Proceedings

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PROCEEDINGS

ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON.

PART XIV.
1846.

ft - I 1.-1 .^- .;>,

PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY,
BY R. AND J. E. TAYLOR, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

?['\\J^S^^'

LIST

OF

CONTRIBUTORS,

With References to the several Articki contrUnUed by each.

Bridges, Thomas, Esq. page
Letter from, addressed to G. R. Waterhpuse, Esq., con-
taining notices of Bolivian Mammals and Birds 7

Cuming, Hugh, Esq.

Descriptions of New Species of Chama by Lovell Reeve,

communicated by . . «.;*'-.• ,4::/? v. *•, 117

'.'*■'%'%',
Fayrek, R. J., Esq., Jii^tt£.-R*N. ^ •<! .

Letter from, acCOEO^panying some Specimens of the Bische
de Mer, or Trepaflg •'..... 67

Fry, Edward.

On the Osteology of the Active Gibbon {Hylobaiee agiUs) 1 1
On the Relation of the Edentata to the Reptiles, especially
of the Armadillos to the Tortoises 72

Gaskoin, J. S., Esq.

Descriptions of three New Species of Cypraa .... 23

Gould, John, Esq., F.R.S.

On a New Species of Nyctibius 1

Descriptions of eleven New Species of Australian Birds . 18
Descriptions of three New Species of the family of Trochu

lid^e 4>4>

Descriptions of six New Species of Birds 67

Letter addressed to, detailing the circumstances of the

death of Mr. John Gilbert 79

Descriptions of two New Species of Australian Birds . . 83

On twenty New Species of TrochiUdiB or Humming Birds 85

Descriptions of three New Australian Birds 106

Gulliver, George, Esq., F.R.S.

Note on the Spermatozoa of the Polar Bear ( Utshs mart' ,
timus) 11

Note on the Size of the Blood-Corpuscles of Birds, with
Measurements by Dr. Davy of the Blood-Corpuscles of some
Fishes and of a Humming-Bird 26

IV

Heron, Sir Robert, Bart. page

Note on the Genus Crcum 67

Hill, Richard, Esq.

Description of a Seal found on a shoal, south of Jamaica . 80

Jonas, Dr. J. H.

Descriptions of New Species of Shells 34

Descriptions of two New Shells 120

Lowe, the Rev. R. T.

Letter from, accompanying a specimen of Lichia Vadigo,
Cuv. &Val 23

On a new Genus of the Family Lophidce (les Fectorales
P6dicul6es, Cuv,) discovered in Madeira 81

Owen, Professor.

Notes on the Dissection of a Female Chimpanzee ( Trog-

lodytes niger) 2

Memoir on the Dinomisy Part II 46

Observations on the Skull and on the Osteology of the

Foot of the Dodo {Didus ineptiis) 51

Pfeiffer, Dr. L.

Descriptions of thirty New Species of Heliceay belonging
to the collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq 28

Descriptions of twenty New Species of Heliceay in the
collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq • • • 37

Descriptions of nine New Species of ffeliceay collected by
Hugh Cuming, Esq 41

Descriptions of thirty-eight New Species of Land-Shells . 109

Reeve, Lovell, Esq.

On New Species of Pleurotoma 3

Descriptions of two New Species of CyprcRa 23

Descriptions of forty New Species of Haliotis, from the

collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq 53

Descriptions of fifty-four New Species of Mangelia, from

the collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq 59

SowEHBY, G. B., Esq.

Descriptions of thirteen New Species of Brachiopoda . . 91
Descriptions of New Species of Marginella 95

Strickland, H. E., Esq.

Exhibition of a New Species of Corvtis^ discovered by

Captain H. M. Drummond, 42nd R.H 43

Notes on certain Species of Birds from Malacca ... 99

Tomes, — ^ Esq.

Exhibition of a Female Specimen of the Bimaculated Duck
(Anas glocitans) 121

Waterhouse, G. R., Esq.

Description of a New Mammal from Bolivia {Hesperomys
Boliviensis) 8

PROCEEDINGS

ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

January 13, 1846.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Mr. Gould described a new species of Njfctibius, which he pro-
posed to name

Ntctibius bractbatus. Nyct. castaneo-fuscus ; scapularum api-
cUms, et abdomine, tnaculis (dbis, quasi hracteis, omatis.

The general plumage rich chestnut-brown ; the feathers of the
head, back and breast freckled with black, and with an irregular-
shaped blotch of black at the extremity of each feather ; near the tip
of each of the scapularies a spot of white encircled with black ; on
the lower part of the abdomen are two lunar-shaped marks of white,
formed by a square spot of silvery white, bounded above and below
with a narrow Hne of black, occupying the extremities of the feathers ;
wings dark brown, with the exception of the outer margins of the
primaries, which are cinnamon-brown ; tail chestnut, crossed with
numerous bars, composed of two irregular narrow lines of black, and
with a small spot of white at the tip ; under tail-coverts buff, with a
square spot of white at the tip.

Total length, 9| inches ; bill, 1^ ; wing, 6 ; tail, 5^ ; tarsi, |.

Hab. Santa F^ de Bogota.

Remark. — ^This species is the least of the genus that has come under
my notice ; the description is taken from a fine specimen in the col-
lection of the Royal Institution of Liverpool.

Nos. CLV. CLVI. & CLVII. — Pkogekdings of thk Zool. Soc.

January 27, 1846.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

A paper hy Professor Owen was read, containing the following
notes on the dissection of the Chimpanzee {Troglodytes niger) which
died in the inenagerie of the Society Dec. 29, 1845: —

Chimpanzee (female) : — ^Weight 42j lbs.

MBA8UBBMBNTS. ft. in.

From vertex to under-side of heel 3 6

From vertex to coccyx 2

From trochanter major femoris to external condyle of

femur 9i

From external condyle of femur to external malleolus • • 9^

From heel to end of middle toe 8 J

From distal end of first metatarsal to distal end of pha-
langes of first toe 2^

From acromion to external condyle of humerus 9^

• From external condyle of humerus to distal end of radius 10

From distal end of radius to extremity of middle finger • • 10

Circumference of proximal part of arm 8

Circumference of proximal part of forearm 8^

Circumference of distal part of fore-arm 6^

Circumference of wrist 6

Circumference of proximal part of thigh 11

Circumference of distal part of thigh 9^

Circumference of proximal part of leg 7

Circumference of distal part of leg 6^

Circumference of metatarsus 7

Weight of brain (covered by arachnoid and pia mater), 13 oz. 4 dr.
Weight of liver, 2 lbs.
Weight of spleen, 2|- oz.
Weight of ludneys, 3 oz. each.

All the deciduous teeth were shed, and all the permanent teeth
(on the right or healthy side of the mouth) were in place, except the
canines and last molars ; these latter teeth were more advanced in
their development than the canines. This stage of dentition corre-
sponds with that of the human subject at about the twelfth year ;
but allowance must be made for the later period of development of
the canines in the Chimpanzee. Bot^h upper and lower jaws on the
left side were enlarged by disease ; the gums inflamed and sloughy ;
the bicuspides or premolars and the first and second true molars had
been pushed out, and their fangs more or less absorbed. The left
outer permanent incisor of the upper jaw was half an inch distant

3

from the inner or median incisor, owing to intervening swelling of
the jaw. A section of the diseased left ramus of the lower jaw
showed the matrices of the canine and last molar in a healthy state
in the closed alveolar cavities.

The irritation had extended to the left sabmaxillarj and snblin-*
gual glands, which were much enlarged. Both tonsils were ulcerated.
Both pleurae, but particularly the left, were partly closed by old ad-
hesions, which had obliterated the divisions of the lobes of the lungs.
Only one small portion of die pulmonary ^sue was consolidated by
influnmation ; it was about the size of a walnut, and mtuated in the
lower lobe of the right lung, close to an adhesion of the pleura, but
there were no tubercles developed in any part of the lungs.

A few old adhesions bound the spleen and omentum to the waUs
of the abdomen ; all the other viscera of the abdominal cavity were
healthy. The most remarkable morbid appearance was found upon
the upper surfuce of the posterior lobe of tlie right hemisphere of the
brain, where a circumscribed depression of two convolutions was
formed, to which the dura mater stron^y adhered, by the medium of
a yellowish firm lymph ; but there was no svpeificial ulceration of
the cerebral substance.

With regard to the normal anatomy, 1 may at present add to the
fall descriptions that have been published of the dissections of
younger Chimpanzees, that in this nearly adult individual the laryn-
geal pouch extended over tiie front of the neck, beneath the platysma
myoides, as fax down as the left axilla, passing there beneath the
upper border of Uie great pectoral muscle.

The continuation of Mr. LoveU Reeve's paper on new species of
Pieurotoma was then read : —

Pleubotoma delicata. Pleur. testd sulndatd, temU, hyalind,
transversim minute et creherrimk elevato-striatd^ aperturd brevi;
pellucido-alhd, aurantio pallidUHmk maculatd.

Hah. Lord Hood's Island, Pacific Ocean ; Cuming.

Pleukotoma axis. Pleur, testd recto-acuminatd, infern^ contractd,
anfractibus supernk bicarinatis, infra transversim exUiter liratis,
aperturd obiongd, sinu pro/undo, albidd, aurantio -fusco subindi-
stinct^ tinctd,

Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.

Pleubotoma cbbbbiplicata. Pieur, testd ovatd, infern^ ventri"
cosO'Sinuatd, anfractibus concentrice crebriplicatis, transversim
crebriliratis, aperturd patuld ; albidd, aurantio-fusco profush va-
riegatd,

Hab. Bolinao, Island of Luzon, Philippines (found under stones at
low water) ; Cuming.

Pleubotoma bosabia. Pleur, testd abbreviato-subulatd, basi
truncatd, anfractibus concentric^ plicatis, lavibus, aperturd brevi,
vivid^ coccineo -rosed, an/ractuum parte supremd aibisonatd,

Hab. ?

PI.EUBOTOMA Dtboni. PleuT. testd ovoid, apird subtMrritd, an--
fractibus 8vpernk concavis ei obtuse carinatis, infra rotundatis,
longitudinaliter costatis, liris trantversis decuMoiU, aperturd brevi^
sinu ampio ; castaneo-fuscd, anfiractuum parte superiori Ate illic
interrupts albifasciatd.
Hob. Honduras ; Dyson.

I have much pleasure in naming this shell, at the request of Mr.
Cuming, after Mr. Dyson, whose adventurous researches after objects
of natural history in a country not the most healthy for European
travellers are certainly worthy of being recorded.

Plburotoma Hondttrasrnsis. Pleur, testd obiongo-ovatd, spird
acutd, anfractibus rotundatis, nodoso-costatis ; cinereo luteoque
altematim fasciatd ; labro incrassaio.

Hub. Honduras ; Dyson. ,

Plbubotoka f bnkstrata. Pleur. testd fusiformi'Ovatd, subinflatd,
tenui, peUucidd, anfractibus rotundis, liris superficiariis subdistan^
tibus undique clathratis, labro simpUci, sinu latiusculo ; pellucidO'
albd, aurantio pallide tinctd,

Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippines (found among coral).

Plrurotoma QRANIC08TATA. Plcur, tcstd abbrevittto^ovatd, basi
truncatd, spird brevi, anfractibus pulcherrimk granoso-costatis,

* liris transversis clathratis ; albidd, roseo-fuscescente tinctd, grants
saturatioribus,

Hab. ?

Plrurotoma rbgularis. Pleur. testd subpyranudali-ovatd, an-
fractibus superht concavis, medio obliquk regulariter costatis, aper^
turd parvd, sinu lato ; albidd.

Hab ?

Plrurotoma angicostata. Pleur. testd oblongo-ovatd, spird tur-
ritd, lavigatd, anfractibus longitudinaliter costatis, costis subdi-
stantibus, angustis, supernS angulatis, submucronatis ; nived.

Hab. ?

Plrurotoma mucronata. Pleur. testd acuminato-pyramidali, an-
fractibus longitudinaliter subobscurh plicato- costatis, costis nodu-
losis, aperturd brevi ; fused, nadorum serie mediand albicante.
Hab ?

Plrurotoma Cagatanrnsis. Pleur. testd fusiformi-ovatd, spird
acuminatd, anfractibus supernk unicarinatis, infra tuberculato-pli-
catis, transversim conspicuS liratis ; sinu amplo ; albd.

Hab. Cagayan, province of Misamis, island of Mindanao, Philip-
pines (found in sandy mud at the depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming.

Plrurotoma trssrllata. Pleur. testd pyramidali, anfractibus
supeme concavis, medio confertim tuber culatoplicatis, aperturd
parvd ; albd, maculis grandibus conspicuis rufo-fuscis tessellatd.

Hab. Isle of Capul, Philippines (on the reefs) ; Cuming.

Plsurotoma ssmbn. Pleur, testd ohlongd, spird mucranatd, an-
fractihus Itevibua, medio oblique plicatis, aperturd parvd, sinu
profunda ; castaneo-fuscd, plicis albidis.
Hah. San Nicolas, island of Zebu, Philippines (under stones at
low water) ; Cuming.

Pleurotoma Paria. Pleur. testd ohlongd, spird acummato^tmrritd,
anfractibus supern^ concavis, infra pUcato-costatis, costis angusOSf
subflexuosis ; alhd, fascid pallida aurantid indistinctd cingulatd.

Hah ?

Pleurotoma scalpta. Pleur, testd pyramidaH-ovatd, kevigatd out
nUnuttssimk reticulatd, aperturd brevi, simu disHnoto ; albd^ Ihms
fuscis brevibus tessellatim pictd.

Hab. ?

Pleurotoma Forbbsii. Pleur, testd turritd, anfractibus rotundatis,
longitudinaliter obtush costatis, transversim liratis, aperturd parvd;
rufescente-fuscd, liris saturatioribus.
Hah. Paros, Grecian Archipelago ; Forbes.
I have much pleasure in dedicating this little species to Professor
Edward Forbes, whose submarine researches among the islands of
the Grecian Archipelago have afforded matter of so much interest
and novelty.

Pleurotoma symmetrica. Pleur. testd ovatd, spird breviuscuJtd,
anfractibus superh^ depressis^ longitudinaliter costatis^ costarum
interstitiis subtilissim^ elevato-striatis ; lutescente, anfractuum
parte superiori albd.

Hab. ?

Pleurotoma cornea. Pleur. testd ovatd, spird acuminatd, corned,
subpellucidd, concentric^ tenuicostatd ; fuscescente, zond angustd
pallidd cingulatd.

Hab. ?

Pleurotoma foveolata. Pleur. testd ovatd, liris fortibus elevatis

undique reticulatis, liris ad decussationem granosis ; albd.
Hab. ?

Pleurotoma pagoda. Pleur. testd pyramidalv-acuminatd, anfrac-
tibus longitudinaliter crassicostatis, transversim subtilissimi^ liratis,
aperturd brevi; olivaceo-fuscd.

Hab. ?

Pleurotoma semigranosa. Pleur. testd acuminato-turritd, an-
fractibus supern^ concavis, medio nodoso-costatis, infra granosis,
aperturd parvd ; albidd,fascid aurantid infernk cingulatd.

Hab. ?

Pleurotoma tincta. Pleur. testd oblongo-ovatd, anfractibus ro-
tundis, longitudinaliter crassicostatis, liris transversis fortiter
clathratis, interstitiis profundis , lahro incrassato, sinu lato, canali

iubreatrvo; albd, at^raetibuB sajprm H mfira Mcm/to-/itMo/«fct-

Hab. ?

Plbubotoma cavaliculata. Plemr. tegtd mmUh-tmrritd, tpim «»-
twrd caMaUtulatd, anjraetihu striu eleviUtB, mtbtUiter clatkraiis,
mtm amplo ; albkamte.

Hub. ?

Plkubotoma FutoiDis. Plemr. te$tdfimfarm, §pird aeummOd,
aMfraetibu$ Mupernk angulatis, $tru9 elevatis creberrimk retiadatis,
labro 9uhmcra8$ato, nmt UUo ; aUncante, iniut/MgeescenU.

Hah. Island of Mindanao, Philippines (found in sandy mud at the
depth of twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming.

PunraoTOMA ALBirmncmjLTA. PUur. te9td ohUmgd, anfraettlms
roiundaiif, longituHnaliter ereMcostatis, liris ntbtilibus trams-
venit /umiculatii, canali subrecurvo, nmt laio ; aXbicante, mtrantio
hie illic tinctd, litis opdlO'ttlbis, apice rosacto,

Hab. South Pacific.

Plbvrotoma albikodata. Pleur. testd ovato-turritd, medio gib-
bosd, an/ractibuM supeme angulatii, ad angulum tuberculatis,
tramversim grano$o4irati$ ; nigricante-fuscd^ tuberculie dibit*

Hob. ?

Plbubotoma scababjius. Pleur, iestd obeso-watd, spird brevi,
apice elevato ; lavigatd, spird apicem versus obsolete hexagonali;
castaneO'fuscd, anfractu ultimo zond subobscurd lutescente cingU'
latd, apice albo»

Hab, Honduras ; Dyson.

Plbubotoma djbdala. Pleur. testd sub/usi/ormi, anfracHbus Um-^
gitudinaliter tenuicostatis, interstitiis transversim creberrim^ ele-
vatO'Striatis, labro incrassato; albidd, fuscescente pallidissim^
tinctd.

Hab ?

Plbubotoma obtusa. Pleur. testd oblongd, spird breviusculd, ob-
tusd, anfractibus rotundis, obtuso-costatis, transversim tenuiliratis,
labro incrassato, sinu lato: lutescente.

Hab ?

February 10, 1646.
R. C. Ghriffith, Esq., in the Chair.

The following letter was read, addressed to O. R. Waterhouse,
Esq., by the Society's Corresponding Member Thomas Bridges,
Esq. : —

" I am much delighted to learn that several of the little Rodents
I sent from Chile previous to my departure proved new, and I thank
you sincerely for the honour you have done me by affixing my name
to the new Octodon. I now with pleasure give you its habitat.
Many years ago I found this species inhabiting holes in sandy banks
and hUlocks near the borders of the river Jeno, in the province of
Colehagua, nor do I remember having found it in any other locality
in Chile. It is much less abundant than O. Cumingii, but, like that
species, it feeds on herbs and dried grass. In the winter months I
have observed it eats the bark of Mimosa Cavenia, which abounds in
that part of Chile. Of this species, on my return to Chile, I shall
endeavour to procure other specimens ; also a skeleton and cranium
for your inspection. Like O. Cumingiiy it makes its appearance and
feeds during the day, especially when tiie weather is cloudy.

'' The Lagotis Cuvieri of Bennett, of which I sent beautiful speci-
mens, were captured on the western side of the Andes, in the province
of Colchagua. This animal I have also found in great abundance in
Bolivia ; you would be delighted to see it in its native country. It
abounds in bold, rocky and steep precipices, and sometimes on the
slopes amongst large stones tumbled one on the other, amongst the
crevices of which it takes shelter. I have never yet seen it make caves
or burrows. It is highly amusing to see it bound from one huge
block to another, taking leaps equal almost to those of the squirrel ;
this it accomplishes from the structure of its hind legs and the assist-
ance of its tail. On examining several females lately, I find that
they only produce one or two at a birth. Their food is coarse grass.
It appears that this animal has an immense mountainous range from
lat. 33^ to 18°, and probably is found much further north and south. I
have found it often from 10,000 to 12,000 feet of elevation in Bolivia.
If not mistaken, I have discovered in my rambles from Cobija to this
place, a distance of 900 miles, another species of Lagotis*, It is
somewhat less in size, more compact, with a shorter tail, and the
fur is of a rusty colour, especially that of the flanks and abdomen ;
nor is the dark line over the vertebra so well-marked as in L. Cuvieri.
When you possess the skins you will be better able to discover if it
is a distinct species.

* I did not perceive any other species of Lagoiis beyond the L, Cunneri in Mr.
Bridges' collection.— G. R. W;
No. CLVL— Pbocbedings or thb Zoolooical Society.

8

" The Chinchilla I have never been able to capture, although I
spent a day or two in Cobija for that purpose. It is entirely a noc-
turnal animal, never making its appearance during the day, therefore
it cannot be taken with the gun : its habits and abode are similar to
the Viscacha.

" The native hunters of this little, animal domesticate the Quique
of Molina, which they term here Huron, the Spanish for ferret* ; the
Huron enters the crevices and holes made by the Chinchilla, and
drives them out, when they are eith.er killed with sticks by the huAt-
ers or taken by the dogs trained for that purpose.

" I find near the coast of Bolivia, where scarcely any vegetation
exists, the Chinchilla lives on the seed-vessel of a tall long-spined
species of Cereus, which it collects in small piles, and eats during
the night. These seed-vessels contain a great deal of pulpy sub-
iltance surrounding the seeds, and the exterior is covered with long
hair. They are shaped like a pear, and are called by the natives.
Pasas canaa (hairy figs). ITie Canis fulvipes I am persuaded does
not exist in the northern provinces of Chile ; had this been the case
I should have taken it. Molina describes the Culpeo and the Cbilla,
and as I have not his work here I cannot give you his specific names ;
why not adopt them, as I consider them prior to those of other au-.
thors ? On my return to Chile I will consult his work and send you
them.

" During my journey in Bolivia I have paid every attention to the
Mammalia, and only a few days ago I forwarded a box of skins tq
Valparaiso, requesting my friend there to forward three species which
are highly interesting, and at the same time to me quite new. They
are —

*' 1. Kerodon, — This animal I consider different from K, Kingii;
it is found in the vicinity of Chuquisaca and Cochabamba in rocky
places, and not uncommon in fields surrounded by stone walls, in
which it takes shelter and lives. It is more solitary than K, Kingii,
as that species I found near Mendoza in what may be termed large
communities. This animal feeds during the day on grass and herb-
age, but, I have observed, after the dew is evaporated from the ground.
The hair of this animal appears, from what I remember, to be more
coarse and bristly ; however, comparison will decide j I may perhaps
be mistaken. Native name, * Conejitof.*

** 2. A large Rat, with short tail and strong clawsj. This curious
and astonishing animal I first found a few leagues south of Potosi,
at an elevation of 12,000 feet, in sandy slopes and valleys, at no
great distance from water. Large patches of land are completely
undermined by its workings, which are similar to those of Schizodon
fuscus, I at first concluded that it burrowed for amusement, or the
change of residence, but on deeper consideration I consider it does
so in piursuit of bulbs and the roots of grass for food, like Poephago-
mys ater. It may be seen working in the morning, throwing out the

* This is the Galictis vittata of Bell.— G. R. W.

t The species referred to is the Cavia cobaia of authors.^G. R. W.

X Ctenomys Braziliensis of De Blainville. — 6 R. W.

9

sand, and now and then turns round and protrudes its head out of
the new-made burrow. It was then our only chance to shoot them,
and if not killed on the spot, there is no hope of obtaining them.
Only in one or two instances do I remember seeing them leave their
holes to feed on the grass. I think you will find this animal distinct
from all the other South American Rodents, and perhaps it will form
the type of a new genus. Its native name is 'Tufo' and 'Tojo/
pronounced * Tu-fo ' and ' To-ko.'

" 3. A large Mouse, with soft fur and large ears*. This charming
little animal we found in the same locality as the above, inhabiting
the abandoned caves of the former species. It makes its appearance
in the afternoon, when the sun is nearly on the horizon, to feed on
grass, and is often seen sitting on its hind legs ; and it then presents
its pretty white abdomen and erect ears. In this position it has the
appearance of a rabbit in miniature. T^e natives call it ' Achohalla,'
pronounced ' Ha-cho-ha-ya.'

" I have taken the Didelphis Azarte with a litter of eight young
ones. I have not forwarded this animal with the others ; it vnll re-
main till my return to Chile ; also several species of Mice and Bats.

" In ornithology I have been very successful, having obtained
about 100 species differing from the birds of Chile. I have' found
a considerable portion of the birds figured in D'Orbigny's splendid
work, and before I leave Bolivia I hope to obtain the greater part;
especially as in a few days I intend leaving Cochabamba and tra-
velling down the river Mamor^ towards the frontiers of Brazil,
traversing the country of the Yaracares Indians, where D'Orbigny
found an immense number of novelties.

** Amongst the Perdicar€e I have found a beautiful species of En^
dromia, differing from E. elegans of D'Orbigny ; also a third species
pf Tinachorus, much larger than T. D' Orbignyanus ; and in the valley
of Cochabamba and mountains in the vicinity I have of late had the
good fortune to take three distinct species of Nocthura, all of beauti-
fully marked plumage, and different from N. Perdicaria of Chile.
These have given me excellent sport. Amongst many other inter-
esting birds which I have lately taken, I have found Serrirostrum
carbonarium and sittoides. My intention is, before I leave Cocha-
bamba, to write a communication to the Zoological Society, having
now, the honour to be a Corresponding Member, giving them a brief
idea of what I have accomplished since I arrived in this country.
I have no doubt that the Earl of Derby and the Messrs. Gray will have
much pleasure at the sight of the Bolivian birds when they arrive in
England. I have many interesting insects, amongst which there are
three species of Nyctelia and two or three of the genus Phameus, with
others which I am sure will afford you pleasure and amusement."

Hesperomys Boliviensis. Hesp.pallide ochraceus, corpore suprdt
fuscO'penicillato, subtHs albo ; pedibus albis flavo-lavatis ; caudd
quoad longitndinem corpus fer^ aquante, albd, suprciflavd: auri-
bus permagnis, exths rufescenti-flavis,

* Hesperomys BoliviensiSy a new species hereafter described. — G. R. W.

10

unc. lin.
Longitude ab apice rostri ad caudse basin. ... 53

' caudk 3 5

tarsi digitorumque • 1 1 J

■ auris 9 J

Hab, Bolivia, near Potosi.

The most striking features of this species are the large size of its
ears^ combined with its delicate ochre-yellow colouring. It is ap-
parently a stout-bodied animal, and has long and soft fur, which on
all parts of the body is of a deep slate-grey colour next the skin ; on
the under parts each hair has the outer half white ; on the sides of
the body the visible portions of the hairs are ochreous, obscurely
tinted with rufous on the rump : the hairs on the back are similarly
coloured, but they are brown at the point, and many of them are
blackish. The feet are white, but slightly sufiused with yellowish ;
the tail is well-clothed for a mouse, white beneath, and of a pale
yellow colour above ; the eyes are margined with brown ; the ears
are clothed with small pale yellow hairs internally, and the hairs on
the outer surface, which are much longer, are of a rusty yellow hue.
The hairs of the moustaches are numerous and very long, some of
them white and some black. The incisor teeth, which are narrow
in proportion to the animal, are of a very pale orange colour. The
fore-feet are small ; the tarsi moderate.

The Hesperomys BoUviensis, in the large size of its ears, must ap-
proach the Mu8 auritus of Desmarest ; but judging from the descrip-
tion of that animal, it should differ in being of a larger size, in having
the tarsi shorter in proportion, and its colouring must be very dis-
similar, the M. auritus being described as of a grey hue. — G. W.

11

February 24, 1846.
George Gulliver, Esq., F.R.S.» in the Chair.

The following Note on the Spermatozoa of the Polar Bear, by
George Gulliver, Esq., F.R.S., was read : —

The question of the true nature of these curious bodies is as inter-
esting as it is obscure. Whether they be independent animalcules
or merely free and floating cilia has never been clearly proved.

Professor Valentin*, indeed, described an amount of organization
in the spermatozoa of a Bear, quite sufficient, if confirmed, to prove
that they are really ^distinct beings. Therefore I took an oppor-
tunity of obtaining them for examination from the Polar Bear which
died this morning in the Society's menagerie. The animal was a
very large adult, in good condition ; his testes well-developed, con-
taining in the seminal tubes plenty of cells and immature sperma-
tozoa, and an abundance of them perfectly formed in the vas defe-
rens. These were carefully examined. They presented none of the
marks of mouth, anus and internal vesicles depicted by Professor
Valentin. In short, the spermatozoa of the Polar Bear were similar
in all respects to those of numerous other Mammalia, as may be seen
by comparing my drawings, now exhibited to the Society, of the
spermatozoa of the following animals, viz. the Polar Bear (Ursus
maritimus, Linn.), the Stoat (Mustela Erminea, Linn.), the Indian
Badger {Arctonyx collaris, F. Cuv.), the Dromedary (Camelus Dro*
medarius, Linn.), and the Camel (Camelus Bactrianus, Auct.). I
gave a notice of the spermatozoa of the two last animals in the Proc.
of this Society, July 26, 1842, p. 101, and April 11, 1843, p. 50.

A paper by Edward Fry was then read : —

" On the Osteology of the Active Gibbon (Hylobates agilis)."

I have never met with any detailed account of the osteology of
any species of the genus Hylobates, Professor Owen's memoir on
that of the Orang Utan and Chimpanzee seems to make one de-
sirable, for the sake of comparison, as the Gibbons are the next group
of Simiada to the Orangs. Their skeleton too is highly interesting,
as exhibiting a striking adaptation to progression amongst the
branches of trees, well-fitting the animal to be a walker amongst
woods, a Hylobates,

The individual, whose skeleton I am about to describe, was a female,
which lived for some years in the Zoolo^cal Gardens at Bristol, having
been brought thither from Macao, where she had been kept in con-
finement. Of two young ones which were taken with their mother
in the forests of Malacca, she alone attained maturity. She was pro-

* Wagner's Physiology, tr.l)y Dr. Willis, p. 228 ; 8vo, Lond. 1844.

12

bably nine or ten years of age at the time of her death. Of her
agility and her cry I shall say nothing; much has already been
written on these subjects, and no account of mine could give any
adequate impression of her wonderful manners.

ITiis individual is the one which was exhibited in London in 1840,
and of which mention is made in Martin's ' Natural History of Qua-
drupeds/ Part 8.

Section I. — Of the Skull.

The cranium of the Hylohates agilis is elongate and ovate in form,
much-contracted behind the orbits, which are very projecting and
deep and surmounted by very elevated supraciliary ridges. The
muzzle is rounded and broad, so that the face, although considerably
prominent, has not attained the lengthened shape of the Baboons or
of the adult Orang Utan. The forehead, which is narrow, is but
slightly arched above the orbits, so that the whole of the cranium is
behind the face.

A slightly elevated ridge of bone, arising from the supraorbital
ridges, which becomes contracted during its passage over the coronal
aspect of the skull, and again expands towards the occiput, marks
the boundary on either side of the temporal muscles. This elevated
medial portion is smooth, whilst the lateral portions of the skull are
roughened by muscular attachments. This development is similar
to that of the Chimpanzee, whilst in the Orang Utan the sagittal
and temporal crests are elevated to an extraordinary extent.

The supraorbital ridges, we have before remarked, are much-de-
veloped. Such is the case in the Chimpanzee, where however they
form a junction across the face, which does not take place in the
Active Gibbon. The orbits have a very prominent margin, are very
large and deep, and are much swelled out externally, so that their
outer portion " projects very boldly from the cranium." Sir Thomas
Stamford Kaffles says of the Siamang, ** The orbits of the eyes are
circular and remarkably prominent,** Linn. Trans, vol. xiii. p. 242.
Such too is the character of the skull of the adult Hoolock figured
by Dr. Harlan in the Transactions of the American Philosophical
Society, vol. iv. New Series, p. 52.

llie nasal bones make a slight elevation, thus resembling Man
more than the Orang Utan or even the Chimpanzee. The osseous
opening of the nose is wide and rather large. The figure of the face
viewed in front, from between the orbits to the dental edge, resem-
bles a wedge whose point is directed downwards. This form is con-
trary to that of the Baboons, where the wedge is inverted. The
infraorbital canal opens by a single hole, as in Man and the Chim-
panzee. This foramen is smaller in the Gibbon than in those animals.

The outward curvature of the zygomatic arch is not great ; it is
placed far more posteriorly than in Man, in consequence of the
lengthening of the facial portion of the skull.

The skii of this Gibbon is anchylosed, externally at least, into
one piece. Prof. Owen tells us that the cranial sutures are oblite-
rated in the adult Orang Utan, Syndactylous Ape, and. frequently

13

in the Baboons and oihcr Quadrumana. I have observed it in Piihe-
cia Satanus, an American species. It sometimes occurs in the adult
human cranium.

The lower jaw is rather lengthened in figure, decidedly more so
than in Man, in consequence of the production of the muzzle. It is
shallowest just below the termination of the molar series, deepening
towards the symphysie, which la not very retreating, so that the
Gibbon has a pretty good chin for a monkey. In this respect it ap-
pears to approach Man more nearly than the higher Orangs. The
lower jaw of Man is more uniform in its depth than that of this
Gibbon : its angle too is not quite so much rounded ; the external
6dges of the ascending and horizontal branches do not form quite so
obtuse an angle at their meeting. •

The question may be asked. What are the effects of age in altering
the form of the skull in the Gibbons ? In answer I will remark,
first, that the muzzle is elongated and the cranium thrown in a
more backward position, in consequence of the necessity for length-
ening the dental edge to receive the second or permanent series of
teeth. This will be evident by a comparison of the skulls of the
young White-cheeked and Hoolock Gibbons, figured in Martin's
Nat. Hist. Quad., Part 8, with that of the adult Agile Gibbon in the
Bristol Institution (the subject of this paper) and with Dr. Harlan's
plate of that of the adult Hoolock, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., uin svpra^
The latter comparison is very satisfactory on this point, as the spe*
cimens compared are of the same species. A corresponding elonga-
tion of the facial parts takes place in the Orangs, as demonstrated by
Prof. Owen, Zool. IVans. vol. i. or Zool. Proc. 1835, p. 30. A similar
change is also observable in the human species ; the facial angle of
the ii^iemt decreases with age until the second teeth are cut. Secondly,
with increasing age another change takes place in the greater promi-
nence of the supraciliary ridges and the margin of the orbit. I appeal
again to the illustrations of Martin and Harlan, and to the original
sketch of the Agile Gibbon. A similar development of the cranial
ridges takes place in the Orang Utan and Chimpanzee with age ;
in the former, in the temporal and sagittal crests ; in the latter, in the
orbital margin. Thirdly, in the anchylosis of the bones of the cra-
nium and the face. This would appear to have taken place in the
skull of the Hoolock figured by the late Dr. Richard Harlan (ubi supra),
whilst in the immature one figured by Martin (ubi supra) the sutures
are represented. This change is observed to take place in the adult
Orang, but not in the Chimpanzee. Fourthly, it appears probable,,
from a comparison of the before-mentioned materials, that the infra-
orbital foramen, and the foramen which gives exit to the dental blood-
vessel and nerve in the lower jaw, become smaller by age.

From these observations it will be apparent that the skull of the.
Gibbons, like that of the Orangs, is far more anthropoid in youth
than in mature age. . The prolongation of the muzzle, the retrogres-
sion of the cranium, the smallness of the facial angle, the develc^-
ment of the orbital ridges, the anchylosis of the bones, and the small*

14

ness of the foramina, all distance the a^ed more than the immature
Gihhon from the human race.

Compared with the human skull, the head of this Gribbon is distin*
gniahed by its lengthened ovate figure ; its narrowness, especially
behind the orbits ; by the large size and inflated parietes of the orbits ;
by the want of vertical elevation of the forehead, and the consequent
position of the brain behind, not above the face ; by the great eleva-
tion of the supraorbital ridges ; by the development of the muzzle,
necessitating tlie backward position of the zygomatic arches and the
elongation of the palate ; by the small proportional size of the infra-
orbital foramen ; by the obliquity of the occipital plane, and by the
large size of the canine teeth ; by the elongation of the lower jawsi
in consequence of the length of the muzzle and palate ; by the in-
creased depth of the symphysis, and by the small size of the foramen
which gives exit to the blood-vessel nourishing tiie teeth and the
accompanying nerve.

This skull agrees with that of the Chimpanzee in its smallnesa
proportionally to the body, in its generally elongated form, in its
anterior contraction, in the marks of the attachments of the temporal
muscles, in the large supraorbital ridges, in the obliquity of the plane
of the foramen magnum, and in the slight arch of the nasal bones.

It differs from that of the Chimpanzee in the supraorbital ridges
not uniting, in the obHteration of the sutures, in the smaller size of
the infraorbital foramen and of the foramen of tiie dental blood-vessel.
The lower jaw is proportionally shallower. The cranium of the
young Chimpanzee is far broader, more arched and less anteriorly
compressed, and therefore frir more anthropoid. These characters
however degenerate with age.

It differs yet more from the form of skull exhibited by the adult
Orang Utan, where the strongly developed cranial ridges and widely
expanded zygomatic arches give the skull a carnivorous aspect.
These peculiarities we have seen to be ab^^nt in the Gibbon. The
flatness of the bones of the nose of this Ape is an additional distinc-
tion. On the other hand, it agrees with the Orang in the oblitera-
tion of the cranial sutures of the adult.

In the large development of the supradliary ridges this skull re-
minds us of the Baboons, which present however a more degraded
form, and may be distinguished by the greater narrowness of the
cranium, by the less circular form of the orbits, by the greater pro-
longation of the muzzle and the greater ^pace between the zygomatic
arch and the skull.

The dentition of the Gibbon dainu no especial notice ; the in-
daors and molars are moderate in size, whilst the canines are large,
their roots apparently readung nearly to the internal comer of the
orbits.

Section !!•— Or tu Tmora.

The vertebral formula of the AgOe Gibbon is — cervical. 7 ; dorsal,
13 ; lumbar. 5 ; sacral, 4 ; coccygeal, 4. The comparison of these

15

numbers with those ci some of its congeners and near allies will be
exhibited by the following table : —

NoMofAnML

OarnoL

DoiaL

Um^.

SmmL

CoOTsed.

TM.

13

5
5
5
S

3

4

33
33
31
36
31
33

ChimpuiiM

Qnmg Utan

Of the cenrical v er tebrae I need only remark, that the transverse
processes of the atlas are produced long and narrow, more so than
in Man. The first dorsal verte b ra is the smallest, after which they
gradually increase in size. The transverse processes of the lumbur
▼ertebrae are less developed than in Man, and are more uniform in size.
It will be noticed that whilst the Inmbur verte b rae of the Chimpanzee
and Orang Utan are four, two of the Gibbons have five and one has
six; in the extent (tf this region therefore tfaeyapproach Man. The
aacral vertebrae are perfectly anchylosed together, but not to the
coccygeal, and form about their middle an angle, the lower part
being curved backwards. The upper portion thus remains in a line
with the vertebral column, and part only is thrown backwards instead
of the whole, as in Man. The first pair of foramina are almost obli-
terated, and are therefore not so large as in Man and the Chimpanzee ;
the three following are persistent. As in the Orangs, the sacrum is
narrower than in the human skeleton. Tlie weakness of these parts
indicates the less amount of capability of assuming the erect posture
than is granted to Man. The (jibbons are especially fitted for arbo-
real progression ; and although by the assistance of their lengthened
fore extremities, touching the ground on either side, and as it were
acting as cnitches, they are perhaps more at home in the erect pos-
ture on level surfiEices than either the Chimpanzee or Orang Utan,
yet their movements are awkward and constrained. The Gibbons
are the only Mammals which can assume the erect posture whilst
they walk on all four extremities.

The thorax, which is formed by seven true and six fidse ribs, is
larger and more conical in form than in Man. The great activity of
the Gtibbons requires large respiratory organs ; hence we find the
thorax proportionally large (see Prof. Owen on Orangs, ubi siqnra) ;
at the same time it affords increased attachments to tibe strong pec-
toral muscles required by the lengthened arms. One contrivance
thus answers two ends.

The last three ribs are unattached by cartilage to the sternum,
which consbts of five pieces, whereof the last is free. In the num-
ber of its component pieces the sternum of the Active Gibbon agrees
with Man and the Chimpanzee, and differs firom the Orang Utan,
where it is formed of seven or eight small pieces arranged in a double
row. The manubrium differs slightly from the human in being pro-
portionally broader.

16

Compared wiUi the ribs of the Chimpanzee, those of the Active
Gibbon are slight in form : compared with those of a Baboon, they
are strong.

A reference to the dorsal column of the table of vertebrae given
above will show that the number of ribs varies considerably in the
genus Hylobates,

Section III. — Oi^ the Foas Extaemities.

