outstanding variation being 
a collection from Carmen Island (4148) which grew on the 
dunes at the Saltworks and became shrubby, forming rounded 
growths 37 cm. high and 5 dm. broad. Two collections from 
a hillside on Espiritu Santo Island (3977, 4005) have become 
somewhat shrubby below and simulate, if, indeed, they do 
not actually approach, E. carmenensis. The common forms 
found in the gulf area grew in sandy or gravelly soil producing 
herbaceous mats 5-35 cm. broad. (3056, 3072, 3594, 3666, 
3679, 3717, 3792, 3867, 3945, 3991, 4022, 4044, 4082, 4088, 
4152, 4166, 4325.) 


1072 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


194. Euphorbia polycarpa var. hirtella Boiss. 


Euphorbia polycarpa var. hirtella Boiss. in DC., Prodr. 
15:44. 1862.—Chamesyce polycarpa var. hirtella Millsp. in 
Parish, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. 193:110. 1913. — 
Chamesyce tonsita Millsp., Pub. Field Mus. Bot. 2:412. 1916. 
—Type locality: Given as “California”, but probably along 
the Gila River in Arizona. 

Perhaps this variety is restricted unduly in making it include 
only those non-insular plants of the northern gulf region which 
have a more or less dense spreading grayish pubescence. As 
here taken, the variety vestita differs only in its more densely 
appressed white pubescence, and the variety petrina differs 
only in its generally brown color and lack of involucral appen- 
dages. The varietal name “Mirtella” is with doubtful pro- 
priety applied to the present concept. The type of the variety 
hirtella is the Emory collection (cf. Bot. Mex. Bound. 186. 
1858) given as having come from the Gila River Valley, a 
locality from which only material of the variety vestita has 
been seen. At any rate, the plants referred to hirtella are simi- 
lar to those of the species in habits, affecting sandy or gravelly 
soil and forming prostrate mats. Material was collected at 
San Marcos (3639, 3642, 4180), San Luis (3316), and Tibu- 
ron (3262, 4264) islands; and from San Francisquito (3567), 
Las Animas (3495), Los Angeles (3447), San Luis Gonzales 
(3330), and Tepoca (3307) bays. Parish (10830) has similar 
material from Cottonwood Springs in the Colorado Desert. 


195. Euphorbia polycarpa var. petrina (Wats.), n. comb. 


Euphorbia petrina Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:75. 1889.— 
Chamesyce petrina Millsp., Pub. Field Mus. Bot. 2:411. 1916. 
—Type locality: San Pedro Martir Island. 

The claim of this form to the rank of variety, to say nothing 
of species, is very weak. The only characters by which it can — 
be separated from the variety hirtella are its small unappen- 
daged involucres and brown instead of grayish color of the 
whole plant. These characters, particularly the first men- 
tioned, separate the plants from San Pedro Martir (3155), 
South San Lorenzo (3531), Angel de la Guarda (3363, 3404, 
4213, 4239, 4417), San Esteban (3169), Partida (3237), and 


Vor, XII) JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1073 


Sal si Puedes (3524) islands and as well a peninsular speci- 
men collected by Brandegee at San Esteban. The segregation, 
however, is not always sharp and the characters not always 
concomitant; for example, in the Sal si Puedes specimens, the 
appendages are lacking and the leaves are grayish instead of 
brown in color. With two exceptions (4213, 4417) the speci- 
mens from San Esteban, South San Lorenzo, and Angel de la 
Guarda islands all hugged the ground very closely and have 
stiff absolutely prostrate stems and minute crowded brown 
leaves. The variety commonly grows in rocky ground on hill- 
sides. 


The following synopsis shows the relations and characters 
of the peninsular Euphorbias constituting the section Ani- 
sophyllum : 


Leaf margins serrate, crenate, or at least not entire. 
Annual herbs. 
Plants prostrate; leaves small, 4-8 mm. long............. E. hirtula 
Plants erect or ascending; leaves 8-40 mm. long. 
Inyolucres few, appendages lacerate; leaves 8-14 


IMM GlOM Gere erste ciel ore cseke eeeeed ere wan a isiniel iste amlalntene oe E. dentosa 
Involucres glomerate, appendages entire; leaves 15- 
40 mm. long. 
Leaves oblong, 8-17 mm. broad................. E. hyperictfolia 
Leaves linear or falcate, 4-6 mm. broad.......... E. brasiliensis 
Perennials. 


Involucres conspicuously appendaged, loosely ar- 
ranged in axils of upper leaves; canescent sea- 
shore plants with decumbent or widely spreading 
herbaceouswstemismas rene econ ieee cea E. leucophylla 
Involucres inconspicuously appendaged, in definite 
capitate clusters; brownish hillside plants with 
erect or ascending branches. 
A small shrub 2-8 dm. high; inflorescence loose; 


plant not simulating a labiate.................. E. tomentulosa 
A tufted plant 1-2 dm. high; inflorescence very 
dense; plant simulating a labiate............... E. pycnanthema 
Leaf margins entire. 
A bushy dense shrub 4-10 dm. high..................... E. magdalene 


Lowly herbaceous annuals or perennials, only occasion- 
ally woody below. 
Seeds globose, smooth; stems coarse, decidedly 
Blutinous | SCAShOreys owas vase ae se cine ceo cals alee E. incerta 


1074 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser. 


Seeds prismatic or cylindrical, usually definitely 
rugose; stems slender, not glutinous. 
Seeds cylindrical, completely encircled by 4 strong 


BPOOVES Tho cede Soe acloisiere cine site ee ia nee rene E, pediculifera 
Seeds prismatic, not completely encircled by 
grooves. 
Leaves large, 8-28 mm. long, 4-12 mm. wide...... E. peninsularis 


Leaves small to middle-sized, always less than 1 
cm. long and 8 mm. wide. 
Involucres in capitate clusters. 
Plants glabrate, slender; leaves oblong; ap- 


Pendages Entine si. a..0<000c ei crcsieiecisin molec ae E. capitellata 
Plants hirsute, stouter; leaves ovate; ap- 
pendages lobed.............0ceeeeeeceees E. chamberlini 


Involucres loosely arranged, not crowded into 
capitate clusters. 
Annuals; appendages lacerate...........-...... E. schizoloba 
Perennials; appendages entire. 
Leaves oblong, 2-6 mm. long, 1-2 mm. wide; 
plants usually with cecidomyid galls... E. carmenensis 
Leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, 2-11 mm. 
long, 1.5-8 mm. wide; plants uninfested 
by cecidomyids. 
Pubescence rather sparse, spreading; ap- 


pendages large, usually colored......... E. arizonica 
Pubescence if present rather short and 
dense. 
Piantyelabrateeemacecerere ere tite E. polycarpa 


Plant evidently pubescent. 
Pubescence appressed, clean and white...E. p. vestita 
Pubescence spreading, sordid or dark. 
Appendages evident; plant ashy....... E. p. hirtella 
Appendages lacking; plant brownish... p. petrina 


196. Euphorbia tomentulosa Wats. 


Euphorbia tomentulosa Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 22:476, 
1887.—Chamesyce tomentulosa Millsp., Pub. Field Mus. Bot. 
2:412. 1916.—Type locality: Rosario, Lower California. 

A small, erect-growing, flat-topped, rather open bush 2-8 
dm. high, which is of infrequent occurrence on hillsides, rocky 
benches, and gravelly washes. It was seen on Tiburon (4276), 
Carmen (3801, 4147), and Espiritu Santo (3993) islands; 
and at San Carlos (4371), San Pedro (4324), Coyote (4174, 
4175), San Nicolas (3727), Loreto (3783), and San Evaristo 
(4094) bays. 


Vor. X11] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1075 


197. Euphorbia xanti Engelm. 


Euphorbia xanti Engelm. in Boiss., DC., Prodr. 15°:62. 
1862.—Euphorbia gymnoclada Engelm., Proc. Am. Acad. 
§:171. 1861—Aklema sxanti Millsp., Pub. Field Mus. Bot. 
2:417. 1916.—T ype locality: Cape San Lucas, Lower Cali- 
fornia. 

Collected only at San Francisquito Bay (3551, 3559) and 
on Tortuga Island (3609), where at the former station it was 
infrequent and local along a shallow sandy draw near the 
shore, and at the latter very abundant on lava slopes about 
the east rim of the crater. A few bushes were seen in sandy 
soil at San Nicolas Bay and some on a cafion side in the Sierra 
Giganta back of Escondido Bay. It is usually a more or less 
erectly-branched, broom-like shrub 15-25 dm. high, but at times 
divaricately branched and forming low rounded bushes, or 
more frequently supported by brush or cacti and forming 
intricate globose masses a meter or more above ground. The 
leaves are glabrous, ternate, early deciduous, and vary from 
linear to ovate in outline. The involucral appendages are 
white at first, but later turn pink. 


198. Jatropha canescens Muell. Arg. 


Jatropha canescens Muell. Arg. in DC., Prodr. 15°:1079. 
1866.—Mozinna canescens Benth., Bot. Sulph. 52, t. 25. 1844. 
—Type locality: Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 

A shrub or small tree with ascending branches, 15-35 dm. 
high. The plant is typical of sandy soils. Its rather flexible 
branches appear to drop their leaves during the summer 
months. On the peninsula it was frequent northward at least 
to Loreto (3782). In Sonora it was seen at Kino Point 
(4288), San Pedro Bay, San Carlos Bay (4355), and 


Guaymas. 


199. Jatropha spathulata var. sessiliflora (Hook.) Muell. Arg. 


Jatropha spathulata var. sessiliflora Muell. Arg. in DC., 
Prodr. 157:1082. 1866.—Mozinna spathulata var. sessilifora 
Hook., Icones 4: t. 357. 1841.—Type locality: Zacatecas. 


1076 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser, 


Ubiquitous in the gulf area, growing with equal frequency 
in alluvial soils and on hillsides. It is an open shrub 14-18 dm. 
high composed of rather numerous ascending stems which are 
loosely branched and form a flat top. The limbs are quite 
flexible and the twigs are heavily spurred. The juice is brown- 
ish. The leaves being shed after the growing season, only 
naked plants were found. A few flowers were seen at San 
Pedro Bay (4328) where they had appeared following a light 
shower that had occurred a week previous. The shrub was 
usually common at each station, but was not found on the fol- 
lowing islands,—San Pedro Nolasco, San Pedro Martir, 
Patos, Georges, San Luis, Raza, Sal si Puedes, North San 
Lorenzo, Santa Inez, and Ildefonso. 


200. Manihot angustiloba (Torr.) Muell. Arg. 


Manthot angustiloba Muell. Arg. in DC., Prodr. 15?:1073. 
1866.—Janipha manihot var. angustiloba Torr. Bot. Mex. 
Bound. 199. 1857.—Type locahty: Santa Cruz, Sonora. 

A lactiferous, weak, very openly and little branched shrub 
9-12 dm. high. A few plants were found growing on the 
bed of a narrow cafion at San Carlos Bay (4738). 


201. Pedilanthus macrocarpus Benth. 


Pedilanthus macrocarpus Benth., Bot. Sulph. 49, t. 23a. 
1844.—Hexadenia macrocarpa K\. & Garcke, Abh. Akad. Ber- 
lin 1859*:107. 1860.—T ype locality: Magdalena Bay, Lower 
California. 

A coarse-stemmed leafless plant which forms rank clumps 
6-12 dm. high. It occasionally grows in sandy soil but appears 
to prefer rocky hillsides. The plant is very milky and is dif- 
ficult to dry. The involucres and fruit are bright red. It was 
noted at La Paz, Espiritu Santo Island, San Evaristo Bay, San 
Nicolas Bay, San Francisquito Bay (3549), and San Pedro 
Nolasco Island (3124). 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1077 


202. Sapium biloculare (Wats.) Pax 


Sapium biloculare Pax in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4*47%:153. 1912. 
—Sebastiana bilocularis Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 20:374. 1885. 
—Type locality: Between Rayon and Ures, Sonora. 

Found at Guaymas (3098), San Carlos Bay, San Pedro 
Bay (4332), and Tiburon Island (4277). At Guaymas grow- 
ing on a steep hillside, but at the other stations on gravelly 
washes. It is an upright shrub or small tree 17-30 dm. high, 
and seemed to be nowhere abundant. 


203. Sapium biloculare var. amplum, n. var. 


Leaves large, blade 4-7 cm. long and 1-3 cm. wide; spikes 
usually longer than in the species. 

Type: No. 1289, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected May 19, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3772) on a sandy plain at Loreto, 
Lower California. 

This plant was seen only at Guadalupe Point (4161), Loreto 
(3772), and Agua Verde Bay where it grew on gravelly plains 
and formed a large shrub or small tree 25-45 dm. high. At 
Loreto it was called “yerba de flecha” and was the only green 
tree left untouched by woodcutters and cattle. This variety 
includes all the peninsular plants formerly referred to the 
species, and of which Goldman (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 
16:343. 1916) has given interesting data. It differs from 
the Sonoran plant in having leaves at least twice as large and 
proportionately much broader, and in having its spikelets 
averaging a little longer. 


XLVI. BuxacE& 
204. Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider 


Simmondsia chinensis Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 
2:141. 1907.—Buzxus chinensis Link, Enum. Pl. 2:386. 1822. 
Simmondsia californica Nutt., London Jour. Bot. 3:400, t. 16. 
1844.—Brocchia dichotoma Mauri, Cat. Ort. Napol. 80. 1845. 
—Simmondsia pabulosa Kell., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2:21. 
Jan. 1860.—Galphimia pabulosa Kell., Hesperian 4: plate fac- 


1078 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Serr. 


ing p. 392. Nov. 1860.—Type locality: Given as doubtfully 
from China, but probably from San Diego, California. 

A common and wide-spread, but not very conspicuous, shrub 
10-15 dm. high. It frequents gravelly cafion floors and rocky 
slopes. On the peninsular side of the gulf (3580, 4403) it 
was seen at practically every station south of Los Angeles 
Bay, and on the Sonoran side at Guaymas, San Pedro Nolasco 
Island (3129), San Pedro Bay, Kino Point, and Tiburon 
Island (3275). 

Link’s misleading name unmistakably applies to our plant 
and as it is over 20 years older than Nuttall’s there seems to 
be no other course than to accept it. Link described his plant 
as having solitary female flowers with lanceolate sepals, char- 
acters which exclude it from Buxus and clearly show its appli- 
cation to Simmondsia. Further proof of its identity is found 
in the fact that Mueller (DC., Prodr. 16*:23. 1869), who saw 
authentic material pronounced S. chinensis and S. californica 
to be the same. 


XLVII. ANACARDIACER 
205. Cyrtocarpa edulis (Brandg.) Standley 


Cyrtocarpa edulis Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23:659. 
1923.—Tapirira edulis Brandg., Zoe 5:78. 1900.—T ype local- 
ity: San José del Cabo, Lower California. 

A heavy-limbed, spreading tree which is most common on 
sandy or gravelly plains, but which is not infrequent on rocky 
hillsides. It was observed at San Josef Island (3938, 3939), 
San Evaristo Bay, Espiritu Santo Island, La Paz (4016), and 
Ceralbo Island (4034). The framework of the tree suggests 
that of a Bursera or a Veatchia. It has a smooth yellowish 
papery bark. The common height of the tree is 12-25 dm., 
and the usual breadth is twice that much. Large trees, like 
those seen on San Josef Island, become 3-6 m. high. The 
flowers are polygamo-dicecious and usually appear before the 
leaves. At La Paz and San Evaristo the tree was called 
“ciruela.” 


Vor. XII) JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1079 


206. Weatchia discolor (Benth.) Brandg. 


Veatchia discolor Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:140. 
1889.—Schinus discolor Benth., Bot. Sulph. 11, t. 9. 1844.— 
Pachycormus discolor Cov. in Goldman, Contr. U. S. Nat. 
Herb. 16:344. 1916.—T ype locality: Magdalena Bay, Lower 
California. 

A small colony of this species was found in the Sierra 
Giganta back of Escondido Bay (4129) where it was growing 
on a rocky cafion side at about 540 m. altitude. The trees 
were similar in form and habit to those found further north, 
but had milky instead of brownish juice. The collection 
agrees in size, pubescence of flower, and in size of leaf with 
those found about Magdalena Bay, but differs in having a more 
ample inflorescence. 

In the past only a single form of Veatchia has been recog- 
nized, but it is quite evident that there are three geographical 
variants included in the old V. discolor. One of the important 
characters of the restricted V. discolor is its comparatively 
large leaves. In typical discolor well developed leaves, which 
Bentham’s type apparently does not show, are 6-8 cm. long 
and 25-35 mm. wide, or in other words a third larger than in 
any other Veatchia variant. The corolla is a little larger than 
in the variety pubescens and conspicuously smaller than the 
reddish pubescent corolla of the variety veatchiana. The 
restricted discolor is known only from Santa Margarita and 
Magdalena islands on the west coast, and from slopes of the 
Sierra Giganta near the east coast of the peninsula. The 
range is therefore south of N. lat. 26°. Brandegee’s description 
(loc. cit.) only partly concerns the delimited discolor, the larger 
part, especially the floral structure, being based on specimens 
of var. pubescens. The name Pachycormus discolor was first 
published in the Century Dictionary (rev. ed. 10:6708. 1911), 
but as no authority is given there for the new generic name or 
for the combination that publication can hardly be accepted. 


207. Veatchia discolor var. pubescens (Wats.), n. comb. 


Bursera pubescens Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:44. 1889.— 
Type locality: Los Angeles Bay, Lower California. 


1080 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser. 


Seen only.on Angel de la Guarda Island (3362, 3366, 3400) 
and at Los Angeles Bay (3432). This tree was one of the 
most striking of the floral features on the northern part of 
Angel de la Guarda Island, forming groves on the north-facing 
slopes where the white-barked individual trees—leafless during 
our visit—were sharply contrasted against the brown volcanic 
rocks and conspicuous for some distance off shore. At Los 
Angeles Bay it was frequent on the gravelly plain facing the 
bay, and somewhat less common on the slopes of the near-by 
mountains. 

The plant is dicecious and is deciduous. It is leafless, though 
frequently flowering, during the dry seasons. The tree is 
weird and interesting. Its trunk is stout and the limbs very 
heavy for their length, commonly crooked, and widely spread- 
ing. Nelson (Nat. Geogr. Mag. 22:463. 1911) has applied 
to the tree the adjective “dropsical’’ which most aptly conveys 
the impression of weird massiveness so characteristic of the 
plant. The wood is very brash, limbs a full decimeter thick 
being easily broken. Upon the death of the tree the wood 
quickly softens and decays within the more persistent bark, and 
the whole tree, with all its limbs attached, sinks to the ground 
and flattens out as if deflated. According to Rose (Contr. U. 
S. Nat. Herb. 1:318. 1895) the bark is used for tanning, but 
certainly the wood is too soft and ephemeral for much use. A 
hard stick may be thrust into a limb for a depth of 15 mm. All 
the old wood is covered with a tight, white, smooth, papery 
bark that annually peels off in large parchment-like pieces. 
Injury to the tree results in the flow of a reddish-brown sap 
which, when coming from a smooth, plump, white-skinned 
branch, makes the whole startlingly like a bleeding human 
limb. The average height of the tree is between 3 and 5 m., 
with the average breadth slightly less. The largest tree seen 
(source of number 3366) was 7 m. high and 9 m. broad; the 
trunk was 6 dm. in diameter near its top about 3 dm. above the 
ground. 

Veatchia discolor var. pubescens was first described by 
Watson who mistook sterile specimens for an undescribed 
Bursera. It is the most widely distributed of the varieties of 
V. discolor and is probably the best known. It ranges over the 
north middle segment of the peninsula between N. lat. 27° 


Vor. XIT] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1081 


and 30°, and is characterized by its very loose deltoid inflores- 
cence of small flowers, by its rather small leaves, and perhaps 
also by its brownish sap. The plates and most of the notes 
given by Goldman (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16:344, t. 118. 
1916) refer to the variety pubescens. 


208. Veatchia discolor var. veatchiana (Kell.), n. comb. 


Rhus veatchiana Kell., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2:24. 1860.— 
Veatchia cedrosensis Gray, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1:4. 1884. 
—Type locality: Cedros Island, off west coast of Lower Cali- 
fornia. 

This variety is definitely known only from Cedros Island, 
but the Veatchia that Brandegee (Zoe 5:24. 1900) reports 
from Natividad Island may be the same. Veatch gave an 
interesting account of the plant in the Hesperian (p. 50) for 
April, 1860 (Brandegee, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:141. 
1889 makes the article more accessible by copying it nearly 
verbatim) ; and Greene (Pittonia 1:198. 1888) gives more in- 
teresting details in his account of Cedros Island. The Cedros 
Island plant has large flowers (6 mm. long) which surpass 
the largest flowers on peninsular material by nearly 2 mm. 
The flowers are also very much coarser, more colored, and 
conspicuously more pubescent than in the other forms of 
Veatchia discolor. The inflorescence seems to be quite dense 
and oblong in outline, while the leaves are very small, the larg- 
est being only 15 mm. wide and 5 cm. long. Comments by 
Greene and Veatch indicate that the juice is milky and that 
perhaps the bark is more darkly colored than in pubescens, but 
a piece of wood on a sheet (Rose 16105) in the National 
Herbarium has contrary indications. Although exact dates 
can not be given, it seems quite certain that the publication of 
Rhus veatchiana in the Proceedings of the California Academy 
of Sciences antedates by several months the publication in the 
Hesperian. It should be noted in this variety, as in the other 
forms of the species, that the petals are erect and not spreading 
as shown in Kellogg’s plate in the Hesperian (duplicated in 
Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: t. 10. 1885) or in Bentham’s plate 
in the Botany of the Voyage of the Sulphur (t. 9. 1844). 


1082 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Sen. 


XLVIII. CELASTRACEX 
209. Maytenus phyllanthoides Benth. 


Maytenus phyllanthoides Benth., Bot. Sulph. 54. 1844.— 
Type locality: Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 

A very common and characteristic shrub of alkaline or 
subalkaline soils. It usually grows about saltflats or on beaches 
a short distance above high tide. Along the Sonoran coast 
it was observed at the south end of Tiburon Island (4279), 
Kino Point, San Pedro Bay, and San Carlos Bay. On the 
peninsular side of the gulf it occurred at every one of the sta- 
tions, excepting only Santa Inez and Ildefonso islands, south 
of Tortuga Island (3049, 3656, 4139). On Tortuga Island it 
formed a small colony on a barren lava slope a short distance 
below the west crater-rim. The plant is a thick-leaved, very 
dense shrub which is usually about 2 m. high but which some- 
times attains 3 m. in height. The bark is rather smooth, dark, 
and conspicuously glaucous. The flowers are inconspicuous 
and greenish, but when the numerous greenish-red capsules 
are mature the exposed red aril makes the plant very striking. 
It was called “mangle” at La Paz. 


XLIX. SapinDAcEz 
210. Cardiospermum corindum L. 


Cardiospermum cormdum L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 526. 1762.— 
Cardiospermum palmeri Vasey & Rose, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 
13:147. 1890.—Type locality: Brazil. 

This is a frequent vine which trails over shrubbery growing 
in washes. Collections were made at Guaymas (3108), Tibu- 
ron Island (3248, 4262), San Francisquito Bay (3558), Car- 
men Island (3824), Escondido Bay (4138), and Ceralbo 
Island (4063). With the exception of the Guaymas and the 
first cited Tiburon collection which are merely puberulent, and 
the Ceralbo collection which has pubescent fruit, the collections 
represent typical C. palmeri. Radlkofer (Martius, Fl. Brasil. 
13:447. 1897) refers palmeri to C. corindum forma loxense. 
The peninsular plants are very variable as Brandegee (Proc. 
Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 3:122. 1891) has pointed out. 


Vor. XII} JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1083 


211. Cardiospermum halicacabum L. 


Cardiospermum halicacabum L., Sp. Pl. 366. 1753.—T ype 
locality: Jamaica. 

An herbaceous vine growing in gravelly soil and climbing 
over shrubs. It was collected at San Nicolas Bay (3703) and 
Guadalupe Point (4159). Referred to the species also is a 
collection from Magdalena Bay by Lung, and a Brandegee col- 
lection from San Gregorio. The four collections mentioned 
are glabrous or practically so. Radlkofer (Martius, Fl. 
Brasil. 13:432. 1897) keys C. halicacabum from C. corindum 
by giving the former as herbaceous and with seeds which have 
a large cordate-bilobed hilum, and the latter as being shrubby 
and with seeds which have a small suborbicular or emarginate 
hilum. The habit and seed characters do not vary together, 
and furthermore fail to show a decided tendency to be extreme 
and positive. It would seem that corindum is only a pubescent 
phase of halicacabum. 


212. Dodonza viscosa (L.) Jacq. 


Dodonea viscosa Jacq., Enum. Pl. Carib. 19. 1760.— 
Ptelea viscosa L., Sp. Pl. 118. 1753.—Type locality: West 
Indies. 

Collected at San Pedro Bay (4319) where a single plant was 
found in a cafion, and at Escondido Bay (3849) where it is 
frequent on a diluvial plain at the foot of the Sierra Giganta. 
It is a resinous glutinous shrub 15-20 dm. high, with rather 
close erect branches. The Escondido Bay collection, apparently 
like all other peninsular material, represents the broad-leaved 
variety spathulata Benth., whereas the San Pedro Bay collec- 
tions agree with the Arizonian and Sonoran material in being 
the narrow-leaved variety angustifolia Benth. 


213. Paullinia spinosa (Radlk.), n. comb. 


Cardiospermum spinosum Radlk., Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 
1:368. 1895.—Type locality: La Paz, Lower California. 

A low, rounded, compact, spinescent shrub 6-9 dm. high, 
which is rather common on the rocky hillsides near the ocean 
at La Paz (3047). This plant was doubtfully referred to P. 


1084. CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


tortuosa by Vasey and Rose (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:68. 
1890). Brandegee (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 3:123. 1891) 
recognized its true generic relations, but ventured no specific 
determinations. The shrub is undoubtedly a Paullinia and 
nearest to, but quite distinct from, tortuosa, from which it dif- 
fers conspicuously in its stouter, more thorny stems and larger 
ternate leaves. 

There is another bushy Paullinia in Lower California. It 
was first collected by Xantus and was indicated as “Cardiosper- 
mum ? sp. nov.” by Gray (Proc. Am. Acad. 5:155. 1861). 
Watson (Bibl. Index 79. 1878) referred the plant to “Cardio- 
Spermum tortuosum,” but Radlkofer (Sitzungbr. Bayer. Akad. 
Munchen 8:222. 1878) considered it a Serjania and described 
it as S. californica. In 1890 the plant was collected at San 
‘José del Cabo by Brandegee who, like Xantus, found it only 
in flower. A study of the Brandegee and the Xantus collec- 
itons seems to show that the plant is definitely a Paullinia, for 
the habit, foliage, and range all indicate a close relative of P. 
tortuosa and P. spinosa, whereas its association under Serjania 
is based only on the resemblance of some scraps of the Xantus 
collection to a species of Serjania which is geographically much 
removed. It is proposed, therefore, that the plant be called 
Paullinia californica, n. comb. The nearest relative of P. cali- 
fornica is P. spinosa, from which it differs in its 5 leaflets and 
much looser and less stiff habit. From P. tortuosa it differs 
notably in its less deeply cut glabrate leaves. 


214. Paullinia tortuosa (Benth.) Brandg. 


Paullinia tortuosa Brandg., Zoe 2:74. - 1891.—Cardiosper- 
mum tortuosum Benth., Bot. Sulph. 8, t. 6. 1844.—T ype local- 
ity: Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 

Typical representatives of this species were found in a 
gravelly wash on Ceralbo Island (4031) where it formed an 
open bush 6-9 dm. high. The only previous collections are 
from San José del Cabo and from Magdalena Island. The 
sterile bushy and uncollected Paullinia observed in the rocky 
draws on Espiritu Santo Island is probably this species, but 
may be P. spinosa. 


Vox. XII) JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1085 


215. Sapindus saponaria L. 


Sapindus saponaria L., Sp. Pl. 367. 1753.—T ype locality: 
Brazil. 

Locally frequent on a gravelly cafion floor at the head of 
San Carlos Bay (4346). It is a tree 3-6 m. high with rather 
stout trunk and strictly ascending branches. The vigorous 
shoots have simple lanceolate leaves, and not pinnate ones as 
have the older branches. Although the plant is usually de- 
scribed as evergreen, the plants seen were certainly deciduous, 
for only a few stray branches had adhering leaves at the time 
of collecting. 


L. RHAMNACEX 
216. Colubrina californica, n. sp. 


A rather dense shrub about 2 m. high with intricate and 
rigidly divaricate terete gray-tomentose branches; leaves 
fascicled, oblong-obovate to obovate, 10-17 mm. long, 8-11 
mm. wide, margin entire, base rounded or broadly cuneate, 
tip obtuse to broadly mucronate, veining pinnate, dull in color 
due to a short appressed pubescence which is most abundant 
on veins and midrib; petioles 1-1.5 mm.long,densely pubescent ; 
flowers in dense axillary clusters crowded on the younger 
twigs to form a close narrow leafy thryse 2-5 cm. long and 
about 1 cm. wide; pedicels less than 1.5 mm. long and densely 
tomentose in flower, in fruit becoming stouter and about 2 
mm. long; calyx tomentose without, lobes broadly deltoid, 
widely spreading and tardily deciduous; tube adherent to 
ovary and filled by the broad disk; expanded calyx about 4.5 
mm. wide; petals clawed, yellowish, 1 mm. long, a little ex- 
ceeding the stamens; anthers shielded by cucullate blade of 
petal ; capsule strongly depressed, obovate, 6 mm. high, 1 cm. 
broad shallowly grooved; seeds brown, 6 mm. long, smooth. 

Type: No. 1290, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected May 8, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3496) on a gravelly cafion floor 
at Las Animas Bay, Lower California. 

This is an infrequent shrub on the gravelly floor of a large 
canon in the hills just south of Las Animas Bay (3496) 
where only a single plant was seen in flower. It is otherwise 


1086 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES {Proc. 47H Ser. 


known only from a specimen in the National Herbarium (NVel- 
son& Goldman 7197) from“Aguajé de San Esteban, 25 miles N. 
of San Ignacio.” The plant forms a dense intricately branched 
shrub with stiff, almost spinose branches, and is dull in color, 
globose in shape, and 15-25 dm. high. Its relationships ap- 
pear to be with C. texana Gray, and with C. glabra Wats., 
but it differs from both in its inflorescence, short pedicels, 
persistent style, and more compact habit of growth. From 
C. texana, which ranges east of the continental divide, it dif- 
fers in its smaller, entire-margined, less venose, not 3-nerved 
leaves; and from C. glabra, which grows in the same region, 
it differs in its pubescence, its rigid habit, and in its very much 
larger fruit. The white tomentum which clothes the stems 
of C. californica at once distinguishes it from all of the other 
known Colubrinas of the gulf area. 


217. Colubrina glabra Wats. 


Colubrina glabra Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:44. 1889.— 
Type locality: Ravines about Guaymas, Sonora. 

A common, but unobtrusive, shrub in the gulf area which 
was rarely collected due to its sterile and almost leafless 
condition during the summer months. It was collected at San 
Pedro Nolasco Island (3136), Tiburon Island (3273), San 
Esteban Island (3197), San Francisquito Bay (3583), and 
Ceralbo Island (4045). It was recognized on the following 
islands: Angel de la Guarda, Tortuga, San Marcos, Carmen, 
Catalina, Santa Cruz, San Josef, and Espiritu Santo and at 
the following bays: San Pedro, Las Animas, San Nicolas, 
Coyote, Escondido, and Agua Verde. The plant frequents 
cafions, grows in gravelly or rocky soil, and usually forms 
an open bush about 25 dm. high. The Ceéralbo plant was a 
very compact, twiggy globose mass about a meter high, prob- 
ably due to the cattle which were ubiquitous in the particular 
locality. 


218. Condalia globosa, n. sp. 


Shrub 12-24 dm. high, with intricate and very sharply 
pungent branches; younger branches reddish, pruinose; older 
branches grayish or brownish; leaves narrowly spatulate, 


Vou. XII} JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1087 


fasciculate, broadly acute to emarginate, entire, short petio- 
late, glabrous, 7-14 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, with a few 
broad prominent veins below; pedicels solitary or geminate, 
slender, 4-7 mm. long ; sepals deciduous, flowers otherwise as in 
C. spathulata; fruit more or less spherical, black, juicy, 4-5.5 
mm. broad. 

Type: No. 1291, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected April 11, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3028) on a gravelly beach at La 
Paz, Lower California. 

The typical glabrous form of this new species was taken 
only at La Paz (3028), San Josef Island (3941), and Guay- 
mas (3106), but the plants observed at San Evaristo Bay and 
on Ceralbo Island are probably the same. Brandegee has col- 
lections from San Luis, San Sebastian, Purisima, and Monte- 
cito; and Purpus has taken it at Arroyo Calmalli (77) and 
San José del Cabo (468). The plant is infrequent and forms 
intricate very spinescent upright shrubs about 15 dm. high. 
It grows in sandy or gravelly soil. The shrub is extremely 
prolific and is usually covered with myriads of black juicy 
fruits. The rigid spines make the collecting of the plant a 
very disagreeable, not to say painful, task. It is very closely 
allied to C. spathulata, with which the peninsular material has 
heen confused, but differs in its black juicy globose fruit, longer 
pedicels, deciduous sepals, and glabrous usually larger leaves. 


219. Condalia globosa var. pubescens, n. var. 


Leaves as in the species but densely short pubescent. 

Type: No. 1292, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected April 19, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3201) in a sandy wash on San 
Esteban Island, Gulf of California. 

This variety is only the northern pubescent phase of the 
species, and seems to grow in the territory which is geo- 
graphically intermediate between that occupied by C. globosa 
and C. spathulata. Collections of the variety were made at 
San Esteban Island (3201, 4404), San Francisquito Bay 
(3585), and Tepoca Bay. 

There is a very different species of Condalia which Brande- 
gee collected at San Pablo and at San Julio Cafion, and which 
Trelease (Syn. Fl. N. Am. 1:403. 1897) referred to as an 


1088 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser, 


atypical form of C. mexicana. The plant in question is very 
distinct from mexicana, which has smaller fasciculate pube- 
scent leaves, a more compact habit, and smaller fruit. ‘The 
peninsular plant may therefore be called Condalia brandegei, 
n. sp. Its relations seem to be definitely with C. obovata, but 
it differs in having larger oblong long-pedicellate fruit, fewer 
firmer leaves, and a widely separated range. C. brandeget 
also suggests C. parryi, but differs in the texture of its leaves, 
and in the smaller short-pedicellate more juicy fruit. 


220. Condalia lycioides var. canescens (Gray) Trel. 


Condalia lycioides var. canescens Trel. in Gray, Syn. FI. 
N. Am. 1:403. 1897.—Zizyphus lycioides var. canescens 
Gray in Rothrock, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. w. 100th Merid. 
6:82. 1878.—Condalia divaricata Nels., Bot. Gaz. 47 :427. 
1909.—T ype locality: Gila River Valley, Arizona. 

This homely, spinescent shrub was collected at La Paz 
(3025), San Esteban Island (3202), Tiburon Island (3256, 
4272), and Tepoca Bay (3305). ~ It grows on dry rocky 
benches or along gravelly cafions, forming a loosely, intricate 
upright shrub 10-18 dm. high. At La Paz it was called 
“fachada” by a small boy. 


221. Gouania mexicana Rose 


Gouania mexicana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3:314. 
1895.—T ype locality: Culiacan, Sinaloa. 

Locally frequent and loosely scandent over large shrubs in 
a cafion at the head of San Carlos Bay (4375). 


222. Karwinskia humboldtiana (R. & S.) Zucc. 


Karwinskia humboldtiana Zucc., Abh. Akad. Mtnchen 
1:353. 1832.—Rhamnus humboldtiana R. & S., Syst. 5:295. 
1819.—Karwinskia pubescens Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. 
Herb. 23:716. 1923.—Type locality: Mexico. 

Collected on Espiritu Santo (3961) and Ceralbo (4068) 
islands, and at Agua Verde (3889) and Escondido (4109) 
bays. It is usually a loose erect-growing shrub or small tree 


oS 


Vor. XIT) : JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1089 


20-25 dm. high, which grows in gravelly ground along cafions, 
but on Espiritu Santo Island it occurred also on the exposed 
mesa-like ridges and formed compact, unkempt, twiggy masses 
10-15 dm. high. The bark is furrowed. 


223. Zizyphus sonorensis Wats. 


Zizyphus sonorensis Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:44. 1889. 
—Type locality: Guaymas, Sonora. 

Common about the margins of salt marshes at Guaymas 
(3116) and San Carlos Bay, forming small scattered thickets 
18-20 dm. high. At San Pedro Bay (4311) a single colony 
was found growing under the shelter of a cliff in a cafion well 
back from the ocean. 


LI. VitTacEz 
224. Vitis girdiana Munson 


Vitis girdiana Munson, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Pomol. Bull. 
3:10. 1890.—T ype locality: Southern California. 

The grape doubtfully referred to this species grew in great 
profusion over the trees and rocks in the large cafion in the 
Sierra Giganta back of Escondido Bay (4121). It grew on 
the cafion floor along a small stream which ran down to about 
350 m. altitude. Brandegee’s collections from the cape region 
appear to represent a form with smaller, less dentate and more 
pubescent leaves, but his Comondt collection, while more 
pubescent, has leaves of similar size and shape. The collection 
is in full fruit, whereas Brandegee’s are in flower only. 


LI. MatvacEz& 
225. Abutilon lemmoni Wats. 


Abutilon lemmoni Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 20:357. 1885. 
—Type locahty: Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona. 

Doubtfully referred here are plants from San Francisquito 
Bay (3584) and from Freshwater Bay on Tiburon Island 
(3272). : 


1090 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser. 


226. Abutilon nuttallii T. & G. 


Abutilon nuttallu T. & G., Fl. N. Am. 1:231. 1838.—T ype 
locality: On the Red River. 

A few plants apparently of this species were observed on 
Tortuga Island (4189). They formed rounded, rather dense 
growths 5-12 dm. high and grew on a dry lava slope. 


227. Abutilon palmeri Gray 


Abutilon palmeri Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7:289. 1870.— 
Abutilon aurantiacum Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 20:357. 1885. 
—Abutilon macdougalii Rose & Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. 
Herb. 16:13, t.4. 1912—Type locality: Yaqui River, 
Sonora. 

One of the common plants in rocky ground over the higher 
parts of San Pedro Martir Island (3158) where it grows as a 
loosely branched perennial, 7-12 dm. high. It is also frequent 
in washes at Puerto Ballandra on Carmen Island (3831) 
where it becomes 9-15 dm. high. The flowers are orange. 
Abutilon palmeri seems identical with A. macdougalu. The 
seed and inflorescence developments which characterize A. 
aurantiacum, seem to be influenced by age and are therefore 
valueless. 


228. Gossypium barbadense L. 


Gossypium barbadense L.,Sp. Pl. 693. 1753.—Type local- 
ity: Barbados. 

A common cultivated tree in the patios at Mulegé (3699) 
and to some extent naturalized in the meadows along the river. 
It is a large very floriferous shrub or small tree 25-45 dm. 
high. Upon opening, the petals are creamy yellow with a 
maroon spot near the base, but after anthesis they become rose- 
colored. 


229. Gossypium davidsonii Kell. 


Gossypium davidsonti Kell., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 5:82. 
1873.—T ype locality: San José del Cabo, Lower California. 
Collected only at San Pedro Bay (4321) where it is fre- 
quent on the gravelly plain fronting the ocean. The pubescent 


Vor. XIT] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1091 


cotton plants observed on Ceralbo Island are no doubt the 
same. Watt (Cotton Pl. World 66. 1907) suggests that the 
Sonoran plant is distinct from the one on the peninsula, as his 
specimen of Palmer 244 has smaller bracts and frequently 
toothed leaves. The specimen of Palmer 244 in the Herbarium 
of University of California actually has larger bracts than has 
any of the five collections from San José del Cabo, the type 
locality of the species, and is entire margined, whereas two of 
the San José del Cabo collections show inclinations toward a 
coarsely three-toothed condition. According to Goldman 
(Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16:348. 1916) the species is common 
at low elevations in the cape region, and from there it extends, 
according to Brandegee (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:136. 
1889), northward along the Pacific shore to San Gregorio. 
Watson (Bot. Calif. 1:82. 1876) reports the species from 
Cedros Island, but the record is to be doubted for there is no 
Cedros Island material in the Gray Herbarium and none of 
the later collectors on Cedros Island has found it. There is 
in the Gray Herbarium a collection of G. harknessi from 
Carmen Island which, through miscitation, probably is the 
basis for the Cedros Island record. San Pedro Bay and 
Guaymas are the only known stations for the species in Sonora. 


230. Gossypium harknessii Brandg. 


Gossypium harknessii Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 
2:136. 1889.—T ype locality: Santa Margarita Island. 

Cotton of this species was seen on San Marcos (3645), 
Coronados, Carmen (3805, 4144), and Monserrate islands; 
and at San Nicolas Bay, Loreto (3789), and Escondido Bay. 
It forms a flat-topped, loosely intricate shrub about 9 dm. high 
and 10-15 dm. broad. Common on rocky benches and par- 
ticularly on gravelly washes. The bush has a clean glabrous 
and frequently glaucous foliage, and an abundance of bright 
yellow flowers. It is a very ornamental shrub and is much 
more handsome than G. davidsonii. The corolla is lemon- 
yellow with a maroon spot above the claw on each petal and 
with the outer petals more or less maroon flushed. Old 
withered flowers are rose-colored. Bruised flowers become 


1092 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H SER. 


greenish when dried. On Carmen and San Marcos islands 
the plant is called “algodon cimarron’. Away from the gulf 
shore of the peninsula the plant is known only from about the 
type locality on Santa Margarita Island. 


Gossypium sp. 


Specimens of an undetermined cotton were collected from a 
few bushes growing on a sandy clearing at La Paz (3065). 
The plants were shrubby with strict tufted stems 12-24 dm. 
high, and were pointed out by a small boy as “algodon”. The 
petals are cream-colored and non-spreading. The striking fea- 
tures of the plant are its 1- to 3-lobed leaves, very large (4-6 
cm. long) deeply lacerate bracts, and large corollas (petals 
35-50 mm. long). It resembles certain Mexican species; e.g., 
G. palmert Watt, G. fruticulosum Tod., G. schottii Tod., and 
G. lanceolatum Tod. These species are given by Watt (Cot- 
ton Pl. World 164. 1907) as having free bracts whereas the 
La Paz collection has definitely united bracts. It should be 
noted, however, that the type collection of G. palmeri has the 
bracts somewhat united. 


231. Hibiscus denudatus Benth. 


Hibiscus denudatus Benth., Bot. Sulph. 7, t. 3. 1844.— 
Type locality: Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 

Common and widely distributed over the peninsula. Col- 
lections were made on Tiburon (4261), San Esteban (3173), 
and Angel de la Guarda (3416) islands, and at Tepoca Bay 
(3280). The plant was recognized at San Luis Gonzales, 
Los Angeles Bay, Las Animas, San Nicolas, and Agua Verde 
bays, and on Tortuga, San Marcos, Coronados, and Carmen 
islands. It is characteristic of gravelly washes and rocky hill- 
sides, and forms tufted growths 3-6 dm. high. The petals are 
white or pinkish with a red or purplish claw. 


232. Horsfordia alata (Wats.) Gray 


Horsfordia alata Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22:297. 1886.— 
Sida alata Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 20:356. 1885.—Horsfor- 
dia palmeri Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:40. 1889.—Type 
locahty: Northwestern Sonora. 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1093 


Collected at Freshwater Bay on Tiburon Island (3253) and 
at Los Angeles Bay (3480). At the former locality the plant 
grew 25 dm. high and formed a small colony along the edge 
of a sandy draw. At the latter station it grew only 9 dm. high 
and was rare, only a few plants being observed at the foot of 
a rocky slope. The plant is strictly and sparingly branched, 
and has pink flowers (which dry bluish) 2 cm. broad. Other 
collections have been examined from Sierra de la Trinidad, 
La Paz, and San Gregorio. The specimen reported by Brande- 
gee (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:135. 1889) from Llano de 
Santana, appears to be H. newberryi. Horsfordia alata is 
nearest to H. newberryi but differs in its large pink, instead of 
small orange, flowers, less conspicuously winged carpels, 
looser, more branching habit, broader, more cordate leaves, and 
looser, less abundant dull sordid, instead of bright yellowish, 
tomentum. Horsfordia rotundifolia Wats. (Proc. Am. Acad. 
24:40. 1889), the other species of the genus, is at once rec- 
ognized by its fine close pubescence, low slender stems, cordate 
leaves, and naked inflorescence. It has a synonym in H. puri- 
sime@ Brandg. (loc. cit.). 


233. Horsfordia newberryi (Wats.) Gray 


Horsfordia newberryi Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22:297. 1886. 
—Abutilon newberryi Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 11:25. 1876.— 
Type locality: Canebrake Cafion on the lower Colorado 
River, Arizona. 

Taken on San Esteban (3177) and Angel de la Guarda 
(3392) islands, and at Los Angeles (3486) and San Fran- 
cisquito (3557) bays. A strictly erect perennial 6-15 dm. 
high, either simple or compactly branched above. The flowers 
are orange and small, being about lcm. broad. It is character- 
istically a plant of gravelly washes and was nowhere observed 
to be common. 


234. Sida spinosa var. angustifolia (Lam.) Griseb. 


Sida spinosa var. angustifolia Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Indies 
74. 1859.—Sida angustifolia Lam., Dict. 1:4. 1789.—Type 
locality: “Indies”. 

A single plant of this variety was found growing in a wet 
meadow that bordered on a Typha thicket at Mulegé (3691). 


1094 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 


235. Sphzralcea ambigua Gray 


Spheralcea ambigua Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22:292. 1887. 
—Type locality: Grand Cafion, Arizona. 

Collected at Las Animas (3506) and San Francisquito 
(3556) bays, and on San Pedro Martir (3145), San Esteban 
(3172) and Angel de la Guarda (3415, 4214) islands. The 
species seems to occur only on the northern third of the penin- 
sula and on the adjacent islands. It is most frequent in 
gravelly washes, but on San Pedro Martir Island it occurs in 
great abundance on rocky ground in the cactus forest which 
crowns the island. The plant is perennial, with a shrubby 
caudex and virgate branches 3-12 dm. high. The flowers are 
orange. The reference to S. ambigua is unsatisfactory al- 
though precedent sanctions the present use of the name. Due 
to the great confusion in the genus, a satisfactory determina- 
tion can not be made short of a generic revision. Suffice to 
say, that the peninsular plant is the same as that common in 
the deserts of California. Typical S. ambigua, judging from 
material collected in the Grand Cafion and adjacent area, seems 
to be the flat-leaved, lightly-tometose plant which, in the South- 
west, has been largely referred to S. munroana. 


236. Sphzralcea coulteri (Wats.) Gray 


Spheralcea coulteri Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22:291. 1887.— 
Malvastrum coultert Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 11:125. 1875.— 
Malveopsis coultert Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1:72. 1891.—Sphe- 
ralcea californica Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:66. 1890. 
—Malvastrum muliifiorum Greene, Fl. Francis. 108. 1891.— 
Spheralcea margarite Brandg., Zoe 5:156. 1903.—Type 
locality: “Southern California,” but probably from Arizona or 
Sonora. 

Forming a large colony in a sandy clearing at La Paz 
(3067), and frequent along the silty river bottoms at Mulegé 
(3667). The plants are annual or biennial, and may persist 
even longer; they are branched at the base with many ascend- 
ing wand-like branches which reach a meter in length. The 
flowers are a bright orange. Called “chuale’” by a small boy 
at La Paz. The types of all the proposed segregates of this 
species have been examined and found to be indistinguishable. 


Vou. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1095 


237. Sphzralcea hainesii Brandg. 


Spheralcea hainesii Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 
2:136. 1889.—T ype locality: Jesus Maria, Lower California. 

A single plant found in a willow thicket at Mulegé (3675) 
is referred to this species. It has orange flowers and grew 18 
dm. high. The leaves are a full decimeter long. The collected 
specimens are atypical in their insufficiently developed bract- 
lets and sparsely pubescent calyx. The species seems to grow 
in that section of the peninsula lying between 25° and 27° N. 
lat. In the region it is recognized by its non-crisped, flat, ob- 
long, rather large leaves. 


238. Sphzralcea macdougalii Rose & Standley 


Spheralcea macdougalii Rose & Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. 
Herb. 16:13, t. 5. 1912.—T ype locality: Papago Tank in 
Pinacate Mountains, Sonora. 

Collected at Tepoca Bay (3296) where it grew on a stony 
slope and became 2-4 dm. high with strictly ascending stems 
from a shrubby caudex. In flowers and inflorescence the col- 
lected plant resembles the type, but it differs in having consid- 
erably smaller curled leaves. The species probably ranges over 
northwestern Sonora and can be recognized by its few large 
flowers. 


239. Sphezralcea axillaris Wats. 


Spheralcea axillaris Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:41, 1889,— 
Spheralcea violacea Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:81. 1890. 
—T ype locality: Mulegé, Lower California. 

Frequent along the silty bottoms at Mulegé (3669) and on 
the talus footing gypsum cliffs on San Marcos Island (3616). 
The plant has an erect axis 10-25 dm. high. with many ascend- 
ing laterals. It is very weak and commonly the axis and 
laterals tend to droop: The petals are pink. The plant was 
called “malva rosa” on San Marcos Island. This pink- 
flowered plant is common about San José del Cabo and is the 
one reported by Gray (Proc. Am. Acad. 5:154. 1861) as S. 
incana. The type of S. avillaris is in advanced maturity and is 


1096 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Sze. 


peculiar in having the flowers in close node-like clusters. It 
seems evident that it is a peculiar variation of the widely dis- 
tributed plant here referred to it. 


LIII. StTERcuULIACEz 
240. Ayenia pusilla L. 


Ayenia pusilla L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1247. 1759.—T ype 
locality: Caribbean Region. 

Common in a sandy wash on San Esteban Island (3184) 
where it forms suffrutescent mats 3-6 dm. broad. This is a 
narrow-leaved form, similar to that growing in Arizona and 
California and which seems never to have been named. 


241. Melochia tomentosa L. 


Melochia tomentosa L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1140. 1759.— 
Moluchia tomentosa Britt., Mem. Brooklyn Bot. Gard. 1:69. 
1918.—T ype locality: Jamaica. 

Widely distributed but not common in the gulf area. Grow- 
ing on Tortuga, Carmen, San Pedro Nolasco, Espiritu Santo 
(4077, 3962), and Ceralbo (4033) islands; and at Guaymas 
(3093), at Guadalupe Point (4160), and at San Carlos 
(4400), San Pedro (4299), San Francisquito (3568), San 
Nicolas (3734), Escondido (3853), and Agua Verde (3909) 
bays. San Francisquito Bay appears to be the northern-most 
station on the Pacific Coast. The plant is a loose, erect, little- 
branched shrub 15-25 dm. high, growing scattered in gravelly 
washes or less commonly on rocky hillsides. The flowers are 
magenta and appear to be present throughout the year. The 
peninsular material has larger, thicker, and more densely to- 
mentose leaves, stouter branches, and a closer, more floriferous 
inflorescence than the material from Sonora. The Sonoran 
plants seem to be referable to M. speciosa Wats. (Proc. Am. 
Acad. 24:42. 1889), the type of which came from Guaymas. 
The type of M. arida Rose (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8:321. 
1905), a critical species, also came from Guaymas. 


Vor. XII) JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1097 


242. Waltheria americana L. 


Waltheria americana L. Sp. Pl. 673. 1753.—T ype locality: 
Bahama Islands. 

Found in a gravelly wash in a cafion back of San Carlos Bay 
(4401). A prostrate shrubby plant with stems 1-4.5 dm. long. 


LIV. ViI0LACEz 
243. Hybanthus fruticulosus var. flavescens (Dowell), n. comb. 


Calceolaria fruticulosa var. flavescens Dowell, Bull. Torr. 
Cl. 35:551. 1906.—Type locality: Guaymas, Sonora. 

Locally common in gravelly washes at San Pedro (4297) 
and San Carlos (4366) bays. The plants are densely tufted, 
15-20 cm. high, have many persistent dead stems, and are 
slightly suffrutescent below. The Sonoran material differs 
from Hybanthus fruticulosus, n. comb. (Jonidium fruticulo- 
sum Benth.), the peninsular plant, in having yellowish-green 
glabrous foliage. 


LV. FRANKENIACEZ 
244. Frankenia grandifolia C. & S. 


Frankenia grandifolia C. & S., Linnea 1:35. 1826.—T ype 
locality: San Francisco Bay, California. 

Sterile plants of what is believed to represent this species 
are common in the salt marsh at Tepoca Bay. 


245. Frankenia palmeri Wats. 


Frankenta palmeri Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 11:124. 1876. 
—Type locality: “Gulf shore of Lower California.” 

Seen at the north and south ends of Tiburon Island (3263, 
4280), Tepoca Bay (3285), San Luis Gonzales Bay (3352), 
all stations on Angel de la Guarda Island (3396), Los Angeles 
Bay, and Las Animas Bay. It is one of the most characteristic 
coastal shrubs in the northern part of the gulf area. The plant 
grows in saline soil about salt flats and lagoons, on dunes, and 
on loamy bluffs and plains, but always confined to a belt near 


1098 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 


saltwater. It does not seem to demand saline soil, but merely 
an exposure to salt air. Its surface is covered with salt which 
renders drying difficult in a moist atmosphere. It forms a 
compact globose shrub 6-9 or 12 dm. high. Usually well 
spaced, but frequently it is aggregated to form dense low 
hedge-like belts many square meters in extent. The corolla is 
white and the exserted anthers are a pinkish orange in color. 
The type locality has not been definitely determined. Palmer, 
who is said to have collected the type, is not known to have 
been within the range of the species previous to its publica- 
tion. It may have been collected by Pringle and incorrectly 
attributed to Palmer. 


LVI. FovuQuieRIACEz 
246. Fouquieria burragei Rose 


Fouquieria burragei Rose, Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 12:267. 
1911.—T ype locality: Pichilinque Island. 

Arborescent, 3-4 m. high, with the habit of F. peninsularis 
Nash, having a short trunk 3-6 dm. high and many crooked 
spreading branches; spines 15-25 mm. long; inflorescence 
racemose-paniculate, 12-20 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, sparsely 
flowered, the strictly ascending branches usually 5 mm. long 
but becoming rarely 15 mm. long; sepals oval or orbicular, 4-5 
mm. long, old-rose above but nearly white below; corolla 10-12 
mm. long, salverform; corolla-tube ca. 8 mm. long, 4 mm. 
wide, very pale salmon-pink outside; corolla lobes spreading, 
salmon-pink in bud but lighter upon expansion, 2-4 mm. long, 
orbicular to triangular-ovate ; stamens conspicuously exserted ; 
filaments 8-16 mm. long, flattened, white, glabrous above, 
included portions coarsely villous, unappendaged ; anthers dark 
yellow, more or less tinged with blood-orange, triangular ob- 
long, base deeply cordate, apex acuminate; style divided half- 
way or almost to base; capsule about 18 mm. long. 

The remarkable Fouquieria, which is above briefly described 
from new material, was collected on the low hills lying just 
east of La Paz (4015) and again on Ballena Island (4074), 
an islet off the west coast of Espiritu Santo Island. Previously 
it has been known only from collections made by Rose at 


Vor. XII} JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1099 


Pichilinque Island and La Paz. In selection of habitat and in 
habit this species seems almost identical with the quite distantly 
related F. peninsularis. All the known stations for the plant 
are near La Paz. 


247. Fouquieria peninsularis Nash 


Fouquieria peninsularis Nash, Bull. Torr. Cl. 30:455. 1903. 
—Type locality: La Paz, Lower Califoria. 

In the gulf area this species is one of the most common trees, 
and to list the places at which it was observed would practically 
amount to listing all the stations within the area (3050, 3130, 
3436, 3546, 3936, 4357). On the peninsula it was seen at 
every station, but on the mainland only at San Pedro Bay, 
San Carlos Bay, and Guaymas. It grows on all the gulf islands 
with the following exceptions,—San Pedro Martir, Tiburon, 
Patos, Pelican, Georges, San Luis, Sal si Puedes, Ildefonso, 
and Santa Inez. These insular exceptions are mainly low and 
alkaline, or whitened bird rocks. The tree seems to grow with 
equal vigor in sandy washes, on sandy or gravelly plains, or 
on rocky or scoriz-covered hillsides. It is almost universally 
associated with Bursera microphylla and Jatropha spathulata 
to form one of the most characteristic climax associations of 
the region. 

The plant forms a very open irregular tree 15-30 or rarely 
60 dm. high, with a clear trunk 2-8 dm. high and 15-25 dm. in 
diameter. The branches are spreading, crooked, and loosely 
branched. Not only is the general habit very different from F. 
splendens, but the bark also. In splendens the stems increase 
but little in girth and the epidermal plates (morphologically 
the decurrent bases of the spines, i.e., petioles) are but little 
separated, the stems becoming at most merely furrowed. In 
peninsularis, due to the great expansion in girth, the epidermal 
plates are widely and very irregularly separated, very unequally 
distributed over the trunk, and utterly lacking in a definite 
lineate arrangement. In splendens the trunk and lower limbs 
are gray, but in peninsularis they are brown, due to the great 
exposure of the smooth papery bark that underlies the epider- 
mal plates. The exposed bark is papery and resinous, and 
suggests that of Bursera. The flowers of peninsularis are quite 


1100 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser. 


different from those of splendens. Fouquieria peninsularis 
has dark red or cardinal corollas with erect lobes, the style is 
shorter, the stamens unappendaged, and the flowers are ar- 
ranged in a panicle which is triangular or lanceolate in outline. 
It should be noted that the photograph of F. peninsularis given 
by Goldman (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: t. 120. 1916) does 
not show a typical specimen of the species, the figured plant 
being too tall, too dense, too regular, and too erect in its 
branching. 


248. Fouquieria splendens Engelm. 


Fouquteria splendens Engelm. in Wisliz., Mem. No. Mex. 
98. 1848.—Type locality: Jornada del Muerto, New Mexico. 

Collected on Tiburon Island (4258), at Tepoca Bay (3309), 
and at San Francisquito Bay (3545), and observed at San 
Luis Gonzales Bay. Goldman’s observations (Contr. U. S. 
Nat. Herb. 16:349. 1916) and the author’s, indicate that the 
species reaches south on the peninsula to about N. lat. 28° 30’. 
At San Francisquito Bay it is common on the shell-covered 
mesa back from the beach and grows intermixed with F. penin- 
sularis, but at the other localities it grows alone on hillsides 
or rolling gravelly plains. The growth-habit of this species is 
very characteristic, being branched at the ground, appearing 
tufted, and consisting of long usually simple (rarely forked at 
tip) strict or ascending whip-like stems. The stems are usually 
gracefully recurved near the end and bear at their tips elongated 
unilateral racemose clusters of salmon-red flowers. The com- 
mon height of the plant is 33-45 dm., but it not infrequently 
attains 6 m. in height. 


LVII. KorsBERLINIACE 
249. Koeberlinia spinosa Zucc. 


Koeberlinia spinosa Zucc., Abh. Akad. Munchen 1:359. 
1832.—T ype locality: Mexico. 

Seen only at Tepoca Bay (3282) where colonies are frequent 
along sandy draws. It grows in small groups forming thickets 
of loosely interlaced, spinescent branches 9-12 dm. high and 


Vou. XITJ JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1101 


2-5 m. broad. The collected material is in fruit only and has 
more slender branches than have the average specimens from 
north of the international boundary. 


LVIII. PasstFLoRACEz 
250. Passiflora arida (Masters & Rose) Killip 


Passiflora arida Killip, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12:256. 
1922.—Passiflora fetida var.arida Masters'& Rose, Contr. U. 
S. Nat. Herb. 5:182. 1899.—T ype locality: Guaymas, Sonora. 

Collected at San Pedro Bay (4298), San Esteban Island 
(3200, 4402), San Francisquito Bay (3544), Tortuga Island 
(3598, 4200), Guadalupe Point (4158), La Paz (3069), and 
Ceralbo Island (4043). It is a trailing or climbing vine whose 
stems are lax, remotely branched, and woody only near the 
base. It is conspicuously different from P. palmeri, with which 
it grew on San Esteban Island and at Guadalupe Point, in its 
elongated viny herbaceous stems, non-glandular and scarcely 
oily herbage, and much smaller differently proportioned 
flowers. The petals are white on both surfaces, but the sepals 
are greenish below. The corona is a light violet-blue and the 
staminal tube is marked with purple or magenta oblong dots. 
It was commonly found in washes, but it also occurs on hill- 
sides. A boy at La Paz wrote its name as “mata de collote.” 


251. Passiflora fruticosa Killip 


Passiflora fruticosa Killip, Jour. Wash. Acad. 12:256. 1922. 
—T ype locality: Santa Maria Bay, Lower California. 

A plant with a very loose upright shrubby caudex 2-4 dm. 
high, and a few rather short (3-6 dm. long), sprawling stems 
that show a slight inclination to climb. It was found only on 
San Francisco (3951) and Espiritu Santo (3978) islands. It 
is apparently most nearly related to P. arida from which it dif- 
fers in its very oily and somewhat glandular foliage, its 
shrubby, bushy base, and short non-climbing stems. The plant 
is a smaller, very much looser, and much less woody plant, and 
has less glandular herbage and very much smaller flowers, 
than P. palmeri. It was found only on hillsides. 


1102 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc, 47H Ser. 


252. Passiflora gossypiifolia Ham. 


Passiflora gossypiifolia Ham., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Occ. 48. 1825. 
—Passtflora fetida var. gossyptifolia Masters in Martius, FI. 
Brasil. 13*:582. 1872.—T ype locality: West Indies. 

Mr. Killip, who determined all the Passiflore, refers here 
the single plant found climbing through the lower branches of 
a willow at Mulegé (3660). The same has been collected at 
Comondu by Brandegee and at Arroyo San Pablo by Purpus. 
It is a herbaceous vine which, among the peninsular species, is 
characterized by the brassy color of its foliage. 


253. Passiflora palmeri Rose 


Passiflora palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:131, t. 
14. 1892.—Type locality: Carmen Island. 

Common and frequently even abundant in gravelly washes 
in the gulf area. Only occassionally found on hillsides. It 
was seen on Angel de la Guarda (3397, 3406), San Esteban 
(3167), South San Lorenzo (3536), San Marcos (3640), 
Coronados (3759), and Carmen (3823) islands; at Mulegé 
(3659) and Guadalupe Point; and at Las Animas (3500), 
San Nicolas (3721), Escondido (3848), and Agua Verde 
(3882) bays. The only previous collections appear to be 
Palmer’s type collection from Carmen Island, and a collection 
from the head of Concepcion Bay made by Rose. The range 
of the species is therefore the western islands and western 
shore of the gulf between lat. 25° 30’ and 29° 30’ N. 

Passiflora palmeri is not a vine, but a shrub with a flattened, 
loosely intricate, woody framework of branches over which are 
toppled the numerous short (1-3 dm.) leafy stems. The 
bushes are commonly about 5 dm. high and 8-12 dm. broad. 
They are entirely self-supporting, the branches making no 
effort to climb even when the opportunity is offered. The 
herbage is glandular and very oily, and heavily stains the col- 
lecting papers between which it is dried. When in full flower, 
it is very pretty, being literally covered with hundreds of large 
white flowers. The petals and sepals are pure white inside, 
but are, especially the latter, greenish outside. The staminal 
tube is violet at the base, but white for most of its length. 


Vor. XIT] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1103 


The corona is light blue to purple, fading upwardly towards 
the pale tips. The fruit is a sickly yellowish when ripe and at 
first has a sweetish but not very positive taste that later takes 
on an unpleasant flavor suggestive of green plums. On San 
Marcos Island and at Mulegé it is called “‘sandia de la passion.” 
The species is very constant in its characters and among the 
peninsular species is characterized by its extremely large 
(about 7 cm. broad) flowers, and comparatively short (less 
than 1 mm.) outer crown segments. 


LIX. LoasacEz 
254. Eucnide cordata Kell. 


Eucnide cordata Kell. in Curran, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
1:137. 1885.—Mentzelia cordata Kell., Proc. Calif. Acad. 
Sci. 2:33. 1860.—Type locality: Cedros Island. 

A frequent plant in well-drained soil. It is a coarse perennial 
3-9 dm. high with a few ascending branches. The lower parts 
of the branches, and particularly the main stem, become hard 
and woody. The plant was collected at San Luis Island 
(3314), Angel de la Guarda Island (3410), Escondido Bay 
(4133), San Francisco Island (3957), and La Paz (3070). 


255. Mentzelia adhzrens Benth. 


Mentzelia adherens Benth., Bot. Sulph. 15. 1844.—T ype 
locality: Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 

Collected on San Pedro Martir (3156), Tortuga (3604), 
and Tiburon (4257) islands; and at Coyote (4171), and San 
Luis Gonzales (3337) bays. It was seen at several other locali- 
ties, but always in a condition too advanced for collecting. 
It is not an uncommon plant in the gulf area. It was found 
to be most common about Coyote Bay and along the summit 
of San Pedro Martir Island, at both of which stations it grew 
in every sheltered place. The plant is usually more or less 
prostrate, forming loose growths 1-2 dm. high and 5-10 dm. 
broad. It commonly affects rocky or gravelly situations. The 
collected plants have small, scarcely lobed leaves, thereby dif- 
fering from the most of Brandegee’s collections. 


1104 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER. 


256. Mentzelia hirsutissima var. stenophylla 
(Urb. & Gilg.) Johnston 


Mentzelia hirsutissima var. stenophylla Johnston, Univ. 
Calif. Pub. Bot. 7:443. 1922.—Mentzelia stenophylla Urb. & 
Gilg.,- Nov. Act. Deuts. Akad. 76:80. 1900.—Type locality: 
San Quentin, Lower California. athe 

Referred here is the single plant found growing on a silty 
flat near the south end of Angel de la Guarda Island (4229). 
A similar plant was also seen at the north end of the island on 
a sandy plain at Puerto Refugio. Other collections of this 
variety have been made at Los Angeles Bay (Palmer 591), 
Calamujuet and Cajon de Santa Maria (Brandegee), and San 
Quentin (Orcutt 1357). The characters of the filaments used 
by Johnston( loc. cit.) to separate the variants of M. hirsutis- 
sima do not hold, and stenophylla is here retained solely as the 
small-flowered form of the species. The typical form of the 
species remains known only from the type collection whieh 
was made in 1876 on Angel de la Guarda Island. 


257. Petalonyx linearis Greene 


Petalonyx linearis Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1:188. 
1885.—T ype locality: Cedros Island. 

Seen only on San Luis (3317), Angel de la Guarda (3399), 
San Pedro Martir (3164), and Tortuga (3605) islands. The 
species ranges over the northern half of the peninsula and finds 
its eastern outposts in the islands mentioned. It is a weak 
bushy shrub which is commonly globose and 3-6 dm. in diam- 
eter. On Tortuga Island, where it was found most abundantly, 
it became 14 dm. high and 18 dm. broad. The plant has light- 
green leaves and white or pale floral bracts which render it very 
conspicuous against the dark rock upon which it grows. The 
large imbricated floral bracts are very numerous, but drop 
when the bush is shaken or when specimens are pressed. There 
appears to be considerable variation in the size of flowers, even 
ina single locality. The plant is characteristic of rocky ground 
and is usually found on hillsides. 


Vor. X11] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY - 1105 


258. Petalonyx thurberi Gray 


Petalonyx thurberi Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II, 5:319. 1854. 
—Type locality: Gila River Valley, Arizona. 

Locally frequent in a broad sandy wash back of San Luis 
Gonzales Bay (3328) where it forms rounded clumps 3-6 dm. 
high. It is not typical as to foliage, for the leaves are small 
(5 mm. long) and all about equal length. 


259. Sympetaleia aurea Gray 


Sympetaleia aurea Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12:161. 1877.— 
Type locahty: Pulpito Point, Lower California. 

Collected at San Nicolas Bay (3728) within a mile of Pul- 
pito Point, on Ildefonso Island (3741), near Loreto (3796), 
on Danzante Island (3856), and in a cafion back of Escondido 
Bay (4110). It was recognized, but not collected, at Agua 
Verde Bay, Puerto Ballandra on Carmen Island, and at Coyote 
Bay and Guadalupe Point in Concepcion Bay. The Sympeta- 
leia observed in a sterile condition on San Marcos Island prob- 
ably also belongs here. Brandegee has collections from 
Comondu and Purisima. From these records, representing 
nearly if not all the collections of the species, it seems that the 
plant is restricted to that segment of the peninsula lying be- 
tween 25° 30’ and 27° N. lat. 

Like its congeners the species is a cliff plant, and jf not 
actually growing in crevices on the cliff-face, at least grows 
among the rocks at its base. It is an annual usually forming 
depressed rounded growths 8-10 cm. high and 1-2 dm. broad, 
but not infrequently becoming globose in outline, bushy, and 6 
dm. in height. It is very striking when in full bloom it then 
being entirely covered with innumerable salverform vermilion 
or dilute-yellow flowers. About the type locality, in fact in all 
but the southern localities, the corollas are vermilion and not 
golden-yellow as described by Gray. The plant is covered with 
long sharp hispid hairs that make the handling of it very dis- 
agreeable. 


1106 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser. 


260. Sympetaleia rupestris (Baill.) Gray 


Sympetaleta rupestris Gray in Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 
24:50. 1889.—Loasella rupestris Baill., Soc. Linn. Paris 
1:650. 1887.—Type locality: Guaymas, Sonora. 

Collections of this species were made on San Pedro Nolasco 
Island (3143), Isla Partida (3227), Sal si Puedes Island 
(3522), and an islet in Guaymas Harbor (3077). The char- 
acteristic herbage was seen at Los Angeles Bay, San Francis- 
quito Bay, Angel de la Guarda Island, and Tiburon Island. 
On the peninsula Brandegee made collections from Cajon de 
Santa Maria on the north to San Pablo on the south. Rose and 
Standley (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16:15. 1912) report it 
from the Pinicate Mountains of northwestern Sonora. The 
range is hence in the gulf area and north of lat. 28°. It is a 
sticky cliff plant forming depressed rounded clumps which are 
usually about 2 dm. in diameter and 1 dm. in height. The 
leaves are shiny bright green and more or less glutinous above, 
and dull and non-glutinous below. The flowers are not con- 
spicuous, though the plant itself is, especially when growing 
against dark lava rock. 


261. Sympetaleia tenella, n. sp. 


A prostrate annual herb, somewhat viscid, branched from 
the base with the pale branches narrowly winged and sparsely 
short villous; leaves palmately 5-lobed with unequal lobes and 
crenate or toothed margins, base truncate or reniform, blade 
commonly about 15 mm. long and 13 mm. wide on a petiole 1 
cm. long but becoming 25 mm. long and 27 mm. wide on petioles 
25 mm. long, short villous-hispid with an admixture of a few 
pustulate-based hairs; flowers axillary; pedicels about 5 mm. 
long in flower but becoming much elongated (5-7 cm. long) re- 
flexed and tortuous; corolla 5-merous. 4-5.5 mm. long, yellow 
upon opening but becoming ochroleucous, setose-hispid without 
and with one particularly long subapical pustulate-based hirsute 
hair on each lobe, with a distinct tube 1-1.5 mm. long; corolla- 
lobes spreading, oblong, 3.5-4 mm. long, 2-2.2 mm. wide; 


Vou. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1107 


stamens 15-25, in two rows the lower of which is the larger, 
fixed at the middle of the tube and below, free, divergent; 
filaments filiform, 4-6 mm. long; anthers single-celled, reni- 
form, attached medially below, dehiscent along a longitudinal 
groove with the margins reflexed; staminodia none; hypan- 
thium depressed globose, hispid, 2 mm. wide, 1.5 mm. high; 
sepals oblong, about 1.75 mm. long; capsule 5-valved; ovules 
in 6 or more series on the parietal placentz ; style filiform with- 
out any dilated stigmatic area, about 2.5 mm. long; seeds 
oblong, spirally grooved, apiculate, about 0.3 mm. long. 

Type: No. 1293, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected May 26, 
1923, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3901) in an empty tinaja in a 
cafion back of Agua Verde Bay, Lower California. 

