Full text of "Proceedings"

VI'

HISTORY

FIELD GLQB,

EDITED BY

NELSON M. RICHARDSON, B.A., F.B.S.

Hon. Secretary.

VOLU M E XVI I.

Dorcbester :

FEINTED AT THE "DORSET COUNTY CHRONICLE" OFFICE.

1896

2 8 1385

984676

I/. 17

CONTENTS.

PAGE

Index to Plates and Engravings j v

Notice to Members v

List of Officers and Honorary Members

List of Members

VI.

viii.

List of New Members elected since the publication of Vol. XVI xix.

The Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club

during the Season 1895-6, by Nelson M. Richardson, B. A., F.E.S xxi.

Hon. Treasurer's Statement of Receipts and Expenditure from May 14th, 1895, to

May 4th, 1896 H.

Hon. Secretary's Accounts from May 1st, 1895, to April 30th, 1896 lii.

Special Donations of Plates, &c., towards Vol. XVII Hv.

Anniversary Address of the President lv.

On the Inquisitiones Post Mortem for Dorset from Henry III. to Richard III.

(1216-1485), by Edward Alexander Fry 1

On New and Rare British Spiders observed in 1895, by the Rev. O. Pickard-

Cambridge, M.A., F.R.S., &c, 55

Evershot Church, by the Rev. P. H. Milne 64

An Early Neolithic Kitchen-Midden and Tufaceous Deposit at Blashenwell, near

Corfe Castle, by Clement Reid, F.L.S., F.G.S 67

On a Whirlwind at Bloxworth, by the Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge, M.A.,

F.R.S., &c 76

Notes on the Churches of Gussage St. Michael's and Gussage All Saints', by the
Rev. Canon Sir Talbot H. B. Baker, Bart., with Description of the Bells of
Gussage All Saints', by Rev. W. Herbert Stent, Vicar 80

On a New Dorsetshire Variety of Plantago Coronopus, Linn., by Edmund G.

Baker, F.L.S 87

On a Collection of Fossils from the Upper Greensand in the Dorset County

Museum, by A. J. Jukes-Browne, B. A., F.G.S. 96

St. Margaret's Hospital, Wimborne Minster, by Walter J. Fletcher 109

On the Footprints of a Dinosaur (Iguanodon ?) from the Purbeck Beds of Swanage,

by J. C. Mansel-Pleydell, F.G.S., F.L.S 115

Notes on Two Instances of Tenacity of Vegetable Life, by H. J. Moule, M.A. . . 123

On a Romano-British Brick-kiln and a British Barrow at Bagber, Milton Abbas,
with an Historical Dissertation on Pottery and Brick -making, by J. C. Mansel-
Pleydell, F.G.S., F.L.S. .. .; 127

Knowlton Church and Earthwork, by Rev. Canon Sir Talbot H. B. Baker, Bart. . . 135

Water Analysis a Hundred Years Ago, by Thos. B. Groves .... 141

A List of Portland Lepidoptera, by Nelson M. Richardson, B.A., F.E.S. . 146

Flint Implements found at Portesham during 1894 and 1895, by E. Cunnington . 192

The Geology of the Portesham District, by Rev. Osmond Fisher, F.G.S. . 194
Report on Observations of the First Appearances of Birds, Insects, &c., and the
First Flowering of Plants in Dorset during 1895, by Nelson M. Richardson,

B.A., F.E.S 197

Report on the Rainfall in Dorset during 1895, by H. S. Eaton, Past Pres.

R. Met. Soc. 21

iv.

INDEX TO PLATES, ENGRAVINGS, &c.

PAGE

NEW AND RARE BRITISH SPIDERS 55

EFFECTS OF WHIRLWIND AT BLOXWORTH, PLATES A AND B 76, 77

MAP SHEWING TRACK OF WHIRLWIND 78

GUSSAGE ALL SAINTS' CHURCH 84

Plantago Coronopus, L., VAR. ceratophyllon, RAPIN 87

FOOTPRINTS OF DINOSAUR .. .. .. - .. 115

FEMUR OF Iguanodon, &c 122

BURIAL URNS FROM BRITISH BARROW AT BAGBER 127, 131

KNOWLTON CHURCH .. .. 135

PLATE (COLOURED) SHEWING Lita (Gelechia) instabilella, DOUGLAS, Lita
(Gdechia) salicornice, HERING, AND Coleophora adjunctella, HODGKINSON,

IN THEIR DIFFERENT STAGES 147

REPORT ON FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, &c., IN 1895

Table shewing Number of Observations during Four Years on each

Bird in List 201

Table of First Appearances of Birds in Dorset in 1895 206

Table of First Appearances of Insects in Dorset in 1895 . . . . . . 207

Table of Earliest Records of Plants in Flower in Dorset in 1895.. ... 208, 209

RAINFALL IN DORSET

Table I., shewing Monthly Depth of Rain in Inches in 1895 . . . . 216, 217

Table II., giving details of Rainfall in 1895, and comparing it with the

Average 218, 219

Table III., shewing Proportionate Rainfall in each Year to the Average

of the Eight Years, 1888-95 202

Table IV., shewing Statistics of Temperature, &c., at Winterbourne

Steepleton in 1895 . . . . . . . . 221

NOTICE.

Members are reminded that payment of the current year's
subscription (IDS.) entitles them to the immediate receipt of
the Vol. of " Proceedings " or other publications for the
year ; also that payment of arrears entitles to previous
volumes, issued in those years for which the arrears are due.

All volumes are issued, and subscriptions received, by
the Treasurer, Rev. O. P. Cambridge, Bloxworth Rectory,
Wareham.

Surplus Copies of former l( Proceedings " (Vols. i. xvi.) at
the rate of 75. 6d. to ics. a volume, "Spiders of Dorset"
(2 vols., 255.), and copies of " Monograph of the British
Phalangidea or Harvest Men " at 53. each, are in the
Treasurer's hands for disposal for the benefit of the Club's
funds; also copies of the "British Chernetidea or False-
Scorpions" at 35. each, and copies of the General Index to the
first 16 Vols. of " Proceedings " at is. each.

Any Member joining the Club and paying his subscription
in a year for which no volume may be issued is entitled to a
copy of the one last previously issued.

Members are requested to give notice to the Treasurer of
any change in their address.

Members desiring to withdraw from the Club are requested
to (jive notice to the Treasurer, in order to avoid the trouble
and expense incurred in sending them Notices of Meetings,
&c. ; but until such notice is given they are liable to pay
the Annual Subscription, due to the Club on and after
January ist each year.

AND

lntijjuin|iatt Jmhl tltttr,

INAUGURATED MARCH 26th, 1875.

presiDent :

J. C. MAXSEL-PLEYDELL, ESQ., J.P., F.G.S, F.L.S.

Wce-lpresiDeuts :

REV. CANON Sm TALBOT H. B. BAKER, BART.
GENERAL PITT RIVERS, F.R.S.

REV. 0. P. CAMBRIDGE, M.A., F.R.S., C.M.Z.S., &c.
(Hon. Treasurer).

HON. MORTON G. STUART, F.G.S.
NELSON M. RICHARDSON, ESQ., B.A., F.E.S. (Hon. Secretary).

VII.

Ibonoran? Members :

W. CARRUTHERS, Esq., F.R.S., F.G.S., F.L.S., British Museum,

S. Kensington.

R. ETHERIDGE, Esq., F.R.S., F.G.S., British Museum, S. Kensington.

ALFRED NEWTON, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., Professor of Zoology and Com-
parative Anatomy, Magdalen College, Cambridge.

G. R. WOLLASTON, Esq., Chiselhurst.

Rev. OSMOND FISHER, M.A., F.G.S., &c., Harlton Rectory, Cambridge.

Mr. A. M, WAT.LIS, 29, Mallams, Portland.

LIST OF MEMBERS

OF THE

lovset JUtuntl Distort) vtnb Jtntiqtianim
Jieib Slurb.

The Right Reverend the Lord

Bishop of Salisbury
The Right Reverend the

Bishop of Southwark

The Right Hon. Viscount

Portman
Tlic Right Hon. Lord Eustace

Cecil

The Right Hon. Lord Digby
TheRight Hon.LordStalbridge
The Right Hon. Lord Walsing-

hani

Acland, Captain John
Acton, Rev. Edward
Acton, Rev. J.
Aldridge, Reginald, Esq.
Allen, George, Esq.
Allhusen, Wilton, Esq.
Allinan, G. J., Esq., L.L.D.,

F.R.S., &c., &c.
Andrews, T. C. W., Esq.
Baker, E. Whitley, Esq.
Baker, Rev. Sir Talbofc, Bart.

( Vice-P resident)
Baker, Surgeon-Colonel J. B.
Barikes, Albert, Esq.

The Palace, Salisbury

Dartmouth House, Blackheath Hill,
London, S.E.

Bryanston, Blandford

Lytchet'o Heath, Poole

Minterne, Dorcbester

12, Upper Brook Street, London

Merton Hall, Thetford, Norfolk

Martinstown, Dorchester

Hinton St. Mary Vicarage, Blandiord

Iwerne Minster, Blandford

Poole

Strangways, Marnhull, Blandford

Clevelands, Lyme Regis

A rd more, Parkstone

1, Buxton Villas, Rod well, Wey mouth

Glencairn, Wimborne

Ranston House, Blandford
13, (Cornwall Road, Dorchester
Wolfeton House, Dorchester.

Bankes, Eustace Ralph, Esq.
Bankes, Rev. Canon Eldon S.
Bankes, W. Ralph, Esq.
Barnes, Mrs. John lies
Barnes, Rev. W. M.
Barrett,W.Bowles,Esq.,F.L.S.
Bartlett, Rev. R. G.
Baskett, Rev. C. R.
Baskett, S. R., Esq.
Bassett, Rev. T.
Batten, H. B., Esq.
Batten, John, Esq.
Batten, Colonel Mount
Batten, Miss Mount
Beckford, F. J., Esq.
Belben, Robert, Esq.
Bellasis, W. Dalglish, Esq.
Blanchard, E. W., Esq.
Bodington, Rev. Eric James
Bond, N., Esq.
Bond, Rev. John
Bonser, Geo., Esq.
Bousfield, Rev. E. H.
Bowden, Miss Mary
Bowen, J. H., Esq.
Bower, H. Syndercombe, Esq.
Brennand, W. E., Esq.
Bright, Percy M., Esq.
Browne,A.J.Jukes,Esq F.G.S.

Browning,Benjamin,Esq.,M.D.
Brymer, Rev. J. G.
Budden, Alfred, Esq.
Burt, F. A., Esq.
Burt, Miss Emma
Butler, C. McArthur, Esq.
M.S. A.

Butts, Capt.

Cambridge, Colonel J. P.
Cambridge, Mrs. Pickard

Corfe Castle Rectory, Wareham

Kingston Lacy, Wimborne

Summer Hayes, Blandford

Monkton Rectory, Dorchester

Weymouth

Corfe Castle, Wareham

Birstwith Vicarage, Ripley, Leeds

Evershot

Houghton Rectory, Blandford

Aldon, Yeovil

Upcerne, Dorchester

Witley, Parkstone

Longfleet, Poole

Lulworth Castle, Wareham

Fernside, Parkstone

Osmington Vicarage, Dorchester

Creech Grange, Wareham

Tyneham, Wareham

Seaborough Court, Crewkerne

Vicarage, Milton Abbas, Dorchester

West Walks, Dorchester

Bank Buildings, Weymouth

Fontmell Parva, Shillings tone, Blandford

Blandford

Roccabruna, Bournemouth

Geological Survey Cilice, 28, Jermyn

Street, London
Weymouth

Childe Okeford Rectory, Blandford
Wimborne
Swanage
Purbeck House, Swanage

Salisbury Chambers, Boscombe, Bourne-
mouth

The Salterns, Parkstone, Dorset
Bloxworth House, Wareham
10, Gloucester Row, Weymouth

Cambridge, Rev. 0. P., F.R.S.

( Vice- President and Hon.

Treasurer)

Carter, William, Esq.
Cattle, Rev. William
Chadwick, Mrs.
Chudleigh, Rev. Augustine
Church, Col. Arthur
Clarence,Lovell Burchett,Esq.
Clarke, R. Stanley, Esq.

Climenson, Rev. John
Clinton, E. Fynes, Esq.
Clinton, Rev. C. H. Fynes
Colfox, Miss A. L.
Colfox, Mrs. Thos.
Colfox, T. A., Esq.
Colfox, W., Esq.
Coote, Rev. H. C.
Cope, Rev. J. Staines
Cothei, Rev. P. S.
Cotton, Lieut. -Colonel
Crespi, Dr.

Criekmay, G. R., Esq.
Cross, Rev. J.

Cull, James, Esq.

Cunnington, Edward, Esq,
Curme, Decimus, Esq.
Curtis, C. II., Esq.
D'Aeth, C. C. Hughes, Esq.
Dale, ( 1 . \V., Esq.
Damon, Robert, Esq.
Dansey, Miss S. J. T.
Davis, Geo., Esq.
Digby, J. K. D. W.,Esq.,M.P,
Drax, W. S. E., Esq.
Drncker, Adolfe, Esq.
Dugmore, H. Radcliffe, Esq.
Dundas, Rev. C. L.

Bloxworth Rectory, Wareham

The Heritage, Parkstone

Charlton, Blandford

Chetnole, Sherborne

West Parley Rectory, Wimborne

St. A I ban's, Rod well, Wey mouth

Coaxdon, Axminster

West Milton, Melplash, R.S.O.,

Dorset

Shiplake Vicarage, Henley-on-Tharnes
Wimborne
Rectory, Blandford
Westmead, Bridport
Rax House, Bridporfc
Coneygar, Bridport
Westmead, Bridport
St. John's Lodge, Wimborne
Chaldon Vicarage, Dorchester
Rectoiy, Bradford Peverell, Dorchester
Ing Ravan, Carl ton Road, Weymouth.
Wimborne
Weymouth
Bail lie House, Sturminster Marshall,

Wimborne
47, Phillimore Gardens, Campden Hill,

London, W.

Alma House, Weymouth
Childe Okeford
Blandford

Buckhorn Weston, Wincanton
Glanvilles Wootton, Sherborne
Weymouth
Fairfield, W eym.ou.th
Dorchester
Sherborne Castle
Holnest, Sherborne
39A, Cur/on Street, London, W.
The Mount, Parkstone, Poole
Chaimiiibter Vicarage, Dorchester

XI.

Eaton, H. S., Esq.

Edgcumbe, Sir Robert Pearce
Elford, H. B., Esq.
Ehves, Captain G. R.
Embleton, D. C., Esq.,
F.R. Met. Soc.

Evans, Rev. Canon
Evans, W. H., Esq.
Everett, Mrs.
Everingham, Mrs.
Falkner, C. G., Esq.
Fane, Frederick, Esq.
Farley, Rev. H.
Farrer, Oliver, Esq.
Farrer, Rev. W.
Fetherstonhaugh-Frampton,

R., Esq.

Filleul, Rev. S. E. V.
Filliter, Freeland, Esq.
Filliter, George, Esq.
Filliter, Rev. VV. D.
Fisher, F. B., Esq., M.D.
Fletcher, W. H. B., Esq.
Fletcher, W. J., Esq.
Floyer, G., Esq.
Fogerty, F. G., Esq.
Forbes, Mrs.

Forrester, Hugh Carl, Esq.
Forrester, Mrs.
Foster, Charles J. , Esq.
Freame, R., Esq.
Freeman, Rev. H. P. Williams
French, Alfred, Esq.
Fry, Edward Alexander, Esq.
Fyler, J. W., Esq.
Gallwey, Captain E. Payne
Gal pin, G., Esq.

George, C. E. A., Esq.

The National Club, Whitehall,

London, S.W.
Dorchester
Market Street, Poole
Bossington, Bournemouth

St. Wilfred's, St. Michael's Road,

Bournemouth

St. Alphege, Parkstone, Dorset
Forde Abbey, Chard
Peveril Tower, Swanage
Somerleigh Gate, Dorchester
The College, Weymouth
Moyles Court, Fordingbridge
Lytchett Minster, Poole
Binnegar Hall, Wareham
Vicarage, Bere Regis

Moreton House, Dorchester

All Saints' Rectory, Dorchester

Wareham

Steeple, Wareham

West Walk House, Dorchester

Fairlawn, Worthing, Sussex

Wimborne

Stafford, Dorchester

2, St. Peter's Terrace, Bournemouth

Shillingstone, Blandford

Shaftesbury

Bryanstone, Blandford

Dorchester

Gillingham

A ff puddle Vicarage, Dorchester

Wimborne

172, Edmund Street, Birmingham

Hethfeltoh, Wareham

1, Clearmount, Rodwell, Weymouth

Clarendon Court, Clarendon Road,

Bournemouth
Fleet House, near Weymouth

Xll.

George, Mrs.

Gibbens, Rev William, B.D.

Girdlestone, Mrs.

Glyn, Carr Stuart, Esq.

Glyn, Rev. V. W.

Glyn, Sir R., Bart.

God man, F. Du Cane, Esq.,

F.R.S.

Goodden, J. R. P., Esq.
Goodridge, Capt. John,

F.R.A.S.
Goodridge, Miss
Gorringe, Rev. T. R.
Graham, Dr. Geo.
Greves, Hayla, Esq., M.D.
Griffin, F. C. G., Esq., M.B.,
Groves, T. B., Esq.,
Groves, W. E. , Esq.
Hadow, Rev. J. L. G.
Haggard, Rev. II. A.
Hall, Chas. Lillington, Esq.

Hambro, Mrs.
Hankey, Rev. Montagu
Hansford, Charles, Esq.
Hardcastle, J. A., Esq.
Harrison, Rev. F. T.
Hart-Dyke, Rev. Canon P.
Hart, Edward, Esq., F.Z.S.
Hawkins, W., Esq.
Hayes, Miss
Hayne, R., Esq., Jun.
Head, J. Merrick, Esq.
Henning, Lieut. -General, C.B.
Hibbs, Geo., Esq.
Highton, Rev. E.
Hogg, B. A., Esq.
Honeywell, F., Esq.

Fleet House, near Weymouth
Wyncombe, Iddlesleigh Road,

Bournemouth
Monksdene, Dorchester Road,

Weymouth

Woodleaze, Wimborne
Fontmell Magna, Shaftesbury
Gaunts House, Wimborne

South Lodge, Lower Beeding, Horsham
Compton House, Sherborne

38, St. Deny's Road, Southampton

Childe Okeford, Blandford

Manston Rectory, Blandford

Wimborne

Rodney House, Bournemouth

Royal Terrace, Weymouth

Belmont, Seldown, Poole

Dorchester

18, Royal Terrace, Weymouth

Stourpaine, Blandford

Osmington Lodge, Osmington, Wey-
mouth

Milton Abbey, Blandford

Maiden Newton Rectory, Dorchester

Dorchester

Beaminster

Milton Abbas School, Blandford

Lullingstone, Wimborne

Christchurch

Abbotsbury, Dorchester

Dorset County Hospital, Dorchester

Fordington House, Dorchester

Pennsylvania Castle, Portland

Frome, Dorchester

Bere Regis, Wareham

Tarrant Keynston Rectory, Blandford

Dorchester

The Elms, Surbiton Road, Kingston-on-
Thames

Kill.

Hopkins, Rev. Henry Gordon
Horsfall, John, Esq., F.S.A.
House, Edward, Esq.
House, Harry Hammond, Esq.
Howard, Sir R. N.
Howell, Rev. F. B.
Hudson, A. E., Esq., M.A.
Hudson, Dr. Horace
Huntley, H. E., Esq.
Hurdle, H. A., Esq.
Hussey, Rev. J.
Ilbert, Arthur, Esq.
Kelly, Alex., Esq.
Kerr, Dr. E.

Lafontaine, Alfred C. de, Esq.
Lamb, Captain Stephen E.
Langford, Rev. J. F.

Lattey, Dr. Arthur

Lawton, H. A., Esq., M.D.,
Leach, J. Comyns, Esq., M.D.

Leonard, Rev. A.
Lewis, Rev. G. Bridges
Linklater, Rev. Robert

Linton, Rev. E. F.

Lister, Arthur, Esq.
Lister, Miss Guilelma
Llewhellin, G. W., Esq.
Lock, A. H., Esq.
Lock, B. F., Esq.
Lock. Miss Mary C.
Lonsdale, Rev. J. H.
Luff, Montagu, Esq.
Lush, Win. Vaudrey, Esq.,

M.D., F.R.C.P.
Lush, Mrs.
Macdonald, P.W., Esq., M.D.,

Hampreston Rectory, Wimborne

Cambray, Bournemouth

Tomson, Blandford

Malvern College, Malvern

Weymouth.

Upwey Rectory, Dorchester

The Pines, Parkstone, Dorset

Sturminster Newton

Charlton House, Blandford

7, Gloucester Terrace, Weymouth

Pimperne Rectory, Blandford

Westbrook House, Upwey, Dorchester

Mayfield, Parkstone

South Street, Dorchester

Athelhampton, Dorchester

29, Great Cumberland Place, London

Holy Trinity Parsonage, 11, Rue de la
Buffa, Nice

Hollywood, Kirtleton Avenue, Wey-
mouth

High Street, Poole

The Lindens, Sturminster Newton,
Blandford

Vicarage, Beaminster

4, Church Road, Broadstone, Wimborne
Holy Trinity Rectory, Stroud Green,

London, N.
Crymlyn, Branksome Wood Road,

Bournemouth
High Cliffe, Lyme Regis
High Cliffe, Lyme Regis
Brookfield, Blandford
53, High West Street, Dorchester

5, New Square, Lincoln's Inn, London
42, High East Street, Dorchester
Shroton Rectory, Blandford
Blandford

12, Frederick Place, Weymouth
12, Frederick Place, Weymouth
County Asylum, Dorchester

XIV.

Malan, E. C., Esq.
Manger, A. T., Esq.
Mansel-Pleyclell, J. C., Esq.

(President)

Mansel-Pleydell, Mrs.
Hansel, Rev. Owen L.
March, H. Colley, Esq., M.D.
Marriott, Sir W. Smith, Bart.
Marshall, Rev. Chas. J.
Mason, Philip B., Esq., F.L.S.
Mason, Rev. H. J.
Mate, William, Esq.
Maunsell, Rev. F. W.
Mayo, George, Esq.
Mayo, Rev. Canon C. H.
McLean, Dr. Allan
Mead, Miss

Medlycott, Sir Edwd.B.,Bart.
Middleton, H. B., Esq.
Middleton, H. N., Esq.
Miller, Rev. J. A., B.D.
Milne, Rev. Percy
Moorhead, J., Esq., M.D.
Morforu, Rev. A.
Moule, H. J., Esq.
Murray, Rev. R. P., F.L.S.
Okeden, Colonel Parry
Palmer, Colonel R. H.
Parker, H. W., Esq.
Pass, AlfredC., Esq.
Patey, Miss
Patey, Russell, Esq.
Payne, Miss
Payne, Miss Eleanor
Payne, Miss Florence
Penney, W., Esq., A.L.S.
Penny, Rev. J.
Perkins, Rev. T.
Peto, Sir Henry, Bart.
Philbrick, His Honour Judge

Frederick Adolphus

Blackdown House, Orewkerne
Stock Hill, Gillingliam

Whatcombe, Blandford
Whatcombe, Blandford
Church Knowle, Wareham
Portisham, Dorchester
Down House, Blandford
Shillingstone Rectory, Blandford
Trent House, Burton-on-Trent
Wigston Magna Vicarage, Leicester
62, Commercial-road, Bournemouth
Symondsbury Rectory, Bridport
Rocklands, Rodwell, Weymouth
Longburton Vicarage, Sherborne
St. Martin's, Weymouth
5, Brunswick Buildings, Weymouth
Ven, Milborne Port, Sherborne
Bradford Peverell, Dorchester
Bradford Peverell, Dorchester
The College, Weymouth
Evershot Rectory, Dorchester

1, Royal Terrace, Weymouth
Poole

The County Museum, Dorchester

Shapwick Rectory, Blandfcrd

Turnworth, Blandford

Okla, Lansdowne, Weymouth

Blandford

The Holmes, Stoke Bishop, Bristol

Farrs, Wim borne

Farrs, Wimborne

2, Westerhall Villas, Weymouth
2, Westerhall Villas, Weymouth
Rydal, Wimborne

Poole

Tarrant Rushton Rectory, Blandford
Turnworth Rectory, Blandford
Chedington Court, Misterton, Crewkerne

Barwick, near Yeovil

Phillips, James Henry, Esq.

Phillips, Miss

Philpot, J. E. D., Esq.

Phil pots, John R., Esq.,

L.C.R.P.'andS. Ed., J.P.
Pike, Laurence, Esq.
Pike, T. M., Esq.

Pinney, C. F.,Esq.
Pond, S., Esq.

Pouting, Chas. E., Esq., F.S.A
Pope, A., Esq.
Portman, Hon. Miss
Prideaux, C. S., Esq.
Pulliblank, Rev. Joseph
Pye, William, Esq.
llatcliff, Mrs. M. E.
Radclyffe, Eustace, Esq.
Ravenhill, Rev. Canon H.,
R.D.

Reynolds, Alfred, Esq.
Reynolds, Mrs. Arthur
Riccard, Miss
Richardson, N. M., Esq.

( 'Vice-President and Hon.

Secretary)

Ricketts, Geo. H. M., Esq.
Ridley, Rev. O. M.
Ridley, Rev. Stewart
Rivers, General Pitt, F.R.S.

( Vice- President)
Rixon, W. A., Esq.

Robinson, Mrs. Octavius
Robinson, Sir Charles, F.S.A.,
Rodd, Edward Stanhope, Esq.
Rooper, T. G., Esq.
Ruegg, L. H., Esq.
Russell, Colonel
Ptussell, Godfrey F., Esq.

Poole

Okeford Fitzpaine, Blandford

Lyme Regis

Moorcroft, Parkstone

Furzebrook, Corfe Castle, Wareham

c/o Miss Pike, Elim, Shortlands,

Kent

Brooklands, Beaniinster, Dorset
Blandford

Lockeridge, Marlborough
South Court, Dorchester
Littleton House, Blandford
51, High West Street. Dorchester
Rampisham Rectory, Dorchester
Dunmore, Rodwell, Weymouth
Mount Pleasant, Weymouth
Hyde, Wareham

Buckland Newton Vicarage, Dor-
chester

Mil borne Port, Sherborne
Bridport
Somerleigh Gate, Dorchester

Montevideo, Chickerell, near Weymouth
Cranemore Lodge, Christchurch
East Hill, Charminster, Dorchester
Milborne Port, Sherborne

Rushmore, Salisbury

The Manor House, Corfe Castle,

Wareham

Redlynch House, Downton, Salisbury
Newton Manor, Swanage
Chardstock House, Chard
Pen Selwood, Bournemouth
Westbury, Sherborne
Clavinia, Weymouth
Kiuson House, Wimborne

XVI.

Russell-Wright, Rev. T.
Schuster, Rev. W. P.
Scorer, A. P., Esq.

Searle, Allan, Esq.
Serrell, D. H., Esq.

Shearman, John, Esq.

Shephard, Major C. S.

Shephearcl, T., Esq.

Sherren, J. A., Esq.

Simpson, Miss

Si ve wright, Robert, Esq.

Smart, Rev. B. C.

Snook, S. P., Esq., M.R.C.S.,
Engld., L.R.C.P., Lond.

Solly, Rev. H. S.

Sowter, Rev. F. B., The Yen.
Archdeacon of Dorset

Sparks, W., Esq.

Stephens, R. Darrell , Esq.
F.G.S., F.L,S.,F.Z.S.

Stewart, Jas. S., Esq.

Stilwell, Mrs.

Stone, Walter Bos well, Esq.

Stroud, Rev. J.

Stuart - Gray, Colonel Hon.
Jas.

Stuart, Hon. Morton G. ( Vice-
President)

Sturdy, Leonard, Esq.

Sturdy, Philip, Esq.

Sty ring, F., Esq.

Suttill, J. T., Esq.

Swift B. R., Esq.

Sydenhani, Bavid, Esq.

Sykes, Ernest R., Esq.,

Symes, G. P., Esq.
Symonds, Henry, Esq.

Purbeck College, Swanage

Vicarage, West Lulworth

Abercorn Lodge, Upper Hamilton

Terrace, London
Wilts and Dorset Banking Company,

Southampton
Haddon Lodge, Stourton Caundle,

Blandford

Peveril House, Swanage
Charminster, Borchester
Kingsley, Bournemouth
Weymouth

2, St. John's Terrace, Weymouth
Eastbrook Hoiiee, Upwey, Dorchester
Milborne St. Andrew, Blandford

20, Trinity Road, Weymouth
Bridport

Borchester
Crevvkerne

Trewornan, Wadebridge
Beesa, Parkstone
Steepleton Manor, Borchester
Shute Haze, Walditch, Bridport
South Perrott, Crewkerne

Kinfauns. Perthshire

2, Belford Park, Edinburgh
Trigon, Wareham
Branksome, near Bournemouth
The Yarrells, Poole
Bridport

45, South Street, Borchester
Bournemouth

3, Gray's Inn Place, Gray's Inn, London,
E.C.

11, Victoria Terrace, Weymouth
Oakdale, Farquhar Road, Edgbaston

XV11.

Tennant, Major-General
Thomas, Rev. S. Vosper
Thompson, J. Roberts, Esq.,

M.D.
Thompson, Rev. G,

Thurlow, Rev. Alfred R.
Todd, Mrs.
Trew, Rev. C. 0.
Tucker, Mrs.
Turner, W., Esq.
Tweed, Rev. Canon H. E.
Udal, The Hon. J. S.

Ushenvood, Rev. Canon T. E.
Walker, Dr. A. McNammee
Walker, Rev. S. A.
Ward, Rev. J. H.

Warre, Rev. F.
Watson, Rev. C. O.

Watson, Rev. William

Watts, Colonel

Watts, Rev. Canon R. R.,

R.D.

Weaver, Rev. F. W.
Webb, E. Doran, Esq.
Weld-Blundell, H., Esq.
Werninck, Rev. Wynn
West, Rev. G. H., D.D.
Whitby, Joseph, Esq.

White, Dr. Gregory
Willcox, B. A., Esq.
Williams, E. W., Esq.
Williams, Robert, Esq., M.P.
Williams, Mrs.
Wilton, Dr. John Pleydell
Wilton, E. H., Esq.

8, Belvedere, Weymouth

Moxley, Wednesbury, Staffordshire

Monkchester, Bournemouth

Highbury, Bodorgan Road, Bourne-
mouth

Hilton Vicarage, Blandford

Keynston Lodge, Blandford

Alvediston Vicarage, Salisbury

Treverlyn, Weymouth

High Street, Poole

St. John's Villa, Weymouth

c/o Lovell, Son, and Pitfield, 3, Gray's
Inn Square, London

Rossmore, Parkstone

Tower House, Parkstone

Spetisbury Rectory, Blandford

Silverton Rectory, near Cullompton,
Devon

Bemerton, Wilts

The Vicarage, Bothenhampton, near
Bridport

Broadwej, near Ilminster

34A, South Audley Street, London

Stourpaine Rectory, Blandford
Milton Vicarage, Evercreech, Somerset
Mitre House, Salisbury
Lul worth, Wareham
Walditch Vicarage, Bridport
Ascham House, Bournemouth
Frome St. Quentin House, Cattistock,

Dorset

West Knoll, Bournemouth
28, Portman Square, London, W.
Herringaton, Dorset
Bridehead, Dorchester
Bridehead, Dorchester
Pulteney Buildings, Weymouth
Antwerp Villa, Dorchester Road, Wey-
mouth

XV111.

Wordsworth, Rev. Canon Tyneham Rectory, Wareham

Wright, H. E., Esq. Southend House, Wickwar, Gloucester

Wynne, Rev. G. H. Whitechurch Vicarage, Blandford

Yeatman, Mrs. Park Place, Blandford

Young, E. W., Esq. Dorchester

The above list includes the New Members elected in 1895.

JUto Itttmbcvs dkcicl) since the fhibltcntion
of ioi. xbi

The names of the Proposer and Seconder are given in brackets opposite
to the name of the new member. The addresses may be seen in the
general list of members.

DECEMBER ISTH, 1895, DORCHESTER MEETING.

Ba rtl ett,Kev. R .G. {Sonl T^u-fr*

Belben, Robert, Esq . { J; ; fe **

fW, Hawkins, Esq.
Graham, Dr. Geo. |j H Phillips> E ^

, f J. H. Phillips, Esq.,

Sturdy, Leonard, Esq. | Hon Treasu F rei ,

FEBRUARY HTH, 1896, DORCHESTER MEETING.

(Rev. O. M. Ridley
Dundas, Rev. C. L. | A Bankes> Esq .

TT ^ 11 i- n/r T-k fE. Cunnington, Esq.
March, H. Colley, Esq., M.D. { Colonel Co tton '

/H. J. Moule, Esq.
Riccard, Miss | Rev> Q M Ridley

, T v /T. B. Groves, Esq.

Shepheard, T., Esq. | G Galpin, Esq.

, ,.- ? These two members were duly elected,

lucker, Mrs. I ^ ufc ^ Q names O f proposer and secon-

Walker, Dr. McNammee ( der were, unfortunately, not recorded.

fW. Col fox, Esq.
Watson, Rev. C. O. | T A Colfox> ^

MAY 7TH, 1896, ANNUAL MEETING, DORCHESTER.

, T -,-, /H. J. Moule, Esq.

Foster, Charles, J., Esq. | Hon> Treasul . e r

/Colonel Russell
Girdlestone, Mrs. | Rev j Miller

/E. H. Wilton, Esq.
Lattey, Dr. Arthur | E Cunnington, Esq.

Philbrick, His Honour Judge /Sir R. N. Howard
Frederick Adolphus I Hon. Treasurer

fH. J. Moule, Esq.
Prideaux, C. S., Esq. | R Hayne, jun., Esq.

XX.

MAY VTH, 1896, ANNUAL MEETING, DORCHESTER (continued).

n x IMF n/r n/r T* fE. H. Wilton, Esq.

Batchff, Mrs. M. E. { E Cunningto ' n> E 4 sq<

Sivewright, Robert, Esq. { g*^; |; q Adand

Sowter, Rev. F. B. (Ven. Arch- jHon. Treasurer
deacon of Dorset) \ Rev. Sir T. Baker, Bart.

AUGUST 13TH, 1896, BLANDFORD MEETING.

^nrtiq f 1 TT Fsn j"! resident

jSirW. Marriott, Bart,

Haggard, Rev. H. A. | R ^ v '^T WattS

Hart-Dyke, Rev. Canon P. / Captain Carr Glyn

Pn Alfi-Prl r f?an r General Pitt-Rivers

Pass, Alfi 0., Esq. \President

Pond, S., Esq. -f"' reaSUre v

\ P. B. Groves, Esq.

SEPTEMBER DTH, 1896, SWANAGE MEETING.

Filliter Rev W D T G - C. Filliter, Esq.

JF.Filliter, Esq.

Georo-e C E A Fsn /Hon. Secretary

{j. Moorhead, Esq., M.D.

George, Mrs. / ,T,

. Moorhead, Esq., M.T).

Glyn, Rev. F. W. /S^l; ^ R -

\ H. S. Bower, Esq.

Hopkins, Rev. Henry Gordon /}.^- Crespi

tltev. Canon Hart-Dyke

Horsfall, John, Esq., F.S.A. /^ R> ?i]pots, Esq.

1 Captain G. R, Ehves

Phillips, Miss / Rev - T. R. Gorringe

\ Rev. J. H. Lonsdale

Webb, E. Doran. Esq. / Rev ; Sir T - B a-^er, Bart.

I H. J. Motile, Esq.

Willcox, B. A., Esq I J 1011 - Secretary

\ President

NOVEMBER 20TH, 1896, DORCHESTER MEETING.

Shearman, John, Esq. /P n ; Treasurer

1 Sir J. C. Robinson

Sturdy, Philip, Esq. j H. Phillips, Esq.

I Hon. Treasurer

Swift, B. R., Esq. / Rev - J - Miller

( Hon. Treasurer

Yeatman, Mrs. ( Rev ' Canon Watts

IRev. SirT. Baker, Bart.

OF THE

iomt Itatoral Distort)
Jfielb htb

DURING THE SEASON 1895-96

By NELSON M. RICHARDSON, B.A., F.E.S.

THE work of the Club during the season 1895-6 has comprised the
Annual Business Meeting at the County Museum, Dorchester, on
Tuesday, May 14th, 1895 ; a Meeting at Beaulieu, on Monday, June 10th ;
one at Melbury, on Thursday, August 22nd ; one at Gaunt's House and
the neighbourhood of Wimborne, on Tuesday, September 10th ; also two
Indoor Meetings at the County Museum, Dorchester, on Friday, December
13th, 1895, and Tuesday, February llth, 1896.

Volume XVI. of the "Proceedings" was issued in the winter. It
contained a general index to the contents of the first 16 volumes.

THE ANNUAL MEETING, held at the Museum on May 14th, 1895, was
attended by about 35 members, the President being in the chair.

NEW MEMBERS. Five were elected.

PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. The President delivered an address which
will be found at page liii. of Vol. XVI. After referring to the death of
Dr. T. W. Wake Smart and Mr. John Whittaker Hulke, F.R.S., he
finished the review of Ancient Plant-life, commenced in a former address,
and referred to various matters of interest in the county of Dorset and in
general scientific matters. Sir Talbot Baker, having expressed the thanks
of the Club, the

FINANCIAL REPORT was read by the Hon. Treasurer, Rev. 0. P.
Cambridge, as follows :

" This is about the 20th anniversary of the formation of the Club, the
date of which was March, 1875. The first list of members, which was
not printed till two years after the inauguration of the Club, contained
109 names, Of these original members there are 35 remaining, or 3(J

xxn.

counting one who sent in his resignation only a few days ago. This is
a very large number out of 109 to have kept together for 20 years, and it
speaks strongly of the vigour of the Club from the beginning, as well as
of the members. The Club has had but one President during these
20 years, who, I am glad to say, is with us to-day. It has had only
two Treasurers, of whom " your humble servant" is one, and the report
which he is about to present will be his 13th. Three Secretaries it
has had, of whom death deprived it of the first and departure from
these latitudes of the second. I sincerely hope and it is a hope
which I am sure is shared by every member of the club that it
will be long before any cause deprives them of the third. The
membership of the Club has shown a steady growth. In 1894 we had
an effective list of 231 members after deducting losses by death and re-
signation. After making similar deductions we have now 313 members.
The resignations have been numerous during the last year. Since the
publication of Volume XV. eleven have resigned ; seven could no longer
be considered members because they were somewhat contumacious in the
matter of sending in the " sinews of war," and six have died. But though
by a kind of increasing centrifugal force the Club has thrown off a good
many atoms, yet it had a great amount of internal heat, which will
attract at least sufficient matter to replace the lost atoms. As regards
the accounts for the year 1894-95 the balance from the previous
year was 16 19s. 4d, By subscriptions and arrears up to May
8th last the sum received is 119 16s. 6d., and by sale of former
" Proceedings" 15 Os. 6d. Thus the receipts altogether amounted to
151 16s. 4d. On the expenditure side the payments to various
engravers for plates for the volume of " Proceedings " have been very
heavy, a great deal more than the year before. The total amount paid
for plates is about 45. Another reason why the expenses this year
have been heavier is that the volume of the " Proceedings " is rather
larger than Volume XIV., and 350 copies have been printed instead of
325. Next year we shall probably have to content ourselves with a less
profuse volitme."

The accounts were handed round for inspection and passed.

REPORT ON THE ADDITIONS TO THE MUSEUM DURING THE PAST
YEAR. The following report was read by the Curator, Mr. II. J.
Moule :

"Beginning, as on former occasions, with such acquisitions as do not
belong to Dorset, this notice should record the gift of several volumes of
Proceedings of various antiquarian and other societies, containing many
valuable articles. For instance, the Field Club has given the volumes

XX111.

issued for last year by the Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, by the Hants
and Warwickshire Field Clubs, and by the British Association. Again,
Mr. Bastick presented Vol. XXXV. of Sussex Arch.ieological Collections,'
and Dr. Miles, of Rome, Vol. II., No. 4 of the Journal of the
Archaeological Society of that city, containing very important papers.
We have also received several of the gifts for which we annually have to
thank the trustees of the British Museum namely, certain numbers of
their splendid catalogues and monographs. Another valuable gift which
may here be fitly notified consists of all the 12 volumes of the first series
and the first five volumes of the second series of Notes and Queries.
This gift, with not a few other books, came from Miss Ashley and
Madame de Satge. Now we are eagerly wishing for the advent of some
other kind friend who may be moved to fill up the hiatus in our series
between 1857, the date of the last complete early volume, and 1886, with
which year our recent series begins. Of other books, we may here name
the Parallel Bible, giving the authorised and revised versions side by side,
and a volume containing selections from Holy Scripture. This also is a
parallel edition, but here the versions are Korean and Chinese. These
books were given by Mr. Hansford and the Right Rev. Bishop Moule
respectively. The latter has also given a photograph of the great tidal
bore in the Tsien-Tang river below Hangchow. In this category there
should be a record of the gift of the History of Dorchester, America, by
Dr. Gushing, of that town, or rather of that suburb of Boston, Mr.
Bastick has given ten large engravings of Roman antiquities, and Mr. A.
Bankes has lent a Russian railway guide for England. Gifts and loans
to the Museum itself, and not connected with Dorset, have not been
many. It may suffice to mention the following : A large globe fish from
Miss Ashley and Madame de Satge, a young alligator from Mr. Whitby,
a gavial lent by the Rev. E. P. Cambridge, an African straw hat of
wonderful size from Mr. Beavis, and several things from British Guiana
given by the Rev. 0. A. Hodgson. We turn now to gifts, &c., relating to
Dorset, and, as in the former section, we begin with the library, although
there is here little to record. First and foremost, we must name Vol. XV.
of the Proceedings of the Dorset Field Club and Mr. Mansel-Pleydell's
Flora of Dorset, second edition, presented respectively by the club and by
the President thereof. Next we would record four acquisitions specially
relating to burgesses of Dorchester. Taking them in order of date, the
first is a book called " The Way to the Tree of Life." This is a treatise
on the reading of the Holy Bible, written by the Rev. J. White, rector
of Holy Trinity and St. Peter's here, and a leading Puritan. The copy
in question is a well-bound one, and was bought both on account of its

XXIV.

Dorchester origin and also because in the Epistle Dedicatory there is an
interesting touch or two of borough history. Secondly, there is a broad-
side in memory of Samuel Gould, a bookseller and "character" of
Dorchester in the last century. This broadside was given by Mr. Stone,
to whom the Museum library has been indebted more than once
before. Thirdly, the author, Mr. Keats, has given a copy of "The
Writing and Recollection of a Durnovarian." He has always been
an enthusiastic musician, and his "recollections" connected with
music are very interesting. Lastly, we have to thank Sir R. Edgcumbe
for " Family Records," quite a triumph of long and persevering research
and of full illustration. The trustees of and subscribers to the Corfe
Castle Museum have given the Minute Book of the Purbeck Society.
This is very valuable as a record of that active precursor of the Field
Club. From Mr. Mansel-Pleydell we have received a copy of the Act
of Parliament for re-building Blandford after the great fire there in 1731.
The Rev. J. Lewis has given his essay on Great Toller font. We
close this list of printings and writings with a very interesting paper.
This was given by Mr. Pentin and is a certificate signed by Sir T. Hardy
on board H.M.S. Victory. Now follows the last section of 'this report,
namely, that relating to Dorset acquisitions in the Museum itself, and
firstly those connected with natural history. We give precedence to
a small jet black bird killed at Affpuddle and presented by Mr.
Kindersley. It has puzzled our local ornithologists, but has been
pronounced by the S. Kensington Museum Nat. Hist. Authorities to be
a specimen of the S. American Cow-bird, doubtless escaped from a
cage. Another series of valuable gifts consists of many moths and
butterflies, mostly taken in Dorset. And this leads to a word
of gratitude to the Secretary and Mrs. Richardson for their generous
bestowal of many specimens for the enrichment of the entomological
collection, and also of untiring and most skilful labour in arrang-
ing these specimens and others so kindly given by the Treasurer,
by Mr. Percy Bright, and by Mr. Forsyth. The Treasurer has
presented specimens of Eriophorum lati folium, a scarce cotton-grass
and of a common thistle strangely mal-formed. From Mr. Cunnington
we have received an egg case of Raia mucronata, the Sting Ray, and
also some excellent specimens of Gryyhcea dilatata. Dr. Macdonald has
given a fine Ventriculites. This leads to the great event of the year
relating to fossils, as regards quantity, not to mention quality. It is the
acquisition through gift by the trustees of and subscribers to the Corfe
Castle Museum of the fossils collected there. These number several
hundreds, are mostly from the Purbeck formation, and some of them are

XXV.

of great value. There are, foi instance, two natural casts of the footmarks
of a Deinosaurian, probably the Iguanodon. Such marks are common in
the Wealden, and are well known in the Kimmeridge clay. But the
President thinks that it is most rare, if not quite new, to find them, as
these are, in the Purbeck strata. There are also several very good fossil
turtles and fishes. All these are now awaiting both a new case now in
hand and also the guidance of an expert in sorting out the best specimens.
Then arrangement can be taken up. This will probably lead to overhaul-
ing most of the Dorset fossils in the Museum, a very serious task. In now
passing to Dorset antiquities we may fitly begin with those which have
come from the donors last mentioned. Perhaps the best is a large
mediaeval key, from Swanage. A woodcut of it is in the Purbeck papers.
Then there are besides a very large number of the Kimmeridge coal discs ;
a shallow lamp, as it seems to be, of the same material ; and a piece of the
coal apparently intended to be formed into a similar lamp. This is believed
to be a very rare, as it also would appear to be a most unlikely use of this
material. Another Corfe Castle gift is a four-hour glass. This is the one
used for timing the watches on board the Halsewell, East Indiaman. She
was wrecked off Purbeck 109 years ago ; and, wonderful to say, this glass
was washed ashore quite unhurt and is now in working order. But it is
time to speak of a much older antique and one in which the Field Club has
special interest. This is the burial urn found by Mr. Cunnington in a
barrow on Blackdown, belonging to Mrs. Manfield. This lady kindly
allowed digging to be carried on in connection with the Club Meeting in
August, 1894. Another excavation by Mr. Cunnington in a barrow at
Culliford Tree produced a portion of a curious urn, which he presented to
the Museum. From the same good friend we have received five Roman
stone tiles found by him at the house site in Charminster parish. We
have bought what seems to be a Roman urn cover. It was found in
Salisbury Field. Mr. Hogg has given three Roman javelin heads and
other things, the only portion here of the remarkable find at Stoke
Abbot. By gift and purchase Ve have obtained a few Roman coins, but
none of any special rarity, we believe. The best coin acquired during
the year is a noble of Edward IV., found near Puddletown, and bought
a few weeks ago. Mr. Cree has given what seems to be a manacle
chain, found at Owermoigne Court House, where doubtless cases were
heard before the Lord of the Manor. From the same gentleman we
have just received two urns from a barrow on his property. They have
been skilfully repaired by Mr. Cunnington. The last item to be named,
and by no means the least interesting, now comes to be recorded. This
is a small model of the timbers of the sloop Gazelle, the first vessel on

XXVI.

board which Sir T. Hardy served. The model belonged to him, and is
said to have been made with his own hands. For this gift we are
indebted to Mrs. Whittle. We now close this report, the report of a year
wherein the Museum has grown greatly richer in fossils, but which has
not brought very many antiquities into our cases. That reminds us to
say, as a last word, that Mr. Bankes' newly-designed cases are a success,
and afford room for many more Dorset antiques, which surely ought
rightly to find their way to the Dorset Museum."

ELECTION OF OFFICERS. On the proposal of Mr. G. W. Floyer,
seconded by Mr. G. Mayo, Mr. Mansel-Pleydell was re-elected President-
It was proposed by Rev. J. S. Cope and seconded by Mr. E. Cunnington
that llev. O. P. Cambridge be re-appointed Hon. Treasurer ; and proposed
by Mr. A. Pope and seconded by Mr. A. Galpin that Mr. N. M. Richard-
son be re-elected Hon. Secretary. These propositions were unanimously
carried.

SUMMER MEETINGS. No less than eight different places were proposed
for the summer meetings, from which were selected the following for
settlement by ballot. The number of votes received by each is appended :
Blandford, 22 ; Beaulieii, 21 ; Melbury, 21 ; Wimborne, 19 ; Salisbury,
IS ; Crewkerne, 2. The first four were therefore chosen. The meeting
at Blandford, at which it was proposed to open a long barrow and for
which the Club had received an invitation to tea from Sir William and
Lady Smith-Marriott, had eventually from several causes to be postponed
until 1896. An invitation from Sir R. and Lady Glyn to lunch at Gaunt's
House on the occasion of the meeting at Wiir> borne was accepted.

EXHIBITS AND NOTES. BY MR. T. B. GROVES :

(i.) Nodules of sand agglutinated by means of Pet-oxide of Iron,
found imbedded in the face of a sandpit at Higher Longfleet, near
Poole.

BY MR. E. CUNNINGTON :

(ii.) A plant of Dianthus armeria from Dorset, growing in a pot.
The President observed that this was the only Dorset representative of
the genus.

(iii.) Two urns, one containing bones, from a barrow near Ower-
moigne, repaired by Mr. Cunnington and presented to the Museum by
Mr. W. Cree.

(iv.) An incense cup and ends of stag horns, from a secondary
interment in a barrow opened by Mr, Cunnington and Rev. H. J. U.
Charlton, at Culliford Tree, on October 15th last. Three feet from the
apex they found a large cremation in a kind of oval cyst two feet long,
surrounded by stones. The stag horns were at the east and the incense

XXVll.

cup at the west end. A large skeleton, constituting the primary
interment, was found at a depth of seven feet.

(v.) Remains found in excavations on Hambledon Hill, in October,
1894, consisting of a few fragments of a large imported quern, Roman black
pottery, an iron spear-head and falx or knife with two rivets on it for
fastening it to its handle. (See Vol. XVI., p. 157.)
BY MR. H. J. MOULE :

(vi.) A certificate about stores. It was written on board H.M.S.
Victory and is signed by Sir T. Hardy, April 27th, 1805.

(vii.) A small model of the timbering of H.M. Sloop Gazelle, the
first vessel in which Sir T. Hardy served. This model belonged to him,
and is said to have been made by his own hands.
BY THE HON. TREASURER :

(viii.) Photograph shewing the effect of a flash of lightning on an
oak, which it split up in an extraordinary way.
BY REV. SIR T. BAKER :

(ix.) (A fragment of) a round disc of stone about 4in. in diameter
shaped like a quoit with a ball in the middle. From the plains of the
Libyan desert, Thebes.

PAPER ON HAMBLEDON AND HODD HILLS, by E. CUNNINGTON. This
consisted of an account of Mr. Cunnington's explorations in October last,
and formed an addition to his paper read September 6th, 1894, at the
Ranston meeting. It has been incorporated with that paper and the
whole printed at p. 156 of Vol. XVI.

BEAULIEU MEETING. The first outdoor meeting of the Club was held
in the New Forest, and was attended by about 60 members, who were
fortunate in having a very fine day for the excursion. The President being
absent his place was taken by Rev. O. P. Cambridge. Reaching Brocken-
hurst at 10.45 a.m. the party walked to the church, where Rev. R. VV.
Pain, the Vicar, read a short paper and pointed out its chief features,
including the early English chancel, the Norman archway on the south
side, and the font, of black Purbeck marble, probably Norman, with a
very large water receptacle. There is an imitation of this font in Win-
chester Cathedral. On the south side of the church is what is said to be
an Easter Sepulchre, which Captain Elwes suggested might be an ancient
tomb, perhaps that of the Founder. This Easter Sepulchre is the only
one in England situated on the south side of the church, except one at
Milford or Milton, a neighbouring parish. This is also the only church
now within the Forest, mentioned in Domesday. The church, like all
others in the Forest, is placed on a mound, and the brick spire forms a

XXV111.

useful land mark. The register dates from 1629. In the churchyard
are a fine oak, now dead, and a large yew 15ft. in circumference.
The party then drove via Lyndhurst (Avhich was visited by the Club
on July 20th, 1892. Proc. XIV., xxv.) to Beaulieu, passing through
some fine forest scenery on the way to Tyyndhursr, the road thence to
Beaulieu being less wooded and more bounded by heaths and bogs
until Beaulieu itself is approached, the narrow little stream that runs
through Matley bog having become a broad river by the time it reaches
Beaulieu.

The party here left the breaks and proceeded to St. Bartholomew's,
once the Refectory of the Abbey, but now the Parish Church. At the
intersection of the ribs of the waggon roof are curious carvings represent-
ing Abbots' heads, angels with shields, the arms of the Abbey, a woman's
head-dress of the 13th century, a crozier with date 1204, a carved head
with crown (supposed to represent Richard, King of the Romans), &c.
The north door has the original iron scroll work. The fine old pulpit,
which projects from the wall, is of stone, much ornamented, and
approached by a passage in the wall, the arches opening into which are
supported by pillars of black Purbeck marble.

After a cursory view of the ruins the members assembled in the
" Cloister Garth," where Captain Ehves gave a short account of the plan
and life of a mediaeval monastery, observing that he was greatly
indebted to Dr. Jessop, the leading authority upon this subject, with
whom he had been in correspondence, and whose interesting book, " The
Coming of the Friars," was worthy of the writer's great reputation, and
formed the basis of the following remarks. Continuing, Captain Elwes
called attention to a curious freak of etymology and observed that the
names "monk" and "monastery" suggested to the popular mind
certain ideas which were the very reverse of the true meanings of those
words. A monk or " monachus " properly denotes a man living entirely
alone, as an anchorite or hermit ; and his dwelling was called from him a
" monasterium," a word which in its contracted form of "minster"
forms part of so many place names in Dorset, an indication perhaps that
the Dorset Christians of early Saxon times enjoyed some lingering
reflexion of the " Pax Romana," as the belt of infertile country, where
the two counties now meet, would have tended to discourage the heathen
raiders from further advance. More commonly in England, and abroad
the would-be "solitaries" endeavoured to secure the peace and seclusion
essential to their view of the duties of life by combining in companies
and erecting for themselves substantial and sometimes fortified buildings
suited to those troubled times, and thus the system of monastic life

XXIX.

originated, resulting ultimately in the establishment of many stately
monasteries, of which Beaulieu was so fine an example.

It was clear, however, that although the circumstances of the two modes
of life were different, the intention was the same in both cases, for the
early anchorites and the later monks shared the firm conviction that the
recluse life was the only ark of refuge in a world submerged in vice and
wrong^and misery. " Come out from among them and be'yc separate "
was to them a mandate claiming literal and absolute obedience and
forming the fundamental rule of their corporate existence. This
dominant tenet of the Monastic Orders was strenuously impugned both
by the parish clergy and by the brotherhoods of itinerant preachers called
Friars, whose work as evangelisers was necessarily in opposition to this
theory of monasticism. Many and bitter were the controversies arising
from this difference ; its consequences were witnessed in Dorset when
in a struggle between these theological combatants the Abbey Church of
Sherborne was burnt down.

If it is asked what elevating influence intervened to prevent the
corporate exclusiveness of monasticism from deteriorating into individual
apathy, sloth, and egotism, the answer is to be found in the existence of
the minster church ; this was the heart, the vivifying organ of the
conventual body; for this each member worked and lived : the carving and
painting as well as the structural work gave occupation to many of the
brothers, while other brethren wrote out and illuminated the service
books, made the vestments and embroidered them with gold and silver
thread drawn out probably within the walls. A rich abbey was perhaps
the most perfect development of the co-operative principle that the
world has ever seen ; the gardeners, millers, ploughmen, dairymen,
bakers, cooks, all brothers of the house, fed their brethren the tailors,
the weavers, the seamsters, the cordwainers, who clothed the sculptors,
the decorators, the goldsmiths, who probably all worked in their several
bays of this cloister for the ultimate object of beautifying and adding
renown to the sacred building, that was to all alike, from the mitred
abbot to the humblest lay brother, the only recognised and legitimate
tangible object of their affections, as well as the heart and motive of
their corporate life. The next in importance of the abbey buildings were
the cloisters ; here were the various workshops of the artificers. In one
bay the wood-carver might be shaping a " Miserere " with one of those
grotesque designs of a hunting scene or a domestic quarrel, such as one
may often see outside quaint resting places and commemorating perhaps
an incident of then recent date. In another bay a weaver works at his
loom, and in the corner, where the traffic is least, the schoolmaster is

XXX.

training the boys of the choir to pronounce the Latin Psalms. In front
of them all was the venerated plot of ground called the Cloister Garth,
made in some instances of soil from the Holy Land, in which some of
them might hope for the distinction of being laid to rest.

This open air cloister life in common was the rule in most of the Orders
that flourished in England, for though the Carthusians endeavoured to
introduce the separate system of working in cells the custom did not
spread, and that Order did not meet with general support ; and their
rules seem to have been thought too rigid for the English temperament
or unsuitable to the English climate.

The Cistercian Order, to which the Abbey of Beaulieu belonged, was a
reformed branch of the great Benedictine Order, and was founded by John
Harding, once a monk of Sherborne Abbey, and therefore probably a
native of Dorset, who migrated thence to Citeaux, in Normandy, where
he eventually became abbot and introduced reforms of such important
character as to constitute a new Orde-r, called the Cistercian from its
birthplace, Citeaux. The founder aimed at attaining to greater
simplicity of life and habits, and he instituted the practice of keeping
silence at meals while one of the brothers read aloud from the " Acts of
the Saints " or other devotional volumes in order to discourage frivolous
conversation and excess. Evidence of this custom is seen here in the
beautiful pulpit of the refectory, now used as the parish church, a perfect
specimen of Early English architecture.

It was symbolical of the monastic attitude towards the world at large
that this entrance to the cloister lay only through the church
excepting one narrow and. tortuous passage between the south transept
and the chapter house called the slype ; this led usually only to the
orchard and outhouses of the monastery and not beyond the walls. The
slype was generally open to the sky as at Beaulieu, and served to isolate
the church in the event of an outbreak ot fire, but sometimes the
infirmary extended over the slype and abutted on the south transept so
as to permit a dying brother to be wheeled in his truckle (from truculi
castors) bed to the south window of the transept and witness from there
the elevation of the host. Southward of the slype stood the chapter
house, where on ordinary days after matins the prior or sub-prior
respectively the third and fourth dignitary of the abbey held his levee,
abating and hearing grievances, receiving reports of work done, noting
applications for fresh materials, and allotting these demands to the
proper functionaries. For it may be observed that as the prior himself
undertook the supply of vellum to the Scriptorium so every senior and
trustworthy brother had his special office assigned to him. The brewster,

XXXI.

the warrener, the fish steward, the vintager, the poulterer, the common
cellarer, the abbot's cellarer, the manciple, and the pantler were but a
few of the almost numberless officials that John Harding with his Dorset
shrewdness had instituted in his household, and thus knitted his society
skilfully together by giving to each member a share in its administration.
The chapter house was occasionally the scene of more important
conclaves when, for instance, the abbot took counsel with the whole
convent upon matters affecting the entire body.

It is commonly supposed that the words convent and monastery denote
similar buildings used by different sexes, that convent signiiies a nunnery
and monastery an establishment for men. This, however, is not the
case, strictly speaking. " Monasterium " means" a religious house ;
Convent, on the other hand, means the collective body of either sex
inhabiting the building in question.

Proceeding still southward along the east cloisters we come next to the
abbot's parlour, where he or his "vicegerent" supervised the accounts
and reports and considered the questions that might be too weighty for the
prior to handle, and here grave statements might be examined in camera.
Next comes the exchequer office, where the business of the steward lies
in seeing and noting the rude tallies on slips of wood or bark that
represented the account-books of the Middle Ages. Overhead was the
monks' dormitory, extending from the chapter house the whole length of
the east cloister, while below the southern part of it and in the corner of
the east cloister was the monks' lavatory, and near it the entrance to the
" calefactory " or convalescent ward, where each monk was expected to
rest and recover his strength after the periodical bleeding, which they
were each obliged to undergo.

We now turn the corner and enter the south cloister ; this is occupied
by the refectory, almost exclusively, with the kitchen probably alongside
of it.

The existing building stands almost unaltered, as it has stood for
six centuries, the desk of the reader forming the pulpit since the refectory
was taken into use as the parish church in Edward VI. 's reign.

On the south also was probably the scriptorium and library, but the
ruins appear to have been altered, and identification is here very difficult.

The west cloister is backed by a wall separating it from the ambula-
tory and from the house of the lay brothers, which forms the west side of
the quadrangle, and part of which was reserved as a guest house on the
upper floor, while below the guest's horses were probably stabled.

We now arrive again at the south wall of the church, having completed
our circuit of the ** Cloister Garth*"

XXX11.

The time was when all these buildings, in the height of their mature
beauty, were at best but as a curtain before a priceless picture, but now
the picture has disappeared, and we may still admire the texture of the
veil, but that alone is left, the glorious work of art that represented cen-
turies of human work and interest having entirely perished. The splendid
church, surpassing in size and dignity many cathedrals, has followed its
builders to the grave. One cannot help feeling it to be something of a
disgrace to the reputed enlightenment of the Reformation period that
this and so many other stately and monumental edifices should have
been suffered to disappear without an effort to save them ; but if we
accept DV. Jessop's statement of monastic philosophy and few can be
better qualified to form an opinion we see that the monks' self-centred
view of life, with their exclusive devotion to their own minster and to
their own order, had long been an anachronism. The time had been
when each Monastery was an isolated torch of religious life and morals ;
when the flickering flame of Christianity needed the shelter of monastic
walls ; but that time had long gone by, and when Pope Innocent III.
gave his approval to the new Franciscan Order of preaching friars, he
recognised the altered condition of society, and introduced a new factor
into religious life that soon proved to be actively antagonistic to the
older system. On the other hand these isolated unfructifying spores
were totally out of harmony with the now accepted idea of a national
commonwealth, and the rapid material dissolution that overtook these
noble buildings seems to show that in the minds of the people at large
they inspired neither veneration nor sympathy. Still we owe much to
these crumbling heaps of masonry, and their aspect of dignified decay has
elevated our conception of the once ignoble term " ruin " into a
suggestion of beauty and romance.