The clavicles, which from their great length throw the scapulae
far backwards, and give great breadth to the shoulders, are flattened
horizontally, have but little marks of tendinous attachment, and pre-
sent neither the double curvature of Man nor the straightness of the
Orang Utan, but a simple gentle curvature outwards.

The scapulae are of a more lengthened shape than in the human
subject, from which they also differ in having the aspect of the gle-
noid cavity far less laterally and more upwardly directed, in the
.upper edge of the bone rather descending than ascending from this
cavity, in the convexity instead of concavity of the humeral edge,
and the far greater acuteness of the inferior angle.

The peculiarities to be remarked in the humerus are its extraordi-
nary length, reaching to just above the head of the femur, its slight-
ness of form, and the general weakness of its elevations. The tuber-
cles at the superior head are very small. Its twist occurs about
one-third from the upper extremity of the bone, as in Man. The
external apophysis can scarcely be said to exist; the internal is
present.

The fore-arm is remarkable for its length (which is yet more ex-
traordinary than that of the arm), for the slendemess of its form,
and for the extent of the interosseous space fortned by the great
outward curvature of the radius : by this last character the Gibbon
is distanced from Man, but approximated to the Orangs. The greatest
distance of the radius from the ulna occurs about one-third of the
length of the fore-arm from the superior articulation ; not near the
inferior head, as in the human skeleton. The olecranon of the ulna
appears neither so broad nor so strong as in Man.

In this specimen the fore-arm is two inches longer than the arm.
In the adult Hoolock the difference is about 1^ inch; in the /fy/o-
bates concolor about 2^ inches. These proportions correspond with
those of the Orangs, but are at variance with the human, where the
arm is about two inches longer than the fore-arm. Now it is re-
markable that in the immature Gribbons the proportion of these
parts has been found to resemble the human (see Dr. Harlan, ubi
supra).- Not only then are the skulls of these monkeys more anthro-
poid in youth thim maturity, but likewise the proportions of the an-
terior extremities. Retrogression with advancing age from a superior
to an inferior tjrpe of organization is not so common in nature as the
converse.

The carpus of the Agile Gibbon appears to contain the same eight
bones as in Man ; not eleven, as Daubenton states that the Hylobates

17

Iv-poncsBes (Mvtui.«ii«qm). IlievUeliuid]
for its alendeineas and lengtii, by vliidi it is bomtiliilly adiptgd for
graspiiil^tliebcNig^of treesorinysndibbgects: die fingen bivii-
tain aunilar propoftiaQs, one to anodicr. to those of Mnu Hie
thumb, longer than in the Chimpaniee, where it does not qoite equal
in length die sB^liaip^ bone o£ die lint ingar. ia slender in fom.

So extqM r din ary is the length o£ die fore eztreouty, diat die ka-
nienis readies to neadj the same part o£ die trank as die wrist in
Man, and that die fingen really reat on die groond iriien die animal
asBomes the erect posture, llie lengdi o£ die fore-arm of dus she-
leUm, whose total height is only about two foet, positively exoeads
in leogth thatof the sdult human snbject, being deven mcheslong.

Never kne I ^aan n skdeton whidi better illuabrates the htw of
animal mecfaanicB, diat rapidity of movement depends on the elon«
gation of the short arm oi the lever (which every bone represents)
in pn^Kxtion to the long arm of the same ; or (odierwise expressed)
on the extent of the dititanre between the fokram and weight in
proportion to die distuice between the liikmm and die power.

As reqiects the prvqportions of die fore-limbs, the Qrang Utsn
approaches die Gibbons, and retrogresses hom Man more than die
Chimpvixee, since in the former the arms reach to the bed, in the
latter to about die knee-joint.

Section IV. — Or thx Hzkd Extxsmitixs.

The pelvis presents OS widi a type for degraded from the fiimanous.
The hips are narrow; die iUnc bones long and flat, and their anporior
margins do not present an arc of a circle, as in Msn, and indeed to
a certain extent in die Chimpanzee. The iachiatic bones, instead of
retreating for backward firom die symphyas of the pubes, are nearly
on a plane widi die ilisc wings ; their inferior margins are not cir-
cular, as in Man, but present diree sides of a lengdiened parallelo-
gram. The symphysis of die pubic bones resembles diat of Man
more than does that of die young Chimpanzee.

The bones of the lower extremities are characterized, as those of
the pectoral limbs, by die riendemess of their form and the slightness
of their elevations.

The trochanters of the femur are small ; the linmi aspera absent.
The lleamentnm teres appears to have been present, thus agreeing
with Man and all the Simiadm, excepting the Orang Utan.

The tibia and fibula have rather a larger interosseous space than
in Man, consequent on the bowing of the fibula, lliis space is large
in the Orang Utan (Owen, ubi supra).

The relative proportions of the leg and fore-leg are similar to the
human.

Let me here introduce a remark made on this animal by Yanrell,
viz. that both the upper and lower extremities are incapable of the
same extension as in Man, owing to the strong facial expansion of
rthe fiexor tendons passing before the elbows and behind the knee-
joints to be attached to the upper halves of their respective bones

18

below these parts (Noteg on Dissection of Active Gibbon, Zoological
Journal, vol. v. p. 14).

' The foot is remarkable for the smallness of the os calcis, a character
common to the Orangs and the lower Monkeys, and which, giving
less basal surface to the foot, indicates less power of supporting the
frame in the erect posture. The hind-foot is formed for grasping
the branches of trees and not for walking on the ground. The meta-
tarsal bones decrease in strength (as in the hand) from the first
towards the little finger. The thumb is strongly formed, especially
its metatarsal bone. The ungueal phalanges are wanting in the
second and third finger, and the ungu^ and penultimate in the little
finger of the only hind extremity mounted on the skeleton. These
defects in the hind-foot arise from the animal having been affected
some time previous to her death with a morbid state of constitution
(supposed to arise from confinement), which caused her to gnaw off
the ends of some of her fingers. The foot is thrown less on the
external edge than in the lower Quadrumana.

I am fully conscious of the imperfection of this account of the
osteology of the Active Gibbon, yet trust that I have called atten-
tion to some points in which the organization of the skeleton is
beautifully adapted to the habits of the creature. No part of the
studies of a naturalist is more interesting or instructive than thus to
trace, however imperfectiy, the hand of an all- wise Creator in the
works of nature. Edw. Fby.

The next paper contained '• Descriptions of eleven new species of
Australian Birds," by John Gould, Esq. : —

Athens mabhorata. Ath» omni superiore corpore, alls, cauddque,
saturate fuscis, nuchd autem, alarum tectridbus, et scapularibus,
4>b8cure alho maculatis; pogoniis intemis primariorum ad basin et
rectricum lateralium faaciis stramineis, ad extremam pogoniam
albicantibus, omatis; facie et mento albidis ; corpore inferiore
saturate ftisco, albo et arenaceo colore maculato.
All the upper surface, wings and tail dark brown, obscurely spotted
with white round the back of the neck, on the wing-coverts and sca-
pularies ; inner webs of the primaries at their base, and the inner
webs of the lateral tail-feathers crossed by bands, which are buff^next
the shaft and white towards the extremity of the webs ; face and chin
whitish ; under surface dark brown, blotched with white and sandy
brown ; legs and thighs fawn-colour ; bill horn-colour ; feet yellow.
Total length, 14 inches ; bill, 1^ ; wing, 9^ ; tail, 6 ; tarsi, 2.
Hab. South Australia.

Remark. — Nearly allied to Athene maculata, but much exceeding
that species in size.

Athbnb bufa. Ath. disco faciali saturate fusco ; omni corpore,

suprci saturate fuscOt infrd, arenaceo-ru/oi multis autem lineis rufo»

fuscis transversimfasciato.

Facial disc dark brown ; all the upper surface dark brown, crossed

by numerous narrow bars of reddish brown, the tints becoming paler

19

and the faarrings laiger and more distinct on the lower part of the
body, wings and tail ; aU the nnder snrfiioe sandy red, crossed by
numerous bars of reddish brown ; the feathers of die throat with a
line of brown down the centre ; vent, legs and thighs of a pder tint,
with the bam more numerous, but not so decided ; bill horn-colour;
toes yellowish, slightly clothed with feathen.

Total length, 20 inches; bfll, 1^; wing, 13^ ; tail. 9| ; tara, 2^.

Hob. Port Essington.

RemaHi. — A Tery powerful species, nearly allied to Atkeme streima,

Ai.cToifx PUiiCHnA. Aic. oamt tarpon mperiore spUmHik pmrjm-
rttMcade^afOMeo ; alU fnseo^nuprit ; Joru, eriMhddpMt tmrem, et
guld, stramineis; laieribus pectoris pmrpurtscenie-eymuis, tn vmi
eohrem ad iatera mergeniUms,
All die upper surface shining purplish blue ; wings brownish black;
lores, tuft bdiind the ear and throat buff; under sor&ce deep fer-
ruginous orange ; sides of the chest ine purplish blue, passing into a
rich vinous tint on ^e ilanks; irides and bill black ; feet orange.
Total leu^, 6 inches; bill, 2; wing. 2}; tail. 1^; tarsi, f.
Hab. Port Essington.

Remark. — This is by £Eur the finest of the Australian Alcyones, and
is at once distinguished by the rich blue of the upper surface and the
beautiful vinous colouring of the flanks.

Alctovb DxBXEiTBNSis. Aic. onuU saperiore earpare mtent^ cffoneo^
ad taropygintm et tectrieee caadsB n g^eriore s spkadidms ; alU nigris
tyoMeo imatU; galdatramined; vertice nigro mdiMtiacikfasciato,

All the upper sw^ce deq> blue, becoming more vivid on the rump
and upper tak-coveits ; wings black, washed with blue; diroat buff $
under suriiBLce of the body and wings ferru^ous orange ; on each aids
of the chest a patch of bluish black; lores and a small patch behind
the ears buff; crown of the head indistinctly barred with black;
irides and bill black; fieet orange.

Total length, 6^ inches ; bill, 2 ; wing, 3| ; tail. If ; tarsi, ^^

Hab, Van Diemen*s Land.

Remark, — ^Radier more robust than Alcyone azmrea or A. pidchra,
and differing from both in ^e blue of die upper sur&ee, which is less
brilliant and of a slight greenish tinge.

EopsAi^TBiA LBUcooASTsn. Etips, poTVO mocolo triangnlari ante
ocuium nigro; vertice, corpcre saperiore^ alia cauddque, saturaU^
griseis; corpore inferiore albo.

Immediately before the eye a small triangular-shaped spot of black ;
above the eye a faint line ol greyish white; crown of the head, all
the upper surfaee, wings and tail dark slate-grey 4 the lateral tail-
feathers largely tipped with white on their inner webs; all the under
surface white ; irides dark brown; biU and feet black.

Total length, 5} inches; bill. ||; wmg, 3; tail. 2J; tarsi. J*

Hab, Western Australia.

The sexes are alike in plumage.

Strbfbba abouta. Strep, toto corpore nigro ; remigum apieibus

20

fascis ; crisso, et pogoniis intemis primariomm secundariarumpte
ad basin et tertus partis apicaUs rectricum albis.
All the plumage black, becoming browner on the tips of the wing-
feathers ; base of the inner webs of the primaries and secondaries,
the under tail-coverts and the apical third of the inner webs of the
tail-feathers white ; irides yellow ; bill and feet black.

Total length, 21 indies; bill, 2 ; wmg, llf; tail, 10; tarsi, 2|.

Hah, Van Diemen's Land.

Remark* — ^This is the largest species of the genus I hare yet seen.

STaspBRA PLUMBBA. Strep, corpore superiore plumbeO'griseo, ad
fnmtem loresque multo safaratias; idis mgris$ secundariorum
margvMlms griseiSf apieihus, et crisso, albis.

All the upper surface leaden-grey, becoming much darker on
the fordiead and lores ; wings black ; secondaries margined with
grey and tipped with white ; basal half of the inner webs of the pri-
maries white, of the outer webs grey ; the remainder of their length
black, slightly tipped with white ; tul black, margined with grey and
largely tipped with white ; all the under surface greyish-brown ;
under tail-coverts white ; irides, bill and feet black.

Total length, 18 inches; bill, 2f ; wing, 11|; taQ, 9; tarsi, 2|.

Hob. Western Australia.

Stbbpeba xblanoftbba. Strep, corpore superiore cauddque nigris ;
corpore inferiore fuscO'^iigra, abdomine griseo tincto $ crisso rec-
tricibusqw, duaiis intermedOs eieceptis, albis.

All the upper smrfece, wings and tail black ; under surfeoe brown-
ish-black, tinged with grey on the abdomen ; under tail-coverts and
tips of all but the two centre tail-feathers white ; irides yellow ; ImH
and feet black.

Total length, 19 inches; bill, 2; wing, 11; tail, 9; tarsi, 2^.

Hob. South Australia.

Remark, — ^Distinguished from all other spedes by the total absence
of any wlute mark on the wings.

Oallinula tsnebbosa. Gal. griseo^mgra; dorso scapularibusgue
nigris; crisso medio nigro ad latera albo.

General plumage greyish-black, with the exception of the back and
scapularies, which are deep brown, and the primaries and tail, which
are nearly pure black; undor tail-coverts black in the centre and
pure white on the sides ; frontal plate orange ; base of the bill blood-
red ; tip greenish yellow ; above the knee a garter of yellow and
scarlet ; joints of the legs and feet green ; under surface of the legs
and feet olive ; the sides of the tarsi and frontal plates of the toes
yellow ; frontal plates of the tarsi yellow ; those nearest the knee
stained with scarlet ; irides olive.

Total length, 15 inches; bill, 1^ ; wing, 8 ; tail, 8 ; tarsi, 2^.

Hab, South Australia.

Remark, — ^The above is the description of a female ; the male is
supposed to be larger in size, and to differ in being of a paler hue
beneath, and in having the whole of the upper surface brown.

21

Stlochxuoov STSKHuus. I^l./roaievefticeet miekd$ttiii^mgri$ ;
dono du amddqwep^Sii cnervo-^mett; reUfuUphmu clKf.

Forehead, crown and nape deep gloBBj black; back, wings and tail
pale aahy gnj» becoming lighter on the tail and deepening into daric
grey on the primaries, the shafts of which are white ; remainder of
the plumage pore white; irides black; bill scarlet* stained with
yellow on the ndes and tq>, and with greenish yellow near the ex-
tremity.

Total length, 20^ indies; bin,4: wing, 16}; tafl, 6|; tani, 2.

Hob. Soiitiiem coasts of Aostralia.

Eemark. — ^The above is the description of the plumage iA the
breeding season ; at other times the head instead of being whdly
black is mottled with black and white.

SuLA PBBSOKATA. Sul, oJba; teetricibus alantm wkajorUms, sectm-
dams, tertiaUbus, rectridbus hUeraUbus, et rectriatm uUermedU
arum aptcibus, uUeiuk fiucia.

The whole of the plomage pure wiiite, with the exception of the
greater wing-corerts, primaries, secondaries, tertiaries, the tips of
the two central and ^e whole of the lateral tail-feathers, which are
of a rich chocolate-brown ; irides yellow ; naked skin of the face and
chin in dead specimen dull blmsh black; legs greenish blue.

Total length, 29 indies; bin, 5; wing, 16}; tail, 8}; tani. 2}.

Hab. NorUi and north-east coasts of Austndia.

Remark, — ^A very robust and powerful species.

23

March 10. 1846.
William YarreD, Esq.. llce-President, in the Chair.

The following extract was read from a letter dated Madeira, Feb. 7,
1846, from the Society's Corresponding Member, the Rev. R. T.
Lowe: —

" I have the pleasme oi sending the Sodetj a fine example of the
rare fish LtdUa Fodi^.Cnv. and VaL, being the first that has occonred
here, and also considered nnfrequent in the Meditenanean."

A paper was then read entitled " Descriptions of two new species
of Cfpr^ea" by Lovell Reeve : —

Ctpilba Gaskoinii. Cfpr. testd subabbreviato-ovatdj solidiuscmld,
laieribus imcranatis^ wutrguuUis, dentibus fortiugculis; dorso
fulvo-stramineo, oceUis alhidts^/usco-OMMMlaiis^parviiucMlis, spar-
sim omatOt lateribus castameo-puMctiUis, ban albd^

Hab. ?

This interesting species, of which I have seen two specimens, one
in the British Museum and one in the collection of J. S. Graskoin,
Esq., partakes of the characters of tiie Cypnea Cummgii and esontro-
pia ; the back being covered with the same kind of small clear ringed
eyes as the C. Cuming. I dedicate it with a great deal of pleasure
to the gendeman above named, to whom 1 am much indebted for the
zeal with which he has worked out tiie small and less attractive
species of the genus.

Ctpraa FULiCAaiA. Qpr. testd swhcylindraceo-oblongd, mUice
subdeclhn, latere dextro margmato, ieuiter coutracto, apertwrd
angustd, detUUms mimUis; peHucido-albd, vei hUed, lateribus dor-
soqveptmctis rubido-fuscis subconspicms aspersis.

Hab. ?

Allied to C. piperata, but perfectly distinct, though it has been
hitherto mingled with that species in collections ; it is of a smaller
and more cylindrically oblong form, and is not banded, whilst the
dots are more conspicuous.

The following paper was also read : —

" Descriptions of three new species of Cyprtea" by J. S. Gaskoin,
Esq.

CTFiLfiA PELLUCiDULA. Cjfp. tcstd ovotd, mttdd, albicottte subhya-
lind ; cosieUis continuis ad utrumque latus apertura terminatis ;
dentibus ^squaHbus, minimis, numerosisque ; sulco columellari pro-
funda, lata; lined dorsali nulld; extremitatibus valdh productis et
obtusis ; aperturd rectd, poslice subsinuatd.

No. CLVII. PaOCEEDINGS OF THB ZOOLOGICAL SoCIBTY

24

Semipellucid Cowbt. — Shell ovate, of a beautiful semipellucid
white colour, sliining ; the ribs — anterior, posterior and dorsal — ter-
minate in teeth on both sides and ends of the aperture, and traverse
the oolumellar groove to its inner edge ; a few ribs do not continue
over the dorsum ; the teeth, even, fine, and numerous, about thirty
on the lip ; columellar groove, deep and broad ; base round ; margins
wide ; no dorsal impression ; extremities much produced, and obtuse ;
aperture straight, except a slight curve at its posterior extremity.
Size I'^ths of an inch.

Hah, South Pacific.

Gab. Gaskoin, &c.

Differs from exigua of Gray, the tremeza of Duclos, in being less
gibbous, ribs more numerous, finer, more even and regular, and but
two or three terminate on the sides of the shell, none on the dorsum ;
they pass continuously over the shell from one side of the aperture
to the other ; shell perfectly colourless, and has no dorsal line or
impression*

Ctpilba Pisum. Cyp. testa spherotdali, pallescente; costellis pro^
minentUms, ex aperturd ad lineam dorsalem decurrentibus, et in
lineam attenvatam tertninantibus ; dentibus promnentibus ; sulco
eolumellari lato; aperturd latiUBculd posttc^ flexvosd ; bast rotun-
datd; margine externa incrassato, supra extremitates extenso;
extremitatibus crassis; lined dorsali profundd, ex extremitatibus
posticis ad anticam testa partem continud.
Pea Cowbt. — Shell spheroidal, of a very light fewn colour ; ribs
large and prominent ; nearly every rib extends from the aperture and
terminates generally, tftpering to a point, at the dorsal depression ;
mostly the terttinations on one side pass between those of the other,
especially on the anterior half of the shell ; each third or fourth rib,
amounting to about seven, ends on the lip at the base of the shell ; all
the other ribs on both sides form, by continuance, the teeth, which
are strong and prominent; about twenty-three on the columellar
side of the aperture, which extend across the oolumellar groove and
serrate its inner edge ; those on the outer side or lip about twenty-
one in number ; cokimellar groove broad and deep ; aperture rather
wide, curved, particularly at the posterior portion; base round;
margin on the outer side very thick, extending over the beaks ; none
on the columellar side; extremities or beaks obtuse, thick, and
slightly produced ; dorsal depression deep, extending from between
the posterior extremities to the anterior end of the shell, being more
deeply impressed beside the apex.
Long, -i^ths of an inch.
Hab. East Indies.
Specimen unicum. Cab. Gaskoin.

The characters of this shell are so distinctive that it bears no re-
lation to any yet described Cyprma ; it is nearest in form to Cypraa
formosa of Gaskoin.

CypBiBA PuLLA. Cypr. testa ovatd, nitidd, fusco-rubescente, cos-
tellis dentibusque concolaribus ; costellis usque ad lineam dorsalem

25

Mi piarmmm comikmh, et mi MVfnet t^perturm te

Mmieo eohamelUai Mido, munyiuf imiermo iemiibms serrmio ; iper-

tmrdtmgmM; IMo exierno cMtrnt imenusmio ; egtmntmtiin pmt^

Rkddish-bbowk Cowxt. — Shell ovate, shining, of a daik reddish*
brown colour; ribs the ooloiir id the shell, mostly terminate at the
dorssl depression ; a yerj few on the sides of the shell, thcnoe ex-
tending to form teeth on both ades of the iqpertoie ; on the outer
side or lip about eighteen, and about sixteen on the columellar side ;
cohimellar groove whitish, the teeth traverse it and serrate its entire
inner edge ; aperture narrow, very slightly spiral ; base round ; margin
thick, none on the columdlar side ; extremities slightly produced.

Differs from ^be/msea of Oray, in the ribs of tibe base, and the
teeth not being white, but of the same colour as the sheU ; in the
ribs being much finer, in having a dorsal line or impression, and in
being of a deeper and redder colour.

Long. -m^hE of an inch.

Hob. ?

Cab. Oaskoin, &c.

26

March 24, 1846.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

The first communication was the following Note from Mr. Gulliver,
on the size of the Blood- Corpuscles of Birds, with measurements by -
Dr. Davy of the Blood- Corpuscles of some Fishes and of a Humming
Bird.

While my friend Dr. Davy was employed by our Government on
a special medical service at Constantinople, and afterwards as princi-
pal medical officer at Barbadoes, he communicated to me the mea-
surements, appended hereto, of the blood-corpuscles of some animals.
Medical officers residing in different parts of the world might
render a very acceptable service to physiology, by giving an account
of the blood-corpuscles not yet examined of various animals ; and
doubtless some new or otherwise interesting facts would thus be ob-
tained, especially among the larger Cetacea, the smallest birds, the
cartilaginous fishes, reptiles and amphibia.

Dr. Davy shows that some fcetal sharks, six or seven inches long,
have oval corpuscles like those of the adult ; and he confirms Pro-
fessor Wagner's observation as to their large size in this family.

Although, in a strictly natural family of Mammalia, as the Rodents
or the Ruminants, there is a relation between the size of the corpus-
cles and that of the animal, there is no such relation in Mammalia
of different orders. But in the entire class of Birds the law for the
size of the corpuscles is the same as in a single family of Mammalia ;
at least among birds no example has yet been found of comparatively
large corpuscles in the smallest species and of more minute corpus-
cles in the largest species. I have elsewhere* remarked the neces-
sity of examining the blood of the Humming Birds with reference to
this view ; which is now supported by Dr. Davy's observation, show-
ing that the corpuscles of a bird of this kind are as small as those
hitherto examined of any bird, as may be seen by reference to the
copious tables of my measurements of the blood-corpuscles of Verte-
brata, in the ' Proceedings of the Zoological Society,' October 14,
1846. The long diameter of the corpuscles of Rallus Philippinensis
is 1-209 7th of an inch, and not l-2997th» as there printed. In my
observations in this class, those great birds the Ostrich and the Java-
nese Cassowary were found to have the largest blood-corpuscles;
while the smallest corpuscles occurred in the Httle insectivorous and
granivorous birds. The average length of the corpuscles of the Cas-
sowary was 1- 1455th and their breadth 1- 2800th of an inch.

These remarks all refer to the red corpuscles ; and the measure-
ments of them in the following notes by Dr. Davy are, like all my
measurements, in vulgar fractions of an English inch. — G. G.

* Gerbcr's Anatomy, Appendix, p. 26. Load. 1842.

27

Torpedo oculata. — Blood from heart : long diameter of the corpus-
cles about 1-800 ; short diameter 1-1000. Some further particulars
have been given respecting them in a paper deposited in the archives
of the Royal Society.

Spigota (Perca marhta), — Blood from vessels of gills : long dia-
meter of corpuscles from 1-4000 to 1-3750 ; short diameter 1-4000.

Pylamedes (Tkymius Pylamedes), — Long diameter of corpuscles
about 1-2000; short diameter about 1-3000.

A small species of Mackerel, corpuscles 1-2286 by 1-4000. Taken
from the heart ; oil particles four times as large were mixed vrith the
red particles.

A small fish ; species of it I have not yet made out ; corpuscles about
1-4000 to 1-3000, by about 1-6000.

Another species 1 have not yet made out; particles about 1-3000
by 1-4000.

Another small species, not made out ; particles, most of them cir-
cular, about 1-4000 ; a few elliptical.

iSwor(^->i»A.~Particles, long diameter, from 1-2000 to 1-3200;
short diameter, 1-3200 to 1-5333.

Red Mullet, — Many particles circular, about 1-4000; some ellip-
tical, about 1-2286 by 1-3200.

John Dory. — Corpuscles 1-1777 by 1-2666; some nearly circular.
A species of large Mackerel ; corpuscles about 1-2000 to 1-2666,
by about 1-4000.

Small spotted Dog-fish. — Corpuscles about 1-1333 by 1-2000.
Sturgeon. — Cori)Uscles about 1-1600 by 1-2666.
Sfualus acanthias. — Corpuscles about 1-1231 by 1-1777; nucleus
elliptical.

Brown spotted Dog-fish. — Corpuscles from 1-1000 to 1-1143, by
1-1600 to 1-1455.
Tunny (Tkynnus communis). — Corpuscles 1-1600 by 1-2666.
JBel, species I have not made out; corpuscles about 1-2000 by
1-3200 ; a few circular.

A species of small fish I have not yet made out ; corpuscles about
1-2666 by 1-4000.

A species of Scyllium, a cartila^ous fish, probably a new species.
I have sent a specimen to Chatham. Corpuscles about 1-1000 by
1-2000.

In a female of the same kind some of the blood-particles were as
large as 1-666 by 1-888; nucleus about 1-2666 and globular.

Fcetiis oiSqwdus acanthias; corpuscles about 1-1000 by 1-1600 :
foetus about seven inches long.

Fcetus of Squabu sfuatina, about six inches long ; corpuscles about
l-IOOO by 1-1333.

Small fish ; 1 have not yet made out the species ; corpuscles about
1-2000 by 1-2666.

Another small fish, the kind of which is at present unknown to me;
corpuscles about 1-2666 ; the majority of them circular.

These are the results of the few observations I made in Constan-
tinople. Not having books to refer to, I could not at the time deter-

28

mine several of tiie fishes, nor have I yet had leisure to compare my
notes with authorities on the subject, to make out the species. The
size of the particles of all the cartilaginous fishes is very much larger
than of the osseous ; the particles were few in number, transparent,
soft, readily changing their shape from slight pressure ; nuclei distinct,

I have given the dimensions just as I noted them down. All the
fishes were fresh. J* D.

Ck>iutantmople, Jan. 8, 1842.

I have had a Humming Bird killed and instantly brought to me;
its blood- corpuscles were beautifully definite, regular and uniform.
The disc very thin, perfectly flat, the nucleus slightly raised, and the
two corresponding in outline. The corpuscle l-2666th by l-4000th
of an inch ; the long diameter of the nucleus very nearly l-4000th.
The blood was small in quantity, as I apprehend is the blood of birds
generally, but not deficient in red corpuscles. I have found its tem-
perature to be about 105^. Whilst its solid food is insects, I believe
its drink b the sweet juice of flowers. I have not a book to refer to
for the species. Tail-feathers black ; head green ; rump green ; wings
brownish, almost black. J. D.

Barbadoes, Jan. 7, 1846.

The next paper was entitled " Descriptions of thirty new species
of Helicea, belonging to the collection of H. Cuming, Esq.," by Dr.
L. Pfeiffer:—

1 . HbXiIx Swainsoki, Pfr. HeL testd umbiHcatd, utrinque depres-
sissimd, tenui, pelluddd, subarcuatim ruguloso-striatd, virescenti'
Jkdvd, lineis 2 rufis otnatd ; anftaciibus 5 depressis, medio con-
vexiusculis, carinatis; carind rufescente, acutd, breviter promt-
nente, sttbrvgnlosd ; umbUico mediocriy pro/undo; aperturd per-
obUqud, depress eecuri/ormi; perietomate simpUce, recto, margins
columellari subincrassato,

Diam. 16, alt. 5 mill.

From Tahiti ; under stones (B. W. Tucker, Esq.).

2. Hblix stsnobtoma, P£r. ffel. testd imper/oratd, globuloso-
depressd, solidd, sublavigatd, nitidd, albd, fascid unicd fused ad
peripkeriam et seriebus 2 macuktrum aurantiarum omatd, punc-
tisque griseia obsolete aspersd ; an/ractibus 4^ vijp convexiusculi^,
ultimo vetUroso, antit^ abrupt'^ defiewo ; aperturd subhorizontali,
ellipticd; perietomate albo, labiato, margimhue approximatis, su-
pero breviter expanso, basali arcuato, oppress^ refiexo,

Diam. 13-15, alt. 8|-9 mill.
Locality unknown.

3. BuLiMUs HOLOSTOMA, Pfr. Bul. testd rimatO'per/oraid, cglin-
draced, apice obtuso, opaco, cameo-cinereo, oblique et valide pli-
cato-costaio ; anfractibus 7 eubplanulatia, deorsum attenuatis,
supernh subangulatie, ultimo ^ longitudinis subtequante; aperturd

29

vertictdi» oblimgd, imtegrd; peri»tonmie wnpUce, acuta, margmi-
bus subparallelia, wpero bravUer wduto,
Laoig. 9, diam. 2% mill.

From Cobija, Bolivia, on the hills under biuheg (H. Cuming).
The same species brought from the Sandwich Islands by B. W. Tucker,
Esq.?

4. BuxJMus Leai, Pfr« BuL testd imperforatd, ovaio^onoided,
obiusd, soliduld, obli^ tenuiter striaid, mtidd, fidvescentualbd ;
anfractibus 5^ convexiusculis, ultimo spird breviore, bast aubglo-
boso ; columeUd strictiusculd, declivi, perdilatatd, subplanatd, bast
subtruncatd ; aperturd obsolete subtetragono-rotundatd, intus albd ;
peristomate breviter expanso, subiacrassato.

Long. 37, diam. 24 mill.

From the Philippine Islands (H. Cuming).

Nearly allied to Bui. cincinni/ormis,

5. BuLiMtTs FBKX8TBATTT8, Pfr. Bul, testd per/oratd, subfusiformU
oblongd, soliduld, longitudinaliter profundi undulato-sulcosd, albd,
fasciis infra 65, et strigis undulatis nigricanti-castaneisfeneatratd ;
suturd crenulatd; anfractibus 6^ convexiusculis, ultimo spiram
canicam, acutam paulb superante; columelld subplicatd, oblique
recedente, lilaced; aperturd oblongo-semiovali, intus lilacind; pe-
ristomate expanso, margins columellari superv^ angulatim refiexo,
subappresso.

Long. 45, diam. 18 mill.
From Mexico.

6. BuLiMUS Dabwini, Pfr. Bul. testd profundi rimatd, ovato-
conicd, soliduld, rugis noduhtis et crispis, valid^ sculptis, sordidh
albidis; spird conicd, apice acutiusculo, cornea ; anfractibus 6
convexis, 3 supremis subUevigatis, ultimo spiram subaquantes
columelld subtortd, subverticali ; aperturd latd, subovali, intus
nitiduld, albd, tuberculo calloso, pro/undo in ventre anfractds pe-
nultimi coarctatd; peristomate simplice, recto, margins dextro
supernk arcuato, columellari perdilatato, patente.

Long. 17, diam. 19 milL

From the Gallapagos Islands ; found on bushes (C. Darwin, Esq.)*

7. BuLiMtJs scvLFTUBATus, Pfr. BuL testd petforotdj ovato-tur'
ritd, tenuiusculd, longitudinaliter subremotk et valid^ undulato^
rugosd, inter stitiis rugarum spiraliter argufb stnatd^fusculd, spird
elongatO'Conicd, apice acutiusculo, comeo ; anfractibus 7 convexis,
ultimo \ longitudinis subaguante ; columelld strictd, basin aper-
tura attingente; aperturd ellipticd, basi angulatd; peristomate
simplice, acuto, margine columellari fomicatim reflexo, Kbero,

Long. 14, diam. 6^ mill.

From the Gallapagos Islands ; found on bushes (Darwin);

8. BuLiMUs HoNuuBA^ANUs, Pfr. BuL testd aperfh perforatd
ovato^eonicd, l<Bvigatd, nitidd, fiaveseenti-albidd, fasciis 3 aredgue
umbUicali fusco-roseis omatd ; anfractibus 6 vix aomvexiusaUis,

30

ultimo spird conicd, acutd paulb breviore ; colwnelld strictd, ver-
ticali; aperturd ovaU'Obiongd, intus amcoiore; peristomate sim-
piice, recto, margine cobnaeUari in laminam triangularem subf4)r-
nicatatn expamo.

Long. 18^, dianL. 10 mill.

From Honduras (Dyson).

9. BuLiifus BARCODES, Pfr. BuL testd aperth per/oratd, ohlongO'
conicd, tenui, striatuld, lineis spiralibus sub lente obsoletissim^
decnssatdf earned; spird conicd, acutiusculd; anfractibus 6 con^
vexiuBCulis, ultimo ^ longitudinis subaquante; columelld leviter
arcuatd; aperturd ovali, intus nitidd; peristomate recto, acuto^
margine dextro arcuato, columellari dilatuto,/omxcatvm patente.

Long. 17^, diam. 8 mill.

From Honduras (Dyson).

iO. BuiiiMUs TucKRBi, Pfr. Bui. testd perforatd, cylindraceo'
subulatd, tenui, longitudinaliter distinct^ striatd, nitiduld, cered ;
spird elongatd, apice acutiusculo ; anfractibus 9 convexiusculis^
ultimo ^ longitudinis vix aquante ; columelld oblique recedente^
aperturd ovali-oblongd ; peristomate simpUce, acuto, margine co^
Jumellari superne dilatato, patente.

Long. 5, diam. 2| mill.

From Sir Charles Hardy's Island, Pacific Ocean (B. W. Tueker«
Esq.).

11. BuLiMus Gbunebi, Pfr. BuL testd angust^ perforatd, eyiin*
draceo-turritd, .lavigatd, nitidd, albidd unicolore vel fusco obUguk
Mrigatd vel macularum spadicearum seriebus nonnullis jcingulatd ;
^ird elongatd, apice acuto; suturd albo-marginatd ; anfractibus
7—8 planU, ultimo ^ longitudinis tequante; columelld subtortd;
aperturd ovali-oblongd ; peristomate simplice, recto, margine colu-
mellari basi subexpanso, superh^ fornicatim reflexo.

Long. 28, diam. 10 mill.

/3. Perforatione apertd, margine peristomatis fomicatim patente.

From Mexico.

12. BuLiMUS ViNCKNTiNus, Pfr. Btd, testd suhperforatd, fust-
formi, tenui, lavigatd, lineis concentricis leviter impressis sculptd,

nitidd, pelbiddd, lutescenti'hgalind,fasciis 5 subaqualibus violaceo^
Juscis omatd ; ^pird conicd, apice acutiusculo, nigro ; anfractibus
6 planiusculis, ultimo spiram subcequante, basi attenuato ; columelld
paulb recedente ; aperturd obliqud, ovali-oblongd, intus concolore;
peristomate tenui, margine dextro breviter expanse, supern^ dila^
tato, columellari in laminam iriangularem angulatim refiexo, per-
forationem fer'k claudente.
Long. 30, diam. 11;^ milL

0. unicolor citrind vel stramined, paulb gracilior.
Long. 30, diam. 10^ mill.
• From the Island of St Vincents (Rev. L. Guilding) : var. /3. from
.Venezuela; on bushes (Linden).

31

13. BuL^Mus Obbignti, Pfr. BuL testd umhilicatd, obiango-tur-
ritd, tenui, regulariter et con/ertim plicatd, albd; spird turritd,
acutd ; anfractibus 7^ convexiusculis, ultimo -J- longitudinis sub-
aquante; umbilico angusto, aperto; calumelld vix arcuatd; aper-
turd oblongd ; peristomate eimpUce, acuto, marginibus subparalleUs
supern^ conntventibus, columellari ^ubfomicato, patente.

Long. 19, diam. 8 mill.
Locality unknown.

14. BuLiMus Petiti, Pfr. Bui testd perforatd, ovato-conicd, soU-
duldt longitudinaliter rugoso'-striatd, striis concentricis, irregula-
ribus obsoletissimk subdecussatdy fused ; spird conicd, apice obtuso^
pallido; suturd crenulatd, albido-marginatd ; anfractibus 6 plani-
usculis, ultimo spiram paulh superante; columelld leviter arcuatd;
aperturd acuto-ovali, intus nitiduld, lividd ; peristomate simplice,
recto, margine dextro acuto, columellari dilataio, albido, liberi
refiexo.

Long. 26, dianu 16 nulL
From Peru.

15. BuLiMus Sandwicbnsis, Pfr. Bui. testd perforatd, cylindraoeO'
turritd, apice acutiusculo, tenui, striatulo, comeo, strigis albis,
opaciSf irregularibus, variegato ; anfractibus \Ovix convexiusculis,
ultimo \ longitudinis non aquante, basi circa perforationem aper-
tarn subcompresso ; aperturd oblongo-ovali ; peristomate simplice,
tenui, margine dextro leviter arcuato, expansiusculo, columellari
membranaceo, fomicato, patente.

Long. 15, diam. 4§ mill.

From the SaiMiwich Isfends (B. W. Tucker, Esq.).

16. Pupa pacipica, Pfr. Pup. testd profundi rimatd, ovato-cylin'
draced, apice obtusiusculo, solidulo, sublavigato, fusco- comeo ;
tmfractibus 5^- convexis, ultimo ^ longitudinis subcequante ; aper-
turd semiovali, edentuld ; peristomate breviter expanso, intus albo^
labiato, margine dextro supernk breviter curvato, tuberculo calloso
interdum juxtaposito, columellari latiore, patente.

Long. 4^, diam. 2^ mill.

From Sir Charles Hardy's Island, Pac^c Ocean (B. W. Tucker,
Esq.).

17. AcHATiNA CYLiNDBACEA, Pfr. Ank. tcstd subcylindracca utrin-
que breviter attenuatd, lavigatd, nitidd, lutescenti-corned ; suturd
lineari, albo-marginatd ; spird brevi, conoided, obtusiusculd ; an-
fractibus 5 planuUUis, ultimo | longitudinis aquante ; columelld

tortd, lamind callosd, albd, acut^ prominente, per longitudinem
munitd^ subtruncatd ; aperturd angustd, acuminato-oblongd, basi
rotundatd ; peristomate simplice, margine dextro medio antrorsum
dilatato.

Long. 13, diam. 5^ mill.

From Tortilla, Central America ; in damp places.

Belongs, by the formation of the columella, to that aberrant group
of A. columna, Lattrei, aberrans, Dysoni, anomala, splendida, &c.

32

IS. AcHATiNA Dtsoni, Pfr. Ach. te$td ohlongo-conicd, teauiasimd,
gUibrd,peUucidd, niHdd, lutescenii-comed ; tpird canicd, obtusuts^
add; suturd sin^iee; anfraetUms 5 eanvejnusculis, ultimo f Ion-
gitudims aubequatUe, deorswn subdilataie; columelld arcuatim
tortd, mbeaUoBd, vix truHCtUd; aperturd mtgusid, aeummatO"
oblongd, ban rotundatd ; periatomaU simphcet tenuis nutrgine
dextro medio antrorsum dilatato.

Long. 9|, diam. 4 mill.

From Honduras; found under decayed leaves by Mr. Dyson.

19. AcHATiiTA Sandwiceksis, Pfr. Ach. testd ovato-conicd, .ob-
liqt^ striatd, subopacd, sordid^ corned; spird conicd, obtusiuacufd ;
suivtrd lifted impressd marginaid; anfractUnu 6 j- planul^tis, ultimo
^ longitudims vix superante; columelld arcuatd, plict^o-tontd ;
nperturd latd, semiovali; peristotnate simplice, margine dextro
obtuso, columeUari subreflexo, appregso.