This most interesting plant was seen only in a large amphi- 
theater-like cafion in the Sierra Giganta a few kilometers south- 
east from Auga Verde Bay (3901). It was locally common 
on the rock-hewn floor of the cafion where due to the lateness 
of the season only a single green plant was found, in a sheltered 
nook on the floor of a large dry tinaja. It is a rather pretty 
little plant, covered, as it is, with many small, star-like flowers 
and recalling some of the Phacelias. 

The plant represents a remarkably distinct new species in 
that anomalous loasaceous genus, Sympetaleia, which has 
previously had but two known species. Sympetaleia tenella 
differs from its congeners in its very short corolla-tube, few 
biseriate stamens, and long filaments. It is evidently less 
evolved than its relatives, showing affinities with Eucnide, 
which it approaches in its long filaments and short corolla- 
tube. With the addition of tenella the crucial characters of 
Sympetaleia become,—stamens with single-celled anthers and 
inserted in 2 or more rows on the sympetalous corolla. It is 
highly interesting that the peninsula should have produced 
three such well-marked species in this peculiar genus. Al- 
though rupestris and aurea seem to range apart, tenella ap- 
pears to find a congenial home within the same area as aurea. 
- It seems probable that the new species will be found along the 
Sierra Giganta when that range has been explored. 


1108 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser. 


LX. CactTaceEz 
262. Bartschella schumannii (Hildm.) Britt. & Rose 


Bartschella schumannu Britt. & Rose, Cactaceze 4:58. 1923. 
—Mamiullaria schumanni Hildm., Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 
1:125. 1891.—Mamillaria venusta K. Brandg., Zoe 5:8. 1900. 
—T ype locality: Not given, but doubtlessly from Lower Cali- 
fornia. 

Infrequent on rocky hillsides at La Paz (4017) forming 
very flat clusters of 35 or less subglobose unequal heads. 


263. Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 


Carnegiea gigantea Britt. & Rose, Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 
9:188. 1908.—Cereus giganteus Engelm. in Emory, Notes 
Mil. Recon. 159. 1848.—T ype locality: Along the Gila River, 
Arizona. 

Seen at Tepoca Bay, Patos Island (3238), Tiburon Island 
(4281), Pelican Island, and San Pedro Bay. The plants grew 
on the lower slopes of the rocky hill and were uncommon. 
Mainly simple and 20-35 dm. high, but the single plant on 
Patos Island is over 12 m. high and has a single large branch. 


264. Cochemiea poselgeri (Hildm.) Britt. & Rose 


Cochemiea poselgeri Britt. & Rose, Cactaceze 4:22, 1923.— 
Mamillaria poselgeri Hildm., Gartenzeitung 1885:559. 1885. 
—Mamillaria roseana K. Brandg., Zoe 2:19. 1891.—T ype 
locality: “Stid-Californien,” but certainly from Lower Cali- 
fornia. 

Observed on the peninsula and on the adjacent islands at 
every locality from Ildefonso Island and San Nicolas Bay 
southward. It forms loose circular patches about 5 dm. broad 
and 8-15 cm. high. The stems are 2-4 dm. long and have the 
terminal decimeter ascending with the remaining portion 
prostrate. The stems are usually rose-colored. (3760, 4083, 
4100). 


| 


Vou. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1109 


265. Echinocereus brandegei (Coult.) Schumann 


Echinocereus brandegei Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 290. 
1898.—Cereus brandegei Coult., Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 
3:389. 1896.—Type locality: El Campo Allemand, Lower 
California. 

Usually growing on rocky hillsides but frequently also on 
gravelly benches. It forms dense masses 6-9 dm. broad, com- 
posed of 40 or less czspitose heads. It was seen at Mulegé, 
Coyote Bay (4164), Escondido Bay, Agua Verde Bay, San 
Evaristo, and La Paz; and on Carmen, Danzante (3858), 
Santa Cruz (3913), Espiritu Santo, and Ceralbo islands. 


266. Echinocereus engelmanni (Parry) Rimpler 


Echinocereus engelmanni Rimpler in Forster, Handb: Cact. 
ed. 2. 805. 1885.—Cereus engelmanni Parry, Am. Jour. Sci. 
II, 14:338. 1852—Type locahty: About San Felipe, Cali- 
fornia. 

In cespitose masses on gravelly benches or on hillsides at 
Tepoca, Los Angeles (3445), Las Animas, and San Francis- 
quito bays. Doubtfully referred here are similar plants from 
San Pedro Bay (4374) which have very slender light-colored 
spines. 


267. Echinocereus grandis Britt. & Rose 


Echinocereus grandis Britt. & Rose, Cactacee 3:18. 1922. 
—T ype locality: San Esteban Island. 

An insular species seen only on San Pedro Nolasco (3137), 
San Esteban (3199), North San Lorenzo (4198), and South 
San Lorenzo (3541) islands where it grows scattered over 
rocky slopes. The plant is cylindrical, with one or two 
branches, and has short yellowish-green spines. The flowers 
are white with the outer segments sometimes tinged lightly 
with pink. 


268. Echinocereus scopulorum Britt. & Rose 


Echinocereus scopulorum Britt, & Rose, Cactacez 3:30. 
1922.—T ype locality: Near Guaymas, Sonora. 


1110 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. 


Frequent on the hills about Guaymas (3103), San Carlos 
Bay (4344), and San Pedro Bay (4291). Usually simple and 
about 2 dm. high. The flowers are very large, and are pink, 
turning magenta. 


Echinocereus sp. 


A peculiar species of this genus was found growing in 
crevices on the cafion walls in the hills back of Los Angeles 
Bay (3446). Its 3-6 stems were 20-35 cm. long and 4-5 cm. 
thick, and hung down with their tips ascending. The plants 
had branches which were loosely affixed, and always produced 
rootlets about their point of attachment. The spines are acicu- 
lar and 1-2 cm. long. Dr. Rose believes the plant to be un- 
described. 


269. Ferocactus alamosanus Britt. & Rose 


Ferocactus alamosanus Britt. & Rose, Cactaceze 3:137. 1922. 
—Echinocactus alamosanus Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. 
Herb. 16:239, t. 66. 1913.—Type locahty: Alamos Moun- 
tains, Sonora. 

Occasional on the hillsides at the head of San Carlos Bay 
(4348) where the huge plants became 15 dm. high and 5 dm. 
broad. The flowers are a clear lemon yellow. 


270. Ferocactus diguetii (Weber) Britt. & Rose 


Ferocactus diguetu Britt. & Rose, Cactacez 3:131. 1922.— 
Echinocactus diguetu Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 
4:100. 1898.—Type locality: Catalina Island. 

Occurring on Coronados, Carmen, Danzante, Catalina 
(4098), San Diego, and Ceralbo (4037) islands, growing on 
rocky hillsides or on gravelly benches. Frequent on Carmen 
and Ceralbo islands, but abundant on Catalina Island where it 
is the most characteristic plant. The largest plants were seen 
on Catalina Island where plants over 3 m. high were not un- 
common and the average measurements were 10-15 dm. high 
and 4-5 dm. broad. The number of ribs varies from 24 to 37. 
The flowers are reddish. 


SS 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1111 


271. Ferocactus johnstonianus Britt. & Rose 


Ferocactus johnstonianus Britt. & Rose, Cactacee 4:287. 
(1923).—T ype locality: Lagoon on Angel de la Guarda 
Island. 

This species is known only from collections made back of 
the lagoon on the east shore of Angel de la Guarda Island 
(3394, 3395). About 50 plants were observed growing on a 
gravelly plain. The species is obviously related to F. diguetii, 
of the southern gulf islands, but is clearly distinct in its small 
size, much more numerous spines and yellow flowers. 


272. Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 


Ferocactus wislizeni Britt. & Rose, Cactaceze 3:127. 1922. 
—Echinocactus wislizeni Engelm. in Wisliz., Mem. No. Mex. 
96. 1848.—Type locality: Near Dona Ana, New Mexico. 

Barrel-cacti of the F. wislizent group are frequent in the gulf 
area. Spines are very variable in length and breadth, even in 
a single colony (3453, 3454, 4085a, 4162, 4163, 4190). The 
plants on San Josef Island (3935, 4084) are similar in general 
habit but are unique in the possession of a distinct central 
woody core. The plants on Tiburon Island (4251, 4270) have 
notably stout terete spines. 


Ferocactus sp. 


A ponderous species, which becomes 15 dm. high and 7 dm. 
broad, is frequent on the hillsides about San Pedro Bay 
(4292). It belongs to the same immediate group as F. digueti 
and much resembles that species in habit. 


273. Lemaireocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 


Lemaireocereus thurberi Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. 
Herb. 12:426. 1909.—Cereus thurberi Engelm., Am. Jour. 
Sci. II, 17:234. 1854.—T ype locality: Near Bachuachi Pass, 
Sonora. 

On the peninsular side of the gulf this species was present 
on every island, with the sole exception of Catalina Island, and 
at every peninsular station south of Mulegé. On the Sonoran 
side of the gulf it was seen at Tepoca Bay, Tiburon Island, 


1112 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. 


San Pedro Bay, San Pedro Nolasco Island (?), and Guaymas. 
It is branched at the base with numerous ascending branches 
that become 2-4 m. high. It grows scattered over gravelly 
benches and rocky hillsides. There is considerable variation as to 
the time of opening and closing of flowers. On Carmen Island 
the flowers opened after dark and closed before 8 o’clock in the 
morning. On Ceralbo Island flowers in full sunlight were 
noted as open at 10:30 a.m. and at 2:30 pm. At San Evaristo 
Bay open flowers were seen as late as 4 p.m. 


274. Lophocereus schottii (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 


Lophocereus schottii Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 
12:427. 1919.—Cereus schottii, Engelm., Proc. Am. Acad. 
3:288. 1856.—Type locality: Near Magdalena, Sonora. 

Seen on Tiburon, Partida, Tortuga, San Marcos, Inez, 
Ildefonso, Coronados (3763), Carmen, Danzante, Monser- 
rate, San Diego, Santa Cruz, San Josef, and San Francisco 
islands; and at Tepoca Bay, Los Angeles Bay, Las Animas 
Bay, San Francisquito Bay, Santa Rosalia, Guadalupe Point, 
San Nicolas Bay, Loreto, Escondido Bay, San Evaristo, and 
La Paz. It is a light-green, stout, usually 5-ribbed cactus with 
only a few ascending stems 1-3 m. high. It reaches its best 
development in gravelly soil, but also occurs on hillsides. 
Called “garambullo” or “hombre viejo.” 


275. \Machzrocereus gummosus (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 


Macherocereus gummosus Britt. & Rose, Cactaceze 2:116. 
1920.—Cereus gummosus Engelm. in Brandg., Proc. Calif. 
Acad. Sci. II, 2:162. 1889.—Cereus cumengei Weber, Bull. 
Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 1:317. 1895.—Type locality: North- 
western Lower California, probably about Ensenada. 

One of the most common and characteristic cacti on the 
peninsula. It was seen at all stations in Lower California from 
Los Angeles Bay southward (3797, 4141, 4188), and on 
Tiburon, San Esteban, and Angel de la Guarda islands south- 
ward on all the islands along the peninsular shore. Growing 
on alluvial plains and on gravelly benches, and occurring, but 
less abundant, on rocky hillsides. It usually forms erect loose 
growths 1-2 m. high. At most localities it grew in scattered 


—— 


Vou. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1113 


though frequent groups and did not form such a formidable 
barrier as on the slightly elevated bench just north of Loreto 
where an area several square kilometers in extent would be 
impenetrable were it not traversed by sinuous cattle trails. The 
flowers are white within and a deep rose-color outside. They 
close before noon. The plant is well known under the name 
of “‘pitahaya agre.’’ It may be questioned whether C. gum- 
mosus is actually described at the reference given. If a 
_ hyponym then Weber’s name must be accepted. 


276. Neomammillaria albicans Britt. & Rose 


Neomammillaria albicans Britt. & Rose, Cactaceze 4:138. 
1923.—T ype locality: Santa Cruz Island. 

Frequent on the rocky slopes of Santa Cruz (3912) and San 
Diego (3923) islands. The plants are simple or occasionally 
with a single branch. The stems are 5-8 cm. high and 20-25 
mm. thick. 


277. Neomammillaria cerralboa Britt. & Rose 


Neomammillaria cerralboa Britt. & Rose, Cactacez 4:116. 
1923.—T ype locality: Ceralbo Island. 

This is a tawny plant with mainly unhooked spines, and is 
frequent on the hillsides and in gravelly washes on Ceralbo 
Island (4038, 4053). It is cylindrical, solitary or with one 
branch, and is 10-15 cm. high. 


278. Neomammillaria evermanniana Britt. & Rose 


Neomammillaria evermanniana Britt. & Rose, Cactaceze 
4:97. 1923.—Type locality: Ceralbo Island. 

Small and depressed globose, and found growing wedged in 
crevices of a rocky cliff along the cafion-side on Ceralbo Island 
back of El Mastrador (4058). Other lactiferous species 
closely related to N. evermanniana were collected on Espiritu 
Santo Island (3985) and in the mountains back of Escondido 
Bay (4142). 


1114 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. 


279. Neomammillaria johnstonii Britt. & Rose 


Neomammillaria johnstonii Britt. & Rose, Cactacez 4:80. 
1923.—T ype locality: San Carlos Bay, Sonora. 

Frequent on the barren volcanic hillsides at San Carlos 
(4373) and San Pedro (4342) bays, forming coarse depressed- 
globose heads 15 cm. broad. 


280. Neomammillaria slevinii Britt. & Rose 


Neomammullaria slevinu Britt. & Rose, Cactacee 4:139. 
1923.—T ype locality: San Josef Island. 

A pallid, simple or rarely branched plant 5-8 cm. high and 
20-25 mm. thick. It is frequent on the rocky slopes of San 
Francisco Island (3943). Rose collected the species on San 
Josef Island. 


281. Neomammillaria swinglei Britt. & Rose 


Neomammillaria swinglet Britt. & Rose, Cactacee 4:158. 
1923.—T ype locality: Guaymas, Sonora. 

Very common on a scorie-covered islet in Guaymas Harbor 
(3086). It is commonly simple but occasionally produces as 
many as six very unequal heads. 


Neomammiillaria sp. or spp. 


A group of mamillarias, related to or perhaps to be included 
in N. armillata (K. Brandg.) Britt. & Rose, or N. fraileana 
Britt. & Rose, is represented on nearly all the gulf islands and 
at many points on the peninsula and mainland. In the large 
series of specimens collected there is considerable diversity in 
stoutness, length, color, and number of the spines, as well 
as in the stoutness of the habit, and so it seems not improbable 
that there are several species represented. The plants grow on 
rocky slopes and gravelly benches and are very similar in habit, 
forming cylindrical or clavate growths 5-30 cm. high and 3-6 
em. thick. They are simple or occasionally have one or two 
strict branches. (3198, 3369, 3542, 3543, 3589, 3738, 3746, 
3761, 3812, 3833, 3834, 3862, 3864, 3924, 3933, 3934, 3941, 
3988, 4000, 4018, 4039, 4059, 4086b, 4099, 4183, 4186, 4187, 
4230, 4290, 4339, 4381, 4418). 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1115 


Neomammillaria sp. 


Much branched, forming loose cespitose masses of 40 or 
fewer stems. The stems are 5-8 cm. long and 20-25 mm. thick. 
Frequent on the rocky slopes of San Pedro Nolasco Island 
(3112). Related to N. albicans and N. sleventi. 


Neomammillaria sp. 


Infrequent in rock-crevices along the crest of San Pedro 
Nolasco Island (3121). The plants are depressed globose and 
are single or are compactly cespitose with 4-5 heads. The 
flowers are magenta and the stamens are yellow. A very neat 
lactiferous species with tomentose upper tubercules. 


282. Opuntia bigelovii Engelm. 


Opuntia bigelovit Engelm., Proc. Am. Acad. 3:307. 1856. 
—Type locality: Big Williams River, Arizona. 

Growing at Kino Point and Tepoca Bay, and on Tiburon 
and San Esteban (?) islands. Not particularly common. 


283. Opuntia burrageana Britt. & Rose 


Opuntia burrageana Britt. & Rose, Cactaceze 1:70, t. 14, f. 
1. 1919—Type locality: Near Pichilinque Island, Lower 
California. 

This species, and probably several related ones of similar 
aspect, are common on the islands and gulf shore from Ceralbo. 
to San Pedro Martir, San Esteban, and San Luis islands. The 
cylindropuntias in question were not seen on Catalina, Inez, or 
Tortuga islands, but were rather common elsewhere within the 
range mentioned. The plants usually grow with O. cholla 
but are less stout, of a different green, grow less tall, and have 
lower more close-set tubercules. 


284. Opuntia cholla Weber 


Opuntia cholla Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 1:320. 
1895.—T ype locality: Lower California. 

This is the common cylindropuntia on every island and about 
every peninsular locality from San Marcos Island and Mulegé 


1116 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


southward. The species reaches its best development on sandy 
plains where it frequently forms large thickets. It grows 1-2 
m. high and usually has one to several trunks. A plant seen at 
San Francisquito Bay may be this or a closely related species. 


285. Opuntia ciribe Engelm. 


Opuntia ciribe Englem. in Coult., Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 
3:445. 1896.—Type locality: Lower California. 

What is probably this species was observed at San Francis- 
quito, Las Animas, and Los Angeles bays; and on Angel de la 
Guarda, Smiths, Partida, San si Puedes (?), South San 
Lorenzo, Tortuga, and Santa Cruz (?) islands. The stems 
are stout and tawny and suggest those of its near relative, O. 
bigelovit, from which it differs conspicuously in its open habit 
of growth and elongate lateral branches. 


286. Opuntia clavellina Engelm. 


Opuntia clavellina Engelm. in Coult., Contr. U. S. Nat. 
Herb. 3:444. 1896.—T ype locahty: Near Purisima, Lower 
California. 

Doubtfully referred here are cylindropuntias from Tortuga 
(4184), Santa Cruz (3914), and Ceralbo islands. The Tor- 
tuga plants are stout-spined, self-supporting, widely branched, 
and 4-9 dm. high, but the other plants have slender spines and 
are usually partially supported by bushes. 


287. Opuntia comonduensis (Coult.) Britt. & Rose 


Opuntia comonduensis Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Miscl. Coll. 
50:519. 1908.—Opuntia angustata var. comonduensis Coult., 
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3:425. 1896.—T ype locality: 
Comondt, Lower California. 

Seen on the peninsula only at La Paz, but present on all the 
western gulf islands, except Catalina, from Espiritu Santo to 
Coronados (3762). It is a yellowish-green plant with long, 
slender, deflexed spines, which grows singly and forms growths 
about a meter high. It is the only platyopuntia on the islands 
off the peninsular shore. 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1117 


288. Opuntia gossiliniana Weber 


Opuntia gossiliniana Weber, Bull. Soc. Acclim. France 
49:83. 1902.—T ype locality: Coast of Sonora probably from 
Guaymas. 

This purplish jointed platyopuntia is common on the rocky 
slopes about San Carlos Bay and over the slopes of the islands 
in Guaymas Harbor. 


289. Opuntia invicta Brandg. 


Opuntia invicta Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:163. 
1889.—T ype locality: San Juanico, Lower California. 

Observed only at San Francisquito (3550) and San Nicolas 
bays where it grows on hillsides or gravelly benches, and forms 
dense colonies about a meter broad. In habit and spines the 
plant bears little resemblance to the common types of Opuntia, 
most resembling Echinocereus, having oblong joints about 1 
dm. long and 5-8 cm. thick which are covered with very coarse, 
straight, angled spines that much resemble those of Machero- 
cereus gummosus. The joints are the erect green portion of 
trailing stems. The stems die back of the growing parts. 
They are constantly dichotomously branching and by the dying 
of the common stems forming new plants. 


290. Opuntia leptocaulis DC. 


Opuntia leptocaulis DC., Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 
17:118. 1828.—T ype locality: Mexico. 

Rare on a gravelly plain at San Pedro Bay (4341) forming 
bushy masses 6-9 dm. high. 


Opuntia sp. 


A cylindropuntia apparently related to O. cholla is common 
on Raza and Pond islands. It is characterized by the habit of 
bearing enormous amounts of pendent many-jointed fruit. 


Opuntia spp. 


Unknown platyopuntias were seen at Escondido Bay 
(4140), and on Pelican and San Pedro Nolasco islands. There 
are three different species. 


1118 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


291. Pachycereus pringlei (Wats.) Britt. & Rose 


Pachycereus pringlei Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 
12:422. 1909.—Cereus pringlei Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 
20:368. 1885.—Type locality: South of the Altar River, 
Sonora. 

This is one of the most characteristic plants of the gulf area, 
and is one of the feature-forming elements of nearly every 
landscape. With the exception of Georges Island and Tepoca 
Bay (?) the plant was present in varying abundance at every 
station in the area. It grows with equal abundance on gravelly 
plains and on rocky hillsides. There is considerable variation 
in habit of growth. The common form is one with a distinct 
trunk 1-2 m. high which supports a crown of very thick up- 
right branches. The whole plant is 3-9 m. high. In some 
localities the plants are simple. The most pronounced varia- 
tion in habit is that characteristic of the plants on San Pedro 
Martir Island (3160). These are trunkless or nearly so, the 
branches starting from near the ground and making the plant 
appear like monstrous specimens of Lematrocereus thurbert. 
This trunkless form was seen on most of the northern gulf 
islands. The fruit is usually dry, but on Catalina it splits at 
maturity in an irregular stellate manner and discloses a 
purplish-pink fleshy inner layer of tissue. The young plants 
are commonly covered with spines 1-3 cm. long, but as the 
stems get older they tend to lose their armature. The plants 
on Espiritu Santo and Ceralbo islands seem to have excep- 
tionally long spines, these becoming over a decimeter in length 
on the trunks of young plants. 


292. Pilocereus johnstonii Britt. & Rose 


Pilocereus johnstonii Britt. & Rose, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 
12:329. 1922.—Type locality: San Josef Island. 

Known only from a few plants found growing in sandy 
soil at San Nicolas Bay (3737) and on San Josef Island (3940, 
4085). It usually grows up through Olneya, partially sup- 
ported by it, and very much simulating the dead branches of 
that spiny tree. 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1119 


293. Rathbunia alamosensis (Coult.) Britt. & Rose 


Rathbunia alamosensis Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. 
Herb. 12:415. 1919.—Cereus alamosensis Coult., Contr. U. S. 
Nat. Herb. 3:406. 1896.—Type locality: Near Alamos, 
Sonora. 

Locally common on a gravelly cafion floor at the head of San 
Carlos Bay (4347). It much resembles Macherocereus gum- 
mosus in form and general habit, but is more slender and 
lighter green. The plants grow 9-12 dm. high with many 
weak differently appearing trailing stems about the base of the 
stout erect flowering ones. The flowers are scarlet. 


294. Wilcoxia striata (Brandg.) Britt. & Rose 


Wilcoxia striata Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 
12:434. 1909.—Cereus striatus Brandg., Zoe 2:19. 1891.— 
Cereus diguetii Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 1:319. 
1895.—T ype locality: San José del Cabo, Lower California. 

Frequent on the rocky benches bordering the salt-lagoon on 
Carmen Island (4146). A single large plant was found on a 
gravelly bench in a cafion on San Marcos Island (4179). The 
roots which radiate from the plant less than a decimeter under 
the ground, are thickened about 1-3 dm. from the plant to 
form large fusiform tubercules. These tubercules vary con- 
siderably in abundance, for some plants have only one or two 
while others have as many as 50. In size the tubercules vary 
from 5-20 cm. in length and from 5-60 mm. in thickness. It 
is estimated that the large plant taken on San Marcos Island 
had 5 kg. of tubercules. The average plant has about 1 kg. 
The plant grows 3-6 dm. high and has an erect stem 15-20 cm. 
high which is branched above into horizontal or arcuately re- 
curved branches 15-20 cm. long and of the thickness of a lead 
pencil. It is a difficult plant to find, due to its small size and 
general resemblance to a dead leafless shrub. It was called 
“tracamatraca” by a worker at the saltworks, “matraca’”’ by 
one of the sailors, and “caramatraca’”’ by a native on San Mar- 
cos Island. The tubercules are cut in two and applied over the 
lungs for ailments of those organs. Rose collected the species 
on San Josef Island. 


1120 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 


LXI. RHIZOPHORACE® 
295. Rhizophora mangle L. 


Rhizophora mangle L., Sp. Pl. 443. 1753.—T ype locality: 
Caribbean Sea. 

The mangrove was noted in the still waters of esteros and 
bays at Las Animas Bay (3492), Mulegé (3657), Coyote Bay, 
Puerto Ballandra on Carmen Island (3822), Danzante Island, 
Escondido Bay, San Josef Island, Espiritu Santo Island, and 
La Paz on the peninsula side of the gulf; and at San Carlos 
Bay and Guaymas on the mainland. The Las Animas station, 
where a single puny bush was found, probably represents the 
northernmost station on the Pacific Coast; the locality is at 
about 28° 50’ N. lat. The finest plants were seen at Coyote 
Bay where they became arborescent and over 9 m. in height. 


LXII. ComMBRETACER 
296. Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. 


Laguncularia racemosa Gaertn., Fruct. et Sem. 3:209, t. 217, 
f. 3. 1805.—Conocarpus racemosus L., Syst. ed. 10, 930. 
1759.—T ype locality: Not given. 

Seen only at Mulegé (3658), Coyote Bay, Carmen Island, 
Danzante Island, Escondido Bay, Agua Verde Bay (3908), 
San Josef Island, Espiritu Santo Island (4071), La Paz, and 
San Carlos Bay. The most northern observed station is San 
Carlos Bay where it is common at 28° N. lat. It was most 
common at Mulegé and La Paz where it grows with Rhizo- 
phora on shallowly submerged land along esteros. A small 
tree 24-45 dm. high. 


LXIII. Onacracez 
297. CEénothera angelorum Wats. 


Cnothera angelorum Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:49. 1889. 
—Type locahty: Los Angeles Bay, Lower California. 

Referred here are the common yellow-flowered annuals that 
grow on the sands at San Francisquito Bay (3572). The plant 
has strict or ascending stems 3-6 dm. long which were leafless 


Vor. X11] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1121 


at the time of collecting. An erectly growing annual seen on 
San Luis Island may also be referable here. 

Young plants of O. angelorum superficially resemble O. 
leptocarpa (Eulophus californicus), but the contorted fruit 
which commonly occurs near the base of the plant, the laxer 
habit of growth, and the longer hypanthium, all amply distin- 
guish angelorum. The closest ally of the latter species seems 
to be O. sceptrostigma Brandg. (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 
2:156. 1889) which comes from the western middle section of 
the peninsula. Brandegee’s species seems to differ only in 
habit, being acaulescent or having a few short trailing stems. 
The petals on the type of sceptrostigma are 15 mm. long, but in 
some other collections the petals are only 6 mm. long and well 
within the size of angelorum. CEnothera crassiuscula Greene 
(Pittonia 1:290. 1889) from San Bartolomé Bay belongs to 
the same immediate group of species and may be the same as 
sceptrostigma, although the habit is not correctly described for 
that species. 


298.  CEnothera cardiophylla Torr. 


CGnothera cardiophylla Torr., Pacif. R. R. Rep. 5:360. 1856. 
—Chylisma cardiophylla Small, Bull. Torr. Cl. 23:193. 1896. 
—Type locality: Near Fort Yuma, California. 

Seen only at San Luis Gonzales Bay (3339), and on San 
Luis (3318), Angel de la Guarda (4232), San Pedro Martir 
(3147), and San Marcos (3636) islands. It was collected 
from gravel, silt, and gypsum. It tends to become perennial 
and to be as much as 9-12 dm. high. The southern limit for 
the species appears to be about lat. 27° N. 


LXIV. UMBELLIFERZ 
299. Eryngium nasturtiifolium Juss. 


Eryngium nasturtiifolium Juss. in Delar., Eryng. 46, t. 17. 
1808.—T ype locality: Central America. 

A few plants were found growing in gravelly soil about 
some dried springs in the cafion at the head of San Carlos Bay 
(4359). It is prostrate and becomes as much as 7 dm. broad. 


1122 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


LXV. THEOPHRASTACE 
300. Jacquinia pungens Gray 


Jacquinia pungens Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II, 5:325. 1855. 
—T ype locality: Hills between Rayon and Ures, Sonora. 

Growing on alluvial plains at Guaymas (3113), San Pedro 
Bay (4295), and on the south end of Tiburon Island (4274). 
At Guaymas it formed only shrubby hedge-like growths 15-25 
dm. high, but elsewhere it commonly formed a very dense tree 
6-8 m. high. The trunk and limbs of the plant are ponderous, 
covered with dark, thin, rather smooth bark, and composed of 
a very weak brash wood. The trees seen were covered with 
nuts and the ground under them littered with shells left by 
rodents. 


LXVI. PRIMULACE 
301. Samolus ebracteatus H.B.K. 


Samolus ebracteatus H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2:223, t. 129. 
1817.—T ype locality: Cuba. 

On San Marcos Island (3631) this plant was often locally 
abundant about moist, salt-incrusted areas on the bottom of 
gypsum ravines. A few plants were found at Loreto (3799) 
growing in a saline spot near the ocean. The flowers are a 
definite pink in color. 


LXVII. Saporacez 
302. Bumelia occidentalis Hemsley 


Bumelia occidentalis Hemsley, Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 
2:298. 1881.—Bumelia fragrans Brandg., Zoe 5:106. 1901. 
—Bumelia brandegei Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. II, 52:76. 
1917.—T ype locality: “Sonora Alta’. 

Referred here are collections from Agua Verde (3904), 
San Pedro (4296), and San Carlos (4367) bays. The plants 
are large, upright, very spinescent shrubs 25-30 dm. high, 
which commonly form colonies in alluvial soil. The flowers, 
which are produced in great abundance, are pale yellow and 
strongly fragrant with a honey-like odor. The fruit is oblong 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1123 


with a light-colored, sweetish flesh, and a black, slightly glau- 
cous skin. 

The determination is not entirely satisfactory. The Agua 
Verde plants have very large flowers, long acuminate anthers, 
and other minor floral differences; whereas the San Pedro col- 
lection has smaller flowers, truncate staminodia, and subequal 
petals and appendages. A study of the material in the Brande- 
gee collection shows so much variation, and so little uniformity 
in corolla structures that one can justly question their value 
for specific differentiation. The type of B. fragrans and a 
Purpus collection (319) seem to agree, particularly so in the 
brown, lightly pubescent sepals. Future collections may vali- 
date fragrans, but at present it should not be recognized when 
better marked forms go unnamed. 


303. Sideroxylon leucophyllum Wats. 


Sideroxylon leucophyllum Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:59. 
1889.—T ype locality: Los Angeles Bay, Lower California. 

Trees representing this species were found on Angel de la 
Guarda Island (3365, 3409), Los Angeles Bay (3438, 3485), 
and Las Animas Bay (3507). Previously it has been known 
only from the original collection at Los Angeles Bay (Palmer 
516) and from about 115 km. farther north at Cafion de 
Santa Maria (Brandegee). The plant varies considerably in 
habit and habitat. On the peninsula, it was found only on dry 
rocky mountain sides, usually in open gulches and forming an 
erect, very heavy-trunked, scraggly tree 30-45 dm. high. On 
Angel de Ja Guarda Island, where it was collected at the north 
and south ends, it grew on rocky mountain sides but occurred 
as well along the borders of gravelly washes and formed a 
widely spreading, open tree 6 m. in height. The bark on the 
trunk is thick, furrowed, and fibrous. The milky sap quickly 
solidifies upon exposure to air into hard masses and forms good 
chewing gum. On trees growing on hillsides there is a strik- 
ing dimorphism in foliage. The leaves on the lower branches 
are only 15-30 mm. long and 6-8 mm. wide, and are commonly 
lightly tomentose; whereas the leaves on the vigorous long 
flowering stems are 5-9 cm. long, 2-4 cm. broad, and white 
with a close, dense tomentum. No mature fruit was collected, 


1124 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


but, judging from pieces picked up from under the trees, it 
must be globular, tomentose, 18-22 mm. broad, and only two- 
seeded. The ovary is densely tomentose and 5-celled. 


LXVIII. Exsenacea& 
304. Maba intricata (Gray) Hiern 


Maba intricata Hiern, Trans. Cambr. Philos. Soc. 12:126. 
1872.—Macreightia intricata Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5:163. 
1862.—T ype locality: Cape San Lucas, Lower California. 

On Ceralbo Island (4048, 4054) this plant is the prevailing 
and characteristic shrub along the cliffs and on the steep slopes 
near or facing the shore. While most abundant along the shore 
it is not confined there, for at El Mastrador it extends inland 
along a steep cafion wall for a half kilometer. The plant is a 
dense, pale-barked shrub 3-25 dm. high and 1-2 m. broad. 
When growing in exposed situations it assumes a flat-topped, 
hedge-like habit, but when sheltered it forms a comparatively 
loose growth and has a rounded crown. The ground beneath 
the plant is deeply covered with old leaves. The fruit seems 
to be a rich reddish brown and is glabrous when mature; it 
appears to be relished by rodents. This Maba is treated as 
Diospyros texana by Goldman (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 
16:359. 1916. Brandegee (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 3:150. 
1891) has given a detailed redescription of the species with 
which the collected material fully accords. 

It can be noted here that the persimmon of the Cape region 
is not closely related to Diospyros texana. ‘The plant that 
Brandegee first (Zoe 4:404. 1894) called D. texana, and 
later designated as the variety californica (Zoe 5:164. 1903), 
should be dissociated from D. texana and called Diospyros cali- 
fornica, n. comb. ‘The relationships of the plant are with the 
trees of western Mexico recently described by Standley (Contr. 
U.S. Nat. Herb. 18:119-121. 1916.). The peninsular material 
consists of a glabrate form and one that is brownish with a 
dense villous tomentum. Brandegee has indicated a tomentose 
specimen from the “cape region” as the type of his californica. 
The glabrate form, represented by his collection from San 
Bernardo, may be called Diospyros californica var. tonsa, n. 
var. 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1125 


LXIX. OLEACEz 
Forestiera sp. 


An indeterminable species of Forestiera was found to be in- 
frequent on the rocky bed of a cafion at the head of Candeleros 
Bay on Espiritu Santo Island (4078). It formed a large green 
shrub 18-24 dm. high. The collected material seems similar 
to topotypic material of F. phillyreoides (Benth.) Torr. 


LXX. APpocyNACEZ 
305. Macrosiphonia hesperia, n. sp. 


A shrub 7-10 dm. high, with numerous widely-branched, 
very loosely-tufted stems ; younger parts with a dense brownish 
pubescence; leaves opposite, ovate or orbicular-ovate, white- 
tomentose below, green and velvety hirsute above, blade 2-3 
cm. long, 18-24 mm. wide, base obtuse or rounded, apex short 
mucronate, petioles about 4 mm. long; flowers terminal, soli- 
tary or frequently geminate, on stoutish pedicels 4-17 mm. 
long; calyx oblong or oblong-spathulate, about 8 mm. long at 
anthesis, densely brownish hirsute outside, inside glabrous and 
below with pectinately arranged glands (ca. 8-10 per sepal) ; 
flowers 6-7 cm. long, glabrous, tube slender being 1-1.5 mm. 
wide and 4-5 cm. long, throat cylindrical 8 mm. long and 3-4 
mm. wide, lobes obliquely cuneate-obovate and about 13 mm. 
long and 1 cm. wide; follicles usually 10-12 cm. long, some- 
what torose, canescent with a fine antrorse pubescence, with 5 
erect plate-like glands arranged about base; seeds oblong or 
linear, wrinkled, 5-8 mm. long; coma copious, equalling or 
shorter than the seed. 

Type: No. 1294, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected May 21, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3807) from about cliffs back of 
Puerto Ballandra, Carmen Island, Gulf of California. 

This shrub appears to have a wide range along the southern 
part of the gulf shore of the peninsula. It was noted on 
Carmen (3807), Catalina, Santa Cruz, Espiritu Santo (3984), 
and Ceralbo islands; and at Escondido and Agua Verde 
(3888) bays. The only previous record is that regarding 
Palmer’s collection on Carmen Island (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 
1:132. 1892). The plant affects rocky ground and usually 


1126 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


grows where sheltered by cliffs. It is a true shrub, commonly 
having many very loosely tufted stems which are frequently 
coarse and very twiggy. The species is most closely related 
to M. macrosiphon, but differs in having a widely-separated 
range, much smaller, glabrous flowers, and shrubby habit. 


306. Vallesia glabra (Cav.) Link 


Vallesia glabra Link, Enum. Pl. 1:207. 1821.—Rouwolfia 
glabra Cav., Icones 3:50, t. 297. 1795.—Type locality: 
“Nova Hispania”. 

At Mulegé (3694), Loreto, Carmen Island, Escondido Bay, 
and La Paz (3026) this shrub was noted on subalkaline sandy 
soil. It produces hundreds of slender stems and forms a dense 
erect tufted growth 18-26 dm. high. The fruits and flowers are 
white, but the latter dry a bright orange. Several different 
people at La Paz called the plant “otatabe”. 


LXXI. ASCLEPIADACE 
307. Asclepias albicans Wats. 


Asclepias albicans Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:59. 1889.— 
Type locality: Ravine near Los Angeles Bay, Lower Cali- 
fornia. 

Collected on Tortuga (3608), South San Lorenzo (4193), 
San Esteban (3181), and Angel de la Guarda (3389, 4222) 
islands; also at San Luis Gonzales Bay (3350). The plant 
has a few strict branches which are distinctly woody below 
and as much as 35-40 mm. thick, 3 dm. above ground. The 
long, very glaucous whip-like branches are usually drooping 
at the apex, so that, although the stems may become 18-36 dm. 
high, the actual length of the plant is frequently much greater. 
No particular habitat seems favored, the plant growing in 
sandy washes, on gravelly benches, or on scoriz-covered hill- 
sides. In the Brandegee collection there are collections from 
La Paz and Magdalena Bay. The species is most nearly re- 
lated to A. subulata from which it conspicuously differs in 
flowers, the bud being obovate instead of globose in shape, and 
the hoods twice exceeding the stamens instead of exceeded by 
them. Asclepias albicans frequently has ternate leaves but 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1127 


subulata has them consistently opposite. The strict  little- 
branched woody habit seems to be characteristic of the species, 
but observations are not complete enough to warrant such a 
statement as an established fact. Future collectors may well 
keep this point in mind. 


308. Asclepias leptopus, n. sp. 


Loosely much-branched from a suffrutescent base, 46 dm. 
high; stems slender, glabrous, green or lightly glaucous about 
the nodes; leaves all opposite, filiform with revolute margins, 
attenuate below, 4-7 cm. long, 0.7-1.5 mm. wide, deciduous; 
umbels 3-8 flowered, usually terminal in groups; peduncles 0-2 
cm. long; pedicels slender, villous-puberulent, 9-15 mm. long; 
sepals 1.9 mm. long, linear-oblong, not firm; petals reflexed, 
nearly white, oblong, 5 mm. long, about 2 mm. wide; column 
evident, higher (by 1.0-1.1 mm.) than broad (0.7-0.9 mm.) ; 
hood broadly ovate when flattened out but appearing oblong 
in position, 3 mm. long, exceeding the stamens by 0.3-1 mm. 
entire, orange with a broad maroon medial line marking the 
insertion of the horn; horn adnate to the hood for about % 
length of latter and slightly exceeding it, claw-like, incurved 
and arching over stamens, about 2 mm. long; folicles ascend- 
ing or arrect (at least not erect), smooth, glabrous, linear- 
lanceolate, 3.5-4 cm. long, about 3.5 mm. wide; seeds light 
brown, about 2 mm. long, with a coma 1 cm. long. 

Type: No. 1295, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected July 8, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 4377) from crevices of a tufa cliff 
at the head of San Carlos Bay, Sonora. 

Found locally common in crevices on a tufa cliff that over- 
hangs the mangrove lagoon at the head of San Carlos Bay 
(4377). It grows in loose, leafless clumps and suggests a very 
slender form of A. albicans. In the National Herbarium there 
is a very good match for the type of A. leptopus in a specimen 
which was collected near Nacapuly, 15 miles west of Guaymas 
(Palmer 256, determined as A. galioides). Two Sinaloan 
collections by Brandegee seem referable to the species; one 
from Cerro Colorado seems to be typical A. leptopus, but was 
referred by its collector to A. mexicana (Zoe 5:216. 1905), 
while the second, from Altata, is atypical and larger in all its 


1128 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH SER. 


parts and was referred to A. albicans (loc. cit.). The new 
species has the aspect and habit of A. macrotis Torr., but has 
very different floral structures. It seems related to A. albicans, 
but Watson’s species is a large, very glaucous plant with quite 
different corona. The outstanding features of leptopus are its 
habit, opposite leaves, and coronal development. 


309. Asclepias subulata Decaisne 


Asclepias subulata Decaisne in DC., Prodr. 8:571. 1844.— 
Type locality: “Nova Hispania?”. 

Collected at La Paz (3060), Mulegé (3689), and Kino 
Point (4284). It is a very densely tufted plant becoming 3-12 
dm. high and always growing in sandy or gravelly soil. At 
Kino Point it grows on the dunes along the beach. It was called 
“jumente” at La Paz and its diluted milk reputed to be a vio- 
lent cathartic. Asclepias subulata seems to be more abundantly 
lactiferous than A. albicans, and to have a less thick waxy glau- 
cous coating on the stems. The two species were not found 
growing together, though they must do so at La Paz where 
Brandegee and Palmer collected the latter and I the former. 
The species is known only from Sonora, Lower California, 
Arizona, and California, and so could hardly have been col- 
lected by Pavon as originally given. Although this fact raises 
a doubt as to the proper application of the name to our plant, 
A. subulata is here taken up with some assurance due to 
Decaisne’s faithful, albeit brief description of the plant in mind. 


310. Cynanchum palmeri (Wats.) Blake 


Cynanchium palmeri Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. II, 52:83. 
1917.—Patiahas palmeri Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:60. 
1889.—Cynanchum penimsulare Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. II, 
52:83. 1917.—Type locality: Mulegé, Lower California. 

Climbing up through, and forming tangles in, shrubs at 
San Marcos Island (3620) where it grew on talus footing 
gypsum cliffs, at Mulegé (3685) where a single plant was 
found at the foot of a bare rocky over-grazed hill, and at 
Espiritu Santo Island (3965) where it grew in rocky gulches. 
The plant is perennial from a taproot and produces a number 


Vot. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1129 


of stems, the lower meter of which is covered with a deeply 
and irregularly much-furrowed, thick, pale corky bark. The 
peculiar corky bark is by far the most conspicuous feature of 
the plant. The follicles are smooth, shiny, and have a purplish 
brown mottling on a whitish ground color. The petals are 
wholly greenish yellow or in the southern plants sometimes 
margined with brownish. Blake has proposed a species to in- 
clude the coarser plants from the cape region, but that develop- 
ment is better called Cynanchum palmeri var. peninsulare, n. 
comb. The Espiritu Santo collection is referable to the variety. 
Brandegee (Zoe 5:165. 1903) has a note on the plant of the 
cape region. 


311. Marsdenia edulis Wats. 


Marsdenia edulis Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:61. 1889.— 
Type locality: On sandy saline mesas near saltwater at 
Guaymas, Sonora. 

This coarse twiner was collected at Guaymas (3118), San 
Carlos Bay (4370), and San Pedro Bay (4306). It is not 
restricted to saline soils, as Watson’s statement would suggest, 
for it grows over shrubs (usually armed) in gravelly washes 
and in cafions well back from the ocean. The plant forms a 
very open network of stems and not the matted tangled masses 
so characteristic of some other asclepiads. The fruit is ellip- 
tic-oblong, 7 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, with a horny peridium 
whose surface is smooth and light brown. At Guaymas it was 
called “‘tallote.”’ 


312. Funastrum lineare var. heterophyllum (Engelm.) Macbr. 


Funastrum lineare var. heterophyllum Macbr. Contr. Gray 
Herb. II, 49:50. 1910.—Philibertia linearis var. heterophylla 
Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 2:88. 1878.—Sarcostemma heterophylla 
Engelm. in Torr., Pacif. R. R. Rep. 5:362. 1857.—Philhber- 
tella hartwegii var. heterophylla Vail, Bull. Torr. Cl. 24:308. 
1897.—Philibertella heterophylla Cockerell, Bot. Gaz. 26:279. 
1898.—Type locality: Near Fort Yuma, Arizona. 

Growing abundantly on the moist cultivated bottom-lands at 
Mulegé (3684) and draping the shrubbery with masses of 


1130 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER. 


foliage and white flowers. The leaves become very large, some 
reaching 11 cm. in length and 35 mm. in width; the average 
measurements, however, are considerably smaller. 


LXXII. CoNvoLVULACEZ 
313. Cressa truxillensis H.B.K. 


Cressa truxillensis H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3:119. 1818. 
—Cressa cretica var. truxillensis Choisy in DC., Prodr. 9:440. 
1845.—T ype locality: Truxillo, Peru. 

Seen on Sal si Puedes Island growing near the shore, on 
Raza Island (3209) growing on a silty flat used as a nesting 
site by gulls, and on Santa Inez Island (3655) along a cobble- 
stone beach just above the high-tide line. This Cressa proba- 
bly is represented by the two unrecognizable scraps that Vasey 
and Rose (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:80. 1890) mention in 
their account of Isla Raza. 


314. Cuscuta americana var. congesta (Benth.) Progel 


Cuscuta americana var. congesta Progel in Martius, FI. 
Brasil. 7:376. 1871.—Cuscuta congesta Benth., Bot. Sulph. 
138. 1844.—T ype locality: Acapulco, Guerrero. 

Growing on low shrubs in a sandy wash at Guaymas (3117) 
where it has also been collected by Palmer and Brandegee. 


315. Cuscuta corymbosa var. stylosa (Choisy) Engelm. 


Cuscuta corymbosa var. stylosa Engelm., Trans. Acad. St. 
Louis 1:484. 1859.—Cuscuta stylosa Choisy, Mem. Soc. 
Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneve 9:283, t. 5, f. 2. 1841.—Type 
locahty: Mexico. 

Growing in large tangled masses on Vaseyanthus and 
Hofmeisteria in the steep draws that cut the high seaward 
cliffs of Isla Partida (3222). A similar plant was growing 
upon Bebbia on Ceralbo Island (4070). The latter collection 
varies considerably in size of flower, ranging between 4 and 6 
mm. in length, and may represent another species. Cuscuta 
corymbosa, or its varieties, has not previously been reported 
from the gulf area. It is readily distinguished from C. patens 
Benth. (Bot. Sulph. 35. 1844), the common coarse-stemmed, 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1131 


large-flowered species of the cape region, by its narrower non- 
imbricate sepals. Bentham’s description and discussion clearly 
show that patens is identical with C. macrocephala Schaffner 
(Yuncker, Univ. Ill. Biol. Monog. 6:126. 1919). Yuncker 
incorrectly lists patens in the synonymy of C. corymbosa var. 
grandiflora. 


316. Cuscuta leptantha var. palmeri (Wats.) Yuncker 


Cuscuta leptantha var. palmert Yuncker, Univ. Ill. Biol. 
Monog. 6:136, f. 34f, 91. 1919.—Cuscuta palmeri Wats., 
Proc. Am. Acad. 24:64. 1889.—Cuscuta polyanthemos 
Schaffner in Yuncker, Univ. Ill. Biol. Monog. 6:136, f. 31, 92. 
1919.—T ype locality: On Euphorbia at Los Angeles Bay, 
Lower California. 

Collected on species of Euphorbia at Las Animas Bay 
(3494) and San Nicolas Bay (3707). Two collections from 
La Paz and one from Los Angeles Bay also have been studied. 
All the collections examined, including the type of C. palmeri, 
and all collections seen and cited by Yuncker (l.c.), have 
uniformly four-parted flowers with lobes frequently recurved. 
The appendage developments characteristic of C. leptantha and 
C. palmeri, if ever distinct, at times certainly are indistinguish- 
able, and so, if the latter is to be kept up, it must be on the 
grounds of its distinct range and the tendency for its corolla- 
lobes to reflex. It might be noted that, in the suite of speci- 
mens studied, Jeptantha seemed to have more slender flowers 
and to dry a darker color than palmeri. Both species and 
variety grow usually, if not invariably, on Euphorbia. Cuscuta 
polyanthemos seems to be merely a large-flowered phase of 
palmer. 


317. Cuscuta umbellata H.B.K. 


Cuscuta umbellata H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3:95. 1818.— 
Type locality: Between Queretaro and Salamanca, Mexico. 
Growing over Boerhaavia, Portulaca, and Amaranthus at 
Coyote Bay (4177), and primarily over Amaranthus at Mar- 
quer Bay on Carmen Island (3837). The material may be 
referable to Yuncker’s variety reflexa, but it is very mature 


1132 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 


and there is no certainty even of the specific determination. 
Brandegee has several collections from the cape region, and 
Palmer has one from Guaymas. 


318. Cuscuta veatchii Brandg. 


Cuscuta veatchii Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:189. 
1889.—T ype locality: Ubi, Lower California. 

Seen only at Los Angeles Bay (3430, 3439) where local 
infestations were frequent on trees of Veatchia. It is a very 
peculiar species, forming net-like growths that drape the upper- 
most branches of large trees. In one instance the parasite 
came within 15 dm. of the ground, but in all others it grew in 
a belt, well over 3 m. above the ground. Brandegee has re- 
marked concerning the improbability of terrestrial seed germi- 
nation and has suggested that probably the seeds germinate in - 
the crotches of the branches. His hypothesis, however, does 
not allow for the infestation of new trees nor does it take ac- 
count of the fact that the bark of the host is smooth and is 
annually exfoliated. The life history of this species presents 
an interesting subject for future observation and study. The 
species has been previously known only through Brandegee’s 
three original collections from Ubi, San Enrique, and Santa 
Maria; all stations between 29° and 30° N. lat. The Academy 
collection comes from about 75 km. east southeast of Ubi, the 
most southern of Brandegee’s localities. 

Yuncker (Ill. Biol. Monog. 6:159. 1919) has referred to 
C. veatchu certain collections from San Diego County, Cali- 
fornia, and The Needles, Arizona. Even though the writer 
has not examined these specimens, he feels that the reference 
should be strongly questioned, for C. veatchii is so striking in 
its habit and so restricted to Veatchia where it has been seen 
by Mr. Brandegee or the author, that a reference of Californian 
material to it seems incongruous. It is also significant that 
Yuncker’s C. Veatchii var. apoda apparently represents a speci- 
fically distinct unit most nearly related to C. salina. Three of 
the four collections that Yuncker refers to his variety apoda 
(loc. cit.) have been examined. These collections differ from 
C. veatchiu in their larger flowers, subsessile anthers, longer 
acute (not rounded) corolla-lobes, and more elongate floral 


Vou. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1133 


appendages which reach just to, and not beyond, the point of 
staminal insertion. It is indeed strange that Yuncker should 
consider the Nevadan plants, which grow on Atriplex and 
other chenopods, as specifically identical with the Veatchia- 
infesting peninsular plant. The Nevadan plants referable to 
Yuncker’s C. veatchii var. apoda should be dissociated from 
C. veatchit and called Cuscuta nevadensis, n. sp. 


319. Ipomcea aurea Kell. 


Ipomea aurea Kell. in Curran, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1:143. 
1885.—Aneisia aurea Kell., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 5:83. 
1873.—Operculina aurea House, Muhl. 5:68. 1909.—T ype 
locality: San José del Cabo, Lower California. 

A very beautiful vine that is frequent from Loreto south- 
ward. It climbs trees of Lysiloma which grow along gravelly 
washes, and produces its strikingly beautiful bright yellow 
flowers in abundance. In certain localities some flowers have 
ten magenta spots low in the tube, whereas other flowers are 
entirely yellow. The plant was seen at the following localities: 
Loreto (3779, 3795), Escondido Bay, Agua Verde Bay 
(3875), San Evaristo Bay, San Josef Island, Espiritu Santo 
Island, Ceralbo Island (4027), and La Paz. 


320. Ipomoea pes-capre (L.) Roth 


Ipomea pes-capre Roth, Nov. Sp. Pl. 109. 1821.—Con- 
volvulus pes-capre L., Sp. Pl. 159. 1753.—Type locality: 
India. 

This rankly growing, coarse plant creeps over the sand and 
forms broad patches on the beach at La Paz (3074) where it 
is known as “‘tripa de aura”. Elsewhere it was seen only at 
San Nicolas Bay where a few small plants grew on the dunes. 
This latter station, about 26° 30’ N. lat., is the northernmost 
recorded station on the Pacific shore of North America. The 
plant is reported as common on the beaches south of La Paz. 


321. Jacquemontia eastwoodiana, n. sp. 


Perennial, shrubby near the base, canescent with a dense 
close tomentum ; stems 6-9 dm. long with short (1 dm. or less) 
laterals, usually non-twining ; leaves orbicular-ovate to oblong- 


1134 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. 


ovate, base cordate, tip mucronate, blade 1-2 or rarely 3 cm. 
long, 10-18 or rarely 25 mm. wide; petioles 2-4 or at times 8 
mm. long; peduncles cymosely 1-3-flowered, upper ones 1-3 
cm. long, lower at times 5-6 cm. long; bracts subulate, decidu- 
ous, 1-4 mm. long, inconspicuous; pedicels 1-3 mm. long; 
sepals very unequal; outer sepals broadly ovate, short-acumi- 
nate, 6-9 mm. long, 5-6 mm. broad; corolla bright blue, funnel- 
form, 12-15 mm. long, limb 12-16 mm. broad; capsule ovate or 
orbicular-ovate, 4-5 mm. long, the 4 valves divided; seeds 
black, closely and minutely papillate, 2-2.5 mm. long. 

Type: No. 1296, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected May 17, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3742) on the summit of Ildefonso 
Island, Gulf of California. 

Collected on Tortuga (3591) and Ildefonso (3742) islands, 
and at Mulegé (3662) and San Nicolas Bay (3722). What 
is no doubt the same was seen on all the large islands from 
Carmen Island southward. The plant is quite variable as to 
habit, for it is either a small bush 4-5 dm. high covered with 
lax branches, or it trails and occasionally twines through large 
shrubs, or, as on Ildefonso Island, forms large prostrate mats. 
It is a pretty and very attractive plant when covered with its 
myriads of small bright blue flowers. 

The nearest relative of J. eastwoodiana is J. abutiloides 
Benth. (Bot. Sulph. 34. 1844), but it differs from the latter 
species in its denser pubescence, smaller and shorter petioled 
leaves, shorter branches, fewer (1-3 instead of 3-5 flowered 
and shorter peduncles, smaller flowers, broader sepals with 
short (not prolonged) acuminate tips, and shorter deciduous 
inconspicuous bracts. Jacquemontia abutiloides ranges over 
the western part of the cape region extending from Magda- 
lena Bay, the type locality, southward to San José del Cabo. 
On the other hand, J. eastwoodiana ranges from San José del 
Cabo northward, primarily along the gulf shore, to at least 
Calmalli (Purpus 205) and Tortuga Island. The notes on 
Jacquemontia given by Goldman (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 
16:361. 1916) probably refer partially to the new species, but 
those by Brandegee (Zoe 2:148. te) are based entirely 
upon J. abutiloides. 

This new species is named in honor of Miss Alice Eastwood, 
curator department of botany, California Academy of Sciences. 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1135 


LXXIII. PoLeEMoNIACEe 
322. Gilia palmeri Wats. 


Gilia palmeri Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:61. 1889.—T ype 
locality: Near Los Angeles Bay, Lower California. 

Found in a condition fit for collecting only at San Luis 
Gonzales Bay (3327) where it was very common on the broad 
sandy plain that heads the bay. It was noted as frequent over 
the higher parts of San Luis Island, as infrequent on Angel 
de la Guarda Island, but as extremely abundant on Pond 
Island where, at the time of our visit, the dried plants gave a 
straw-color to many slopes. A few dried plants were seen at 
Los Angeles Bay. Watson gives the color of the corolla as 
violet, but on all the plants seen by me the corollas were pink 
and the anthers bluish. The plant, which is very open in its 
growth, is branched from the base with many widely ascend- 
ing laterals, and usually grows 3-6 dm. high. The base of the 
stem is woody and the root is persistent. Vasey and Rose 
(Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 11:536. 1890) give similar observa- 
tions based on specimens from back of Lagoon Head. 


LXXIV. HyprRoPHYLLACER 
323. Nama coulteri Gray 


Nama coulteri Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8:283. 1870.— 
Nama hispidum var. coulteri Brand Pflanzenr. 4°°7:154. 
1913.—T ype locality: “California”, perhaps Lower California. 

A few specimens of this Nama were taken from the edge 
of a cornfield that bordered on the tule-lined reservoir in the 
cultivated bottoms at Mulegé (3674). The plant appears to 
be frequent over the southern two-thirds of the peninsula, for 
it has been collected at Santa Agueda (Palmer 240), Magda- 
lena Bay (Lung), San Gregorio (Brandegee), La Paz 
(Brandegee), and San José del Cabo (Anthony 348, Brande- 
gee). This peninsular plant has been confused with N. demis- 
sum Gray, even by Brand (op. cit. 159) who cites under that 
name the Brandegee collections just mentioned. The Santa 
Agueda collection of Palmer was distributed as N. hispidum, 
but reported as N. demissum (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:85. 
1890). Nama coulteri and its near relative N. hispidum are 


1136 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser. 


readily distinguished from all forms of N. demissum by the 
shape of the leaves, insertion of the stamens, and polyspermous 
capsules. 

The closest relatives of N. coulteri are those broad-leaved 
plants which Brand referred to N. hispidum var. mentzelii and 
N. hispidum var. coulteri. From N. hispidum var. mentzelii 
Brand, which properly includes the broad-leaved form of hispi- 
dum usually called coultert, true coulteri differs in its more dif- 
fuse habit, very slender, sparsely pubescent, loosely branched 
stems, usually shorter, and proportionately broader, thinner 
leaves, looser, few-flowered inflorescence, and filiform not flat- 
tened filaments. Typical N. hispidum, as exemplified by the 
type series of specimens, is the slender, usually erect-growing 
plant with small narrow linear leaves which is most common 
in western Texas. 

It is a remarkable fact that this seemingly endemic peninsu- 
lar species is exactly represented in the type of Nama coulteri. 
Its presence in Coulter’s collections suggests that he may have 
visited some of the ports of Lower California and that others 
of his collections labeled “California” may also have come from 
_ the peninsula. 


324. Phacelia scariosa Brandg. 


Phacelia scariosa Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:185. 
1889.—T ype locality: Magdalena Island. 

Two collections of this species were made, both on gravelly 
floors of cafions in the Sierra Giganta; one from back of Escon- 
dido Bay (4111), and the other from near Agua Verde Bay 
(3884). The specimens closely match the type. 


LXXV. BORAGINACEX 
325. Bourreria sonore Wats. 


Bourreria sonore Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:62. 1889. 
—Type locality: Mountains about Guaymas, Sonora. : 

Frequent over the southern and eastern parts of the penin- 
sula, and on the adjacent islands. Due to the unfavorable 
season at the time of our visit, the plant was collected only at 
La Paz (3051), Carmen Island (3813), and Ceralbo Island 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1137 


(4060), but the unmistakable herbage and habit were recog- 
nized at San Carlos, San Pedro, San Nicolas, Agua Verde, 
Escondido, and San Evaristo bays; at Guadalupe Point, and 
Loreto; and on Monserrate, Danzante, San Diego, Santa Cruz, 
San Josef, San Francisco, and Espiritu Santo islands. It was 
nowhere abundant, usually occurring sparingly in gravelly 
washes intermixed with Lysiloma or less frequently on rocky 
hillsides with Fouquieria and Bursera. It is a weak, open, 
erect-growing irregular shrub 1-3 m. high. On Carmen Island 
it was much browsed by cattle. 


326. Coldenia canescens var. subnuda, n. var. 


Nutlets nude or merely pubescent towards the apex, not 
long silky over most of the back. 

Type: No. 1297, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected May 16, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3731) on a stony bench at San 
Nicolas Bay, Lower California. 

Common on rocky mesas at San Nicolas Bay (3731) where 
it forms flat-topped, shrubby growths 15-25 cm. high and 3-5 
dm. broad. Also locally common on the benches that top the 
sea-cliffs at Marquer Bay on Carmen Island (3839). The 
only other collections from the region are those made by 
Brandegee at San Gregorio and Calamajuet. The plant has 
probably migrated into the peninsula from extreme southern 
California into which it has come from Arizona and New 
Mexico. ‘The variety here proposed includes those forms of 
canescens that occur in southwestern United States and Lower 
California, and which differ from the plants of eastern Mexico 
in their nude or merely slightly pubescent (not densely long 
silky) nutlets. 


327. Coldenia cuspidata n. sp. 


A dichotomous perennial, forming matted growths 1-4 dm. 
broad, usually closely prostrate but occasionally depressed 
bushy and 1-2 dm. high; stem shrubby, young branches brittle, 
white with a dense villous-tomentum, the tomentose bark peel- 
ing off, leaving older stems with a rough exfoliating brown 
papery bark; leaves crowded in flat fascicles; leaf-blade ovate 
to lance-ovate, cuspidate-acute, 2-6 mm. long, 1-4 mm. wide, 


1138 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER. 


margins entire and strongly revolute, hirsute, mid-rib pro- 
nounced, veins few and faint; petioles triangular, dilated 
towards the base, 1-2 mm. long, densely white villous; flowers 
axillary, rather few; calyx sessile, crowded in among the leaves 
and hard to distinguish from them, densely villous-hirsute; 
sepals oblanceolate, obtuse or acutish, about 2 mm. long, 
joined by a membrane for over half their length and thereby 
forming a tube, sinuses rounded or even square, lobes occasion- 
ally unequal; corolla pale bluish, salverform, 3-4 mm. long, 
tube 2.5-3 mm. long and exceeding the calyx, lobes imbricate 
and half again as wide as long, unappendaged; stamens un- 
equal, insertion slightly unequal and usually 0.9-1.1 mm. above 
the base of the corolla-tube; filaments linear-filiform, practi- 
cally undilated; anthers with the oblong cells deeply grooved 
and therefore appearing as if 4-celled; pistil 2.5-3.5 mm. long; 
style 2-parted, lobes 0.8-3 mm. long; ovules 2, usually one 
aborted; nutlets adnate to style for about 4/5 of former’s 
length, dark brown, about 1-1.3 mm. long, oblong-ovate or 
globose, surface covered with fine close-set lineately-arranged 
granulations, when solitary the ventral face somewhat flat- 
tened and bearing the elevated oblong pallid basal remnant of 
the style, when both ovules develop the ventrally flattened 
nutlets detaching from the cuneate gynobase by a low-placed 
circular scar. 

Type: No. 1298, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected May 12, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3617) in gypsum soil on San 
Marcos Island, Gulf of California. 

Collections of this species were made on San Marcos Island 
(3617), and at Loreto (3778), Mulegé (3678), and San 
Nicolas Bay (3712). It usually grows in sandy or gravelly 
places, commonly in washes, but about the type locality it 
grows on talus footing gypsum cliffs. It is not a new dis- 
covery, for Palmer collected it in 1889 at Santa Rosalia (195), 
and soon after Brandegee found it near Magdalena Bay. The 
plant appears to range over the southern middle segment of 
the peninsula. According to field notes, the San Marcos plants 
have “very faded bluish”, and the Mulegé plants “pale rose- 
color” corollas. Palmer (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:85. 
1890) notes that the Santa Rosalia plants have “rose-colored” 
flowers. 


Vor. X11} JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1139 


The proposed new species unquestionably belongs to Gray’s 
section Eddya, and among North American species is nearest 
to C. hispidissima. Coldenia cuspidata, however, can be distin- 
guished at once from its relative by its 2 ovules, smaller and 
more finely marked nutlets, smaller corollas, differently shaped 
leaves, united sepals, and undilated filaments. Not only is 
cuspidata morphologically distinct, but it is separated from the 
nearest stations of hispidissima by half the length of the penin- 
sula, by the gulf, and by all of Sonora. The peninsular form 
is certainly distinct, but why it has remained so long unpub- 
lished is puzzling. Perhaps this is due to the small size and 
foliage-simulating nature of the calyx; a fact which might 
cause fruiting specimens to be passed by as sterile. 

Coldenia cuspidata appears to have its closest relative in C. 
darwini of the Galapagos Islands, but is readily separated from 
that species by its united calyx-lobes, larger nutlets, and smaller 
corollas. The northern plant is also notable because of its two 
ovules. As pointed out in the study on South American Col- 
denias (Contr. Gray Herb. 70:58. 1924), C. dichotoma 
and C. grandiflora regularly mature only two nutlets, but this 
is due to the regular abortion of two of the four ovules de- 
veloped. Coldenia cuspidata produces only two ovules. The 
relationship of C. cuspidata to the other North American spe- 
cies may be appreciated by a study of the following natural 
key. 


Nutlets not distinct in situ, when all devel- 
oped the flattened inner faces closely 
appressed against one another to form 
a lobed or unlobed fruit. (Stegnocar- 
pus, Ptilocalyx, Lobophyllum) §Eucot- 
pDENIA DC. 
Inflorescence capitate; only one nutlet de- 
veloping; sepals subulate; a low bushy 
Geyably) SnocusdaososaaoepobaeunDanoodne.poNOC C. greggi (Torr.) Gray 
Inflorescence axillary; 4 nutlets commonly 
developing; sepals narrowly lanceo- 
late; prostrate shrubby plant. 
Nutlets densely villous on back...............--+0:. C. canescens DC. 
Nutlets sparsely if at all villous.............. C. c. subnuda Johnston 


1140 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH Ser. 


Nutlets distinct in situ, without flattened 
proximate inner faces, the fruit 4-parted 
when all nutlets develop. 

Corolla-appendages present; petioles long, 
never villous; leaf blade with evident 
impressed veining above. §TiIQUIL- 
Iopsis Gray. 

Annuals; corolla pink or white; sepals 
with pungent bristles, not densely 
villous; style surpassed by calyx; 
cotyledons horseshoe-shaped........ 

Perennials; corolla bluish; sepals villous; 
style exceeding calyx; cotyledons 
suborbicular or ovate, at most nicked 
and never horseshoe-shaped. 

Leaves with about 6 pairs of deeply 
impressed veins; corolla 4.5 mm. 
long, with weakly developed ap- 
pendages; cotyledons oblong; nut- 
lets oblong-ovate, cuneate in trans- 
verse cross-section, usually black, 


smooth and shiny................. 


Leaves with only 3 or 4 shallowly im- 
pressed veins; corollas 4.5-6 mm. 
long, with well developed append- 
ages; cotyledons orbicular; nut- 
lets nearly spherical, brown or 
plumbeous, usually granulate and 


Gi cooboocsancos050000ag00500008 


Corolla-appendages wanting; petioles short 
or long, frequently villous; leaf blades 
usually without evident impressed 
veining. (Galapagoa, Eddya) §Eppya 
Gray. 

Ovules 2; sepals joined for about half 
their length; nutlets granulate; 
leaves cuspidate .......... Siac nens : 

Ovules 4; sepals distinct; nutlets 
coarsely papillose; leaves not cuspi- 
date. 

Petioles triangular, indurated. 
Blade 1-1.5 mm. wide, narrower than 
petiole; Tex. N. M., and n. e. 


aN eb Can ern ey espa RA HIOn 
Blade 1.5-3 mm. wide, twice width 
of petiole; Nev. to Utah and Ariz. 


weenie tae ate C. nuttallit Hook 


fs ae C. plicata (Torr.) Cov. 


Sames tieereeee C. palmeri Gray 


Ree C. cuspidata Johnston 


.C. hispidissima (Torr.) Gray 


Fe ee .C. h. latior Johnston 


Vor. XII) JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1141 


Petioles linear, herbaceous. 

Petiole short, a third or less the 

length of blade; leaves crowded.,......... C. tomentosa Wats. 
Petiole long, half longer than blade; 

leaves not crowded. 

ae canescent, more or less to- 
mentose; petioles sparsely if 
at all villous-cilliate; leaves 
orbicular-ovate or ovate, vein- 
ing obscure; sepals villous-to- 

MEN LOSE Le hres crlacieeael ste ilo Sue eieiaueieons C. mexicana Wats. 
Plant green, sparsely long ap- 
pressed hispid; petioles with a 
dense conspicuous villous-cil- 
iation; leaves lance - ovate, 
acute, veining evident; sepals 

PS Pid seas settee ey Aes oais Sac leraltailanaewnes C. purpusi Brandg. 


328. Coldenia palmeri Gray 


Coldenia palmeri Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8:292. 1870.— 
Triquiliopsis palmeri Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mts. 711. 1917.— 
Coldenia angelica Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:62. 1889.— 
Coldenia brevicalyx Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:62. 1889.— 
Type locality: “Lower Colorado River’, probably from ex- 
treme western Arizona. 

Collected at San Luis Gonzales Bay (3343), Angel de la 
Guarda Island (4210), Los Angeles Bay (3426), San Francis- 
quito Bay (3571), Tiburon Island (4248), and Kino Point 
(4287). Apparently the only other Mexican collections of this 
species are Palmer’s from Los Angeles Bay (type collection of 
C. angelica), and Brandegee’s from Calamujuet. At Kino Point 
and on Tiburon Island the plant grew in the dunes along the 
ocean, but usually it grew in sandy washes or on the alluvial 
plains back from the shore. It forms a shrubby subprostrate 
mat-like growth 1-2 dm. high and 3-9 dm. broad. It appears 
to be perennial, the stems becoming very woody and attaining 
3-8 mm. diameter. A stem 4 mm. thick had nine growth rings. 
With such desert plants, however, it is difficult to say whether 
or not it is perennial or merely a long-lived annual that has 
grown more or less continuously throughout the year. The 
flowers are a faded light-blue or almost purple, and remain 
closed until after the middle of the forenoon. 


1142 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47TH Ser. 


It should be noted that in the present paper the name “Col- 
denia palmeri” is not used in the current sense, but is applied 
to that concept which has almost universally been called C. 
brevicalyx. This new usage has resulted from a study of the 
sheet which is the dual type of C. palmeri Gray, and C. brevi- 
calyx Wats. ‘The sheet mentioned consists of a single mounted 
plant and a large pocket containing some scraps. With the 
exception of a small twig in the pocket (hardly 1% of the total 
material) the plant represented is clearly that current under 
the name of C. brevicalyx. The small twig in the pocket is 
the plant usually called C. palmeri. Gray apparently never dis- 
tinguished between the species which Watson called C. brevi- 
calyx and C. palmeri. Watson, after a study of Gray’s type of 
Coldenia palmeri, limited the name C. palmeri “to the one of 
Palmer’s original specimens which has the leaves plicate-lineate 
by about 6 pairs of straight and strong veins”, or in other 
words to the tiny scrap in the attached pocket. He then pro- 
ceeded to describe the remaining material as C. brevicalyx. 
Watson’s interpetation of C. palmeri is unjustifiable. Gray 
naturally would, and evidently did, consider the mass of the 
material in the Palmer collection as typical of his C. palmeri, 
for it was the atypical scrap in the pocket that was the basis 
of his supplementary statement that the leaf-surface in the 
younger specimens was “strongly and beautifully plicate”. In 
comparing his species with C. fusca and C. nuttallit, and in 
citing Watson’s King’s Expedition specimen (which is typical 
C. nuttallu,), Gray further showed that in his mind the name 
C. palmeri was coupled with the plant which had shallowly 
and remotely nerved leaves, and which simulates C. nuttallit 
and C. fusca, or in other words with the major portion of 
Palmer’s specimen and that called C. brevicalyx by Watson. 
There seems no other recourse, therefore, than to consider 
C. brevicalyx Wats. as synonymous with C. palmeri Gray. 
The plant with conspicuous plicate nerves and that which has 
been usually called C. palmeri should be called C. plicata Cov. 
Coldemia brevicalyx is supposed to have smaller flowering 
parts than C. angelica, but as these developments are not geo- 
graphically correlated the recognition of the two species is 


aa 
’ 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1143 


inadvisable, especially as material from Los Angeles Bay (type 
locality of C. angelica) is indistinguishable from typical brevi- 
calyx. Coldenia angelica has priority of position over C. 
brevicalyx. 


329. Coldenia plicata (Torr.) Cov. 


Coldenia plicata Coy., Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4:163. 1893. 
Coldenia brevifolia var. plicata Torr., Bot. Mex. Bound. 136. 
1859.—Coldenia palmeri of Wats. and recent authors, not of 
Gray.—T ype locality: Colorado Desert, California. 

