Skip to main content

Full text of "Proceedings Second Series"

See other formats 


. 


>  ^ 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF  THE 


SOCIETY    OF    ANTIQUARIES 
OF  LONDON. 

\ 
NOVEMBEB  17,  1870,  TO  APEIL  3,  1873. 


SECOND  SERIES,  VOL.  V. 


LONDON: 

PRINTED  BY  NICHOLS  AND  SONS,  FOK 

THE    SOCIETY    OF    ANTIQUARIES, 

SOMERSET  HOUSE. 


r 


DA 
2o 


6175B5 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


PAGE 

Bronze  Mace-head  from  Tipperary   .          .          .          .          .          .12 

Anglo-Saxon  Fibula  from  Barrington 14 

Early-Christian  Terra- Cotta  Lamp .          .         .          .          .         .16 

Bronze  Bell  from  Bottesford,  Lincolnshire         ....       24 

Koman  Vase  from  Kelvedon    ...  .  .30 

Koman  Strainer  from  Chichester      ....  .39 

A  Goldsmith's  Touchstone       ....  51 

Seal  of  Henry  de  Langele        .         .          .          .         .         .          .54 

Seal  from  Farnham         ........        55 

Flint  Implement  from  Honduras      .  .  .94 

Bronze  Sickle  from  the  Thames       ...  .95 

Flint  Implement  from  the  Isle  of  Wight  .         .         .         .113 

Glass  Phial  from  Lutterworth  .         .         .         .         .          .115 

Vessel  of  Brass  from  Peckleton 117 

Roman  Pottery  from  a  Villa  at  Beddington  .  .  .  '  .153 
Seal  of  the  Abbey  of  Dunfermline  .  .  .  .  . '  .174 
Bronze  Fibula  from  the  King's  County  .  .  .  .  .190 
Bronze  Weight  from  Cambridge  .  .  .  .  .  .218 

Greek  Sling-bullet 220 

Tube  of  Yew-wood  from  Skull 223 

Seal  of  Milton  Abbey 255 

Bronze  Blade  from  Craigs,  co.  Antrim 269 

Stone  Object  from  Brandon     .          .         .          .         .          .          .272 

Bronze  Censer  from  Limpsfield         ......     285 

Bronze  Thurible  from  Syria     .          .         .         .         .         .         .290 

Initial  from  Colonel  Carew's  MS.     .......     333 

Bronze  Cross  from  co.  Longford       ......     335 

Sword  Pomel  from  Northamptonshire       .....     343 

Remains  of  British  Canoe  found  in  the  Thames  .  .  .  364 
Earthen  Vessel  from  Ashburton  Church,  Devon  .  .  .386 

Four  Bronze  Celts,  England 398 

Five  Bronze  Weapons,  England       ......     403 

Spearhead  from  Lurgan  .         .         .         .....     405 


1V 


'      PAGE 

Spearhead  from  Speen    .         ..       .-       *       .,  .  .  .     405 

Bronze  Ferrule  from  Guilsfield         .         .         .  .  .  .     405 

Bronze  Armlet,  Scilly  Isles      ..        .         v.       .  .  .  .406 

Bronze  Armlet,  Cornwall         .         .         .  ;      .  .  .  .     406 

Jets  from  casting,  Stogursey    .       '  .  "      .         .  .  .  .     409 

Five  Bronze  Weapons  from  Northumberland   .  .  .  .429 

Sickle-shaped  Implement,  Battlefield,  Salop      .  .  .  .-431 

Gold  Brooch  found  in  Hanover        ,         .         .  .  .456 

Gravestone,  Frodingh  am,  co.  Lincoln       .  .  .  .'473 

Fragment  of  Metal  Decoration  from  Ericombe  .  .  ,  .     475 

Roseworthy  Cross,  Cornwall    .         .      V.         .  .  .  .     484 

Inscribed  Stone,  Lanivet,  Cornwall  ......     486 

Inscribed  Stone  Tablets,  Cardynham,  Cornwall  .  .  .     488 

Key-shaped  Ornament,  Soham,  Cambridgeshire  .  .  .     496 


EREATA. 

P.  130, 1.  25,  for  "  Rev.  John  Rae  "  read  "  John  Rae,  Esq." 
„       1.  26,  for  "  Laurence  "  read  "  Lawrence," 
„       1.  30,  for  "  William  "  read  "  Wilson." 
P.  135,  1.  16,  for  "  Walter  "  read  "  William." 
P.  148,  1.  6  from  the  bottom,  for  "  Rev.  John  Rae  "  read  "  John 
Rae,  Esq." 

P.  148, 1.  5  from  the  bottom,  for  "  Laurence  "  read  "  Lawrence." 
P.  153,  1.  9  from  the  bottom,/or  "  Castor"  read  "  Caistor." 
P.  163,  1.  16  from  the  bottom,  dele  "  with." 
P.  165,  1.  8,  for  "North  Minims"  read  "Nash  Mills." 
•  P.  189,  1.  25,  dele  "  Thomas  Thompson,  Esq." 
P.  274, 1.  2  from  the  bottom,  dele  "post " 
P.  291,  1.  10  from  the  bottom,/or  "  censor  "  read  "  censer." 
p.  405— 432, passim,  for  "ferule"  read  "ferrule." 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF  THE 


SOCIETY    OF    ANTIQUAKIES 

OF  LONDON. 


SESSION    1870-71. 


Thursday,  November  17th,  1870. 
FREDERIC  OUVRY,  Esq .,  Treasurer,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  :  — 

From  the  Imperial  Academy  of  Vienna  : — 

1    Siteungsberichto  philos.-histor.  Classe.    61  Band,  heft  2,  3.    62  Band,  heft 
1-3,  4.     8vo.     Vienna,  1869. 

2.  Denkschriften  philos.-histor.    Classe.    16  u.  18  Band.    4to.  Vienna,  1869. 

3.  Archiv  fiir  Kunde  osterr.  Geschichtsquellen.    41  Band,  heft  1,  2.     8vo. 
Vienna,  1869. 

From  the  Lords  of  the  Committee  of  Council  on  Education  :- Science  and  Art 
Department,  South  Kensington  Museum.  Universal  Catalogue  ofc  Books  on 
Art.  Vol.  2.  I  to  Z.  4to.  London,  1870. 

From  E.  Peacock,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :— A  New  Guide  to  Hull :  with  a  correct  map. 
Compiled  by  John  Craggs,  junior.  8vo.  Hull,  1884. 