Long. 7, diam. 3^ mill.

From the Sandwich Islands (B. W. Tucker, Ksq.).

20. AcHATiKA (Glandina) Sowbbbyaka, Pfr. Ach, testd ovato-
/usi/ormi, tenuiueculd, diaphand, longitudinaUter cottfertim pUcatd,
striis spiralibus, imegualiter distautibue decussato-graMulatdtJulvO'
rubelld, strigis remotie, fuscie onuttd; epird corned, ^ynce acutd;
suturd albo-marginatd, crenulatd; tmfiractibus 7i plamuseulis,
ultimo ^ longitudinis subsegwuUe; columeUd arcuatd, basi abrupt^
truneatd ; aperturd acuminatO'Oblongd ; penstomate sin^ice, mar-
ginibus callo tenuijunctis, dextro reptwdo.

Long. 88, diam. 38 milL

From Totontepec, Mexico ; on decayed vegetable matter.

21. AcHATiKA (Glandina) isabrluna, Pfr. Ach. testd fusi^
formi'Oblongd, tenui, nitidd, sub lente spiraliter conferiim striatd,
peUucidd, isabellind ; suturd Uned impressd marginatd ; anfracti-
bus 6 convexiusculis, ultimo spird conicd, obtusd vix breviore;
columelld obliqud, etrictiusculd, supra basin apertura ellipticO'
oblonga breviter truneatd ; peristamate simplice, obtuso.

Long. 26, diam. medio 10 mill.

From Mexico ; found in decayed trunks of treies.

22. AcHATiNA (Glandina) Toktillana, Pfr. Ach, testd s^bfus^'
formi'Ovatd, solidvld, striis longitudintdibus, confertis regulariter
seulptd, nitidd, peUucidd, paUide corned, maculis et strigis opacis,
lactescentibus irregulariter signatd ; suturd submarginatd; anfrac-
tibus 7i convexiusculis, ultimo spiram conicam, obtusam, vix supC"
rante; columelld fortiter arcuatd, supra basin aperture eUiptico-
obhnga abrupt^ truneatd; peristomate simplice, obtuso, margine
dextro medio subdilatato.

Long. 20, diam. medio 8 mill.

From Tortilla, Central America ; in damp places.

23. BuuMUB AU&ATUS, Pfr. Bui, testd subobtecth per/oratd, ob-
longo'turritd, temd, longitudinaliter subtiliter striatd, peUucidd,

33

auratd, lineis saturatioribus spiraiihus ohsoleth notatd ; spird tur-
ritd, obtusd; suiurd submarginatd, minutl crenulatd; anfractibus
7 %nx convejnusculis, ultimo f longitudinis vix {squante; columelld
strictiusculd ; aperturd ovaluohlongd ; peristomate simpUce, recto,
margine columellari breviter refiexo, sibappresso.

Long. dO» diam. 10 mill.

Locality unknown.

24. BuLiMUS Panatensis, Pfr. BuL testd imperforatd, subulatd,
tehui, lavigatd, pellucidd, cereo-hyaUnd ; spird elongatd, apice
obtuso ; anfractibus 8 latis, vix convexiusculis, ultimo \ longitu-
dinis vix aquante; columelld brevi, strictiusculd ; aperturd ovali^
oblongd, basi subangulatd; peristomate simplice, recto, margine
columellari breviter reflexo, appresso.

Long. 11, diam. 2^ mill.

From Dingle, island of Panay (Gaming).

25. BuLiMus FBBSPECTiYus, Pfr. BuL testd umbilicatd, oblongo-
conicd, tenui, striatuld, pellucidd, nitidd, ru/o-comed; spird elon-
gatO'Conicd, acutiusculd ; anfractibus 7 convexiusculis, ultimo j-
longitudinis iequante, basi subangulatim compresso; umbilico an-
gusto, profunc^ perspectivo ; aperturd oblongd ; peristomate sim-
plice, rufo, marginibus conniventibus, callo tenui junctis, dextro
breviter expanso, columellari dilatato, patente.

Long. 1 6, diam. 6^ mill.
Locality unknown.

26. BuLiMus Mebidanus, Pfr. BuL testd perforatd', oblongo-
sub/usi/ormifStriatuld, kevigatd, lutescenti-albidd, fasciis angustis
caruleO'/uscis, vel latis castaneis, strigatim interruptis ornatd;
spird turrito-conicd, acutiusculd ; anfractibus 6 planiusculis, ul-
timo spiram cequante; columelld leviter arcuatd; aperturd oblongo-
ovali, intus concolore; peristomate simplice, margine dextro bre-
viter expanso, columellari dilatato, fomicatim reflexo, albo, perfo-
rationemfer"^ occultante.

Long. 29, diam. 11 mill.
From Merida, Andes of Bolivia.

27. BuLiMus Monte viDBNSis, Pfr. Bui. testd perforatd, ovato-
conicd, subfusiformi, tenui, obliqul striatuld, non nitente, albidd,
opacd, lineis longitudinalibus crebris, pellucidis, pallid^ corneis
strigatd; spird conicd, apice acuto; anfractibus 7-8 planiusculis,
ultimo spird paulb breviore, interdum medio obsolete angulato;
columelld verticali, strictd; aperturd oblongo-ovali ; peristomate
simplice, recto, margine columellari membranaceo, fomicatim re-
flexo.

Long. 28, diam. 12 mill.

From Montevideo, Buenos Ayres.

28. BvLiMUs JussiEui, Val. Mur. BuL testd perforatd, ovato-
conicd, striis rudibus incrementi spiralibusque minutis irregulariter
decussato-granulatd, corned, obliqu^ albido- strigatd ; spird conicd.

34

acutiusculd ; anfractibus 6 cofwewiuscHlis, ultimo 9j^ram €Bqu9nte;

columelld recedente, subarcuatd; aperturd ovali, ifUus niti& albd;

peristomate simplice, recto, margine columellari albtdQ, dilatato,

sub/omicatim rifiexo.
Long. 32« diam. 15 mill.
From Casoo«

29. BuLiMus BoLiviANus, Pfr. BuL testd per/oraid, oblongo"
turriid, lineis itnpressis sub lente minutisnmk decuasatd, nitidd,
albido-rubettd, fasciis latis, bddiis, subinterruptis omatd; spird
turritd, apice acuto, rubro ; anfractibus 7 pkmis, ultimo convex-
iusculo, ^ longitudinis subaquante; columelld torto-plicatd, rosed;
aperturd ovali-oblongd, intus concolore; peristomate simplice,
margine dextro breviter expanso, columellari perdUatato, r^xo,
excavata, perforationem rimte/ormem/erl tegente.

Long. 33, cdam. 13 mill.
From Merida, Andes of Bolivia.

30. BuLiMUS Ofarakx7s, Pfr. BuL testa subimper/oratd, subulatd,
longitudinaliter distinct^ striatd, tenui, hyalino-cered ; spird subu-
latd, acutiusculd; anfractibus 9 vix convexiusculis, ultimo \ longi-
tudinis subcequantci columelld vix arcuatd ; aperturd oblongo-ovali ;
peristomate simplice, recto, margine columelldri fomicatim brevis-
Wm^ reflexo, adnata.

Long. 11, diam. 3 mill. (Spec, max.)

From the island of Opara ; found in earth at the roots of plants
(H. Cuming, Esq.).

The following paper was also read« entitled " Descriptions of new
species of Shells," by Dr. J. H. Jonas : —

GucuLLiEA GRANULOSA, Jonas. Cuc, testd quadrato-rhombed, tur-
gidd, ienuiusculd, iwequivalvi, testaceo-albd, violaceo-rubro postic^
prasertim maculatd et flammulatd; lateribus supern^ attenuatis,
angulatis, antico breviore, infra rotundato, postico longiore, suban-
gulatO'declivi, umbonibus acutis incurvis, carind ab umbone ad
unguium posticum et in/erum decurrente; per longitudinem dens^
striatd, liris striis transversalibus decussantibus subtiliter granulo-
sis ; ligamenti ared mediocri, corio comeo nigro indutd; intus albd
postic^ violaceo tinctd, margine serratd, aurieuld internd mediocri,
cardhus dentibus ktteroHbus amticis tribuSy posticis^[uatuor.
Long, marginis ventralis, 2^ poll. ; altit. 2 ; crassities, 1| poll.
Specimina etiam majora vidi*
Hab, In Man Ghinensi.

Thb shell differs from the Cuculkea concamerata. Martini (Cucul-
hea auriculifera. Lam.), as follows : 1. It is thinner and less trans-
versally prdonged ; 2, the elevated longitudinal striae are not flat,
and not broader than the interstices, as with the other species, ap-
pearing subtilely granulated by transversely crossing and very close
striae ; 3, the ligamentary area is somewhat flatter ; 4, the internal
auricles are smidler ; and 5, there are on the anterior side three and

35

on the posterior four lateral teeth, wfaiLit ^^ other apecies has on
each side one tooth less. {Cardme utrinfue stMicasMo, Lam.)

VBifBBUPis TSKUiSTaiATA, Jouas. VcH. testd avaU, trwuwrsd,€Bfuu
valvi, ifucfuilaterali, albd, striis radiantilms tenuihus uudulatis,
sulcis ittcrementi distantibus decussatis, concinn^ sculptd; lateribus
rotundatis, marginibus dorsali et ventrali paralMis leviterque ar-
cuatis ; lamdd nulld, ligamento longo, pronUnente, umbonibus parvia
actttis ; cardine utrhisque vulvae dentibu8 tribus compressis ; hn-
presswnUms musculorum magnis, rotundis, sinu paUiari lato, prO'
/undo, aemilunari.

Long. 15, altit. 9» crassit. 6 lin.

Hab, Apud Singaporen.

Exstat in museo hon. Grnmer.

The umbones are situated so near the anterior end that the su-
perior margin of the shell almost forms the area.

Fasciolabia claya, Jonas. Ftuc. testd subjustformi-clavatd, ven-
tricosisshnd, crassd, ponderosd, nodosd, albd, rubro variegatd, filis
Juscis transversim hnpresso'Striatd ; anfractibus octo medio angu^
kUis, tubercvlis magnis compressis in angtdo coronatis; ultimo
supern^ anguhto et coronato, infra angulum seriebus tribus nodo-
rum obtusorum armato; suturd undulatd, crispd ; caudd spira
sub^equali, obliguk Jitniculatd, rectd, infem^ subrecurvd; aperturd
oblohgo-ovatd, intus hepaticd, aurantio tenuissim^ striatd, labro
crasso, dentato; dentibus striis extemis respondentibus ; columelld
cylindraced, hepaticd, basi triplicatd.

Long. 5i, lat. zi poll.

Hab. In Oc. India.

Amphibola obvoluta, Jonas. Amph. testd solidd, nitidd, superhh
pland, infernk convexd, lat^ umbilicatd; anfractibus quatuor obvo-
lutis,suturdprofundd divisis, transversa striatis, albis : ultimo zonis
duabus latis, glaucis obsolete balteato, obtuse supernk angulato ;
aperturd ovatdj labro postick subexciso, columelld rectd, callosiS'
simd, callo umbilicum latum pro parte tegente; regione umbilicali
et callo fuscis.
Altit. ab apice ad aperturse basin, 8 ; ad ultimi anfracttls basin, 6 ;
diameter major 10^. minor 8 ; aperturee long. &j|-, latit. 3^ lin.
Patria, Australia meridionalis.
Exstat in museo hon. Gruner.

Schumacher was the first who in his ' Essai d'un nouveau Syst^me
des habitations des vers testac^s, k Copenhague 1817,' elevated the
Nerita nux aveUana, Chemn., to a peculiar genus, which he named
Amphibola. Lamarck ranged it among the AmpuUarias, till Quoy and
Graimard separated it, after careful examination of the animal, from
this genus, and instituted it the type of the genus Ampullacera.
It appears from this that Amphibola and Ampullacera are identical,
and that the first denomination has the priority.

Our species is very like to the Amphibola aveUana, but may how-
ever be distinguished from it by the following differences : — 1, it is

36

thicker ; 2, the whorls are lying in one plane, the spire is depressed*
not elevated, as with the other species ; and the last whorl, which
almost entirely forms the whole shell, is very much drawn down ;
3, it is not perforated, and although largely umbilicated, yet the
other smaller whorls are not visible in the umbilic ; and 4, it distih-
guishes itself by a very callous columella, which partly propagates
over the spire, following the suture at a dista|ice of five lines.

S7

April 14. 1846.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

A collection of forty-six Bird-skins from India, received from Col.
. Sykes, was exhibited to the Meeting. The collection was of interest
from containing specimens of several species obtained further north
than it is hitherto recorded that they have been observed.

The following communications were read: " Descriptions of twenty
new species of Helicea, in the collection of H. Cuming, Esq.," by
t)r. L. Pfeiffer :—

1. Helix stjturalis, Pfr. Hel. testd latl umbilicatd, depressd,
subdiscoided, tenui, sub lente minutissime granulosd, ftisco-comed ;
spirdpland, medio suhimmersd; suturd profundd; anfractibus 4
convexissimis, ultimo antice descendente; aperturd perobliqud,
subcirculari ; peristomate simplice, marginibus conniventibus, dex-
tro recto, supern^ fornicator columellari subrecedente^ ar^uato,
basalique breviter refiexo.

Diam. 10, alt. 4 mill.

Found at Honduras under decayed leaves by Mr, Dyson.

Nearly allied to H. Nystiana.

2. Helix Candahabica, Pfr. HeL testd umbilicatd, orbiculato-
convexiusculd, oblique striatuld, nitiduld,Ju8cescenti'albidd,fasciis
angustis, maculose interruptis, nigricantibus et rufis omatd; spird
vix elevatd, apice nitido, comeo; anfractibus 5 convexiusculis,
ultimo antic'k non descendente; umbilico infundibuliformi, anfrac^
tuum penultimum late monstrante, medio angustissimo ; aperturd
obliqud, lunatO'Ovali ; peristomate acuto, inius subremofh labiato,
marginibus conniventibus, columellari vix dilatato.

Diam. 16, alt. 7^ mill.

From Candahar, East Indies (Benson).

3. Helix aulacospiba, Pfr. HeL testd lat^ umbilicatd, depressd,
discoided, tenui, irregulariter et leviter malleatd, lineis impressis,
concentricis, confertis regulariter sulcatd, lutescenti-comed ; spird
pland; anfractibus 4^ depressis, celeriter accrescentibus ; umbilico
lato, perspectivo ; aperturd subverticali, oblique lunato^ovali ; pe-
ristomate simplice, tenui, margine columellari non reflexo*

Diam. 12, alt. 4^ mill.
Locality unknown.

4. Helix Gqssbi, Pfr. Hel, testd imperforatd, orbiculato^conoided,
tenui, irregulariter plicatulO'Striatd, non nitente, diaphand,Julvidd,
fascid unicd periphericd, angustd, castaned, alterdque swperiore

Nos. CLVIII. CLIX. & CLX.— Pboceedings of the Zool. Soc.

38

obsoletd omatd; spird breviter conoided, obtusd; anfractibus 5
planiusculis, ultimo basi subplanulato ; columelld declivi, angustd,
pland, introrsum acutd; aperturd obliqud, elliptico-lunari, intus
concolore ; perist ornate simpHce, tenui, recto,

Diam. 16, alt. 9 mill.

From the Blue Mountains (Jamaica), under stones ; found by Mr.
Gosse.

5. Helix Montfortiana, Pfr. Hel, testd imper/oratd, turbinatd,
crassd, ponderosd, nigricantUrufd, epidermide fuscO'^cinered hy-
drophand indutd ; spird conoided, apice obtuso, nudo, nitido, vio-
laceO'purpurascente ; anfractibus 4^ t;t> convexiusculis, ultimo
angulato; angulo anticl evanescente,' columelld declivi, callosd,
albd, basi subdentatd; aperturd subtetragond, intus nitido albd^
peristmnate breviter reflexo, nigro-fusco limbato.

Diam. 31, alt. 22 miU.
From the Philippine Islands.

This sheU appears intermediate between HeL Bruguiereana, Pfr.,
and carbonaria, Sow.

6. AcHATiNELLA RoHRi, Pfr. Ack. tcstd ovatO'Conicd, longitudi-
naliter striatuld, striis spiralibus, confertissimis decnssatd, albido-
fttlvd, fasciis angusiis castanets varib omatd; spird conicd, acuti-
ttsculd; anfractibus 6 viof convexiusculis^ ultimo spiram subaquante,
medio compresso ; columelld tortd, callosd, vix dentatd ; aperturd
subtetragond, intus nitido lacted; peristomate recto, intus labiato,
marginibus subparallelis, dextro supernl breviter curvato.

Long. 24, diam. 13 mill.

From the Sandwich Islands (Capt. Rohr).

7. AcHATiNELLA T^NiOLATA, Pfr. Ack. tcstd ovoto-oblongd, solidd,
striatuld, nitidd, albd,fasciis variisfuscis, deorsum obsoletioribus
omatd; spird conicd, acutiusculd; anfractibus 6 convexiusculis,
ultimo ^ longitudinis subcequante; columelld albd, supernh valide
dentato-pUcatd ; aperturd irregulariter semiovali, intus albd,nitidd;
peristomate extus brevissimb incrassato, intus valde labiato, mar-
gine columellari dilatato, reflexo, appresso.

Long. 20, diam. medio 11 mill.
From the Sandwich Islands.

8. BuLiMus (Pabtula) amabilis, Pfr. Sul. testd sinistrorsd, sub-
perforatd^ ovato-turritd, soliduld, striatuld, nitidd, citrind, apice
acuto rubicundo ; suturd albo-marginatd ; anfractibus 5, supremis
ptanis, reliquis convexis, ultimo inflato, spird breviore ; columelld
subsimplice, vix plicatd ; aperturd oblongo-semiovali ; peristomate
subincrassato, albo, expanso-refiexiusculo, mar gine columellari hto,
piano, patente.

Long. 23, diam. 11^ mill.

/3. Paulb minor, fasciislatisnigricanti^castaneisQmatni, peristomate

fuScO'livido.
From Annaa or Chain Island*

39

9. BuLiMus (Partula) Ganymedes, Pfr. BuL testd umbiHcatd,
ohlongO'Conicd, tenui, striis incrementi crehris Uneisque undulatis,
confertissimis, impressis minute decussatd, scabriusculd, sub epi-
dermide citrind fugacissimd albicante, non nitente ; spird conicd,
acutiusculd; anfractibus b\ convesnusculis, ultimo spiram sub'
{equante, medio obsoletissime ungulato,fa8cid unicd latiusculd cas^
taned omato ; columelld strictiusculd ; aperturd oblongd, superne
obliqub truncatd ; peristomate simplice, tenui, undique lafh expanso.

Long. 23, diam. 10^ mill.
From the Society Islands.

10. BuLiMUs (Partula) Hebe, Pfr. Bui, testd perforatd^ globoso-
conicd, tenui, sub lente minutissiml decussatd, hyalind; spird
brevi, conicd, acutd; anfractibus 4^ plams, ultimo spiram supe-
rante, globoso; columelld brevi, subplicatd; aperturd latd, subse-
micirculari, callo dentiformi prof undo in ventre anfractds penulti^
mi coarctatd ; peristomate intus albo-calloso, undique breviter ex^
panso.

Long. 16, diam. 9 mill.

From the Society Islands (Mr. Mallet).

11. BuLiMUs (Partula) isabellinus, Pfr. BuL testd subperfo^
ratd, oblongO'Conicd, solidd, striatuld,. isabeUind ; spird conicd
acutiusculd ; anfractibus 5 convexiusculis, supremis lineis impres^
sis, spiralibus tenuissim^ sculptis, ultimo spird paulb breviore, basi
antice rotundato ; columelld alba, plicato-gibbd ; aperturd oblongo-
ovali, callo dentiformi, profundo in ventre anfractds penultimi
coarctatd; peristomate calloso, albo, lat^ expanso, reflexiusculo,
margine columellari dilatato, sinuato-reflexo.

Long. 22, diam. 10 mill.
Locality unknown.

12. BuLiMus (Partula) eadiolatus, Pfr. BuL testd subperfo-
ratd, oblongo-attenuatd, apice obtuso, tenui, lineis spiralibus im^
pressis, distantiusculis sculptd, pallid^ stramined, strigis saturation
ribus et lineis fuscis radiolatd ; anfractibus 5 convexiusculis, ultimo
spiram subaquante, antict basi tumido ; columelld brevi^ breviter
recedente; aperturd obliqu^ ovali, intus nitidd, fiaivd ; peristomate
simplice, tenui, albo, expanso, margine dextro strictiuscuio, colu-
mellari superh^ dUutato,fomicatO''patente.

Long. 19, diam. 10 mill.

j3. Testa carnea, radiis cinnamomeis.

From New Ireland.

13. Bulimub Dtboni, Pfr. BuL testd angustl perforatd, oblongo*
ovatd, soliduld, tenuiter longitudi$uiliter striatd, subdMxphand,
fuscO'Corned ; spird conicd, apice acutiusculo; anfractibus 6-6^
convexis, ultimo ^ longitudinis sub€equante; columelld leviter ar-
cuatd, basin attingente ; aperturd ellipticd, basi subangulatd ; pe-
ristomate simplice, recto, marginibus callo tenui junctis, dextro
arcuato, cum columellari, supern^ dilatato, fomicatim reflexo,
angulum formante.

40

Long. 20, diam. 9^ mill.
From Honduras (Mr. Dyson).

14. BuLiMUs CAKOBLARis, Pfr. Bul. testd suUstrorsd, profundk
rimatd, cylindraced, apice sensim attenuato, acuthiaculo, wbohliguk
striatttlo, sordid^ alho ; anfractibua 9 planiuscuUa, ultimo minus
oblique descendente, ^ longitudinis vis ^equante, basi subrotundato ;
aperturd semiovali, intus nitidd, albd; peristomate albo, undique
expanse, marginibus callo tenui junctis, columellari dilatato, pa-
tente.

Long. 27, diam. 8 mill.
Locality imknown.

15. BuLiMus GuEBiNi, Pfr. Bul. testd imper/oratdt obtongo-
ovatd, tenuiusculd, irregulariter rugosO'Striatd,fitlvO'/uscd; spird
conicd, obtusd, pallidius fulvidd, sirigis et maculis rufis omatd;
anfractibus 5 eonvexiusculis, ultimo spird paulb longiore; colu^
melld lutescente, arcuatd, supernk subtortd; aperturd acuto-ovali,
intus nitidissimd, plumbed ; peristomate breviter reflexo, lutescente,
basi cum columelld angulum indistinctum/ormante.

Long. 41, diam. 18^ mill.
From New Granada.

16. BuLiMus iNDicus, Pfr. — Achatina gracilis, Benson, MSS. —
Bul, testd subperforatd, subulatd, tenui, diaphand, comeo-cered,
subarcuatim con/ertissim^ striatd; spird subulatd, apice acutius-
culo ; anfractibus 8 planiusculis, ultimo ^ longitudinis subaquante;
columelld rectd, verticali; aperturd oblongd; peristomate simplice,
acuto, margine columellari usque ad basin breviter reflexo, perfo^
rationemferh tegente.

Long. 10, diam. 3^ mill.
From East India.

17. BuLiMUS KiENEEi, Pfr. BuL testd breviter rimatd, cylindraceo-
turritd, tenui, oblique confertim costatd, fusco-comeo et albido
irregulariter marmoratd; spird turritd, apice acutiusculo nigri-
cante; suturd pro/undd, crenatd; anfractibus 13 convexis, ultimo
i longitudinis subtequante, basi obsolete unicarinato; aperturd
lunatO'Circulari ; peristomate simplice, undique expanse, margini-
bus conniventibus, dextro perarcuato, columellari dilatato, patente.

Long. 18, diam. anfr. antepenult. 6 mill.
From Honduras (Mr. David Dyson).

18. BuLiMTJs Mabtinicexsis, Pfr. Bul. testd rimato-perforatd,
oblongo'turritd, obliqvl striatuld, soliduld, lutescenti-comed ; spird
turritd, obtusiusculd ; anfractibus 7 convexis, ultimo ^ longitudinis
vix superante ; aperturd ovato-oblongd ; peristomate breviter ex-
panse, intus albo-labiato, labie extus pellucente, marginibus sub-
convergentibus, dextro arcuate, columellari dilatato, patente.

Long. 20, diam. 8 mill.

From the island of Martinique (Petit).

41

19. BuLiMUS NiLAGiBicus, Pfr. BuL testd rimatO'per/oratd, oh'
longO'turritd, solidd, opacd, lineis impressis confertissimis subun^
dulatis obsolete sculptd, fused, albido obliqu^ strigatd; spird
regulariter turritd, apice obtttsiusculo ; anfractibus 8 vix convexi^
tisculis, ultimo ^ longitudinis subcequante, bast subcompresso ; aper^
turd ovnli ; peristomate expanso, latl aibo-labiato, margine dextro
supernb subangulato, columellari usque ad basin dilatato, patents.

Long. 28|, diam. 8 mill.

From the Neelgherries, East Indies.

20. BujiiMus zoNTJLATus, Pfr. Bul, testd perforatd, oblongo^
conicdy tenui, lavigatd, opacd, pallid^ stramined, seriebus 2 macu'
larumfuscarumpellucidarum cinctd, basi lineis 2 castaneis omatd;
spird conicd, acutiusculd, apice corneo ; anfractibus 6 convexius^
culis, ultimo spiram vix superante ; columella strictd; aperturd
ovali'Oblongd ; peristomate acuto, tenui, margine columellari a basi
dilatato, membranaceo, angulatim latl reflexo, perforationemfer^
occultante.

Long, 18, diam. 9 mill.

From Cabanatuan, province of Nueva Ecija, island of Luzon;
found by Mr. H. Cuming.

** Description of nine new species of Helicea, collected by H. Cu-
ming, Esq.," by Dr. L. Pfeiffer : —

1 . Helix lucidella, Pfr. Hel. testd minutd, perforatd, depressd,
striatuld, nitidissimd, brunned; spird subplanulatd ; suturd albo'
marginatd ; anfractibus 4 planis, ultimo basi vix convexiore, medio
impresso, angustissim^ perforato; aperturd obliqu^ lunari; peri-
stomate simplice, obtuso, margine columellari declivi, vix incrassato,

Diam. 3f , alt. 2 mill.

Found on the island of Luzon.

2. Helix abctispira, Pfr. HeL testd umbilicatd, depressd, sub"
discoided, confertim costatd, albidd, epidermide tenui fuscescente
indutd; spird convexiusculd ; anfractibus 5\convexis, angustissi-
mis; umbilico lato, perspective; aperturd parvuld, subverticali,
lunatO'Orbiculari ; peristomate simplice, acutd.

Diam. 2J, alt. 1^ mill.

From the island of Juan Fernandez.

Intermediate between H. epidermia, Aut., and tessellata, Muhlf.

3. Helix cyathellus, Pfr. HeL testd umbilicatd, conicd, obliqul
costatd, tenuiusculd, unicolore corned ; spird pyramidatd, acutius-
culd ; anfractibus 9 angustissimis, carind filiformi cinctis, ultimo
basi planiusculo, sublievigato ; umbilico majusculo, pervio ; aper-
turd depressd, angulato-lunari ; peristomate simplice, margine
super breviy recto^ basali leviter arcuato, brevissim^ reflexo,

Diam, 5^, alt. 4 mill.
From the island of Panay.

4. Helix doliolum, Pfr. Hel. testd perforatd, turbinatd, confer-

42

tissime et nUnuth costulato-striatd, pellucidd, non nitewte, corned ;

spird turhinatd, apice obtusiusculo ; an/ractibus 5 convewiuscuUs,

ultimo hast subplanato ; aperturd depressd, late limari ; peristomate

simplicissimo, recto,
Diam. 3|, alt. 2i mill.
From Sibonga, island of Zebu.

5. BuLiMus DiLATATUS, Pfr. BuL testd imperforatd, ovato-conicd,
obtusiusculd, solidd, ohUqti^ striatd, subtilissirne punctatd, castaned,
supernt fulvd ; an/ractibus 6 planiusculis, ultimo adsuturam albo-
unifasciatOf spird multb breviore; columelld subrectd, callosd,
albd, dilatatd; aperturd obliqud, late semiovali, intus lacted;
peristomate subincrassato, expanso, margine basali reflexo, ap-
presso.

Long. 34, diam. 22 mill.
Island of Luzon.

6. BuLiMUS ELONGATtJLUs, Pfr. BuL testd imperforatd, subulatd,
soliduld, sub epidermide tenuissime striatd (interdum obsolete de-
cussatd), albd; spird subulatd, acutd ; an/ractibus 8 planhisculis,
ultimo tertiam longitudinis partem fere (Equante ; columelld bre^
viter recedente, callosd, pland; aperturd oblongo-ovali ; peristomate
simplice, margine dextro antrorsum subarcuato, columellari subin-
crassato, appresso.

Long. 24, diam. 5^ mill.
Island of Luzon.

7. BuLiMus Gbatbloufi, Pfr. Bui, testd imperforatd, ovato-
oblongd, rugulosO'Striatd, tenuissimd, nitidd, pellucidd, stramineo-
albidd; anfractibus 6-7 convexiusculis, ultimo spird pauJh breviore;
columelld callosd, retrorsum flexuosd ; aperturd semiovali ; peri-
stomate simplice, acuto, margine dextro antrorsum arcuato.

Long. 18, diam. 8 mill.

Prom the islands of Luzon and Panay.

8. BuLiMUs Philiffinenbis, Pfr. Bui, testd imperforatd, ovatO'
turbinatd, solidd, nigricante, strigis obliquis epidermidis hydro-
phanee griseo-f usees ornatd ; spird conicd, ohtusiusculd, nudd, pal-
lidd; anfractibus 6 convexis, diametro celeriter accrescentibus,
ultimo spird paulh breviore; columelld vix obliqud, subtortd, ear-
ned ; aperturd lunato-orbiculari, intus lacted ; peristomate subin-
crassato, breviter reflexo, nigro-limbato, margine dextro valde
arcuato, columellari dilatato, expanso,

/3. Testa epidermide fusca, saturatius strigataferh omninb obducta,

fasciis variis nigricantibus circumdata.
Long. 63, diam. 41 mill.
From the islands of Luzon and Marinduque.

9. Helix Reeveana, Pfr. Hel, testd umbilicatd, svbdiscoided, te-
nuiusculd, oblique striatd, albidd, zonis 3-5 rufis ornatd; spird vix
convexiusculd, obtusd; anfractibus 4^-5 plamusculis, ultimo antice
subitb defiexo, basi concentrice et confertim striata ; umbiUco me-

43

diocri, pervio ; aperturd suhhorizontali, transverse ovali ; peri*
stomate suhsimplice, reflewo, marginibus junctis,
Diam. 30, alt. 12 mill.
Island of Zebu.

This shell has been often mistaken for H. Lasallii, Eydoux, and
is in many collections under that name ; but H, Lasallii is not this
species. It is quite congruent with H, meretria, Sow.

April 28, 1846.
No business was transacted.

May 12, 1846.
Richard C. Griffith, Esq., in the Chair.

Mr. H. E. Strickland exhibited a species of Corvus, discovered by
Capt. H. M. Drummond, 42nd R. H., which the latter gentleman
proposes to name Cortms collaris. In size and form it is closely
allied to the Common Jackdaw, Corvus monedula, but differs in the
much lighter silvery grey of the cheeks, occiput and nape, which
passes into a well-marked patch of pure white on each side of the
neck. The black on the crown is of less extent than in Corvus mo^
nedula, and the lower parts are of a slaty grey.

Capt. Drummond states that in Macedonia and Thessaly this bird
takes the place of C. monedula, which is common in the south of
Greece, and does not there differ from the Jackdaw of Britain.

May 26, 1846.
No business was transacted.

44

June 9, 1846.

George Gulliver, Esq., in the Chain

A foetal Condor, extracted from an egg laid in the menagerie, was
exhibited to the Meeting. The egg had been placed under a com-
mon hen, which remained sitting on it for six weeks and two days.
The length of the specimen is 5|- inches ; the extremities, particu-
larly the legs, are imperfectly developed, but the head had acquired
a specific vulturine character ; a strong line of downy filaments ex-
tends along the length of each pectoral muscle ; all the other parts of
the body are quite bare.

inches.

Length of the head 1|

Length of bones of wing 2

Length of bones of leg to the end of longest toe . . 2

Mr. Gould exhibited to the Meeting three new species of the family
of Trochilid€e, which he thus characterized : —

Teochiltis (Petasophoea) cokuscans. Troch, strigd intense c«-
ruled a mento per genas productd in aures, qua erectte ut cristulm
conspicantur ; plumis mediam gulam squamatim tegentibtis nitide
viridibus, areo et coccineo colore resplendentibus ; medio abdomine
cyaneo ; tectricibus cauda inferioribus sordide viridibus, ad apices
stramineis ; alis purpurascente fuscis.
Crown of the head, all the upper surface, wing-coverts and flanks
green ; tail-feathers very broad, steel-blue, with green reflections,
and crossed near the extremity with a broad band of a blackish hue,
as in the allied species Anais and serrirostris ; a band of rich pure
blue commences on the chin and extends along the sides of the
cheeks and on the ear- coverts, which when erected form conspicuous
tufts ; the scale-like feathers of the centre of the throat rich shining
green, with bronze and dull crimson reflections ; centre of the abdo-
men blue ; under tail- coverts dull green, broadly tipped with buflf;
wings purplish brown ; bill black ; feet brown.

Total length, 5 J inches ; bill, 1^ ; wing, 3 ; tail, 2.
Hab, The part of South America of which this bird is a native is
unknown.

This beautiful species is rather less in size than P. AncCis, from
which and every other species it is distinguished by the beautiful
marking of the throat, the greater extent of the blue on the abdomen,
and by the greater breadth of the feathers of the tail.
In my own collection.

45

TaocHiLUS (— — ?) FLABBLLiFBRus. TVoch, copite, collo, etpeciore,
nitide saturate cyaneo ; dorso, uropygio, teciricibus cauda superi*
oribus, et lateribus nitide viridibus ; lato maculo ad nucham semi-
lunari, abdomine, tectricibus caudte inferioribus, et caudd albis;
caudcB plumis ad extremam pogoniam fuseo marginatis; alts nigra ^
/uscis purpurea splendentibus.
All the head, neck and chest rich deep shining hlue ; hack, rump,
upper tail- coverts and flanks shining green ; a hroad crescent-shaped
mark at the hack of the neck, ahdomen, under tail-coverts and tail
pure white, the feathers of the latter bordered at the extremity with
brown ; wings blackish brown, with purple reflections.
Total length, 5 inches ; bill, l^ ; wing, 3 ; tail, 2.
Hab. Mexico.

Closely allied to T, meUivora, but distinguished from that species
by its much greater size and by the narrowness and browner colour
of the bordering of the tail-feathers.

Trochilus ( ?) STBOPHiANUS. JVock. moculo viridi infrontem

splendenti ; lato maculo semilunaris inter violaceam gulam et ab^
dominem viridem, albo ; rectricibus nigris.

On the forehead, immediately above the bill, a luminous spot of
green ; crown of the head, all the upper surface and abdomen dull
green; throat rich bluish violet, separated from the green of the
abdomen by a broad lunate gorget of white ; all the tail-feathers
black; wings blackish brown, with purple reflections; under tail**
coverts white ; bill black.

Total length, 4^ inches; bill, |; wing, 2|-; tail, 1|.

Hab, Precise locality ui^own.

Nearly allied to but smaller than the Omismyts Clarisse and
ParsntdM,

46

June 23, 1846.
Harpur Qamble, Beq., M.D., in the Chair.

Professor Owen read a Memoir (Part II.) on the Dinornis, descrip*
tive of parts of the skeleton transmitted from New Zealand since the
reading of Part L (Proo. ZooL Soc, November 1843.)

The bones referable to species defined in that communication
were first described. Among these were the cranial portion of the
skull of Dinornis struthoides and a corresponding portion of the skull
of Dinornis dromioides, which in general form more resembled that
part of the skull of the Dodo than of any existing bird ; but they are
remarkable for the great breadth of a low occipital region, which
slopes from below upwards and forwards ; the almost flat parietal
region is continued directly forwards into the broad sloping frontal
region ; the temporal fossce are remarkably wide and deep ; the orbits
small ; the olfactory chamber expanded posteriorly, but not to so
great an extent as in the Apteryx ; the plane of the foramen mag-
num is vertical. Many other characteristics in the cranial organi-
zation of the genus Dinornis were described, and the specific distinc-
tion of the two mutilated crania pointed out.

The tympanic bone of the Dinornis giganteus was deseribed in
detail and compared with the same bone in existing birds*

Different cervical and dorsal vertebrae, referable to the species
Din. giganteus, ingens, struthoides and crassus, were described. These
vertebrae were remarkably entire, and with some of the best-preserved
bones of the extremities, described in a subsequent part of the Me-
moir, had been obtained from a turbary formation on the coast of the
Middle Island, near Waikawaite.

One of the most interesting of the novel acquisitions from this
locality was an almost entire sternum, referred by Prof. Owen to the
Din. giganteus. It is a subquadrate, keel- less, shield-shaped bone,
broader than long, with the posterior angles and the xiphoid process
prolonged, as in the Apteryx, but without the anterior emargination.
The coracoid depressions very small. This bone was minutely de-
scribed and compared with the keel-less stemums of the existing
Struthious birds ; that of the Apteryx being demonstrated to be most
like the stemimi of Dinornis,

The following bones of the extremities, imperfectly or not at all
known in 1843, were next described : —

The entire femur of Dinornis giganteus. Entire tibiae and tarso-
metatarsi of Din. giganteus, indicating a robust variety of this stupen-
dous bird to have existed in the Middle Island.

The tarso-metatarsus of Dinornis ingens from the North Island,
distinguished by a rough depression indicative of a fourth or back-
toe, and consequently a genus (JPalapteryx) distinct from Dinornis.

47

Femora, tibi» and tarso-metatarsi of a Dinornis of the height of
the Din, ingens, but of more robust proportions, from the Middle
Island ; with a feeble indication of a surface for a back-toe.

The tibiae and tarso-metatarsi of Dinornis {Palapteryx) dromioides
from the North Island, confirming by their long and slender propor-
tions the conjecture hazarded in the author's former memoir (Zool.
Trans, vol. iii. pp. 252, 264). The tarso-metatarsus also shows the
rough elliptical surface for the attachment of the back-toe, indicating
the Din. dromioides to belong to the same generic or subgeneric sec-
tion as Din, ingens from the North Island.

Femora, tibia and tarso-metatarsi, from the Middle Island, were
next exhibited and described, which establish a new species, for
which Prof. Owen proposed the name of Din* casuarinus : a small
and feeble depression, five lines by three lines, indicates that this
species had a back-toe in the corresponding position with that in the
Apteryx, but more rudimental.

A very remarkable femur and tarso-metatarsal bone, also from
the Middle Island, were exhibited, belonging to an additional tri-
dactyle species, to which the name of Dinornis crassus was given.
Of this species the author remarks : " With a stature nearly equal to
that of the Ostrich, the femur and tarso-metatarsos present double
the thickness in proportion to their length. It must have been the
strongest and most robust of birds, and the best representative of
the pachydermal type in the feathered class."

The third new species is comparatively a small one, being inter-
mediate in size between the Dinornis didiformis and the Din, otidi-
formis ; it was founded on remains exclusively from the North Island,
and was called by the author Dinornis curtus.

The author expressed his grateful acknowledgments to the follow-
ing gentlemen, to whom he was indebted for the opportunity of
examining and depicting the specimens described in the present
Memoir: — Capt. SirEverard Home, Bart., R.N. ; the Hon. William
Martin, Chief Justice of New Zealand ; the Rev. Archdeaeon Wil-
liamB, Corr. Memb. Z. S. ; William Swainson, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S,,
the distinguished naturalist; Colonel William Wakefield; J. R.
Gowen, Esq., a Director of the New Zealand Company ; the Rev,
William Cotton, M.A. ; the Rev. Richard Taylor, M.A. ; the Rev.
William Colenso, M.A. ; Dr. Mackellar; George Bennett, Esq.,
F.L.S., and Percy Earl, Esq.