Frequent on the dunes at Tepoca Bay (4407). Quickly 
recognized by its deeply veined, densely pubescent leaves. 


330. Cordia brevispicata M. & G. 


Cordia brevispicata M. & G., Bull. Acad. Brux. 11°:331. 
1844.—Cordia palmeri Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:62. 1889. 
—Cordia socorrensis ‘Brandg., Erythea 7:5. 1899.—T ype 
locality: Tehuacan, Puebla. 

Collected at San Carlos (4364), San Pedro (4319), and 
Agua Verde (3873) bays, and on Espiritu Santo (3967, 
4075), and Ceralbo (4049) islands. Usually only a few plants 
were seen at each locality, but at San Carlos Bay and at Can- 
deleros Bay on Espiritu Santo Island the plant was rather fre- 
quent. It appears to affect gravelly situations, usually occur- 
ring in cafions and particularly about large rocks. It has ex- 
ceedingly numerous, strictly ascending stems which form a 
dense domed growth 1-2 m. high. The plant has a peculiar 
odor which suggests that of the drug, coltsfoot. The corolla 
is creamy yellow and has more or less recurved lobes. The 
species is not frequent over the southern portions of the penin- 
sula but ranges as far north as San Pablo where Purpus col- 
lected it in 1898. 


331. Cryptantha angelica n. sp. 


A rather dense depressed rounded plant 15-25 cm. high; 
stems spreading, branched from the base with numerous re- 
branched laterals, brown and glabrous below, canescent and 
strigose above; leaves linear, 8-24 mm. long, 1-2 mm. wide, 


1144 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc, 478 Ser. 


conduplicate, strigose and densely pustulate below, very 
sparsely strigose and sparingly pustulate above, not particu- 
larly numerous; inflorescence of numerous biserial unilateral 
naked very floriferous spicate-racemes that occur in groups of 
1-3 on short peduncles nearly throughout the plant; corolla 
white, very inconspicuous, about 1 mm. long, lobes about 0.25 
mm. long, tube shorter than sepals; fruiting calyx about 2 mm. 
long, strictly ascending, subsessile or on pedicels 0.5 mm. 
long, lobes linear-lanceolate ribbed and conspicuously hirsute, 
axial lobe the shortest the least pubescent and least evidently 
ribbed ; nutlets 4, heteromorphous with the nutlet adjacent the 
abaxial sepal the largest and most persistent, all nutlets nar- 
rowly ovate, sharp-margined and dark with pallid tubercules, 
odd nutlet (about 0.7 mm. long) exceeding the gynobase by 
0.2 mm., homomorphous nutlets (about 0.6 mm. long) exceed- 
ing gynobase by 0.1 mm.; style about 0.5 mm. long, exceeding 
odd nutlet by about 0.4 mm.; groove of nutlets usually closed 
above but lower third usually dilated to form a shallow tri- 
angular areola. 

Type: No. 1299, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected June 30, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 4221) on a silty flat near the south 
end of Angel de la Guarda, Gulf of California. 

A few plants of this species were collected on a silty flat on 
Angel de la Guarda Island (4221) at a point just opposite 
Pond Island. The relations of the plant are with C. inequata, 
but this plant differs from that species in its denser inflor- 
escence and much smaller calyces and nutlets. The related 
species, those with sharp or beveled or wing-edged nutlets, 
may be distinguished by the following key: 


Nutlets inconspicuously roughened, plano- 
convex in cross-section, face flat, back 
rounded. (C. seorsa Macbr.)...............s0000- C. costata Brandg. 
Nutlets conspicuously roughened, not plano- 
convex in cross-section. 
Calyx evidently pedicelled; long-lived an- 
nuals. 
Nutlets homomorphous; calyx persistent........... C. holoptera Gray 
Nutlets heteromorphous; calyx de- 
Ciduaus) Aye eee eee C. racemosa (Wats.) Greene 


Vor. XIT] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1145 


Calyx sessile or subsessile; short-lived 
annuals. 
Style exceeding the nutlets. 
Nutiets heteromorphous; calyx mod- 
erately broad. 
Inflorescence dense; fruiting calyx 
about 2 mm. long; nutlets 0.6- 
OF amnm longeentnc ie Coes eseines cas ae C. angelica Johnston 
Inflorescence loose; fruiting calyx 
2.5-3.0 mm. long; nutlets 1.7 
Pivriigny Gils | oe Ao bos BE OO NN SeeCCCO CBODOOUS C. inequata Johnston 
Nutlets homorphous; calyx very broad...C. pusilla (T.&G.) Greene 
Style shorter than nutlets. 
Nutlets 4-3, usually broadly winged...C. pierocarya (Torr.) Greene 
Nutlets 1-2, narrowly winged........ C. utahensis (Gray) Greene 


332. Cryptantha angustifolia (Torr.) Greene 


Cryptantha angustifolia Greene, Pitt. 1:112. 1887——Eri- 
trichium angustifolium Torr., Pacif. R. R. Rep. 5:363. 1856. 
—Krynitzkia angustifolia Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20:272. 
1885.—T ype locality: Fort Yuma, Arizona. 

Collected on Tiburon (4390), San Luis (4391), and Angel 
de la Guarda (4227) islands. What was probably the same 
was noticed on the dunes at Tepoca Bay. Known on the penin- 
sula only through collections of Palmer, who collected it at Los 
Angeles Bay (606) and at Santa Agueda (241). 


333. Cryptantha grayi var. cryptochzta (Macbride), n. comb. 


Cryptantha micromeres var. cryptocheta Macbride, Contr. 
Gray Herb. II, 48:46. 1916—Cryptantha filiformifolia Mac- 
bride, Contr. Gray Herb. II, 48:45. 1916.—Type locality: 
San José del Cabo, Lower California. 

Collections representing this small-flowered southern form 
of C. grayi were made on a sandy clearing at La Paz (3055, 
3071). Cryptantha grayi (Vasey & Rose) Macbride (op. cit. 
43) is a well-marked species related to C. angustifolia and to 
C. micromeres, but readily distinguished from each by its 
homomorphous nutlets and southern range. In having the 
style much exceeding the nutlets it agrees with C. angustifolia 
but differs from C. micromeres, for the latter plant has the 
style and largest nutlet subequal. Macbride has described sev- 


1146 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [PrRoc. 47H Ser. 


eral forms in this group apparently because he confused C. 
micromeres and C. grayi. One of his names, however, can be 
used to designate the small-flowered plant that replaces the 
large-flowered typical form in the cape region of the peninsula. 


334. Cryptantha grayi var. nesiotica, n. var. 


Nutlets etuberculate or with only a few pallid tubercules, 
surface usually wrinkled and unicolored; stems stouter and 
more or less densely villous-strigose. 

Type: No. 1300, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected May 30, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3947) on the dunes on San Fran- 
cisco Island, Gulf of California. 

This is a frequent plant on the dunes on Coronados (3947), 
San Francisco (3766), and Espiritu Santo (3994) islands. 
It represents a small-flowered insular development of the 
species characterized by its coarser, villous-strigose stems and 
by its etuberculate nutlets. The root frequently contains a 
purple dye which stains the collecting papers. 


335. Cryptantha maritima Greene 


Cryptantha maritima Greene, Pitt. 1:117. 1887.—Krynitz- 
kia maritima Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1:204. 1885.— 
Krynitzkia ramosissima of Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
1:203. Aug. 1885. not Gray Jan. 1885.—Type locality: 
Guadalupe Island off west coast of Lower California. 

Common on a silty flat on Angel de la Guarda Island 
(4237). Rare on the sandy plain at San Francisquito Bay 
(4394). A very common plant on the western part of the 
peninsula and on the islands off that shore. On the gulf side 
it appears to be largely replaced by the following variety: 


336. Cryptantha maritima var. pilosa Johnston 


Cryptantha maritima var. pilosa Johnston, Univ. Calif. Pub. 
Bot. 7:445. 1922.— Type locality: About Los Angeles Bay, 
Lower California. 

On San Luis Island (4392) this is frequent in sheltered 
places, particularly among rocks. It was seen at no other point. 
The only peninsular material seen is that collected by Palmer 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1147 


at Los Angeles Bay (551) and at Santa Agueda (242). The 
Santa Agueda collection is a mixture, for the Gray Herbarium 
material was correctly determined by Macbride (Contr. Gray 
Herb. II, 56:58. 1918) as C. echinosepala, whereas the ma- 
terial in the University of California herbarium is clearly the 
pilose form of C. maritima. Cryptantha echinosepala Macbride 
is a very distinct peninsular species which is most closely re- 
lated to C. angustifolia, but which is readily distinguished from 
the latter by its commonly reddish stems, shorter style, and by 
its peculiar calyx whose axial (instead of abaxial) lobe is the 
the longest and most hispid. At present C. echinosepala is 
known only from about Magdalena Bay, La Paz, and Santa 
Agueda. 


337. Cryptantha racemosa (Wats.) Greene 


Cryptantha racemosa Greene, Pittonia 1:115. 1887.— 
Eritrichium racemosum Wats. in Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 
17:226. 1882.—Krynitzkia racemosa Greene, Bull. Calif. 
Acad. Sci. 1:208. 1885.—Krynitzkia ramosissima Gray, 
Proc. Am. Acad. 20:277. 1884.—Cryptantha suffruticosa 
Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 32:42. 1919.—Type locality: 
Mesquite Cafion near Mesquite Station, Imperial County, 
California. 

Collected at Las Animas Bay (3505), and on Angel de la 
Guarda (3374, 4204), San Esteban (3171, 3175), Tiburon 
(4255), South San Lorenzo (4192), and San Marcos (3621) 
islands. On the gulf islands known otherwise only from Car- 
men Island (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:133. 1892). The 
plant affects rocky ground, usually growing on cafion sides. 
It varies much in habit of growth, having a single, subsimple, 
stiffly erect stem, or several widely spreading branches that 
produce many long, strict, subsimple branches, or one or two 
repeatedly and loosely branched bushy stems. The growth is 
usually irregular and the appearance decidedly unkempt. It 
is commonly 3-6 dm. high, but occasionally the virgate 
branches become close to a meter in length. The collections 
are very constant and check closely with typical material. The 
only notable atypical development is that in number 4204 
where the calyces are almost bare of spreading hirsute bristles. 


1148 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


This species is usually said to be perennial, but observations 
do not bear out that statement. It seems probable that it is 
merely a persistent annual that flowers continuously through- 
out the year and becomes more or less suffruticose. No plants 
were seen that produced shoots from the year-old indurated 
base. It is a notable fact that dead wood is conspicuously rare 
even in large thriving plants of C. racemosa, close observa- 
tion showing that all growth on the plant is less than a year 
old and that when part dies all usually dies. The condition in 
C. holoptera is probably the same. If the persistence of these 
two species is to be emphasized it is best stated by terming 
them “long-lived” annuals. The more evanescent species, 
which form the bulk of the genus Cryptantha, may be termed 
“short-lived” annuals. 


338. Heliotropium inundatum Swartz 


Heliotropium inundatum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 40. 
1788.—T ype locality: West Indies. 

Collected in an empty tinaja in the mountains back of Agua 
Verde Bay (3883) and in moist sand near a spring in the hills 
back of San Pedro Bay (4327). 


LXXVI. Lasiata 
339. Hyptis emoryi Torr. 


Hyptis emoryi Torr., Bot. Ives Rep. 20. 1860.—Mesosphe- 
rum emoryt Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2:526. 1891.—T-ype local- 
ity: “Upper Colorado” River, Arizona. 

Referred to this species are the collections from Tepoca Bay 
(3304), Tiburon Island (3257, 4253), San Esteban Island 
(3165), and South San Lorenzo Island (3539). These speci- 
mens all agree in having the foliage about 2 cm. long, ovate, 
and densely tomentose. They are much more tomentose than 
are average specimens from Arizona and California. The 
plant usually grows on gravelly cafion floors and is a strictly 
though openly branched upright shrub 15-25 dm. high. Hyptis 
emoryi is very close to H. albida H.B.K., of which it is per- 
haps only a form. 


Vor. XIT] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1149 


340. Hyptis emoryi var. amplifolia, n. var. 


Leaves ample, blade becoming 85 mm. long and 35 mm. 
wide, green above and frequently green also below. 

Type: No. 1301, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected May 24, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3852) in a wash at Escondido 
Bay, Lower California. 

Of this variety only a single collection was made, and that 
the type. The plant was very common on the diluvial plain at 
the foot of the Sierra Giganta back of Escondido Bay. It 
formed an erect-growing open shrub nearly 3 m. high. It is 
apparently common over the southern portions of the peninsula 
and includes the plants referred to M. palmeri by Goldman 
(Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16:363. 1916). It differs from 
palmeri in range and in its larger leaves. Some plants of 
amplifolia have the leaves glabrous on both surfaces, but in 
others, as the type specimen, they are closely tomentose be- 
neath. Two sheets collected by Brandegee at Magdalena Bay 
and on Margarita Island are referred to amplifolia with doubt. 
The specimens are more woody, and due to the excessively 
woolly calyces and long peduncles, have an inflorescence very 
similar to that in H. laniflora. 


341. Hyptis emoryi var. palmeri (Wats.), n. comb. 


Hyptis palmeri Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:68. 1889.— 
Mesospherum palmeri Goldman, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 
16:363. 1916.—Type locality: Arroyos about Guaymas, 
Sonora. 

To this variety, which is a very poor one, are referred the 
collections from Guaymas (3101) and Angel de la Guarda 
Island (3359, 3401). Also referable to it are Palmer’s collec- 
tions at Guaymas (278), and Los Angeles Bay (573), and 
Brandegee’s from Guaymas. The type collection, which is 
more luxuriant than other collections from about Guaymas, 
probably came from a sheltered place and so is not typical of 
the common plant about the type locality. As here interpreted, 
palmeri is the form of emoryi with leaves commonly 2-3 cm. 
long, frequently deltoid-ovate, and usually bicolored with the 


1150 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. 


upper surface green and the lower face usually pallid with a 
close tomentum. Some plants are at first tomentose and later 
become glabrate. 


342. Hyptis laniflora var. insularis (Standley & 
Goldman), n. comb. 


Mesospherum insulare Standley & Goldman, Contr. U. S. 
Nat. Herb. 13:375. 1911—Type locality: Espiritu Santo 
Island. 

This form is frequent in the gravelly washes on Espiritu 
Santo (4072) and Ceralbo (4030, 4040) islands. It forms a 
loose shrub 10-25 dm. high. The original description gives 
the height as 3-6 m., but these measurements must be incor- 
rect, for, though many plants were seen at the type locality 
and elsewhere, none even approached that height. At Ruffo’s 
Ranch on Ceralbo Island the plant was browsed down to a 
compact twiggy mass about a meter high. 

The insular plants are frosty white with a close tomentum. 
This departure from the green and glabrous condition, typical 
of the species in its strict sense, is here treated as the variety 
msularis. Standley and Goldman emphasize the leaf-shape as 
the crucial character, but plants with obtuse or rounded or 
retuse leaves: come even from San José del Cabo, the probable 
type locality of H. laniflora. Sinuate and entire leaf-margins 
also occur on the peninsular material. Furthermore, the insu- 
lar plants appear to go through the same gamut of variation 
in leaf-shape as does the material from the peninsula. It is 
evident that leaf-shape can not be used as a diagnostic char- 
acter, and so the geographically linked variation is better as 
the variety insularis. 


343. Salvia californica Brandg. 


Salvia californica Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:197. 
1889.—T ype locality: Calmalli, Lower California. 

Locally very abundant in a broad sandy draw at Los Angeles 
Bay (3428). It is a shrub 10-15 dm. high with very numer- 
ous tufted stems and an extremely large amount of dead wood. 
The dense, almost solid, mass of tufted stems is not infrequently 
over 6 dm. broad at the base. The corolla is blue with an 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1151 


oblong yellow mark on the lower lip. Although the habit and 
peculiar foliage make the plant very interesting, it is neverthe- 
less utterly lacking in esthetic qualities. The collection at Los 
Angeles Bay extends the known range of the species. Since its 
discovery in 1889 the plant has been known only from the two 
stations, Calmalli and Cordon Grande, given by Brandegee 
under the original description. Goldman (Contr. U. S. Nat. 
Herb. 16:363. 1916) reports it from near San Pablo, but that 
is essentially the same as Cordon Grande. The new station is 
about 100 km. north of Calmalli. The range of the species is 
therefore that part of the peninsula between 28° and 29° N. lat. 
The four known collections are remarkably constant in char- 
acters. 


344. Salvia platycheila Gray 


Salvia platycheila Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8:292. 1870.— 
Type locality: Carmen Island. 

This species is quite common in a narrow cafion back of 
Puerto Ballandra on Carmen Island (3810) where it forms an 
open, erectly branched shrub 1-2 m. high. The plant is usually 
scraggly and asymmetrical, and grows in crevices in steep 
gulches or on talus footing cliffs. Previously the species has 
been known only from collections made on Carmen Island by 
Palmer (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:133. 1892). Its occur- 
rence can now be reported on Santa Cruz Island (3920) where 
it is common in rock crevices in rocky cafions and becomes 2 
m. high. Both collections are sterile, but are identical in vege- 
tative characters. 


LXXVII. VERBENACEE 
345. Avicennia nitida Jacq. 


Avicennia nitida Jacq., Enum. Pl. Carib. 25. 1760.—Type 
locality: Isle of Martinique. 

Noted at San Carlos Bay, Tepoca Bay (3288), Guadalupe 
Point Coyote Bay, Coronados Island (3758), Carmen Island 
(3821), Escondido Bay (4393), Danzante Island, San 
Evaristo Bay (4089), San Josef Island, Espiritu Santo Island, 
and La Paz (3045). Brandegee has collections from Guaymas, 


1152 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


La Paz, and Magdalena Bay. The northernmost known sta- 
tion for the Pacific coast of North America seems to be Tepoca 
Bay in almost 30° N. lat. 

The tree is frequent along the southern coast of the penin- 
sula and is usually associated with Rhizophora and Laguncul- 
aria. It differs from Rhizophora in its selection of habitat, 
growing usually on the saline tide-flats or on the less deeply 
submerged land close to the high-tide line, and on the shore 
just back of the Rhizophora-thickets. Usually it is an upright 
shrub 25-30 dm. high, but at times it becomes a widely 
branched tree nearly 75 dm. in height. The flowers are creamy- 
yellow and very pleasantly fragrant. The foliage of Avicennia 
is frequently covered with a layer of salt. Although many 
insects are attracted to the flowers the entomologist found that 
beating yielded more salt-flakes than insects. At La Paz and 
on Carmen Island the plant was pointed out as “mangle.”’ 


346. Citharexylum flabellifolium Wats. 


Citharexylum flabellifolium Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:67. 
1889.—T ype locality: Ravines about Guaymas, Sonora. 

Locally frequent in the gulches and about the summits of the 
bluffs along the ocean at Marquer Bay on Carmen Island 
(3840). An intricately though openly branched shrub 1-2 m. 
high with coarse, short, more or less spinescent branches. The 
fruit is black and somewhat baccate. On the peninsula it has 
been collected only at Comondt. 


347. Lippia palmeri Wats. 


Lippia palmert Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:67. 1889.—T ype 
locality: Arroyos about Guaymas, Sonora. 

This is a frequent plant about Willards Point (4267) and 
along the southeast shore on Tiburon Island. It is a character- 
istic shrub on rocky benches and on the drier, lower slopes of 
the hills, and forms a rounded bushy mass of many slender 
twiggy stems 6-10 dm. high. The collected specimens seem to 
have slightly smaller, less rugose, and less crenate leaves than 
do the other available collections of this species. 


Vo. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1153 


LXXVIII. SoLanaceza 
348. Datura discolor Bernh. 


Datura discolor Bernh., Trommed. N. Jour. Pharm. 26:149. 
1838.—Datura thomasii Torr., Pacif. R. R. Rep. 5:362. 1856. 
—T ype locality: West Indies. 

Collected on Isla Partida (3226) where confined to talus 
slopes on the cliffs facing the ocean, and at Freshwater Bay on 
Tiburon Island (3260) where a single colony was noted in a 
sandy draw. 


349. Lycium richii Gray 


Lycium richti Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6:46. 1862.—Lycium 
palmeri Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8:292. 1870.—Lycium hassei 
Greene, Pittonia 1:222. 1888.—Type locality: La Paz, Lower 
California. 

This is the common species of Lycium in the gulf area, and, 
according to Goldman (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16:364. 
1916), the common one on the peninsula. Collections were 
made only at La Paz (3027, 3061) and Los Angeles Bay 
(3425), and on San Pedro Martir (3154), Raza (3215), 
Partida (3233), and Ildefonso (3747) islands. The plant, 
however, was present at nearly every station in the gulf area. 
Brandegee has a collection from San José del Cabo, and 
Palmer (71, 230) has collections from Guaymas. From these 
stations it extends northward to the Channel Islands off the 
coast of California. 

The plant is usually a rigid, divaricately branched, open 
shrub 9-12 dm. high, but at La Paz it grows partially supported 
by other shrubs and becomes 25 dm. high. The flowers are 
lilac or violet, and are either 4- or 5-merous. The calyx varies 
considerably and it is quite evident that the elongated sepals 
must now be considered as merely indicative when present, 
and not the sine qua non of the species. Flowers with long 
sepals frequently occur on the same branch as other flowers 
with short sepals. It is not at all difficult to find specimens 
which are clearly of the same species, yet which could by the 
stressing of sepal length be violently and unnaturally dissoci- 


1154 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. 


ated. Short sepals appear erratically and in all degrees in 
peninsular material, a fact which indicated that sepal develop- 
ments are not fixed in L. richu and so not worthy of taxonomic 
consideration. The plant from the Channel Islands (Catalina 
Island) which has long gone under the name of L. richii, seems 
best designated as Lycium richii yar, hassei, n. comb. These 
plants have exceptionally long oblanceolate sepals. 

Lycium richw seems to be nearest to L. californicum (which 
has a synonym in L. carinatum Wats.), from which it differs 
in somewhat larger, more tubular flowers, frequently lanceo- 
late sepals, and oblanceolate to cuneate-obovate, broader, 
thicker leaves. The foliar difference between the two species 
is by far the most striking and satisfying. 

A small-flowered Lycium grows in the cape region which 
Brandegee (Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 6:359. 1916) has named 
L. penmsulare. Though it is quite distinct from richii it is too 
close to L. parvifolium Gray (Proc. Am. Acad. 6:48. 1862) 
and seems better called Lycium parvifolium var. peninsulare, 
n. comb. The reflexed corolla lobes and protruding stamens, 
emphasized by Brandegee, are not always present even in his 
suite of specimens from the Cape region. 


350. Lycium umbellatum Rose 


Lycium umbellatum Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:74. 
1890.—T ype locality: La Paz, Lower California. 

Collected at La Paz where it is infrequent on the low bluffs 
along the ocean and along the shallow arroyos near the shore. 
It forms rather open bushes 20-35 dm. high. The fruit is red 
and 8-10 mm. in diameter. This species seems to differ from 
L. brevipes Benth. (Bot. Sulph. 40. 1844), which originally 
came from Magdalena Bay, and from L. fremonti Gray (Proc. 
Am. Acad. 6:46, 1862) chiefly in its broader leaves. The 
species is densely villous glandular and more densely so than 
fremonti. Lycium brevipes is glabrate. The latter species has 
been greatly misunderstood or neglected. It is the same as L. 
cedrosense Greene (Pittonia 1:268. 1889) and is very close to 
L. fremonti. The original description of brevipes is meagre, 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1155 


but that diagnosis supplemented by Mier’s description and plate 
(Ill. So. Amer. Pl. 2:117, t. 69c. 1857) and by a fine series 
of specimens collected about the type locality by Brandegee, 
make the present use of the name practically certain. The 
Lycium species now known from the peninsula may be dis- 
tinguished by the following key : 


Corolla small, 4-7 mm. long, rarely 7-8 mm., but then 
usually with lanceolate sepals. 
Corolla 4-5 mm. long, lobes usually recurved; stamens 
and style frequently conspicuously exserted ; 
CAPE TEZION........ cece sees eee eset eee e cette L. parviflorum 
Corolla 5-7 mm. long, lobes spreading; stamens and 
style not conspicuously exserted. 
Leaves linear-oblanceolate, 1-2 mm. wide; sepals al- 
ways short and broad; corolla averaging smaller 
and shorter than next; mainly near the ocean....L. californicum 
Leaves oblanceolate to cuneate-obovate, commonly 4 
mm. wide; sepals commonly lanceolate; not re- 
stricted to proximity of ocean...............-.-- L. richit 
Corolla large, 8-12 mm. long; sepals always short. 
Corolla cut halfway to base, tube 2 mm. long, lobes 
much exceeding the throat; San José del Cabo in 
salt marshes...........eeceece eects eee ceseeeseces L. carolinianum 
Corolla cut less than one-fourth to base, tube 3-5 mm. 
long, lobes much shorter than throat. 
Leaves small, becoming 2-4 mm. wide; fruit 4-5 mm. 
broad; corolla slender; slender bushy shrub 1-2 ; 
m. high; northern part of peninsula.............-. L. andersonii 
Leaves large, becoming 8-14 mm. wide; fruit 8-14 mm. 
broad; corolla coarser; stout open shrub 1-4 m. 


high. 
Leaves glabrate, usually less than 8 mm. wide; 
western part of peninsula...............-..--- L. brevipes 
Leaves glandular-villous, usually 1 cm. wide; known 
only from La Paz..............eeeee reece eee L. umbellatum 


351. Nicotiana clevelandi Gray 


Nicotiana clevelandi Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 2:242. 1878.— 
Type locality: Chollas Valley near San Diego, California. 

Locally common on a dry shell-beach at La Paz (3029). 
Apparently a very common species in the western portions of 
the peninsula and on the adjacent islands. 


1156 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


352. Nicotiana trigonophylla Dunal 


Nicotiana trigonophylla Dunal in DC., Prodr. 13*:562. 1852. 
Type locality: Aguas Calientes, Mexico. 

Referred here are collections from Guaymas (3090), San 
Pedro Martir Island (3150), Pelican Island (4282), Isla 
Partida (3234), Angel de la Guarda Island (3358), Sal si 
Puedes Island (3523). The material is not uniform, but con- 
tains two forms with very different pubescence. One, repre- 
sented by the first four collections cited, has short glandless 
hairs and is only clammy viscid; the other, represented by the 
last two collections, is densely glandular villous-tomentose and 
is so oily that it heavily stains the collecting papers. The two 
forms deserve some nomenclatural recognition, but at present 
it seems impossible to determine which is the typical form. 
Nicotiana palmeri Gray (Syn. Fl. N. A. 2:242. 1878) of 
Arizona seems intermediate in its characters, but nearest to the 
eglandulose form. Though usually herbaceous in California 
the plants in the gulf area evince a tendency to persist more 
than a year. They even develop a ligneous base. The plants 
on Angel de la Guarda Island are especially notable for their 
rank growth, dense oily pubescence, and woody basal develop- 
ment. 


353. Physalis crassifolia Benth. 


Physalis crassifolia Benth., Bot. Sulph. 40. 1844.—Physalis 
muriculata Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1:209. 1885.—Type 
locality: Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 

A small collection of the typical phase of this species was 
made at San Francisquito Bay (3577). The species is widely 
distributed, extending from the Magdalena plain northward 
into California, Arizona and Nevada. The peninsular plants 
are certainly perennial. The corolla is rotate in typical ma- 
terial, but in the northeast part of the peninsula it varies into 
the funnelform shape characteristic of the following variety: 


354. Physalis crassifolia var. infundibularis, n. var. 


As in the species but corolla funnelform and as long or 
longer than wide. 


Vor. XIT] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1157 


Type: No. 1302, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected June 30, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 4203) on a gravelly beach near 
the south end of Angel de la Guarda Island, Gulf of California. 

Collected at San Luis Gonzales Bay (3325), Angel de la 
Guarda Island (3380, 4203), San Esteban Island (3174), and 
Los Angeles Bay (3483). Brandegee has collections from 
Calamujuet and Cajon de Santa Maria. The variety appar- 
ently replaces the species in that part of the peninsula, particu- 
larly the eastern part, lying between latitude 29° and 31° N. 
Certain collections from California (e.g., Hall & Chandler 
6809 from the Ord Mts.) may also be referable to the variety. 
The habits of the species and variety are similar, both being 
found in gravelly or sandy places, both having perennial roots 
and usually bushy or globose tops 1-6 dm. high. The surface 
of the plants may be glabrate, or as in the type of the variety, 
densely oily villous. There is no correlation between pubes- 
cence and flower form. 


355. Physalis versicolor var. microphylla Rydb. 


Physalis versicolor var. microphylla Rydb., Bull. Torr. Cl. 
22:307. 1895.—Type locality: Guaymas, Sonora. 

Frequent on San Francisco Island (3952) where it grows 
among small cobblestones on an elevated beach and forms 
bushy growths 2-4 dm. high. It is perennial and is heavily 
oily glandular-villous. The flowers are white with a sordid 
mustard-colored center. The plant also grows on San Diego 
Island, and the same or a very similar plant grows at El Mas- 
trador on Ceralbo Island. The variety may represent an 
ecological form, but it appears very different from the ample 
and thin-leave typical plant. The island collections agree very 
closely with isotypes of the variety. 

There are seven species of Physalis on the peninsula. 
Physalis equata and P. angulata were reported with doubtful 
determinations ‘by Brandegee (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 
3:156. 1891) from San José del Cabo. The bases for these 
records appear to have been specimens of P. pubescens and P. 
filipendula. As Brandegee (Zoe 5:166. 1903) has pointed 
out, P. hastata Rydb. (Mem. Torr. Cl. 4:363. 1896) is 
synonymous with P. glabra Benth. Physalis filipendula Brandg. 


1158 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 


(Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 10:187. 1922) is the peninsular repre- 
sentative of the wide-spread P. philadelphica group. It differs 
from P. philadelphica chiefly in its long pedicels which equal, 
instead of being much exceeded by, the petioles; it may be 
only a variety. The peninsular species of Physalis may be 
distinguished by the following key: 


Plant annual. 
Pedicels less than half the length of petioles. 
Plants large, over 1 m. high; fruiting calyx very 
sharply angled, 4-6 cm. long, conspicuously 
subulate-acuminate ..........c.eeeceecsceees ....P. nicandroides 
Plants small, under 5 dm. high; fruiting calyx more 
rounded, 20-25 mm. long, not conspicuously 
ACUIMINM At! Whey. jesseesere classicsat feieceimicrosie eciatevateloreleleieiein ce eeye P. pubescens 
Pedicels equalling or exceeding petioles. 
Anthers purplish or bluish; fruiting calyx 35 mm. 
long; leaves 5-14 cm. long; sepals at anthesis 
acuminate; pedicels filiform; plant simple be- 
low, branched above; cape region.................. P. filipendula 
Anthers yellow; fruiting calyx 20-25 mm. long; 
leaves 3-4 cm. long; sepals at anthesis deltoid; 
pedicels coarser; bushy plants, branched from 
base; northern Lower California...................00 P. greenet 
Plant perennial. 
Leaf blade lanceolate; stems very elongate, prostrate 
or clambering ejects ache eferciers cele tieleloeiestieltereye ....P. glabra 
Leaf blade ovate-deltoid or cordate; bushy tufted 
erect-growing plants. 
Leaves all conspicuously crenate and usually thin; 
corolla with dark center, usually small, turn- 
ingupurplishwinvdryings eee eee eee eerie. P. versicolor 
Leaves entire or mostly so, usually thickish; co- 
rolla yellow, usually large, not turning purplish 


in drying. 
Gorollatrotatei aren rane cn coe see eaboeneee beeen P. crassifolia 
Corolla funnelform ...................0005 ....P. c.infundibularis 


356. Solanum hindsianum Benth. 


Solanum hindsianum Benth., Bot. Sulph. 39. 1844.—Type 
locality: Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 

A common shrub in the gulf area. Collections were made 
at La Paz (3060), San Esteban Island (3178), Angel de la 
Guarda Island (3421, 4201), and Tepoca Bay (3302). It was 


Vot. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1159 


observed on South San Lorenzo, Santa Cruz, San Josef, San 
Francisco, Espiritu Santo, and Ceralbo islands; and at Santa 
Rosalia and San Francisquito Bay. According to Goldman 
(Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16:364. 1916) the plant is common 
on the peninsula between the towns of San Francisquito and 
San Ignacio. The most northern collection seems to have been 
made at San Quintin by Orcutt. It appears to be rare in the 
cape region, La Paz and San José del Cabo being the only 
reported stations there. Much less is known of its distribution 
in Sonora. It must be wide-spread for Palmer collected it at 
Guaymas and MacDougal is accredited (Contr. U. S. Nat. 
Herb. 16:17. 1912) with a collection in the Pinacate Moun- 
tains in the northern part of the state. 

The plant is a shrub 10-25 dm. high with a few long 
branches which are usually spreading though not infrequently 
strict. Gray refers the species to S. eleagnifolium, but the two 
species seem amply distinct. They differ in habit of growth, 
root, size of flower, direction and length of pedicels, size, thick- 
ness and margin of leaves, and in distribution. 


LXXIX. ScropHULARIACEE 
357. Antirrhinum cyathiferum Benth. 


Antirrhinum cyathiferum Benth., Bot. Sulph. 40, t. 19. 1844. 
—Antirrhinum chytrospermum Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12:81. 
1876.—T ype locality: Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 

Collected at the north (3386) and south (4202) ends of 
Angel de la Guarda Island, at the north end of Tiburon Island 
(4414), at San Francisquito Bay (3575), and at San Nicolas 
Bay (3730). There are specimens in the Brandegee collec- 
tion from Magdalena Island, Calmalli, and Santa Gertrudis. 
It is apparently widely distributed over the peninsula. An 
unattractive, glandular annual herb with coarse, erect stems, a 
very floriferous habit, and very peculiar seeds that strongly 
suggest those of Mohavea. A study of the type of A. chytro- 
spermum reveals no characters by which it can be separated 
from Bentham’s species. Regarding this relation, see the notes 
by Curran (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 1:234. 1888), and 
Vasey and Rose (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:74. 1890). 


1160 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 


358. Bacopa monniera (L.) Wetts. 


Bacopa monniera Wetts., in E. & P., Nat. Pflanzenf. 4%» :77. 
1891.—Gratiola monniera L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 851. 1759.— 
Herpestis monniera H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2:366. 1817.— 
Type locality: Jamaica. 

Forming mats on wet, weakly alkaline soil at Loreto (3798) 
and San Evaristo Bay (4092). The only other peninsular 
collections are those by Brandegee from Todos Santos and San 
José del Cabo. 


359. Conobea intermedia Gray 


Conobea intermedia Gray in Torr., Bot. Mex. Bound. 117. 
1859. Stemodia polystachya Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
II, 2:191. 1889.—Conobea polystachya Minod, Bull. Soc. 
Genéve, II, 10:226 (1918).—T ype locality. About the Cop- 
per Mines, New Mexico. 

Found only on Espiritu Santo Island (3976) where it grows 
in dirt-filled crevices on the mesa-like summits of the basalt 
ridges near the crest of the island just north of the Isthmus. 
It is a perennial, prostrate herb. The plants from New Mexico 
seem to be annuals and it is possible that Brandegee’s name 
may be used for the peninsular form. Brandegee (Zoe 5:168. 
1903) has reduced his own species to synonymy. The genus 
Conobea is very close to Stemodia, but, as sessile anther-cells 
and divided leaves seem to run constant through the former, it 
probably is distinct. 


360. Galvezia juncea (Benth.) Gray 


Galvezia juncea Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22:311. 1887.— 
Maurandia juncea Benth., Bot. Sulph. 41. 1844.—Antirrhinum 
junceum Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7:377. 1868.—Saccularia 
veatchu Kell., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2:17. 1860.—Type 
locality: West coast of Lower California, probably at San 
Quintin. 

The typical form of the species is, as pointed out by Brande- 
gee( Zoe. 5:167. 1903), the glabrate plant with reduced leaves. 
It appears to range over the western part of the peninsula, 
particularly in the middle and northern portions. There are 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1161 


collections in the Brandegee herbarium from Cedros Island, 
Salado Cafion, San Julio Cafion, and Calmalli. The collections 
mentioned by Goldman (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16:364. 
1916) are probably also referable here. No collections were 
made of this plant. 


361. Galvesia juncea var. foliosa, n. var. 


Galvesia glabrata Brandg., Zoe 5:167. 1903.—T ype local- 
ity: San Felipe, Lower California. 

Collected on San Pedro Nolasco Island (3133), on South 
San Lorenzo Island (3530), and at Las Animas Bay (3510). 
In the Brandegee collections there are specimens from San 
Felipe and Saucito. The type is a very slender form in which 
the branches have a suggestion of the prehensile nature char- 
acteristic of Antirrhinum. In other than its slenderness, the 
type is identical with our specimens, having the same glaucous 
stems and large glabrous leaves. The variety differs from the 
species only in its well-developed foliage. 

The plant always occurred about cliffs where it either grew 
on the talus or on ledges on the cliff-face. It is commonly a 
loose, erectly branched, weak-stemmed shrub. Usually it is 
9-12 dm. high but, when supported, it frequently attains twice 
that height. The corolla is scarlet outside and pallid inside, 
bearing tawny bristles on the strongly embossed insect-guides 
of the palate. The four stamens are flattened and densely vil- 
lous below. 


362. Galvesia juncea var. pubescens (Brandg.), n. comb. 


Galvesia speciosa var. pubescens Brandg., Zoe 5:167. 1903. 
—Galvesia rupicola Brandg., Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 6:360. 
1916.—T ype locality: On the rocks of Cape San Lucas, Lower 
California. 

Specimens of this variety were collected on Angel de la 
Guarda (3420) and Espiritu Santo (3980) islands. The 
specimens from Angel de la Guarda presents one of those sad 
cases where two forms grow from one root, for part of the 
plant, the most in fact, has the characters of the variety pubes- 
cens while certain branches and leaves are typical of the variety 


1162 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser, 


foliosa. ‘The specimen which is the common type of Brande- 
gee’s species and variety, and a collection from Saucito have 
been also studied. Brandegee (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 
3:225. 1892) admits that the cape plant approaches juncea 
even about its type locality. The variety is evidently only the 
pubescent state of the variety foliosa. 


363. i\Maurandya flaviflora, n. sp. 


Perennial (?) forming loose mat-like growths 2-5 dm. 
broad and about 1 dm. high; clammy-oily villous throughout; 
stems slender, branched mainly near base; leaves bright green, 
thin, numerous, alternate, very broadly cordate or reniform, 
coarsely serrate, 20-25 mm. long, 25-40 mm. wide; petioles 
slender, non-tortuous, 1-3 cm. long; flowers axillary; pedicels 
slender 20-25 mm. long, in fruit becoming coarse contorted and 
5-10 cm. long; calyx 5-parted, in flower 11-12 mm. long with 
lobes foliaceous and the upper the longest (9 mm. long), ac- 
crescent in fruit becoming firmer with lobes ovate and tube 
more developed; corolla pale yellow, cylindrical, glabrate out- 
side, 25-28 mm. long; corolla-tube 4-5 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, 
glabrous within, stamens attached at about the middle and 
adnate to beginning of throat; corolla-throat ampliated, 7-8 
mm. wide at the middle, about 15 mm. long, within the lower 
part pubescent with numerous short flat yellow hairs (as is 
also the lower part of the filaments ) ; corolla lobes broadly ovate 
or orbicular, not spreading, upper pair longest and united for 
about a third their length, lower lobes 3-4 mm. long with mid- 
dle one the shortest; stamens 4, protruding 2-6 mm., fifth 
represented by small appendage near middle of corolla tube 
and between shorter pair of filaments; filaments flat, upper pair 
shortest being only 25 mm. long, lower pair about 28 mm. 
long ; anther-sacs about 1.25 mm. long, circular, discrete, diver- 
gent, dehiscent about margins; pistil filiform, equalling or 
longer than stamens; fruit a turgid laterally compressed many- 
seeded capsule about 1 cm. broad; valves short-acuminate, 
above forming 2 crest-like apices in whose sinus is borne the 
subpersistent style; seeds brown with high irregular coarse 
corky longitudinal ridges, oblong, almost 2 mm. long. 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1163 


Type: No. 1303, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected May 8, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3504) from the walls of a narrow 
cafion in the hills near Las Animas Bay, Lower California. 

This remarkable species was seen but once, in a very inter- 
esting little gorge in the hills about 3 km. south from the head 
of Las Animas Bay at an altitude of about 250 m. It grew 
from crevices on a sheltered cliff at the head of the gorge and 
was locally rather common. It differs from all other members 
of its genus in having tortuous pedicels, crested capsules, pro- 
truded stamens, and yellow corollas with non-spreading lobes. 
It appears to be separated by part of the Sierra Madre and 
over 7 degrees of longitude from its closest congener. The 
nearest relative seems to be M. geniculata Robins. & Fern., a 
form which may be only the apterous phase of M. erecta Hems- 
ley. By Hemsley’s revision of the genus (Gard. Chron. II, 
17:22. 1882) the new species would fall with M. barclayana 
and M. scandens, but most decidedly its relations are not there. 
It seems quite evident that the past treatments of Maurandya, 
based, as they mainly are, on seeds, are unnatural, and that they 
separate species which are certainly related. A much better 
treatment can be made by the use of other characters and with 
only subsidiary use of seed developments; for example, the 
following synopsis : 


Body of seed flat; sepals thick, gibbose be- 
low, midrib and reticulate veining very 
evident. Subgenus Epixiphium................. M. wislizenit Engelm, 
Body of seed circular in cross-section, thick; 
sepals foliaceous, not evidently ribbed or 
veined, not at all gibbose. Subgenus 
Eumaurandya. 
Anther-sacs oblong, confluent or in con- 
tact; clayx parted, lobes lanceolate; 
leaves deltoid, glabrous; vines. §Us- 


TERIA. 
Calyx conspicuously long glandular 
Pubescente ’<jyasia ccssvocis tireieisimioreresm ose ulareclae M. barclayana Lindl. 
Galyxiiglabratensycisascleseiscisieeveeierereieecsee M. scandens (Cav.) Pers. 


Anthers-sacs circular, discrete; calyx cleft, 
lobes ovate; leaves circular or cordate 
or reniform, pubescent; erect or pros- 
trate or climbing. §LopHoSPERMUM. 


1164 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Srp. 


Stems short (1-4 dm. long), not climb- 
ing; sepals not imbricate. 

Corolla yellow, lobes erect; stamens 
exserted; pedicels tortuous; leaves 
thin, obtusely pointed, coarsely 
dentate; seeds apterous.................- M. flaviflora Johnston 

Corolla purplish, lobes spreading or 
reflexed; stamens included; ped- 
icels straight or geniculate; leaves 
firm, rounded, sinuate. 

Seeds apterous; fruiting pedicels 


thickened, geniculate............ M. geniculata Robins. & Fern. 
Seeds alate; fruiting pedicels 
spreading or ascending.................0-- M. erecta Hemsley 


Stems elongate and climbing; sepals 
conspicuously imbricate. 
Plant densely soft pubescent, grayish; 
sepals oblong-ovate................ M. erubescens (Don) Gray 
Plant glabrate, green. 
Sepals ovate- or cordate-oblong. 


(M. purpusti Brandg.)......... M. e. var. purpusii (Brandg.) 
Sepals lanceolate. (M. lophosper- 
mum Bailey) 5. .0ss.<ess-2 00s M. e. var. glabrata, n. name 


364. Mimulus dentilobus Robins. & Fern. 


Mimulus dentilobus Robins. & Fern., Proc. Am. Acad. 
30:120 (1894) —T ype locahty: Nacory, Sonora. 

A diminutive plant, which Mrs. Adele Grant questionably 
refers to the above species, was frequent at about 400 m. alti- 
tude in a large cafion back of Escondido Bay (4113). It is 
yellow-flowered and forms matted, herbaceous growths along 
seeps and in moist sand. 


365. Mohavea confertiflora (Benth.) Heller 


Mohavea confertifiora Heller, Muhl. 8:48. 1912.—Antir- 
rhinum confertiflorum Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10:592. 1846.— 
Mohavea viscida Gray, Pacif. R. R. Rep. 4:122. 1857.—Type 
locality: Doubtfully Californian. 

Collected on a silty flat near the south end of Angel de la 
Guarda Island (4228) and observed on the gravelly plain back 
of Puerto Refugio at the north end of the island. The speci- 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1165 


mens represent the linear-leaved form of the species. It grew 
as a rank, coarse-stemmed, very glandular annual 45 cm. high 
with long widely ascending branches. 


366. Penstemon clevelandi var. angelicus, n. var. 


Differing from species in narrow sub-racemose inflorescence, 
oblong or lanceolate sepals, beardless sterile stamen, and 
cuneate-obovate upper leaves. 

Type: No. 1304, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected May 3, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3413) from a sheltered ledge in 
Palm Cafion on Angel de la Guarda, Gulf of California. 

A few plants of this new variety were found about 3 km. 
from shore on a sheltered ledge of a basaltic cliff in a short, 
gorge-like, constriction of Palm Cafion on Angel de la Guarda 
Island (3413). When collected the plant was in an advanced 
state of fruiting, but flowers were found on the ground. It is 
a short-lived perennial with several erect stems 6-12 dm. high. 
The variety is certainly a close relative of P. clevelandi, but 
further collections may justify its treatment as a distinct 
species. Its unique development is its racemiform inflorescence, 
the pedicels of which are much reduced, being only about 2 
mm. long and much exceeded by the subtending bracts. The 
other characters of angelicus are individually approached by 
variations in typical P. clevelandi, but in no specimen have they 
been found in the combination characteristic of the type of 
angelicus. The narrow sepals are not absolutely constant even 
in the type of the variety, some of the calyx-lobes near the base 
of the inflorescence being ovate and having nearly the size 
and shape of those in typical clevelandi. The bearding of the 
sterile filament in P. clevelandi seems to be uncertain, as 
Brandegee’s Ubi collection, which is otherwise good clevelandi, 
has naked filaments, and a dubious collection from near Campo 
(Abrams 3619) also has them bald. The leaves in angelicus 
are always largest above the middle, but even that condition is 
approached by a very mature collection made by Brandegee on 
April 1, 1896, at Agua Caliente in San Diego County, Cali- 
fornia. Most of the leaves in the Agua Caliente collection are 
withered, and it can not be definitely determined whether or 
not all the leaves are cuneate like the single flattened one. 


1166 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER. 


367. Russelia verticellata H.B.K. 


Russelia verticellata H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2:360. 1817. 
—Type locality: Puento de la Madre de Dios, Mexico. 

On Ceralbo Island (4062), in a cafion back of El Mastrador, 
this shrub forms junciform tufts in rock crevices on the cafion 
side. It was locally abundant, but at the time of collecting 
was nearly leafless and with very mature capsules. It grows 
a meter high. The plants are glabrate and readily fall into 
verticellata of Robinson’s synopsis (Proc. Am. Acad. 35:320. 
1900). It appears to range over the cape region and to vary 
greatly in pubescence; some plants, because of their pubescence, 
falling into R. polyhedra of the synopsis. Regarding this vari- 
ability, see the note by Brandegee (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 
3:156. 1891). 


368. Stemodia durantifolia (L.) Swartz 


Stemodia durantifolia Swartz, Observ. Bot. 240. 1791.— 
Capraria durantifolia L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1116. 1759.— 
Type locality: Jamaica. 

A single plant was found at about 300 m. altitude on moist 
gravel on a cafion floor in the Sierra Giganta back of Escon- 
dido Bay (4112). Though not particularly common, the 
species ranges widely over Lower California. The present 
collection has a dark purplish-brown corolla whose lower lobe 
is folded inwardly to form a knife-like plait about 0.33 mm. 
high which runs the length of the corolla throat. This plicate 
condition is contrary to the generic diagnosis, but the plant 
evidently belongs to the species indicated. A hasty examina- 
tion has not revealed similar developments in any other ma- 
terial of S. durantifolia available. 


LXXX. BIGNONIACEE 
369. Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. 


Tecoma stans Juss., Gen. Pl. 139. 1774.—Bignonia stans 
L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 871. 1763.—Stenolobium stans Seem., Jour. 
Bot. 1:88. 1863.—T ype locality: “Insulis antillis.” 

Collected at Agua Verde Bay (3876) and at Escondido Bay 
(3846), and noted under cultivation on the plazas at Loreto 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1167 


and Guaymas. All the plants seen were shrubs growing 20-35 
dm. high but usually averaging about 25 dm. in height. The 
sterile bush most strikingly simulates a. young ash. Growing 
naturally in gravel in open canons or on the alluvial fans at 
their mouth. Brandegee (Zoe 2:148. 1891) reported wild 
plants only from the cape region, but the above mentioned col- 
lections were taken over 170 km. north of that region. 


LXXXI. MartyNIACEx 
370. Proboscidea althezfolia (Benth.) Decaisne 


Proboscidea altheefolia Decaisne, Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot. 
3:324. 1865.—Martynia altheefolia Benth., Bot. Sulph. Sie 
1844.—Martynia palmeri Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24 :60. 
1889.—T ype locality: Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 

A single flowering plant was found in a wash back of San 
Luis Gonzales Bay (3366), but fruit was collected at San 
Francisquito Bay (3590) and on San Francisco Island (3959). 
The plant was most abundant on the dunes about the landing 
on Ceralbo Island near Gordas Point, for there the dried 
fruit was so abundant as to become entangled in large masses 
and to be blown about by the wind. | 


LXXXII. ACANTHACEE 
371. Anisacanthus thurberi Gray 


Anisacanthus thurberi Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2:328. 1878. 
—Drejera thurberi Torr., Bot. Mex. Bound. 124. 1859.— 
Type locality: Las Animas, Sonora. 

Frequent on a gravelly cafion floor at the head of San Carlos 
Bay (4360). It is a shrub 10-18 dm. high formed of strict, 
tufted, slender stems. The bark is white, the internodes long, 
and the leaves few in the plants seen. This collection sets the 
southern limit for the species. It differs from more northern 
material only in its slightly less pubescent foliage. 


372. Beloperone californica Benth. 


Beloperone californica Benth., Bot. Sulph. 38. 1844.—Type 
locality: Cape San Lucas, Lower California. 


1168 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES {Proc. 47H Ser. 


Collected on Tiburon (3250, 4245), San Esteban (3188), 
and Espiritu.Santo (4079) islands. The latter collection is 
atypical in having a glandular open inflorescence composed of 
numerous slender branches. 


373. Berginia virgata Harv. 


Berginia virgata Harv. in Benth. & Hook., Gen. Pl. 2:1097. 
1876.—Pringleophytum lanceolatum Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 
20:293. 1884.—T ype locality: “California,” probably from 
Sonora. 

Collected in a large wash at Guaymas (3114), in a cafion 
at Las Animas Bay (3509), in a wash at San Nicolas Bay 
(3729), and in a dry stream-way on Carmen Island (3820). 
It is a loosely branched shrub 8-20 dm. high. The two erect 
upper lobes and the throat of the corolla are white. The lower 
corolla lips are pink with a medial white area bordered by 
ciliate lines. The material from San Nicolas Bay and Carmen 
Island has glandular calyces. 


374. Carlowrightia californica Brandg. 


Carlowrightia california Brandg., Zoe 5:172. 1903.—T ype 
locahity: Comondu, Lower California. 

On Ceralbo Island (4052) this is very common on the 
broad gravelly floor back of Ruffo’s ranchhouse. The locality 
is overgrazed and the plants growing in the open were browsed 
down to flattened, very twiggy mats, whereas those growing in 
the shelter of cacti produced long loosely branched open 
growths 3-6 dm. high. The locality was visited in early June 
when all the leaves were shed. Lacking leaves the determina- 
tion can not be positively made. 

‘A collection made on a rocky slope of the ridge directly 
back of Guaymas seems to be referable to californica. It is an 
open, irregularly branched undershrub 6 dm. high or less, 
growing self-supported or supported by other shrubs up 
through which it grows. The leaves are a trifle small, but 
otherwise it seems to agree with Brandegee’s type. 


Vor. X11] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1169 


The species is probably nearest to C. cordifolia Gray, if, 
indeed, it is distinct. In this regard, compare the notes by 
Vasey and Rose (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:75. 1890) and 
by Brandegee (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 3:159. 1891). 


375. Carlowrightia californica var. pallida, n. var. 


As in the species, but stems pallid with a close minute canes- 
cent tomentum. 

Type: No. 1305, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected April 20, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3195) in a wash on San Esteban 
Island, Gulf of California. 

This is a very brittle intricately branched, rounded shrub 
3-6 dm. high which is very common on a broad gravelly cafion 
floor on San Esteban Island (3195). All the plants seen had 
very pallid stems and appeared very different from C. cali- 
fornica. 


376. Carlowrightia pectinata Brandg. 


Carlowrightia pectinata Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
II, 3:160. 1891.—Carlowrightia fimbriata Brandg., Proc. 
Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 3:161. 1891.—Type locality: Shaded 
hillsides at San José del Cabo, Lower California. 

A very poor specimen of apparently this species was collected 
on a gravelly cafion floor at San Carlos Bay (4388). It ap- 
pears to be a strictly branched winter annual or, possibly, a 
short-lived perennial. Its larger cauline leaves are lacking, the 
only leaves present being those borne on short axillary shoots. 
It agrees with the type in essentials, possessing a similar 
habit and floral developments, as well as the same shreddy 
papery bark. 


377. Dicliptera resupinata (Vahl.) Juss. 


Dicliptera resupinata Juss., Ann. Mus. Hist. Hat. Paris 
9:268. 1807.—Justicia resupinata Vahl., Enum. Pl. 1:114. 
1804.—T ype locality: “Nova Hispania.” 

Not infrequent in gravelly ground about San Pedro and 
San Carlos (4363) bays. It is a loosely branched herb which 
grows up through shrubbery and becomes 3-6 dm. high. The 
flowers are pinkish. 


1170 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 


378. Elytraria squamosa (Jacq.) Lindau 


Elytraria squamosa Lindau, Anal. Inst. Fis. Geogr. Costa 
Rica 8:299. 1896.—Verbena squamosa Jacq., Pl. Hort. 
Schonbr. 1:3, t. 5. 1797.—Tubiflora squamosa Kuntze, Rev. 
Gen. 2:500. 1891.—Elytraria tridentata Vahl., Enum. Pl 
1:107. 1804.—Type locality: Not given. 

Growing among rocks in the hills back of Guaymas (3092) 
and San Carlos Bay (4389), and in a similar situation in a 
cafion in the Sierra Giganta back of Agua Verde Bay (3897). 
It was fairly common at the former stations, but rare at the 
last mentioned. 


379. Jacobinia ovata var. subglabra Wats. 


Jacobinia ovata var. subglabra Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 
24:67. 1889.—Type locality: Near Guaymas, Sonora. 

Collected in a steep draw on the east side of the ridge directly 
back of Guaymas (3095). The shrub was 9-12 dm. high and 
formed a small local colony. At San Pedro Bay (4312) the 
plant grew from crevices on a cafion wall forming a weak, 
open shrub 6-12 dm. high. 


380. Justicia insolita Brandg. 


Justicia insolita Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:195. 
1889.—T ype locality: San Gregorio, Lower California. 

Collected at San Nicolas Bay (3702) where a single dense 
globose bush was found in a gravelly wash. It formed a 
compact, very twiggy and intricately branched growth about 1 
m. in height. It has a very clean appearance and has closely 
tomentose snow-white stems which contrast sharply against 
the light green of the foliage. The lower lips of the corolla 
are violet, but the upper lips are white. This species seems to 
be rare north of the cape region, for, besides the present collec- 
tion, the only ones north of that region are the type collection 
from San Gregoria and the one from between San Ignacio and 
Santa Rosalia reported by Goldman (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 
16:366. 1916). 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1171 


381. Ruellia californica (Rose), n. comb. 


Calophanes californica Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:85. 
1890.—Type locality: Santa Rosalia, Lower California. 

Collected at Mulegé (3681), San Nicolas Bay (3725), 
Loreto (3781, 3793), Carmen Island (3808, 3830), Tiburon 
Island (4268), and Guaymas (3088). A globose bush about 
1 m. high which is very pretty when covered with its large, 
fragrant, purple blossoms. A pink-flowered form was collected 
on Carmen Island. It is most abundant in gravelly washes, 
but is frequently quite common on rocky hillsides. 

This species has a very-close relative in R. peninsularis, but 
differs in having dull oily glandular-pubescent foliage and not 
glabrate foliage which is glutinous and somewhat shiny. The 
original collection of R. californica had extremely large 
flowers, but that character varies and Rose (Contr. U. S. Nat. 
Herb. 1:133. 1892) later admitted small-flowered plants to 
his species with only a passing comment. The calyx is the only 
other structure in which there is a notable interspecific differ- 
ence. Very generally it can be said that R. peninsularis has 
shorter calyces than R. californica, but this is only a tendency 
and the calyx-size does not always run parallel with the con- 
spicuous and geographically-linked difference in pubescence. 
Ruellia californica and R. peninsularis are kept apart solely on 
a difference in pubescence, a difference which seems to be 
unmarred by intergrades. 

Rose referred this species to Calophanes, but its whole ap- 
pearance is strange in that genus, whereas it is closely approxi- 
mated in Ruellia. The reason for considering the species a 
Calophanes seems to be that, “though it resembles very much 
certain species of Ruellia” it “has the mucronate anthers and 
four-seeded capsules of Calophanes.” Anthers have been 
examined from 17 collections representing this species and R. 
peninsularis, and only anthers with blunted bases can be found. 
None of the anthers present a sharpened or mucronate condi- 
tion; in fact they appear less sharp than do those in R. tube- 
rosa, the type of the genus Ruellia. Although the capsules 
usually have four seeds, five, or much less rarely six, ovules or 
seeds occur in some capsules. The reference to Ruellia is 


1172 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES _ [Proc. 4ru Ser. 


further strengthened by the fact that both of Rose’s species 
have the alveolate roughened pollen grains of Ruellia, rather 
than the grooved grains characteristic of Calophanes. 


382. Ruellia peninsularis (Rose), n. comb. 


Calophanes peninsularis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:75. 
‘1890.—T ype locality: Mesas about La Paz, Lower Cali- 
fornia. 

Collected only on the low bluffs that face the sea just east 
of La Paz (3037). It is a compact, twiggy shrub somewhat 
under 1 m. high. The corolla is purple with a yellowish 
throat, and drops very readily when the plant is handled. This 
is the common violet-flowered Ruellia of the cape region and 
in part the “Ruellia sp.”” mentioned by Goldman (Contr. U. S. 
Nat. Herb. 16:366. 1916.). The species also occurs across the 
gulf about Guaymas, for Palmer 196 (cf. Wats., Proc. Am. 
Acad. 24:66. 1889) and Brandegee’s collection of 1893 seem 
to be the same. 

Besides R. peninsularis and R. californica, there are two 
other Ruellias known from the peninsula: viz., R. leucantha 
Brandg. (Zoe 5:109. 1901) which is known only from the 
cape region where it is reported common, and R. cordata 
Brandg. (Zoe 5:173. 1903), which is known only from the 
type collection made at Comondu. The peninsular Ruellias 
may be distinguished as follows: 


Leaves cordate; sepals spathulate; calyx borne on long 
pedicels (8-20 mm. long) and closely subtended by 
conspicuous foliaceous bracts.........-..eecceeceeeaceees R. cordata 
Leaves ovate, acuminate; sepals linear-lanceolate; calyx 
borne on very short (1-3 mm. long) pedicels and 
subtended by inconspicuous subulate bractlets. 
Flowers white, 5-6.5 cm. long; plant densely pubescent 
with non-glandular hairs; leaves becbming 45-65 
mm. long and 25-35 mm. wide; capsule obovate, 
canescent;./8-9 vovuleds Mare cine ae se aielaale een ire ere R. leucantha 
Flowers purple, 3-5 cm. long; plant glabrate to densely 
glandular pubescent; leaves becoming 20-45 mm. 
long and 25-35 mm. wide; capsule oblanceolate, 
glabrate, 4-6 ovuled. 
Foliage glabrate, glutinous, rather shiny............. R. peninsularis 
Foliage densely glandular-pubescent, dull.............. R. californica 


Vor. X11] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1173 


LXXXIII. PLANTAGINACEE 
383. Plantago minima Cunningham 


Plantago minima Cunningham, Proc. Indiana Acad. 
1896 :202. 1897.—Plantago insularis Eastw., Proc. Calif. Acad. 
Sci. III, 1:112.  1898.—Plantago brunnea Morris, Bull. Torr. 
Cl. 27:115. 1900.—Plantago fastigata Morris, Bull. Torr. 
Cl. 27:116. 1900.—Plantago scariosa Morris, Bull. Torr. Cl. 
27:117. 1900.—Type locahty: Lincoln, Nevada. 

A very abundant annual in sandy ground at Puerto Refugio 
on Angel de la Guarda Island (3384). This plant represents 
the common form of the patagonica-group present on the 
deserts and islands off southern California. It ranges south of 
the international boundary and is apparently the only “species” 
of the group present on the peninsula. In its extremes it dif- 
fers from P. erecta in its silky-villous herbage and in its pro- 
portionately longer floral bracts, but intergrades seem to occur, 
and perhaps minima is no more than a variant of erecta, and 
the latter only a form P. patagonica. 


LXXXIV. RuBIAcEz 
384. Coutarea pterosperma (Wats.) Standley 


Coutarea pterosperma Standley, N. Am. FI. 32:127. 1921. 
—Portlandia pterosperma Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:52. 
1889.—T ype locality: Cafions near Guaymas, Sonora. 

About a dozen trees were found in a steep rocky gulch on 
the east slope of the ridge just back of Guaymas (3099). Only 
a single tree was in leaf, the others being naked but in full fruit. 
They grew 25-35 dm. high and had comparatively few ascend- 
ing branches. The species was again seen in a rocky cafion at 
San Carlos Bay (4358) where it was infrequent on the gravelly 
cafion floor and formed an erect little-branched shrub 18-24 
dm. high. 


385. Houstonia brevipes Rose 


Houstonia brevipes Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:83. 
1890.—T ype locality: Near Santa Rosalia, Lower California. 
Collected at Las Animas Bay (3499), South San Lorenzo 
Island (3540), San Marcos Island (3619), Coyote Bay 


1174 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


(4167), San Nicolas Bay (3723), near Loreto (3790), Car- 
men Island (3811), Escondido Bay (3851, 4132), and Ceralbo 
Island (4028). Although collected on the beach at Coyote 
Bay, the plant is characteristic of, and more common in gray- 
elly cafions away from the influence of the ocean. It is a more 
or less shrubby herbaceous perennial with erect-growing tufted 
glaucous stems 2-6 dm. high. The corolla is pink with the tube 
less dark than the lobes. The collection from Carmen Island 
is very slender, but appears to be otherwise typical. Referable 
to H. brevipes are San Gregorio collections of Brandegee and 
a Purpus collection (164) from Calmalli. The plant reported 
from the cape region by Brandegee (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 
3:142. 1891) as H. brevipes in fact represents the very dis- 
tinct H. australis. The range of H. brevipes is the middle part 
of the peninsula and south along the gulf to Ceralbo Island. 


386. Houstonia gracilenta, n. sp. 


A decumbent shrub forming a depressed growth about 2 dm. 
high and 8 dm. broad, inconspicuously glandular or glabrous 
throughout; old stems woody with a roughened grayish or 
brownish bark, not stout; leaf-bearing branches erect, 8-10 cm. 
long, more or less shiny, angled, slender, internodes 1-2 cm. 
long; leaves opposite, sessile, frequently fascicled in the axils, 
linear-filiform, acute, about 1 cm. long, 0.75 mm. wide, flat- 
tened, coriaceous; stipules triangular or minute, bearing 1-2 
gland-tipped prolongations; flowers in loose few-flowered 
terminal cymes; peduncles about 1 cm. long; hypanthium 0.5- 
0.66 mm. high at anthesis; sepals lanceolate, slightly over 1.5 
mm. long, scarcely accrescent; corolla 12 mm. long, salver- 
form, tube pink, 5.5-6 mm. long; throat cylindrical, 3 mm. 
long, pink with 5 rose-colored lines extending down upon it 
from the corolla lobes; lobes oblong, acutish, rose-colored, 
about 2 mm. long; style and stamens included; mature fruit 
oblong-globose, slightly less than 2 mm. long, less than 1.5 
mm. wide, 24-34 inferior; seeds unknown. 

_ Type: No. 1306, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected May 27, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3927) on a rocky hillside of San 
Diego Island, Gulf of California. 


Vor. XI] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1175 


Though this plant superficially much resembles H. brevipes, 
it is in fact a very close relative of H. mucronata. The first 
impression gained upon comparing the plant with mucronata 
is that of utter dissimilarity, but a close analytical study shows 
that the different aspect of gracilenta results from the relative 
slenderness that pervades all its structures. The only notable 
differences possessed by gracilenta seem to be the smaller cap- 
sules and a laxer habit of growth. Houstonia gracilenta is 
proposed as a distinct species only because mucronata is so 
constant throughout its range and so characteristic in its 
habits and aspect. The new species presents such a violent de- 
parture from the reoccurring growth form of mucronata that 
its description as new can be justified on that ground alone. 
In the field it was mistaken for brevipes, but a study of the 
material soon showed that the specimens had woody, angled, 
non-glaucous stems and very long sepals; characters which 
plainly allied it with H. mucronata. As an ally of mucronata 
the rocky seaward island slopes are not extraordinary habitats, 
for typical mucronata was collected in exactly similar situations 
in other parts of the gulf. The differences that characterize 
H. gracilenta are not to be explained away as of ecologic 
origin. 


387. Houstonia mucronata (Benth.) Robinson 


Houston1a mucronata Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 45:401. 
1910.—Hedyotis mucronata Benth., Bot. Sulph. 19. 1844.— 
Houstoma fruitcosa Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:132. 
1892.—T ype locality: Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 

Observed on the beach at Coronado Island (3755), Carmen 
Island (3836) Danzante Island (3859), Monserrate Island, 
Agua Verde Bay (3895), San Diego Island, San Francisco 
Island (3954), and Ceralbo Island (4035). The plant was 
usually abundant where found, growing primarily on beaches 
or on dunes, though not infrequently extending onto seaward 
cliffs and slopes. It is a distinctly shrubby bush 2-9 dm. high. 
The corolla is white, with the tube and the lobes rose-colored 
outside; in drying all color is lost. The specimens of this 
species from the west coast of the peninsula differ from the 
gulf collections in being more slender, less woody, and in 


1176 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 


having leaves that are perceptibly narrowed at the base. If 
these differences hold the gulf plant may deserve varietal rank. 
The plant of the Pacific shore perhaps is uncommon, for Mr. 
Brandegee knows it solely on Magdalena Island where he suc- 
ceeded in finding only one small colony. 

The relations of the peninsular species of Houstonia may 
be seen from the following key. Houstonia brandegeana Rose 
(Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb 1:70. 1890) can scarcely be dis- 
tinguished from Bentham’s H. asperuloides (Bot. Sulph. 19, 
t. 13, 1844). The characters given by Rose are not correlated 
and are not decisive, while at least in flower measurements 
brandegeana has the characters of the older asperuloides. 
Houstonia prostrata Brandg. (Zoe 5:105. 1901), H. arenaria 
Rose (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:70. 1890), H. peninsularis 
Brandg. (Zoe 5:160. 1903), and H. australis Johnston (Univ. 
Calif. Pub. Bot. 7:446. 1922) all seem very distinct species: 


Plant annual. 
Capsules on recurved pedicels, bilobed, 3 mm. broad, less 
in length); ‘prostrate sc cles cies oc) sie'oi ore ct-leresste's eieretolsiajauere)s A, prostrata 
Capsules erect, unlobed, 1-2 mm. broad, more in length; 
erect. 
Flowers all on long (1-3 cm.) filiform pedicels; leaves 
small, narrow, 3-20 mm. long, 0.5-1.5 mm. wide; 
stems terete, erect; fruit globose................ H. asperuloides 
Flowers nearly all sessile; leaves comparatively large, 
2-6 cm. long, 2-8 mm. wide; stems quadrate with 
spreading branches; fruit usually ovate or ob- 
ion) 2atceeancho nee ddavbacusasbadc coabdebopecooouandas Hi, arenaria 
Piant perennial. 
Stems angled, shrubby nearly throughout; coastal. 
Plant stout, bushy; annual growths 6-8 cm. long, 
internodes 5-10 mm. long; leaves linear, about 1 
mm. wide; capsule 2-25 mm. long, over 2 mm. 
wide; widely distributed................. Scots areas H, mucronata 
Plant slender, spreading; annual growth 8-10 cm. long, 
internodes 1-2 cm. long; leaves linear-filiform, 
about 0.75 mm. wide; capsule 2 mm. long, less 
than 1.5 mm. wide; endemic on San Diego 
Tslandat ts cutett Jape caesar ie AV era et ey _..H. gracilenta 
Stems terete, shrubby if at all only near the base; 
mainly back from coast. 
Plant densely hirtellous; flowers pubescent outside, 
in: ‘close deymeseed watetecmistre es sooo H. peninsularis 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1177 


Plant glabrous; flowers glabrous, in open cymes. 
Corolla 7-9 mm. long; sepals 1.5-2 mm. long; leaves 
short-petiolate, 1-2 mm. wide; stems usually 
simple, not glaucous...............-seeeeeeeteeees H, australis 
Corolla 9-15 mm. long; sepals 0.5-1 mm. long; leaves 
sessile, 0.5-1 mm. wide; stems usually much 
branchedsuelaucousesccreccicice aici ele H. brevipes 


388. Mitracarpus linearis Benth. 


Mitracarpus linearis Benth., Bot. Sulph. 20. 1844.—T ype 
locality: Cape San Lucas, Lower California. 

Found on the mesa-like summits of the basaltic ridges which 
rise about the Isthmus on Espiritu Santo Island (3975). It 
was uncommon, growing in soil-filled crevices along with 
Conobea intermedia. While evidently referable to Bentham’s 
species the specimens have shorter leaves and a more spreading 
habit than do other collections of the species. The atypical 
developments are probably ecologic in origin. 


389. Randia megacarpa Brandg. 


Randia megacarpa Brandg., Zoe 5:257. 1908.—T ype local- 
ity: Comondt, Lower California. 

To this species are referred the sterile, leafy branches col- 
lected in a cafion back of Agua Verde Bay (3896). The col- 
lection is from erect shrubs 18-27 dm. high that were frequent 
on steep talus slopes. Its leaves closely match those of the type 
in size and shape, but differ in having a slightly less dense 
pubescence. A very similar plant was seen on the cafion side 
in the Sierra Giganta back of Escondido Bay. 

What is apparently the same plant was again collected near 
the Isthmus on Espiritu Santo Island (3982). There it grew 
in rocky places in the upper reaches of gulches and on the mesa- 
like ridge-crests. In the gulches it had several strict stems 
9-15 dm. high, but on the ridges it formed a twiggy rough 
scraggly divaricately branched shrub only 6-9 dm. high. The 
fruit on the island plant became 25 mm. broad, which is slightly 
smaller than that (30 mm.) in the type of R. megacarpa. The 
type has fruit evidently 10-12 ribbed, whereas the fruit of the 
island plant is indistinctly ribbed. The fruit seems to persist 
on the plant for some time after the leaves are shed, and to be 


1178 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


more or less imperfectly equatorially circumscissile. Rodents 
appear to relish it. The flowers of this species have never been 
collected. 


LXXXV. CUCURBITACEZ 
390. Cucurbita cordata Wats. 


Cucurbita cordata Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:50. 1889.— 
Type locality: Sandy plain near Los Angeles Bay, Lower 
California. 

A single plant was found in a sandy wash at Agua Verde 
Bay (3902). The habit and fruit are those of C. palmata, the 
chief difference residing in its dissected leaves. 


391. Maximowiczia sonore Wats. 


Maximowiczia sonore Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:51. 
1889.—Ibervillea sonore Greene, Erythea 3:75. 1895.—Type 
locality: About Guaymas, Sonora. 

The plants with the peculiar bottle-shaped epigeous roots 
which were observed at San Pedro and San Carlos bays are 
no doubt to be referred to this species. In its typical form the 
species is restricted to the mainland, ranging from middle 
western Sonora southward into Sinaloa. It is characterized 
by its long stems and dissected leaves. The leaves are twice 
three-parted with more or less lobed divisions. 


392. Maximowiczia sonore var. peninsularis, n. var. 


Leaves with broad lobes, these with broad irregular lobules 
or with the margin merely sinuate; stems very long, 2-4 m. 