From  the  Royal  Geographical  Society  : -Proceedings.  Vol.  xiv.  Nos.  2-4. 
8vo.  London,  1870. 

From  the  Author  :— The  Theory  of  the  Arts ;  or,  Art  in  relation  to  Nature, 
Civilization,  and  Man.  By  George  Harris,  F.S.A.  Two  vols.  8vo.  Lon- 
don, 1869. 

From  the  Royal  Academy  of  Sciences,  Letters,  and  Fine  Arts  of  Belgium  :— 

1.  Memoires  Couronnes  et  Memoires  des  Savants  Etrangers.     Tome  xxxiv. 
'  4to.     Brussels,  1870. 

2.  Memoires  Couronnes  et  autres  Memoires.     Collection  in  8°.  Tome  xxi. 
'  8vo.     Brussels,  1870. 

.-{.  Bulletins.     2me  Ser.     Tomes  27  and  28.     8vo.     Brussels,  1869. 

4.  Ammaire.     36me  Annee.     Sm.  8vo.     Brussels,  1870. 

5    Nederlandsche  Gedichteu  uit  de  veertiende   eeuw  van   Jan  Boendale, 

'tleiii  Van  Aken  en  anderen.  Uitgegeven  door  F.  A.  Snellaert.     8vo. 

Brussels,  1869. 

VOL.  V.  ]i 


2  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

From  the  Royal  Institute  of  British  Architects  : — 

1.  Sessional    Papers,   1869-70.    Nos.   10-13,  and   1870-71.     No.   I.     4to. 
London,  1870. 

2.  List  of  Members.    4to.    London,  1870. 

From  the  Rev.  Dr.  F.  G.  Lee,  F.S.A. : — Ordinum  Sacrorum  in  Ecclesia 
Anglicana  Defensio,  et  Registrum  consecrationis  Archiepiscopi  Parkeri 
photographice  expresso,  editore  T.  J.  Bailey,  B.A.  Folio.  London  and 
Brighton,  1870. 

From  the  Editor  :— The  Church  Builder.  Nos.  35  and  36.  July  and  October. 
8vo.  London,  1870. 

From  the  Huddersfield  Archaeological  and  Topographical  Association  :— The 
Yorkshire  Archaeological  and  Topographical  Journal.  Part  3.  8vo. 
London,  1870. 

From  the   Academy  of   Sciences  of  St.  Petersburg :  —  Bulletin.       Tome  xiv. 

(Feuilles  22—36.)  completing  the  vol.  ;  and  Tome  xv.  (Feuilles  1  and  2.) 

4to.     St.  Petersburg,  1870. 
From  the  Society  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  Batavia  : — 

1.  Verhandelingen.     Vol.  xxxiii.     4to.     Batavia,  1868. 

2.  Tijdschrift.     Vol.xvi.  2— 6,  xvii.  1— 6,  xviii.  1.    8vo.    Batavia,  1866— 68: 

3.  Notulen.     Vol.  iv.  2,  v.  6,  vii.  1.     8vo.     Batavia,  1867-69. 

4.  Katalogus    der    Ethnologische     Afdeeling     van    het     Museum.       8vo. 
Batavia,  1868. 

5.  Catalogus    der    Numismatische    Afdeeling    van    het     Museum.      8vo. 
Batavia,  1869. 

From  the  Author : — The  Chronicle  of  the  Christian  Ages  ;  or,  Record  of  Events 
— Ecclesiastical,  Civil,  and  Military.  By  John  Harwood  Hill,  B.A.  2  vols. 
in  one.  8vo.  Uppingham  [1859]. 

From  the  Royal  Society  : — Proceedings.  Vol.  xviii.  Nos.  120 — 122  (com- 
pleting vol.  18),  and  vol.  xix.  No.  123.  8vo.  London,  1870. 

From  the  Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal : — 

1.  Journal.    New  Series.     Vol.  39.    Part  1,  Nos.  1  and  2.    1870.    8vo.   Cal- 
cutta, 1870. 

2.  Proceedings.    Nos.  4—8.    April  to  August,  1870.     8vo.     Calcutta,  1870. 

From  the  British  Archseological  Association  : —  The  Journal.  June  30  and 
September  30.  8vo.  London,  1870. 

From  the  Associated  Architectural  Societies: — Reports  and  Papers.  1869. 
Vol.  x.  Part  1.  8vo.  Lincoln. 

From  the  Royal  Historical  and  Archaeological  Association  of  Ireland:— The 
Journal.  Vol.  1.  Fourth  series.  April  and  July,  1870.  Nos.  2  and  3. 
8vo.  Dublin,  1870. 

From  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Zurich  : — 

1.  Indicateur  d'Histoire  et  d'  Antiquites  Suisses.      Vols.  1—3  (June  1870). 
8vo.    Zurich,  1855—1870. 

2.  Berichte  der  Antiquarischen  Gesellschaft  (Der  Gesellschaft  fur  Vater- 
liindische  Alterthumer)  in  Zurich.     8vo.     Zurich,  1868. 

From  the  Royal  United  Service  Institution : —Journal.     Vol.14.    Nos.  58 — 60. 

8vo.    London,  1870. 
From  the  Anthropological  Society:— Journal  of  Anthropology.     Nos.  1  and  2. 

July  and  October.     8vo.     London,  1870. 
From  the  Editor,  S.   Tymms,  Esq.  F.S.A.:— The  East  Anglian.     Vol.4.    Nos. 

113-116.     8m    Lowestoft,  1870. 

From  the  Exeter  Diocesan  Architectural  Society: — Transactions.  Part  2,  vol.  2. 
Second  series.  4to.  Exeter,  1870. 


Nov.   17.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  3 

From  the  Author :— The  Portraiture  of  the  Ancients.  By  C.  W.  King,  M.A. 
(From  the  Archaeological  Journal,  vol.  27.)  8vo.  London,  1870. 

From  the  Royal  Archaeological  Institute  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  : — The 
Archaeological  Journal.  Vol.  27.  Nos.  105  and  106.  8vo.  London,  1870. 

From  Her  Majesty's  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Home  Department  : — 

1.  By  the  Queen.     A  Proclamation  commanding  the  observance  of  a  strict 
neutrality  in  the  matter  of  war  between  France  and  Prussia.     Given  at 
Osborne    House,   Isle  of  Wight,  19th  July,  1870.     34th  year  of  reign. 
Broadsheet  folio.     (Two  copies.) 