The paper (which was illustrated by numerous figures) concluded
by some general comparisons and remarks on the geographical
distribution of the different species of Dinornis, and with the fol-
lowing Table of admeasurements of the bones of the leg : —

4B
TABLE OF ADMEASUREMENTS

DimenBions of

Din.
giganteuB.

Din. ingena.

Din.

Length

Breadth of proximal end (in the axis of the neck)

Breadth (transverse) of distal end

Girciunferenoe of middle

in. Hn.
16
6

6 3

7 9

v^robustiu.f2,
in. Un. in. lin.
13 9 13

5 5 4 10

6 10 6 9

7 1 6 1

in. lin.

13

5

5 3

6 8

* Perhaps not quite enough allowed

Dimensions of

Din. giganteus.

Din. ingois.

Length

Breadth of proximal end ..

Breadth of distal end

Circumference of middle ..
Fibular ridge extends down

tl. tE.

in. lin. in. lin.

35 35

7 6 7

4 4 8

6 6 6 6

13 13

t2.

in. lin.

29
6 2
8 7
5 3

13

^E 1.

in. lin.

28 9
6 6
4
6 3

13

Dimensions of

Din. giganteus.

Din. ingens.

Length

Circumference at the middle <k the shaft

Breadth (transverse) of distal end

Breadth of middle of shaft

Tliickneas or antero-posterior diameter of ditto
Breadth (transverse) of proximal end

ml.

in. lin.

18 6
5 6
5 1*
1 11
1 6

mE.
in. lin.
18

m E. Colenao,
. rohuMius,
in. lin. in. lin.
13 9

14 6
5 6
5 6
1 10
1 5
4 3t

* The margins being broken and water-worn, I had not allowed sufficient for the entire bone.

X Perhaps not enough allowed for

Average Dimensions of Bones of Dinomis in

Length of femur

Circumference of ditto

Length of tibia

Circumference of ditto
Length of metatarsus
Circumference of ditto

Din.
giganteus.

in. lin.

16

7 3

3S

6 6

18 6

5 6

Din. ingens.

in. lin.

13 6
6 10

38 10
6

14
5

Ostrich.

in. lin.

11

5 3

18 6

4 3

16

3 7

Din.

in. lin.
12
6 8

8 6
4 8

49

OP THE BONES OF THE LEG.
the Femora.

Din.
strathoides.

Din.
casuarinus.

Din. dromioides.

Din. didiformifl.

Din.
curtiu.

Din.otidi.
fonnii.

flS./Coleruo.
in. lin. in. lin,
11 0« 12
4 2 4 2

4 3 4 4

5 6 5 6

/13. , /E.
in. lin. in. lin.
9 6t 10 4
3 5t 3 11
3 9 4 4
5 4 9

/6. / 16, /Taylor,

in. lin. in. lin. in. lin,

9 4t 9 6 9 7

3 6 3 6 3 6

3 7 3 7 3 8

4 1 4 3 10^

in. lin. in. lin.

8 8

2 10 3

3 3 3 2

4 4

/17.

m.Iin.
8 1
3 3

3 6

4 8

in. lin.

2 9

/lO.
in. lin.

2 1

for mutilated eztremitieB.

the Tibiae.

tib.

tib.

Din.

Din.

Din. casu-

Din. dro-

Din. didifonms.

Din.

Din.otidi.

crassns.

Btruthoidea.

arinus.

mioides.

curtus.

formis.

^3. t8^ ^9.

tu.

in. lin. in. lin.

in. lin.

in.Un.

in. lin. in. lin. in. lin.

in. lin.

in. lin.

19

21

15 6 15 4 15 4

11 3

8 9

5 6 5 4

5 6

4 8

4 5

3 3

2

.... ....

2 11

2 8

2 4

2

1 3

5 4 8

4 9

4

4

2 9

1 11

10 10

8 6

9

6 10

4 9

3 6

the Tarso-metatarsals.

Din.
crassus.

Din.
struthoidcs.

Din. casu-
arinus.

Din. dro-
mioides.

Din. didiformis.

Din. otidi-
formis.

m 3. m E.

in.Un.

in. lin, in. lin.

in. lin.

in. lin.

in. lin. in. lin.

in. lin.

8 6

12 11 6

8

10 5

7 6 10

4 8

4 3 4 2

4 2

3 9

3 3 3 3

2 10

4

4 Ot 4 5

3 10

3 4

3

1 10

16 16

1 7

1 4

15 13

1 2

11 11

10

10

9 9

3 3i

.... 3 5

3

2 10

2 3

1 11

t '^^th a ridge at the middle of inner condyle at proximal end.
water- worn margins of trochleee.

comparison ^^ith those of existing Struthionida,

Din.
struthoidcs.

Emeu.

Din. casu-
arinus.

Din. dro-
mioides.

Din. didi-
formis.

Din. curtus.

Din.otidi-
formis.

Apteryx.

in. lin.

in. lin.

in. lin.

in.Un.

in.Un.

in.Un.

in.Un.

in.Un.

11

9

10 2

9 6

8

3 9

4 2

3 7

4 9

4

4

2 9

2 1

1

25

16 10

19

21

16 3

11 3

8 9

5 3

6

3 4

4 9

4

4 1

2 9

1 11

1 3

12

15

8

10 6

7

6

....

3 3

4 3

3

4 2

3 9

3 6

2 10

....

51

July 14, 1846.
William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Prof. Owen communicated, as an ' Appendix to his Memoir on the
Dinornis,' some observations on the skuU and on the osteology of the
foot of the Dodo {Didus ineptus).

After a brief summary of the history of this remarkable extinct
brevipennate Bird, in which the reduced highly finished figure by
Savery, in his ftunous painting of • Orpheus charming the Beasts,'
now in the collection at the Hague, was particularly noticed ; and
the recent discovery of the skull of the Dodo amongst some old spe-
cimens in the Museum of Natural History at Copenhagen was men-
tioned, he proceeded to demonstrate the peculiarities of the Dodo's
skull, by a comparison of the cast of the head of the bird in the Aah-
molean Museum at Oxford with those of other recent and extinct
species of Birds.

The Dodo's skull differs from that of any species of Vulturida, or
any Raptorial Bird, in the greater elevation of the frontal bones above
the cerebral hemispheres, and in the sudden sinking of the inter-
orbital and nasal region of the forehead ; in the rapid compression
of the beak anterior to the orbits ; in the elongation of the compressed
mandibles, and in the depth and direction of the sloping symphysis
of the lower jaw. The eyes of the Dodo are very smcdl compared
with those of the Vulturida or other Raptores, The nostrils, it is^
true, pierce the cere, but are more advanced in position ; this how-
ever seems essentially to depend upon the excessive elongation of
the basal part of the upper mandible before the commencement of the
uncinated extremity ; the nostrils are pierced near the commence-
ment of this uncinated part as in the Vulturxda, but are nearer the
lower border of the mandible in the Dodo.

The resemblance between the skull of the Dodo and that of the
Albatros is chiefly in the compression and prolongation of the curved
mandibles : there are no traces in the Dodo of the hexagonal space
on the upper surface of the cranium of the Albatros, so well de-
fined there by the two supra-occipital ridges behind, the two tem-
poral ridges at the sides, and the two converging posterior boundaries
of the supra-orbital glandular fossae in front. There is no sudden
depression of the frontal region in the skull of the Albatros ; the
nostrils are near the upper surface of the basal third of the beak in
the Albatros ; and the Dodo's cranium is thrice as broad in propor-
tion to the breadth of the mid-part of the mandible as in that of the
Albatros.

More satisfactory evidence of the aflinities of the Dodo was ob-
tained from a comparison of the bones of the foot, which have recently

No. CLXI. — Pbocesdings of the Zoological Society.

52

been very skilfully and judieioasly exposed by the able Carator of
. the Ashmolean Museum.

The tareo-metatarsal bone most resembles in its thickness and
general proportions that of the Eagles, especiaUy the great Sea-
Eagles (Haliaetus) ; it is much stronger than the tarso-metatarsus of
any of the Vulturida, or than that of the Cock, the Crax, or any of
the GallitUB or existing Struthionida ; the stronger- footed species of
Dinomis most resemble it in the general proportions of the tarso-
metatarsus, but greatly differ in the particular configuration of the
bone, and in the absence, or feebler indication, as in the subgenus
Palapteryx, of the articulation for the metatarsal bone of the back-
toe. The relative size of this bone is greater in the Dodo than in
any other known bird. The Eagles make the nearest approach to
it in this respect ; as also in the shape of the hinder supplemental
metatarsal, tlie breadth of its distal end, and its peculiar twist back-
wards and outwards, so as to form a bridge or pulley against which
the flexor tendon of the hind-toe plays. This half-twist of the rudi-
mental hind-metatarsus is feebly repeated in the Gallium, but the
bone is much less expanded at its lower articular end, especially in
the Crax ; whilst the more typical Gallime are further distinguished
from the Dodo by their spur.

The Apteryx is the sole existing Struthious bird which possesses
the hind-toe ; but it is very much smaller than in the Dodo, and the
supporting metatarsal bone is devoid of the distal twist and expanded
trochlea. The upper end of the tarso-metatarsus of the Dodo is re-
markable for the great development of its calcaneal process, from
which a strong ridge descends, gradually subsiding, half-way down
the bone. The posterior sur&ce of the calcaneal process is broad, tri-
angular, vertically grooved and perforated at its base. In the Eagle the
corresponding calcaneal process is a compressed, subquadrate ridge,
whose base of attachment is not much longer than the obtuse end,
and this is neither grooved nor perforated. In the Cathartes Call"
fomianus the calcaneal process is thicker than in the Eagle, shaped
more like that of the Dodo, with a ridge descending upon the meta-
tarsus, but it has a double groove behind.

In the Common Cock the calcaneal process more resembles that
in the Dodo than the Vulture's does, but it is not so broad.

With regard to the first or proximal phalanx of the hind-toe, that
of the Haliaetus is larger and broader, especially at its base, stronger
in proportion to its length, but longer in proportion to the sustaining
metatarsus.

In the Vultures the proximal phalanx is not only longer in pro-
portion to the metatarsus, but is more slender than in the Dodo.
The same bone is also longer and more slender in proportion to the
small supporting metatarsal bone in the Cock, the Craxy and all other
Gallium ; in fact, the Dodo is peculiar among Birds for the equality
of length of the metatarsus and proximal phalanx of the hind-toe.
With regard to the three trochlear extremities of the principal
coalesced metatarsals, the middle one in all Gallium is longer in pro-
portion than in the Dodo, in which the inner one is nearly as long

53

as the middle one, the outer one bemg the shortest. In the Eagle
the inner division is of quite equal length with, or is longer than the
middle trochlea ; the proportions of the three trochleas in the Vul-
tures corresponding best with those in the Dodo. Another character
by which the Dodo res^nbles the Vulture more than the Eagle i&
manifested by the proportions of the proximal phalanx of the second
toe (innermost of the three anterior ones) ; this is very short, and
is often anchylosed to the second phalanx in the Eagles : it is almost
as long in the Vultures as in the Dodo.

Upon the whole, then, the Raptorial character prevails most in
the structure of the foot, as in the general form of the beak, of the
Dodo, compared with Birds generally ; and the present limited amount
of our anatomical knowledge of the extinct terrestrial Bird of the
Mauritius would lead to support the conclusion that it is an extremely
modified form of the Raptorial Order.

Devoid of the power of flight, it could have had small chance of
obtaining food by prepng upon the members of its own class ; and if
it did not exclusively subsist on dead and decaying organized matter,
it most probably restricted its attacks to the class of Reptiles, and to
the littoral fishes, Crustacea, &c.

The author concluded by recommending search to be made for
bones of the Dodo in the superficial deposits, the alluvium of rivers,
and the caves in the islands of Mauritius and Rodriguez; little
doubting that an active exploration would be as richly rewarded as
similar investigations have been in the islands of New Zealand, by
the recovery of the remains of the great extinct species of terrestrial
birds which formerly inhabited them.

Mr. Lovell Reeve then read a paper containing " Descriptions of
forty new species of Haliotis, from the coDection of H. Cuming^
Esq.":—

The genus Haliotis affords an unusual abundance of novelty, from
the circumstance of it never having been selected for the subject of
an illustrated monograph; the species are, moreover, well-defined,
and may be easily determined by a careful examination of the varia-
tions of sculpture and arrangement of colours.

The Haliotides are interesting in form as being the most evolved
and depressed of spiral shells, and they have been arranged with the
Chitons and Limpets as exhibiting the nearest apparent affinity with
the non- spiral Gastropods. They present also a singularity of struc-
ture in great measure analogous to the orifice in the shell of FissU"
rella or to the fissure in Emarginula, On the left side of the shell,
in a direct curve parallel to the inflexed edge, is a row of equidistant
perforations, made by the animal in its progress Of growth for con-
veying the water to the breathing organs ; the mantie is slit in that
direction to a certain extent, and tiie water passes into the respiratory
cavity through a tubular filament protruding from each hole. The
number of pallial filaments being alike in the same individual through-
out its several stages of growth, the shell mostly presents the same
number of holes at all ages, filling up the hindmost orifice as a new

54

one becomes formed at the margin. The Siliputfia presents a similar
modification of structure, and it has been also considered that the
slit in Pleurotoma is in some measure analogous.

The internal surface of the 'Ear Shells' is lined with a bright
pearly nacre, which in most species is of remarkable iridescent bril-
liancy, glowing with all the colours of the rainbow ; the attention
must, however, be directed to the outer coating of the shell, for the
discrimination of species, and it is with this view that the figures in
the foregoing monograph are devoted mainly to external sculpture.
There is certainly a striking variation of character in the nacre of
different species, but the pattern of the inner surface is merely an
indentation of the outer. The number of perforations varies in dif-
ferent species, but may be said to correspond in different individuals
of the same species ; where an exception occurs, it is that there is
sometimes one, or at most two, less in the adult than in the young
state ; that is, when the animal arrives at maturity it continues to
stop up one or two of the perforations in advance of any new one.

It is a curious circumstance in the geographical distribution of the
Haliotides, that few, if any, are to be found where Chitons abound ;
as if they exchanged places to a certain extent in the two hemi-
spheres. There are a few species from California, but along the
western coast of South America, where Chitons are most abundant,
not any are found, and only one small species, the H, pulcherrima,
at any of the islands of the Pacific. They inhabit the coasts of
China, Japan, Ceylon, Mozambique, Cape of Good Hope, Borneo,
and the Philippine Islands ; but tiie greater number of species, and
the most remarkable, are from .New Zealand and. the continent of
New Holland, displaying all the peculiarity of design which invariably
characterizes the fauna of those isolated regions. With the well-
known HaUotis tuberculata of the Channel Islands, all are familiar.
It is, however, a circumstance worth noting, that although such near
neighbours, and comparatively abundant, especially at the island of
Jersey, it is rarely collected on the coast of England.

The Haliotides are found at low water, attached to the under sur-
face of masses of stone, and they fix themselves with great force to
the rocks, by suction, on the least alarm.

Haliotis sflendbns. Hal. testd ovatd, convexo-depressd, undique
spiraliter liratd, liria crebris regularibus subobtusis, nonnullis aliis
latioribus ; foraminibus quinis perviis, extus arugini-viridescente,
articulis albicantibus prope spirant interdum notatd, epidermide
fibrosa fusco indutd, intus ccBruleo viridique, nigricante nebulatd^
pulcherrim^ iridescente.

Hab. California.

Haliotis Japonica. Hal, testd ovatO'Obl<mgd, subplanulato-am"
vexd, liris tenuibus aqualibus spiraliter fimiculatd, concentric^
rugoso-plicatd, plicis conspicuis lamelUtformibus irregularUms ;
foraminibus quinis senisve perviis ; luteo oHvaceo-fusco viridique
undique pulcherrim^ variegatd,

Hab. Japan; Dr. Siebold.

55

Haliotis coccinba. HaL testd oblongo-ovatd, spiraliter liratd,
liris creherrimis in^qualibus interstitiis transversim minutiesimh
striatis ; foraminibus confertiusculis, quints senisve perviis ; extus
coccineo-rufdjutescente-albo maculatd et variegatd, intus argenteo*
albicante,

Hab, Cape de Verd Islands.

Haliotis ziczac. HaL testd ovatd, planulato-convexd, spiraliter
subtilissim^ sulcatd, foraminibus parviusculis, senis perviis ; oli'
vaceo-viridi, luteo^viridescente obligul flammeo-undatd, apice luteO'»
aurantio tinctd, intus argented, iridescente,

Hab. Calipan, island of Mindoro^ Philippines (found on smooth
stones); Cuming.

Haliotis multipebforata, HaL testd oblongo^ovatd, subflexuosd,
an/ractuum parte spirali subelevatd; spiraliter lineari-sulcatd,
sulcis subundatis irregularibus ; foraminibus parviusculis numero^
sis, decenis perviis ; extus nigricante-fusco viridique variegatd,
intus albicante,

Hab. ?

Haliotis discus. HaL testd oblongo-ovatd, elevato-convexd, hie illic
tumidd et rugosd, latere sinistra lato, peculiariter erecto ; fora^
minibus amplis, subdistantibus, tubiferis, quatemis tantum perviis ;
castaneo-fuscd, viridi aut rufescente radiatim tinctd.

Hab. Japan ; Dr. Siebold.

Haliotis Sieboldii. Hal. testd subobliquh ovatd, subpectinatd,
vald^ convexd, apice terminali, vix spirali; radiatim liratd, liris
obtusis, subdistantibus ; foraminibus subamplis, quinis perviis;
extus aurantio-rubrd, intus albicante, iridescente.

Hab. Japan ; Dr. Siebold.

Haliotis squamata. HaL testd oblongo-ovatd, convexd, spiraliter
liratd, liris creberrimis, squdmatis, alternis majoribus ; foraminibus
octonis perviis ; fused et rubro-fuscd, flammulis lutescentibus tfn-
datis omatd, intus vividh iridescente,

Hab. North-west coast of Australia ; Dring, H.M.S. fieagle.

Haliotis funebi^is. HaL testd ovatd, subdepresso-convexd, spira^
liter liratd, liris subsquamatut, hie illic majoribus, transversim
peculiariter rugoso-plicatd ; foraminibus octonis aut novenis per^
viis; rubidO'Castaned, inter dum viridi tinctd, Jlammis perpaucis
indistinctis circa spiram.

Hab. New Holland.

Haliotis di versicolor. Hal. testd ovatd, subplanulatd,. spiraliter
liratd, liris obtusis irregularibus, transversim leviter pUcatd;
foraminibus octonis vel novenis perviis ; castaneo-fusco coccineo*
rufo viridique radiatd, maculis undatis lutescentibus variegatd,

Hab. New Holland.

Haliotis coccoradiata. HaL testd suborbiculari, ovatd, piano-

56

convexd, medio leviter depressd, spiraliter suhtiliter liratd, liris
striis minutis elevatis decussatis,/oraminibus senis perviis; flavidd,
strigis latis vivid^ coccineis radiatim pictd.
Hub. ?

Haliotis viridis. Hal. testd ovatd, depresso-convexd, obliquk
undato-rugatd, spiraliter liratd, lirarum interstitiis striatis, fora-
minibus quinis perviis; extus albicante, viridi pulcherrimh tinctd
et marmoratd, intus argented,

Hab. ?

Haliotis astricta. Hal. testd ovatd, convexd, spiraliter liratd,
liris laminis striisque elevatis irregularibus radiatim decussatis ;
foraminibus quatemis perviis; extus albidd, olivaceo viridique
marmoratd, intus iridescente,

Hab. ?

Haliotis Tayloriana. Hal. testd oblongo -ovatd, solidiusculd,
convexd, spird subterminali, spiraliter obtus^ et irregulariter
liratd; foraminibus septenis ad novenis perviis; extus coccineo-
fuscd, flavido, coccineo-fusco maculato, prope spiram, nebulatd;
intus albicante.

Hab. ?

Named in honour of my worthy friend Thomas Lombe Taylor, Esq.,
of Starston, Norfolk.

Haliotis Rubiginosa. Hal. testd ovatd, subdepresso- convexd, ra-
diatim plicato-rugosd, spiraliter liratd, liris obtus'h squamatis,
foraminibus subapproximatis, senis perviis; extus rubiginoso-
aurantid, spiraliter albi-strigatd, intus argented,

Hab. ?

Haliotis rugosa. Hal. testd ovatd, convexd, medio leviter depressd,
radiatim plicato-rugosd, spiraliter liratd, liris obtusis, hie illic
majoribus ; foraminibus subamplis, quatemis perviis ; extus oli-
vaceO'fusco viridique marmoratd.

Hab. ?

Haliotis rosacea. Hal. testd ovatd, convexo-depressd, spiraliter
crebriliratd, liris striis exsculpiis undique decussatis; foraminibus
peculiariter oblongo-ovatis, quaternis perviis ; extus corallo-rubro
et roseo-albicante marmoratd, rubro viridi punctate.

Hab. ?

Haliotis pertusa. Hal. testd oblongo-ovatd, spiraliter postic^
subtilissiml sulcatd, sulcis pertusis, antice exiliter liratd, sttlcis
lirisque subirregularibus et undatis ; foraminibus senis perviis ;
extus rufO'fuscd, strigis perpaucis lutescentibus undatis prope
spiram, intus vividh iridescente.

Hab. ?

Haliotis planilirata. Hal. testd ovatd, piano -convexd, spiraliter
liratd, liris planulatis irregularibus ; foraminibus quinis perviis ;
olivaceo- et cceruleo -viridi.

Hab. ?

57

HAI.IOTI8 scuTVLUM. HoJ. tcstd coKvexd, spird depre99d, sttboccMltd,
spiraliier exiUier UrtUd, iirig phmMlatis, taubtiatis, kie illic ma-
joribus ; forammibus semis perviis ; olivaceo-Jiiscd, viridi pmUker^
time articukUd, pmnctatd et maculatd.

Hah, ?

HAI.IOTI8 ZkaiiAHDica. Hol. testd oblowgo-mmtd, giMepressd,
spiraiUer irregmlariter sulcaUL, liris vUermedns obtusis, mme htis,
mmme angustis, seius perviis ; ntfO'Castamed et aUnctuUe pecuUariter
marmoratd.

Hab. New Zealand.

Hauotis bpbcioba. Hal. testa obioM^o-ovatd, pioMo^camfexd, medio
depressd, spiraliier elevaio-^triaid, striis amfertis; faramimbms
senis perviis ; coccineo-rufd aJbo-mgrictaUe margimaid^pidehemmk
variegatd.

Hab. ?

Haliotis EBncvjLATA. Hal. testd obUmgo-ovatd, amtic^ subattetm'
aid, ploMO'Comvexd, medio depressd, latere siiustro latimsculo,
erecto, spiraliter vix striata; foraminibus guatemis perviis ; sor^
did^fitscd, maculis albidis reticulatis subtriangularibus onuUd,

Hob. ?

Haliotis nbbulata. Hal. testd oblongo-ovatd, convexd, spird sub'
elevatd, spiraliter sulcata, sulcis parvis, undatis; foraminibus
subf^sproximatis, septenis perviis ;Jusco roseoque undiq^e nebulatd.

Hab. ?

Haliotis spiculata. Hal. testd ovatd, spiraliter peculiariter
liratd, liris angusiis, erectis, valde irregularibus, radiatim undato^
plicatd; foraminibus amplis, senis perviis; olivaceo-viridi, hie
illic albipunctatd.

Hab. ?

Haliotis sbmistriata. Hal. testd ovatd, spiraliter subtiKter li-
ratd, radiatim undato-plicatd et plus minusve tuberculosd ; forami-
n^us subtubiferis, quinis perviis; fused out coecineo-rufd, albi»
maculatd.

Hab. Ceylon; Dr. Sibbald.

Haliotis clathkata. Hal. testd semicircuktri-ovatd, spiraliter
crebriliratd, interstitiis striis subtilissinCb clathratis, radiatim
plicatd ; foraminibus subamplis, quinis perviis; viridi et vivid^
rufo variegatd.

Hab. Baclayon, island of Bohol, Philippines ; Cuming.

Haliotis Stohatiafobhis. Hal. testd oblongo-avatd, vald^ con-
vexd, spiraliter striatd, radiatim subtiliter plicatd, spird suhter-
minali, elevatd; foraminibus quinis perviis; olivaceo viridique
marmoratd.

Hab. New Zealand.

Haliotis ancile. Hal. testd ovatd, regulariter convexd, spiraliter

68

exiliter noduloso-striaid, nodulia interdum subobgcuris interruptis;
foraminibus numerosis, parvis, octonis perviis ; olivaceo-viridi, nO"
dulis et circa spiram cupreo-roseis,
Hab, ?

Haliotis Dringii. Hal. testd orbiculari-avatd, spiraliter striatd,
radiatim plicatd et tuberculosd ; foraminibus subtubi/eris, quater-
nis perviis ; extus pallida viridescente-luted, medio conspicue cocci'
neo tinctd, intus argented.

Hab, North coast of Australia.

Haliotis concinna. Hal, testd suboblongo-ovatd, spiraliter stri-
aid, medio leviter tuberculatd, oblique subobscur^ plicatd ; forami-
nibus quatemis perviis ; cameo-albicante, coccineo-roseo profuse
variegatd.

Hab, Zamboanga, island of Mindanao, Philippines ; Cuming.

Haliotis gemma. Hal, testd suborbiculari-ovatd, plano-convexd,
latere sinistro latiusculo, spiraliter subtuberculatd, radiatim put-
cherrimk minute plicato-squamatd ; foraminibus subtubiferis, qua-
ternis quinisve perviis ; fiavescente, coccineo viridique tinctd*

Hab. ?

Haliotis lauta. Hal, testd ovatd, antic^ attenuatd, undato-tumidd,
spiraliter liratd, liris subtilibus, confertis, striis minutis decussatis ;
foraminibus subamplis, quinis perviis ; rubido et flavescente-albidd
irregulariter marmoratd,

Hab. Swan River Settlement, New Holland ; lieut. Preston.

Haliotis fapulata. Hal, testd suborbiculari-ovatd, spiraliter ob'
tuso-liratd, liris subdistantibus , conspicu^ tuberculatis ; foramini-
bus subtubiferis, quatemis perviis ; corallo-rubrd,flavescentevarid,

Hab, North coast of Australia ; Dring.

Haliotis Jacnensis. Hal, testd oblongo-ovatd, spiraliter peculi-
ariter rud^ liratd, liris valdh irregularibus, subsquamosis, props
foramina sublavigatd ; foraminibus subtubiferis, distantibus ; ru-
fescente-aurantid, intus argented.

Hab. Jacna, island of Bohol, Philippines.

Haliotis pustulata. Hal. testd oblongo-ovatd, spiraliter obseurh
liratd, tuberculis parris pustulatd, radiatim plicatd; foraminibus
senis perviis ; albidd viridique marmoratd.

Hab. ?

Haliotis aquatilis. Hal. testd oblongo-ovatd, plano-convexd,
medio depressd, ksvigatd, props marginem peculiariter plicatd ;
foraminibus senis perviis; pallid^ viridi, albido aut flavescente
undato-variegatd, intus albicante.

Hab. Kurile Islands, south of Kamtschatka.

Haliotis Janus. Hal, testd oblongo-ovatd, spiraliter liratd, liris
subtilibus angustis, interstitiis excavatis; foraminibus senis per >

59

viis; luteo-mtrmUid, faseid laid alhidd, fiuco grandmaculatd,
. prope foramina omatd.
Hab. ?

Haliotis crubnta. HaL tesid ovatd, antick aubattenuatd, spird
elevatiusculd, spiraliter peculiariter undato- et corrugato-striatd ;
foraminihus subapprosimatis, octants perviis, sanguineo albipimc*
tato et albido sdnguineo-punctato pulcherrimb variegatd.

Hab, New Zealand.

Haliotis incisa. Hal, testd avatd, medio subdepressd, spiraliter
incisd, subtuberculiferd ; foraminibus amplis, quatemis perviis ; aU
bidd et purpureO'Viridi marmoratd, albido minvtissim^ rufo^punc*
tatd,

Hab. ?

The next paper was also communicated by Mr. Lovell Reeye, and
contained " Descriptions of fifty-four new species of Mangelia, from
the collection of H. Cuming, Esq.**: —

The Mangelids are nearest allied to those aberrant species of PleU"
rotoma in which the predominant character of that genus, the fissure
in the upper extremity of the lip, becomes modified into a somewhat
obscure sinus. Their general aspect is that of a more or less fusiform
Marginella, without plaits or polished exterior; distinguished, on
the other hand, by a row of faint wrinkle-like denticulations on the
inner surface of the lip and columella, and a gutter-like sinus in the
lip at its junction with the body-whorl.

Manoblia SicuLA. Mang. testd subfusiformi, spird acuminatd,
anfractibus rotundatis, gibbosiusculis, concentric^ costaiis, Ucvibus;
aperturd brevi, ovatd, sinu subconspicuo ; intus extusque castaneo"
fused, labro flavicante, fusco-lineato.

Hab. Sicily.

Mangblia vexilluh. Mang. testd oblongo-ovatd, anfractibus su*
pervik depressis, nodosis, costis e nodis descendentibus, superficie totd
decussatim striatd, quasi subtilissimi^ decussatd; aurantio-luted,
fasciis albicantibus angustis undique cingulatd,

Hab. Ilo Ilo, isle of Panhay, Philippines (found under stones) ;
Cuming.

Manqblia Ltba. Mang. testd trigono-fusiformi, anfractibus su*
pernk angulatis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis subobliquis, ad
angulum incrassatis; castaneo-fuscd, lineis albicantibus decussatis,
labro albicante.

Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the sands) ; Cuming.

Mangblia Antillabuh. Mang. testd suhpyriformi-ovatd, lievigatd,
longitudinaliter concentric^ costatd, costis fortibus, subobtusis,
distantibus; cinereo-camed, costis fascid rubidd tinctis, labro
albicante, rubido fasciatim tincto.

Hab. West Indies.

60

Manoblia Marginblloides. Mang. testd pyriformi'Ooatd, spird
brevi, acutd; anfractihus supeme angulatis, longitudinaliter multu
costatis, costis tenuibus, crehris, suturis descendentibus ; lacteo^
cceruled aut cinereo-fuscd, lineis rubidia cingulatd, anfractds
ultimi parte supra angulum maculd grandi nigricante conspicuk
tinctd,

Hab. Island of Burias, Philippines (found in sandy mud at tlie
depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming.

Mangelia funiculata. Mang. testd trigono-Jwiformi, subelongatd,
anfractibus supeme depressis, longitudinaliter tenuicostatis, lavi-
bus ; cinereo-fuscd, costis labroque albicantibus.

Hab, Islands of Ticao and Masbate, Philippines (found on the
sands) ; Cuming.

Mangelia cavbbnosa. Mang. testd oblongo-ovatd, spird angulatO'
turritd; anfractibus supeme angulatis, intra costis cavemosis,
costis fortibus, obtusis, suturis descendentibus; albd, aurantio-fusco
hie illic sparsim maculatd,

Hab, Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the sands) ; Cuming.

Mangelia ctlindbica. Mang, testd cglindraceo-fusiform, apice
acutd, longitudinaliter subtiliter costatd, transversim elevato-stri'
atd ; pellucido-albdffuscescente tinctd, aurantio-fusco infra suturas
maculatd,

Hab, Cagayan, island of Mindanao, Philippines (found in sandy
mud at the depth of twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming.

Mangelia capillacba. Mang, testd ovato-fusiformi ; spine SU'
turis profundis ; anfractibus superh^ depressis, transversim subti'
lissirn^ et creberrinik elevato-striatis, longitudinaliter costatis, an--
gus{is, suberectis, superh^ leviter mucronatis; fuscescente, lineis
subtilibus fuscescentibus zonatd,
Hab, Island of Burias, Philippines (found among coarse sand at
the depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming.
•
Mangelia gracilis. Mang, testd gracili-fusifomd, transversim
subtilissimk striatd, longitudinaliter costatd, costis angustis ; albd,
castaneo-fusco indistinct^ zonatd et maculatd,
Hab, Island of Ticao, Philippines (found under stones at low
water) ; Cuming.

Mangelia lamellata. Mang. testd fusiformi-ovatd, spine suturis
profundis, subcavemosis, anfractibus transversim elevato-striatis,
striis fortibus, subdistantibus, longitudinaliter costatis, costis an^
gustis, erectis, lamelkeformibus, supern^ leviter mucronatis ; aU
bidd,fusco pallidissimi zonatd,
Hab, Isle of Burias, Philippines (found among coarse sand at the
depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming.

Mangelia vittata. Mang, testd oblongo-ovatd, subconicd, spird
brevi, obtusd ; anfractibus longitudinaliter costatis, costarum in-

61

terstitiis striis fortihus clathratis ; albidd, olivaceo-fusco latifas-
ciatd, costarum parte olivaceo -fused albipunctatd.
Hah, Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the sands) ; Cuming.

Mangelia zonata. Mang. testd abbreviatO'/usi/ormi, spird brevi-
wculd, turritd suturis profundis ; anfractibus longitudinaliter cos-
talis, costis e suturis descendentibus ; l<evigatd; albd, zond conspi-
cud aurantiO'fuscd cingulatd.

Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the sands) ; Cuming.

Mangelia interrupta. Mang. testd oblongo-ovatd, spird brevi,
anfractibus supernk nodosis, costis e nodis descendentibus ; albd,
lineis nigris subtilissimis transversis interruptis, creberrim^ dispo^
sitis, inter castas ornatd.

Hab, Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the sands) ; Cuming.

Mangelia reticulata. Mang, testd fusiformi-ovatd, spird brevi-
usculd, apice acuminatd; anfractibus supernb perpendiculariter
compressis, deinde tumidiusculis et longitudinaliter costatis, coS'
tarum interstitiis exiliter fusco-punctatis.

Hab, Island of Ticao> Philippines (found on the reefs) ; Cuming.

Mangelia pulchella. Mang, testd fusiformi-ovatd, subcylin*
draced, spird breviusculd, apice acuminatd; anfractibus supervi^
rotundatis, longitudinaliter multicostatis, costis tenuibus gracilibus,
concentric^ dispositis, anfractuum superficie totd exilissirnb reticU'
latd; luteo^albicante, maculis quadratis parvis rwfis costarum in-
terstitiis fasciatim cingulatd,

Hab, Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the sands) ; Cuming.

Mangelia fusiformis. Mang. testd fusiformi, anfractibus su^
pemih suhangulatis, ad angulum nodosis, costis tenuibus subsuper^
ficiariis e nodis descendentibus, transversim creberrim^ striatis ;
luteo-albicante, punctis perpaucis aurantio-fu^cis tinctd,

Hab, Island of Corrigidor, Philippines (found among coarse sand
at the depth of ten fathoms) ; Cuming.

Mangelia ltrica. Mang. testd fusiformi, utrinque acuminatd,
anfractibus longitudinaliter concentric^ costatis, transversim ele-
vato-striatis ; fuscescente, aurantio-fusco pallid^ et indistinct^
fasciatd.

Hab, Island of Bunas, Philippines (found among coarse sand at the
depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming.

Mangelia gibbosa. Mang, testd ovato-conicd, spird brevissimd;
anfractibus supernk gihbosis et nodulosis, longitudinaliter costatis,
lavigatis ; dnereo-albicante, lineis aurantio-fuscis exilibus cingu"
latd, dorso supernk nigricante tincto.

Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the reefs) ; Cuming.

Mangelia maculata. Mang, testd subfusiformi, bast truncatd,
longitudinaliter costatd, costis tenuibus subdistantibus, concentric^
dispositis ; sinu latiusculo ; albd, maculis subquadratis aurantio*
fuscis inter eostas.

62

Hob, Island of Ticao, Philippines (found under stones at low
water); Cuming.

Manoelia tubricula. Mang. testd fusiformuturritd, suturis pro»
fundis; anfractibus plano-depressis, longitudinaliter concentric^
costatis; albicante, lineis suhtilissimis aurantio-fuscis obsolete
cingulatd,

Hab, Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the sands) ; Cuming.

Mangelia Columbelloides. Mang, testd ovatd, spird brevi,
acutd; anfractibus supernk leviter rotundatis, transversim elevato-
striatis, longitudinaliter tenuicostatis, labro medio tumido, intus
fortiter dentiqulato ; nived, coatis eximik aurantio-fitsco punctatis,

Hab. fiaclayon^ island of Bohol, Philippines (found on mud banks) ;
Cuming.

Manoelia Conohelicoides. Mang. testd ovato-conicd, spird bre^
vissimd, acutd ; anfractibus transversim elevato-striatis, longitu-
dinaliter multiliratis, liris tenuibus, ante suturas evanidis ; luteO'
albicante, dorso maculd grandi aurantio-fuscd inter dum tincto,

Hab. Daleguete, isle of Zebu, Philippines (found under stones) ;
Cuming.

Mangelia tenebbosa. Mang, testd subjusiformi, spird acuminato-
turritd; anfractibus superne plano-depressis, suturis profundis^
transversim striatis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis distantibus ;
intus extusque castaneo-fuscd,

Hab. Cagayan, island of Mindanao (found in sandy mud at the
depth of twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming.

Manoelia Nova Hollandia. Mang. testd ovatd, inferne atte-
nuatd, subconicdj spird brevi ; anfractibus supernk rotundatis. Ion-
gitudinaliter obliquk costatis; livido-cinered, apice basique nigri"
cantibus, labro albido, apertures fauce fused.

Hab. Swan River.

Mangelia livida. Mang. testd subfusiformi-ovatd, apice acumi-
natd ; anfractibus longitudinaliter concentric^ costatis, costis tenu-
ibus; lividO'Camed.

Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the reefs) ; Cuming.

Mangelia abyssicola. Mang. testd oblongo-ovatd, utrinque con-
spicub attenuatd, longitudinaliter costatd, lineis elevatis cingulatd;
albiddffusco zonatd.

Hab. Island of Mindanao, Philippines (found in sandy mud at the
depth of twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming.

Mangelia bicolob. Mang. testd oblongd, concent rid costatd,
costarum interstitiis subtilissinik striatis; supra albidd, infra
plumbed,

Hab, Island of Ticao, Philippines ; Cuming.

Mangelia funebris« Mang. testd oblongd, concentricb costatd.

^3

costarum interstitiis lavibus ; albidd fasciatd plumbed laid cingu-
laid.
Hah, Island of Ticao (found under stones at low water) ; Cuming.

Mangblia Stromboides. Mang, testd fusiformi-ovatd, spird
snbturritd; anfractibus supervk angvlatis, longitudinaliter costatis,
costis ad angulum nodosis, interstitiis subtilissini^ striatis ; albidd.

Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines.

Mangblia pallida. Mang, testd ovatd, concentric^ costatd, costis

subobtusis; albd,
Hab, Island of Ticao, Philippines ; Cuming.

Mangblia fbssvlata. Mang. tesld cylindraceo-oblongd, spird
breviusculd, longitudinaliter eximi^ suboblique costatd, costarum
iftterstitiis subttlissim^ striatic ; nived.

Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.

Mangblia rigida. Mang. testd ovatd, longitudinaliter fortiter
tuberculatO'COstatd, transversim subtilissime striatd ; fuscescente,
Hab. iEgean Sea ; Forbes.

Mangblia blbgans. Mang. testd oblongd, spird breviusculd, acu-
minatd, anfractibus supernk angulatis, longitudinaliter costatis,
costis angustis, ad angulum mucronatis, costarum interstitiis pul-
cherrimk elevato^striatis ; lutescente^albd, exilissiml frisco-zonatd.

Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippines ; Cuming.

Mangblia linbata. Mang. testd ovatd, spird acuminatd; concen-
trich obtuso'costatd, lavigatd; cameo-fiiscescente, lineis saturati^
oribus undique cingulatd.

Hab. ?

Mangblia planilabrum. Mang. testd fusiformii utrinque acu'
minatd, kevissimd, anfractibus supern^ depressis, longitudinaliter
costatis; labro planulato, supra subangulato; cinereo-purpuras'
cente, albizonato.

Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines ; Cuming.

Mangblia Hornbbckii. Mang. testd ovatd, spird breviusculd,
acutd, suturis profundis, subcavemosis, longitudinaliter costatd,
costis prominentibusy transversim subtilissimk striatd, albd.