Type: No. 1307, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected June 6, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 4026) on a sandy point just north 
of Gordas Point, Ceralbo Island, Gulf of California. 

At the southern-most station on Ceralbo Island (4026), on 
a sandy point less than 1 km. north of Gordas Point, this plant 
vied with Ferocactus diguetii in the interest it aroused. It was 
very abundant, the sandy point being dotted with the weird 
large white epigeous roots. The body of the root, which is 
much depressed and seated in a shallow depression in the 
ground, averaged about 65 cm. in diameter but not infrequently 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1179 


attains twice that measurement. From the body of the root 
there usually projects one, but not uncommonly two or three, 
coarse tapering necks which either stand erect or are bent over. 
The complete root averages 3-6 dm. high. Each neck pro- 
duces one elongate main branch 3-4 m. long, as well as a few 
short branched stems 4-5 dm. long. At the time the plants 
were seen they were practically leafless. In looking over the 
colony one could not help but liken it to some out-of-place 
electrical development, the long bare trailing stems being the 
cables and the large white roots the huge insulators up through 
which the high tension current was conducted from the sub- 
terranean power station. The roots though exposed are un- 
molested by animals, no doubt due to the excruciatingly bitter 
taste. Goldman (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16:367, t. 133. 
1916) has an excellent picture of a single plant, probably a 
member of the large colony described. 

This variety includes all the plants collected in the cape 
region by Brandegee. At first it was made to include all the 
peninsular plants formerly referred to M. sonore, but which 
differ from the latter in having less-cut, more ample leaves. 
Brandegee (Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 6:361. 1916. and Proc. 
Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 3:139. 1891), however, has pointed out 
that the peninsular plants differ in cauline development, those 
of the cape region having stems 2-4 m. long whereas those 
further north have stems less than 1 m. long. The variety 
peninsularis is therefore defined so as to include only the long- 
stemmed plant of the cape region. The less robust and short- 
stemmed northern plant being the following variety. 


393. Maximowiczia sonore var. brevicaulis, n. var. 


Maximowiczia insularis Brandg., Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 
6:361. 1916.—Type locality: Magdalena Bay, Lower Cali- 
fornia. 

Sterile and usually leafless plants of this variety were noted 
at San Francisquito Bay (apparently the northern-most sta- 
tion), Escondido Bay, and Catalina, Santa Cruz, San Diego, 
San Josef, and Espiritu Santo islands. Brandegee (loc. cit.) 
reports it from Magdalena Bay, and Goldman (Contr. U. S. 
Nat. Herb. 16:367. 1916) has a collection from Pozo Alta- 


1180 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER. 


mirano south of Calmalli. The plant has a bottle-shaped root 
15 cm. in diameter and about 25 cm. high. The stems are less 
than 1 m. long. This variety may not be entirely distinct from 
peninsularis, but as it represents a tendency correlated with 
geography it seems worthy of some minor designation. 


394. Vaseyanthus insularis (Wats.) Rose 


Vaseyanthus insularis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5:120. 
1897.—Echinopepon insularis Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:51. 
1889.—Echinopepon palmeri Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:52. 
1889.—Brandegea palmert Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 
5:120. 1897.—T ype locality: San Pedro Martir Island. 

In one or another of its several forms this cucurbit was 
common at nearly every station in the gulf area. It was most 
common in the cafions and on the slopes back from the beach 
where it climbed in tangled masses over the shrubbery and 
rocks, or festooned the trunks of the columnar cacti. It not 
infrequently, however, occurred along cobblestone beaches 
growing in such abundance as completely to cover large areas 
of rocks, thereby making walking in such areas not only dif- 
ficult but dangerous. The whole plant, particularly the fruit, 
is extremely astringent. 

All forms of the species are excessively variable in foliage, 
even ina single locality. At the type locality of the species, for 
example, the leaves vary from sparsely and inconspicously 
strigose to very densely short-hirsute, from green to canescent, 
from thin to thick, from ample (5-7 cm. broad) to small 
(under 5 cm. broad), and from shallowly 5-lobed with broad 
triangular lobes to 5- or 7-cleft with oblong or lanceolate lobes. 
It is quite evident that foliage is too variable to furnish diag- 
nostic characters. The plant is usually a long trailing vine, but 
occasionally it loses its viny habit and forms small selfsupport- 
ing globose masses 3-6 dm. high, a development of habit simi- 
lar to that characterizing the “Cupid” sweet peas. The floral 
structures seem quite constant. 

The fruit consists of a globose body and a conical caducous 
hollow cap. The body consists of a single-seeded cell that is 
surrounded by an indurate wall strengthened by a tough 
vescicular layer. The surface of the body of the fruit is usually 


Vor. X11] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1181 


covered with stiff, coarse spines, but it may be naked. At some 
localities, as the type locality of the species, all stages can be 
found between densely echinate fruit and that with few or no 
spines. At other stations, as on Nolasco and Tortuga islands, 
plants with naked fruit and plants with spiny fruit grow even 
intertwined and yet keep perfectly distinct. As the smooth- 
fruited plants occur only in the northern parts of the gulf, the 
geographical correlation seems to justify the treatment of them 
as at least varietally distinct. There is also a difference in the 
degree of spininess in the echinate forms. The more southern 
forms seem to have the longest and most abundant spines. 
These latter are here treated as constituting the variety 
brandegei. The plant of the middle gulf has spines less de- 
veloped than in the variety brandegei and represents the typical 
form of the species. While there are several pronounced tend- 
encies exhibited in fructal variation the presence of abundant 
intergrades makes it best that these be treated as varieties. All 
the described forms of Vaseyanthus are accordingly reduced to 
One species and two varieties. 

In his synopsis of the Echinopepon allies, Rose (Contr. U. S. 
Nat. Herb. 5:114-121. 1897) has referred Watson’s E. 
palmert to the genus Brandegea. This step must have been 
based on a study of poor or meager material, for that species 
is most positively congeneric with the type (V. rosei) of the 
genus Vaseyanthus. The genus Brandegea is very different 
from Echinopepon and Vaseyanthus, differing in its persistent 
(nonarticulate and noncaducous) beak and in the thin-walled 
(not indurate vescicular) fruit. The fruit of Vaseyanthus, 
particularly of the smooth-fruited slightly asymmetrical variety 
mermuis, superficially suggests that of Brandegea, but in fact it 
is structurally much closer to Echinopepon. From Echino- 
pepon, Vaseyanthus is to be distinguished by its tall, unarmed, 
conic beak surmounting an indehiscent, (usually) single- 
seeded, vescicular-walled, globose fruit. EEchinopepon has an 
elliptical, 2-celled, thin-walled fruit that dehisces irregularly 
near the summit or by the falling away of a broad shallow 
echinate calyptra. 

Collections representing the moderately armed, typical form 
of the species are at hand from San Pedro Martir (3146, 


1182 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES _ [Proc. 47H Ser. 


4387), San Pedro Nolasco (3132), Pond (4241), San Este- 
ban (3183), North San Lorenzo (4197, 4195), South San 
Lorenzo (3537), and Tortuga (3607) islands. 


395. WVaseyanthus insularis var. brandegei (Cogn.), n. comb. 


Echinocystis brandegei Cogn., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. I, 
3:59. 1890.—Vaseyanthus brandegei Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. 
Herb., 5:119. 1897.—Vaseyanthus rosei Cogn., Zoe 5:368, 
t. 11. 1891.—T ype locality: Todos Santos, Lower California. 

Collections referable to this variety were made on San 
Marcos Island (3626), San Nicolas Bay (3705), Monserrate 
Island (3871), Agua Verde Bay (3894), San Diego Island 
(3929), and San Francisco Island (3955, 3956). In the 
Brandegee herbarium the variety is represented by collections 
from Espiritu Santo Island, La Paz, Guadalupe, and San José 
del Cabo. 


396. Vaseyanthus insularis var. inermis, n. var. 


As in the species, but fruit absolutely unarmed. 

Type: No. 1308, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected April 22, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3224) on steep slopes on Isla 
Partida, Gulf of California. 

Collections of this smooth-fruited northern form were made 
on San Pedro Nolasco (3131), San Pedro Martir (4386), 
Tortuga (3606), South San Lorenzo (3535), Partida (3224, 
3231), San Esteban (3182), Angel de la Guarda (4223), and 
Mejia (3355, 3360) islands. 


LXXXVI. CAMPANULACES 
397. Lobelia laxiflora H.B.K. 


Lobelia laxiflora H.B.K., Noy. Gen. et Sp. 3:311. 1818— 
Type locality: Between Quaxiniquilapa and Acaguisotla, 
Guerrero. 

Found only in the large cafion in the Sierra Giganta back 
of Escondido Bay (4114) where it grows in wet seepage- 
crevices and along the stream-edge at an altitude of about 500 
m. It is locally very common, forming rank herbaceous tufts 
5-15 dm. high. The plants have broadly lanceolate leaves, 


Vor. XII} JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1183 


and as far as foliage is concerned, are best referred to the 
typical form of the species. Brandegee’s collections from the 
cape region, over 200 km. south of Escondido Bay, have 
linear-lanceolate leaves and have been referred to the variety 
angustifolia (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 3:149. 1891). All 
the peninsular material seems to have a close, very floriferous 
inflorescence with the pedicels strictly ascending instead of 
widely spreading as in much of the mainland material. 


LXXXVII. Compositz 
398. Brickellia brandegei Robinson 


Brickellia brandegeit Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb. 1:106. 
1917.—T ype locality: La Paz, Lower California. 

This plant, previously known only from the type collection 
made at La Paz, was collected in the area back of the pearl- 
culture plant on Espiritu Santo Island (4004). In a ravine, 
where sheltered, it became a loosely branched rounded shrub 
1-2 m. high, but on the crests of some basaltic ridges, where 
it was seen most abundantly, it formed a very compact growth 
about 1 m. high. In all respects the collection remarkably 
matches the type. As far as similarity is concerned it might 
well be part of the type collection, for the specimens agree with 
the type even in their unkempt appearance and mature state of 
fruiting. 


399. Brickellia peninsularis Brandg. 


Brickellia peninsularis Brandg., Zoe 5:160. 1903.—T ype 
locality: La Chuparosa, Lower California. 

Collected at about 500 m. altitude in the Sierra Giganta 
back of Escondido Bay (4126), where a few shrubs, 9-12 dm. 
high, were noted on the side of a narrow cafion. This collec- 
tion compares well with the series of specimens collected in the 
cape region by Brandegee. Most of the series, like the plant 
from Escondido Bay, has a more grayish pubescence and more 
conspicuously veined leaves than does the La Chuparosa col- 
lection which Brandegee has indicated as the type of his 
species. Up to the present time the species has been known 
only from the cape region. 


1184 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


400. Eupatorium sagittatum Gray 


Eupatorium sagittatum Gray, Pl. Wright. 1:88. 1852.— 
Type locality: “California”; probably from Sonora. 

This plant is common at San Pedro Bay (4320) and fre- 
quent about San Carlos Bay (4382). It forms large, dense, 
very intricately branched, hedge-like masses 1-2 m. high on 
saline flats, where it commonly grows with Suaeda and May- 
tenus. The flowers are lilac. 


401. Hofmeisteria crassifolia Wats. 


Hofmeisteria crassifolia Wats., Proc. Am. Acad., 24:53. 
1889. Type locality: High mountains about Guaymas, Sonora. 

This species was found on San Pedro Nolasco Island (3142) 
growing in dense masses on sea-cliffs, at San Pedro Bay 
(4307) occurring on cliffs in a cafion near the ocean, and at 
Kino Point growing on a rocky promontory. The plant has a 
branched woody caudex covered with an abundance of brittle 
stems, and forms a dense rounded mass 7-25 cm. high. The 
lobes of the succulent leaves are terete and pallid. The stigmas 
are pink; the corolla is the same color or a shade lighter. 


402. Hofmeisteria fasciculata (Benth.) Walp. 


Hofmeisteria fasciculata Walp., Rep. 6:106. 1847— 
Helogyne fasciculata Benth., Bot. Sulph. 20. t. 14. 1844.— 
Type locality: Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 

Collections of this species were made at Los Angeles Bay 
(3456), Las Animas Bay (3493), San Francisquito Bay 
(3574), Tortuga Island (3600), Tepoca Bay (3303), Isla 
Partida (3221), and near the south end of Angel de la Guarda 
Island (4233). A collection from Carmen Island (3814) has 
the foliage of the species, but the pubescence of the variety 
pubescens. The plants from Tortuga Island grew on the walls 
of a volcanic crater, those from Los Angeles Bay on cajion- 
walls in hills back from the coast, but the remainder came from 
elevated beaches or cliffs facing the sea. The plant forms 
dense rounded clumps 2-6 dm. high. The flowers are very 
numerous and vary from flesh-colored to lilac. The leaves are 
green, flattened, and slightly succulent. 


Vor. X11] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1185 


403. Hofmeisteria fasciculata var. 
pubescens ( Wats.) Robinson 


Hofmeisteria fasciculata var. pubescens Robinson, Proc. Am. 
Acad. 47:192. 1911.—Hofmeisteria pubescens Wats., Proc. 
Am. Acad. 24:54. 1889-—Type locality: Mulegé, Lower 
California. . 

This variety ranges along the west side of the gulf from the 
vicinity of Mulegé southward at least to Catalina Island. It is 
characterized by its glandular-villous, succulent foliage. Col- 
lections were made at San Nicolas Bay (3714), Ildefonso 
Island (3744), Coronados Island (3765), Puerto Ballandra, 
Carmen Island (3814), and western shore of Catalina Island 
(3765). At all the stations it grew on elevated beaches or on 
cliffs facing the sea. It forms dense globose or hemispherical 
clumps 3-6 dm. high. Its stems, like those of the species, are 
excessively brittle. The old plants have a rather heavy woody 
caudex. The flowers are lilac. 


404. Hofmeisteria filifolia, n. sp. 


An herbaceous perennial forming dense rounded clumps 1-6 
dm. high; stems commonly numerous, simple below, with a 
few strict branches above, striate, slender, densely stipitate- 
glandular; leaves numerous, alternate, 4-7 cm. long, 3-6 cm. 
wide, glandular, not at all fleshy, lower leaves palmately 3- 
parted or pinnately 5-parted the filiform or dilated lobes simple 
or 3-parted, upper leaves simply 3-parted with filiform spread- 
ing lobes; peduncles slender with scattered setaceous bracts, 
5-9 cm. long; heads narrowly campanulate, 8 mm. high, 4-5 
mm. wide, many-flowered, with numerous narrow acuminate 
bracts and naked receptacles; corolla pale pink, very narrow, 
3.5-4 mm. long, lobes rounded and broader than long; pappus 
of 3 antrorsely barbed awns (these either shorter or longer 
than the corolla) and 3 alternating broad lJacinate white palez ; 
achenes black, usually with 2 of the 5 angles strigose, callous- 
tipped below. 

Type: No. 1309, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected May 3, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3418) from partially shaded rock- 
crevices in Palm Canon, Angel de la Guarda Island, Gulf of 
California. 


1186 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Sez. 


Three collections of this species were made. A colony of 
three plants was found on a lava cliff in a narrow cafion on 
Mejia islet (3364), and many plants were discovered growing 
in dense masses in crevices of sunny south-facing breccia cliffs 
in the rocky hills back of Puerto Refugio (3377). The plant 
was found to be most abundant along the walls of Palm Cafion 
(3418). These stations are all on or near Angel de la Guarda 
Island. 

The new species is most closely related to H. fasciculata, but 
is distinguished from all phases of that polymorphous species 
by its more slender habit, smaller heads, shorter and rounded 
corolla-lobes, filiform non-succulent leaves, and pappus of 3 
sete and 3 lacinate palee. Hofmeisteria fasciculata is a much 
coarser, more juicy, plant and is less distinctly tufted than H. 
filifolia, and its leaves are never so narrow, nor so elongate. 


405. Hofmeisteria pluriseta Gray 


Hofmeisteria pluriseta Gray, Pacif. R. R. Rep. 4:96, t. 9. 
1857.—T ype locality: Cafion of the Williams River, Arizona. 

Two typical collections of this species were made, one from 
a populous local colony growing on a north-facing lava cliff 
in the hills back of San Luis Gonzales Bay (3326), and the 
other from rock crevices in the cafions back of Puerto Refugio 
on Angel de la Guarda Island (3376). The latter collection 
seems to set the southern limit for the species. The plant 
forms an intricately-branched bush 3-6 dm. high. Brandegee 
has a collection from Santa Maria, but the other collections 
reported by him (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:167. 1889) 
belong to the following varieties : 


406. Hofmeisteria pluriseta var. 
laphamioides (Rose), n. comb. 


Hofmeisteria laphamioides Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 
1:79. 1890.—T ype locality: Summit of San Pedro Martir 
Island. 

This plant commonly grows on cliffs, forming rounded 
shrubby growths 3-6 dm. high. On San Pedro Martir Island 
it is most abundant in the cactus forest crowning the island and 
forms an erect-growing shrub 5-10 dm. high. The flowers are 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1187 


pleasantly though not strongly fragrant. No soil preferences 
are shown by the plant, it being collected from lava, tufa, and 
gypsum. Collections were made on San Pedro Martir (3157, 
3162), Sal si Puedes (3521), San Marcos (3630), and Tib- 
uron (3266) islands. The characteristic foliage was recog- 
nized on Tortuga Island where it occurred on the crater-walls, 
on Carmen Island where infrequent on cliffs back of Puerto 
Ballandra, and on Pelican Island where it grew commonly in 
sheltered rock crevices. Palmer has collections from Santa 
Rosalia, and Brandegee has material from San Ignacio and 
San Bartolomé Bay. The range of the variety is therefore the 
gulf islands and the peninsula between latitudes 26° and 29° N. 

Hofmeisteria laphamioides can not be maintained as a dis- 
tinct species, as it lacks decisive floral or foliar characters. A 
collection made at Las Animas Bay (3516), while nearest 
laphamioides, is intermediate between it and pluriseta.- Hof- 
meisteria pluriseta usually has slender flexuous stems and small 
leaves, but the character of growth is not constant even in 
Californian specimens while the leaves vary so in size and 
form that no line can be drawn between the small leaves of 
pluriseta and the larger ones characteristic of laphamioides. 
The plate given by Gray shows leaves fully as large as those in 
the Las Animas Bay collection, the pictured foliage differing 
only in their more jagged toothing. It seems that laphanu- 
oides is only a geographical form of pluriseta occurring in the 
region immediately to the south of the latter. 


407. Hofmeisteria pluriseta var. pauciseta, n. var. 


Pappus sete 5, alternated by 5 obtuse oblong scales. 

Type: No. 1310, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected April 17, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3134) from a cliff on San Pedro 
Nolasco Island, Gulf of California. 

Superficially, this variety seems identical with the variety 
laphamioides, but differs from that plant in conspicuous pappus 
developments. In pluriseta and the variety laphamuotides the 
pappus consists of 5-15 seta and usually 10 scales, whereas in 
the variety pauciseta there are but 5 sete and 5 scales. The 
variety pauciseta is less evolved in its pappus developments 
than pluriseta and laphamioides, for these latter forms reveal 


1188 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4ru Ser. 


the consummation of a tendency for the scales to be deeply bifid 
or cleft and transmuted into bristles or awned scales. In 
pauciseta the scales are erose or truncate, but in pluriseta and 
laphamioides the scales are bifid or divided, producing awns 
from their sinuses and frequently from their apices as well. 
There appears to be an unequal development of this tendency 
to awn, as one side of the achene produces longer awns than 
the other. 

The variety pauciseta was collected only on San Pedro 
Nolasco Island (3134) where it was frequent on sheltered 
cliffs and ledges near the sea. It formed dense rounded 
growths about 5 dm. high and 5-7 dm. broad. Rose (16868) 
collected it on Espiritu Santo Island, and Brandegee (Proc. 
Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:167. 1889) has a similar plant from 
Purisima. All three collections are along the southern limits 
of the variety laphamioides. 


408. Hofmeisteria tenuis (Wats.), n. comb. 


Malperia tenuis Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:54. 1889.— 
Type locality: Stony ridges near Los Angeles Bay, Lower 
California. 

Collected at San Francisquito Bay (3563) where fairly 
common on a shell-covered ridge back from the bay, and on 
the south end of Angel de la Guarda Island (4205) where a 
few plants were seen on a silty flat. The island collection is 
diffusely branched, 38 cm. high and nearly as broad, and has 
three pappus bristles as described in the original diagnosis. 
The San Francisquito plants were eaten down, probably by 
rodents, and are low and spreading in consequence; dissection 
reveals that flowers with three or four pappus setz are borne 
in the same head. Brandegee has a collection from San José 
de Garcia (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:167. 1889) that bears 
flowers with five pappus bristles. It is evident, therefore, that 
in this species no importance can be attached to the number of 
pappus sete. 

The floral and fruit structures of this plant are evidently 
those of Hofmeisteria. Its claim for generic distinctness lies 
wholly in its annual habit and sessile linear leaves. When 
referred to Hofmeisteria, the diversity of foliage which it 
brings to that genus is no greater than that already existing 


ee 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1189 


between H. pluriseta and H. crassifolia, while the diversity in 
habit, hardly more than a specific character, can be reconciled 
with analogous cases in Brickellia, Stevia, and Eupatorium. 
Malperia is practically unknown in the literature; hence little 
support can be drawn from precedent or usage. The genus 
may be judged on its intrinsic characters which seem insuf- 
ficient for the maintaining of a monotypic genus. 

Hofmeisteria tenuis is a near relative of H. pluriseta, nearer 
in fact than the latter species is to the others of the genus. The 
most satisfactory treatment seems to demand the recognition 
of three sections made up as follows:—EUHOFMEISTERIA, 
composed of H. fasciculata, H. crassifolia, H. thfolia; 
BRICKELLIOPSIS, with only H. pluriseta; and MaLperta, also 
with a single species, namely, H. tenuis. The species may be 
distinguished by aid of the following key: 


Heads cylindric in cymes or corymbs; bracts 18-25; pedun- 
cles usually short; loosely branched plants with entire 
or toothed leaves. 

Plant annual; leaves sessile, entire, linear or lance- 


linear; §MALPERIA................ ssmanodStdowaradiaoeoon H. tenuts 
Plant perennial; leaves petioled, crenate or toothed, with 
a broad blade; §BRICKELLIOPSIS............2s00e++ 00e H. pluriseta 


Heads campanulate, solitary on long peduncles; bracts 50 
or more, compactly branched plants with dissected or 
rarely crenate leaves; §EUHOFMEISTERIA. 
Pappus sete 5 or more; plant glabrous, glaucous; leaf- 
Hobesmteneteari encircle iclisisieisicisioieatesiioe H, crassifolia 
Pappus setz fewer than 5; plant more or less pubescent, 
never glaucous; leaf-lobes always flattened. 
Setz: 2 (very rarely 3); palee oblong, entire; leaves 
somewhat fleshy, crenate to dissected, when dis- 
sected the lobes oblong; heads 1 cm. high; corolla- 
1 1OLES ACFE TUES ogosneonndubooode onoooDaonDenDoone H. fasciculata 
Setz 3, palez lacinate; leaves not fleshy, divided into 
long filiform lobes; heads 8 mm. high; corolla 
MODES MROUNG CU se ceie a eel cee stolen care aero atete esis rocelaialale/ siete H. fiifoha 


409. Aplopappus spinulosus var. scabrellus (Greene) Blake 


Aplopappus spinulosus var. scabrellus Blake, Contr. U. S. 
Nat. Herb. 52:24. 1917.—Eriocarpum scabrellum Greene, 
Erythea 2:108. 1894.—Type locality: Los Angeles Bay, 
Lower California. 


1190 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER. 


This is the peninsular variant of the widely distributed JA. 
spinulosus. It comes only from the northern part of Lower 
California. Collections were made only on Angel de la Guarda 
Island (3378, 3417), but these compare well with material col- 
lected by Palmer at Los Angeles Bay, and by Brandegee at 
San Sebastian and San Enrique. 


410. Aplopappus arenarius Benth. 


Aplopappus arenarius Benth., Bot. Sulph. 24. 1844.—T ype 
locality: Cape San Lucas, Lower California. 

Collected on San Diego (3930), Santa Cruz (4096), Car- 
men (3817, 3854), and Coronados (3754) islands, where it 
grew on dunes or on slopes near the sea. It is a suffruticose 
plant with a few widely spreading branches. These specimens, 
like most of those collected away from the immediate vicinity 
of Cape San Lucas, have the leaves sharply serrate, frequently 
aristate, and comparatively narrower and thinner than do 
specimens taken at the cape. In general the specimens from 
the sea-shore about Cape San Lucas have the leaves broadly 
spathulate or oblanceolate and the toothing so shallow and re- 
mote that the general impression given is that of entire margins 
These southern plants are covered with a short, stiffish, usually 
glandular pubescence which makes the foliage seem thicker 
than it is in fact. Aplopappus arenarius ranges over the south- 
ern two-thirds of the peninsula, and while related to A. 
spinulosus, is readily distinguished from that species by its 
bushy fruticose habit. Aplopappus spinulosus and its varieties 
at most have a short close prostrate caudex and erect herbace- 
ous stems. 


411. Aplopappus arenarius var. incisifolius, n. var. 


As in the species, but leaves pinnately parted with remote 


narrow lobes. 
Type: No. 1311, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected May 9, 


1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3529) on a rocky bench on South 
San Lorenzo Island, Gulf of California. 

An endemic, or at least an uncommon leaf-form of A. 
arenarius, characterized by its pinnately parted foliage. Seen 


Vor. X11]  JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1191 


only on South San Lorenzo Island (3529) where quite con- 
spicuous, growing abundantly on a gravel beach among plants 
of a cactus thicket and forming compact shrubby globular 
masses 15-60 cm. high. It is very abundantly floriferous. The 
leaves are sparsely glandular and have aristate lobes. 


412. Aplopappus arenarius var. rossli, n. var. 


Slender erect-growing plants 5-10 dm. high. 

Type: No. 1312, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected May 12, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3627) on margin of a gypsum 
mesa on San Marcos Island, Gulf of California. 

This plant grew on a gypsum mesa on San Marcos Island 
(3627). It has little resemblance to other forms of A arena- 
rius; in fact, suggests A. juncea in general contour and habit. 
It is referred to arenarius because of its branched bushy caudex. 
The plant is named for Captain John Ross, captain of the ves- 
sel chartered for the expedition. 


413. Ericameria diffusa Benth. 


Ericameria diffusa Benth., Bot. Sulph. 23. 1844.—Solidago 
diffusa Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5:159. 1861.—Bigelovia dif- 
fusa Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8:640. 1873.—Chrysoma diffusa 
Greene, Erythea 3:10. 1895.—Linosyris sonoriensis Gray, 
Proc. Am. Acad. 8:291. 1870.—Aster sonoriensis Kuntze, 
Rev. Gen. 1:317. 1891.—T ype locality: Magdalena Bay, 
Lower California. 

This is a very common plant in slightly alkaline ground at 
Los Angeles Bay and at Loreto (3777). It was noted in less 
abundance at Agua Verde Bay (4385), Escondido Bay, and La 
Paz. It occurred in abundance on San Marcos Island (4181), 
but the only other insular colony seen was that on the summit 
of Ildefonso Island (3748). It was frequent on the Sonoran 
coast about San Pedro and San Carlos (4384) bays. The 
plant forms a shrub 8-24 dm. high which is branched from the 
base and rather loose in growth. The leaves are resinous- 
glutinous. 


1192 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 


414. Aster spinosus Benth. 


Aster spinosus Benth., Pl. Hartw. 20. 1839.—Leucosyris 
spinosa Greene, Pittonia 3:244. 1897.—Aster spinosus var. 
Spinosissimus Brandg., Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 6:375. 1917.— 
Type locality: To the north of Mexico City. 

A very common and annoying plant in the large cafion in 
the Sierra Giganta back of Escondido Bay (4122). It grows 
in moist sand, apparently spreads by rhizomes, and forms dense 
spiny thickets 15-25 dm. high. The stems are strictly erect 
with many ascending pungent branches. The variety spinosis- 
simus appears to be merely a coarse-stemmed form. Its occur- 
rence is sporadic and its origin is probably ecologic. The col- 
lected material is not referable to it. 


415. Aster frutescens Wats. 


Aster frutescens Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:55. 1889.— 
Xylorrhiza frutescens Greene, Pittonia 3:48. 1896.—Type 
locality: Stony ridges near Los Angeles Bay, Lower California. 

A frequent plant on Angel de la Guarda Island (4224) and 
on the islets near its shore. It is particularly common on Pond 
Island (4238, 4242) where it grows on rocky hillsides and 
benches, forming very loosely and ascendingly branched shrubs 
5-10 dm. high. The vegetative portions of the plant, which 
much suggest that of a Hazardia, were noted on Mejia islet 
and at Puerto Refugio. The rays are lilac. The relationship 
of the plant is clearly with those of the section Megalastrum, 
but it is quite distinct from all species of that group in its 
smaller heads, different habit, glandularity, and smaller 
strongly veined leaves. There is a suggestion about the plant 
of some of the coarser species of Machzranthera. 


416. Baccharis sarothroides Gray 


Baccharis sarothroides Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17 :211. 1882. 
—Type locality: Near Old Mission station, San Diego County, 
California. 

Occasional in draws on San Pedro Martir Island (3159) 
where it forms a bright-green, compact shrub 12-15 dm. high. 


Vo. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1193 


It is reported (Proc. Am. Acad. 24:55. 1889) as growing 
only 6 dm. high on the island, but all plants seen there were 
considerably taller. 


417. Pelucha trifida Wats. 


Pelucha trifida Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:55. 1889.— 
Type locality: San Pedro Martir Island. 

This plant, forming a well-marked monotypic genus, has 
until the present been known only through the collections made 
by Palmer on San Pedro Martir Island. During the expedi- 
tion it was collected on San Pedro Martir Island (3151), at 
Palm Cafion on Angel de la Guarda Island (3412), and in a 
cafion back of Las Animas Bay (3508). It is definitely to be 
removed from the lists of insular endemics. 

On San Pedro Martir Island the plant is very common in 
rocky ground along the crest of the island, growing most 
abundantly on those slopes most exposed to the sea breezes. It 
is an open, irregularly branched shrub 7-10 dm. high whose 
younger stems are white with a thin, rather easily removed, 
oily tomentum. The plant is strongly aromatic and scents its 
immediate neighborhood upon the slightest bruising. The 
odor is peculiar and hardly that of cloves and cinnamon as 
suggested by Vasey and Rose (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:79. 
1890). On Angel de la Guarda Island only a small colony 
of the plant was found, that occurring on a protected cliff in a 
canon. At this locality the shrubs were scraggly and spread- 
_ ing, becoming only 6 dm. high. No flowers were obtainable. 
At Las Animas Bay the plant grew in crevices on a steep, 
rocky west-facing wall of a narrow cafion in the hills just 
south of the bay. It was locally common, forming a depressed, 
irregularly branched shrub 3-8 dm. high. The odor and other 
characters were identical with those of the plants at the type 
locality. 

The flowers in P. trifida are essentially homogamous, but in 
some heads there appears to be a slight tendency for the 
peripheral (perfect) flowers to be zygomorphous. The corolla 
is glabrous within and oily-tomentose outside. The style 
branches are very slender and glabrous, undivided or as much 
as 3 mm. long. The pappus-bristles are numerous, antrorsely 


1194 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Sex. 


scabrous, and in 3 or 4 notably unequal series. The mature 
achene is about 3 mm. long, a little over 1 mm. wide, and cov- 
ered with a dense white hispid-villous coat that contrasts with 
the dull color of the pappus. Under the pubescence the achenes 
are 10-11-ribbed. The species seems very constant in its floral 
development. 


418. Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass. 


Pluchea odorata Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat. 42:3. 1826.—Conyza 
odorata L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2:1213. 1759.—T ype locality: 
Jamaica. 

Frequent on San Marcos Island (3632), where it grows in 
colonies about pools in gypsum ravines. It usually forms rank 
growths 12 dm. high, but occasionally becomes small trees 
4m. high. A native called it “conolon.” A few plants were 
also noted at a stream-edge in the cafion back of Escondido 
Bay. 


419. Acanthambrosia bryantii (Curran) Rydb. 


Acanthambrosia bryantit Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 33:22. 1922.— 
Franseria bryantit Curran, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. I, 1:232. 
1888.—T ype locality: Vicinity of Magdalena Bay, Lower 
California. 

At San Francisquito Bay (3548) this remarkable shrub was 
locally abundant on a sandy stretch of wash about 1 km. back 
from the ocean. It is a compact, rounded, light-green shrub 
3-9 dm. high, and is notable because of its large burs. The 
burs are pallid and are strongly contrasted against the green 
of the herbage. They are persistent, adhering even to the dead 
wood within the plant. None was seen about the plants, so that 
their means of dissemination is obscure, especially as weevils 
seem to have attacked a large proportion of the persistent 
burs of previous seasons. The staminate flowers are borne in 
short, close racemes. With the exception of the San Francis- 
quito Bay collection it is known in the gulf area only from a 
collection made by Rose on San Josef Island. 

As to habit of growth, this plant is a Franseria, but as 
Rydberg has indicated, it has the technical bur-characters of 


Vot. XIT) JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1195 


Ambrosia. The peculiar bur is anomalous in both genera and 
so there seems good reason for maintaining the plant, on 
grounds largely of convenience, as a monotypic genus. 


420. Franseria ambrosioides Cav. 


Franseria ambrosioides Cay., Icones 2:79, t. 200. 1793.— 
Gertneria ambrosioides Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1:339. 1891.—T ype 
locahty: Mexico. 

A few plants were found on a sandy clearing at La Paz 
(3066). It grew as a viscid-glandular, shrubby perennial with 
ascending or widely spreading stems, and became 10-15 dm. 
high. Two small boys called it “chicura.” 


421. Franseria arborescens Brandg. 


Franseria arborescens Brandg., Zoe 5:162. 1903.—Fran- 
seria carduacea Greene, Leaflets 2:156. 1911.—Franseria 
sancte-gertrudis Rydb. N. Am. Fl. 33:35. 1922.—T-ype local- 
tty: Ascension, Lower California. 

Seen only in the large cafion in the Sierra Giganta back of 
Escondido Bay (4131). It is common at about 150 m. alti- 
tude, growing usually about large rocks where it forms either 
very rank tufts of subsimple stems, or produces one or two 
stems with ascending branches. It becomes nearly 3 m. tall 
and is distinctly woody. 


422. Franseria dumosa Gray 


Franseria dumosa Gray in Frem., 2nd Rep. 316. 1845.— 
Gertneria dumosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1:339. 1891.—T ype 
locality: Mohave Desert, California. 

Frequent on the dunes at San Luis Gonzales Bay (3353) 
where, during the visit late in April, only a single plant was 
found in fruit. 


423. Franseria ilicifolia Gray 


Franseria tlicifolia Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11:77. 1876.— 
Gertneria ihcifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1:339. 1891.—Type 
locality: Cantillas Cafion, Lower California. 


1196 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47TH Ser. 


Noted on South San Lorenzo, San Esteban (3204), and 
Angel de la Guarda (3361, 4219) islands. It was common in 
well-drained, gravelly soils, usually in washes, where the 
numerous spreading, subsimple, tufted stems formed depressed 
rounded growths 3-6 dm. high and 9-12 dm. broad. The 
gentlest wind causes the harsh stiff leaves to rub against each 
other and produce an almost constant grating sound. 


424. Hymenoclea pentalepis Rydb. 


Hymenoclea pentalepis Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 33:14. 1922.— 
Type locahty: Pima Cafion, Arizona. 

Forming an intricate shrub 9-12 dm. high in sandy washes 
at Freshwater Bay on Tiburon Island (3249). The plant has 
the habit of H. salsola, but though the wings of the involucre 
are almost as large and as erose as in the common plant of the 
Mohave Desert, they are in a single series and not spirally 
alternate. Hymenoclea monogyra has been distinguished by 
its uniserial wings, but H. pentalepis makes it necessary to 
stress the smaller involucres and more slender erect leafy habit. 


425. Bebbia juncea (Benth.) Greene 


Bebbia juncea Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1:180. 1885.— 
Carphephorus junceus Benth., Bot. Sulph. 21. 1844.—T ype 
locality: Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 

Growing on Tiburon (3267), San Esteban (4380), Partida 
(3236), and Angel de la Guarda islands; and at Tepoca and 
San Luis Gonzales bays. It is a shrub 8-12 dm. high with a 
dense crown of intricately branched, nearly leafless stems. It 
affects rocky soil, usually in washes, but not infrequently, as 
on Isla Partida, it occurs on talus. The original description 
calls for leaves 25-50 mm. long, but the collected material, like 
most of the specimens from California, has leaves only about 
25 mm. long. Brandegee has collected at Magdalena Island 
and Comondt specimens with leaves like those in the type. All 
peninsular plants have smooth stems. 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1197 


426. Bebbia juncea var. atriplicifolia (Gray), n. comb. 


Carphephorus atriplicifolia Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5:159. 
1861.—Bebbia atriplicifolia Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
1:181. 1885.—Type locality: Cape San Lucas, Lower Cali- 
fornia. 

In habit this form is somewhat different from its congener, 
for instead of forming globose masses, it forms dense, intri- 
cate, depressed, flat-topped growths 6-12 dm. high and 10-25 
dm. broad which are either self-supporting or supported 1-2 m. 
above the ground by other shrubs up through which the plant 
has grown. The stems are quite brittle. The inflorescence 
projects from the main mass of the plant and on an average is 
more dense than in the species, the pedicels being usually much 
under 3 cm. and not so elongated as in B. juncea. Although 
the two forms seemed distinct in the field, a study of the ma- 
terial in the Brandegee herbarium has seemed to substantiate 
Mr. Brandegee’s statements (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:180. 
1889, and Zoe 1:271. 1890) that the forms approach each 
other too closely. Bebbia atriplicifolia is accordingly reduced 
to varietal rank and is taken as the southern form with hastate 
or triangular leaves. The variety was seen at Agua Verde Bay 
(3900), San Diego Island (3926), at the Isthmus on Espiritu 
Santo Island (3963), and at all the stops on Ceralbo Island 
(4026, 4051, 4069). It usually grows in gravelly soils, but on 
San Diego Island occurred on a hillside. The variety appears 
to be not uncommon in the cape region and characteristic speci- 
mens have been taken as far north as Comondu. 


427. Coreocarpus arizonicus (Gray) Blake 


Coreocarpus arizonicus Blake, Proc. Am. Acad. 49:344, 
1913.—Leptosyne arizonica Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17:218. 
1882.—Coreopsis arizonica Hoffm. in E. & P., Nat. Pflanzenf, 
4°:243. 1890.—Type locality: Near Fort Lowell, Arizona. 

On San Pedro Nolasco Island (3144) this species is frequent 
on rocky slopes and on cliffs near the sea and forms bushy 
growths 3-5 dm. high. The rays are white with several brown- 
ish lines. The plant collected is unquestionably one of the 
variants of arizonicus, as its simply pinnate leaves, pectinately- 


1198 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES {Proc. 47H Ser. 


margined achenes, and pallid rays indicate. It is, however, 
very much more slender than the Arizona plant and perhaps is 
referable to the variety filiformis (Blake, loc. cit.). 

A peculiar form of this species was found at San Pedro Bay 
(4293) growing high up on a gravelly beach and forming de- 
pressed spreading masses 15-25 cm. high and 5-6 dm. broad. 
The floral and fruit characters are those of true arizonicus but 
not only are the plants different in habit, but the leaves are 
thicker, much shorter (20-35 mm. long), and have short oblong 
lobes. These differences may be due to the beach habitat. 


428. Coreocarpus dissectus (Benth.) Blake 


Coreocarpus dissectus Blake, Proc. Am. Acad. 49:344. 1913. 
—Acoma dissecta Benth., Bot. Sulph. 29, t. 17. 1844.— 
Leptosyne dissecta Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 1:301. 1884.— 
Coreocarpus dissectus var. longilobus Blake, Proc. Am. Acad. 
49 :345. 1913.—Type locality: Magdalena Bay, Lower Cali- 
fornia; not Cape San Lucas as given! See notes by Blake 
(Contr. Gray Herb. II, 52:56. 1917) and Brandegee (Proc. 
Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 3:224. 1890). 

Collected on San Marcos Island (3623) where common in 
gypsum soil in ravines and on talus at foot of cliffs, on Carmen 
Island (3829) where found only in shelter of cliffs, and on 
Danzante Island (3860) where common on bluffs facing the 
sea. It is a slender-stemmed shrub forming a rounded bush 
3-6 dm. high. 


429. Encelia farinosa var. phenicodonta (Blake), n. comb. 


Encelia farinosa f. phenicodonta Blake, Proc. Am. Acad. 
49 :362. 1913.—Type locality: Near San Quentin, Lower 
California. 

Flowering material of this variety was found only on 
Tiburon (3254) and Patos (3236) islands. Plants in a sterile 
condition, and hence not positively of this variety, were noted 
at Tepoca Bay and on Angel de la Guarda, Tortuga, and San 
Marcos islands. It is very abundant on Tortuga Island, giving 
a pallid tone to that lava island. 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1199 


430. Encelia palmeri Vasey & Rose 


Encelia palmeri Vasey & Rose, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 
11:535. 1889.—Type locality: Lagoon Head, Lower Cali- 
fornia. 

Frequent in a sandy wash near La Paz (3062). It is a low 
shrub with ascending branches and becomes 6 dm. high. Called 
“mirasol” by small boys. 


431. Helianthus niveus (Benth.) Brandg. 


Helianthus niveus Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:173. 
1889.—Encelia nivea Benth., Bot. Sulph. 27. 1844.—Viguiera 
nivea Gray, Bot. Calif. 1:354. 1876.—Helianthus dealbatus 
Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 1:271. 1884.—Viguiera sonore 
Rose & Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16:20, t. 16.1912.— 
Type locality: San Quentin, Lower California. 

A very common and conspicuous plant on the dunes at Kino 
Point (4285), and at Willards Point on Tiburon Island 
(4247). It is a beautiful species with clean white strigose 
decumbent stems and very numerous yellow flowers. It forms 
a loose growth 3-6 dm. high. The species is not known from 
the east shore of the peninsula. Along the Sonoran coast it is 
known from the stations mentioned, and from collections made 
at Guaymas by Brandegee, from an unspecified locality by 
Pringle, and from one made by MacDougal somewhat back 
from the shore near the head of the gulf. 


432. Coulterella capitata Vasey & Rose 


Coulterella capitata Vasey & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 
1:71, t. 1. 1890.—T ype locality: La Paz, Lower California. 

For over 30 years this very distinct species has been repre- 
sented in herbaria by only two collections. These were taken 
by Palmer and Brandegee from a small colony of the bush 
which grew on the beach just to the east of La Paz. Accord- 
ing to Mr. Brandegee, this small type colony has been long 
since washed away by storm water. The plant can now, how- 
ever, be reported from two new locations. It is very common 
on San Francisco Island (3950), and is present, but much less 


1200 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


common, on Espiritu Santo Island where it was observed at the 
Isthmus (3981) and again about Candeleros Bay. 

The species seems to do best when growing close to the 
ocean, particularly on an old beach above the height of storm 
water. On Espiritu Santo Island a few plants were observed 
even on the high dividing ridge at an altitude of considerably 
over 300 m. The plant has numerous stems with loosely 
ascending or horizontal branches which form a flattened 
shrubby mass 3-9 dm. high and 6-11 dm. broad. All the plants 
seemed to have much dead wood. The very succulent opposite 
leaves are 2-4 mm. thick. They fall very readily when the 
green plant is handled, but appear to dry up and remain at- 
tached for some time if left undisturbed. The involucre is a 
juicy, accrescent, thickly 3-4 winged, calyx-like structure that 
is transparent, greenish-yellow in color, and turns a greenish- 
blue when bruised. It usually bears but a single flower, but in 
one case two achenes were found in a single involucre. The 
corolla-lobes are lemon-yellow, recurved, and about as long as 
the tube. The achenes remain enclosed by the receptacle and 
fall when the latter does after drying. The plants observed 
were covered with undisturbed clusters of dried involucres, so 
that it is apparent that the succulence of the involucre plays no 
part in the dissemination of the species. The whole plant has 
a very strong odor that much suggests that of Dyssodia. 


433. Verbesina oligocephala, n. sp. 


Small shrub 6-12 dm. high with few ascending opposite 
branches ; younger twigs white tomentose, older stems grayish 
and tending to be lightly glaucous ; leaves opposite, light green, 
scabrous, the minute pustulate bases of hairs commonly with a 
tiny mass of resin; blade ovate or lance-ovate, acute, 4-7 cm. 
long, base rounded or cuneate, narrowed into a winged petiole 
5-8 mm. long; heads comparatively small, 2-4 in terminal 
corymbose cymes; inflorescence not conspicuous; peduncles 
rather slender, 4-11 mm. long, covered with short but copious 
hairs; involucre campanulate, 3-4 mm. high, 4.5-7.5 mm. wide, » 
much surpassed by flowers; bracts biseriate, ovate-oblong, a dull 
mustard-color with rounded recurving green tips; rays orange- 
yellow, neutral, about 12, tube pubescent and 2-2.5 mm. long, 


Vox. XII] - JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1201 


ligule oblong and 5.5-6 mm. long, achenes epappose; disk- 
flowers yellow, perfect, 20-30, tube about 1 mm. long, throat 
4.5 mm. long, the lance-triangular lobes 1 mm. long; receptacle 
low convex ; palez oblong-linear, acute, pubescent, deciduous, 6 
mm. long, closely enfolding the disk-flowers whose color they 
simulate and whose length they exceed; style 2mm. long, tips 
acute; immature achenes cuneate, flat, 4.5 mm. long, 1 mm. 
wide, silky with hairs longest and densest above, lateral edges 
acute; pappus of 2 ciliate awns, these nearly as long as achenes. 

Type: No. 1313, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected May 26, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3899) on a rocky slope in the 
mountains back of Agua Verde Bay, Lower California. 

This plant was collected on a steep rocky slope in a huge 
amphitheater-like cafion in the Sierra Giganta just south of 
Agua Verde Bay (3899). It is an erect growing, little- 
branched shrub about 1 m. high. Only a few plants were seen, 
and these, with one exception, were out of flower. The plant is 
most nearly allied to V. palmeri Wats. from Los Angeles Bay, 
but differs in habit, canescent twigs, smaller heads, and in its 
few-headed inflorescence hidden among the foliage. It evi- 
dently belongs to the section Sonoricola in the revision by 
Robinson and Greenman (Proc. Am. Acad. 34:542. 1899), 
but is atypical in its habit and in its small heads. 


434. Viguiera deltoidea Gray 


Viguiera deltoidea Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5:161. 1861.— 
Type locality: Cape San Lucas, Lower California. 

The typical form of this polymorphous species was collected 
at La Paz (3034), and on San Pedro Nolasco (3127) and San 
Esteban (4379) islands. At La Paz it grew on the low bluffs 
along the ocean and formed an open scraggly shrub 15 dm. 
high. On Nolasco Island it grew in narrow rocky draws 
forming very broad clumps 10-15 dm. high. The collection at 
La Paz and the mentioned (3127) collection from Nolasco 
match in leaf-shape and pubescence several of Brandegee’s col- 
lections from the cape region. The San Esteban collection has 
smoother subentire and less pronouncedly veined leaves, and 
came from plants growing in an open wash. Similar to this 
last in foliage is collection number 3141, also gathered on 


1202 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 47H Ser. 


San Pedro Nolasco Island. The latter plant grew with number 
3127, but appeared quite different in the field. The atypical 
form (3141) has smaller heads in closer corymbs, and leaves 
narrower, smoother and lighter in color. 


435. Wiguiera deltoidea var. chenopodina (Greene) Blake 


Viguiera deltoidea var. chenopodina Blake, Contr. U. S. 
Nat. Herb. 54:91. 1918.—Vigwiera chenopodina Greene, 
Leaflets 2:154. 1911.—Vigutera nucrophylla Vasey & Rose, 
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 11:535. 1890.—Type locality: Be- 
tween San Domingo and Matancita, Lower California. 

This variety, characterized by its firm pallid leaves, appears 
to be the prevailing Viguiera over the middle portion of the 
peninsula. It was collected in a cafion back of Guadalupe Point 
(4154), from hills back of Agua Verde Bay (3898), and from 
Carmen Island (3826). Bryant collected it on San Josef 
Island in 1892. The plant affects gravelly washes forming 
large clumps 15 dm. high. Viguiera microphylla seems to be 
merely a form of chenopodina with somewhat smaller leaves. 


436. Palafoxia linearis var. leucophylla (Gray), n. comb. 


Palafoxia leucophylla Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8:291. 1870. 
—Palafoxia arenaria Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. I, 
2:178. 1889.—Type locality: Carmen Island. _ 

Typical collections of this variety were made at San Nicolas 
Bay (3716), San Pedro Bay (4322), San Francisquito Bay 
(3588), Loreto (3776), and Monserrate Island (3866). The 
plant grows on the sand along the ocean, forming dense bushy 
growths 4-9 dm. high. Gray gives the height of the plant as 
10 ft., but that measurement is unquestionably incorrect. 
Brandegee’s collections from Boca de Las Animas, La Paz, and 
Guadalupe, coupled with the expedition material above cited 
form a rather uniform series agreeing in shrubby habit, densely 
strigose obtuse linear leaves (about 25 mm. long), and near 
lack of glutinous indument. Forms intermediate between P. 
linearis and the variety leucophylla were collected at Las 
Animas Bay (3514) and on Tiburon Island (3264). 

Palafoxia linearis differs from its variety in having lance- 
linear, usually non-strigose, acute leaves, annual or biennial 


Vor. XII) JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1203 


root, erect stems 2-5 dm. high, and by being covered and dark- 
ened by glands. These characters distinguish only the ex- 
tremes, and furthermore are not always concomitant. The 
bushy habit of lewcophylla seems merely a response to a longer 
growing season. The young plants of the variety are tufted 
and indistinguishable in habit from the species. The Las 
Animas Bay collection has the bushy habit of the variety, but 
is glandular throughout and though the leaves suggest 
leucophylla they are more elongate and less strigose than usual. 
The Tiburon Island plant grew in rounded bushy masses 6-9 
dm. high, but has much elongated glutinous leaves that closely 
approach those of linearis. Obtuse strigose leaves are found on 
a simple-stemmed annual plant collected at Guaymas by 
Brandegee. Gray (Proc. Am. Acad. 19:31. 1883) reduced 
P. leucophylla outright, but it would seem better to retain it 
as a geographical variety, inasmuch as it becomes stable in 
its characters and entirely replaces P. linearis on the shores of 
the southern parts of the peninsula. 


437. Perityle aurea Rose 


Perityle aurea Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:84. 1890.— 
Type locality: Santa Rosalia, Lower California. 

Found only on San Marcos Island (3614) where it grows in 
small colonies about moist salt-incrusted area in deep ravines 
cut into gypsum. It occurs with P. emoryi and is usually much 
branched from the base, becoming 4 dm. high and nearly as 
broad. The flowers are light yellow. It has been previously 
known only from the original collections made at Santa 
Rosalia. 


438. Perityle californica Benth. 


Perityle californica Benth., Bot. Sulph. 23, t. 15. 1844.— 
Perityle deltoidea Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:57. 1889.— 
Type locality: Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 

Of this species a single plant was found growing among the 
poppies on an opium plantation at Mulegé (3677). Perityle 
californica and P. deltoidea are essentially the same. The 
former has slightly larger pappus squamule, but that is a small 


1204 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


difference and one frequently done away with by intergradia- 
tion. Rydberg (N. Am. FI. 34:13. 1914) separates the plants 
on their leaf-shape, a character even less satisfactory than the 
pappus difference. Perityle deltoidea was no doubt proposed 
because its author misapplied the name “P. californica’ to 
forms of P. emoryi. He was certainly not attempting to seg- 
regate a critical species. 

There are five yellow-flowered species of Perityle known 
from the peninsula. P. californica, aurea, and lobata are dis- 
cussed and their synoymy indicated under separate headings. 
The others are P. microglossa and P. cuneata. Perityle micro- 
glossa Benth. (Bot. Sulph. 119. 1844) is a widely ranging 
species known on the peninsula only about San José del Cabo. 
It is characterized by its biaristate pappus, small heads, and 
short rays. Perityle cuneata Brandg. (Zoe 1:54. 1890) is as 
yet known only from the cape region and is characterized by 
its medium-sized heads and well developed rays. The pappus 
when present consists of short awns. Perityle cuneata stands 
in the same relation to P. microglossa that P. robusta does to 
P. emoryi. Perityle marginata Rydb. (N. Am. FI. 34:14. 
1914) differs form cuneata only in the broad callous margins 
of its achenes, and seems better named Perityle cuneata var. 
marginata (Rydb.), n. comb. It is apparently not uncommon 
at low altitudes in the southern parts of the cape region. The 
yellow-rayed peninsular species may be distinguished as 
follows: 


Throat of disk-flowers much exceeding tube.................... P. lobata 
Throat of disk-flowers about equalling tube. 
Awn one, equalling or exceeding the achene. 
Achenes callous-margined; leaves longer than broad....P. californica 
Achenes not callous-margined; leaves broader than 
1 C0) oT ae Bee Aho OMIn SI mie ania ARCA omM me eit mlevereveleye P. aurea 
Awns two or rarely none, usually unequal and shorter 
than achene. 
Head 3-5 mm. high, 4-6 mm. broad; rays 1-2 mm. 
long winconspicuolusi-eeeeEeeeee cee reerererrenetr P. microglossa 
Head 6-8 mm. high, 7-11 mm. broad; rays 3-5 mm. 
long, conspicuous. — 
Achenes with narrow callous margin..............0..-: P. cuneata 
Achenes with very broad callous margin........... P. c. marginata 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1205 


439. Perityle emoryi Torr. 


Perityle emoryi Torr. in Emory, Notes Mil. Recon. 142. 
1848.—Laphamia emoryi Benth & Hook. in Jacks., Index 
Kew. 3:30. 1894.—Perityle nuda Torr., Pacif. R. R. Rep. 
4:100. 1857.—Perityle emoryt var. nuda Gray, Bot. Calif. 
1:397. 1876.—Perityle californica var. nuda Gray, Syn. Fl. 
N. A. 1:321. 1884.—Laphamia nuda Benth. & Hook. in 
Jacks., Index Kew. 3:30. 1894.—Perityle fitchu var. palmeri 
Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 1:321 . 1884.—Perityle grayi Rose, Bot. 
Gaz. 15:118, t. 13, f. 8. 1890.—Perityle greene: Rose, Bot. 
Gaz. 15:117, t. 13, f. 7. 1890.—Perityle emoryi var. orcuttit 
Rose, Bot. Gaz. 15:117. 1890.—Type locality: Carrizo 
Creek, San Diego County, California. 

Nine collections (3148, 3240, 3268, 3287, 3235, 3388, 3566, 
3622, 4236) of this polymorphous species were made at various 
localities in the gulf area north of San Marcos Island. It was 
frequent, growing mainly back from the coast and on cliffs, in 
sandy draws, or about moist places. Though the species varies 
much in leaf-form and habit, segregation seems impractical. 
Intermediates are so numerous that the few typical representa- 
tives of a segregated variant are found to be lost among the 
host of atypical cognate forms. The important characters of 
P. emoryt are its medium- sized heads, white rather short in- 
conspicuous rays, and villous- but not callous-margined 
achenes. The leaves may be suborbicular, ovate, or triangular- 
ovate in outline and have a base that is truncate, cordate, or 
reniform. The leaf margins are either coarsely toothed, or 
variously palmately lobed or cleft with the lobes crenate or 
serrate. 


440. Perityle lobata (Rydb.), n. comb. 


Leptopharynx lobata Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 34:23. 1914.— 
Type locality: Comondu, Lower California. 

Rather common between 100 and 300 m. altitude in a deep 
cafion in the Sierra Giganta back of Escondido Bay (4115). 
The plant trailed over moist gravel on the cafion floor forming 
depressed growths 5-10 cm. high and 1-2 dm. broad. The leaf- 
blades are palmately cut with irregularly toothed lobes and are 
a trifle smaller than in the type, being scarcely 15 mm. long. 


1206 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


In duration the plant is definitely annual. Rydberg describes 
the species as “a low perennial, woody at the base,” but all the 
type collection in the Brandegee herbarium is entirely herbace- 
ous, and the one plant that shows the root is unmistakably 
annual. Neither Brandegee’s Comondu nor Purisima collections 
(cf. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:177. 1889, under P. palmeri) 
suggests the woody development and perennial habit character- 
istic of P. palmeri. Perityle lobata differs from its near rela- 
tive, palmeri, in its herbaceous stems, green (not canescent) 
thinner and more deeply lobed leaves, and larger (3.5-5 instead 
of 3-3.5 mm. long) achenes whose sides are not glabrous but 
marked with conspicuous medial longitudinal lines of hairs. 


441. Perityle palmeri Wats. 


Perityle palmeri Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:57. 1889.— 
Leptopharynx palmeri Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 34:23. 1914.— 
Type locality: Guaymas, Sonora. 

Infrequent in shaded crevices on bare precipitous north- 
facing basalt cliffs at San Pedro Bay (4416) and on the ridge 
just east of Guaymas (3097). The plant has a thick woody 
root that grows tightly wedged in between the rocks. 


442. Perityle robusta Rydb. 


Perityle robusta Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 34:16. 1914.—Perityle 
incompta Brandg., Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 6:503. 1919.— 
Type locality: Ceralbo Island. 

Collected at San Nicolas Bay (3720), Loreto (3791), Mon- 
serrate Island (3865), Agua Verde Bay (3893, Espiritu Santo 
Island (4081), La Paz (3030, 3068), and Ceralbo Island 
(4046). The plant grows in sandy soil usually somewhat back 
from the ocean and is commonly branched from the base and 
15-50 cm. high. The species seems to be a near relative of 
P. emoryi, replacing it in the southern part of the peninsula, 
and differing from it in larger heads, long (about 5 mm.) con- 
spicuous rays, and more deeply dissected leaves. The only 
suggestion of intergradation between P. robusta and P. emoryt, 
is that found in the plants collected on the sands at Guadalupe 
Point (4150). These are suggestive of P. emoryi, especially 
in their short rays. Also referred to P. robusta are collections — 


Vot. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1207 


from San Francisco (3946) and Coronados (3756) islands. 
They grew on dunes and have coarse, indurated tap-roots, but 
can scarcely be perennial as they show no evidence of having 
flowered more than once. The leaves are thickish, more or less 
crisped, parted, glandular tomentose, and crowded near the 
base of the stem. This last form usually grew 25-50 cm. high, 
but on San Francisco Island some plants formed dense herba- 
ceous masses 6-9 dm. high and 15 dm. broad. 


443. Perityle rotundifolia (Benth,) Brandg. 


Perityle rotundifolia Brandg., Zoe 4:210. 1893.—Amauria 
rotundifolia Benth., Bot., Sulph. 31. 1844.—Perityle fitchit 
Torr., Pacif. R. R. Rep. 4:100. 1857.—Laphamia peninsu- 
laris Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1:8. 1884.—T ype locality: 
San Quintin, Lower California. 

A single large plant, 35 cm. high, was found growing on the 
bank of an irrigation ditch at Mulegé (3676). The plant was 
rounded in outline with the lower branches decumbent and the 
herbage somewhat glutinous. The achenes are quadrangular, 
with the faces smooth and shiny but the angles hairy. Perityle 
rotundifolia is akin to P. brandegeana Rose (Bot. Gaz. 15:114. 
1890), but the latter apparently can be recognized through its 
slightly smaller heads and by the stout curved hairs covering 
the faces of the achenes. 


444. Trichoptilium incisum Gray 


Trichoptilium incisum Gray in Torr., Bot. Mex. Bound. 
97. 1859.—Psathyrotes incisa Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II, 
5:322. 1854.—Type locality: Colorado Desert near Colorado 
River, California. 

A few plants were gathered in a sandy wash back of San 
Francisquito Bay (3581). 


445. Dyssodia speciosa Gray 


Dyssodia speciosa Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5:163. 1861.— 
Labetina speciosa Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 47:435. 1909.—Clo- 
menocoma speciosa Rydb., N. Am. FI. 34:165. 1915.—Type 
locality: Cape San Lucas, Lower California. 


1208 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


Collected at La Paz (3058) where previously taken by 
Brandegee and Palmer, and at the Isthmus on Espiritu Santo 
Island (3966). It is a weak shrubby perennial that clambers 
up through larger shrubs and forms dense intricate masses 3-9 
dm. broad. It is a very striking plant when in flower. 


446. Nicolletia trifida Rydb. 


Nicolletia trifida Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 34:180. 1915.—T ype 
locality: Los Angeles Bay, Lower California. 

This is an interesting and conspicuous plant known only 
from the mid-section of the peninsula. It was collected at San 
Luis Gonzales Bay (3333), San Francisquito Bay (3562), and 
on Santa Inez Island where only a single plant was found. It 
affects sandy soil and spreads by deep rhizomes, so that when 
present it usually occurs in some abundance. The rays are 
white above, but outside they are marked by a broad medial 
longitudinal reddish-brown stripe. When bruised the plant 
exhales a strong Dyssodia-like odor that is entirely lost in 
drying. 


447. Porophyllum confertum Greene 


Porophyllum confertum Greene, Leaflets 2:155. 1911.— 
Porophyllum ochroleucum Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 34:189. 1916. 
—T ype locality: Ceralbo Island. 

Collected at the type locality which is situated just north of 
Gordas Point on the western shore of Ceralbo Island (4024). 
It was common there in gravelly washes, forming a slender 
shrub 15-25 dm. high. The plant has a rather strictly and 
little branched corymbose crown that is supported by a simple 
slender trunk-like stem. The corollas are a pale dilute yellow. 

Also referred to P. confertuwm is the peninsular plant that 
has been frequently collected in the cape region, and of which 
Rydberg has segregated the broad leaved form as P. ochroleu- 
cum. The material from Ceralbo Island has an inflorescence 
slightly more crowded than that found in specimens from San 


Vo. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1209 


José del Cabo, but otherwise they seem quite similar. In its 
typical phases P. confertwm may be recognized by its yellow 
corollas with lobes 1/3 - 1/4 as long as the tube, by its narrow 
heads with involucral bracts less than 1 cm. high, and by its 
tall (over 1 m.) erect bushy habit of growth. Its nearest 
relative is P. gracile which is a lower and more bushy plant with 
broader heads composed of longer (over 1 cm.) broader in- 
volucral bracts, and brownish-stained pallid flowers with lobes 
1/6-1/10 as long as the tube. In confertwm the main stem is 
long and simple, being terminated by a corymbosely branched 
crown, whereas in gracile the plant is bushy, the branching 
being from the base. 

Porophyllum confertum as represented by extreme speci- 
mens, appears quite distinct from P. gracile, but its plea for 
specific distinctness is much clouded by several perplexing col- 
lections. In one made at Arroyo Salada (Purpus 233) the 
habit is correct, but the heads are a little large and, though the 
inner florets have lobes 1/4-1/5 the length of the tube, 
the outer florets have lobes a little less than 1/7 mm. as long 
as the tube. In a Brandegee collection from Sierra Laguna 
every thing is typical of P. confertwm except that the flowers 
have lobes only 1/9 as long as the tube. To include the latter 
collection in P. confertwm would be to destroy the diagnostic 
value of corolla-proportion, the only crucial character of quan- 
titative nature. Further collecting will probably reveal P. 
confertum confluent with P. gracile, inasmuch as the latter 
occurs in the region immediately to the north of that occupied 
by the former. Brandegee (Zoe 1:313. 1890) says that the 
cape plant differs from gracile in the possession of a pleasing 
fragrance. 

There are two leaf-forms in P. confertum. The Ceralbo 
Island plant has its leaves linear-filiform and about 2 mm. 
broad. The same leaf-shape occurs on the peninsula as does 
also a broader form 4 mm. wide. The broad-leaved form 
would best be called Porophyllum confertum var. ochroleucum 
(Rydb.), n. comb. Porophyllum ochroleucum was based on a 
collection made at Saucito by Brandegee. It has yellow corol- 
las with lobes 1/6 - 1/7 as long as the tube. Though its heads 


1210 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


appear to be a little large for good confertum the growth 
habit seems to be typical. It represents one of the interme- 
diates between P. confertum and P. gracile, but for the present 
can be made to include broad-leaved forms of confertum. 


448. Porophyllum gracile Benth. 


Porophyllum gracile Benth., Bot. Sulph. 29. 1844.—T ype 
locality: Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 

Not uncommon in gravelly washes in the gulf area. Col- 
lections were made on Angel de la Guarda Island (3414, 
4211), Las Animas Bay (3520), San Marcos Island (3615), 
San Nicolas Bay (3735), Kino Point (4415), Tiburon Island 
(4256), and Tepoca Bay (3300). It is occasionally tufted 
with 4-5 stems, but commonly it is a bush under 6 dm. high. 
Occasionally it becomes as much as 12 dm. high. The Tepoca 
Bay collection presents the only notable variation. It has very 
long (over 9 mm.) corollas that protrude far from the involu- 
cre and have lobes 1/4- 1/5 as long as the tube. This variant 
is probably to be referred to one of Greene’s many segregates. 


449. Porophyllum leptophyllum, n. sp. 


A compact bushy shrub 15-60 cm. high with a very twiggy 
cinerescent woody framework and very slender siccosanguine 
foliage-bearing peripheral branches; leaves sessile, coriaceous, 
green, linear, 5-12 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide, gland-tipped, 
acuminate, not crowded; heads terminating short leafy 
branches, 7-8 mm. high, 5-6 mm. broad, 25-30-flowered ; in- 
volucral bracts 5, usually colored, oblong or obovate, each 
with a single giand or rarely with several glands near the 
apex ; corolla entirely yellowish or at times with purplish lobes, 
4.5-5.5 mm. long, lobes ovate and less than 0.5 mm. long; 
pappus of 5 groups of slender unequal antrorsely barbed bris- 
tles that are a trifle shorter or longer than the corollas; achenes 
glabrous, 2.5 mm. long, about 0.5 mm. wide, 4-angled with 
faces 3-4 grooved. 


Vor. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1211 


Type: No. 1314, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected May 1, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3373) in the low hills back of 
Puerto Refugio, Angel de la Guarda Island, Gulf of California. 

Collected on Angel de la Guarda (3373), San. Esteban 
(3168), South San Lorenzo (3533), and Tiburon (4250) 
islands. Brandegee has collected it at Paso de las Dolores. 
The plant grows on dry rocky cliffs or on packed gravelly 
beaches near the sea. It forms compact globose masses 1-3 or 
6 dm. high, composed of stiffish twiggy intricately branched 
stems. It is decidedly shrubby and very woody at the base, 
differing in these regards from its relative P. crassifoliwm. 
The twigs are the color of dried blood and give the plant a very 
dark tone when viewed from a distance. The plant has a 
strong and peculiar odor that is entirely lost in drying. The 
new species is most nearly related to P. crassifolium. It is 
readily recognized by its linear, nearly terete, coriaceous leaves, 
its stiffish twiggy blood-colored woody stems, and its fewer 
less crowded, somewhat smaller heads. The range of lepto- 
phyllum is to the north of that of crassifolium. 


450. Porophyllum tridentatum var. 
crassifolium (Wats.), n. comb. 


Porophyllum crassifolium Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 24:57. 
1889.—T ype locality: Mulegé, Lower California. 

Growing in crevices on bluffs near the sea or on dry packed 
elevated beaches forming a very close globose mass 1.5-5 dm. 
high. The plant has very juicy herbage and is strongly aro- 
matic with a characteristic Dyssodia-like odor. It was col- 
lected only on Carmen (3815) and Monserrate (3870) islands. 
The plant differs from P. tridentata, of the western shore of 
the peninsula, only in its leaves which are simply acute and not 
3-toothed. The species are very closely related, both, for in- 
stance, having the peculiar glandular apiculation on the leaf- 
tips, both having a similar habit and habitats, and both having 
the same floral developments. The relations are so obvious 
that a mere unit leaf-difference does not seem sufficient reason 
for keeping them distinct. 


1212 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc, 47H Ser. 


451. Peucephyllum schottii var. latisetum, n. var. 


Bristles of inner pappus series all broadly scarious-margined, 
margins 3 or more times as broad as the midrib. 

Type: No. 1315, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected May 12, 
1921, by I. M. Johnston (no. 3644) on talus footing gypsum 
cliffs on San Marcos Island, Gulf of California. 

This variety is a geographical form, differing from the 
species in the possession of broadly margined inner pappus 
bristles. The plants of California have the bristles of inner 
pappus series inconspicuously winged, but the peninsular plants 
have the bristles so broadly margined that attention is at once 
directed to them. Plants intermediate in pappus development 
occur in the region along the International Boundary. The 
type of the species has very narrowly margined sete. The 
variety ranges southward along the eastern peninsular coast to 
about lat. 27° N., it was collected on San Marcos Island 
(3349) and Palmer (cf. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:84. 1890) 
has material from Santa Rosalia. Brandegee and Goldman 
(Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16:369. 1916) have made collec- 
tions at Calamujuet. Other collections were made at San Luis 
Gonzales Bay (3349), Angel de la Guarda Island (3375), and 
San Esteban Island (3170). On San Marcos Island the 
shrub was common and usually grew on talus footing gypsum 
cliffs, but at the other stations it occurred as isolated bushes or 
formed small colonies always on volcanic rock. It was not 
collected on South San Lorenzo Island, but it is one of the 
most common shrubs there, frequently forming dense colonies 
and making green large areas on the brown rocky slopes. The 
plant is a resinous shrub 1-2 m. high with an open crown 
formed of many strictly ascending branches. A native on San 
Marcos Island called it “romero”, and was very positive re- 
garding its value in the treatment of female ailments. 


452. Psathyrotes ramosissima (Torr.) Gray 


Psathyrotes ramosissima Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7:363. 
1868.—Tetradynua ramosissima Torr. in Emory, Notes Mil. 


Vou. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1213 


Recon. 145. 1848.—T ype locality: Hills bordering the Gila 
River, Arizona. 

Infrequent in a broad gravelly wash back of San Luis Gon- 
zales Bay (3340). It has prostrate branches and forms mats 
2-5 cm. high and 1-5 dm. broad. The herbage is glutinuous 
due to the heavy oily nature of the tomentum. The odor of 
the plant is very strong and disagreeable, being almost exactly 
that of Trichostema lanceolata. This sets the southern limit 
for the species, the most southern previous collection being 
Brandegee’s from Agua Dulce. 


453. Gochnatia arborescens Brandg. 


Gochnatia arborescens Brandg., Zoe 5:163. 1903—Type 
locality: Cafion de Santa Maria, Lower California. 

Near the south end of Ceralbo Island (4023) this species 
forms a close populous colony in a small draw near the head 
of a steep rocky cafion. The plants were arborescent with 
dark furrowed bark and an open crown. They were conspicu- 
ous when seen, due to the multitude of straw-colored glomer- 
ules which were borne on the leafless or nearly leafless branches. 
The leaves appear to drop soon after anthesis. 


454. ‘Trixis californica Kell. 


Trixis californica Kell., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2:182, f. 53s 
1862.—Trivis suffruticosa Wats., Bot. Calif. 2:459. 1880.— 
Trixis angustifolia var. latiuscula Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 1:410. 
1878.—T ype locality: Cedros Island. 

Collected at Los Angeles Bay (3443), and on San Pedro 
Nolasco (3149), Patos (3246), and Tiburon (3270) islands. 
It was observed on San Esteban, Angel de la Guarda, and Tor- 
tuga islands. The plant usually grows in rocky places, forming 
low open shrubs 5-9 dm. high. This western plant differs from 
T. angustifolia of central Mexico only in the lack of tomentum 
on the lower leaf faces. Some of the plants in the cape region 
show a tendency to become tomentose, and it may be better 
to apply Gray’s varietal name to our plant. 


1214 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES _ [Pnoc. 47m Ser. 


455. Malacothrix xanti Gray 


Malacothrix xanti Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9:213. 1874.— 
Type locality: Cape San Lucas, Lower California. 

A large colony was found growing on a hot dry shell beach 
at La Paz (3031), but only a few plants were found fit for col- 
lecting. The material is in good fruit, and instead of having 
the achenes castaneous as described by Gray, they are decided 
yellow. The species is apparently a very distinct one with 
M. fendleri as its nearest relative. It is readily distinguished 
from fendleri by its larger, thinner leaves, taller, naked stems, 
yellow achenes with 2-3 outer pappus-bristles, and pink or rose- 
colored ligules. The achenes of the two species are almost 
identical in form, size, and markings. 