The thanks of the Club having been offered to Captain Elwes he in-
troduced Mr. W. J. C. Moens, of Tweed, near Lymington, asking him to
give some further account of the Abbey,

Mr. Moens said Captain Elwes had spoken to them on the general
historical features of monasticism in relation to the Abbey, and with
their permission he would address himself more particularly to the history
of the foundation of the Abbey, and the grants connected with it. He
first of all directed the attention of the members to the north and north-
west of the church, where the old northern wall of the Abbey was still
standing, and to the north where were to be seen the ruins of a barn and
the Abbey brewhouse or monk's winepress. The site of the Abbey
market place was still distinguishable in the village, and was known by
the name of Cheapside. Other interesting features were the three Early

xxxiii.

English arches, by which access was obtained to the chapter house, and
north of the chapter house was the sacristy ; south-east of the cloisters
was the entrance to the washing place of the monks, and to the west was
the range of buildings, the lower part of which was called the cellars and
the upper the dormitory. The principal feature of the buildings remain-
ing was the refectory, now the parish church of St. Bartholomew, in which
was a most interesting 13th century pulpit, with staircase and Purbeck
marble shafts, and at Rievaulx, to the south of the refectory, was a
similar pulpit. The refectory was restored in the first half of last
century, and the buttress, which was so prominent an object, was put up
in 1743, which date it bore. The escutcheon was that of William of
Wykeham, two chevrons between two roses. The bell was mentioned in
an account of the Abbey written in 1648. The Abbot's house was re-
built by Lord Montagu 16 years ago, and the remains were enclosed.
Before that there were to be seen remains of the Abbot's dwelling and
the large entrance through which horses and carriages drove in. It was
a great feature before the restoration, and he was glad to say he was able
to take a number of photographs of it. The first appropriation of land
in this part of the Forest was in the 12th century, and immediately after
this the Cistercians obtained the grant of a site for an Abbey, and in
1245 the limits of the grant were defined. On March 15th King Henry,
son of John, for the benefit of his father's soul, ordered his warden of the
equiscium, or herd of ponies (New Foresters) to give until November,
1220, all the profits of the same to the monks of Beaulieu. Mr. Moens
incidentally alluded to the efforts that were now being made to keep up
the breed of ponies in the New Forest. He had no doubt a great many
of them went into Dorsetshire, and he ventured to hope that they would
obtain support from that county in their efforts. In 1206 a tun of wine
from the king's prisage at Southampton was given for sacramental
purposes, and in 1207 three teams of oxen ; in 1213 100 acres of moor for
pasture land to be chosen where the monks desired. Mr. Moens mentioned
that with regard to the rights of forestage, they were of very ancient
origin, having existed certainly in Saxon times under tlie name of
"the six hundreds." It was undoubtedly afforested by William the
Conqueror, but the rights existed before his time. In 1214 a prior was
elected in the presence of the Abbots of St. Mary, Carlisle, Beaulieu, and
others, including William de Cantilupe, of whom the present Earl Dela-
warr, who lived not far off, was a descendant. In 1219 more forest land
was given, and in 1222 a charter of common of pasture in the New Forest.
On August 17th, 1223, was granted a charter for free pasturage in the New
Forest for beasts and sheep as the monks had enjoyed in King John's

XXXIV.

time. In 1234 the King granted to the Abbot of Beaulieu to hold in
mortmain one ploughland of 100 acres in the bailiwick of Richard Foillet
in the New Forest. In 1238 forest privileges were confirmed, and to be
taken as including right of common pasture all through the year, for all
live stock except goats in the Forest ; also rights of the wreck and waif,
liberty of chase within their precincts, also turbary and bruery. In 1246,
on June 23rd, the Abbey Church of Beaulieu Regis was consecrated with
great pomp by William de Raleigh, Bishop of Winchester. Other grants
were made, such as Ipley (from William Hippeley), and the charter of a
weekly market within the Abbey close. Sanctuary rights were granted
at Beaulieu by Innocent III. The value of the Abbey just before the
Suppression was 428 6s. 8d., and reprisals from the church 101 10s. 5d.
The seal of the Abbey was affixed to the deed of surrender on April 2nd,
1538, and bore the common representation of the Virgin and child canopied
with figures in adoration on either side also under canopies. Below was
an escutcheon bearing the Abbey coat of arms, which had been revived by
the Bishop of Newcastle (some time perpetual curate of Beaulieu) in the
bearings of his colonial See. Mr. Moens said it was important to
remember, in view of any possible diversion of the tithes, which heaven
keep them from, that when the country gave them up they were
sold and full value received. The full market price was received
for the great tithes, and the small tithes were those left for
the maintenance of the parsons and vicars for public worship. It
was therefore monstrous to say, as many of their Nonconformist friends
did, that the tithes were ever given to the Church by Act of
Parliament. In 1538 Beaulieu Manor was granted to Thomas Wriothesley,
and James I. confirmed this grant in 1607-8, and added the gift of the
rectory and patronage of its curacy, also all the old Abbatial rights of
jurisdiction at Beaulieu. From the Southampton family Beaulieu passed
by marriage to Ralph Lord Montagu, and thence through Lady
Beaulieu and her sister the Duchess of Buccleugh to the Buccleugh family.
In about 1856 by family arrangement it passed to Lord Henry Scott,
second son of the late Duke of Buccleugh, now Lord Montagu of Beaulieu.
Captain Elwes then conducted the party over the beautiful and interest-
ing ruins, pointing out the domus conversorum on the western side of the
beautif ully-arcaded cloisters, the dormitory, the ambulatory, the existing
portion of which is used as a museum, and other features of interest.
The dormitory is in fairly good preservation, and even some of the old
paving tiles remain. Passing out of the fine arched doorway in the north
end wall of the cloisters, the members were taken to the site of the Abbey
Church itself, where the foundations have been clearly defined, and show

XXXV.

in detail the once noble proportions of the edifice. The guest room has
many interesting relics, including a selection of the ancient paving tiles,
a number of articles which have been recovered from the ruins, and three
tombstones, two of which were of the two wives of the Earl of Cornwall,
and one of the sister of Eleanor, the Queen of Henry III. Another
stone, that of a former monk, who was afterwards abbot of Nuneham, is
supposed to be dated between 1260 and 1300.

The members were then shown over Lord Montagu's house, some
portions of which were parts of the old building, after which, rejoining
the breaks, they drove direct to Brockenhurst. Tea was provided at the
Morant Arms, and the party left by the 6.12 p.m. train.

NEW MEMBERS. Three were elected.

JULY MEETING. The meeting which it had been proposed to hold at
Blandford in this month was unavoidably postponed until 1896.

MELBURY AND EVERSIIOT MEETING. This Meeting was held on
Thursday, August 22nd, and, the weather being favourable, proved a
very pleasant one.

The party, numbering about 100, reached Eveishot Station by the
train leaving Dorchester at 10.34 a.m., which was stopped there for them
to alight, and were met by Mr. S. R. Baskett, who acted as guide during
the greater part of the day, and conducted them to Spring Pond, the
source of the Yeovil water supply.

On the way, at the railway bridge, Mr. Baskett pointed out a curious
field filled with pits, and said there were a great many theories as to
their cause. Some people said the field was the site of a
Britisb village, but he did not know how that was made out. Another
theory was that the Romans came to this field and burnt chalk there to
make lime for the building of Dorchester. This theory Mr. Baskett
described as funny, but he pointed out, as a curious fact, that there
existed a branch Roman road which led off from the main Roman road
running from Dorchester, through Yeovil, to Ilchester, right up to this
field and could not be traced beyond it ; anyway, so he was informed by a
farmer who occupied for many years the farm in which the field was situ-
ated. The farm itself was called Horchester, and was doubtless an old
Roman station. Another curious thing was that the field immediately
below the one they were considering was called " Flowers Bottom," and
they would remember that "Flowers," according to Mr. Warne's theory
of " Flowers Barrow," was a corruption of Florus. The farmer told him
(Mr, Baskett) that while making excavations of the chalk he found the

XXXVI.

remains of charred stick at the bottom of some of the pits, as if chalk
had been burnt with wood. He gave the facts and traditions simply for
what they were worth, but they appeared to him to be of interest.

The river Yeo had its source under the bridge upon which they were
standing, whilst the principal source of the Frome was at St. John's Well,
Evershot, but water ran within a few yards of the bridge to the Frome.
With reference to the question as to what the name of the place was, he
said that the names given by Hutchins were Ailwell and Caldwell, the
derivation of which he did not know. Holywell was probably only a
corruption of Oily- well, there being a tradition of a pond there being at
times coated with an oily substance.

The party then proceeded to Spring Pond, which is prettily situated in
a wooded depression, and was fed originally by seven springs, which were
reduced to three by the making of the railway tunnel. The pond and
plantations were probably at one time a portion of the grounds of Wool-
combe House, now almost entirely pulled down.

The HON. SECRETARY read the following valuable geological notes
communicated by Mr. A. J. Jukes-Browne, F.G.S. : The country south
of Mel bury Park consists mainly of upper greensand resting on the Oxford
clay and capped by long promontories of chalk. It is possible that a
diminutive representative of the gault occurs at the base of the green-
sand ; but in the absence of any clear section at the junction it is very
difficult to say whether gault is present or absent. If present it would
be a dark-grey micaceous clay with patches and seams of dark-green
glauconite grains. The discovery of such a bed in the neighbourhood
would be interesting. It certainly occurs near Minterne. The thickness
of the upper greensand is probably from 60 to 70 feet. That of the lower
chalk is from 80 to 100 feet, and the middle chalk will be found on the
higher parts of the hills. The junction of the greensand and chalk can
be seen very clearly in a quarry by Pvock-lane, north-east of Evershot, the
beds here shown being :

Ft.
Chalk full of glauconite grains and having a layer of

phosphatic nodules, at the base of which are many

fossils ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 2J

Hard calcareous sandstone with Pecten asper and a bed

of Exogyra at the base 5

Sand and stone passing down into greenish sand, few

fossils 8

Total ... ... ... 151

XXXV11.

The same junction is also seen in a small quarry on the west side
of Stutcombe Bottom, and again by the side of the path 300 yards
north of Newcombe Wood Dairy. The lower chalk is exposed in
several places, and is mostly a firm blocky greyish-white chalk without
anything that can be called chalk marl in the lower part. There are few
fossils in it, but it sometimes contains siliceous concretions like flints.
At or near the top there is generally a bed of soft grey marl which con-
tains Belemnitella plena, and hence is known as Belemnite marl.
Whether this is exposed near Evershot I do not know. Above this marl
the chalk is harder, and at a varying distance passes up into hard
nodular rocky chalk, which seems to be the equivalent of the Mel-
bourn Rock of more northern counties, and forms the base of the
middle chalk. Rock of this nature is said to occur at the top of the
road cutting about half-a-mile north of Evershot station. On the
same hill and towards Bubb Down there are small patches of flint
gravel and clay with flints, which are interesting as being remnants
of the old plateau out of which all the existing physical features of the
county have been carved by the erosive action of rain, frost, and running
water.

On leaving the Spring Pond Mr, E. CuNNiNGTON read some notes on
the neighbourhood and said that in the south-west corner of the park
was a curious depression, where a stream of water was thrown out at the
base of the greensand. It was shut in on two sides by abruptly-rising
ground composed of the sand and chalk above, which seemed to have been
constantly shaling off and filling the depression for ages past. He found
amongst the debris a tooth of a horse and a very old celt, which he
produced for inspection. The ground had since been altered and a pond
made there. From the park on the south might be seen the Castle Hill,
rising from the centre of one of Nature's finest amphitheatres, the view
from which was enchanting. From small excavations made on the hill and
from enquiries, he was led to believe that a Norman castle crowned the
apex of the hill. It was built of forest marble from a quarry near, and he
was informed that a former lord of the manor took the whole of the
ruins to build a farmhouse near. Several coins were found, but he had
not been able to trace them. At Rampisham, about a mile and a-half
from Evershot, a Roman tesselated pavement was found on the common
in 1799. " When discovered it was in a very perfect state, but it was
afterwards broken by ignorant neighbours from an idea that treasure
lay concealed beneath it." In Benville Lane in the same parish he
found in one of the " pot holes " the large heavy flint implement which
he brought for their inspection.

XXXV111.

The party then divided, a few going under the escort of Rev. C. R.
Baskett to Melbury Bubb Church, where there is an interesting Saxon
font and some fine stained glass. The rest walked through the park to
Melbury House, part of which the Earl of Ilchester, who had written to
the Hon. Secretary regretting that he and Lady Ilchester would be
unable to be present to welcome the Club, had kindly thrown open on
the occasion of their visit. The many beautiful and curious tapestries,
pictures, carvings, and other articles of virtu were of great interest and
much appreciated by those present. After seeing also the Church of
Melbury Samford, close by, the members walked through the park to
Evershot Church, where they were met by Rev. P. H. Milne, the
Rector, who read a paper on the Church, which will be found in full at
p. 64 of the present volume.

After an inspection of the church, the party were hospitably entertained
with tea by Mr. S. R. Baskett, who also exhibited a collection of local
fossils, &c., and walking or driving to Evershot station, left by the
5.21 and 6.11 trains.

WIMBORNE MEETING. The third and last Summer Meeting was
held on Tuesday, September 10th, at Wimborne and the neighbourhood
to the north of that town, and, owing to the important ceremony which
took place after luncheon at Gaunt's House, was one which deserves
especial record in the annals of the Club. A full account (extracted
from the Dorset County Chronicle of September 12th, 1395), of the
presentation of a silver bowl to Mr. J. C. Mansel-Pleydell, who had
been the President since the Club's formation in 1875, has already been
published on page xlvii. of Vol. XVI. of the Proceedings, and need not
here be more than referred to.

More than 100 attended the meeting arid met at Wimborne station at
9.45 a.m., whence they drove to the Church of Gussage St. Michael and
thence to the neighbouring Church of Gussage All Saints. On both of
these Churches papers were read by Rev. Sir TALBOT H. B. BAKER, with
an additional note on the bells of the latter by the Rector, Rev. W. H.
STENT. These papers will be found in the present volume, as well as one
on Knowlton Church, an interesting ruin surrounded by a small earth-
work. Some of the party ascended to the top of Gussage All Saints'
tower to- inspect the old bells, especially the one which had recently been
successfully mended. A descriptive note on Knowlton was added by
Mr. W. J. FLETCHER. The last Church visited before luncheon was
Horton, which stands on the site of an ancient monastery, but
unfortunately time did not permit the inspection of more than the Church.

XXXIX.

The party were conducted over the Church by the Kector, Rev. G.
Wellington, who read the following paper :

" The parish church of Horton is dedicated to Saint Wolf ride, mother
of Saint Edith, Abbess of Wilton, 1401. It was almost wholly rebuilt
about 1720 from its then ruinous state, and is probably part of the ancient
priory church. The north transept has an ancient doorway and buttresses,
and on a small stone in the north wall is inscribed l.C. 1755. There is
also a small locker on the east side of the doorway within. The two
monumental effigies on each side of the doorway within were removed
from the Hastings aisle under the tower at the restoration of 1869. The
knight in Purbeck marble is St. Giles de Erase, who died about 1395,
and it formerly rested upon a low altar tomb. The lady in Harnhill stone
used to lie near it, and she may be his wife. The font was unused for
many years, and was stowed away in a dilapidated condition in the
Hastings aisle. At the restoration of 1869 it was repaired and placed in
its present position. The body of the church underwent a restoration in
1869, when the two galleries and the pulpit sounding board were removed,
and the church generally was put into a state of repair. The vestry
under the tower is the old Hastings aisle belonging to the family at
Woodlands House ; and the piers supporting the arch into it are probably
Norman. In it there is a monument to three members of the Hastings
family, and on the floor underneath are three grave stones with their
respective names. The registers date from 1563, but there are none for the
years 1725 to 1740 and also 1753 to 1773. There is a book of affidavits
of burials in Woollen 1678 to 1720 ; and also the churchwardens' account
book from 1716 to 1895. The silver chalice and paten are probably of
1610. The tower was rebuilt in 1722 on the foundations of a former one,
and three of the bells were sold for 79 16s. In the churchwardens'
account book there is the following entry : " Whereas the tower of the
parish church of Horton is very much decayed, and the parishioners are
desirous to erect a new tower upon a small aisle belonging to Edward
Seymour, Esq., the said Edward Seymour, Esq., doth give leave that the
tower should be erected as desired, provided the parishioners take care
to place the monuments in the same places in which they now stand, as
near as may be, and proper pews be erected for him and his family. In
witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands, the 13th day of
February, 1722. E. Seymour, N. Stuart, Henry Thornbull, church-
wardens." There is the following inscription on the one remaining bell :
" Love God. 1684. F.D., E.F., W.F." The chancel was restored in
1869 and in 1890 the organ and choir stalls were placed in it, the altar and
its cloths being presented by the Countess of Shaftesbury. There is a

xl.

sundial on the south wall of the church on which is inscribed : '* Post
est occasio calva. G. Young fecit 1791. The first recorded Vicar of the
parish was Baldwyn de Candel, 1295." There was a rectory house and
sonic rectorial glebe, but these were very anciently appropriated to the
Priory, and there has probably never been any vicarage or vicarial glebe,
the Vicars being non-resident until about 1817, when the Earl of Shaftes-
bury provided a house, rent free, for their use.

The party then drove to Gaunt's House, where they had been hospit-
ably invited to lunch by Sir Richard and Lady Glyn. After the health
of the host and hostess had been proposed the new members were
elected, and it was resolved that Captain G. R. Elwes should be asked
to represent the Club at the ensuing meeting of the British Association
at Ipswich. An adjournment was next made to the lawn, where the
presentation was made to Mr. J. C. Mansel-Pleydell. The presentation
was made in the name of the Club by Lord Eustace Cecil, whose speech,
together with the President's reply, will be found in full in the last
volume of Proceedings at page xlvii.

At about four o'clock the members drove to St. Margaret's Chapel
close to Wimborne, where a paper was read by Mr. W. J. Fletcher,
which will be found in full in the present volume.

After partaking of tea at the Crown Hotel, some of the party were
taken by Mr. Fletcher over the Minster, and all left by various trains at
about seven p.m. The only shower during the clay, unfortunately, fell
during the presentation.

NEW MEMBERS. Two were elected.

THE FIRST- WINTER MEETING was held on Friday, December 13th,
1895, in the Heading Room of the Dorset County Museum, and was
attended by about 40 members.

The HON. SEC. announced the gift by the British Association of their
volume ot Proceedings. He then read the following note received from
Mr. Henry Spicer, of Bishop's Caundle, formerly of Dorchester : "Some
years ago the felling of a lime tree in Cedar Park, Dorchester, brought
to light a curious reminiscence of school days. It is the name of Henry
Spicer, carved in the bark by himself 67 years ago, when at a school kept
at the adjoining house by Mr. Daniel. The name, " H. Spicer," is
remarkably plain, the letters having been very little obliterated by the
growth of the tree, which had carried up the inscription nearly 30 feet
high. This name was carved on the north side of the tree. Many years
previous a Mr. Watts had cut his initials " H. M. W." on the south side
in the butt of the same tree, but these initials remained stationary." The

Hon. Secretary stated, in answer to questions, that Mr. Spicer had
informed him that both names were cut through the bark to the same
depth, and that the bark did not grow over either. These notes excited
considerable interest. Mr. FLOYER read a paragraph from a newspaper
dated October 12th last, in which a Gottingeri correspondent described a
curious discovery of the same kind made by two wood-choppers. While
at work in Braunschweig they found in a healthy piece of a trunk of red
beechwood the marks of the initial " H," the date 1850, and carving of
skull and cross-bones, the skull having eyes, nose, and mouth.
EXHIBITS. BY THE HON. TREASURER :

(i.) A skin of a large (common) snake found when very lately cast.
He observed that the largest snake he had killed on Bloxworth Heath
was 4ft. 2in. in length.

(ii.) An old letter dated August, 1693, from Mr. Blathraite to
Mr. C. S. Trenchard, on political matters. It was found amongst papers
formerly in the possession of Sir John Trenchard, Secretary of State to
King William III. and Queen Mary.

(iii.) Some sprigs of Turkey oak from Bloxworth Rectory garden,
shewing the deciduous habit of the tree, which appears to have a
natural habit of casting the tips of its branches annually.
BY MR. W. COLFOX:

(iv.) Some glass spear heads and a stone tomahawk head, obtained
from Australian aborigines at Broome, Roebuck Bay, West Australia,
the former being specially interesting as being counterparts in glass of
pakeolithic implements of the same kind.

(v.) A beautifully mounted specimen of the American Yellow-billed
Cuckoo (Cuculus Amcricanus) which had been picked up dead in his
garden at Westmead, Bridport, after having lived there for some months.
Its note resembled that of the common green woodpecker. This is only
the sixth recorded occurrence of this species in the British Islands. (See
under " Rare Birds " in " Phonological Notes " at p. 198 of this volume.)
BY MR. R. FETHERSTONHAUGH-FRAMPTON :

(vi.) A letter dated July 15th, 1815, from Lieut. James Garland, of
H.M.8. " Superb," Barque Roads, giving some interesting personal
reminiscences of Napoleon Buonaparte as follows : " I have the
pleasure of telling you that we this morning got hold of Buonaparte and
his suite. He is now in the cabin of the Bel lerop lion, our consort. He
has given himself up to us and thrown himself on the generosity of the
Prince Regent and the British nation. I have seen him, and he appears
not the least affected, but is still acting the Emperor. He has with him
his Dukes and forty others, all military men. Count and Lady Bertrand

xlii.

are with him. The latter is an Irish lady by birth, daughter of Lord
Dillon. The count was his companion in Elba. He embarked from the
battery in Barque Roads from which I was wounded. He has 25 horses
and five carriages. I don't know the number of vessels it will take to
carry all his baggage. There are many about us loaded already. The
white flag is flying again, and w^as hoisted yesterday. Buonaparte
negotiated first to be allowed a free pass to America with two of his
frigates, then one frigate disarmed, or even a smaller vessel ; all this was
refused. His marshals threatened they w r ould attempt to escape in the
night. Our answer was we will take both by lighting. Finding we
were inflexible he gave himself up on the terms I have told you. In a
few days he will no doubt be in England. His brother Joseph is to
embark to-morrow. I have been introduced to the count. He has had
a good survey of the Superb. Buonaparte is quite at home with every-
one and makes himself equal to all ; yet there is something about him
commanding and majestic. The count, who is his locum tenens, appears
more dejected than his master. Our good admiral is delighted. It is a
singular coincidence of circumstances that at the closing of the American
War the iSuperb's squadron should take the ship's president and at the
close of the French War, Napoleon Buonaparte. July 16 You will be
rejoiced to hear that I have this moment been in the presence of
Buonaparte. How much I wish you could see this man. He has been in
my cabin where Eliza and you were. He was quite at home, and
expressed himself much pleased with everything he saw on board of
such a tine ship as he termed it. To J. Frampton, Esq."
BY REV. J. CROSS:

(vii.) A piece of the bark of Sequoia from California Gin. thick.
BY THE HON. SEC. :

(viii.) A Tyg, probably of Elizabethan date. This is a drinking
vessel composed of red pottery covered with a thick dark broAvn brilliant
lead glaze, of a conical shape, Sin. high and having two handles near
together. It was used as a loving cup for passing round, and some
specimens have as many as twelve or more handles. There are two or
three portions of tygs in the Dorset Museum, the more usual shape being
somewhat spherical. The present specimen was found in the new Law-
Courts excavations near Temple Bar, London.
BY MR. H. J. MOULE :

(ix.) A 17th century book containing ink drawings of more than
100 Dorset coats of arms. The book belonged to W. Whiteway, a leading
Dorchester man of that period. It has since been purchased for the
Museum.

The HON. SEC. stated that he had received a communication from Mr.
W. Alvord, of 1140, The Rookery, Chicago, asking if the Dorset
Field Club could help him to trace some of his remote ancestors, who
appeared to have been connected with Dorchester and Ilminster.
Several suggestions were elicited, which were duly communicated to
Mr. Alvord by the Hon. Sec. and others.

CHARMINSTER CHANCEL ARCH. Rev. O. M. RIDLEY expressed his
gratitude to Sir T. Baker and the Club generally for the expression of their
opinion as to the desirability of retaining this fine Norman arch, which
had undoubtedly greatly influenced the decision to preserve it which had
been arrived at. Those who wished to remove the arch had given way,
and a large donation had been given towards the restoration in con-
sequence of its retention.

PAPERS. Five were read, which will all be found in the present
volume. The first by the PRESIDENT " On the Footprints of a Dinosaur
(Iguanodon? ) from the Purbeck Beds of Swanage."

The second by Mr. T. B. GROVES on " Water Analysis a Hundred
Years Ago."

The third by the HON. SEC., " A List of Portland Lepidoptera,"
of which he read the introductory portion. The HON. TREASURER
expressed his satisfaction at the fulness of the list, which contained a
very large number for so small an area as Portland. The Purbeck list
was considerably larger, about 1,100 species having been there recorded,
but the area was also much larger, and comprised many varieties of
surface.

The fourth paper was by Mr. CLEMENT REID, F.G.S., on " An
Early Neolithic Kitchen-Midden and Tufaceous Deposit at Blashenwell,
near Corfe Castle." The PRESIDENT, in thanking Mr. Reid, lemarked
that among the many interesting features in connection with this paper
was the discovery in the deposit of Scrobicularia pipcrita, a bivalve
shell-fish restricted to muddy estuaiies in connection with the sea. No
trace of the common cockle has been found at Blashenwell, which
makes it unlikely that the Scrobicularia was brought from Poole
Harbour, where the cockle abounds as well. It is more probable that
the Neolithic settlers derived their supplies from Chapman's Pool, a
distance of about three miles.

The last paper was by Mr. EDWARD A. FRY, of Birmingham, " On the
Inquisitiones Post Mortem for Dorset, from Henry III. to Richard III."
In Mr. Fry's absence, the introductory part was read by Mr. II. J.
MOULE, who mentioned that Mi 1 . Fry was one of th^ two brothers
who started to print the " Dorset Records," but had to give it up for

xliv.

want of subscriptions. They now proposed to print them in a smaller
way.

NEW MEMBERS. Four were elected.

The Meeting broke up at about 4.30 p.m.

DORSET COUNTY MUSEUM ANNUAL MEETING. Held Wednesday,
January 29th, 1896. The intimate connection which has always existed
between the Museum and the Field Club has on this, the Jubilee
anniversary meeting of the Museum, been further cemented by the
election of Mr. Nelson M. Richardson, the Hon. Secretary of the Field
Club (elected May llth, 1892), to be Hon. Secretary of the Museum.
The resignation of Mr. Albert Bankes, who had held the post of Hon.
Secretary for more than eleven years, was viewed with great regret by
the subscribers, who fully appreciated the excellent work done by him.
The following resolution was passed : " That this meeting of
subscribers desire to place on record their deep sense of gratitude to
Mr. Albert Bankes for his valuable services to the Museum as Hon.
Secretary for over eleven years, and their regret at his resignation of that
office, and they direct that an entry of this resolution be made in the
minutes of their proceedings."

THE SECOND WINTER MEETING was held on Tuesday, February llth,
1896, in the Reading-room of the County Museum, Dorchester, about
40 being present. The President took the chair at noon.

DONATION IN AID OF SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. It was proposed by
Rev. Sir TALBOT BAKER, and seconded by the PRESIDENT, that as an
Antiquarian Society deeply interested in the preservation of Salisbury
Cathedral they should, as a body, endeavour to contribute a sum
towards the fund now being raised. The Cathedral was the only one
which was built in a pure Early English style without admixture, and
it was most important that it should be preserved and restored in the
best way possible, for which a very large sum was needed. A small
committee was appointed, with Mr. H. J. Moule as Hon. Secretary, and
it was decided that the amount of each contribution should be limited to
5s., so as not to interfere with any private donations towards the same
object. The amount eventually raised and paid to the Dean of
Salisbury in the name of the Club was 30 guineas.

MAUMBWRY RINGS. Mr. E. CUNNINGTON expressed his pleasure at the
way in which Maumbury Rings had been restored and was being taken
care of, there having been danger that this most interesting relic of
Roman times might be seriously damaged.

xlv.

CHARMINSTER CHURCH. Mr. ALBERT BANKES exhibited three photo-
graphs of the Church, and read some notes on the subject, of which
the following is an epitome :

" The Golden Prebend of Bere and Charminster,' as it was anciently
called, included the Manor of Charminster, the rectories of Charminster
and Bere Kegis, and tithes on several parts of the parish of Charminster.
Owing no doubt to the great value of the living in those days,
Charminster Church must have been served by a very superior class of
rector, as we note in Hutchins that between 1375 and 1448 no less than
three rectors of Charminster were raised to the episcopal bench ; but
in the 21st year of Elizabeth the tithes of Charminster, Stratton,
Grimstone, Poleston, and Forston were granted to Sir Christopher
Hatton. Thus, to quote Hutchins, ' This rich prebend was dissipated,
and the Church robbed of a noble preferment by the rapacity of
courtiers and the avarice of private persons.' In 1650 Sir Thomas
Trenchard, Kt., had bought the tithes, and the magnificent stipend of
9 4s. 8d. was paid by the Trenchards to a curate for reading the
Common Prayer in the two churches of Charminster and Stratton,
nearly two miles apart. Whether the unfortunate curate had to preach
a sermon in addition to reading the Common Prayer AVC are not told.
About the time of the civil wars the chancel, 28ft. in length, was
demolished, the arch walled up, and an east window placed in it."

In the restoration carried on it was decided to divide the work into
three divisions in order that no debt might be incurred : (1) The Nave and
South Aisle ; (2) The North Aisle ; (3) The Chancel. A considerable
sum was collected, chiefly in Charminster, and the work of removing
the gallery over the western arch, and underpinning the walls,
proceeded with. In stripping the cement off the exterior of the walls
four Norman windows, blocked up and forgotten for at least 350 years-
resembling those in Studland Church, near Corfe Castle were
discovered in the original clerestory. These windows are only 5^111 .
wide on the outside, but open out considerably on the inside. On the
removal of the upper layer of plaster on the inside of the church a
number of black-letter texts of the Information period appeared, arranged
in various devices. In the S.E. angle of the south aisle an Early
English piscina in good preservation has been found. Now that the
tower arch has been opened out, and the ground excavated so as to show
the full height of the Norman columns, the true proportions of the
church are beginning to be seen, and there is every promise of its
turning out a dignified and really fine structure. But it will be a great
pity if the funds will not allow of the tower and north aisle being also

xlvi.

restored without delay, as also the chancel, or else the general effect of
the building will be seriously injured. Since the above was written
another most interesting find has been discovered namely, the winding
staircase in the middle of the wall, leading from the corner in the north
aisle to where formerly stood the rood-loft. The approximate estimate
for the complete repair of Charminster Church has just been given to
me by our energetic and business-like lion, treasurer and secretary,
Captain Dymond. First estimate for repair of nave and south aisle,
1,297 ; 2nd estimate for north aisle, 997 ; 3rd estimate for chancel,
1,206 total, 3,500.

The HON. SECRETARY alluded to Chickerell Church, which was about to
undergo a partial restoration as far as funds would permit, and said that
any advice from the archaeologists of the Club would be acceptable.
He exhibited a tile with a dark green glaze found in the wall of the
Church, and mentioned that two coins had been found, one George III.,
1797, apparently purposely imbedded in the plaster of the newer part
of the Church, the other William III. (1700 ?), under the pulpit, on the
earth.

EXHIBITS. BY THE PRESIDENT :

(i.) A basalt celt from Bere Regis in a fine state of preservation.
The felspar of the basalt had been decomposed on the surface, leaving
the augite in a granular state.

(ii.) The palatal crushing teeth of Strophodus magnus, a shark of
the Forest Marble period, which were adapted for the mastication of
crustaceans and hard-shelled animals. Type Cestracion Philippi, the
Port Jackson Shark of the present day.

BY REV J. BOND :^

(iii.) A quern with a raised edge or flange all round the circum-
ference of the lower stone, except for a small opening, by which what was
ground could find an exit. This flange is very unusual, though it is
stated to exist in ancient Irish querns, but not in more recent ones.
The stone was presented by Mr. Bond to the Museum. The HON.
TREASURER said that he believed that there was a similar flange on a
much larger stone which he saw at Pompeii. Colonel PALMER said that
he had seen similar flanged querns in India, and that they were used for
semi-liquid substances.

BY MR. R. P. F. FRAMPTON :

(iv.) Specimens of clay coloured green from Moreton. Mr.
Frampton was unable to obtain information about the colouring matter
at the meeting, but sent the specimens to Mr. Clement Reid, F.G.S.,
from whom he received the following letter on the subject :

xlvii.

"Geological Survey Office, Jermyn Street-, 25th February, 1896.
Dear Sir, The green loams you send belong to the Reading beds, the
sand immediately above being perhaps the base of the over-lying London
clay. Clays like those sent occur in several parts of Hants and Sussex,
but in Dorset I have only noticed them at the foot of Black Hill, where
they rest immediately on the chalk. Clays of this peculiar colour are
usually mixed with others coloured blood-red, purple, or white. The
meaning of these striking colours is not clearly understood ; but the
fossils found in them are always turtles, crocodiles, land plants, and
such fish and shells as live in salt lakes or brackish water lagoons. The
exact nature of the green colouring matter is unknown, for, being a
mere film on the grains of sand, it is very difficult to isolate for analysis.
It is probably a silicate of iron like glauconite, though not forming
separate grains like the glauconite of marine origin found in the green-
sand or dredged in the Atlantic by the Challenger. I am afraid that
there is little chance of finding good pipe-clay west of Moreton.
The Bagshot sands, in which the clay occurs, are there becoming
gravelly and very irregular, so that any bed of pipe- clay is likely to
be cut up and divided into masses too small to work. A little pipe-
clay occurs as far west as Outer Heath. Yours faithfully, CLEMENT
REID."

BY ME. EDWARD A. FRY :

(v.) A book entitled "A Commission to enquire of Church
Livings in the County of Dorset, 13th November, 1650," on which the
following note (communicated by Mr. Fry) was read by Mr. H. J.
MOULE : As a specimen of caligraphy this book is worth exhibition,
but beyond this, there is the interest attaching to it as apiece of history
relating to Dorset.

The contents have been made use of to some extent by Hutchins in his
" History of Dorset " (indeed, it is not improbable that he had this very
book in his hands), but there are many interesting details which he has
not inserted.

The book was originally in the possession of Sir Peter Thompson, of
Poole, a noted antiquary, of whom there is a short biography under
"Poole" in Vol. I., 66, of Hutchins' "History," and was probably
made for him and the contents duly attested as being correct copies of
the original documents by Henry Rooke, one of the officials of the
Court of Chancery in the last century. I gather from Mr. Scargill
Bird's "Guide to the Record Office," pp. 105-106, that the surveys of
church livings are contained in three volumes, and were taken pursuant
to an Ordinance of Parliament dated 20th December, 1649, and were

xlviii.

presentments of the inhabitants of various parishes throughout England
of the number and value of the ecclesiastical benefices therein, with the
names of the incumbents, &c.

Vol. I. contains returns for the counties of Berks, Bucks, Essex,
Gloucester, Hertford, Lancaster, and Lincoln.

Vol. II. contains the return for the county of Dorset only (and is the
one now on exhibition).

Vol. III. contains the returns for Middlesex, Norfolk, Northumber-
land, Oxford, Sussex, Westmoreland, Wilts, and Yorks.

The above original returns represent, therefore, only 16 out of the 40
counties of England, and are the only ones known to exist ; but there
are in the Lambeth Library 24 large volumes, consisting chiefly of
oilicial copies of these returns, which were made shortly after the
originals, and which in many cases supply their places where
wanting.

I have also recently seen the original Commissioners' return for all
that was taken of the county of Worcester, some 15 or 20 parishes only.
Dorset may therefore be considered fortunate in being one of the few
counties having a complete return.

BOTANICAL EXHIBITS. BY REV. E. F. LINTON :

(\i.)Saponaria vaccaria, L. Chalky field, south of Melbury Abbas
(near Shaftesbury) ; a casual, here and there established sufficiently to
have a place in the London Catalogue.

Filago apiculata, G. E. Sm. Waste ground between Pavkstone and
Branksome.

Rhimuithus Crista-Galli, var. fallax, Koch. Meadows about
Wareham, D. and G.

Salix purpurea and viminalis, v. Forbyatw. Trigon Farm, Wareham ;
also seen near Tarrant Crawford, by the river Stour.

Salix aurita and repcns (S. ambigua, Ehrb). By Littlesea. The
first occurrence, though often looked for by the Rev, W. Moyle Rogers
and myself.

Bromtts arvensis, Linn. Chalky field of wheat, east of Aimer ;
introduced, no doubt, but not unfrequent in England, and holding a
place in all recent editions of the London Catalogue.

BY MR. T. B. GROVES :

(viii.) Calcium Carbide, the material from which is produced the
gas Acetylene, the new illuminant. Put into water, this substance
evolves gas and makes the water boil with some violence, the bubbles
taking fire with a series of small bright explosions. Mr. Groves
successfully performed this beautiful experiment."

xlix.

By MR. BURNAND (Poole) :

(viii.) Flint arrow-heads from gravel beds, Kentucky. These were
beautifully made and in very good condition.

BY MR. B. A. HOGG :

(ix.) A worked flint, of palaeolithic style, believed by him, however,
to be neolithic. Mr. CUNNINGTON said that he considered it palaeolithic,
(x.) Ancient British silver coin, found at Dorchester.

BY MR. N. BOND :

(xi.) Pieces of Roman Pottery found in the kitchen garden of
Creech Grange, when making alterations in 1858, on the site of a
supposed Roman Pottery. Amongst what was dug up were three
pillars supposed to be the supports of the kiln floor.

(xii.) A large and massive gold ring, with the following note :

" This ring was found at Holme about 1842 by a man digging in the
garden adjoining the Monks' fish pond.

Holme was a cell belonging to the Priory of Montacute (Cluniac).

It may be presumed from the religious subjects that the ring belonged
to the Prior.

The lion rampant langued armed and crowned, engraved upon it as a
seal, was probably the arms, and the name was indicated by the
initials T. in front, and I. within the curl of the tail."

The ornamental engravings upon its surface are much worn away.
On one side near the seal is a representation of the three persons of the
Blessed Trinity, on the other the B.V. Mary with the infant.

The design upon the third compartment on the narrow part is perhaps
St. Christopher."

BY MR. F. J. BECKFORD :

(xiii.) Some relics from Egyptian tombs, including some of the
little figures placed with the mummies to help them to perform the
tasks they would be compelled to do after death. Also some shark's
teeth taken from the rocks on which the great pyramid stands.

BY MR. A. M. WALLIS :

(xiv.) Two photographs of a fine new species of fossil cycad, about
3ft. long, found by him at Portland. The specimen is now in the
British Museum.

PAPERS. Six were read, which will be found at length in the present
volume.

The first by the PRESIDENT "On a Romano-British Brick-kiln and a
British Barrow at Bagber, in the parish ot Milton Abbas."

The second by the HON. TREASURER " On a Whirlwind at Bloxworth."
This paper produced several accounts of whirlwinds. The Hon. Secretary

read an account of one near Chelmsforcl about 1870, communicated by
Rev. W. Gibbens, which passed through his house, breaking doors, &c. ,
and afterwards, about three miles off' in a northward direction, made a
road 10 yards wide through a wood of oak, elm, and beech trees, twisting
off their heads nearly halfway down their stems. Accounts of other
whirlwinds at Sydling, Esher, and the I. of Wight were given by the
PRESIDENT, Mr. F. J. BECKFORD, and Mr. R. F. FRAMPTON. The HON.
SECRETARY also alluded to the one at Ranston (See Proc. Vol. XVI.,
p. xxiv. )

The third paper was by Mr. E. G. BAKER, F.L.S., of the British
Museum of Natural History, South Kensington, " On a New Dorsetshire
Variety of Plantago coronopus, Linn," and was illustrated by specimens
of the plant from Charmouth and drawings. Rev. E. F. LlNTON
stated that in his opinion the plant was a variety of P. coronopus, and
not a distinct species, as had been suggested, and adduced in support of
this the variability of the number of seeds. In Armeria there is a
variety with three-nerved leaves instead of the normal one-nerved
form.

The fourth paper was by Mr. E. CUNNINGTON, "A few Notes on a
Find of Neolithic Flints at Portisham," with " Geological Notes on the
Locality," by Rev. OSMOND FISHER, F.G.S. The flints were exhibited
by Mr. Cunnington, and presented by him to the Museum.

The fifth paper was by Mr. H. J. MOULE, " Notes on One or Two
Examples of Endurance of Vegetable Life under Difficulties." The
PRESIDENT made some remarks on ihe wonderful power of penetration
possessed by fibrous roots.

The sixth and last paper was by the HON. TREASURER, " On New and
Rare Spiders," and was illustrated by beautiful drawings made by the
Author.

NEW MEMBERS. Seven were elected.

The Meeting broke up at about 4.30 p.m.

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SPECIAL DONATIONS OF PLATES, &c., TOWARDS
VOL. XVII.

FROM KEV T . CANON SIR TALBOT H. B. BAKER, BART.

Plate of Gussage All Saints' Church.

,, Knowlton Church and Earthwork.
FROM J. C. MANSEL-PLEYDELL, ESQ., F.G.S., F.L.S.

Plate of Femur of Iguanodon, &c.
,, Footprints of Dinosaur.
,, Burial Urns from Bagber No. I.

No. II.

DONATIONS TO PLATE FUND, 1895-1896.

s. d.

June 3, 1895-H. J. Moule, Esq. ... ... ... ... 2 6

,, 10, ,, Piev. G. Thompson ... ... ... ... 5

,, 24, ,, Rev. John Bond ... ... ... ... 10

Jan. 26, 189611. G. Clarke, Esq. ... ... ... ... 0110

Feb. 1, ,, Ptev. John Bond ... ... ... ... 10

May 7, ,, Mrs. Forrester ... ... ... ... 5

236

The thanks of the Club are also due to those Artists who have given
their time and skill in making the original drawings for the plates
cont lined in the present volume.

&nnitor*ttrs JUfortas of the finsiknt.

Unavoidably postponed Jrom the Annual Meeting, May 7th, 1S9G, and
read November 20th, 1896.

COMMENCE my anniversary address, as usual, with the
notice of members who have been removed by death
during the past year. Sir Joseph Prestwich, F.R.S.,
one of the most distinguished British geologists, is
lost to us. He was one of the few survivors of those
who were led by Buckland, Sedgwick, Fitton, de la
Beche, Murchison, Scrope, and Lyell. He had for his
contemporaries Agassiz, Owen, Phillips, Godwin-
Austen, E. Forbes, Ramsay, and Warrington Smythe,
all of whom have passed away, whilst his older surviving friends,
Sir John Evans, Rev. 0. Fisher, J. Rupert Jones, R. Etheridge, and
II. Woodward, are still living. He was the first to demonstrate to
the English men of science that the flint-implements found in the
valley of the Somme (France) were of human workmanship, and that
they were lying in undisturbed beds of sand and gravel, in conjunc-
tion with the remains of extinct mammalia, as had been asserted
by Boucher de Perthes. His paper before the Royal Society gained
acceptance of his views amongst geologists. Among many of his
papers brought before the Institute of Civil Engineers is one " On
the Origin of the Chesil Bank." Differing from previous observers,
who attributed it to shingle drifted from the Devonshire and
Dorsetshire coasts, he showed it was due to the wreck of the old

1V1. PRESIDENTS ADDRESS.

"Raised Beach " of the Pleistocene age, a remnant of which still
exists 25ft. above the sea level on the Bill of Portland, and which
stretched to the Cornish and Devonshire coasts on one side and to
Brighton on the other. He was appointed by the Vice-Chancellor
of the University of Oxford, Dean Liddell, to succeed Professor
Phillips in the chair of geology in 1874. He served the office of
President of the Geological Society of London from 1870 to 1872.
He was made Vice-President of the Royal Society in 1870. In
1874 the Institute of Civil Engineers awarded him the Telford medal
and a premium for his paper on " The Geological Conditions
affecting the Construction of a Tunnel between France and Eng-
land." In 1886 the first volume (chemical and physical) of his great
work on geology was published, and in 1890 the second volume
(stratigraphical and physical), when the University of Oxford
conferred on him the honorary degree of D.C.L. His latest papers
were read before the Geological Society of London " On the Age
of the Valley of the Darent and Remarks on the Palaeolithic
Implements of the District, &c ," in which he shows that on the
high chalk plateaux of Kent there are flint-implements of a peculiar
rude type, fashioned by a race of men of much greater antiquity
than those who made the implements of the Thames and Somine
valleys ; " On the Raised Beaches and Head, or Rubble Drifts
of the South of England," " On the Evidence of a Submer-
gence of Western Europe at the close of the Glacial Period," and
" On the Phenomena of the Quaternary Period in the Isle of
Portland and around Weymouth." His death took place on the
23rd June last at his country home, Darent Hulme, Shoreham, in his
84th year. His widow, who was daughter of Dr. Hugh Falconer,
F.R.S., and his beloved adviser and co-worker in the science he loved,
survives him. Colonel Mansel, my very near and dear relative,
was suddenly called away on the 26th March last. His profession
as a soldier did not bring him in close contact with the sciences
which engage our attention. On leaving the service he continued
to take interest in the profession of arms, and threw all his energies
into the furtherance of the Volunteer movement, which was at that

PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ivii.

time engaging the attention of the nation, and has now grown to be
a most important auxiliary to the regular army. Mainly through
his influence the Dorset Battalion was established, which he com-
manded from its embodiment in 1860 to 1876, when he was
appointed Honorary Colonel, which position he held to the day of his
death. The members will remember the hearty welcome the club
received from him and Mrs. Mansel at Smedmore in the year
1889.

The Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club
attained its majority last year. Since its commencement it has
maintained a steady course of scientific work, and has now upwards
of 300 members on its list. To me last year was the brightest of all
the previous ones, when I received the most gratifying proof of the
esteem and kindly feeling towards me on the part of all the
members by the presentation of a very handsome silver vase at
Gaunt's House at the last autumn meeting of the Club, where the
Club was hospitably entertained by Sir Kichard and Lady Glyn.
The presentation was accompanied by a most kind and flattering
eulogy by my dear and kind friend, Lord Eustace Cecil.

Year by year the Club is favoured by the friendly assistance of
several eminent geological friends who are working, or who have
worked, in our classic county. Among these I gratefully mention Mr.
A. J. Jukes-Browne, who gave us an important paper last year " On
the Origin of the Valleys in the Chalk-Downs of North Dorset."
To-day we shall have one by the pen of this eminent geologist " On
the Origin of the Vale of Marshwood and of the Greensand Hills
of West Dorset." The Vale of Marshwood is a small counterpart
of the Weald, due to a periclinal uplift of the strata between the
two synclinals of Dorchester and South-East Devon (Bere Head &c.),
Mr. Jukes-Browne has also determined the names of fossils collected
by the late Rev. Charles Bingham from the basement bed of the Upper
Greensand at Binghain's Melcombe, and another from Osmington
on the >ame horizon, all of which are in the County Museum. In
1892 he found the Lower Greensand at the base of the cretaceous
beds which flank the Vale of Blackmore; until then the Gault was

Iviii. PRESIDENT^ ADDRESS.

supposed to be the junction-bed with the Kimmeridge Clay.
For some time it was a puzzle to the early geologists how to account
for the absence of the Upper Portland and the Purbeck beds in
the Vale of Blackmore ; Dr. Buckland explained it, under the
supposition that the missing beds had fallen down in the
abyss below. It is now known that the cretaceous sea invaded
the upturned missing beds. The extension of the Lower
Greensand has this year been traced westward to Okeford
Fitzpaine by Miss Barbara Forbes and Miss Lowndes, where a
fine section is exposed in a brickyard west of the village,
comprising a fossiliferous bed of Gault, separated by a brown
sandy rock from the Greensand, beneath which is a bed containing
silicious pebbles. We owe a debt of gratitude to Mr. Clement Reid
also, who is now examining the quaternary beds of the county, for
a paper on "The Charred Pinewood from the Dorset Peat-mosses,"
and for another on the "Tufaceous Deposit at Blashenwell," in
which he agrees with the opinion expressed in my anniversary
address last year that there are evidences of a Neolithic settlement
upon it, and further that there was a subsequent settlement during
the Roman period. He has found proofs of glacial action at Paghnm
Harbour and Selsea, where there is a deposit of boulder-clay con-
taining fossils derived from a superincumbent bed of Bracklesham
clay containing marine mollusca of the Pleistocene age, with large
chalk-flints and some crystalline rocks, granites, greenstones, and
sedimentary representing the Upper Greensand and Upper Tertiaries.
The granites were probably derived from Brittany and transported
by floating shore-ice. There is no other instance of the kind in the
south ; but there is evidence of intensely cold conditions in Dorset-
shire, indicating a temperature considerably lower than that of
the present day, and to which our dry-coombes may owe their
origin ; snow-sheets and glaciers did not extend farther south
than the Thames valley. Mr. Starkie Gardner's paper on " The
Leaf -beds of Bournemouth," which was read before the members
last yearj gives a retrospect of the changes to which Great Britain
has submitted since the commencement of the Tertiary period, when

PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. lix.

the freshwater deposits derived to a great extent from the denuda-
tion of the Upper Chalk were spread over by a great river flowing
from west to south. After a long succession of oscillations, causing
a series of brackish, marine, and freshwater deposits, the Bagshot
period was ushered in by a depression which caused the great river
to empty itself into the Atlantic instead of the German Ocean, and
which brought in a warmer sea-fauna. There were a series of small
lakes in the Corfe and Poole district ; those on the east were filled
by pipeclays, those on the west by the finer clays of which the
Staffordshire ware is made. Mr. A. Smith-Woodward, F.G.S.,
promises us a paper on a new species of PhoHdophorus from the
Oxford clay at Chickerell, found by, and in the possession of our
valued Secretary, who, as well as our equally-valued Treasurer, has
made several additions to the entomological lists of the county
since last year.

Mr. E. G. Baker, F.L.S., in the Botanical Department of the
British Museum, contributed a paper " On a variety of Planiago
coronopus from Charmouth." It is a remarkable variety, and
met with in the south of France and Italy, where I have myself
seen it. It has been segregated by the Portuguese botanists and
made a new species of, which Mr. Baker refuses to admit, a
conclusion at which I had before arrived.

LIPOPTENA CERVI.

By a mere chance I took an extremely rare fly in the summer of
last year. Curtis gives it a place in his great work on British
Entomology, where it appears under the name of Hcvmolora
pallipes. The British Museum collections possessed only one
solitary specimen, taken from a red deer in Germany more than
100 years ago. There is a paper on this fly in the " Deutsche
Entomologische Zeitschrift," vol. xxi., p. 297, by Stein, who says
that the winged males are met with in Midsummer up to the
autumn in woods inhabited by the roe and the red deer, and that
the females which have lost their wings are found in the same
season among the hair of those animals. He quotes another

Ix.

dipterologist who found a considerable number of these flies flying
round the dead body of a roe and creeping into its coat. He
caught a series of them, which proved to be males and females.
The latter had cast off their wings in dying. In my experience
both sexes retain their wings until they have taken possession of
their host, and these are brushed off when creeping among the fur.
When I was tracing the distribution of the forest fly, Hippolosca
equina (which was said by a correspondent of the Field to be
restricted to the Hampshire basin, but which had to my knowledge a
much wider distribution), I took from my horse a fly allied to the
forest-fly, but wingless. The next day I captured several
more from among the hazel-bushes of the same wood, and
several afterwards flying about in the rides, but could keep
none of these incarnations of liberty alive more than a few
days. I gave the next batch a daily meal on one of my horses,
which quite succeeded, and before the end of October I found
I had about 100 pupse, which I kept in the skin of a deer.
At first the pupae were soft and of a pale colour. The head, which
was broad and flat, was furnished with two widely-distant eyes.
About the seventh day they cast their first case and became
invested in a horny boat-shaped case of a dark brown colour,
open at one end, and disclosing the head. The sides were keeled,
the upper surface had three prominent ridges, a characteristic
feature of the adult fly. After an interval of a fortnight another
moult took place, when the three ridges were replaced by six.
The pupae remained quiescent until August, when they again
began moulting. After every effort I was unable to procure their
development into the imago state, which I attribute to insufficient
food, supposing that, like the chrysalis, they did not require to
be fed. The complete history of the fly must remain unrecorded at
present. I hope to be more successful with those I have now under
treatment. Although the pupae are enclosed in a rigid horny
case, and have no outer limbs or apparent means of locomotion,
they have the power of moving freely to all parts of the vessel in
which they are confined.

PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixi.

GEOLOGY.
A FOSSIL CYCAD.

Mr. A. M. Wallis, one of our honorary members, called my
attention last year to a cycad he had recently found in the Lower
Purbeck beds of Portland considerably higher up than the Dirt
beds. I saw that it differed from the forms usually found
in the island, and retained the character of the family
Cycoidea in its net-work of persistent petiole bases, but instead
of being dwarfed, like C. megalopliylla and G. microphylla, it
was more than three feet high, measuring three feet seven
inches in the girth. A striking feature of this cycad is the
conical bud enclosed by tapered bud-scales. The surface of the
stem presents the appearance of a prominent reticulum of pro-
jecting ridges, of which the meshes were originally occupied by
the persistent bases. The substance of the leaf-stalks has for the
most part disappeared, and there is no trace of any inflorescence.
Though there is no instance of the occurrence of Cycaclete in the
Paleozoic beds they are abundant in the secondary, and so well
preserved are they that they can be determined without any
difficulty. Although they have not yet been found in the beds of
the Tertiary age there is no doubt that they are not absent, as
cycads are now living in the tropics. In 1828 Brongniart
established a genus of fossil cycads, to which he gave the name of
Mantellia, and in the same year Dr. Mantell described two species
from the Isle of Portland, one of them being the same as the English
species of Brongniart. The trunk of the cycad has no true bark.
Its outer covering is composed of persistent scales, which formed the
bases of the fallen leaves, making a compact envelope, supplying
the place of bark. No leaves are found in connection with the tree.
This may be owing to the forest having been gradually submerged,
and as the leaves decayed they were swept away by the tides,

ICHTHYOSAURUS AND PLESIOSAURUS.

It is not a long time since the skeleton of an Ichthyosaurus
was found in the Lias of Wurtemberg with the outline of the

. Ixii. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.

fleshy parts preserved. The tail-fin is shown to be very large,
resembling that of the shark, only wider. In the early days of
palaeontology Sir Richard Owen, with his rare inductive genius,
predicted that the tail had a considerable power in compensation
for the diminutive hind limbs of "the Ichthyosaurus, requiring an
auxiliary power for progression through the sea. Physiologists
are modifying their views \\i\\\ regard to the supposed flexibility
of the neck of the Plesiosaurus. It is now contended that it was
comparatively rigid, but possessed of considerable freedom, both
vertical and lateral, at its juncture with the trunk, giving the
animal greater facility for Hatching its prey in compensation for
its small head and feeble jaws. Plesiosaurus macroceplialus and
P. brachycephalus, which had short necks, were furnished
with large heads and powerful jaws. It was supposed to frequent
the shallow parts of the sea, and to lurk among the sea-weeds.
The occipital condyle which attached the head to the neck was not
bent downwards as that of the swan or the horse, but in a
straight line with the axis of the vertebral column, the cervical
vertebra) gradually increasing in size from the head downwards.
Those near the distal end have high and clasping apophyses,
causing a considerable degree of inflexibility. The powerful hind
limbs and size of the pelvic girdle are in striking contrast to the
corresponding elements of the Idliyosaurus, which are, as has
been said above, small and slender.

Mr. A. Strahan, F.G.S., has shown in a paper read before
the Geological Society this year that there have been at two
distinct periods, disturbances on the south coast of Dorset.
The earlier movements took place before the deposition of the
Upper, but after that of the Lower Cretaceous rocks, and gave
rise to the anticlinal of Chaldon in part, of Osmington,
and Bioadwey, with their relative synclinals of Upton and
Upwey, and, further west, the large faults at Abbotsbury and at
Chilcombe belong to this period. The later or Tertiary group,
includes the Isle of Puibeck fold, .the Ringstead fold, the Ridge way
and Chaldon disturbances, and the Litton Cheney fault. The Isle

PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Jxiii.

of Purbeck fault and Chaldon fault commence east of the Isle of
Wight and end at Wey mouth Bay. The curving dip of the strata
at Ballard Cliff, near Svvanage, becomes vertical under the fault,
which cuts across the edges of the vertical strata beneath. The
great Ridgeway fault and fold show evidence of displacement, for
several horizons of the chalk come into contact with the Purbeck
rocks. At Sutton Poyntz the cretaceous beds are interrupted by
a curving fracture, which cuts through the Greensand, and the Lower
and Middle Chalk. Throughout the length of this disturbance
the Upper Cretaceous rocks dip at a steep angle of from 60 to
80. In the well-known Eidgeway cutting the Oxford clay is
seen in an unexpected position. The Portland, Purbeck, and
Wealden beds occur in their proper sequence, but between
the Wealden and Chalk rises a ridge or dyke of clay
containing numerous Oxford Clay fossils and some blocks
of Cornbrash. The dyke is 30 or 40 yards wide. The
explanation hitherto given of the Oxford Clay at Ridgeway
depended on the existence of two systems of disturbance. It
was necessary to suppose that a fault with a downthrow north
belonging to the later system of disturbances had been superimposed
upon a fault with a downthrow south and of pre-cretaceous age, and
that the earlier fault had not only been of enormous magnitude, but
that it had followed an almost impossibly crooked course. The
alternative explanation given is that the faults are of post-cretaceous
age, but are over-thrusts, not normal displacements. Then the
Oxford Clay has not been faulted against Wealden, but thrust
southwards over it, and similarly the Forest Marble, <fec., of
Bincombe has been thrust southwards over the Kimmeridge Clay.

There is a paragraph in Hutchins' " History of Dorset " under
the head of Swyre, saying that there is a quarry in which has been
found the " Lapis Judaicus, Jew-stone, a stone exactly resembling
half a peasecod, of a faint green colour, the place where the
fracture may have been is smooth as if smoothed by art." It is
nothing more or less than a fossil. Instead, therefore, of its being
a Jew-stone, it is a Jaw-stone, and can be identified as the

Ixiv. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. '

palatal tooth of Stropliodus magnus, belonging to the family
Cestraciontidce, a shark furnished with powerful crushing teeth ;
the species is founded upon detached teeth, not yet correlated with
dorsal fin-spines. It has been suggested that the spines known
under the name of Asteracantlms belong to this shark, but
absolute proof is as yet wanting. The teeth of Stropliodus are
quadrate and elongate, the extremities slanting downwards, and
often slightly curved. Isolated teeth are not unfrequently met vvith
in the Oolites (reticulatus, magnus subreticulatus, Ag.) A complete
inferior jaw with four rows of teeth is described by the late Sir
Richard Owen (Geol. Mag. 1869) from the Great Oolite of Caen,
Normandy. Mr. G. M. Hansel has several of these palatal teeth
from the Forest Marble of the neighbouring parish of Puncknowle.
I have been unable to find in works of Mineralogy any notice of
Lapis Judaicus, which Hutchins so graphically describes.
Stropliodus has an extensive vertical range from the Permian to the
Chalk inclusive. The Oxford and Kimmeridge Clays yield the
well-marked form, S. reticulatus. The Cretaceous series contains
the last traces of the genus as far as is as now known, one from the
Greensand of Maidstone, the other from the Chalk.

THE RONTGEN RAYS.

Rontgen, Professor of Physics at Wurtemburg University,
discovered that a number of substances which are opaque to
visible rays of light are transparent to certain waves, capable of
affecting a photographic plate, and that the new actinic rays can
pass through them. Among other appliances an apparatus has
been invented consisting of a black cardboard tube enclosed at
one end with a disc of the same material, coated internally with a
fluorescent substance. At the other end is placed a lens, and the
object to be observed is viewed through a Crookes' tube. The
parts not influenced by the Rontgen rays are delineated in
shadow. Already the discovery has been successfully applied
in medicine and surgery. Numerous surgical cases of fractured
bones have been examined with satisfactory results. One

PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixv.

operator has seen the body of a person right through, and a dark
streak along its length corresponding with the spinal cord, the
spine, the ribs on each side of the body, the sternum, clavicle
and the scapula. In another instance the shadow of a coin was
seen in the gullet of a patient. A coin coated with phosphorescent
sulphide of zinc will allow the rays to pass through it. In the
British Medical Journal of April a plate of the skeleton of an
infant three months old, reproduced from a photograph,
demonstrating the visceral region of the body by means of
the Rontgen rays, clearly indicated the heart and lungs ; the
ossified parts of the bones were definitely shadowed, but not
the undeveloped parts.

NANSEN.

Nansen's expedition to the North Pole in 1894, from which
he and his companions have just returned safe, was as bold an
enterprise as possibly can be imagined. He based his faith and
risked his life on the accuracy of his theory of ocean currents
in the North. His strongest evidence for the existence of a
drift across the centre of the Polar basin was the discovery of
relics on the ice off the South of Greenland from the American
exploring ship Jeannette, which sank off the New Siberian
Islands. From what has come to our knowledge of Nansen's
journey, the glimpses of the scientific results obtained by him
and his companions indicate conclusions of much importance.
The Fram succeeded in entering the current, was embedded in ice,
and drifted in the direction indicated. Its continuous drift for
three consecutive years was a triumph for meteorology and
oceanography. The ice was found in continuous drift, and not
covering the Polar Sea, as was supposed to be the case. The
greatest discovery is a wide deep sea attaining a depth of as much
as 2,000 fathoms towards the North Pole, having a relatively
warm temperature in its lowest depths. This sea was supposed
to be a shallow basin with ice-cold water in its depths, and always
covered with floating ice. The depths which were found north
of Franz Joseph Land and Spitzbergen, in connection with the

Ixvi. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.

disappearance of animal life, as also the structure of ice
which was observed by Nansen as they reached the highest
latitudes, lead to the supposition that in all probability the
sea round the North Pole is a deep sea covered all the year
round with a packed drifting ice. The temperature in this
circumpolar ice-sea to a depth of 100 fathoms was found every-
where below freezing point; but below 100 fathoms the tempera-
ture was a little above freezing point, and as far as can be
ascertained, this temperature extends to the bottom. The
discovery of a deep sea containing water whose temperature
is above freezing point in the vicinity of the North Pole
promises to explain much of the life of the globe differently from
what has been hitherto considered as the right explanation.
Although the sounding apparatus of the Fram was far from being
able to measure depths of 2,000 fathoms, Nansen originated
means for doing so. He made a sounding apparatus out of iron
wire taken from an iron cable. As far as can be judged the only
way in which warm water can enter the North Pole basin is that
it should come from the current of warm water, which the North
Pole expedition found in 1878 off the western coast of Spitzbergen.
Thus we have warm water from the warm current of the North
Atlantic, which has ice-cold water beneath it. This warm water,
being salt, has a greater density when it cools down, and the
fresh water pours into the North Pole basin by the great
rivers of Siberia and of North America. That the temperature
does not sink below freezing point is one of the most wonderful
phenomena which the expedition could have discovered for both
the meteorologist and the hydrographist. The sledge journey of
Nansen and Johansen has ascertained that between Franz Joseph
Land and latitude 86 14' there is a sea mostly covered with
ice, but no land. Of the geographical results there is the discovery
of a new island in the northern part of the Kara Sea and several
new islands off the coast of Siberia, which bears testimony to
its having been under an ice-sheet. Doubtless a biologist, such as
Nansen, had many opportunities for making observations which are

PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixvii.

sure to throw light upon the conditions of organic life in the polar
seas and the polar regions. It is remarkable that all the members
of the expedition kept well and fit for work during the whole
of the duration of the expedition.