Hab. Island of St. Thomas, West Indies; Dr. Hornbeck.

Mangblia castanba. Mang. testd oblongd, spird acuminatd, con-
centric^ tenuicostatd, costarum interstitiis striatis ; castaneo-
fused.

Hab. Island of Burias, Philippines ; Cuming.

Mangblia pusilla. Mang. testd frisiformi'Ovatd, lavigatd. Ion-
gitudinaliter costatd, costis solidiusculis obtusis; albidd, castaneo
copiosk tinctd et lineatd.

Hab. ?

64

Mangblia maemorosa. Mang. testd ovatd, solidiusculd, spird
breviusculd; longitudinaliier costatd, eoatis obeais, striia elevatis,
decussatis ; aim amplo ; albd, mirantio-fuaco perparce fnaculatd,

Hab. ?

Manqelia casta. Mang, teatd ovato-turritd, longitudinaliter coa-
tatd, coatia tenuibua aubdiatantibua, Uevigatd; aperturd brevi,
baai truncatd; cameo-fuacd, obacurl faaciatd, coatia albicantibua.

Hab. ?

Manqelia obeliscus. Mang, teatd aubulatd, hexagond, bast trun-
catd, atriia pulcherrimia elevatia undique creberrime cingulatd,
longitudinaliter coatatd, coatia diatantibua, aequentibua ; aperturd
minutd, ovatd; aordidd albd, apertura fauce luteacente.

Hab, Islands of Corrigidor, Philippines (found among coarse sand
at the depth of ten fathoms) ; Cuming.

Mangelia balteata. Mang, testd elongatd, aubfuaiformi, longi-
tudinaliter coatatd coatia anguatia, diatantibua; albd, zond fuacd
conapicud cingulatd,

Hab. ?

Mangelia astbicta. Mang. teatd aub/uai/ormi-ovatd, apird bre-
viuaculd, auturia profundis; longitudinaliter costatd, coatia ere-
briusculia ; albidd, zond fuacd anguatd dngulatd.

Hab ?

Mangelia badia. Mang, teatd /uai/ormi-ovatd, concentric^ plicato-

coatatd, tranaveraim fortiter atriatd ; caataneo-fuacd,
Hab. ?

Mangelia pellucida. Mang. teatd ovatd, utriuque attenuatd,
lavigatd, pellucidd, nitidd, longitudinaliter crebricoatatd ; albidd,
baai fuacd,

Hab, ?

Mangelia angulata. Mang. teatd fuaiformi-ovatd, anfractibua
medio pecuUariter angulatia, auturia prof undia, longitudinaliter coa-
tatia, coatia anguloa auper mucronatia ; albidd, fuaceacente lineatd,

Hab. Bay of Manila (found in sandy mud at the depth of four
fathoms); Cuming.

Mangelia pura. Mang, teatd oblongo-ovatd, apird aubturritd,
auturia prof undia ; anfractibua concentric^ coatatia ; albidd, maculia
perpaucia aurantio-fuada,

Hab, ?

Mangelia solida. Mang. teatd cylindraceo-ovatd, utrinque atte-
nuatd, aolidd, undique creberrim^ granoao-clatkratd ; aperturd
longiuaculd ; purpuraacente,
Hab. Island of Burias, Philippines (among sand at the depth of
seven fathoms) ; Cuming.

Mangelia derelicta. Mang. teatd ovatd, longitudinaliter fortiter
concentrick coatatd, tranaveraim aubobaolet^ atriatd ; fuaceacente,
Hab. ?

65

Makgblia Zebubnsis. Mang, testd ovato-oblongd, sptrd acumU
natd, ban subattenuatd, concentric^ /ortiter costatd, transversim
creberrimk striatd ; fuscescente.

Hob, Island of Zebu, Philippines (found in sandy mud at the
depth of four fathoms) ; Cuming.

Mangblia cincta. Mang, testd subfusiformi^ovatd, spird turritd,

suturis subpro/undis ; anfractibus mpeml angulatis, longitudina-

liter costatis, costis distantibus ; albidd, anfractibus fascid laid

fuscescente supernt cinctis,

Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines (found under stones at low

water); Cuming.

Mangblia digitalis. Mang, testd fusiformi-ovatd, soliddy undique
creberrim^ granoso-clathratd ; albicante, zonis duabus purpureis
angustis cingulatd.

Hab, ?

Mangblia nana. Mang. testd, ovatd, spird brevi, turritd, apice
acutd; anfractibus supeml angulatis, longitudinaliter obliqul cos-
tatis, interstitiis cavis, subtiliter striatis.

Hab, Island of Mindanao, Philippines (found in sandy mud at the
depth of twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming.

July 28, 1846.
No business was transacted*

67

AngoBt 11, 1846.

William Yairdl* Esq., Vioe-President, in tlie Chair.

A letter was read, addressed to the Secretary hy Sir Robert Heron,
Bart., M.P., and containing the following observations in refermoe
to the Curassows in his menagerie : — " It appears to me that the dif-
ferent species of the Chur are not well-defined. I had a male black
and a finale brown, which bred for three years, always producing
two, which were always a black male and a brown female. I have
now a pair Uack, with yellow bills, and from their eggs I have
a brown young one : there can be no doubt of the parentage, as I
have only one other Crax, which is also black, with a bkck biU."

A letter firom the Society's Corresponding Member, Lieut. Fayrer,
R.N., dated Bermuda, July 1 1, 1846, was aUo read. It accompanied
some specimens of the " Bische de Mer" or Trepang, which Lieut.
Fayrer states is to be found on the reefe round those islands in vast
quantities, and probably of vaiious kinds.

The next paper read contained descriptions <^ six new spedea of
birdsy by John Gould, Esq. : —

TsoGOK ASsiMiLis. Mss. Trog. vertke, corpare superhre, et pee*
tore mreihviriMus ; laro, amribus, guldque mgris; reciricihus
hUermedm dttabus aureo-fuscis, virid^ tinctis; pogonns kUeraHuM
duarum his pnunmarum utringue extemis virido'/kscis aureo
splendeutibuSj intemis autem, apidbusque, nigris; mgris quoqwe
rectricibus extemis, modo margimbus pogomarum fasciis albis
tenuibus transversim omatis; alis nigris, tectricibus et secondarits
lineis Ucih griseis transversa flexuosis delicatissimk pictis.
Male, — ^Crown of the head, all the upper surface and chest rich
golden green ; lores, ear-coverts and throat black ; two middle tail-
feathers golden greenish brown, tipped with black ; the two next on
each side have the inner web and tip black, and the outer web golden
greenish brown ; outer feathers black, crossed for a short space on
either side the web by very fine irregular bars, and largely tipped
with white ; wings black, the coverts and secondaries finely penciled
with irregular zigzag markings of light grey ; primaries margined
isxtemally with light grey ; abdomen and under surface fine scarlet,
separated from the green of the chest by a narrow crescent of white ;
biU orange-yellow ; feet yellowish brown.

Female. — Head, chest and upper surface brown ; two middle tail-
feathers dull chestnut-brown, tipped with black ; the two next on
No. CLXII. — ^PaocEEDiNOs of thb Zoological Socibtt.

6d

€ach side black on their inner webs and at the tip, and dull chedtnnt*
trown on their outer webs ; the remaining feathers black on their
inner webs at the base, largely tipped with white, the intermediate
portion crossed by alternate irregular bars of black and white ; wings
as in the male, but with the coverts and secondaries freckled with
yellowish brown instead of grey ; ear-coTerts black ; under surface
scarlet, separated from the brown of the chest by a crescent of white ;
bill and feet yellowish brown.

Total length, 10 inches ; bill, 1 ; wing; 5 ; tfdl, 6 ; tarsi^ f .

Hub, Peru.

JSemarAr.-^Nearly allied to Trogon personata, but differing from
that species in the tail being nearly black, in the transverse markings
being very slight and in the extremities more largely tipped with
white ; the freckled markings of the wing are also much more minute.

CiNCLosoMA ciNNAMOMEFs. Cific. toto supeTtore corpore, scapu^
laribw, rectricibusduabtts^intermediis,pectore ad latera, et lateribus
citmamomeis ; alarum tectricibus nigris, plumis singulis ad apices
albis ; lined superdliari indistinct^ albd ; gnld loroque nitid^ nigris;
magnd ovatd maculd infra oculum, et corpore inferiore albis ; pec-
tore magnd maculd nitidb nigrd,formd tanquam sagittie, signatd.

The whole of the upper surface, scapularies, two central tail-
feathers, sides of the breast and flanks cinnamon-brown ; wing-coverts
jet-black, each feather largely tipped vnth white ; above the eye a
faint stripe of white ; lores and throat glossy black, with a large ovai
patch of white seated within the black, beneath the eye ; under sur-
face white, with a large arrow-shaped patch of glossy black on the
breast ; feathers on the sides of the abdomen with a broad stripe of
black down the centre ^ lateral tail-feathers jet-black, largely tipped
with pure white; under tail-coverts black for four-flftibs of their
length on the outer web, their inner webs and tips white ; eyes
bniwn ; tarsi olive ; toes black.

Total length, 7| inches ; bill, J ; wing, 3| ; tail, Sj ; tarsi, 1|.

Hab. South Australia* Shot by Capt. Sturt at ^e Dep6t, lat,
29° 40', June 9, 1845.

This fine new species, discovered by the enterprising traveller Sturt,
is of peculiar interest, as being one of the few inhabitants of the
sterile and inhospitable interior of Australia, and as forming the
third species of the genus known to belong to that portion of the
globe ; it is considerably smaller than either of its congeners, and
also differs from them in the beautiful cinnamon colouring of the
upper surface. It now forms part of the national collection at the
British Museum.

Ramphastos Inca. Foem. Ramph. nigra; rostro nigro, in lateribus
sanguineo obnubilato ; culmine mandibula superioris ad apicem, et
laid fascid basali flavis, hac postice lined nigrd, antic^ lined coc-
cined cinctd; guld et pectore albis flavitinctis, hoc torque sanguineo
infra succinct o ; tectricibus caucUe inferioribus aurantiacis.

Bill black, clouded on the sides with blood-red, with the culmen

luid point d{ the lower mandible fellow, and with a broad basal bell
<»f the same colour, bounded posteriorly with a narrow line of black,
and anteriorly with a narrow line of scarlet ; the yellow clouded with
olive on the lower mandible ; naked skin round the eye purple, passing
Into yellow on its outer margin ; irides brown ; legs and feet bluish
lead-colour ; general plumage black ; throat and chest white, tinged
with yellow, and bounded below by a band of blood-red ; upper tail-
eoverts rich orange ; under tail-coverts blood-red.

Total length, 20 inches ; bill, 5^ ; wing, 9^ ; tail, 7 ; tarsi, 2^.

H(df. Bolivia : in the elevated and dense forests at Chimor^e, in
the country of the Yuracaras Indians. Brought to this country by
Air. Bridges, and now in the collection of the Earl of Derby*

Remark, — ^Nearly allied to Ramphastos erytkrorhynckus.

The above is the description qf. a female.

Pteroglossus cucullatus. Pter-, vertice et vccipite aierrimis;
hud maculd semilunari ad nucham ffriseo-caruled ; dorso, humeris,
apidbusque tectricum alarum mqjorum aureo-oleagineis, uropygio
autem et tectricibus cauda superioribus virido-flavis infectis ; tectri-
cibus alarum superioribus^ pQgoniis extemis primariarum, et secon-
dariis saturate viridibus; pogoniis inter/Us nigris; genis guldque
ferrugineis, harum colore cum inferioris corporis cieruleo-griseo
gradatim confuso ; tectricibus cauda inferioribus nitid^ coccineis ;
rostro flavo^viridi obnubilato, nisi iertid parte apicali, et maculd
oblongd utrinque ad basin inferioris mandibula, nigris.
Crown of the head and occiput deep shining black ; at the back
of the neck a broad crescentic mark of blue-grey ; back, shoulder,
and tips of the greater wing-coverts golden olive> passing into
greenish yellow on the rump and upper tail-coverts ^ greater wing-
coverts, outer webs of the primaries and the secondaries dark green ;
inner webs black ; sides of the face and throat sooty black, gradually
blending with the dark bluish grey of the under surfeice ; imder tail-
coverts shining crimson ; thighs light chestnut ; bill yellow, clouded
with green for two-thirds of its length from the base, and black for
the remainder of its length; the under mandible with an oblong
irregularly-rshaped patch of black on each side near the base ; fe^t
greenish lead-colour.

Total length, 18 inches; bill, 4 ; wing, 7 ; tail, 7i ; tarsi, 2.
Hab. The forests of Cocapata, department of Cochabamba, Bolivia*
Remark, — Three specimens of this highly interesting new species
were brought home by Mr. Bridges ; two of them are now in the
possession of the Earl of Derby, and the thurd in the collection at the
British Museum. The sexes are precisely similar in colour and
markings, but the female may be readily distinguished by her some-
what smaller size and by the much smaller size of the bill.
The whole of the plumage is very dense or thick.

Odontophorus Balliviani. Odont. capite cristdque ferrugineo*
rufis ; infra et pone oculum laid aterrimd maculd, supra et subter

70

lined rubro-cervind marginatd ; eorpore inferiore castaneo^finca,
nigro minntissim^ maculato ; phnUs singulis maculd albd amati^*

Head and crest rich rusty red ; beneath and behind the eye a broad
patch of deep black, bounded above and below by a stripe of reddish
buff; upper surface olive, minutely freckled with black i the feathers
of the centre of the back and scapularies with a fine line of bufiy
white down the apical half of the stem, and with a small double spot
of black on their inner, and a large patch of black on their outer
webs, bounded above and below with rusty red ; primaries and se-
condaries brown, crossed with irregular bands of rusty red, freckled
with black; under surface dark chestnut-brown or coffee-colour,
minutely freckled with black, each feather with an irregularly- shaped
patch of white, bordered with black near the centre, giving the whole
of the under surfeuse a singularly rich and sparkling appearance ; bill
black ; feet leadrcolour.

Total length, 12 inches; bill, 1; wing, 6^; tail, 2}; tarsi, 2;
middle toe and nail, ^^.

Hah, The forests of Cocapata, department of Cochabamba, Bolivia.

Remark, — I have named this new bird Balliviani, in honour of
General Ballivian, President of the Republic of Bolivia. It is one of
the finest species of that section of the group to which the term
Odontophorus is now restricted, is nearly allied to the bird 1 have
named Odontophorus guttatus, and may be readily recognised by its
larger size and by the still more conspicuous marking of the under
surface.

We are indebted to the researches of Mr. Bridges for our know-
kdge of this beautiful bird.

Callipbpla venusta. CalLfronte mento guldque holoserico^nigris,
fascid albd ah ocvli posteriore angulo laid circvmdatd; nigrd cristd
redd et erectd ; occipite ferrugineo-rufo ; pectore cartdeo-griseo ;
ubdomine superiore cervino, medio nigro, inferiore tectricihusque
Cauda inferioribus arenaeeis ; plumis ad latera castaneis, mediis
sedpogoniis stramineO'dlbis,
Forehead, chin and throat deep velvety black, encircled from the
posterior angle of the eye with a broad line of white ; across the
head and passing down behind the eye another line of white, bounded
posteriorly with black ; crest straight, erect, and of a deep black ;
occiput rusty red ; feathers of the sides and back of the neck lan-
ceolate in form and of a blue-grey, encircled all round with brown ;
back, wings, nimp and upper tail-coverts olive-grey ; tertiaries edged
with buff narrowly on their outer webs and broadly on their inner
ones ; tail grey ; chest blue-grey ; upper part of the abdomen buff;
centre of the abdomen black ; flank-feathers rich chestnut, with a
line of bufiFjr white down the centre ; lower part of the abdomen and
under tail-coverts sandy buff, with a broad stripe of greyish brown
down the centre of each of the latter ; bill black ; feet brown.

Total length, g| inches ; bill, || ; wing, 4^ ; tail, 4 ; tarsi, 1§ ;
middle toe and nail, If .

71

Hab, Supposed to be California.

Remark, — I am indebted to the kindness of M, Louis Goulon,
Director of the Museum at Neufchatel, for the loan of this species,
for the purpose of figuring in my monograph : it is the only specimen
I have seen, and in all probability is the only one that has been sent
to Europe ; it is a bird whose rarity is only equalled by its beauty :
it is very nearly allied to Callipepla Calif arnica, but is distinguished
from that bird by the straight form of the crest, the rich colouring of
the flank-feathers, by the absence of the scale-like markings of the
abdomen, and the greater length of the tail.

72

August 25, 1846.
R. C. Griffith, Esq., in the Chair.

The following communication was read : — " On the Relation of
the Edentata to the Reptiles, especially of the Armadillos to the
Tortoises." By Edward Fry.

The dissections of two specimens of Tortoise, of which I have been
unable to recognise the species with certainty, induced me to believe
that those animals are allied to the Armadillos. Continuing this in-
vestigation, and extending it to the Edentata in general, I arrived at
the conclusion that they are allied to the Reptiles. As some points
of affinity have occurred to me which I have not seen noticed as such,
I believe that a short sketch of the subject may not be devoid of
interest ; and as Professor Owen has intimated his belief that the
Edentata are allied to Birds rather than to any other class, I shall
conclude my paper with a consideration of the arguments adduced
by him hereon.

Such subjects a^s the one I shall attempt to investigate are of so
high an interest to the zoologist, that any one contributing in the
least degree to elucidate them may hope for indulgence.

I regret not being able to ascertain the names of the species of
Tortoise which came under my notice, but trust that this omission
will not materially deduct from the interest of the subject.

Sect. I. Of the Relation of the Genera Dasypus and Testudo.

1. In the Tortoise the oesophagus is large and muscular, admitting
bodies of great size in proportion to the mouth. From the structure
of the mouth it is incapable of masticating the food, whence arises
the necessity of a large and muscular cesophagus. Professor Owen
has remarked a similar structure, and adduced the same final cause
in the Armadillo, Dasypus peha. In his paper in the Proceedings of
the Zoological Society, i. 144, he says : ** The muscular parietes of
the pharynx and oesophagus are very thick, for from the nature of the
teeth, small, conical and wide apart, the food can undergo but little
comminution in the mouth, and hence the necessity of additional
power for propelling imperfectly divided substances into the stomach."

2. In concordance with the structure of the mouth, the stomach
of the Tortoise is strong and muscular : in the larger of the two in-
dividuals I dissected so remarkably so, as would forcibly have re-
minded a casual observer of the gizzard of birds. The stomach of
the Armadillos, though of a globular form, is similar in structure ;
so much so, that Prof. Owen Speaks of it as " a structure analogous

73

to Oie gizzard of birds," Ibid. As in the Dasypodm (Zool. Proc. i.
142 & 154), so in the larger specimen of the Tortoise, the coats of
the stomach, genemlly thidc, are especially so at the pylorus.

3. In the smaller species of Tortoise I observed that the colon is
prolonged beyond the insertion of the ileam, so as to form a short
caecum, as described by Martin in his account c^ the Testudo grmca
<Zool. Proc. i. 63 & 74). In my larger species there was no caecum ;
such is also the case with the Tesiwio vidica (Zool. Proc. i. 47). In
the Testudo tabuiata *' there is no trace of appendix caeci " (Holberton
in Zool. Journal, iv. 325). On the other hand. Prof. Owen has
ascertained the presence of a caecum in another species of Tortoise,
Emyg cfmcentrica, Leconte (Zool. Proc. i. 74). From these accu*
mulated observations, it becomes evident that the presence of a
caecum is a varying character in the Tortoises. A similar variable*
ness in this structure has been remarked by Prof. Owen in the genus
Dasypus (Zool. Proc i. 156).

4. A great tendency to anchylose parts usually distinct, and to
ossify others generally cartilaginous, is observable in the Tortoise in
the ribs, in the dorsal vertebrae, in the scapulae and clavicles, in the
component parts of the pelvis, in the sternal cartilages, and in the
parts forming the plastron. In the Armadillos it may be remarked
in the cervical vertebrae, in the sternal portions of the ribs, and in
the manubrium and clavicular processes (Owen in Zool. Proc. ii. 134).
In the Sloths also it is especially evident in the anchylosis of the
bones of the hand.

5. Hence results a similarity of locomotion in the Tortoises and
Armadillos ; so that the following extract from Prof. Owen, referring
to the motion of the latter animals, will apply almost equally well to
that of the former : " Every one who has seen the living Ajmadillo
running about the open plot of ground in the Society's Gardens must
have been struck with the machine-like manner in which the body is
carried along. The short legs are almost concealed, and their motions
are not accompanied by any corresponding inflections of the spine,
the two extremities of the trunk not being alternately raised and de-
pressed as in the quadrupeds which move by bounds " (Zool. Proc.
ii. 135).

6. The anterior articular processes of the vertebrae of the Arma-
dillo, especially of the hinder dorsal and the lumbar regions, assist as
** stnitts or braces" in the support of its heavy shell ; whilst in the
Tortoise a similar object is effected by the small osseous supports
which proceed from its anchylosed spine.

7. Both in the Armadillo and Tortoise the ossa ilia appear to serve
as additional supports to the shell.

Sect. II. 0/ the Relation of the Edentatous Mammalia to the
Reptiles.

1. In the Two-toed Anteater the ribs are so broad as to overlap
each other like tiles (Cuvier, Lectures on Comparative Anatomy i
translated by Ross, 1802, vol. i. p. 209). This is, I believe, the nearest
resemblance amongst other Vertebrata to the bony case of the Tor-

74

toises. In the ArmadOlo the first pair of ribs are broader than they
are long (Owen, Zool. Proc. ii. p. 135).

2. In the large number of the ribs of the Unau, we have what
Prof. Owen has termed a lacertine character (on Mylodon, p. 166).

3. Like the Tortoises, &c. amongst Reptiles, the Anteaters and
Pangolins are deprived of teeth ; whilst those Edentata which are
furmshed with them approximate to the dentition of some of the
Reptilia in the uniform character of the series ; and in the snbgenua
Priodontes of Fred. Guvier in the extremely large number, namely
eighty-eight or ninety-six in all.

. 4. The Edentata, like the Reptiles^ are remarkable for the pro-
pensity to develope coats of mail of various kinds ; sometimes conti-
nuous ; in other instances, of detached and separate scales ; some*
times, to continue the simile, like plate-armour; sometimes like
scale-armour. The Armadillos, the Chlamyphorus, the Pangolins,
and some of the extinct Megatheroids, exhibit this amongst the
Edentates ; whilst almost all the Reptiles partake in measure of this
character.

5. The Anteater and Manis are destitute of the power of emitting
sounds (Blumenbach's Anatomy, translation by Lawrence, I807«
p. 278). This incapacity approximates them to the Reptiles, and par-
ticularly distinguishes them from Birds and most of the Mammalia.
In this character however most of the Marsupiata partake.

6. Waterton, in his 'Wanderings,' furnishes us with a highly
graphic description of the habits of tibe Myrmecophagajubata. From
the extracts I shall make, the similarity of this animal to the Reptilea
will be manifest in three important points, viz. the slowness of its
movements, the tenacity with which it retains any object which it has
seized, the length of time which it can pass uninjured without food ;
and probably a fourth — the tenacity of life and muscular power. The
Tortoises exhibit these phsenomena of muscular irritability perhaps as
well as any genus amongst the Reptiles.

" He {Myrmecophaga juhata) cannot travel fast, for man is superior
to him in speed Whenever he seizes an animal with these for-
midable weapons (his claws), he hugs it dose to his body and keeps
it there till it dies through pressure or through want of food. Nor
does the Antbear in the meantime suffer much from want of aliment,
for it is a well-known fact that he can go longer without food than

any other animal, excepting perhaps the Land Tortoise The

Indians have a great dread of coming in contact with this animal,
and after disabling him in the chase, never think of approaching him
till he is quite dead." (Waterton's Wanderings in South America,
171.)

That muscular imtability exists to a similar extent in the Sloths
will be proved by the following extract :-—

" Cor motum suum valdissime retinebat postquam exemptum erat
a corpore, per semihorium; exempto corde, ceterisque visceribus,
multo post se movebat et pedes lente contrahebat sicut dormituriens
solet." (Pison. Hist. Bras. p. 322, quoted by Bufibn ; translation by
Smellie, 1791, vol, vii. p. 161.)

w

7. In the Sioths and Weioel-headed Armadinb the absents of the
OS tines, and the consequent formation of a single tube by the uterus
and vagina, approximate these organs very nearly to the oviduct of
the Reptilia (see Owen, Zool. Proc. ii. 131, and on the Generation
cf Manmpial Animals in Phil. Trans. 1834, p. 365).

In the genera Bradypus, Dasypus, Mania and Myrmecophaffa^
" the utero-sexual canal," to use the words of the last-quoted me-
moir, " is formed, as in the Tortoises, by a continuation of the urethra
or urinary bladder, into which the genital tube opens by a small
orifice."

8. There is yet another highly important character, one indeed
which has probably a relation to the preceding, which displays the
intimate relationship of the Edentata and Reptiles, namely the ex-
treme simplicity of ^e brain. In the Armadfllos, Manises and Ant-
eaters, the cerebral hemispheres are devoid of convolutions, whilst
in the Sloth they present a few anfractuosities (Owen, Phil. Trans.
1834, p. 361).

9. Professor Owen says, in his elaborate memoir on the Mylodon
robustus, that the presence of a persistent formative organ of the teeth
of the Megatheroids indicates a property in which they resembled the
Reptiles, viz. longevity (p. 166). And again» the intimate structure of
the soft dentine of the teeth of the Iguanodon resembles that of the
extinct Megatherium and of the recent Sloths (Owen's Odontography,
p. 251). Is it not an idea which forcibly impresses on us the unity
of the great plan of nature, that had a comparative anatomist existed
in the days of the Megatherium and Iguanodon, he might have dis-
covered from an examination of their teeth two common characters,
and might thence perhaps have inferred those very relations which
in the present paper I have been seeking to enforce with regard to
their congeners of another age — almost another world ?

10. It is well known that the blood-corpuscles of the Reptiles are
remarkably large ; the Sloths are the largest yet known amongst the
Mammalia, with the single exception of the Elephant. Perhaps
however this may be a character of little importance in elucidating
the natural affinities of groups, as we find the corpuscles of the Ar-
madillo rather smaller than Man's, and those of the Monotremata
of about tiie same size as the human (Gulliver on Blood-corpuscles,
ZooL Soc., October 14, 1845).

Sect III. 0/ thf Arguments adduced by Professor Owen for believing
the Edentata to he allied to Birds.

I propose first to enumerate these arguments, and then to consider
them more particularly. They are to be found in ProfessOT Owen's
interesting papers on the anatomy of tiie Six-banded and Weasel-
headed Armadillos in the Proceedings of t'he Zoological Society of
LsHidon, so (^en referred to and quoted in this paper, and are as
follows :— 1 . The presence of two caeca iff the Dasypus G-cincius and
Myrmeoapkaga didactyh. 2. " The gizzard-like structure exhibited
in the tendinous external appearsudce and thickened muscular coaf of

76

the stomach of the Dasypodm** and a still nearer approach in &e
stomach of the Mania. 3. The presence of a similar structure in the
Myrmecophagse, accompanied by the habit of swallowing small peb-
bles for the purpose of destroying the vitality of the insects which
form their food. 4. The similarity of the mucous glands about the
ps hyoides of the Anteaters to those follicles in the Woodpeckersy
which represent amongst Birds the conglomerate salivary gland»
of the Mammalians ; and the lubrication of the extensile tongu»»
5. The abnormal number of cervical vertebrae in the Three-toed
Sloth. 6. Prof. Owen concludes this Ime of argument in the fol-
lowing words : " The transition is indeed nearly completed by the
Monotremata, for of the two genera contained in this order. Echidna
presents us with the quills, and Omithorhynchus with the beak of a
bird ; and it is far from being proved that the mode of generation is
Tuyt the same." 7. The form of the pubis of the Armadillo indicates
" that only a small portion of what usually constitutes the symphysis
is here joined to its fellow» viz. the anterior angle ;" and in Ghlam3r-
phorus and Myrmecophaga didactyla the ossa pubis remain entirety
separate, as is the case in Birds. The pelvis likewise resembles thelm
"in the great breadth of the posterior pert of the sacrum, the angles
of which are anchylosed to the spines of the ischia, and convert the
great ischiatic notches into complete foramina."

1 . The occurrence of double caeca is a remarkable point of affinity
to Birds ; but we have previously shown that the presence of caeca is
a variable character in the Tortoises, as in both Dasypus and Myr-
mecophaga, so that the characters furnished us by this organ seemCb
approximate them equally to Birds and Reptiles.

2. We have shown the structure of the stomach in the Tortoises
to be gizzard-like* This is also the casein Crocodilus acutus (Owen
in Zool. Proc. 1830, p. 139). Hence the stomach of the Bdentata
presents us with an equal analogy to Reptiles and Birds,

3. The habit of the Myrmecophaga of swallowing small pebbles
to increase the trituration of the gizzard is certainly analogous to
that of the Gallinaceous Birds. But the same has been remuiced in
the Egyptian Crocodile by Professor Geoffiroy St. Hilaire, and in the
sharp-nosed species by Prof. Owen (ubi supra). As the gizzard-like
structure and pebbles of the M3rrmecophagia are adapted to the diges^
tion of animal food, as in the Reptilia» and not of vegetable, as in
the Gallinaceous Birds, I consider the resemblance of the Edentata
in these respects to be greater to the former than the latter
animals*

4. The salivary glands of the Chameleon, if not formed on exactly
the same type as those of the Anteateis, are at least eimilax in the
office they perform.

5. The abnormal number of cervical vertebrae in the Ai approxi-
mates the Edentata equally to Reptiles and Birds.

6. The Monotremata, which Professor Owen in the passage I have
quoted seems to look upon as the terminal link between the Edentata
and Birds, are certainly more nearly allied to Reptiles than to Bird&»
and have indeed been considered so by himself » as will be manifest

77

from the following extract from a letter of that gentleman qaoted in
Kirby's Bridgewater Treatise, vol. ii. p. 432 :— " DissectionB of most
of the genera of Massupiana have tended to confirm in my mind the
propriety of establishing them as a distinct and parallel group, be*
ghming with the Monotremes, which I beUeve to lead from Reptiles,
not Birds." Again, in his paper ' On the Young of the OrnitkO"
r^nckus paradoxus* Zool. Trans, vol. i. p. 221, he very distinctly
states the weight of evidence to be in favour of the relation of th«
Monotremates to the Reptiles rather than Birds ; so that in all pro-
bability he has altered his views on this subject since 1830.

The evidence produced above is condusive for my purpose, and
precludes the necessity of discussing the analogies of the Monotre-
mata. But as Prof. Owen has alluded to the beak of the Omitho-
ihynchus as that ** of a bird," it may not be irrelevant to show iz^ how
many important particulars the two structures differ. " This strue-
ture/' says Sn: Everard Home, speaking of the organ in question,
" differs materially from the bill of a Duck, and indeed from the bill
of all birds, since in them the cavities of the nostrils do not extend
beyond the root of the bill ; and in their lower portions, which cor-
respond to the under jaw of quadrupeds, the edges are hard, to
answer the purpose of teeth, and the middle space is hollow, to re-
ceive the tongue" (Home on Head of Omithorhynchus, Phil. Trans.
1800). When to this diversity of structure we add tiie difference
of use, we sfayall see that however strong may be the resemblance at
first sight, it is perhaps more imaginary than real. From the de-
scription above-quoted, we learn that the beak of the Omithorh3aichus
is incapable, from the general fiexibility of its structure, of taking
firm hold of any object ; but that the marginal lips being brought
together, the prey is sucked into the mouth.

Perhaps too the similarity of the spines of the Echidna to the
quilla of a bird is not very close.

7. The pelvis of some Edentata certainly resembles that of Birds
in a remarkable degree.

I have thus endeavoured to show that many of the structures in
the Edentata, adduced by Prof. Owen as offering relations to Birds,
are equally so to Reptiles ; whilst those that lead us to the former
dass are not of equal number or importance to those that conduct us
to the latter.

I am fully aware that the scope and conduct of my investigations
lucve been defective ; but so far as they extend they appear to me to
prove simply this, viz. that the Edentata are allied to the Reptiles,
aatd that more nearly than to Birds.

It would have been absurd to expect any other result from this
investigation than such as the present : a group is never related to
one other group only: "The true affinities of organic structures
branch out irregularly in all directions."

I cannot conclude without observing, that it is highly remarkable
afld interesting that affinities should be found to prevail amongst

78

creatures often remotely mtnated bne fiR)m Idie otiier in the Animal
Kingdom ; that these relations often appear subtle and irrespectiTe
of functional similarity ; and that whilst their final cause \nll pro-
bably ever remain unknown to man, we cannot consider them with-
out deeply appreciating the ord^, the unity and dependence which
prevail throughout all parts of nature. Edw. Fry.

79

September 22, 1846.
William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

John Gould, Esq., laid before the meeting the following letter,
detailing the circumstances of the death of Mr, John Gilbert, who
formerly had been many years in the employment of the Society.
He fell in the service of zoological science during an expedition into
the interior of Australia.

" Sydney, May 12, 1846.

" Dear Sir, — As I was one of the party that journeyed from Syd-
ney to Port Essington, and not knowing whether you had been made
acquainted with the full particulars of poor Gilbert's death by Dr.
Leichhardt, or any other of the party, thinking the details of his
melancholy fate would be read with interest, I shaU offer no apology
for addressing this to you.

" As Mr. Gilbert's log, which has been sent home to you, fully
narrates all particulars up to the eventful 28th of June, I shall offer
no remarks of my own. At the most northerly point we reached on
the east side of the Gulf of Carpentaria, in lat. 15° 57', and about
fifty miles from the coast, we encamped for the night at a small shal-
low lagoon surrounded by low tea-trees, the country around beauti-
fully open. Having partaken of our usual meal of dried meat about
3 P.M., Gilbert, taking his gun, sallied forth in search of something
new — he procured a Climacteris and a Finch, which he skinned before
dinner; our scanty meal was soon despatched; poor Gilbert was
busily employed plaiting the cabbage- tree, intending to make a new
hat, which, alas ! he never lived to finish. The shades of evening
closed around, and after chatting for a short time we retired to our
separate tents — Gilbert and Murphy to theirs, Mr. Calvert and my-
self to ours, and Phillips to his ; the Doctor and our two black fel-
lows slept round the fire, entirely unconscious of the evil designs of
the natives ; having always found those we had passed so friendly
and well-disposed, we felt in as great security as you do in the midst
of London, lying on our blankets, conversing on different topics.
Not one, I think, could have closed his eyelids, when I was sur-
prised by a noise, as if some persons were throwing sticks at our
tent ; thinking it must be some trick played on us by our compa-
nions, I sat up to look out ; another volley of spears was thrown ; a
terrific yell, that will ring in my ears for ever, was raised, and pierced
with spears, which I found it impossible to extricate, I sunk helpless
on the ground ; the whole body rushed upon us with their waddies,
and how it is it that our brains did not bespatter the ground is to
me miraculous. These rascals had crept on us under cover of the
tea-trees : the tent in which Calvert and I were being first in their
road, the whole body attacked us ; poor Gilbert, hearing the noise^

No. CLXIIL — Pbocebdings of the Zoological Society.

80

was rushing from his tent with his gun, when a spear thrown at him
pierced his breast, and, penetrating to his lungs, caused internal hae-
morrhage ; the only words he spoke were these, ' Charlie, take my
gun ; they have killed me,' when pulling the spear out with his own
hands, he immediately dropped upon the ground lifeless. Little
Murphy, who was by his side at the time he was speared, fired at the
black fellow who speared him; Brown fired at the mob beating Cal-
vert and myself, and they immediately retreated howling and la-
menting. Mr. Calvert was pierced with five spears, myself with six,
and our recovery is to be attributed to the abstemious way in which
we lived. After having the spears pulled out, you may imagine our
feelings when we heard Charlie exclaim, * Gilbert is dead ! * — we could
not, would not, believe it. Alas ! the morning brought no better
tidings — poor Gilbert was consigned to his last and narrow home ;
the prayers of the church of England were read over him, and a large
fire made upon his grave for the purpose of misleading the blacks,
who, we thought, would probably return and search the camp on our
departure. It is impossible to describe the gloom and sorrow this
fatol accident cast upon our party. As a companion, none was more
cheerful or more agreeable; as a man, none more indefatigable or more
persevering ; but it is useless for me to eulogize one so well known
to you — one whom you will have cause to regret, and who will ever
be remembered by, ** Sir,

" Yours most truly,

" John Roper."

The skull of a Seal was exhibited to the meeting, presented by the
Society's Corresponding Member, Richard Hill, Esq., who refers to
it in a letter, dated Spanish Town, Jamaica, July 8, 1846, as "a
skull of an undescribed Seal found on the islands and shoals called
by the seamen the Pedros, but known as the Vibora Bank on the old
Spanish charts, situated about a degree to the south of Jamaica."

Mr. Hill's letter proceeds: " The most detailed account I can give
of this Seal, in addition to the facts presented by an inspection of
the cranium, which will be found to have much of the contour and
character of that of the Calocephalus of Frederick Cuvier, will com-
prise little more than the statement that it has no external auricles :
the foramina are so small that all trace of an ear to a casual observer
is imperceptible. The colour of the animal is intensely and uni-
formly black ; the hair is stiff and close, and very short ; the nails of
the hinder claws are rudimentary ; the eyes are large, black and full,
and the iris crimson.

" The measurements of the specimen from which the cranium sent
was obtained, are the following : —

ft. in.
Total length along the back from the snout to the tip of the

tail 4 2

Length of the tail 3

From the snout to the insertion of the fore -paw 1 6

From the insertion of the fore-paw to that of the hind-paw. . 2 10

81

ft. in.

Circumference of the body near the fore-paws 3 2

Breadth of the back at the fore-paws 1

From one fore-paw to the other, extended out 2 6

Length of the fore-paw , 10

Length of the hind-paw 11

Circumference at the hind-paws 1 6

Breadth of the head across the ears, horizontally measured. . 7

Length of the head 9

Breadth of the nose 4^

*' Other seals hwre been taken nearly, if not quite, double this
size."

A paper was then read, " On a new Genus of the Family Lophida
(les Pectorales Pedicul^es, Cuv.) discovered in Madeira." By the
Rev. R. T. Lowe, M.A., Corr. Memb.

The addition, Mr. Lowe observes, of an unequivocal new genus to
a funily so circumscribed and so singular as LophicUe is well-worthy
of remark. The present genus has, besides, further claims on the
attention of the ichthyologist in the peculiar combination of distinc-
tive features of its own with characters exhibited by other groups in
the same family ; and this independent of the interest attaching to
the fish in which they are exemplified, from singularity of form and
aspect, brilliancy of colouring, locality, and extreme rarity, no other
instance of its capture at Madeira having occurred during the last
twenty years.

It is nearest allied amongst the groups of Lophida, in general
habit and aspect, with Cheironectes, Cuv., although in technical cha-
racters it may seem to approach even nearer to Halieutcca, Val.

llie individual described was taken with an ordinary bait and line
at the Picos, a rocky shoal about a league from shore off Camera de
Lobos, a village five or six miles westward of Funchal.

Chaukax, nov. gen.

Char. Gen. Corpus subcubico-oblongum, sufflatabile, nudum, cute
prsesertim ad ilia ventremque flaccidissima laxa ; antic^ obesum, pos-
tic^ abrupt^ attenuatum subcompressum. Caput osseum magnum
Bttbtetrahedrum, supern^ nuchdque latum planatum, utrinque S. ad
genas declive; oculis lateralibus spatio interoculari convexo; ore
rictuque amplissimis transversis plagio-plateis S. depressis. Dentes
intermaxillares vomerinique palatinique parvi scobinati. Nares sim-
plices (nee pedicellatae nee tubulosae). Spiracula (foramina branchi-
alia) postica S. ad ilia pone pinnarum pectoralium axillas.

Pinna dorsalis unica ; pectoralibus (pedicellatis) carnosis ventrali-
bus jugularibus spathulatis carnosis ; analis postica ; cnudalis sim-
plex truncata.

Cirri, praeter unicum in fossula intemasali, nulli.

Chaunax pictus, Lowe.