2.  By  the  Queen.     A  Proclamation  to  observe  strict  neutrality  during  the 
war  between  France  and  Prussia,  and  to  warn  from  the  violation  of  the 
Act  against  Illegal  Enlistment,  Shipbuilding,  and  Expeditions.     Given  at 
Osborne  House,  Isle  of  Wight,  9th  August,  1870.     34th  year  of  reign. 
Broadsheet  folio.     (Two  copies.) 

3.  By  the  Queen.     A  Proclamation  declaring  the  Parliament  to  be  further 
Prorogued  to  Tuesday  13th  December.     Given  at  Balmoral,  24th  October, 
1870.     34th  year  of  reign.     Broadsheet.     (Two  copies.) 

From  the  Hon.  R.  C.  Winthrop,  Hon.  F.S.A.  : — Peabody  Education  Fund. 
Proceedings  of  the  Trustees,  Feb.  15,  1870.  8vo.  Cambridge,  U.S.A. 
1870. 

From  the  Author,  Charles  Deane,  Esq.  :  — 

1 .  Memoir  of  George  Livcrmore.     Prepared  agreeably  to  a  Resolution  of 
the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society.     8vo.     Cambridge,  U.S.A.  1869. 

2.  A  Brief  Memoir  of  Robert  Waterston,  a  Boston  Merchant.      By  one  who 
knew  him  many  years.     8vo.     Boston,  U  S.A.  1869. 

3.  The  Life  of  Mr.  Thomas  Dudley,  several  times  Governor  of  the  Colony  of 
Massachusetts.     Written,  as  is  supposed,  by  Cotton  Mather.     8vo.     Cam- 
bridge, U.S.A.  1870. 

From  the  Cambrian  Archa3ological  Association  : — 

1.  Archajologia  Cambrensis.     Fourth  Series.     Nos.  3  and  4.     8vo.     London, 
1870. 

2.  The  Lordship  of  Gower  in  the  Marches  of  Wales.     Part  3.     Edited  by 
Charles  Baker,  Esq.  F.S.A.     8vo.     London,  1870. 

From  the  Numismatic  Society  : — The  Numismatic  Chronicle.  Vol.  10.  New 
Series.  No.  38.  London,  1870. 

From  W.  H.  Hart,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :— 

1.  A  New  Discovery  of  the  Prelates'  Tyranny,  in  their  late  Prosecutions  of 
Mr.  William  Pryn,  etc.     4to.     London,  1641. 

2.  EIKftN.BASlMKH.     Vel  Imago  Regis  Caroli  in  illis  suis  rcrumnis  et  sdi- 
tudine.     12mo.     The  Hague,  1649. 

3.  Literal  Pseudo-Seuatus  Anglicani,  Cromwcll5i,Reliquorumquc  Perduellium 
nomine  ac  jussu  conscriptae  a  Joanne  Miltono.  12mo.     n.p.  1676. 

4.  The  Countermine  :  or,  a  Short  but  True  Discovery  of  the  Principles  and 
Practices  of  the  Dissenting  Party.     Svo.    London,  1677. 

o.  The  \Veesils.     A  Satyrical  Fable.     4to.     London,  1691. 

6.  The  Anti-Weesils.     A  Poem.     4to.     London,  1691. 

7.  A  Letter  out  of  Suffolk  to  a  Friend  in  London.     4to.     London,  1694. 

8.  The  Review  and  Observator  Review'd.     By  a  Layman  of  the  Church  of 
England.     4to.     London,  1706. 

9.  The  Post-Boy  Robb'd  of  his  Mail  :  or,  the  Pacquet  broke  open.     Two 
vols.  in  one.     8vo.     London,  1706 

10.  A   Cry  from  the  Desart :    or,  Testimonials  of  the  Miraculous  Things 
lately  come  to  pass  in  the  Cevcnnes.     By  John  Lacy.     Second  Edition. 
Svo.     London,  1707. 

B2 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1870, 

11.  Censnra  Temporum.     The  Good  or  111  Tendencies  of  Book's,  Sermons, 
Pamphlets,  &c.  impartially  consider'd.     4to.     London,  1708-9. 

12.  The  Tryal  of  Dr.  Henry  Sacheverell.    Fol.     London,  1710. 

13.  An  Imitation  of  the  Seventeenth  Epistle  of  the  First  Book  of  Horace. 
Address'd  to  Dr.  S ft.     By  Mr.  Diaper.     4to.     London,  1714. 

14.  The  Rise  and  Growth  of  Fanaticism  :  or,  a  View  of  the  Principles  of 
the  Dissenters.     Second  Edition.     8vo.     London,  1715. 

15.  To  all  True- Hearted  Scotsmen,  whether  Soldiers  or  others.    8vo.   Perth, 
1715. 

16.  A  Speech  made  upon  the   Question   about  impeaching  the   Duke   of 
Ormond.     8vo.     London,  1715. 

17.  A  Letter  to  Richard  Steele,Esq.     8vo.     London,  1715. 

18.  The  Young  Chevalier  :  or,  a  Genuine  Narrative  of  all  that  befell  that 
Unfortunate  Adventurer.     By  a  Gentleman.     8vo.     London,  n.d. 

19.  Trials  for  High  Treason  of  Thomas  Hardy,  John  Home  Tooke,  etc. 
By  a  Student  of  the  Inner  Temple.     8vo.     London,  1794. 

20.  The  Trial  of  Maurice  Margaret  at  Edinburgh  for  Seditious  Practices. 
By  Mr.  Ramsay.     8vo.     London,  1794. 

21.  Assassination  of  the  King.     The  Conspirators  Exposed,  or,  an  Account 
of  the  Apprehension,  &c.  of  John  Smith  and  George  Higgins  on  a  Charge 
of  High  Treason.     Second  Edition.     8vo.     London,  1795. 

22.  Observations  on  the  Trial  of  James  Coigly  for  High  Treason  ;  together 
with  an  Account  of  his  Death.     By  John  Fenwick.     8vo.     London,  1798. 

23.  Thirty-two  Civil  War  Tracts.     4to.    London,  1641-61. 

(1)  Cheap-side  Cross  Censured  and  Condemned  by  a  Letter  sent  from  the 
Vice-Chancellour,   and  other  Learned   Men  of   Oxford.     4to.     London, 
1641. 