The great summary of the Challenger Expedition by Dr.
Murray was published last year, enriched with notes of his own
journal, based on the log and the official reports. It deals with
the history of oceanography. It may be as well to make an
extract dealing with his speculative views on the influence of
climate in the distribution of life. Beginning with the strong
resemblance between the north and south polar marine faunas,
and the general absence of similar forms in the intervening belt
the author says, "In early mesozoic times cooling at the Poles
and differentiation into zones of climate appear to have commenced,
and temperature conditions did not afterwards admit of coral reefs
in the Polar area. But the colder and hence denser water,
descending to the greater depths of the ocean, carried with it a large
supply of oxygen, and life in the deep seas became possible for the
first time. There have been many speculations as to how a nearly
uniform temperature could have been brought about in sea-water
over the whole surface of the earth in early geological ages, as well
as to how sufficient light could have been present at the Poles to
permit of the luxuriant vegetation that once flourished in those
regions. The explanation which appeared to be the most satis-
factory to Dr. Murray was that which attributes these conditions
to the greater size of the sun in the early stages of the earth's
history, together with the greater amount of aqueous vapour in the
atmosphere." He proceeds " The pelagic algae, radiolaria, and
foraminifera are probably but slightly modified descendants of a
very ancient, universal pelagic fauna and flora. Life in its
simplest form most likely appeared in pre-Cambrian times in
the detrital matters laid down about the mud-line (which Dr.
Murray limits to 100 fathoms, and considers to indicate usually
the edge of the oceanic continental slope), when the land surfaces
were more extensive than they are at present.

Ixviii. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.

HISTORY.

A flood of light has been thrown upon Oriental history since
my anniversary address in 1892, when I passed it under review,
especially with regard to that of the Babylonian, Egyptian, and
Ilittite. The discovery of Tel-el -Amarna has revolutionised our ideas
of ancient Oriental life. Tel-el-Amarna is a long line of mounds
which extend along the eastern bank of the Nile, about mid-way
between the towns of Minieh and Assiout. They mark the site
of a city which for a short time played an important part in
Egyptian history. The Pharaoh Amenophis III., of the eighteenth
dynasty, owing to internal disasters, retired from Thebes and
built a new capital at Tel-el-Amarna, and carried with him the
official correspondence received by his father and himself. The
letters were all written upon clay in the cuneiform characters of
Babylonia. The excavations of Dr. Flinders Petrie show how
many Babylonian torms had made their way into the language
of Egypt. Amenophis, who changed his name to Khu-en-Aten,
reigned about 150 years before the Pharaoh of the Exodus.
The tablets of Tel-el-Amarna reveal to us that the population of
Western Asia in the age of Moses was as highly cultivated
and literary as those of Western Europe in the age of the
Renaissance. They go as far back as Sargon of Accad, and prove
that Ur, the city of Babylonia, and Haran far away to the North,
in Mesopotamia, were connected from a very remote period with
each other ; both had temples dedicated to the Moon-god. A
native, therefore, of Ur, would find himself perfectly at home at
Haran. The tablets of Tel-el-Amarna fix the age to which
Abraham belongs. Arioch has left monuments of himself in the
bricks of Chaldea. Mr. Pinches has recently discovered a
cuneiform tablet on which mention is made not only of Chedor-
laomer, but also of his confederate Tidal (see Gen. xiv.) The
name Shinar, the king of Admah, one of the Babylonian kings,
who opposed them, finds its confirmation in a cuneiform inscrip-
tion. The early history of Jerusalem before the Israelitish
conquest was unknown. The story of Melchizedek, the priest-

PRESIDENT'S ADDBESS. Ixix.

king, stood alone unsupported by any fragment of antiquity that
had come down to us, and accordingly it was counted to be
unhistorical. The mention of the kings of the Hittites in the
account of the Siege of Samaria by the Syrians (IT. Kings,
vii., 6) was declared to be an error ; now it is shown that it was
the ignorance of the critic himself that was at fault. The early
traditions of Greece had also been made the subject of
destructive criticism until Dr. Schliemann brought to light the
buried empire of Agamemnon, its intercourse with the Egyptians,
the Phoenicians of Canaan, and the Hittites of Asia Minor. The
discoveries of Petrie in the Fayum and at Tel-el-Amarna have
settled the date of the remains found at Mycenae and Tiryns
by showing that the pottery which characterises them belongs
to the age of the 18th and 19th dynasties, of which the most
famous monarchs were Thothmes III., who reigned from 1503
B.C. to 1449 B.C., and Ramses II. from 1348 B.C. to 1281
B.C. The tablets show that the Babylonian language was known
to the people of Canaan, and when Abraham entered that country
the inhabitants were familiar with the literature, history, and
tradition of his native country, and in his days the king claimed
to rule over Canaan. We have seen that Chedorlaomer, king of
Elam and lord of the kings of Babylonia, marched to punish his
rebellious subjects in Canaan. The Patriarch had not, therefore,
escaped beyond Babylonian control. It is well to dwell upon this
fact, as it has only recently dawned upon us, and is one of the
many gains that the decipherments of the cuneiform inscriptions
have brought in support of the Bible. It is found that Abraham
did not migrate into an unknown region among a people of a
different civilisation. The spot on which the sacrifice of Abraham
was offered had been the seat of a kingdom in the old Canaanitish
days. The king was the priest of the god who was worshipped
there. The list of Palestinian cities conquered by Thothmes III.
and recorded by the Egyptian monarch on the walls of Karnac
contains an indication of the sanctity of the spot. We know from
the tablets of Tel-el-Amarna that Jerusalem was an important

Ixx. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.

city, and that it had submitted to the Pharaoh. The picture of
Canaan shown by the Tel-el-Amarna tablets has been sup-
plemented by the excavations of Prof. Flinders Petrie, which
have resulted in the discoveries of successive cities, built one upon
the ruins of the other, and it is probable that the lowest stratum was
the Lachish of the Amorite period, and the pottery reveals for the
first time the characteristics of Amorite manufacture. Its huge
walls were 29 feet high, which bears out the testimony of the
Israelitish spies. Here Prof. Petrie found a regular series of
pottery, and to him belongs the credit of determining the
characteristics of the various strata and fixing their approximate
age. In the cuneiform letters of Tel-el-Amarna, Ebed Tob, the
native king of Jerusalem and vassal of Pharaoh, made urgent
appeals for help, which could not be afforded him, as his suzerain
was himself in difficulties, and subsequently Ebed Tob, along with
his capital, was captured. It was this event which made
Jerusalem a Jebusite city. Ebed Tob held a position which was
unlike any other Egyptian governor in Canaan. He had been
confirmed in his post, not by the Pharaoh, but by the oracle and
power of the God whose sanctuary stood on the summit of
Mount Moriah. It was not from his father or from his mother
that he inherited this dignity. He was king of Jerusalem because
he was the priest of his god. In one of his letters to Pharaoh he
says " Behold, neither my father nor my mother have exalted me
to this place, but the arm of the mighty king established me in
the house of my father." The " Mighty King" is distinguished
from the king of Egypt. The etymology of Jerusalem shows
that it was a sacred city from the beginning, and we can under-
stand why Abraham paid tithes to its priestly ruler out of the
spoils of war. Does it not follow that the history of Melcliizedek
and his reception of Abraham may have been derived from a
cuneiform record of the age to which it refers, and does not its
occurrence with what we now know to have been an historical fact
make it probable that such was the case 1 When Abraham
migrated to Palestine, the Canaanites inhabited the lowlands, and

PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixxi.

the Ammonites and Hittites the highlands. Before many genera-
tions had passed, Moab and Ammon, the children of his nephew,
took the eastern tableland, while Edom settled in Mount Seir.
Before the patriarchal age came to an end, Egyptian, Babylonian,
and Hittite mingled with the earlier races. It may turn out that an
earlier stratum of literature than was supposed in its origin is
partly Babylonian, partly Aramaic, partly Edomite, and partly
Canaanitish, and which may be proved to be the true source of
the Book of Genesis. The question, both of age and authenticity,
will be required to be decided upon evidence which the archae-
ologist alone can s apply, and if he can show that it has the
elements of which the Biblical history is composed, the historian
has secured all that he requires, and the Book of Genesis will take
rank by the side of other monuments of the past as a record of
events which have actually happened and been handed down by
credible men. It will cease to be mutilated and fitted together
again according to the dictates of modern philology, and will
become a collection of ancient documents which have all the value
of contemporaneous testimony. Oriental discovery in many
instances shows that such documents actually exist in it, and that
the statements they contain are as worthy of belief as the in-
scriptions of Babylonia or Egypt. Soon after came the fall of
Khu-en Aten, which happened within 150 years before the reign
of the Pharaoh of the Exodus, the date of which has at last been
settled by Egyptological records. There is now only one period in
Egyptian history when it could have taken place, and the history
of the period taken from native monuments is in striking harmony
with the requirements of the Scriptural narrative. In the
Egyptian texts Pharaoh of the oppression and Pharaoh of the
Exodus are found. The Tel-el-Amarna tablets have thrown a
flood of light. The death of Khu-en-Aten and the destruction of
the capital led to the extinction of the 18th dynasty and the rise of
the 19th dynasty. Ramses II., son of Seti L, was the
Pharaoh of the oppression, the builder of Pithom and of
Ramses, and the father of Meneptah II., who was probably

Ixxii. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.

the Pharaoh of the Exodus. The conclusion is supported by
other evidence, and the Tel-el-Amarna monuments have made it
clear, that the new king, who knew not Joseph, was a Pharaoh of
the 19th dynasty, also that Canaan was not yet Israelite
in the time of Ramses II., whose death had been fixed by Dr.
Maiden upon astronomical grounds in 1283 B.C. Meneptah's
successor was Seti II. The excavations and researches of recent
years have at last begun to throw light on the route followed by
the Israelites on their departure out of Egypt. The geography of
the Delta in the age of Moses has been recovered, and the march
of the Israelites and their flight from Egypt are beginning to be
traced. Many points still remain doubtful, but much has been
cleared up, and the main outline of the ancient map of the Delta
can now be filled up. Though the monuments of Egypt and
Assyria throw no direct light upon the history of the Israelites at
Kadesh, or their conquest of Palestine, nevertheless from time to
time Scriptural narrative is corroborated by the monuments of
antiquity. It was because Palestine ceased to be an Egyptian
province that the Hebrews were enabled under the guidance of
the God of Abraham to make for themselves a new home in
the land of Canaan.

<S)n the

Inqmsitiones ftost JKortem for
from lenrj) III. to jUdiarb
(12164485).

By EDWARD ALEXANDER FRY.

'T may be useful to those who have not had much
experience in early genealogical hisiory to state
briefly * what inquisitiones post mortem were
and wherein lies their usefulness to us in these
latter days.

Inquisitiones post mortem were one of the
most distinctive features of the feudal system in
England ; they were introduced in the reign of
Henry III., about 1216, and continuing to be
held throughout the course of nearly 450 years
were only formally abolished on the accession of Charles II. to the
throne, though they had practically ceased to be taken after 1640.

* Much fuller accounts will be found in the introduction to the
abstracts of inquisitiones published in " Dorset Records " and in various
genealogical handbooks, as, for instance, Sim's "Manual," p. 123; Rye's
" Records and Record Searching," p. 85 ; Phillimore's " How to trace the
History of a family," p. 130; and particularly the introduction to the
" Calendarium Genealogicum " by Roberts, and Mr. Scargill-Bird's
" Guide to the Public Records," p. 141.

2 INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET.

When a person, whether male or female, died seized of lands in
capite, that is holding them from the Crown, a writ was issued to
the escheator of the county directing that an inquisition should be
held in order to ascertain of what lands he died seized, of whom
and by what services the same were held, when he died, and who
was his next heir. If the heir happened to be a minor the lands
descending to him were held in ward by the Crown till he came of
age. The wardship was generally a very lucrative business, because
the rents and profits of the estate went to the person having charge
of the heir till his coming of age, so that wardships were frequently
bought from the Crown for large sums of money.

On the heir attaining his majority he had to sue out his
" ousterlemain ;" in other words he had to obtain delivery from the
Crown of the lands for which he was in ward after first proving
to the Court's satisfaction that he was of age.

As may be expected payments of a very exacting nature were
extorted on all these occasions of death, proof of age, and delivery
of lands.

It will be seen, therefore, from the above brief outline, that
Inquisitiones post mortem are very useful to genealogists of the
present day, because in them are recorded the most minute
particulars of the deceased's landed property ; names of manors long
since passed out of existence, field names, names of tenants, &c.,
&c., are often given, likewise many interesting details as to the
services by which the property was held. The date of the
deceased's death, the heir's name, relationship, and age at time of
his predecessor's death are all stated on the oath of twelve men
appointed as a jury.

Proceeding now to a few particulars respecting the Calendar of
Inquisitiones post mortem for Dorset, it should be remarked that
in 1806 it was ordered by Parliament that a calendar be printed
of the inquisitiones then kept in the Tower of London, but since
that date deposited in the Public Kecord Office. The outcome of
this order was that between 1806 and 1828 four large folio volumes
were issued under the direction of the Commissioners of Public

INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET. 3

Records, covering the period between the reigns of Henry III. and
Richard III., which volumes may be consulted in most of the
public libraries in the Kingdom.

These four volumes give the names of the people on whose
properties the inquisitiones were held and thft names of the
manors, &c., and the counties in which they are situated, but
fail to give any further information.

As a partial remedy for these omissions there appeared in 1865
two volumes entitled " Calendarium Genealogicum," by Mr. Charles
Roberts, which, for the reigns of Henry III. and Edward 1., gives
short abstracts of the inquisitiones, stating the heir and his age at
the taking of the inquisition and many other particulars omitted in
the calendars published by the Commissioners.

It was a great pity the " Calendarium Genealogicum " was not
carried out for the whole of the period covered by the official
calendar, for by combining the two one might have arrived at the
pith of all the inquisitiones down to Richard III., whereas now
recourse has to be made to the documents themselves for any
inquisition that occurs after Edward I.

The calendar of Dorset inquisitiones here given is a compilation
of all that relate to this county from these two sets of books, with
such corrections and additions as appear in the copy kept at the
Public Record Office, thus rendering it more reliable. The figures
in brackets refer to the pages of the " Calendarium Genealogicum,"
which, it will be remembered, refers to the reigns of Henry III.
and Edward I. only.

What the compiler would like to see carried out by degrees,
is, that full abstracts in English of these valuable documents
should be made as far as Dorset is concerned, when many an
obscure point in mediaeval genealogies would be cleared up and set
completely at rest. With a little combination by people interested
in these subjects, or even by a small sum devoted to it year by
year by this society, this desirable object could in course of time
be effected, and thus place Dorset foremost among the counties
having materials for a history of its early times,

INQUIS1TIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET.

In conclusion it may be added that the succeeding portion of
the calendar, namely, from Henry VII. to Charles I., including all
the Inquisitiones for Dorset in the Chancery, Exchequer, and
Court of Wards and Liveries series, is quite ready for the press,
and, if thought desirable, may form the subject of a paper in a
future volume of this society's transactions.

EDW. ALEX. FRY.

INQUISITIONES POST MORTKM FOR DORSET. 5

CALENDAR OF INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET
FROM HENRY III. TO RICHARD III. (1216-HS5).

This calendar is not confined to inquisitiones post mortem only ;
there are also inquisitiones ad quod damnuni, proofs of age,
documents dealing with the properties of lunatics and idiots,
fugitives and felons, inquisitiones taken on special occasions, as,
for instance, to ascertain boundaries, rights to hold fairs, markets,
fisheries and ferries, or to inquire into tithes, common of pasture,
and free warren.

In many of the years in Edward III.'s reign there are two
series of numbers to the inquisitiones, the second of which are
called " 2nd numbers." They are identified in this calendar by
an asterisk *, and when applying for a document thus marked
care should always be taken to add the words " 2nd numbers."

f App. Hen. III., 97 (190). Bedelleria d'nico

hundred. Regis, in com. Dors.

f 24 Edw. Ill, 53.* Places mentioned, Fytelford,

Maundevile Heis in Mershwode, and terr'. et
ten.' in Fyhide and Brokhampton.

Abbotsbury Abbey, De libertatibus suis (138) 53 Hen. III., 40.
John le Veyne for, Inq. ad q. d. (383)

15 Edw. I., 55.
John le Veyne for, Inq. ad q. d. (431)

19 Edw. 1., 74.

Thomas de Luda and Alianor his wife for,

Inq. adq. d. (701) 33 Edw. I., 242.

John de Tydelmynton for, 20 Edw. III., 11.*

9 Rich. II, 75.

jj jj

Robert Gylle, parson of Britton for,

2nd pt, 15 Rich. II., 151.

., Pro Abbot of, Inq. ad q.d. 17 Hen. VI., 63.

Abee, John 12 Edw. I.,_96.

t The names of the persons in these two inquisitions are illegible.

6 INQtliSlTiONES i>OST MORTEM FOft UOttSET.

Abergaveny, see Bergeveny.

Alayn, Aleyn, Roger, son and heir of John, Probatio cetatis (453)

20 Edw. I,, 166.

Aleyn, John (462) 21 Edw. I., 40.

Roger 14 Edw. III., 21.

Aleyn, John 24 Edw. III., 7.

Warinus 1st pt., 49 Edw. III., 2.

Albemarle, William, see William Fortibus (89) 44 Hen. III.,26.

Aliz, William, see Bindon Abbey (395) 16 Edw. I., 48.

AlnetO, John de 17 Edw. II., 41.

Ambresbury, Prioress and nuns of 17 Edw. III., SO.*

Amoundevile, Richard, chev. 24 Edw. III., 42.

Anketell, John, deest 42 Edw. III., 2.

Thomas, null 1 tenuit terr' 16 Hen. VI., 7.

Anketill, John 18 Edw. IV., 50.

ApenticiO, see Pentiz.

ArchiaCO, Adomar de 7 Edw. II., 50.

APUndell, Joan, dau. of Richard, Earl of, see Humphrey Bohun,

46 Edw. III., 10.

,, John de, mil. and Alianora his wife 3 Rich. II., 1.
,, Alianor, see Matravers, Alianor 6 Hen. IV., 31.

Richard, chev. 9 Hen. V, 15.

John, chev. 9 Hen. V., 51.

John, son of John A., chev., prob. cet. 7 Hen. VL, 78.
John, Earl of 13 Hen. VL, 37.

Matilda, Countess of 15 Hen. VI., 39.

Humphrey, son and heir of John and Matilda A.

16 Hen. VL, 50.
,, Katherine, formerly wife of Roger Leukenore

19 Edw. IV, 47.

Joan, wife of Nicholas A., of Trerishe 22 Edw. IV, 48.

Assheton, Asshton Robert de, and Elizabeth his wife, per John

Atte Mere 40 Edw. III., 12.*

Robert de, and Elizabeth, pro John de Oldelond and

John Trowe, capellani 41 Edw. III., 20,*

INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET. 7

Assheton, Robert de, chev. 7 Rich. II., 5.

Athelneye, Abbey of 7 Rich. II., 157.

Atte Brygge, Lucy, dau. and heir of Galfrid 7 Rich. II., 3.

Atte Hull, Christian, wife of John, one of the heirs of Nicholas

Walsh, 9 Hen. IV., 37.

Atte Mere, John, pro. Robert de Asshton and Elizabeth his

wife 40 Edw. III., 12.*

Atte More, Atte Moure, Adam and William, pro Byndon Abbey

29 Edw. III., 36.*

Margaret, wife of Walter, sister and heir of John

Blovill, probatio cetatis, 35 Edw. III., 140.

Joan, wife of Robert 1st pt., 36 Edw. III., 4.

Adam and Edith his wife 8 Rich. II., 4.

Robert 4 Hen. VI., 29.

Atte Mulle, Robert 6 Edw. III., 16.*

Atte Welle, Walter and Alice his wife 34 Edw. III., 11.*

Audley, Audele, Margaret, wife of Hugh de A., Earl of

Gloucester 16 Edw. III., 36.

Averay, Richard and John Roges, plac. inter eos 10 Rich. II., 111.

Axeby, Isabella, wife of John 20 Rich. II., 1 .

B Gillingham Forest, common of pasture (270) 6 Edw. I., 49.

Baehe, John 11 Hen. IV., 15.

Badlesmere, Giles de 12 Edw, III., 54a.*

,, Badelesmere, Elizabeth, see Despencer, Hugh,

2nd pt., 23 Edw. III., 169.

Bagerygg', Robert (705) 34 Edw. I., 5.

Baggerigge, Isabella de 18 Edw. II., 36.

BaiociS, Stephen de (394) 16 Edw. I., 39.

Stephen de 9 Edw. II., 45.

Balon, Joan, wife of Thomas 41 Edw. Ill, 9.

Bardolf, Drugo and Alicia his wife, pro Hyde Abbey

16 Edw. III., 48.*

Drugo, sen., pro Priory of Twynham 29 Edw. III., 27.*
John de Wyrmegeye co, Norfolk 45 Edw. III., 7.

Barel, Robert 13 Edw. II., 22.

8 INQU1SITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET.

Bares, John de and John Hamelyng, pro Cerne Abbey

2ndpt., 4 Edw. III., 110.*
Baret, Henry, Inq. touching breaking of the peace (545)

25 Edw. I., 106.

Thomas, pro Tarent Abbey 20 Edw. III., 49.*

Barnaby, Isabel 7 Hen. V., 15.

BaPPill, John, pro Abbess of Shaftesbury, de diversis libertatibus

(303), 8 Edw. I., 79.

Basset, Ralph, de Dray ton 17 Edw. III., 59.

Basynges, John de 11 Edw. III., 28.

BateCOmbe, William, pro Cerne Abbey 10 Rich. II., 102.

,, William, pro Cerne Abbey 2nd pt., 15 Rich. II., 73.

Bath and Wells, Bishop of, Robert Burnell (464)

21 Edw. I., 50,

Bavaria, Matilda, wife of William, Duke of, dau. and coheir of

Henry, Duke of Lancaster 1st part, 36 Edw. III., 37.

Bavent, Roger, feoffavit Roger B., his son and Havisia, his son's

wife 22 Edw. III., 21.*

Baynton, John, mil. 5 Edw. IV. 5 30.

Robert, of Farleston, co. Wilts, mil. attainted

12 Edw. IV. ; 15 Edw. IV., 43.

Beauchamp, Bellocampo, John de, extentce feodorum militum

(371) 14 Edw. L, 25.

j 5 Guido de, Earl of Warwick, and

Alice, his wife 9 Edw. II., 71.
Cecilia de 14 Edw. II., 38.

5> ,, John de, and Margaret, his wife

17 Edw. III., 58.
Margaret, wife of John de

1st part, 35 Edw. III., 35.

Roger de, chev. 7 Rich. II., 22.

,, Thomas, formerly Earl of Warwick

2 Hen. IV., 58.

jj Thomas, son and heir of John B., of

Rym., Prob. cet. 42 Edw. III., 74.

INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET. 9

Beauehamp, Bellocampo, John, son and heir of John, chev.

8 Hen. V., 47.
Isabella, wife of Thomas, chev.

2 Rich. III., 17.

Beaufort, John, Earl of Somerset 11 Hen. IV., 44.

,, Henry, son and heir of John, Duke of Somerset

3 Hen. VI., 18.

Edmund (Edward), Duke of Somerset 33 Hen. VI., 38.

Henry, Duke of Somerset, attainted 5 Edw. IV., 38.

Beaumont, Beamonte, Isabella, wife of Wm., arm. 2 Hen. VI., 28.

William, arm., Isabella, wife of 32 Hen. VI., 28.

John, arm., attainted 4 Edw. IV., 46, 47.

Beaupine, Margaret, wife of Thomas 10 Hen. IV., 23.

Bedek, Christiana, wife of Anthony de 19 Edw. II., 87.

,, See also Bydike.

Bedelleria d'nico hundredorum Regis in com. Dors. (190),
(No writ. Inquisition torn.) App. Hen. III., 97.
Bedford, John, Duke of 14 Hen. VI., 36.

Belet, William, de homagio et servitio (205) 1 Edw. I., 64.

Robert 12 Edw. III., 20.

,, William, and Joan his wife 12 Rich. II., 5.

Bellocampo, see Beauchamp.
Beneeumbe Manor, (Bincombe) Inquis' ad inquirend*

50 Edw. III., 55b.

Berenger, Ingelram 6 Edw. II., 65.

Ingelram 2 Edw. Ill, 147.*

Bergeveny, John de Hastynges, Lord of 18 Edw. II., 83.

Berkeley, William, and Avicia Blakeford, his wife (154)

56 Hen. III., 21.

John, chev. 6 Hen. VI., 50.

,, Berkley, Maurice, formerly of Beverston, co. Glouc.,

mil. 38 and 39 Hen. VI., 57.

Maurice, of Beverston, mil. 14 Edw. IV., 41.

Berne, William dc la, pro Ford Abbey, Inq. ad q. d. (384)

15 Edw. L, 61.

10 INQU1SITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET.

Bertelot, Robert, felo 41 Edw. III., 7a.

Robert, felo, deest 41 Edw. III., 7.*

BertOXl, [Burton, but which ?] manor, pro Dom. Rege

App. 38 Edw. III., 4.

Bettesthorne, Bettestorn, Margaret 2nd pt., 23 Edw. III., 7.

John 22 Rich. II,, 6.

John de, pro Cantaria de Meere 22 Rich. II., 99. ^

Bineombe, manor, see Benecumbe 50 Edw. III., 55b.

Bindon Abbey, Byndon Abbey, per William Aliz de Dorchester,

Inq.adq. d. (395) 16 Eiw. I., 48.
,, per William de Gouvys,

Inq. ad q. d. (430) 19 Edw. L, 56.

,, Bynedon Abbey, per Walter, son of William

Elys de Estborton 6 Edw. III., 104.*

Byndon Abbey, pro Adam and William Atte

Moure 29 Edw. III., 36.*

,, ,, per John Dygon and Gilbert

Martyn 2nd pt., 15 Rich. II., 53.

Bingham, Byngham, Robert de (580) 27 Edw. I., 157.

Robert de (655) 31 Edw. L, 181.

,, Byngham, Richard de 11 Edw. II., 51.

,, Robert and Margaret his wife 10 Hen, VI., 17.

,, Byngham, Richard, arm. 21 Edw. IV., 9.

Blake, Elizabeth, wife of John, arm. 38 and 39 Hen. VI., 27.

Blakeford, Alice (see also Berkeley, Win.) (154)

56 Hen. III., 21.

Blakeneye, Prior of 2 Edw. Til., 147.*

Blakhat, Henry, pro Wymborn Minster 29 Edw. III., 16.*

Blount, Thos. le, chev., per Thos. West, chev.

30 Edw. III., 10.*

John 34 Edw. III., 28.

Blovil, John, see Atte More, Margaret 35 Edw. III., 140.

Blyntesfeld, Richard de 34 Edw. III., 20.

Bodrugan, Henry, arm. App., 4 Edw. IV, 64.

arm, (duplicate 1) App., 5 Edw. IV., 61

INQXJISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET. 11

Bohun, John de (435) 20 Edw. I, 7.

,, Bohoun, John de, of Midhurst, Sussex, pro Prioress of

Esebourne 5 Edw. IIT., 173.*

William de, Earl of Northampton 34 Edw. III., 85.

Humphrey de, Earl of Hereford and Essex, and Joan his

wife 46 Edw. III., 10.

Bokeshulle, see Buxhull.

Bonde, Robert, nuW tenuit terr\ Deest 2 Rich. II., 1.

Bonvil, Bonevyll, John, and Elizabeth his wife 20 Rich. II., 11.

Bonvile, William 9 Hen. IV., 42b.

William, son of Thomas 14 Hen. IV., 12.

Bonville, Elizabeth, see also Stucle 2 Hen. V., 18.

Boneville, John, arm. 4 Hen. VI., ]9.

Bonevillo, Alice, wife of William B., chev., and formerly

wife of John Rodenay, chev. 4 Hen. VI., 34.

William, mil., of Chilton 1 Edw. IV., 37.

Thomas, arm. 6 Edw. IV., 46.

Elizabeth, Lady Harrington, wife of William

Lord B. J 1 Edw. IV., 64.

Botiller, Botyller, John de, 2 extentce manerii (310) 9 Edw. I., 41.

John de 3 Edw. II., 53.

Johnle 11 Edw. II., 14.

Botreaux, Isabella, wife of William 21 Edw. III., 86,

Lord of, John Stafford, mil. 6 Hen. VI., 39.

William, mil. 2 Edw. IV., 15.

Boun, Francis de (202) 1 Edw. I., 39.

Boupoyne, Thomas 5 Hen. IV., 40.

Boys, John, parson of Ham Mohum, pro Priory of Christchurch

2nd pt., 16 Rich. II., 87.
Bradeford, Robert de, pro Priory of St. Augustin, Sherborne

17 Edw. III., 16.*

BrankeSCOmbe, Rich, de, see Hugh Courtney 18 Edw. III., 70.*

Brecore, Brekore Reginald 21 Rich. II., 3.

Reginald 3 Hen. VI., 3S.

William, son of Reginald, fatuus 16 Hen. VI., 12.

12 INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET.

Brett, Bret, William le (140) 54 Hen. III., 11.

Moises (Moysen) le (332) 11 Edw. I., 39.

Bret, Ralph le 2nd pt., 23 Edw. III., 19.

see also Bedek.
Byndon, see Bindon.

Caleshale, William de, and Cecilia his wife (701), lie. feoff.,
pro Ralph de Gorges, and Alianor his wife,
Inq. ad q. d. 33 Edw. I., 237.

CalmeSCOte, Walter de, pro Middleton (Milton) Abbey

40 Edw. III., 41.*

Calne, Herbert de (497, 508) 23 Edw, I., 15, 92.

Cantilupo, George de, Inq. p.m. and also probatio cetatis (197

1 Edw. L, 16).

Cappes, Elizabeth, wife of Robert 13 Edw. IV., 60.

Cardigan, Alice, wife of Lodewich 4 Hen. VL, 11,

14 INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET.

Carent, Carente, William 22 Edw. III., 27.

Carrant, Joan, wife of John, arm., null' tenuit terr'

5 Edw. IV., 51.

William, arm. 16 Edw. IV., 46.

Carant John 18 Edw. IV., 5.

,, William, with John Cole and James Dernford

19 Edw. IV., 35.

Carminow, Carmynou, Ralph, cliev. 10 Rich. II., 11.

,, Carmyuowe, Thomas, arm. 21 Hen. VI., 46.

Gary, Thomas, per Richard Maury. Abbott of Middleton (Milton)

25 Edw. III., 39.*

Thomas 30 Edw. III., 37.

,, Thomas, son and heir of Thomas, probatio cetatis

31 Edw. III., 69.

Catewey, John, null' tenuit terr' 8 Edw. IV., 13.

Cauey, Matilda 34 Edw. III., 57.

Cauntebreg'g', Matilda de 6 Edw. III., 47.

Caunvyll, John, arm. 29 Hen. VI., 32.

Cerne, Henry de, (520) 24 Edw. L, 39.

John de 18 Edw. III., 35.

Richard, arm. 9 Hen. VI., 38.

Cerne Abbey, per Richard de Porte?, de Inq. ad q. d. (724)

34 Edw. L, 163.
per John de Bares and John Hamelyn

4 Edw. III., 110.*

per William de Whytefelde 9 Edw. III., 28.*

per William Batecombe and John Watercombe

10 Rich. II., 102.
per William Batecombe and Edward Stykelane

2nd pt. 15 Rich. II., 73.
per Richard Chidiok and Joan his wife

17 Rich. II., 100; 18 Rich. IL, 68.

i ,< Abbot of (John Godmanston) 18 Hen. VI., 72.

,, ,, John Godmanston, Abbott of

38 and 39 Hen, VI., 39.

INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET. 15

Cervhlgton, see Servington.

Chaleote, William 1 Rich. IIL, 4.

Chapman, Hugh le, of Gussich 11 Edw. III., 8.

John, of Gussyche 19 Rich. II., 18.

Charleton, near Spettisbury, see Sturminster Marshall.
Chebeseye, William dc, see Hugh Courtney, Earl of Devon

18 Edw. IIL, 70.*

Chedder, Thomas, arm. 21 Hen. VI., 55.

CheselbOUrne, Walter, parson of, pro Middleton (Milton) Abbey

32 Edw. III., 86.*

Chetelton, William de, chev. 21 Edw. III., 11.

Chevancea, consuct' de, Inq. ad. q. d. 20 Hen. VI., 4.

Cheverel, Alexander 4 Edw. II., 37.

Cheverell, Walter, arm. 22 Edw. IV., 45.

Cheyne, Cheyny, Ralph, chev. 2 Hen. IV., 52.

Edmund, mil. 9 Hen. VI., 42.

Cecilia, wife of William, mil. 9 Hen. VI., 42.

Joan, widow of William, mil. 12 Hen. VI., 39.

ChidiOCk, Chydyok, John, chev., and Isabella his wife, feoff.

Richard Tybbe, parson of Frome Whytefeld

33 Edw. III., 30 *
,, Chidyok, John, chev., pro Abbey of Mount Carmel in

Wales 39 Edw. IIL, 17.*

Chidyoke, John de 11 Rich. II., 14.

,, Chidyok, John, jun., mil. 14 Rich. II., 62.

John and Alianor his wife, per Matthew Gourney,

chev. 14 Rich. II., 78.

,, Richard and Joan his wife, pro Cernc Abbey

17 Rich. II., 100 ; 18 Rich. II., 68.

Chediok, John, chev. 3 Hen. V., 58.

,, John, son and heir of John C., chev, prolatio

ceiatis 1 Hen. VI., 73.

,, Alianora, widow of John, mil. 12 Hen. VL, 38.

Chydiok, John, mil. 28 Hen. VL, 26.

Katherine 1 Edw. IV., 26,

16 INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET.

ChilteCOmbe, Ivo de, pro John de Poundfold, parson of Chilte-

combe 41 Edw. Ill, 19.*

Choke, Richard, mil. 1 Rich. Ill, 40.

Christchurch Priory, co. Hants, see Twyneham.

Cifrewast, Syfrewast, Joan, wife of Robert 28 Edw. Ill, 57.

John, son of Robert 34 Edw. Ill, 18.

Robert 34 Edw. Ill, 67.

5) John, son of Elizabeth C, consanquin. and

heir of Robert C., and Johanna his wife, probatio cetatis

34 Edw. Ill, 95.

Clare, Richard de, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, extent', manor'.

(107) 47 Hen. Ill, 34.

,, Gilbert de, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, Inq. p. m.

No writ (529) 24 Edw. I, 107.

Thomas de 28 Edw. I, 62.

,, Gilbert and Joan de, Earl and Countess of Gloucester and

Hertford 35 Edw. I, 47.

Gilbert, son of Thomas de (590) 1 Edw. II, 45.

Gilbert de, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford 8 Edw. II, 68.

Thomas, son of Rich, de, nuW tenuit terr' 15 Edw. II, 14.

Clarence, Lionel, Duke of, and Eliz. his wife,

1st pt, 43 Edw. Ill, 23.
George, Duke of, attainted, and Isabella his wife

18 Edw. IV, 46, 47.
,, Isabella, wife of George, Duke of, attainted

18 Edw. IV, 46, 47.

Clavell, Clavyll, William 17 Rich. II, 109.

Claville, William 3 Hen. IV, 39.

Clerbeck, Clerbek, Henry de (520) 24 Edw. I, 45.

Elizabeth, and Walter Hodebovile (732) ;

(the writ is of 34th year)

35, Edw. I, 21 ; 3 Edw. II, 31.

Clerebek, Joan de 6 Edw. III., 11.

Clifford, Robert de, and Isabella his wife 18 Edw. Ill, 50.

Clinton, Clynton, John de, of Maxtoke, co. Warw. 18 Edw. Ill, 4.*

INQUISIT10NES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET. 17

Clop ton, Christiana, wife of Richard 14 Hen. IV., 13.

Cobham, Reginald, sen., chev. 4 Hen. IV., 34.

Alianor, see Alianor Matravers 6 Hen. IV., 31.

Coker, Michaela, widow of Robert C., arm, see also Robert Derby

4 Hen. VI., 38.
Cole, John, with William Carrant and James Dernford

19 Edw. IV., 35.

Consuet' de Chevancea, Inq. ad q. d. 20 Hen. VI., 4.

Corfe, Bishop of Salisbury, de liberiate sua infra manerium de

(576) 27 Edw. L, 116.

Corf, John, clericus 47 Edw. III., 69.*

,, Castle, pro Dom. Rege. de inquirendo App. 4 Rich. II., 128.

Cornwall, Edward, Earl of, no writ (588) 28 Edw. I., 44.

Corseombe, West, Phillip, parson of 8 Rich. II., 107.

COPyndon, Peter de, pro Sherborne Abbey,

2ndpt., 16 Rich. II., 117.

Couk, Roger le, of Melebury 3 Edw. III., 54.

CoUPteney, Courtenay, John de (212) 2 Edw. L, 27.

Courtney, Hugh (363), Deest 13 Edw. L, 98.

Courtenay, Hugh (449) 20 Edw. I., 133.

Hugh, sen., per John and Alice Everard,

5 Edw. III., 32a*

Hugh, (1st) Earl of Devon 14 Edw. III., 27.

,, feoffavit, William de Chebes-

eye and Richard de Brankescombe

18 Edw. III., 70.*

Courtney, Hugh de, Earl of Devon, and Margaret his

wife, feoff. Robert de Vaggescombe

47 Edw. Ill, 65.*
Elizabeth, wife of Hugh de C., jun.

1st pt., 49 Edw. III., 27.

f Hugh de, (2nd ?) Earl of Devon 51 Edw. III., 6.
Hugh de, (2nd 1) Earl of Devon 1 Rich. II., 12.

t Perhaps Hugh, the grandson of the 2nd Earl, see Vivian's Visit, of
Devon, p. 244

18 INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET.

Courteney, Margaret, wife of Hugh, (2nd) Earl of Devon

1st pt., 15 Rich. II., 16.

Courtenay, Peter, chev. 6 Hen. IV., 38.

Phillip, chev. 7 Hen. IV., 51.

Courtney, Edward, (3rd) Earl of Devon 7 Hen. V., 75.

Hugh, (4th) Earl of Devon 10 Hen. V. 29b.

M Hugh, (4th) who died temp. Hen. IV., (sic,

but should be V.) 1 Hen. VI., 63.

Richard, Bp. of Norwich 3 Hen. VI., 24.

Hugh, chev. 3 Hen. VI., 30.

Courteneye, Hugh, chev., mel 1 inquir* 9 Hen. VI. ,58.

Ann, Countess of Devon (widow of Hugh, 4th Earl)

19 Hen. VI., 40.

Thomas, (5th) Earl of Devon 36 Hen. VI., 38.

Courtney, Philip, mil. 3 Edw. IV., 29.

Cove, Henry de, citizen and mercer of London 24 Edw. III., 30.*
Henry, feoff. William Wayn and Richard le Hayward

26 Edw. III., 10.*

,, Henry de, citizen and merchant, of London, for William

Fillol and Margaret his wife 27 Edw. III., 40.*

Coventry and Lichfield, Bp. of, see Lichfield (527) 24 Edw. I., 75.

Cranborne Priory of, per Henry le Gulden 7 Edw. III., 55.*

Manor, inquisition, deest 20 Edw. IV., 98.

Chase, extent 22 Edw. IV., 59.

Crauford, Nicholas de, parson of Gillingham, Tithes (247)

4 Edw. I., 92.

CreSSy, John, sen. 9 Hen. IV., 13.

CrOWell, Robert, parson of, feoff. John, son of John Mautravers

39 Edw. III., 8.*

Crukeme, Thomas de 2 Edw. III., 98.*

Richard de, capellanus 33 Edw. III., 23.*

Cecilia, wife of John de, one of the heirs of Concilia (?),

wife of Stephen Laundy 40 Edw. III., 77.

Crokehorn, John, formerly of South Peret

28 Hen. VI., 17.

INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET. 19

Cruket, William de 7 Edw. II., 35.

Cyfrewast, see Cifrewast.

Daeeombe, William 9 Hen. VI., 27.

Dacre, Humphrey 4 Edw. IV., 46, 47.

Dare, William, capellanus, for William, Vicar of Lym (Lyme),

2 Edw. III., 136 *

Darell, Elizabeth 4 Edw. IV., 13.

Davillers, Bath'us, Bartholomew (?), son of John 5 Edw. III., 76.

De la Lynde, John, also a document relating to John de la

Tour mentioned (193) 1 Edw. I., "2.

De la Launde, John son of James, mentioned in

an inq. p. m. of Roger, Bishop of Coventry and

Lichfield (527) 24 Edw. I., 75.

William 12 Edw. II., 36.

Galfrid 19 Edw. III., 42.

De la Warr, Lord, Richard West 16 Edw. IV., 62.

Denebaude, John 14 Rich. II., 18.

Derby, Stephen, mil. App. 8 Rich. II., 110.

,, Stephen, chev., and Alice his wife, pro Capellanus de

Lange blandford 2nd pt., 15 Rich. II., 119.

Anicia, wife of Stephen, mil. 8 Hen. V., 81.

Robert, and Michaela his wife 9 Hen. V., 49.

Walter 12 Hen. VI., 28.

Dernford, James, with John Cole and William Can-ant

19 Edw. IV., 35.

Despencer, Hugh le l Edw. ill., 59.*

Hugh le, de forisfact. App. 4 Edw. III., 50.

Hugh, and Elizabeth his wife, relict of Giles de

Badelesmere 2nd pt, 23 Edw. III., 169.

Devenish, Devenisshe, Thomas, and Eliz. his wife 47 Edw. III., 10.

,, Thomas, son of Thomas 5 Rich. II., 19.

Deverel, John and Elizabeth his wife, and John Matravers

5 Edw. Ill, 81.*

Elias de, sen. 6 Edw. III., 59.*

Elias, pro Priory of Twynham 6 Edw. III., 97.*

20 ISQUI8ITIOKBS POST MORTEM FOR DORSET.

Devereux, John 6 Rich. II., 29.

Deverose, John 7 Hen. V., 60.

Devon, Countess of, Amicia, formerly wife of Baldwin de Insula,

Earl of Devon, Inquisition p. m. and Extents terrarum,

(348) 12 Edw. I., 33.

(1st) Earl of, Hugh Courteney 14 Edw. III., 27.

see Hugh Courteney 47 Edw. III., 65.*

(2nd?) Hugh Courteney f 51 Edw. III., 6.

(2nd) Hugh Courteney 1 Eich. II., 12.

,, (2nd) ,, Margaret, wife of Hugh Courteney

1st pt., 15 Rich. II., 16.

(3rd) Edward Courteney 7 Hen. V., 75.

(4th) Hugh Courteney 10 Hen. V., 29b.

,, Countess of, Ann (widow of Hugh, 4th Earl)

19 Hen. VI., 40.

(5th) Earl of, Thomas Courteney 36 Hen. VI., 38.

Humphrey Stafford 9 and 10 Edw. IV., 30.

Dixon, Thomas, arm. 16 Edw. IV., 43.

Doget, Peter, of Corfe, pro Priory of Wareham, Inq. ad q. d.,

(395) 16 Edw. L, 46.

Doneehirehe, Galfrid de, per William de Kaynes

3 Edw. III., 38.*
DOPChesteP, Burgesses of, de inquirend* apud, &c.

11 Edw. III., 98.*

Hospital of St. John, Inquis. de terris pertirf ad

33 Edw. III., 88.*

Dorset, County of, Inquis. touching breaking the peace in, by

Henry Baret (545) 25 Edw. L, 106.

and Southampton, Counties of, Perambulation of

Boundaries of ^PP- 18 Edw. III., 57.

Dygon, John, pro Bindon Abbey 2nd pt., 15 Rich. II., 53.

EderoSUS, Priory of, co. ?, per Benedict Brocas, mil.

2ndpt., 16 Rich. II., 83.

t Perhaps Hugh, the grandson of the 2nd Earl. See Vivian's Visit, of
Devon, p. 244.

INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET. 2l

Edmund, brother of the King, see Lancaster, Duke of, Inq. ad q. d.

(486) 22 Edw, I., 49.

Edryngton (sic.), Thomas, see Erdington 12 Hen. VI., 23.

Elys, Walter, son of William de, of Estborton, pro Abbot of

Bynedon 6 Edw. III., 104.*

Engeham, Ingham, alias Oliver de (315) 10 Edw. L, 4.

England, Isabella, Queen of 32 Edw. III., 43.

EFdington, Henry de (334), extenta maner' 11 Edw. I., 50.

Erdyngton, Thomas de, chev. 18 Kich. II., 15.

Elizabeth, wife of Giles de

1st pt., 49 Edw. III., 46.
,, ,, Margaret, wife of Thomas, mil.

6 Hen. IV., 27.
,, (Edryngton) Thomas, arm.

12 Hen. VI., 23.

Sibilla, wife of Thomas, arm. 13 Hen. VI., 23.

EsebOUFne, Prioress of, per John de Bohoun

5 Edw. III., 173.*

Essex, Earl of, Humphry de Bohun 46 Edw. III., 10.

Everard, William (277) 7 Edw. I., 5.

Edmund, per William Everard, p'sona eccl' de Colstre-

worth 2 Edw. III., 87.*

,, William, p'sona eccl' de Colstreworth, pro Edmund

Everard 2 Edw. III., 87.*

,, John and Alice his wife, pro Hugh de Courtney, sen.

5 Edw. III., 32a.*

Edmund 15 Edw. II., 43.

William 17 Edw. III., 27.

,, Edmund, chev., feoff. Thomas Lydyard

39 Edw. III., 28.*

Edmund, mil. 44 Edw. III., 26.

Exeter, Chapter of St. Peter's, per John son of William de

Brudeport 2 Edw. III., 94.*

Eyr, William le 25 Edw. III., 13.

Faleyse, Elias de la, (215) extentce terrarum 2 Edw. I., 52.

22 INQUIS1TIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET.

Farendon, Farndon, John de 3 Edw. III., 30.*

Thomas de 3 Edw. Ill, 63.

Christina, wife of Thomas de, per John de Farendon

4 Edw. III., 40.*
John de, pro Christina, wife of Thomas de

4 Edw. III., 40 *

John de 8 Edw. III., 80.*

John, De ejedione, $c. (115) 49 Hen. III., 21.

Farringdon, Margaret, now Well 22 Edw. IV., 38.
Farndon, see Farendon.
Farringdon, see Farendon.

Fauntleroy, John, null' tenuit terr' 18 Hen. VI., 46.

Fighelton, John de, and Christina his wife, daughter of Galfrid
Not 32 Edw. III., 1.*

Fillol, William and Margaret his wife, per Henry de Cove

27 Edw. Ill, 40.*

John 4 Hen. IV., 33.

William 3 Hen. V., 51.

Filolle, John 7 Edw. IV., 38.

,, FyllolJ, William, son and heir of John F., arm., dec.,

probatio cetatis 12 Edw. IV., 56.

Fitz-Herbert, Reginald de 20 Edw. III., 48.

Reginald 33 Edw. Ill, 115.*

,, Edmund, chev., and Joan his wife 10 Rich. II., 18.

Fitz-Hugh, William, mil. 31 Hen. VL, 43.

Fitz-Nicholas, Robert (198) 1 Edw. I., 19.

FitZ-Montague, John, see John Montague 7 Rich. II., 83.

FitZ-Payn, Robert (307) 9 Edw. L, 23.

Robert, lie. feoff ^ pro John Maundevill, Inq. ad q. d.

(696) 33 Edw. L, 182.

Robert and Isabella his wife 9 Edw II., 63.

Robert and Ela his wife 28 Edw. III., 41.

Ela, wife of Robert 30 Edw. III., 14,

Robert and Elizabeth his wife, pro John de Vere,

Earl of Oxford 33 Edw. III. 8.*

Robert, chev. 1st pt., 16 Rich. II., 12.

INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET. 23

Fitz-Peers, Lucy, dau. of Reginald F.-P., wife of Hugh

Punchardon 8 Hen. VI., 29.

FitZ-PeteP, Joanna de Vivonia (Vinonia sic.), wife of Reginald

8 Edw. II., 42.
Fitz-Reginald, William, see William de Lulleworth (92)

45 Hen. III., 6.

Fitz-Reynaud, Peter 16 Edw. II., 57.

Peter 20 Edw. II., 40.

Reginald 2 Edw. III., 40.

Fitz-Reynauld, Alice, wife of Reginald

33 Edw. Ill, 96.*

FitZ-RogeF, Henry, and Elizabeth his wife 26 Edw. Ill, 37.
Fitz-Waryn, William, feoffavit John de Haddon, &c.

18 Edw. Ill, 52.*

Fitz-Waren, William 1st pt., 35 Edw. III., 87.

Ivo 2 Hen. V., 38.

Fitz-William, Regniald, alias Reginald, son of William de

Lullworth (92) 45 Hen. III., 6.

Folvylle, Roger, and Elizabeth his wife 6 Rich. II., 40, 184.

Ford Abbey, per William de la Berne, Inq. ad q. d. (61)

15 Edw. I., 61.

Fordington, Fortyngton, Manor of, extent'. App. 18 Rich. II., 111.
ForneilX, John de, see John de Grede, App. 10 Edw. III.. 75.
Fortibus, William de [Earl of Albemarle] (Suffolk, Essex) (89)

44 Hen. III., 26.
William de [or de Vivonia] (Dorset) 44 Hen. III., 26.

Fox, Stephen le, rectatns, by the death of Isabella de Worthe (97)

45 Hen. III., 52.
Frampton, Frompton, Walter 13 Rich. II., 19.

John, of Childefrome 14 Rich. II., 21.

Alice, wife of Robert 34 Hen. VI., 19.

Robert, arm. 4 Edw. IV., 35.

Fremantell, als. Gowys, Alianora, wife of John de 7 Hen. V., 56.

Frere, Joan, wife of Henry le 1st pt., 36 Edw. III., 68.

Frorne, John 6 Hen. IV., 14.

24 INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET.

Frye, William, 5 Hen. VI., 46.

Fyllol, see Fillol

Fynderne, Thomas, attainted 6 Edw. IV., 52.

Fyton, Richard, arm. null' tenuitterr' 16 Hen. VI., 2.

Gambon, William and Cecilia his wife 17 Rich. II., 26.

Richard, son and heir of William 8 Hen V., 52.

Richard, son of Richard, son and heir of William

App, 8 Hen. V., 52.

,, John, arm., and Elena his wife 12 Hen. VI., 29.

Gascelyn, Gacelyn, Galfrid (315) 10 Edw. I., 5.

Gasselyn, Elizabeth, wife of Galfrid 18 Rich. IL, 17.

Galfrid, son of Edmund 1st pt., 49 Edw. III., 58.

Gaveston, Margaret, formerly wife of Peter de G., now wife of

Hugh de Audele, Earl of Gloucester 16 Edw. III., 36.

Gerarde, William, null' tenuit terr' 22 Hen. VI., 50.

Gervase, John (135) 53 Hen. III., 15.

Gorvays, John, extenta terr' (306) 9 Edw. I., 18.

Giffard, Gilford, Osbert and Alice Murdac, extenta terr' (18)

31 Hen. III., 41.

Osbert, de malefactoribus, $c. (488) 22 Edw. I., 79.
Gillingham, parish of, Nicholas parson of, concerning tithes (247)

4 Edw. I, 92.

,, for inhabitants of town of (Forest, common of

pasturage) (270) 6 Edw. I., 49.

Forest, pro Domino Rege App. 38 Edw. III., 54.

Glanvil, Glaunvylle, Sibilla de, pro Cap. de Maxstok

18 Edw. III., 90a.*
GlastonbUPy Abbey, per William son of Richard Tilley

6 Edw. III., 4a.*

per Hugh Penbrigge 37 Edw. III., 62.*

3 j de Ucenc 1 appropriand' 14 Rich. II., 64.

Gloucester and Hertford, Earl of, Richard de Clare, pxtentce

manoriorum, c. (107) 47 Hen. III., 34.

Gilbert de Clare. No writ.

24 Edw. I., 107.

INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET. 25

Gloucester and Hertford, Earl of, Joan, wife of Gilbert de

Clare (738) 35 Edw. I., 47.
Gilbert de Clare

8 Edw. II., 63.
,, Earl of, Margaret, wife of Hugh de Audeley

16 Edw. III., 36.

Duke of, Thomas Bund. Forisfact. 21 Rich. II., 5g.

Humphrey 25 Hen. VI., 26.

Goce, or Gooz, John 5 Edw. II., 42.

Godmaston, or Godmanston, John

18 Hen. VI., 72 ; 38 and 39 Hen. VI., 39.
Gogh, see Gough

Golde, Edward, pro Prior of Wareham 3 Edw. III., 106.*

GOOZ, or Goce, John 5 Edw. II., 42.

Gorges, Ralph de 18 Edw. I., 16.

Elena de (412) 20 Edw. I., 33.

Thomas de and Emma his wife (685) 33 Edw. L, 50.

Ralph and Cecilia his wife, lie. feoff., per William de

Caleshale and Cecilia his wife, Inq. ad q. d. (701)

33 Edw. L, 237.

Ralph de 17 Edw. IL, 65.

Theobald, mil., and Agnes his wife 4 Rich. II., 28.

,, Ralph, chev., son and heir of Theobald, chev.

5 Rich. IL, 26.

Theobald, chev. 11 Rich II., 65.

Bartholomew 20 Rich. II., 26.

Agnes, wife of Theobald 2 Hen. IV., 17.

John, son of Thomas 2 Hen. V., 46.

Florence, wife of John 1 Hen. VI., 13.

Theobald 9 and 10 Edw. IV., 59.

Richard, arm. 20 Edw. IV., 93.

Gorvays, see Gervase

Gough, Gogh, Morgan, nulT tenuii ten-' 3 Hen. VI., 44.

Margaret, widow of Morgan 19 Hen. VI., 26.

Gouis, see Govis

26 INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET.

Gournay, Matthew, chev., pro John Chidiok and Alianor his

wife U Rich. II., 78.

GoviS, Gouyz, Robert, extenta terr' (2) 20 Hen. III., 15.

Gouvyz, William de, pro Bindon Abbey, Inq. ad q. d.

(430) 19 Edw. L, 56.

Gouis, William de (571) 27 Edw. I, 53.

Alice de, Inquis. de herede ejusdem 4 Edw. II., 4.

Gouvys, Petronilla, wife of William de 19 Edw. II., 34.

Gouys, Agnes, wife of John 44 Edw. III., 29.

,, Govys, Agnes, wife of John 2 Rich. II., 24.

,, Gowys, Fremantell, als. Alianora, wife of John de

7 Hen. V., 56.

Grede, John de, of Farthyngton 24 Edw. III., 1.

., Alice, wife of William G., kin and heir of John de

Forneux, dec., probatio cetatis App. 10 Edw. III., 75.

Grey, Robert 15 Edw. IV., 11.

Grundevell, William, pro Abbot of Shaston 1 Edw. III., 113.*

Guldene, Roger le, per Peter de Rabayn App. 16 Edw. II., 27.

,, Henry le [pro Priory of Coventry] ? 7 Edw. III., 55.*

and Elizabeth his wife 8 Edw. III., 55.

Alan de, breve tantum 1st pt., 35 Edw. III., 90.

,, William, and Alice his wife 2 Rich. II., 97.

Gylle, Robert, parson of Britton, pro Abbotsbury Abbey

2ndpt., 15 Richard IL, 151.

Haddon, John de,feoffavit per WilliamFitz-waryn lSEdw.III.,52.*

Henry de 22 Edw. III., 33.

Alianora de 1st pt., 35 Edw. Ill, 96.

Hamelyn, Hamely, Joan, wife of John 48 Edw. III., 35.

John, and John de Bares, pro Cerne Abbey

4 Edw. III., 110.*
John, chev. 22 Rich. IL, 25.

Hamond, Alice 17 Rich. IL, 79.

22 Rich. II., 85.

Harrington, Elizabeth Lady, wife of William, Lord Boneville

11 Edw. IV., 64.

INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET. 27

Hastings, John de, Petitio (184) uncertain, Hen. III., 280.

Hastynges, John de, Lord of Bergeveny 18 Edvv. II., 83.

Hasylden, William 20 Edw. IV., 2.

Havering:, Richard de, Knt. (123) 51 Hen. III., 12.

Haym, John 8 Hen. V., 112.

Hayward, Richard le, and Win. Waryn, feoff. Henry Cove

26 Edw. III., 10.*

Hele, Nicholas 1 Hen. V., 43.

Heleton, John de 5 Edw. III., 7.

HendOVer, Richard, arm. 21 Hen. VI., 29.

Henton, Rowland, and Joanna his wife 10 Hen. VI., 31.

Hereford, Earl of, Humphrey de Bolmn 46 Edw. III., 10.

Hertele, Alice, wife of Adoe de 2 Edw. II., 55.

Hertford, Earl of, see Clare.
Hertleye, William de 6 Edw. II., 50.

Hertrigge, John de 3 Edw. II., 47.

Heryng 1 , Raymond 46 Edw. III., 29.

John 34 Hen. VI., 21.

Heytefeld, Isabella, widow of Stephen, arm. 15 Hen. VI., 47.
Higins, see Hygens

HodebOVllle, Walter, and Elizabeth Clerbek (732) 35 Edw. I., 21.
Walter de, hereditate de Eliz. de Clerbeck his wife

3 Edw. II., 31.

Hody, Alexander, mil. 1 Edw. IV., 34.

Holand, Thos. de, Earl of Kent, and Alesia, his wife 20 Rich. II., 30.

Matilda, see John Lovell 9 Hen. IV., 29.

Horsey, John, chev. 1 Hen. VI., 20.

,, Horsy, Alice, widow of John, mil., nuW tenuit ten- 1

13 Hen. VI., 2.

Horsy, William, melius inquirend' 26 Hen. VI., 26.

Henry, arm. 1 Edw. IV., 25.

Thomas 8 Edw. IV., 32.

Hospital of St. John, Dorchester, Inquis' de terris, $c., pertirt ad

33 Edw. III., 88.*
of Holy Cross, Wynton 6 Edw. IV., 59.

28 INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET.

Houton, William, see Ptilham West, Inq. ad q.d. 15 Hen. VI., 4.
Hull, Edward, mil., nulV tenuit terr' 32 Hen. VI., 41.

HungerfOPd, Walter, mil. 27 Hen. VI., 30.

Alianor, wife of Walter, mil. 33 Hen. VI., 35.
Huse, see Hussey.

Hussey, Huse, Roger, son of John, kin and heir of John Berewyk,

probatio cetatis App. 1 Edw. III., 103.

Husee, Roger 1st pt., 35 Edw. III., 98.

Huse, Margaret, wife of Roger, widow of Herbert St.

Quintin 1st pt., 35 Edw. III., 99.

Husey, Thomas, arm. 8 Edw. IV., 52.

Husee, John, non compos mentis 20 Edw. IV., 3.

Husey, John, arm. 1 Rich. III., 36.

Hyde, Hugh de la (667) 32 Edw. I, 57.

Hyde Abbey, per Drugo Bardolf and Alicia his wife

16 Edw. III., 48.*

Hygyns, Agnes 19 Edw. IV., 6.

Hynton, John de, mil. App. 29 Edw. III., 51.

Isabella, Queen of England 32 Edw. III., 43.

Ingham, alias Engeham, Oliver de (315) 10 Edw. L, 4.

,, Oliver de,f partition among heirs of 18 Edw. III., 49.

Insula, Emma, wife of Jordan de (168) uncertain, J Hen. III., 64.

,, Amicia, formerly wife of Baldwin de, Earl of Devon,

extentce terrarum (348) 12 Edw. I., 33.

,, Bartholomew de, and Elizabeth his wife 19 Edw. III., 52.

Iweyn, Gilbert, felo (589) 28 Edw. L, 56.

Joce, Walter (113), Deest 49 Hen. III., 2.

Joan, Princess of Wales, mother of King Richard II.

9 Rich. II., 54,

Kane', Radulphus de, De escliaeta (71) 40 Hen. III., 39.

Kayle, John, and Elizabeth his wife 7 Rich. II., 48.

Thomas, son and heir of John 18 Rich. II., 26.

Thomas, son and heir of John 20 Rich. II., 33

t Several Dorset places mentioned though included in Wiltshire.
J There is another Inq. p.m., of Emma de Insula (47), 37 Hen. III., 2.

INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET. 29

Kaynes, Kayhanes, Letitia de (283) 7 Edw. I., 28.

Robert de (317) 10 Edw. L, 16.

Kobert de, pro William de Kaynes, Inq. ad q. d. (727)

34 Edw. L, 213.

Wm. de, pro Galfrid de Donecherche 3 Edw. III., 38.*

William de 18 Edw. III., 20.