D. 11; A. 5; P. 11; V. 4 ; C. ^^

82

Species adhuc unica.

Hab, In mari Maderensi.

Shape thick and deep, subcubic, about half as deep as broad, with
a puffy flaccid appearance, and evidently capable of vast inflation ;
bulky forwards, with the head, nape and body of equal depth and
thickness, contracting suddenly on the flanks or behind the pectoral
fins into a short thickish tail. Back of head and nape as far as the
dorsal fin broad and thick, flattened and uneven or irregularly pro-
tuberant ; thence to the end of the dorsal fin the body is nearly cy-
lindric, becoming compressed towards the root of the caudal fin.

Head broad and deep ; eyes lateral ; sides of the head steep, but not
flat ; mouth very large and wide, but not so wide as the head, horse-
shoe or crescent-shaped. Teeth in a distinct brush-like band on the
edges of both jaws. Tongue very large, thick, hard and smooth.
The nostrils are two inconspicuous, minute, round, simple pores oii
each side, one a little before the other near the edge of the muzzle.
Eyes of moderate side, roundish oval, rather prominent, but not
pedicelled.

In the middle of the front of the muzzle is a short, pedicelled, soft,
flaccid tentacle or caruncle scarcely more than a semidiameter of the
eye in height or length; the whole body destitute of any other
tentacle, ray, filament or spine whatever; the top of the head is
however irregularly knobbed, or uneven, with bony prominences and
depressions.

The breathing-holes or branchial orifices are placed far backwards,
considerably behind the hinder axils of the pectoral fins, in the mid-
dle of the flanks, which are peculiarly flaccid and flabby. They are
oval ear- shaped, and about the size or diameter of the eyes.

The dorsad fin is single, placed nearly in the middle of the whole
length, its height one-fourth of the length of its base.

The anal fin is placed far behind, opposite the end of the dorsal.

The pectoral fins are placed low down about the middle of the
length of the body, beneath the origin of the dorsal fin.

The ventral fins are close together, very forward, quite under the
throat.

Caudal fin simple, truncate, with a straight edge.

All the fins, except the dorsal and caudal, are thick and fleshy,
with the rays strong but indiscernible to the eye, except towards the
outer edges of the pectoral fins.

The whole head and body, with the maxillaries and the rays of
the dorsal and caudal fins, are finely hispid or shagreened, and rough
and scabrous to the touch, the under surface more finely shagreened
than the upper.

The whole skin is singularly loose and flaccid. The head and
body are, as it were, mapped out into compartments by remarkable
chain-like rows of pits or oblong, shining, smooth depressions in the
skin. One set or row of these begins upon the muzzle, and passing
above each eye, turns downwards behind it and runs on a level with
its lower edge straight along the sides as far as the breathing- holes,
thence downwards along the tail to the caudal fin.

83

Under the lower jaw is a horse-shoe-shaped space enclosed by si-
milar smooth pits, the two ends of which, connected by a transverse
chiBdn of pits, turn off backwards towards the comers of the mouth,
and continuing low down on the sides of the belly, end underneath
the axil of the pectoral fins.

A third wavy line runs along the inner or hinder edges of the
maxillaries, and turning obliquely backwards some distance under-
neath the eye, descends till it meets and is terminated by a fourth
obliquely vertical row which crosses the nape like a head-stall, and is
terminated low down on the sides of the throat by the second lon-
gitudinal line. On the nape the edges of these pits are raised or
echinulate, and more disconnected than elsewhere.

* Colour of the whole fish above bright orange, beautifully rosy at
the flanks and sides, and with the fins and lips vermilion ; on the
belly it is nearly white or pale, suffused with flesh -colour or rosy,
and with the ventral or anal fins deeper vermilion.

The tentacle dull, its stalk orange.

MEASUBEMBNTS. incheS.

Whole length 16

From tip of upper jaw to origin of dorsal fin 6

Length of base of dorsal fin 4

Length from end of base of ditto to root of caudal fin. ... 2

Length of caudal fin 3 J

Length of head 5

Breadthi greatest at fore axil of pectoral fins, from . . 8 to 10
Depth, greatest half-way, the tip of upper jaw and origin

of dorsal fin 4

Depth at root of caudal fin 1

Length from tip of lower jaw to root of ventral fins .... 4

Length of ventral fins « . . 2^

Length from each breathing-hole to root of caudal fin. ... 5

Diameter of eyes 0}

Mr. Gould then exhibited to the meeting two new Australian
birds, which he characterized as follows : —

Mbliphaga longirostbis. Vertice et gents nigris ; plumis minutis
ad basin mandibuke superioris, mystacibus ad basin in/erioris man-
dibula, strigd superciliari, plumarum cristuld post aures, plumis-
que injugulo setosis, albis.
Top of the head and cheeks black, with minute white feathers
on the forehead round the base of the upper mandible ; a super-
ciliary stripe, a moustache at the base of the lower mandible, and
a small tuft of feathers immediately behind the ear- coverts white ;
feathers on the throat white and bristle-like ; upper surface brownish
black, becoming browner on the rump ; wings brownish black, the
outer edges of the quills margined at the base with beautiful wax-
yellow, and faintly margined with white towards the extremities ;
tail brownish black, margined externally at the base with wax-yel-

84

low, and with a large oval spot of white on the inner web, at the tip
of all but the two centre feathers; surface white broadly striped
with black, the black predominating on the breast and the white on
the abdomen ; irides white ; bill and feet black.

Hah, Western Australia.

Total length, 7 inches; bill, 1 ; wing, 3^; tail, 3|; tarsi, f.

Remark, — Nearly allied to the M. Novce-HoUandiee, but differing
from that species in the stouter and more lengthened form of the
bill, and in having the white patch on the face much less defined.

LiMOSA Melanuroides. Capite, ei corpore auperiore griseo-fuscis ;

primariis secondariisque ad basin et tectr%cO)U8 ala majoribus ad

apicem albis, colore, expan»d pennd, tanquam fascid apparente;

teetricibvs eauda superioribus albis ; candd atrd, nisi rectricibus

lateralihus duabus ad basin albis.

Head and all the upper surface greyish brown, with a small streak

of black down the centre of the feathers ; wings dark brown ; shafts

white ; base of the primaries and secondaries and tips of the greater

coverts white, forming a band when the wing is expanded ; upper

tail- coverts white, forming a conspicuous mark ; tail black, with the

exception of the two lateral feathers on each side, which are white

at the base and black at the tip ; neck, breast and flanks greyish

brown ; abdomen and under tail-coverts white ; irides brown ; bill

greenish grey, becoming paler on the sides of the upper man^ble ;

legs and feet greenish grey.

Total length, 13 inches ; bill, 3| ; wing, 7| ; tail, 3 J ; tarsi, 2|.
Hab, Port Essington.

Remark, — Nearly allied to, but differing from, the Limosa mela-
nura of £urope in its much smaller size.

85

October 13, 1846.
William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.
The following papers were read to the Society : —

" On twenty new species of Trochilida or Humming Birds."
By J. Gould, F.R.S.

Having lately turned my attention to the Trochilida, I find that,
much as this beautiful group has attracted the notice of previous
writers, several species remain undescribed.

At a former meeting of the Society I characterized three, and on
the present occasion I propose to describe seventeen others, making
twenty in all. The species described are contained in my own col-
lection.

1. Trochilus (topaza) pyra. Troch, abdomine, lateribus, dorso,
humerisque, igneis rubro-fulgentibus ; capite, auribus, nuchd, et
fascid inferiorem collum ornante, intense atris ; guld luminos^ vu
ridi, medid aurantiacd ; rectricibus intermediis duabus viridibus,
purpuraacentibm, reliquis autem intense purpureis ; rectricibus
duabus intermediis proximis valde elongatis et ad bases decussatis.

Abdomen, sides, back, and shoulders, luminous fiery-red ; head,
ear-coverts, back of the neck, and a band crossing the lower part of
the neck, deep velvety black ; throat luminous pale green, passing
into rich orange in the centre ; two centre tail-feathers purplish
green, the remainder deep purple, the feather on each side the cen-
tre ones much- elongated and crossing each other near the base;
upper tail-coverts luminous light green with red reflexions ; under
tail-coverts luminous green ; primaries purplish brown ; bill black ;
feet blackish brown.

Total length from the tip of the bill to the end of the centre tail-
feather, 6 inches ; to the end of the elongated feathers, 8^ ; bill, 1^ ;
wing, Z\ ; tail, 2|-, of the elongated feathers, 4|-.

Hab, Rio Negro, Brazil.

Remark, — I consider this to be without exception the most gor-
geous species of the Trochilidse yet discovered. It is somewhat
larger than, but of precisely the same form as, T. pella, which fii^e
species it far exceeds in the brilliancy of its colouring, and from
which it is at once distinguished by the fiery lustre of its body and
the purplish colouring of its tail-feathers.

2. Trocuilus (lesbia) smaragdinus. Troch. vertice fulgente vi-
ridi; guld nitente cceruled; caudd perlongd, furcatdy fulgentissimd
metallic'^ viridi ; pogoniis rectricum externarum utrisque ad basin
et intemis reliquarum pogoniis nigris.

No. CLXIV. — Proceedings of the Zoological Society.

86

Crown of the head luminous green ; throat shining steel-blue ;
body green, the under surface with a golden tinge ; tail very long
and forked, metallic green and very luminous ; basal portion of both
webs of the outer feathers and the inner webs of the remainder
black ; wings brown ; bill black.

Total length, 7| inches; bill, }; wing, 2J; tail, 5.

Hah. Bolivia.

i2ff»iarA:.— This beautiful species is nearly allied to the Omismya
Kingii, Less.

3. Trochilus (lesbia) gracilis. Troch, guld nitente metallic^
viridi; caudd perlonyd valde furcatd; rectricibus extemis aneo-
fuscis, ieneo colore ad splendentem maculam cujusque in apice
plumce fulgentiore, pogoniorum externorum dimidio hasali cervino ;
reliquis rectricibus aureo-viridihus ad basin fuscis.

Throat beautiful shining metallic green; the remainder of the
body golden-green; wings brown; tail very long, much-forked;
the outer feathers bronzy brown, the bronze gradually increasing
in intensity and becoming a brilliant spot at the tip ; basal half of
the outer webs bufFy white ; remaining feathers brown at the base
and shining golden green for the remainder of their length; bill
black.

Total length, 6^ inches ; bill, i ; wing, 2^ ; tail, 4^.

Hab, Peru.

Remark, — This species is very closely allied to the Trochilus
Gouldii, Lodd., vide Proc. of Comm. of Sci. and Corr. of Zool. Soc,
part 2, p. 7, which is synonymous with the Omismya Sylphia, Less.,
but from which it differs in several characters, which upon an exami-
nation of many specimens, are found to be constant; the bill is
shorter, the green of the body ochreous, and the lower part of
the abdomen more buffy, or not so green as in the Gouldii : the
most remarkable difference, however, is in the outer tail-feathers,
which are much narrower and not so green. By some ornitholo-
gists this might be considered as a mere local variation ; but as I
have seen many of each kind, and find that the differences are con-
stant, I feel assured that the two birds are specifically distinct.

4. Trochilus (ocreatus) rufocaligatus. Troch. guld et collo
superiore fulgentibus metallic^ viridibus ; tar sis densis plumisfer-
rugineis ocreatis ; caudd fused, rectricibus extemis prohngatis
angustis latte tamen spathula formd terminatis.

Throat and fore-part of the neck luminous metallic green; plumage
of the body bronzy green ; wings brown ; tarsi clothed with a thick
ruff of rusty-red feathers ; tail brown, the outer feathers prolonged
and narrow, and ending in a broad spatulate tip ; bill black.

Total length, 4^ inches ; bill, | ; wing. If ; tail, 2^.

Hab. Bolivia.

Remark. — Nearly allied to the Omismya Underwoodii, Less.

5. Trochilus (ocreatus) ligonicaudus. Troch. facie, collo supe-
riore et pectore viridibus, plumis pectoris majoribus, fulgentiori*

87

bus^ griseo nonnunquam fimbriatis ; medio abdomine aureo-Jvseo;
uropygio fascid albo-cervind transversim omato ; demdd purpuras'^
cente fused, fascid latd per mediam strofnined ; rectricibus lateral
libus pHmo diminuentibus, latis autem tanquatn spathulis termu
nantibus.
Face and forepart of the neck green, which colour is continued
on the chest, where the feathers become larger, longer, more lumi-
nous, and some of them edged with grey ; centre of the abdomen
golden brown; lower part of the abdomen and under tail -coverts
bufiy brown; wings purplish black; back and upper tail- coverts
green, the rump crossed by a band of huffy white ; tail purplish
brown, with a broad stripe of buff down the centre ; the lateral fea-
thers tapering and terminating in a large spatulate tip ; bill black.
Total length, 4 J inches; bill, |; wing, 1|; tail, 2J.
Hab, Brazil.
Remark, — Nearly allied to Trochilus platurus,

6. Tbochilus ( ?) cupRicAUDA. Troch. guld luminosk cam-

leO'Viridi; vertice, collo, dorso, omnique corpore superiore fuU
gentibus saturate purpurea -fuscis ; caudd infrctjulgentissimd tenedy
suprH, aned vario lumine nunc viridi, nunc purpured, splendente.

Throat lustrous blueish green ; crown of the head, neck, back and
all the upper surface dark lustrous purplish brown ; wings the same,
but lighter ; under surface of the tail rich fiery copper colour and
very luminous; upper surface in one light rich purplish copper
colour, and in another greenish ; bill black.

Total length, 5 inches; biU, 1 ; wing, 3 ; tail, 2J.

Hab. Bolivia.

Remark, — ^This species is much larger, but belongs to the same
section as the Trochilus smaragdinicollis of D'Orbigny and the T.
Allardi of Bourcier.

7. Teochilus ( .'') JENEOCAUDA. Troch, guld viridi metallic^

fulgente; corpore viridi fusco supra commutto; alis fuscis pur-
purascentibus ; caudd infrd fulgente aneo-viridi, suprd metallic^
fused, nonnunquam intense cyaned resplendente.

Throat luminous metallic green, under surface mingled green and
brown ; upper surface green, wings purplish brown ; under surface
of the tail luminous brassy green ; upper surface of the tail metallic
brown, changing in some lights to deep indigo blue ; bill black.

Total length, 4| inches; bill, 1 ; wing, 2^; tail, 2.

Hab. Bolivia.

Remark, — Belongs to the same section as the last.

8. Trochilus ( ?) violifer. Troch, vertice, nuchd, mento,

loris, pectoreque viridibus ; medid guld maculd semilunari lumi'
nos^ violaced notatd ; dorso et uropygio aureo-viridibus abdomine
inferiore, tectricibus cauda superioribus inferioribusque, et caudd
rufis.

Crown of the head, back of the neck, chin, ear-coverts, and breast
green ; on the centre of the throat a well-defined lunate mark of

88

luminous violet ; back and rump golden green ; lower part of the
abdomen, the upper and under tail-coverts light rufous ; tail light
rufous, the tips of the feathers washed with greenish reflexions ;
wings purplish brown ; the external edge of the first primary rufous ;
biU black.

Total length, 5^ inches ; bill. If ; wing, 3 ; tail, 2^.

Hab, Bolivia.

Remark, — This fine species is of the same form as the Omismya
Bonapartei,

9. T&ocHiLus (lampobnis) cyanofbctus. Troch. guld viridi
metallic^ resplendente ; medio pectore fulgente metallice cyaneo ;
capitet dorso, humeris, lateribus, et abdomine inferiore €eneO'Viri'
dibus ; caudd teneo-fitscd nonnunquam pogoniis internis albd ma-
culd ad apicem ornatis.

Throat lustrous metallic green ; centre of the breast deep lustrous
metallic blue ; head, back, shoulders, flanks, and lower part of the
abdomen bronzy green ; wings purplish brown ; tail in some speci-
mens entirely bronzy brown, in others bronzy brown with a spot of
white on the inner web at the tip; bill black, curved stout and
large for the size of the body.

Total length, 4| inches ; bill. If ; wing, 2 j ; tail, 1}.

Hab. Venezuela.

Remark. — This bird is about the size of Trochilvs mango, but is
not intimately allied to any known species.

10. Tbochilus (lampobnis) aubescens. Troch. guld falgente
aured; pectore latdfascid nifd, f route vittd lucidd caruleo-viridi
cinctd ; omni superiore corpore, rectricibus intermediis duabus,
tectricibus alarum superioribus inferioribusque, et abdomine aneo^
viridibus ; alia fuscis purpurascentibus ; rectricibus lateralibus
castaneis fusdsj infrd, et suprct ad apices aneis; tectricibus cauda
inferioribus saturate cervinis.

Throat rich luminous gold colour ; across the chest a broad band
of deep rufous ; on the forehead a narrow stripe of shining blueish
green ; all the upper surface, two central tail feathers, upper and
under wing-coverts, and abdomen bronzy green ; wings purplish
brown ; lateral tail feathers chestnut-brown, tipped both above and
beneath with a bronzy lustre ; under tail- coverts deep f&wn-colour ;
bill black.

Total length, 4 inches; bill, 1 ; wing, 2^ ; tail, 1^.

Hab, Rio Negit), Brazil.

11. Tbochilus (lampobnis ?) fulviventbis. Troch. capite, omni
corpore superiore, cauddque nitente viiidibus ; rectricibus extemis
ad apices albis; alis fmcis; guld, pectore et abdomine cervinis ;
tectricibus cauda inferioribus albis.

Head, all the upper surface and tail glossy green ; the outer feathers
of the latter largely tipped with white ; wings brown ; throat, breast
and abdomen deep buff ; under tail-coverts white; upper mandible and
- point of the lower black ; the remainder of the under mandible buff.

89

Total length, 4 inches ; bill, 1 ; wing, 2| ; tail, 1|.
Hab. Venezaela.

12. Teochilus ( ?) NIGR0FA8CIATA. Troch, guld resplendenie

viridi; abdomine humerisque extremis nitide aeruleis, ab viridi
guldfascid semilunari intense atrd divisis ; cauddfurcatd caruled.

Throat lustrous green ; abdomen and edge of shoulders shining-
blue, separated from the green of the throat hj a lunate band of
black; back and wing-coverts brownish green; head and back of
the neck bronze ; wings brown ; tail, which is considerably forked,
dull steel-blue ; bill black.

Total length, 4^ inches; bill, |; wing, 2| ; tail. If.

Hab. Bio Negro, Brazil.

Remark, — ^Nearly allied to Trochilus furcatus^

13. Tbochilus ( ?) RUFicEPS. Trock, vertice ferrugineo ;

gvldjttlgenteaneo-viridi; corpore viridi, infra fusco-tincto ; caudd
magnd, furcatd, aned.

Crown deep rusty red ; throaA lustrous bronze green ; upper sur-
face green ; under surface brownish green ; tail large and forked, and
of a pure bronze ; wings purplish brown ; bill black.

Total length, 3|^ inches ; bill, | ; wings, 2^ ; tail, 2.

Hob, Bolivia.

Remark. — ^This is much smaller, but nearly allied to T.heteropogon,

14. Tbochilus ( ?) inornata. Troch, corpore superiore

aneo-viridi, inferiore ad latera brunneo, CBneo splendente; gula
plumis ad apices aeruleis ; alis cauddque aneis.

All the upper surface bronzy-green ; under surface brown, with
bronzy reflexions on the flanks ; feathers of the throat tipped with
caerulean blue ; wings and tail bronzy, all the latter tipped with buff;
bill black.

Total length, 3| inches ; bill, | ; wings, 2^ ; tail, 1|.

Hab. Bolivia.

Remark, — ^This species is closely allied to the species called Le
Sabine by the French, Trochilus ?

Hab, Bolivia.

15. Tbochilus (lofhornis) rbgulus. Troch, plumis in vertice
castaneo'/uscis valdl elangatis, acuminatis, ad apices viridibus ;
guld pectoreque luminose viridibus, plumis ad colli latera elongatis,
minus autem quam in Trochilo magnifico ;fascid in uropygio albd ;
caudd castaneo-fuscd, plumis singulis aneo-viridibus fimbriatis.

Feathers of the crown chestnut-brown, very much lengthened,
carried to a point, and tipped with green ; throat and breast luminous
green ; the feathers on the side of the neck elongated, but not to so
great an extent as in Trochilus magnificus ; back and abdomen green,
with bronze reflexions; rump crossed by a band of white; tail
chestnut- brown, each feather margined externally with bronzy green ;
wings purplish brown ; bill light brown, darker at the tip.

Totfid length, 3 J inches; bUl, |; wing, 1|; tail, l^.

Hab, Interior of Brazil.

90

Remark, — ^This beautiful species is nearly allied to the T. omata
and T. magnifica, but differs from them in the lesser development of
the feathers of the sides of the neck and in the greater size of the
crest, which is more largely developed than in any other species
known.

16. Trochilus ( ?) HYPOLEucus. Trock. corpoTC superiore

viridi; guld et corpore inferiore albis; reciricibus iatermediis
duabus viridibus, reliquis fuscis viridi splendentibus, ad apices
albis.

All the upper surface green ; throat and all the under surface
white ; wings brown ; two centre tail-feathers green ; the remainder
brown, glossed with green and largely tipped with white ; bill black ;
base of the lower mandible paler.

Total length, ^ inches; bill, 1| ; wing, 2^; tail. If.

Hab, Bolivia.

Remark. — ^Nearly allied to T. leucogaster, Tschudi, and not far
removed from T. albirostris, Auct.

17. Trochilus ( ?) hispidus. Troch. omni corpore superiore

aneO'fusco ; auribus saturate fuscis infrd, et suprct lined cervind
marginatis ; corpore inferiore griseo-fusco ; jugulo latis strigis
albis plumisque longioribus ornato ; caudd viridi-fuscd, rectri'
dbus lateralibus vix albo ad apices pictis, centralibus attenuatis,
vald^ elongatis.

All the upper surface bronzy brown; ear- coverts dark brown,
bordered above and below with a line of buff; under surface brownish
grey, with broad stripes of white down the throat, where the feathers
are much elongated ; tail greenish brown, the lateral feathers slightly
tipped with white ; the central feathers much elongated and attenu-
ated towards the apex, the attenuated portion white ; wings brown ;
upper tail-coverts very broad, much-prolonged and hair-like; bill
black, basal half of the under mandible straw-colour.

Total length, 6| inches ; bill, \\\ wing, 2f ; tail, 3.

^aft. Peru?

Remark. — ^This bird belongs to the same section as the T. Bour-
deri, T. Guy, T. Eurynome, &c. of Less., and equals in size the largest
of them.

The species described by me at the meeting of June 9, 1846,
(ante, pp. 44, 45) were

18. Trochilus (pbtasophora) coruscans, a beautiful species al-
lied to the Anais, but whose locality is unknown to me.

19. Trochilus ( ?) flabellifbra, which is nearly allied to,

but a much larger species than T. mellivora, said to inhabit Mexico ;
and

20. Trochilus ( ?) strophianus, a fine new species of the

same form as the Clarisse and the Parzudaki.

91

" Descriptions of thirteen new species of Brachiopoda," fiy G. B,
Bowerby, F.L.S.

Tebebratula niobicaks. Ter. testd aniic^ rotundatd,postice acicmi-

natd, tenuiusculd, nigricante; valvis itUBqualibus, radiaiim costatis,

costis roiundatis; lined marginali rectiusculd; valvd dorsali sub^

trigond, depressiusctdd, rotundatd, lateribus posticis declivibus ;

foramine magnoy haud integro, quadrato ; ared cardmali magnd,

planiusculd, lateribus rotwadatis ; deltidiis angustis ad latera

/oraminis coalesceniibus ; valvd ventrali depressd^ transversim

ovatd; deniibug cardinalibus ut in T. psittaced; tnargine valva-

rum crenulato.

A single specimen of this very interesting species was found in

the collection of the late G. Humphrey, without locality. This and

the T. psittacea are the only species that are not punctated.

Tebebratula Japonica. Ter. testd oblongd, antick rotundatd, tenui,

albicante ; valvis subaqualiter convexis, longitudinaliter radiatim

striatis, striis numerosis, subirregularibus, subbifurcatis, ad latera

prope cardinem confertiusculis ; lateribus prope cardinem subpla-

nulatis; lined marginali rectiusculd, ad latera postice declivi;

valvd dorsali postic^ subproductd, truncatd ; foramine mediocri,

haud integro, perobliquo ; ared cardinali inconspicud, deltidiis ob'

soletis ; intemo parvo, ^ longitudinis valva, ramulos duos angus-

tos, demum amentum latum fiexuosum sistente ; marginibus valva-

rum minutissim!^ denticulato.

Shell oblong, rounded in front, thin, whitish; valves nearly equally

convex, longitudinally radiately striated, striae numerous, rather

irregularly dichotomous and very close-set on the sides near the

hinge; the sides near the hinge rather flattened; marginal line

nearly straight, inclining to the sides near the hinge ; dorsal valve

somewhat produced posteriorly and truncated, with a moderate-sized,

very oblique and incomplete perforation ; cardinal area indistinct,

with obsolete deltidia; internal appendages small, one- third the

length of the valve, with two narrow little branches, and then a broad

flexuous loop ; margin of the valves very minutely denticulated.

In Mr. Cuming's collection, from Japan. Easily distinguished
from T. cancellata of Koch by its foramen not being entire.

Tbbbbbatula crbnulata. Ter. testd suborbiculari, postice subacu-

minatd, subtruncatd, crassiusculd, albicante; valvis inaqualibus,

radiatim costatis, costis paucis, majusculis, rotundatis ; lined mar^

ginali flexuosd, antice subsinuaid ; foramine magho, subintegro ;

ared cardinali magnd, subplanulatd, margine undulato; deltidiis

magnis, discretis; valvte ventralis margine postico ad utrumque

latus declivi i ossiculo intemo e spind validd obtusd antic^ por-

rectd, ramulis duobus lateralibus retroversis ; margine valvarum

crenato.

Shell suborbicular, rather attenuated and subtruncate behind,

rather thick and whitish ; valves unequal, with few rather large,

rounded, radiating ribs ; marginal line flexuous, slightly sinuated in

92

front ; perforation large, nearly entire ; cardinal area large, flattish,
with an undulated margin ; deltidia large, separate ; posterior mar<^
gin of the ventral valve inclined on either side ; internal appendage
consisting of a single strong spine standing forward, and with two
lateral reflected branches ; margin of the vadves crenated.
From Santa Cruz, in Mr. Cuming's collection.

Terebratula rosea, Humphrey. Ter, testd oblongo^ovali, subde^
pressd, antic^ subattenuatd, erased, rosed, albicante radiatim pictd;
valvis subiBqualibus, lavibvs ; lined marginali subflexuosd, antich
reflexd; valvd dorsali majori, posticl subproductd, truncaid ; fora-
mine minimo, integro ; ared cardinali latiusculd, deltidiis coales-
centibus, sulco mediano discretis ; valvd ventrali owdi, antic^ pau-
Mum rotundato-attenuatd ; lined marginali ex umbane ad utrum-
que latus declivi ; ossiculo costd elevatd, porrectd, simplici con^
stante ; margine valvarum integro.
Shell of an oblong- oval form, rather depressed, slightly attenuated
behind, thick, rose-red, painted with paler radiating marks ; valves
nearly equal, smooth ; marginal line somewhat flexuous, reflected in
front ; dorsal valve the larger, rather produced posteriorly and trun-
cated; perforation very small, entire; cardinal area rather wide,
with united deltidia marked by a mesial groove ; ventral valve oval,
anteriorly slightly attenuated and rounded, its marginal line slanting
downwards from the apex on each side ; internsd appendage con-
sisting of a single elevated rib standing out ; margin of the valves
entire.

From Brazil, according to the late G. Humphrey. In Mr. Cu-
ming's and other collections.

Tbrbbratula RUBICT7NDA. (T, sanguinea, Quoy, Astr.) Ter, testd
suborbicularifpostic^ subacuminatd, gibbd, glabrd, rubrd, valvis in^
€equalibus, subirregularibus ; lined marginali ad latera subflejcuosd,
antic^ sinuatd ; valvd dorsali postic^ productd, truncatd ;foramine
magno, obliquo, subintegro ; ared cardinali rotundatd; deltidiis
magnis, distinctis; carind dorsali laid, prominente, utrinque ro-
tundato-angulatd, obtusd; valvd ventrali subpentagonali, postic^
angustiori, mediane laid, rotundato-subangulatd ; antice subtrun'
catd, sulco mediano lato, conspicuo ; ossiculo intemo magno, ferk
ut in T. dorsatam efformato ; margine valvarum integro.
Shell nearly orbicular, rather acuminated posteriorly, gibbous,
smooth, of a red colour ; valves unequal, rather irregular ; marginal
line slightly flexuous on the sides, sinuated in front ; dorsal valve
produced behind, truncated, with a large, oblique, nearly entire per-
foration; cardinal area rounded, deltidia large, separate; mesial
ridge broad, prominent, angularly rounded, and obtuse on both sides;
ventral valve somewhat pentagonal, narrow posteriorly, broad in the
middle, xi-ith rounded angles, and slightly truncated in front ; mesial
groove broad and distinct ; internal appendage as in T, dorsata ;
margin of the valves entire.

From the Moluccas; in Mr. Cuming's collection and in the Bri-
tish Museum.

Terbbratula sanouinea (sanguinea, Chemn. ; T. erythroleuca of
Quoy). Ter. iestd suborhtculari, antich subemarginatd, gibbosius-
culd, tenui, sanguined, radiis tnaculisque radiantibus albidis omatd;
lined marginali rectd, antick subsinuatd; valvd dorsali postich
subacuminatd, truncatd, foramine mediocri, integro, ared cardinali
latiusculd, marginibus subacutis, deltidiis majusculis, coalescenti-
bus; valvd ventrali depressiusculd, transversim obovatd, antic^
subsinuatd, ossiculo interna primum format radios duos, deindh
annulum centralem et amenta duo lateralia, demum amentum su-
perum integrum.
Shell suborbicular, slightly notched in front, rather gibbous, thin,
of a bright light red colour, with white rays and radiating spots ;
marginal line straight, slightly sinuated in front ; dorsal valve rather
acuminated behind and truncated ; perforation middle-sized, com-
plete; cardinal area rather broad, with sharpish edges; deltidia
rather large and united ; ventral valve somewhat depressed, trans-
versely obovate, slightly sinuated in front ; the internal appendage
at first forms two rays, then a central ring and two lateral loops,
and at length a reflected dorsal loop united to the central ring ;
margin of the valves entire.

From the island of Zebu, attached to coral under stones; H.
Cuming.

Tbbbbratula inconspicua. Ter, testd rotundato-subtrigonali, pos-
tic^ acuminato-rotundatd, antic> subsinuatd, obscur^ rufd; valvis tn-
aqttalibus, glabris; lined marginali flexuosd ; valvd dorsali rotun-
dato-subtrigond, maximd incompletd; ared cardinali latd^ad utrum-
que latus declivi; deltidiis mediocribus, lat^ discretis ; valvd ven*
trait transversim oblongd, subplanulatd, sulco mediano, lata, subin^
conspicuo; margine valvarum integro.
Shell rounded, subtrigonal, acuminated and rounded behind,
slightly sinuated before, dull red ; valves unequal, smooth ; marginal
line flexuous ; perforation large, incomplete ; cardinal area broad, in-
clining on each side ; deltidia of moderate size, widely separated ;
ventral valve transversely oblong, somewhat flattened, with a broad,
rather indistinct mesial groove ; margin of the valves entire.
From the late G. Humphrey's collection : locality unknown.

Terebbatula fulchblla. Ter. testd subovatd, postice acuminatO'
rotundatd, lavi, albidd, lineis nonnullis radiantibus rufis ; valvis
imequalibus; lined marginali subflexuosd; valvd dorsali subpla^
nulatd, postick acuminatd, antick rotundatd, foramine magno, in*
completo ; ared marginali inconspicud, lateribus rotundatis ; delti^
diisparvis, discretis; valvd ventrali subcirculari, planulatd ; ossi'
culo intemo e gnomone porrecto, antich posito, constante; margine
valvarum integro.
Shell subovate, acuminated and rounded behind, smooth, whitish
with a few radiating red lines ; valves unequal, marginal line some-
what flexuous ; dorsal valve rather flattened, acuminated posteriorly,
rounded in front ; perforation large, incomplete ; cardinal area in-
distinct, its sides rounded ; deltidia small, separate ; ventral valve

94

somewhat circular, flattened; internal appendage consisting of a
single prominent gnomon near the front ; margin of the valves entire.
Found by Mr. Coming attached to corals at Cakpan, isle of
Mindoro ; idso from the island of Cocos, Lieut. Swainaon ; in the
late G. Humphrey's collection.

Tebebbatula cogkata, Chemn. Ter, testd subtrapezoidaJi^ antice
rotundatd, pallescente, nonnunquam rubente ; valvis hutqmalibus^
radiatim obsolete striatis, versus margincm obliteratis ; Imed mar-
ginali lateraliter anticeque flexuosd; valvd dorsali convexd, Urd
mediand inconspicud ; apice subacuminaio refiexo ;foramine magno,
' hand integro ; ared cardinali angttstd, deltidiis parvis, trigontdL-
bus; valvd ventrali planulatd, margine postico rectiusculo; sulco
mediano subperspicuo ; ossiculo intemo rdmulos duos centrales,
divergentes, ad apices expanses sistente; margine intemo valvarum
denticulato.
Shell nearly trapezoidal, rounded in front, of a pale colour, some-
times reddish ; valves unequal, obsoletely radiately striated, the striae
entirely oUiterated near the margin ; marginal line flexuous in front
and on the sides ; dorsal valve convex, with an inconspicuous central
ridge, its apex somewhat acuminated, reflected, with a large incom-
plete perforation ; cardinal area narrow, with small triangular del-
tidia ; ventral valve flattened, its posterior margin nearly straight,
with a scarcely evident central furrow ; intemsd appendages con-
sisting of two little centra] diverging branches, expanded at their
apices ; margin of the valves denticulated within.

There are two varieties in colour, from South Africa, according to
the late G. Humphrey.

Tbrbbratula tbansversa. Ter, testd transversim subovatd, tenui,

rudi, glabrd, pallescente ; lined marginali subflexuosd, antic'k sub'

sinuatd; foramine maximo, incompleto ; ared cardinali magnd,

planatd; deltidiis parvis, long^ discretis; carind dorsali incon^

spicud, rotundatd; valvd ventrali transversim oblongd, antice

rotundatd, postick in angulo obtusissimo desinente ; sulco mediano

subinconspicuo, rotundato ; margine valvarum integro.

Shell transversely subovate. thin, rugose, smooth, of a pale colour ; .

marginal line somewhat flexuous, slightly sinuated in front; dorsal

valve of a somewhat tetragonal ovate form, very obtusely angular

behind and reflected; perforation very large, incomplete; cardinal

area large and flattened ; deltidia small, very distant ; mesial ridge

rounded, indistinct ; ventral valve transversely oblong, rouuded in

front, and finishing in a very obtuse angle behind ; mesial groove

rounded ; indistinct margin of the valves entire.

In Mr. Norris's collection and in that of Mr. Janelle.

Tebebbatula rubella, Sow. Ter. testd subovatd, postic^ sub-
acuminatd, subgibbd, antic^ subsinuatd, rubrd ; valvis inaqualibus,
glabrts; lined marginali rectiusculd, antick subsinuatd; valvd
dorsali posticl subacuminatd, reflexd, carind mediand nulld, sulco
mediano obsoletissimo, foramine parvo ; ared cardinali angvstd, ad

95

iatera rotuntUUd, deliidiis majusculig, coalescentibus ; valvd v^^
trail ovatd, nUoo mediamo (atim^culo, emarginaiionem anticam
efbrmante ; ossiculo intemo W in T. austraii ; rnargine valvarum
Unissimo.
Shell nearly oval, rather acuminated posteriorly, a little gibbous
and slightly sinuated anteriorly ; valves unequal, smooth ; marginal
line nearly straight, a little sinuated in front ; dorsal valve rather
acuminated posteriorly, reflected, without any mesial ridge, but with
a very obsolete mesud furrow; perforation small; cardinal area
narrow, rounded at the sides, with rather large united deltidia ; ven-
tral valve ovate, with a broad mesial groove forming a sinus in front ;
internal appendage as in 7. oHstralis.

From Japan. In Mr. Norris's and Mr. Cuming^s collecdons.

Tbbbbratula Labradorknsis. Ter. teatd suborlnculari, postk^
acumifuUd, obtvsd, crassiusculd, albidd; valvis valdi intequalibus,
radiatim obsolete costatis; lined nutrginali suhflexuosd; valvd
dorsali antu^ rotvndatd, poetic^ acuminatd, obtusd; foramine
magno, integro; ared cardinali magna, subplanulatd ; deltidiis
majusculis, coalescentihus ; carind dorsali inconspicud ; valvd ven-
traii suborbicmlari, postici subacmninatd ; margine valvarum ere-
nulaio.
Shell suborbicnlar, acuminated behind, obtuse, Uiickish, whitish ;
valves very unequal, obsdetely radiately ribbed ; marginal line some-
what flezuous ; dorsal valve rounded in front, acuminated and dbtuse
behind; perforation large, entire; cardinal area large, somewhat
^tened ; ddtidia ralber large, united ; mesial ridge indistinct; ven-
tral valve nearly orbicular, slightly acuminated behind ; margin of
the valves crenulated.
In the British Museum. From Labrador ; C. Goodair.

TEBBBBATUiJk Algobitsis. IW. testd suborbiculari, postic^ subacu-
minatd, antic^ sublobatd, dUndd; valvis radiatim striatis; carind
dorsaU conspicud, rotundatd; foramine magno, incompleto ; mar-
gine valva dorsali minuiissimk cremUato,
Shell suborbicnlar, slightly acuminated behind, rather lobed in
front, whitish ; valves radiately striated ; mesial ridge distinct, round-
ish ; perforation large, incomplete; margin of the dorsal valve very
minutely crenulated.

A single valve of this specimen is in the British Museum, labelled
" Algoa Bay, Bowerbank."

" Descriptions of new species of MargineUa'* By G. B. Sowerby,
F.L.S.

Mabginblla fusca. Marg. testd elongatd, subovali, postice subanr
gtflafd^ antic^ laU marginatd, in medio paululiUm contractd, fused, vel
palliik purpured, fusco-trifastiafd ; spird breviusculd, apice ob-
tuso ; aperturd angustd, cobtmeUd reethtsctM, plicis guatucr, qua-
rum daue antiets oUm, prominenHbus, sph'aUter elongatis; labio
extemo albo, intusm medio vxemvo, extusju^eo, lat^ refiexo.

9^

inhering from M, niiidu in the colouring and the shortness of the
spire, and in the outer lip being more broadly reflected.
In Mr. Cuming's collection. From the West Indies.

Makoinblla cRAssiLAsauM. Marg. testdsubovaU, in medio suban^
gulatd, pallid^ griaeo-fulvd ; spird brevi; anfractibtis dUlindis^
ultimo dHatato, ad spiram elevaio ; columelld plicis quatuor, qm*
rum dua aatica prominenies^spiraliter elongatis; labio extemo,
craaso, lat^, iacurvap angulato^ exUa vancoso, ad apicem tumide
. elevaio*

. Hub species is remarkable fox the broad angular disc formed by
the outer lip, which is much thickened at the back and mified bo as
nearly to cover the spire*

In Mr. Jackson's and Mr. Cuming's collections. From the West
Indies.

. Maie^inblla tjbniata. Marg, iestd cvali, cylindried, pallida fulvd,

fasviisfvscis tribus cinctd ; spird brevi ; ag^erturd elongatd, posited

subangustatd ; colun^elld plida quatuor^ quorum dxue antica ma-

JQHres ;. labio extemoltcvU bait reflexo.

Difi«ring. from M^joveuaia havisg a shorter .spare and the outer

lip more broadly reflected.

. In Mr. GuBiing's ccdkction. Locality. unknown.

Maroinblla albo-cincta. Marg, iestd subconicd, subangulaid,

fferi; spird productd; anfractibus angulatis, ultimo fasddalbdpr ope

unguium, et altero ad terminum anttcum cincto inter fasctas fuspQ

maculato et punetis nigris picto ; cohmeXld quadriplicatd.