(2)  The  Petition  and  Articles  against  Dr.  Fuller,  Dean  of  Ely,  and  Petition 
against  Timothy  Hutton.     1641. 

(3)  Articles  of  Impeachment  against  Matthew  Wren,  D.D.  Bishop  of  Ely. 
1641. 

(4)  The  Manner  of  the  Impeachment  of  the  xii  Bishops  Accused  of  High 
Treason.     Whereunto  is  added  the  Petition  and  Remonstrance  of   die 
Bishops.     1642. 

(5)  The  Weekly  Account.     No.  18.     January  3.     1643. 

(6)  The  Kingdomes  Weekly  Intelligencer.     No.  8.      February  14  to  Feb- 
ruary 21.     1643. 

(7)  The  True  Informer.     No.  23.     February  17  to  February  24.     1643. 

(8)  Speciall  Passages  and  Certain  Informations.     No.  29.     February  21  to 
February  28.     1643. 

(9)  The  Parliament  Scout.     No.  37.     March  1  to  March  8.     1643. 

(10)  Mercurius  Aulicus.     12th  Weeke.     March  23.     1643. 

(11)  A  Continuation  of  Certain  Speciall  and  Remarkable  Passages.     No.  39. 
March  30  to  April  6.     1643. 

(12)  The  Same.     No.  53.     June  15  to  June  23.     1643. 

(13)  The  Parliament  Scout.     No.  5.     July  20  to  July  27.     1643. 

(14)  The  Same.    No.  8.     August  10  to  August  17.     1643. 

(15)  The  Same.     No.  12.     September  7  to  September  15.     1643. 

(16)  The  True  Informer.     No.  1.     September  23.     1643. 

(17)  The  Weekly  Account.     No.  7.     October  18.     1643. 

(18)  The  Same.    No.  9.    November  1.     1643. 

(19)  The  Parliament  Scout.     No.  33.     February  2  to  February  9.     1644 

(20)  The  Same.     No.  34.     February  9  to  February  16.     1644. 


Nov.   17.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  5 

(21)  The  Military  Scribe.     No.  1.     February  20  to  February  27.     1644. 

(22)  Certain   Informations  from  severall  parts  of  the  Kingdome.     No.  67. 
February  15  to  February  28.     1644. 

(23)  Mercurius  Veridicus.     No.  7.     March  5  to  March  12.     1644. 

(24)  The  Parliament  Scout.     No.  38.     March  8  to  March  15.     1644. 

(25)  Mercurius  Britanicus.     No.  27.     March  11  to  March  18.     1644. 

(26)  Mercurius  Civicus.      London's  Intelligencer.      No.  44.     March  21  to 
March  28.     1644. 

(27)  The  Parliament  Scout,     No.  41.     March  28  to  April  4.     1644. 

(28)  The   Phcenix    of    Europe,   or   the    Forraigne    Intelligencer.     No.  1. 
January  16.     1645. 

(29)  The  Coinings  Forth  of  Christ  in  the  Power  of  his  Death.     A  Sermon 
preached  November  1,  1649.     By  Peter  Sterry.     1650. 

(30)  A   Diurnall  of    some   Passages   and   Affairs.      April   28   to   May   5. 
1652. 

(31)  (Newspaper,  no  title).     July  12  to  July  18.     1654. 

(32)  Mercurius  Publicus.     No.  22.     May  30  to  June  6.     1661. 

24.  Historical   Tracts.     A  folio   volume   containing  the  following  twenty 
Tracts.  *  London,  1653—1728  :— 

(1)  A  Declaration  of  the  Parliament  of  England.     1653. 

(2)  To  the  King's  Most  Excellent  Majesty,  an  Essay  for  Recovery  of  Trade. 
1661. 

(3)  His  Majestie's  Message  to  the  Commons  relating  to  Tangier.     1680. 

(4)  His  Majestie's  Declaration  touching  the  Dissolution  of  the  Parliaments. 
1681. 

(5)  An  Answer  to  a  late  Pamphlet,  entituled,  a    Character  of  a   Popish 
Successor.     1681. 

(6)  Vindication    of    Addresses   in   general,   and    of    the    Middle-Temple 
Address.     1681. 

(7)  His  Majestie's  gracious  Declaration  for  a  Liberty  of  Conscience.     1688. 

(8)  His  Majestie's  Letter  to  the  Lord  Bishop  of  London.     1689. 

(9)  Elegies  on  the  Queen  and  Archbishop.    By  Samuel  Wesley,  M.  A.     1695. 

(10)  A  Consolatory  Poem:  address'd  to  his  Majesty.      By  W.  Partridge. 
1695. 

(11)  A  Relation  of  the  Famous  Conference  held  about  Religion   at  Paris. 
1684. 

(12)  To  the  Honourable  the  Commons  of  England  assembled  in  Parliament. 
Account  of  Grievance  by  James  Whiston.     1689. 

(13)  The,  Translation  of  the  States  General  Letter  to  his  Majesty.     1701. 

(14)  The  opinion  of  a  Divine  of  the  Church  of  England  of  the  Oath  of 
Abjuration.     1702. 

(15)  A  Letter  to  a  Friend  concerning  the  Partition  Treaty,     n.d. 

(16)  The  Humble  Representation  of   the  Lords    Spiritual  and  Temporal 
presented    to  -Her  Majesty,    and  Her  Majesty's  most  gracious  Answer. 
1703. 

(17)  An  Epistle  from  the  Elector  of  Bavaria  to  the  French  King  :  after  the 
Battel  of  Ramillies.     1706. 

(18)  The  Law  Corrupted  ;  a  Satire.     1706. 

(19)  An  Ode  humbly  inscrib'd  to  the  Queen.     1706. 

(20)  The  Humble  Representation  of  the  House  of  Commons  to  the  King. 
1728. 

25.  Trials    and   Proceedings.      A  folio   volume   containing  the   following 
twelve  Miscellaneous  Tracts.     London,  1678—1715. 


6  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1870, 

(1)  The   Trjal  of  William   Stay  ley,  goldsmith;  for  Treasonable  Words. 
1678. 

(2)  An  Impartial  Consideration  of  those  Speeches,  which  pass  under  the 
name  of  the  Five  Jesuits.     Mr.  Whitebread,  &c.     1679. 

(3)  The  Lord  Chief  Justice  Scroggs  his  Speech.     1679. 

(4)  The  Information  of  Francisco  de  Faria  delivered  at  the  Bar  of  the 
House  of  Commons.     1680. 