,, Thomas, son and heir of John 22 Edw. III., 59.

Keynes, Margaret de 1st pt., 35 Edw. III., 108.

John de 40 Edw. III., 22.

John, son of de K., chev., and Wentiliana his

sister 50 Edw. III., 35.

Elizabeth 9 Rich. II., 29.

,, John, senior 7 Hen. V.. 69.

,, ,, John, junior 8 Hen. V., 95.

William, null tenuit terr' 38-39 Hen, VI., 19.

John 20 Edw. IV., 75.

Kelway, William, arm. 9-10 Edw. IV., 9.

Kemesey, John de, deest 2nd pt., 23 Edw. III., 22.

Kemys, John 16 Edw. IV., 56.

John and Margaret, his wife 17 Edw. IV., 16.

Margaret 17 Edw. IV., 16.

Kendale, Isabella, wife of John

8 Hen. IV., 58, 2 Hen. V., 17.

Kent, Kane', Ralph de, De escliaeta (71) 40 Hen. III., 39.

Joan of, Princess of Wales, mother of Richard II.

9 Rich. II., 54.
,, Earl of, Thomas de Holand, and Alesia, his wife

20 Rich. II., 30.

KentCOmbe, Christina 1 Hen. IV., 57.

Keynes, see Kaynes.
Knoyle, Knoyell Thomas, pro Abbey of Sherborne

35 Edw. III., 37.*

Thomas 20 Edw. IV., 63.

Kyngeston, Robert de, Decanus de cap. de St. Cutberge in

Wymborn Minster App. 21 Edw. III., 71.

30 INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET.

Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, Henry and Margaret Longespee, formerly

his wife 4 Edw. II, 51.

Joan, wife of Henry L., Earl of Lincoln 16 Edw. II., 13.

Lancaster, Duke of, Edmund Plantagenet, Inq. ad q. d., pro

Sororibus Minorissis extra Algate, London

(486) 22 Edw. L, 49.

Edmund Plantagenet (541, 548)

25 Edw. L, 51, 127.
,, Henry Plantagenet

Istpt., 35 Edw. III., 122.

Matilda, dau. and coh.'of Henry Plantagenet and wife

of William, Duke of Bavaria

1st pt., 36 Edw. III., 37.

Lange blandford, capell de, per Stephen Derby, chev., and
Avice his wife 2nd pt., 15 Rich. II., 119.

LatimeP, Latymer, John de, and Joan his wife 10 Edw. III., 15.

Joan, wife of John, chev. 20 Edw. III., 40.

Margaret, wife of William, dau. and heir of John Maury,

prolatio cdatis 29 Edw. III., 59.

,, ,, Katherine, wife of Robert, chev.

36 Edw. III., 38.*

Robert, chev. 40 Edw. III., 61.*

,, Robert, chev., and Katherine his wife

5 Rich. II., 36.
,, John, arm., nuW tenuit terr'

38-39 Hen. VI., 7.

Nicholas, mil., attainted 5 Edw. IV., 39.

Laundy, Stephen, see Crukern, Cecilia
Leg"h, David de, pro Sherborne Abbey Inq. ad q. d. (430)

19 Edw. L, 55.

Lekford, Richard de, et aliis, pro Shaftesbury Abbey, Inq. ad q. d.
(741) 35 Edw. 1., 85.

Lenard, John, of Neunmlle 8 Edw. III., 23.*

LeSCPOp', Philipa, wife of Henry, of Massan, chev. 8 Hen. IV., 54.
LeSSington, Robert de, extenta manerii (27) 34 Hen, III., 9.

INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET. 31

Lestrange, Lestraunge, Elizabeth, widow of Richard, mil.

nuW tenuit terr' 32 Hen. VI., 18.

le Straunge, Richard, mil. 33 Hen. VI., 12.

,, see also Straunge.

LeukeilOPe, Katherine Arundel, formerly wife of Roger

19Edw. IV., 47.
Levisham, John 8 Hen. V., 57.

Leye, John, arm. 31 Hen. VI., 25.

LeyeS, Alice, wife of Galfrid de 5 Edw. II., 59.

Leyot, William 17 Edw. IV., 17.

Lichfield and Coventry, Roger, Bishop of, mentions James and
John De la lynde (527) 24 Edw. L, 75.

Lincoln, Alured, alias Alfred de (110) 48 Hen. III., 19.

,, Earl of, Henry Lacy and Margaret Longespee, formerly

his wife 4 Edw. II., 51.

,, Joan, wife of Henry Lacy, Earl of 16 Edw. II., 13.

Countess of, Alesia 22 Edw. III., 34.

Lisle, Lysle, John de, and Matilda his wife 45 Edw. III., 38.

John, mil. 9 Hen. IV., 49.

John, arm. 7 Hen. VI., 42.

John, Viscount 32 Hen. VI., 38.

John, mil. 11 Edw. IV., 59.

Littleton, Nicholas de, De messuagiis, $c. (273, 311)

6 Edw. I., 84; 9 Edw. L, 51.
Lomer, John 14 Rich. II., 34.

London, Bishop of, Robert, pro Tarrant Abbey

12 Rich. II., 141.

Robert de, Inq. ad q. d. 22 Hen. VI., 3.

Long" Blandford, Lange blandford, Capella de, per Stephen
Derby, chev., and Avice his wife

2nd pt., 15 Rich. II., 119.

Longespee, Margaret, see Lacy 4 Edw. II., 51.

Loveras, Loveraz, Matilda de, De terra, $c. (384) 15 Edw. L, 59.

Luveraz, Richard de (533) 25 Edw. L, 15.

Alice, wife of Stephen 17 Edw. III., 53.

32 INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET.

Lovel, Richard, chev. 25 Edw. III., 63.

John, chev., in right of his wife Matilda, dau. of Robert

de Holand 9 Hen. IV., 29.

Lovel], Robert of Ramesham, utlagati 23 Hen. VI., 54.

Lucy, Robert,! son of Herbert de (105) 47 Hen, III., 23.

Luda, Lude, Thomas de, Inq. ad q. d. (648) 31 Edw. I., 105.

Thomas de, and Alianor his wife, pro Abbottsbury Abbey

Inq. ad q. d. (701) 33 Edw. I., 242.

Lullworth, Reginald Fitz William, son of William de (92)

45 Hen. III., 6.

William, son of Reginald de (277) 7 Edw. L, 4.

Lutterell, Hugh, chev. 6 Hen. VI., 32.

John, mil., and Margaret his wife 9 Hen. VI., 51.

James, mil. 1 Edw. IV., 43.

Lydyard, Thos., feoff, per Edm. Everard, chev. 39 Edw. III., 28.*

Lyme, Town of, Inquisition touching the liberties of, per John de

Maundevill and Alice de Tynten (507, 544)

23 Edw. L, 71, 25 Edw. L, 104.
,, Lym, William, vicar of, per William Dare, capellanus

2 Edw. III., 136.*

,, Burgesses of town of 14 Edw. III., 82.*

,, de statu ejusdem 1 Rich. II., 141.

Town of, Inquis' de taxatione 3 Rich. II., 102.

Lynd, de la, see De la Lynd.
Lysle, see Lisle.

Malet, Lucy, wife of Richard 44 Edw. III., 43.

Mandeville, Maundevill, John, son of Galfrid (240) 4 Edw. L, 48.

,, John de, and Alice de Tinten (507)

23 Edw. I, 71.

,, John de, and Alice de Tynten, touching the

liberties of Lyme (544) 25 Edw. I.. 104.

John de, lie. feoff., pro Robert de Fitzpayn,

Inq. ad q. d. (696) 33 Edw. L, 182.

Maundevyle, Robert de 22 Edw. III., 13.

Maundeville, John de 34 Edw. III., 41.

t Several Dorset places mentioned though entered in Wiltshire.

INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET. 33

.Maimeston, Richard de, pro Abbey of Shaftesbury, Inq. ad q. d.

(382, 383) 15 Edw. L, 42, 57.

pro Abbey of Shaftesbury, Inq. ad q. d.

(421) 18 Edw. I., 88.

Manyngford, "Roger de, per John de Streth,mil. 28 Edw. III., 48.*

Manyton, manor of, pro Domine Rege App. 48 Edw. III., 80.

March, Earl of, Roger de Mortuo Mari (Mortimer) 22 Rich. II., 34.

,, Edmund de Mortuo Mari (Mortimer) 3 Hen. VI., 32.

Countess of, Anna,widowof Edmund, Earl of 1 1 Hen. VI., 39.

MareSCall, see Marshall.

Marleberg, Thomas de, pro 2 capellani 2 Edw. TIL, 91.*

Marlebergh, John, son of .William de 29 Edw. III., 23.*

William, null' tenuit terr' 30 Edw. III., 7.

Marmyon, John, chev., and Elizabeth his wife 10 Rich. II., 26.

Marshall, Marescall, Richard le (211) 2 Edw. L, 23.

Mareshall, Walter, Earl of Pembroke, temp. Henry

III. 40 Edw. III., 53.*

Martel, Roger (294) 8 Edw. L, 15.

Roger 4 Edw. III., 61.*

Martin, Martyne, William, son of William 19 Edw. II., 100.

Martyn, Nicholas, 20 Edw. II., 38.

Robert, chev. 50 Edw. III., 40.

Gilbert, pro By ndon Abbey 2ndpt., 15Rich.II.,53.

Matravers, Mautravers, John (536) 25 Edw. I., 33.

,, John and John Deverel and Elizabeth his wife

5 Edw. III., 81.*

,, Mautravers, John, son of John Istpt., 23 Edw. III., 25.

,, John chev. de assignac' dotis of Agnes

his wife 38 Edw. III., 27.

John, son of John, feoff. Robert, parson

of Crowell 39 Edw. III., 8.*

,, Agnes, wife of John. sen.

2nd pt., 49 Edw. III., 17.
,, John, chev,, and Elizabeth his wife

9 Rich. II., 35, 10 Rich. II., 25.

,, Alia nor, wife of John Arundell, sen.,

chev., prius nupt. R. Cobham, de
Sherburdi 6 Hen. IV., 31.

34 INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET.

Matthew, Matheu, William 7 Rich. II., 57.

Mathowe, John, son and heir of William

prob. cetatis App. 8 Rich. II., 143.

,, Mathen, John, son and heir of William 9 Rich. II., 34.

William 9 Rich. IL, 141.

Maubank, Philip, kin and heir of Philip, probatio catatis

App. 6 Edw. III., 77.

Philip 17 Edw. III., 69.

Maundevill, see Mandeville

Maury, Richard, see Milton Abbey 25 Edw. III., 39.*

John de 25 Edw. III., 64.

,, Margaret, dau. and heir of John, wife of William Latimer

probatio cetatis 29 Edw, III., 59.

Mautravers, see Matravers.

Mawne, Mone als, John 19 Edw. IV., 51.

Maxtoke, Prior of, see Glanvil, Sibella 18 Edw. III., 90a.*

May den Newton, parson of 8 Rich. II., 137.

Meleombe, Borough of 41 Edw. III., 50.*

Melebury, Roger le Couk de 3 Edw. III., 54.

Melkesham, Peter de, pro Dean of Sarum

2nd pt., 16 Rich. IL, 28.
Mere, John de, and Alianor his wife, per Richard Scammel

8 Edw. III., 20.*
Meere, Cantaria de, per John de Bettesthorne

22 Rich. IL, 99.

Meriet, John and Mary de 1 Edw. III., 51.

John, chev. 2nd pt., 49 Edw. III., 15.

MersheWOOd, De reparatione pontis ibidem.

App. 8 Rich. IL, 145.

Meysy, Robert, pro Staverdale Priory 19 Edw. III., 39.*

Middleney, Ralph and Elizabeth his wife 25 Edw. III., 40.*

Ralph, chev., and Elizabeth his wife, feoff. John cler.

de Putteneye (Pitney, Som.) 29 Edw. III., 54*

Ral ph de 37 Edw. III., 48.

Middleton Abbey, see Milton Abbey.

INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET. 35

Milton Abbey, Middleton, per Gervase de Newebury, Inq. ad

q. d. (593) 28 Edw. L, 125.

per Nicholas de Weye and William

de Wydecombe 2 Edw. III., 60.*

Richard Maury, Abbott, pro Thos.

Gary 25 Edw. III., 39.*

Middelton, per Walter, parson of Cheselborne

32 Edw. III., 86.*
per Walter de Calmescote

40 Edw. III., 41.*

per Edmunde Strode 7 Rich. II., 120.

,, Middleton, per John S peril a uke

2ndpt. 16 Rich. II., 126.

MoeleS, Nicholas de, and Margaret his wife 9 Edw. II., 60.

Moelis, John de 11 Edw. III., 56.

Margaret, wife of Nicholas 2nd pt., 23 Edw. III., 1C8.

Mohun, John de (279) 7 Edw. I, 13.

William de (318) 10 Edw. L, 19.

,, John de, Brevia de assif/natione dotis(37l ) 1 4 Edw. L, 23.

William de, extentce terr* (539) 25 Edw. I., 43.

John de, de Hamme, List of Knight' s fees 5 Edw. III., 80.

Joan, wife of John, chev. 6 Hen. IV., 33.

Moine, see Moyne

Mone als Mawne, John 19 Edw. IV., 51.

MonmOUth, Munemuth, John de 41 Hen. III., 3.

Montagu, Monte Acuto, William de, and Elizabeth his wife

13 Edw. II., 31.
William de, Earl of Salisbury

18 Edw. III., 51.

Katherine, wife of William de M., Earl

of Salisbury 2nd pt. 23 Edw. III., 58.

Montague, John le Fitz, chev., and Matilda his wife,
formerly wife of Alan Buxhull 7 Rich. II., 83.

,, Monte Acuto, William de, Earl of Salisbury

20 Rich. IL, 35.

36 IXQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET.

Montagu, Monte Acuto, John de, Earl of Salisbury 1 Hen. IV., 2.

,, Thomas, Earl of Salisbury, Inq. super

forisfaduram 10 Hen. IV,, 54.

Elizabeth, wife of William, Earl of Salis-

bury 2 Hen. V.. 39.

Richard, chev. 8 Hen. VI., 39.

,, Montague, William, arm. ; null' tenuit terr'

1 Rich. III., 16.
Monte AeutO, see Montagu.

MonteCUte, Monte Acuto, Prior of, co. Somerset, extenta terr'

(311) 9 Edw. I., 47.

,, Prior of, co. Somerset, extenta terr'

7 Rich. II., 127.
Montague, Prior of, co. Somerset, extenta terr'

deest 1 Edw. IV., 48.

MontfOPt, Monteforti, Alice, wife of Simon de 40 Edw. III., 53.*

More, Richard, of Pykyet, and Elizabeth his wife 1 1 Hen. VI., 26.

., Joan, widow of Robert, arm. 15 Hen. VI., 6.

Mortesthorn, Nicholas de, per William Russell, Inq. ad q. d.

(722) 34 Edw. L, 130.

Nichola, wife of Nicholas de 3 Edw. III., 43.

Mortimer, Mortuo Mari, Edmund and Margaret his wife (668)

32 Edw. L, 63.

Agatha de (713) 34 Edw. L, 38.

Roger de 34 Edw. III., 86.

Roger de, Earl of March 22 Rich. II., 34.
Mortymer, Edmund, chev., and John, melius inquir'

7 Edw. V., 76.

Mortuo Mari, Edmund Earl of March 3 Hen. VI., 32.

Anna, widow of Edmund, Earl of March 1 1 Hen. VI., 39.
Edmund, chev. 16 Hen. VI., 24.

Mortuo Mari, see Mortimer.

Morvile, John 7 jj en y 4

Moulisshe, Martin, and John Seys, capellani, pro Win. Plusshe,
parson of Ramesham 40 Edw. III., 24.*

INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET. 37

Mount Carmel, Abbey of, Wales, per John Chidyok, chev.

39 Edvv. III., 17.*

Moyne, Moynge, William de (499) 23 Edw. I., 32.

Moigne, Henry le 8 Edw. II., 39.

John le 2 Edvv. III., 58.*

John de and Juliana his wife 16 Edw. III., 18.

Henry, son and heir of John 24 Edw. III., 136.

John, son and heir of Henry, probatio cetatis

49 Edw. III., 99,

Moigne, Henry, mil. 2nd pt., 49 Edw. III., 16.

Mueheldevere, Richard, pro capel. de Ryme 12 Rich. II., 147.
Mulpayn, Thomas, and Matilda his wife 26 Edw. III., 16.*

Mundene, John de, and Christina his wife 22 Edw. III., 25.*
Munemuth, alias Muaemue, Monmouth, John de (73)

41 Hen. III., 3.

Murdae, Alice, and Osbertusand Isabella Gilford, extentaterr* (18)

31 Hen. III., 41.

Neville, Joan de (104) 47 Hen. III., 18.

Newburgh, Novoburgo, Robert de, extenta ten* (12)

30 Hen. III., 33.
,, ,, Henry de, De homagio (205)

1 Edw. I, 64.

John 2 Edw. II., 89.

Robert de 12 Edw. II., 2.

,, Hawisia, wife of Thomas 5 Rich. II., 45.

Nebourgh, John, nuW tenuit terr' 22 Hen. VI., 44.

John 1 Rich. III., 41.

NewebUPy, Gervase, pro Middleton (Milton) Abbey, Inq. ad q. d.

(593) 28 Edw. I., 125.

Nicholas de Crauford, parson of Gillingham, Gillinghain

Forest tithes of venison (247) 4 Edw. I., 92.

Northampton, William de Bohun, Earl of 34 Edw. III., 85.

Northumberland, Alianora, Countess of 1 Rich. III., 26.

Norton, James de 3 Edw. III., 45.

Thomas de 20 Edw. Ill, 23.

38 iNQUlSITIOKES fOSt MORTEM FOR DORSET.

Norwich, Bishop of, Richard Courtney 3 Hen. VI., 24.

Not, Galfrid, see Fighelton 32 Edw. III., 1.*

Notingham, Alice de (199) 1 Edw. I., 26.

NovobUFgO, see Newburgh.

Oldelond, John de, see Robert de Assheton 41 Edw. III., 20.*
Ormond, Amicia, wife of James, prol. cetatis 16 Hen. VI., 68.
Othe, Thomas 16 Hen. VI., 16.

Oxford, Earl of, John Veer, per Robert and Elizabeth Fitzpayn

33 Edw. III., 8.*

John de Vere 34 Edw, III., 84.

PaganilS, see Fitzpayn.

Panes, John, son of Robert de, idiota 2nd pt., 36 Edw. III., 16.
,, ., ,, fatuus et idiota 3 Rich. II., 48.

Paulet, John, chev., and Margaret his wife

Istpt., 15 Rich. II., 54.

,, Poulet, John and Thomas his brother 1 Hen. V., 54.

Pauneefoot, Paunsefete, Walter, null' tenuit terr' 20 Hen. VI., 5.

Paunton, Juliana de 11 Edw. III., 9.

Payne, Payn, Bartholomew 6 Edw. III., 16.

Edward, chev. 11 Rich II., 42.

William 12 Rich. II., 42.

William 8 Hen. VI., 32.

Payn, Agnes, wife of William 12 Hen. VI., 34.

9) Walter, probatio cetatis 12 Hen. VI., 54.

William 14 Hen, VI., 39.

Paynel, Paynell, John (237) 4 Edw. I., 34.

John (380) 15 Edw. L, 27.

Paynell, Katherine (530) 24 Edw. L, 116.

Philip (571) 27 Edw. L, 51.

Paynell, Thomas 7 Edw. II., 34.

John, son and heir of Philip 12 Edw. II., 65.

Joh n 18 Edw. II., 60.

Elizabeth, wife of Philip 19 Edw. III., 19,

PeCChe, John, Lord of Hampton in Arden, co. Warwick

2 Edw. III., 60.

INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET. 39

Pembroke, Earl of, William de Valencia (523) 24 Edw. I., 56.
Adomar de Valencia and Mary his wife

17 Edw. II., 75.
j, ,, Walter Mareshal, temp. Henry III.

40 Edw. III., 53.*

Penbrigge, Hugo, pro Abbey of Glastonbury 37 Edw. III., 62.*
Pentiz, alias de Apenticio, alias Penticio, William de la (59)

38 Hen. III., 38.

Perle, Walter de, pro Twynham Priory 51 Edw. III., 35.*

5, ,, pro Christchurch Twyneham Priory

14 Rich. II., 124.

PePleS, Walter, feoff., per Lawrence de St. Martin, chev. 8 Rich. II., 93.

Peryent, John, arm., null 1 tenuit ten- 1 10 Hen. VI., 1.

Peverel, Thomas (713) 34 Edw. I., 39.

,5 Andrew and Alice 2 Edw. III., 53.

chev. 2nd pt. 49 Edw. III., 26.

Katherine, wife of Andrew, chev. 51 Edw. III., 22.

Phelipp, John, chev. 3 Hen. V., 42.

PiCOt, Bartholomew, chev. 12 Rich. II., 4C,

Pidele, Alice and Joan, daughters and heirs of Henry de, probatio

o?te*w(433) 19 Edw. 1,102.

Pitney, Putteneye, co. Som., John, parson of feoff., Ralph Middle-

ney, chev., and Elizabeth his wife 29 Edw. III., 54.*

Plantagenet, see Lancaster, Dukes of.

Plecy, Plessetis, alias Plassetis, alias Plescis, alias Plecetis, Robert

de (603) 29 Edw. I., 23.

John de 7 Edw. II., 5.

Plesey, Edmund and Matilda de 1 Edw. III., 42.

Plescy, Nicholas de, chev. 31 Edw. III., 18.

Pleycy, Niclolas de 2nd pt., 36 Edw. Ill, 15.

John 8 Hen. IV., 63.

., John, son of John, probatio cetatis 10 Hen. IV., 62.

John 4 Hen. V., 31.

Plugenet, alias Plogenet, alias Plokeneth', Alan de (571)

27 Edw. I., 54.

40 INQUIS1TIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET.

PluSShe, William, parson of Ramesham, per Martin Moulisshe

and John Seys 40 Edw. III., 24.*

Pokeswell, John, son and heir of John and Alianora, Inquisitio

cetatis 9 Hen. IV., 53.

Robert 8 Hen. VI., 30.

John, arm., nuW tenuit terr' 13 Edw. IV., 10.

Poole, Pole, Borough of, Irujuirend* Dom' Rex. 15 Edw. III.. 66.*

Popham, Henry, arm. 6 Hen. V., 36.

Portes, Richard de, pro Cerne Abbey, Inq, ad q. d. (724)

34 Edw. I., 163.
Poulet, see Paulet.

Poundfold, John de, parson of Chiltecombe, per Ivo de Chilte-
combe 41 Edw. Ill,, 19.*

Poyning'S, Ponynges, Isabella, wife of Richard, chev.

17 Rich. II., 46, and 22 Rich. II., 36.

PoyntZ, Poinz, Nicholas (198) 1 Edw. I., 17.

Hugh 1 Edw. II., 46.

Nicholas, Matilda and Elizabeth 5 Edw. II., 62.

Hugh 11 Edw. III., 43.

Pulham, West, quod maner' est parcell' fundationis abbise de

Cirencester, et concess' Will' Houton, Inq. ad q. d.

15 Hen. VI., 4.
Pimehardon, Lucy, wife of Hugh, daughter of Reginald Fitz

Peers 8 Hen. VI., 29.

Putteneye, co. Som,, see Pitney.

Pyk, Nicholas, and Thomas his son 14 Edw. III., 13.*

Queney, Roger de, Earl of Wynton, extenta feodorum (150)

55 Hen. III., 36.

Queyntn, Walter, see St. Quintin.

Quitewelle, see White well.

Rabayne, Elias de, extenta terr' (310) 9 Edw. L, 39.

Elias, and Matilda his wife, extenta maneriorum

16 Edw. I., 39.
Rabayn, Peter de, pro Roger le Guldene

App. 17 Edw. II., 208.
Rabeyn, Peter and Isabella 1 Edw. III., 27.

INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET. 41

Radeslowe, in Wynfrith hundred, Inquis. de taxations

3 Rich. IL, 102.
Ralegh, Smion, arm. 18 Hen. VI., 67.

,, Joan, wife of Simon, arm., nulV tenuit terr'

33 Hen. VI., 6.

Rampisham, Ramesham, William Plusshe, parson of, per
Martin Moulisshe and John Seys

40 Edw, III., 24.*

Reigney, John 20 Edw. IV., 87.

Rempston, Robert 36 Hen. VI., 24.

Robert, pro priory of Twyneham, ad quod damnum

26 Hen. VI., 7.

Roeheford, John de, felo (487) 22 Edw. I., 66.

Roches, William, son of Richard, idiota App. 16 Edw. III., 55.

Joan, wife of Richard de 2nd pt. 35 Edw. III., 49.

Willelma, wife of John, chev. 12 Hen. IV., 38.

Rodeney, Alice, formerly wife of John, see Bonvil

4 Hen. VI., 34.
Roger, John 20 Hen. VI., 32.

John, senior 28 Hen. VI, 34.

Thomas, arm. 11 Edw. IV., 63.

RogeS als. Rokes, John 1 1 Rich. II., 45.

John and Richard Avery, placita inter eos

10 Rich. IL, 111.

Rokes als Roges, John 11 Rich. II., 45.

Romesey, Walter, chev. 5 Hen. IV., 32.

Thomas, prolatio cetatis 13 Hen. IV., 46.

Walter, arm. 7 Hen. VI., 26.

Romeseye, Walter, son and heir of Walter, arm.

8 Hen. VI., 22.

Rondes, Michaela, wife of John 20 Edw. III., 9.

ROOS, William, of Hamlak 17 Edw. III., 60.

Thomas, of Hamlak, chev., and Beatrix his wife

7 Rich. IL, 68.

42 INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET.

Russell, Robert (535) 25 Edvv. I., 28.

Russel, William, pro Nicholas Mortesthorn, Inq. ad q. d.

(722) 34 Edw. I., 130.

Ralph, pro Alianor Russel 30 Edw. III., 36.*

Ralph, chev. 2nd pt., 49 Edvv. Ill, 32.

Russel, Alesia, wife of Ralph, chev. 2 Rich. II., 46.

,, Alice, wife of Ralph, mil. 1 J Rich. II., 46.

Russel, Thomas and Margery his dau., heirs of Maurice.

Assignaf dotis Johannce uxori dicti Thomce

10 Hen. VI., 39.

Henry, pro Guild St. George in Weymouth, Inq. ad q. d.

33 Hen. VI., 8.

Ryme, Chapel of, per Richard Mulcheldenere 12 Rich. II., 147.
Saffray, William de 18 Edw. II., 40.

St. George, William, chev. 11 Edw. IV., 50.

St. George's Guild, Weymouth, per Henry Russel], Inq. ad q. d.

33 Hen. VI., 8.
St. John, Thomas, and Clemencia, formerly his wife

10 Hen. VI, 37.

William, null' tenuit terr' 13 Edw. IV., 31.

Margaret, now Duchess of Somerset 22 Ed\v. IV., 7.

St. Lo, Saynt Lo, John 26 Hen. VI., 25.

St, Martin, Reginald de 8 Edw. II., 58.

Lawrence de, and Sibilla his wife 12 Edw. II., 49.

de, chev., feoff. Walter Perles

8 Rich. II., 93.

chev. 9 Rich. II., 45 and 49.

St. Mauro, see Seymour.

St. Quintin, Walter, utlagatus (403) 17 Edw. I., 33.

Herbert de (642) 31 Edw. I., 28.

Herbert de 21 Edw. III., 50, and 24 Edw. III., 53.*

Margaret, widow of Herbert, now wife of Roger

Huse 1st pt., 35 Edw. III., 99.

INQUISITtONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET. 43

Salisbury, Bishop of, de Ubertatesua infra manerium de Corf (576)

27Edvv. L, 116.

Domus de Valle, scolarum de Nova Sarum, per

Richard de Wylton, Inq. ad q. d. (612)

29 Edw. I, 126.
,, Dean of, per Peter de Melkesham, capell.

2nd pt., 16 Rich. II, 28.

Earl of, William de Monteacuto 18 Edw. III., 51.

Katherine, wife of William de Monte Acuto

2nd pt., 23 Edw. III., 58.

William de Monte Acuto 20 Rich. II.. 35.

John de Monte Acuto 1 Hen. IV., 2.

3, Thomas de Monte Acuto, Inquis* super foris-

faduram 10 Hen. IV., 54.

Elizabeth, wife of William de Monte Acuto

2 Hen. V., 39.

Thomas 7 Hen. VI., 57.

Salmon, Elizabeth, wife of Robert, sister and coheir of Nicholas

le Walssh 39 Edw. III., 22.

Samboum, Robert de, pro John Sonnynghull, parson of Lychet

Mautravers 45 Edw. III., 13.*

SanctO Land, Margaret, wile of John 13 Hen. IV., 30.

SanctO MaUF, see Seymour.

Sandhull, John de, per Richard de Wyke 2 Edw. III., 114.*

John de 4 Edw. III., 105*

John de, feoff. Robert de S. 27 Edw. III., 27.*

Robert de, see John de S. 27 Edw. III., 27.*

Scammell, Richard, pro John de Mere and Alianor his wife

8 Edw. III., 20.*

Scelton, Henry de (149) 55 Hen. III., 22.

Scot, John, gen. 8 Edw. IV., 26.

,, John, William Vynyng, kin and heir of, probatio cetatis

12 Edw. IV., 60.
SergaiUlt, Robert, felo 45 Edw. III., 61.*

44 INQU1SITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET.

Servington, Cervington, Oliver, arm. 7 Hen. V., 45.

Oliver, son and heir of Oliver, sen.

8 Hen. V., 65.

David, arm. 35 Hen. VI., 5.

Seymour, Nicholas de 2nd pt., 35 Edw. III., 52,

,, Nicholas, chev., and Nicholas his son

2nd pt., 49 Edw. III., 43.*

St. Mauro, Richard de., chev. 2 Hen. IV., 55.

Saucto Mauro, Eichard, chev., and Maria his wife

10 Her. IV., 38.
Semore, Lord Zouch and William, mil.

8 Edw. IV., 53.

Seys, John, and Martin Moulisshe, capellani, pro William Plusshe,
parson of Ramesham 40 Edw. III., 24.*

Shaftesbury, Shafton, Abbess of, De wrecco marts (144)

54 Hen. III., 38.

,, Abbess of, De ponte et porta infra Sarum reparan-

dis. (131) 52 Hen. III., 24.

Abbess of, per John Barrill, seneschall, de diversis

libertatibus (303) 8 Edw. I., 79.

,, Abbess of, per Richard de Manneston, Inq. ad q. d.

(382, 383) 15 Edw. L, 42 and 57.

Abbess of, per Richard de Manneston, Inq. ad q. d.

(421) 18 Edw. L, 88.

Abbey, Inq. ad q. d. (673) 32 Edw. I., 166.

per Richard de Lekford Inq. ad q. d. (741)

35 Edw. I., 85.

Abbess of, Inq. ad q. d. (742) 35 Edw. L, 99.

Abbess of, per William de Grundevell

1 Edw. III., 113.*
Borough of, extent' ex libra de Domesday e

6 Rich. II., 85.
Abbey of 2nd pt., 15 Rich. II., 156.

INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET. 45

Sherborne, Shirburne, A bbey of, per David de Leghe,

Inq. ad q. d. (430) 19 Edw. I., 55.

John de Briggewater, por

11 Edw. III., 19.*
,, Shirbourne ,, pro Domine Rege

App. 16 Edw. III., 58b.
St. Augustine's Abbey, per Robert de Bradeford

17 Edw. III., 16.*

Abbey of, per Thomas Knoyell 35 Edw. III., 37.*

per Peter de Coryndon

2nd pt., 16 Rich. IT., 117.
,, Robert, Abbott of, extent' terr'

2 Hen. V., 41.

., ad quod damnum 28 Hen. VI., 32.

,, Domo Elemosinar' de, per Win. Combe, Inq. ad q. d.

32 Hen. VI., 4.

Somerset, Earl of, John Beaufort 11 Hen. IV., 44.

Duke of, Edmund Beaufort 33 Hen. VI., 38.

Henry Beaufort, attainted 5 Edw. IV., 38.
Duchess of, Margaret, formerly St. John

22 Edw. IV., 7.

Sonnynghall, see Sunnynghall.
Southampton and Dorset, Counties of, perambulation

App. 18 Edw. III., 57.

Sparewe, John 5 Hen. V., 35.

Sperhauke, John, per Abbey of Middleton

2ndpt., 16 Rich. II., 126.

Stafford, Humphrey, mil., and Elizabeth his wife 1 Hen. V., 41.

John, mil., Lord of Botreaux 6 Hen. VI., 39.

Humphrey, mil., null' tenuit terr' 20 Hen. VI., 9.

Humphrey, Earl of Devon 9 and 10 Edw. IV., 30.

Stane, Christina, wife of Peter de 12 Edw. II., 27.

Stanley, Thomas 4 Edw. IV., 46 and 47.

Staunton, William, arm., null' tenuit terr' 7 Hen. V., 5.

Staverdale Priory, per Robert Meysy 19 Edw. III., 39.*

46 INQUISITIONES TOST MORTEM FOR DORSET.

Sterne, Robert 37 Hen. VI., 3.

Thomas 1 Edw. IV., 6.

,, Henry, brother and heir of Thomas, dec. 12 Edw. IV., 5.

Stoke-jUXta-Bindon, town of, Inq. de taxat. 3 Rich. II., 102.

Stokes, William de, De cmtodia terrarum (486) 22 Edw. I., 61.

Stopham, Radulplms de (152) 56 Hen. III., 4.

Storke, Alice, wife of John, dec. 14 Edw. IV., 12.

Stoure, Christiana de 21 Edw. III., 18.

StOUFton, William 1 Hen. V., 49.

John de, mil. 2 Edw. IV., 18,

William de, mil. 17 Edw. IV., 55.

Stradlingf, Joan, wife of John, mil. 35 Hen. VI., 6.

Joan 20 Edw. IV., 52.

Straunge, Ebulo le, and Alesia his wife 9 Edw. III., 42.

, see also Le Strange

Strech, John, son and heir of John, prob. cet. 36 Edw. III., 147.

Strettche, John, mil. 14 Rich. II., 42.

Streeche, John 6 Hen. V., 10.

StPeth, John, mil., pro Roger de Manyngford 28 Edw. III., 48.*

Strode, Edmund, pro Abbey of Middleton 7 Rich. II., 120.

John 20 Edw. IV., 23.

Stucle, Elizabeth, wife of Richard S., formerly wife of John

Bonville 2 Hen. V., 18.

StureS, Sibilla, wife of John de 2nd pt., 23 Edw. III., 69.

Sturminster Marshall, De delapidationibus in ecclesia siue

Redoria de, et in Charlteton juxta

Spettesbury pertin' didce ecdesice,

Inq. adq.d. 19 Hen. VI., 11.

Stykelane, Edward, pro Cerne Abbey 2nd pt., 15 Rich. II., 73.

Sunny rig-hull, John 6 Edw. III., 31.

Sonninghull, John, parson of Lychet Matravers,

for Robert Samborn 45 Edw. Ill, 13.*

Surrey, Earl of, John de Warenna 21 Edw. III., 58.

,, ,, Joan, wife of John de Warenna

2nd pt., 35 Edw. III., 79.

INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET. 47

Syfrewast, see Cifrewast.

Syward, Roger 12 Rich. II., 48.

John 22 Rich. IL, 43.

John 3 Hen. IV., 38.

,, John, Inq. ad inquir. qui sunt heredes de 5 Hen. IV., 6.
Taillard, Agatha, by gift of Alianor, Countess of Winton.

(Writ is of 31st year.) 34 Edw. I., 15.

Tarent Abbey, per Thomas Baret 20 Edw. III., 49.*

per Walter Waleys, canon 23 Edw. III., 33.*

11 Rich. IL, 62.

,, per Robert, Bishop of London 12 Rich. IL, 141.

,, per Guido de Bryan, chev. 13 Rich. IL, 141.

Tewkesbury Abbey, pro Twynham Abbey

40 Edw. III., 60 and 62.*

7 Rich. IL, 85.

13 Rich. IL, 95.

Thame, Egidia, widow 17 Edw. IV., 31.

Thomer, William, capellanus 3 Rich. IL, 82.

Tidilmynton, see Tydilmynton.
Tilly, William, son of Richard, pro Abbot of Glastonbury

6 Edw. III., 4a.*
Tinten, Alice de, see Mandevelle, John de (507 and 544)

23 Edw. I., 71., and 25 Edw. L, 104.

Tiptop, John, mil. 21 Hen. VI., 45.

Toftes, Clement, Prior of * 7 Rich. IL, 108.

Toner, Henry 2nd pt., 36 Edw. III., 57.

,, Nicholas, son and heir of Henry, probatio cetatis

App. 7 Rich. IL, 182.

Torney, Walter 14 Edw. IV., 3.

TOUP, John de la, see Delalynde, John (193) 1 Edw. II. 2 (bis).
Tur, John de la (208) 2 Edw. L, 8.

Turn, John de, De custodia terrce. (226) 3 Edw. L, 44.
Turn, John de (296) 8 Edw. L, 30.

,, Towre, John de la, and Juliana his wife 14 Edw. III., 20.

John de la 15 Edw. III., 30.

48 INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET.

Trevet, John, mil. 9 Rich. II., 100.

Trowe, John, capell., pro Robert de Assheton 41 Edw. III., 20.*
Tryl, Walter de 2 Edw. III., 142.

TUP, see Tour.

Turberville, John de, and Isabella his wife 7 Edw. II., 43.

Richard de, mil. 2nd pt., 36 Edw. III., 60.

Robert, son and heir of Richard, prolatio cetatis

50 Edw. III., 94.

Robert, chev. 5 Hen. VI. 17.

Turbervyle, William 29 Hen. VI., 22.

John 36 Hen. VI., 26.

Tuples, Robert, nulV tenuit terr' 1 Edw. IV., 59.

Turri, see Tour.

Twyneham, Priory of, per Elias Deverel 6 Edw. III., 97.*

per Drugo Bardolf, sen. 29 Edw. Ill, 27.*
,, ,, per Teukesbury Abbey

40 Edw. III., 62 and 62.*

co. Hants 14 Rich. IL, 80.

per Walter de Perle 14 Rich. IL, 124.
,, per John Boys, parson of Ham Mohun

2ndpt., 16 Rich. IL, 87.
per Walter de Perle 51 Edw. III., 35.*
,, ,, per Robert Reinpston, Inq. ad q. d.

26 Hen. VI., 7.

Tybbe, Richard, parson.of Frome Whytefeld 33 Edw. III., 30.*
Tydilmynton, John de, pro Abbey of Abbotsbury

20 Edw. III., 11 *

John de, clericus 21 Edw. III., 13.*

John de 22 Edw. III., 12.

Tyrell, Hugh 17 Edw. III., 41.

Margery, wife of Hugh 18 Edw. III., 5.

John 34 Edw. III., 66.

UffOPd, Ralph de 20 Edw. III., 15.

Uphill, in hundred of Wynfrith, Inq. de tax. 3 Rich. IL, 102.

VaggeSCOmbe, Robt. de, see Hugh de Courtney 47 Ed. III., 65.*

INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET. 49

Valencia, William de, Earl of Pembroke, and Mary his wife (523)

24 Edw. I., 56.
,, Adomar de, Earl of Pembroke, and Mary his wife

17 Edw. II., 75.

Valle de Nova Sarum, Dornus de Scolarum, per Richard de
Wylton (612) 29 Edw. I., 126.

Veer, see Vere.

Verdon, Elizabeth de Burgo, wife of Theobald de 34 Edw. III., 83.

Vere, Veer, John de, Earl of Oxford, per Robert and Elizabeth

Fitzpayn 33 Edw. III., 8*

John de. Earl of Oxford 34 Edw. IIL, 84.

Vescy, Isabella, wife of John de 5 Edw. II., 46.

Clemencia de 18 Edw. III., 48.

Veylle, Hubert la (621) 30 Edw. I., 22.

Veyni, John le, pro Abbotsbury Abbey, Inq. ad q. d. (383, 431)

15 Edw. I., 55, and 19 Edw. L, 74.

Vining 1 , Vynyng, William, kin and heir of John Scott, probatio
cetatis 12 Edw. IV., 60.

Vivonia, (Vinonia, sic), Joan, wife of Reginald, Fitz Peter

8 Edw. II., 42.

Wadham, John chev. 13 Hen. IV., 39,

William, null' tenuit terr' 30 Hen. VI., 27.

Wake, Joan, wife of Hugh 5 Edw. III., 44.

John 22 Edw. Ill, 46,

John de 34 Edw. Ill, 69.

John, mil. 4 Rich. II, 60.

John, chev. 5 Rich. II, 60.

Waleran, Walrond, Robert, Inq. ad. q. d. (40) 36 Hen. Ill, 21.

Waleraund, Robert (194) 1 Edw. I, 6.

Matilda, wife of Robert, Extents terrarum

(202) 1 Edw. I, 35.

Walraund t John, and Robert and Isabella, mother of
John, an idiot 2 Edw. II, 80.

t See also Rot. Misc., 30 Edw. III., exemplification of Placita in
3 Edw. II,

50 INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET.

Wales, Joan of Kent, princess of, mother of Rich. II, 9 Rich. II., 54.
WaleyS, see Wallis.

Wallis, Waleys, Ingelram, and Alice his wife (666) 32 Ed\v. I., 49.

Walshe, John de 7 Edw. III., 26.

Walissh, Nicholas la, of Podynton 13 Edw. III., 23.

Walissh e, Nicholas le App. 13 Edw. III., 45.

Waleys, Walter, Canon, pro Tarent Abbey

23 Edw. III., 33 *

,, Walssh, Joan and Elizabeth, daughters and heirs of
Nicholas le 24 Edw. III., 45.

Walyssh, Rocsa, wife of John la 2nd pt., 36 Edw. III., 68.
,, Walssh, Elizabeth, wife of Robert Salmon, sister and co-
heir of Nicholas le 39 Edw. IIL, 22.
Roger le 2nd pt, 49 Edw. III., 59.
Walisch, John, son of Roger 50 Edw. III., 67.
,, Walissh, John, son and heir of Roger 14 Rich II., 53.
,, Walsh, Christina, wife of John Atte Hull, one of the
heirs of Nicholas 9 Hen. IV., 37.
WaliSCh, Walissh, Wallisshe Walyssh, see Wallis.
Walrond, see Waleran.
Walsh, Walshe, Walssli, see Wallis.

Walsham, Roger 1 Rich. II., 39.

Wareham, Priory of, per Peter Doget, of Corfe, chaplain, Inq.

ad q. d. (395) 16 Edw. L, 46.

Prior of, per Edward Golde 3 Edw. IIL, 106.*

Warner, William 18 Hen. VI., l.

Warr, see De la Warr.

Warre, Robert 5 Edw. IV., 17.

Richard, arm., of Hestercombe 22 Edw. IV., 37.

Warren, Warrenna, John de, Earl of Surrey 21 Edw. III., 58.
Warenna, Joan, wife of John de, Earl of Surrey

2nd pt., 35 Edw. IIL, 79.

Warwick, Earl of, Guy de Bellocampo 9 Edw. II., 71.

)> Thomas de Bellocampo, formerly

2 Hen. IV., 58,

IXQUIS1TIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET. 51

WaterCOmbe, John, pro Cerne Abbey 10 Rich. II., 102.

Wayn, William, see Henry Cove 26 Edw. III., 10.*

Weborne, John, pro. Dom' Elemos' de Yevell, Inq. ad q. d.

17 Edw. IV., 61.
Well, Welle, William de. (No writ or date)

Uncertain Hen. Ill, 205.

,, Margaret, widow, formerly Farrindon 22 Edw. IV., 38.
Wellebrigge, for repairs of bridge of 17 Edw. III., 81.*

Wellington, John de, brother of Ralph 20 Rich. II., 55.

West, Thomas, chev., pro Thomas le Blount, chev.

30 Edw. Ill, 10.*

Thomas, chev. 10 Rich. II., 52.

,, Alice, wife of Thomas, mil. 19 Rich. II., 49.

Thomas, chev. 7 Hen. IV., 23.

Thomas, chev. 4 Hen. V., 28.

Reginald, mil. 29 Hen. VI., 21.

Richard, Lord de la Wurr, mil. 16 Edw. IV., 62.

Westhall, 1 Westhele, town of, in parish of Folke, Inquis de

taxations 3 Rich II., 102.

Weston, John 16 Edw. IV., 16.

Weye, Nicholas, pro Abbey of Middle tone (Milton)

2 Edw. Ill, 60.*
WeyniOUth and MelCOmbe, Inquirend" de agua

6 Edw. III., 77.*

Guild of St. George in, per Henry Russell, Inq.

ad q. d. 33 Hen. VI., 8.

WhalesbOPOUgh, Whalisburgh, Thomas 21 Edw. IV., 41.

Whitewell, Wytewell, Richard de (100) 46 Hen. III., 19.

Why te well, alias Quite welle, William de (483)

22 Edw. I., 37.
Whitewell, alias Quytewelle, John de (567)

27 Edw. I., 34.

Whytewelle, William de 31 Edw. III., 13.

Simon de 45 Edw. III., 58.

WhiteWOOd, Whitwode, John 21 Edw. IV., 23.

52 INQUiSITIONES TOST MORTEM FOR DORSET.

Whitfield, Whytefelde, William de, pro Cerne Abbey

9 Edw. III., 28.*

Whytefelde, see Whitfield.

Whytewell, see Whitewell.

Widecombe, Wydecumbe, Wm., pro Abbey of Middeltone

(Milton) 2 Edw. III., 60.*

Willington, Wylynton, John de 12 Edw. III., 36.

Wylyngton, Henry de 1st pt., 23 Edw. III., 74,

WillOUghby, Robert, mil. 5 Edw. IV., 35.

Wilton, Wylton, Richard de, pro Domus de Valle de Nova

Sarum, Inq. ad q. d. (G12) 29 Edw. L, 126.

,, Wylton, Abbess of. Inquis' terris forisfactis

App. 17 Edw. II., 78.

Wiltshire, Amicia, wife of James, Earl of 35 Hen. VI., 16.

Earl of, James, attainted 1 Edw. IV., 29.

James ) attainted-,mdl'tenuitterr'&'&d'w.IV.,'I().

Wimborne, Wymborne, Robert de Kyngeston, Decanus de Cap.

de St. Cutberge in App. 21 Edw. Ill, 71.

Wymborne Minster, per Henry Blakhat

29 Edw. III., 16.*

Henry de Bukyngham, Decanus

de 41 Edw. III., 37 *

,, De terris dat' ad manum

mortuam decano de ; Inq. ad q. d. 16 Hen. VI., 17.

Winchester, Wynton, Earl of, Roger de Quency, exterf feodorum

(150) 55 Hen. III., 36.

Wynton, Alianor, Countess of, by gift to Agatha

Taillard (707) 34 Edw. L, 15.

Bishop of, pro Eadem Hospital, Inq. ad q. d.

24 Hen. VI., 13.

Hospital of Holy Cross in 6 Edw, IV, 59.

Windsor, Wyndelsore, Hugh, son of John de (325) 1 1 Edw. L, 22.

Wyndesore, Alice, dau. and heir of Hugh, probatio

cpfotf8(561) 26 Edw. L, 74.

Wyndesore, William de, chev. 8 Rich. II., 38.

INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM FOR DORSET. 53

Worsley, Christopher 11 Edw. IV., 20.

Worsope, John 14 Edw. IV., 34.

Worthe, Isabella de, de morte, Stephen le Fox, redatus (97)

45 Hen. III., 52.

Wulvetone, Matilda de Fortibus (90) 44 Hen. III., 26,

Wydecombe, see Widecombe.

Wyke, Richard de, pro John de Sandhull 2 Edw, III., 114.*
Wylyngton, see Willington.
WyndelSQFe, Wyndesore, see Windsor.

Wyne, John le 7 Edw. III., 51.*

John App. 32 Edw. III., 48.

Wynton, see Winchester.

YeOVil, Yevele, Henry 13 Rich. IL, 86.

Ye veil, Dom' elemos' de, per John Weborne, Inq. ad q. d.

17 Edw. IV., 61.

YeOViltOWn, Yevelton, Nicholas de 45 Edw. III., 32.

Richard de 13 Rich. IL, 56.

Yelv'ton, Robert, nuW tenui? ten* 7 Hen. VI., 1.

Yevele, Yevell, see Yeovil.
Yevelton, Yelv'ton, see Yeoviltown.

Zouche, William, mil., null' tenuif terr' 2 Edw. IV., 29.

William, mil., Lord Zouch and Semore 8 Edw. IV., 53.

Katherine, wife of William, mil. 11 Edw. IV., 40.

<S)n |leto aiib futu British

OBSERVED IN 1895.

By the Rev. 0. PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE, M.A., F.R.S., &e.

February llth, 1S96.

[WITH PLATE.]

TN my last communication on this subject, published in
Vol. XVI. of our Club's Proceedings (p. 92), I
was able to bring it up to a rather recent date
to about the beginning of May, 1895 and also
to include the results of a few days collecting
in the New Forest in June. Since that, how-
ever, some spiders of considerable interest and
rarity have occurred, and on these I will make
a few general remarks, following them, as
usual, by a systematic list. There has been but little in the past
season to make it very noteworthy, so far as my experience has
gone, in respect to the abundance or scarcity of spiders, although
few seasons have of late been more remarkable than the past one
in regard to the irregular distribution of rainfall and drought, cold
and heat. We want, however, more workers in this field before
any trustworthy conclusions can be arrived at in respect to the
abundance or scarcity of spiders. Still, on the whole, I think the
past year was a favourable one in this branch of natural history.

On the 13th of May, 1895, I was fortunate in having a lovely
spring day for a search in the water meadows near Warmwell,

Proc. Dorset. N.H.tcA.F. Club. Vol. XVII, 1896.

o o V

\ /

0. P Cambridge, del?

ITFarlane 4 ErsVire. L!th r ? Edm r

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

FIG. 1. Scytodes thoracica, Latr. Adult male enlarged.

2. Eyes of ditto from above and behind.

3. Profile of ditto.

4. Palpus of ditto.

5. Tarsus of ditto.

6. Savignia frontata, Bl. Adult female, profile.

7. Eyes of ditto from above and behind.

8. Sternum and labium of ditto.

9. One of the falces of ditto.

10. Genital aperture of ditto.

11. Posterior extremity of abdomen.

Ditto underneath, showing the spinners, colulus (a) and
entrance to a breathing organ (b).

12. Tmeticus Hardii, Bl. Genital aperture of female.

NEW AND RARE BRITISH SPIDERS. 55

where, in company with my nephew, Rev. F. P. Cambridge, we
met with the fine and local Trocliosa spinipafpis, F. P. Cambr., in
fair abundance under bits of old boards and at the roots of water
weeds ; and among other good things we also turned up Troxochrus
ignolilis, Cambr. (which I had not seen for some years), as well as
Banjpliyma pratensis, Bl., in some abundance, and a few examples
of Oxyptila simplex, Cambr. About this time also we met with
adults of both sexes of a hitherto rare and rather doubtful species,
Leptyphantes Mengii, Kulcz., in Hyde Bog, Blox worth. In company
with these were a few examples of the rare Microneta coniyera,
Cambr., and Pedanostethus arundi?ietus, Id. On the 9th of June my
nephew found Theridiosoma aryenteolum, Cambr., in the water
meadows near Warmwell, and I also met with it myself in Morden
Bog, Bloxworth, both being new localities for this species. On
the Chesil Beach, on the 14th of June, I found both sexes adult of
Pedanostethus obscurus, Menge, as well as a single example of
Oxyptila Blackwallii, Sim., and an immature example of Drassus
minor, Cambr., of which last the male is still unknown. On the
loth of July my son, A. TV. P. Cambridge, came across an
adult male of a very curious and rare spider at the College,
Weymouth, Scytodes thoracica, Latr. This is only the third or
fourth recorded occurrence of the species in England, and the first
occurrence of the male sex. It is, as a rule, a house-spider, and
might very probably be found more frequently in our towns on the
south coast of England if looked for or noted a little carefully. At
page 116 and p. 125, Vol. XVI. of our Proceedings, in my
last paper I noted the occurrence of Hyptiotes paradoxus,
C. L. Koch, in the New Forest, in August, 1894, and also
in the month of June in the following year ; on the latter
occasion it was in tolerable abundance, but all the examples
were immature ; later on (July 18th) a toilsome search of several
hours proved fruitless, when just as I was about to give it up in
despair a dense thicket of whitethorn, blackthorn, and other under-
growth produced me several adults of both sexes, though at the
expense of an umbrella, and the tearing of sundry articles of cloth-

56 NEW AND RARE BRITISH SPIDERS.

ing. This curious and rare spider makes its snares among the dead
lichen-covered twigs of almost impenetrable bushes of blackthorn
and whitethorn, and is most difficult to obtain without getting right
into the middle, underneath the thickest part of the bushes.
Leptyphantes corollatus, Linn., C. Koch, recorded as new to Britain
at p. 122, Vol. XVI. of our Proceedings, has since again occurred
at various times, and in some abundance, in August and September
last, in the same district at Bloxworth, but all immature, and all
were found where the heath had been burnt two years before. It
is believed that the buining of the heather has some close con-
nection with the subsequent frequent occurrence on such spots of
a moth (Phycita carbonariella), which is, excepting on such burnt
spots, always of rare occurrence, but whether there is any
connection of the kind in regard to the occurrence of the spider I
cannot say. It seems, however, strange that after so many years'
past searching on this part of the heath without ever finding it,
the spider should just now be rather common and easily found on
the burnt parts, and on those alone, so far as we have yet met with
it. On August 23rd I found an adult male of the rare Pedano-
stethus negledus, Cambr., among herbage in a wood. Only one
example has yet been recorded of the still rarer female of this
species. (Proc. Dors. N. H. and A. F. Club, Vol. XV., p. 206.)
One of the best captures of the season, Attus floricola, C. Koch,
was made in Ireland by Mr. G. H. Carpenter. Some spiders
recorded by myself many years ago as A. floricola, from near
Shoreham, in Sussex, appear to be of another species altogether,
and identical with Attus mancus, Thor. This is, therefore, the
first authentic occurrence of the true A. floricola as British.
Among some other spiders kindly collected for me in the New
Forest since I was there myself in July, 1895, by Mr. Gulliver (a
woodman, but a most intelligent and successful entomologist) were
examples of Hasarius arcuatus, Clk., and one of the exceedingly-
scarce Pistius truncatus, Pall., the latter a not quite adult male.
Mr. W. Evans, of Edinburgh, from whom I have received so many
rarities from Scotland during the past few years, kindly sent me in

NEW AND RARE BRITISH SPIDERS. 5?

October last an example of Cneplialocotes inter jectus, Cambr., from
near Edinburgh ; this is only its second occurrence as British.
Also, now recently, Mr. Evans has sent me from North Berwick
examples of Tmeticus Hardii, BL, Prosopotlieca monoceros, Wid.,
and Typlwcrestus digitatus, Cambr., the last being only its second
occurrence as British.

SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPIDERS NOTED IN 1895.
FAM. SCYTODID^.

SCYTODES THORACICA.

Scytodes thoracica, Latr. Spid. Dors., p. 75.

An adult male (the first recorded example of this sex as British)
was found at the College, Wey mouth, on the 15th of July, by
A. W. Pickard-Cambridge.

FAM. DRASSID.E.

DRASSUS MINOR.

Drassus minor, Cambr. Spid. Dors., p. 424.
I met with an immature female of this small Drassus on the
Chesil Beach on the llth of June, near the same spot where the
types were found on the 6th of June, 1879.

FAM. AGELENID.E.

TEGENARIA ATRICA.

Tegenaria atrica, C. Koch. Spid. Dors., p. 62.
Adults of both sexes, August 13th, 1895, under heathy ledges in
gravel pits, Blox worth Heath ; also rather abundantly in similar
situations by the roadside near Cold-harbour, Wareham.

FAM. THERIDIID.E.

THERIDIOSOMA ARGENTEOLUM, Cambr.

Theridiosoma argenteolum t Cambr. Spid. Dors,, pp. 428, 572 ;
Proc. Dors. N. H. and A. F. Club, vol. x., p. 131 ; xii,, p. 89 ;
and xvi., p. 125.

58 NEW AND RARE BRITISH SPIDERS.

This pretty and very distinct little spider has been found near
Warmwell, and in a new locality at Bloxworth in June.

LlTHYPHANTES COROLLATUS.

Lithyphantes corollatus, Linn., C. Koch. Proc. Dors. N. H.
and A. F. Club, xvi., 122, 1895.

Since the record of this handsome species (I.e. supra) it has
been met with on several other spots in summer and early autumn
in the same district at Bloxworth in some abundance, though all
immature.

ENOPLOGNATHA THORACICA.

Drepanodus obscurus, Menge. Preuss. Spinn, p. 242, pi. 47,
Tab. 141.

Theridium thoracicum, Hahn. Die Arachn, I., p. 88, pi. xxi., fig. 66.

Neriene albipunctata, Cambr. Spid. Dors., p. 122.

Enoplognatlia thoracica, Sim. Ar. de France, torn. 5, p. 191.

Both sexes found rather abundantly among short herbage on the
Chesil Beach, Portland, June 14th, 1895.

PEDANOSTETHUS ARUNDINETUS.
Neriene Clarkii, Cambr. Spid. Dors., p. 119.

amndineti, Id., I.e., p. 135
Several adult males at Bloxworth in swamps in June, 1895.

PEDANOSTETHUS NEGLECTUS.

Neriene neglecta, Cambr. Spid. Dors., p. 121.

An adult male among herbage in a wood at Bloxworth, August
23rd, 1895.

LEPTYPHANTES MENGII.

Leptypliantes Mengii, Kulczynski. Aran. Hungar., ii., part I.,
p. 70, table 3, fig. 6. Cambr., Proc. Dors. N. H. and A. F. Club,
xvi., p. 111.

Linypliia tennis, Bl. Cambr., Spid. Dors., p. 185, ad partem.

Adults of both sexes have been identified from swampy spots on
Bloxworth Heath in June, 1895.

AND RARE BRITISH SPIDERS. 50

TMETICUS HARDII.

Walckenaera Hardii, Bl. Cambv., Spid. Dors., p. 504.

Tmeticus Hardii, Bl. Sim., Ar. de France, 5, p. 383.

^dult males and females (the latter sex scarcest) were found in
North Berwick under stones and pieces of wood near the shore,
Diiieton Common, East Lothian, and kindly sent to me early in
January, 1896. It had previously been found by Mr. Evans at
Aberlady Bay in September, 1893, and Mr. Cecil Warburton met
with it in Wicken Fen, Cambridgeshire, several years ago. These
are, I believe, the only, as yet known, occurrences of this fine species
in Great Britain since its capture by Mr. Hardy in Berwickshire
in 1848 and 1858.

MlCRONETA CONIGERA.

Micronda conigera, Cambr. Spid. Dors., p. 132, and Proc.
Dors. K H. and A. F. Club, xvi., p. 106.

Adult males, Hyde Bog, Blox worth, June, 1895.

TROXOCHRUS IGNOBILIS.

Walckenaera ignolilis, Cambr. Spid. Dors., p. 155, sub.

Troxochrus, Sim. Ar. de France, 5, p. 651.

An adult male of this very minute but distinct species among
grass and weeds in a water meadow at Warm well, May 13th, 1895.
I had not met with it since April, 1890, and then after an interval
of eight years, the only two preceding records being in 1882 and
1863.

BARYPHYMA PRATENSIS.

Walckenaera pratensis, Bl. Cambr., Spid. Dors., p. 502.

Baryphyma pratensis, Bl. Cambr., Proc. Dors. N. H. and
A. F. Club, xvi., p. 106.

Both sexes adult, in water meadow, Warmwell, among grass and
weeds, May 13th, 1895.

ENTELECARA FLAVIPES.

Walckenaera flavipes, Bl. Cambr., Spid. Dors., p. 159 and 577.
Entelecara flavipee, Bl. Sim., Aran. de Fr., 5, p. 621.

60 NEW AND RARE BRITISH SPIDERS.

An adult of each sex among weeds in a swamp, Bloxworth, June,
1895.

CNEPHALOCOTES INTERJECTUS.

Walckenaera interjecta, Cambr. Trans. Hertfordshire Nat.
Hist. Society, v., part L, August, 1888, p. 18, fig. 1, 2, 3.

An adult male received from Mr. W. Evans, by whom it was
found near Edinburgh and kindly sent to me in October,
1895. This was new to Scotland and only the second occurrence
of the species in Britain.

TYPHOCRESTUS DIGITATUS.

Typhocrestus digitatus, Cambr. Proc., Dors, N. H. and A. F.
Club, xv., p. 112.

An adult male found by Mr. W. Evans in North Berwick and
kindly sent to me in January, 1896. This is its second record only
as British.

PROSOPOTHECA MONOCEROS.

WalcJcenaera monoceros, Wid. Cambr., Spid. Dors., p. 148.

Prosopotlieca monoceros, Wid. Sim., Ar. de Fr., 5. p. 835. Car-
penter and Evans, Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edinb., xii., p. 575, 1894.

An adult male of this rare and curious spider was received from
Mr. W. Evans, by whom it was found in N. Berwick late in
December, 1895.

SAVIGNIA FRONTATA.

Saeignia Jrontata, Bl. Cambr., Spid. Dors., p. 170 (sub.
Walckenaera.) Proc. Dors. N. H. and A. F. Club, xv., p. 112
(exclude fig. 3 in plate).

In 1894 (Proc. of our Club, I.e. supra) I gave a figure of a
spider which I had reason to believe to be the, up to then unknown,
female of this species ; subsequent researches, however, led me to
doubt this, and a considerable series of both males and females
received from Mr. W. Evans in November, 1895, taken then
recently near Edinburgh, has convinced me that these he has
kindly thus sent to me are the true females of this spider, of which
I now give a figure.

NEW AND RARE BRITISH SPIDERS. 61

FAM. ULOBORID^E.

HYPTIOTES PARADOXUS.

Hyptiotes paradoxus, C. L. Koch. Cambr., Spid. Dors., p. 532.
Proc. Dors. N. H. and A. F. Club., xvi., p. 116, 125.