Provisionally described from a young specimen in Mr. Ci:^ining*s

collection. When full-^wn it would probably resemble M, nvJbe-

culata in form.

Maboinblla Psbudo-faba* (AT. Faba^ Lam. Auim. 84 vert., vii.)
Marg, iestd angulatd, anticlt attenuatd, subrecurvd, pallid^ fulvd,
griseo-nehulatd, punctorum irregular ium seriebus 10 sparsim
cinctd; spird prominuld ; anfractibus angulatist ad angulum imlidl
crenulatts, erassis, paulultim arcuatis, posiic^ angulatis,^ anticl
emarginatis, atienuatis.

Much more angular than tlie true M, Fata, cmd has the anterior
part of the body ^whprl tapering ^d bent upwards.

In Mr. Cuming's collection. From the river (jambia. West Africa,

Mabginblla Fauna. Marg. testd ovali, subcylindricd, pallidissimie
earned, spird brevi ; eobmaUd obliqu^ quadiiplieatd ; iabid prope
medium incurvo, exius subincrassato.
Slightly resembling M. pallida, but mpjre oval; the lower part of
the aperture less open, and the outer Kp Uiicker.

In Mr. Cuming's collection. From the isle of Curasso.

MABGiNBLtA HT7LTILINBATA. Marg. testd ovoli, stromined, lineis
rubris numerosis cinctd ; spird pevik eehtd, apicefascid rubrd cir-
culari cincto; aperturd antic^ etpostic^ emarginatd / columelld albd.

97

in medio tunUdd, atUic^ calltfsd, plicis ^uatuor ad quince imtquali*

bus ; lahio externa albo, imtw cremdato, in medio subangulato, estus

tenuiter reflexo.

On the whole resembling tessellaius, but it is much shorter, with

the outer lip less varicose on the outside* and coloured by numerous

red lines instead of the square patches.

In Mr. Cuming's collection. From Belieze, bay of Honduras;
Mr. Dyson.

Maegikblla yaria. Marg. testd elongatd, kevi, antic^ expansd,
albd, vel fu8cd, vel /usco vel ruhro triftuciatd, velpurpureo ton-
gOudinaliter et spireiiter intem^pHm fasciatd ; spird plus minusve
productd; aperturd postick angustd, antic^ subexpansd; colu'
melld quadriplicatd ; lahio externa in medio incurvo, exttts leviter
varicoso.

Differing from 3f . lactea of Kiener in being wider at the anterior
termination, and in the outer lip not being so much elevated*

From the West Indies. Varieties are from Belieze, bay of Hon-
duras.

Maroinella sixilis. Marg. testd ovali, stramined, griseo-nebulatd,
lineis creberrimis interrupthn cinctd; spird pen^ celatd; aper^
turd angustd, anti^ et posti^ emarginatd; columeUd spird
tumidd, anticl varicosd, irregulariter septemplicatd ; labia externa
postic^ spiram paululitm superante, intus cremdato, extus nigra
maadato vix marginato.

The spire is less concealed, and the margin of reflected lip less
distinct than in M. interrupta. The colouring is more mottled.

In Mr. Cuming's collection. From the Brazils.

October 27, 1846.

Richard C. Griffith, Esq., in the Chair.

No business was transacted.

99

November 11, 1846.

George Gulliver, Esq., F.R.S., in the Chair.

A paper was read entitled " Notes on certain species of birds from
Malacca," by H. E. Strickland, F.G.S.

Having lately examined a collection of Malacca birds belonging
to the Yorkshire Philosophical Society, comparing them with speci-
mens in my own cabinet, and with the descriptions given by MM.
Temminck, Blyth, Eyton and other authors, I have thrown together
such remarks as appeared necessary for the elucidation of their cha-
racters and s3nionymy. For some of the identifications of species I
am indebted to Mr. Blyth's letters to myself*.

Athene scutulata (Raff.), (Striof hirsuta, Temm., Ninox nipalensis,
Hodgs.) — This is tie Athene malaccensis of Mr. Eyton, Ann. Nat.
Hist, V. xvi. p, 228.

Caprimulgus macrurus, Hors. — Differs from the C. alhonotatus,
Tickell, of India, in its smaller size, being only about 1 1 inches in
total length, wing 1\, tail 5^, and in its darker colour. It appears
to be the same as the C. macrurus from North Australia figured by
Mr. Gould, except in wanting the second white patch seen on the
breast in his figure.

Cypselus affinis, Gray. — ^Rather larger and of a deeper black than
Indian specimens, but I do not venture to separate them. Wing 5^
inches, tail 2^.

Ceyx tridactyla, (Pall.) — Much confusion has existed in the
synonyms of this and the next species. The present one is distin-*
guished by the whole back and wing-covers being black, each feather
terminated with deep blue. It is well-figured by Mr. Jerdon in
plate 25 of his ' Illustrations of Indian Ornithology.' It is found in
South India and the Malay Peninsula. The following s3monym8
refer to it : — Ceyx luzoniensis, Steph. ; Alcedo purpurea, Gm. ; A^
erithaca, /3. Lath. ; Ceyx microsoma, Burton ; Bonn. Voy. Nouv. Guin.,
pi. 32 : Buff. PL EnL, 778. f. 2. ; Penn. Gen. Birds, pi. 5.

Cbtx rufidorsa, Strickland. C. capitCy dorso, tectricibus cott-

ddque totis Uete rufis, splendore lUacino variantibus ; corpore

subtus aurantio^flavo, mento albo, loris et maculd aurium obscure

ceeruleo-nigrd.

This species, which also occurs at Malacca, is very closely allied

to the last, but differs in having the beak larger in all its dimensions,

* Since this paper was written I have seen some rectifications of synonytns by'
Dr. Hartlaub, Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 1, which nearly agree with those here arrived at.
No. CLXV. — Procbidings of the Zoological Societt.

and in having the whole back and wing-covers, as well as the crown,
rump and tail, rufous, with a brilliant lilac tint. The dark blue spot
on the front and ears is much less marked than in C. tridactyla.
Lower parts orange-yellow ; chin white. This bird was supposed
by Pallas, in his * Spicilegia Zoologica,' part 6, p. 13, to be the female
of C tridactyla. It is figured by Messrs. Jardine and Selby in the
* Illustrations of Zoology/ ser. 1. pi. 55. f. 2. as C. tridaciyla, Mr.
Jerdon, in his * Illustrations of Indian Zoology,' refers this bird to
Alcedo madagascariensis, Lin. ; but as that bird is distinctly described
by the accurate Brisson as having four toes, it must be a true Alcedo,
and I have therefore given a new specific name to the present bird.

Prionochilus thoracicus, (Tem.), PI. Col. 600. f. 1. — ^Temminck's
specimens were from Borneo, an island which has but few species in
common with the peninsula of Malacca. This is closely allied to
P. percussus, which I adopted as the type of my genus Prionochilus.
This genus is very near to Dicaum, and has the stoutest and shortest
beak of all the Nectariniidce, Many systematists would place it near
Pipra or Pardaloius, but the finely serrated mandibles point out its
true afiinities.

IHccBum chrysorrhcBum, Tem. PI. Col. 478. — Judging from the
similarity of plumage in the young of Prionochilus percussus, 1 sus-
pect that this bird is either the female or young of some other species
of Dicauvn,

Phyllornis moluccensis (Gray), ZooL Misc. — ^This is the P. mala-
baricus of Tem. PI. Col. 512. f. 2. and of Blyth, Joum. As. Soc. Beng.
1843, p. 957, but is not the true malabaricus of Sonnerat and Scp-
poli, which has been rediscovered in South India by Mr. Jerdon, and
is a larger bird, with the head green and the forehead orange. The
last is the P. caesmarhynchus of Tickell. In P. moluccensis the whole
top and sides of the head are a clear yellow, surrounding the black
of the chin and throat, and passing into golden yellow on the hind
neck. A small spot on each side of the maxilla indigo-blue. Rest
of body green ; lesser wing-covers azure, primaries and lateral rec-
trices externally greenish blue. P. auri/rons of Nepal differs from
both the above in the chin being blue, &c.

Parus flavocristatus, Lafr. {Melanochlora sumatrana. Less. ; Cratai*
onyx ater, and/avu^, Eyton; Parus sultaneus, Hodgs.) — One of the
Malacca specimens is fully as large and as long-crested as Mr. Hodg-
son's Nepal ones. This is a perfectly typical Parus, and is the
largest species which I know except the so-called Oreoica cristata of
Australia, which I also consider a true Parus.

Pitta cyanura, Gm. (M. qffinis, Horsf.) — An immature specimen;
exhibits plain blue feathers in various parts of the abdomen, which
appear to be supplanting the barred black and rufous feathers com-
monly seen in this species.

Turdus modestus, Eyton.— One of the specimens before me, pro-
bably a fully adult, has the whole throat cinereous brown, and ooly
the tip of the chin white.

101

Cirfa%frfdkm(Honf.). {I^m pknf^Umw. HaxtL; TWcfcyfa
wf» emueepg, hdr.; P^cmomUms rwfoemkkhu, Eytxm). — Thfe is a true
Crimiperj tlioiigli tke beak ib ratlier inder tliui in die type spedes.

Pycmmatms efmuveairig, Blyth, Jomn. As, Soc. Beng. (Mmlmeo-
pterom atarmm, EjtxHi)^ — Tlie smallest qiecies of Pycmomoims with
which I am arqnaintrd. Mr. Blyth makes it €tke type cxf his genus
IxkSm,

Pyemomoims metmmoetpkabu (Gm.)« (/xot mirieeps. Ton. PL CoL
147.)— This seems to be the Ixos meialScus of Mr. Eyton. in whkdi
case the lengthy ^^^ inches, assigned by him (Ann. Nat. ICst. v. xtL
p. 228), is probabl^ a misprint, as the specimens before me hardly
eiceed six i

r crocorrftoM, Stiidd.. Ann. Nat. Hist. t. xiii. p. 412. —
A specimen befiore me has the vent pale scarlet, and is evidently Uia
HmmaionttM tkrymmrkudtM. Lafr., Rev. ZooL 1845, p. 367, bnt is
otherwise identual with that formerly described, in whidi die vent
is ochieous-yellow. These differences may be sexoaL It differs
from PfCMomoims htamorrhoms of Soathem India in having the ear-
covers and lower parts nearly white, and in other respects.

Mfuffrmffrrkopierm (Tem.)> Fl. GoL 596. L2.(Mm$e^petmpkmo9m.
Blyth ; PkUemUmm eatiamea, Eyton.) — ^This bird is intennediate be-
tween Mfiayra and Muscipeta, but the development of the uropygial
feadiers alluded to by Mr. Eyton is hardly sufficient to form a generic
distinction. It is probable that the long downy feathers of the lower
back and rump, which admit of being expanded laterally, like an
umbrella, over the wings, and which we meet with in many distinct
groups of tropical Insessores, as the Formicariitut of America, the
LaniarwuB of Africa, and the Pycnonotime and Timalwus of Asia, may
be a provision of nature against the violent and long-continued rains
of the torrid zone. The species of Flycatcher before us, and the one
which follows, may, from their mode of life or geographical distri-
bution, be more exposed to rain than the other species of Myiagra,
and may be provided with extra clothing accordingly.

Myiagra pectoralis. Lord Arthur Hay in Madras Joum., March
1846. — ^This is another species, in which the dorealand hypochondrial
feathers are lengthened and thickened, even to a greater degree than
in the last. The whole plumage is uniform plumbeous blue, except
the lores and chin, which are blackish ; the flanks, which are streaked
with whitish ; and the inner webs of the remiges and rectrices, which
are bkck. Beak and legs bkck, the former strong, the rictal bristles
reaching two-thirds of its length. The first three remiges graduated,
the fourth and fifth equal. Total length, 7^ inches ; beak to front,
7 lin. ; to gape, 11 lin. ; height, 2^ lin. ; breadth, 4y lin. ; wing, 3 in.
10 lin. ; medial rectrices, 3^^ in. ^ external ditto, 3 in. 5 lin. ; tarsus,
7 lin. A younger specimen is marked with rufous on the wing-
covers, abdomen and lower tail-covers. According to Lord A. Hay,
the above-described is the female, the male having the breast claret-
eoolured, a state of plumage which I have hot s^n.

102

Fbricbocotus modbstus, Strickland. P. eorpore stipra cinereo
subtus albo, remigibus atris, primariis 5. ad 9 et secundariis 00^
nibus/ascid subbasali albd ; rectricibus atris, albo large tennis
natis.

Above uniform cinereous; front whitish; lores black; remiges
blackish, the medial portion of their inner webs white ; the fifth to
ninth primaries and all the secondaries with a sub-basal white bar
on the outer webs ; rectrices blackish, largely tipped with white ;
chin and lower parts white. Length, 8 inches ; beak to front, 5^ lines ;
to gape, 9 lines ; breadth, 3 lines ; wing, 3|- inches ; medial rectrices,
3| inches ; external ditto, 1^ inch ; tarsus, 8 lines ; middle toe and
claw, 8 lines ; hind ditto, 5 lines.

This is a typical species, but is at once distinguished from all the
.other known species of Pericrocotus by the absence of red or yellow
in the plumage.

Dicrurus malabaricus. Scop. (D, rangoonensU, Gould ; D. reHfer^
Tem.) — Racquet-tailed Dicrurus, with a very short erect frontal
crest.

Dicrurus balicassius (D. affinis, Bljrth). — ^This seems to be the true
balicassius of Linnaeus, judging from Brisson's description, though I
have never seen a specimen from the Philippine Islands to compare
with the Malacca bird.

Lanius ludonensis, Lin. — Having now examined many specimens
from the Philippines, Malacca and British India, I find so many vari-
ations in the rufous tint of the upper parts, the amount of white on
the forehead, and the size of the beak, that I am compelled (con-
trary to my former opinion, Ann. Nat. Hist., v. xiv. p. 44) to regard
them as forming one widely-spread and variable species. The Ma-
lacca specimens exhibit a considerable amount of variation in the
size of the beak, and the Philippine ones are generally less rufous
than those from India. If this view of specific identity be correct,
Lanius cristaius, Lin. ; L, super ciliosus. Lath. ; L, phcenicurus, Pallas;
L. magnirostris, B^langer ; L. melanotis, Valenciennes ; L, /errugi-
ceps, Hodgson ; and L, strigatus, Eyton, will all stand as S3monym8
pf Lanius lucionensis, Lin.

Eupetes macrocercus, Tern. — This form appears to belong to the
■ubfEunily Timaliina, a group chiefly confined to the Malasian archi-
pelago and the peninsula of Malacca, and which seems to me to in-^
elude the following genera : Timalia proper, Brachypteryx, Malaco-
pteron, Macronus, and one or two others. They are distinguished
by great density of plumage, especially on the rump, a more or less
shnke-like beak, well-developed legs, and a coloration in which
rufous and brown predominate. Little is known of their habits, but
they probably form a subfamily of the Laniid^e, and may be placed
next to FormicariiruB, in which mogjt of the South American TAom-
nophili and Antcatchers should be included.

Malacoptbbon olivaceum, Strickland* M. supra olivaceo-brun^
neum, remigibus fitscis, extus rufo^brunncQ, inius albido margin.

103

natis; rectricibus rufo-bruwneis, rufo marginatis ; loria super ci-
liisque cinerascentibus, tnento et guld sordide albidis, pectore
hteribusque pallide oHvaceis, abdomine palUdefulvo, criaso pal-
Uderufo,
Upper parts olive-brown ; remiges fuscous, edged externally with
reddish brown and internally with whitish ; tail reddish brown, mar-
gined externally with rufous. Lores and streak over eye greyish ,
chin and throat dirty white ; breast and sides pale olive-brown ; belly
pale fulvous ; vent and lower tail -covers light rufous ; upper man-
dible fuscous, lower yellowish; feet and claws yellowish brown.
Total length, 6 inches ; beak to front, 10 lines ; to gape, 1 inch ;
height, 3 lines ; breadth, 3^ lines ; wing, 2 inches 10 lines ; medial
reetrices, 2^ inches ; external ditto, 2 inches ; tarsus, 1 inch ; middle
toe and claw, 1 1 lines ; hind ditto, 9 lines.

Malacopteron macrodactylum, Strickland in Ann. Nat. Hist., v. xiii.
p. 4 17.- — Since described as Brachypteryx albogularis hy Dr. Hartlaub^
Rev. Zool. 1844, p. 401. It is however a true Malacopteron, which
genus differs from the type of Brachypteryx by its shorter legs and
by the beak, in which the shrike-like form is developed to the greatest
extent of all the Timaliirue. Brachypteryx sepiaria of Horsf. is a
Malacopteron*.

Timalia pectoralis, Bl3rth (= Malacopteron squamatum, Eyton).

"nmalia nigricollis. Tern. PI. Col. 594. f. 2. (Brachypteryx nigrogu-
laris, Eyton ; Timalia erythronotus, Blyth). — ^This is a typical Timalia.

Timalia erythroptera, Blyth, Joum. As. Soc. Beng. {Timalia pyr-,
rhophaa, Hartl. ; Brachypteryx acutirostris, Eyton). — A true Timalia,

Amadina acuticauda, Hodgs. in Asiatic Researches^ v. xix. — A
well-marked species intermediate between A. striata, Lin.> and A.
punctularia, Lin.

Agapornis? malaccensis. Lath. sp. — In the descriptions hitherto
given of this bird no mention is made of the deep brownish red
feathers on the radial margin of the wing. Mr. Blyth makes of
this bird his genus Psittinus.

Tiga Rafflesi, Vig. — The only description which I can find of this
curious bird is in the classified list given by Mr. Vigors of the ani-
mals of Java and Sumatra, published in the Appendix to the edition
of the ' Life of Sir Stamford Raflies.* As few persons think of look-
ing into a biographical work for a treatise on zoology, this paper is
less known than it deserves to be, and I therefore extract the dia-
gnosis given by Mr. Vigors of the species before us : —

Picus BAFFLESi, Vig., 1. c. p. 669. P. supra flavescenti-brunneuai,
subtus brunneus; capite coccineo; gul4 pallide ferruginea;
strigis, unH ab oculis, secundi a rictu extendentibus maculisque
ad latera abdominis albis ; strigis duabus ad latent genarum,
alterd parv^ superciliari ; remigibus rectricibusque nigris.

* Mr. Blyth makes my M, macrodactylum the type of his genus TurdinuSy but
I cannot approve of genera founded on such very slight distinctions.

104

The specimen before me is a female, and has the crown and elon-
gated crest-feathers wholly deep black ; the upper parts are yellowish
olive and the lower olive-brown ; all the remiges have three round
white spots on the inner webs of each ; the lower wing-covers are
pale yellowish, margined with brown. In all other respects the bird
agrees with the description above-quoted. Its total length is 10^
inches; beak to front, 1;^ inch; to gape, 1^ inch; wing, 5|
inches ; medial rectrices, 4^ inches ; external ditto, 2^ inches ; tarsus,
10^ lines ; middle toe and daw, 13 lines ; reversed ditto, 10 lines ;
hind- toe entirely wanting.

The beak is of moderate length, the culmen nearly straight, the
gonys ascending, the iqiex compressed, a slight but distinct ridge
running parallel to the culmen, and the nostrils are covered with
incumbent feathers. As the Tiga tridactyla resembles in its style of
plumage the orange-backed woodpeckers, Brachyptemus and Chryso-
colaptes, so the more uniform coloration of this species calls to mind
the green woodpeckers which form the t]rpical Gecinu But the beak
is stronger and more adapted for chopping wood than in the latter
group, and resembles more the structure of that organ in the red-
winged and yellow-crested Gecini, such as G, nipalensis (Gray), G.
mentalis (Tem.), &c.

Tiga tridactyla, — Identical with specimens sent by Mr. Jerdon
from Madras, except in being smaller. The wing measures only 5
inches, while in the Madras ones it is 5f inches. Mr. Blyth has
already noticed this distinction, but I cannot consider it as a spe-
cific one.

Hemicercus ruUginosus, Swains. Birds W. Af. v. 2. p. 150. (Picus
rubigindsus, Eyton.)

Hemicercus concretus (Tem.), PI. Col. 90. (Dendrocopus sordidus,
Eyton.)

Cuculus Sonnerati, Lath. — This species, which occiurs also in
Southern India, appears never to assume a typically adult plumage,
being invariably barred with brown and rufous above, and brown
and white below.

Cbntropus bectunquis, Strickland. C. corpore nitide caruleo^
nigro, alis rufis, primariis fusco terminatis, ungue hallucis sub'
brevi, redo.

Body and tail glossy black, with a deep blue tint on the head»
neck and breast ; wings wholly rufous, the primaries slightly tipped
with fuscous ; hind-claw short and straight. Total length, 14-15
inches; beak to front, 1^ inch; to gape, 1^ inch; height ^ inch;
width, ^ inch ; wing, 6 inches ; medial rectrices, 7-^ inches ; external
ditto, 6^ inches ; tarsus. If inch ; claw of hind- toe, ^ inch. Nearly
allied in size, form of beak and coloration to C. philippensis, Buff.
PL Enl. 824. (C. bubutus, Horsf.) of India, Java and the Philippines ;
but differs in the shorter wings and tail, and in the hind-claw being
almost perfectly straight, and only half an inch long ; while in C
philippensis (sent by Mr. Jerdon from Madras) this daw is three*

105

qaarters of an incli long and considerably curved : the wing measures
7i inches and the tail 10 inches.

Trerott Capellei (Tern.), PI. Col. 143.— The largest of the genus,
and erroneously named nUlitaris, in many museums. I inadvertently
described this as new, under the name of magnirostris in the Ann.
Nat. Hist., V. xiv. p. 116-

Treronfulvicollis (WagL), (71 temirostre, Eyton.)

RoUulus niger. — ^The female of this bird has been described by Mr.
Vigors under the name of Cryptonys fermgineus, and by Mr. Eyton
as Perdix mruginosus (Proc. Zool. Soc. part 7. p. 106). It departs
from the type of RoUulus in possessing a rudimentary hind claw.

Tumixpugnax, Tem. H. Col. 60. f. 2.— This seems to be the He-
mipodius atrogularis of Mr. Eyton, Proc. Zool. Soc. part 7, p. 107.

RaUus striaiust lin. (Rallus gularis, Horsf.^ Blyth, &c.)-r<*I have
specimens of this species from the Philippine Islands, Malacca and
Madras, which present no specific difference, and which exactly agree
with Brisson's description of his Railua pkilippengis striatua, on
which R. 8tnafU9t Ii&*» is founded.

106

November 24, 1846.

William Yarrell, Esq,, Vice-President, in the Chair.

Mr. Gould exhibited to the Meeting, named and described three
Australian Birds collected by the late Mr. Gilbert, viz : —

Petroica svpebciliosa. Pet. strigd super ciliari, guld, ahdmnine,
et humeris infrh, alhis ; loris, auribus, et alarum tectricibuSt atris ;
primariis et secondariis, ad basin albis, ad mediam intensh atris ;
alis, cauddque fuligineis ; rectricibus, intermediis duabus exceptis,
ad apices albis.
Superciliary stripe, throat, abdomen, under surface of the shoulder,
and the base of t^e primaries and secondaries white; lores, ear-
coverts, vring-coverts, and the primaries and secondaries for some
distance beyond the vtrhite, deep black ; all the upper surfiace, wings,
and tail, sooty-brown ; all but the two central tail-feathers largely
tipped with white ; bill and feet black ; irides reddish brown.
Total length 5 inches ; bill, f ; wing, 3 ; tail, 2^ ; tarsi, |.
Hab, The neighbourhood of the Burdekin Lcdces, in the interior
of Australia.

PoEFHiLA LBUCOTis. Poe. vittd ittfrofite, loris, guldque, et tnaculd
magnd quoque in latere, intense holosericis nigris; auribus, lined
attenuatd nigrum in guld colorem infrd, marginante, et spatio macu'
lam in latera circumdante, albis ; vertice, omni superiore corpore,
alisque, saturate cinnamomeis ; pectore^et abdomine, pallid^ vinosis ;
tectricibus caudle superioribus in/erioribusque albis.
Band crossing the forehead, lores, throat, and a large patch on
each flank, deep velvety black ; ear-coverts, narrow line beneath the
black of the throat, and a space surrounding the black patch on the
flanks, white ; crown of the head deep reddish chestnut ; all the upper
surface and wings dark cinnamon-brown ; chest and abdomen pale
vinous brown ; upper and under tail-coverts white, the former mar-
gined externally with deep black; tail black; irides dark brown;
^et red ; bill yellowish horn- colour.

Total length, 4| inches ; bill, f ; wing, 2^ ; tail, 2J ; tarsi, ^.
The female is somewhat smaller and not quite so brightly coloured.
Hab. The neighbourhood of the river Lynd, in 5ie interior of
Australia.

Remark, — ^Nearly allied to P. personata,

Climacteris melanotus. Cli. strigd superciliari, guldque, albo^
cervinis ; lined ante oculum, alterd post oculum, omni superiore
corpore, alis, cauddque, saturate Jusco-nigris ; primariis, secon^
dariis, tertiariisque ad basin, et humeris in/rdi stramineis ; corpore

107

ii^eriore rcaoso; siaguid mUomnh pbamd Hmtis i
albmm tmaryiamUHms wagris lomgilmAm&ier pnpe <

Saperaliary line and tfarnd bulij-iriiite ; liiw before and bdiind
the eye, aD tlie upper wiffane, wings, and tail, daik brownish bhrfr;
the base of the primaiies, nerandaries, and tertiaries, and die under
surface of the shoulder buff ; under suiCue pale Tinous bcown ; the
feathers of the abdoasen with two stirpes of htmrk nmning paialld
to and near the stem, tiie space between dull white ; at the base of
the tiiioat sevend irrqg;u]ar qpots of bhrfr ; under taQ-ooverts buflfy-
wfaite, crossed by broad bars of bhrfr ; irides brown.

Total length, 5^ indies; biU, {; wing, ^; tafl, 2|; tarsi. }.

The female differs in having the markings of the abdomen larger
and more oonq^cuous, and in having the spots at the base of the
throat chestnut instead of Uack.

Hab, The neighbourhood of the river Lynd, in the intericHr of
Australia.

JSflMn^i^.— Nearly aDied to C. wneUamra and C. tcaiMtnw.

109

December 8. 1846.

Geoige Gulliver, Esq., F.R.S., in the Chair.

A paper was read contaiiiiiig descnptions of 88 new species of
Land-shells* in the coUectian of Hug^ Coming, £sq.« by Dr. L.
Pfeiffer; —

1. PammacklImA. Cumikgi, Pfr. Pmrm^ tttHid de jprUB^Mmiw aid,
terndsMmd^ Btriaid, hmeii gptraUhma MbHHier iecmssMtd, dkg^hamd,
palKdi vtremH-cormed vd (w admUis) 9itccimed; spM vurprosu-
mdd, subpig^illatd; OMfrac^bms 2; eokmeUd areuaid, iMttd.

Long. 6, lat. 6, alt. 2f mill.

From tlMS island of Juan Femandes (H. Cnming).

2. SucciKKA FALLinA, Pfr. Swcc. tcstd ovoto-comicd, solidtmscMld,
itmgitmdiMttiiter ru^^uhso^gtriatd, du^kand, paUiik strammed;
9pSrd naUd; anfrictUms 4 amoexis; cohtmeUd ievUer arcMoid^
fiUtti, fmqpra basin apertwnt ovalis nAtnmeaid ; perisiommie mar-
gtMe subtHcrassato.

Long. 13, lat 7, alt 6| miU. ; apert 8^ miU. longa.
From Tahiti (H. Coming).

6. SucciNBA SEMiGLOBOSA, Pfr. Succ. testd ovato-^Memiyiobosd,
temui, kevigatd, nitidissimd, lutescenH-carmed ; spird ihx prami-
nuld, ohtusd; anfractUma 2, ulUmb vemtrOMo; eoUtmeUd stridms-
add, obliqu^ recedente ; aperturd rotundato-ovalu

Long. 8, lat. 6|^, alt 4 mill. ; apert 7^ mill, longa.

From the island of Massafiiera, Chile (H. Cuming).

4. SucciNBA Tahitbnsis, Pfr. Smcc, testd ovatd, struUuld, temti,
ffix mtidd, pelheiddt paUid^ succined ; apird brept, obtmekuculd ;
imfroctibus 2^ amvexis, tdtimo ovato ; coktmelld leviter arcuatd,

* medio obsolete (interdum distincte) angukUd ; aperturd regulari-
ter ovcHi; peristomate expansiusculo.
Long. 12, lat 7, alt. 4^ null; apert. 8f mill, longa.
From Tahiti (H. Cimiing),

5. Hklix LiKBONi, Pfr. Hel. testd impefforatd^senUgiobosdJemii,
irreguhriter striatuld, smpern^ opacd, aibidd, pOMCtis castaneis
conapersd et lined nigricanti-easianed ad sutmram omatd; anfrac-
tibus 4| canveaiusculis, ultimo basi planulato, pellueido, corneo-
virente, antu^ breviter deflexo ; columelld intrante, declivi, sub-
arcuatd, dilatatd, introrsum acutd; aperturd btnatO'eUipticd ;
peristomate simplice, recto,

Diam. 16, alt. 9i mill.
From the island of Cuba (Lindon).
No. CLXVI.-^Phoceedikos of the Zoological Society.

110

6. Hblix PEMPHI60DE8, Pfr. Hel. testd imper/oratd, subglobosd,
tenui, membranaced, obliquk plicatuld, diaphand, lutescenti-comed ;
spird hrevi, papillatd; anfractibua 4 vix convexis, ultimo per-
magno, carinato, juxta suturam inflato^ hast convexo, antick vix
descendente; columelld simplice, acutd, subverticali ; aperturd
ampld, ferk circulari; peristotaate simplice, acuta, marginilms
conniventihus.

Diam. 18, alt. 12 mill.

From the island of Cuba (Lindon).

7. Helix oradata, Pfr. Hel. testd imper/oratd, globoso-turbinatd,
striatuld, tenui, hyalind; spird turbinatd, adapicem acutd; anfrac-
tibus 6 convexiusculis, gradatis, ultimo medio acut^ carinato, basi
convexOf sub lente minutissim^ concentric^ striata ; aperturd sub-
tetragonO'lunari ; peristomate simplice, acuto, margine columellari
verticaliter descendente.

Diam. 5, alt. 5 mill.

From the island of Leyte (H. Cuming).

Nearly allied to H. tongana, Quoy.

8. Helix Barclayana, Pfr. Hel. testd umbilicatd, depresso-tuT'
binatd, con/ertim obliquk costatd, albd, epidermide fusco-olivaced
indutd; spird conoided, apice obtuso; suturd profundd ; anfracti-
bus 5\ convexis, ultimo medio carinato (interdum obsolete bicari-
nato), basi convexiusculo ; umbilico mediocri, fer'k cylindrico ;
aperturd subverticali, quadrangulari ; peristomate simplice, acuto,
margine columellari verticaliter descendente, cum basali angulum
formante.

Diam. 18, alt 12 mill.

From the island of France (Sir D. Barclay).

9. Helix ARCUATA, Pfr. Hel, testd umbilicatd, orbiculato-convexd,
tenui, pellucidd, pallid^ corned, confertim et regulariter arcuato-
plicatd; spird lati conoided, apice obtusiusculo ; anfractibus 6
vix convexiusculis, carind acutd, serratd marginatis, ultimo circa
umbilicum magnum, fer^ cylindricum subcompresso ; aperturd an-
gulatO'lunari, latd; peristomate simplice, acuto, margine columel-
lari brevi, verticali.

Diam. 5|, alt. 2f mill.

From the province of Cagayan, island of Luzon (H. Cuming).

10. Helix Miohblsiana, Pfr. Hel. testd umbilicatd, globosd, so-
lidd, valid^ et con/ertim plicatd, spiraliter obsolete striatd, ru/d
vel lutescenti'fuscd ; spird conoideo-semiglobosd ; anfractibus 5
convexiusculis, ultimo ventroso, anticl vix descendente, circa um-
bilicum angustum compresso; aperturd subverticali, rotundato-
lunari ; peristomate recto, intus albo-labiato, margine columellari
dUatatO'patente.

Diam. 19, alt 15 mill.

From Surigao, island of Mindanao (H. Cuming).

11. Helix Rissoana, Pfr. Hel. testd perforatd, globosd, tenui.

Ill

striatd, diaphand, vix nitidd, rufd ; spird conoided, obtusiusculd ;
anfractihu8 6 convexiusculis, ultimo subangulato, medio pallidh
cingulato, antic^ breviter descendente, bast veniroso; aperturd
magnd, semicirculari ; periatomate intus rubellO'labiato, breviter
eapanso, margine columeliari in laminam brevem, per/orationem
semioccultantem reflexo,

Diam. 18, alt. 13 mUl.

From Greece (Lieut. Spratt, R.N.).

12. Hklix dicttodbs, Pfr. Hel, testd angusih umbilicatd, depressd,
sublenticulari, oblique plicato-striatd, tenuiusculd, diaphand, paU
lid^ corned, fusco subtiliter reticulatd et maculis castaneis Juxta
suturam et carinam omatd; spird lat^ conoided; anfractibus 7
vix convexiusculis, ultimo acut^ carinato ; aperturd subverticali,
depressd, lunari, intus margaritaced ; peristomate simplice, mar-
gine columeliari breviter dilatato-patente, basali sinuoso, reflexius-
culo,

Diam. 27, alt. 12 mill.
From New Guinea (Ince).

13. Hblix LI6NARIA, Pfr. Hcl, tcstd impcrforatd, subgloboso-
depressd, solidd, lavigatd, castaned, fasciis variis epidermidis
hydrophone, fusco-cinerea obductd; spird vix elevatd, obtusd;
anfractibus 4^ vix convexiusculis, celeriter accrescentibus, ultimo
ad peripheriam subangulato ; columelld strictiusculd, perobliqud,
latd, planatd, fused ; aperturd rotundato- lunari, intus albidd;
peristomate subincrassato, brevissim^ reflexo, fusco^marginato.

Diam. 45, alt 27 milL

From Surigao, island of Mindanao (H. Cuming).

14. Hblix crassilabris, Pfr. Hel, testd imperforatd, depressd,
crassd, ponderosd, irregulariter striatd et undique granulatd, al-
bidd, lineis spiralibus, undulatis, fuscis, fascidque unicd ad peri-
pheriam omatd; spird vix elevatd, distinct^ granulatd, apice nudo,
albo; anfractibus 4^ planiusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo
minutissim^ granulato, medio subcarinato, antic^ vix descendente ;
aperturd obliqud, semiellipticd, intus albd; peristomate undique
incrassato-reflexo, margine dextro subsinuoso, columeliari intus
obsolete plicato.

Diam. 42, alt. 22 mill.

From the island of Cuba (Lindon).

15. Hblix Sfbnolbbiana, Pfr. Hel. testd imperforatd, depressd,
solidd, striatd, nitidd, pallid^ castaned; spird parum elevatd, ob-
tusd; anfractibus 5^, supremis planis, minutissinik granulatis, 2
ultimis convexis, ultimo medio obtusi carinato, bast convexiusculo ;
aperturd perobliqud, lunari, intus fusculd ; peristomate lat^ expan-
so, breviter reflexo, marginibus callo nitidojunctis, basali sinuoso,
reflexo, subappresso, columeliari perdilatato, adnato, umbilicum
prorsus tegente,

Diam. 49, alt. 26 mill.

From the island of Jamaica (Gosse).

112

16. Hsux CODONODE6, Pfr. HeL testd umbiUcatd, globosO'Conoi-
ded, soUdd, obliqu^ striatuld, lineis spiraUbus conferttB eubtiliasimt
sculptd, nitidd, albd, castaneo-bifasciatd; spird campanulatd, apice
ohtusiusculo ; anfractibus 6^ vix convexif^ ultimo antiee defleso,
basijvxta aperturam gibbosO'Subconstricto ; aperturd 0bliqud,ferh
circulari; peristomate incrassato, reflexo, margimbus appr&jpifna"
tis, callo nitido junctis, columellari dilatato, paiente, ainuoso,

Diam. 20, alt. 1 7 mill.

From the Philippine Islands (H. Cuming).

The described specimen shows a tooth-like protuberance on the
inner side of the columella, which seems not to belong to the essen-
tial characters of this species.

17. BuLiMus cASTus, Fh. Bui, testd subperforatd, ovato-conicd,
tenuiusculd, minutim et ebsolete decuseatuld, hyalituhalbidd, bast
et prope aperturam erubescens; spird conicd, acutiusculd; anfrac-
tibus 6^ convexiusculis, ultimo spirampaulb superante; eolumelld
strictiusculd, filiformi; aperturd oblongd; peristomate sin^lice,
rosea, marginibus subparallelis, callo temU junctis, dextro breviter
expanso, columellari brevissim^ refiexo, perforationem fer'h clau-
dentCf

Long. 19, dianu 9 mill.

From Central America? (Lattre).

1 8. BuLiMus EKUBBseBKs, Pfr. Bui. testd subperforatd, oblongo-
turritd, keviusculd, lineis spiralibus sub lente insoulptd, cameo-
luted, apice rubicundd; spird turritd, apice acuto ; anfractibus 6
planiusculis, ultimo spird paulb breviore; columelld superh^ sub-
tortd, basi paulb reeedente ; aperturd oblongd, intus nitide albd,'
peristomate simplice, margine deaptro eapansiusculo, columellari
fomicfUim breviter reflexo, subappresso.

Long. 24, diam. 10 miU.
Xiocality unknown.

19. BuLiMus RiMATus, PfiT. Bul. tcstd profundc rimatd, oblongo-
turritd, tenuiusculd, subarcuatim striatuld, pallid^ corned; spird
turritd, obtusiusculd ; anfractibus 7 fer^ planis, ultimo f longitu-
dinis aquante, basi rotundato ; cokmelld intus uniplicatd; aperturd
oblongo-ovali ; peristomate simplice, margimbus approjnmatis,
callo junctis, dewtro vix expanso, columellari dilatato, patents.

Long. 33, diam. 11 mill.
Locality unknown.

20. BuLiicus Studbbi, Pfr. Bul. testd perforatd, eblongo-conicd,
tenuiusculd, striatuld, lineis spiralibus eonfertis sub lente deoussatd,
nitidd, albd, cingulis angustis, roseis 3-4 omatd; spird conicd,
acutd ; anfractibus 6 vix convexiusculis, ultimo ^ longitudinis sub-
aquante; columelld arcuatd; aperturd ovali-ellipticd, intus con-
colore; peristomate simplice, marginibus subconniventibus, dextro
breviter expanso, columellari fomicatim reflexo, roseo.

Long. 25, diam. 10 mill.

From Central America ? (H. Cuming.)

lis

21 . BtrL*ttu& MoRiCAKD^, Pfr. Bui. tesidpeff&ratd, ovato-conicd,
lenui, Uneis apiralibus subconfertis insculptd, subdiaphand, citrind;
spird conicd, acutiusculdi suturdpaUide subtimtgimtd ; anfracti-
bus 6 viae convexia, ultimo spiram isquarUe ; eolumelld strictd,' aper-
turd suboblongdf truneato^ovali, intus concolore ; peristomate aim-
pUee, breviter esptmsa, margine columellari aupernk breviter
patentureflexo.

LfODg. 24, diam. 12 mill.

From Mount Coban, Central America (Lattre).

22. BuLiMus Ehbbnberoi, Pft:. BuL testd profundi rimatd, ob-
longd, solidd, obliqu^ striatuld, albidd; spird oblongd, apice atte-
nuato, obtusiusculo ; anfractibus 7^ vix convexiusculis, ultimo f
Umgitudinis paulb superante ; aperturd angulato-ovali ; peristomate
inerassato, breviter reflexo, margimbus callo crasso, prope inser-
tionem labri tubercuUfero junctis, columellari dilatato, crasso,
patente.

Long. 24, diam. 10 mill.

From Cerigotto, Greece (Ideut. Spratt, R.N.).

23. BuLiMus RossMAssLERi, Pfr. BuL testd profundi rimatd,
oblongd, soliduld, con/ertim rugoso-pUcatd, supern^ fusco-corned,
basi sordid^ albidd; spird oblongo-conicd, apice obtuso; anfrac-
tibus 8 vix convexiusculis, ultimo basi rotundato, ^ longitudinis
(tquante; eolumelld brevi, strictiusculd ; aperturd truncato-ovali,
intus albd; peristomate albo-labiato, breviter expanso, marginibus
callo tenui, juxta insertionem labri dentifero junctis, columellari
dilatato, patente.