(5)  Tho.  Dangerfield's  Answer  to   a  certain  scandalous  lying  Pamphlet. 
1680. 

(6)  The  Arraignment  and  Plea  of  Edwd  Fitz-Harris,  Esq.     1681. 

(7)  The  Tryal  and  Condemnation  of  Edwd  Fitz-Harris,  Esq.     1681. 

(8)  The  Proceedings  at  the  Session  Houses  in  the  Old- Bailey, 'London, 
against  Anthony  Earl  of  Shaftesbury.     1681. 

-      (9)  The  Tryals  of  T.  Walcot,  W.  Hone,  W.  Lord  Russell,  J.  Rous,  and  W. 
Blagg.     1683. 

(10)  The  Tryal  and  Conviction  of  John  Hampden,  Esq.    1684. 

(11)  The  Tryal  and  Conviction  of  Sir  Sam.  Bernardiston,  Bart.     1684. 

(12)  The  Speech  of  the  Lord  High-Steward  upon  Proceeding  to  Judgment 
against  James  Earl  of  Derweutwater,  &c.     1715. 

26.  Six  Broadsides,  viz.  :  — 

(1)  Instructions  for  the  Members  of  the  House  for  the  bringing  in  of  Six 
Months'   Assessment  of  the  Arrears  upon   the   Ordinance  of  £60,000 
Signed,  II.  Elsynge,  Cler.  Parl.  D.  Com.     1647. 

(2)  Song  for  the  King  and  Queen :  written  for  New- Year's  Day,  1694. 

(3)  Form  of  Circular  Letter  of  the  Churchwardens  of  the  Parish  of  St. 
Giles's,  Cripplcgate.     June  1709. 

(4)  Number  34.     The  Examiner.     March  15—22,  1710—11. 

(5)  The  Postman  :  and  the  Historical  Account.     July  7 — 10.     1711. 

(6)  Receipt  Form  of  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Londonderry's  subscription  for  the 
Translation  of  Homer's  Iliads,  filled  in  and  signed  by  Alexander  Pope. 

27.  Topographical  Prints,  viz.  : — 

(1)  Proof  Impressions  of  Plates,  10,  17,  18,  19,  22,  23,  30,  31,  32,  from  The 
Journal  of  the  British  Archaeological  Association,  vol.  vi. 

(2)  Impression  of  Plate  18,  from  Collectanea  Antiqua,  vol.  ii. 

(3)  Plain  Impression  of  Plate  3,  from  The  Journal  of  the  British  Archaeo- 
logical Association,  vol.  ix. 

28.  Autograph  Letter  of  Giovanni  Bianchi  to  Girolamo  Ferri,  Professor  of 
Rhetoric  of  the  College  at  Faenza.     Dated  Rimino,  19  January,  1751. 
Four  pages  folio. 

29.  Seven  Parchment  Deeds  of  various  dates. 

From  the  Surrey  Archa3ological  Society  : — Collections.     Vol.  v.     Part  1.     8vo. 
London,  1870. 

From  the  Author  :— Segni  di  Cartiere  Antiche.    Dieci  Tavole.    By  D.  Urbani. 
8vo.     Venice,  1870. 

.From  the  Sussex   Archaeological  Society  :— Sussex  Archaeological  Collections. 
Vol.  xxii.     Svo.     Lewes,  1870. 

From  the  Camden  Society  :— Publications.  No.  103.  Notes  of  the  Debates 
in  the  House  of  Lords,  officially  taken  by  Henry  Elsing,  Clerk  of  the 
Parliaments,  A.D.  1621.  Edited  by  S.  R.  Gardiner,  Esq.  4to.  London, 
1870. 

From  the  Suffolk  Institute  of  Archaeology  and  Natural  History  :— Proceedings. 
Vol.  iv.  No.  4.  8vo.  Lowestoft,  1870. 


Nov.   17.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  7 

From  A.  W.  Franks,  Esq.  M. A.  V.P.  S.  A.  and  the  Baron  de  Witte,  Hon.  F.S.A.  :— 
Histoire  de  la  Monnaie  Romaine  par  Theodore  Mommsen,  traduite  de 
1'Allemand  par  le  Due  De  Blacas.  Vols  1  and  2.  8vo.  Paris,  1865-70. 

From  the  Author  : — Althorp  Memoirs,  or  Biographical  Notices  of  Lady  Denham, 
and  other  Ladies  whose  Portraits  are  to  be  found  in  the  Picture  Gallery  of 
the  Earl  Spencer.  By  G.  Steinman  Steinman,  Esq.  F.S.A.  8vo.  Printed 
for  Private  Circulation,  1869. 

From  J.  W.  K.  Eyton,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :— 

1.  Papers  from  the  Archaeologia,    by  John  Bruce,  Esq.   F.S.A.     Private 
Reprints,  viz.  :— 

(1)  On  Inaccuracies  in  the  Published  Letters  of  Sir  Thomas  More.     4to. 
London,  1843. 

(2)  On  William  Penn's  Imprisonment  in  the  Tower.     4to.     London,  1853. 

(3)  On  a  MS.  Relation  of  the  Proceedings  in  Parliament,  A.D.  1628.     4to. 
London,  1860. 

(4)  On  a  MS.  Account  of  the  Treaty  of  Newport,  A.D.  1648.     4to.     London, 
1863. 

(5)  Description    of   a  Pocket-Dial,  made  for   Robert  Devereux,  Earl  of 
Essex,  nul593.     4to.     London,  1867. 

2.  Lord  Spencer's  Library.     A  Sketch  of  a  Visit  to  Althorp,  Northampton- 
shire.    [For  Private  Circulation.]     8vo.     1870. 

3.  Mr.    Ashbee's    Occasional    Facsimile    Reprints.   X.  Edward    Webbe's 
Travels.      From  the  Edition  printed  in   London   in   1590.      Small  4to. 
London,  1869. 

From  the  Author  : — 

1.  Testi  di  tre  Canti  della  Divina  Commedia  tratti  da  Codici  conservati, 
nella   Biblioteca   del   Museo  Britannico.      Per  opera   e   cura   del   Cav. 
Dottore  Enrico  C.  Barlow.     4to.     London,  1870. 