After a long and arduous search in the New Forest early in June,
1895 (as nearly as we could make out, in the same localities as that
where Mr. Cecil Warburton found this species in August,
1894) immature examples of both sexes were found not rarely by
myself and my nephew, the Rev. F. P. Cambridge. On the 18th
of July following I found in the same locality adults of both sexes,
though now very scarce compared to the numbers found in the
immature state.

FAM. THOMISID.E.

OXYPTILA SIMPLEX.

Oxyptila simplex, Cambr., Spid. Dors., p. 324.

Adult males in water meadow near "Warm well on the 13th of
May, 1895.

OXYPTILA BLACKWALLH.

Oxyptila Blackwallii, Sim. Cambr., Spid. Dors., p. 318.

A single female at the roots of herbage on the Chesil Beach,
June 14th, 1895.

PlSTIUS TRUNCATUS.

Misumena truncata, Pall. Cambr., Spid. Dors., p. 534.

Pistius truncatus, Pall., Sim. Cambr., Proc. Dors. N. H. and
A. F. Club, xvi., p. 126.

An immature male of this fine and rare species was sent to me
by Mr. C. Gulliver from near Brockenhurst in the New Forest,
where it was found in the summer of 1895.

FAM. LYCOSID^E.

TROCHOSA SPINIPALPIS.

Trochosa spinipalpis, F. P. Cambr. Proc. Dors. N. H. and
A. F. Club, xvi., p. 118.

On the 13th May, 1895, I had the pleasure of finding both
sexes of this fine and conspicuous species in fair abundance in

62 NEW AND RARE BRITISH SPIDERS.

water meadows near Warmwell under old bits of board and among
grass and roots of water weeds.

FAM. SALTICID^:.

ATTUS MANCUS.

Attus mancus, Thor. Syn., Eur, Spid., 1869, p. 393.

Attus floricola, Cambr. Spid. Dors., 1881, p. 564.

Mr. G. H. Carpenter, of Dublin, having sent to me adults of
both sexes of a spider closely allied to, but distinct from, the above,
and undoubtedly I think the true Attus floricola, C. L. Koch, I
have come to the conclusion that the spider I found in 1871 at
Shoreham, in Sussex, is Attus mancus, Thor. ; this differs from
A. floricola, C. L. Koch, among other slight respects, notably in
the shorter anterior legs and smaller size. (See note on the
following.)

ATTUS FLORICOLA.

Euoplirys floricola, C. L. Koch. Die. Arachn., xiv., p. 39,
tab. 473, fig. 1,301.

Adults of both sexes were found byMr.G. H. Carpenter abundantly
under stones on the margin of Lough Corrib in Gahvay, Ireland,
about the middle of July, 1895. These examples agree exactly with
types of A. floricola, C. L. Koch, sent to me from Germany by Dr.
L Koch. The spider I had up to this time thought to be A. floricola
of C. L. Koch, and which I met with many years ago (1871) at
Shoreham, near Brighton, differs from the true A. floricola (see note
on the foregoing spider), and is, I believe, Attus mancus, Thor. The
true A. floricola, C. L. Koch, is therefore by this capture in Gahvay
new to the British Islands. Mr. Carpenter's capture of this spider
is recorded in "The Irish Naturalist," September, 1895, Vol. IV.,
No. 9, p. 256.

HASARIUS ARCUATUS.

Hasarius arcuatus, Clk. Cambr., Spid. Dors., p. 565.

Adults of both sexes weie found in the summer of 1895, in the
New Forest, by Mr. C. Gulliver, from whom I subsequently received
them.

NEW AND RARE BRITISH SPIDERS. 63

LlST OF -SPIDERS ABOVE NOTED.

Scytodes tlioracica, Latr. p. 57.

Drassus minor, Cambr. p. 57.

Tegenaria atrica, C. L. Koch p. 57.

Theridiosoma argenteolum, Cambr. p. 57.

Lithyphantes corollatus, C. L. Koch p. 58.

Enoplognatha tlioracica, Halm. p. 58.

Pedanostethus arundinetus, Cambr. p. 58.

neglectus, Cambr. p. 58.

Leptyphantes Mengii, Kulcz. p. 58.

Tmeticus Hardii, Bl. p. 59.

Microneta conigera, Cambr. p. 59.

Troxochrus ignobilis, Cambr. p. 59.

Baryphyma pratensis, Bl. p. 59.

Entelecara flavipes, Bl. p. 59.

Cnephalocotes interjectus, Cambr. p. 60.

Typhocrestus digitatus, Cambr. p. 60.

Prosopotheca monoceros, Wid. p. 60.

Savignia frontata, Bl. p. 60.

Hyptiotes paradoxus, C. L. Koch p. 61.

Oxyptila simplex, Cambr. p. 61.

Black wallii, Sim. p. 61.

Pistius truncatus, Pall. p. 61.

Trochosa spinipalpis, F. P. C. p. 61.

Attus mancus, Tnor. p. 62.

floricola, C. L. Koch p. 62.

Hasarius arcuatus, Clk. p. 62,

dfitershot (Ehttrch.

By the Rev. P. H. MILNE.

Read August 22nd, 1895.

'ITH regard to Evershot Church, which stands 600ft.
above the sea level, its renovation took place at
two different times the chancel being rebuilt
in 1864 and the other parts of the edifice in
1852-53. The previous old church was prin-
cipally of the date of the 15th century, and
consisted of a western tower, south porch, nave,
north aisle, north and south transepts, and
chancel. In the nave of the previous church
there was a semi-circular roof with ribs running
square panels, with gilded bosses covering each
intersection of the ribs. There were three galleries the new
gallery, built and occupied by subscribers, the children's gallery,
and the singers' gallery.

The first and original church was a building of Norman
character, about the time of Richard I., i.e., 12th century, as shown
by the remains of the tower and chancel arches, and by the arches
opening into the then north and souih transepts (which, according
to Hutchins, were doubtless chapels, since relics were found in
pulling down the walls.) The details were, however, mostly of the
15th century, as well as the columns and arches of the arcade on
the north side. The old chancel was built in a debased style about
1765, but the old chancel arch formed a part of the original edifice,

each way, makin

EVERSHOT CHURCH. 65

of the 12th century, and has now been rebuilt between the north
aisle and the organ chamber. The new chancel, like the present
church, is mostly in the style of the 15th century. The nave has
three bays on each side, the south arcade being in imitation of that
on the north, which formed a portion of the ancient edifice. The
greater part of the old tower is still remaining, but it has been
rebuilt from the level of the belfry upwards with the addition of a
new west door and window, angle buttresses, and a spiralet. The
original Norman font remains. The pedestal, in the form of a
cross, is, however, modern.

The clock was presented by the 3rd Earl of Ilchester at a cost of
150, and, in passing, I may say that it stands in great need of
restoration, both internally and externally. We are going to
undertake this at once.

The tower originally contained four bells, which were recast and
two added in 1775 at a cost of 100. On the 6th bell is the
following inscription : " * I to the church the living call, and to
the grave do summon all. 7 Mr. John Pitman, churchwarden.
T. Bilbie, fecit, 1775."

The original church was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin ; the
new to S. Osmond. On the floor of the chancel is a brass plate,
representing a priest in eucharistic vestments, with chalice and
host. It is 18 Jin. in length, and is in an excellent state of preser-
vation. Underneath on another plate is this inscription in Latin,
of which the following is the English translation : "Pray for
the soul of William Grey, formerly Rector of this church, who
died the 18th day of March in the year of our Lord 1524, on
whose soul may God have mercy. Amen."

I should like to call attention to the shape of the nave, which is
practically a square. The reason why this is so is as follows :
When the church was restored in 1852 it was thought desirable to
enlarge it. It was impossible to do this in length owing to the
old chancel being in the way, so the only alternative was to increase
its width. I would also like you to notice that the chancel is not
in the middle of the east end of the church, and I would suggest

66 EVERSHOT CHURCH.

that the piscina in the south aisle and the niches in the pillars of
the arcade on the north side are worthy of notice.

The first rector of this church of whom there is a record (his
name was Hervens) was instituted between 1152 and 1184, and it
will be a matter of interest to all, and perhaps of surprise to many,
to know that the Poet Crabbe was Rector of Evershot from 1783 to
1786.

In conclusion it may be desirable to mention what has been done
for this church in the last ten years, during which I have been
associated with the parish as Curate and Rector. In 1887 Lord
Ilchester replaced the old leaden roof, which was full of holes, by
a new one composed of Broseley tiles as his gift to the parish to
mark the Jubilee of our Queen. At the same time the parishioners
inserted an adequate heating apparatus (hot water) throughout the
church at a cost of about 60. Lamps were also placed in the
church, being substituted for the old candle chandelier and
branches. In 1889 the organ was restored, renovated, and added
to at a cost of 110, and since that time a font canopy has been
given by Mrs. Martin in memory of a deceased daughter. The
Litany desk has been given by the Sunday school children, and a
considerable sum has just been spent on the bells, which were much
out of order, under the kind superintendence of the Rev. M.
Hankey, Rector of Maiden Newton ; and now, as I mentioned
above, we are about to take in hand the church clock.

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE (FEBRUARY, 1897)

ON THE WORKED-FLINTS FROM BLASHENWELL,

NEAR CORFE CASTLE.

By CLEMENT REID, F.L.S., F.G.S.

In the communication at p. 67, opposite, it is stated that the
tufa at Blashenwell yields only flakes, no implement of any sort
having been found, and no flake showing the slightest sign of
secondary chipping. This statement now requires modification,
for happening to dissolve away the remains of the calcareous
matrix adhering to a minute flake less than an inch in length, I
discovered that its sides had been worked across in minute chips.
The rest of the flakes were therefore placed in acid, but only three
others showed any trace of secondary work, one being finely
doubly-serrated.

Similar minute " rat-tooth " working has been discovered at
several localities in Britain, and Mr. C. H. Read informs me that
it occurs also in India. It would be interesting to ascertain the
relative date of the race which used flint flakes worked in this
special mode and of Neolithic man, for it is still uncertain which
were the earlier inhabitants of the country. The soil above the
tufa and the surface below should therefore be carefully searched
for Neolithic implements. The character of the deposit, its
contemporaneous consolidation, and its freedom from subsequent
disturbance, make Blashenwell a particularly favourable locality
for ascertaining the true relation of these different races to each
other.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIST OF SHELLS ON PAGE 73.

Helix granulata, Alder (determined by Mr. B. B. Woodward),
Hyalinia nitidula, Miiller.

ERRATUM.

Page 68, line 15. For Lower Purbeck read Upper Purbeck.

Jin ffiarlg Jfrolithic ptchen-iuibkn
^posit at f lashentodl,
rim* (Eorfe totle, t

By CLEMENT REID, F.L.S., F.G.S.

December 13th, 1895,

HE calcareous tufa found at Blashenwell, near Corfe
Castle, was first described in 1857 by Mr. Mansel-
Pleydell t (then J. C. Mansel) and by the Rev.
J. C. Austen, and a further account of it was
given by Mr. Mansel-Pleydell in 1SS6.* It has
also been studied by Mr. Carus- Wilson and Dr.
Turner, whose work, however, is still unpublished.
When I commenced, in 1894, the examination of
the Tertiary strata of Dorset for the Geological Survey this tufa
was mentioned by my colleague, Mr. Strahan, as an interesting
deposit, which he would like me to see, he having already traced
out its limits while engaged on the survey of the Purbeck strata.
Mr. A. R. Wallace also drew my attention to it, and it was partly
in his company and in the company of Mr. Mansel-Pleydell that

t Communicated by permission of the Director- General of the
Geological Survey,

J Papers read before the Purbeck Society, pp. 120, 175.
I bid., p. 124.
* Proc, Dorset Field Club, vol. vii., p. 109, 1886.

68 AN EARLY NEOLITHIC KITCHEN-MIDDEN.

the following observations were made, Lord Eldon having kindly
given permission for the necessary excavations.

While staying at Corfe Castle I devoted most of my spare time
to collecting at Blashenwell. The immediate object in spending so
much time at that place was the hope that this fossiliferous tufa
might throw some light on the obscure history of the wide-spread
sheets of unfossiliferous gravel which cover so much of Dorset.
This result, unfortunately, was not attained, for the tufa proved to
be of later date than I at one time thought ; but on the other hand
it turned out to be exceptionally interesting as an ethnological
storehouse, as well as from the point of view of the naturalist
studying the origin of the existing fauna and flora of Dorset.

Blashenwell is a farm lying about a mile-and-a-half south-south-
west of Corfe Castle at the foot of the ridge formed by the Purbeck
strata. The farm buildings are on Lower Purbeck, and the
intermittent calcareous spring, which formerly deposited tufa, rises
in the stone-beds of the Middle Purbeck, and flows across the
Wealden Beds into a brook which runs northward to Corfe. At
certain seasons the spring turns a mill at the farm ; at others it is
entirely dry. There is another marked peculiarity to which
attention must be drawn. The water, once so highly charged with
lime salts that they were at once thrown down, now seems never
to deposit calcareous tufa, though the water is still exceptionally
hard. After examining the spring at all seasons of the year I can
find no deposit, and, as will be shown, the formation of the tufa
apparently ceased before the Roman occupation. It is difficult to
say to what cause the change in character of this intermittent
spring was due, but it may be connected with the destruction of
the forests which once clothed the slopes above.

One is inclined on first examining it to refer the tufa to some
period when the adjoining valleys were less deep ; but a closer
inspection shows that the sheet follows the existing slopes and
must have been deposited when the contour of the ground had
already taken its present form. Calcareous tufa is seldom thrown
down on a dead flat. It is deposited on slopes, or even on the

AN EARLY NEOLITHIC KITCHEN-MIDDEN. 69

overhanging rocks of a waterfall ; for in such places the disturbance
of the water causes the most rapid freeing of the excess of carbonic
acid and consequent deposition of the lime. The Blashenwell tufa
fills a shallow depression sloping gently towards the north-east.
The material being used for marling the land, three pits have been
opened in it, the largest and most interesting lying close to the road
about 250 yards north of the farm. A few yards to the north-west
the margin of the deposit was proved by boring ; and the ancient
settlement about to be described seems to have lain on the dry
bank immediately above the stream at that spot. In this pit the
dip of the tufa is made conspicuous by a seam containing enough
scattered charcoal to change the normal cream-colour to grey, and
by its parallelism to the present soil to show that the surface
contours have not since been altered by erosion. The general
section in this pit is roughly as follows :

Feet.
Black soil : at its base Roman coins, Romano-]

British pottery, shells of oyster, whelk, cockle, Y 1

Helix aspersa, H. ericetorum, H. virgata, &c. J
Hard tufa with leaves of hazel, elm, and oak. land-"

shells, flint-flakes, and charcoal.
Granular tufa, fairly soft, flint-flakes, bones of pig

and deer, limpets and other marine shells, land

snails, including Glausilia laminata, Bulimus

montanus, &c., much charcoal.
Loamy and marly tufa, with small land-shells,

occasional Limncea truncatula, rare flint-flakes,

and charcoal.

Loam with stony base.

The contrast between the black soil full of fragments of Roman

or Romano-British pottery, and cream-coloured tufa below is very

marked. The Roman layer was deposited when the tufa had

ceased to form, and it is noticeable that not only the pottery but

the three most abundant snails found in it are entirely missing in

the tufa below.

70 AN EAULY NEOLITHIC KITCHEN-MIDDEN.

In various parts of the pit miniature ramifying caves may IDC
seen, corresponding exactly, on a smaller scale, with the caverns
found in an ordinary limestone. These caves usually contain a
whitish deposit of calcareous cave-earth sealed up beneath a hard
thin stalagmitic crust. Above the crust is sometimes another
blacker deposit containing shells like those of the Roman layer or
soil, though below the crust one only finds the Neolithic species.

At the southern end of the pit Mr. Wallace and I discovered
still further evidence of the antiquity of the deposit, for a grave
had been sunk about four feet into the tufa, lined with slabs of
Purbeck stone, and contained the skeleton of a youth buried in
a contracted position. This was apparently an interment consider-
ably older than the Roman period, probably Neolithic. Mr.
Wallace, who examined the grave, could find nothing in it besides
the skeleton, but it had already been broken into before our visit.
No deposit of tufa had taken place after this grave was dug. The
Roman layer apparently passed over the grave, though that point
was not perfectly clear. Thus we can prove that the tufa is not
only earlier than the Roman layer, but had ceased to form before
this interment took place.

The next point to decide is : how much earlier is the tufa than
the Roman layer, and for this purpose we have only the fossil
contents to guide us, for it rests directly on Wealden Beds. The
contents of the tufa are so singular as at first to make me think
that the deposit might date as far back as the Palaeolithic Period ;
but closer examination convinces me that it cannot well be older
than early Neolithic. Taking first the ethnological evidence : we
have not yet discovered human remains, though we have abundant
evidence that man lived in the neighbourhood during the whole of
the period when tufa was being deposited. Flint-flakes and
charcoal occur throughout, though they are most abundant about
the middle of the deposit. With them we find cores from which
flakes have been struck, and occasionally a rough chalk-flint
apparently thrown away as worthless. The flaking is of the
ordinary Neolithic type, though poorly done and the material badly

AN EARLY NEOLITHIC KITCHEN-MIDDEN. 71

selected. After examining 400 or 500 flakes and chips no
implement of any sort could be found, and not a single flake shows
the slightest signs of secondary chipping. This is remarkable, for
the flaking was evidently done on the spot, and one would expect
to find at least one or two damaged implements among that number.
Pottery also is entirely absent. Charcoal in small fragments is
plentiful ; and was probably blown or washed on to the wet surface
of the tufa from the settlement on the bank above a few yards
away. Bones of pig, red-deer, roe-deer, and a large ox, * used for
food, are found, but extinct mammals are missing, as is also, thus
far, all evidence of domestic animals or of cultivated plants. None
of the bones have been in any way carved or cut ; though the number
seen is too small for this negative evidence to be of much value.

Broken marine shells are common, especially the limpet, which
seems to have formed a considerable part of the food of the tribe.
The cockle, oyster, and whelk are entirely missing, though found
in the soil above. The complete list of marine shells is :
Patella vulgata
Littorina littorea

littoralis

Trochus tumidus
Scrobicularia piperata

Of these only the first two, the limpet and periwinkle, are eaten
at the present day. Littorina littoralis and Trochus tumidus are
usually considered inedible. Scrobicularia is said to have a peppery
flavour ; it is never eaten in the south of England. None of the
shells show sign of fire, so the shell-fish were probably eaten raw.

The marine shells are all species that could be gathered between
tide-marks without the use of apparatus of any sort, except perhaps
a stone or stick, to knock off limpets and dig up the Scrobicularia.
The limited assemblage is such as to show clearly where they were
obtained. Except Scrobicularia these molluscs are all species
found on a rocky coast, and just such an assemblage might be
gathered anywhere near Chapman's Pool or Durlston without the

* All determined by my colleague, Mr. E. T. Newton.

72 AN EARLY NEOLITHIC KITCHEN-MIDDEN.

admixture of others. The absence of various common species
shows that they probably did not come from Swanage Bay. The
absence of Pliolas suggests that they did not come from the soft
chalky foreshore under Ballard Down, where also Scrobicularia
would not be found. The entire absence of cockles, much better
food than any of the species eaten at Blashenwell, suggests that
the tribe had no access to Poole Harbour, where cockles abound.
Everything points to the neighbourhood of Chapman's Pool, two
miles or so from Blashenwell, as the place where the shells were
gathered. The estuarine Scrobicularia, it is true, is not now to be
found there ; but when the coast had been less cut back, and
extended half-a-mile or more further seaward, the lower part of
the valley was probably tidal, and Chapman's Pool would yield
exactly the assemblage we find at Blashenwell.

No remains of fish or birds have yet been found. The land-
snails, which are so plentiful in the tufa, may not have been used
for food, though it would be impossible to distinguish between
shells broken by thrushes and those broken by men.

We seem, therefore, to have evidence at Blashenwell of a very
low race, unacquainted with metals or even pottery, making flint
knives, but no better implements, apparently without domestic
animals or cultivated plants, and living principally on wild pig,
deer, and limpets. The remains of their feasts seem all to have
been thrown into the stream, to be immediately sealed up in the
tufa. It may be said that this was merely a horde of outcasts,
such as may be found picking up a precarious living on the shore
in various countries at the present day. But against this view is
the fact that the mass of tufa, some eight feet thick, though
undoubtedly deposited rapidly, must have taken a good many
years to form, and traces of the same race occur throughout. If
higher races at that time lived anywhere in the neighbourhood one
would expect to find an implement or a piece of pottery ; and it
seems unlikely that they would have left one of the choicest sites
to a lower tribe. On these grounds, and because of its relation to
the more recent interment, I would suggest that this kitchen*

AN EARLY NEOLITHIC KITCHEN-MIDDEN. 73

midden is of very early Neolithic date. The accompanying fauna,
the character of the flaking ot the flints, and the unaltered contour
of the ground, show that it cannot well be Palaeolithic.

If we examine next the remains of the animals and plants not
brought by man, we learn still more about the character of the
country at that period. The leaves belong to the hazel, elm, and
oak just the trees that we should expect to find at Blashenwell
if the country were left to itself. The land and freshwater shells
are all species still inhabiting Dorset, though the character of the
Isle of Purbeck has considerably altered since they lived there.
The list includes several distinctly woodland forms ; and the open
country species so abundant in the Roman layer and on the surface
above are missing. The woods in that neighbourhood seem to
have been destroyed in Celtic times. The complete list of the land
and freshwater mollusca from the tufa is as follows :

Limnaea truncatula (rare ; the only freshwater species).

Hyalinia cellaria (abundant).

crystallina (common at the base, rare above).

fulva (one).

Helix aculeata (rare).

nemoralis (abundant).

hortensis (abundant).

arbustorum (common).

hispida (common).

rotundata (abundant).

pulchella (one).

lapicida (rare).

Bulimus montanus (rare).
Pupa umbilicata (one).
Vertigo pusilla (one).
Clausilia rugosa (common).

laminata (rare).

Zua lubrica (rare).

Carychium minimum (common).

Cyclostoma elegans (abundant).

74 AN EARLY NEOLITHIC KITCHEN-MIDDEN.

The list is perhaps more striking from the absence of so many of
our commonest living species than for anything else ; but there are
two which call for special attention. Helix nemoralis and Helix
hortensis are represented each by an extreme form at Blashenwell,
and these occur by the hundred without any intermediate forms.
The distinction of the two is so marked that no naturalist seeing a
large series from Blashenwell, and unacquainted with the
variability of the living snails, would for a moment hesitate to say
that they were good and well-marked species, belonging merely to
the same section of the genus. The following descriptions will
show this :

Helix nemoralis (from Blashenwell).
Shell large, depressedly globular, amber coloured or
yellow, without bands, lip dark.

Helix hortensis (from Blashenwell).

Shell smaller and more globular than H. nemoralis,
whitish, bands five, two narrow above and three
broader below, often widened till they become con-
fluent, lip white.

The difference is not due to deficiency of colour, for the dark-
lipped H. nemoralis is always amber-coloured or yellow, but entirely
without bands, while the smaller white-lipped H. hortensis is
whitish or grey and five-banded, a single specimen only having one
of the narrow bands missing. The banded H. nemoralis^ so common
at the present day, is wanting at Blashenwell, as are all intermedi-
ates or hybrids between the two forms. The exact meaning of
this exceptionally strong contrast between the Helix nemoralis and
H. hortensis found mingled at Blashenwell is not clear, and as yet
I have been unable to examine a sufficiently large series of these
species from Palaeolithic or earlier deposits to throw any light
on the question.

When an enquiry of this sort is undertaken, it is certain to lead
one into all sorts of by-paths and to produce results quite other
than those expected. The examination of the Blashenwell tufa

AN EARLY NEOLITHIC KITCHEN-MIDDEN. 75

was commenced in the hope of obtaining some clue to the geological
and climatic changes of the county and with a view to collect a
good series of fossil plants. In neither of these respects was the
result satisfactory ; hut on the other hand we have obtained an in-
sight into a prehistoric period of which little was known. Several
other questions have been raised, and one of them I should like
to mention, as it concerns both archaeologists and naturalists, and
we need their help :

Land snails are not generally thought to be of much account for
fixing the age of deposits ; but this is probably a mistake ; they are
likely to prove extremely valuable historic medals for the periods
before coins were used or history written. Several of our
commonest snails seem to have been introduced by human agency,
in all probability by accident. They seemingly did not come in all
together, but one by one, and if archaeologists will carefully collect
the land-shells, which are so abundant in nearly every grave on the
Downs, we ought soon to arrive at the date of their introduction,
and so be able to use them for fixing the dates of other antiquities
of doubtful age. The common Helix aspersa of our gardens, for
instance, I have never seen in any deposit satisfactorily shown to
be older than the Roman invasion. If this holds good it will be
a valuable guide.

)n a SEhirltoinb at f loxtoorth

By Rev. 0. PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE, M.A., F.R.S., &c.

GST of us, I suppose, have observed those curious
rotatory gusts of wind which in summer-time raise
the dust (and even sometimes the gravel) along the
roads in a spiral form ; sometimes raising the dust
high into the air, sometimes running a course of
only a few yards, at other times considerably more.
I have myself seen one of these traverse a hay field,
carrying the hay along in a spiral path and whirling
it onwards high in the air, depositing it, as the force
of the gust died away, in any place but where the unfortunate
owner desired, leaving also a Avell marked and cleared track of
some yards in width behind it.

One of the most interesting, in some senses, of these 1 witnessed
in the month of June last, interesting on account of its small size
and perfect development, being a whirlwind in miniature. I was
standing on a gravel path close to my house ; the path was covered
with loose, light, sandy gravel, much mixed with minute particles
of dead leaves. A litttle rustling noise at my feet made me look
down, when, with the slightest possible sound, the sand and dead-
leaf fragments began to rise and move along the path in a spiral
form, rising to about two feet high, increasing in speed and width
for about two yards or so, then gradually decreasing both in speed

ON A WHIRLWIND AT BLOXWORTH. 77

and width, until at about four yards' distance the whole had
subsided. The whole performance took no more than two minutes,
if as much. The cause of these rotatory winds is not, I believe,
known ; but whatever it may be, we may fairly, I think, conclude
that it is, in degree, the same as the cause of those whirlwinds
which are of much greater extent and often do great damage in
their course. They are of comparatively rare occurrence in this
country, but are sometimes noteworthy as presenting many features
in common with those of enormous extent and resulting in great
destruction, which occur in tropical regions.

The one on which I propose to offer a few remarks to-day is one of
a kind of which we do occasionally hear in this country ; but it has
an especial interest in the present instance because its path from
beginning to end is so plainly traceable, and its eifects not only dis-
astrous but in some points curious. This whirlwind took place just at
the culminating point of a strong south-westerly gale, on the 10th
of November last (1895). The wind rose rapidly during the day,
veering from S. to S.W., and continued to blow heavily with
heavy rain all the evening ; the barometer fell during the
day very nearly three-fourths of an inch, and reached its lowest
point (29 inches) near midnight. At just a quarter of an hour
later, above the normal noise of the gale I heard a rushing sound
as of many heavy goods trains approaching; it roared by, and
in five minutes had quite passed away. The gale itself almost
immediately slackened, and in half-an-hour or so all was still and
quiet. On going, the next morning, into my orchard, I was little
prepared for the scene of devastation that presented itself; half
the orchard, comprising an area of 2J acres, was as complete a
wreck as a dozen or score of men could have made of it in a
week's work. Almost every tree was uprooted, some lying one
way, some another ; and looking along the line of destruction,
each way, the timber (mostly oak) presented a somewhat similar
wreck. Some trees were snapped off at the middle of the trunk,
others (and those most numerous) with almost every limb torn off,
twisted and hurled about in every direction. As soon as I could I

78 ON A WHIRLWIND AT BLOXWORTH.

traced the path of the whirlwind, and most satisfactorily marked
both its beginning and ending (these are shewn on the map which
I have drawn to illustrate it). The whole length of the course is
exactly one mile, and its width varies from 60 to 80 yards. It is
as nearly as possible a straight course, and its edges are remarkably
well defined ; though heie and there a tree somewhat away from it
is destroyed, and there are at places a tree or trees, quite in the
track, untouched. The direction of the track is exactly S.W., no
doubt following the general direction of the gale of wind blowing
at the moment. It began (see map, letter A.) by uprooting a large
birch tree, breaking off and otherwise mauling a lot of oak trees,
but none of large size. Two elms and various oaks were thrown
down in its continuance, until it reached a wood of timber and
coppice (letter E.), where several oaks of considerable size were
uprooted and many others torn to pieces, leaving a very well
marked path through the wood ; thence the track lay through my
orchard (letter I).). Here, referring to the plan, you may see that,
crossing the orchard in a diagonal direction, the whirlwind laid low
just half of it, as well as broke off or tore to pieces several oak
trees in the hedge. The apple trees were all, excepting one or two,
cleanly and completely uprooted. Some of them were lifted and
dropped again at distances varying from two to twenty feet, look-
ing much as though plucked up like a cabbage plant and thrown
down a little way off. The trees, with earth and all adhering,
thus raised could scarcely weigh less than a ton and a-half or more
each ; they were not thrown down in one direction, but, like the
oaks, lay some in one, some in another. The force of the wind
thus appears not only to have come in a spiral form, but to have
had also a distinct upward stroke. The rest of the track lay
through grass fields, and the trees for the most part were in the
hedges. I have marked in the plan with red spots the sites of the
principal trees destroyed. At the bottom of the orchard a transverse
red line marks the position of a large limb broken off and blown from
an oak tree at about sixty yards' distance in the wood below it, and
shewn in one of the photographs exhibited. Adverting to the fcta

ON A WHIRLWIND AT BLOXWORTH. 79

of some trees here and there in the track escaping, I may point to
letter C. in the plan, where there were eight or ten large elms,
some of them directly in the line ; but not a twig even of any one
of them shewed signs of the wind, whereas a large one close by in
the fence at F. was broken off at the trunk. Occurring in the
middle of the night, it was not witnessed by any one ; if it had
taken place in the day time it would have been a fine sight, and
doubtless a bystander might have stood close to the edge of the
track and experienced no inconvenience whatever.

The only previous occurrence of the kind, of which I have myself
seen any such effects as I have above described, took place in Blox-
worth some 20 or 25 years ago, but although its general character and
effects were similar the latter were by no means so traceable, or so
disastrous ; in this former instance the path of the whirlwind was
about two miles in length, the attendant circumstances were also
very similar viz., a very rapid previous fall of the barometer, a
gale of wind from S.W., and an immediate dropping of the wind
after the blast had gone by. I have represented roughly in the
plan, by red spots, the various trees destroyed, the larger spots
noting the larger trees ; but of course I do not pretend to any
exact numerical accuracy. The number of apple trees destroyed,
however, is just over 40, and they average from 8 to 15 inches in
diameter of the trunk; all were planted by myself just 51 years
ago.

I may mention here that the photographs I have shewn were
done by one of our Members, Mr. F. J. Beckford, and kindly given
to me for the purpose of illustrating my account of this whirlwind.

on the

of fesap <. JftkhaeV*
fe*age JUl Saints',

READ AT THE WIMBORNE MEETING, SEPTEMBER 10TH, 1895.*

By the Rev. Canon Sir TALBOT H. B. BAKER, Bart.

GUSSAGE ST. MICHAEL'S CHURCH.

HE first object that strikes the eye, on entering the
churchyard, is a grand old yew-tree, which, wide-
spreading as it is, is said to have lost several large
limbs in recent years.

The Church presents a curious, rather than a
shapely form, as viewed from the X. side. The
Tower seems unsymmetrically massive, and the
clerestory is disproportionately high for beauty, while the Porch,
though its niche and four-centred archway prove it to belong to
the Perpendicular, or even Tudor period, has been a good deal
modernised, and the Chancel rebuilt by the late Mr. Street still
looks crude by the side of the dilapidated old work. On the S.
your inspection of the building is constantly interrupted by masses
of ivy, allowed to run riot, even over the windows, and by coarse
young elder trees, rendering the walls, already too damp by
centuries of accumulation of soil, still damper. This, however, is
soon to be remedied under the careful superintendence of Mr.

* This paper hats been altered in one or two particulars since it was read.

GUSSAGE s. MICHAEL'S AND GUSSAGE ALL SAINTS' CHURCHES. 81

Ponting, to whose report I shall frequently allude, e.g. I shall
give his opinion as to a Norman buttress, in the centre of the
W. wall of the Tower, which wall has no window or doorway ;
indeed, there is no external doorway anywhere in the Tower. He
considers this buttress to have supported the gable roof, which ran
E. and W. to cover the Norman, or lower and second storey, part
of the Tower.

You enter the Church by an old door riddled with notice nail-
holes, with good ironwork about it, and if you have any archeeo-
logical feeling, you are bound to exclaim, " Here is an old un-
restored Church well worth seeing !" The chief part of the fabric
consists of a nave of two bays, opening into N. and S. aisles, of
Anglo-Norman style, circa 1180. I feel bound to give Mr.
Ponting's opinion, however, " That the arcades between nave and
aisles date from about 1320." The Tower ground floor, \vith its
arch opening into the nave, all agree to be the oldest part of the
church. The perfectly plain imposts of the piers of this round
arch, also the narrow window slits, with rounded heads originally,
though now cut square, to carry the beams of the ringing-loft, are
proofs of this. They are of the early Norman style. Within the
Tower is a wooden staircase, leading across the W. wall to the
ringing-stage ; well worth noticing. The tower is so dark that I
am indebted to Mr. Ponting's report for the information, that this
staircase is of oak of Jacobean date. He calls it a "most
picturesque arrangement," and so it is ; but it cannot compare in
picturesqueness with the wooden winding staircase that serves the
same purpose inside the tower of Stratton Church.

You should look at the round axle of wood, with holes in it, for
the insertion of levers, between the two front uprights of the
staircase. This is said to have been used in lifting the bells into
the Belfry. It could not, however, have been so used, when
occupying the precise place, where it now is found ; but it may
easily have been removed to that place. The nave bays date from
the next period of work in this church. One (or two) of their
columns rests on a huge mis-shapen base, five or six inches high,

82 GUSSAGE s. MICHAEL'S AND GUSSAGE ALL SAINTS' CHURCHES.

which serves also to support the Font. The font is circular both in
bowl and base, and undoubtedly is coeval with the nave of the
church. Mr. Pouting thinks, from the unusual height of these
base moulds, that they served as a bench base, or seat for the
congregation. I do not recollect to have seen such an arrangement
for sitting, in the many scores of churches I have visited in most
parts of England. The round and massive columns have each only
a slightly-cut abacus (or cap mould), save the one close to the font.
This has a shallow elongated lozenge-shaped moulding in addition,
which scarcely, I suppose, can be called a dog-tooth ornament.
The original roof was supported on corbels, which still exist, and
on the east face of the tower you will see a bit of its dripmould ;
but the Perpendicular people raised the roof considerably and
built the clerestory, yet only inserted one window on either side.
To give more light they placed two windows on the eastern gable.
In Mr. Ponting's opinion, however, the whole of the E. wall is of
modern construction. Yet Hutchins, in his first edition dated
1774, speaks of there then existing "Two windows on the E. end
of the body of the church, over the chancel." The Perpendicular
people added the upper storey of the tower, with the well-propor-
tioned windows, and to this period belong also the windows of the
N. and S. aisles, and, as I said, the skeleton of the porch. On the
E. end of the 1ST. aisle are mouldings of an arch resembling the
nave arches, which prove that at one time the aisle opened into a
Chantry chapel. At the restoration, under Mr. Street's direction,
this chapel roof must have been lowered ; but I presume that so
careful an architect followed, in other respects, the original lines of
the chancel, with its window and arch tracery. Indeed, the entire
double arch, opening into the organ chamber, which occupies the
place of this Chantry chapel, looks to me to have belonged to the
old church. The jambs of these two arches are without imposts,
and their mouldings are carried up continuously from base to apex.
You should look at the large coffin-shaped slab of Purbeck
marble, with a hollow chamfer round the edge. The traces of a
cross may be seen on the top.

GUSSAGE s. MICHAEL'S AXD GUSSAGE ALL SAINTS' CHURCHES. 83

You should all go into the tower to see the staircase and bell-
lifting apparatus ; also please look at the rude sitting arrangement,
if such were intended, round the S.W. column and font, while the
experts will kindly give me their opinion on the date, whether
ancient or modern, of the mouldings of the two archways on the S.
side of the Chancel wall.

GUSSAGE ALL SAINTS' CHURCH.

Mr. Stent wishes me to take his place as describer of his church.
The task is not a difficult one. jSTo one need be told how well this
church stands a veritable city set on a hill. Its length and the
position of its Tower, rising on its S. side, and about a quarter of
the nave's length from the W. end, are unusual. Its style the
Decorated the richest of the Gothic or pointed styles, and its
being built, with one exception, in one style, are other, not common
features about it, in village churches, in this part of England,
certainly. I may as well point out the exception I allude to at
once. The two storeys of the tower are undoubtedly of the E.E. or
preceding period. But the top storey is Decorated. The newel
external staircase to the belfry is an architectural gem. On the
other hand, the finials (or pinnacles), on the top of the tower, are
uncomfortably supported on projecting corbels and look as if they
would at any moment topple over. The builders seem to have
been mightily afraid of a settlement in the W. wall of the Isfave,
which they have buttressed up, not, as usual, with one angle
buttress at each corner, but with double buttresses run up, at
right angles to each other, and with an additional support in the
middle, carried as high as the window sill.

Passing through the porch, which is formed out of the ground
storey of the tower, the four large corbels should be noticed with the
emblems of the Passion. You should look at the jambs of the
entrance door ; they are very bold, yet simple. You may notice
some mason marks or dedicative crosses on them,

When I went into the church the other day it struck me that I
was entering a handsome college chapel, rather than a village church,

It is the absence of aisles, very rare in an English church of this
size, that gave me this impression. Then the bold string course,
running shoulder high along the walls of the nave, ar:d surmounting,
by gradual steps, both existing and disused doorways, is remarkable.
The Font is contemporaneous with the church ; it is of Purbeck
marble, well worn, and lined with lead. The internal hood
mouldings to the windows deserve special notice. Perhaps I
should call them the headings of the internal arches of the windows.
They are ornamented with five, and, in the case of the W. window,
with seven short cusps. You should observe the two piscinae in
the nave, as well as the one in the south chancel wall. The former
were discovered in the course of the restoration in 1865. So the
beading, with knops at its end in both cases, must have been added,
and so probably was added the projecting portion of the chancel
piscina, and its supporting angel corbel. For the account of the
church furnished to the last editors of Hutchins, by the Incumbent
(and it was the use of this mode of getting information from the
Incumbent of each parish, about his church, that makes some of
the descriptions of churches in this edition of our County history
so much better than others), tells us " This Chancel has been
wholly rebuilt." This was under the superintendence of the late
Mr. Ewan Christian. The late Mr. Hicks, of Dorchester, was the
architect employed for restoring the nave.

About the floors lie two brass plates, with inscriptions dated
1508 and 1574 respectively. You should especially observe the
canopied arch overhanging a slab now in the N. wall of the Nave
towards the E. This is probably the Founder's tomb. At the
restoration of 1865 the skeleton of a large-sized man was found
beneath it.

The arch over the opening to the organ chamber was once the
chancel arch. If this be the case, to be consistent with what I
gave as my opinion before you, in the somewhat parallel case of the
Charminster Chancel arch, I ought to condemn such a removal ; but
I am bound to say that had that arch, with its contracted height
and span, been rebuilt in its old position, you would have lost, in

GUSSAGE ALL SAINTS CHURCH

GUSSAGE s. MICHAEL'S AND GUSSAGE ALL SAINTS' CHURCHES. 85

some measure, that bright and cheerful effect, which the loftier and
wider modem chancel arch gives to the edifice as you now see it,
which edifice must be a delightful one to officiate and to worship in.
There is an Elizabethan Chalice, or " Coupe " (as it is called on
the inscription), in the vestry, which you should look at, and the
Parish Register is also in the vestry for inspection ; it dates from
1560, but the similarity of writing in the first few pages show, in
my opinion, that the earlier entries were not contemporaneous.

DESCRIPTION OP THE BELLS, BY REV. W. HERBERT STENT,

VICAR.

One of the most interesting features of this church is its ancient
bells. Three of them are probably coeval with the top part of the
tower. They bear the following inscriptions, the spelling of which
is, I am led to understand, evidence of their antiquity :

>0 goto,
torn

TENOR. + $u <fe <fde gi
TREBLE. FEARE GOD. I. W. 1621.

The stern command on this last bell bears witness to the different
spirit that had come over the country and the Church in the 17th
century. The initials I. W. are said to proclaim it the work of
John Wallis, the famous bell-founder, of Salisbury. Rubbings of
the inscriptions may be seen by those who do not care to climb the
tower.

To some, perhaps, of greater interest than the antiquity of the
belfry, will be the recent successful repair of the tenor bell by
Herr Ohlsson, of Lubeck, a Norwegian brazier. The bell was
cracked and had been condemned to the melting pot. But we
were most anxious to save it, and having heard of Herr Ohlsson, I
entered into communication with him. Numerous authorities on
bells prophesied failure. In the hope of saving this most interest-

86 GUSSAGK s. MICHAEL'S AND GUSSAGE ALL SAINTS' CHURCHES.

ing feature of our church we risked the cost of an experiment.
Herr Ohlsson came here rather more than twelve months ago ; the
bell was completely restored, and I may add that it has been
frequently rung and constantly chimed since that time. Two
English bell-hangers who have recently visited us (and who were
amongst those who predicted failure) now consider the repair a
complete success.

Since the above was written a fifth bell has been added, bearing
the inscription " Sancte Jesu Intercede pro nobis."

Free. Dorset JV.H. & A.F. Chib.VoL XVII. 1896 .

Mintem.Bros.lith.

o CorortopxiS, L.'var. cera."bopKylloxv,IiapirL

it rt |teto gorsetshm
dtonmopus,

p of $Jlantago

un.

By EDMUND G. BAKER, F.L.S.

etf February llth, 1S9G.

attention was drawn to the question of Plantago
Coronopus, L., and its allies during a botanical
excursion in Ireland early in June last year
(i.e., 1895). Whilst botanising with my friend
Mr. Clement Reid on the extensive sand dunes
at Castle Gregory, co. Kerry, we came across
a peculiar broad-leaved hairy Plantago, which,
being markedly different from typical P.
Coronopus, Lin., at once arrested attention.
Upon dissection the capsules were found to be generally 3-celled
and two seeded. As typical P. Coronopus, L., is 3 or 4-celled and
3 or 4-seeded we collected specimens, and I determined to compare
them with allied Continental forms upon our return home.

A little later in the year I spent the remaining portion of my
holidays in Dorsetshire, at Lyme Regis, and searched the district
pretty thoroughly for Plantagos, and was fortunate enough to find

88 PLANTAGO CORONOPUS, LINK.

near Charmoutli a plant which has turned out to be of rather
special interest. The Dorsetshire plant, though allied to the Irish
specimens in some points, differed considerably from them in habit :
the root was thicker and the leaves never flat on the ground
(except perhaps in the very early stages) but erecto-patent ; the
lamina of the leaf was 3-5-nerved and the lobes rather large. The
capsule was often 2-seeded, but this was not at all constant, as the
number of seeds seems to vary.

It seemed to me it was well worth while to endeavour to identify
this plant, if it were possible, and I have embodied the conclusions
arrived at in the following somewhat fragmentary remarks.

Mons. Decaisne in his monograph of the genus Plantago (De
Candolle's Prodromus, Vol. XIII.), diagnoses the section Coronopus
as follows : " Plants annuse vel perennes. Corollse tubus dimidia
inferiore parte villosus ; capsula sub-4-locularis,* 3-4-spermia."

The section is sub-divided into those plants with rather thick
entire or sub-entire leaves and into those in which the leaf is flat
and either dentate pinnate or pinnatifid, and in this latter category
are to be found P. Serraria Lin., P. macrorhiza Poir. and P.
Coronopus, Lin., P. Serraria, L., is principally distinguished by
the rachis of the leaf being 3-5-nerved and by the teeth being
remote and linear or lanceolate, and the capsule 4- or by abortion
2-seeded. P. macrorhiza, Poir., originally described from Sicily,
has a stout root and fleshy leaves which are subimbricately incised-
dentate, the scape is pubescent, and the capsule is described as being
2-3-locular and 2-seeded.

[The capsules of Todaro's exsic, No. 863, which is quoted by
Nyman as authentic for this plant, have been examined and found
to be as described.]

Under P. macrorhiza, Poir., Decaisne quotes as synonyms P,
crithmoides,~Desl, P. coronopifolia, Brot.,andP.cerafop/i?/#a, Hoffm.
and Link, and Nyman follows him in so doing, adding P. negleda,
Gussone, and placing as a sub-species P. purpurascens, Willk.

* Rarius 2-&permia also ought to be added.

PLANTAGO CORONOPUS, LINN. 89

There is also a variety of P. macrorhiza, Poir. * which has
been described by Gussone under the name b. humilis ; he
characterises it as having a slender root and carnose subcanescent
leaves. When examining the figure and specimens of P. ceratoplnjlla,
Hoffm. and Link, Fl. Port, p. 431., t. 74 (1809), I was at once
struck with the extraordinary similarity of this to the Dorsetshire
plant. It is originally described from Portugal, and has a long
thick root with much longer leaves than in P. macrorhiza, Poir.,
subpinnatifid with remote lanceolate segments, the rachis of the leaf
much broader than in P. Coronopus, L.. the capsule described as
having 3 loculi, 2 seminiferous, and one smaller sterile. P.
coronopifolia, Brotero, Fl.f Lusitanica, i.. p. 157, appears identical
with the above.

I have examined the capsules in a number of specimens of P.
ceratophylla to see whether they are as has just been described, and
find them generally to be so, trilocular and 2-seeded, but not by
any means always the case. As this is an important point, the
Dorsetshire plant being by no means always 2-seeded, I may say
that in a plant collected by Bourgeau on the banks of the Guadal-
quivir, No. 423, and quoted by Nyman under this species, in some
of the capsules were three perfect seeds, and in one capsule examined
were four seeds, the smallest being exactly 1 mill. long.

Before attempting to identify a Dorsetshire plant with a Portugese
species it seemed advisable to submit specimens to Prof. Henriques,
of Coimbra, who has, perhaps, the most extensive knowledge of
the flora of that country of living botanists. He most kindly
examined a plant sent to him, obtaining from Lisbon, in order to be
in a good position to form an opinion, authentic material of the
Portuguese plant. In his reply Prof. Henriques states, that the
Dorsetshire plant quite agrees with his herbarium specimens of
P. ceratophylla, but he does not think that this species can be held
to be specifically distinct, but must be considered as synonymous

* Fl. Sicula, p. 192.

t A plant which I have seen so named by Prof. Henriques from near
Coimbra bears out this statement, but has a rather narrower rachis.

PLANTAGO CORONOPUS, LINN.

with P. Coronopus var. latifolia. I was exceedingly interested in
this statement as it coincided almost exactly with the opinion I
had already formed. It seems well, perhaps, to give in parallel
columns the distinguishing characteristics of the two plants.

P. Coronopus, Lin.

Hoot generally slender, annual
or biennial.

Leaves generally spreading flat
on the ground, more rarely sub-
erect, strap-shaped or linear, one
nerved usually furnished with
narrow acuminate ascending lobes
rachis generally not so long as P.
ccratophylla

Scape usually exceeding the
leaves.

Heads of flowers Jin. lin., or
more long.

Bracts acuminate longer than
the sepals.

Capsule 3-4 locular, 3-4 seeded.

Hab Widely spread in Great
Britain. Distributed also widely
in Europe, North Africa, and West
Asia.

P. ceratophylla, Hoftm. and Link.

Eoot long, thick, probably per-
ennial.

Leaves suberect, hairy, oblanceo-
late in outline, generally 3-nerved,
occasionally 5-nerved, rachis
broader than in P. Coronopus,
Lin., apex acute or subacuminate,
segments lanceolate, r e m o t e,
occasionally toothed acute or sub-
acuminate, rachis 6 inches long,
sometimes longer.

Scape longer than the leaves
towards the apex, rather more
hairy than in P. Coronopus.

Heads of flowers 1, 3, or 4in.,
or more long.

Bracts acuminate longer than
the sepals.

Capsule trilocular (in the original
description) described as 2-seeded,
but judging from herbarium speci-
mens examined evidently some-
times more seeded.

Hab The specimens I have
seen in * Herbaria come from
Portugal and Spain. Always near
the sea.

As previously stated the plant sent to Professor Henriques for
identification was gathered on the beach at Charmouth, but Mr.

* P. macrorhiza, Poir., appears to me to be easily distinguishable from
P. ceratophylla, Hoffm. and Link. This statement, therefore, only applies
to this latter plant as distinguished from the former.

PLANTAGO CORONOPUS, LINN. 91

Reid kindly searched Poole Harbour and gathered there a very
similar plant, which, though perhaps not quite so broad in the rachis,
approaches the Charmouth plant very closely. If, then, we accept
this Dorsetshire plant as the Portuguese P. ceratopliylla, Hoff. and
Link, we have an exceedingly interesting addition to our Flora, but
one which I hardly think can be held to be specificially distinct from
Corojiopus, L., but is very easily recognisable as a well marked
variety.

Prof. Henriques suggests its identity with var. latifolia. This
variety, which first appears in De Candolle's Flore Francaise,
tome III., p. 41 7, is founded on Plantago columnoe of Gouan's
Illustr., p. 6.

I quote a portion of Gouan's diagnosis and description

" Plantago, foliis bipinnatis, basi lanatis, foliolis confluentibus,
summis auriculatis, scapo tereti.

In monte Ceti, Agatham versus, cum priori (P. Coronopus) oritur.
Radix crassa, perennis. Scapi plures 8-16, pilis appressis hirti,
biunciales, paulove altiores, alii erecti, alii ad terram deflexi. Folia
basi lanata, scapis triple breviora, hirta, variabilia; quandoque
pinnata (more Scabiosarum ut notat Bauhinus confer Bauhin,
Prod. p. 98.) foliolis utrinque tribus lanceolatis mucronatis ;
quorum duo, quse proxima foliolo impari, basi deorsum auriculata

sunt Spica in omnibus cylindrica semiuncialis

canescens, fere glatra."

Specimens of Gouan's plant exist in the Kew Herbarium, but as
neither the specimens nor the description quite agree with the
Dorsetshire plant, although closely approaching, this will have to
be referred to a var. ceratophyllon, which I find Mons. Rapin in
1827, in his "Esquisse de 1' Histoire Naturelle de Plantaginees"
described of P. Coronopus, it being founded on P. ceratoplnjlla
and P. coronopifolia, Brot.

PLANTAGO CORONOPUS, var. CERATOPHYLLON, Rapin, Esquisse de
1' Histoire Naturelle. de Plantaginees in Mem. Soc. Lin., Paris vi.
(1827), p 482,

92 PLANTAGO CORONOPUS, LINN.

P. coronopifolia, Brotero, Fl., Lusit i., p. 157.

P. ceratophyUa, Hoff. and Link., FL, Port, i., p. 491, t. 74.

Root thicker than in the type, probably perennial. Leaves Gin.
long, sometimes longer, suberect, hairy, oblanceolate in outline,
generally 3-nerved, occasionally 5-nerved, apex, acute, or subacu-
minate, segments lanceolate remote, occasionally toothed, acute, or
subacuminate.

Scape longer than the leaves, towards the apex rather more
hairy than in the type. Heads of flowers lin. to 3 or 4in. or more
long. Bracts acuminate longer than the sepals. Capsule trilocular
generally (as described in the original description) 2-seeded, some-
times more seeded.

Hab. Portugal and South West Spain.

In Great Britain Dorsetshire at Charmouth and near Poole
Harbour.

It seems advisable to bring together the other principal named
varieties and forms of P. Coronopus. As far as I am avare
only the first has been definitely recorded hitherto for Great
Britain.

The type is a plant with narrow generally uninerved lea\es,
toothed or pinnatifid, with usually ascending scapes, equalling or
exceeding the leaves ; spikes J-4in. long. Capsule 3-4 celled, 3-4
seeded. It is the plant figured in English Botany, ed. 3, tab. MCLX.,
and Ic. Flor., Dan., t. 272, and judging from the description it is
the vulgaris of Grenier and Godron, Flore de France Tom. II,,
p. 722.

1. PYGIVLEA, Lange, Haandbog der danske Flora, (1853).

A dwarf plant with narrow rachis and narrow segments. Leaves
in the specimens before me J-fin. long. Scapes apparently
generally ascending slender, usually only just longer than the
leaves. Spikes globose 2-4, possibly sometimes more flowered.

* Recorded from Denmark.

* I have to record my best thanks to Dr. Lange for kindly sending me
specimens of this plant.

PLANTAGO CORONOPUS, LINN. 93

* In Great Britain, recorded by Mr. W. H. Beefy, from Yell,
Shetland.

In the Natural History Museum, S. Kensington, there are speci-
mens from near New Romney, Kent, Coll. F. D. Parker, and
St. David's Head, Pembrokeshire, Coll. H. N. Ridley, which must
be referred to this variety. In the Kew Herbarium there is a
specimen from Plymouth Bancli, probably this variety.

2. CRITHMIFOLIA, Willk. and Lange, Prod., Fl. Hisp., Vol., II.,
p. 359.

Leaves not carnose, bipinnatipartite, hirsute, rachis dilated
towards the apex, sub 3-nerved, segments oval, lanceolate, peduncles
ascending.

Recorded from South Spain.

3. LATIFOLIA, DC., Fl., Fr., Tom. III., p. 417.
Plantago Columnce, Gouan, Illus., p. 6.

P. Cornuti, Jacq. Misc. II., p. 351 ; Ic. rar. i., t. 27, non. Gouan.

P. Jacquini, R. and S., Syst. III., p. 140.

Leaves not carnose hirsute lanceolate or linear lanceolate, rachis
broad 3-nerved, segments linear lanceolate, peduncles ascending.

Recorded from South West Europe and North Africa (Barbary).

f There are authentic specimens of P. Columnse, Gouan, in the
Kew Herbarium. The rachis of the leaf is not particularly broad.

4. MARITIMA, Gren. and Godr., Fl. Fr., Tom. II., p. 722.
Leaves carnose, smooth or ciliate, linear lanceolate pinnatifid

rachis broad, 3-nerved, segments linear, peduncles erect.
Recorded from France, South Spain, Berlengas.

5. INTEGRATA, Gren. and Godr., I.e.
P. Coronopus, var. simplex. Dene.

Leaves carnose, linear, acuminate subentire, scarcely dentate,
ciliate or smooth, rachis sub 3-nerved, peduncles slender erect.

* Mr. Beeby also gathered on sea cliffs, Ollaberry, in the Shetland, an
interesting plant, which looks like very luxuriant pygmcea.

t There is a slight error on page 732 of M. Decaisne Monograph, which
is liable to mislead, under var. /3. Columnae of P. Coronopus. The first
synonym should be P. Columnoe, Gouan, and not P. Cornuti, Gouan.

94 PLANTAGO CORONOPUS,, LINN.

Recorded from Sweden, France, Spain, Mediterranean Region ;
reaches South Persia, Canary Islands.

Sir J.E. Smith in the English Flora places as var.fr of P. Coronopus.
Plantago gramineo folio hirsute, minor, capitula rotundo brevi. Dill
in Raii Synop, ed., 3, p. 316. This may approach the above variety.

6. CUPANI, Dene. in. DC., Prod, xiii., 1, p. 732.

P. Cupani, Guss., Fl. Sic., p. 190. Ic. Fl. Sic., t. 70, fig. 1.

Leaves rosulate, with narrow rachis and narrow segments,
spikes oblong, bracts ovate, rotund acute, shoiter than the calyx.

Hab. mountain pastures.

Recorded from Sicily and Morocco.

This is very different from type P. Coronopus, L., especially if
the plants generally referred here from the Atlas mountains are
correctly so placed. The root is stout and probably perennial.

In forma tenuifoha hirsuta, Wirtgen, the leaves are very
elongate, with narrow rachis and segments.

There are besides the above, which are the principal European
varieties of this plant, several European forms.

Dr. Wirtgen in his VIII. Fascicle of critical Rhenish Plants dis-
tributes a form of P. Coronopus, which he calls forma bipinnatifida,
the leaves being bipinnatifid with narrow rachis and segments,
There is a plant in the Kew Herbarium from the cliffs near
Freshwater Bay which closely approaches this latter form.

There are still remaining several well marked extra European
varieties of P. Coronopus, of which perhaps it is only necessary to
give a brief mention here.

Var. lomlydna Dene. I.e., has leaves with pinnate segments, and
has short, stout peduncles. It comes from Egypt. It is the
P. Coronopus, Forskahl, and M. Boissier considered it worthy of
specific rank and named it P. crypsoides. Var. Ganariensis, Dene.,
has linear 3-nerved, subentire, or shortly denticulate leaves, and
erect peduncles. It is recorded from Teneriffe.

Var. Moroccana, Ball, in Journ., Linn. Soc. xvi. p. 637, is a
small plant with a rachis sub 3-nerved, long, slender root and spikes
J-f in. long.

PLANTAGO CORONOPUS, LINN. 95

KEY TO THE EUROPEAN VARIETIES OF PLANTAGO CORONOPUS, L.

* Leaves with a narrow generally 1 -nerved racliis, rarely sub
3-nerved, sometimes enlarging towards apex.

Q Margin of leaf entire or scarcely dentate.

Var. integrata } Gren. and Godr.
Margin of leaf more or less lobed.
+ Spikos, few flowered.

Var. pygmaca, Lange.
+ 4- Spikes, many flowered (i.e., com-
pared with preceding many
flowered).

Racliis of leaf not conspicuously
enlarging towards apex.

Var. Cupani.

Rachis of leaf enlarging towards
apex.

Var. critlimifolia.

** Leaves with a broader rachis, 3-5 nerved, always more or less
lobed or segmented.

Leaves carnose.

Var. maritima.

Leaves not carnose, or hardly so.
Var. latifolia.
Var. ceratopliyllon.

n % (SolUrticrn of

Jfcssils from the Epper (Bmnsanb in ihe

JBttsntm.

By A. J. JUKES-BROWNE, B.A., F.G.S.

Read May 7th, 1896.

3TJHE collection, which is the subject of the present
communication, consists of fossils which have
been obtained from certain localties in North
Dorset. It is the combination of several
collections made by different persons and
presented to the Museum at different times.
Mr. Moule informs me that some of the fossils
formed part of the original Museum collection,
many were given by Mr. Summers, of Stoke
Wake, others by the Rev. C. W. Bingham, and
others again by Mr. Mansel-Pleydell.

The fossils attracted my attention when visiting the Museum in
1893 under the guidance of Mr. Moule, and I then recognised
among them several species which were familiar to me as occurring
in the Cambridge Greensand, but which had never been recorded
from the south-west of England. Later in that year I discovered
the bed from which the fossils had been obtained, and found that

FOSSILS FROM THE UPPER GREENSAND. 97

it formed part of the very topmost bed of the Upper Greensand
along a strip of country which is about twelve miles in length. It
sets in near Okeford Fitzpaine, which is not far from Sturminster
Newton, and is traceable as far westward as Dogbury Hill, north of
Mint erne.

If my readers will refer to the map of the Geological Survey
(sheet 18), or even to the small map accompanying my paper in
Vol. XVI. of the Proc. Dorset Nat. Hist, and Antiq. F. Club, they
will see that the line of junction between the Chalk and the Upper
Greensand runs through Ibberton, Woolland, and Stoke Wake,
curving southward to Melcombe Bingham and thence westward
along the hills south of Armswell Farm to Bookham, Buckland
Newton, and Minterne.

Along this line of country there are many small quarries and
road-cuttings in which the rock is exposed and as this is a hard
glauconitic sandstone of a decided green colour it is easily recognis-
able. Its conspicuous characters and the fact that it contains
numerous fossils in a good state of preservation appear to have
attracted the attention of local observers and as a consequence we
are fortunately in possession of a good collection of its organic
contents.

Anyone walking along the foot of the chalk escarpment from
the valley of the Stour will find the first trace of the bed in a sand
pit by the roadside about half-a-mile south of Okeford. The section
here is as follows :

Feet.
Soft glauconitic marl (base of chalk) ... ... 1

Dark glauconitic sand with many fossils, containing
in the upper part many concretionary lumps of
hard calcareous sandstone ... ... ... 2

Dark green sand with irregular concretions of rough
glauconitic sandstone passing down into green
sand without concretions ... ... ... 27

98 FOSSILS FROM THE UPPER GREENSAND.

The stony lumps in the top bed of sand are remarkable for
enclosing fragments of brown phosphate of lime and green-coated
phosphate nodules.

Further west, near Stoke Wake, this bed has become a nodular
calcareous sandstone, that is to say the whole mass is cemented by
calcite into a sandstone, instead of being merely a sand with
calcareous lumps, but the phosphate nodules are still only in the
upper part.

At Melcombe Bingham the rock-bed is six feet thick, and the
phosphatic portion is about two feet ; the latter is crowded with frag-
ments and nodules of brown phosphate with casts of fossils in the
same- material, besides which there are many fossils in an ordinary
state of preservation, having shells of calcite (or carbonate of lime).

The lower part of the sandstone also contains fossils, among
which Pecten asper, Janira quadricostata, Exogyra conica, and
Ostrea vesiculosa are most frequent.

The upper surface of the rock is generally uneven and waterworn
with cracks and hollows, which are filled with the material of the
overlying glauconitic chalk, the so-called " Chloritic Marl." The
sides of ihese cracks are often covered with small Serpulce, young
oysters, and Plicatulce, showing plainly that the rock was exposed
for some time to the action of a current in clear water before the
chalk began to be deposited upon it.

Moreover fossils belonging to the " Chloritic Marl " or basement
bed of the Chalk occur in the cracks and hollows of the sandstone,
and would naturally be regarded as belonging to the latter by any-
one who was not aware of the possibility of mixture. The chalk
phosphate, however, is much lighter in colour, having generally a
buff tint and the adherent matrix is a soft, fine-grained marl.
Many of the Chalk fossils were collected and mixed up with those
from the sandstone, but in working through the Museum collection
I have separated these out and have relegated them to their proper
place in the Lower Chalk series.