Lfong. 19, diam. 7 mill.
Lfocality unknown.

24. BuLiMUS D&APARNATJDi, Pfr. BuL testd subobtect^ per/oratd,
oblongO'Sub/usiformi, striatuld, opaed, nitidd, albd, carulescenti"
nebulosd, strigis nigro-castaneis et brunneis, interdum maculosa
interruptis, omatd; spird turrito-conicd, ad apicem acutd; anfrac-
tibus 7 convexiusculis, ultimo § longitudinis subaquante; eolumelld
rectd; aperturd oblongd; peristomate simplice, acuto, margine
columellari dilatato, membranaceo, angulatim reftexo, appresso.

Long. 28, diam. 1 1 mill.

/3. Minor, inter stitiis strigarum castaneo-litturatis.

From Chilon, Bolivia (Bridges).

25. BuLiMus ZiEGLERi, Pfr. BuL testd subperforatd, ovato-conicd,
tenui, confertim striatuld, Uneis spiralibus sub lente obsolete decus-
satd, albidd; spird conicd, acutiusculd; anfractibus 6 vix con-
vexiusculis, ultimo medio subangulato, spird paulb breviore; eolu-
melld paulb recedente; aperturd ovali; peristomate simplice,
margine columellari breviter reflexo, subappresso.

Long. 21, diam. 10 mill.

j3. jT. pellucidd, lutescente, fasciis castaneis, supremis maculose in-
terruptis, cinctd.
Locality unknown.

114

26. BuLiMUs Sati, Pfr. Bui. tesid subper/oratd, ovato-obhngd,
solidiuscuid, confertim rugoso-plicatd, nitidd, albd, strigis peltu-
cidiSffuscis omatd; spird conicd, obtusiusculd ; anfractibus 6 vix
convexis, ultimo spiram subaquante, bast attenuato, circa perfora-
tionem obsoletam fwco-areolato ; columelld leviter arcuatd; aper-
turd ellipticO'Oblongd, intus fuscO' earned ; peristomate sitnplice,
margine columellari breviter refiexo, subappresao.

Long. 20, diam. 9 mill.
Locality unknown.

27. BuLiMus coNipoRMis, Pfr. Bui. testd subperforatd, ovato-
conicd, tenui, irregulariter striatd, fuscescenti-albidd, strigis ob-
liquis, fuscis signatd; spird conicd, acutiusculd; anfractibus 5
planiusculis, ultimo spiram paulb superante, medio angulato, basi
subcompresso ; columelld leviter arcuatd ; aperturd ovali, utrinque
angustatd ; peristomate simplice, recto, margine columellari supern^
dilatato, breviter refiexo.

Long. 12, diam. 6^ mill.

From Merida, Andes of Bolivia (T. Bridges).

28. BuLiMus SowERBYi, Pfr. Bul. testd perf or atd, ovato-conicd,
tenui, sublievigatd, albidd, strigis obliquis, castaneis, maculas
albas pyramidales et rhomboidales formantibus ornatd ; spird cO'
nicd, acutd; anfractibus 6^ vix convexiusculis, ultimo spiram
aquante, medio pallide,juxta basin attenuatam castaneo-unifasciato;
columelld paulb recedente; aperturd oblongo- ovali ; peristomate
simplice, recto, margine columellari angulatim lafh refiexo, piano.

Long. 22, diam. 10 mill.

From the Columbian Andes (Lindon).

29. BuLiMUS FOBPHTBius, Pfr. Bul. tcstd pcrfoTatd, oblongo-
attenuatd, solidiusculd, confertim et ruditer corrugatd, castaned,
strigis albis irregulariter marmoratd; spird conicd, ad apicem
obtusd; suturd submarginatd, irregulariter crenatd; anfractibus
7 planiusculis, summis subtiliter granulatis, ultimo spird paulb
breviore; columelld subrectd; aperturd angustd, oblongd; peristo-
mate simplice, acuto, margine columellari dilatato, refiexo, cameo-
livido, perforationemferk occultante.

Long, 51, diam. 20 mill.
From Bolivia (T. Bridges).

30. BuLiMus VoiTHiANus, Pfr. Bul. testd perf oratd, subfusiformi-
oblongd, soliduld, rugis longitudinalibus et lineis concentricis im-
pressis ruditer granulatd, sordid^ albd; spird conicd, ad apicem
acutiusculd; anfractibus 6-7 vix convexiusculis, ultimo spird paulb
breviore ; columelld subverticali, nigro-castaned ; aperturd an-
gustd, oblongd, intus castaned; peristomate simplice, recto, mar-
ginibus callo fusco junctis, columellari dilatato, fornicatim refiexo,
perforationem profundam non tegente.

Long. 19, diam. 7| mill.
From Chile (T. Bridges).

115

31. BuLiMus CASTRBK8IS, Pft. Bul, tcstd angustc umbilicatd, oh-
hngO'Conicd, kevissim^ striatuld, apacd, albidd, atrigis spadiceis
deKticulatia et maculis albis pyramidalibus omatd ; spird conicd,
aaUiusculd; anfractihua 7 vix convexiusculis, ultimo ventrosiore,
iafra medium lineis nonrndlis spadiceis cincto, f longitudinis sub-
aquante; columeUd strictiusculd ; aperturd oblongd; peristomate
simplice, recto, margine dextro supernt arcuato, columeliari dila-
tato, patenie.

Long. 19, diam. 9 mill.
Locality unknown.

32. BuLiMus ANDicoLA» Pfr. BuL tcstd perforoid, turrito-conicd,
solidd, lineis concentricis, confertis sub lente sculptd, opacd, nitidd,
albd, strigis/uscis, linearibus irregulariter omatd; spird elongatd,
acutiusculd; anfractibus 7 convexiusculis, ultimo ^ longitudinis
subaguante, basi rotundato ; columelld deorsum aliquantulum rece-
dente; aperturd ovali-oblongd ; peristomate simpliccy acuto, mar"
gine columeliari supertib /omicatim refiexo, perforationem angus-
tam/ormante.

Long. 24, diam. 1 1 mill.

From the Columbian Andes (Lindon).

33. Pupa slsoantula, Pfr. Pup. testd breviter rimatd, subcylin*
draced, apice obtuso, Itevigato, nitido, hyalino ; anfractibus 7 pla-
niusculis, ultimo prtecedente paulh angustiore, extus medio sulcato,
intus lamellis 2 validis, sutura parallelis, plicdque pro/undd colu-
mella paralleld munito ; aperturd subsemicirculari, lamelld parietis
aperturalis intrants juxta insertionem labri coarctatd; peristomate
expansiusculo, margine dextro flexuoso, medio suhincrassato.

Long. 6f , diam. 3 milL
Locality unknown.

34. AcHATiNA Lamabckiana, Pfr. Ach. testd ovato- conicd, solidd,
ponderosd, ruditer plicatd, in /undo albido strigis Jitlminatis nigri*
cantibus et castaneis, maculisque rufis variegatd; spird conicd,
pallidd, apice obtusiusculo ; anfractibus 8 convexiusculis, supremis
lineis spiralibus obsolete decussatis, ultimo ventroso, spiram supe-
rants; columelld arcuatd, purpurso-callosd, supra basin apertur^e
obliqtik st Isvitsr truncatd; apsrturd ovali, intus margaritaced,
cterulsscente, saturatius marmoratd; peristomate fusco-limbato,
marginibus callo purpureo junctis.

Long. 103, diam. 52 mUl.

From the interior of the island of Madagascar.

35. AcHATiKA Rangiana, Pfr. Ach, tsstd slongatd, turritd, solidd,
ponderosd, Icevissim^ arcuatim substriatd, lineis spiralibus distan-
tihus notatd, stramined, apics albo, obtusiusculo ; suturd Icsvissimd ;
anfractibus 1 1 planulatis, ultimo \ longitudinis paulb superante,
basi rotundato ; columelld rectdy callosd, ad basin apsrturcB bre-
viter et oblique truncatd; apsrturd subssmiovali, intus margari-
taced ; psristomats simplics, acuta.

116

Long. S9, diam. 11 milL
From Mexico (Lindon).

36. AcHATiNA BVLiMoiDBS, P&. Ach» testd ovoto-contcd, tenui,
striatd, epidermide comeo-luted, pettucidd wdutd; spird conicd,
acutd; anfractibus 5j vix convejns, ultimo ventrosiore, spiram
(Bquante; columeltd supeml tortd, filari, supra basin aperturte
obsoletissim^ truncatd, callo tenui ventrem anfractds penvltimi
vestiente tnunitd; aperturd lafh semiovali; peristomate simplice,
tenui.

Long. 11, diam. 6 mill.

From the island of Juan Fernandez (H. Cuming).

37. AcHATiNA (Glandina) Lindoni, Pfr. ^cA» testd oblongd,
utriHque attenuatd, soliduld, lavigatd, nitidd, pallid^ fulvd, lineia
incrementi arcuatis, vix prominentibus, saturatioribus notatd;
spird conicd, acutiusculd; suturd submarginatd ; anfractibus 8
ptaniusculis, 2 ultimis obliqul descendentibus^ uUimo spiram
aquante, supra columellam intus gibboso; columelld brevi, ad
basin aperturtB obliqu^ truncatd ; aperturd angustissimd, basi sub-
canaliculatd ; peristomate simplice, marginibus callo Junctis, dextro
antrorsum arcuato-dilatato.

Long. 21> diam. 6 mill.

From the island of Cuba (Lindon).

38. CYLiNnRBLLA SowBBBYAKA, Pfr. Cifl, testd truncatd, cylin-
draceo-subulatd, solidiusculd, obliqu^ subarcuatim costulato-striatd^
opacd, cinnamomeo et albo radiatd; anfractibus (spec, trunc,) 16
angustis, convexiusculis, ultimo basi subcarinato (carind parum
prominente,fer^ rectanguld), antic'^vixprotracto, subtilius striato;
aperturd subcirculari ; peristomate undique libero, tenui, breviter
expansOy margine supero sursum dilatato.

Long. 35, diam. 8 mill.

From the island of Cuba (Lindon).

117

December 22, 1846.

R. C. Giiffith, £flq.» in the Clnir.

The following descriptions of new species of Ckama, by Lovell
Reeve, were communicated by Hugh Cuming, Esq.

Ghama nxBBiATA. Ciom, testd wb^rHcwkari, valms toAabus
c^meaUric^ fimbriato^htmelkau^ vaharum margimbus ndmdh ere-
MulaHs; hUescenie-aUfd.
Hah, Point Cunningham, North Australia ; luring.
A very distmct species, though its characters are set forth in few
wards ; the lamellae u« not isolated as in most of the genus, but
arranged in concentric continuous wavy frills.

Chama Paitamkhhis* Cham, testd ovatd, drdttr iriyamd^ Iaie~
raUter nfixd* vakfd tviperiore pottu^ hevi, temnsdm^ appresso-
lammatd, ofUtce ngasd, rudk Jimbriatd, mferiore Idevi, per basim
kaneUatd, valvarum margndbus hevibut; albidd, farrugmeo-fiisco
hie Ulic tinctd.

Hab. Panama (attached to stones) ; Cuming.

The upper valve of this shell is distinguished in a peculiar manner
by its twofold style of sculpture.

CuAKA paATBZTA. Chom, teetd tnmtd, wdvis ambabms eomcemtric^
pukherriai^ fimbrkUia^ fimbriif temtUms smbpelhtcidis, grmdibus,
plus mimuve erectia, vahfontm marguubma Iambus ; pallid^ croced,
fimbriis supra rufescewtibus.

Hab. ?

This truly delicate and beaotiful shell was received by Mr. Cuming
from a contmental naturaUst of some celebrity as the C. croeeata of
Lamarck, but it does not answer to the description. There are
several Lamarckian species of this genus, and even the Lianaean
C. gryphoides, which it is quite impossible to. identify with the least
degree of certainty.

Chama bxioua. Cham, testd parvd, temu, subpellucidd, circuiter

trigondt laUralUer tffixd^ vidvd superiare mmutiesiim^ oppressor

laminatd et radiatim striatd, subasperd, inferiare dwaricatim ex-

cavatO'punctatd, per baaim lamettatd ; alb<L

Hah. Singapore (dredged from sandy mud at the depth of seven

fathoms attached to fragments of shells) ; Cuming.

A little transparent white shell, of which Mr. Cuming collected
several specimens ; the lower valve is distinguished by a peculiarity
of punctured sculpture somewhat analogous to that of the C. arcinelia ;
there is no trace of it, however, in the upper valve, as in that species.

Chama fhagum. Cham, testd suborbiculari, valvd superiore con-

118

centric^ tenuissimk fimbriato-laminatd, laminis marginem versus

subtuhulosis, inferiore rud^ tubuloso-squamatd, valvarum margini-

bus minute crenulatis ; albd, rufthpunctatd, intus albidd,

Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippines (attached to coral) ; Cuming.

The sculpture of this species somewhat approaches that of the

C. spinosa ; it is of a more minute and delicate character and easily

distinguished on comparison.

Cham A yariegata. Cham, testd oblongo-ovatd, circker trigond,
valvd superiore lamellatd, pracipu^ in seriebus duabus postids,
lamellis latiusculis appressis, interstitiis obliqu^ rugoso-liratis,
squamis perpauds brevibus remotis, valvarum marginibus Uevibus ;
corallo-rubrd, liris lamellis squamisque albis, intus albiddy ru/o-
fusco tinctd,
Hab, Honduras; Dyson.

The colouring of this shell has a very pretty effect, the oblique
ridges and other external sculpture being white upon a coral or
orange-red ground.

Chama cistula. Cham, testd orbiculari, postici profundi sinuatd,
valvis ambabus peculiariter rud^ lamellatd et squamatd, squamis
ad margines subproductis, appressis, valvarum marginibus Uevibus ;
albidd, roseo-fuscescente varid, intus albd,

Hab, Honduras ; Dyson.

The upper valve of this shell is rather more convex than usual ;
the sculpture peculiarly rudely developed.

Chama tumulosa. Cham, testd orbicularis postic^ subprofund^
sinuatd, valvis ambaims vald^ convexis, rud^ tumulosis et imbri-
catis, interstitiis postici obliqukliratis, liris minutissim^ squamatis,
valvarum marginibus lavibus ; aurantio rufoque varid, liris posticis
albis, intus albd.
Hab. Honduras (attached to coral) ; Dyson.
A striking species, though of rude growth ; it is doubly sinuated
on the posterior side, having round orange protuberances along the
summit, whilst the channeled interstices have a striped appearance,
from their -being crossed by white ridges on a blood-red ground.

Chama linoua-fblis. Cham, testd orbiculari, supra depressiusculd,
valvis ambabus pracipu^ inferiore minute reins'^ squamatis, supe-
riore pulcherrim^ fimbriato-laminatd, laminis appressis, postice
concavo-planatd, ad angulos elongato-lamellatis, valvarum margini^
bus lavibus ; nived, rosacea hie illic tinctd.
Hab, Island of Guimaras, Philippines (attached to stones) ; Cu-
ming.

An extremely delicate and characteristic species, in which the
upper valve is very finely laminated, whilst the ground sculpture of
both that and the lower valves is of a curious roughened character,
somewhat similar to the Tellina scobinata and lingua-felis.

Chama pellis-phoc^. Cham, testd suborbiculari, valvd superiore
undique minutissimt squamatd, squamis umbonem versus brevissimk

119

retusis, marginem versus hngwrilm^ subspiniferis, inferiore mdh
iamettatd, valvarum marginihus lavibus ; albd, sguamis marginem
versus rufo-fuscis, umbone roseo.
Hob. Island of Ticao, Philippines (attached to stones) ; Cuming.
The pink stain upon the umbone is probably a character which
may help to distinguish this species.

Chama apfrbssa. Cham, testd orbicularis valvis ambabus concent
tric^ laminatis, laminis tenuibus plano-appressis, inferiore postich
liris perpaucis minutis oblique exsculptd, valvarum marginibus
lavibus ; albd, roseo-Juscescente sparsim tinctd.

Hab, Honduras ; Dyson.

Distinguished by its concentric flatly appressed laminae.

Chama Rvffbllii. Cham, testd suborbiculari, valvd inferiori valdk
productd, crassiusculd, lievigatd, plus minusve erosd; albidd, val-
varum marginibus intemis vivide ru/o-purpureis.
Hab. Red Sea.

Approximating closely to the C. iostoma, but from so remote a
locality that I venture to distinguish it as a new species.

Chama brass ica. Cham, testd suborbiculari-ovatd, drciter tri-

gond, valvis ambabus rugosis, profits^ squamatis, squamis valva

superioris subfoliaceis, inferioris brevibus, erectis; albidd, squamis

roseis,

Hab. Island of Cabul, Philippines (under stones at low water) ;

Cuming.

An interesting species, curiously scaled, and of peculiarly circui-
tous growth.

Chama Cabditjbformis. Cham, testd transversim oblongd, valvis
ambabus radiatim minutissime squama liratis, squamis appressis,
posticis majoribus, valvarum marginibus crenulatis; albd, lirarum
interstitiis postic^ coccineo^rufis.

Hab. — — ?

Easily distinguished by its peculiar oblong growth, which appa-
rently is not accidental.

Chama venosa. Cham, testd circuiter trigond, lateraliter affiad,
valvis ambabus Icevibus, radiatim subobsolete tricostatd, costis
asper^ nodulosis; albd, lineis purpureo-roseis obliquis undique
venosd, intus albd.

Hab. ? (Attached to shells.)

The blood-red lines with which the entire surface of this shell ie
painted are not less characteristic than the three faint sharply-no-
duled ribs.

Chama Janus. Cham, testd drciter trigond, valvd inferiore el
dimidio postici superioris lavibus vel obliquk obtuse liratis, squa-
marum brevium seriebus duabus radiantibus, valvd superiore un-
dique irregulariter appresso-squamatd, valvarum marginibus lavi-
bus; purpureo-rufd, liris obliquis squamisque albis,

Hab, Gallapagos Islands (attached to the large Avicula) ; Cuming.

i

120

The general aspect of 1^ shett n not ttueh unlike that of C.
vetMsa, hut the difference may he easily detected on examination ;
instead of heing veined with fine lines of colour upon a white ground^
the ohlique ridges are raised upon a red ground ; hesides this, the
upper VBive is characterized hy a double style of both colour and
sculpture, the anterior half being of a dull brick-red colour and ap-
pressly scaled, whilst the posterior half is similar to the under valve.
Mr. Br9derip has figured this shell as the young C imbricata, but it
is far removed from that species.

Chama rubea.. Cham, tesid ovatd, drdter trigond, vahU amba-

bus rudh flexuosia et appresso-laminatis, squamU perpaucis, val-

varum marginikms subtiliasim^ crmulaiis, purpureo-rubrd, squamis

albidis, mtus albd, margine purpured.

Hob. Cagayan, island of Mindanao, Philippines (attached to

stones); Cuming.

The under valve of the specimen here represented is more squa-
mate, and the scales are more erect than the upper.

Chama Jukesii. Cham, testd ovatd, valvis ambabus profus^ et
eonfertissim^ brevispmosis^ spinis valviB inferioris subsqpamatis ;
intus extusque moed, umbonibus apice paUidk purpureis,
Hab, Cape Upstart, North Australia (on the coral reefs at low
water) ; Jukes.

I dedicate this shell with a great deal of pleasure to Mr. Jukes,
the zealous naturalist of H.M.S. The Fly, to whom this monograph
is indebted through Mr. Cuming for several interesting species*

Chama sarda. Cham, testd suborbiculari, valvis ambabus peculi-
ariter exUiter obliqub striatis, squamis brevibus asperis remotis ;
intus extusque vividk corallo-rubrd.
Hab^ Honduras (attached to coral) ; Dyson.
Rich in colour and very characteristic in sculpture, being crossed
in an oblique direction throughout with faint striae, and roughened
here and there with, short scales, like the asperities of a coarse file.

The following paper, by Dr. J. H. Jonas, containing descriptions
of two new Shells, was also communicated by Hugh Cuming, Esq.

Ptrula idolbum, Jonas. Pyr. testd oblongo-fusiformi, biconicd,
umbilicatd, testaceo-albd, transversim regulariter liratd, sulcis
interjectis angustis, liris sub lente squamosis ; at^actibus sex per
longitudinem leviter piicatis, medio acut^ angulatis ; angulo costd
undulatd munito ; costd squamis imbricatis oculo nudo vix conspi-
cuis distinctd; caudd spird breviore, recurvd et squamis armatd;
aperturd pyriformi, intus striatd, columelld lavi, nitidiusculd, cy-
lihdraced, canali recurvo, aperto.

Long. 17|, lat. 9| lin.

Patria?

(Exstat in museo Gruner.)

The form of this shell differs so much from all those known to
me, that I find it impossible to compare it with any of them ; its

121

only resemblance is to a product of art — ^to the roof of a Chinese
pagoda, and for this similarity's sake I have named it Pyrula idoleum.
Starting from the supposition that in former times men took the
productions of nature which surrounded them as models for their
works of art, the peculiar form of this shell has suggested to me the
conjecture that it originates from China ; in all probability we shall
yet obtain from this country many strange forms, as for example the
Pyrula Mawece, which is brought from the Chinese Sea.

Anomia naviformis, Jonas. An, testd transversim elongatd, an-
gustd, tenui,pellucidd, marginibus doraali et ventrali parallelis, reo-
tis, lateralihus brevibtts, rotundatis ; valvd majore isned, vald^ coU"
cavd, mittore albd, fragilissimd, concaviusculd ; foramine ovato,
integro.
Long. 16, lat. 4 lin.
Patriam ignore.

This Anomia may perhaps be an aberrant form of the A. CBnigma-
tica, with which it has great resemblance in the texture of the shell,
position of the umbones and form of the foramen ; but I do not dare
to assert this, and therefore I describe it as a peculiar species till
intermediate species are found, forming the links of a chain, of which
the above two are the terminating ones.

Mr. Tomes exhibited to the Meeting a specimen of the Bimacu-
lated Duck, Anas glocitans, which he had obtained in Leadenhall-
market ; the specimen is a female, and agrees in size and plumage
with that in the Society's collection.

INDEX.

The names of New Species, and of Species newly characterized, are printed in
Roman Characters : those of Species previously known, in ItaUct : those of Species
respecting which Anatomical Observations are made, in Capitals.

Page

Achatina Bolimoides, PJr 116

cylindracea, iyy*. 31

Dysoni, Pfi-, 32

(Glandina) isabellina, iyr. ... 32

(GlandinaJ Lindoni, Pfi 116

(Glandina) Sowerbyana, Pfir, . 32

(Glandina) Tortilhma, I^. ... 32

Lamarckiana, iyr Il5

Rangiana, P/^. 115

Sandwicensis, Tyr 32

Achatinella Kohri, Pfr, 38

tseniolata, i^r 38

AciPENSER Sturio, Ztfm 27

AgapomU? malaeeetuis, Lath 103

Alcedo erithacaj /3. Lath 99

purpurea^ Gm 99

Alcyone Diemenensis, GoM 19

pulchra, Gould 19

^ma</»ui octc/trotMia, Hodgs. 103

Amphibola obvolata, Jonas 35

AmpuUacera 35

Afuu glocitans 121

Anomia naviformis, Jonas 121

Apteryx ArsTBALis 49

Athene nuHaccensiSf'EiYiovi 99

marmorata, GoM 18

rufa, (?ott« 18

*««#«&/«, Raff. 99

Brachypteryx acutirosfriSt'Eyton... 103

albogularis, Uaxilauh 103

niffroffulariSf 'Eyton 103

sepiariOt Horsf. 103

BuUmus andicola, i^ 115

auratus, Pfr 32

Bolivianus, P/r 34

candelaris, P/r 40

castrensis, I^r 115

castus, P>^ 112

—— coniformis, P/r 114

Darwini, P/r 29

Page

Bulimus diUtatus, iyr 42

Drapamaudi, iyr 113

Dysoni, Pfr, 39

Ehrenbergi, JfJ^ 113

elongatulus, /yV* 42

erubescens, PJ^ 112

fenestratus, iyr 29

Grateloupi, iy^. 42

Gruneri, /yr. 30

Guerini, iyr. 40

holofitoma, iy^. 28

Hondurasanus, i^ 29

indicus, iyr 40

Jussieni, Fa/, itfiir. 33

Kieneri, iyr. 40

Leai, Pyr. 29

— Martinicensis, iyV 40

Meridanus, .^.. 33

Montevidensis, iyV 33

Moricandi, iyr 113

Nilagiricus, iyr 41

Oparanus, i^ 34

Orbignyi, iyr 31

Panayensis, iyi- 33

fPartulaJ amabilis, iyr 38

(Partula) Ganymedes, Pfr. ... 39

(Partula) Hebe, Pfr 39

(Partula) isabellinus, Pfr, ... 39

(Partula) radiolatus, Pfr 39

perspectivus, iy^. 33

Petiti, Pfr 31

Philippinensis, iy^. 42

porphyrins,.^. 114

rimatus, iyr 112

Rossmassleri, i/r 113

Sandwicensis, .^ 31

sarcodes, .^ 30

Sayi, Pyr 114

sculpturatus, Pfr 29

Sowerbyi, iyr 114

124

INDEX.

Page

Bulimus Studeri, /yr 112

Tuckeri, P^ 30

Vincentinus, Pfr 30

Voithianus, ^ 114

Ziegleri, lyr 113

zonulatus, Pfr 41

Callipepla yenusta, Gould 70

Cams fijJvipea 8

Caprimvigus albonotatu8jT\c]iie\\ .., 99

maeruru^y Horsf. 99

Casuarius galeatus 26

Cavia cobaiQi kvLCi 8

Centropus rectiinguis, Strickl. 104

Ceyx luzoniensiSf Steph 99

microsomay Burton 99

ruMoTSdiy Strickland 99

tridactyhyFaH 99

Chama 117

Chama appressa, i2«et;e 119

brassica, i2e^e 119

Carditseformis, Reeve 119

ci&tvl&f Reeve 118

exigm., Reeve 117

^isS}nB,t9,f Reeve 117

fragvaiif Reeve 117

Janus, Reeve 119

Jukesiif Reeve 120

\\ng}m-feliSy Reeve 118

"Pan&mensiSf Reeve 117

peUis-^hocsdf Reeve 118

praetexta, Reeve 117

Tube&f Reeve 120

"RnppeWui Reeve 119

saxda,, Reeve 120

turaulosa, Reeve 118

yane^t&f Reeve 118

venossLf Reeve 119

Chauuax, nov. gen., Lowe 81

Cbaunax pictus, Lowe 81

Chinchilla lanigery Gray 8

Climacteris melanotus, Gould 106

Cinclosoma cinnamomeus, Gould ... 68

Corvus collaris, Z)rummom^ 43

monedula 43

Crax 67

Crataionyx ater, Eyton 100

Criniger gviaria, Horsf. 101

Cryptonyx ferrugineusy Vig 1 05

Ctenomys Braziliensisy De Blainville 8

CucuUaea granulosa, Jonas 34

Cuculus Sonneratiy Lath 1 04

Cylindrella Sowerbyana, PJr 116

Cypraia 23

Cypraea Gaskoinii, Reeve 22

pellucidula, Gaskoin 23

Pisum, Gaskoin 24

pulicaria, Reeve 23

VxiWsLy Gaskoin 24

Cypselus affinisy Gr&y 99

Dasypus 72

Page

Dasypus pbba • 72

Dendrocopus sordidusy Eyton 1 04

DiccBum chrysorrhoeumy Temm, ... 100

Dicrurus ajffiniSy Blyth 102

balicassius, Linn 102

malabaricuSy Scop 102

rangoonensisy Gould 102

retifery Temm 102

Didelphis Azara 9

DiDUS INBPTUS 51

DiNORNis 46,48

DiNOHNis CASUARiNus, Owen 47

CRASBUS, Owen 47

cuRTus, Oilmen 47

DIDIFORMIS, Otc^«n 49

6I6ANTEUS, OtC^Ml 46

IN6RNS, Ou^era 46

OTiDiFORMis, Oioen 49

(Pak^teryx) dromioides,

Owen 47

STRUTHOiDES, Owen 46

Dromiceus Australis 49

Edentata 72

Eopsaltria leucogaster, Goidd 19

Eiidromia 9

Eupetes macrocercuSy Temm 1 02

Fasciolaria clava, Jonas 35

Formicariinm 101

Galictis vittatay Bell 8

Gallinula tenebrosa, G^cm^ 20

Htematomis chrysorrhoideSy Lafr. ... 101

HaHotis 53

Haliotis ancile. Reeve 57

aquatilis, Reeve 58

astnctaLy Reeve 56

claihratsiy Reeve 57

coccinea, iSeet^e 55

coccoradiata, i2eet;« 55

concinna, i2e«t;e 58

cruenta, iZeeve 59

discus, Reeve 55

diversicolor, Reeve 55

^ Dnngii, Reeve 58

iunehnSf Reeve 55

gemm2iy Reeve 58

incisa, i^tn^e 59

JsLcnens\8f Reeve 58

Janus, Reeve 58

Jw^mca, Reeve 54

hLUtBLy Reeve 58

multiperforata, i2e£ve 55

nebulata, Reeve 57

papulata, Reeve 58

pertuBOy Reeve 56

planiliT&tHy Reeve 56

pustulata, i?^^e 58

reticulata, i?«e!;e 57

rosticesLy Reeve 56

rubiginosa, /Zeet;e 56

mgosK, Reeve .'16

INDEX.

125

Haliotis scutuluiD, Reeve 57

semistriata, Reeve 57

Sieboldii, Reeve 55

sptf^osA, Reeve 57

spicalata, i^e^e 57

splendens, ii««9e 54

sqoamata, i2«eoe 55

StomatiaeformiS; Reeve 57

Tayloriana, Reeve 56

tubercuiata 54

viridis, Reeve 56

Zealandica, Reeve 57

lic^iACy Reeve 55

HeUeea 28, 37

Helix arctispira, iyr 41

arcuata, Pfr 110

aulacospira, /^ 37

Barclayana, iyr 110

Candaharica, Pfr 37

codonodes, .^ 112

crassilabris, ^r Ill

cyathellus, iJ/S- 41

dictyodes, Pj^ Ill

doliolum, /^. 41

Gossei, /yr 37

gradata, P/r 110

lignaria, .^. Ill

Lindoni, iyr 109

lucidella, /yr 41

Mighelsiana, /yr 110

Montfortiana, iyr 38

— — pemphigodes, /yr 110

Rissoana, -^. 110

Reeveana, Pfr 42

Spengleriana, lyr Ill

— stenostoma, iyr. 28

suturalis, /yr 37

Swainsonii, Pfr 28

Hemieercw c<mcretu8jl!eimai 104

rtthiginoeusj Swains 104

Hemyfodiu9 atrogularis, Eyion 105

Hesperomys Boliviensis, Waterh, ... 9

Hohthuria eduUSf Gray 67

Hylobates 11

HyLOBATES A6ILIS 11

coNCOLoa 15

LAR 15

1x08 airiceps, Temm 101

»— metalUctte, Eyton 101

phaocephalus, Hartl 101

Lagotia Cumeriy Bennett 7

LaniarinuB 101

Laniug cristattUy lAnn 102

ferrttgicepSf Uodgi 102

htcionensiSf Linn 102

magnirostriaf B^langer 1 02

fHekMoti9,\ai 102

superciUosuSj Lath 102

phcenicurm, Fall 102

— strigatusj Eyton 102

Page

Lichia VadigOy Cu v. & Val 23

Limosa Melanuroides, Gmld 84

Lophida 81

Malaccpteron aureum, Eyton 101

macrodactylumy Strickl 103

olivaceuni, StrickL 103

equamatum, Eyion 103

MangeUa 59

Mangelia abyssicola, Reeve 62

angulata, Reeve 64

AntiUaocvant Reeve 59

astnctSL, Reeve 64

hsidi&y Reeve 64

halie&tA, Reeve 64

hicoloTy Reeve 62

capillacea, i2e^e 60

caat&t Reeve 64

castauea, Reeve '. 63

cavernosAy Reeve 60

cincta, Reeve 65

Columbelloides, Reeve 62

Conohelicoides, Reeve 62

cyUndncsLy Reeve 60

derelicta, Reeve 64

digitalis, Af^e 65

elegansy Reeve 63

funebris, iZeet^e 62

funiculata. Reeve 60

fasiformis, ^eet76 61

gihbosiit Reeve 61

gracilis, A6^« 60

Hornbeckii, Reeve 63

interm^^tSLy Reeve 61

lamellata, iZ^eve 60

lineatAy Reeve 63

hY\d&, Reeve 62

Lyra, Ae«ve 59

lyrics,, Reeve 61

maculata, I26et;« 61

Marginelloides, I2^e9e 60

marmorosa, Reeve 64

nB.nB,t Reeve 65

Novae Hollandiae, iZeeve 62

obeliscus, i^eeve 64

pallida, ^^eve 63

pellucida, Aeez;e 64

^bsvUaUl, Reeve 63

planilabrum, ^eet;e 63

pulchella, iZcwc 61

^ur2iy Reeve 64

TpusillA, Reeve 63

reticulata, i^eevfi 61

rigida. Reeve 63

Sicula, Reeve 59

WiUdA, Reeve 64

Stromboides, Reeve 63

tenehrosA, Reeve 62

turricula, Reeve 62

vexillura. Reeve 59

vittata, iZ^we 60

126

INDBX.

Page

Mangelia Zebuensis, /2«ratf 65

zonata. Reeve 61

Marg;inella albo-cincta, Sow 96

' crassilabrum, Sow 96

faba, Lam 96

Fauna, iSotr 96

insc&t Sow 95

— • multUineata, Sow 96

Pseudo-faba, Sow 96

similis, Sow 97

tseniata, Sow 96

. varia, Sow 97

Melanochlora Sumatranay Less. ... 100

affinis, Horsf. 100

Melipbaga longirostris, G'ou/ii 83

MULLUS SURMULETU8 27

Muscipeta plumosay Blyth 101

Myiagra 101

Myiagra pectoraUst Hay 101

pyrr hqpterat Temm 101

MtRMECOPHAQA JUBATA. 74

Ninojp nipcUeruiSt Hodgs 99

Nothura 9

NycteUa 9

Nyctibius bracteatus, Gould 1

Octodon Bridgesii, Waterhouse 7

Cumingii 7

Odontopborus Balliviani, Gould ... 69

Oreoica criatata 100

Palapteryx, n. g., Owen 46

Parmacella Cumingi, Pfr 109

Parwjlavocristatus, Lafr 100

tultaneus, Hodg» 100

Pbrca marina 27

PerdicartB 9

Perdix cBruginoauSf Eyton 105

Pericrocotus modestus, StrickL ... 102

Petroica sapercUiosa, Gould 106

Phanau8 9

Phikntoma autoftea, Eyton 101

Phoca ? 80

PhyUomU aurifrons 100

c<Bfimarhynchu8, Tickell 100

— malabaricuSf Temm 100

mohtcceneit, Gny 100

Picitf Ai2p«t, Yig 103

rubigmosutt Eyton 104

PiTHECIA SaTANUS 13

Pitfa cyanura, Gm 100

Poepbila leucotis, Gould 106

Pleurotoma 3

Plenrotoma albifiiniculata, Reeve ... 6

Blhmod&iAf Reeve 6

angicostata, J2etf9« 4

tLxiSt Reeve 3

Cagayanensis, Reeve 4

— — canaliculata, iSeeve 6

corneAt Reeve 5

crebriplicata. Reeve 3

— daedala, Reeve 6

Page

Pleurotoma delicata, Reeve 3

Dysoni, JKeeoe 4

fenestrata, J2etfoe 4

— Forbesii, Reeve 5

foYeolBLt&, Reeve 5

FusoideSy Reeve 6

granicostata, Reeve 4

Hondurasensis, Reeve 4

mucronata. Reeve 4

obtusa, Reeve 6

^AgodsLf Reeve 5

Varia,, Reeve 5

— regions, Reeve 4

YOsaxuLf Reeve 3

scalpta, Reeve 5

scaitihadVLSf Reeve 6

serneUt Reeve 5

semigranosa, Reeve 5

symmetrica, i26«9tf 5

tessellata, JKeevtf 4

tincta, Reeve 5

Priodontes, F. Cuv. 74

Prionochilus thoracicus, Temm. .«. 100

Pteroglossus cucuUatuSi Gould 69

Pupa elegantula, /yr 115

Padfica, P/r 31

PycnonotiruB 101

Pycnonofus crocorrhoue, StrickL ... 101

cyaruvenfriSf Blyth 101

hismorrhous 101

melanocephahUt Gm 101

rt{focaudatu», Eyton 101

Pyrula idoleum, /ofUM 120

Ralku gulariSf Horsf. 105

Philippinbnsis 26

—^' etriatuSf Linn 105

Ramphastos Inca, Gould 68

Reptilia 72

Rolhduaniger 105

Sarcoramphus Condor 44

Scomber ? 27

SCYLLIUM ? 27

Serrirostrum carbonarium 9

eittoidee 9

SqUALUS ACANTH1A8 27

CANicuLAy Linn 27

? 27

Strepera arguta, Gould 19

— *- melanoptera, Gould 20

plumbea, Gould 20

Strix hirsuta, Temm 99

Struthio Camblus 48

Struthionida 48

SuGcinea pallida* /yr 109

semiglobosa, PJr 109

Tahitensis, iyr. 109

Sula personata, ^otiitf 21

Sylochelidon strenuus, Gould 21

Terebratula AlgoensiSi Snr. 95

cognata, Chemn, 94

INDEX.

127

Page

Terebratula crenulata, Sow 91

erythroleucat Qaoy 93

—— inconspicua, S(0«7 93

-^— Japonica, Smp 91

-^— Labradorensis, Sou; 95

transversa, iS!di0 94

nigricans, Sew 91

pulchella, Sow 93

— rosea, Humphrey 92

rubella, iS!di0 94

-^— mbicunda, Sow, 92

sangumea, Chemn 93

Mnguinea, Quoy, Astr 92

sanguinea. Sow 93

Testudo 72

Thmochorut 9

Tbynnus communis 27

Ptlamedes 27

TigaRqfflesi,\iz 103

tridactyla 104

TtmaUa erythromtus, Blytb 103

erythropiera, Blyth 103

nigrieoUiSt Temm 103

peetoraUs, Blyth 103

pyrrhophaa, Haiti 103

TtmalUntB 101, 102

Torpedo ocuLATA 27

Treron Capelli, 7Vmm 105

yWw«)«^,Wagl 105

tenuirottre, Eyton 105

Triehophonu eanieep»t Lafr 101

TROCHILIDiB 26

Page

TrochiUdiB 85

Trochilus ? 28

(lampomis^ aurescens, GoM .. 88

(lampomis) cyanopectus,

Gould 88

(lampomis ?) f uWivcntris, Gould 88

(lesbia) gracilis, Gould 86

Hesbia) smaragdinus, Gould,,. 85

— (lopbomis) regulus, Gould ... 89

(ocreatus) ligonicaudos, Gould 86

(ocreatus) mfocsligatus, Gould 86

(petasopbora) coruscans,

Gould 44, 90

— ^ ^topaza) pyra, Gould 85

( ?) seneocauda, Gould ... 87

( ?) cupricauda, Gould ... 87

( ?) flabelliferus, Gould 45, 90

?^ bispidus, 6^o«itf 90

?) bypoleucus, Gould ... 90

?) inomata, (rou/tf 89

? ) nigrofasciata, Gould .. 89
?) strophianus, Gould 45, 90

ruficeps, Gould 89

violifer, Gould 87

Troglodytes niger 2, 15

Trogon assimilis, Gould 67

Turdu8fnode8tu8,l^jion 100

Tumix pugtuuF, Temm 105

Ursus MARiTiMus, Linn )1

Venerupis tenuistriata, Jonas 35

XiPHiAS GLADius, Linn 27

Zeus FABBR 27

XND OF PART XIV.

Printed by Richard and John E. Taylor, lUd Lion Court, Fleet Street.

fJtCONER BKXOGr utitiAk^
STANFORD UIWtRSITV
STANFORD. CA. 9^05

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