2.  On   the  Vernon  Dante,  with  other  Dissertations.     By  H.  C.  Barlow, 
M.D.     8vo.     London,  1870. 

From  A.  FitzGibbon,  Esq.  : — Unpublished  Geraldine  Documents,  edited  by  the 
Rev.  Samuel  Hayman,  B.A.  8vo.  Dublin,  1870. 

From  the  Author  : — Observations  on  the  Geography  and  Archeology  of  Peru. 
By  E.  G.  Squier,  M.A.  Hon.  F.S.A.  8vo.  London,  1870. 

From  Sir  James  Colquhoun,  Bart.,  through  the  Author  :— The  Chiefs  of  Colqu- 
houn  and  their  Country.  By  William  Fraser.  Two  volumes.  4to.  Edin- 
burgh, 1869.  • 

From  the  Smithsonian  Institution  : — 

1.  Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Knowledge.    Vol.  xvi.     4to.    Washington, 
1870 

2.  Smithsonian  Miscellaneous  Collections.     Vol.  viii.  and  ix.     8vo.    Wash- 
ington, 1869. 

3.  Annual  Report  for  the  year  1868.    .8vo.     Washington,  1869. 

From  the  Essex  Archajological  Society  : — Transactions.  Vol.  v.  Part  1.  8vo. 
Colchester,  1870. 

From  the  Powys  Land  Club  : — Collections,  Historical  and  Archaeological,  rela- 
ting to  Montgomeryshire.  Vol.  iii.  No.  2.  Svo.  London,  1870. 

From  the  Trustees  of  the  New  York  State  Library  : — 52nd  Annual  Report.  Svo. 
Albany,  1870. 

From  the  Regents  of  the  University  of'the  State  of  New-York  : — 18th,  19th, 
20th,  and  22nd  Annual  Reports  on  the  Natural  History,  and  Historical  and 
Antiquarian  Collections.  8vo.  Albany,  1865-69. 


8  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1870, 

Prom  the  American  Philosophical  Society  : — Proceedings.  Vol.  xi.  No.  82. 
8vo.  Philadelphia,  1869. 

From  Harvard  College  : — 

1.  Forty-fourth  Annual  Eeport  of  the  President  to  the  Overseers.    1868-69. 
8vo.     Cambridge,  U.S.A.  1869. 

2.  Annual  Repor-t  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology. 

1868.  8vo.     Boston,  1869. 

3.  Report  to  the  Board  of  Overseers.     8vo.     Cambridge,  U.S.A.  1869. 

4.  Catalogus  Universitatis  Harvardianse.    M.DCCC.LXIX.     8vo.     Cambridge, 
1869. 

5.  Catalogue  of  the   Officers  and   Students,   1869-70.     First   Term.     8vo. 
Cambridge,  1869. 

6.  Address  at  the  Dedication  of  Lancaster  Memorial  Hall.     8vo.  Boston, 
1868. 

7.  Addresses  at  the  Inauguration  of  Charles  William  Eliot  as  President 
Oct.  19,  1869.     8vo.     Cambridge,  U.S.A.  1869. 

From  the  Essex  Institute  (U.S.A.)  :— 

1.  Bulletin.    Volume  1,  Nos.  1-12  (completing  the  vol.)  1869.    8vo.    Salem, 
Mass.,  1870. 

2.  Proceedings.     Vol.  6,  Part  1.     1868.     8vo.     Salem,  Mass.,  1870. 

3.  An  Account  of  the  Newspapers  and  other  Periodicals  published  in  Salem, 
from  1768  to  1856.     By  Gilbert  L.  Streeter.     8vo.     Salem,  Mass.,  1856. 

From  the  Minnesota  Historical  Society  : — 

1.  Annual  Report.     1868  to  1869.     8vo.     St.  Paul,  1869-70. 

2.  Charter,  Constitution,  and  Bye-Laws.     8vo.     St.  Paul,  1868. 

3.  Report  of  Explorations  in  the  Mineral  Regions  of  Minnesota.     By  Colonel 
Charles  Whittlesey.     8vo.     Cleveland,  1866. 

From  the  Author: — La  Mappemonde  du  VIIIe  Siecle  de  Saint  Beat  de  Liebana. 
Par  M.  D'Avezac.  8vo.  Paris,  1870. 

From  the  Author,  through  R.  T.  Pritchett,  Esq.  F.S.A.: — Museum  Catsianum. 
Verzameling  van  W.  C.  M.  De  Jonge  Van  Ellemeet.  1839—1870.  4to. 
Utrecht,  1870. 

From  Richard  Woof,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :— 

1.  Certified  Pedigree  of  Thomas  Evans  of  Tyreymyneck,  co.  Montgomery. 
Lithograph  Roll. 

2.  Pedigree  of  Sir  Christopher  Hales,  of  Lincoln,  Bart.    4to.    London,  1870. 
(Two  copies.) 

From  G.  F.  Teniswood,  Esq.  F.S.A.:— Lectures  on  Sculpture.  By  John  Flax  man, 
R.A.  8vo.  London,  1829. 

From  the  Editor,  W.  Chappell,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :— The  Roxburghe  Ballads.  Vol.  I. 
Part  2.  8vo.  Ballad  Society.  London,  1870. 

From  the  Royal  Society  of  Northern  Antiquaries  of  Copenhagen: — 

1.  Aarboger  for  Nordisk  Oldkyndighed  og  Historic.     1869.    Hefte  iii.  iv. 
1870.     Hefte  i.     8vo.     Copenhagen,  1869-70. 

2.  Tillaeg  til  Aarboger  for  Nordisk  Oldkyndighed   og  Historic,  aargang 

1869.  8vo.     Copenhagen,  1870. 

3.  Memoires.     Nouvelle  Serie.     1869.     8vo.     Copenhagen. 

From  C.  Baker,  Esq.  F.S.A.:  — Surveys  of  Gower  and  Kilvey  and  of  several 
Mesne  Manors  within  that  seignory.  Edited  for  the  Cambrian  Archaeolo- 
gical Association,  by  Charles  Baker,  Esq.  F.S.A.,  and  G.  G.  Francis,  Esq. 
F.S.A.  8vo.  London,  1870.  [Large  paper.  One  of  50  copies.] 


Nov.  17.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  9 

From  J.  R.  Appleton,  Esq.  F.S.A.: — 

1.  The  History  of  Alnwick,  the  county  town  of  Northumberland.     12mo. 
Alnwick,  1813. 

2.  A  View  of  the  city  of  Durham,  and  its  Environs.     12mo.    Durham,  1813. 

3.  A  New  Picture  of  Newcastlc-upou-Tyne.     By  Thomas  Oliver.     12mo. 
Ne  wcastle-upon-Tyne,  1831. 

4.  A  Guide  through  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  and    its  vicinity.      By  M.  A. 
Richardson.     Sin.  8vo.     Newcastle,  1846. 