456. Stephanomeria exigua Nutt. 


Stephanomeria exigua Nutt., Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. II, 
7:428. 1841.—Putiloria exigua Greene, Pittonia 2:132. 1890. 
—Type locality: “On the Rocky Mountain plains, toward 
the Colorado.” 

Scrambling up through bushes at Tepoca Bay (3295). The 
achenes have 4 ranks of smaller and more irregular tubercles 
than usually found on the faces of the fruit in this species, and 
the pappus-bristles are darker and longer-plumose than ordi- 
nary. The branches were numerous and very brittle. 


Vou. XII] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1215 


APPENDIX 
FUNGI AND LICHENS 


Woody and leathery fungi were collected at every oppor- 
tunity during the course of the Expedition. The few speci- 
mens collected were determined by Mr. C. G. Lloyd. 

Lichens were taken at only a few localities, and then with 
no attempt at thorough collecting. The few conspicuous 
species collected have been authoritatively determined by Dr. 
E. A. Vainio. 

Previous to the present list the only papers dealing with the 
peninsula fungus-flora were those by Patouillard & Hariot 
(Jour. de Bot. 10: 250-252. 1896), and by Harkness (Proc. 
Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 2:231-232. 1889). 

The longest paper on the peninsular lichens is by Hue (Jour. 
de Bot. 9: 108-113. 1895). Hasse (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb., 
17:1-132. 1913) and Eckfeldt (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 
291-292. 1893), however, give scattering record concerning 
the peninsular lichen-flora. 


FUNGI 
1. Tylostoma occidentale Lloyd 


Two plants were collected from a gravelly hillside at En- 
senada Blanca on Monserrate Island (107). 


2. Schizostoma laceratum Ehrenb. 


A single specimen was collected on the dunes at San Nicolas 
Bay (117). Lloyd (Mycolog. Notes 7: 1173. 1923) has 
given a long discussion of this species, and a photograph of the 
San Nicolas collection. The latter is said to be the first made 
outside of equatorial Africa. 


3. Gyrophragmium inquinans Berk. 


A colony of this plant was found in sandy soil under 
Prosopis chilensis at the south end of Tiburon Island (115). 


1216 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. 


4. Podaxon farlowii Masse 


Collected at the north (110) and south (116) ends of Angel 
de la Guarda Island and on Sal si Puedes Island (111). The 
plant was rare, only a few plants being seen at each locality. It 
affected gravelly soil. 


5. Battarrea digueti Pat. & Har. 


Growing in populous colonies in sandy soil, in most instances 
under Prosopis chilensis. Seen only at Escondido Bay (109), 
San Josef Island (114), and Carmen Island (113). The type 
was collected by Diguet somewhere in Lower California. Lloyd 
(Mycol. Notes 7: 1174. 1923) has commented on the 
Academy collections of the species and has given photographs 
of them. A small form of the species, collected in sandy soil 
under Prosopis at the south end of Tiburon Island (112), has 
been described by Lloyd (loc. cit., 1175, fig. 2335) as forma 
minor. 


6. Calvatia occidentalis Lloyd 


A few plants of this species were found on a gravelly cafion 
floor in the hills back of Marquer Bay, Carmen Island (106). 


7. Fomes rimosa Berk. 


Infrequent on sickly trees of Lysiloma candida at Marquer 
Bay on Carmen Island (105), and at San Carlos Bay, Sonora 
(100). 


8. Fomes robustus Karst. 


Found growing on living Lysiloma candida at Puerto Bal- 
landra on Carmen Island (108). 


9. Polyporus curtisii Berk. 


Collected from Bursera at Amortajada Bay on San Josef 
Island (103), and from Lysiloma at Puerto Ballandra on 
Carmen Island (104). 


Vor. XIT] JOHNSTON—THE BOTANY 1217 


10. Polyporus hispidus Bagl. 


Denuded specimens were collected from an old willow stump 
in the bottom-land at Mulegé (101). 


11. Polyporus, sp. 


A polypore, collected with the last species from a willow 
stump at Mulegé (102) has no spores or pores developed. Con- 
cerning the plant Mr. Lloyd remarks, “It is anomalous, but I 
judge from context appearance that it is Polyporus patouillardi 
Rich.” 


LICHENS 


12. Buellia subalbula (Nyl.) Muell. Arg. f. dissolens Vain. 
Tortuga Island on basalt. 


13. Omphalaria lecideoides Vain. 
Tortuga Island on basalt. 


14. Physcia integrata (Nyl.) Vain. 


Tortuga Island on basalt. 


15. Physcia integrata (Nyl.) Vain. f. pallescens Vain. 
Tortuga Island on basalt. 


16. Placodium murorum (Hoffm.) DC. 


Tortuga Island on basalt. 


17. Placodium murorum (Hoffm.) DC. f. 
lobulata (Somerf.) Vain. 


Tortuga Island on basalt. 


1218 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER. 


18. Placodium murorum (Hoffm.) DC. f. vitellina Vain. 


Forming very conspicuous reddish patches on the rocks 
of Patos Island. 


19. Ramalina complanata (Sw.) Ach. 
Sheltered rocky cliffs on San Pedro Nolasco Island. 


20. Roccella montagnei Bél. 


On rocks and on the bark of Colubrina glabra on San Pedro 
Nolasco Island. 


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EXPEDITION 


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XXXAI 


EXPEDITION OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY 
OF SCIENCES TO THE GULF OF 
CALIFORNIA IN 1921? 


A NEW MOUSE (PEROMYSCUS SLEVINI) FROM 
THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA 


BY 


JOSEPH MAILLIARD 
Curator, Department of Ornithology and Mammalogy 


While there is in the United States National Museum at 
Washington, D. C., a large series of specimens of mice of the 
genus Peromyscus from the coastal regions and islands of the 
Gulf of California, that region had not been completely 
worked over when the California Academy of Sciences sent an 
expedition to the Gulf in 1921. It was planned that during 
this expedition, rodents were to be obtained, if possible, from 
every island of any size in the Gulf, but, unfortunately, on 
account of the indisposition of that member of the party who 
represented the Academy’s Department of Mammalogy, little 
work of this sort was accomplished. Among the few speci- 
mens of rodents secured, however, was a mouse which appears 
to be of a new species, taken on Santa Catalina, a small island 
two or three miles wide and eight or nine miles long, 17 miles 
northeast of Cape San Marcial. 


+A map showing all the islands, etc., visited by this Expedition will be found in 
Vol. XII, No. 6, of these Proceedings, copies of which can be supplied at nominal cost. 


July 22, 1924 


1220 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. 


As the collections at hand do not contain sufficient material 
for proper comparison, this specimen was sent to Dr. E. W. 
Nelson, Chief of the United States Biological Survey, Wash- 
ington, D. C., with a request for a diagnosis. Dr. Nelson at 
once became interested in the matter and turned over the 
specimen for critical examination to Major E. A. Goldman, 
who agreed that this mouse was specifically different from 
anything so far described. Dr. Nelson writes: “The speci- 
men, an adult male, has been examined by Major E. A. Gold- 
man, who reports that, as you had anticipated, it is unde- 
scribed. It belongs to the subgenus Haplomylomys and is 
most closely allied to Peromyscus californicus, but differs so 
decidedly that he regards it as specifically distinct. : 
While additional specimens are, of course, very desirable, the 
characters presented by the specimen you forwarded are so 
well marked that it may safely be assumed to represent a new 
SPSS, 5 8” 

Major Goldman also wrote: it seems to me one 
of the most interesting finds that have been made on any of 
the islands, as the species appears to be related to Peromyscus 
californicus, which is not known to occur anywhere south of 
the San Pedro Martir Mountains in Lower California. Collec- 
tions have been made on many of the islands and the races of 
Peromyscus found to occur were in all cases either Peromyscus 
maniculatus or Peromyscus eremicus groups.” 

The singular part of this is that the San Pedro Martir 
Mountains, the most southern habitat of Peromyscus cali- 
fornicus, as mentioned above, are nearly 250 miles north of 
Santa Catalina Island. No examples of the californicus group 
have ever been taken on the mainland of Mexico proper. 

The description of this specimen, as given below, is largely 
compiled from Major Goldman’s report, as sent to me by 
Dr. Nelson, and I take advantage of the opportunity to thank 
these two gentlemen for the assistance which they have so 
cordially given to me in this and other cases. 

On account of the interest shown in matters pertaining to 
the Department of Mammalogy, and the frequent assistance 
in the matter of collecting specimens so willingly given by Mr. 
Joseph R. Slevin, Assistant Curator of the Department of 
Herpetology, it gives me pleasure to name this new species 


ce 


Vou. XII] MAILLIARD—A NEW MOUSE (PEROMYSCUS SLEVINI) 1221 


Peromyscus slevini Mailliard, new species 
Subgenus Haplomylomys 
(Text-figures 1-3) 

Type: Adult male, skin and skull, No. 3935, Mus. Calif. 
Acad. Sci., prepared by Virgil W. Owen from an example 
brought aboard ship by a member of the party, June 12, 1921, 
from Santa Catalina Island (25° 43’ 50” N. Lat.), 17 miles N.E. 
of Punta San Marcial, Lower California. 

General characters: Most nearly related to Peromyscus 
californicus, and of similar size, but external measurements 
exceeded by large examples of californicus. 

Comparisons: Color of specimen (in worn pelage) de- 
cidedly paler than in average californicus, and largely pale 


L 3. 


Skull of type of Peromyscus slevim. Fig. 1, dorsal aspect; fig. 2, ven- 
tral aspect; fig. 3, right mandible. All natural size. 


cinnamon, darker dorsally through the admixture of fine, 
almost black hairs: below white, with less and much lighter 
touch of pale cinnamon in pectoral region; feet creamy white: 
fore legs very pale cinnamon; tail more sharply bicolor, with 
ventral side nearly white and dorsal side distinctly darker 
than any portion of dorsum; pelage shorter and ears smaller. 

Skull similar in general to that of californicus, but narrower 
and differing in detail; interparietal much less extended lat- 
erally and its anterior margin forming an angle medianly 
somewhat greater than a right angle, giving to the anterior 
half of the interparietal a decidedly rhomboidal appearance, 
this margin in californicus being either straight across the 
skull about at right angles to the longitudinal axis or slightly 
curved ; nasals reaching posteriorly well beyond posterior ends 


1222 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc, 4TH Skr. 


of premaxillz, instead of the ascending branches of the pre- 
maxillz reaching or passing beyond posterior ends of nasals; 
zygomata slightly heavier; dentition similar to that of califor- 
nicus, but the maxillary and mandibular toothrows somewhat 
longer, and the cusplet in the posterior reentrant angle of the 
second upper molar larger than usually found in the occasional 
skulls of californicus exhibiting this feature; incisive foramina 
longer in proportion to size of skull; mandible much deeper and 
heavier than in californicus skulls of equal condylo-basilar 
length, and, in fact, heavier than in any of the large series of 
californicus in the collection of the California Academy of 
Sciences. ; 

In comparison with Peromyscus californicus msignis, the 
race of southern California, slevini appearing to represent a 
larger form with a larger skull and relatively heavier rostrum, 
differing in other particulars as from californicus. 

Measurements: Skin: total length, 225 mm.; tail vertebre, 
120; hind foot, 27; ear from crown, 15; ear from notch, dry, 
16.5. Skull: greatest length, 31; basilar length, 23; zygo- 
matic width, 15.6; interorbital constriction, 4.6; interparietal, 
9.2x3.7; nasals, 11.5; shelf of bony palate, 4.8; palatine slits, 


7; diastema, 8.2; post-palatal length, 10.2; maxillary tooth- 


row, 4.9. 


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“Punuisiep sy THE Acapemy 


Sue 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF THE 
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
FourtH SERIES 


Vov. XII, Nos. 32 and 33, pp. 1223-1285, plates 89-92 OctoBEr 10, 1924 


XXXII 


REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE ACADEMY 
FOR THE YEAR 1923 


By C. E. GRUNSKY 
President of the Academy 


Complying with the requirements of the constitution of the 
California Academy of Sciences, the following report on the 
activities of the Academy during the year 1923 is submitted 
by your President. 

Our membership has been slightly increased during the 
year 1923. 


On January First, 1923, we had:— 


INAIsxl oY StS) cet ceed oy IS ecu Ges ase cI CP CPC REN AN 1030 
New Members added during the year were.............. 91 
ARG Gell sages oan) HNO pen oa aa ee IHC NS rE Hae aA 1121 
We lost:— 
IByacleatihnenn pane Matic kettcncgbaatclon te Mek St eso . 23 
IBVALESLOMALLOMcelep ual cn nye este aecne eiitian ictal oehe ets at, 31 
And dropped for delinquency in Dune payment of dues. 13 
SAY seal et cr es ay ere ae ae 67 
Membership on January First, 1924, was.................. 1054 


The membership is classified as follows: 


JRE aiRo} eS Man aio iOS Aiaiotck moet Ei ati alo oie ena ina ey Een a RE eee 13 
Honorary members .. 24 
Wifewmaema bers eer vnurentec sea rere cee ae eee be ose koh lcesioe .. 84 
EMO WS Acar critn miUsh ie one Panu neal TAP EN GA stele a ayn beep sya Uni ans 23 
Wiemibens savanna vatiere tare vai ean saens ei Ul sees aycwon eget ose Rueda val 910 

1054 


1224 


CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 


(Proc. 4tH Ser. 


The Academy carries on its list of patrons the following 


Names: 


Living 
George C. Beckley 
William B. Bourn 
William H. Crocker 
Peter F. Dunne 
Barton Warren Evermann 
Herbert Fleishhacker 
Joseph D. Grant 


Deceased 


William Alvord 
Charles Crocker 

John W. Hendrie 

Mrs. Charlotte Hosmer 


A. Kingsley Macomber 
John W. Mailliard 
Joseph Mailliard 

M. Hall McAllister 
Ogden Mills 

William C. Van Antwerp 


James Lick 

Alexander F. Morrison 
Amariah Pierce 

Ignatz Steinhart 


Those who were called by death during 1923 are as 
follows: 


Boardman, Samuel H............. Miemberrck aatcen rie July 14, 1923 
iBothinwhennyy beer eerie nee Membertnricn cance cnn: October 14, 1923 
BTittonss) Ohne AC eet erent Members ascuisees or ee June 29, 1923 
CarolanwEranciseseeneeeeee ener Miemibenaememrnr ert November 11, 1923 
Drum ehrania Caan eee Member ysiic.5 20 a0 aye August 28, 1923 
Goodale, Prof. George L........... Hlonorany anne ee ee April 11, 1923 
GresomWiellingtonkeenee sneer Members ieee January 7, 1923 
Halpin Georse Henne eee ee Members tse cannot at April 1, 1923 
Hawxhurst, Robert............... Dife rated owsac ae January 9, 1923 
irsch wall phonsene eee eee ee Memb eran anes September 6, 1923 
eter cH Glen eae ane aU eee IMeniberseennennre November 10, 1923 
lakitedaesy, ISG, GS oasenonaedcoace Miemiben-asnme- oceans January 10, 1923 
Jienningseehhomasmee eee Member. ence eee March 30, 1923 
ettsaAcnthur. ia eae ras eine Member 20 acs net die etn age May 18, 1923 
MooresGeorgerAtannene nee eer IMIGMIDE 495 5000scK00. August 26, 1923 
Mic Conmick win © reer e serene Member............. November 1, 1923 
Pages Arthurse re anactee enone: IMIGONE Es 5o5500c0cchoGe August 18, 1923 
Perkins, George C................ LOST t eve Wp nies Osea RN ere February 26, 1923 
Rosenberg, Adolph.............= Miembercit aio ait ease March 26, 1923 
Swolll, Dir OWiOogcnscscoscovcdcaoa Honrary rae secant cee Oe 
MhorntonwArsWHee see ete eke Membersciiaiietanencvse March 16, 1923 
Vogdes, General A. W............. Toth e se see aie enw February 9, 1923 
Wheeler, Charles Stetson.......... Miemibenserdanns seinen April 27, 1923 


The Academy has published during 1923 the following 
papers: 


FouRTH SERIES OF THE PROCEEDINGS 

Vol. XI, No. 22, pp. 655-662—REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE ACADEMY 
FOR THE YEAR 1922, by C. E. Grunsky. 

Vol XI, No. 23, pp. 663-700—REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE MUSEUM 
FOR THE YEAR 1922, by Barton Warren Evermann. 

Vol XII, No. 1, pp. 1-26—FiELD Work AMONG THE BirDS AND MAMMALS 
OF THE NORTHERN COAST OF CALIFORNIA IN 1921, by Joseph Mailliard. 

Vol XII, No. 2, pp. 27-29—NeEw SpEcIES OF HyNOBIUS FROM JAPAN, by 
E. R. Dunn. 


Vor. XII] GRUNSKY—PRESIDENT’S REPORT FOR 1923 1225 


Vol. XII, No. 3, pp. 31-41—Uprer MiocENE LACUSTRINE MOLLUSKS FROM 
Sonoma County, Carrornis, by G. Dallas Hanna. 

Vol. XII, No. 4, pp. 43-50—NotTEs oN SoME LAND SNAILS OF THE SIERRA 
NEVADA MOUNTAINS, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEw SPECIES, by G- 
Dallas Hanna and Emmet Rixford. 

Vol. XII, No. 5, pp. 51-53—-A NEw SPECIES OF CARYCHIUM FROM VANCOUVER 
IsLAND, BritTisH CoLumBIA, by G. Dallas Hanna. 


Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Gulf of California 
in 1921: 

Vol. XII, No. 6, pp. 55-72—GENERAL Account, by Joseph R. Slevin. 

Vol. XII, No. 7, pp. 73-103—THE BEEs (1), by T. D. A. Cockerell. 

Vol. XII, No. 8, pp. 105-112—NeEw DoticHopopipz (Long-legged Flies) 
by M. C. Van Duzee. 

Vol. XII, No. 9, pp. 113-115—THE GromeTRIp Morus, by W. S. Wright. 

Vol. XII, No. 10, pp. 117-122—TuHE TineEm Morus, by Annette F. Braun. 

Vol. XII, No. 11, pp. 123-200—THr Hemiptera (True Bugs, etc.), by Edward 
P. Van Duzee. 

Vol. XII, No. 12, pp. 201-288—THE TENEBRIOND2, by Frank Ellsworth 
Blaisdell, Sr. 

Vol. XII, No. 13, pp. 289-314—TuHE BomByLiibz (Bee Flies), by Frank R. 
Cole. 

Vol. XII, No. 14, pp. 315-318—Some CoccID# FROM ABOUT THE GULF OF 
CaLiForniA, by G. F. Ferris and J. B. Kelly. 

Vol. XII, No. 15, pp. 319-340—TuHr DERMAPTERA AND ORTHOPTERA, by 
Morgan Hebard. 


Vol. XII, No. 16, pp. 341-351—A REVISION OF THE GENUS ANISEMBIA, WITH 
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES FROM THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA, by 
Joseph C. Chamberlin. 

Vol. XII, No. 17, pp. 353-387—-NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN PSEUDOSCORPIONS, 
PRINCIPALLY FROM THE ISLAND AND ADJACENT SHORES OF THE GULF OF 
CALIFORNIA, by Joseph C. Chamberlin. 

Vol. XII, No. 18, pp. 389-407—On CuiLopops AND DIPLODODS FROM ISLANDS 
IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA, by Ralph V. Chamberlin. 

Vol. XII, No. 19, pp. 409-421—Tur MELYRIDz (Lesser Flower Beetles), by 
Frank E. Blaisdell, Sr. 

Vol. XII, No. 20, pp. 423-424—Noctuipz (Moths). A NEw SUBSPECIES OF 
Escaria clauda Grote by Wm. Barnes and F. H. Benjamin. 

Vol. XII, No. 21, pp. 425-428—AnyTHOMYIDz AND LONCHZID# (Kelp Flies 
and their Allies), by J. R. Malloch. 

Vol. XII, No. 22, pp. 429-436—TuE Brempsicini (Digger Wasps), by Charles 
L. Fox. 

Vol. XII, No. 23, pp. 437-442—OBSERVATIONS ON SURFACE DISTRIBUTION 
oF MARINE DratoMs oF LOWER CALIFORNIA IN 1921, by W. E. Allen. 

Vol. XII, No. 24, pp. 443-456—TuHE Brirps, by Joseph Mailliard. 

Vol. XII, No. 25, pp. 457-481—DipTERA FROM THE ISLANDS AND ADJACENT 
SHORES OF THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA, by Frank R. Cole. 

Vol. XII, No. 26, pp. 483-527—-LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLusks, by G. 
Dallas Hanna. 


Vol. XIII, No. 1, pp. 1-2—PRELIMINARY DIAGNOSES OF FouR NEW SNAKES 
FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA, MEXICO, by John Van Denburgh and Joseph 
R. Slevin. 


1226 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER, 


Vol. XIII, No. 2, pp. 3-4—A New SusBspEcIES OF WATERSNAKE (Natrix 
vibakert ruthvent), FROM EASTERN Asia, by John Van Denburgh. 


Vol. XIII, No. 3, pp. 7-28—FurTHER NOTES ON THE BIRDS AND MAMMALS 
OF SISKIYOU COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, by Joseph Mailliard. 


Vol. XIII, No. 4, pp. 29-41—Fat_ Firetp Work IN PLuMAS AND YUBA 
COUNTIES, CALIFORNIA IN 1922, by Joseph Mailliard. 


Vol. XIII, No. 5, pp. 43-109 —OBSERVATIONS UPON THE BirD LIFE OF DEATH 
VALLEY, by Joseph Grinnell. 


Vol. XIII, No. 6, pp. 111-130—NotTEs oN THE HEPATIC# OF CALIFORNIA, 
by Alexander W. Evans. 


During the year 1923 11 free lectures were delivered at the 
stated meetings of the Academy, as follows: 


JANUARY 3. The Public Shooting Ground—Game Refuge Bill; and An 
International Treaty for the Conservation of the Fish- 
eries of the Pacific; by Dr. Barton Warren Evermann, 
Director, California Academy of Sciences; Dr. Joseph 
Grinnell, Director Museum of Vertebrate Zoology; Mr 
M. Hall McAllister, Treasurer, California Academy of 
Sciences; Dr. H. C. Bryant, in charge, Education, Pub- 
licity, and Research, California Fish and Game Com- 
mission; Mr. C. B. Lastreto, San Francisco, California; 
Mr. Joseph Mailliard, Curator of the Department of 
Ornithology and Mammalogy, and others. 


Marcu 7. The Habits and Characteristics of the California Mountain 
Lion and Methods of Hunting It. Illustrated, by Mr. 
Jay C. Bruce, Official Mountain Lion Hunter, Cali- 
fornia Fish and Game Commission. 


Aprit 4. Life and Habits of the Golden Eagle in California, by Mr. 
W. P. Steinbeck, Stockton, California. 
May 2. Hawaiian Trails and Mountains. — Illustrated, by Dr. 


Vaughan MacCaughey, Superintendent of Public In- 
struction, Territory of Hawaii. 


JUNE 6. Hunting in Africa with Camera and Gun. Illustrated, by 
Mr. R. C. Baird, the Bank of California, San Francisco. 
Juty 5. A Naturalist’s Visit to San Francisco Mountain, Arizona, 


by Mr. Harry S. Swarth, Curator of Birds, Museum of 
Vertebrate Zoology, University of California. 


Aueust 1. The Procession of Flowers on Mount Tamalpais, by Miss 
Alice Eastwood, Curator, Department of Botany, Cali- 
fornia Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 


SEPTEMBER 5. Guadalupe Island Elephant Seals. Illustrated, by Dr. G. 
Dallas Hanna, Curator, Department of Invertebrate 
Paleontology, California Academy.of Sciences, San 
Francisco. 


OcTOBER 3. Trails and Camps in Lower California. Illustrated, by Dr. 
John Van Denburgh, San Francisco. 


NovEMBER 7. Geography and the Making of Species, by Dr. Joseph Grin- 
nell, Director, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley, 
California. 


DECEMBER 5. The Shore Birds of the San Francisco Bay Region. Illus- 
trated, by Mrs. G. Earle Kelly, Alameda, California. 


Vot. XIT] 


GRUNSKY—PRESIDENT’S REPORT FOR 1923 1227 


The Sunday afternoon lectures delivered in the Museum 
. building during 1923 included the following: 


= 


JANUARY 7. 


JANUARY 14. 


JANUARY 21. 


JANUARY 28. 


FEBRUARY 4. 


FEBRUARY 11. 


FEBRUARY 18. 


FEBRUARY 25. 


Marca 4. 


Marca 11. 


Marcs# 18. 


Marca 25. 


Aprit 1. 


Apri 8. 


Aprit 15. 


Aprit 22. 


ApriL 29, 


How Animals Eat; A Chalk Talk for the Children. Illus- 
trated, by Dr. J. S. Kingsley, Berkeley, California. 


China Old and New. [Illustrated with stereopticon slides 
and moving pictures, by Dr. C. K. Edmunds, President, 
Canton Christian College, Canton, China. 


Palestine: Its Geology and Geography. Illustrated, by 
Prof. Earle G. Linsley, Professor of Geography and 
Geology, Mills College. 


Changing Changeless Palestine:—Economic and Political 
Conditions. Illustrated, by Prof. Earle G. Linsley, Pro- 
fessor of Geography and Geology, Mills College. 


A Naturalist’s Rambles in Sothwestern Deserts. Illustrated, 
by Dr. F. B. Sumner, Associate Professor of Biology, 
Scripps Institution for Biological Research, La Jolla, 
California. 

Giant Forest and the High Sierras. Illustrated, by Mr. Guy 
Hopping, Chief Ranger, Sequoia and General Grant 
National Parks. 


Some Facts about the Mountain Lion and the Coyote. Il- 
lustrated, by Mr. Joseph Dixon, Economic Mammalo- 
gist, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley. 


San Francisco, a World City. Illustrated with motion pic- 
tures, by Mr. Robert Newton Lynch, Vice-President 
and General Manager, San Francisco Chamber of Com- 
merce. 


The Monroe Doctrine: What it is not, and What it is, by 
Bie, Bdwaed Berwick, Publicist, Pacific Grove, Cali- 
ornia. 


America as seen by the first Japanese Embassy, by Mr. T. 
Komatsu, Manager, Toyo Kisen Kaisha for America. 


History and Political Life of Chile. Illustrated, by Hon- 
Marcos G. Huidobro, Consul for Chile. 


Art, Literature, and Intellectual Development in Chile. Il- 
lustrated, by Hon. Marcos G. Huidobro, Consul for 
Chile. 

Weather Forecasting for the Pacific States. Illustrated, by 
Mr. E. A. Beals, Meteorologist, United States Weather 
Bureau, San Francisco. 

Our Solar System and What we Know of Its Origin. Illus- 
trated, by Dr. Robert G. Aitken, Astronomer, Lick 
Observatory. 

California’s Mountain Play Grounds. Illustrated, by Mr. 
Paul G. Redington, District Forester, United States 
Forest Service, San Francisco. 

Experiments with Species Hybrids and Their Bearing on 
Evolution. Illustrated, by Prof. E. B. Babcock, Pro- 
fessor of Genetics, University of California. 

California's Wild Life in Motion Pictures. Illustrated, by 
Dr. H. C. Bryant, in charge, Education, Publicity and 
Research, California Fish and Game Commission. 


1228 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH Ser. 

May 6. Algeria. Illustrated, by Mr. I. H. Morse, San Francisco. 

May 13. Hay Fever and Asthma in Relation to Plant Pollen. Illus- 
trated, by Dr. Harvey M. Hall, Carnegie Institution of 
Washington. 

May 20. Malaria and the Mosquito. Illustrated with moving pic- 


tures, by Prof. W. B. Herms, Professor of Parasitology, 
University of California. 


May 27. Monkeys and Men. Illustrated, by Dr. James G. Needham, 
Professor of Entomology and Limnology, Cornell Uni- 
versity. 


NovEMBER 4. The Manchurian Plague Epidemic of 1921. Illustrated, by 
Dr. Ivan C. Hall, Associate Professor of Bacteriology, 
University of California. 


NOVEMBER 11. The Introduction of Foreign Birds and Mammals into the 
United States, by Dr. Joseph Grinnell, Director, Mu- 
seum of Vertebrate Zoology. 


NovEMBER 18. The Bacillus of Long Life, a Discussion of the Sour Milk 
Therapy. Illustrated, by Dr. Ivan C. Hall, Associate 
Professor of Bacteriology, University of California. 


NovEMBER 25. Bird-life as a Community Asset, by Dr. Joseph Grinnell, 
Director, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. 


DECEMBER 2. Missionary Work in New Guinea. Illustrated, by Rev. 
Charles W. Abel, Director of the New Guinea Evangeli- 
zation Society. 


DECEMBER 9. Saving the Redwoods,—a Priceless Heritage. Illustrated, 
by Hon. Joseph D. Grant, Vice-President, Save the Red- 
woods League. 


DECEMBER 16. The Shore Birds of the San Francisco Bay Region. Illus- 
trated, by Mrs. G. Earle Kelly, Alameda, California. 


DECEMBER 23. The Trees and Shrubs of Marin County, by Miss Alice East- 
wood, Curator of Botany, California Academy of 
Sciences, San Francisco. 


An analysis of the Treasurer’s records will show that, 
apart from the operation of the Aquarium, the Academy has 
expended during the year on the operation and maintenance 
of its museum and the activities of its curators and their as- 
sistants the sum of $53,882.67. The mortgage debt of the 
Academy has been reduced during the year by another 
$10,000. It is now $260,000. Interest on this mortgage was 
paid to the amount of $15,730.52. 

The John W. Hendrie Endowment of $10,000 invested in 
60 shares of the Mercantile Trust Company has yielded an 
income of $900 during the calendar year 1923. This will be 
expended as hitherto in the publication of scientific papers. 

The operation and maintenance of the aquarium was esti- 
mated to require $40,260 for the fiscal year 1923-24. The 


Vor. XII] GRUNSKY—PRESIDENT’S REPORT FOR 1923 1229 


expenditures to February first of this year, since July first, 
indicate that this estimate was substantially correct. ; 

A detailed statement of the Ignatz Steinhart Trust to 
December 31, 1923, accompanies the Treasurer’s Report. 

It is notable that the bequest of $250,000 from the Ignatz 
Steinhart Trust was increased by interest on temporary in- 
vestments nearly 20 per cent, providing a total of $304,757.46 
for the erection and equipment of the Steinhart Aquarium. Of 
this amount $22,332.26 remains unexpended, and will be 
utilized as exigencies demand in perfecting the equipment. 

On July 1, 1923, building operations on the Steinhart 
Aquarium were practically completed and operation by the 
Academy with funds provided by the City and County of San 
Francisco commenced at that time. On September 29, 1923, 
the Aquarium was formally dedicated and opened to the 
public with appropriate ceremonies. From the date of the 
opening to the end of the year 548,137 people have visited 
the Aquarium, a record probably not exceeded, if equalled, by 
any similar institution in the world. 

A wonderful display of aquatic life is here presented which 
wins enthusiastic appreciation from all visitors. It will prove 
of incalculable benefit to the City of San Francisco and stands 
as a monument to the public spirit of Ignatz Steinhart. 


Taylor Collection of Reptiles and Amphibians 


The acquisition of this valuable collection of reptiles and 
amphibians from the Philippine Islands was completed during 
the past year. It was made possible by the following dona- 
tions: 

Wallizimeltes Crackers aie toy aie eaae ae ch aide ctaeeredsaepe l= $4,500.00 
ierbertrbleishhacken wnt yrrtce rence sis oe eieysjete siesta 500.00 

The problem of supplying glass containers for this collec- 
tion was generously met by donations from the following 
members of the Academy : 


Wialliamibsilernimisn omic ih hernias adie eta ana . $100.00 
CIOS Ga Millerseee ser . 100.00 
Selah Chamberlain..... . 100.00 
Louis F. Monteagle : . 50.00 
George Uhlig) Piao a .. 20.00 


$370.00 


1230 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


Cross Sections of Sequoias 


Through the generosity of Trustee Joseph D. Grant, who 
defrayed the entire cost of transportation and installation, 
one cross section each of the Sequoia gigantea and Sequoia 
sempervirens were presented to the Museum. These are ap- 
propriately installed in a manner to display the annual ring- 
growth with chronological data exhibiting contemporary 
events during the life of the trees. The age of one is 1710 
years. 


A Natural History of the Ducks 


The Academy now possesses a copy of the valuable mono- 
graph on the “Natural History of the Ducks of the 
World,” by Dr. John C. Phillips, thanks to the generosity of 
Dr. Emmet Rixford, Dr. Arthur H. Taylor, Mr. H. B. 
Blatchley, Mr. José Costa, Mr. Thomas Palache, and Mr. J. B. 
McCauley, who contributed $200 for its purchase. This work 
is in four volumes, two of which have been received. A 
limited edition, profusely illustrated, is being issued to sub- 
scribers only. 


Mary E. Hart Bequest 


On February 2, 1923, a bequest of $100 was received from 
the Mary E. Hart Estate in lieu of certain collections of 
Indian baskets mentioned in her will but which could not be 
located. 

The Academy is sincerely appreciative of such donations 
and contributions which make possible the extension of its 
activities. In this connection it should be noted that the 
Academy is assisting in the matter of the preservation of wild 
life. It is acting as the agent for the disbursement of certain 
funds entrusted to it for this purpose. 

Details of the work done during the year will appear from 
the reports of the Director of the Museum and the curators 
of the Academy’s various departments. The work in all of 
these has been advanced with commendable energy. 

That the Academy’s work is appreciated and recognized 
in wide circles will appear from the following comment by 


> 


Vor. XII] GRUNSKY—PRESIDENT’S REPORT FOR 1923 1231 


Dr. Charles D. Walcott, Secretary of the Smithsonian Insti- 
tution. He says under date of December 22, 1923, with spe- 
cial reference to the expedition which the Academy sent to 
the Gulf of California in 1921, “I wish to congratulate...... 
all concerned on the fine research work that the Academy is 
doing, and upon the manner in which the results of the vari- 
ous scientific activities are being published. I also wish to 
congratulate you on the progress of the Aquarium, and the 
public spirit shown by the people of California in sustaining 
the work of the Academy.” 


1232 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER, 


XXXIII 


REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE MUSEUM 
FOR THE YEAR 1923 


By BARTON WARREN EVERMANN 
Director of the Museum 


The annual report of the Director for the year 1922 was 
presented to the Academy at the annual meeting, February 
21, 1923. During the past year the activities of the Museum 
have continued in a satisfactory way and very considerable 
additions and improvements have been made; these will be 
fully presented in their respective appropriate places. 


PERSONNEL 


The personnel of the Museum has undergone only slight 
change in the year, the employes of the Academy at this date 
being as follows: Dr. Barton Warren Evermann, Director and 
Executive Curator of the Museum, Editor of the Academy pub- 
lications, and Director of the Steinhart Aquarium; W. W. Sar- 
geant, Secretary to the Board of Trustees ; Miss Susie M. Peers, 
Secretary to the Director ; Joseph W. Hobson, Recording Secre- 
tary; Miss Alice Eastwood, Curator, and Mrs. Kate E. Phelps, 
assistant, Department of Botany; Edward P. Van Duzee, Cu- 
rator, Dr. F. R. Cole, Curator in Dipterology, and J. O. 
Martin, assistant, Department of Entomology; Dr. John Van 
Denburgh, Curator, and Joseph R. Slevin, assistant curator, 
Department of Herpetology; Dr. G. Dallas Hanna, Curator, 
Dr. Roy E. Dickerson and F. M. Anderson, honorary cura- 
tors, Merle Israelsky, assistant curator, and William Barbat, 
temporary assistant, Department of Invertebrate Paleon- 
tology; Joseph Mailliard, Curator, and Miss Mary E. Mc- 
Lellan, assistant curator, Department of Ornithology and 
Mammalogy; Dr. Walter K. Fisher, Curator, Department of 
Invertebrate Zoology; Frank Tose, Chief taxidermist, Chand- 
ler Smith, Russell Hendricks, Douglas Kelly and Cecil Tose, 
student assistants, Department of Taxidermy; Edward P. Van 
Duzee, assistant librarian, Mrs. Helen Van Duzee, library as- 
sistant, and Dean Burk, temporary library assistant; Wm. C. 


Vot. XII] EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1923 1233 


Lewis, janitor; George W. Edwards, assistant janitor; Frank 
\W. Yale, assistant janitor; Raymond L. Smith, doorkeeper 
and general assistant; J. H. Kavanaugh, day watch; Archie 
McCarte, night watch; Mrs. Johanna E. Wilkens, janitress. 


ACCESSIONS TO THE MUSEUM AND LIBRARY 


As in the past, the accessions to the museum and the library 
have been many and valuable. A few of the more notable 
are mentioned in the President’s report and a detailed list will 
be found in the appendix to this report (pp. 1269-1278). 


CO-OPERATION WITH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS 


Co-operation with the schools in their educational work has 
been more close and effective than in any previous year. Ap- 
preciation of the educational value of visits to the Museum 
for the purpose of studying the habitat groups and other col- 
lections seems to be growing among the teachers and school 
officials and schools are visiting the Museum in increasing 
numbers. Within the year our taxidermists have completed 
eleven portable habitat groups designed as loan exhibits for 
use in the public schools. The groups are as follows: Western 
Meadow Lark, Western Robin, California Woodpecker, San 
Francisco Towhee, Barn Owl, Least Sandpiper, Kulldeer, 
Western Savannah Sparrow, California Ground Squirrel, 
Redwood Weasel, Sierra Chickaree, Sierra Golden-mantled 
Ground Squirrel and Spiny Pocket Mouse. ‘These are now 
being circulated in the Berkeley and San Francisco public 
schools, under the immediate supervision of Mrs. Anna V. 
Dorris, Director of Visual Instruction in the Berkeley Public 
Schools. 

Other exhibits of this character will be prepared as time 
and materials permit. It is to be regretted that we have not 
two or three expert preparators who can devote all their time 
to the preparation of exhibits suitable for loan to the schools. 

The Director and various members of the staff have been 
called upon to lecture before various schools, clubs and else- 
where in the interest of public education. The requests that 
come to the Director for lectures have been more numerous 
than he could accept. 


1234 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER, 


The number of teachers and students who come to the 
Museum to examine and study specimens in our research col- 
lections is increasing and the number of pupils that come as 
schools with their teachers to study the habitat groups and 
other exhibits is also increasing, the numbers for the year 1923 
being as follows: 


Schools of San Francisco: 


Number of iclasses ioc ase Se ieanctal see tar inn yaie SiR CR ae 185 

Number of teachers cis Gicue act neohome nce mecca tee sein 167 

Number of pupils (2003) chert ieto sn el ear omit eee ratiees 5225 
Schools Outside of San Francisco: 

Number of classes'is.2.ios.,cisies are eaees ac tena aio haces tee roe eee 52 

Number ofiteachers i/o. y.052)2 0) seracontmesaiene eu aver werenen oy mT 1 

INfthaal oer Ot DISA sc ob bono ongecnsonDNodmAbuddegp uot enor eS 1095 
Grand Totals: 

Rotalinumberxyotelasseswian eee eee ee erie 237 

Motalinumbentonteacherseye seer erL err eee ote nree 218 

Motalkammbenotpupilse cmon erie eerie cece 6320 


VISITORS TO THE MUSEUM 


The Museum has been open to the public every day in the 
year. The popularity of the Museum seems unabated. The 
recognition of the educational value of the exhibits seems more 
pronounced than ever before. The total number of visitors 
during the past year was 498,775. The number by months 
and years since the opening, September 22, 1916, is shown in 
the following table: 


Month— 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 
ania nyenne eerie 23170 25260 17241 27013 25755 19038 15270 
Bebruarye mre 22058 23698 17586 23450 25679 18534 20529 
March seeemnntir ici 31606 26810 27397 25419 28279 27922 26341 
Atpril ae cer eter 32175 23274 25994 32208 24939 36057 21911 
Ma vienwctertnier-euteters 26154 26391 28369 37107 25517 27237 37597 
AEKNOS « Sao canddodsos 32123 29843 32248 36207 29406 27131 39511 
ANIM as odd doadnnsoods 37193 31420 48028 52492 43186 36263 64530 
AU CUSE eee rae 24619 31137 43730 53470 = 39422 34787 50849 
September..... 16448 27866 29847 34007 42013 31458 28408 69870 
October........ 36933 20629 14743 30463 33500 24861 19459 66894 
November. .... 27718 21810 8531 25246 19347 18593 19080 48766 
December...... 15002 21693 19588 21188 21340 15062 13339 36707 

eLotallerremttr 96101 321096 290542 351497 403566 332157 307255 498775 


DEPARTMENT ACTIVITIES 


The same spirit of enthusiasm, industry, loyalty, and hearty 
cooperation which has always characterized the members of 


Vor. XII] EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1923 1235 


the staff continues undiminished. It is this splendid charac- 
teristic that has enabled the Museum to accomplish so much 
with its limited resources, and I wish to take this opportunity 
to express my appreciation. 

The activities of the various departments will be set forth 
fully in the reports of the respective curators; only brief men- 
tion of some of them need be made here. 

Miss Eastwood, curator of botany, spent a few days in 
early September in northern Lower California, where she ob- 
tained a considerable collection of herbarium specimens. Brief 
trips made by the curator to various California localities re- 
sulted in small but valuable collections. 

Mr. Van Duzee, curator of entomology, made short collect- 
ing trips to the Potholes and Yuma, to the San Bernardino 
Mountains, to San Diego County and the northern portion of 
Lower California, and the vicinity of Mt. Diablo and Pittsburg. 

Dr. Van Denburgh and Mr. Slevin of the department of 
herpetology, as guests of the Mexican Government, made an 
extended collecting trip into the San Pedro Martir Mountains, 
in northern Lower California, where they obtained many 
valuable specimens. They also spent some time collecting in 
San Diego, Imperial, Orange, Riverside and Los Angeles 
counties, in southern California, and on Todos Santos Islands, 
Lower California. 

The growth of the Library has been slower than it should 
have been. Larger appropriations are required for the pur- 
chase of books that are seriously needed in the work of the 
various departments and for binding books and pamphlets 
that should be bound in order to prevent injury. 

Mr. Mailliard of the departments of mammalogy and orni- 
thology, assisted by Mr. Frank Tose, chief taxidermist, spent 
one week in April at the Potholes, where good collections of 
birds and the smaller mammals, including material for several 
habitat groups, were obtained. In April to June field work 
was carried on by Mr. Mailliard in Shasta, Lassen, and Modoc 
counties, followed by work in Butte and Lassen counties and 
in Marin County. 

Dr. Hanna, curator of invertebrate paleontology, made 
several short trips to various parts of the State which resulted 
in the addition of valuable collections to that department. 


1236 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser, 


MEETING OF THE PaciFic DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN 
ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE 
AND ITS AFFILIATED SOCIETIES 


The 1923 meeting was held at Los Angeles September 
17-20, in the buildings of the University of Southern Cali- 
fornia, in conjunction with the Summer Session of the 
American Association for the Advancement of Science. The 
meeting proved to be one of the most successful and interest- 
ing the Division has ever had. The meetings of the various 
affiliated societies were of unusual interest, particularly those 
of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, due in large part 
to the large number of astronomers who had come to southern 
California on account of the eclipse of September 10. 

The Academy was well represented in the attendance and 
on the various programs. Professor E. P. Lewis delivered the 
Presidential address on the evening of September 17, his sub- 
ject being “The Contributions of Astronomy to Civilization.” 
Vice-President C. E. Grunsky presided at most of the general 
sessions. Among the members of the Academy who were in at- 
tendance and many of whom were on the program were the fol- 
lowing: Clinton G. Abbott, Le Roy Abrams, Robert G. Aitken, 
W. E. Allen, F. M. Anderson, Alfred W. Anthony, Ralph 
Arnold, Edward A. Beals, A. J. Basinger, S. Stillman Berry, 
Charles Lewis Camp, Douglas H. Campbell, Bruce L. Clark, 
F. C. Clark, John N. Cobb, Frank R. Cole, Alfred Cookman, 
John Adams Comstock, Donald R. Dickey, E. T. Dumble, 
W. F. Durand, Alice Eastwood, E. O. Essig, Barton Warren 
Evermann, Joseph Grinnell, C. E. Grunsky, G. Dallas Hanna, 
W. B. Herms, A. Brasier Howell, Merle C. Israelsky, Edmund 
C. Jaeger, David Starr Jordan, J. S. Kingsley, C. B. Lastreto, 
Eugene Law, A. O. Leuschner, E. P. Lewis, Chas. B. 
Lipman, D. T. MacDougal, E. G. Martin, Isabel McCracken, 
George F. McEwen, John C. Merriam, Elmer G. Osterhoudt, 
G. P. Rixford, Mrs. Dorothea K. Roberts, W. W. Sargeant, 
N. B. Scofield, Alvin Seale, Chester Stock, C. S. Stoltenberg, 
James Rollin Slonaker, F. B. Sumner, Walter Penn Taylor, 
Will F. Thompson, Sidney Dean Townley, Edward P. Van 
Duzee, A. G. Vestal, Alfred O. Woodford, and W. S. Wright. 


Vor. XII) EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1923 1237 


UsE oF THE ACADEMY’S LIBRARY AND COLLECTIONS 
BY INVESTIGATORS AND STUDENTS 


During the year the number of investigators, students and 
teachers who have made use of the library, study collections 
and laboratories was larger than ever before. 

From time to time young men interested in natural history 
have expressed the wish that the Academy might offer instruc- 
tion in methods of collecting and in taxidermy. In order to 
meet this demand our chief taxidermist arranged to receive 
as student assistants members of the Academy or members 
of their families who desire instruction along those lines. 
Among those who have availed themselves of this opportunity 
to learn the principles and methods of natural history collect- 
ing and taxidermy are the following: C. P. Russell, Chandler 
Smith, Russell Hendricks, Douglas Kelly, and Cecil Tose. 

The Boy Scouts, under Scout Master Harold E. Hansen, 
continue to hold their regular weekly meetings in the 
Academy’s Auditorium. 


PUBLICATIONS BY THE MusEUM STAFF 


The curators and others connected with the Museum staff 
have been active in contributing to the literature of their 
respective subjects. The list of their contributions for 1923 
is as follows: 


Evermann, Barton Warren 

1. Conservation of the Marine Life of the Pacific. <Mid-Pacific Maga- 
zine, Vol. XXV, No. 4, pp. 303-328, April, 1923. 

2. The Steinhart Aquarium. <The Oakland Tribune, April, 1923, 

3. Red Snappers and That Sort of Thing. <Outdoor Life, Vol. LI, No. 
5, pp. 333-336, May, 1923. 

4. The Pelicans of Pyramid Lake. <Overland Monthly, Vol. LX XXI, 
No. 1, pp. 16-18 and 45, May, 1923. 

5. The Conservation of the Marine Life of the Pacific. <Scientific 
Monthly, Vol. XVI, No. 5, pp. 521-538, May, 1923. 

6. The Fishery Resources of the Pacific. <The Catalina Islander, Vol. 
X, No. 16, pp. 1-2, May 2, 1923; continued in Vol. X, No. 17, May 9, 
pp. 1-2 and 10; No. 18, May 16, pp. 1-2; No. 19, May 23, pp. 2, 4, 5, 8. 

7. The Marine Life of the Pacific. <Trans. Commonwealth Club of 
California, Vol. XVIII, No. 3, pp. 105-119, May, 1923. 

8. Notes on Fishes from Apia, Samoa. <Copeia, No. 119, pp. 70-71, 
June 16, 1923 (with Alvin Seale). 


1238 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER, 


9. Notes on Fishes from Guadalcanar, Solomon Islands. <Copeia, No. 
120, pp. 77-78, July 20, 1923 (with Alvin Seale). 

10. The Seals and Otters of the Pacific. <Fur Trade Review, August, 
1923, pp. 94-100. 

11. Report of the Director of the Museum for the year 1922. <Proc. 
Calif. Acad. of Sci., 4th Ser., Vol. XI, No. 23, pp. 663-700, August 22, 
1923. 

12. The Steinhart Aquarium and its Hawaiian Fishes. <Aloha, Vol. 4, 
No. 7, pp. 3-5, September, 1923. 

13. The Pacific Fisheries as Contributors to the Wealth of the Nation. 
<San Francisco Business, Vol. 7, No. 11, pp. 8-9, September 14, 1923. 

14. Dr. Richard Gause Boone. <The Sierra Educational News, Vol. XIX, 
No. 8, pp. 469-470, October, 1923. 

15. The Steinhart Aquarium. <California Fish and Game, Vol. 9, No. 3, 
pp. 106-108, July, 1923. 

16. The Steinhart Aquarium opened at San Francisco. <California Fish 
and Game, Vol. X, No. 44, pp. 1-2, November 14, 1923. 


Slevin, Joseph R. 
1. Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Gulf of Cali- 
fornia in 1921. General Account. <Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., 
Vol. XII, No. 6, pp. 55-72, map, June 2, 1923. 


Van Denburgh, John 
1. A New Subspecies of Watersnake (Natrix vibakari ruthvent) from 
Eastern Asia. <Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., Vol. XIII, No. 2, 
pp. 3-4, July 26, 1923. 


Van Denburgh, John, and Slevin, Joseph R. 
1. Preliminary Diagnoses of four New Snakes from Lower California, 
Mexico. <Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., Vol. XIII, No. 1, pp. 1-2, 
July 25, 1923. 


Mailliard, Joseph 

1. Field Work Among the Birds and Mammals of the Northwest Coast 
of California in 1921. <Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., Vol. XII, 
No. 1, pp. 1-26, January 2, 1923. 

2. The Tree Swallow Added to the Pribilof List. <Condor, Vol. XXV, 
No. 1, p. 31, January 17, 1923. 

3. Census of Birds’ Nests in the Music Concourse, Golden Gate Park, 
San Francisco, Calif. <Gull, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 2-3, March, 1923. 

4. An Explanation of a Seeming Discrepancy. <Condor, Vol. XXV, No. 
3, p. 108, May 19, 1923. 

5. How is This for Conservation of Wild Life? <Condor, Vol. XXV, 
No. 4, pp. 125-126, July 28, 1923. 

6. Early Nesting of Nuttall Sparrow in Golden Gate Park. <Condor, 
Vol. XXV, No. 4, p. 133, July 28, 1923. 

7. Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Gulf of Cali- 


fornia in 1921. The Birds. <Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., Vol. 


XII, No. 24, pp. 443-456, August 21, 1923. 


SS ee 


Vot. XII] EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1923 1239 


10. 


11. 


12. 


Report of the Department of Exhibits, California Academy of Sciences, 
for 1922. <Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., Vol. XI, Nos. 22-23, pp.” 
678-679, August 22, 1923 (in Report of Director for 1922). 

Report of the Department of Mammalogy, California Academy of 
Sciences, for 1922. <Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., Vol. XI, No. 
23, pp. 682-683, August 22, 1923 (in Report of Director for 1922). 
Report of the Department of Ornithology, California Academy of 
Sciences, for 1922. <Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., Vol. XI, No. 
23, pp. 683-684, August 22, 1923 (in Report of Director for 1922). 
Further Notes on the Birds and Mammals of Siskiyou County, Cali- 
fornia. <Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., Vol. XIII, No. 3, pp. 7-28, 
September 13, 1923. 

Fall Field Work in Plumas and Yuba Counties, California, in 1922. 
<Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., Vol. XIII, No. 4, pp. 29-41, October 
15, 1923. 


Van Duzee, Edward P. 


1, 


2. 


Hanna, 


An Entomological Antique. <Science, New Series, Vol. LVII, p. 269, 
March 2, 1923. 

Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Gulf of Cali- 
fornia in 1921. The Hemiptera. <Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Series, 
Vol. XII, No. 11, pp. 123-200, June 7, 1923. 


. Hemiptera or Sucking Insects of Connecticut. Family Fulgoride. 


<Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv., Bul. No. 34, pp. 24-55, 
July, 1923. 

Notes on Lygeus kalmii Stal and Allies (Hemiptera). <Canadian 
Entomologist, Vol. LV, p. 214, September, 1923. 

A New Subspecies of Euryophthalmus cinctus (Hemiptera). <Canad- 
ian Entomologist, Vol. LV, p. 270, November, 1923. 

A Rearrangement of our North American Thyreocorine (Hemiptera). 
<Entomological News, Vol. XXXIV, pp. 302-305, December, 1923. 


G. Dallas 


. Notes on Some Land Snails of the Sierra Nevada Mountains with 


Description of a New Species. <By G. Dallas Hanna and Emmet 
Rixford. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 43-50, 
pl. 4, Jan. 2, 1923. 

Upper Miocene Lacustrine Mollusks from Sonoma County, California. 
<Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 31-41, pls. 1-3, 
Jan. 2, 1923. 


. A NewSpecies of Carychium from Vancouver Island, British Columbia. 


<Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Vol. 12, No. 5, pp. 51-53, text fig. 1., Jan. 2, 
1923. 

What is the Future of the Fur Seal? <Fur Trade Review, January, 
1923, pp. 357-358, 359. (Three photographs accompanying article 
were printed in same number but inadvertently placed under article 
by W. J. Brett.) 

Random Notes on Alaska Snow Buntings. <Condor, Vol. 25, No. 2, 
pp. 60-65, 2 photographs, March-April, 1923. 


10. 


11. 


12. 


13. 


14. 


15. 


16. 


Ve 


CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


(Review of Fauna from the Eocene of Washington, by Charles E. 
Weaver and Katherine Van Winkle Palmer. < Univ. Wash. Publ. Geol., 
Vol. 1, No. 3, June, 1922). >The Nautilus, Vol. 36, April, 1923, 
pp. 141, 142. 

(Review of the Same Paper). <Journal of Geology, Vol. 31, No. 3, 
pp. 261-263, April-May, 1923. 

(A Biological Survey of the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, by Edward A. 
Preble, W. L. McAtee and others. <North American Fauna No. 46, 
U.S. Dept. Agriculture, June 20, 1923, pp. 1-257, pls. 1-15). The 
publication is based largely on collections made by G. Dallas Hanna 
and contains seven of his photographs as well as large numbers of his 
field notes. 


. Annual Report of the Department of Invertebrate Paleontology for 


1922. <Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Vol. 11, 4th Ser., pp. 680-683, August 
22, 1923. Bibliography of G. D. H. on pp. 670-672. 

(Map of the Gulf of California, Showing Route of California Academy 
of Sciences 1921 Expedition. Based upon Charts Nos. 620, 621, 1006, 
U.S. Hydrographic Office). <In Expedition of the California Acad- 
emy of Sciences to the Gulf of California in 1921, General Account by 
Joseph R. Slevin. <Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., Vol. 12, No. 6, 
opp. p. 72, June 2, 1923. 

Results of Preliminary Examination of seven samples of Sediments 
from near Lomitas (Los Angeles, County, California.) <Bull. South- 
ern Calif. Acad. Sci., Vol. 22, pt. 2, p. 64, July, 1923. 

A Cruise Among Desert Islands (with A. W. Anthony.) <National 
Geographic Magazine, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 71-99, 33 photographs, July, 
1923. Syndicated article “Survival of the Unfit,” by Henry Smith 
Williams, San Francisco Examiner, Oct. 22, 1923, etc., based on this. 
Also an article and photographs in The Illustrated London News, 
September 27, 1923, was based on this account. Another Article 
entitled ““A Brother of the Strange Beasts before Adam,’’ based on 
this appeared in the Literary Digest, Vol. 79, No. 8, November 24, 
1923, pp. 50-52, 3 photographs. 
Note on Lymnea hemphilliana (Baker). <Nautilus, Vol. 37, 
No. 1, p. 23, July, 1923. 

Pleistocene Freshwater Mollusks from North Central Texas. <Naut- 
ilus, Vol. 37, No. 1, p. 25, July, 1923. 

Some Eocene Foraminifera near Vacaville, California. <Univ. Calif. 
Publ. Geol., Vol. 14, No. 9, pp. 319-328, pls. 58-59, Oct. 31, 1923. 
Rare Mammals of the Pribilof Islands, Alaska. <Journal of Mam- 
malogy, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 209-215, pl. 23, Nov. 1923. 

Results of California Academy of Sciences Expedition to the Gulf of 
California in 1921. Land and Freshwater Mollusca. <Proc. Calif. 
Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., Vol. 12, No. 26, pp. 483-527, pls. 7-11, Dec. 31, 
1923. 


Eastwood, Alice 


1. 


The Winter Flowers on Mt. Tamalpais. <Out of Doors, January, 
1923. 


Vou. XII] EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1923 1241 


2. The Origin of Some Locality and Trail Names on Mt. Tamalpais. 
<Out of Doors, April, 1923. : 

3. The Fall Flora of Mt. Tamalpais. <Out of Doors, September, 1923. 

4, Trees of Mt. Tamalpais. <Trails (the yearly bulletin of the Cali- 
fornia Alpine Club). 

5. The Botany of that part of Menzies’ Journal relating to California. 
<Calif. Historical Society, January, 1924. 


NEEDS oF THE MusEuM 


The increase in the activities of the Academy and the 
growth in the work of the various departments in the past 
year have increased the needs of the Academy until they are 
now more numerous and greater than ever before. Every 
department is growing in its collections and material equip- 
ment. The floor space, never entirely adequate, in each de- 
partment, is now more than exhausted. Many collections and 
specimens valuable for exhibition purposes and others that 
should always be readily accessible for research have to be 
stored and are difficult of access. In the department of 
botany it has been found necessary to place some 20 herbarium 
cases in the hall. The department of ornithology and mam- 
malogy has found it necessary to store many valuable speci- 
mens in a number of places difficult to reach. 

We have no space available for exhibits in the departments 
of entomology, herpetology, paleontology, invertebrate zoo- 
logy, or botany. 

It has long been the desire of Mr. Van Duzee to put on 
exhibition properly prepared specimens of many of the eco- 
nomically important insects such as the Anopheles and Stego- 
myia mosquitoes and other carriers of disease, the insects in- 
jurious to agricultural and horticultural crops, and those in- 
jurious to domestic animals. Such exhibits as he has in mind 
would be intensely interesting and of great educational value. 

The department of paleontology is in a position to provide a 
number of exhibits that would prove very instructive particu- 
larly in economic geology, and the department of herpetology 
could readily provide a number of exhibits that would rival in 
scientific and popular interest any of the habitat groups we now 
have. The same may be said of the other departments, par- 
ticularly that of botany. It would be a comparatively easy 


1242 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [PRoc. 47TH SER. 


matter to provide many botanical exhibits that would prove of 
unusual interest and value. The department of ornithology 
and mammalogy has no suitable place for displaying any of 
the species of birds or mammals of intermediate size, such as 
the larger hawks and owls, ravens, crows, waders, foxes, 
wolverine, marten, mink, and similar species. It has been the 
desire of the Director to have installed a comprehensive 
exhibit of the fur-bearing animals of California. This exhibit 
would include one or more mounted animals and at least two 
dressed skins (one prime and one unprime) of each species; 
also descriptive matter regarding the abundance, distribution, 
habits and commercial value of each species, and the laws for 
their protection or capture. If we had suitable space for the 
display of such animals there is little doubt but that the furriers 
of San Francisco and others would be glad to assist in making 
such an exhibit possible. 

Another exhibit which the curator of ornithology and the 
Director have long had in mind is one showing by seasons the 
birds of Golden Gate Park. This would consist of five cases 
of mounted specimens, the first containing a pair, male and 
female, of each species of bird known to occur in the Park in 
the winter, the second case to show the spring migrants, the 
third the species known to breed in the Park, the fourth the 
fall migrants, and the fifth case would contain specimens of 
all the species known to be in the Park today. This last 
would, of course, be a constantly changing assemblage. When 
a species that was known to be in the Park migrated or dis- 
appeared, the specimens of that species would be taken out of 
the case; when a new arrival in the Park was noted by the 
observers specimens would be placed in the case. A teacher 
bringing her class to the Museum could say to them: “The 
Museum says all the kinds of birds in this case are in the Park 
today; let us go out and see how many of them we can find”. 

We have already made a beginning on this exhibit, but col- 
lecting the specimens and mounting them requires time and 
expense. With only one taxidermist progress is very slow. 
It is hoped that some public-spirited mam or woman interested 
in children may be found who will give the financial assistance 
needed for the completion of this exhibit which will undoubt- 
edly prove not only of great interest and educational value to 


Vor. XII] EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1923 1243 


the children of the public and private schools but to adults as 
well. A sum of money that would enable us to employ two 
expert collectors and taxidermists for two or three years 
would be sufficient. 


DEDICATION AND FORMAL OPENING OF THE 
STEINHART AQUARIUM 


At the time of the last Annual Report, the Steinhart Aqua- 
rium was under construction. Building operations progressed 
with reasonable speed and were practically completed by the 
first of July. The stocking of the tanks and pools with fishes 
and other aquatic life was begun at once, and the dedication 
and formal opening of the Aquarium occurred on Saturday 
afternoon, September 29. At 2 o'clock a private view of the 
Aquarium was given the Trustees, Council and Members of 
the Academy and the dedication ceremonies were held at 3 
o'clock in the court in front of the Aquarium, more than 
five thousand people being present. The following program 
was presented : 


PROGRAM 
WWSIG 6 46 6 6 5 6 DARIX ANID) 


ADDRESSES: 

1. How. C. E. Grunsxy, President of the Academy. 

2. Hon. WM. H. Crocker, President Board of Trustees. 

3. Mr. Jesse W. LILiENTHAL, Executor Estate Ignatz Steinhart. 
MUSIC - - - - - - PARK BAND 

Hon. WILLIAM SPROULE, Park Commissioner. 

Hon. James Roipu, Mayor, San Francisco. 

Dr. Davin STARR JORDAN, Chancellor Emeritus Stanford University. 

Dr. BARTON WARREN EVERMANN, Director of the Aquarium. 
MUSIC - ANTHEM, STAR SPANGLED BANNER 


Seat 


Address by Wilham H. Crocker 


No ambition is more laudable than the desire to perpetuate 
one’s name. When this is coupled with the broader plan of 
benefiting the community in which we live, true philanthropy 
is achieved. 

The fulfillment of this ambition has shown itself in many 
forms and divers foundations in our country. What could be 
more beautiful, more instructive and beneficial to the public 


1244 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [PRoc. 4TH SER, 


at large than the establishment of the Steinhart Aquarium 
which we are dedicating here today. 

It is a moving picture of the wonders of the Deep. From 
the remote places of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, their in- 
habitants, in all their beauty of color and grace of movement, 
live before us. Think what it means to us, our children and 
our children’s children. 

Ignatz Steinhart spent his active life here in San Francisco. 
He was one of our successful citizens in business. He was 
inspired by a sense of duty to accomplish something good, 
elevating and instructive for the present generation with which 
he lived, and for future generations to come. His name will 
remain in perpetuity among us; but even better still, Mr. 
Steinhart will be classed among the benefactors of mankind 
who have utilized their resources for educational purposes 
and the betterment of civilization. 


Address by C. E. Grunsky 


The Steinhart Aquarium which is today being opened to 
the public has been made possible by the Ignatz Steinhart be- 
quest of $250,000 to the California Academy of Sciences. 
The need of an aquarium here has long been felt. How 
except through the agency of an aquarium shall the general 
public be made familiar with the life in our streams, lakes, 
and in the ocean? An aquarium then is educational; but it is 
more than that. It makes a special appeal because it displays 
in a convenient way and in attractive environment such a 
variety of living things. Where else can the movements of 
fishes and all varieties of aquatic life be so well observed as in 
the aquarium? Here there is color and form and movement 
and variety, almost beyond belief; and how easy to learn 
while being fascinated with the beauty of the scene in the 
simulated stream or ocean bed? 

Some there are at this dedication who will recall the few 
tanks so long maintained at Woodward’s Gardens, on 14th 
Street near Market many years ago. There was a descent 
into a cave-like chamber in the walls of which the tanks were 
placed. Six or eight or more there may have been, I do not 
remember, but I do recall the great impression which they 


Vor. XII) EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1923 1245 


made upon me when as a boy, before I knew anything about 
aquariums, I descended the steps and found myself gazing 
from the dim light of the cave into a brilliantly lighted tank 
of sea life. 

It hardly seems possible that San Francisco should for such 
a long time after the passing of Woodward’s Gardens have 
been without an aquarium. The more is this to be wondered 
at when it is recalled how popular an attraction the aquariums 
at the Panama Pacific Exposition had proved to be. Crowds 
were attracted by the exhibit in one of the main buildings and 
crowds, too, by the marvelous colorful display in the Hawaiian 
building. Many were the regrets later expressed, that no 
means were at hand to make such collections of aquatic life 
permanent. ; 

By reason of geographic position on the shore of the Pacific 
Ocean, with water upon three sides, and with access by water 
to California’s two great rivers, and as the center of a great 
metropolitan area, San Francisco is the ideal location for an 
aquarium of the first rank and is now placed in a position to 
make a satisfactory display of the life in the ocean as well as 
in the streams which flow to the ocean. The desirability of an 
aquarium here was fully realized by Mr. Ignatz Steinhart; as 
it had been, too, by his brother, Mr. Sigmund Steinhart. The 
latter, the first to pass away, had left in the hands of his sur- 
viving brother a comparatively small fund which was to be 
used for aquarium purposes if opportunity offered. The 
former some years before his death began to study aquariums 
and to weigh the possibility of erecting an aquarium in San 
Francisco. His interest in this matter led to conferences with 
Dr. Evermann, the Director of the Museum of the California 
Academy of Sciences, and with others. The outcome of these 
conferences crystallized in a desire to have San Francisco give 
assurance that if some one should erect and equip a building 
for aquarium purposes, the City would provide operating 
funds to assure its maintenance and operation. This desire 
found expression in a charter amendment, adopted by the 
electors of San Francisco in 1916, to the effect that the City 
pledged itself to accept an aquarium when constructed and to 
provide funds for the operation thereof. 


1246 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. 


After the adoption of this Charter Amendment it was con- 
fidently expected that Mr. Ignatz Steinhart would at an early 
date enter upon the construction of an aquarium. But he was 
called by death before any definite steps had been taken. In 
his will, however, he made the provision for the project which 
we see fully realized today. He bequeathed to the California 
Academy of Sciences $250,000 as already stated, to be used 
in the construction and equipment of an aquarium in Golden 
Gate Park. The trust thus imposed was, of course, accepted 
by the Academy. This acceptance was conditioned upon 
favorable action by the City in the matter of allowing the 
aquarium to be erected in Golden Gate Park adjacent to the 
Academy buildings as stipulated by Mr. Steinhart, and the 
making of provision by the City for the operating expenses of 
the aquarium. In 1918 the electors passed the necessary 
charter amendment authorizing the erection and equipment 
of the aquarium subject to the provisions and conditions 
named in the Steinhart bequest. Studies were, thereupon, 
commenced in order that advantage might be taken of experi- 
ences elsewhere. Dr. Evermann accompanied by Engineer T. 
Ronneberg visited the aquariums of the East and brought 
back much valuable information. The plans for the building 
were entrusted to Architect Lewis P. Hobart. The result 
speaks for itself. 

On behalf of the Academy, I desire to express at this time 
the appreciation, by its officers and members, of the cordial 
cooperation accorded to the Academy and its representatives 
by the Park Commission of San Francisco, in connection with 
the construction work and the parking about the building. 
We have also to thank the California State Fish and Game 
Commission and Mr. F. A. Potter, Superintendent of the 
Aquarium at Honolulu for valuable aid in securing fish and 
other material, and the Southern Pacific Company, the Los 
Angeles Steamship Company, the Matson Navigation Com- 
pany, and many other corporations and individuals for cour- 
tesies extended and assistance rendered in making collections 
and in transporting the collected specimens. 

I shall not enter upon a description of the aquarium itself 
which falls properly to its Director, Dr. Barton W. Evermann, 
from whom you are to hear presently. It is fitting, however, 


Vor. X11] EVERMANN—DIRECTOR'S REPORT FOR 1923 1247 


that we recall the words of the donor whose name the Aqua- 
rium bears. I quote from his bequest, as incorporated into 
the San Francisco Charter amendment which empowered the 
Board of Supervisors to carry into effect the terms, provisions 
and conditions of this bequest: 


“Tt being my earnest desire to provide the citizens of San 
Francisco with an aquarium to be erected in Golden Gate Park 
of said City, and to be called the “Steinhart Aquarium’; and 
provided such an aquarium has not heretofore been con- 
structed or placed in operation by me or any other party or 
-parties; I hereby give, devise and bequeath to the California 
Academy of Sciences of San Francisco, the sum of ($250,000) 
two hundred and fifty thousand dollars, for the erection and 
completion of an aquarium to be located in the Golden Gate 
Park of said City of San Francisco, and adjacent or adjoining 
to the new buildings and museum of said Academy of 
Sciences in said Park.” PLO N 

“The management, superintendence and operation of said 
aquarium to be in charge and under the direction of said 
Academy of Sciences; and I expect that the necessary funds 
for the maintenance and operation of said aquarium will be 
furnished by the City of San Francisco for the benefit of the 
inhabitants thereof or others, who may enjoy said aquarium 
or derive knowledge and information therefrom.” 


The Academy, Mr. Mayor, under the terms of this bequest 
has accepted the trust as set forth, not alone to construct the 
Aquarium and equip it, but also to operate it for the benefit 
and enjoyment of all who care to visit it. The Academy de- 
sires through you, Mr. Mayor, to advise all who are concerned 
that the first part of this trust has now been fulfilled. The 
construction is completed, operation has commenced, and the 
aquarium, complete and fully equipped, is now ready to be 
formally opened to the public. 


Address by David Starr Jordan 


After complimentary remarks concerning the people, the 
weather and the Aquarium, Dr. Jordan said, in part: 

I feel as though I were in a sense a grandfather to the 
Steinhart Aquarium. Some twenty years ago, Mr. Ignatz 


1248 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER, 


Steinhart came to me to talk over the possibilities of such an 
enterprise, its cost, its management and the place to put it. 
All his plans have been faithfully carried out, and in the best 
possible way. I feel like a grandfather again, because the 
director of the Aquarium and its superintendent were both 
students of mine. I taught them to know fish. 

It is forty-five years now since Barton Warren Evermann 
first joined my little student tramping party from Somerset, 
Kentucky, by way of Cumberland Falls, to the French Broad 
River, the Great Smoky Mountains, and by way of Tallulah 
into the heart of Georgia. All along the way we interviewed 
the flowers, the ferns and the fishes, and the impression has 
never faded away. We have been working together on fishes 
ever since those days. 

Alvin Seale came to us at Stanford at the end of the last 
century, when fishing the world over was good. He has been 
my partner in various investigations and has made many of 
his own. One notable act was his transfer from Galveston to 
Hawaii of the mosquito-devouring top-minnow, Gambusia, 
now successfully introduced also in Formosa and the Philip- 
pines. 

One feature of the Steinhart Aquarium we must not over- 
look, its value to scientific research. The people of this city, 
the children especially, will look with wonder and profit on 
the hundreds of varied forms of fishes; the men of science will 
make use of them for extending our knowledge of marine life. 

The most famous aquarium in the world is the one at 
Naples. Not for its variety of fishes, for in this regard the 
Mediterranean cannot compare with Hawaii and the South 
Seas. It is, however, the center to which hundreds of naturalists 
all over the world have been drawn for most important studies. 
This has been because the Aquarium made provision for such 
study. The upper floor was turned over to Dr. Anton Dohrn, 
and the great universities of the world were glad and proud 
to rent “tables” for students, with the equipment of books and 
instruments of precision which go with each table. 

In the Steinhart Aquarium the same provision is made ex- 
cept that the research rooms are in the basement. But they 


Vor. XII] EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1923 1249 


are equally well provided and the day will come when stu- 
dents of sea-life will cross oceans and continents to work in 
these hospitable halls. 


Address by Barton Warren Evermann 


On a sweet day in June, 45 years ago, a young college pro- 
fessor of zoology and a young student of his sat together on 
the bank of the Cumberland River just below the beautiful 
Cumberland Falls. The sun shone on the spray, and a rainbow 
arched the chasm which the river had cut. Beautiful climb- 
ing ferns, sensitive briars, orchids and magnolias covered 
the almost vertical walls that hemmed the river in. 