The sandstone-rock maintains the same thickness of about six
feet along the outcrop west of Melcombe Bingham, but the thickness

FOSSILS FROM THE UPPER GREENSAND.

of the portion charged with phosphatic nodules and fossils becomes
gradually less, till at Bookham this noduliferous part is not more
than six inches deep. The upper five or six inches of the rock in
the stone quarry on Dogbury Hill also contains a few such
phosphates and green-coated nodules, and one or two were found
in a quarry at Batcombe ; but the nodule bed which is so fossili-
ferous there and at Evershot is the basement bed of the chalk and
not the top of the Upper Greensand.

The fossils in the Dorchester Museum have been obtained
mainly from exposures at Stoke Wake, Anstey, Melcombe Bing-
ham, and the roadways south of Armswell. The following is a list
of them, the first column indicating their mineral condition whether
phosphatic (P.) or with sandstone matrix (S.), the second column
showing how many occur as phosphatic fossils in the Gault or in
the Cambridge Greensand, and the third how many occur in the
Warminster Greensand :

LIST OF
THE FOSSILS IN THE DORCHESTER MUSEUM,

.^H 33

CEPHALOPODA.

Ammonites falcatns, Mant.

S. and P.

rhamnonotus, Seeley

Rauliriianus (?), d'Orb.

rostratus, Sow.

S. and P.

splendens, Soiv. (var.)

Studeri, P. and Camp.

varians, Sow. (one specime

)

Vraconnensis (?) Pictet

Anisoceras armatus, Sow.

,, rotundus (?), Sow. .

Baculites baculoides, Soiv.

Nautilus sp....

Turrilites Bergen, Brong.
,, Puzosianus, d'Orb, .

P.
P.

X
X

100

FOSSILS FROM THE UPPER GREENSAND.

Mineral
condition.

Cambridge
Greensand.

Wanninster
Sand.

GASTEROPODA.

Avellana incrassata, Mant.

Fusus like bilineatus, P. and Eoux

Pleurotomaria Gibbsii (?) or lima, d'Orb.

sp. 2 with shell ...

,, sp. 3 (casts)

sp. 4 (casts) ...

,, sp. 5 (casts)

Solarium Binghami, Baily

Calcit<

)

Trochus(?)

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

Area (Cuculleea) <iequilateralis (?) Briart and Corn.

,, glabra, Park.

Galliennei, d'Orb. ...

Mailleana, d'Orb.

pholadiformis, d'Orb.

serrata (?>, d'Orb.

Cardium alutaceum, Miinster ...

Cardita Cottaldina (?), d'Orb. ..

,, dubia d'Orb. or tenuicosta (var.) Sow. ...

Corbula sp. ...

Exogyra columba, Sow.

conica, Sow. ...

Lima semisulcata, Sow.

,, semiornata (?), d'Orb.

Mactra sp. ? ...

Modiolasp. ...

Ostrea canaliculata, Sow.

carinata, Sow. ( = Irons Park.) ...

vesiculosa, Sow.

Pecten asper, Sow.

Galliennei, d'Orb.

orbicularis, Sow.

(Janira) sequicostata, d'Orb.

,, cometa, d'Orb.

,, quadricostata, Sow. (large)
,, quinquecostata, Sow. ...

s.
s.

Pectunculus sublsevis, Sow.

Plicatula inflata, Sow.

Spondylus Omalii (?), d'Arch. ...

,, striatus, Sow.

Tellina striatula, Park.

Trigpnia crenulifera, Lye.

,, spinosa, Park.

,, Vicaryana, Lye.

Unicardium sp.

Venus sp.

FOSSILS FROM THE UPPER GREENSAND.

101

Cambridge
Greensand.

Warminster
Sand.

BRACHIOPODA.

Rhynchonella convexa, Sow. ...
,, dimidiata, Sow. ...

S.
S. and P.

X
X

Grasiana, d'Orb.

,, Mantelliana, Sow.

Schloenbachi, Dav.

Wiestii, Dav. ...

Terebratula biplicata, Sow.

S. and P.

,, arcuata, Roem. ...

ovata, Sow.

S. and P:

,, semiglobosa, Sow.

squammosa, Mant.

Terebratella Beaumonti, d'Arch.

Menardi, d'Orb. ...

,, pectita, Sow.

sp. (young)

Terebrirostra lyra, Sow.

Terebratulina striata, Wahl. ...

ANNELIDA.

Ditrupa difformis, Lam.

Serpula antiquata, Sow.

sp. (small) ...

Galeolaria plexus, Sow.
Vermicularia concava, Sow. ...

s.
s.

X
X

ECHINODERMATA.

Caratomus rostratus, Ag.

Catopygus Columbarius, Lam,
Discoidea subuculus, Leske.

S. and P.
S. and P.

X
X

Echinobrissus lacunosus, Goldf.

Echinoconus castaneus, Brong.

Goniophorus lunulatus, Ag. ...
Holaster Icevis, Deluc...

S. and P.

X
X

Peltastes clathratus, Ag.

Pentacrinus sp.
Pseudodiadema Bennettice, Forbes ...

S.
S. and P.

,, variolare var. Roissyi ...

Salenia petalifera, Desm.

POLYZOA.

Ceriopora papularia, d'Orb.
Desmepora semicylindrica (?), Dixon ...
Onychosella sp.
Pustulipora pustulosa (?), Mich.

s.
s.
s.

Radiopora ornata, d'Orb.

102 FOSSILS FROM THE UPPER GREENSANb.

a 5

ACTINZOA.

Micrabacia coronula, Gold/. ...

HYDROZOA ?

Parkeria (three species or varieties)

SPONGIDA.

Siphonia tulipa, Zittel.

It will be seen from the above list that a certain number of these
species occur in the bed known as the Cambridge Greensand among
fossils which have been washed out of the Gault. Many of them
also occur in the Upper Gault and in the micaceous sandstone of
Devizes, but few of them range up to the summit of the Greensand.
Some of them, such as Ammonites rhamnonotus and Am.
Vraconnensis have not been found anywhere else in the south of
England and, as English fossils, were only previously known from
the Cambridge Greensand ; Am. Studeri again is only known from
near Cambridge and from one bed in the Upper Gault of Folke-
stone.

Most of the fossils which belong to this older fauna are
phosphatic casts, and some of the casts have evidently been
derived from some older deposit. Some of them have been
worn and rolled before being embedded in the sandstone, others
are sharp casts, but bear no trace of shell, and have small oysters
and Serpulse on their surface.

Some of the phosphatised fossils, however, especially those
which had thick shells, such as Area, Cardita, and Pectunculus,
have the shell preserved, but replaced by phosphate of lime.
Again, some of the casts have only a thin layer of smooth phos-
phate, the interior being apparently a mixture of the phosphate and
sand, as if the phosphatisation had in these cases been accomplished

FOSSILS FROM THE UPPER GREENSA^D. 103

after their embedment in the sand. The specimens of Siphonia
tulipa also are filled with the sandstone matrix and have the
appearance of having been phosphatised in situ. They resemble,
indeed, those which occur in the upper part of the Upper Green-
sand of the Isle of Wight. Lastly, there is a cast of Ammonites
rostratus in a sandstone matrix without any phosphatic matter,
though this species has never before been recorded as an underived
fossil from so high a position in the Upper Greensand.

It is at present beyond my power to explain all these anomalies ;
why the same species should occur in different states of mineralisa-
tion ; why some specimens seem to be derived from an older
deposit while others do not ; and why this nodule bed at the very
summit of the Greensand in Dorset should yield an assemblage of
fossils which in other parts of the country are not found together.
I can only state the facts and leave the matter for future
elucidation.

It is, however, the phosphatic fossils which create the difficulty :
apart from the occurrence of Ammonites rostratus in the sandstone
the fossils which occur as shells or as sandstone casts are such as
might be expected at this geological horizon. Most of them are
found in the bed of sand which forms the uppermost member of
the Upper Greensand at Warminster, and which has long been
celebrated for the number of its fossils and their excellent state of
preservation. There cannot be a doubt that the majority of the
fossils found in Dorset sandstone belong to the fauna of the zone
which Dr. Barrois has called the zone of Pecten asper.

Thus if we exclude the fossils which only occur as phosphatic
casts, the total number of named species from this sandstone is 60,
and of these, 45 occur at Warminster, or about 75 per cent. The
number of species found in a phosphatic condition is 38, and of
these, 22 occur in the Gault, or as derived phosphates in the
Cambridge Greensand ; this is only about 58 per cent., a
proportion which confirms the statement already made that the
phosphates are not all derived fossils, for they are not all members
of the fauna of the Am. rostratus zone.

104 FOSSILS FROM THE UPPER GREENSAND.

In conclusion, I may remark that this bed of sandstone, and the
fossils it contains, should have a special interest for the geological
members of our Club, because there is nothing exactly like it
elsewhere, and because it is entirely confined to the county of
Dorset. It is unusual for a bed of phosphatic nodules to occur at
the top of a formation. They are generally basement beds
occurring above and not below a plane of erosion, and when a
nodule bed in this position also contains a peculiar set of fossils,
including some which generally occur in much lower parts of the
same formation, the interest attaching to it becomes of more than
local importance.

REMARKS ON SOME OF THE SPECIES.

Ammonites rhamnonotus, Seeley (1865). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
Vol. XVL, p. 233, PI. XL, fig. 7.

This species was first described by Prof. H. G. Seeley from
specimens obtained from the Cambridge Greensand, but derived
originally from the Gault, like most of the other fossils in the
Cambridge nodule-bed. It has never been recognised elsewhere in
England, but was found in France by Prof. Hebert in beds of
Gault age (Depmt du Gard), and described by him in 1875 under
the name of Am. gardonicus (Ann. Sciences Geol., Tom. vi., p. 113,
PI. IV., figs. 1, 2).

I have compared the Dorset specimens with Cambridge
specimens, and with casts of Am. gardonicus given me by the late
Prof. Hebert, and find them correspond in every particular. When
young, the ribs curve slightly forward in passing over the back,
and bear three small swellings or tubercles, one in the middle and
one on each side of the back ; these swellings, however, disappear
with age, and on the later whorls of a full-grown shell the ribs are
nearly straight, passing evenly over the back without any
interruption.

Am. rhamnonotus is a rare fossil at Cambridge, but is not
uncommon in the Dorset bed.

FOSSILS FROM THE UPPER GREENSAND. 105

Ammonites dispar of d'Orbigny is a closely allied species, but
differs in several respects from Am. rhamnonotus. In dispar the
ribs are straight and pass evenly over the back of the young shell,
while the last part of the whorl is almost smooth, only a few ribs
starting at wide intervals from the umbilicus, and failing to reach
the back. Whether the forms referred to dispar by Pictet and
Campiche are really that species or belong to rhamnonotus can only
be determined by a comparison of English, French, and Swiss
types.

Ammonites varians, Sow. This is a common fossil in the
Chloritic and Chalk Marls, but is very rarely found in the Upper
Greensand and only in the highest beds. In the Dorchester
collection there is only one specimen of this species from the
sandstone, but Mr. Rhodes collected several for the Geological
Survey, together with some specimens which Mr. Sharman believes
to be Am. Salteri (Sharpe), a species which has similar ribs, but no
keel on the back.

Solarium Binghami, Baily. The Museum contains a well-
preserved cast in calcite of a pretty little Solarium, and I found it
labelled " S. Binghami, Baily," probably as Mr. Moule tells me by
Mr. Baily himself, who named some of the fossils many years ago.
I have not been able to find out whether it was only a manuscript
name or whether the shell was described by Baily. The species is
mentioned by H. G. Seeley in the Geologist, Vol. VII., p. 89
(1864), but though the name is credited to Baily, no reference is
given to any previous description, nor is any locality given for the
fossil. There is, however, a very rough sketch of the shell in the
plate accompanying Mr. Seeley's paper, and this sketch might have
been taken from the specimen in the Dorchester Museum, though,
if so, it should not have been included among Chalk Mollusca.

Area glabra, Park., with which I associate A. fibrosa> as a mere
variety, has been figured in many monographs, and is a common

106 FOSSILS FROM THE UPPER GREENSAtfD.

shell in the lower part of the Upper Greensand. In the top rock
of North Dorset it occurs with the shell preserved in phosphate ;
and with it is another variety or species, which is sharply keeled on
the anal side, having also a second smaller keel or ridge between
the larger keel and the hinge line. This comes nearer to Area
cequilateralis (Briart and Cornet) from the Meule de Bracquegnies
than to any other figured form.

Cardita cottaldina (?), d'Orb., Pal. Franc. Terr. Cret., Vol. III.,
PI. 269, fig. 6-8. An inflated species of Cardita is common among
the Dorset phosphates, and I have provisionally referred it to
G. cottaldina, though it has also some resemblance to the C. rotundata
of Pictet and Roux (Gres Verts., PI. 33, fig. 6).

The shell itself is not unfrequently preserved in phosphate, but
the outer surface is seldom in good condition. It is thick, inflated,
and squarish, and the umbones are near the anterior border ; in all
these respects it differs from C. tenuicosta, which is an oval shell,
thinner and shallower, and with more delicate costse than C. cot-
taldina.

Cardium alutaceum, Miinst, in Goldfuss Petref. Germ. Tab. 144,
fig. 5. There are three specimens of a peculiar Cardium in the
collection at Dorchester, and in one of them the shell is partly
preserved, showing a series of close set radiating ribs, each one
bearing a number of small even-sized tubercles.

So far as one can judge by comparing the specimen with the
figure of C. alutaceum, it seems to agree with that species. It may
also be mentioned that Mr. Meyer possesses specimens of a Cardium
from the Cenomanian of the Devon coast (zone of Am. Mantelli)
which he refers to the same species. It has not been recorded
from any other locality in England.

Rhynchonella Mantelliana, Sow. This is essentially a Chalk
marl species, but it does occur occasionally in the Greensand of
Chute and Bye Hill, near Warminster. Those in the correspond-

FOSSILS FROM TfiE UPfEU GfcEEKSAND. 107

ing Dorset Greensand are, however, a well-marked race or variety,
most of them being as long as they are wide, and some even
longer, the umbones being produced till the apical angle is only 45
or even less, and the shell has in consequence a triangular shape.
Should the same form be found at other localities, and at the same
horizon, it may perhaps deserve a special name, but for the present
it may be regarded as a local race of Rh. Mantelliana.

Terebratella Beaumonti, d'Arch., Mem. Soc. Geol. de France,
Ser. 2, Tom. II., p. 331, PI. XXL, figs., 12-14.

There are in the Dorset collection several specimens of a small
Brachiopod, having the aspect of a Terebratella, and resembling
that figured by d'Archiac as Ter. Beaumonti. They only differ in
having a few more ribs than his types, and thus approach Ter.
Fittoni, which, however, has a still larger number. T. Beaumonti
is described as having from 12 to 14 ribs, which are straight,
rounded, and separate, while in T. Fittoni most of the ribs are
dichotomous, so that round the edge of the valves from 24 to 40
may be counted. The number on the Dorset specimens is from 15
to 18, and they are not dichotomous. In the short truncate beak,
inflated lower valve, and small size of shell, they also agree with
T. Beaumonti.

Cardiaster fossarius, Benett. This Echinoderm is not an
uncommon fossil in the higher part of the upper Greensand, and I
have found it in the calcareous sandstone of Maiden Newton ; but
in that of North Dorset, between Evershot and Stoke it appears to
be a rare fossil, for only one specimen has been found. This was
obtained by the Rev. H. D. Gundry, of Cerne Abbas, at Bookham
in 1893, and was by him presented to the Museum.

ParJceria sp. Among the fossils which pecall those of the
Cambridge Greensand are some fine specimens of the curious
organisms known as Parkeria, When first described they were
supposed to be gigantic forms of Forammifera, but recently ZitteJ

108 FOSSILS FROM THE UPPER GREENSAND.

has expressed the opinion that they belong to the Hydrozoa and
are allied to the spherical Porosphcera of the chalk.

Those occurring in the Dorset phosphate bed are phosphatic, but
are not rolled, being well preserved and evidently belonging to the
contemporaneous fauna of the rock. They vary in size from a
diameter of '6 to 1-5 of an inch, and they have a peculiar rough
surface covered with small tubercular elevations.

The Parkerise are rare fossils ; besides those at Cambridge a few
specimens have been found in the Gault of Folkestone, and there is
one in the Jermyn Street Museum from the Greensand of the
Haldon Hills, Devon.

t. JBargaref* lospital, SKimboriie Jftinster.

By WALTER J. FLETCHER.

Mead September 10th, 1895.

,HIS Hospital, or Almshouse, is situated about a quarter
of a mile from the town of Wimborne in a north-
westerly direction, and has attached to it a chapel
dedicated to St. Margaret and St. Anthony. The
date of its foundation is unknown, but according to
the ancient deeds its establishment must have been
of great antiquity, for from one of these deeds,
attributed to the time of King John, it is evident
that this Hospital was then in existence and was set apart for the
relief of persons afflicted with leprosy.

Hospitals for this purpose were, unfortunately, quite common
during the 10th and llth centuries, but as the disease was
gradually stamped out, these were generally appropriated to other
uses, as this one has been.

Tradition says that the Hospital of St. Margaret was founded by
John of Gaunt, which is accounted for probably by the fact that
an ancient account book at one time in the possession of the
Charity, bearing date 10th January in the Hth year of Queen

Elizabeth's reign (1572), stated that it was erected by

sometime Duke of Acquitaine and Lancaster ; but as the

110 ST. MARGARET'S HOSPITAL.

old deeds show clearly that the Hospital was in existence long
before John of Gaunt's time, this is evidently an error, as John of
Gaunt was not created Duke of Lancaster until 1362.

It is worthy of note that the Christian name of the special Duke
who is said to have erected it is left blank in the old account book
showing that those connected with the Charity (1572) were
ignorant of it.

Hutchins accounts for the origin of this tradition from the fact
that the Hospital is situated within the Manor of Kingston Lacey,
which formerly was a part of the Duchy of Lancaster ; and it is
very probable that the Hospital may have been repaired or enlarged
either by John of Gaunt or some other member of the family of
Lancaster.

The deeds and papers relating to the hospital do not specify
what number of inmates were formerly maintained therein, but by
an ancient deed dated in the year of Henry VIII. (1519) it is
evident that the endowment (if any) was insufficient for the
support of the inmates at that time, who were then chiefly main-
tained by the alms of others. The above-named deed recites that
Pope Innocent IV. in the year 1245, "by an induljans or bulle did
assoyle them of all syns forgotten and offences done against fader
and moder, and of all swerynges neglygently made." This indul-
jans grantyd of Petyn and Powle and of the said Pope was to hold
good for 51 years and 260 days, provided they repeated a certain
number of Paternosters and Ave Marias daily.

The date of this indulgence proves the great antiquity of this
Hospital, as it must have been founded before Henry III.'s reign.

A Chantry was founded in the Chapel attached to the Hospital
at a very early age by John Redcoddes, from whom the field near
now cultivated as allotments is still named " Redcotts."

An old record dated in the 16th year of Henry VI. (1438) says
several tenements in Wimborne belonged to this Chantry. At
the dissolution of Monasteries the Chantry was held by Simon
Beneson, who was the sacrist of the Collegiate Church, and a
pension of 5 was allowed him.

ST. MARGARET'S HOSPITAL. in

From the book of accounts which has been before alluded to,
and which begins about the year 1567, it appears that for a long
series of years up to 1683 the government of this Hospital was
under the direction and management of two of the most substantial
inhabitants in the parish, who were annually appointed, and called
" Guardians " or " Wardens " of St. Margaret's Hospital, together
with those who had before held the office, the Constable of the
Town, and the Steward of the Manor of Kingston Lacey. Many of
the accounts are signed by the Steward for the time being, but
since 1683 this method of electing the Guardians or Wardens has
been given up, and the management of the Charity has been
entirely undertaken by the Steward of the Manor of Kingston
Lacey, the Lord of the Manor having the nomination and appoint-
ment of the inmates.

The following extracts are taken from the report of the
Commissioners appointed in the early part of the century to
enquire into the Charities, etc., of the county :

" The origin of this Hospital has been attributed to a Duke of
Acquitane and Lancaster, but, as it would appear, without sufficient
grounds. All that is known with certainty is that it was in
existence during, if not before, the 14th century."

"No early deeds belonging to it are extant, and the principal
information has been derived from an ancient book of minutes and
accounts, commencing in the year 1661, produced by the Steward
of the Manor of Kingston Lacey, and from some memoranda
dated in 1746 in the handwriting of John Eankes, Esqre., one of
the former proprietors of the Manor (with whom the entire control
of the Hospital has long rested)." "Purporting to be extracted
from the book above alluded to and from an earlier book
commencing in the 9th year of Queen Elizabeth (1567) we found
a copy of an entry on the Court Rolls of the Manor of Kingston
Lacey dated 10th March, 22nd Richard II. (1398) (inserted in the
book to show the connection between the Manor Court and the
Hospital), which records that one William Sharpe, having been
by the Steward of the Manor admitted to the Hospital and after

112 ST. MARGARET'S HOSPITAL.

residing therein above seven years, and maliciously expelled there-
from by one John Tripet, appeared at the Manor Court and
petitioned to be reinstated, and that the facts being found to be
true he was reinstated accordingly."

The report goes on to state that the Hospital was managed by
two Wardens, of whom one was appointed for the town and one
for the country, and in Mr. Bankes's memoranda it is stated that
orders were entered in the earlier minutes enjoining decent
behaviour on the inmates of the Hospital on pain of expulsion,
also that to marry after admittance to the Hospital was prohibited.

No timber trees growing on the estate were to be cut except for
necessary repairs.

Between the years 1617 and 1648 the lettings of the Charity
Estate appear to have been with the consent of the poor people,
and occasionally by a person styled " Visitor," but the admissions
to the Hospital seem to have been generally made by the Steward
of the Manor of Kingston Lacey alone.

The Commissioners found that in 1683 Robert Russell, Steward
of the Manor of Kingston Lacey, was appointed Governor jointly
with another person, that in 1689 he is styled sole Governor, and
so held the office till 1719, when his son, Nicholas Russell,
succeeded him in both capacities, and he acted alone until 1763 ;
that William Dean also hold both offices from 17% to 1803, when
Mr. William Castleman was appointed, who continued to hold the
offices at the time of the sitting of the Commission.

The name of the Lord of the Manor of Kingston Lacey does not
appear in the minutes as Governor until 1775, when the late Mr.
Henry Bankes caused his name to be inserted as joint Governor
with his Steward, Mr. Dean.

At the time of the Commissioners' report being drawn up, the
property belonging to the Charity comprised 24A. IR. 13p. of the
annual value, 104 3s. Od., besides a sum of money in the
funds.

At that time the Hospital consisted of seven thatched tenements
in good repair, each comprising two rooms occupied by five men

ST. MARGARET'S HOSPITAL. 113

and two women, who were selected by the Lord of the Manor of
Kingston Laeey.

A great addition was made to the endowment of this Charity by
the Rev. William Stone, Principal of New Inn Hall, Oxford, and
one of the ministers and officials of the Minster, who in the year
1685 left certain lands and tenements in the Parish of Wimborne,
the income from which was to be employed for the use and
benefit of the almsmen only, who should live in St. Margaret's
Hospital.

At the present time there are nine separate tenements connected
with the Charity ; three of these are occupied by single men, four
by single women, and two by old married couples. The occupier
of each receives the sum of 1 12s. Od. a month.

The Chapel of St. Margaret will be found to possess many
points of interest. The dimensions at the present time are length
38 feet, width 13 feet. The walls are built principally with native
brown heath stone, so much of which was used in the oldest parts
of the Minster, and are of considerable thickness and of excellent
construction. There are signs of a plinth on the south side, and
the wall on this side is pierced with two windows, one of them a
very early lancet, probably of the 13th century, and within the
altar rails is a two-light window of early Geometric design.

The two-light window opposite to it on the north side appears to
be of a later period.

There is a door on the north side about midway, intended
probably for the use of visitors or inhabitants of the town, and at
the west end of the Chapel there was a passage through from
north to south ; the door, however, on the south side is now
walled up.

Both the upper and the lower rooms of the tenement of the west
end of the Chapel show signs of having been at one time connected
directly with it by openings ; this may have been the abode of the
Chantry Priest. The upper room was at one time approached
from the outside ; the opening, now walled up, can be seen on the
west side of the north passage door.

114 ST. MARGARET'S HOSPITAL.

The whole of the walls of the chapel were originally decorated
with paintings, tracings of some of which are evidently of a very
early date, while those on the east end are of a later period.

The wall at the east end of the Chapel has been rebuilt at no
very remote date, and a segment-headed window with wooden
mullions, etc., is inserted, the only portion of the old work remain-
ing being a small fragment of glass with an entwined cable round
the edge, and a rose in the centre of straw-tinted glass.

On the outside of the passage door on the north side is a
benatura, or stoup, walled in contrary to ordinary custom on the
left hand side of the door and at an unusual height.

The roof has circular ribs, and appears to be for the most pait
original. The tie beams having being added, the wall plate still
bears traces of decoration.

The Chapel has recently undergone extensive and judicious
repairs under the directions of the late Rev. R. W. Fairbank, who
was for some years a curate in the parish, and took a great interest
in St. Margaret's Chapel.

n the Jfootprints of a
linosftitr (Igtranoiou ?), from the ftovbeck
f tbs of

By J. C. MANSEL-PLEYDELL, Esq., F.G.S,, F.L.S,

Ecad December 13th, 1895.

HEN examining a series of Purbeck fossils which the
County Museum had recently acquired through
the generosity of the Trustees of the Corfe Museum,
I observed the casts of footprints of a large three-
toed animal impressed on two slabs of Purbeck stone,
each measuring 12 inches in length, one covered with
coarse, tortuous, fucoidal-like markings. Similar
impressions are not unfrequently seen in the Wealden beds, and
were thought by former observers to have been made by birds as
they traversed the muddy shores of that period. The abundant
remains of Iguanodon and other dinosaurs subsequently led to the
now generally accepted opinion that they are the footprints of these
gigantic reptiles. Ichnilithology, a name used by Dr. Buckland for
the study of fossil foot-marks, is a very interesting branch of palaeon-
tology and one which has attracted the attention of British, German,
and American geologists. In Vol. XL of Transactions of the Royal
Society of Edinburgh, 1828, Dr. Duncan refers to foot-tracks in

116 FOOTPRINTS OF A DINOSAUR.

the trias of Dumfriesshire in several successive strata ; some in the
trias at Heldberghausen, Saxony, have been recorded in 1834.
The prints of the fore-feet of some \vcre 8| inches long and five
broad, those of the hind-feet were four inches long and three broad.
Sir Richard Owen was then investigating the gigantic Batrachians
of the trias, and thought they were made probably by Labyrin-
thodonts (gigantic palaeozoic Batrachians). In 1851 Mr. G. P.
Scrope found abundant foot-tracks of small animals in the forest
marble near Bath. Between the years 1850 and 1854 Mr. Beckles
found a series of impressions of gigantic tridactyle foot-tracks
throughout an extensive series of Wealden rocks, exposed on the
cliffs between Hastings and Pevensey. Numerous as they were,
each block did not show more than two or three impressions, all of
which were tridactyle. That of the inner toe was the shortest and
the middle the longest. None showed any phalangial division owing
probably to a thick padding of the sole. It is to be regretted that a
sufficient series could not have been traced to ascertain the length
of the strides and the probable mode of progression. Professor
Hitchcock gives valuable information upon the foot-tracks found
in the Connecticut Valley, U.S., the great majority of which are
tridactyle, and, like the European tracks, are generally ascribed
to those of Dinosaurs. These prints vary in size from a quarter
of an inch to 20 inches in length, some showing a stride of
four feet. Many thousands of these tracks have been exposed.
Professor Hitchcock recognises as many as 50 species, some of
which must have been of gigantic size. Their mode of progression
was not by bounds or jumps as with kangaroos, but by alternate
steps, the right and left feet moving in two parallel rows, not in a
line as birds. The tracks show a large expanse of foot, a necessary
provision for an animal of such enormous size and weight to
prevent it from sinking into the morasses and bogs through which
it roamed.

How these foot-tracks have been preserved is a subject for
enquiry. It is evident they were made when the ground was soft
and impressible and under conditions rendering it capable to retain

FOOTPRINTS OF A DINOSAUR. 117

the impressions, which could not have been the case if the ground
was sandy and not coherent ; otherwise they would be speedily
obliterated by the calcareous atoms diffused in the superincumbent
water ; and if made on subaerial soil they could not have escaped
defacement.

There are two beds of Wealden Sandstone in Swanage Bay,
separated from each other by about 20 feet of clay, in which
several tridactyle footprints have been found.

These two blocks which bear the foot-tracks come from the
Corlula beds, higher up in the series than the Feather bed, in
which the jaw of the iguanodon was found, described and figured
by Sir Kichard Owen in the Palaxmtological Society's publi-
cations. The casts of the impressions are well shown on the
blocks. The middle toe measures seven inches in length and
five inches in breadth, diminishing upwards to a broad obtuse
point. The exterior toe is six inches in length and four inches in
breadth j the interior toe is five inches in length and three and
a-half inches in breadth. Both, like the exterior toe, diminish
upwards to a broad obtuse point. The junction of the exterior
with the middle toe is lower down in the foot than that of the
interior toe.

Although the Purbeck Beds have yielded many reptilian remains,
notably the Swanage Crocodile, Gonioplwlis (three species), NutJietes,
Saurillus, and the dwarf crocodiles, Nannosuchus, Tlieriosuclius, the
evidence of Dinosaurs is confined to the lower jaw of an Iguanodon
from the Feather bed of the Middle Purbecks, and a few records of
foot-prints.

In 1822 Dr. Mantell was the first to find some isolated teeth
in the Wealden of the Tilgate Forest, .which he named iguamdon
from the resemblance to the iguana now living. In 1834 a large
slab of sandstone, now in the British Museum, was found in a quarry
near Maidstone, on which were several dorsal and caudal vertebra,
portions of the fore and hind-limbs, the clavicle, and the impres-
sion of a tooth. In the year 1857 Mr. Beckles exhibited at one
of the meetings of the Geological Society the foot of an iguanodon

IIS FOOTPRINTS OF A DINOSAUR.

from the Wealdon with the three toes characteristic of the family.
This modification of the hind foot is analogous to the tridactyle
hind foot of the rhinoceros and the tapir, and in this respect they
are its representative among the huge warm-blooded mammalia of
the Tertiary age. Although the Wealden beds of Britain and
Germany had yielded a considerable number of Dinosaurian re-
mains, the complete osteology of the iguanodon was not established
until 1878, when the coal miners of Bernissart, a Belgian village
between Mons and Tournay, came upon a deposit containing fossil
bones of gigantic reptiles associated with turtle, crocodile, fish,
and plant remains. They lay in a depression of the coal-measures,
which must have been a lake during the Wealden period. This
depression was a mile and a-quarter long, 600 feet broad, and about
960 feet deep covered over by cretaceous, tertiary, and quaternary
deposits. This Wealden deposit was composed of stratified dark
clays intercalated with small fragments of coal and layers of sand,
encircled by a wall of detached blocks of carboniferous rocks. The
fossil remains are identical with those found in the English and
German Wealden beds. It is probable that this remarkable lake
was in one of the lateral valleys of the main Hainault valley during
the early Cretaceous age, and the river which drained it was one of
its tributaries. The dinosaurs and other large animals which
frequented its banks would be engulfed in times of floods and
some drowned. They have remained undisturbed until their
discovery in 1878 by the miners of a Belgian coalpit, when no
less than 23 entire skeletons were found, 21 of which belong to
a new species, Ir/uanodon Bernissartensis, Boulanger, and two to
I. Mantelli, Owen, a smaller and lighter animal which could with
greater facility flounder through the swamps and escape the doom
of its more ponderous congener. The skeletons were lying on
different levels, alternating unfossiliferous beds. In every case,
with the exception of a splendid accumulation of bones of the
iguanodon found by Dr. Mantell in the Wealden of Tilgate Forest,
referred to above, the remains of Wealden dinosaurs have been
found as isolated bones, this may be accounted for under the

FOOTPRINTS OF A DINOSAUR. 119

supposition that as their huge bodies were borne down on the
stream they became disarticulated and dropped by detached piece-
meals to the river-bed.

The skull of /. Bemissartensis is shorter in proportion to that
of /. Mantelli, but not as broad. There are some other differences,
but not sufficient in Mr. Dollo's opinion, the director of the Koyal
Museum of Brussels, to make of it a distinct genus.

Iguanodon Leedsi, Lyd., from the Oxford Clay, and 7. Prestwichi,
Hulke, appear to have some generic differences, from the Wealden
Iguanodons, especially in the pendant shape of the middle trochanter
and the furrowed shaft of the femur. Both are much smaller than
the type, and are now relegated to a new genus, Camptosaurus,
Marsh, occurring also in the beds of the United States. It is
remarkable that the Sauropterygia culminated in the earlier part of
the Mesozoic age, especially the Liassic period. In the Oxford Clay
they show a decline in size when Cimoliosaurus took the place of
Plesiosaurus, which passed through the Portland and Kimmeridge
Clay to the Cretaceous beds. On the other hand the Dinosaurs
culminated during the Wealden age and succeeded their smaller
representatives of the Kimmeridge and Oxford Clays in new and
gigantic forms of the carnivorous Theropoda and herbivorous
Sauropoda and Ornitliopoda.

The seven species of Iguanodon in the Ornithopoda section are
/. Hoggii, I. Bemissartensis, I. Mantelli, I. Phillipsii, I. Dawsoni,
I. Fittoni, and /. Hollingtoniensis. Of these only one, as already
mentioned, has been found in thia formation. Six are from the
Wealden and its counterpart, the Wadhurst Clay ; /. Bemissartensis ',
I. Mantdli, I. Pliillipsii, L Daicsoni, I. Fittoni, I. Hollingtoniensis a
sub-order of Stegosauria. We have Scelidosaurus Harrisoni, Owen,
Lias; OmoRctums (Stegosaurus, Marsh) annatus, Owen, 0. Duro-
brisensis, Hulke, Kimmeridge Clay ; Hylceosaurus Oweni, Mantel],
Polacanthus, Owen, Weald ; Sijngonosaurus, Cambridge Greensand.
The last to mention of the herbivorous Dinosaurs are the Sauropoda,
characterised by their diminutive brain capacity, which is less
relatively than any of the terrestrial vertebrates, and the huge size

120 FOOTPRINTS OF A DINOSAUR.

of their bodies, which is in contrast to their comparatively feeble
cerebral development. The centra of the dorsal, and frequently of the
sacral vertebrae, enclose cavities of considerable dimensions divided
into two lateral chambers, separated by a median longitudinal wall,
which, in Sir Richard Owen's opinion, was supplied with cartilage ;
but, in Professor Marsh's, was filled with air. Under either view
there was a provision to aid the progression of the animal, whose
body was 60 or 70 feet long. In addition to this the medullary
canal of the sacral region was two or three times larger than the
brain cavity. The bones of the limbs, as is the case with all
reptilians, are solid and destitute of a medullary channel, this
provision having probably some relation to the enormous develop-
ment of the tail. The nerves, although slightly differing in
structure from the brain, keep up a mysterious connection between
the head and every part of the body.

The discovered remains of European Sauropods are confined to
isolated vertebrae, bones, and teeth. In this county they have only
been found in the Kimmeridge clay of Weymouth and Kimmeridge.
Dinosaurian remains have been principally found in the Triassic,
Jurassic, and Cretaceous beds of Europe and North America.
Fragmentary remains have been found principally in the Triassic
and Cretaceous beds of the East Indies and in the Trias of South
Africa. They are absent in South America and Australia.

The ponderous bodies of dinosaurs were supported by a massive
pair of hind-limbs, upon which they walked in an upright position,
and probably used their short fore-limbs for bringing the boughs of
the trees on which they fed to their mouth and for swimming,
aided by their powerful tail, which attained additional strength by
a strong muscle attached to the middle trochanter. The vertebral
column was strengthened by five or six anchylosed sacral vertebra.
The Iguanodon had a smooth and scaleless skin.

Some dinosaurs were furnished with dermal plates or scutes,
to which in some cases formidable spines were attached for
protection from the attacks of enemies such as the Megalosaurus.
The dentine system of the herbivorous dinosaurs is very varied ;

FOOTPRINTS OF A DINOSAUR. 121

the tooth of the Iguanodon is a remarkable contrivance for tearing
and cutting tough vegetable food, such as is found with its
remains ; it bears a remarkable resemblance to that of the living
Iguana in its blade-like form and serrated edges. It is spathulate,
the crown compressed, with sharp, serrated cutting edges, which
extended on either side downwards from the top to the broadest
portion. To counteract the wear and tear of the edges the exterior
part of the tooth is furnished with a plate of thin enamel,
similar to the incisors of Rodents, and as the softer material
of the tooth was worn away more readily than the enamel, an
oblique section of the crown was perpetually maintained with a
sharp cutting edge in front. The serratures ceased at the broadest
diameter of the tooth, below which they would have been useless
for cutting purposes. The premaxillse are destitute of teeth.
The mouth was probably furnished with a beak, the lower man-
dible hollowed out like a parrot's. From the conditions of the
Bernissart deposit it may be inferred that the iguanodon was
aquatic, frequenting marshes and banks of rivers, more so
than the living crocodile. Eeing subject to the attacks of enemies
when feeding among the luxuriant vegetation of tree-ferns and
other cryptogams, it could better observe their approach in an
upright position, by which the wider extent of view was obtained,
and not only could more easily defend itself with its powerful short
fore feet, but inflict serious wounds with its strong and sharp
spurs. Its tail would give the body additional balancing support
when erect, in which position it could more easily regain the
water, than when threading its long and ponderous body through
the tangled vegetation on all fours.

It only remains now to consider to which dinosaur we may
assign the foot-tracks on these Purbeck slabs. There are eeven to
choose from

1 Megalosaurus. 5 Iguanodon.

2 Cetiosaurus. 6 Hypsilophodon.

3 Pelorosaurus. 7 Ornithopsis*

4 Polacanthus,

122 FOOTPRINTS OP A DINOSAUR.

2, 3, 7 being Sauropoda would only make a pentadactyle print.
4, Scelidosauria ,, tetradactyle

1 Theropoda ditto.

7 Camptosauria ditto.

5 ,, Iguanodontidse tridactyle.

We arrive at the conclusion, therefore, that these are the foot-
tracks of an iguanodon as it crossed the shallows of the Purbeck
lake or estuary.

The Dinosaurs have several ornithic characters ; Iguanodon
takes its place in the sub-order Omithopoda, which approaches a
bird not only in the bipedal progression but in the structure of
the pelvic-girdle, the ilium being prolonged both before and behind.
The post-pelvis lies parallel with the ischium and appears to
foreshadow the marsupial bones of that region in the marsupials.
Dinosaurs are more closely allied to birds than any reptile now
living.

A splendid cast of Iguanodon Bernissartensis stands in the Fossil
Reptilian Gallery of the British Museum, Cromwell-road, a present
of the Belgian Government. Entire skeletons of the two species
are set up in the Vestibule of the Court of the Royal Museum,
Brussels, which are well worthy of a special visit.

Since this paper was read I have secured a slab showing the
actual footprint of a Purbeck Dinosaur from the Upper Purbecks.
Mr. Hardy, of Swanage, tells me he has seen similar footprints in
the Lower Purbecks as well, if this is the case we have evidence
of Ornithichnites during the whole of the Purbeck series.' Their
occurrence in the Oxford and Kimmeridge Clays shows a vertical
range from the Middle Oolites to the Lower Cretaceous.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

1. The hind part of the skeleton of the Mallard (Anas boscas).

/. femur.

i. ischium.

m. caudal vertebrae.

n. ilium.

p. pubis.

r. radius.

u. ulna,

w. attachment of caudo-femoral muscles.

x. caudo-femoral muscles

y. ischio-femoral muscles.

z. attachment of ischio-femoral muscles.
2. Left femur of Swan.
3. ., ,, Camptosaurus.
4. ,, ,, Iguanodon.

lafb Femur of

l&fl Femmr of

left Femur of
Icfucm-cdcn/ .

J.C.Mansel-Pley-dell del.

iL Bros. ]itlv .

DO Instance of

of Vegetable

By H. J. MOULE, M.A.

Eead February lltk, 1S96.

T7VERYOKE knows that a strong hold on life is often
exerted in the vegetable kingdom. All here
present have doubtless seen winter-felled elm butts
coming cheerfully into leaf in spring time. All,
again, have seen trees and shrubs growing on old
walls, or bare rock. But a case of each of these
two kinds of display of vitality, noticed in 1895,
seem to be somewhat beyond what is common. It is hoped,
therefore, that they may be judged worthy to be brought to the
notice of the Field Club.

First, a few words only about a felled tree. Last winter Mr.
Harris, a nurseryman here, stubbed some young trees in land then
in his occupation, now being made into a public pleasure ground.
These trees were cut up and in part stacked for firewood. In the
stack, at more -than 5ft. from the ground, and fully exposed to the
air, and at least up to midday to the sun, was a stem or limb of an
Ontario Poplar. It was from three to four inches thick. Now,
this stem threw out good healthy leaves, All must remember how

124 TWO INSTANCES OP TENACITY OP VEGETABLE LIFE.

extraordinarily dry and sunny the first half of last summer was.
Yet, in spite of drought and sun, the leaves never flagged for
months. Nearly or quite to midsummer they held out bravely.
About that time, however, the vitality of the stem seemed to be
used up.

We now take up a case of shrubs rooted in a wall. Here
again it is only an extreme case of an every day phenomenon which
is brought forward. All will think of wall-flowers on masonry,
especially on old ruins, as Dundrennan Abbey, golden with the
wild sort. And there are Pellitory, Wall-rue, and the " denizen "
Antirrhinum, which are not happy anywhere but on a wall. And,
apart from such naturally wall-dwelling plants, there are often seen
shrubs, and even trees, strange to the eye from their dwelling
place. There are brambles on the top of Whitcombe tower, an
elder on Colliton Park wall, and many such instances ; as well as
rock-rooted trees.

Of these there can be few more abundant examples than about
the great sand-stone cliffs of Saxon Switzerland, which are decked
with many firs clinging to most unlikely crevices of the rock. But
in all these cases it seems just possible to divine how the roots find
moisture, little though it be. A good view of the way in which
rock-rooted trees do it was observed in Tynedale last autumn. A
Scotch fir is there growing on a small rock. Part of this had lately
fallen away, and so the course of the roots was shown. The way
in which they zigzagged through the horizontal stratification-fissures
and the vertical cleavage-fissures was very curious. But the shrubs
now to be spoken of seem to show an energy of life beyond any of
these trees. Close by us here, in South Street, is Greyhound Yard,
approached by the good Tudor arch replaced there at the suggestion
of Mr. T. Hardy. In 1890 the houses in the yard were repaired.
A white jessamine grew against the junction of two of these houses.
Of course, the jessamine was destroyed at least it seemed so.
But either the next year, or the year after, jessamine shoots
appeared. One grew out of a small crevice at the joining of the
houses ) the other out of a joint between two stones close by.

TWO INSTANCES OP TENACITY OF VEGETABLE LIFE. 125

Both are six feet above the ground. One of these plants is now
seven feet long ; the other much smaller. The larger one flowered
freely last summer. *

Xow this seems a noteworthy fact relating to a shrub whose
usual habitat is the ground. For the root-hold of these jessamines
is different, in respect to access to moisture, from that of "trees and
shrubs spoken of above. A rock, a ruin, a park wall, the top of a
church tower all these give some likelihood of soakage of rain
from above. But this cannot take place in a house-wall. And as
to moisture from below and from the outer face of the wall, it is
difficult to understand how it can be enough to keep the roots
alive. For one would think that, if the middle of the wall is
moist enough for that, the damp must needs show itself on the
inner face of the wall in the houses within. But nothing of the
sort can be seen in either of the two adjoining kitchens. Of
course it must be the case that these jessamine roots, like those of
Pellitory and other natural wall-dwellers, imbibe some moisture.
Without that surely dew and rain on the leaves would not of
themselves maintain the life of these persevering jessamines. But
it is hard to understand ; so much so that the phenomenon has
now been notified to the Field Club as, perhaps, not unworthy of
record.

These two instances, each in its kind, of a clinging hold of
vegetable life, have seemed, as is aforesaid, to deserve a few words,
physiologically speaking. But is there not another side to the
matter ? Is there not poetry, sentiment sentiment in the best
sense here as almost everywhere ? Selkirk on his isle in the
latter days, the cave-dwelling Kenite with his " Nest in the Rock "
of old how the thought of them in their struggles for life sets
our hearts throbbing 1 And so with striving for the other branch
of earthly life, if we may, without ridicule, thus set small and great,
low and high, side by side. That poplar stem cast away on the
desert isle of a wood-stack, that jessamine fighting with death in

* These jessamines have bravely survived the extraordinary drought
of the summer of 1896, one of them flowering in fair plenty.

126 TWO INSTANCES OF TENACITY OF VEGETABLE LIFE.

its "Nest in a Rock," its crevice of a dry house wall, set our
imaginations going. Not much sentiment, doubtless, is there in an
Ontario Poplar thriving in a nursery ground or a close-trained
jessamine with its roots in a well-dug garden border. But these
seem dignified somehow when we see them there battling with the
deadly " adventures " of drought and barren root-hold. So, if the
parallel is not too great, too far-fetched, so, in Sir Thomas Malory,
a knight on a " quest " is dignified over a knight in a pageant. It
is difficult to put such-like thoughts into words without their
seeming foolish words. But even such instances of plant struggles
as have now been spoken of may make it plain how trees have
come to give the centre to many a legend, true or fabled. It is no
wonder that there is the myth of the Bo Tree, the romance of the
Tree of the Cross.

On a $omano-f riti*h f rkk-kiln aab a
gJritish f arroto at fagber, JRilton
toith an historical psstrtation on
anb f rick-making.

By J. C. MANSEL-PLEYDELL, Esq., F.G.S., F.L.S.

Bead February llth, 1896.

the year 1841 the late Mr. Charles Warne discovered
the site of a British-Roman kiln on Bagber Farm, in
the parish of Milton Abbas. It contained an
innumerable mass of broken pottery of various
qualities, the largest proportion being smooth and
close-grained, dark in colour, approaching black.
Mr. Warne's description so closely corresponding
with the pottery found in the Romano-British villages
of Woodcutts and Rotherly, &c., General Pitt-Rivers
thought it might have been derived from this kiln, and was desirous
to rediscover the site, which was difficult, as 50 years had elapsed
since Mr. Warne's examination, and all traces of it were obliterated ;
however, as these clay-deposits over the chalk are limited to the
summits and upper slopes of the hills and the area is consequently
very much restricted, I soon ran it to ground.

These clay beds are derived from the Lower Tertiaries after
removal by denudation, they usually repose upon a bed of clay
with flints, resulting from the dissolution of the chalk by atmos-

128 ROMANO-BRITISH BRICK-KILN, ETC.

pheric agencies, and the removal of the atoms in solution with the
carbonated water through the cracks and fissures of the underlying
rock. The unworn condition of the flints shows that they have
not been transported from any distance ; in fact, that they are in
situ, deprived of the chalk with which they were originally
associated. There is a remarkable bed of flint without chalk
capping the hill on the east side of Bulbarrow, and another of brick-
earth a mile south of Delcombe on the boundary of Hougliton
Parish ; it maintained a brick-kiln for some years until the clay fit
for brick-making was exhausted.

Mr. Warne describes the Bagber Kiln "as a rectangular building
44ft. by 25ft. in which was a large amount of fragmentary ware,
and with only a few other objects of any interest or value." I
uncovered three chambers excavated out of the solid chalk and
without any sign of masonry ; the first was circular, 6ft. in
diameter, cased with a coating of clay nine inches thick, and had
been subject to intense heat. With the exception of the upper
part of a quern and the two halves of a septaria from the Oxford
Clay, for use unknown, it was empty. In the centre of the second
chamber, which was also circular, and communicated with
the first, was an undetached solid block of chalk three feet long,
two feet broad, and three feet high, supporting a flat stone of
Greensand. The third chamber, which was the largest, stood at a
lower level by eight inches than the two others. The walls were
rough, showing the marks of the workmen's tools. Among the relics
was the section of a circular piece of Kimmeridge shale, similar
to one found by Mr. Warne in 1841, but less perfect, and was
in all probability a portion of a revolving wheel, to which the
potter's table was attached. There were several triangular, thin,
and finely-grained concretionary stones from the Bagshot series,
probably made use of to knead the clay, from the Reading and
Woolwich Beds some little distance off. Only one disc of Kim-
meridge coal-money was found, which was of the usual type found
in this part of the county namely, three shallow holes on the
upper surface and one on the other. The only coin was one of

ROMANO-BRITISH BRICK-KILN, ETC. 129

Vespasian. Among the few pieces of Samian ware was one through
which a hole was drilled near the edge and a rivet of lead attached,
to connect the two pieces, one of which was detached and lost.

Several Romano-British potteries and kilns have been found in
England, the most important of which are on the river Ness, in
Northamptonshire, and Huntingdonshire, computad to have covered
an area of more than 20 miles. The pottery of these kilns has a
striking resemblance to the New Forest ware. At Upchurch, in
Kent, enormous quantities of pottery are distributed over the county.
The archaeologist is able to assign peculiar classes of pottery found
at considerable distances from each other to the manufactory
of Upchurch. In a similar way the Bagber Kiln probably supplied
this part of Dorset with pottery. Extensive Romano-British
potteries have been found in various parts of the New Eorest ; for
instance, Crock Hill (a suggestive name), visited by the club in
1892; their number need not cause surprise when the large
amount of earthenware made use of by the Romans in daily life
is taken into consideration. Hutchins mentions a pottery at Hinton
Martel " for all kinds of earthenware." At Castor, Mr. Artis found
that the bricks were made of clay mixed with about one-third of
rye in the chaff, which, after having been consumed by fire, give
the appearance of being honeycombed.

C. H. Read, Esq., F.A.S., found a table of black clay in a Roman
kiln at Shoebury, in Essex, resting upon a disc three feet six inches
in diameter, upon which, he supposes, the pottery was placed, and
piled up to the domed roof previous to removal to the kiln ; there
was an outside fireplace communicating with an aperture in the
wall of the kiln for the admission of heated air.

LIST OF OBJECTS FOUND IN THE KIL&
Jug with handle, smooth black-brown ware. Diameter at mouth

27 inches, height 6 '3 inches ; greatest circumference 20 inches,

thickness 0'2 inch.

The upper portion of a jug, showing the attachment of the handle,

which the tang at the lower part (lost) would keep in place.

130 ROMANO-BRITISH BRICK-KILN, ETC.

Diameter at mouth 2 inches, neck constricted ; of coarser material
than No. 1. Similar in shape and quality to the above, diameter
at mouth 1*5 inches.

Fragment of a jug with handle with two grooves attached.

Fragment of pottery of the common brown ware, showing an
eyelet, the perforation 1*08 inches by 1'OS inches.

Fragment of pottery, brown ware, coarser than the above, with
an eyelet.

Fragment of smooth brown ware with an eyelet, perforation only
1-02 by 1-05.

Lower portion of a handle with one groove, with a tang attached,
coarse reddish brown ware.

Fragment of the base of a cullender of coarse brown ware per-
forated with three holes.

Fragment of a handle, ornamented with three grooves, coarse red
ware.

Rim of a pot of smooth black-brown-ware.

Rim of a large vessel of coarse red- ware.

Fragment of black-brown pottery ornamented with cross lines.

Part of the bottom of a cullender of coarse red pottery and two
pieces of similar quality.

The rim of a vessel of fine whitish-clay ornamented with a double
horizontal rib, with a ledge on the inside to receive a lid.

Fragment of a roof-tile, bright red, similar in appearance to
the pottery now made at Kingstag.

Thin pieces of fine-grained limestone, with sharp and worn
edges. Mr. Warne says they are analogous to the thin pieces of
wood now used in the manufactory of coarse-ware for bringing it
into the required form.

Balls of baked clay, probably used for propping up the vessels in
the kiln.

Only a few fragments of Red Samian-ware were found in the
kiln ; they are plain and without ornamentation.

Fragment of the bottom of a vessel of Red Samian-ware stamped
with the maker's name (OFNARIS) within a narrow rectangular

ROMANO-BRITISH BRICK-KILN, ETC. 131

label a name which occurs on a piece of Red Samian-ware found
at Colchester.

A fragment of Red Samian-ware with a lead band or rivet to
unite two fractured pieces, one of which is lost ; the rivet which
held it stands out half-an-inch beyond the edge of the piece to
which it is attached.

Fragment of a shallow vessel, Red Samian-ware, 2 -3 inches high ;
when complete would be about 8 inches in diameter, tool-marked.

FLINT.

Two flint-discs, probably used to scrape the pottery after it had
been taken from the kiln.

A flint knife, edge somewhat serrate, the point broken off.

COIN.

Vespasian.

MISCELLANEOUS.
Septaria.

BAGBER BRITISH BARROW.

The Bagber Barrow stands on the boundary hedge which divides
Milborne St. Andrew from Milton Abbas. It is 60ft. long and
8ft. high, but it must have been considerably higher originally
than at the present time ; encroachments, levellings by the plough,
and atmospheric changes have done much to diminish its height
and breadth, giving it the appearance of a long-barrow, which the
interments show not to be the case.

I took no less than 23 urns from the barrow, which were hand-
made, every one contained calcined bones. Two were inverted ;
the mouths of the remaining 21 were either covered by a sarsen
stone or a large flint; among these were two small cups, which, like
the rest, contained calcined bones, probably those of an infant.
All were made of local clay, but so imperfectly burnt they fell to
pieces as soon as the mould which supported them was removed.
The urns of this period were supposed at one time to be sun-baked,

132 ROMANO-BRITISH BRICK-KILN, ETC.

but in those islands, where the rays of the sun can scarcely pene-
trate our murky atmosphere, this would be impossible.

The urns were probably moulded on the spot previous to the
interments and semi-baked by a temporary fire.

The barrow urns are divided into cinerary urns, food vessels,
drinking cups, and so-called incense cups. The cinerary urn
usually contains calcined bones, is usually only slightly orna-
mented, but more so than the smaller vessels, except the drinking-
cups.

The food vessel is supposed to have contained offerings of food,
and is only associated with interments by cremation. The
incense-cup is small and only found with burnt bones, with which
it is usually filled children's probably ! The cinejary urn varies
considerably in size, form, and ornamentation. The barrow and
the Romano-British pottery possess scarcely anything in common ;
the difference is well marked.

To avoid the danger of cracks and flaws the Dorset British
potter mixed his clay with small pieces of chalk or flint. The
earliest decorations appear to have been produced by a reed or rush
twisted round the urn or pot before being placed in the kiln, when
in a soft, plastic state.

Neolithic man appears to have had no imitative capacity, no
instance occurs of any attempt on his part, to delineate a natural
object, leaf, flower, or animal, and in this respect he differed from
his palaeolithic predecessor, whose artistic powers are exhibited
in delineations of the wild animals with which he was associated,
on his weapons and implements of chase, &c. The ornamentations
on the pottery of neolithic man mainly consist of combinations of
straight lines in every variety, perpendicular, parallel, or crossing
each other. Occasionally there are dotted markings of different
shapes made apparently by finger nails. It is a question whether
the urns were especially made for sepulchral use only. The barrows
frequently contain a quantity of fragmentary pottery more or less
similar to that found in British dwellings, probably sherds of
vessels for domestic use. The broken sherd taken from the house

ROMANO-BRITISH BRICK-KILN, ETC. 133

of the deceased might have had a fetish character in the estimation
of superstitious relatives, and great sanctity attached to it. The
flints so frequently found mixed up with the burnt bones had a
value in the mind of the Briton in connection with fire, which was
held in great veneration and awe, and is so now among barbarous
nations.

Sepulchral pottery is often the only conclusive evidence to enable
the anthropologist to distinguish between the intruding conqueror
and the aboriginal occupant, and sometimes is the only evidence of
the limits of ancient empire. The boundaries of Roman dominion
have been traced by the red Samian and other distinguishing fictile
wares. None more conclusively establishes the traces of the Roman
period than their pottery. The depth at which potsherds have been
discovered in the alluvium of the Nile has been the basis of specu-
lation on the antiquity of civilisation.

We owe much of our knowledge of the races of man to the
grave-mounds and their contents. Although the British barrows
do not define the limits of a prehistoric period they distinguish the
Palaeolithic from the Neolithic Age, for, as far as is yet ascertained,
pottery was not associated with prehistoric man until after the
Paleolithic Age. The later Neolithic Age of Great Britain lapped
over the period of the Roman occupation, at least during the earlier
part of it.

It has been questioned which of the two arts, brick-making or
pottery, has the precedence in time. Both are generally admitted
to be the earliest efforts of human ingenuity, as also the potter's
wheel. The Egyptian possessed the art of brick-making in a high
state of perfection at a period contemporary with the Neolithic Age
of the West. Bricks for building purposes were introduced into
England from Northern Germany ; the art of making them had
been lost since the departure of the Romans. A breke Icylne is
mentioned in 1442 in connection with Eton College, which
Henry VI. was then founding.

In the vast tracts of alluvial soil where quarries are not within
reach clay is everywhere found. Babylon was built of brick on

134 ROMANO-BRITISH BRICK-KILN, ETC.

the banks of the Tigris ; its lofty terraces have mouldered away
into heaps of their original dust. On the banks of the Nile by
the side of temples of imperishable granite are pyramids of brick,
the sharp angles of which have been long effaced. No large rivers
flowed in Greece to form an alluvial soil ; in its stead Nature
furnished an inexhaustible supply of stone 'of which the Greeks
took advantage, of which there is abundant evidence in every
direction. The later Roman preferred the volcanic products,
peperine and travertine, which were to be sought farther off than
the clay-deposits of the Tiber ; but in early times stone only was
used in their largest public buildings ; ordinarily they were con-
structed of baked clay, the facings only being of stone or marble.
Flat baked bricks formed the outside walls of many edifices
cemented together in layers. In the Christian era St. Paolo and
other Roman churches were built of brick.

In the alluvial plains of the valley of the Po, although many
of the earlier buildings were constructed entirely of stone from
quarries at a distance, those of later date, except the shafts of the
pillars, which were required to be delicate and detached, were built
of brick and stone intermixed. In many of the ecclesiastical
buildings at Parma, Venice, Verona, Milan, and Mantua is a rich
embroidery of marble on a body of brick. The Farnese Palace,
begun by Bramante and finished by Michael Angelo, has plain
surfaces of brick, so fine in texture and neat in the joints, that by
the superficial observer it is generally taken for stone.

Brick was made use of until a very late period in Modern Rome.

dhurdi anfc (Earthtoork.

By the Rev. Canon Sir TALBOT H. B. BAKER, Bart.

|R. WARNE, a better guide than Hutching here, in
his "Ancient Dorset" (pp. 101-5) calls the
one before you No. 2 of four earthworks,
which he describes with the remark that " the
character of these remains differs so thoroughly
from that of those of which we have hitherto
discoursed that I must assign them a class by
themselves." Assisted by a friend I examined
Nos. 1, 3, and 4 of Warne's list a fortnight ago,
arid was sorry to find that farming operations have almost entirely
obliterated the traces of Nos. 3 and 4, which lay to the north and
north-west of No. 2, so that I cannot honestly say I could make out
the lines of the areas enclosed, though Mr. Warne was able, some
40 or 50 years ago, to give their respective measurements. There
can be no mistake about the position he assigns to them for he
speaks of both these circles as being near to " many ancient yew
trees." These, happily, have not been cut down, and their appear-
ance, in single file, gave a weirdness to the locality which may be
termed harmonious.

I need not speak much about Warne's earthwork No 1. A small
but conspicuous fragment of it remains south of, and close by, yon
farmhouse, but it has been cut through since his time for a useful,
but not archaeological, adjunct to a farmyard a duck puddle !

136 KNOWLTON CHURCH AND EARTHWORK.

By the bye, Mr. Warne calls the lane up which we must have
come " Lombard-street-larie." There are some "banks "on either
side of it certainly. He directs attention to that barrow which he
terms "an immense one," but does not pronounce it of a long or
round type, an important factor in deciding anything about the age
of these circles, particularly of the one which remains nearly intact
before us. If it could be called a round barrow it would belong,
according to the acknowledged antiquarian formula, to the " round
skulls " the later race of the inhabitants of this part of Britain.
General Pitt-Rivers considers it a round barrow, and, of course, I
bow to his opinion but I wish the mounds were free from the
disfigurement of trees which, so usually ornamental, are quite out
of place on these vestiges of antiquity.

I have two more complaints to make about the way in which
these relics of the past are kept. One is the great length of the
grass in the circle before us. It absolutely prevents the obtaining
correct impressions of this old-world treasure. We cannot trust the
eye, but must go to our books to learn " that the vallum (or mound)
has a narrow terrace raised near to its summit on the inner side "
also " that the fosse (or ditch) shows signs of much disturbance."
Every one can, however, make out that the work is in Warne's
" words " carefully planned. Its diameter from north to south is
76 paces, and from east to west 78. The entrances are on the
north-east and south-west sides. Warne thinks the former " to be
of later date not original." The area measures, he says, 1 acre,
3 roods, 20 perches call it two acres for convenience. " The surface
of the ground is broken and uneven. A part of the mound on the
north side has been taken away. They say several spear heads of
iron were discovered in the process." These could not have been
the property of either the long or round skulled races, nor have
been used in defensive warfare. For here comes in my chief
remark, this earthwork never could have been used for defence.
You ask why ? My answer is : Look at the position of the ditch
inside, not outside, of the mound all round. Now reflect a
moment. Would any human beings who had reason enough to

KNOWLTON CHURCH AND EARTHWORK. 137

throw up earthworks at all have placed their ditch within, and not
without, the mound raised from its materials 1 We cannot suppose
that they \i ould take the best conceivable step to help the rush of
the attacking enemy, and to weaken their defending line. To what
purpose then did they dig their ditches in this manner 1 Anti-
quarians, differing as they do on most other points, are pretty well
agreed on this one. In the words of the late lamented Precentor
Venables (see Murray's "Handbook for \Yilts," &c.), describing
Avebury Circle in North Wilts, where a similar arrangement of
surrounding ditch and mound exists, " One thing only seems
undeniable, that it was not a military work. Other monuments of
this kind were religious, sepulchral, or monumental."