5.  Descriptions  of  Warkworth  Hermitage,  Wark worth  and  Alnwick  Castles, 
and  Alnwick  and  Hulne  Abbeys.     New  edition.     12mo.     Alnwick,  1818. 

6.  Description  of  Bishop  Auckland,  with  a  Brief  Account  of  the  Bishops 
of  Durham.      12mo.     Bishop  Auckland,  1820. 

From  the  Imperial  Archaeological  Commission,  St.  Petersburg!!  :  — Compte- 
Rendu  pour  1'annee  1868.  Avec  un  Atlas.  2  vols.  4to.  and  folio.  St. 
Petersburgh,  1869. 

From  the  Author  : — Die  fmuisch-ungarischen  Sprachen  und  die  Urheimath  des 
Menschengeschlechtes.  Von  D.  E.  D.  Europoeus.  8vo.  Helsingfcrs. 

From  Spencer  Hall,  Esq.  F.S.A.: — Five   Broadsides  relating  to   the   Reform 

League    Demonstration,    December  3,  1866,  viz.: — 1.  League    Prospectus. 

2.  Official    Programme.      3.  Reform    Holiday.      4.  Important   Notice.      5. 

Ticket  of  Admission. 
From  the  Author  : — On  Ancient  Manorial  Customs,  &c.,  in  the  county  of  Essex. 

By  R.  S.  Charnock,  Esq.  F.S.A.     8vo.     London,  1870. 

From  the  Editor,  the  Rev.  M.  E.  C.  Walcott,  F.S.A.:  — 

1.  The  Inventory  of  St.  Osyth's  Priory,  Essex,  with  Notes.    8vo.    Reprinted 
from  Essex  Transactions,  v.  53. 

2.  Church  Goods  and  Chantries  of  Derbyshire  in  the  sixteenth  century, 
with  Notes.     8vo. 

From  the  Editor,  Lord  Clermont : — Account  of  Sir  Arthur  Chichester  by  Sir 
Faithful  Fortescue.  Privately  printed.  8vo.  London,  1858. 

From  the  Author  : — On  the  Medals  and  Coins  of  the  Pretender  James.  By 
Charles  Golding.  4to.  Manchester,  1870. 

From  the  Royal  Institution  of  Great  Britain  :  — 

1.  Proceedings.    Vol.  5,  Part  7  (completing  vol.  5)  and  vol.  6,  Parts  1  and  2. 
8vo.     London,  1869-70. 

2.  List  of  the  Members.     8vo.     London,  1870. 

3.  No.  13.     Additions  to  the  Library.     July  1869-70.     8vo. 

From  the  Rev.  J.  F.  Russell,  F.S.A.: — Hierurgia  Anglicana.  Edited  by  Mem- 
bers of  the  Ecclesioldgical  late  Cambridge  Caniden  Society.  8vo.  Lon- 
don, 1848: 

From  the  Author  : — A  Short  Account  of  the  British  Encampments,  between  the 
rivers  Rheidol  and  Llyfnant,  co.  Cardigan.  By  J.  G.  Williams.  12mo. 
Aberystwith,  1866. 

From  the  Architectural  and  Archaeological  Society  for  the  county  of  Bucking- 
ham : — Records  of  Buckinghamshire.  Vol.  iii.  No.  8.  (completing  vol.  3) 
and  Vol.  iv.  No.  1.  Svo.  Aylesbury,  1870. 

From  the  Royal  Society  of  Literature  :— Transactions.  Second  series.  Vol.  ix. 
Part  III.  (completing  vol.  9).  Svo.  London,  1870. 

From  Albert  Way,  Esq.,  M.A.,  F.S.A.  :— 

1.  Dissertazione  sopra  1'anteriorita  del  bacio  de'  piedi  de'  sommi  Pontefici 
all'  introduzioue  della  croce  sulle  loro  scarpo  o  sandali.  Del  P.  Giacomo 
Pouyard,  Carmelitano.  4to.  Rome,  1807.  Also,  bound  up  with  it, 
Lettera,  del  Cardinale  Cesare  Brancadoro  alPabate  Francesco  Cancellieri 
su  la  dissertazione  del  P.  Giacomo  Pouyard.  4to.  Rome,  1807. 


10  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1870, 

2.  Histoire  de  Jules  Cesar.    Atlas.     (Cartes  du  tome  premier  et  du  tome 
deuxieme)     4to.     Paris,  1865-6. 

From  the  Author  : — Wanderings  in  Devon.    By  W.  H.  Hamilton  Rogers.     8vo. 
Seaton,  1869. 

Erom  the  Eev.  F.  T.  Havergal  :— A  History  of  the  old  Hundredth  Psalm  Tune, 
with  specimens.    By  the  Kev.  W.  H.  Havergal,  M.A.     8vo.     London,  1857. 

From  the  Canadian  Institute  :— The  Canadian  Journal  of  Science,  Literature, 
and  History.     Vol.  xii.,  No.  6  (completing  vol.  12).     8vo.     Toronto,  1870. 

From  A.  W.  Franks,  Esq.,  M.A.,  V.P.S.A.  :— 

1.  Jahresbericht  der  Deutschen  morgenlandischen  Gesellschaft  fur  1845 — 
1846.     8vo.     Leipzig,  1846. 

2.  Zeitschrift  der  Deutschen  morgenlandischen  Gesellschaft  herausgegeben 
von  den  Geschaftsfiihrern.     I.  Band.— XXII.  Band.    I.,  II., -IV.  Heft. 
8vo.    Leipzig,  1847-68. 

3.  Wissenschaftlicher   Jahresbericht  iiber   die    morgenlandischen   Studien 
1859  bis  1861.     Von  Dr.  Richard  Gosche.     8vo.    Leipzig,  1868. 

Erom  the  Author  : — A  Light  on  the  Historians  and  on  the  History  of  Crowland 
Abbey.    By  Henry  Scale  English.    8vo.     London,  1868. 