The professor and his pupil saw all these, but they, for the 
moment, were chiefly interested in a small fish which the stu- 
dent had caught. The professor was giving his student his 
first lesson in systematic ichthyology. By means of a “Manual 
of Vertebrates,” which the professor had recently written, 
and which contained descriptions of all the mammals, birds, 
reptiles and fishes then known from the eastern United States, 
the little fish was soon identified as the common stone-roller or 
dough-belly, whose scientific name is Campostoma anomalum; 
“anomalum,” because its very long intestine is wound around 
its air-bladder, like the wire or string around a leaky garden 
hose to keep it from bursting—a structure quite “anomalous” 
among fishes. 

In the weeks that followed, while tramping southward 
through Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina and Georgia, 
across the Cumberland Mountains and the Great Smokies, 
the professor and his student had frequent opportunity to 
take a look at the fishes in the streams they crossed. They sat 
on the banks of many of them—as the French Broad, the 
Swannanoa, the Tallulah and the Tugaloo, and studied and 
identified such fishes as they had caught. And thus the stu- 
dent’s interest in fishes grew day by day. 

Since those glorious days, the professor and his student 
have fished together in many waters, both fresh and salt, and 


1250: CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. 


in many lands. They have caught fish, usually while fishing 
together, in every state and territory in the Union, and in 
some foreign countries. They, sometimes alone, sometimes 
with others helping them, have waded a hundred miles or 
more, in rivers, lakes and along ocean shores, through which 
they dragged nets with which to, catch the fish. 

Sometimes the “water was fine’ and felt very pleasant; 
sometimes it was very cold and felt very different; but it was 
always wet! One occasion is recalled when they fished in a 
certain icy-cold river in Colorado whose name is Rio de las 
Animas Perdidas, or the River of the Lost Souls. 

After a hasty inspection the professor decided that the best 
place to draw the seine was on a gently sloping gravel bar on 
the opposite side of the river, and said, ““We will wade across 
and try it over there.’ There was a bridge only a few yards 
above us, and the three other members of the party said, 
“Why not cross on the bridge?” But, despite their protest, 
the professor gathered up one end of the seine, Davis the cen- 
ter, Fesler the other end, the other the collecting bucket, and 
we all started across, stepping from stone to stone where the 
water was deep. Soon the professor slipped and went in over 
his head! Scrambling back to shore as best he could, he re- 
marked, between shivers, “I always thought that the place 
where lost souls went was a good deal hotter than this place 
is.’ We all then went up and crossed on the bridge. 

On another occasion we went from Salt Lake City down 
into the Land of Juab where we fished the Sevier River. The 
professor had inadvertently left his seining clothes at the hotel, 
so he said, “You boys can do the seining today; I'll stay on 
the bank and boss the job and examine the catch as you bring 
it ashore.” Fishes of several very interesting kinds proved 
abundant, and the professor became greatly excited. He dis- 
appeared for a moment in the bushes, but soon reappeared 
garbed only in a hat and a long linen duster, with the remark, 
“This is great! I want to share the fun with you boys.” 

We got many kinds of fishes in that interesting stream, 
and, as we drove back to Juab in the cool of the evening, we 


Vor. XII] EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1923 1251 


commemorated the event by fabricating and singing a “round” 
(a parody on “The Animal Fair”), which ran something like 
this: 


We went to the fisheries fair, 
The suckers and chubs were there; 
And old Cottus blob with a red corn cob 
Was combing the bullfrog’s hair. 
Pantosteus he got drunk 
And fell on Agosia’s trunk, 
Rhinichthys sneezed 
And fell on his knees, 
And that was the end 
Of the Blob, 

blob, 

blob. 


With these many years of intimate association with Dr. 
David Starr Jordan in the study of fishes, it was quite natural 
that I, his student, should develop an interest in live fishes as 
well as fishes preserved in alcohol. So, in 1916, when some 
one told me that Mr. Ignatz Steinhart, a public-spirited citizen 
of San Francisco, was also interested in fishes and aquariums, 
I determined to meet him. 

Through a mutual friend, the late Rudolph J. Taussig, I 
first met Mr. Steinhart on March 8, 1916. Mr. Steinhart 
spoke freely of his long interest in public aquariums and the 
interest of his brother Sigmund Steinhart; how he had 
dreamed for years of establishing a public aquarium in San 
Francisco; how he had visited all the aquariums in America 
and Europe; how he had employed experts to study aquarium 
problems and assemble data for him; how he had made propo- 
sitions to various individuals and organizations to join him in 
the undertaking ; how he had met with one difficulty and re- 
buff after another, until finally he had become so discouraged 
that he abandoned the idea entirely and decided to devote his 
money to an entirely different purpose. His decision seemed 
to be final; and I left Mr. Steinhart that evening with the 
feeling that there was no hope that he would ever put any 
money into an aquarium. 

Two days later Mr. Steinhart phoned me to come and take 
luncheon with him at the California Market. I did so and he 
at once said that he had been thinking about the aquarium 


PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Ser., Vol. XII, No. 33 [ANN, REPT.] Pl. 90 


IGNATZ STEINHART (1840-1917) 
FOUNDER OF THE STEINHART AQUARIUM 


OF THE 
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 


(ANN. REPT.] Pl. 91 


PROG. CAL. ACAD. SCl., 4th Ser., Vol. XII, No. 33 


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PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Ser., Vol. XII, No. 33 [ANN. REPT.] Pl. 92 


ANOTHER VIEW OF THE SWAMP IN THE STEINHART AQUARIUM 
Note the artistic railing around the swamp 


Vor. XII] EVERMANN-—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1923 1253 


his sudden death May 15, 1917, and the announcement that 
he had left in his will $250,000 to the California Academy of. 
Sciences for an aquarium building and its equipment. 

The executors paid the $250,000 to the Academy December 
17, 1919. Immediately thereafter the architect’s engineer, 
Mr. Trygve Ronneberg, and I went east and visited all the 
aquariums in America, and in the summer following I visited 
that at Honolulu. The knowledge gained from a study of 
these aquariums was of great value in our planning of the 
Steinhart Aquarium. When the $250,000 was paid to the 
Academy (December 17, 1919) building conditions were not 
good, so the trustees loaned the money at a good rate of inter- 
est payable monthly. Whenever a monthly interest payment 
was received government certificates were bought with it. As 
a result something near $55,000 in interest has now been re- 
ceived, and we have put $305,000 instead of $250,000 into 
the building and its equipment. Building operations began 
April 1, 1922, and you now see the building practically 
completed. 

In certain features the Steinhart Aquarium is the most com- 
plete and satisfactory of any in this country. 

We have four kinds of water—fresh water of the local tem- 
perature for local freshwater fishes and similar species; fresh 
water cooled to meet the needs of trout, salmon and other cold 
water species; salt water of the local temperature for local 
and other salt-water species suited to that temperature; and 
salt water warmed to meet the needs of fishes from the 
Hawaiian Islands and elsewhere in the tropics. 

There will be upwards qf 110 tanks, large and small, and 
large outdoor pools. One unique feature is a large indoor 
tropical swamp stocked with various species of turtles, frogs, 
water snakes, salamanders, alligators and aquatic plants. 
Around the tropical swamp are two series of balanced aqua- 
riums which are very beautiful and interesting. 

Another unique feature is a fish-hatching equipment where 
an expert detailed by the State Fish and Game Commission 
will demonstrate the methods of fish culture. Still another 
unique feature is a well-equipped biological laboratory in 
which college professors, high school teachers, students and 
others can carry on investigations of any problems of aquatic 


» 1254 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES _ [Proc. 41H SER 


life that can be studied from aquarium material. It is ex- 
pected that this laboratory will prove of real value to the 
public schools. 

The aquarium employs what is known as the closed circula- 
tion system: the water being stored in large reservoirs from 
which it is kept circulating through the aquariums, the same 
water being used over and over again for years. 

The object has been to carry out the wishes of Mr. Stein- 
hart by providing an aquarium that will be of the broadest 
general interest and that will be of the highest educational 
value to the city and the state. To what extent this aim has 
been realized you can judge when you enter the aquarium. 

The staff has now been selected and the aquarium is in 
operation. We are fortunate in having secured as superin- 
tendent in immediate charge of the aquarium Mr. Alvin Seale, 
who built the Manila Aquarium, which he operated for several 
years. As principal expert assistants to Superintendent Seale 
we have secured Mr. H. Walton Clark, for many years con- 
nected with the United States Bureau of Fisheries, and Mr. 
Wallace Adams, as assistant superintendent. 

That this occasion is a very happy one for me may well be 
believed. It marks the realization of an ambition that has pos- 
sessed my soul for many years. And I can repeat what I 
have often heard Dr. Jordan repeat from good old Izaak 
Walton: “It is good luck to any man to be on the good side 
of the man who knows fish.” And I may add, it is good for- 
tune for any man to have “walked with Jordan,’ and doubly 
blest is he who has fished with Jordan. 

And as we are assembled here today, my thoughts go back 
to that delicious day at Cumberland Falls 45 years ago. The 
wax was soft then and the impress grew indelible. I see again 
the whole scene—the great silvery waterfall, the broad sheets 
of white and green water pouring over the precipice to lose 
themselves in the swish and swirl of the great cauldron at the 
base; the spray filling the gorge, the spray-washed and 
diamond-studded ferns and moss and shrubs on the walls, the 
gorgeous masses of flowers, the mist rising above the gorge 
and gleaming in the sunlight, and the rainbow arching all. 

The professor and his pupil sit together here again today. 
In imagination they have reached the rainbow’s end, and they 


Vor. XII] EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1923 1255 


have found, not the mythical pot of gold, but something of 
vastly greater interest and value to you and me and all the 
people of California—this beautiful aquarium, this splendid 
enduring memorial to Ignatz Steinhart, erected, in the felici- 
tous words of the donor, “for the benefit of the inhabitants of 
San Francisco and others who may enjoy said aquarium and 
derive knowledge and information therefrom.” 

Would that Mr. Steinhart could be with us here today and 
enjoy with you and me and all of us, and that all of us might 
enjoy with him, the fruition of his dream. 


Numerous letters and telegrams that had been received from 
institutions and individuals in various parts of the United 
States and elsewhere conveying felicitations and congratula- 
tions were read, a few of which may be mentioned: 


Luther Burbank; Riverside Public Library; Duncan Burnet, librarian, 
University of Ga.; Jarl Lindfari, vice-consul of the Republic of Finland; Iowa 
Geological Survey; U. S. Naval Observatory; William McInnes, Director 
Victoria Memorial Museum; American Philosophical Society; Professor Henry 
Fairfield Osborn, President, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.; President, Univ. of Mich.; 
Dr. J. N. Rose, U.S. N. M.; Dr. Charles D. Walcott, Secty. Smith. Inst.; 
Dr. E. J. Allen, Director Marine Biological Assn. of the United Kingdom, 
Plymouth, England; President of the Tokyo Imperial University; C. Anderson, 
Director, Australian Museum, Sydney; Académie des Sciences de Russie; 
Botanischer Verein de Provinz Brandenburg; Dr. Charles H. Townsend, 
Director, New York Aquarium. 


AQUARIUM PERSONNEL 


The personnel of the Aquarium is as follows: 


Dr. Barton Warren Evermann, Director, part time; W. W. Sargeant, Secre- 
tary, part time; Susie M. Peers, Secretary to the Director, part time; Mrs. 
Constance W. Campbell, stenographer and typewriter, part time; Alvin Seale, 
Superintendent; Wallace Adams, Assistant Superintendent; H. Walton Clark, 
Aquarist and Chief Collector; William J. Martin, Assistant Collector; Clynt 
S. Martin, Chief Engineer; Frank Terlin, Assistant Engineer; John R. Moore- 
field, Assistant Engineer; H. F. Stevens, Relief Engineer; Charles Brandt, 
Chief Attendant; W.S. Walker, Assistant Attendant; Clyde E. Guidry, Assist- 
ant Attendant; Peter J. Burke, Janitor; Patrick O'Neill, Assistant Janitor; 
S. J. Shenefield, Carpenter; and Lucie Hicks, Door Attendant. 


1256 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER, 


COMMITTEE ON CONSERVATION OF WILD LIFE 


This is one of the Academy’s most active committees. Its 
membership consists of M. Hall McAllister, chairman; Barton 
Warren Evermann, W. B. Lewis, John R. White, and S. 
Leonard Abbott. 

Among the most important achievements of the committee 
may be mentioned the following: The Academy’s Conserva- 
tion Committee was appointed to act as the California or 
Pacific Coast representative of the Permanent Wild Life Pro- 
tection Fund of New York, Dr. W. T. Hornaday, Trustee. 
Through the Academy’s Special Observers, the Committee 
has distributed considerable conservation literature and given 
much publicity to conservation matters. 

The Committee also makes and publishes an Annual Census 
of certain large mammals in California. 

The census for 1923 was as follows: Valley Elk, 468 ani- 
mals; Mountain Sheep, 212 animals; Antelope, 1007 animals. 


Valley Elk—An occasional visit is made to the herd in 
Kern County, where the animals live an undisturbed life 
among the willows and tule lands bordering Buena Vista Lake. 
The Academy caught up and distributed in 1914 and 1915 
about 166 Valley Elk from this herd. The herds giving 
most promise are those in the paddock in the Yosemite Valley, 
which now number eleven head, and, that on the Monterey 
peninsula, which number about thirty. 

The animals were placed in the following reservations or 
parks: Balboa Park, San Diego; J. M. Danziger property, 
Santa Monica Mountains, Los Angeles County; E. L. Doheny 
property, Santa Monica Mountains, Los Angeles County; City 
Park, Riverside; Modesto City Park, Modesto; California 
Redwood Park Association, Big‘ Basin; Seventeen-mile Drive, 
Monterey ; Santa Cruz City Park; Alum Rock Park, San Jose; 
Mooney Park, Visalia; Fresno City Park; A. V. Lisenby Park, 
Friant; P. H. Loinaz Park, Fresno; John Zapp Park, Fresno; 
Vancouver Pinnacles; J. F. Dunne Park, San Felipe; Del 
Paso Park, Sacramento; City Park, Petaluma; Eden Valley, 
Mendocino County; and the Yosemite Valley. 


Mountain Sheep—These animals live in the inaccessible 
desert mountains of southern California. The Committee has 


Vor. XIT] EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1923 1257 


had posted a number of metal signs of WARNING and 
REWARD on or near their habitat. 

One law-breaker was arrested and fined $100 for killing two 
sheep in the Southern Sierra and our first $50-reward was 
paid to the informer. 


Antelope—The Mount Dome Herd in Siskiyou County, 
northern California, which numbers over 100 animals, has 
been our special care. They are now ranging in their usual habi- 
tat in the Modoc Lava Beds. The Committee has also posted 
all the Antelope country with metal warning signs and en- 
deavors by reasonable publicity to give these animals all pro- 
tection possible. It might be noted that the U. S. Biological 
Survey joined with a private subscription of $1000—(made 
by a member of the Academy) and a fund was raised which 
was used to capture in northwestern Nevada some 40 antelope 
fawns. This herd is now being held in Reno, Nevada, and will 
shortly be transferred to their permanent home on the Tonto 
Plateau in the Grand Cafion of the Colorado in Arizona. 


Subscriptions—The following amounts have been received 
during the year for use of the Conservation Committee: 


Permanent Wild Life Protection Fund. .$300 
LoS alcain IBIGON SOBs oconoocoocuna0e 100 


SpEcIAL WILD LIFE OBSERVERS 


CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, SAN FRANCISCO 


1. Albright, Horace M....... Superintendent, Yellowstone National Park, 
Wyoming. 

2. Anthony, Alfred W....... 237 Spruce Street, San Diego, California. 

3. Courtright, George W.....Malin, Klamath County, Oregon. 

4. Cuthbert, Edmund R..... David, Chiriqui, Panama. 

5. Durbin, William G..... ...Susanville, Lassen County, California. 

6, Bakiny J-oROss: 22... 4) Superintendent, Grand Canyon National 


Park, Grand Canyon, Arizona. 
7. Hedderly, Edwin A.......Pacific Finance Building, Los Angeles, Cali- 


fornia. 

Sh Iekonneorbersey JEL WiNioo ooance Acting Superintendent, Glacier National Park, 
Belton, Montana. 

9. Jaeger, Edmund C........ Director, Riverside Junior College, Riverside, 
California. 

10. Karstens, Henry P........ Superintendent, Mount McKinley National 


Park, McKinley Park, Alaska. 


1258 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER, 

1) eesiWallias ie] yrerreeeee Susanville, Lassen County, California. 

12. Lewis, Washington B...... Superintendent, Yosemite National Park, 
Yosemite, California. 

13. Miller, John O............ Tennant, Siskiyou County, California. 

14. Ober, Edwin H........... Big Pine, Inyo County, California. 

15. Russell, Carl P........... Park Naturalist, Yosemite, California. 

Gy, Skrasor, ING IBeobasausoaune Banff Museum, Banff, Alberta, Canada. 

if, Siaeny, vitobie Doe nooo es Upland, San Bernardino County, California. 


18. Thomson, Charles Goff....Superintendent, Crater Lake National Park, 
Medford, Oregon. 


19. Tomlinson, Owen A....... Superintendent, Rainier National Park, Ash- 
ford, Washington 
PAD), \WiAswins, JOIN co ocau00e Superintendent, Sequoia National Park, Se- 


quoia, Tulare County, California. 


DEPARTMENT REPORTS 
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY 


Following is a statement of the approximate number of species and speci- 
mens in cases in the Herbarium at this date. 
Species Specimens 


General collection in 68 cases................-. 42,288 122,852 
MOossesiiiact ticle Ae At ee saute een nee eo oareneaee 1,511 3,826 
Da keyoC Hotes ad yearn asAsiaGs At onAmseg Oca eacamtchm baste ose e 180 562 
LACHen Si35 aie ada eee rahe te he kas ae eine ony eRe ee 849 1,541 
Alge (Prager Herbarium)..................... 614 614 
Fungi i SN. ceener a nael Seon a a oecks 3,656 3,656 
Ferns « ERM th a oth ln carga b 985 985 
Cereals “ « (Hohenacker collection)...... 172 


50,083 134,208 


The number of specimens in the Prager Herbarium is still unknown as the 
catalog which came with the herbarium, lists species only and many species 
are represented by specimens from different regions. The alge, ferns and 
fungi are in the original packages and only the catalog has been used in num- 
bering species and specimens. When we are able to stamp and number every 
specimen sheet in the herbarium an exact report can be obtained; probably the 
number of specimens is at least 150,000. The boxes of microscope slides are 
also unlisted. These specimens consist of diatoms, mosses and fungi beauti- 
fully mounted. : 

The most important accessions during the year have been as follows: 407 
specimens of flowering plants donated by Ellsworth Bethel of the Colorado 
State Museum, collected chiefly in Shasta County, California, while engaged 
inthe Blister Rust Investigation; 1178 specimens from southern China and Siam 
collected under the auspices of the Canton Christian College and obtained from 
Walter T. Swingle in exchange; 418 specimens, chiefly exotics, donated by Eric 
Walther and collected by him in gardens and parks in the San Francisco Bay 
Region, Santa Barbara and Monterey; 850 specimens from the National Herb- 
arium in continuation of exchange; 229 specimens from southern California, 
sent by Philip A. Munz, from the Baker Herbarium, Pomona College, Clare- 


Vor. XII] EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1923 1259 


mont, California, in exchange; 351 specimens of trees and shrubs from the 
Arnold Arboretum in continuation of exchange; 189 specimens donated by 
Mrs. Charles W. McKelwey collected in Glacier National Park and the Atlantic 
States. 

More than 50 individuals have contributed specimens chiefly for identifica- 
tion. Their names will appear on the list of donors. The Curator collected 
as follows, not including mosses which are listed separately: Angels Camp, 
Calaveras Co., 106; Shasta Springs, Siskiyou Co., 121; Mt. St. Helena, 45; 
Mt. Hamilton and Mt. Diablo, 24; Yosemite Valley, 53; Del Norte Co., 400; 
Humboldt Co., 41; Point Reyes, 56; Lower California, 96; Los Angeles, 14; 
Santa Barbara (exotics), 44; a total of approximately 894 specimens not in- 
cluding many duplicates. 

The collection of mosses has been increased by almost 500 specimens. Miss 
Anna Head collected in the Feather River Region, Mrs. Enid Michaels in the 
Yosemite Region, Mrs. E. C. Sutliffe and Mrs. Marian L. Campbell in Marin 
Co., Mrs. S. E. Hirstel in Yosemite Valley, and Miss Stella Handelin at Eureka, 
Humboldt Co. Mr. R. E. Bradshaw of Palo Alto has donated 18 fine specimens 
named by authorities. The Curator has collected about 400 specimens of 
mosses wherever collections of other plants have been made and especially in 
Marin Co. on Mt. Tamalpais and in Mill Valley. These collections are mostly 
undetermined. Some are now in the hands of specialists; others will be sent 
later and none is as yet incorporated in the general collection. 

Besides collecting mosses, Mrs. E. C. Sutliffe has taken charge of our col- 
lection of Hepatics, sending the fresh collections to Professor Alexander W. 
Evans at Yale University for determination. There have been added two 
genera and three species to the known flora of California. She has donated 30 
specimens received in exchange from Miss C. C. Haynes, Highlands, New 
York. 

The collection made by Ivan M. Johnston in Lower California on the expe- 
dition of the California Academy of Sciences in 1921 has been mounted and 
incorporated into the herbarium. There are 1418 specimens of flowering plants 
and ferns including 46 types of new species and subspecies. The collection of 
Alge is a notable one, containing 122 specimens and including 55 types. 
This collection will form the basis of a paper on the Algz of Lower California 
by Dr. W. A. Setchell and Dr. N. L. Gardner, now in press. ! They have added 
to the collection two types collected by Walter E. Bryant on an Academy 
Expedition many years ago and 5 types collected by T. S. Brandegee. There 
are also 12 cotypes from the collection of Mrs. Marchant. 

The duplicates of the flowering plants and ferns of the Johnston collection 
have been labelled and arranged in six or seven sets, each set having also been 
listed. These sets will be sent to the most important herbariums for exchange 
when Johnston’s paper has been published and distributed. There are 3472 
duplicates. 

The herbarium donated by Professor George R. Kleeberger has also been 
incorporated into the herbarium. Besides the valuable collection of mosses 
and hepatics there are 3293 mounted and 2256 unmounted specimens. It 
includes a valuable numbered set of plants collected by Kellogg and Harford 


1This report has been published as Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Vol. XII, No. 29, pp. 695-949, 
pls. 12-88, map. 


1260 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER, 


in 1868-69, containing duplicates of types and part of the collections on which 
the Botany of the California Geological Survey was founded; also a collection 
from the herbarium of D. C. Eaton, specimens collected in Utah on the Clar- 
ence King Exploration of the 40th Parallel. The donor’s own collections in 
Connecticut, Wisconsin and California add to the great value of this herbarium. 

The exhibition of flowers, both native and exotic, which is maintained in the 
vestibule of the Museum is one of the most popular features of the Museum 
and has great educational value. Each specimen is labelled with the scientific 
and common name and, in the case of the native flowers, the locality, while 
the native country is given with the exotics. More than a thousand species 
are on exhibition during the year, as there is continual change. Some good 
friends of the Academy have been of great assistance in sending or bringing 
specimens. Mr. W. P. Steinbeck of Stockton has sent beautiful flowers from 
the Sierra Nevada almost every week during the flowering season, Mrs. E. C. 
Sutliffe and Mrs. S. E. Hirstel have brought in lovely specimens from Marin 
Co.; while Eric Walther has contributed almost all the exotics, a most im- 
portant part of the exhibition. Mrs. Johanna Wilkens has been as usual most 
efficient in keeping the exhibition clean and in good order. 

My assistant, Mrs. George H. Phelps, has done excellent work in mounting 
the numerous accessions and distributing them into the herbarium. The 
evening class of the gardeners and the Botanical Club have had regular meet- 
ings and excursions. Popular talks on botanical subjects and conservation 
have been given to various clubs and the influence of the Academy thereby 
extended. The list of trees, shrubs, and hardy perennials in Golden Gate Park 
has been completed and will soon be published in the Report of the Park Com- 
missioners. This list has been prepared by Eric Walther under the supervision 
of John McLaren, Superintendent of the Park. The determinations have been 
made by the Curator. There are 125 families, 569 genera, 1679 species and 
788 varieties, making a total of 2167 labelled specimens. This work has taken 
a great deal of time and its success is due to the untiring efforts of Eric Walther. 

A catalog of the exotics cultivated out-of-doors in California would be a most 
useful and illuminating publication and could be made from the fine collection 
now in our herbarium. 

My greatest need is more help as my time is taken up altogether with cura- 
torial work that cannot be done except by a botanist. 

ALicE EAstwoop, Curator. 


DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY 


Work in the Department of Entomology in 1923 was characterized more by 
the development of the material on hand than by extensive additions. Cir- 
cumstances made it inadvisable for the curator to do the usual amount of field 
work but more was accomplished in the mounting of accumulated material and 
the determination and arrangement of the unworked species. Dr. F. E. Blais- 
dell continued his work on the Academy collection of Coleoptera, and a number 
of difficult and interesting families of beetles have been gotten into shape and 
await the purchase of the necessary cases for their arrangement. Dr. F. R. 
Cole completed a second installment of his report on the Diptera of the Gulf 
Expedition, covering most of the families except the Bombyllide reported on 


Vor. XII] EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1923 1261 


in 1922, and in October, at considerable personal sacrifice he spent three weeks 
at the Academy working over the dipterous insects accumulated during the 
past two years, thus making possible the rearrangement of our entire collection 
of the two-winged flies. During the early part of the year Prof. T. D. A. 
Cockereil completed work on four families of the bees of the Gulf Expedition, 
and after his return from Siberia, he completed six more families. ‘These studies 
on the bees show a large percentage of new forms among the Mexican material 
(64 out of 106 being new) and greatly enhance the value of this portion of the 
Academy collection of insects. Mr. C. D. Duncan completed the study of the 
Academy material in the Vespidz, including the hornets and yellow-jackets, 
and Mr. C. L. Fox studied the digger wasps of the Family Bembecidz. Mr. 
Morgan Hebard finished his work on the orthoptera of the Gulf Expedition. 
Mr. Ralph Chamberlin that on the spiders and millepeds, and Mr. Joseph 
Chamberlin that on the pseudoscorpions. Finally, the curator was able to 
devote some time to systematic work on the North American Hemiptera, com- 
pleting work on the Chermidz and nearly completing that on the Cicadellide. 
Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, who each year adds largely to the collections of the 
Academy, spent the whole year in China where he again made extensive col- 
lections of insects for the Academy of Sciences. This material did not reach 
us until too late for inclusion in this report but will be fully covered in the 
report for next year. 

Accessions to the Department of Entomology in 1923 number 13,045 speci- 
mens slightly fewer than in the preceding year. 

Field work by the curator included a week spent at Potholes, California, and 
Yuma, Arizona, in April, a week in Mill Creek Canon, San Bernardino Moun- 
tains, in September, as the guest of Dr. F. R. Cole and his parents, and about 
four days’ work at Ensenada, Lower California, and Alpine in San Diego 
County, in September, one day at Mt. Diablo in May and one day at Pitts- 
burg, California in November, as the guest of Mr. and Mrs. J. O. Martin. 
The total number of insects added by this field work is 4630. Other important 
accessions are: From F. F. Crevecoeur, 1541 beetles from Kansas, in part pur- 
chased; Mr. J. A. Kusche, 1322 specimens, mostly exotics, purchased; Mr. 
Clifford Dodds, 1241 insects from Mexico, in addition to those recorded last 
year; Mr. J. O. Martin, 719 specimens, including many rare forms and the 
types of seven species of beetles described by him; Mr. C. L. Fox, 619 insects, 
largely from the Sequoia National Forest; Mr. Louis Slevin, 509 specimens 
from Monterey Co., California; Dr. F. E. Blaisdell, 362 insects, including types 
and a valuable series of western cicadas; Mr. Herman Peters, 360 specimens 
from Queensland, recorded but not enumerated in our report for 1916; Mr. 
E. R. Leach, 197 insects; Mrs. H. E. Ricksecker, 183 insects from California; 
Miss Louise Knobel, 182 insects from Arkansas, purchased; Mr. B. C. Marshall, 
148 beetles from Arkansas; Mr. J. R. Slevin, 136 insects taken in field work in 
Lower California; Mr. A. Christoffersen, 125 insects from the Pribilof Islands; 
Mr. F. R. Jones, 44 insects; Mrs. S. A. Anderson, 21 insects from Columbia, 
some of them large and interesting forms; Dr. C. H. Keanedy, 228 dragon-flies, 
mostly from California, and all correctly determined. Other smaller donations 
were received from various friends of the Academy and from Mr. George P. 
MeNear, a complete set of the 10 volumes of L’Echange, a rare entomological 
journal published in Paris. 


1262 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4TH SER. 


During a part of the year the curator was fortunate in having the help of 
Mr. J. O. Martin. This made possible the mounting and labelling of all 
material secured during the year and of much that had accumulated during 
previous years. 


One gratifying feature of the Academy activities directly related to the 
Department of Entomology was the publication of 17 papers on the entomolog- 
ical results of the 1921 Expedition to the Gulf of California. These papers 
already fill 388 pages of the Academy Proceedings and enumerate 710 species 
and subspecies, of which 284 are new to science. Two other completed papers 
now await publication and there are several groups of insects still to be studied 
including the balance of the Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera, the 
Neuropteroid insects and a few Diptera. 


Another interesting feature of the work of this department is the growth of 
the collection of type specimens of insects. These now number 1383 holotypes 
and allotypes and include the holotypes of probably 800 or more species of 
insects. Unfortunately the types of most of our western insects have been 
taken by commercial collectors and sold to eastern museums where they are 
quite inaccessible to western students. This condition is quite paralleled by 
that formerly existing in the east where so large a proportion of the species 
were sent to Eruope in earlier years and now the student of eastern insects 
must cross the Atlantic to examine the types of many of his species, an under- 
taking comparable to the trip to the east required of our western students. 
In both cases it is a serious handicap to entomological work. The feeling 
formerly existing that most serious entomological work is done in the east and 
therefore the types should be preserved there, no longer holds good. The Cali- 
fornia Academy of Sciences is doing its part in supplying storage facilities, as 
safe as they can be made, and in encouraging the placing of the types of western 
insects in western museums where they will be of most service to science. It is 
to be hoped that in time a broader view of the field on American entomology 
will induce eastern workers to place the types of western species that may come 
into their hands in western museums where they will be accessible to workers 
in that fauna. 

Epwarp P. VAN DuzEE, Curaior 


' DEPARTMENT OF EXHIBITS 


As all of the space for large habitat groups is occupied, the work in the 
exhibition halls is necessarily confined to the installation, in the panels between 
the large ones, of more of the smaller groups. Four of the latter have been 
installed during the year by the chief taxidermist, Mr. Frank Tose, as follows: 
Ring-tailed Cat (Bassariscus astutus raptor); Allied Kangaroo Rat (Ditodomys 
merriami simiolus), Burrowing Owl (Speotyto cunicularia hypogea), and Sierra 
Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel (Callospermophilus chrysodetrus chrysodeirus). 
Two panels were arranged to display seal skins in successive stages of prepara- 
tion. 

In addition to this work three additional portable groups for school use have 
been arranged, and construction begun upon others. There is constant demand 
for these groups, and more will be constructed as opportunity presents. 


Vot. XII] EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1923 1263 


Mr. Tose has also done some exchange work with other departments, such 
as: the installation of the group of Northern Elephant Seal (Macrorhinus 
angustirostris) in the Steinhart Aquarium, the making of casts of a huge turtle 
for the Department of Herpetology, and the tanning of a number of large 
mammal skins, many of which really belonged in the Department of Mam- 
malogy. 


Material for this department has been received as follows: By exploration, 
41 specimens. By gift: John McLaren, 1; W. M. Phillips, 2; J.S. Scupham, 2. 
By purchase: 3 specimens. 


JosErpH MAImLuiarD, Curator. 


DEPARTMENT OF HERPETOLOGY 


At the beginning of the year 1923 the Academy’s collection of reptiles and 
amphibians numbered 51,006 specimens. There have been added during the 
year 2132 specimens, so that the collection has grown to 53,138 specimens. 


The number of specimens added during each of the past six years has been 
about as follows: In 1918, 1724 specimens; in 1919, 2666; in 1920, 1466; in 
1921, 5002; in 1922, 4934; and in 1923, 2132 specimens. 


Gifts of specimens during the year have been received as follows: From 
Frank Arundell, 4 specimens; H. L. Mason, 1; Prof. H. M. Hall, 14; Steinhart 
Aquarium, 44; J. L. Hitchcock, 1; L. M. Klauber, 213; S. F. International 
Fish Co., 1; H. P. Losing, 1; Mrs. E. C. Sutliffe, 1; Don P. Johnston, 1; Frank 
Stevens, 3; Dr. L. A. Draper, 1; and Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, 32. 


Specimens have been secured from 12 counties of California, as follows: 
Imperial, 24 specimens; Lake, 1; Los Angeles, 4; Marin, 1; Orange, 29; River- 
side, 86; San Diego, 448; San Luis Obispo, 11; Santa Barbara, 12; Sonoma, 1; 
Tuolumne, 15; and Ventura, 38. 

Specimens from other localities are: Alabama, 1 specimen; Arizona, 21; 
Florida, 5; Indiana, 4; Iowa, 1; Michigan, 1; New York, 23; North Carolina, 6; 
Texas, 4; Utah, 1; Washington, 207; Africa, 2; Asiatic Russia, 2; Australia, 
101; Bonaire Island, 3; Brazil, 2; China, 45; India, 1; Japan, 4; Mexico, 
856; Pacific Ocean, coast of Calif., 1; Philippine Islands, 170; South America, 
1; West Indies, 3. 


Descriptions of five new species and subspecies of snakes from Mexico and 
Asia were published in the year. 


Through the courtesy of Professors Alfonso L. Herrera and José Maria 
Gallegos, the Curator and Assistant Curator, in the early summer were the 
guests of the Mexican Government on an expedition to the San Pedro Martir 
Mountains in northern Lower California. During the period of preparation 
for this expedition to the mountains collections were made in San Diego, 
Imperial, Orange, Riverside, and Los Angeles counties, California, and on the 
Todos Santos Islands in Lower California. This field work resulted in 1327 


specimens of reptiles and amphibians, of which four snakes were new to 
science. 


Joun Van DENBuURGH, Curator. 


1264 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES _ [Proc. 47H SER. 


DEPARTMENT OF INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 


At the close of 1922, Mr. Frank M. Anderson and the curator were busily 
engaged in the task of preparing a report on the Eocene invertebrates found 
at the type locality of the Tejon Group in Kern County, California. The work 
was finished early in the year and the paper awaits an opportunity for publi- 
cation. It is one of the most comprehensive papers thus far prepared in the 
department. 

The completion of this task cleared the way for Mr. Anderson to proceed 
with his studies of the paleontology of Colombia, South America, and reports 
on the large collections which were donated to the Academy were in course of 
preparation at the end of the year. 

When the work on the Tejon Eocene was finished the curator began to devote 
such time as he was free from routine duties to the study of the fossil micro- 
organisms of the western sediments. In May an arrangement was made with 
the Pacific Oil Company and its associates whereby half-time was devoted to 
the microscopical study of sediments from its oil wells and the application of 
the information thus obtained to economic problems. The remainder of his 
time was devoted to purely Academy duty or research. The arrangement 
proved very satisfactory to all concerned. A full time assistant was provided 
by the company. Mr. Roy T. Hazard filled the position until he returned to 
the University of California in August. He was followed by Mr. H. L. Driver 
who continued to the end of the year. All work was done in the laboratories 
of the Academy. In a few months it resulted in the accumulation of a very 
large collection of microscopical material. New equipment was installed and 
methods of study devised which greatly facilitated the work. The department 
became an exceedingly busy place and is now the headquarters for such work 
in the west. Students and professors of both neighboring Universities sought 
and were given assistance on a great many occasions. 

The reduction of Academy time and expense of the curator through the above 
mentioned arrangement permitted the employment of a full time assistant in 
the Academy work and the return to the general fund of a considerable part 
of the original expense appropriation allotted to the department. Mr. Merle 
C. Israelsky filled the position of assistant very creditably and much valuable 
work was accomplished during the remainder of the year. 

From time to time Mr. William Barbat was temporarily employed in the 
department and he completed most satisfactorily the arrangement of the vast 
collection of Gulf of California marine shells. This collection is now stored in 
such a way that it is readily accessible in any part. Dr. Fred Baker of Point 
Loma, California, continued his studies of the collection but the final report 
may not be expected before the close of 1924, owing to the huge task which 
confronts him. 

The field work which was carried on was largely in connection with micro- 
scopical studies but considerable collections of higher organisms were obtained 
at various places in California. The Academy was put to practically no ex- 
pense in this connection. 

Two accessions during the year deserve special mention. Three hundred 
species of named fossils from Europe were obtained in exchange for minerals 
from Mr. R. W. Wilke of Palo Alto, California. A very large and accurately 


Vot. XII] EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1923 1265 


labelled collection of California fossils consisting of many thousand specimens 
was donated by the Southern Pacific Company. 

Outstanding loans of material for scientific study from the department at 
the close of the year were as follows: 

Professor Bruce L. Clark, University of California, Berkeley, Fossil mollusks 
from the Tertiary; Dr. Mary J. Rathbun, U.S. National Museum, Washington, 
D. C., Fossil crustaceans from Western Teritiary; Dr. Paul Bartsch, U. S. 
National Museum, Washington, D. C., Marine shells from the Galapagos 
Islands; and Mr. Donald Hughes, Stanford University, Pleistocene Foramini- 
fera from Lomitas, California. 

G. Dattas Hanna, Curator. 


LIBRARY 


Work in the library of the Academy during the year 1923 was largely of a 
routine nature. All books received were accessioned, cataloged and properly 
shelved, and periodicals and exchanges were collated and arranged on the 
shelves with the series to which they belong. The task of collating and arrang- 
ing the accumulated material pertaining to Education, Engineering, Astronomy 
Meteorology, Physics and a few related subjects, was completed, thus placing 
the collection of material in the lower library room in shape for convenient 
use. 

During the summer a considerable number of duplicate volumes in the 
library storeroom was transferred to the library of the Steinhart Aquarium 
as a loan, where it will be of service in strengthening the library facilities 
of that department of the Academy’s activities. 

The total number of volumes added during the year was 357, of which 44 
were secured by purchase, 251 by exchange for the publications of the Academy, 
39 were added through subscription to scientific serials and 23 were received 
by gift. This enumeration does not include pamphlets and excerpts of which 
many were received, mostly as gifts. It is gratifying to note that the Academy 
is now receiving regularly its exchanges from nearly all countries in the war 
zone, including Russia, these receipts embracing most or all the back numbers 
issued since their interruption in 1914. 

Use of the library by the Academy staff has increased during the past year 
as has that by the general membership. More use has also been made of the 
privilege of inter-library loans which has materially supplemented the resources 
of the Academy library. 

As during the preceding year the work in the library has been done by Mrs. 
Helen Van Duzee with some assistance during the later weeks of the year from 
Mr. Dean Burk, both of whom have rendered efficient service. 


Epwarp P. VAN DuzEE, Assistant Librarian. 


DEPARTMENT OF MAMMALOGY 


Work in this department is carried on in conjunction with that of the Depart- 
ment of Ornithology and by the curator of the latter, so that the field work 
covers the same territory in both cases. 

When the present curator took charge, there was a large accumulation of 
unprepared osteological specimens, for which there had been no means or time to 


1266 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


put in proper condition for preservation. Steam-heated apparatus has been 
installed upon the roof of the Museum building, and the assistant curator, 
Miss McLellan, has been devoting her energies during the last part of the year 
to the preparation of these specimens and with most satisfactory results. 

There has been also on hand a number of unprepared hides of large mammals. 
These have been carefully tanned by Frank Tose, of the Department of 
Exhibits, and are now stored in their proper place. 

The present curator and assistant curator have had their time so occupied 
as to be unable to finish the identifying and proper labelling of all the speci- 
mens in the mammalogical collection, but this work is carried on as time 
permits and is well under way. 

Accessions to the collection have been as follows: By exploration, 171 speci- 
mens. By gift: John Cebrian, 1; H. Walton Clark and William J. Martin, 28; 
California State Department of Agriculture, 1; Mrs. Kleupfer, 1; Miss Sarah 
Lindsay, 1; Dr. Homer Righetti, 1; Francis A. Smith, 11; W. M. Phillips, 3; 
Steinhart Aquarium, 2; U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, 3. By purchase, 48 suecy 
mens. Specimens in the collection now number 4426. 


JosEPpH MAILLiarD, Curator. 


DEPARTMENT OF ORNITHOLOGY 


Excellent progress can be reported from this department for the year 1923. 
All of the cataloging and card-indexing has been brought up-to-date by the 
assistant curator, Miss M. E. McLellan, who has also completed the mounting 
and arranging of the egg collection. 

Field work has received as much attention as the funds allotted to the 
department would allow, and included a week’s trip in early April to Potholes, 
Imperial County, California, by the curator, accompanied by Mr. Frank Tose 
as assistant and Dr. Barton Warren Evermann and Mr. E. P. Van Duzee; 
continuous field work from April 26 to June 25, with R. J. Woods as a student 
assistant, and with car and camp equipment, in Shasta, Lassen, and Modoc 
counties; work conducted at points in Butte and Lassen counties, from August 
27 to September 30; and a few days at the end of the year at Inverness, Marin 
County, California, as the guest of Mr. and Mrs. Hugh B. Logan. Observa- 
tions were carried on and specimens were secured at all the places visited. 

The collections of the department have been made use of by students of 
ornithology, and school teachers take advantage of the loan collection of birds 
for use in their classes. 

Accessions to the collections have been as follows: Bird skins:—By explo- 
ration, 464 specimens. By gift: Wallace Adams, 111; California Fish and Game 
Commission, 1; John Cebrian, 1; I. B. Connett, 1; E. C. Counter, Jr., 1; Dr. 
E. Goodman, 1; Joseph Mailliard, 3; Ignatius McGuire, 1; John McLaren, 2; 
W. M. Phillips, 3; E. G. Schmiedell, 1; M. J. Smith, 1; Earl B. Snyder, 1; 
C. A. Westenberg, 1. The total number of specimens on hand at the end of 
the year 1923 is 39,931, an increase of 593 over last year’s total. 

Nests and birds’ eggs have been received, as follows: By exploration, 7 
specimens. By gift: A. P. Christoffersen, 36; H. J. Grauerhalz, 1; Mrs. Lucy 
M. Zoberbier, 1. 

JoserH Mariiarp, Curator. 


Vor. XITj EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1923 1267 


STEINHART AQUARIUM 


The Steinhart Aquarium opened its doors to the public September 29, 1923, 

The 85 exhibition tanks have all been stocked, maintained, and kept reason- 
ably clean. The several thousands of animals have been regularly fed and 
cared for, and the building has been kept open to the public every day,—in- 
cluding Sundays and all holidays, from 10 a. m. until 5 p. m. 

On January 1, 1924, there were on exhibition a total of 8,046 animals repre- 
senting 177 species. These are divided among the animal kingdom as follows: 
7891 fishes, 75 turtles, 35 snakes, 4 alligators, 12 frogs, 5 fur seals, 2 Steller 
sea lions, 2 California sea lions, 1 leopard seal, 1 canvas-back duck. Not 
included in the above total are a number of invertebrates, among them being 
200 crabs, starfish, sea urchins, hermit crabs, etc. The mortality list numbers 
334 fishes, which is not excessive. Most of these dead specimens have been 
preserved and form the nucleus of a study collection. 

The 16 tanks of tropical fishes from the Hawaiian Islands constitute one of 
the most popular exhibits in the Aquarium. There are now 226 of these fishes 
representing 51 species. This number will soon be increased. One of the most 
satisfactory exhibits is the five tanks of Golden Trout from the Kern River 
region. All of the known species of Golden Trout are shown, also the Kern 
River trout, Salmo gilberti. Of the 141 golden trout placed in the exhibition 
tanks July 31, only three small ones have died. 

In the normal salt-water tanks the brilliantly-colored Garibaldis (Hypsypops 
rubicundus) form a very attractive exhibit. They share the popular attention, 
however, with the large California pipefish, leopard sharks, emybro skates and 
electric rays. There are 407 specimens of fish in the 16 tanks of normal salt- 
water, representing 45 different species. 

The exhibits have been acquired in three different ways:—(1) collected by 
members of the Aquarium staff; (2) purchased outright; (3) received as gifts. 
The greater number have been acquired in the first manner. The Steller Sea 
Lions, California Sea Lions, Leopard Seals, and a few turtles, snakes and frogs 
have been purchased. The fur seals were obtained through the courtesy of the 
United States Bureau of Fisheries. Gifts are numerous. Among those who 
have donated specimens of special value may be mentioned the following: 

California Fish and Game Commission through Mr. W. H. Shebley, a large 
number of trout and other fishes; the Nevada State Fish and Game Commis-” 
sion, 110 albino eastern brook trout; and the New York Aquarium, nine horse- 
shoe crabs. There were many other donations. 

The number of invertebrates in the tanks is still comparatively small, con- 
sisting of about 220 crabs of several species, a few chitons, sea urchins and 
starfish, and at present, one octopus. It is hoped to increase the number and 
add more delicate forms as the tanks become thoroughly leached out and 
ripened. The invertebrates are apparently more susceptible to lime and 
mineral salts from the cement and pipes than vertebrates are and it will be 
some months before these delicate forms can be kept in the tanks without 
considerable loss. 

In addition to the large indoor exhibition tanks there are 20 balanced 
aquariums, and provision has been made to increase this number to 40. The 
10 large balanced aquariums around the planted area were all arranged 


1268 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES _— [Proc. 47H Ser, 


planted, and their contents donated to the Steinhart Aquarium, by the 
amateur aquarists of San Francisco, a prize having been offered for the most 
attractive aquarium and a second prize for the best assemblage of fishes in a 
single tank. 

The central feature in the building is the swamp. This has proved to be an 
object of unusual interest to visitors. At the present time, in addition to a 
considerable number of plants and vines, it contains 35 snakes, 4 alligators, 
75 turtles, frogs and toads, and 300 fishes of which about 150 are the mosquito 
fish (Gambusia affinis). 

Through the courtesy of the California State Fish and Game Commission 
we have been enabled to keep a supply of young fish in the hatchery. On 
January 8 a number of dog salmon eggs were placed in the hatchery and were 
objects of great interest to the visitors. Owing, however, to the eggs being 
immature when taken, they did not hatch. It is intended soon to add some 
jars to the equipment and to hatch out not only salmon and trout but shad 
and other anadromous fishes. 

On October 9, through the courtesy of the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, four 
two-year old male fur seals were received at the Aquarium from the Pribilof 
Islands. They were at once placed in the big central pool and some live carp 
were given to them. The seals immediately captured the carp and began to 
feed, Since that time we have had very little difficulty in the matter of feed- 
ing. On November 29 four two-year-old female fur seals were received from 
the same source. One refused to eat and died within a few days. Two of the 
first lot also sickened and died. A careful autopsy showed that death was 
due to perforation of the alimentary canal caused by a small round worm. 
The remaining five were treated with a vermifuge with apparently good 
success, as they are now in good condition, feed freely, and show no evidence 
of internal parasites. It is interesting to note that they consistently refuse 
fresh salmon for food. They prefer herring, anchovies or sardines to any other 
kinds of fish, and will usually refuse a fish if it has been beheaded or sliced. 
They take octopus and squid freely. 

In the east one of the out-door pools we have had since the opening of the 
Aquarium a fine yearling Leopard or Harbor Seal, captured in San Francisco 
Bay by some fishermen. For some months it was kept at the Paladini Whole- 
sale Fish Market on Clay Street. The doors of this market were wide open 
and there was nothing to prevent the seal from returning to the bay, but it 
made no effort to escape, evidently preferring the atmosphere of the fish 
market. 

On September 12, 1923, two fine California Sea Lions, one of each sex, were 
purchased from Mr. Will Winston, of Pacific Grove. They are believed to be 
about one year or eighteen months old, were secured at Santa Barbara, Cali- 
fornia, and arrived in good condition. They keep in excellent health, and 
form a lively and interesting addition to the exhibits. 

On December 13, 1923, two fine yearling male and female Steller Sea Lions 
were purchased from Mr. G. M. McGuire of Santa Barbara. They arrived in 
good condition and were at once placed in the pool with the California Sea 
Lions. They are of much heavier build and much less active than the Cali- 
fornia Sea Lions. They feed freely on all kinds of fish and have remained in 
good condition. 


Vor. XITJ EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1923 1269 


= 


The Library at present contains 610 bound books and perhaps a thousand 
pamphlets, almost all being a loan from the Academy library. Practically all 
of these publications relate to Marine Biology. ; 

The Laboratory, although not yet equipped, is being utilized to some extent 
and forms the meeting place of the thriving San Francisco Aquarium Society 
of 75 members which meets regularly on the first Thursday evening of each 
month. 

As at present constituted, the personnel of the Aquarium, exclusive of the 
four members of Academy staff on part time, numbers fifteen people, viz.:— 
one superintendent; one assistant superintendent; one aquarist; one collector; 
one carpenter; three feeders and attendants; three engineers; two janitors; 
one door attendant; and one relief man. This seems a large number, but it is 
as few as the institution can be operated with efficiently. The machinery and 
pumps at the Aquarium have to run all the time, night and day, making it 
necessary to have three shifts of engineers. In order that each one may have 
one day off in seven a relief man is necessary. It is a pleasure to commend 
the work of the Aquarium employees and to note the cheerfulness and effic- 
iency with which their work has been performed. 


ALVIN SEALE, Superintendent. 


ACCESSIONS TO MUSEUM AND LIBRARY 


Adams, Wallace, Steinhart Aquarium: Assortment of artificial eyes and 7 lbs. 
arsenical soap and 1 lb. arsenic; The Osprey, Vol. 5, No. 3, January and 
February, 1901; 111 bird skins from Mexico; 5 separates from the United 
States Geological Survey Professional Papers. Gift. 

American Museum of Natural History, New York City: Three lizards from 
West Indies. Exchange. 


Anderson, Mrs, Eric, Shasta Springs: Two California plants. Gift. 

Anderson, Frank, Berkeley: California State Mining Bureau, Bulletin No. 10, 
first edition. Large collection of Tertiary and Cretaceous fossils from 
Colombia, South America; collection of living shells from Panama Bay; 
four specimens of foraminiferal shale from Southern California. Gift. 

Anderson, Mrs. S. A., 2604 Etna Street, Berkeley, California: 21 insects from 
Colombia. Gift. 

Arboretum, Arnold, Jamaica Plain, Mass.: Three hundred and ten specimens 
of North American plants; Zabel collection, 41 specimens, European and 
exotic. Exchange. 

Arundell, Frank, Fillmore, Calif.: Two lizards, Phrynosoma hernandesi A 
female, and Phrynosoma platyrhinos, from Arizona. Gift. 

Australian Museum, Sydney, N. S. W.: One hundred and one specimens of 
reptiles and amphibians from Australia. Exchange. 

Baker, Dr. Fred, Point Loma: Four species of marine mollusks from Hawaii; 
20 land and freshwater shells from Java, China, and Costa Rica. Gift. 
Three specimens, Succinea lauta Gld., from Japan. Exchange. 


Barbour, Dr. Thomas, Cambridge, Mass.: Three lizards from China. Ex- 
change. 


Bassett, F. W., Jonesville: Twenty-four California plants. Gift. 


1270 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H SER. 


Behrens, Miss Bertha T., 958 Haight Street, San Francisco: One California 
plant. Gift. 

Berry, Dr. $. S., Redlands: Sixty-six land and freshwater shells from western 
North America (10 species, including paratypes of three species). Gift. 

Bethel, Ellsworth, State Building, Denver, Colorado: 283 California plants, 
70 specimens mounted; 33 specimens unmounted. Gift. 

Thirty-seven California plants, Exchange. 

Billings, F. H., Redlands, California: 26 specimens of California plants. 
Gift. 

Blair, Duke, Skagg: Seven specimens of Realgar. Gift. 

Blaisdell, Dr. Frank E., 1520 Lake Street, San Francisco: 362 insects, mostly 
from Mt. Hermon, California; U. S. D. A. Farmer’s Bulletins Nos. 1286 
and 1249; U.S. D. A. Year Book 1922; 120 pamphlets. Gift. 

Blazic, Antone, 630 Parkman Avenue, Los Angeles: One plant from Massa- 
chusetts; 93 specimens southern California exotics. Gift. 

Bliss, Mrs., Tahoe City: Three California plants. Gift. 

Bowman, C. W., San Francisco: One Alaska parka. Gift. 

Boyd, Miss Louise, San Rafael: One botanical specimen from King’s Moun- 
tain. Gift. ‘ 

British Museum, London, England: Two frogs from Philippine Islands. 
Exchange. 

Bush, R. E., Georgetown: One California plant. Gift. 

Calif. Academy of Sciences Expedition to Galapagos Islands (1905-1906): 
Two hundred and forty-five land shells (sixty-three lots) including types 
of fourteen described species and five undescribed subspecies. Explora- 
tion. 

Gulf of California Expedition, 1921: Collection of marine mollusks number- 
ing approximately 100,000 specimens. Collection of fossil shells number- 
ing about 1,000 specimens. Exploration. 

California Department of Agriculture, San Francisco: One Paradoxurus sp. 
in flesh, from Cebu, Philippine Islands. Gift. 

California Fish and Game Commission, San Francisco, California: One 
Fulica americana (albino), in flesh, from Santa Cruz County, California. 
Gift. 

Cebrian, John C., 1801 Octavia Street, San Francisco: One Scapanus sp. 
(no data); one fan of Egret feathers; one Gorgonian Coral. Gift. 

Christoffersen, A., San Francisco: 36 bird eggs from Sea Lion Rock, Pribilof 
Islands; 24 botanical specimens and photographs from St. Paul Island, 
Alaska; 125 insects from St. Paul Island, Alaska. Gift. 

Clark, H. Walton, California Academy of Sciences: Four freshwater Pelecy- 
poda; one Microtus in flesh; 27 skulls from San Mateo County. Gift. 

Comstock, Dr. John A., Southwest Museum, Los Angeles, California: One 
rare moth (Hemuileuca brust) from California. Gift. 

Cornett, I. B., Los Batios: One mounted specimen of Philacte canagica, from 
Los Baftos. Gift. 


Vor. X11] EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1923 1271 


Cornwall, Ira. E., Quarantine Station, Williams Head, Victoria, B. C.: Seven 
Barnacles from British Columbia; one Barnacle from Humpback Whale. 
Gift. ; 

Cramsie, Mrs. J. E., Smartsville, California: 12 California plants. Gift. 

Daring, W. L., U. S. Forest Service: One California plant. Gift. 

De Graw, Mrs., Auberry: One plant from Fresno County. Gift. 

d’Eilbert, W. D., Willows: One plant from Butte County. Gift. 

Dodds, Clifford, Ventura, California: 1241 insects from Los Mochas, Mexico. 
Gift. 

Dodds, C. T., University of California, Berkeley: One thousand insects from 
Sinaloa, Mexico. Exchange. 


Dolter, Carl, Monterey, California: One specimen Haliotis kamtschatkana, 
Monterey, California. Gift. 


Donahoe, Mrs. Joseph, Menlo Park: Two botanical specimens from Menlo 
Park. Gift. 


Eastwood, Miss Alice, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco: U.S. 

Department of Agriculture Year-book, 1913 to 1918 (six books); three 
land snails from northern California; 12 California plants. Gift. 
100 Ostracods from Yosemite; 400 specimens of plants from Del Norte 
County; 121 specimens of plants from Siskiyou and Shasta Counties; 41 
specimens of plants from Humboldt County; 45 specimens of plants from 
Mt. St. Helena; 53 specimens of plants from Yosemite; 96 specimens of 
plants from Ensenada, Mexico; 44 specimens exotics from Santa Barbara; 
56 specimens from Pt. Reyes; 14 specimens from Los Angeles; 24 speci- 
mens from Mt. Hamilton and Mt. Diablo; 36 specimens from Shasta 
Springs; 16 specimens from Yreka and vicinity. Exploration. 

Erwin, Richard P., Boise, Idaho: Three small rattlesnakes from X-ray Gulch, 
five miles east of Boise, Idaho; one large rattlesnake from Indian Creek, 
about 20 miles south of Boise, Idaho; one gopher-snake taken at Kuna 
Cave, five miles south of Kuna, Idaho; five rattlesnakes from Snake River 
at Swan Falls, Ada Co., Idaho. Gift. 


Evermann, Dr. Barton Warren, California Academy of Sciences: Six books; 
one botanical specimen from Amaknak Island, Alaska. Gift. 
Three sets (6 eggs) Auriparus flaviceps flaviceps, from Imperial County. 
Exploration. 

Fenn, Mrs. R. W. Lindsay: One botanical specimen from Lindsay, Tulare 
County. Gift. 

Fields, W. S., Ferry Building, San Francisco: One botanical specimen from 
Japan. Gift. 

Fleming, George, San Diego: Six native plants from San Diego. Gift. 

Fouke Fur Co., St. Louis, Mo.: Three fur-seal skins, one of them showing 
natural condition of skin before removal of hair, after dressing, and after 
dyeing. Gift. 

Fox, C. L., San Francisco: Two land snails from Sequoia National Forest. 
Gift. 


1272 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc 47H Ser, 


Fox, C. L., 1621 Vallejo Street, San Francisco: 619 insects, mostly from Cali- 
fornia. Gift. 


Gaylord, E. G., Hanna, Dr. G. D. Menke, J. G., Pacific Oil Company, San 
Francisco: Lot of Maricopa shale. Gift. 

Goodman, Dr. E., San Francisco: One Phalaropus fulicarius, in flesh, from 
San Mateo County, California. Gift. 

Goodrich, Calvin, Toledo, Ohio: Forty-one specimens, representing six species 
of freshwater Gastropoda. Exchange. 

Goudkoff, Paul P., Bakersfield: Two specimens Cardium meekianum. Gift. 

Grant, Miss Adele L., Cornell University, Ithaca, New York: 14 California 
plants. Gift. 

Grauerholz, H. J. San Francisco: Nest of Cinclus mexicanus unicolor, from 
Humboldt County. Gift. 

Grevecoeur, Onaga, Kansas: 1541 beetles from Kansas, 900 purchased, 641 
presented. Gift and Purchase. 

Griffin, Miss Alice, Glen Ellen: One botanical specimen from Sonoma County. 
Gift. 


Haley, Mr. and Mrs. George, San Francisco: One botanical specimen from 
St. Paul Island. Gift. 


Hall, Prof. H. M., Berkeley:. Fourteen frogs from California. Gift. 

Hallawell, Harry E., Market Street, San Francisco: One cultivated plant, for 
determination. Gift. 

Hanna, Dr. G. Dallas, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco: United 
States National Museum, Bulletin 62; University of Michigan, University 
Bulletin, New Series, Volume 15, No. 15; University of Michigan, Occas- 
ional papers of the Museum of Zoology, No. 137; 18 pamphlets. Gift. 

Hanna, Marcus A., Department of Geology, University of Washington, 
Seattle, Washington: A large collection of mollusks from Pyramid Lake, 
Nevada, consisting of several thousand specimens of two species which 
are apparently confined to that body of water; fifteen freshwater snails 
from six miles east of Ensenada, Lower California. Gift. 

Hanscome, Russel, 848 Clayton Street, San Francisco: One plant from Marin 
County. Gift. 

Hart, Cecil, Los Angeles: Thirteen weeds from Los Angeles and 40 other 
plants from southern California. Gift. 

Hazard, William, Hallawell Seed Company, San Francisco: One cultivated 
plant. Gift. : 

Hercules Powder Co., San Francisco: One tooth of fossil mammoth found in 
San Diego County, California. Gift. 

Hitchcock, J. L., San Francisco: One rattlesnake from Lake County. Gift. 

Holladay, Edmund Burke, Pasadena: Four volumes, including old numbers 
of the Academy’s publications, and two photographs. Gift. 

Hunt, Miss Clara A., St. Helena: Seven plants from St. Helena. Gift. 

Jackson, Miss Belle R., San Rafael: Four California plants. Gift. 

Jeffers, Le Roy, New York: Four books. Gift. 


Vor. XITJ EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1923 1273 


Jones, Mr. Frank P., Wilmington, Delaware: 44 insects, mostly from Texas 
and Arizona. Gift. 

Jones, Miss Katherine D., Berkeley: One botanical specimen, exotic, culti- 
vated in California. Gift. 

Johnston, Don P., Okeechobee, Florida: One rattlesnake from Florida. Gift. 

Johnston, E. C., Lawrence, Kansas: Fourteen botanical specimens from 
Akutan, Alaska. Gift. 

Jordan, Dr. David Starr, Stanford University: One slab fossil fish, and one 
sample diatomaceous earth from Lompoc. Gift. 

Kelley, Mrs. G. Earle, Alameda: One botanical specimen from Porterville 
and 14 other California plants. Gift. 

Kennedy, C. H., Ohio State University: 228 dragon-flies, mostly from Cali- 
fornia. Gift. 

Keys, Miss Jennie G., Sacramento: One California plant. Gift. 

King, Miss M. Alice, Placerville: Fifty California plants. Gift. 

Kingsley, E. S., San Francisco: One Indian mortar and two pestles. Gift. 

Kinsey, Dr. A. C., University of Indiana, Bloomington, Indiana: 114 gall- 
flies and their galls. Gift. 

Klauber, L. M., San Diego: 23 salamanders from New York State, and 108 
salamanders from San Diego County. Gift. 

Klein, Miss Marie G., San Francisco: One California plant. Gift. 

Kleupfer, Mrs., San Francisco: One Callithrix leucopus, in flesh, from Panama. 
Gift. 

Kneiss, Karl E., San Francisco: Five echinoid tests, and 156 molluscan shells. 
Gift. 

Knobel, Miss Louise, Hope, Arkansas: 182 insects, from Arkansas. Purchase. 

Kusche, J. A. Montebello: 1322 insects from Solomon Islands. Purchase. 

Leach, E. R., Piedmont: 149 insects from California. Gift. 

Lindsay, Miss Sarah, 159 Ninth Avenue, San Francisco: One Calhithrix 
leucopus in flesh. Gift. 


Little, Luther, South Pasadena: Five land shells from Riverside County, 
Gift. 


Losing, H. P., Mobile, Alabama. One snake from Alabama. Gift. 


Mailliard, Joseph, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco: A large 
and valuable collection of freshwater shells from Eagle Lake, 150 specimens 
of land and freshwater shells from northern California, and one song 
sparrow from Marin County. Gift. 

Accessory materials for Oregon Ground Squirrel and Lewis Woodpecker 
groups; one red-breasted sapsucker nest from Modoc County; 152 bird 
skins from Butte, Lassen, Modoc, and Tehama counties; 200 freshwater 
mollusks from Lassen County; 68 mammal skins and skulls from Butte, 
Lassen, and Modoc counties; one Thryomanes bewicki spilurus, in flesh, 
from San Francisco; 75 bird skins and 32 mammal skins from Imperial 
County; 176 bird skins and 36 mammal skins, and 28 mammal skins and 
skulls from Modoc County; three sets of eggs and two nests from Modoc 


1274 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. 


County; one nest of White-headed Woodpecker from Lassen County; 47 
bird skins from Modoc and Lassen counties; two nests of Marsh Wren 
from Lassen County; 16 mammal skins from Modoc and Lassen counties; 
one set eggs from Modoc County. Exploration. 

Marshall, Byron C., Imboden, Arkansas: 148 beetles, from Arkansas. Gift. 

Martin, Bruce: 93 insects from Colombia, South America. Gift. 

Martin, J. O., California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco: 719 insects, 
mostly from California, including types of seven of his new species of 
beetles; 14 freshwater shells from Mt. Diablo. Gift. 

Martin, Wm. J., Steinhart Aquarium, San Francisco: Six specimens of fossil 
shells from 12 miles west of Petaluma. Gift. 

Mason, H. L., Stanford University: One toad from California. Gift. 

McGuire, Ignatius, San Francisco: One Thryomanes bewicki spilurus, in flesh, 
from San Francisco. Gift. 

McKelwey, Mrs. Charles W., Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Mass.: 189 
botanical specimens from Rocky Mountains and New England. Gift. 

McKenzie, Mrs. E. R., San Luis Obispo: Four California plants. Gift. 

McLaren, John, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco: One specimen of Buteo 
borealis calurus in flesh; one Macropus rufus in flesh, from Golden Gate 
Park; specimens of three Australian plants; one specimen of Mustela 
zanthogenys munda in flesh, from Golden Gate Park; one skunk in flesh, 
from Golden Gate Park; one Ardea herodias hyperonca, in flesh, from 
Golden Gate Park; one specimen of Odocoileus virginianus macrourus 
fawn, from Golden Gate Park; and one Chenopsis atrata in flesh, from 
San Francisco. Gift. 

McLellan, Miss Mary E., San Francisco: Fourteen specimens Fluminicola 
from Jonesville, Butte County. Exploration. 

Meiere, Mrs. Ernest, Los Altos, California: One plant for determination. 
Gift. 

Menzies, Robert, San Rafael: Four cultivated plants from Marin County. 
Gift. 

Merriam, Dr. C. Hart, Lagunitas, California: Four specimens of California 
plants. Gift. 

Michael, Mrs. Enid, Yosemite, California: 13 botanical specimens from 
Yosemite. Gift. 

Miller, Robert C., Department of Zoology, University of California: One vial 
alcoholic specimens of Teredo nivalis. Gift. 

Mitchell, Mrs. H. M., San Francisco: Twenty California plants. Gift. 

Munz, Philip A., Pomona College, Claremont: 14 specimens of California wild 
flowers. Exchange. 

Museum of Natural History, Leiden, Holland: Four salamanders from Japan. 
Exchange. 

Nijgh & Van Ditmar, Rotterdam, Holland: One book, Modern Holland. 
Gift. 

Norton, A., Pacific Grove: One botanical specimen from Monterey. Gift. 


Vor. XII] EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1923 1275 


Ogle, Alva E., Ornbaun: One Bassariscus astutus raptor, female, in flesh. 
Purchase. 

Orpet, E. O., Park Superintendent, Santa Barbara: Two California plants. 
Gift. 

Pack, Herbert J., Logan, Utah: One toad from Utah. Exchange. 

Peters, Herman, San Rafael: 360 insects from Australia. Gift. 

Peers, Miss Susie M., San Francisco: Current issues of Science. Gift. 

Peterson, A., San Francisco: Indian pestle from near Austin Creek, Duncan 
Mills, Sonoma County. Gift. 

Phillips, Warren, Golden Gate Park Warden: One Accipiter cooperi and one 
Accipiter velox, in flesh. Gift. 

Ping, Professor, C., Nanking, China: 11 snakes from China. Exchange. 

Pomona College, Pomona: 122 botanical specimens from Nicaragua, collected 
by C. F. Baker, and 106 from southern California, collected by P. A. Munz 
and Ivan Johnston. Exchange. 

Pope, Dr. Saxton, San Francisco: One book, “Hunting with the Bow and 
Arrow,” by Saxton Pope. Gift. 

Purdy, Carl, Ukiah: Two California plants. Gift. 

Putnam, P. G., Pullman, Washington: 34 salamanders, 41 frogs, 3 lizards, 
1 snake, 42 toads, and 3 turtles. Purchase. 

Raphael, Miss T. V., Worth Hotel, San Francisco: Five California plants. 
Gift. 

Raven, Miss Gertrude, Tomales: Three California plants. Gift. 

Reagan, Albert B., Cornfields, Arizona: One land shell from Cornfields, 
Arizona, and nine land shells from the Mogollon Mountains, Arizona. 
Gift. 

Redfern, C. M., 52 Shoreview Avenue, San Francisco: Two exotic plants for 
identification. Gift. 

Reed, C. A., Santa Cruz: One California plant. Gift. 

Renner, Otto, Paso Robles: Six California plants. Gift. 

Rhodes, Captain H. W., Berkeley: Nine books. Gift. 

Richards, Mrs. J. E., San Jose: botanicalspecimen. Gift. 

Ricksecker, Mrs. H. E., 1683 Eighth Avenue, San Francisco: 183 insects from 
Oakland and Cisco. Gift. 

Righetti, Dr. Homer, 818 Shreve Building, 210 Post Street, San Francisco: 
One Ursus sp., skull, from Alaska. Gift. 

Rixford, Dr. Emmet, 1795 California Street, San Francisco: Two specimens 
of California plants and three fossil shells from Wildhorse Canon, Monte- 
rey County, collected by Jack Copley for Mrs. Edward Dowd of Monte- 
rey. Gift. 

Rixford, G. P., San Francisco: Five specimens of exotic plants cultivated in 
California. Gift. 

Robertson, G. D., Los Angeles: One specimen Turritella uvasana from San 
Clemente Cafion, San Diego County. Gift. 


1276 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. 


Rodda, Mrs. A. F., San Francisco: Forty-one plants from Utah. Gift. 

Rose, Alexander, Rose’s Nursery, San Francisco: One exotic plant. Gift. 

Ruddock, George T., Berkeley: One botanical specimen from Montana. Gift. 

Ryan, C. A., Monterey: Six specimens Ostrea lurida, from Quaternary de- 
posits, two miles east from Castorville. Gift. 

San Francisco International Fish Co., San Francisco: One leather-back turtle 
(Dermochelys schlegelii), caught off Santa Cruz. Gift. 

Sessons, Miss Kate O., San Diego: One California plant and specimens of a 
rare acacia from San Diego. Gift. 

Schmiedell, E. G., 203 California Street, San Francisco: One Circus hudsonicus, 
in flesh, from Solano County. Gift. 

Scupham, J. R., Oakland: One adult and one young Didelphis virginiana, 
in flesh, from Alameda County. Gift. 

Shell Company of California, San Francisco: 125 fossils from Peru. Gift. 

Skinner, Kenneth, Brooklands Estate Office, Weybridge, England: 13 sets of 
bird eggs. Exchange. 

Slevin, J. R., California Academy of Sciences: One botanical specimen from 
Montana and one California plant. Gift. 40 land shells from Todos 
Santos Island, Lower California, and 136 insects from Lower California, 
mostly from San Pedro Martir Mountains. Exploration. 

Slevin, Louis, Carmel: 509 insects from California, mostly from Monterey 
County. Gift. 

Snyder, Earl B., Ornbaun: One Pygmy Owl, in flesh, from Ornbaun. Gift. 

Smith, C. Piper, San Jose: Duplicate of type specimen of a Lupinus. Gift. 

Smith, Miss Emily S., San Jose: Three California plants. Gift. 

Smith, Francis A. (through Dr. David Starr Jordan), Kin Jo Ri, Koksan, 
Korea: Six skins and five skulls of wild boar from Korea. Gift. 

Smith, Mrs. M. J., 501 Irving Street, San Francisco: One mounted specimen 
of Eulabes religiosa, from India. Gift. 

Southern Pacific Company, Geological Department, San Francisco: Twelve 
boxes of fossils and 11 boxes of rock. Gift. 

Stacey, J. W., Golden West Hotel, San Francisco: 11 botanical specimens 
from California localities. Gift. 

Steinbeck, W. P., Stockton: 38 California plants. Gift. 

Steinhart Aquarium, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco: One Phoca richardi 
geronimensts, juvenile, in flesh: 38 salamanders and one toad from Wash- 
ington; one skull of Callorhinus alascanus, from the Pribilof Islands, from 
the male that died in the Aquarium Dec. 14, 1923. Gift. 

Stephens, Frank, San Diego: Three snakes from San Diego County. Gift. 
Two boxes pine bark, material for California Woodpecker Group; three im- 
mature desert wood rats, and accessory materials for woodrat group; four 
Dipodomys from San Diego County, in flesh; 34 mammal skins from San 
Diego County; three skins of Fox Sparrow; two specimens of Taxidea 
taxus neglecta, with skulls, from San Diego County; seven mammal skins 
and skulls from Riverside and San Bernardino counties. Purchase. 


Vor. XII) EVERMANN—DIRECTOR’S REPORT FOR 1923 1277 


Stephens, Mrs. Kate, San Diego: Eleven species of fossils from Claiborne 
Eocene. Gift. 


Stow, Mrs. Vanderlyn, San Francisco: Nest of Vespa fernalkt. Gift. 


Strecker, John K., Waco, Texas: 548 reptiles and amphibians from south- 
eastern United States and Australia. Exchange. 