If I were to choose between these purposes at Avebury. with its
mighty area of 28 acres and more, and its rampart 4,400ft. round,
and its inner ditch, the height from the bottom to the top of mound
being 70ft., and its circle of stones on the inside of the ditch 100 in
number, and its two circular groups of stone within this again, I
should unhesitatingly say the religious was the purpose that the
rude tribesmen sitting on the vallum might, without intruding on
the religious rites, assist at and survey them. And the same thing I
would say of the circle at Arbor Lowe, in Derbyshire, where, as at
Avebury and here, you see the ditch within the mound. Arbor
Lowe is much smaller than Avebury, but it is large enough to con-
tain a space wherein lie flat on their faces some 18 or 20 large stones
prostrated, by the looks of them all lying in one direction, as they
do, by an earthquake. The circle in front of us is on a small scale,
but it exhibits a similar plan made, I submit, for a similar purpose.

I conclude that this mound and ditch, and if you can make out in
the long grass Warne's terrace on the former it will strengthen the
conclusion, were for the inhabitants of the surrounding country
(and the tumuli all about prove that they were many) to indulge
in those observances of religion which commended themselves to
their rude ideas as acceptable to the god or gods whom they
ignorantly worshipped. The presence of the very curious little
church before us may confirm this view*

138 KNOWLTON CHURCH AND EARTHWORK.

It was by no means uncommon to find the sites of Pagan
superstition converted into places of Christian worship in proof
of which truth Warne instances the cathedrals of Le Mans and
Chaitres in France, and our own St. Paul's, as being " built on
ground dedicated to the worship of some heathen deity."

Knowlton Church, small as it is, is of two periods Early
Norman and Decorated, The first builders laid out a plan for a
nave, chancel, and narrow north aisle in the beginning of the
twelfth century ; the later builders about 230 years subsequently
added the tower, certainly, and probably the porch and the
chantry leading out of the chancel. But to decide the latter
points I would invite the building experts among you to carefully
examine the joints in the walling of both porch and chantry. I
ask, at the points of union with the south wall of nave or north-
east wall of chancel, are these joints straight joints or bonded into
the adjoining walls 1 Dr. lS T oyes and I looked carefully at them
the other day and came to the conclusion that they are straight
joints, and so were additions to the original edifice. But the
difficulty of ascertaining the latter, through the thick, almost
impenetrable, mass of ivy and bramble with which this interesting
building is enveloped, at that part in particular, is considerable.

And here I must earnestly enquire why should coarse elder trees
be allowed to interfere with the view of the proportions of the
nave, and almost to stop the passage between nave and chancel,
and why should a perfect jungle of briars be permitted to gather
round the north-east end, both inside and out 1 A woodman, in
an hour or two, with an axe and billhook, would improve the
appearance of the place enormously, and enable those who are
interested in old buildings to satisfy themselves on some points
which are now veiled from their view.

Whoever built the porch built it disproportionately long, and
the north aisle is so narrow as scarcely, one would think, to have
been worth building at all. However, if you stoop down and see
how its foundations are bonded into those of the north wall, you
will, I think, have no doubt that it is Norman work. The west

KNOWLTON CHURCH AND EARTHWORK. 139

jamb of the arch leading to it is original, and there is a stone that
looks like a bit of the Norman impost, but the archway of modern
brick, cemented over, is of course much larger than it was at first.

The tracery of the south nave and east chancel windows is quite
gone, but the width of the openings seems to point to the
conclusion that the later builders acted here, according to their
fashion elsewhere, i.e., enlarged their predecessors' window space.
There is evidence that, for some reason, they partly blocked up
the bottom of the south window when widening the upper part.
You will see this on the outside. There is a large fiat stone lying
on the ground between the north aisle and chantry that we thought
at first was the old altar stone, but we deemed it afterwards to be
too thick for that purpose. The chancel bears evidence that it was
paved with red tiles.

I should have stated before that the church is built of flint with
stone dressings ; also that it was formerly a chapel of ease to Horton.
In 1550 one Sir Richard Saunders is said to have been curate here,
when there were three bells in the tower. "After 1650 it lay
unfrequented many years, till about 40 years since (says Hutchins
in the 1st Edition), when it was repaired and frequented." "The
roof afterwards fell in. It has not been officiated in for many
years," adds the editor of the 3rd Edition.

A fair was formerly held at Knowlton in July, now removed to
Woodlands.

KNOWLTON CHURCH.
NOTE BY W. J. FLETCHER, ESQ.

This Church, which has been in a ruinous state for many years,
consists of a nave 27ft. long by 14ft. 6in. wide, chancel 12ft. long
by 10ft. wide.

There are the remains of a Chantry Chapel on the north side of
chancel 9ft. Gin. wide and the same length as the Chancel. The
jambs of the opening between the Chancel and the Chapel are
splayed to form a squint. There are two stone brackets walled in on

140 KNOWLTON CHURCH AND EARTHWORK.

each side of the altar at the east end of the Chapel. There was also
a narrow aisle, 5ft. Tin. wide, on the north side of the Nave, and at
the west end there is a tower built in three compartments, 8ft. 4in.
from east to west, and 8ft. from north to south.

The walls form an interesting example of mediaeval masonry and
are built almost entirely of flints with bands of stone to bond them
together.

The ashlar work of the jambs and arches, especially of the earlier
work, is beautifully executed and almost savours of Roman handi-
craft, and, considering the exposure it has been subject to, is in a
wonderfully good state of preservation ; the same may be said of
the plaster on the walls.

The early Norman work in the Nave is also most interesting ;
the narrowness of the opening between the Chancel and Nave (only
4ft. lOin.) should be noted as being one of the characteristics of
that period. The tower is of the Early Decorated period and is
very pleasing in design, and the arch, although plain, is well
proportioned and the execution of the masonry good.

It seems strange that a Christian church should have been
placed in what was evidently once upon a time one of the sacred
circles or places of worship of a barbarous tribe, perhaps where the
Druid priests conducted their mysterious rites.

Jlnalpsis a tnibrtb fears Jlgcr.

By THOS. B. GROVES.

N the neighbourhood of Weymouth, issuing from shaley
beds strongly impregnated with pyrites, there are
numerous sulphur springs; the most considerable,
though not perhaps the most potent, being that of
Nottington, some two and a-half miles from the
borough This has always had a reputation for
medicinal value; but it was not until the end of
the last century that steps were taken to inclose the spring, and to
furnish certain conveniences in the way of pumps, baths, &c. This
action was mainly due to John Crane, physician, at Dorchester,
whose work, " An Account of the Nature, Properties, and Medicinal
Use of the Mineral Water at Nottington," I propose to re\iew.
The book is a little duodecimo of 44 pages, with an illustration
giving the then appearance of the well. It was printed by
T. Lockett, Dorchester (year not stated), and was to be sold
for Is.

The author commences \\ith an attempt to define the taste of
the water, and shows some skill in leading up to the inevitable
conclusion that it is disgusting. He writes : " This spring, in the
opinion of many, resembles very much to the palate a weak
solution of sal polychrest : it has been compared to a boiled egg
by some, somewhat stale, and by others to rotten eggs." Then,

142 WATER ANALYSIS A. HUNDRED YEARS AGO.

with regard to the specific gravity, " when compared with that of
distilled water by means of the hydrostaticai balance, the difference
between them is so trifling as not to be an object of any consider-
ation on that account ; the latter is rather the lighter of the two."
One other physical peculiarity he notes "in colour it has a milky,
slight blue tinge, which appears to be considerably heightened by
viewing the water in a tin vessel." He then plunges into what
passed in that day for chemistry.

" That there is an acidity in this water is not to be doubted in
the least, from its property of turning white on being n:ixed with
alkalies, and from its curdling immediately with soap. This acid
is most undoubtedly inherent in its sulphur, and affords a perfect
confutation of the opinion which that learned physician, Dr.
Stahll, most erroneously maintained viz., c that acids do not
pre-exist in sulphur, but are merely creatures of the fire.' This
assertion, the author further states, * is easily disproved in these
later times by all who are become better acquainted with the
component parts of this mineral by the progressive improvements
made in chemistry.' "

But this acidity, singular enough, co-exists with alkalinity
" that the Nottington water abounds with an alkali manifestly
appears, from an analysis of its component parts, by the usual
process of evaporation. The salt which is afterwards extracted
from the insoluble residuum, on being well rubbed into raw meat,
occasions it to turn very red, in conformity with the well-known
property of alkaline nitre." By applying tincture of galls he
demonstrates that it has " no chalybeate or ferruginous impreg-
nation," and that it " contains no oker is presumed on the first
inspection of the water." Moreover, the stones in the vicinity of
the well apparently resemble " common stones, and the neighbour-
ing springs do not differ from common simple water," whatever
these may mean. "In evaporating the water its sulphureous
smell is entirely removed by the time half the water is exhaled in
the operation. The process of evaporating four quarts of the water
to dryness in the common way leaves about two scruples or

WATER ANALYSIS A HUNDRED YEARS AGO. 143

somewhat more of a brown reddish mass. If, however, a glass
retort is made use of, and the water is drawn off by a very gentle
sand heat with great circumspection, almost a third more may be
gained from the same quantity of the water. The salt, which
is afterwards extracted from the insoluble residuum, is in the
proportion of 10 gr. (of the former) to 2 of the latter. This salt,
when mixed with spirit of vitriol, causes a very considerable
ebullition, affording thereby essential evidence of its alkaline
quality, in addition to what has already been observed. When
this salt is rubbed with sal ammoniac it has an urinous pungent
smell, and when it is mixed with salt of tartar it gives off rather
an offensive foetid odour."

" It has been observed that a very pretty experiment may be
made with this water after being kept a proper time, and this
without the trouble of a regular chemical process [such, I suppose,
as the writer has already indicated]. By keeping the Nottington
water in bottles for the space of a twelve-month, or more, it affords
a spontaneous partial analysis of itself; light bodies of different
colours are observed floating on its surface. These are the sul-
phureous particles now all collected together, which were originally
diffused throughout the substance of the whole. These slender
corpuscules, if carefully taken up and dried, and afterwards strewed
on a red-hot poker or bar of iron, flame and sparkle beautifully into
an infinite variety of colours, resembling a peacock's tail, very
elegantly illustrating the formation of the variegated scum so
frequently observed on the surface of many mineral waters,
sulphureous as well as chalybeate."

It seems that Dr. Crane was not the first in the field, but that
he had been preceded by Godfrey in 1719. by Dr. W. Gumming,
of Dorchester, in 1740, and by Dr. Rutty in 1749. Their experi-
ments were even more elaborate than his own, the reagents used
being solutions of silver, lead, copperas, and alum, sea-water, soap,
volatile alkalies (mild and caustic), tincture and powder of galls and
such other astringents, syrup of violets, &c. The results obtained
are not stated, but they are. supposed to " tend indisputably to

144 WATER ANALYSIS A HUNDRED YEARS AGO.

confirm the opinion universally received and proved by all preceding
experiments, that this water is principally impregnated with sulphur
and the native alkaline salt or natron with which almost all the
mineral waters in France so plentifully abound, and which many
affirm to be the true nitre of the antients. This natron, some
are of opinion, bears a nearer affinity to sal ammoniac than to
saltpetre."

The author's chemistry, however, must not be too severely
criticised, nor too much expected of him when in the same field
such scientific luminaries as Short, Shaw, Boyle, and Hoffmann
had confessedly failed.

The inherent virtues of mineral waters are not to be explained
must probably ever remain involved in doubt and obscurity. The
writer must therefore be commended for the next very sensible
observation : " It is not to be doubted but that the greater part of
mineral waters most assuredly contain certain inherent principles
from which their virtues derive their source respectively, which
are not to be ascertained by any experiments whatever \ they are
placed infinitely too far beyond our reach, the imperfections of
human nature utterly precluding us from the power of considering
them as the objects of sense."

" Thus, for instance, with respect to the inherent specific pro-
perties of the Nottington water now under consideration. Who is
able to ascertain positively to which particular quality of it its
acknowledged healing virtue is indebted 1 Is it owing to its sul-
phureous acid ? to its alkaline salt ? to a due combination of both,
co-existing in this salutary spring? or perhaps, after all, to some
active principle in the elementary water itself, not cognisable by
the organs of our senses 1 " It is only fair to say with regard to
this statement that it very well expresses the opinion of the best
chemists of the present day who, notwithstanding the refinements
introduced into the art of water-analysis by such men as Frank-
land, Wanklyn, Tidy, and others, are free to confess that they are
quite unable to account for all, or nearly all, the qualities observable
in either potable or medicinal waters.

WATER ANALYSIS A HUNDRED YEARS AGO. 145

There follows a disquisition on the remedial qualities of Notting-
ton water, followed by warnings against its injudicious employment,
Imt this I do not propose to summarise further than by quoting a
neat Latin couplet on the title-page :

Vulnera persanat, maculas terit, ulcera siccat,
Vires restituit ; sit tamen arte data.

The condition of the well was very much neglected at this time,
its only protection being a low wall with arrangements for dipping
the water. It seems that it is due to the author's initiative that
steps were taken to properly inclose the spring in a circular
building with a suitable pump for delivering the liquid in a pure
state ; " with an overflow conveyed by a trough to a stone cistern
sunk at a proper distance for the purpose of washing diseased
animals ; the abhorred idea of their being dipped in the well
has deterred many people from using the water, and common
decency requires that such loathsome objects should be kept from
the sight of those who repair to the well to drink the water." One
might well be allowed to be somewhat squeamish about the use.
whether external or internal, of a water open to such dreadful
suspicions. Mangy dog plus rotten eggs are surely a most uninviting
combination.

Jl pst of fjorthmb

By NELSON M. RICHARDSON, B.A.,

Read December 13th, 1S95.

INTRODUCTION.

fully agree with my friend Mr. C. W. Dale, the author
of " Lepidoptera of Dorset," that Portland must be
treated as a separate district of the county of Dorset
for Entomological purposes. For there is no part of
the county where a line of demarcation has been so
distinctly drawn by nature, and where so much may
be met with that is peculiar and interesting, and not
found elsewhere, as at Portland. Mrs. Richardson
and I have during the past ten years, done a good
deal of collecting, especially night collecting, in this peninsula, or
island, as it is commonly called, and, at the suggestion of our
Treasurer, I have compiled a list of all the Lepidoptera which are
known to have occurred there so far as I have yet been able to
ascertain. In the first place I would express my acknowledgments
to Mr. Dale, who published in Vol. I. of the Club's Proceedings a
list of Portland Lepidoptera. In this are contained some old
records of species taken formerly, but which have not occurred
for many years, and may therefore be presumed to have become

Proc.DorsetN.H.&A.EClnb. VoiXM

Helei r.I. Richardson pxt.

lith.Werner ^Winter Frankfcrt/M.

l.Lita(Gelechia) instabi!ella,Dougl. 2. L.salicorniae, Hering.
S.Coleophora adjunctella, Hodgkn. with larvee, foodplants, and case.

NOTE ON THE INSTABILELLA GROUP OF THE GENUS

LIT A.

BY NELSON M. RICHARDSON, B.A., F.E.S.

The two species of Lita here figured complete the little group of the
five closely allied species which occur in this country, and which are all
found on the Chesil Beach. Their full life-histories are given in
Vols. xxix. and xxx. of the Entomologist's Monthly Magazine by Mr.
Eustace R. Bankes and myself. Figures shewing the life-history of the
other three species, sucedella, Richardson ; ocellatella, Stainton ; and
plantaginella, Stainton ; are given on the plate at p. 59 of Proc.,Vol. XV.,
and accounts of them in the accompanying paper at p. 64., &c.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

I. Lita (Gelechid) instabilella, Douglas. 1. Imago; la. Larva, both
much magnified ; 16. Shoot of Atriplex portulacoides shewing
mine of larva, which eats out the green fleshy interior substance
of the leaf, in April.

[See Proc. XV., 65. Ent. Monthly Mag., XXIX., 243, 247,

&C. XXX., 80.]

2. Lita (Gelechia) salicornice, Hering. 2. Imago; 2a. Larva, both
much magnified ; 26. Two small plants of Salicornia hcrbacea
(Common Marsh Samphire or Glasswort) growing near each other
and spun together by a larva. Frequently only one plant is spun
up and generally more or less distorted. Though the larva of
this moth has been known for years, I had been quite unable to
obtain it for figuring until Mr. Eustace R. Bankes found it in the
I. of Wight on July 24th, 1896, feeding on Salicornia, apparently
its favourite food-plant, and kindly sent me specimens. Shortly
afterwards I discovered it not uncommonly on the same plant on
the Chesil Beach, where I had once taken a few specimens of the
imago and often searched unavailingly for the larva. It would
therefore appear as if 1896 had been a specially favourable year
for this species around Weymouth, but Mr. Bankes failed to find
more than one imago and one larva in Purbeck, where it always
seems unaccountably scarce.

[See Proc. XV., 65. Ent. Monthly Mag. XXX., 80.]

The figures of the genus Lita on both plates are from Dorset
specimens.

3. Coleophora adjunctella, Hodgkinson. 3. Imago ; 3a. Larva ; 36.
Case of larva, all much magnified. The larva and case figured
were found by me at Radipole, on the shore of the backwater. 3c.
Spray of Juncus Gerardi (Mud Rush), with case of larva attached
(nat. size). This species also occurs in Purbeck, where it is
apparently much commoner than at Weymouth.

[See Ent. Monthly Mag., XVIII., 189 ; XXII., 9, 68 ; XXIV., 15 ;
XXVIIL, 284; xxxi., 130; for full information as to life-
history, &c.

PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA. 147

either rare or extinct in this locality. I have also to thank Mr.
Dale for notes and records of some other species not included in
his list. Secondly, I have made use of a list published by Colonel
C. E. Partridge in The Entomologist (Vol. XXII., 1889, at pages
43 and 56) of those species which he had himself taken at Portland,
\vhich includes a few which I have not met with. Colonel
Partridge, living at Portland, and having been, during part of his
time there, a very energetic collector, added several species to
the list of Portland insects, as well as one or two varieties. The
Rev. 0. P. Cambridge, Rev. C. R. Digby, and Mr. E. R. Bankes
have also greatly contributed to the list at different times, chiefly
before I came into this neighbourhood, and I take this opportunity
of thanking them for their kind help, especially Mr. Bankes, who
has given me much useful information about various species.

In Portland I have thought it well to include the part of the
Cliesil Beach from the Ferry Bridge to Portland station, which
seems to fall more naturally into this district than into that of the
adjoining main land ; though its entomological productions are of
so marked a character that it might almost deserve a separate list.
With comparatively few exceptions the undercliff is the chief home
of insect life at Portland. The higher parts are mostly either
quarried for stone or cultivated, and moths are very susceptible to
anything that is always disturbing them, and, with few exceptions,
speedily become rare when exposed to such influences ; added to
which the heights of Portland are very bleak and afford but little
shelter, such as is found on the undercliff. Towards the Bill there
is less cultivation and we find consequently more moths, but in
nothing like the variety and numbers which the undercliff
produces. The total number in my list is just under 600, which is
no mean one, considering that there is no variety in the soil and
that the whole of Portland is more or less bleak and stony, though
it sounds little in comparison with the Purbeck list of over 1,000.
Purbeck, however, is greatly favoured in possessing coast, bog,
saltmarsh, sandhills, heath, down, and wood, each with special
species.

148 PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA.

In one respect, however, Portland has the advantage, for no less
than five species found there regularly, viz : AcidaUa degeneraria,
Episclmia lankesiella, Tinea suUilella, T. vinculella, Butalis siccella
have not been taken elsewhere in the British Isles, and it is the
only locality in the world for E. lanJcesiella.* Besides this the
specimen of Helena alUfusa taken by Colonel Partridge is unique
as British, and other species such as Plusia ni, Lapliygma exigua,
Diasemia ramlurialis, Stigmonota interruptana, Epliestia semirufa
have occurred.

Even on the undercliff itself some species are very local, and
this independently of the range of their food plants. For instance
AcidaUa rusticata which feeds on pellitory (Parietaria officinalis)
and is said also to feed on ivy, bramble, and I think hawthorn, is
not by any means to be found wherever its food-plant occurs,
pellitory being a very common plant in Portland and the moth only
found in a very few spots near Pennsylvania. Again Venilia
marulata feeds on nettle, dead nettle and various other plants, but
is confined to the northern end of Portland, though there is no lack
of its food plants elsewhere. Lyccena minima, the " Little blue
butterfly," with Anthyllis vulneraria for its food plant, is very local
and so is Sati/rus Semele, the " Grayling butterfly " (food plant
grass). Ilithyia carnella (food-plant bird's-foot trefoil, Lotus
curniculatus] one of the most generally distributed Portland plants,
I have never taken except on a small area below the prison, where
it is rather common. There is only one part of the West Cliff
where I have found Luperina cespitis, the larva of which feeds on
grass, and again Eupitliecia constrictata, a rather scarce moth that
feeds on thyme, I have only found in any numbers on a small
area, though there are quantities of its food-plant everywhere, and
a few specimens of the moth occur in many places.

* Since the above was written Mr. Bankes has met with T. vinculella
in Purbeck, and I have taken a specimen of E. bankesiella at Lulworth.
I have reason to believe that the latter insect occurs along the rocky
part of the coast towards Swanage.

PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA. 149

Turning to the Chesil Beach Agrotis ripce is there very local,
though its food plants, Chenopodium and other coast plants, are not
so limited in their distribution.

Perhaps the most striking instance of all is that of Stenia
punctalis, the larva of which feeds under stones on vegetable
rubbish composed of grass stems and roots, dead leaves of plants,
&c., all of which, including the stones, might be found in any
part of Portland or the Chesil Beach. I have, however, as far
as I can remember, never captured a single specimen of the
moth on the west side of the Chesil Beach Railway, though on the
narrow strip on the east side it is to bo found in great numbers.
At Portland it is very local, but as on the beach, where it occurs
it is decidedly common, and on a good evening for moths may
sometimes be seen literally in hundreds ; being of a peculiar shape,
with long body and long legs it is easily recognised during its
slow and somewhat heavy flight.

Another group of moths consists of those which are necessarily
very local on account of the restricted range of their food-plants.

There are hardly any damp spots or ponds to be found, and from
this cause alone many plants are exceedingly local.

Sallow is in most places a common tree and supports, according to
Mr. St. John's Handbook of the LarvaB of British Macro-lepidoptera,
no less than 74 species, or about a tenth of the caterpillars of the
larger moths, as well as numerous kinds of the smaller ones, many
of these having, however, also other food-plants. Sallow only
occurs, as far as I know, at two damp spots in Portland, and
Mentha liirsuta (hairy water mint), and rushes are almost equally
limited ; consequently we have to depend on these little patches
for the following 17 species : Dicranura furcula, Gonoptera
libatrix, Cabera exantliemaria, Lomaspilis marginata, Eupitliecia
tenuiata, Hijpsipetes sordidata, Cidaria testata, Peronea hastiana,
Badra lanceolana, Scoparia pallida, Eupoecilia nofulana, Coleoplwra
ccespititiella, Glypliipteryx thrasonella, Arcfyresthia pygmceella,
Gracilaria stigmatella, Litliocolletis viminiella, Nepticula salicis,
and possibly others.

150 PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA.

There are a few species to which I wish to allude, mostly repre-
sented in my list by only one or two specimens, whose food-plant
does not, so far as I know, occur at Portland (though it may do so
singly in gardens or other cultivated ground), or which are usually
found under very different circumstances. Firstly, there are three
moths which are as a rule only found on heaths, Selidosema
ericetaria, Agrotis strigula, and Phycis fusca, the latter moth having
a special partiality for burnt places on heaths, in which, being black
it is well concealed, or possibly as Mr. C. J. Barrett (in Entomolo-
gical Monthly Magazine, xxiii., 108) doubts if any sufficient
advantage would accrue to it from concealment to cause such a
permanent habit through natural selection, it may be that it is
merely a lover of heat, and finding the black parts of the heath
warmer than the rest, it stays on them when once it reaches them.
The food-plant is, I believe, not known, that of Agrotis strigula
is heath only, whilst S. ericetaria eats heath or bird's-foot trefoil.
There are also several oak species, and oak is either absent or very
scarce. Mr. Dale tells me he knows of none at Portland. Crypto-
blabes bistriga, which is recorded by the Rev. 0. P. Cambridge, is
an oak species, and so is Lithocolletis messaniella, which, however,
also feeds on evergreen oak.

Dioryctria splendidella feeds on fir, which I have not seen at
Portland, and Triphosa dubitata on buckthorn (Rhamnus cathar-
ticus) which I feel almost sure does not occur there. This last
species is however of regular occurrence, and doubtless feeds on
some other plant perhaps blackthorn.

The many difficulties in the way of collecting at Portland,
including the proverbial bad entomological weather which prevails
there and the rough nature of the ground, perhaps account for the
fact that many of the species of my list have only been taken by
one or two collectors. This fact also makes me hope that many
additions may be made to this list at no distant date and that new
species yet lurk concealed there which will still further increase
the fame of Portland as a first-rate entomological collecting
ground.

PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA. ol

Iii the following list I have as a rule given the authority when
only one or two specimens of a species have been recorded or when
the occurrence of the species has been noted by only one person,
and I have not myself met with it. When I considered it desir-
able, on account of any doubt which may have been cast on the
record or for any other reason, to mention the authority, I have
indicated it by initials in brackets as follows :

(E. K. B.) for Eustace R. Bankes.

(0. P. C.) 0. P. Cambridge.

(C. R. D.) Charles R. Digby

(C. W. D.) C. W. Dale

(C. P.) Charles Partridge

(J. G. R.) ,, J. G. Ross (entered on the authority of Mr. C.
W. Dale).

(N. M. R.) N. M. Richardson.

(J. J. W.) ,, J. J. Walker.

My friends, Rev. 0. P. Cambridge, Rev. C. R. Digby, Messrs.
Bankes and Dale, and Colonel Partridge, I have already referred
to. My late friend Mr. J. G. Ross, who died some years ago, at
one time did a good deal of collecting among the Portland Macro-
iepidoptera, and the names of several species which have been
captured by him alone have been communicated to me by
Mr. C. W. Dale. Mr. J. J. Walker, R.JST., has also collected at
Portland, and for most of his records in the following pages I
have to thank Mr. E. R. Bankes.

I have only to add that the arrangement and names in South's
" Entomologist " List of British Lepidoptera (which has been
used in the Dorset County Museum cabinets) have been followed
in the appended list.

The abbreviations of authors' names used are the same as in
South's List, above mentioned.

LIST OF PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA.

RHOPALOCERA.

PIERID^E.

PJERIS URASSICLE, L. Common.

RAr.E, L. Common. In hot seasons the yellowish variety

predominates (C. W. D.).
,, NAPI, L. Common.
EUCIILOE CARDAMINES, L. Not very common. Sometimes common

on the north side (C. W. D.).
GoxErTERYX RiiAMNi, L. Scarce.

COLIAS EDUSA, Fb. Occurs abundantly in " JEdusa years," such as
1877 and 1892, but generally absent, as elsewhere.
There is a record of var. Jielice, Hb., seen on August
6th, 1876, by Mr. C. W. Dale, and he has also
taken it on August 24th, 1877, on the Chesil Beach.
IIYALE, L. The record in Lep. Dorset, 2nd Edn., p. 2, refers
to a specimen taken August, 1885, by (J. J. W.) on
the Chesil Beach. It is now in Mr. E. R. Bankes'
cabinet.

NYMPHALID^E.
VANESSA URTIOE, L. Common.

roLYdiLOROs, L. One by (C. W. D.), July 30th, 1875.
10, L. Scarce.
ATALANTA, L. Not uncommon.

CARDUI, L. Abundant in some years both in the larva
and imago states. Larva sometimes on Pellitory
(Parietaria offidnalie).

SATYRID/E,
MELANARGIA GALATEA, L. Rare (C. W. D.).

PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA. 153

PARARGE EGERIA, L. Common in the grounds of Pennsylvania
Castle (C. W. D.). On the neighbouring mainland
this butterfly is generally to be found wherever there
are a few trees together.
MEG,ERA, L. Common.

SATYRUS SEMELE, L. Common.

EPINEPHELE JANIRA, L. Very common.

CCENONYMPHA PAMPHiLUS, L. Very common.

POLYOMMATUS PHL^AS, L. Moderately common.
LYC/ENA ;EGON, Scliiff. Abundant. Sometimes swarms amongst
long grass, on which it usually passes the night.

ASTRARCHE, Bgstr. (agestis, Hb.). Scarce.

,, ICARUS, Rott. (alexis, Hb.}. Common. The females much
marked with blue.

,, BELLARGUS, Rott. (adonis, Fb,). Moderately common.

CORYDON, Fb. Rather scarce.

,, ARGIOLUS, L. Occasionally amongst ivy.

MINIMA, Fues. (alsus, Fb.) Common, but local.

HESPERIIM;.

SYRICHTHUS MALV^E, L. (alveolus, Hb.). Scarce (C. P.).

NISONIADES TAGES, L. Uncommon.

HESPERIA THAUMAS, Hufn. (linea, Fb.). One or two near the Break-

water.
SYLVANUS, Esp. Uncommon.

HETEROCERA.

SPHINGES.

SPHINGID^.

ACIIERONTIA ATROPOS, L. An imago beaten out of ivy in the after
noon by Mr. Henry J. Sykes below Pennsylvania,
September 2nd, 1887.

154: PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA.

SPHINX CONVOLVULI, L. Common in the garden of the Governor of
the Prison in 1885 (J. J. \V.) Also taken plenti-
fully by Mr. J. P. Hyde in 1895 at Petunias and
Nicotiana affinis in " The Grove" (Entomologist
XXVIIL, 312).
,, LIGUSTRI, L. One larva (C. P.)

CHCEROCAMPA PORCELLUS, L. Not uncommon at flowers at dusk.
Larvae on Galium.

MACROGLOSSA STELLATARUM, L. Sometimes rather common.

SESIAD.E.

IA ICHNEUMONIFORMIS, Fb. Not uncommon by sweeping flowers
of Lotus corniculatus (N. M. R.). Also by ((J. P.)
and (E. R. B.) by sweeping flower-heads of tall
grasses, especially towards evening.

ZYG.ENID.E.

ZYG.KNA TRIFOLII, Esp. One specimen (C. P )

,, FILIPENDUL/E, L. Abundant. I know of no record of
the yellow variety, which has occurred on Ridge-
way.

BOMBYCES.

NOLID.E.

NOLA CUCULLATELLA, L. Occasionally.

LITHOSIID.^, St.
NUDARIA MUNDANA, L. Common. Larvte in little companies on

lichen under stones.
LITHOSIA LURIDEOLA, Zinck. Moderately common. An unusually

small form occurs.

EUCHELIID/E, Gn.

EUCHELIA JACOB^EJi;, L. Larva sometimes abundant on ragwort.

PORTLAND tEPIDOPTERA. 155

CHELONIID^E, Gn.

ARCTIA CAJA, L. Not very common.

,, VILLICA, L. Common (C. W. D.) Not observed by (C. P.)
or (N. M. R.) Not uncommon on the neighbouring
mainland.

SPILOSOMA MENDICA, Clerck. Larva on bramble and elder.
LUBRICIPEUA, Jfjsp. Common.
MENTHASTRI, Esp. Common.

HEPIALID^E, Gn.

HEPIALUS SYLVANUS, L. Occasionally rather common.
LUPULINUS, L. Common.
HECTUS, L. Common (C. P.)

LIPARID.E, Gn.

PORTHESIA CHRYSORRmEAj L. Occasionally at light (C. P.)
SIMILIS, Fues. Occasionally.

BOMBYCULE.
BOMBYX XEUSTRIA, L. Not common.

RUBI, L. Larvae common on bramble (C. P.)
,, QUERCUS, L. Common. Female comes to light. Recorded
Proc. L, 54 as L. callunce, but this northern var. is
unlikely to occur at Portland.
ODONESTIS POTATORIA, L. Larva not common.

DREPANULIDJi:, Bdv.

CILIX GLAUCATA, Scop. Moderately common.

DICRANURID^:, Bdv.

DICRANURA FURCULA, L. Two at light (C. P.)
,, VINULA, L. Scarce.

PYG^RID^E, Gn.
PHALERA BUCEPHALA, L. A few larvae (C. P.)

156 PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA.

CYMATOPHORID^E, H.-S.

TlIYATIRA DERASA, L. One (C. P.)

NOCTU^E.

BRYOPHILID.E, Gn.

BKYOPHILA MURALIS, Forst. Moderately common. On flowers of

Clematis and at rest on rocks and walls.
PERLA, Fb. Commoner than the last.

BOMBYCOID.E, Bdv.
ACRONYCTA PSI, L. Scarce.

,, RUMicis, L. Rather scarce.

LEUCANIID.E, Gn.

LEUCAXIA COXIGERAJ Fb. Common.

LITIIARGYRIA, Esp. Common.

LITTORALIS, Curt. A few on the Chesil Beach by Rev.

0. P. Cambridge many years ago.
COMMA, L. Scarce.
IMPURA, Hb. Common.
PALLENS, L. Common.

TAPIXOSTOLA BOXDII, Knagys. One found by Mrs. N. M. Richard-
son, resting on a grass stem below Pennsylvania,
July 10th, 1888. It has also occurred at Lyme
Regis.

XOXAGRIA LUTOSA, Hb. One at light below Pennsylvania, October
18th, 1887 (N. M. R.)

APAMEID^E, Gn.

HYDROZCIA XICTITAXS, BorJc. Scarce. One of paludis form July

22nd, 1892 (N. M. R.)
MICACEA, Esp. Scarce. One September 1st, 1888

(N. M. R.)
AXYLIA PUTRIS, L. Not uncommon.

PORTLAND LEP1DOPTERA. 157

XYLOPHASIA RUREA, Fb. Scarce (C. P.)
LITHOXYLBA, Fb. Common.

SUBLUSTRIS, Esp. Not very common.

,, MONOGLYPHA, Hufn. One of the most abundant moths

at sugar. A specimen nearly as dark as the darkest
Scotch forms with small lighter patches on the
inner margin occurred July 27th, 1888 (N. M. R.)
Colonel Partridge also took a similar dark variety.

APOROPHYLA AUSTRALIS, Bdv. Occurs regularly hut never in any
numbers. The specimens are large and often hand-
somely marked with a very white ground. (Ent.
Mon. Mag. XXYIL, 119).

LAPHYGMA EXIGUA, Hb. Two shaken out of the vegetation on the
edge of a gravel pit on the Chesil Beach by Rev.
0. P. Cambridge, June, 1879.

NEURIA RETICULATA, Vill. Not uncommon, but never in numbers.

NEURONIA POPULARIS, Fb. Scarce. One (C. P.)

HELIOPHOBUS HISPIDUS, Hb. Common, and variable in depth of
colour. This beautiful moth used to be considered
rare at Portland, being only searched for in the day
time. It seems to occur all over the island. Three
varieties are figured (Proc. Vol. XL, p. 46).

CHAR^AS GRAMINIS, L. One at light (C. P.)

CERIGO MATURA, Hufn. Common.

LUPERINA TESTACEA, Hb. Common. A dark form sometimes occurs
and a very delicately marked specimen (var. Gueneeil)
was taken by Colonel Partridge in 1889.

,, DUMERILI, Dup. Two by Mr. Sealy. The following was
extracted by myself when Hon. Sec. of the Cam-
bridge Entomological Society in 1878 from its
Manuscript Book of Transactions and may, I think,
be looked upon as an authentic account of the
occurrence of this species (about which there have
been so many different tales and so much discussion)
at Portland, though that locality is not actually

158 PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA.

mentioned. I may add that one of Professor Sealy's
specimens of Dumerili is now in the collection of
Mr. E. R. Bankes. Report of meeting held October
29th, 1858. "Mr. Sealy exhibited two specimens
of Luperina Dumerilii taken by himself in the
South of England during the summer. This he
notices was the second time the species had been
captured in Great Britain, a hitherto unique speci-
men having been captured by Dr. Robertson many
years ago. The two specimens exhibited had been
submitted to the verdict of Messrs. Bond and Double-
day, who pronounced them to be L. Dumerilii.
Another specimen had also been taken by Mr.
Farren, thus confirming a doubtful species." It was
said that specimens were taken by the lighthouse
keeper at Portland at about this date (1858) for
some who employed him, but doubts were thrown
on their origin. In Entom. Weekly Intelligencer V.
p. 51 (1858-9), the following note was published:
" During the past summer I have been fortunate
enough to verify a hitherto rather doubtful British
species by capturing in the South of England two
specimens of Luperina Dumerilii. Another was also
taken by Mr. Farren who was with me. A. F. Sealy,
70, Trumpington-street, Cambridge ; November 6th."
Mr. Farren states on the same page that he took
three more specimens in 1859 in the same locality.

LUPERINA CESPITIS, Fb. Rather scarce. A variety having the usual
dark ground colour intersected by a broad pale band
near the hind margin and blotched with other light
patches was taken in September, 1894, on the West
Cliff (N. M. R.)

MAMESTRA ABJECTA, Hb. Not uncommon on Chesil Beach. One at
sugar by Mr. H. W. Vivian, August 1st, 1890, near
Pennsylvania.

PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA. 159

MAMESTRA SORDIDA, Bork. Common.

ALBICOLON, Hb. Common on Chesil Beach.
,, BRASSIC/E, L. Common.
APAMEA BASILINEA, Fb. Abundant.
GEMINA, Hb. Not uncommon.
DIDYMA, Esp. Abundant and variable.

MIANA STRIGILIS, Clerclc. Abundant and variable. A beautiful
variety, with the central band coppery red, is not
uncommon.
FASCIUNCULA, Haio. Scarce. One on Chesil Beach, June

22nd, 1892. Also at Portland.
,, LITEROSA, Haw. Common.
BICOLORIA, Vill. Abundant.

CARADRINID^E, Gn.

GRAMMESIA TRIGRAMMICA, Hufn. Common. The var. lilinea is not

uncommon.

CARADRINA ALSINES, Brahm. Common (C. P.). Only two specimens
doubtfully referred to this species (N. M. R.).
Several (E. R. B.)
TARAXACI, Hb. Abundant.
QUADRIPUNCTATA, Fb. Moderately common.

NOCTUID^E, Gn.

AGROTIS VESTIGIALIS, Hufn. Not uncommon on Chesil Beach.

,, PUTA, Hb. Common.

,, SUFFUSA, Hb. Not uncommon at ivy.

SAUCIA, Hb. Not uncommon at ivy.

SEGETUM, Schiff. Common.

LUNIGERA, St. Common. Rarer on Chesil Beach.

,, EXCLAMATIONIS, L. The most abundant of this genus.

CORTICEA, Hb. Common and beautifully marked.

CINEREA, HI. One at sugar, 1888 (C. P.)

160 PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA.

AGROTIS RIP.E, HI. Beautiful and rare forms of tins species
occur locally on Chesil Beach, amongst which
may be mentioned almost white specimens, others
dusted or clouded with grey and brown, others
with bright ochreous ground colour, the forms
from most localities being much plainer in appear-
ance.

CURSORIA, Boric. Recorded (C. W. D., Proc., Vol. I,, p. 55)
as taken on the Chesil Beach by Mr. Bentley and
Professor Henslow, but, from the very unusual range
of variation in A. ripce in that locality, some
specimens of which approach varieties of cursoria,
it is possible that the specimens may have been
wrongly determined. It has not been taken there
for many years, and there is no other record of its
capture.

MGRICANS, L. Common.

,, TRITICI, L. Abundant on Chesil Beach. Some of the
varieties, with pale costal streaks, are very hand-
some.

,, STRIGULA, Thnb. One near Pennsylvania, at sugar, July
12th, 1895 (N. M. R.) One was also taken at the
Upper Lighthouse by (J. J. W.)

PR.ECOX, L. Taken in 1843 on Chesil Beach by Messrs.
Curtis and J. C. Dale. No recent records. The
following extract from Haworth's " Lepidoptera
Britannica," Part II., p. 201, is of interest :
"Although I have known this moth to be taken
even in London, but on a flower-pot brought
from the country, the Portland Islands seem the
only places where it abounds with us ; and there
that great patroness of Natural History, the late
Duchess of Portland, first found it. Of her rearing
I have possessed many specimens, and have seen a
great number of others,"

PORTLAND LBPIDOPTERA. 161

AGROTIS SIMULANS, Hufn. Very uncertain in its occurrence.
Occasionally not uncommon, but usually scarce.
This is one of the few southern localities where it is
taken more or less regularly, though an odd specimen
turns up in many places. The Scotch forms have a
smoky appearance only noticed in one Portland
example. Some of these are extremely light in
tint.

LUCERNEA, L, Common. I have never (with one or two
doubtful exceptions on sugared flowers) taken this
species at sugar at Portland, though it is sometimes
very common on flowers. The other species of the
germs are more indiscriminate in their tastes.
NOCTUA PLECTA, L. Rather scarce.
,, C-NIGRUM, L. Generally scarce.
,, TRIANGULUM, Hufn. Rather scarce.
FESTIVA, Hb. Moderately common.

RUBI, View. Scarce. I have only a record of one capture,
June 26th, 1889, which is the largest specimen in
my series.

UMBROSA, Hb. Recorded as " Rare " in Lep. Dorset, p. 16,
and Edn., 1891, p. 17 (C. W. D.) Taken by
(J. G. R.)

BAJA, Fb. Scarce (C. P.)
,, XANTHOGRAPHA, Ib. Common, but not in such swarms as

is the case in most localities.
TRIPH^NA IANTHINA, Esp. Common.

,, FIMBRIA, L. Scarce (N. M. R.)
INTERJECTA, Hb. Not uncommon.
ORBONA, Hufn. Recorded as "Rare," Lep. Dorset, 1891
Edn. p. 16. Taken by (J. G. R.) about 1874.
(C. W. D.)

COMES, Hb. Very common. Many beautiful varieties
occur ; amongst others brick-red and blackish forms,
and one dusted all over with whitish.

1(52 PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA.

TRIPH^NA PRONUBA, L. Very common, and, like the last species,
with a great range of variation.

AMPHIPYRID.E, Gn.

AMPHIPYRA TRAGOPOGONIS, L. Not uncommon.

ORTHOSIHLE, Gn.

PACHNOBIA RUBRICOSA, Fb. Plentiful at blackthorn bloom (C. P.)
T.ENIOCAMPA GOTHICA, L. Scarce (C. P.)

STABILIS, View. Very scarce (C. P.)

ORTHOSIA MACILENTA, Hb. Occasionally at ivy bloom.
ANCHOCELIS PISTACINA, Fb. Common.

,, LUNOSA, Haw. Common and variable.

CERASTIS VACCINII, L. Common (C. P.) I should refer all my

specimens of this Genus to spadicea (N. M. R.)
,, SPADICEA, Hb. Common at ivy bloom.
SCOPELOSOMA SATELLITIA, L. Moderately common.
XAXTHIA CIRCELLARIS, Hufn. Common.

COSMIID.E, Gn.

CALYMNIA TRAPEZINA, L. Moderately common.
AFFINIS, L. One (C. P.)

HADENID^}.

EREMOBIA OCHROLEUCA, Esp. Occasionally not uncommon. Larva
swept from grass.

DIAXTHCECIA NANA, Rott. ( = conspersa, W. Y.) Three specimens
taken by the lighthouse-keeper (C. W. D.)

POLIA FLAVICINCTA, Fb. Not uncommon. A rather delicately-
marked form occurs here, with less yellow than in
other localities.

DASYPOLIA TEMPLI, Tlmb. Scarce. Several at the upper light-
house and one at rest on a wall in Castleton by
(J. J. W.), September, 1886. One near Pennsyl-
vania, September, 1893 (N. M. R.)

PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA. 163

EPUNDA LICHENEA, Hb. Common. Always very pale in colour,
sometimes extremely so. The Portland form has
a much whiter ground colour than the forms
found at Torquay and elsewhere. There is much
less ochreous and rarely any brick-red in the
mottling of the fore-wings, and the hind wings
are much paler in both sexes, being nearly white
in the male. Altogether it is a greyer, colder-looking
insect.

MISELIA OXYACANTH/E, L. Common.

PHLOGOPHORA METICULOSA, L. Abundant as elsewhere.

APLECTA NEBULOSA, Hufn. Very scarce (C. P.)

HADENA ADUSTA, Esp. Some good varieties (C. P.)
,, DENTINA, Esp. Rather scarce.
,, TRIFOLII, Rott. Rather common.

ALBIFUSA, Walker, Grote. The only recorded British
specimen of this North American moth was taken
by (C. P.) on August 15th, 1888, near Portland
Castle. Albifusa, originally described as a distinct
species by Walker, was referred by Grote to trifolii,
Rott. If this is correct its occurrence at Portland
is more easily explained as a variety of a moth
which is common there, though odd specimens of
American species are occasionally taken in this
country (See Entom. Monthly Mag. XXV., pp. 180,
228).

OLERACEA, L. Common.
THALASSINA, Rott. One (C. P.)

XYLINID.E.

XYLOCAMPA AREOLA, Esp. One (C. P.)
CALOCAMPA VETUSTA, Hb. Scarce (C. P.)

EXOLETA, L. Scarce (C. P.)

CUCULLIA VERBASCI, L. Larva sometimes common on Verbascwn
thapsus.

164 PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA.

CUCULLIA ABSINTHII, L. Larva common on Artemisia absinthium.*
UMBRATICA, L. Two specimens (C. P.)

;, Gn.

GONOPTERA LIBATRIX, L. Not common (C. P.)

PLUSIID^E, Bdv.

HABROSTOLA TRIPARTITA, Hufn. One (C. P.)
PLUS: A IOTA, L. One, July 19th, 1887 (K M. R.)

GAMMA, L. Often in great numbers. Larva on worm-

wood and many other plants.

NT, Hb. One at night in the grounds of Portland Castle,
Sept. 1888 (C. P.) Two bred Sept. 6th and 10th,
1894, from larvse found by Mrs. N. M. Richardson.
The re-occurrence of this species (of which the
British records are not more than 3 or 4 in number)
would suggest that it is more or less established at
Portland.

HELIOTHID^, Gn.

HELIOTIIIS PELTIGERA, Scltiff. One seen on Chesil Beach by

(J. J. W.) 1885. Two taken in 1888 (C. P.)
ARMIGERA, Hb. One taken in 1885 (J. J. W.)

ACONTIID^E, Gn.

ACONTIA LUCTUOSA, Esp. Occasionally in fields on the top of the
cliff.

HERMINIID.E, Gn.

RIVULA SERICEALIS, Scop. Common.

HYPENID.E, H.-S.

HYPENA PROBOSCIDALIS, L. Common amongst nettles.
HYPENODES COST^TRIGALIS, St. Rather common.

* Cucullia chamomillce, Schiff. Mr. Dale informs me that this is
recorded by mistake in his list, Proc., Vol. I., p. 56.

PORTLAND LEP1DOPTERA. 165

GEOMETRY, L.

UROPTERYGIM:, Gn.

UROPTERYX SAMBUCARIA, L. Not uncommon.

RUMIA LUTEOLATA, L. Common.

VENILIA MACULARIA, L. Locally common.

SELENIA BILUNARIA, Esp. Not uncommon.

ODONTOPERA BIDENTATA, Clerck. Very sparingly (C. P.)

CROCALLIS ELINGUARIA, L. Scarce. One September 3rd, 1888
(N. M. K.)

ENNOMOS EROSARIA, JBork. One October 3rd, 1888, near Pennsyl-
vania (E. R. B.)

BOARMIID.E, Gn.

CLEORA LICHEN ARIA, Hufn. Rather rare (C. W. D.)
BOARMIA REPANDATA, L. Not uncommon.

GEMMARIA, Brohm. Not uncommon.

GNOPHOS OBSCURARIA, Hb. Abundant. A light form (var. pullata,
Dup., of Stainton's Manual, there given as a distinct
species).

GEOMETRID.E, Gn.
PSEUDOTERPNA PRUINATA, Hufn. One specimen about 1876 by

(C. W. D.)

GEOMETRA VERNARIA Hb. Amongst Clematis vitalba (C. W. D.)
HEMITHEA STRIGATA, Mull. (C. W. D.)

ACIDALIID.E, Gn.

ASTHENA CANDIDATA, Scliiff. Very sparingly (C. P.)

ACIDALIA DIMIDIATA, Hufn. Common.

,, BISETATA, Hufn. Common.

RUSTICATA, Fb. Very local, but sometimes common.

DILUTARIA, Hb. Common.

NOTE. Eupisteria obliterate^ Hufn., is recorded doubtfully by
(C. W. D.) in Lep. Dorset, 1st Edii., and omitted from the 2nd Edn.

166 PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA.

ACIDALIA VIRGULARIA, Hb. One or two about 1874 by (C. W. D.)

,, MARGINEPUNCTATA, Goze. Common. The usual form is
strongly dusted with grey, but a var. occurs without
the grey dusting. There is a late (3rd 1) brood in
September.

SUBSERICEATA, Haw. Moderately common.

IMMUTATA, L. At a pond under the prison (C. W. D.)

REMUTARIA, Hb. Not uncommon.

IMITARIA, Hb. Not uncommon.

,, AVERSATA, L. Not uncommon.

DEGEXERARIA, Hb. Usually not uncommon. This is the only
British locality for this species, the " Portland Wave."
The larva can be reared in confinement on knotgrass,
chickweed, &c., from eggs deposited by the female,
but I am not aware that it has been found at large.

EMARGINATA, L. Kecorded in Proc. I., 56, as A. margi-
nata. Taken July 8th, 1875 (C. W. D.)

TlMANDRA AMATARIA, L. (C. W. D.)

CABERID.E, Gn.
CABERA PUSARIA, L. (C. W. D.)

EXANTHEMATA, Scop. (C. W. D.)

MACARIIDyE, Gn.
HALIA YAUARIA, L. Scarce. One on August 3rd, 1891 (N. M. K.)

FIDONIIDyE, Gn.

PANAGRA PETRARIA, Hb. One specimen (C. W. D.)
SELIDOSEMA ERICETARIA, Vill. (J. G. R.)
ASPILATES OCHREARIA, Rossi. Common.

ZERENID^E, Gn.
ABRAXAS CJHOSSULAIUATA, L. Common, and very constant in

markings.
LIGDIA ADUSTATA, Schiff. Larva common on spindle.

PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA. 167

HYBERNI1D.E, Gn.

HYBERNIA RUPICAPRARIA, Hb. Very sparingly (C. P.)

LARENTIID^C, Gn.

CHEIMATOBIA BRUMATA, L. One on a lamp at the railway station

(C. W. D.) Probably common, but unobserved.
LARENTIA DIDYMATA, L. Common.

MULTISTRIGARIA, Haw. Not uncommon. Larva on

Asperula cynancliica (N. M. R.)
OLIVATA, Bork. Common and pale in colour.
VIRIDARIA, Fb. Under the prison (C. W. D.) and (J. G. R.)
EMMELESIA UNIFASCIATA, Haw. Imago rarely taken, but larva

common on seeds of Bartsia odontites (N. M. R.)
EUPITHECIA VENOSATA, Fb. Recorded Lep. Dors., p. 31, and Edn.

1891, p. 32, as " Rare " (C. W. D.) Probably on

Silene maritima.

OBLONGATA, Tknb. Occasionally.
SUBFULVATA, Haw. Recorded Lep. Dors., 1891, p. 32,

as "Rare" (C. W. D.)

isoGRzVMMATA, H.-S. Common among Clematis vitalba.
,, SATYRATA, Hb. Taken by (J. G. R.) No other record.

Mistakenly recorded as "Common," Proc. L, 57

(C. W. D.)

CASTIGATA, Hb. Common.
PIMPINELLATA, Hb. Gommon.
CONSTRICT ATA, Gn. Generally distributed and locally

common.

SUBNOTATA, Hb. Chesil Beach. Kot uncommon.
,, VULGATA, Haw. Common.
ALBIPUNCTATA, Haw. Not uncommon. Larva on Elder

leaves. This appears to be an unrecorded food plant

for this species.
EXPALLIDATA, Gn. (J. J. W,), 1886, also by (J. G. R.)

There are many stray plants of golden-rod on the

Undercliff.

1GS PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA.

EUPITHECIA ABSINTHIATA, ClercJc. Larva common on wormwood.

TENUIATA, Hb. Mistakenly recorded as " Common,"

Proc. I., 57. Its food plant, Sallow, is extremely

local. Taken by (C. W. D.)

EXIGUATA, Hb. Two below the Verne, June llth, 1888

(N. M. R.)

PUMILATA, Hb. Common.
CORONATA, Hb. Not uncommon.
RECTANGULATA, L. Common (C. P.)
LOBOPHORA VIRETATA, Hb. One (C. P.)
HYPSIPETES SORDIDATA, Fb. Not uncommon.
MELANTHIA OCELLATA, L. Common.

MELANIPPE PROCELLATA, Fb. Recorded in Proc. I., 57, as " Com-
mon amongst Clematis " (C. W. D.) ; no recent
records.

,, RIVATA, Hb. Scarce.
SOCIATA, Bork. Not uncommon.
MONTANATA, BorJc. Rather scarce.
,, GALIATA, Hb. Common ; the specimens of the second

brood are smaller than those of the first.
,, FLUCTUATA, L. Common.

ANTICLEA RUBIDATA, Fb. Not uncommon.

BADIATA, Hb. Rather scarce (C. P.)
COREMIA DESIGNATA, Hufn. Scarce (C. P.)
FERRUGATA, Clerck. Common.

UNIDENTARIA, IldW. Scarce (C. P.)

CAMPTOGRAMMA BILINEATA, Z. Abundant ; central fascia sometimes

very dark.

FLUVIATA, HI. One on Chesil Beach, June 2nd,

1878 (C. W. D.) ; one near Pennsylvania by Mrs. N.
M. Richardson, October llth, 1894.

PHIBALAPTERYX TERHATA, Hb. Common amongst Clematis vitalla.
VITALHATA, Hb. One by H. J. Sykes, August 13th,

1887.
TRIPHOSA DUBITATA, L. Sometimes not uncommon.

PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA. 169

ClDARIA CORYLATA, Thnb. (C. "W. D.)

TRUNCATA, Hufn. Rather common, but not very variable.

SUFFUMATA, Hb. (C. W. D.)
SILACEATA, Hb. (C. W. D.)

PRUNATA, L. Rather scarce.

TEST ATA, L. Taken by (C. W. D.) ; mistakenly recorded

in Lep. Dors, as " Common."
FULVATA, Forst. Rather common.
DOTATA, L, (^pyraliata, Fb.) Not uncommon.

EUBOLIIM;, Gn.

EUBOLIA CERVINATA, ScUff. One October 18th, 1888 (C. W. D.)

,, LIMITATA, Scop. Common.

PLUMBARIA, Fb. Taken by (C. W. D.)

BIPUNCTARIA, Scliiff. Abundant.
ANAITIS PLAGIATA, L. One (C. P.)

PYRALIDES.

PYRALIDID^E.

CLEDEOBIA ANGUSTALIS,* Schiff. Common ; the lethargic female is

not often captured.
PYRALIS FARINALIS, L. In stables.
SCOP ARIA AMBIGUALIS, Tr. Not uncommon.

,, CEMBR/E, Haw. Local ; strongly marked forms occur.
DUBITALIS, Hb. Abundant. Rather light and usually
very constant. One var. ingratella, Zell. (0. P. C.),
one (N. M. R.), June 28th, 1892 ; one unnamed
var. (0. P. C.) See Fig. 10, Plate Proc. X.,
p. 197.
LINEOLEA, Curt. Scarce.

* NOTE. Cledeobia anguinalis in Proc. L, 57, is a misprint for this
species, and does not refer to Ennychia anguinalis. The records of
P. anguinalis in Lep. Dorset, p. 34, and Edn. 1891, p. 35, are also
doubtful and require confirmation.

170 PORTLAND LEPlDOPTERA.

SCOPARIA MERCURELLA, L. Abundant and very variable from the
ordinary form down to the white-banded var. port-
landica, Dale (formerly known as phceoleuca, Zell.)
with all kinds of intermediate varieties, all more or
less light. Mr. Dale, however, records (Proc. I., 58)
a few specimens of the dark var. concinnella, Curt.,
as taken by his father. (See Proc. XL, pp. 55-58.)
,, CRAT^EGELLA, Hb. In Pennsylvania grounds amongst

elms (C. W. D.)

RESIXEA, Haw. In Pennsylvania grounds amongst elms

(C. W. D.) ; these two species are mistakenly given

by Mr. Dale in Proc. I., 58, as " Abundant " and

" Common."

TRUNCICOLELLA, Sta. One on undercliff, August 3rd,

1886 (E. R. B.)
,, ANGUSTEA, St. The autamn brood common, the summer

brood scarce.

,, PALLIDA, St. Locally common amongst rushes.
NOMOPIIILA NOCTUELLA, Scliiff. Abundant.
PYRAUSTA AURATA, Scop. Rather common.

,, PURPURALIS, L. Not common.
HERBULA CESPITALIS, Scliiff. Common.
ENNYCHIA CINGULATA, L. Rather common.

ENDOTRICHA FLAMMEALIS, Scliiff. Locally common ; the record of
Asopia panealis, W. V., in Proc. L, 58, refers to this
species.

BOTYD^, Gn.

EURRHYPARA URTicATA, L. Not uncommon.
SCOPULA OLIVALIS, Scliiff. Not uncommon.
PRUNALIS, Scliiff. Not uncommon.
FERRUGALIS, Hb. Common ; one of the few species that

may often be taken freely by day in October.
BOTYS FLAVALIS, Scliiff. Taken by J. C. Dale on July 16th, 1839,
also by (J. G. R.) ; Lep. Dors. p. 35, Edn. 1891, p. 36.

PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA. 171

BOTYS RURALIS, Scop. Abundant amongst nettles.

ASINALIS, Hb. Common ; larva on RuUa peregrina , will

eat Galium aparine in confinement.

EBULEA CROCEALIS, Hb. Common amongst Inula dysenterica.
,, VERBASCALIS, ScMff. Taken by (C. W. D.), and recorded

Lep. Dorset, p. 36, Edn. 1891, p. 35, as " Rare."
SAMBUCALIS, Scliiff. Scarce.

SPILODES STICTICALIS, L. Recorded Lep. Dorset, Edn. 1891, p. 36,
as " very rare ;" a single specimen taken by (C. W. D.)
VERTICALIS, L. (cinctalis, Tr.) Not uncommon.
PIONEA FORFICALIS, L. Not uncommon.

STENIIADzE, Gn.

DIASEMIA RAMBURIALIS, Dup. A specimen of this great rarity was
taken by Rev. C. R. Digby, July llth, 1889
(Ent. Monthly Mag. XXV., p. 381)

STENIA PUNCTALIS, Sclriff. Locally abundant, e.g., on the Chesil
Beach on the east side of the railway ; on the west
side it is almost absent. In some parts of Portland
it is also very common.

PTEROPHORI.

CHRYSOCORIDID^:.

CHRYSOCORIS FESTALIELLA, Hb. Common.

PTEROPHORID^E, Zell.
AGDISTIS BENNETII, Curt. Common in all stages on Statice auri-

culcefolia'j rather small and dark compared to the

salt marsh form.
PLATYPTILIA BERTRAMI, Rossi. By J. C. Dale, June 17th, 1829

(C. W. D.)

NOTE. The specimen on which the record of Ebidea, stachydalis in
Lep. Dorset, p. 35, Edn. 1891, p. 36, is founded^ is, in my opinion,
sambiicalis (N. M. R.)

172 PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA.

PLATYPTILIA GONODACTYLA, Schiff. Common amongst coltsfoot.
AMBLYPTILIA ACANTHODACTYLA, Hb. Not uncommon.
OXYPTILUS TEUCRII, Greening. Common.
MIM/ESEOPTILUS PH^ODACTYLUS, Hb. Common.

BIPUNCTIDACTYLA, Haw. Not uncommon. Var.

plagiodactyluS) Sta. Occasionally (C. P.)
,, PTERODACTYLUS, L. Moderately common.

(EDEMATOPHORUS LITHODACTYLUS, Tr. Larva not uncommon on

Inula dysenterica.

PTEROPHORUS MONODACTYLUS, L. Common.
LEIOPTILUS MICRODACTYLUS, Hb. Common amongst Eupatorium

cannabinum.
ACIPTILIA BALIODACTYLA, Zell. Common amongst marjoram.

TETRADACTYLA, L. Recorded Lep. Dorset (C. W. D.)
I think that the occurrence of this species requires
confirmation.
PENTADACTYLA, L. Common.

ALUCITID.E.
ALUCITA HEXADACTYLA, L. Common.

CRAMBI.

CRAMBHLE, Gn.

PLATYTES CERUSSELLUS, Schiff. Abundant.
CRAMBUS FALSELLUS, Schiff. Scarce and local.

PRATELLUS, L. Common.

PERLELLUS, Scop. Rather scarce.

TRISTELLUS, Fb. JSTot uncommon.

., IXQUINATELLUS, Schiff. Common.

SALINELLUS, Tatt. Chesil Beach, local ; larva in roots
of Glyceria maritima.

GENICULEUS, Haw. Common.

CULMELLUS, L. Common, sometimes richly coloured.

HORTUELLUS, Hb* Common.

PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA. 173

PHYCID^E, Gn.
ANERASTIA LOTELLA, Hb. Common amongst marram-grass on

Chesil Beach.

EPISCHNIA BANKESIELLA, Rdsn. Scarce and local. This species, which
I first found and described as new to science in 1887
(Ent. Monthly Mag. XXV., 63 ; Proc. X., 192 and
plate, p. 197, figs. 1, la, Ib ; also XV., 66) has not
yet been recorded from any other part of the world.*
ILYTHYIA SEMIRUBELLA, Scop. Not uncommon below the prison ;

very local.

HOJLEOSOMA SINUELLA, Fb. Generally distributed and locally common.
NIMBELLA, Dup. Larva common in Matricaria

inodora, and some other composite flowerheads.
NEBULELLA, Hb. Two in 1888 and 1889 (C. P.) ;

one in 1894 (N. M. R.)
BIN^EVELLA, Hb. Moderately common.
EPHESTIA ELUTELLA, Hb. Occasionally on the undercliff.

SEMIRUFA, St. One near Pennsylvania, June 29th, 1889
(N. M. R.) The two specimens recorded Proc. I.,
59, as taken by (0. P. C.) were not this species.
EUZOPHERA CINEROSELLA, Zell. Larva common in stems of

Artemisia absynthium.