Sutliffe, Mrs. E. C., San Francisco: Nine California plants; one lizard from 
Marin County, one snake skin from Alameda Creek, and one rattlesnake 
skin. Gift. 


Swingle, Dr. Walter T., Indio: One botanical specimen from Indio. Gift. 
1178 Chinese plants. Exchange. 


Thew, Miss Susan P., Exeter: One California plant. Gift. 


Tieje, Dr. Arthur S., Los Angeles: Five specimens of diatomaceous earth from 
Sierra Vista, Los Angeles County. Gift. 


Tose, Frank, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco: Seven birds 
from San Mateo County; five specimens of Speotyto cunicularia hypogea, 
from Berkeley, two specimens of Cztellus beecheyi beecheyi, from Berkeley, 
three birds from Berkeley, one Microtus from San Francisco, one Sciurus 
niger rufiventer, in flesh, from San Francisco, and one example of Citellus 
beecheyi beecheyi, in flesh, from Alameda County. Exploration. 


U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, Washington, D. C.: Two skeletons and one skull 
of Callorhinus alascanus from Pribilof Islands. Gift. 


U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.: 850 botanical specimens. 
Exchange. 


Van Denburgh, Dr. John, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco: 75 
freshwater Gastropods and 50 freshwater Pelecypods from Los Gatos. 
Gift. : 

85 nests of common birds, without accompanying sets of eggs and 18 bird 
skins, common species. Exchange. 


Van Duzee, E. P., California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco: Eight 

specimens of plants from southern California. Gift. 
4630 insects, as follows: 1516 from Yuma, Arizona and Potholes, Cali- 
fornia; 150 from Mt. Diablo; 41 from Mill Valley; 2467 from Ensenada, 
Lower California; San Diego County, and Mill Creek Canon; 135 from 
Huntington Lake; 321 from Pittsburg, and 200 land shells from Utah, 
collected in the summer of 1922. Exploration. 

Van Duzee, Mrs. Helen, San Francisco: One book. Gift. 

Walter, Frank, San Diego: One exotic botanical specimen from San Diego. 
Gift. 

Walther, Eric, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco: 46 insects from the Golden 
Gate Park; 113 exotic plants from Santa Barbara; 20 exotic plants from 
Monterey; 320 botanical specimens, exotics, cultivated in California; and 
120 cultivated plants from Golden Gate Park. Gift. 

Westenberg, C.A., 1128 Benvenue Avenue, Berkeley (through H. V. Redmond, 


3030 Benvenue Avenue, Berkeley): One Ara macao, in flesh, from Mexico. 
Gift. 


1278 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [PRoc. 47H Ser, 


Wicks, Miss Ethel, San Francisco: One California plant. Gift. 
Wilke, R. M. Palo Alto: Collection of 300 named species of European fossils. 
Exchange. 


Woodrum, J. H., 2038 Ellis Street, San Francisco: Image found in a bag of 
coffee sent from Brazil to Hills Brothers, San Francisco, in 1923. Gum 
from New Zealand. Jade (New Zealand Store) from New Zealand, used 
by Aborigines in making war implements. Gift. 

Wright, Mrs. Elizabeth, Calistoga: One California plant. Gift. 

Wright, Miss Elizabeth C., Mono Lake, Calistoga, California: Eight speci- 
mens. Gift. 

Wynd, F. Lyle, Eugene, Oregon: Three Oregon plants. Gift. 


Zoberbier, Mrs. Lucy M., San Francisco: One Rhea egg from Argentine Re- 
public. Gift. 


Vot. XIT] McALLISTER—TREASURER’S REPORT FOR 1923 


FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 


REPORT OF THE TREASURER 
for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1924 


April 1, 1923, Balance due Crocker National Bank............ 


Receipts 
TES Ree Pena eine eae TN eM iaia ie ean ats $ 3,862 
Charles Crocker Scientific Fund Endowment In- 

COME A CPA seep O MP Tlce ts akaieck cliche euaiels 1,335 
James Lick Endowment Income................ 53,732. 
Generallncom enw sin se mninntteraie sis alae s 17,602. 
John W. Hendrie Endowment Income........... 900. 
WES) Dreasuny| Certificates snes: ase sel: 2,997. 
ITT Rao Cm ecm R ae Oe ROSIE ROP CCR Te 563. 
Bills Receivable, Ignatz Steinhart Trust......... 119,000. 
Ignatz Steinhart Trust Interest................ 2,826. 
Ducks of the World Donation.................. 160. 
JD iGrant; Donation acsearle ce 279. 
Alaska Fur Seal Motion Pictures (Fouke Fur Com- 

SDE RANI) EuNle eae cet gto AOE W SMnG OIG BIDE RECR OSA ENG 290. 
Wild Life Protection Fund.................... 350. 
Wie Gio Wrantedte INebaGls ooo Gocco mdcoD Ge OoCo oH 43. 
Bulblicationsins senses eee ae oa eae 404. 
Sundry Refuma selves ine cieteusiay niepeetepusielelenciel vigecet 268. 
EVI LTR eee eum aera pe eaten in ml GAN iia aan 353. 
Syeraclny AGCowiss SocecasvoosouodoouducKdenaue 89. 
IPostiGardiSales eng seee taeda iccayaiavs os ereucrtua isos 1,192. 


1279 


$ 2,249.90 


$206 , 251.36 


$204,001.46 


1280 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 


[Proc. 47TH SER, 


REPORT OF THE TREASURER—Continued 


Expenditures 
EXPeNSes tip cuier eee OE Eee $ 2,668.04 
Salary Expense (general)...................... 18,022.82 
BillsiPayablere icine ace error ca eae ee ee 10,000.00 
Tnsurances sc ache cae ee ee ee 2,023.75 
Umber estis avctni vinnie ee sero NC RE CCE 15,255.53 
Museum Department Appropriations........... 8 481.35 
Museum Department Salaries.................. 13,995.00 
Teabramyin aire ese a star chi tL 8 Le REA Ne 1,307.12 
Dues} Reftnded aro arn seen ie 5 ails a eA rain eee 20.00 
Publications se vinanen mcmama il siet neal inert 2,699.35 
Office Burniturese saan eee reece 50.00 
Steinhart Aquarium Construction.............. 99 890.49 
Steinhart Aquarium Equipment................ 17,773.77 
Steinhart Aquarium Revolving Fund............ 5,000.00 
Antelopet Rundi a aem nia acre eur eua tre 8.76 
Alaska Fur Seal Motion Pictures............... 290.00 
Wild Life Protection Fund.................... 208.20 
Tools and Equipment............ eT ceca ae Aickoes 294 .02 
Loan to Sperry Flour Company................ 5,000.00 
SOiNGiny AGCOMMIB. socsccocdoantasnosobenaosasos 502.41 
Sundry |Creditorsiaaaviasmncis cto eee oe eee 3,838.34 
Continzentyitind eae eee en eae 570.48 
$207 ,899 .43 
March 31, 1924, Balance due the Crocker National Bank....... $ 3,897.97 


M. Hatt McALLisTER, Treasurer. 


Examined and found correct, 
McLaren, GoovE & Co., Certified Public Accountants. 
San Francisco, Calif., April 26, 1924. 


Vox. XIT] McALLISTER—TREASURER’S REPORT FOR 1923 


INCOME AND OPERATING EXPENSES 


1281 


For the Fiscal Year, April 1, 1923 to March 31, 1924 


Income: 
Charles Crocker Scientific Fund Endowment 


James Lick Endowment Income..........-- 
General Income! ss s-eeseee + secre eo 


Interest from Temporary Investments. ..... 
Profit on Post Card Sales............----- 


Motalancomeme mere sitchen 


Expenditures: 
General Expense..........--------++--5:- $ 1,821.63 
SEES co cdocesooesede dedacaduCoe a6.0 oom 32 444.18 
Interest on Mortgage...........++.----5+- 15,255.53 


WhiGUIENAEES oo co Co ob SaoDUaR Ada DDebOCODOONS 2,023.75 
Total Expenditures..............- 


Net Income Transferred to Surplus Account. 


$ 1,335. 
53,732. 
17,602. 

3,862. 
561. 
49 


424 


$ 77,517. 


$ 51,545. 


$ 25,972. 


13 
24 
20 
25 
41 


72 


09 


63 


1282 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 


SUMMARY OF SURPLUS ACCOUNT 


March 31, 1924 
Balances Marchesiltel923menmeeeee mnie 


Additions: 
Net Income for Fiscal Year................ 
Donations: 
Ducksioh theswWorldinri secrecy 
Accounts Transferred to Surplus by Resolu- 
tion of Board of Trustees, dated January 


$ 25,972.63 


200.00 


28, 1924: 
Wi Bs Bourne icoskcircsie sie mas kes aa 2,659.31 
Wranr.b iCrockersciiani ccs, a cies 8,342.26 
Herbert Fleishhacker>................ 4,000.00 
HDi iGrantiemoecereroca sae asece tee 2,990.27 
ANKE Macomberrey. sasctacie nar save cee 3,500.00 
John W. Mailliard.................... 1,250.00 
Ogden) MillsReeeee ere Aitorne Sao 5,000.00 
Win Ca VanvAntwenpheceneenaaeaeeee 5,120.00 
Total Additions to Surplus........ 
Deductions: 
Depreciation: 
Oficeshurnituresaee secre eee eee $ 271.22 
Commercial Building................. 10,336.37 
Miuseumiis uilding ieee seers 3,840.51 
Storage! Cases ew aaciereneseiveraeire 229.70 
Tools and Equipment................. 391.04 


Surplus, March 31, 1924................... 


[PRoc, 4TH SER, 


$371,683.00 


$ 59,034.47 


$430,717.47 


$ 15,068.84 


$415 , 648.63 


Vot. XII] McALLISTER—TREASURER’S REPORT FOR 1923 


IGNATZ STEINHART TRUST 


March 31, 1924 


Amount of Fund: 
Bequest from the Ignatz Steinhart Estate... 
Interest on Temporary Investments........ 


Disposition of Fund: 
Steinhart Aquarium Construction.......... 
Steinhart Aquarium Equipment............ 
Temporary Investments: 
BillssReceivables eee cee eieiae 
Revolvingshtind ns ee eee ae ese 


$263,315.69 
22,092.45 


16,000.00 
5,000.00 


Due Calif. Acad. Sciences, Funds Tempo- 
tarily Advanced to Steinhart Trust 


$ 1,432.49 


1283 


$250,000.00 
54,975.65 


$304,975.65 


$306 408. 14 


$304,975.65 


1284 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc, 47H Ser, 


BALANCE SHEET 


March 31, 1924 


Assets 
Property: 
Real Estate, 831-833 Market Street...... $600 , 000.00 
Real Estate, Jessie Street................ 8,083.65 


Commercial Building, 831-833 Market St.. 516,818.66 
————_ $1, 124,902.31 
Museum, Golden Gate Park: 


(Construction er eee ae ee $192 025.92 
General Collections................. 137,912.17 
Library and Equipment............. 74,412.38 
Tools and Equipment............... 28,556.73 
ONaseS IMBAONTEERD, 50 65n5nbc5050006 3,874.64 
——— _ $ 436,790.84 
Investment Securities................... 20,600.00 
Ignatz Steinhart Trust: 
BillssReceivablemsnc-aer eer eee $ 16,000.00 
Aquarium Construction............. 263,315.69 
Aquarium Equipment............... 22,092.45 
Aquarium Revolving Fund.......... 5,000.00 
Total Trust Investment and Cash $ 306,408.14 
‘Current Assets: 
OfficelCashehin dae ae neneee $ 186.20 
Notes Receivable, Sperry Flour Co.... 5,000.00 
Accounts Receivable: 
Ignatz Steinhart Trust Fund......... 1,432.49 
UN dRyaACCOUNLSH erence ee 168.25 
Post Cards in Stock (for sale)............ 1,731.83 — 
iHorcionylexchangenn enna Aerie 36.84 


$ 8,555.61 


$1,897 , 256.90 


Vot. XII] McALLISTER—TREASURER’S REPORT FOR 1923 


BALANCE SHEET—Continued 


Liabilities 
Endowments: 
James Lick Endowment................- $804 902.31 
Charles Crocker Endowment............. 20,000.00 
John W. Hendrie Endowment............ 13 ,600.00 
lienatzsStembharteinusta ise rire $250,000.00 
Ignatz Steinhart Trust Interest.............. 54,975.65 
Due California Academy of Sciences, Funds 
Temporarily used in Construction....... 1,432.49 


Alvord Bequest, Botanical............ Sian! 
John W. Hendrie Endowment Income......... 
Wives Ga Wirakeing Ietanls . ooo ccecseucenodconenoc 
Wild Life Protection Fund................... 
Ducks of the World Fund................... 
LByills PARA woe dedlemoonoseseuscodpboneEOS 
Reserve for Depreciation...................- 
uindinys Creditorspa reste meliemr cir elerie 
Crocker National Bank (overdraft)........... 
SADC Aig Soo cae b Doma dom Uloweem ane Seeab-ocs 


$ 838,502. 


$ 306,408. 


5,000. 
2,700. 
113. 
141. 
100. 
260,000. 
59,837. 
4,907. 
3,897. 
415,648. 


$1,897,256. 


W. W. SARGEANT, 
Secretary, Board of Trustees. 


1285 


14 


00 
00 
20 
80 
00 
00 
34 
51 
97 
63 


90 


We have examined the foregoing Balance Sheet, together with the books 
and accounts of the CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, and, in our opinion, 
it is properly drawn up so as to exhibit a true and correct view of the Academy's 


affairs, as shown by the books. 


McLaren, GoodE & Co., 


Certified Public Accountants. 


San Francisco, Calif., 
April 26, 1924. 


INDEX TO VOLUME XII, FOURTH SERIES 


abbreviata, Prionitis, 785 
abdominalis, Glaucina, 114 
Abronia maritima, 964, 1019 
absoluta, Gayenna, 661 
absolutum, Oxyopeidon, 676 
absolutus, Horodromus, 654 
Abutilon lemmoni, 1089 
Abutilon nuttallii, 1090 
Abutilon palmeri, 1090 
Acacia, 1032 
Acacia californica, 963, 1030 
cymbispina, 1030 
farnesiana, 1030 
filicioides, 1031 
greggii, 1031 
sonorensis, 1031 
willardiana, 963, 1032 
Acalypha californica, 1060 
Acanalonia puella, 194 
Acanthacex, 1167 
Acanthambrosia bryantii, 1194 
Acanthocephala granulosa, 131 
acanthophora, Enteromorpha, 715 
Acanthophysa echinata, 136 


Accessions to Museum and Library, 


1269 
Accipiter velox, 22 
Achyronychia cooperi, 1023 
acinacifolium, Sargassum, 732 
Acinopterus acuminatus, 186 
viridis, 186 
acroidalea, Grateloupia, 781 
Acrolophus, 122 
acrorhizophora, Chondria, 766 
Acrosticta mexicana, 476 
tepoce, 475 
actophilus, Oxyopes, 675 
Selenops, 655 
acuminata, 1010 
acuminatus, Acinopterus, 186 
acuta, Dreculacephala, 173 
adscensionis, Aristida, 982 
Adelia virgata, 1060 
adelphodonta, Megachile, 548 
adherens, Mentzelia, 1103 
Adiatum capillus-veneris, 980 
adonidum, Chrysomphalus, 318 
zneiventris, Agromyza, 478 
zqualis, Argoporis, 259 
ZEschynomene nivea, 1041 
/Ethus conformis, 125 
testudimatus, 125 
affinis, Physocephala, 469 
Heleodytes, 455 
Agallia tergata, 172 
Agapostemon angelicus, 537 
digueti, 539 
cyanozonus, 539 


nasutus, 537 
proscriptellus, 538 
purpureopictus, 538 
Agave, 1004 
Agave chrysoglossa, 998 
deserti, 996 
oweni, 999 
sleviniana, 1000 
sobria, 1001 
Agelaius caurinus, 23 
Agelena, 670 
Agelena nzvia, 670 
agnosticus, Psilochorus, 634 
Agromyza, 478 
Agromyza xneiventris, 478 
Aizoacex, 1022 
alamosanus, Ferocactus, 1110 
alamosensis, Rathbunia, 1119 
Alaska Hermit Thrush, 26 
Myrtle Warbler, 25 
alata, Horsfordia, 1092 
alaudinus, Passerculus, 24 
alba, Geron 313 
albicans, Asclepias, 1126 
Neomammillaria, 1113 
albicera, Stictiella, 432 
albicincta, Villa, 297 
albocinctus, Colletes, 533 
albicollaris, Villa, 296 
albiflora, Dudleya, 1029 
albifrons, Vanduzea, 169 
albipectus, Gelechia, 119 
albopilosus, Rhabdopselaphus, 313 
alboscripta, Empoasca, 187 
Allen, W. E., 437 
Allen Hummingbird, 22 
Allenrolfea occidentalis, 964, 1014 
alleni, Selasphorus, 22 
Algae, Marine. Bibliography, 788 
algarobiae, Colletes, 532 
Aligia amoena, 176 
Allionia incarnata, 1020 
Allograpta obliqua, 469 
alsidii, Goniotrichum, 741 
althezfolia, Proboscidea, 1167 
alutacea, Argoporis, 258 
alutaceus, Steriphanus, 220 
Amaranthacex, 1018 
Amaranthus fimbriatus, 1018 
watsoni, 965, 1018 
Amaryllidacez, 996 
ambigua, Spheralcea, 1094 
ambrosioides, Franseria, 1195 
Ambrysus hybridus, 167 
American Crossbill, 23 
Osprey, 22 
Sparrow Hawk, 22 


1288 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES  [Proc. 47m Ser. 


americana, Cuscuta, 1130 
Meromyza, 478 
Microvelia, 164 
Periplaneta, 321 
Waltheria, 1097 

americanum, 736 

americanus, Scirpus, 990 

Ammonitella yatesii, 44 

ammophilus, Pellenes, 689 

amnosus, Blapstinus, 272 

ameena, Aligia, 176 

amphibius, Pectimiunguis, 392 

Amphispiza deserticola, 455 

amplifolia, 1149 

amplissima, 760 

amplivesiculatum, Codium, 709 

amplum, 1077 

Anacampsis triangularis, 118 

Anacampta latiuscula, 474 

Anacardiacez, 1078 

Anachemmis sober, 668 

analis, Archytas 470 
Platymetopius 181 

analytica, Syspira, 663 

analyticum, Theridion, 637 

anastomosans, Codium, 711 

Anatheca elongata, 747 

anatum, Falco, 22, 455 

Anconia integra, 325 

Ancylosceles melanostoma, 83 

Anemopsis californica, 1005 

Anepsius angulatus, 244 
confluens, 243 

anepsius, Pellenes, 690 

angela, Yumates, 596 

angelata, Fernaldella, 114 

angelica, Cryptantha, 1143 

angelicum, Metoponium, 203 

angelicus, 1165 

angelicus, Agapostemor, 537 
Echocerus, 277 

angelorum, C£nothera, 1120 

angelus, Pellenes, 691 

angulata, Gypona, 176 

angulatus, Anepsius, 244 
Cryptadius, 210 

angulus, Lepidanthrax, 306 

angustatus, Harmostes, 135 

angustifolia, 981, 1093 

angustifolia, Cryptantha, 1145, 959 
Thryallis 1059 

angustifolium, Iresine, 1019 

angustiloba, Marihot, 1076 

angustus, 1009 

Anisacanthus thurberi, 1167 

Anisembia heymonsi, 346 
sini, 346 
texana, 345 
wheeleri, 346 

annulata, Pronotacantha, 136 


annulicornis, Gypona, 176 
annulicrus, Phlegyas, 139 
amnulipes, Euborellia, 320 
Lethocerus, 167 
anomala, Ccelopa, 470 
anomalus, Erax, 465 
antennina, Chetomorpha 713 
Anthidium lupinellum, 91 
productum, 92 
sonorense, 91 
Anthomyide, 425 
Anthophora curta, 79 
estebana, 81 
hololeuca, 82 
leucostomella, 80 
pachyodonta, 80 
phenax, 79 
xanthochlora, 80 
Antigonor leptopus, 1011 
Antirrhinum cyathiferum, 1159 
Anyphzna, 662 
Anyphena johnstoni, 662 
Apatolestes comastes, 458 
Aphalara mera, 199 
metzaria, 200 
nupera, 200 
punctellus, 199 
Apheebantus, 311 
Aphcebantus argentifrons, 310 
carbonarius, 310 
cervinus, 309 
desertus, 309 
marginatus, 310 
mus, 309 
pavidus, 309 
pellicudus, 309 
tardus, 309 
vulpecula, 309 
apicalis, Emmenides, 215 
apicedentatus, Spongovostox, 320 
apicula, Lordotus, 309 
apiculata, Brochymena, 126 
Apiomerus crassipes, 145 
Apis ligustica, 103 
Aplopappus arenarius, 956, 1191, 1190 
spinulosus, 1189 
Apocynacez, 1125 
Aquarium Personel, 1255 
Steinhart, Report, 1267 
Aranea detrimentosa, 649 
gemma, 648 
araneosus, Megasattus, 266 
arborescens, Franseria, 1195 
Gochnatia, 963, 1213 
arboricolus, Garypinus, 369 
arbuscula, Pseudosermyle, 323 
Arbutus peninsularis, 961 
Archytas analis, 470 
aterrima, 470 
Arctosa littoralis, 673 


Vou. XIT] 


Ardea sanctiluce, 454 
arenarioides, Drymaria, 1023 
arenarius, Aplopappus, 965, 1190, 1191 
arenicola, Villa, 294 
Arenivaga erratica, 322 
rehni, 321 
arenosa, Villa, 300 
Argemone mexicana, 1024 
platyceras, 1024 
argentata, Argiope, 646 
Indigofera, 1043 
Stictiella, 434 
argentifrons, Aphcebantus, 310 
argentipalpis, Diaphorus, 109 
argillaceus, Phelpsius, 185 
Argiope argentata, 646 
Argoporis equalis, 259 y 
alutacea, 258 
imconstans, 257 
labialis, 258 
longipes, 260 
Ariadna, 603 
Ariadna bicolor, 604 
philosopha, 606 
pragmatica, 606 
scholastica, 607 
arida, Exomalopsis, 83 
Passiflora, 1101 
ariditata, Villa, 295 
ariditatis, Chelanops, 380 
aridus, Astragalus, 1041 
aridus, Blapstinus, 270 
Aristida adscensionis, 982 
californica, 983 
Aristolochia brevipes, 1010, 965 
Aristolochiacez, 1010 
Aristotelia howardi, 117 
pulvera, 117 
arizone, Spizella, 24, 455 
arizonensis, Chelanops, 379 
Ericrocis 93 
Phidippus, 681 
arizonica, Euphorbia, 1064 
arizonicus, Coreocarpus, 1197 
arizonicus, Lupinus, 1045 
Arkansas Kingbird, 23 
armata, 'Glaucothea, 963, 991 
Lonchea, 428 
arno, Proctacanthus, 465 
asceticum, Magamyrmecion, 615 
_ Asclepiadacez, 1126 
Asclepias albicans, 1126 
leptopus, 1127 
subulata, 1128 
Ashmeadiella crassa, 558 
digiticauda, 557 
echinocerei, 555 
hematopoda, 555 
leucozona, 556 
microsoma, 556 


INDEX 1289 


4a 


rhodognatha, 557 
rufipes, 555 
schwarzi, 555 
subangusta, 558 
Ash-throated Flycatcher, 455 
asiatica, Melopelia, 454 
Asida cataline, 256 
connivens, 253 
divaricata, 255 
granicollis, 256 
parallela, 253 
terricola, 254 
Asilus, 467 
asininus, Hyleus, 530 
Asparagopsis sanfordiana, 760 
asperata, Centrioptera, 248 
asperatus, Edrotes, 241 
asperus, Psallus, 159 
assimilis, Gryllus, 339 
astarte, Villa, 300 
Aster frutescens, 961, 1192 
spinosus, 1192 
Astragalinus hesperophilus, 24 
salicamans, 24 
Astragalus aridus, 1041 
coulteri, 1041 
insularis, 1042 
astropurpureus, Phaseolus, 1048 
Asydates explanatus, 420 
Asyndesmus lewisi, 22 
Asyndetus brevimanus, 108 
disjunctus, 105 
singularis, 108 
terminalis, 106 
Atamisquea emarginata, 965, 961, 1026 
aterrima, Archytas, 470 
Atheas tristis 143 
atomisticus, Sergiolus, 610 
atramentata, Perdita, 96 
atripes, Centris, 75 
Exoprosopa, 291 
Atriplex barclayana, 965, 1014 
hymenelytra, 1016 
linearis, 1016 
polycarpa, 1016 
atriplicifolia, 1197 
Aufius impressicollis, 135 
augescens, Thelypteris, 981 
aurata, Microbembex, 436 
aurea, Ipomcena, 1133 
Perityle, 1203 
Sympetaleia, 1105 
Auriparus flaviceps, 455 
lamprocephalus, 456 
aurivillianus, Ligyrocoris, 139 
Avicennia nitida, 964, 1151 
axillaris, Spheralcea, 1095 
Ayenia pusilla, 1096 
aztecus, Hylzus, 530 


1290 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 


B—— 
Baccha clavata, 468 
Baccha lemur, 468 
Baccharis sarothroides, 1192 
Bacopa monniera, 1160 
bakeri, Bulimulus, 502 
ballandrata, Phasiane, 115 
balticus, Juncus, 996 
Band-tailed Pigeon, 22 
barbadense, Gossypium, 1090 
barbata, Bouteloua, 983 
barbatulus, 1045 
barbatus, Erax, 466 
barclayana, Atriplex, 965, 1014 
Barn Swallow, 24 
Barnes, Wm., 423 
Barnesia ritaria, 113 
Bartschella schumannii, 1108 
Baryplegma maculipennis, 473 
Batidacez, 1021 
Batis maritima, 964, 1021 
Battarrea digueti, 1216 
Bebbia juncea, 959, 1196 
Bees, The, 529 
beldingi, Nolina, 961 
bellula, Euaresta, 472 
bellum, Centroceras, 779 
Beloperone californica, 963, 1167 
Belted Kingfisher, Western, 22 
Bembicini, 429 
Bembix occidentalis, 436 
sayi, 436 
Benjamin, F. H., 423 
Berendtia taylori, 506 
Berginia virgata, 1168 
bicolor, Ariadna, 604 
Euscelis, 183 
Hynobius, 28 
Iridoprocne, 25 
bicorne, Ceramium, 773 
Bicyrtes tristis, 435 
variegata, 435 
bifurca, Cyclosa, 647 
bifurcata, Stictiella, 431 
bigelovii, Opuntia, 959, 1115 
Bignoniacez, 1166 
biguttulatus, Oncotylus, 157 
biloculare, Sapium, 1077 
binotata, Clastoptera, 168 
Bipes biporus, 967 
biporus, Bipes, 967 
Birds and Mammals of the Northern 
Coast of California in 1921, Field 
Work among the, 1 
Birds, The, 443 
bispinosus, Plectreurys, 586 
bivittatus, Menemerus, 679 
Black Petrel, 454 
Blackbird, California Brewer, 23 
Black-headed Grosbeak, Pacific, 24 


[Proc. 47TH Ser. 


Black-throated Gray Warbler, 25 
Blaisdell, Sr., Frank Ellsworth, 201, 
409 
Blapstinus amnosus, 272 
aridus, 270 
paradoxus, 271 
Blattella germanica, 321 
Blue Heron, San Lucas Great, 454 
Blue-footed Booby, 454 
Blue-fronted Jay, 23 
Boerhaavia caribza, 1020 
scandens, 1020 
Bombyliidz, 289 
Bombylius flavipilosa, 308 
bonplandiana, Salix, 1005 
Booby, Blue-footed, 454 
Brewster, 454 
Boraginacee, 1136 
boreale, Hoplosphyrum, 339 
borealis, Nuttallornis, 23 
Botany, 951 
Botany, Department of, 1258 
Bothriocera tinealis, 188 
Bourreria sonore, 1136 
Bouteloua barbata, 983 
repens, 983 
rothrockii, 983 
brachysoma, Megachile, 553 
brachystachum, Phoradendron, 1009 
brandegeei, Codium, 712 
Glaucothea, 961, 992 
Sargassum, 736 
brandegei, 1182 
brandegei, Brickellia, 1183 
_ Ditaxis, 962, 1062 
Echinocereus, 1109 
Gouinia, 985 
brasiletto, hematoxylon, 1040 
Braun, Annette F., 117 
brevicaulis, 1179 
brevicollis, Ranatra, 167 
brevicorne, Sphacelaria, 725 
brevicornis, Platycentrus, 171 
brevicornis, Trichochrous, 420 
brevimanus, Asyndetus, 108 
brevipes, 1006 
brevipes, Aristolochia, 1010, 965 
Houstonia, 1173 
Trigonotylus, 146 
brevis, Thyanta, 128 
brevispicata, Cordia, 1143 
Brewer Blackbird, California, 23 
Brewster Booby, 454 
brewsteri, Dendroica, 25 
Sula, 454 
Brickellia brandegei, 1183 
peninsularis, 1183 
Brochymena apiculata, 126 
tenebrosa, 126 
Bromeliacee, 995 


Vor. XII] 


brooksi, Passerculus, 24 
Brown Pelican, California, 454 
bryantii, Acanthambrosia, 1194 
Ectocarpus, 720 
Sargassum, 733 
Bubo saturatus, 22 
Buellia subalbula, 1217 
Buenoa carinata, 166 
bufo, Hysteropterum, 192 
buliafera, Eustala, 650 
Bulimulus, 484 
Bulimulus bakeri, 500 
ceralboensis, 490 
chamberlini, 494 
dentifer, 492 
inscendens, 502 
johnstoni, 491 
lamellifer, 495 
montezuma, 486 
rimatus, 495 
santacruzensis, 487 
slevini, 488 
sufflatus, 485 
verseyianus, 499 
ximenez, 497 
Bumelia occidentalis, 1122 
burrageana, Opuntia, 1115 
burragei, Fouquieria, 1098 
Bursera cerasifolia, 962, 1057 


microphylla, 963, 965, 1057 


thoifolia, 961, 965, 1058 
Burseracez, 1057 
Buteo calurus, 22 
Buxacezx, 1077 
Bythoscopus robustus, 173 


2S C= 


Cacama crepitans, 168 
dissimilis, 168 
Cactacez, 1108 
cactorum, Withius, 377 
Cactus Wren, San Lucas, 455 
Czsalpinia gracilis, 1036 
palmeri, 1036 
pannosa, 1036 
Calamacris mexicanus, 326 
California Brewer Blackbird, 23 
Brown Pelican, 454 
Linnet, 23 
Purple Finch, 23 
Quail, 22 
Yellow Warbler, 25 
californica, Acacia, 963, 1030 
Acalypha, 1060 
Anemopsis, 1005 
Aristida, 983 
Beloperone, 963, 1167 
Carlowrightia, 1168, 1169 
Colubrina, 1085 
Croton. 1061 


INDEX 


Euryopis, 636 
Janusia, 1058 
Lophortyx, 22 
Marpissa, 678 
Normia, 102 
Notholena, 980 
Perityle, 1203 
Ploiaria, 144 
Ruellia, 962, 1171 
Salvia, 961, 1150 
Scheepfia, 1010 
Trixis, 959, 1213 
californicum, Chorizomma, 670 
Phoradendron, 1008 
californicus, Carpodacus, 23 
Heliastus, 325 
Nysius, 137 
C£canthus, 340 
Pelicanus, 454 
Peromyscus, 1220 
Callithamnion endovagum, 771 
callognatha, Centris, 78 
callophila, Melissodes, 87 
Callophyllis johnstonii, 746 
Callymenia pertusa, 746 
Calothrix nidulans, 703 
nodulosa, 702 
Calotingis knighti, 141 
calurus, Buteo, 22 
calvanisticus, Zelotes, 623 
Calvatia occidentalis, 1216 
Calyptodera robusta, 150 
Camirus consocius, 124 
Campanulacee, 1182 
Camptoprospella verticalis, 472 
canadensis, Nemotelus, 459 
cancellatus, Hydroclathrus, 727 
cancriformis, Gasteracantha, 651 
candida, Gypona, 175 


a 


91 


Lysiloma, 962, 963, 965, 1033 


candidum, Metoponium, 202 
candidus, Parthenicus, 155 
canescens, 1088 
Coldenia, 1137 
Jatropha, 1075 
Krameria, 1029 
canities, Diguetia, 591 
Cape Verdin, 456 
capitalis, Zamelodia, 24 
capitata, Coulterella, 963, 1199 
capitellata, Euphorbia, 1065 
Capparidacee, 1026 
carbonarius, Aphcebantus, 310 
Cardinal, San Lucas, 455 
Cardinalis igneus, 455 
cardiophylla, G2nothera, 959, 1121 
Cardiospermum corindum, 1082 
halicacabum, 1083 
caribza, Boerhaavia, 1020 
Eleocharis, 990 


1292 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47m Ser. 


carinata, Buenoa, 166 
Carlowrightia californica, 1168, 1169 
fimbriata, 963 
pectinata, 1169 
carmenensis, Dendryphantes, 682 
Euphorbia, 1065 
carminis, Chelanops, 378 
Carnegiea gigantea, 1108 
carnosus, Gymnogongrus, 745 
carnosulus, Lygeus, 137 
carolinensis, Lycosa, 673 
Pandion, 22, 455 
Carpodacus californicus, 23 
frontalis, 23 
ruberrimus, 455 
Carychium from Vancouver Island, B. 
C., A New Species of, 51 
Carychium magnificum, 51 
Caryophyllacex, 1023 
Cassia confinis, 1037 
crotalarioides, 1037 
ceasta, Thyanta, 127 
castaneum, Telaponium, 209 
castaneus, Eupsophulus, 281 
Castela peninsularis, 963, 1056 
cataline, Asida, 256 
Emmenides, 216 
catalinensis, Pupoides, 514 
Cathartes septentrionalis, 22, 455 
catholicus, Zelotes, 622 
Catorhintha guttula, 134 
selector, 134 
caudata, Rhynchopteryx, 196 
caudatum, Ceramium, 776 
Caulerpa vanbossez, 704 
caurina, Ceryle, 22 
caurinus, Agelaius, 23 
Celastracez, 1082 
celer, Misumenops, 652 
Celosia floribunda, 962, 965, 1018 
Celtis levigata, 1006 
cembroides, Pinus, 961 
Cenchrus palmeri, 984 
pauciflorus, 983 
Centrioptera asperata, 248 
chamberlini, 246 
discreta, 249 
dulzure, 245 
pectoralis, 245 
planata, 250 
sculptiventris, 247 
seriata, 247 
spiculifera, 245 
subornata, 249 
variolosa, 250 
Centris atripes, 75 
callognatha, 78 
cockerelli, 77 
eisenti, 75 
resoluta, 76 


thodoleuca, 76 
thodopus, 75 
tiburonensis, 78 
trichosoma, 78 
vanduzeei, 75 
Centroceras bellum, 779 
clavulatum, 779 
Ceramium, 778 
bicorne, 773 
caudatum, 776 
fimbriatum, 777 
horridum, 777 
interruptum, 775 
johnstonii, 774 
procumbens, 772 
serpens, 775 
senicola, 773 
ceralboensis, Bulimulus, 490 
ceralbona, Nopsides, 602 
ceralbonus, Plectreurys, 588 
cerasifolia, Bursera, 962, 1057 
Ceraticelus nesiotes, 641 
Ceratina melanoptera, 543 
nanula, 542 
vanduzeei, 543 
Ceratophyllacee, 1024 
Ceratophyllum demersum, 1024 
Cercidium microphyllum, 965, 1037 
_ molle, 1038 
peninsulare, 1039 
preecox, 1039 
Cerenopus concolor, 261 
cribratus, 261 
ceroderma, Euphorbia, 1066 
cerralboa, Neomammillaria, 1113 
cervicorne, Codium, 712 
cervinus, Aphcebantus, 309 
Ceryle caurina, 22 
Cesonia classica, 619 
Chztomorpha antennina, 713 
Chetura vauxi, 22 
Chamberlin, Joseph C., 341, 353 
Chamberlin, Ralph V., 389, 561 
chamberlini, Bulimulus, 494 
chamberlini, Centrioptera, 246 
Euphorbia, 1066 
Ticida, 187 
Chamcea phea, 25 
Chariesterus cuspidatus, 133 
Chat, Long-tailed, 25 
chauvinii, Gigartina, 744 
Chelanops ariditatis, 380 
arizonensis, 379 
carminis, 378 
vanduzeei, 378 
vastitatis, 381 
. Chelifer geronimoensis, 373 
% hubbardi, 374 
ti lativittatus, 375 


Vor. X11] - INDEX 1293 


philipi, 374 clavulatum, Centroceras, 779 
sini, 375 Clematodes vanduzeei, 327 
Chelinidia tabulata, 133 cleonensis, Melospiza, 24 
Chemmis monisticus, 667- clevelandi, Nicotiana, 1155 
Chenopodiaceez, 1014 Penstemon, 1165 
chenopodina, 1202 Cliff Swallow, 24 
Chenopodium murale, i017 Cnidoscolus palmeri, 1060 
chera, Dendryphantes, 683 Coccide from about the Gulf of Cali- 
Chestnut-backed Chickadee, 25 fornia, 315 
Chickadee, Chestnut-backed, 25 Coccoloba goldmanii, 1011 
chilensis, Fagonia, 1049 Cockerell, T. D. A., 74, 529 
Prosopis, 959, 965, 1035 cockerelli, Centris, 77 
Chilometopon cribricolle, 230 Cochemiea poselgeri, 1108 
rugiceps, 229 codicola, Hydrocoleum, 701 
Chilops, 390 Codium anastomosans, 711 
chinensis, Simmondsia, 959, 963, 965, amplivesiculatum, 709 
1077 brandegeei, 712 
Chipping Sparrow, Western, 24, 455 cervicorne, 712 
Chiracanthium inclusum, 661 conjunctum, 706 
Chlamydatus suavis, 163 cuneatum, 708 
Chloris virgata, 984 longiramosum, 710 
Chlorochlamys, 113 reductum, 707 
Chlorochroa sayi, 127 simulans, 706 
Chlorogloea regularis, 698 tomentosum, 705 
chlorura, Oreospiza, 455 unilaterale, 710 
Chnoospora pacifica, 728 Coelioxys gonaspis, 560 
cholla, Opuntia, 965, 1115 menthe, 559 
Chondria acrorhizophora, 766 novomexicarra, 559 
Chorisoneura flavipennis, 322 tiburonensis, 559 
Chorizomma californicum, 670 Ceelocentrum, 506 
Chromolepida mexicana, 460 clavigeroi, 512 
chryseola, Wilsonia, 25 insulare, 509 
chrysoglossa, Agave, 998 irregulare, 508 
Chrysomphalus adonidum, 318 oweni, 511 
Chrysomyia macellaria, 470 vanduzeei, 508 
Chrysomyza demandata, 475 Ceelopa anomala, 470 
Chthonius johnstoni, 357 Ccelotes, 670 
Cimatlan delicatum, 151 cognata, Corimelena, 125 
cinctus, Euryophthalmus, 139 Colacodasya sinicola, 770 
cimerascens, Myiarchus, 455 Colaptes saturatior, 22 
cinerea, 1046 Coldenia canescens, 1137 
Piesma, 140 cuspidata, 1137 
cinerea, Villa, 299 palmeri, 959, 1141 
ciribe, Opuntia, 1116 plicata, 1143 
Citharexylum flabellifolium, 1152 Cole, Frank R., 289, 457 
Citharoceps, 607 coleoptrata, Scutigera, 399 
fidicina, 608 collaris, Trichochrous, 420, 409 
Cladophora hesperia, 713 Colletes albocinctus, 533 
Cladophoropsis robusta, 714 algarobie, 532 
clarifacies, Perdita, 98 Colletes mulegensis, 534 
classica, Cesonia, 619 perileucus, 535 
classifolia, Hofmeisteria, 965 profectus, 535 
Clastoptera binotata, 168 colorata, Phasiane, 115 
lenata, 168 Colpomenia sinuosa, 725, 726 
lineatocollis, 168 Colubrina californica, 1085 
clathratus, Hydroclathrus, 727 glabra, 1086 
clavata, Baccha, 468 Columba fasciata, 22 
clavellina, Opuntia, 1116 columbarius, Falco, 22 
clavigeroi, Coelocentrum, 512 columnaris, Fouquieria, 960 


clavis, Tarsonops, 600 comastes, Apatolestes, 458 


1294 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 


Combretacex, 1120 
Commelinacee, 995 
comonduensis, Opuntia, 1116 
complanata, Ramalina, 1218 
complexa, Sinea, 146 
Composite, 1183 
compressa, Enteromorpha, 716 
Compsonema immixtum, 724 
compta, Linnemyia, 470 
concinna, Stobera, 198 
concolor, Cerenopus, 261 

Lycosa, 672 
Condalia globosa, 1086 

lycioides, 1088 
condensata, Entocladia, 718 
confertiflora, Mohavea, 959, 1164 
confertum, Porophyllum, 1208 
confine, Pithecollobium, 961, 1034 
confinis, Cassia, 1037 
confluens, Anepsius, 243 
conformis, /Ethus, 125 
confusa, Sinea, 146 
congesta, 1130 
Conibius gagates, 275 

opacus, 273 

reflexus, 274 

ventralis, 274 
conjuncta, Estebania, 783 
conjunctum, Codium, 706 
connivens, Asida, 253 
Conobea intermedia, 1160 
Conops sylvosus, 469 


Conservation of Wild Life, Committee 


on, 1256 
consocius, Camirus, 124 
consors. Scaphoideus, 177 
contaminatus, Dendrocoris, 131 
contortus, Heteropogon, 985 
contracosta, Lymnza, 40 
contrerasi, Deltocephalus, 181 
conyergens, Trichochrous, 420 
Convolvulacez, 1130 
cooperi, Achyronychia, 1023 
Copestylum estebana, 468 
limbipennis, 468 
coquilleti, Erax, 465 
Saropogon, 464 
corallipes, @domerus, 331 
Corallopsis excavata, 756 
Corbicula gabbiana, 32 
cordata, Cucurbia, 1178 
Eucnide, 1103 
Cordia brevispicata, 1143 
Cordylecladia lemanzformis, 759 
Coreocarpus arizonicus, 1197 
dissectus, 965, 1198 
Corimelena cognata, 125 
corindum, Cardiospermum, 1082 
Corinna, 669 
epicureana, 669 


Corixa, 167 
Corizus hyalinus, 135 
lateralis, 135 
Parvicornis, 136 
pictipes, 135 
punctatus, 135 
side, 135 
coronata, Zonotrichia, 24 
coronatus, Eutettix, 184 
corticolens, Pellenes, 692 
corticolus, Garypinus, 366 
Corvus sinuatus, 23 
corymbifera, 761 
corymbosa, Cuscuta, 1130 
Corythucha gossypii, 140 
hispida, 140 
morrilli, 140 
costalis, Diacrita, 475 
Cosymbia serrulata, 113 
Coulterella capitata, 963, 1199 
coulteri, Astragalus, 1041 
coulteri, Guaiacum, 963, 1053 
Nama, 1135 
Spheralcea, 1094 
Coursetia grandulosa, 1042 
Coutarea pterosperma, 1173 
Craniotus pubescens, 242 
crassa, Ashmeadiella, 558 
crassifolia, Hofmeisteria, 1184 
Physalis, 1156 
crassifolium, 1211 
crassipes, Apiomerus, 145 
Crassulacee, 1029 
crenulata, Dictyota, 730 
Creontiades femoralis, 150 
crepidinis, Uloborus, 580 
crepitans, Cacama, 168 
Cressa truxillensis, 965, 1130 
cribrata, Stibia, 239 
cribratus, Cerenopus, 261 
cribricolle, Chilometopon, 230 
crispata, Gracilaria, 753 
croceus, Harmostes, 135 
crocina, Villa, 297 
Crossbill, American, 23 
Cross Sections of Sequoias, 1230 
crotalarioides, Cassia, 1037 
Croton californica, 1061 
magdalene, 1061 
Crucifere, 1025 
Cryptadius angulatus, 210 
sinuatus, 211 
tarsalis, 212 
Cryptantha angelica, 1143 
angustifolia, 959, 1145 
grayi, 1145, 1146 
maritima, 1146 
racemosa, 1147 
cryptocheta, 1145 
Cryptoglossa granulifera, 252 


[Proc. 471m Ser. 


Vor. XITJ 


Cryptoptilum hesperum, 339 
Ctenosaura hemilopha, 967 
Ctenus hybernalis, 660 
Cucurbia cordata, 1178 
Cucurbitacez, 1178 
Culiciodes, 458 
cuneatum, Codium, 708 
curta, Anthophora, 79 
curtesii, Polyporus, 1216 
curvatum, Pisidium, 36 
Cuscuta americana, 1130 
corymbosa, 1130 
leptantha, 1131 
umbellata, 1131 
veatchii, 962, 1132 
cuspidata, Coldenia, 1137 
cuspidatus, Chariesterus, 133 
Cyanocitta stelleri, 23 
cyanozonus, Agapostomon, 539 
Cyarda subfalcata, 195 
cyathiferum, Antirrhinum, 1159 
Cybaeus tardatus, 669 
Cyclosa bifurca, 647 
turbinata, 647 
walckenaeri, 647 
cyclostasa, Lemna, 995 
cylindrocarpum, Sargassum, 738 
cymbispina, Acacia, 1030 
cymotypa, Larinia, 649 
Cynanchum palmeri, 1128 
cynodon, Spherium, 35 
Cyperacez, 988 
Cyperus dioicus, 988 
ferax, 987 
levigatus, 990 
Cyrpoptus nebeculosus, 187 
Cyrtocarpa edulis, 963, 1078 


ee 


dactylifera, Ulva, 717 
danzantica, Segestria, 603 
danzantinus, Nyctunguis, 395 
Dascalia edax, 197 
Dasytastes sparsus, 421, 417 
Datura discolor, 1153 
davidsonii, Gossypium, 963, 1090 
debilis, Parietaria, 1008 
decens, Ccleus, 190 
decipiens, Paralimna, 478 
decompositum, Gelidium, 743 
deflatum, 1013 
deflexum, Eriogorum, 1011 
deformans, 726 

Xenococcus, 701 
delectus, Pellenes, 688 
delicatum, Cimatlan, 151 
Deltocephalus contrerasi, 181 

flavicosta, 181 

sonorus, 181 
deltoidea, Viguiera, 1202, 1201 


INDEX 


demandata, Chrysomyza, 475 
demersum, Ceratophyllum, 1024 
Dendroica brewsteri, 25 
hooveri, 25 
nigrescens, 25 
townsendi, 25 
Dendrocoris contaminatus, 131 
Dendryphantes carmenensis, 682 
chera, 683 
diplacis, 686 
imperialis, 681 
limbatus, 682 
melanomerus, 684 
zygoballoides, 685 
densa, Fagonia, 1052 
densiventris, Metopoloba, 231 
dentifer, Bulimulus, 492 
dentilobus, Mimulus, 1164 
denudatus, Hibiscus, 963, 1092 
Department Reports, 1258-1266 
Dermaptera, 319 
Dermocarpa, 700 
fucicola, 698 
marchante, 700 
reinschii, 699 
Desert Sparrow, 455 
deserti, Agave, 996 
deserticola, Amphispiza, 455 
desertus, Aphcebantus, 309 
Desmanthus fruticosus, 1033 
detrimentosa, Aranea, 649 
devia, Quercus, 961 
Diacrita costalis, 475 
Diadasia diminuta, 84 
petrinus, 84 
dialectica, Diguetia, 591 
Dianthidium ehrhorni, 89 
eiseni, 89 
platyurum, 90 
profugum, 90 
diaphana, Physa, 517 
Diaphorus argentipalpis, 109 
Diaspis echinocacti, 318 
Dichomeris mexicana, 120 
Dichromanassa rufescens, 454 
dickersoni, Mya, 32 
Dicliptera resupinata, 1169 
Dicranema rosaliz, 745 
Dictyna mulegensis, 582 
Dictyna parcita, 583 
secuta, 583 
volucripes, 581 
Dictyota crenulata, 730 
hesperia, 731 
johnstonii, 730 
Dicyphus disclusus, 152 
diffractus, 153 
difficilis, Empidonax, 23 
diffractus, Dicyphus, 153 
diffusa, Ericameria, 1191 


1295 


1296 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 


Digenea simplex, 769 
digitaria, Geron, 312 
digitatus, Multareis, 171 
digiticauda, Ashmeadiella, 557 
digueti, Agapostemon, 539 

Battarrea, 1216 
Diguetia canities, 591 

dialectica, 591 

stridulans, 590 
diguetianum, Phoradendron, 1008 
diguetii, Ferocactus, 1110 
diminuta, Diadasia, 84 
dioicus, Cyperus, 988 
Diphysa occidentalis, 1042 
diplacis, Dendryphantes, 686 
Diplopods, 390 


Diptera from the Islands and Adjacent 
Shores of the Gulf of California, 


457 
directa, Stictiella, 433 
disclusus, Dicyphus, 152 
discoidea, Halimeda, 704 
discolor, Datura, 1153 


Veatchia, 960, 962, 1079, 1081 


discorhina, Megachile, 549 
discreta, Centrioptera, 249 
disjunctus, Asyndetus, 105 
dissectus, Coreocarpus, 965, 1198 
dissimilis, Cacama, 168 
Steniolia, 429 
distans, 1008 
Distichlis palmeri, 984 
distichum, Paspalum, 986 
distincta, Rhagovelia, 164 
Ditaxis brandegei, 962, 1062 
lanceolata, 1063 
serrata, 1063 
divaricata, Asida, 255 
Larrea, 959, 963, 965, 1053 
Parosela, 965, 1046 
divaricata, Scythris, 121 
divaricatus, Pellenes, 688 
docilis, Phlepsius, 184 
Dodonza viscosa, 1083 
dogmaticus, Psilochorus, 633 
Dolichocysta obscura, 140 
dolosus, Pellenes, 688 
domestica, Musca, 470 
domesticus, Passer, 24 
Dove, Western Mourning, 22 
White-winged, 454 
Dreculacephala acuta, 173 
reticulata, 173 
Drasyllus, 626 
empiricus, 628 
Tationalis, 629 
Drymaria arenarioides, 1023 
holosteoides, 1023 
Dryobates gairdneri, 22 
harrisi, 22 


dubius, Misumenops, 653 

Duck Hawk, 22, 455 

Ducks, A Natural History of, 1230 
Dudleya albiflora, 1029 

dulce, Pithecollobium, 1035 
dulzurz, Centrioptera, 245 
dumosa, Franseria, 965, 959, 1195 
Dunn, E. R., 27 

durantifolia, Stemodia, 1166 
durus, Steriphanus, 224 

durvillzi, Padina, 729 

Dusky Horned Owl, 22 

Dward Hermit Thrush, 26 

Dwarf Savannah Sparrow, 24 
Dysdercus minus, 139 

Dyssodia speciosa, 1207 


Eastwood, Alice, 1260 
eastwoodiana, Jacquemontia, 962, 1133 
Ebenacexz, 1124 
Ebo mexicanus, 654 
ebracteatus, Samolus, 1122 
echinata, Acanthophysa, 136 
echinocacti, Diaspis, 318 
echinocerei, Ashmeadiella, 555 
Echinocereus, 1110 
brandegei, 1109 
Echinocereus engelmanni, 1109 
grandis, 1109 
scopulorum, 1109 
Echocerus angelicus, 277 
eclectica, Syspira, 664 
eclecticus, Nodocion, 613 
Ectocarpus, bryantii, 720 
gonodiodes, 721 
edax, Dascalia, 197 
Edrotes asperatus, 241 
mexicanus, 241 
edulis, Cyrtocarpa, 963, 1078 
Marsdenia, 1129 
effrena, Villa, 305 
Egret, Reddish, 454 
ehrhorni, Dianthidium, 89 
eisemii, Centris, 75 
Dianthidium, 89 
elaboratella, Gelechia, 119 
elegans, Pellenes, 688 
Sterna, 454 
Elegant Tern, 454 
Eleocharis caribza, 990 
Eleodes inflata, 261 
loretensis, 262 
terricola, 265 
vanduzeei, 264 
elongata, Anatheca, 747 
elongatus, Merotemnus, 280 
Elytraria squamosa, 1170 


emarginata, Atamisquza, 961, 965, 1026 


Emmenides apicalis, 215 


[Proc. 4ru Ser. 


—-— - 


Vor. XIT] INDEX 1297 


cataline, 216 erratica, Aranivaga, 322 
obsoletus, 216 Errazurizia megacarpa, 1042 
subdescalceatus, 213 eruca, Machzrocereus, 960 
emoryi, Hyptis, 959, 965, 1148, 1149 erudita, Perdita, 99 
Parosela, 959, 965, 1046 Eryngium nasturtiifolium, 1121 
Perityle, 959, 1205 erythrogaster, Hirundo, 24 
Empidonax difficilis, 23 Erythrotrichia polymorpha, 741 
trailli, 23 Escaria pallens, 423 
empiricus, Drassyllus, 628 i eschatologica, Erigone, 643 
Evagrus, 576 Esenbeckia flava, 1055 
Empoasca alboscripta, 187 estebana, Anthophora, 81 
viridescens, 187 Copestylum, 468 
Encelia farinosa, 965, 959, 1198 Megachile, 553 
palmeri, 1199 estebani, Steriphanus, 225 
Enchenopa minans 169 Estebania, 783 
permutata, 169 f conjuncta, 783 
endovagum, Callithamnion, 771 estebaniana, Laurencia, 763 
engelmanni, Echinocereus, 1109 esuriens, Volucella, 468 
English Sparrow, 24 Euaresta bellula, 472 
Engytatus geniculatus, 154 Euborellia annulipes, 320 
enotus, Flatoides, 197 Eucheuma johnstonii, 748 
Enteromorpha acanthophora, 715 uncinatum, 748 
compressa, 716 Eucnide cordata, 1103 
marchante, 716 Eupatorium sagittatum, 964, 1184 
prolifera, 715 Eupeodes volucris, 469 
tubulosa, 716 eupethesiaria, Glaucina, 114 
Entocladia condensata, 718 Euphagus minusculus, 23 
mexicana, 719 Euphorbia arizonica, 1064 
polysiphoniz, 718 capitellata, 1065 
Entomology, Department of, 1260 carmenensis, 1065 
Epeolus permixtus, 94 chamberlini, 1066 
Ephedra peninsularis, 962, 981 ceroderma, 1066 
Ephydra gracilis, 478 eriamtha, 963, 1067 
millbre, 477 hypericifolia, 1067 
viridis, 477 incerta, 1068 
epicureana, Corinna, 669 leucophylla, 964, 1068 
Epipactis gigantea, 1004 magdalene, 1068 
Erax, 466 misera, 1069 
anomalus, 465 pediculifera, 1070 
barbatus, 466 polycarpa, 1070, 1072 
coquilleti, 465 tomentulosa, 1074 
latrunculus, 466 xanti, 962, 1075 
productus, 466 Euphorbiacez, 1060 
unicolor, 466 Eupsophulus castaneus, 281 
erecta, Myrmecozela, 121 Euripelma, 579, 578 
erectus, Oncocephalus, 144 europza, Salicornia, 964, 1017 
eremicus, Peromyscus, 1220 Eurosta pallida, 472 


eremita, Exoprosopa, 290 
Lopidea, 154 
Tetragnatha, 645 

Eremopedes spinosa, 337 


Euryophthalmus cinctus, 139 
Euryopis californica, 636 
Eusattus puncticeps, 269 


eriantha, Euphorbia, 963, 1067 Euscelis bicolor, 183 

Ericameria diffusa, 1191 exitiosus, 183 

Ericrocis arizonemsis, 93 Eustala, 651 

Erigone eschatologica, 643 buliafera, 650 

Eriogonum deflexum, 1011 leuca, 650 
galioides, 1012 Eutettix coronatus, 184 
inflatum, 959, 1013 pulchellus, 184 
orcuttianum, 1013 strictus, 184 


erosus, Megasattus, 265 tenellus, 184 


Euthiscia signata, 193 
tuberculata, 193 
Euxesta notata, 474 
euzona, Nematurella, 33 
Eyagrus empiricus, 576 
josephus, 577 
pragmaticus, 576 
scepticus, 578 
Evermann, Dr. Barton Warren. Direc- 
tor of the Museum, 1232 
evermanniana, Neomammillaria, 1113 
exanimata, Micrarionata, 505 
excavata, Corallopsis, 756 
excelsus, Oliarus, 188 
Excentricus mexicanus, 163 
Exhibits, Department of, 1262 
exigua, Stephanomeria, 1214 
Stictiella, 434 
exilis, Metacosmus, 311 
exitiosus, Euscelis, 183 
Exomalopsis arida, 83 
similis, 83 
Exoprosopa atripes, 291 
eremita, 290 
hyalipennis, 290 
iota, 290 
tiburonensis, 291 
expansissima, 726 
explanatus, Asydates, 420 


=F 


Fabricius Hyleus, 529 

facetus, Lygzus, 137 

Fagonia chilensis, 1049 
densa, 1052 

Falco anatum, 22, 455 
columbarius, 23 
sparverius, 22 

farinosa, Encelia, 959, 965, 1198 

farlowii, Podaxon, 1216 

farnesiana, Acacia, 1030 

fasciata, Columba, 22 

fasciatus, Oncopeltus, 136 

fasciculata, Hofmeisteria, 965, 1184-85 

femoralis, Creontiades, 150 

fenestratoides, Villa, 292 

Fernaldella angelata, 114 

Ferocactus, 1111 

Ferocactus alamosanus, 1110 
diguetii, 1110 
johnstonianus, 1111 
wislizeni, 1111 

Ferris, G. F., 315 

ferruginosus, Tomonotus, 324 

ferus, Nabis, 146 

festina, Stictocephala, 169 

ferax, Cyperus, 989 

Ficus palmeri, 962, 963, 965, 1006 

fidicina, Citharoceps, 608 

filicioides, Acacia, 1031 


1298 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 


[Proc. 4TH Serr. 


filifolia, Hofmeisteria, 1185 
filiformis, Phaseolus, 1048 
Filistata hybernalis, 584 
filocasta, Lymnza, 38 
fimbriata, Carlowrightia, 963 
fimbriatum, Ceramium, 777 
fimbriatus, Amaranthus, 1018 
Finch, California Purple, 23 
San Lucas House, 455 
Fitchia spinosula, 146 
flabellifolium, Citharexylum, 1152 
flagellans, Nesonyx, 397 
Flatoides enotus, 197 
flava, Esenbeckia, 1055 
flavescens, 1097 
Pisonia, 1021 
flaviceps, Auriparus, 455 
flavicincta, Villa, 298 
Havicosta, Deltocephalus, 181 
flaviflora, Maurandya, 962, 965, 1162 
flavifrons, Nerius, 476 
flavipennis, Chorisoneura, 322 
flavipilosa, Bombylius, 308 
Villa, 303 
flaviventris, Micropeza, 477 
Flicker, Northwestern, 22 
flora, Psallus, 158 
floribunda, Celosia, 962, 965, 1018 
Flycatcher, Ash-throated, 455 
Olive-sided, 23 
Traill, 23 
Western, 23 
foliosa, 1161 
Fomes rimosa, 1216 
robustus, 1216 
Forbush Sparrow, 24 
Forchammeria watsoni, 962, 1026 
Forestiera, 1125 
formosa, Stictiella, 431 
formosus, Phidippus, 681 
forticornis, Rhinacloa, 163 
Fouquieriacee, 1098 
Fouquieria burragei, 1098 
colummaris, 960 
peninsularis, 962, 965, 961, 
1099 
splendens, 959, 965, 1100 
Fox, Charles L., 429 
franciscanus, Oliarus, 188 
francisquitus, Trichochrous, 421, 416 
Frankenia grandiflora, 964 
etandifolia, 1097 
palmeri, 959, 964, 1097 
Frankeniacee, 1097 
Franseria ambrosioides, 1195 
arborescens, 1195 
dumosa, 959, 965, 1195 
ilicifolia, 959, 1195 
fraternus, Céclidius, 190 
Peritrechus, 139 


Vor. XII] 


Frazar Oyster-catcher, 454 
frazari, Hzematopus, 454 
Fregata aquila, 454 


frigidus, Trichochrous, 420, 414 


Frelichia interrupta, 1019 
frontalis, Carpodacus, 23 
Orthostibia, 235, 236 
frugalis, Megachile, 547 
frutescens, Aster, 961, 1192 
fruticulosus, Hybanthus, 1097 
fruticosa, Passiflora, 1101 
fruticosus, Desmanthus, 1033 
Fucellia rejecta, 427 
pacifica, 427 
fucicola, Dermocarpa, 698 
fulvifrons, Zodion, 469 
fulvotarsis, Trichochrous, 420 
Funastrum lineare, 1129 
funebris, Micrathena, 651 
Fungi, 1215 
furcigera, Sphacelaria, 724 
fusca, Scytodes, 591 


Geet 
gabbiana, Corbicula, 32 
gagates, Conibius, 275 
Gairdner Woodpecker, 22 
gairdneri, Dryobates, 22 
galioides, Eriogonum, 1012 
Galvezia juncea, 1160, 1161 
Gardner, Nathaniel Lyon, 695 
Gargaphia gentilis, 141 
insularis, 141 
iridescens, 142 
‘Garypinus arboricolus, 369 
corticolus, 366 
litoralis, 368 
serianus, 367 
solus, 367 
Garypus giganteus, 360 
pallidus, 362 
sini, 361 


Gasteracantha cancriformis, 651 


Gastrocopta parvidens, 515 
rixfordi, 515 
Gayenna absoluta, 661 
Gelastocoris variegatus, 167 
Gelechia albipectus, 119 
elaboratella, 119 
imequalis, 119 
intermedia, 120 
sistrella, 119 
Gelidiopsis tenuis, 749 
Gelidium decompositum, 743 
johnstonii, 742 
geminatum, Panicum, 987 


geminipunctum, Theridion, 638 


gemma, Aranea, 648 
generosa, Megachile, 548 


INDEX 


1299 


geniculata, Viscainoa, 961, 962, 965, 


1054 
geniculatus, Engytatus, 154 
Phytocoris, 149 
Gonodia moniliformis, 722 
gentilis, Gargaphia, 141 
Geocoris pallens, 137 
solutus, 138 
sonoraensis, 138 
Geothlypis occidentalis, 25 
Geotomus noctivagus, 125 
germanica, Blattella, 321 
Geron alba, 313 
digitaria, 312 
insularis, 313 
nivea, 311 
niveoides, 312 
geronimoensis, Chelifer, 373 
Gerris orba, 164 
gibbera, Tylopelta, 172 
gibbosus, Lactista, 324 
gigantea, Carnegiea, 1108 
Epipactis, 1004 
giganteus, Garypus, 360 
Gigartina, 744 
chauvinii, 744 
gigas, Thasus, 132 
Gilia palmeri, 962, 1135 
girdiana, Vitis, 1089 
glabra, Colubrima, 1086 
Vallesia, 964, 1126 
Glaucina abdominalis, 114 
eupethesiaria, 114 
puellaria, 114 
glaucipennis, Leprus, 324 
Glaucothea armata, 963, 991 
brandegeei, 961, 962 
globosa, Condalia, 1086, 1087 
gloriosa, Loeselia, 962 
Gnaphosa synthetica, 620 
Gnatcatcher, Plumbeous, 456 
Gnetacez, 981 


Gnorimoschema triocellella, 118 
Gochnatia arborescens, 963, 1213 


Golden-crowned Sparrow, 24 


Golden Pileolated Warbler, 25 


Goldfinch, Green-backed, 24 
Goldfinch, Willow, 24 
goldmanii, Coccoloba, 1011 
gonaspis, Coelioxys, 560 
Goniobasis rodeoensis, 34 
Goniotrichum alsidii, 741 
Gonodia johnstonii, 722 
marchante, 723 
moniliformis, 722 
sargassi, 722 
gonodioides, Ectocarpus, 721 
Gosibius paucidens, 399 
Gosothrix insulanus, 398 
gossiliniana, Opuntia. 1117 


1300 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47TH SER. 


gossypii, Corythucha, 140 
gossypiifolia, Passiflora, 1102 
Gossypium, 1092 
barbadense, 1090 
davidsonii, 963, 1090 
harknessii, 962, 965, 1091 
Gouania mexicana, 1088 
Gouinia brandegei, 985 
Gracilaria, 756 
crispata, 753 
johnstonii, 752 
lacerata, 755 
lichenoides, 750 
pachydermatica, 753 
pinnata, 751 
sinicola, 752 
subsecundata, 755 
vivesii, 750 
vivipara, 750 
gracile, 738 
Porophyllum, 963, 1210 
gracilenta, 1024 
Houstonia, 1174 
gracilis, Czsalpinia, 1036 
Ephydra, 478 
Janusia, 1059 
Melospiza, 24 
Okanagodes, 168 
‘Graminez, 982 
grandiflora, Frankenia, 964 
grandifolia, Frankenia, 1097 
grandis, Echinocereus 1109 
grandulosa Coursetia 1042 
granicollis, Asida, 256 
granulata, Stibia, 238 
granulatus, Nocibiotes, 275 
granulifera, Cryptoglossa, 252 
granulosa, Acanthocephala, 131 
Grateloupia acroidalea, 781 
howeii, 782 
johnstonii, 782 
prolomgata, 780 
squarrulosa, 780 
gratior, Melissodes, 85 
gratus, Trichochrous, 420, 411 
Gray Warbler, Black-throated, 25 
grayi, Cryptantha, 1145, 1146 
Great Blue Heron, San Lucas, 454 
gregalis, Psallus, 160 
greggii, Acacia, 1031 
Green-backed Goldfinch, 24 
Green-tailed Towhee, 455 
Grosbeak, Pacific Black-headed, 24 
Grunsky, C. E., President of the 
Academy, 1223 
Gryllus assimilis, 339 
‘Guaiacum coulteri, 963, 1053 
guadalupensis, Najas, 982 
guardiense, Sargassum, 732 
guildiana, Mallophora, 467 


Gull, Heermann, 453 
Western, 453 
gummosus, Machzrocereus, 961, 1112 
gutta, Oncopeltus, 136 
guttata, Hylocichla, 26 
guttula, Catorhintha, 134 
Gymnogongrus carnosus, 745 
Gymnopa tibialis, 478 
Gypona angulata, 176 
annulicornis, 176 
candida, 175 
incita, 173 
moneta, 174 
Gyrophragmium inquinans, 1215 


ee 


Hadromena infans, 154 
hematoloma, Jadera, 136 
hzmatopoda, Ashmeadiella, 555 
Hematopus frazari, 454 
Hematoxylon brasiletto, 1040 
haenkei, Struthanthus, 1009 
hainesii, Spheralcea, 1095 
halicacabum, Cardiospermum, 1083 
Halimeda discoidea, 704 
halimifolia, Stegnosperma, 961, 962, 
1022 
Halocyptena microsoma, 454 
Hamataliwa, 677 
positiva, 677 
Hanna, G. Dallas, 31, 43, 51, 483, 1265 
harknessii, Gassypium, 965, 962, 1091 
Harmostes angustatus, 135 
croceus, 135 
harrisi, Dryobates, 22 
Harris Woodpecker, 22 
Hart, Mary E., 1230 
Hawk, American Sparrow, 22 
Duck, 455 
Northern Pigeon, 22 
Sharp-shinned, 22 
Western Red-tailed, 22 
Hebard, Morgan, 319 
hebes, Paraclius, 111 
hebroides, Merragata, 165 
Hectia pedicellata, 995 
hector, Mozena, 132 
Heermann Gull, 453 
heermannii, Larus, 453 
Heleodytes affinis, 455 
Helianthus niveus, 965, 1199 
Heliastus californicus, 325 
Heliotropium inundatum, 1148 
hemilopha, Ctenosaura, 967 
Hemiptera, 123 
Hermit Thrush, Alaska, 26 
Hermit Thrush, Dward, 26 
Heron, San Lucas Great Blue, 454 
Herpetology, Department of, 1263 
herporhizum, Sargassum, 739 


Vor. XII] 


Herpyllus validus, 610 
hespera, Scaphiella, 593 
Hesperapis leucura, 542 
macrocephala, 541 
hesperia, Cladophora, 713 
Dictyota, 731 
Macrosiphonia, 1125 
hesperophilus, Astragalinus, 24 
hesperum, Cryptoptilum, 339 
hesperus, Mimetus, 651 
Paratettix, 323 
heterophylla, Tradescantia, 995 
heterophyllum, 1129 
Heteropogon contortus, 985 
Heterosiphonia sinicola, 770 
Heterostylum robustum, 308 
heymonsi, Anisembia, 346 
hirtipes, Telabis, 205 
Hibiscus denudatus, 963, 1092 
Hildenbrandtia rosea, 787 
hindsianum, Solanum, 1158 
hircina, Villa, 299 
hirsutissima, Mentzelia, 1104 
hirsutus, Pellenes, 689 
hirtella, 1072 
hirtipes, Telabis, 205 
hirtellus, Trichochrous, 421 
Hirundo erythrogaster, 24 
hispida, 1025 
Corythuca, 140 
hispidus, Polyporus, 1217 
Hoffmanseggia intricata, 1040 
microphylla, 1041 
Hofmeisteria crassifolia, 965, 1184 
fasciculata, 965, 1184-85 
filifolia, 1185 
pluriseta, 959, 965, 1186-87 
tenuis, 1188 
Holocera, 120 
hololeuca, Anthophora, 82 
holosteoides, Drymaria, 1023 
Homalodisca liturata, 173 
Homalonychus, 632 
positivus, 630 
theologus, 631 
hookeri, Imperata, 985 
hooveri, Dendroica, 25 
Hoplosphyrum boreale, 339 
Horned Owl, Dusky, 22 
hornii, Thysamophora, 505 
Horodromus, 653 
absolutus, 654 
horridum, Ceramium, 777 
Sargassum, 734 
Horsfordia alata, 1092 
newberryi, 1093 
House Finch, San Lucas, 455 
Wren, Western, 25 


INDEX 


Houstonia brevipes, 1173 
gracilenta, 1174 
mucronata, 965, 1175 

howardi, Aristotelia, 117 
Megachile, 548 
Perdita, 97 

howeii, Grateloupia, 782 

hubbardi, Chelifer, 374 

humboldtiana, Karwinskia, 965, 1088 

humeralis, Sthenarus, 162 

humifusca, Turnera, 963 

Hummingbird, Allen, 22 

Hutton Vireo, 25 

huttoni, Vireo, 25 

hyalinipennis, Lepidanthrax, 307 

hyalinus, Corizus, 135 

hyalipennis, Exoprosopa, 290 

Hyalymenus subinermis, 134 

Hybanthus fruticulosus, 1097 

hybernalis, Ctenus, 660 
Filistata, 584 

hybridus, Ambrysus, 167 

Hydroclathrus cancellatus, 727 
clathratus, 727 

Hydrocoleum codicola, 701 

Hydrometra lentipes, 164 

Hydrophyllacez, 1135 

Hyleide, 529 

Hyleus asininus, 530 

Hyleus aztecus, 530 
Fabricius, 529 
sonorensis, 530 

Hylocichla guttata, 26 
mana, 26 
ustulata, 26 

Hylocrinus insularis, 218 
magnus, 219 
oblongulus, 217 

hymenelytra, Atriplex, 1016 

Hymenoclea pentalepis, 1196 

hymenoclez, Platymetopius, 178 

Hynobius bicolor, 28 
ikishime, 28 
kimure, 27 
retardatus, 27 
stejnegeri, 28 
tagoi, 29 
vandenburghi, 28 


Hynobius from Japan, New Species of, 


27 
hypericifolia, Euphorbia, 1067 
Hypnea johnstonii, 758 
Hypnea marchante, 759 
pannosa, 758 
Hypsoprora simplex, 169 
Hyptis emoryi, 959, 965, 1148, 1149 
laniflora, 1150 
Hysteropterum bufo, 192 
morum, 191 


1301 


1302 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 


——— 


Icius ildefonsus, 679 
vitis, 679 
Icteria longicauda, 25 
Ideoroncus mexicanus, 359 
withi, 359 
Idiocerus verticis, 173 
idonea, Melissodes, 88 
igneus, Cardinalis, 455 
ikishime, Hynobius, 28 
ildefonsus, Icius, 679 
ilicifolia, Franseria, 959, 1195 
immaculiventris, Melanochelia, 425 
immixtum, Compsonema, 724 
Imperata hookeri, 985 
imperialis, Dendryphantes, 681 
Isthmocoris, 139 
impressicollis, Aufius, 135 
inequalis, Gelechia, 119 
incarnata, Allionia, 1020 
incerta, Euphorbia, 1068 
incisifolius, 1190 
incisum, Trichoptilium, 959, 1207 
incita, Gypona, 173 
inclusum, Chiracanthium, 661 
inconstans, Argoporis, 257 
Indigofera argentata, 1043 
inermis, 1182 
infans, Hadronema, 154 
inflata, Eleodes, 261 
inflatum, Eriogonum, 959, 1013 
infundibularis, 1156 
inops, Phytocoris, 147 
inornata, Narnia, 131 
inquinans, Gyrophragmium, 1215 
Insara psaronota, 332 
inscendens, Bulimulus, 502 
insclita, Justicia, 962, 1170 
insulana, Pseudatrichia, 462 
insulanus, Gosothrix, 398 
insulare, Ccelocentrum, 509 
Sargassum, 735 
insularis, 1150 
Astragalus, 1042 -< 
Gargaphia, 141 
Geron, 313 
Hylocrinus, 218 
Litoscirtus, 326 
Pericuris, 609 
Pylophora, 130 
Vaseyanthus, 964, 1180, 1182 
integra, Anconia, 325 
imtegrata, Physcia, 1217 
intermedia, Conobea, 1160 
Gelechia, 120 
interrupta, Freelichia, 1019 
interruptum, Ceramium, 775 
interstitialis, Saldula, 166 
intricata, Hoffmanseggia, 1040 


[Proc. 47H Ser. 


intricata, Maba, 962, 1124 
inundatum, Heliotropium, 1148 
Invertebrate Paleontology, Department 
of, 1264 
invicta, Opuntia, 1117 
involuta, 1070 
iota, Exoprosopa, 290 
Ipomeena aurea, 1133 
pes-capre, 964, 1133 
Tresine angustifolium, 1019 
iridescens, Gargaphia, 141 
Iridoprocne bicolor, 25 
irregulare, Coelocentrum, 508 
irrovatus, Platymetopius, 179 
isabellina, Volucella, 468 
Isilochorus dogmaticus, 633 
isolatus, Oecobius, 584 
Isthmocoris imperalis, 139 
Ixoreus noevius, 26 


==) 
Jacobinia ovata, 1170 
Jacquemontia eastwoodiana, 962, 1133 
Jacquinia pungens, 963, 1122 
Jadera hematoloma, 136 
Jalysus perclavatus, 136 
Janusia californica, 1058 
gracilis, 1059 
Jatropha canescens, 1075 
spathulata, 961, 962, 965, 1075 
Jay, Blue-fronted, 23 
Oregon, 23 
jocosus, Platymetopius, 179 
Johnston, Ivan Murray, 951 
johnstone, Scinaia, 742 
johnstoni, Anyphzena, 662 
Bulimulus, 491 
johnstonianus, Ferocactus, 1111 
johnstonii, Callophyllis, 746 
Ceramium, 774 
Chthonius, 357 
Dictyota, 730 
Eucheuma, 748 
Gelidium, 742 
Gonodia, 722 
Gracilaria, 752 
Grateloupia, 782 
Hypnea, 758 
Laurencia, 764 
Neomammillaria, 1114 
Phidippus, 681 
Pilocereus, 1118 
Polysiphonia, 767 
Sargassum, 738, 737 
Schizymenia, 786 
josephus, Evagrus, 577 
Jouvea pilosa, 964, 985 
jJugosa, Thyanta, 129 
Juncacez, 996 


Vou. XII] 


juncea, Bebbia, 959, 1196, 1197 
Galvezia, 1160, 1161 
junceus, Lordotus, 309 
Junco oreganus, 24 
Oregon, 24 
Juncus balticus, 996 
Justicia insolita, 962, 1170 


pa ea 


Karwinskia humboldtiana, 965, 1088 

Kelly, J. B., 315 

kerri, Lymnza, 38 

Kilbramoa, 589 

kimure, Hynobius, 27 

Kingbird, Arkansas, 23 

Kingfisher, Western Belted, 22 

knighti, Calotingis, 141 
Tibicen, 167 

Koeberliniacez, 1100 

Koeberlinia spinosa, 1100 

Krameria canescens, 1029 

Krameriacez, 1029 


Sey 


labialis, Argoporis, 258 

Labiate, 1148 

labyrinthea, Metepeira, 648 
lacerata, Gracilaria, 755 
laceratum, Schizostoma, 1215 
Lactista gibbosus, 324 

lactuca, Ulva, 717 

lenata, Clastoptera, 168 

leta, Vanduzea, 169 

levicollis, Zelus, 145 

levigata, Celtis, 1006 

levigatus, Cyperus, 990 

laevis, Triorophus, 231 
leviventris, Megasattus, 267 
Laguncularia racemosa, 964, 1120 
lamellifer, Bulimulus, 495 
lamprocephalus, Auriparus, 456 
lanceolata, Ditaxis, 1063 

Land and Fresh Water Mollusks, 483 


Land Snails of the Sierra Nevada 


Mountains, Notes on some, 43 
laniflora, Hyptis, 1150 
lapazeanum, Sargassum, 733 
laphamioides, 1186 
Larinia cymotypa, 649 
Larrea divaricata, 959, 963, 965, 1053 
Larus heermannii, 453 

occidentalis, 453 
lasiocarpum, Lepidium, 1025 
lateralis, Corizus, 135 

Psilocephala, 461 

Villa, 302 
Latheticus prosopis, 278 
laticolle, Metoponium, 202 
latifrons, Scinaia, 742 
latipennis, Telabis, 207 


INDEX 


1303 


latisetum, 1212 
latiuscula, Anacampta, 474 
lativittatus, Chelifer, 375 
Latrodectus mactans, 639 
latrunculus, Ervax, 466 
latus, Phaleria, 276 
Laurencia, 766 
estebaniana, 763 
johnstonii, 764 
obtusiuscula, 760, 761, 762 
paniculata, 762 
papillosa, 765 
sinicola, 764 
laxa, 762 
laxiflora, Lobelia, 1182 
laxius, 739 
Least Petrel, 454 
Lecaniodiaspis tapirire, 316 
Lecanium, 318 
lecideoides, Ophalaria, 1217 
Leguminosz, 1030 
Leioscyta testacea, 169 
Lemaireocereus thurberi, 1111 
lemanzformis, Cordylecladia, 759 
lemmoni, Abutilon, 1089 
Notholena, 980 
Lemnacez, 995 
Lemna cyclostasa, 995 
lemniscatus, Psallus, 160 
lemur, Baccha, 468 
lenis, Phytocoris, 147 
lentipes, Hydrometra, 164 
lepida, Tachycineta, 25 
Lepidanthrax angulus, 306 
hyalinipennis, 307 
proboscidea, 307 
Lepidium lasiocarpum, 1025 
Lepidosaphes peninsularis, 318 
lepidota, Villa, 300 
Leprus glaucipennis, 324 
leptantha, Cuscuta, 1131 
leptocaulis, Opuntia, 1117 
Leptochloa uninervia, 986 
Leptogaster, 463 
Leptoglossus phyllopus, 131 
zonatus, 131 
leptophyllum, Porophyllum, 1210 
leptopus, Antigonon, 1011 
leptopus, Asclepias, 1127 
Lethocerus annulipes, 167 
leuca, Eustala, 650 
leucophylla, 1202 
Euphorbia, 964, 1068 
leucophyllum, Sideroxylon, 961, 1123 
leucostomella, Anthophora, 80 
leucozona, Ashmeadiella, 556 
leucura, Hesperapis, 542 
Lewis Woodpecker, 22 
lewisi, Asyndesmus, 22 
libercolens, Nyctunguis, 395 


1304 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 


Library, 1265 
Liburnia, 198 
lichenoides, Gracilaria, 750 
Lichens, 1217 
Lichtensia lycii, 317 
ligustica, Apis, 103 
Ligyrocoris aurivillianus, 139 
nitidulus, 139 
Liliacez, 996 
limatula, Lymnza, 39 
limbatus, Dendryphantes, 682 
limbipennis, Copestylum, 468 
lindahli, Minniza, 365 
limeare, Funastrum, 1129 
linearis, Atriplex, 1016 
Mitracarpus, 1177 
Palafoxia, 965, 1202 
Petalonyx, 1104 
lineatocollis, Clastoptera, 168 
lineolata, Mozena, 132 
Linnemyia compta, 470 
Linnet, California, 23 
Lipocheta slossone, 478 
Lippia palmeri, 1152 
Lissoteles vanduzeei, 464 
Litaneutria ocularis, 322 
Lithyphantes pulcher, 640 
punctulatus, 640 
litoralis, Garypinus, 368 
litoris, Scaphiella, 594 
Litoscirtus insularis, 326 
littoralis, Arctosa, 673 
Monanthochloe, 964, 986 
liturata, Homalodisca, 173 
Loasacez, 1103 
lobata, Perityle, 1205 
lobatifrons, Megachile, 547 
Lobelia laxiflora, 1182 
lobulata, 1217, 1218 
Loeselia gloriosa, 962 
Lonatura nana, 183 
ventralis, 182 
Lonchza armata, 428 
Lonchzide, 425 
lomgicauda, Icteria, 25 
longipes, Argoporis, 260 
Syspira, 666 
longipilosus, Trichoderulus, 282 
longiramosum, Codium, 710 
longispina, Phyllogaster, 426 
Long-tailed Chat, 25 
longula, Megachile, 548 
lopezi, Tylocapsus, 152 
Lophocereus schottii, 1122 
Lophortyx californica, 22 
vallicola, 454 
Lopidea eremita, 154 
Loranthacez, 1008 
Lordotus apicula, 309 
junceus, 309 


loretensis, Eleodes, 262 
Trichochrous, 420, 415 
loretoensis, Phytocoris, 149 
Lottus tomentellus, 1044 
Loxia minor, 23 
Loxosceles rufescens, 589 
lucidus, Trichochrous, 420 
ludoviciana, Piranga, 24 
lunifroms, Petrochelidon, 24 
lunulata, Telabis, 206 
lupinellum, Anthidium, 91 
Lupinus arizonicus, 1045 
lutescens, Vermivora, 25 
Lutescent Warbler, 25 
lycii, Lichtensia, 317 
lycioides, Condalia, 1088 
Lycium richii, 963, 964, 1153 
umbellatum, 1154 
Lycosa carolinensis, 673 
concolor, 672 
Lygzus carnosulus, 137 
facetus, 137 
melanopleurus, 137 
reclivatus, 137 
ruficeps, 137 
Lygus sonoraensis, 151 
Lymnza comntracosta, 40 
filocosta, 38 
kerri, 38 
limatula, 39 
petaluma, 37 


Lysiloma candida, 962, 963, 965, 1033 


microphylla, 962, 1034 
Lysiopetalum tiburonum, 402 


ps 


Maba intricata, 962, 1124 
McAllister, M. Hall, 1280 
macdougalii, Sphzralcea, 1095 
macellaria, Chrysomyia, 470 
Macherocereus eruca, 960 
gummosus, 961, 1112 


macrocarpus, Pedilanthus, 962, 1076 


macrocephala, Hesperapis, 541 
Macrocephalus prehensilis, 143 
Macrocystis pyrifera, 728 
macroptera, Mascagnia, 962, 1059 
Macrosiphonia hesperia, 1125 
macrostachya, Setaria, 987 
mactans, Latrodectus, 639 
maculipennis, Baryplegma, 473 
magdalene, Croton, 1061 
Euphorbia, 1068 
magnificum, Carychium, 51 
magnus, Hylocrinus, 219 


Mailliard, Joseph, 1, 443, 1219, 1266 


Malloch, J. R., 425 
Mallophora guildiana, 467 
Malpighiacexz, 1058 
Malvacez, 1089 


[Proc. 4TH Serr. 


Vou. XIT] 


Mammalogy, Department of, 1265 
mangle, Rhizophora, 962, 964, 1120 
maniculatus, Peromyscus, 1220 
Manihot angustiloba, 1076 
Man-o’-war-bird, 454 
manuelis, Megasattus, 266 
marchante, Dermocarpa, 700 
Enteromorpha, 716 
Gonodia, 723 
Hypnea, 759 
Polysiphonia, 768 
Pringsheimia, 720 
Sargassum, 735 
marginata, Mesogramma, 469 
Ulosonia, 280 
marginatus, Aphcebantus, 310 
marginatus, Pupoides, 514 
marginella, Zenaida, 22 
Marine Algz, 695 
Bibliography, 788 


Marine Diatoms of Lower California, 
Observations on Surface Distribu- 


tion of, 437 
maritima, Abronia, 964, 1019 
Batis, 964, 1021 
Cryptantha, 1146 
Ruppia, 981 
maritimus, Paraclius, 110 
Marpissa californica, 678 
Marsdenia edulis, 1129 
Martyniacee, 1167 
Mascagnia macroptera, 962, 1059 
Maurandya flaviflora, 962, 965, 1162 
maxima, Sterna, 453 
Toxophora, 314 
Maximowiczia sonore, 1178, 1179 
maxoni, 980 
Maytenus phyllanthoides, 964, 1082 
Meadowlark, Western, 23 
megacarpa, Errazurizia, 1042 
Randia, 1177 
megacephala, Volucella, 468 
megacera, Stictiella, 433 
Megachile adelphodonta, 548 
brachysoma, 553 
discorhina, 549 
estebana, 553 
frugalis, 547 
generosa, 548 
howardi, 548 
lobatifrons, 547 
longula, 548 
occidentalis, 548 
odontostoma, 550 
pereximia, 548 
poculifera, 548 
pratti, 548 
prosopidis, 550 
sidalcex, 548 
slevini, 551 


INDEX 


sonorana, 552 
testudinis, 550 
tiburonensis, 553 
vanduzeei, 551 
Megamyrmecion, 619 
asceticum, 615 
naturalisticum, 617 
nesiotes, 618 
pessimisticum, 616 
Megasattus araneosus, 266 
erosus, 265 
leviventris, 267 
Manuelis, 266 
sternalis, 268 
Melacothrix xanti, 1214 
Melanastus obscurus, 226 
melania, Oceanodroma, 454 
Melanochelia immaculiventris, 425 
melanomerus, Dendryphantes, 684 
melanopleurus, Lygeus, 137 
melanoptera, Ceratina, 543 
melanostoma, Ancylosceles, 83 
Melissodes callophila, 87 
gratior, 85 
idonea, 88 
nanula, 87 
vanduzeei, 86 
Melochia tomentosa, 962, 1096 
Melopelia asiatica, 454 
Melospiza cleonensis, 24 
gracilis, 24 
Melyride, 409 
Mendocino Song Sparrow, 24 
Menemerus bivittatus, 679 
mentalis, Mycotrogus, 279 
menthz, Coelioxys, 559 
Mentzelia adherens, 1103 
hirsutissima, 1104 
mera, Aphalara, 199 
mercedis, Villa, 299 
meridionalis, Steniolia, 430 
Villa, 292 
Meromyza americana, 478 
Merotemnus elongatus, 280 
Merragata hebroides, 165 
Mesogramma marginata, 469 
parvula, 460 
mevarna, Urellia, 472 
Metacosmus exilis, 311 
Metargiope trifasciata, 646 
Metepeira labyrinthea, 648 
Metopoloba densiventris, 231 
Metoponium angelicum, 203 
candidum, 202 
laticolle, 202 
pacificum, 202 
metzaria, Aphalara, 200 
mexicana, Acrosticta, 476 
Argemone, 1024 
Chromolepida, 460 


1305 


1306 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4ru Ser. 


Dichomeris, 120 
Entocladia, 719 
Gouania, 1088 
Phaneroptera, 335 
Spangbergiella, 176 
mexicanus, Calamacris, 326 
Ebo, 654 
Edrotes, 241 
Excentricus, 163 
Ideoroncus, 359 
Neurocolpus, 147 
Orthophryx, 165 
Stenopogon, 463 
Micranthia pusilla, 166 
Micrarionata, 502 
examinata, 505 
peninsularis, 503 
Micrathena funebris, 651 
Microbembex aurata, 436 
monodonta, 436 
Microcentrum suave, 335 
Micropeza flaviventris, 477 
microphylla, 1157 
Bursera, 963, 965, 1057 
Hoffmanseggia, 1041 
Lysiloma, 962, 1034 
microphyllum, Cercidium, 965, 1037 
microsoma, Ashmeadiella, 556 
Halocyptena, 454 
microsperma, Muhlenbergia, 986 
Microvelia americana, 164 
paludicola, 164 
Micrutalis occidentalis, 169 
millbre, Ephydra, 477 
Mimetus hesperus, 651 
Mimulus dentilobus, 1164 
minans, Enchenopa, 169 
minima, Plantago, 1173 
Minniza lindahli, 365 
rossi, 365 
minor, Loxia, 23 
Nysius, 137 
Triphalopsis, 233 
minus, Dysdercus, 139 
minusculus, Euphagus, 23 
minuta, C2daspis, 472 
Stobaera, 198 
mira, Villa, 300 
Mirabilis tenuiloba, 959, 1020 
Toumeyella, 317 
mirus, Nyctunguis, 393 
miscella, Villa, 305 
misera, Euphorbia, 1069 
Misumenops celer, 652 
dubius, 653 
Mitracarpus linearis, 1177 
Mohavea confertiflora, 959, 1164 
molitor, Villa, 302 
molle, Cercidium, 1038 
mollis, Parosela, 959, 1047 


Mollusks, Land and Fresh Water, 483 
Mollusks from Sonoma County, Calif., 
Upper Miocene Lacustrine, 31 
monachus, Zelotes, 621 
Monanthochloé littoralis, 964, 986 
moneta, Gypona, 174 
moniliformis, Gonodia, 722 
monilipennis, Gécleus, 190 
monisticus, Chemmis, 667 
monniera, Bacopa, 1160 
monodonta, Microbembex, 436 
montagnei, Roccella, 1218 
montezuma, Bulimulus, 486 
Panchlora, 321 
monticola, Populus, 961, 1005 
Moracez, 1006 
morrilli, Corythucha, 140 
Steatococcus, 316 
mormonius, Nemobius, 339 
morum, Hysteropterum, 191 
Moths, The Geometrid, 113 
The Tineid, 117 
Mourning Dove, Western, 22 
Mozena hector, 132 
lineolata, 132 
tufula, 133 
mucronata, Houstonia, 965, 1175 
mucronatus, Steriphanus, 223 
murorum, Placodium, 1217, 1218 
Muhlembergia microsperma, 986 
mulegensis, Colletes, 534 
Dictyna, 582 
Xerodesmus, 403 
Multareis digitatus, 171 
planifrons, 170 
munda, Murgantia, 129 
mundus, Parthenicus, 155 
mus, Aphcebantus, 309 
Musca domestica, 470 
Museum, Personel of the, 1232 
Staff, Publications by the, 1237 
murale, Chenopodium, 1017 
Murgantia munda, 129 
Mya dickersoni, 32 
Mycotrogus mentalis, 279 
Myiarchus cinerascens, 455 
Myiochanes richardsoni, 23 
Myiophasia robusta, 470 
Myndus occidentalis, 191 
Myrmecozela erecta, 121 
Myrtle Warbler, Alaska, 25 
mysticus, Physocyclus, 632 


Nes 


Nabis ferus, 146 

nevia, Agelena, 670 
Najadacez, 982 

Najas guadalupensis, 982 
Nama coulteri, 1135 


Vor. XII] INDEX 1307 


nana, Hylocichla, 26 Nocibiotes granulatus, 275 
Lonatura, 183 noctivagus, Geotomus, 125 
Nannus pacificus, 25 Noctuide, 423 
nanula, Ceratina, 542 Nodocion, 611, 615 
Melissodes, 87 eclecticus, 613 
nanus, Cclidius, 190 pragmaticus, 612 
Narnia inornata, 131 realisticus, 613 
nasturtiifolium, Eryngium, 1121 syntheticus, 614 
nasutus, Agapostemon, 537 nodulosa, Calothrix, 702 
Natural History of the Ducks, A, 1230 moevius, Ixoreus, 26 
naturalisticum, Megamyrmecion, 617 Nolina beldingi, 961 
naturalisticus, Olios, 659 Nomia vanduzeei, 540 
Nausigaster unimaculata, 468 Nopsides, 601 
nebeculosus, Cyrpoptus, 187 ceralbona, 602 
nebouxi, Sula, 454 Normia californica, 102 
neglecta, Sturnella, 23 Northern Pigeon Hawk, 22 
neglectus, Scaphoideus, 177 Northern Violet-green Swallow, 25 
Nematurella euzona, 33 Wren-tit, 25 
Nemobius mormonius, 339 Northwestern Flicker, 22 
Nemotelus canadensis, 459 Red-wing, 23 
rufoabdomonalis, 459 notata, Euxesta, 474 
wheeleri, 458 Notholena californica, 980 
Necoelidia pallida, 186 lemmoni, 980 
Neomammillaria, 1114, 1115 Notogramma purpurata, 474 
albicans, 1113 novomexicana, Coelioxys, 559 
cerralboa, 1113 mubilipes, Scenopinus, 462 
evermanniana, 1113 nupera, Aphalara, 200 
johnstonii, 1114 nuperus, Oncotylus, 157 
slevinii, 1114 Nuttal Sparrow, 24 
swinglei, 1114 nuttalli, Zonotrichia, 24 
Nerius flavifrons, 476 nutttallii, Abutilon, 1090 
nesiotes, Ceraticelus, 641 Nuttallornis borealis, 23 
nesiotes, Megamyrmecion, 618 Nyctaginacer, 1019 
Orthoporus, 405 Nyctunguis danzantinus, 395 
Pectiniunguis, 391 libercolens, 395 
Teutana, 639 mirus, 393 
nesiotica, 1146 Nymphocixia unipunctata, 189 
nesophila, Yumates, 595 Nysius californicus, 137 
nesophilus, Selenops, 656 minor, 137 
Nesonyx flagellans, 397 strigosus, 137 
Neurocarpus zonarioides, 728 IN gue! 
Neurocolpus mexicanus, 147 
newberryi, Horsfordia, 1093 obliqua, Allograpta, 469 
Nicolletia trifida, 1208 Plagiotoma, 472 
Nicotiana clevelandi, 1155 obliquum, Oxyopeidon, 676 
trigonophylla, 1156 oblongulus, Hylocrimus, 217 
nidulans, Calothrix, 703 obscura, Dolichocysta, 140 
nigrescens, Dendroica, 25 obscurus, Melanastus, 226 
Onychelus, 407 Perisoreus, 23 
nigriclavus, Oncerometopus, 147 obsoletus, Emmenides, 216 
nigrimaculata, Telphusa, 113 obtusa, Trimytis, 227 
nigripes, Pherocera, 459 obtusiuscula, Laurencia, 760, 761, 762 
nitida, Avicennia, 964, 1151 occidentale, Tylostoma, 1215 
Villa, 305 occidentalis, Allenrolfea, 964, 1014 
nitidulus, Ligyrocoris, 139 Bembix, 436 
nivea, AZschynomene, 1041 occidentalis, Bumelia, 1122 
Geron, 311 i Calvatia, 1216 
Villa, 302 Diphysa, 1042 
niveoides, Geron, 312 Geothlypis, 25 


niveus, Helianthus, 965, 1199 Larus, 453 


1308 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


Megachile, 548 
Micrutalis, 169 
Myndus, 191 
Oceanodroma melania, 454 
Ochterus perbosci, 167 
Ochthodromus wilsonius, 454 
ocularis, Litaneutria, 322 
odontostoma, Megachile, 550 
odorata, Pluchea, 1194 
Ccanthus californicus, 340 
Gcleus decens, 190 
monilipennis, 190 
Cclidius fraternus, 190 
G£clidius nanus, 190 
CEcobius isolatus, 584 
Cdaspis minuta, 472 
cedipus, Spogostylum, 308 
(£domerus corallipes, 331 
Cnothera angelorum, 1120 
cardiophylla, 959, 1121 
cethereus, Phaéthon, 454 
Okanagodes gracilis, 168 
Olacacez, 1010 
Oleacee, 1125 
Oliarus excelsus, 188 
franciscanus, 188 
oligocephala, Verbesina, 1200 
Olios, 660 
naturalisticus, 659 
positivus, 657 
pragmaticus, 659 
scepticus, 658 
Olive-sided Flycatcher, 23 
olneyi, Scirpus, 990 
Olneya tesota, 959, 963, 965, 1045 
Olpium slevini, 363 
Omphalaria lecideoides, 1217 
Onagracee, 1120 
Oncerometopus nigriclavus, 147 
Oncocephalus erectus, 144 
Oncopeltus gutta, 136 
fasciatus, 136 
sanguinolentus, 136 
Oncotylus biguttulatus, 157 
nuperus, 157 
Onychelus nigrescens, 407 
opacus, Conibius, 273 
Opuntia, 1117 
bigelovii, 957, 959, 1115 
burrageana, 1115 
cholla, 965, 1115 
ciribe, 1116 
clavellina, 1116 
comonduensis, 1116 
gossiliniana, 1117 
invicta, 1117 
leptocaulis, 1117 
orba, Gerris, 164 
Orchelimum urispina, 337 
Orchidacex, 1004 


orcuttianum, Eriogonum, 1013 
oreganus, Junco, 24 
Oregon Jay, 23 
Oregon Junco, 24 
Oreospiza chlorura, 455 
ornea, Tibicen, 168 
Ornithology, Department of, 1266 
Orthza vincta, 139 
orthodox, Pardosa, 671 
Orthonops, 597 
overtus, 598 
Orthophryx mexicanus, 165 
Orthoporus nesiotes, 405 
punctilliger, 405 
Orthoptera, 319 
Orthostibia frontalis, 235, 236 
Orthotylus vigilax, 155 
Osprey, 455 
American, 22 
ovata, Jacobinia, 1170 
overtus, Orthonops, 598 
oweni, Agave, 999 
Ccelocentrum, 511 
Uloborus, 579 
Owl, Dusky Horned, 22 
Oxyopeidon absolutum, 676 
obliquum, 676 
Oxyopes actophilus, 675 
Oyster-catcher, Frazar, 454 


P 


Pachycereus pringlei, 961, 965, 1118 
Pachycoris torridus, 124 
pachydermatica, Gracilaria, 753 
pachyodonta, Anthophora, 80 
Pacific Black-headed Grosbeak, 24 
Pacifica, 765 
Chnoospera, 728 
Fucellia, 427 
Salicornia, 964, 1017 
pacificum, Metopomium, 202 
pacificus, Nannus, 25 
Padina durvillzi, 729 
Palafoxia linearis, 965, 1202 
pallens, Escaria, 423 
Geocoris, 137 
pallescens, 1217 — 
pallida, 1169 
Eurosta, 472 
Neocoelidia, 186 
pallidicornis, Tuponia, 162 
pallidus, Garypus, 362 
Palme, 991 
palmeri, 1028, 1053, 1131, 1149 
Abutilon, 1090 
Czsalpinia, 1036 
Cenchrus, 984 
Cnidoscolus, 1060 
Coldenia, 959, 1141 
Distichlis, 984 


a 


Vor. XIT] INDEX 1309 


2) 
Encelia, 1199 paucidens, Gosibius, 399 
Ficus, 962, 963, 965, 1006 pauciflora, Phacelia, 962 
Frankenia, 959, 964, 1097 pauciflorus, Cenchrus, 983 
Gilia, 962, 1135 paucifolia, 1030 
Lippia, 1152 Pauciseta, 1187 
Passiflora, 1102 Paullinia spinosa, 1083 
palmeri, Perezia, 962 tortuosa, 1084 
Perityle, 1206 pavidus, Aphcebantus, 309 
Prosopis, 962 pectinata, Carlowrightia, 1169 
Sibara, 1025 Pectiniunguis amphibius, 392 
Syranchum, 1128 nesiotes, 391 
palpalis, Salticus, 678 pectoralis, Centrioptera, 245 
paludicola, Microvelia, 164 pedicellata, Hectia, 995 
Telmatodytes, 25, 455 pediculifera, Euphorbia, 1070 
palustris, Zannichellia, 982 Pedilanthus macrocarpus, 962, 1076 
Panchlora montezuma, 321 Pelecanus californicus, 454 
panda, Thyanta, 128 Pelican, Califormia Brown, 454 
Pandion carolinensis, 22, 455 Pellenes ammophilus, 689 
paniculata, Laurencia, 762 anepsius, 690 
Panicum geminatum, 987 angelus, 691 
pannosa, Czesalpirria, 1036 corticolens, 692 
Hypnea, 758 delectus, 688 
Papaveracer, 1024 divaricatus, 688 
papillosa, Laurencia, 765 dolosus, 688 
Paraclius hebes, 111 elegans, 688 
maritimus, 110 hirsutus, 689 
paradoxus, Blapstinus, 271 polius, 692 
Paralimna decipiens, 478 pytrithrix, 693 
parallela, Asida, 253 tranquillus, 689 
Paratettix hesperus, 323 pellucida, Toxophora, 314 
parcita, Dictyna, 583 pellucidus, Aphcebantus, 309 
Pardosa orthodox, 671 Pelucha trifida, 962, 1193 
sabulosa, 671 peninsulare, Cercidium, 1039 
sternalis, 670 peninsularis, 1178 
Parietaria debilis, 1008 Arbutus, 961 
parkmani, Troglodytes, 25 Brickellia, 1183 
Parosela divaricata, 965, 1046 Castela, 963, 1056 
emoryi, 959, 965, 1046 Ephedra, 962, 981 
mollis, 959, 1047 Fouquieria, 961, 962, 965, 1099 
spinosa, 959, 1048 Lepidosaphes, 318 
Parthenicus candidus, 155 Micrarionata, 503 
mundus, 155 Ruellia, 963, 1172 
percroreus, 156 Spinoliella, 101 
picicollis, 156 Thanatus, 655 
psalloides, 156 Villa, 304 
ruber, 157 penitens, Polygyra, 47 


partida, Triphalopsis, 232 
parvicornis, Corizus, 136 
parvidens, Gastrocopta, 515 
parvula, Mesogramma, 468 
Paspalum distichum, 986 
Passer domesticus, 24 


Penstemon clevelandi, 1165 
Pentacora signoreti, 166 
pentalepis, Hymenoclea, 1196 
Penthestes rufescens, 25 
perbosci, Ochterus, 167 


Passerculus alaudinus, 24 perclavatus, Jalysus, 136 
brooksi, 24 percroreus, Parthenicus, 156 
savanna, 24 Perdita atramentata, 96 

Passiflora arida, 1101 clarifacies, 98 
fruticosa, 1101 erudita, 99 
gossypiifolia, 1102 howardi, 97 
palmeri, 1102 punctosignmata, 96 


Passifloraceze, 1101 sonorensis, 96 


1310 . CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 


vanduzeei, 97 
vittata, 98 
perditor, Thyanta, 127 
pereximia, Megachile, 548 
Perezia palmeri, 962 
Pericuris, 608 
insularis, 609 
perileucus, Colletes, 535 
Periplaneta americana, 321 
Perisoreus obscurus, 23 
Peritrechus fraternus, 139 
Perityle aurea, 1203 
californica, 1203 
emoryi, 959, 1205 
lobata, 1205 
palmeri, 1206 
robusta, 965, 1206 
rotundifolia, 1207 
Perizoma polygrammata, 114 
permixtus, Epeolus, 94 
permutata, Enchenopa, 169 
Peromyscus californicus, 1220 
eremicus, 1220 
maniculatus, 1220 
slevini, 1219, 1221 
perplexa, Villa, 297 
perpulchra, Stelis, 89 
Personnel of the Aquarium, 1255 
of the Museum, 1232 
pertusa, Callymenia, 746 
pes-capre, Ipomeena, 964, 1133 
pessimisticum, Megamyrmecion, 616 
Petalomyx linearis, 1104 
thurberi, 1105 
petaluma, Lymnza, 37 
Petrel, Black, 454 
Least, 454 
petrina, 1072 
petrinus, Diadasia, 84 
Petrochelidon lunifrons, 24 
Peucephyllum schottii, 959, 1212 
Peucetia viridans, 675 
Phacelia pauciflora, 962 
scariosa, 1136 
phza, Chamecea, 25 
Phaéthon cethereus, 454 
Phaleria latus, 276 
pilifera, 276’ 
Phaneroptera mexicana, 335 
phaseoloides, Rhynchosia, 1048 
Phaseolus astropurpureus, 1048 
filiformis, 1048 
Phasiane ballandrata, 115 
colorata, 115 
Phaulothamnus spinescens, 1021 
phenax, Anthophora, 79 
phenicodonta, 1198 
Pherocera nigripes, 459 
Phidippus arizonensis, 681 
formosus, 681 


[Proc. 4ru Ser. 


johnsomi, 681 
tyrelli, 681 
philipi, Chelifer, 374 
philosopha, Ariadna, 606 
Phlegyas annulicrus, 139 
Phlepsius argillaceus, 185 
docilis, 184 
superbus, 184 
Pholcidz, 632 
Phoradendron brachystachum, 1009 
californicum, 1008 
diguetianum, 1008 
phyllanthoides, Maytenus, 964, 1082 
Phyllodactylus tuberculosus, 967 
unctus, 967 
Phyllogaster longispina, 426 
phyllopus, Leptoglossus, 131 
Phymata severini, 143 
Physa, 40 
diaphana, 517 
Physalis crassifolia, 1156 
versicolor, 1157 
Physcia integrata, 1217 
Physocephala affiris, 469 
Physocyclus mysticus, 632 
Phytocoris geniculatus, 149 
inops, 147 
lenis, 147 
Phytocoris loretoensis, 149 
pulchricollis, 148 
vanduzeei, 149 
Phytogeography, 958 
Phytolaccacez, 1021 
Picicollis, Parthenicus, 156 
pictipes, Corizus, 135 
Plagiognathus, 161 
pictus, Trepobates, 164 
Piesma cinerea, 140 
Pigeon, Band-tailed, 22 
Hawk, Northern, 22 
Pileolated Warbler, Golden, 25 
pilifera, Phaleria, 276 
Pilocereus johnstonii, 1118 
pilosa, 1146 
Jouvea, 985 
Portulaca, 965 
Portulacacez, 1023 
Pine Siskin, 24 ° 
pinnata, Gracilaria, 751 
Pinus cembroides, 961 
pinus, Spinus, 24 
Pipunculus sonorensis, 467 
Piranga ludoviciana, 24 
Pisidium curvatum, 36 
Pisonia flavescens, 1021 
Pithecollobium confine, 961, 1034 
dulce, 1035 
sonore, 1035 
Pityrogramma triangularis, 980 
Placodium murorum, 1217 


Vor. XII] INDEX 


Plagiognathus pictipes, 161 
Plagiotoma obliqua, 472 
planata, Centrioptera, 250 
Planesticus propinquus, 26 
planifrons, Multareis, 170 
Planorbis pleiopleurus, 40 
plenus, 41 
tumens, 516 
Plantaginacee, 1173 
Plantago minima, 1173 
Plants, Vascular, 951 
platancala, Psilocephala, 461 
Platycarenus, 126 
platyceras, Argemone, 1024 
Platycentrus brevicornis, 171 
platycheila, Salvia, 1151 
Platydema subquadratum, 277 
Platymetopius analis, 181 
hymenoclez, 178 
irroratus, 179 
jocosus, 179 
scutellatus, 180 
speciosus, 179 
torridus, 178 
platyurum, Dianthidium, 90 
Plectreurys, 585 
bispinosus, 586 
ceralbonus, 588 
tristis, 589 
valens, 587 
pleiopleurus, Planorbis, 40 
plenus, Planorbis, 41 
plicata, Coldenia, 1143 
Plicolumna, 502 
Pluchea odorata, 1194 
Ploiaria californica, 144 
Ploiariopsis sonoraensis, 144 
Plover, Wilson, 454 
plumbea, Polioptila, 456 
Plumbeous Gnatcatcher, 456 
pluriseta, Hofmeisteria, 959, 965, 1186- 
87 
pluto, Spogostylum, 308 
pnceitens, Scytodes, 592 
poculifera, Megachile, 548 
Podaxon farlowii, 1216 
Peecilochroa, 611 
pecilus, Polyxenus, 400 
peenitens, Wala, 680 
Polemoniacez, 1135 
Polioptila plumbea, 456 
polius, Pellenes, 692 
polyacanthum, Sargassum, 736 
polycarpa, Atriplex, 1016 
Euphorbia, 1070, 1072 
Polygonacez, 1011 
polygrammata, Perizoma, 114 
Polygyra penitens, 47 
polymorpha, Erythrotrichia, 741 
Scolopendra, 390 


Polyopes sinicola, 784 
Polypodiacex, 980 
Polyporus, 1217 
curtesii, 1216 
hispidus, 1217 
Polysiphonia johnstonii, 767 
marchante, 768 
sinicola, 769 
polysiphoniz, Entocladia, 718 
Polyxenus peecilus, 400 
Populus monticola, 961, 1005 
Porophyllum confertum, 1208 
gracile, 963, 1210 
leptophyllum, 1210 
tridentatum, 1211 
Portulaca pilosa, 965, 1023 
Portulacacez, 1023 


portulacastrum, Trianthema, 965, 1022 


poselgeri, Cochemiera, 1108 
positiva, Hamataliwa, 677 
positivum, Theridion, 636 
positivus, Homalonychus, 630 
Olios, 657 
Potamogetonacez, 981 
precox, Cercidium, 1039 
pragmatica, Ariadna, 606 
pragmaticus, Evagrus, 576 
Nodocion, 612 
Olios, 659 
Sosippus, 674 
pratti, Megachile, 548 
prehensilis, Macrocephalus, 143 
Primulacez, 1122 


pringlei, Pachycereus, 961, 965, 1118 


Pringsheimia marchante, 720 
Prionitis abbreviata, 785 
sternbergii, 785 
Proboscidea althezfolia, 1167 
proboscidea, Lepidanthrax, 307 
Proctacanthus arno, 465 
procumbens, Ceramium, 772 
productum, Anthidium, 92 
profectus, Colletes, 535 
profugum, Dianthidium, 90 
prolifera, Enteromorpha, 715 
prolongata, Grateloupia, 780 
Pronotacantha annulata, 136 
propinquus, Planesticus, 26 
proscriptellus, Agapostemon, 538 
prosopidis, Megachile, 550 
Pseudodiaspis, 318 
Xerophilaspis, 318 
Prosopis chilensis, 959, 965, 1035 
prosopis, Latheticus, 278 
Prosopis palmeri, 962 
Protalebra scriptozona, 186 
protestans, Zelotes, 624 
psalloides, Parthericus, 156 
Psallus aspersus, 159 
flora, 158 


1312 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Serr. 


gregalis, 160 
lemniscatus, 160 
seriatus, 159 
tuberculatus, 161 
psaronota, Insara, 332 
Psathyrotes ramosissima, 959, 1212 
Pselliopus spinicollis, 146 
Pseudatrichia insulana, 462 
Pseudodiaspis prosopidis, 318 
yucce, 318 
Pseudoscorpions, 353 
Pseudosermyle arbuscula, 323 
pseustes, Siphonophora, 400 
Psilocephala lateralis, 461 
platancala, 461 
signatipennis, 461 
tepoce, 461 
Psilochorus, 635 
agnosticus, 634 
dogmaticus, 633 
pullulus, 635 
utahensis, 634 
Psoloessa texana, 323 
pterosperma, Coutarea, 1173 
Ptychopoda, 113 
puberula, 981 
pubescens, 1079, 1087, 1161, 1185 
Crariotus, 242 
Ximenia, 1010 
Publications by the Museum Staff, 1237 
puella, Acanalonia, 194 
puellaria, Glaucina, 114 
pulchella, Triodia, 987 
pulchellus, Eutettix, 184 
pulcher, Lithyphantes, 640 
pulchricollis, Phytocoris, 14% 
pullulus, Psilochorus, 635 
pulvera, Aristotelia, 117 
punctata, Pylophora, 130 
punctatus, Corizus, 135 
punctellus, Aphalara, 199 
Sphzrocoris, 124 
puncticeps, Eusattus, 269 
puncticollis, Stibia, 237 
punctifer, Tabanus, 458 
punctilliger, Orthoporus, 405 
punctosignata, Perdita, 96 
punctulata, Telabis, 204 
punctulatus, Lithyphantes, 640 
pungens, Jacquinia, 1122 
purisime, Tephrosia, 1049 
Purple Finch, California, 23 
Pupoides, 513 
catalinensis, 514 
marginatus, 514 
purpurata, Notogramma, 474 
purpureopictus, Agapostemon, 538 
pusilla, Ayenia, 1096 
Micramthia, 166 
Puto yucce, 316 


pygmzum, Zodion, 469 

pygmeus, Rhabdopselaphus, 314 

Pylophora insularis, 130 
punctata, 130 

pyrifera, Macrocystis, 728 

pyrrithrix, Pellenes, 693 


=o) 
quadricornis, Tylocentrus, 171 
quadripunctata, Villa, 298 
Quail, California, 22 
Valley, 454 
Quercus devia, 961 


pop iui 


racemosa, Cryptantha, 1147 
Laguncularia, 964, 1120 
Ramalina complarmata, 1218 
ramosissima, Psathyrotes, 959, 1212 
Suzeda, 964, 1017 
Ranatra brevicollis, 167 
Randia megacarpa, 1177 
Rasahus thoracicus, 145 
Rathbunia alamosensis, 1119 
Tationalis Drassyllus, 629 
Raven, Western, 23 
realisticus, Nodocion, 613 
reclivatus, Lygzus, 137 
Red-billed Tropic-bird, 454 
Reddish Egret, 454 
redempta, Scytodes, 592 
Red-tailed Hawk, Western, 22 
reductum, Codium, 707 
Red-wing, Northwestern, 23 
reinschii, Dermocarpa, 699 
reformans, Zelotes, 625 
refracta, Wislizenia, 965, 1027 
reflexus, Conibius, 274 
regularis, Chlorogloea, 698 
rehni, Arenivaga, 322 
rejecta, Fucellia 
repens, Bouteloua, 983 
Report of the Director of the Museum 
for the year 1923, 1232 
Report of the President of the Academy 
for the year 1923, 1223 
Report of the Treasurer, 1279 
Reptiles and Amphibians, Taylor Col- 
lection of, 1229 
resoluta, Centris, 76 
resupinata, Dicliptera, 1169 
retardatus, Hynobius, 27 
retentus, Thanatus, 655 
reticulata, Drzeculacephala, 173 
Scolopsella, 187 
Rhabdopselaphus albopilosus, 313 
pygmeus, 314 
Rhagovelia distincta, 164 
Rhamnacez, 1085 
Rhinacloa forticornis, 163 


Pe ee ee ee ae 


Vou. XITJ 


Rhinandrus sublevis, 281 

Rhizophora mangle, 962, 964, 1120 

Rhizophoraceez, 1120 

rhodognatha, Ashmeadiella, 557 

rhodoleuca, Centris, 76 

thodopus, Centris, 75 

thoifolia, Bursera, 961, 965, 1058 

Rhynchopteryx caudata, 196 

Rhynchosia phaseoloides, 1048 

richardsoni, Myiochanes, 23 

richii, Lycium, 963, 964, 1153 

rigida, Ulva, 717 

tileyi, Sinea, 146 

rimatus, Bulimulus, 495 

rimosa, Fomes, 1216 

ritaria, Barnesia, 113 

Rixford, Emmet, 43 

rixfordi, Gastrocopta, 515 

Robin, Western, 26 

robusta, Calyptodera, 150 
Cladophoropsis, 714 
Myiophasia, 470 
Perityle, 965, 1206 

robustum, Heterostylum, 308 

robustus, Bythoscopus, 173 
Fomes, 1216 

Roccella montagnei, 1218 

rodeoensis, Goniobasis, 34 

rosalie, Dicranema, 745 

rosea, Hildenbrandtia, 787 

roseana, 1002 

rossi, Minniza, 365 

rossii, 1191 

rothrockii, Bouteloua, 983 

rotundifolia, Perityle, 1207 

Royal Tern, 453 

tuber, Parthenicus, 157 

truberrimus, Carpodacus, 455 

rubescens, Tabanus, 458 

Rubiacez, 1173 

rubida, Ulidia, 476 

tubrofasciatum, Triatoma, 145 

Ruellia californica, 962, 1171 
peninsularis, 963, 1172 

rufescens, Dichromanassa, 454 
Loxosceles, 589 
Penthestes, 25 

tuficeps, Lygzus, 137 

rufipennis, Trichochrous, 420 

tufipes, Ashmeadiella, 555 

rufoabdominalis, Nemotelus, 459 

rufula, Mozena, 133 

rugiceps, Chilometopon, 229 

rupestris, Sympetaleia, 965, 1106 

Ruppia maritima, 981 

Russelia verticellata, 1166 

Russet-backed Thrush, 26 

Rutacez, 1055 


INDEX 


pe gots 


Sabal uresana, 993 
sabulosa, Pardosa, 671 
Villa, 300 
Sagittatum, Eupatorium, 964, 1184 
Saldula interstitialis, 166 
sphacelata, 166 
Salicacez, 1005 
salicamans, Astragalinus, 24 
Salicornia europza, 964, 1017 
pacifica, 964, 1017 
Salix bonplandiana, 1005 
Salticus scenicus, 678 
palpalis, 678 
Salvia californica, 961, 1150 
platycheila, 1151 
Samolus ebracteatus, 1122 
sanctiluce, Ardea, 454 
sanfordiana, Asparagopsis, 760 
sanguinolentus, Oncopeltus, 136 
San Lucas Cactus Wren, 455 
Cardinal, 455 
Great Blue Heron, 454 
House Finch, 455 
santacruzensis, Bulimulus, 487 
saphes, Uloborus, 581 © 
Sapindacez, 1082 
Sapindus saponaria, 1085 
Sapium biloculare, 1077 
saponaria, Sapindus, 1085 
Sapotacez, 1122 
sargassi, Gonodia, 722 
Sargassum acinacifolium, 732, 
brandegeei, 736 
bryantii, 733 
cylindrocarpum, 738 
guardiense, 732 
herporhizum, 739 
horridum, 734 
insulare, 735 
johnstonii, 737, 738 
lapazeanum, 733 
marchante, 735 
polyacanthum, 736 
sinicola, 736 
Sargeant, W. W., 1285 
Saropogon coquilletti, 464 
semiustus, 464 
sarothroides, Baccharis, 1192 
Sassacus vanduzeei, 687 
saturator, Colaptes, 22 
saturatus, Bubo, 22 
Saururacez, 1005 
savanna, Passerculus, 24 
Savannah Sparrow, 24 
Sparrow, Dwarf, 24 
sayi, Bembix, 436 
Chlorochroa, 127 
scabrellus, 1189 


1313 


1314 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47H Ser. 


scandens, Boerhaavia, 1020 
Scaphiella hespera, 593 
litoris, 594 
Scaphoideus consors, 177 
neglectus, 177 
scariosa, Phacelia, 1136 
scenicus, Salticus, 678 
Scenopinus nubilipes, 462 
scepticus, Evagrus, 578 
Olios, 658 
Schistocerca vaga, 328 
Schizostoma laceratum, 1215 
Schizymenia johnstonii, 786 
violacea, 786 
Schcepfia californica, 1010 
scholastica, Ariadna, 607 
schottii, Lophocereus, 1112 
Peucephyllum, 959, 1212 
schumannii, Bartschella, 1108 
schwarzi, Ashmeadiella, 555 
Scinaia johnstonze, 742 
latifrons, 742 
Scirpus americanus, 990 
olneyi, 990 
scitula, Stictiella, 433 
Scolopendra polymorpha, 390 
Scolopocerus secundarius, 133 
Scolopsella reticulata, 187 
scopulorum, Echinocereus, 1109 
scriptozona, Protalebra, 186 
Scrophulariacez, 1159 
sculptiventris, Centrioptera, 247 
scutellatus, Platymetopius, 180 
Scutigera coleoptrata, 399 
Scyllina viatoria, 323 
Scythris divaricata, 121 
Scytodes fusca, 591 
pnoeitens, 592 
redempta, 592 
Seale, Alvin, 1269 
sectipes, Tarsonops, 599 
secundarius, Scolopocerus, 133 
secuta, Dictyna, 583 
Segestria danzantica, 603 
semitarea, Thereva, 462 
semiustus, Sarapogon, 464 
Selasphorus alleni, 22 
selector, Catorhintha, 134 
Selenops, 657 
actophilus, 655 
nesophilus, 656 
septentrionalis, Cathartes, 22, 455 
Sequoias, Cross Sections of, 1230 
Sergiolus atomisticus, 610 
seriata, Centrioptera, 247 
serianus, Garypinus, 367 
seriatus, Psallus, 159 
sericeus, 1048 
serpens, Ceramium, 775 
serrata, Ditaxis, 1063 


Telabis, 204 
serrulata, Cosymbia, 113 
sessile, Sessuvium, 1022 
sessiliflora, 1075 
Sessuvium sessile, 1022 
Setaria macrostachya, 987 
Setchell, William Albert, 695 
severini, Phymata, 143 
Sharp-shinned Hawk, 22 
Sibara palmeri, 1025 
Sida spinosa, 1093 
side, Corizus, 135 
sidalcea, Megachile, 548 
Sideroxylon leucophyllum, 961, 1123 
signata, Euthiscia, 193 
signatipennis, Psilocephala, 461 
signoreti, Pentacora, 166 
Simarubacez, 1056 
similis, Exomalopsis, 83 
Simmondsia chimensis, 959, 963, 965, 

1077 
simplex, Digenea, 769 

Hypsoprora, 169 
simson, Spogostylum, 308 
simulans, Codium, 706 
Sinea confusa, 146 
Sinea complexa, 146 

tileyi, 146 
singularis, Asyndetus, 108 
sini, Anisembia, 346 

Chelifer, 375 

Garypus, 361 

Sternophorus, 371 

Villa, 303 
sinicola, Ceramium, 773 

Colacodasya, 770 

Gracilaria, 752 

Heterosiphonia, 776 

Laurencia, 764 

Polyopes, 784 

Polysiphonia, 769 
sinicola, Sargassum, 736 
sinuatus, Corvus, 23 

Cryptadius, 211 
sinuosa, Colpomenia, 725, 726 
Siphonophora pseustes, 400 
Siskin, Pine, 24. : 
sistrella, Gelechia, 119 
Slevin, Joseph R., 55 
slevini, Bulimulus, 488 

Megachile, 551 
slevinii, Neomammillaria, 1114 
slevini, Olpium, 363 
slevini, Peromyscus, 1221, 1219 
sleviniana, Agave, 1000 
slossonz, Lipocheta, 478 
sober, Anachemmis, 668 
sobria, Agave, 1001 
socius, Zelus, 146 
Solanacez, 1153 


Vot. XII] 


Solarum hindsianum, 1158 
solus, Garypinus, 367 
solutus, Geocoris, 138 
Song Sparrow, Mendocino, 24 
Sonoma County, California, Upper Mi- 
ocene Lacustrine Mollusks from, 31 
sonore, Bourreria, 1136 
Maximowiczia, 1178, 1179 
Pithecollobium, 1035 
Washingtonia, 962 
sonoraensis, Geocoris, 138 
Lygus, 151 
Ploiariopsis, 144 
sonorana, Megachile, 552 
sonorense, Anthidium, 91 
sonorensis, Acacia, 1031 
Hyleus, 530 
Perdita, 96 
Pipunculus, 467 
sonorensis, Villa, 296 
Zizyphus, 964, 1089 
Sonorina, 491 
sonorus, Deltocephalus, 181 
sordidus, Trichochrous, 420 
Sororcula Teleonemia, 142 
Sosippus pragmaticus, 674 
Spangbergiella mexicana, 176 
Sparrow, Desert, 455 
Dwarf Savannah, 24 
English, 24 
Forbush, 24 
Golden-crowned, 24 
Hawk, American, 22 
Mendocino Song, 24 
Nuttall, 24 
Savannah, 24 
Western Chipping, 24, 455 
Western Savannah, 24 
sparsa, Stibia, 237 
sparsus, Dasytastes, 421, 417 
sparverius, Falco, 22 
spathulata, Jatropha, 961, 962, 965, 1075 
Special Wild Life Observers, 1257 
speciosa, Dyssodia, 1207 
speciosus, Platymetopius, 179 
Trachelas, 668 
Spachelaria brevicorne, 725 
furcigera, 724 
sphacelata, Saldula, 166 
Sphzralcea ambigua, 1094 
axillaris, 1095 
coulteri, 1094 
hainesii, 1095 
macdougalii, 1095 
Sphzrium cynodon, 35 
Sphezrocoris punctellus, 124 
spiculifera, Centrioptera, 245 
Spider Fauna (The) of the Shores and 
Islands of the Gulf of Calif., 561 
spinescens, Phaulothamnus, 1021 


INDEX ‘ 1315 


spinicollis, Pselliopus, 146 
Spinoliella peninsularis, 101 
spinosa, E1emopedes, 337 
Koeberlinia, 1100 
Parosela, 959, 1048 
Paullinia, 1083 
Sida, 1093 
spinosula, Fitchia, 146 
spinosus, Aster, 1192 
spinulosa, Tethina, 478 
spinulosus, Aplopappus, 1189 
Spinus pinus, 24 
Spizella arizonez, 24, 455 
splendens, Fouquieria, 959, 965, 1100 
Spogostylum cedipus, 308 
pluto, 308 
simson, 308 
Spongovostox apicedentatus, 320 
Sporobolus virginicus, 987 
squalidus, Trichochrous, 420 
squamiger, Trichochrous, 420, 412 
squamigera, Villa, 300 
squamosa, Elytraria, 1170 
squarrulosa, Grateloupia, 780 
stans, Tecoma, 1166 
Steatococcus morrilli, 316 
Stegnosperma halimifolia, 961, 962, 1022 
Steinhart Aquarium, Dedication and 
Formal Opening of the, 1243 
Steinhart Aquarium Report, 1267 
stejnegeri, Hynobius, 28 
Stelis perpulchra, 89 
stelleri, Cyanocitta, 23 
Stemodia durantifolia, 1166 
Steniolia dissimilis, 429 
Steniolia meridionalis, 430 
stenophylla, 1104 
Stenopogon mexicanus, 463 
Stephanomeria exigua, 1214 
Sterculiacez, 1096 
Steriphanus alutaceus, 220 
durus, 224 
estebani, 225 
mucronatus, 223 
subopacus, 220 
tardus, 222 
torpidus, 221 
Sterna elegans, 454 
maxima, 453 
sternalis, Megasattus, 268 
Pardosa, 670 
sternbergii, Prionitis, 785 
Stemiolia dissimilis, 429 
Sternophorus sini, 371 
Sthenarus humeralis, 162 
Stibia cribrata, 239 
granulata, 238 
puncticollis, 237 
sparsa, 237 
Stictiella albicera, 432 


1316 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 


argentata, 434 

bifurcata, 431 

directa, 433 

exigua, 434 

formosa, 431 

megacera, 433 

scitula, 433 

villosa, 431 
Stictocephala festina, 169 
Stobera consinna, 198 

minuta, 198 
striata, Wilcoxia, 962, 1119 
strictus, Eutettix, 184 
stridulans, Diguetia, 590 
strigosus, Nysius, 137 
Struthanthus henkei, 1009 
studiosum, Theridion, 636 
Sturnella neglecta, 23 
stylosa, 1130 
Suzda ramosissima, 964, 1017 
suave, Microcentrum, 335 
suavis, Chlamydatus, 163 
subalbula, Buellia, 1217 
subangusta, Ashmeadiella, 558 
subcylindricus, Triphalus, 234 
subdescalceatus, Emmenides, 213 
subfalcata, Cyarda, 195 
subglabra, 1170 
subinermis, Hyalymenus, 134 
sublevis, Rhinandrus, 281 
subnuda, 1137 
subopacus, Steriphanus, 220 
subornata, Centrioptera, 249 
subquadratum, Platydema, 277 
subsecundata, Gracilaria, 755 
subsenilis, Trimytis, 227 
subulata, Asclepias, 1128 
sufflatus, Bulimulus, 485 
Sula brewsteri, 454 
Sula nebouxi, 454 
sulcatus, Tonibius, 276 
superbus, Phlepsius, 184 
swainsoni, Vireosylva, 25 
Swallow, Barn, 24 

Cliff, 24 

Northern Violet-greem, 25 

Tree, 25 
Swift, Vaux, 22 
swinglei, Neomammillaria, 1114 
sylvana, Thiodina, 678 
sylvosus, Conops, 469 
Sympetaleia aurea, 1105 

Tuptstris, 965, 1106 

tenella, 1106 
synthetica, Gnaphosa, 620 

Syspira, 665 
syntheticus, Nodocion, 614 
syrtis, Villa, 300 
systematicus, Tarsonops, 601 


Syspira, 667 
analytica, 663 
eclectica, 664 
longipes, 666 
synthetica, 665 


—_. ——_ 


Tabanus punctifer, 458 
rubescens, 458 
tabulata, Chelinidia, 133 
Tachycineta lepida, 25 
tagoi, Hynobius, 29 
Tanager, Western, 24 
tapirire, Lecaniodiaspis, 316 
tardatus, Cybzus, 669 
tardus, Aphcebantus, 309 
Steriphanus, 222 
tarsalis, Cryptadius, 212 
Tarsonops, 598 
clavis, 600 
sectipes, 599 
systematicus, 601 


Taylor Collection of Reptiles and Am- 


phibians, 1229 
taylori, Berendtia, 506 
Tecoma stans, 1166 
Telabis hirtipes, 205 
latipennis, 207 
lunulata, 206 
punctulata, 204 
serrata, 204 
Telaponium castaneum, 209 
Teleonemia sororcula, 142 
Telmatodytes paludicola, 25, 455 
Telphusa nigrimaculata, 118 
Tenebrionide, 201 
tenebrosa, Brochymena, 126 
tenella, Sympetaleia, 1106 
tenellus, Eutettix, 184 
tenuiloba, Mirabilis, 959, 1020 
tenuis, Hofmeisteria, 1188 
Gelidiopsis, 749 
Tephrosia purisime, 1049 
tepidariorum, Theridion, 638 
tepocz, Acrosticta, 475 
Psilocephala, 461 
tergata, Agallia,.172 
terminalis, Asymdetus, 106 
Tern, Elegant, 454 
Tern, Royal, 453 
terricola, Asida, 254 
Eleodes, 265 
tesota, Olneya, 959, 963, 965, 1045 
testacea, Leioscyta, 169 
testudinatus, 7Zthus, 125 
testudinus, Megachile, 550 
Tethina spinulosa, 478 
Tetragnatha eremita, 645 
Teutana, 640 
nesiotes, 639 


[Proc. 4rx Ser, 


Vor. XII] 


texana, Anisembia, 345 
Psoloessa, 323 
Thamnosma trifoliata, 1055 
Thanatus perinsulanus, 655 
retentus, 655 
Thasus gigas, 132 
Thelypteris augescens, 981 
theologus, Homalonychus, 631 
Theophrastacez, 1122 
Thereya semitaria, 462 
Theridion analyticum, 637 
geminipunctum, 638 
positivum, 636 
studiosum, 636 
tepidariorum, 638 
Thiodina sylvana, 678 
thoracicus, Rasahus, 145 
Thrush, Alaska Hermit, 26 
Dward Hermit, 26 
Russet-backed, 26 
Varied, 26 
Thryallis angustifolia, 1059 
thurberi, Anisacanthus, 1167 
Lemaireocereus, 1111 
Petalonyx, 1105 
Thyanta brevis, 128 
casta, 127 
Thyanta jugosa, 129 
panda, 128 
perditor, 127 
Thysanophora hornii, 505 
tibialis, Gymnopa, 478 
Tibicen knighti, 167 
ornea, 168 
tiburonensis, Centris, 78 
Coelioxys, 559 
Exoprosopa, 291 
Megachile, 553 
tiburonum, Lyciopetalum, 402 
Ticida chamberlini, 187 
tinealis, Bothriocera, 188 
tomentellus, Lotus, 1044 
tomentosa, Melochia, 962, 1096 
tomentosum, Codium, 705 
tomentulosa, Euphorbia, 1074 
Tomonotus ferruginosus, 324 
Tonibius sulcatus, 276 
torpidus, Steriphanus, 221 
torridus, Pachycoris, 124 
Platymetopius, 178 


tortugensis, Trichochrous, 420, 413 


tortuosa, Paullinia, 1084 
Toumeyella mirabilis, 317 
Towhee, Green-tailed, 455 
Townsend Warbler, 25 
townsendi, Dendroica, 25 
Toxophora maxima, 314 
Toxophora pellucida, 314 
virgata, 314 

Trachelas, 669 


INDEX 


speciosus, 668 
Tradescantia heterophylla, 995 
Traill Flycatcher, 23 
trailli, Empidonax, 23 
tranquillus, Pellenes, 689 
Treasurer, Report of the, 1279 
Tree Swallow, 25 
Trepobates pictus, 164 
triangularis, Anacampsis, 118 

Pityrogramma, 980 


1317 


Trianthema portulacastrum, 965, 1022 


Triatoma rubrofasciatum, 145 

Trichochrous brevicornis, 420 
collaris, 409, 420 
convergens, 420 
francisquitus, 416, 421 
frigidus, 414, 420 
fulvotarsis, 420 
gratus, 411, 420 
hirtellus, 421 
loretensis, 415, 420 
lucidus, 420 
tufipennis, 420 
sordidus, 420 
squalidus, 420 
squamiger, 412, 420 
tortugensis, 413, 420 
varius, 421 

Trichoderulus longipilosus, 282 


Trichoptilium incisum, 959, 1207 


trichosoma, Centris, 78 
tridentatum, Porophyllum, 1211 
Triepeolus verbesinz, 93 
trifasciata, Metargiope, 646 
trifida, Nicolletia, 1208 

Pelucha, 962, 1193 
trifoliata, Thamnosma, 1055 
trigonophylla, Nicotiana, 1156 
Trigonotylus brevipes, 146 
Trimerotropis, 325 

vinculata, 325 
Trimytis obtusa, 227 

subsenilis, 227 


triocellella, Gnorimoschema, 118 


Triodia pulchella, 987 
Triorophus levis, 231 
Triphalopsis minor, 233 
partida, 232 
Triphalus subcylindricus, 234 
Triphleps tristicolor, 146 
tristicolor, Triphleps, 146 
tristis, Atheas, 143 
Bicyrtes, 435 
Plectreurys, 589 
Zophorodes, 243 
Trixis californica, 959, 1213 
Troglodytes parkmani, 25 
Tropic-bird, Red-billed, 454 
truxillensis, Cressa, 965, 1130 
tuberculata, 725 


1318 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 47TH SER. 


Euthiscia, 193 
tuberculatus, Psallus, 161 


tuberculosus, Phyllodactylus, 967 


tubulosa, Enteromorpha, 716 
Tule Wren, 25, 455 

tumens, Planorbis, 516 
Tuponia pallidicornis, 162 
turbinata, Cyclosa, 647 
Turkey Vulture, 22, 455 
Turnera humifusca, 963 
Tylocapsus lopezi, 152 
Tylocentrus quadricornis, 171 
Tylopelta gibbera, 172 
Tylostoma occidentale, 1215 
Typha angustifolia, 981 
Typhacez, 981 

Tyrannus verticalis, 23 
tyrelli, Phidippus, 681 


Pee f pene 


Ulidia rubida, 476 
Ulmacez, 1006 
Uloborus crepidinis, 580 

oweni, 579 

saphes, 581 
Ulosonia marginata, 280 
Ulva dactylifera, 717 

lactuca, 717 

rigida, 717 
umbellata, Cuscuta, 1131 
umbellatum, Lycium, 1154 
Umbellifere, 1121 
uncinatum, Eucheuma, 748 
unctus, Phyllodactylus, 967 
unicolor, Erax, 466 
unilaterale, Codium, 710 
unimaculata, Nausigaster, 468 
uninervia, Leptochloa, 986 
unipunctata, Nymphocixia, 189 
unispina, Orchelimum, 337 
Urellia mevarna, 472 
uresana, Sabal, 993 
Urticacez, 1008 
ustulata, Hylocichla, 26 
utahensis, Psilochorus, 634 


eyes 


vaga, Schistocerca, 328 
valens, Plectreurys, 587 
valida, Yucca, 962, 996 
validus, Herpyllus, 610 
Vallesia glabra, 964, 1126 
Valley Quail, 454 
vallicola, Lophortyx, 454 
vana, Villa, 300 
vanbossex, Caulerpa, 704 
Van Denburgh, John, 1263 
vandenburghi, Hynobius, 28 
Vanduzea albifrons, 169 
leta, 169 


Van Duzee, Edward P., 123, 1262, 1265 
Van Duzee, M. C., 105 
vanduzeei, Centris, 75 
Ceratina, 543 
Chelanops, 378 
Clematodes, 327 
Ccelocentrum, 508 
Eleodes, 264 
Lissoteles, 464 
Megachile, 551 
Melissodes, 86 
Nomia, 540 
Perdita, 97 
Phytocoris, 149 
Sassacus, 687 
Villa, 306 
Varied Thrush, 26 
variegata, Bicyrtes, 435 
variegatus, Gelastocoris, 167 
variolosa, Cemtrioptera, 250 
varius, Trichochrous, 421 
Vascular plants, 951 
Vaseyanthus insularis, 964, 1180, 1182 
vastitatis, Chelanops, 381 
vastititas, Villa, 295 
Vaux Swift, 22 
vauxi, Cheetura, 22 
Veatchi discolor, 960, 962, 1079, 1081 
veatchiarra, 1081 
veatchii, Cuscuta, 962, 1132 
velox, Accipiter, 22 
ventralis, Conibius, 274 
Lonatura, 182 
Verbenacez, 1151 
Verbesina oligocephala, 1200 
verbesine, ‘Triepeolus, 93 
Verdin, 455 
Cape, 456 
Vermivora lutescens, 25 
versicolor, Physalis, 1157 
verticalis, Camptoprosopella, 472 
Tyrannus, 23 
verticellata, Russelia, 1166 
verticis, Idiocerus, 173 
veseyianus, Bulimulus, 499 
viatoria, Scyllina, 323 
vigilax, Orthotylus, 155 
Viguiera deltoides, 1201, 1202 
Villa, 296, 302 
albicincta, 297 
albicollaris, 296 
arenicola, 294 
arenosa, 300 
ariditata, 295 
astarte, 200 
cinerea, 299 
crocima, 297 
effrena, 305 
fenestratoides, 292 
flavicincta, 298 


Vout. XII] 


flavipilosa, 303 
hircina, 299 
lateralis, 302 
lepidota, 300 
mercedis, 299 
meridionalis, 292 
mira, 300 
miscella, 305 
molitor, 302 
nitida, 305 
nivea, 302 
peninsularis, 304 
perplexa, 297 
quadripunctata, 298 
sabulosa, 300 
sini, 303 
sonorensis, 296 
squamigera, 300 
syrtis, 300 
vana, 300 
vanduzeei, 306 
vastititas, 295 
villosa, Stictiella, 431 
vinculata, Trimerotropis, 325 
vincta, Orthea, 139 
Violacez, 1097 
violacea, Schizymenia, 786 
Violet-green Swallow, Northern, 25 
Vireo, Hutton, 25 
Vireo huttoni, 25 
Western Warbling, 25 
Vireosylva swainsoni, 25 
virgata Adelia, 1060 
Berginia, 1168 
Chloris, 984 
Toxophora, 314 
virginicus, Sporobolus, 987 
viridans, Peucetia, 675 
viridescens, Empoasca, 187 
viridis, Acinopterus, 186 
Ephydra, 477 
Viscainoa geniculata, 961, 962, 965, 
1054 
viscosa, Dodonza, 1083 
Vitacez, 1087 
vitellina, 1218 
Vitis girdiana, 1089 
vitis, Icius, 679 
vittata, Perdita, 98 
vivesii, Gracilaria, 750 
vivipara, Gracilaria, 750 
Volucella esuriens, 468 
isabellina, 468 
megacephala, 468 
volucripes, Dictyna, 581 
volucris, Eupeodes, 469 
vulpecula, Aphcebantus, 309 
Vulture, Turkey, 22, 455 


INDEX 1319 


Wwe 


Wala peenitens, 680 
walckenaeri, Cyclosa, 647 
Waltheria americana, 1097 
Warbler, Alaska Myrtle, 25 
Black-throated Gray, 25 
California Yellow, 25 
Golden Pileolated, 25 
Lutescent, 25 
Townsend, 25 
Warbling Vireo, Western, 25 
Washirgtonia sonore, 962 
watsoni, Amaranthus, 965, 1018 
Forchammeria, 962, 1026 
Western Belted Kingfisher, 22 
Chipping Sparrow, 24, 455 
Flycatcher, 23 
Gull, 453 
House Wren, 25 
Meadowlark, 23 
Mourning Dove, 22 
Raven, 23 
Red-tailed Hawk, 22 
Robin, 26 
Savannah Sparrow, 24 
Tanager, 24 
Warbling Vireo, 25 
Winter Wren, 25 
Wood Pewee, 23 
Yellowthroat, 25 
wheeleri, Anisembia, 346 
Nemotelus, 458 
White-winged Dove, 454 
Wilcoxia striata, 962, 1119 
Wild Life, Committee on Conservation 
of, 1256 
Special Observers, 1257 
willardiana, Acacia, 963, 1032 
Willow Goldfinch, 24 
Wilson Plover, 454 
Wilsonia chryseola, 25 
Winter Wren, Western, 25 
wislizeni, Ferocactus, 1111 
Wislizenia refracta, 965, 1027 
withi, Ideoroncus, 359 
Withius cactorum, 377 
Wood Pewee, Western, 23 
Woodpecker, Gairdner, 22 
Harris, 22 
Lewis, 22 
Wren, San Lucas Cactus, 455 
Tule, 25, 455 
Western House, 25 
Western Winter, 25 
Wren-tit, Northern, 25 
Wright, W. S., 113 


Le, 
1! 


1320 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4TH SER. 


— << 


xanti, Euphorbia, 962, 1075 
Melacothrix, 1214 
xanthochlora, Anthophora, 80 
Xenococcus deformans, 701 
Xerodesmus mulegensis, 403 
Xerophilaspis prosopidus, 318 
ximenez, Bulimulus, 497 
Ximenia pubescens, 1010 


—_Y¥—_ 


yatesii, Ammonitella, 44 
Yellow Warbler, California, 25 
Yellowthroat, Western, 25 
Yucca valida, 962, 996 

yucce, Pseudodiaspis, 318 


Puto, 316 
Yumates, 595 
angela, 596 


nesophila, 595 


_Z— 


Zamelodia capitalis, 24 
Zannichellia palustris, 982 
Zelotes, 625 
calvanisticus, 623 
catholicus, 622 
monachus, 621 
protestans, 624 
reformans, 625 
Zelus levicollis, 145 
socius, 146 
Zenaida marginella, 22 
Zizyphus sonorensis, 964, 1089 
Zodion, 469 
fulvifrons, 469 
pygmzum, 469 
zonarioides, Neurocarpus, 728 
zonatus, Leptoglossus, 131 
Zonotrichia coronata, 24 
nuttalli, 24 


Zopherodes tristis, 243 


Zygophyllacez, 1049 
zygoballoides, Dendryphantes, 685 


port of the Dieecter ek the eee for the: 
ee 1922.) (Issued Recap 22, sped: 


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a Manet tean ee Monee a "VOLUME xit thy 

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Mountains, with Description’ of a New Species. By G. Dallas 
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‘PROCEEDINGS 
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hk 


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and Tuxpam Beds of the Tampico Region, Mexico; By. Merle OF 
Tsraelsky. Plates 2-4, (Issued March 18, 1024) 00. ck Pe es 


Pages' 147-149, IX. Description of a New Genus and Species of Fresh- 
water Gastropod| Mollusk (Seu. petrolia): fromthe’ Etchegoin 


»Pliocene’ of ri ees Nie G. panne and io G. Rene rahe 


4 ten) By E. P. Vani Bure Ussued March 78, Tae 


The ‘Academy cannot stipply any ‘of its publitations issued before the. 5 


2.00” 
2.00 


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year 1907, its entire reserve stock having been destroyed in the conflagra-);) 


in Vols,I to XI, and Occasional Paper No, 10, can 1 be meppned 


| SUNSET. PRESS, SAN. FRANCISCO | |) >” 


. tion of April, 1906. Any of the papers of the Fourth Series, including those 


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