CRYPTOBLABES BISTRIGA, Haw. One in 1856 (0. P. C.).
GYMNANCYCLA CANELLA, Hb. Larva on Salsola kali, Chesil Beach.
PHYCIS FUSCA, Haw. One June 18th, 1887 (N. M. R.)

,, DILUTELLA, Hb., common. A great range of variation from
typical var. adornatella to specimens closely ap-
proaching the I. of Man var. subornatella.-f (Ent.
Monthly Mag. XXVI., 20, 139.)

* Since the above was written, I took a specimen at Luhvorth, in July,
1896. The species doubtless occurs along the coast towards Swanage
(N. M. R.)

t NOTE. A very worn specimen taken by (C. W. D.) at Portland is
recorded (Proc. I., 59) as P. ornatella, Schiff. It is, in my opinion,
certainly not that species, and may belong to P. pahimbella, Fb., but
its identity is doubtful owing to its condition, (N. M. R.)

174 PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA.

DIORYCTRIA DECURIELLA, Hb. One on the western side of the Bill

June 28th, 1876 (C. W. D.)
RIIOPOPHJEA MARMOREA, Haw. Not uncommon.
ONOCERA AHENELLA, Zinck-, Not uncommon near the rifle

range.
APHOMIA SOCIELLA, L. Rather common locally.

TORTRICES, L.

TORTRICID.E, Gn.
TORTRIX PODANA, Scop. Common.
XYLOSTEANA, L. Common.
SORBIANA, Hb. Recorded Lep. Dorset as " Rare "

(C. W. D.)

ROSANA, L. Not uncommon.
IIEPARANA, Scliiff. Common.
RIBEANA, Hb. Common. T. vibrana (Proc. I., 59), is a

misprint for T. ribeana.
,, UNIFASCIANA, Dup. Common.
,, FORSTERANA, Fb. Not uncommon.
PERONEA SCHALLERIANA, L. Rather scarce.
COMPARANA, Hb. Rather scarce.
,, VARIEGANA, Scliij) '. Common.

HASTIANA, L. Variable ; food plant (sallow) very local.
,, LOGIANA, Scliiff. Larva abundant on Viburnum lantana,
but much ichneumoned ; imago very variable, some-
times with white ground.
,, ASPERSANA,* Hb. Common.
TERAS CONTAMINANA, Hb. Abundant.
DICTYOPTERYX HOLMiANA, L. Moderately common.
BERGMANNIANA, L. Common.

FORSKALEANA, L. Plentiful (C. P.)

ARGYROTOZA CONWAYANA, Fb. Common.

* NOTE. P. ferrugana, W. V., recorded Proc. L, 59, as "Common,"
is probably a mistake for this species which it much resembles.

PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA. 175

PENTHINIM;, Gn.

PENTHINA PRUNIANA, Hb. Abundant. , ,

,, VARIEGANA, Hb. Common.

,, GENTIANA, Hb. Larva not uncommon in stems of teasel.
* SELLANA, Hb. Not uncommon.

SPILONOTID^E, Gn.
HEDYA OCELLANA, Fb. Common.
SPILONOTA INCARNATANA, Hb. Not uncommon amongst Rosa

spinosissima.
TRIMACULANA, Haw. Common (C. P.) Recorded

Proc. I., 59 (C. W. D.)
ROS.ECOLANA, Dbl. Not uncommon.

,, ROBORANA. 2V. Rather common amongst Rosa spin-

osissima, generally of the form with pale brownish
markings on cieam-coloured ground.
PARDIA TRIPUNCTANA, Fb. Common.

SERICORID.E, Gn.

ASPIS UDMANNIANA, L. Common.

SERICORIS LITTORALIS, Curt. Common amongst thrift. As a rule
the ground colour is darker and the markings less
distinct than in Purbeck specimens,
t CESPITANA, Hb. Abundant and variable.

* P.fuligana, Hb., recorded as " Common " in Proc. L, 59, may refer
to this species. Mr. C. W. Dale tells me that he has taken specimens at
Portland, which he referred to the biifjle-feeding fuligana which occurs
in woods in Dorset, but I think that further confirmation is necessary of
its occurrence at Portland (N. M. R. )

NOTE. S. fuligana is recorded by mistake in Lep. Dorset, 1891,
p. 43.

t Sericoris eupkorbiana, FIT., has not, so far as I am aware, occurred
at Portland, the specimen taken there by Mr. C. W. Dale, and referred
by him to tliat species, being, in my opinion, a female of S. cespitana,
(N. M. R.)

176 PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA.

SERICORIS RIVULANA, Scop. (S. conchana, HI).) Recorded as " com-
mon " Proc. I., 59 (C. W. D.) Mr. Dale tells me
that it occurs occasionally towards the Bill, but I
have not myself met with it.
URTICAXA, HI. Not uncommon.
EUCHROMIA ruiiPURANA, Haw. Occasionally common towards the

Bill (C. R. D.) Chesil Beach (E. R. B.)
ORTIIOTVENIA ANTIQUANA, Hb. Recorded as " Rare " Lep. Dorset,

1st Edn., p. 41. (C. W. D.)
STRIANA, Schiff. Rather scarce.

CNEPHASIA MUSCULANA, Hb. Common.
SCIAPHILA* NUBILANA, Hb. Recorded as "Rare" Lep. Dorset, 1st

Edn. (C. W. D.) Under the prison (C. W. D.)
,, ABRASANA, Dup. Recorded in Lep. Dorset, 1st Edn.,
p. 42, as taken by Mr. W. H. Grigg (but it is not
there stated who identified the capture as this very
rare and obscure form).
,, COXSPERSAXA, Dougl. Common on various plants,

including Euphorbia amygdaloides.
SUBJECTANA, Gn. Common.
VIRGAUREANA, Tr. Not uncommon.
CHRYSANTHEANA, Dup. Occasionally on the undercliff

(E. R. B.)
SPHALEROPTERA ICTERICANA, Haw. Abundant.

GRAPHOLITHID^E, Gn.

BACTRA LANCEOLANA, Hb. Locally common among rushes.
ANCHYLOPERA COMPTANA, Frol. Common.
GRAPHOLITHA TRIMACULANA, Don. Not uncommon.

,, N^VANA, lib. Rather scarce.

PJEDISCA CONSEQUANA, H.-S. Larva common on Euphorbia port-
landica.

* The difficulties of this genus are well known, and specimens often
occur which it is almost hopeless to name with certainty.

PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA. 177

P^EDISCA CORTICANA, HI. Scarce. One on July llth, 1889

(N. M. R.)
EPHIPPIPHORA CIRSIANA, Zell. Not uncommon. Larva at base of

stems of Inula dysenterica.
,, PFLUGIANA, Haw. Not uncommon.

,, BRUNNICHIANA, Frol. Common among coltsfoot.

INOPIANA, Haw. Not uncommon.

NIGRICOSTANA, Haw. Larva in stems of Stachys

sylvatica.
TRIGEMINANA, St. Recorded Proc. I., 60, as " Not

common." (C. W. D.)

SEMASIA SPINIANA, Fiscli. Recorded Proc. I., 60 (C. W. D.). It
is not, however, " Common " as there stated. I
am not aware of any recent captures.
RUFILLANA, Will*. Larva common in heads of Dauc.us

carota.

W(EBERiANA, Scliiff. Not common (C. P.)
STIGMONOTA OROBANA, Tr. The moth taken by Mr. J. C. Dale,
May 30th, 1842, and recorded in Proc. I., 60, and
Lep. Dorset, 1st Edn., p. 44, as/S'. interruptana, H.-S.,
and in Lep. Dorset, 2nd Edn., p. 47, as S. dorsana,
Fb., is, in my opinion, undoubtedly a large female
specimen of S. crolana. Though the size (7 lines)
is above that of any orobana that I have measured,
and also 1 line greater than that given in the Ent.
Monthly Mag. X., 148, yet Meyrick in his "Hand-
book of British Lepidoptera " gives the size as 1 2
15mm., 15mm. being rather over 7 lines. Mr.
Bankes tells me that he has in his cabinet two
specimens, " which, though not set flat, measure
jg inch." (jg in. = 6| lines.)

,, COMPOSITELLA, Fb. In fields on the top of Portland

(E. R.B.)

NOTE. Stigmonota nitidana, Fb., was recorded by mistake in Proc. I.,
GO, and Lep. Dorset, 1st Edn., p. 44, but omitted in 2nd Edn,

178 PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA.

STIGMONOTA ROSETICOLANA, Zell. Larva not uncommon in hips of

roses.
DICRORAMPHA PETIVERELLA, L, Recorded Proc. I., 60, as

"Common" (C. W. D.)
PLUMBANA, Scop. One by (E. R. B.) June 28th,

1886.

ACUMiNATANA, Zell. Scarce.

CONSORTANA, St. One on June 5th, 1889

(N. M. R.)

CATOPTRIA ULICETANA, Haw. Recorded as " Very plentiful "
(Entomologist XXII., 57 (C. P.) I know of
no one else who has mat with this common species
at Portland. Colonel Partridge thinks he took it
in the grounds of Pennsylvania Castle, or near the
Bill.
CANA, Haw., Not uncommon.

FULVANA, St. Not uncommon.
,, SCOPOLIANA, Haw. Not uncommon.
C.ECIMACULANA, III. Local, sometimes not uncommon.
EXPALLIDANA, Haw. One beyond Pennsylvania by

(E. R. B.), July 25th, 1890.

,, PUPILLANA, Clerclc. Not uncommon amongst Artemisia
absinthium.

PYRALOIDID^:, Gn.

SIMJETHIS OXYACANTHELLA, L. Abundant on nettle. Also on
Farietaria officinalis. Specimens bred from the
latter plant were desciibed with hesitation by Stain-
ton as a distinct species, S. parietarice. En torn.
Annual, 1855, p. 64.

NOTE. Dicrorampha politana, Gn., was recorded by mistake in Proc.
L, 63, as " Common," but omitted in Lep. Dorset.

NOTE. Dicrorampha simpliciana, Haw., was recorded by mistake
Lep. Dorset, 1st. Edn. p, 45.

PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA. 179

CONCHYLIM;, Gn.

EUPCECILIA MACULOSANA, Haw. One 1888 (C. P.)

,, HYBRIDELLA, Hb. Common. E. sodaliana, Haw,, was

recorded Proc. I., 60, in mistake for this species,
ANGUSTANA, Hb. Recorded Lep. Dorset, 1st Edn,

p. 46 (C. W. D.)

CURVISTRIGANA, WilJc. Three on July 28th, 1887,
and one on July 26th, 1892, among golden rod
(K M. R.)
* AFFINITANA, Dougl. Chesil Beach amongst Aster tripo*

Hum.

NOTULANA, Zell. Larva in stems of Mentha hirsuta, a
very local plant at Portland. It is stated to feed
elsewhere also in Inula dysenterica, but I cannot
find it in this common plant.

,, RUPICOLA, Curt. Common amongst Eupatorium can-
naUnum. The black var. incorrectly mentioned by
me in Proc. XL, 60, as having been taken in Port-
land, by Mr. C. W. Dale, was taken at Glanvilles
Wootton.

,, ROSEANA, Haw, Xot uncommon amongst teasel.
XANTHOSETIA ZOEGANA, L. Rather scarce.

., HAMANA, L. Common.

CHROSIS ALCELLA, ' ScUulz. Abundant.

ARGYROLEPIA SUBBAUMANNIANA, Wilk. Three by (E. R. B.) on
July 10th and 25th, 1890, and July 24th, 1891.
One by (C. R. D.), July 12th, 1889.
ZEPHYRANA, Ti\ Common.

,, BADIANA, Hb. Rather scarce.

CONCHYLIS FRANCILLANA, Fb. Common amongst wild carrot.
,, STRAMINEA, Haw. Not uncommon.

* Specimens of this species were recorded by mistake as E. vectisana,
Westw., in Lep. Dorset, p. 46, and 2nd Edn., p. 49.

NOTE. E. subroseana, Haw., is recorded by mistake in Proc. L, 60,
but omitted in Lep. Dorset (C. W. D.)

180 PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA.

PSYCHID.E, Brd.

TAL^EPORIA PSEUD OBOMBYCELLA, HI. Cases not uncommon on stones.
* FUMBA ROBQRICOLELLA, Brd. (rion. intermediella, Brd.) Common,

Cases abundant on stones.

SOLENOBIA sp. Cases of a SoUnolia occur commonly on lichen
on rocks. In the triangular backwater by Portland
Station these larvae attach themselves to the lichen-
covered pebbles which are submerged at every tide,
and, judging by their numbers, seem to thrive.
There is very little wave motion in this enclosed
space, so that the larvae are not killed by the rolling
of the pebbles. The Portland colony, like the
Purbeck colony (E. R. B.), appears to be composed
entirely of parthenogenetic females, no males having
been obtained by breeding or otherwise. The cases
are unlike those of S. triquetrella, Fisch., and perhaps
belong to an undescribed species.
PSYCHOIDES VERHUELLELLA, Heyd. Common. Larva mining in

leaves and sori of Scolopendrium vulgctre.
OCHSENHEIMERIA BiRDELLA, Curt. Sometimes common in fields on

the top of the cliff.
BLABOPHANES IMELLA, HI. One by Mrs. N. M. Eichardson,

Sept. 6th, 1894.

LOMBARDICA, Hering ( = Heringi, Sta., Rdsn. See

Ent. Monthly Mag. XXIX., 14). Common. This
species, which is allied to ferruginella, Hb., seems to
replace it at Portland, as I have not seen a typical
dark ferruginella from this locality. It is possibly
only a light form of ferruginella, but Major E.
Hering has no doubt of their being distinct.

* This species is recorded by (C. W. D.) Proc. I., 24, under the name
of F. radiella, Curt., and in Entom. XXII., 58, by (C. P.) as F. inter-
mediella, neither of which has occurred at Portland.

PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA. 181

BLABOPHANES RUSTICELLA, Hb. Common in houses (C. W. D.)

Not uncommon elsewhere (N. M. R.)
TINEA TAPETZELLA, L. Common in houses.

PELLIONELLA, L. Common in houses (C. W. D.) Occa-
sionally on the Undercliff (N. M. R.)

FUSCIPUNCTELLA, Haw. In stables (N. M. R.)

,, ARGENTIMACULELLA, Sta. One specimen by (E. R. B.),
July 24th, 1891, which he tells me is certainly
this species and not the next, which it nearly
resembles.

VINCULELLA, H.-S. Larva in a flattish case on lichen on
stones, not uncommon, but hard to find. I have only
once taken the imago, July 18th, 1888. Described
and figured as a new British species in Proc.,
Vol. XVL, 81 (N. M. R.) (See also Ent. Monthly
Mag. XXXL, 61).

,, PALLESCENTELLA, Sta. Chcsil Beach. Rather common
under the Ferry and Railway Bridges, on fish
boxes, &c.

LAPELLA, Hb. Not uncommon.

,, NIGRIPUNCTELLA, Haw. One in Victoria Hotel stables,
August 2nd, 1887 (N. M. R.) Also by (C. W. D.)

,, SUBTILELLA, Fuclis. Rather scarce. The only British
locality. Described and figured as a new British
species, Proc. XII., 161 (N. M. R.) (See also Ent.
Monthly Mag. XXVIL, 14).

TINEOLA BISELLIELLA, Hml. Common in houses (C. W. D.)
LAMPRONIA QUADRIPUNCTELLA, Fb. Larva common in rose
shoots.

MlCROPTERYX CALTHELLA, Sta. Coill 111011.

,, SEPPELLA, Fb. Common.

NEMATOIS CUPRIACELLUS, Hb. One on Undercliff, July 10th, 1890
(E. R. B.)

182 PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA.

HYPONOMEUTID.E, St.

SWAMMERDAMIA coMBiNELLA, Hb. Sparingly (C. P.)
HYPONOMEUTA PADELLUS, L. Common.

CAGNAGELLUS, Hb. Common.

PLUTELLIM1.

PLUTELLA CRUCIFERARUM, Zell. Abundant.

ANNULATELLA, Curt. Larva sometimes common on
Cochlearia, figured in Proc. Vol. XVI., 81. The
Portland form of the imago is the beautiful one
with white ground colour. The latest date of capture
was September 20th, 1887. (N. M. R.)
CEROSTOMA VITTELLA, L. Not uncommon (C. W. D.)
KADIATELLA, Don. Not uncommon.

Sta.
DEPRESSARIA COSTOSA, Haw. Scarce ; one August 4th, 1892

(N. M. R.)
,, FLAVELLA, Hb. Larva not uncommon. Imago by

(E. R. B.), July llth, 1889, Aug. 6th, 1890.
,, NANATELLA, Sta. Common. The Portland form

has rather light hind-wings.
., AREXELLA, ScUiff. Recorded as " Common," Proc. I.,

61 (C.W. D.)
SUBPROPINQUELLA, Sta. Common. Var. rhodochrella

also occurs.

ALSTRCEMERIANA, Clercli. Common.

YEATIANA, Fb. Not uncommon (C. P.)

APPLANA, Fb. Common.

ROTUNDELLA, Dougl. Xot uncommon.

PULCHERRIMELLA, Sta. Recorded Lep. Dorset, 1893,

as " Rare," Portland, Chesil Beach.
,, DTSCIPUNCTELLA. H.-S. Scarce. One May 10th,

1889 (N. M. R.)
HERACLEAXA, De Geer. Not uncommon.

PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA. 183

GELECHIA DIFFINIS, Haw. Common. Larva in Rumex.

* DISTINCTELLA, Zell. Chesil Beach. ' Sometimes common.

BRYOTROPHA TERRELLA, Hb. Abundant.

DESERTELLA, Dougl. Very abundant on Chesil Beach.

SENECTELLA, ZelL Mr. Dale has taken four specimens

near Portland Bill, which appear to belong to this
species (C. W. D.). Recorded Lep. Dorset, 1891,
p. 57. Confirmation is desirable, the specimens not
being in first-rate condition.

f MUNDELLA, Dougl. Common on Chesil Beach,

f UMBROSELLA, Zell. Very common on Chesil

Beach.

,, DOMESTICA, Haw. Not uncommon.

LITA ACUMINATELLA, Sircom. Larva common in leaves of

thistle.
,, COSTELLA, Westw. Larva common in shoots of Solanum

dulcamara.

MACULEA, Haw. One August 7th, 1890 (E. R. B.)
,, SEMIDECANDRELLA, Sta. and Tlirelfall. Chesil Beach. Not

uncommon.

,. LEUCOMELANELLA, Zell. Larva common in shoots of Silene
maritima. Imago sometimes entirely black.

* The record of " G. celerella, Dougl. Chesil Beach by N. Richardson "
in Lep. Dorset, 1891, p. 57, refers to distinctella.

t B. portlandicella, Rdsn. Not uncommon on Chesil Beach. I have
reason to believe that this form, which I described as distinct (Proc. XL,
74, and Ent. Monthly Mag. XXVI., 29), is undoubtedly a variety of
umbrosclla. It appears also to be specifically identical with mundellu,
to which the late Mr. Stainton regarded it as more closely allied than to
umbrosella, thus constituting with them, one variable species. Mr.
Meyrick unites it with mundella in his Handbook.

NOTE. L. artemisiella, Tr. Recorded by mistake Entomologist
XXII., 58 ; Lep. Dorset, 1891, p. 57 (C. P.).

NOTE. L. fraternella, Dougl. Recorded Proc. I., 61, Chesil Beach,
May, 1875, by mistake (C. W. D.)

184 PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA.

LITA MARMOREA, Haw. Abundant on Chesil Beach ; varies from

almost black to very pale.

OBSOLETELLA, Fisch. Chesil Beach. Moderately common.
,, ATRIFLICELLA, Fiscli. Chesil Beach. Common.
,, SALICORNI^E, Hering. Chesil Beach. Larva sometimes com-
mon on Salicornia (N. M. R.) (See accompany-
ing plate.)
INSTABILELLA, Dougl. Chesil Beach. Larva common on

Atriplex portulacoides. (See accompanying plate.)
SILEDELLA, Rdsn. Chesil Beach. Larva abundant on Suceda
fruticosa. (Proc. XV., 64, fig. p. 59, Ent. Monthly
Mag. XXII., 241.)
,, PLANTAGINELLA, Sta. Larva common in roots of Plantago

coronopus (fig. Proc. XV., p. 59).

,, OCELLATELLA, Boyd. Larva common in shoots and leaves
of Beta maritima (fig. Proc. XII., 161, XV.,
p. 59).
TELEIA NOTATELLA, Hb. Rather scarce.

,, FUGITIVELLA, Zell. One on road by Pennsylvania. August

10th, 1892 (N. M. R.)

ARGYRITIS PICTELLA, Zell. Common on Chesil Beach.
NANNODIA STIPELLA, Hb., var. N^EVIFERELLA, Dup. Chesil Beach,

Scarce (N. M. R.).

APODIA BIFRACTELLA, Mann. Amongst Inula dysenterica.
PTOCHEUUSA SUBOCELLEA, St. Common amongst \vild marjoram.
ERGATIS BRIZELLA, Tr. Chesil Beach (N. M. R.)
MONOCHROA TENEBRELLA, Hb. Larva common in roots of

Rumex.
ANACAMPSIS T^ENIOLELLA, Tr. Not uncommon.

,, ANTIIYLLTDELLA, Hb. Common amongst Anthyllis
vulneraria. Larva of second brood in the calyx
tubes feeding on the pods, instead of mining the
leaves like the first brood.

BRACHYCROSSATA CINERELLA, ClercJc. Rather common.
CERATOPHORA RUFESCENS, Haw. Rather scarce.

PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA. 185

* PARASIA CARLINELLA, Dougl. Larva common in heads of Carlina

vulgaris.
ANARSIA SPARTIELLA, Schr. One on Chesil Beach, July 28th, 1888

(N. M. R.)
HYPSILOPHUS SCHMIDIELLUS, Heyd. Larva common in leaves of

Origanum vulgare.
CEcopHORA FUSCBSCBNS, Haw. Not uncommon.

,, PSEUDOSPRETELLA, Sta. Common in houses (C.W.D.)

Occasionally on the undercliff (N. M. R.)
(ECOGENIA QUADRIPUNCTATA, Haw. Common amongst Parietaria

officinalis, &c., specimens richly coloured.
ENDROSIS FENESTRELLA, Scop. Common in houses (C. W. D.)

Rather common on the undercliff (N. M. R.)
BUTALIS SENESCENS, Sta. Common.

FUSCOCUPREA, Haiv. Common. This and the last are

connected by intermediate forms, and may not

improbably form but one species.

LAMINELLA, H.-S. Scarce. A few specimens (N. M. R.)
f SICCELLA, Zell. Common but very local. The only British

locality. (See Proc. IX., 118, and X., fig. p. 197.)

GLYPHIPTERYGIM;, sta.

ACROLEPIA GRANITELLA, Tr. Not uncommon.
GLYPHIPTERYX THRASONELLA, Scop. Common amongst rushes.
,, FISCHERIELLA, Zell. Abundant.

ARGYRESTHIID^E, Sta.
ARGYRESTHIA NITIDELLA, Fb. Common.
,, ALBISTRIA, Haw. Common.

* P. lapella, L., was recorded Proc. I., p. 61., in mistake for this
species.

t B. variella, Steph., recorded Proc. I., 62, and Lep. Dorset 1st Edn.,
p. 55, refers to this species.

NOTE. B. fuscoceneella, Haw., recorded Lep. Dorset, 1891, p. 61, is
a mistake.

186 PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA.

ARGYRESTHIA MENDICA, Haw. Not uncommon.

PYGM^EELLA, HI). Recorded as " Common," Proc. I.,

62 (C. W. D.), but its food-plant, sallow, is exceed-
ingly local.

GRACILARIID^E, Sta.

GRACILARIA STJGMATELLA, Fb. Recorded as " Common," Proc. I.,
62 (C. W. D.), but its food-plant, sallow, is exceed-
ingly local.

,, TRINGIPENNELLA, Zell. Not uncommon.
SYRINGELLA, Fb. Common.

CORISCIUM CUCULIPENNELLUM, Hb. Larva common in cones on privet.
ORNIX ANGLICELLA, Sta. Common.

,, TORQUILELLA, Sta. Larva not uncommon on sloe.

COLEOPHORIDJE, Sta.
COLEOPIIORA FABRICIELLA, VilL A few specimens amongst clover

near Pennsylvania, July llth, 1890 (N. M. R.),

also by (E. R. B.), and (C.R.D.)
DEAURATELLA, Lien. Recorded Lep. Dorset 1891, p. 64,

as Rare (C. W. D.) I have taken it on the shore

of the Fleet at Chickerell.
FRISCHELLA, L. ( = meUlotella, Scott). The food

plant, melilot, extends along the railway on the

Chesil Beach, and I have taken a few specimens on

it. Recorded Proc. I., 62, as " very rare." A few

specimens by Mr. J. C. Dale on July llth, 1831.

It was at that time supposed to be a different species

from melilotella.

NoiE.Gracilaria alchimiella. Scop.l The records of these two species
... . _ \ in Proc. I., 62 (C. W. D.) are
semifascia, Haw.J erroneous.

NOTE. Colcophora alcyonipennella, Kol., is recorded Lep. Dorset,
1891, as Rare (C. W. D.) Mr. E. R. Bankes has taken this species on
the mainland near Sandsfoot Castle, but Mr. Dale thinks that its
occurrence at Portland requires confirmation.

PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA. 187

COLEOPHORA BINOTAPENNELLA, Fisch. Chesil Beach. The larva,
which is common, mining in SaUcornia, does not
construct a case until nearly full-fed. When full-
fed, it crawls in its case down to the surface of
the mud. in which it spins its cocoon at a little
depth, leaving its empty case sticking up at the
surface.

LIXELLA, Zell. Common.

ANATIPENNELLA, HI. Rather scarce.

,, DISCORDELLA, Zell. Common.

TROGLODYTELLA, Dup. Common on Inula dysenterica.

MURINIPENNELLA, Fisch. Rather scarce.

C^ESPITITIELLA, Zell. Very local. Amongst rushes.

,, FLAVAGINELLA, Zell. Common on Suceda inaritima.
The larvse fasten their cases to the stems of this,
and occasionally of Suceda fruticosa, &c., for hiber-
nation.

LARIPENNELLA, Zett. Common on Chesil Beach.

SALINELLA, Sta. Chesil Beach. Larva common on
A triplex portulacoides.

,, ARGENTULA, Zell. Moderately common (C. P.)

TRIPOLIELLA, Hodgn. Common in flowers of Aster
tripolium. Chesil Beach.

,, YIRGAURE^E, Sta. Common in flovvers of golden rod
(Solidago mrgaured), which is not an abundant
plant at Portland, though generally distributed on
the Undercliff.

ALBITARSELLA, Zell. Larva common on Origanum
vulgare.

,, GRYPHIPENNELLA, Bouclie. Larva not uncommon on
rose, especially Rosa spinosissima.

NOTE. C. therinella, Tgstr. I once beat a case (apparently from
wormwood !) which seemed to belong to this species, but further confir-
mation is necessary before it can be admitted into the list.

188 PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA.

ELACHISTID^E, Sta.
BEDELLIA SOMNULENTELLA, Zell. Larva on Convolvulus arvensis,

autumn, 1895 (N. M. R.)

CHAULIODUS DAUCELLUS, Pey. Larvae sometimes very abundant on
Daucus carota (e.g. in 1894 and -5) ; sometimes very
scarce ; occasionally also on Pimpinella saxifraga.
CH2EROPHYLLELLUS, Goze. Recorded Lep. Dorset,
p. 60 (Edn. 1891, p. 67), as "Rare" (C. W. D.)
LAVERNA MISCELLA, Scliiff. Common on Helianthemum vulgare.

EPILOBIELLA, Schr. Recorded Proc. I., 62, as " Not

common" (C. W. D.)

AXTISPILA PFEIFFERELLA, Hb. Larva abundant on dogwood (Cor-
nus sanguined), fixing its case for pupation to the
under-side of stones.

TREiTSCHKiELLA,jFYsc7i. Recorded Lep. Dorset, 1891, p. 68,

"byJ.C.Dale." Also one specimen taken July 8th, 1888

(N. M. R.) Apparently much scarcer than pfeifferella.

* ELACHISTA GLEICHENELLA, Fb. Recorded Lep. Dorset, p. 60, " by

J. C. Dale on July 16th, 1839, amongst Carices"
ATRICOMELLA, Sta. Scarce. Near Pennsylvania,

August 2nd, 1888, and July 3rd, 1889 (N. M. R.)
CINEREOPUNCTELLA, Haw. Recorded Lep. Dorset,

p. 59, as "Rare"(C. W. D.)
STABILELLA, Sta. Not uncommon.

NIGRELLA, Hb. Common.

BEDELLELLA, Sircoin. Recorded Lep. Dorset, 1891,

p. 69, as " Rare " (C. W. D.)
OBSCURELLA, Sta. Scarce (N. M. R.)

In this obscure and little known genus it is difficult to ensure
accuracy it is indeed probable that the British species are not yet all
defined. Mr. C. W. Dale records, besides those in the above list,
serricornis (Proc. I., 62), triatomea and collitella (Lep. Dorset, p. 59),
the latter being, he informs me, a mistake for pollinariella. I think that
confirmation of the occurrence of the two former is desirable before
including them in the list

PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA. 189

ELACHISTA ZONARIELLA, Tgstr. Not uncommon (N. M. R.).

BIATOMELLA, Sta. Recorded Proc. I., 62, as " Rare. The
last specimen taken by (C. W. D.), Sept. llth, 1875."
It is a little uncertain whether the species which occurs
at Portland is Uatomella or triatomella, as the specimens
are not labelled. Possibly both may be there. Biatomella
occurs in similar spots in Purbeck, but not triatomella.

., POLLINARIELLA, Zell. Common.

,, ARGENTELLA, Clerck. Abundant.
TISCHERIA MARGINEA, Haw. Common.

LITHOCOLLETID^E, St.

LITHOCOLLETIS LANTANELLA, Sclir. Larva not uncommon in Vibur-
num lantana.

POMIFOLIELLA, Zell. Common in hawthorn.

,, SPINICOLELLA, Kol. Common in sloe.

,, MESSANIELLA, Zell. One on the undercliff on October

18th, 1S87 (N. M. R.)

VIMINIELLA, Sircom. Mines occur on sallow, which

may possibly be those of salicicolella, but as
ciminiella seems to be the only species in the
sallows about Weymouth, as well as in Purbeck,
it is more probable that it is the species at
Portland. Confirmation by breeding is necessary.

TRIFASCIELLA, Haw. Larva not uncommon in

honeysuckle.

LYONETIID^E, Sta.

CEMIOSTOMA LABURNELLA, Heyd> One near Pennsylvania, August
8th, 1887. It is almost impossible to distinguish
between the imagines of this species and spartifoliella,
but the probabilities seem in favour of this specimen
being laburnella.

OPOSTEGA SALACIELLA, Tr. Recorded Lep. Dorset, p. 57 (Edn.
1891, p. 71), as "Rare" (C, W. D.)

190 PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA.

BUCCULATRIX MARITIMA, Sta. Common on Aster tripolium.
. Chesil Beach.

NEPTICULID.E, Sta.

JSiEPTicuLA ANOMALELLA, Guze. Recorded by mistake in Lep.
Dorset, 1st. Edn., p. 56, but omitted in 2nd Edn.
One bred August 20th, 1891, by (E. R. B.). The
larva, mine and cocoon, cannot be separated from
those of centifoUella, though the imago is quite
different, and with this one exception nothing but
centifoUella has been bred from larvae collected at
Portland. Mr. Bankes, however, feels certain that
no accidental mistake has occurred in the case of his
specimen, which was bred with numerous centifoUella
from wild rose, doubtless wild sweetbriar (Rosa
ruliginosa), but possibly another kind growing near
it. Probably anomalella occurs, as elsewhere, on
cultivated roses.

,, PYGM.EELLA, Haio. Larva common on hawthorn.

CRYPTELLA, Sta. Larva on Lotus corniculatus. The
imago can be taken by sweeping the plant.

,, SALICIS, Sta. Larva on sallow. Rather scarce. Food
plant very local.

POTERII, Sta. Larva common but local on Poterium
sanguisorba.

IGNOBILELLA, Sta. Larva on hawthorn.

ACETOS^E, Sta. Larva common on Rumex acetosella.

,, PLAGICOLELLA, Sta. Larva moderately common on
sloe.

PRUNETORUM, Sta. Larva abundant on sloe, but some-
what local.

ANGULIFASCIELLA, Sta. Larva on Rosa spinossima, &c.
Moderately common.

,, CENTIFOUELLA, Zell. Larva rather common on Rosa
ruUginosa, (See under N, anomalella.)

PORTLAND LEPIDOPTERA.

191

NEPTICULA FRAGARIELLA, Heyd. Larva moderately common on

bramble.

SPLENDIDISSIMELLA, H.-S. One bred March 13th, 1896,
from larva in bramble collected September, 1895
(N. M. R,)

The following table shews the number of species in the above
list :

Rhopalocera

Pyralides

Sphinges

Pterophori

Bombyces

Crambi

Noctuse

119

Tortrices

Geometrse

Tinese

157

Total

599

Jflint Implements
Jfounb at fJorteBham liming 1894 mib 1895.

By Mr. E. CUNNINGTON.

3THE Ordnance Map before us will easily show where
these flints were found : On the steep side of the
narrow valley, down which runs the road from
Winterbourne. It appears to have been originally
a natural depression, or pot-hole, in the chalk,
taken advantage of by the stone implement maker
as a nice cosy sheltered spot for his operations.
Many centuries went by, and the depression was
filled up by accumulations caused by rain and falling materials from
above.

Of late years this particular swallow-hole was undermined by
quarrying work, and the flints gradually fell out to the lower level.
These depressions are very common in the chalk, and may be
seen often by the side of railway cuttings and chalk quarries ; they
arc original irregularities caused by the upheaval of the chalk, and
are usually filled by a dark brown clay, the result of rain washing
the chalk down from higher ground, and this charged with excess
of carbonic acid derived from decaying vegetable matter.

There is a large one on Poundbury Farm, where I have dug out
the specimens before you, of Roman and earlier remains. Some-
times chalk fossils drop into these swallow-holes, and get coloured

FLINT IMPLEMENTS FOUND AT PORTESHAM. 193

by the same process. I have, by the use of sulphuric acid, turned
them from brown to pristine white again.

These implements have been before Sir Joseph Prestwich and
other professors, who agree that they are of Neolithic origin, and
most of them in the early stage of making ; many of the chips
broken off in making are found with them. One is a fine celt, fit
for use and well made.

As I wish them to be permanently where the public can inspect
this fine lot of interesting implements, I leave them in the posses-
sion of the County Museum.

dcologu of the Jtortcshmn District.

By Rev. OSMOND FISHER, F.G.S.

3TUIESE worked flints were found by Mr. Edward
Cunnington, of Weymouth, in a large pot-hole, or
" pipe," in the neighbourhood of the village of
Portesham, in Dorset. After I had been shown
them I visited the place where they had been
found, and I will endeavour to describe it.

A long range of chalk hills, known as Ridgway,
forms the northern boundary of the Weymouth
Oolitic Rocks, which are brought up against the chalk by a great
fault. The chalk along this range is very much disturbed, and
often vertical, and in places some patches of lower tertiaries are
involved in the disturbance, and owe their preservation from
denudation to this fact. These tertiaries consist chiefly of flints
and sandy clay. The flints are many of them large and only
slightly worn. They are much bleached throughout and contain
often casts of shells. I am not acquainted with any place where
similar flints occur in situ in the chalk, but they are found in great
upland gravel deposits in many parts of the south-west, notably on
Haldon Hill, near Exeter.

The highest point of Ridgway is Blackdovrn, and it is capped
by a patch of these tertiaries. Upon it stands the Hardy

GEOLOGY OF THE PORTESHAM DISTIIICT. 195

Monument. On the western side of this eminence great masses of
flints, cemented together by a silicious matrix, are scattered here
and there upon the plateau. With some of them the Dolmen,
called the Hellstone, has been constructed, around which many
boulder-like masses lie. There is a great trail of them in a comb
to the north called Bride Bottom, recalling to mind the Marl-
borough wethers ; and there are numbers of them in the valley to
the south in the street of the village of Portesham. These
boulder-like masses many of them weigh many tons are
clearly the remains of a former extension of the tertiaries, which
the denuding agency, whatever that was, found too massive to
remove.

It must have been before the removal of the tertiary gravel that
the pot-hole was formed where the worked flints were found. The
present exposure is on the steep side of the narrow valley, down
which runs the road from Winterbourne, and is close to the 532-
foot bench mark on the six-inch map. The pot-hole is exposed in
a section about 40 feet high, in the steep side of the down, which
consists of lower chalk, devoid of flints. Consequently the flints
which fill the pot-hole cannot have been derived by solution
of the chalk in situ. Moreover, their peculiar character proves
that they once formed a portion of the tertiary gravel of the
district.

Seeing that a pot-hole, or pipe, is due to the percolation of
water, it cannot have been formed on a steep slope. We are
carried back, therefore, to a far distant time, before this valley
was eroded, and when the chalk had a level surface covered by
a spread of tertiary gravel.

Such pot-holes are natural museums in which relics of the old
covering are preserved. In the neighbourhood of Dorchester, on
bare chalk hills, we find them filled with tertiary clays and sands.
Near Lenham, in Kent, they contain remnants of pliocene
fossils.

There does not seem, however, any reason to believe that these
worked flints were originally part of the contents of the pot-hole,

196 GEOLOGY OF THE TORTESHAM DISTRICT.

for there is no proof that they were found in undisturbed ground.
It is more probable that the steep side of the comb having exposed
a section of the pipe, large flints were easily obtainable, and the
flint workers resorted to the place accordingly. The same deposit
is still worked for gravel in a pit close by.

port on teerbation* of the Jfirst

of f irbs, Insects, #c., anb the
Jfirst Jflofoering of plants

IN DORSET DURING
1895.

By NELSON M. RICHARDSON, B.A., F.E.S.

ITS HE names of those who have this year sent in returns
are as follows ; they are denoted in the Report by
initials :

(J. C. M.) J. C. Mansel-Pleydell, WhatcomLe,

near Blandford.
(N.M.R.) N. M. Richardson, Montevideo,

near Weymouth.
(E. R. E.) E. R. Bankes, The Rectory, Corfe Castle, near

Wareham.
(0 P. C.) Rev. 0. P. Cambridge, Blox worth Rectory, near

Wareham.

(II. J. M ) H. J. Moule, Dorchester.
(T. R. A.) T. R. Atkinson, Sherborue.
(J. M.) Job Mullins, Wylde Court, Hawkchurch.
(E. S. R.) E. S. Rodd, Chardstock House, Chard.
(G, H.) G. Hibbs, Bere Regis.

198 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.

(D. C.) D. Curme, Cliilde Okeford, near Blandford.

(S. C.) S. Creed, Cheddington, Misterton.

(Miss P.) Miss Payne, Weymouth.

(H. S. G.) H. S. Gray, Rushmore (Wilts).

(IT. S. E.) H. S. Eaton (Notes from Portisbam).

(G. B. L.) Rev. G. B. Lewis. Broadstone.

Three of last year's observers Lave sent no returns, viz. : Col. F.
J. Stuart and Jas. Andrews (J. A.) (one observation only), both of
whom have left their former places of residence, and Rev. Canon
R. F. Wheeler.

RARE BIRDS IN 1895. A few rare birds are mentioned in the
returns.

LESSER SPOTTED WOODPECKER. One was seen and closely
watcli2d for some time in an oak coppice near Corfe Castle by Rev.
E. II. Greenhow on January 4th. It was busily engaged in
cracking the round oak-galls. (E. R. B.)

GREATER SPOTTED WOODPECKER. A female specimen was
picked up dead near Rempstone, Corfe Castle, on February 16th
during the Great Frost, and is now in the collection of
(E. R. B.).

BITTERN. One was shot by Mr. W. Edmunds,* at Coombe
Farm. Langton Matravers, near Swanage, on January 22nd, and
recorded in The Field of February 2nd. One is reported in the
Dorset County Chronicle of January 17th, to have been shot by
Mr. B. Bird, of Wyke Regis, Weymouth, just previously.
(E. R. B.)

AMERICAN YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO (Cuculus Americanus). A
specimen of this N. American species was observed during several
months in the garden of Mr. W. Colfox, of Westmead, Bridport,
and was eventually picked up there dead on October 5th. Its skin,
beautifully stuffed, was exhibited by its owner at the meeting on
December 13th, at the County Museum. The bird showed no

* I learn from Mr. Edmunds that tins is the specimen referred to at
page 185 of Vol. XVI., which was erroneously stated to have been shot
in December, 1894, instead of January, 1895. (N. M. R.)

FIRST APPEARANCES OP BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 199

signs of having been kept in captivity. This is only the sixth
recorded occurrence of the species in this country. Its appearance
is noted in the October number of the Zoologist. Its note was
something like that of the Green Woodpecker.

PIED FLYCATCHER. Warm well, March 1st (F. 0. P. Cambridge)
(J. C. M. P.).

SNOW BUNTING. Shot at Kimmeridge, November 29th
(J. C. M. P.).

TWITE. Flocking with GIRL BUNTINGS at Lyme Regis, in
February (Miss Lister).

WATER RAIL. One at Kimmeridge, December 16th. (J.C.M.P.).

GREAT BLACK-BACKED GULL. A female was caught in a trap at
Winterbourne Whitechurch, a distance of about 16 miles from the
sea, the weather being wet and stormy. (J. C. M. P.).

QUAIL. Two frequented the park at Whatcombe in the early
part of July for a few days and then disappeared. (J. C. M. P.).

LITTLE CRAKE. A specimen of the Olivaceous Gallinule of
Bewick, seen at Hay ward Bridge near Shillingstone. (D. C.).

The following white varieties have been noticed :

HOUSE SPARROW. A white variety was repeatedly seen with
others of the ordinary colour in the stubbles after harvest at
Portisham. (H. S. E.)

BULLFINCH. Two white varieties were shot at the same time
about the middle of November by Mr. Wm. B. Knight, of
Axminster. Each specimen had the breast shaded with brick
colour at the sides. Mr. Mullins refers to the occurrence some
years ago of two white swallows with pink eyes (albino) near
Beaminster, now in the possession of Mr. Peat of that town,
and notices that their flight was weaker than that of normal
specimens.

Dr. Curme mentions that he saw 13 cuckoos together in one
field on April 19th, and flocks of finches and bramblings on
January 8th.

Mr. E. R. Bankes gives the following observations on birds and
squirrels during the Great Frost, January -February, 1895 :

200 FIRST APPEARANCES OP BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.

ROOKS KILLING AND EATING SMALL BIRDS. In February two
rooks lived for a long time close to Corfe Castle Rectory,
constantly walking about the lawn and frequenting the gravelled
terrace just outside the dining-room window, where I several
times actually saw them eating crumbs of bread, * &c., that
had been put out for other birds. At last hunger made one or
both murderers, for one of them killed a small bird close to the
window, and carrying it off, devoured it in a tree close by, and a
day or two later one of them killed and ate a starling near our
front door ; probably they demolished other small birds in like
manner, but were not seen in the act. In both cases under notice,
the victim was apparently quite strong and healthy, and by no
means in a dying condition.

A CANNIBAL STARLING. Mr. W. A. Rixon, of the Manor House,
Corfe Castle, tells me that at Morden, near Wareham, he saw a
starling attack another starling, which may have been weak and
starving, but was certainly still alive, and peck fiercely at its eyes.
On driving off the murderer, he found that it had already entirely
pecked out one of its victim's eyes, which it had doubtless
devoured.

TAMENESS OP JAY. From February 11-1 7th, a jay, which had
frequented the shrubbery at Corfe Castle Rectory for some time
previously, several times came on to the terrace close to the dining-
room window, and I actually saw it eat some of the bread crumbs,
&c., put out for the birds.

GREEN WOODPECKERS ATTACKING BEEHIVES. At Mr. R. Diffey's
cottage at Morden, near Corfe Castle, green woodpeckers, driven
by hunger, pecked holes about 2 inches in diameter, and reaching
to the inner comb, right through the backs, a little above the
wooden stands of three straw-skip hives, in order no doubt to get
at the bees. Not believing at first that woodpeckers could be the
culprits, Mr. Diffey set a trap and caught one flagrante delido, and

* Rooks and starlings not infrequently eat crumbs on my lawn when
short of food. (N. M. R.)

FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.

201

I understand that others were subsequently seen pecking away at
the hives.

SQUIRRELS NOT HIBERNATING. Squirrels are often supposed to
hibernate in the winter, and perhaps do so in some parts of the
country, but I have seen no evidence of such a habit in our
district, where they may be constantly noticed throughout the
winter, not only on bright sunny days but at all times. On some
of the very coldest and dullest days in the middle of the Great
Frost of February, they were seen running about our lawn and
shrubbery. (E. R. 13.)

Turning now to the lists themselves I note that they have been
satisfactorily filled up by several observers, whilst some only con-
tribute three or four observations altogether. The value of these is
much increased if the observer keeps year after year to the same
species. The dates in different years can then be compared
together and conclusions deduced from them, but if four birds are
observed this year and four different ones next year, and so on, it
is a much more difficult matter to make any comparison between
them.

An analysis of the observations made on birds during the last
four years shows that they are distributed as follows. After the
name of each bird are given the number of observations on it in
each of the years 1892, 3, 4, 5, and finally the total. It will be
seen that the swallow and cuckoo are the most universally noted.

Swallow

Fieldfare

Cuckoo

3(5

Willow Wren

Swift

Whitethroat

Nightingale
Wheatear

6
6

4
5

7
(i

7
5

Rook
Woodcock . .

it
2

5
4

5
2

10
10

Chiffchaff .

Wryneck

Nightjar

Sandmartin

Skylark

Redwing

Turtledove

Redstart . .

Corncrake

Red-backed Shrike

Flycatcher
Blackbird ..

3
1

5
5

13
13

No. of Observers . .

202 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.

With regard to the continuous annual observation by the same
person, the Redwing, though only recorded 7 times in the 4 years,
is noted in each year by (J. C. M. P.) and twice by (S. C). ; the
Sandmartin (8 times altogether) is noted 4 times by (J. C. M. P.)
and 3 times by (E. R. B.) ; this being a local bird, but very easily
observed when it occurs. The Redstart on the contrary being a
scarce bird is only noted twice each by (N. M. R.) and (J. M), and
is of almost as little use as the Red-backed Shrike for phenological
purposes. This last bird has only been observed once, and is either
very rare in Dorset or very little known, probably the latter, as in
" Birds of Dorset " it is stated that " it breeds here regularly, and
may often be seen in our orchards and hedgerows."

I would suggest that observers should be especially careful with
regard to the swallow, cuckoo, and other birds that receive most
general attention, and similarly with the plants and insects.
With regard to the table on p. 186 of the last volume (XVI.) I ma>
mention that the conclusions there come to are fully confirmed by
this year's observations, the cuckoo arriving first at Whatcombe,
then at Bloxworth and Corfe Castle, and last at Weymouth.

The dates of the birds are, on the whole, distinctly earlier than
in 1894; the cuckoo, however, is four days later, but the record in
1894 (March 31st) was very exceptional. The record of a swallow
at Bere Regis (G. H.) on March 10th is likewise very exceptional,
the next date being April 5th at Corfe Castle and Sherborne.

Some of the insects, &c., are not of great value for phenological
purposes, as they are so little observed, and the dates consequently
show alarming discrepancies; e.g. t rose beetle, August 5th, 1894, and
May 22nd, 1895, both at Corfe Castle. (E. R. B.) No one else
has even noticed the insect at all in the two years, though it is not,
as a rule, a rare species. Insects are, however, the most liable of any
of the objects in our list to years of great abundance and scarcity,
and there are comparatively few which are at all regular in their
numbers. The date (March 17th) given by (G, H,) and (S. C.) for
the appearances of the Painted Lady Butterfly is a very early one, and
the locality, " Fluttering in a church window " (S. C.), so suggestive

FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 203

of the small Tortoiseshell, which often hibernates in churches, that
I cannot help thinking the records may refer to that species. I
am not prepared to say that the Painted Lady does not hibernate
in this country, but the fact has been seriously questioned and
there can be no doubt that large immigrations occasionally take
place in the spring.

Very few observers notice the currant or magpie moth, which
is an abundant and unmistakable species appearing in June or
July.

The dates of the flowers show a most striking difference from
those given in 1894 ; for up to June all the earliest Dorset records
are later, frequently about a month later than in 1894, whereas in
and after June they are considerably earlier than in 1894. This is
also the case to a less noticeable extent with the insects. These facts
would suggest that the migratory birds are not influenced by tho
temperature in this country, they having been, as above mentioned,
earlier in arriving than in 1894, in contradistinction to the spring
plants, which, doubtless owing to the weather, were considerably
later. Not knowing the state of the weather further south in the
early part of 1895, I cannot do more than suggest this as a point
for the consideration of anyone who has the time and opportunity
to investigate it.

The following note, entitled " Jottings on Insect Life in Purbeck
and Neighbourhood in 1895," has been sent by Mr. E. R.
Bankes :

" As regards insect life in 1895, I was able to do only a small amount
of collecting and observation, but the season seemed to be a most peculiar
one, some species being exceptionally plentiful, whilst numbers of them
were much scarcer than usual or only conspicuous by their apparent
absence. On the whole, the Lepidoptera seemed but poorly represented :
of Colias edusa* (the "Clouded Yellow "), which was common in some
parts of the South Coast, I was disappointed to see only seven specimens,
but Vanessa atalanta (the " Red Admiral ") abounded, whilst from the
beginning of September onwards Phisia gamma (the " Silver Y moth ")

* Only one specimen of Colias edusa noted during 1895, viz., on
August 18th, at Chickerell (N, M. E.).

201 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.

and Stenopteryx hybridalis swarmed everywhere. One or two Sphinx
convolvuli * (the " Convolvulus Hawk-moth ") were seen in our garden
at night, but escaped capture. Of the Bymenoptera, the large and
formidable-looking Sawflies, Sirex gigas and S. juvenciis, harmless
enough to us, but so destructive in their larval stage to timber, were both
met with in Purbeck, whilst at Sherford Bridge, some three miles to the
north of Wareham, the larvae of the smaller Hemichroa rufa occurred in
such truly prodigious numbers that for about the distance of 150 yards
or more, out of two rows of very fine alder bushes about 15 to 20 feet
high, growing on either side of the stream, almost every single alder
bush had been entirely stripped by them of leaves when I visited the
spot on September 26th, and hundreds of larvae were still wandering
about the bare stems and branches in search of food. Of the Coleoptera,
the larvie of Melolontha vulgaris (the Cock-chafer) were exceedingly
abundant in grass land in the autumn, and the rooks, finding this out
about September, used to move about in flocks from one spot to another,
and in certain patches, varying in size, but generally more or less
circular and perhaps a couple of yards in diameter, pulled up all the
herbage by the roots in order to get at the larvae the more easily,
leaving the patches of bare earth covered only by the heaps of uprooted
grass plants. I have myself never seen, nor can I hear that others have
seen, the grass fields left in such a state before, and a neighbouring
farmer, with no great extent of grazing-land, assured me that he had
had acres upon acres of grass destroyed in this way by the rooks, which
had done far more damage than the larva? would ever have done. This
same phenomenon was also observed in other parts of the country, and
Lord Walsingham tells me that on parts of his estate at Merton, in Nor-
folk, the same effect was produced, only there, curiously enough, the bare
patches, instead of being due to the rooks, were caused by the pheasants,
which are very numerous, in their search for the cock-chafer larvae."

* The occurrence of the larva of S. convolvuli in this country has been
very rarely recorded, so that the finding of two larvae in the allotment
grounds of Chickerell is of great interest. Convolvulus arvensis grows
there amongst the potatoes, &c., in great profusion, so that the
larvae would not lack food. One of these larvae was brought to me
on September 29th, and buried itself to turn to a pupa on October 1st,
the other arriving a few days later. I regret to say that neither of them
emerged. The moths are not uncommon, but are almost always, it is
believed, immigrants from abroad. I have never seen a larva before,
though I generally have one or two of the moths brought to me every
year. A few other larvae were recorded from Cornwall, &c., about the
same date. (N, M. K.)

FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 205

Mr. S. Creed (CHEDDINGTON) sends the following list of wild
plants observed by him in flower between Christmas and New
Year's Day :

"Gorse in abundance, Primrose, Blue Violets, Thistle, Charlock,
Forget-me-not, Herb Robert, White and Red Archangel, Chick-
weed, Groundsel, Daisy, Dandelion, Robinhood, Crowfoot, Straw-
berry, Periwinkle, Heartsease, Yarrow, Corn Feverfew, and Lesser
Hawkweed." Compare "Purbeck Wild Flowers in December,
1888," Proc., Vol. XL, p. 82.

I append the following tables, to which I have added for
convenient reference a column of the earliest recorded appearances,
&c., in the whole of Dorset :

auojepTSOig

'a *a

N. Nesting. E. First Egg. S. Song first heard. Y. Young Birds hatched. L. Last seen.
(1) Rare at Chickerell. (2) More numerous than formerly. (3) Four on Beaminster Down. (4) Rarely seen here. (5) Only observed once this year.
(6) May 10 by Miss Payne at Weymouth ; May 14 by N. M. R. (7) Six observed.
WEYMOUTH. Absent from home Ap. 18 May H. Some observations late (N. M. R.)
CORFE CASTLE. House Martin Ap. 17 (E. R. B.) STUDLAND. Redstart Ap. 19 (A. E. Bankes).
BLOXWORTH. Great Tit. First saw-sharpening note, Feb. 22 ; Turdus viscivorus (Missel Thrush), Afar. 9, S. (O. P. C.)
^.. PORTISHAM. White Sparrow repeatedly seen with others in the stubbles after harvest (H. S. E.)

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, etc,, in jgorsrct in 1895,

By H. S. EATON

(Past President of the Royal Meteorological Society ).

'INGE Last year observations of rainfall have been dis-
continued at Blandford St. Mary, Godmanstone
Manor, Smedmore, and Swanage (The Bank) ;
and none have been received from Poole
(West Street). Fresh stations have been
established at Bere Regis (Vicarage), Broad-
windsor (Blackdown House), Buckhorn Weston
(Rectory), Dorchester (Waterworks), Power-
stock (West Mellow), Shaftesbury (Cottage
Hospital), and Winterborne St. Martin (Clandon House). At the
end of the year returns were made to the Club from 38 stations in
the county, being an increase of two over 1894.

The gauge at Dorchester occupies very nearly the same position
as one in operation from 1865 to 1872, and consequently affords a
valuable connecting link arid means of comparison between the
observations now taken and those of the earlier years. With the
exception of Bloxworth Rectory and Binnegar Hall daily returns
have been received from all the stations on the forms issued by the
Club. The names of the observers and stations and the monthly
depth of rain are included in Table I.

RAINFALL IN DORSET.

211

The approximate elevation of the receiving surfaces of the
gauges above the ground and their height above sea-level is given
in Table II. ; also the depth of rain in the year, the difference
from the average and ratio to the average, the days of rain
Olin. and more, days with 'Olin. only, days with at least lin., and
finally the greatest depth of rain in one day with the date.

At none of the Dorset stations did the total rainfall reach lin.
in February, May, and September ; and only twice since the
commencement of observations in 1848 has the monthly rainfall
been less than in February or under *10in. In 1865 September was
rainless. Of the 12 gauges then at work the returns from 7 were
00. The water collected in the other 5 was the product of either
dew or mist. In February 1891 there were 34 gauges at work.
Fogs were prevalent, and there was slight rain on the 14th of
the month : but no rain was recorded by 12 of the observers;
and in February 1895 the schedules of 5 of the 37 are with-
out an entry of rain, yet in view of the great differences under
the head of days of rain of '01 in. only (Table II.) it is almost
certain that in many cases slight falls of rain and snow have not
been registered.

The subjoined comparison for the three months shows that the
drought was most severe in September, 1865 :

Number

Average

Stations

Station with the

Date.

Deposition

without

Greatest Amount of

Stations.

of Water.

Rain, etc.

In.

1865, September . .

013

Dorchester '06

1891, February
1895, February

028
057

12
5

Bere Regis '10
Haselbury Bryan '35

In May the country suffered greatly from drought. There was a
complete absence of rain in the 28 days ending the 29th at 24 of
the stations in the central and western districts. The little rain
that fell in the interval at the remaining 13 stations was practically
confined to the east. The average number of rainy days this
month was 2 -7.

212 RAINFALL IN DORSET.

Although the rainfall in September did not reach lin. at any
Dorset station, it must have exceeded that amount in some places
during a thunderstorm on the night of the 6th-7th, when I'GOin.
was measured at Larmer and l'59in. at Rushmore. On this
occasion the heaviest falls near the central path of the storm were
35in. at West Mellow, *33in. at Portisham, *27in. at Langton
Herring, 'ISin. at Steepleton, '7Sin. at Martin's Town (Winter-
bourne St. Martin), '38in. at Cattistock, '62in. at Dorchester,
37in. at Haselbury Bryan, '4 lin. at Sturminster Newton, '24in.
at Whatcombe, and '35m. at Shaftesbury. The partial distribution
of thunderstorm rain is further shewn by there having been only
02in. at Wyke Regis, Portland, Swanage, and Verwood on the
right of the main storm path and the same amount at Blackdown
on the left.

The wettest day in the year generally was January 12th, at the
commencement of a break in the long frost, when a fall of snow,
changing to rain the next day, exceeded an inch at about three-
fourths of the stations. On April 24th more than an inch of rain
fell at the majority of the stations ; and November was a rainy
month, only two days being without rain.

The rainfall exceeded lin. at one or more of the stations on
2 days in January, 3 days in April, 1 day in June, 3 days in
October, 6 days in November, and 1 day in December.

With regard to the rainfall at Haselbury Bryan, both this year
and last the ratio to the average hitherto adopted has been the
lowest in the list (Table II.). Such an occurrence two years in
succession at one place needs examination. In every year from
1888, when observations began, up to 1893, more rain was
measured at Haselbury Bryan than at any other station ; but last
year it was exceeded at Cheddington, and this year it stands third
of the 17 stations where corresponding observations have been
made since 1888, the total being greater at Cheddington and
Cattistock. For the purpose of this investigation the ratio of the
annual rainfall to the period 1888-95 has been computed for each
of the 17 stations, and is set forth in Table III., Haselbury Bryan

RAINFALL IN DORSET. 213

by itself and the 16 others separately and combined ; and the
difference between Haselbury Bryan and the mean of the rest is
given at the foot of the table. The actual rainfall having appeared
in this and previous reports need not be repeated. The resulting
values, which must not be confounded with the ratios in Table II.
of "Dorset Annual Rainfall, 1848-92," exhibit Haselbury Bryan
as relatively the wettest of the Dorset stations in 1888 and
1890 and the driest in 1894 and 1895. This is very unlikely.
No diminution of rain to an extent such as that indicated has been
experienced at any other place. It will be noticed that the
change occurred in 1892, since which time the fall has approxim-
ated to that at Cheddington and other villages among the hills.
Probably the conditions of observation have undergone an alteration
for the better in the last year or two, and 42 or 43 inches instead
of 49 inches may ultimately turn out to be the annual rainfall.

There has been a deficiency of about 5 per cent, in the rainfall
for the year, as deduced from 20 stations, omitting Haselbury
Bryan (Table II., column 9). More precisely, compared with the
period 1848-92, the total rain has been as 94-9 to 100.

The chief meteorological feature of the year was the frost which
commenced on the 30th December, 1894, and, with an interval of
mild weather from the 14th to the 21st of January, lasted till the
5th of March, with some relaxation towards the close. Just
100 years ago a still longer frost, particularly severe in January,
prevailed from the middle of December, 1794, to the commence-
ment of March following. Since then, with the exception of the
very snowy winter of 1813-14, when frost persisted almost
uninterruptedly from the 27th of December to the 5th of February,
the months of January and February together of the present year
have undoubtedly been the coldest of the century.

Bloxworth Rev. 0. P. Cambridge : An almost total absence of
thunderstorms.

Chalbury Rev. G. H. Billington : Highest temperature 77 on
the 27th of September, lowest 13 on the 6th of February. In

214 RAINFALL IN DORSET.

February the average maximum temperature was 32 -6, average
minimum 23 - 5.

Hasellmry Bryan Rev. Canon R. F. Wheeler : 1895 was a
most trying one for all garden work. The long-continued cold
from the commencement to the middle of March prevented work
being got forward as usual, while the spell of dry weather in May
and June and the coldness of the ground prevented seeds from
germinating.

Portland, Chesil Rev. W. Waugh : A thunderstorm at 9 p.m.
on the 30th of May.

Shaftesbury Miss L. Wand : The average readings of the maxi-
mum thermometer in January and February were respectively 36*1
and 32'S and of the minimum 27"3 and 22'9, the mean of the two
being January, 31*7; February, 27*8. The cold was very intense
on the 6th, 7th, and 8th of February : The maximum thermometer
in the screen on these days attained 21*6, 23'0, and 26'8 : the

00 O

minimum 11 '8, 13'8, and 13 - 0. The highest temperature of the

air this month was 44 '0. Frost occurred on every night but the
23rd, when the thermometer fell to 32 '1 in the screen. The
maximum thermometer did not exceed 32 on 10 days in January,
13 days in February, and 1 day in March. At one foot below the
surface of the ground the temperature of the earth was at or below
the freezing point from the 8th of February to the 7th of March
inclusive. The average for February was 31 '9.

Swanage Rev. H. Fix : Lowest temperature 16 on the 8th of
February.

Weymouth J, R. Eyles : Hours of sunshine, from a Campbell
and Stokes' instrument on the pier head :

January

July

218-25

February

105

August

257-25

March

136

September

226-75

April

157-25

October

101-50

May

284

November

62-25

June

269-25

December

37-25

RAINFALL IN DORSET. 215

Winterbourne St. Martin Captain J. E. Acland : Maximum
temperatures of 28 and 24 on the 6th and 7th of February and
minimum temperatures of 11 and 13 on the same days.

Winterbourne Steepleton H. Stilwell : Lowest temperature
on the 9th of February.

216

RAINFALL IN DORSET.

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DA
670
D69D6
v.17

Dorset Natural History and
Archaeological Society
Proceedings

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