Votes  of  special  thanks  were  accorded  to  Lord  Clermont, 
G.  F.  Teniswood,  Esq.  F.S.A.,  the  Rev.  F.  G.  Lee,  D.C.K 
F.S.A.,  W.  H.  Hart,  Esq.  F.S.A.,  and  to  Sir  James  Colquhoun, 
Bart.,  for  their  valuable  contributions  to  the  Society's  library. 

Fairless  Barber,  Esq.  was  admitted  Fellow. 

By  the  direction  of  the  Council  the  following  correspondence 
was  laid  before  the  meeting  : — 

Foreign  Office,  August  16,  1870. 

SIR, — I  am  directed  by  Earl  Granville  to  transmit  to  you,  for  the  information 
of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  the  accompanying  copy  of  a  despatch  from  Her 
Majesty's  Ambassador  at  Constantinople,  inclosing  a  translation  of  a  Circular 
Instruction  addressed  by  the  Porte  to  the  Provincial  Governors  enjoining  them 
to  preserve  antiquities  in  Turkey. 

I  am,  Sir, 

Your  most  obedient  humble  servant, 

E.  HAMMOND. 

The  Secretary  to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries, 
Somerset  House,  W.C. 


[Copy.] 

Therapia,  July  31, 1870. 

MY  LORD, — Knowing  the  interest  taken  by  many  persons  in  England  in  the 
preservation  of  objects  of  antiquity  in  the  East,  I  have  the  honour  to  forward 
to  your  Lordship  the  translation  of  a  Circular  Instruction  to  the  Provincial 
Governors,  enjoining  them  not  to  permit  their  continued  destruction. 

Mr.  Vice-Consul  Wrench  had  forwarded  a  letter  to  me  from  Mr.  Erank 
Calvert,  pointing  out  the  probable  demolition  of  some  ancient  walls  recently 
brought  to  light  on  the  site  of  Ilium  Novum,  and  remarking  that  shiploads  of 
finely  dressed  limestone  and  granite  blocks  had  been  conveyed  from  Alexandria, 
Troas,  and  Assos,  to  be  used  in  Government  works  at  Constantinople. 

I  brought  the  circumstances  to  the  knowledge  of  the  Porte,  and  the  present 


Nov.   17.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  11 

instructions  have  been  issued  with  a  view  to  putting  a  stop  to  the  system  of 
spoliation  which  has  prevailed  throughout  the  country. 

I  have,  £c. 
(Signed)  HENRY  ELLIOT. 

The  Earl  Granville, 
&c.,    &c.,    &c. 

Inclosure  in  the  foregoing  despatch — 

Translation  of  a  circular  addressed  by  the  Porte  to  all  Provincial  Governors, 
dated  July  14,  1870. 

It  has  been  ascertained  that  the  local  authorities  do  not  preserve  from  injury 
such  antiquities  as  are  from  time  to  time  discovered  in  various  parts  of  the 
Turkish  dominions,  but  allow  these  relics  to  be  removed,  to  be  sold,  to  be  used  by 
this  or  that  person  in  various  buildings  and  aqueducts. 

It  is  superfluous  to  point  out  to  you  that  such  relics  are  characteristic  of  the 
manners  and  customs  of  preceding  generations,  and  of  great  historic  interest,  and 
consequently  evidences  of  civilisation.  On  this  account  a  museum  has  been 
established  in  the  capital. 

The  local  authorities  are  therefore  enjoined  for  the  future  to  preserve  and 
forward  to  the  said  museum  all  remains  of  antiquity  that  may  be  anywhere  dis- 
covered, and  to  prevent  these  antiquities  from  being  damaged  by  anybody. 

You  will  enjoin  compliance  with  these  orders  on  your  subordinates. 

Captain  A.  C.  TUPPER,  F.S.A.  exhibited  and  presented — 

1.  A  drainage  Tile,  found  with  some  few  others,  in  Bucklers- 
bury,  about  eighteen  feet  from  the  surface,  between  .two  Roman 
walls,  during  the  excavations  in  the  summer  of  1870  for  the 
subway  in  Queen  Victoria  Street.     This  tile,  although  from  the 
circumstances  under  which  it  was  found  it  had  clearly  been  used 
for  drainage  purposes,  was  of  the  same  type  as  the  ordinary 
Roman  flue-tile  with  lateral  opening.*    A  good  account  of  these 
excavations  is  given  by  Mr.  J.  E.   Price  in  his  description  of 
"  The  Roman  Tesselated  Pavement  found  in  Bucklersbury,"  4to. 
Loud.  1870,  and  at  page  66  of  that  volume  will  be  found  a 
woodcut  showing  the  exact  appearance  of  the  drain. 

2.  Specimens  of  the  red  tessera  composing  the  ordinary  Roman 
pavement,  of  which  much  was  found  in  the  Bucklersbury  exca- 
vations. 

The  CORPORATION  OF  LONDON  exhibited  and  presented  a  bronze 
Medal  by  J.  S.  and  A.  B.  Wyon,  diameter  3  inches,  struck 
in  commemoration  of  the  visit  of  His  Imperial  Majesty  Abdul 
Aziz,  Sultan  of  Turkey,  to  the  Corporation  of  London  18th 
July,  1867,  The  Right  Hon.  Thomas  Gabriel,  Lord  Mayor. 


*  Such  tiles  are  figured   in  Journal  Archaiol.  Assoc.  iv.  48  ;  and  in  Catalogue 
of  the  temporary 'Museum  of  the  Association  at  Chester,  1849,  p.  14. 


12 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 


[1870. 


Obv.     Bust  of  the  Sultan  in  profile. 

#     ABDULAZIZ    OTHOMANORUM 

IMPERATOR    «    LONDINIUM 

INVTSIT    MDCCCLXVI1. 

Rev.  Allegorical  group.  The  City  of  London  receiving 
Turkey  with  emblems  of  hospitality  and  festive 
welcome. 

EGBERT  FERGUSON,  Esq.  Local  Secretary  for  Cumberland, 
exhibited  and  presented  photographs  of  the  Roman  Altars  found 
near  Mary  port,  Carlisle.* 

J.  W.  BUTTERWORTH,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  and  presented  to 
the  Society  a  spiked  bronze  Mace-head.  It  is  4  inches  high,  and 
the  diameter  of  the  base  is  1 J  inch.  It  is  hollowed,  and  intended 
probably  to  receive  a  shaft  or  handle  at  the  base  (the  rim  of 
which  is  fractured  along  two-thirds  of  its  circumference)  and 
perhaps  a  spike  at  the  top.  The  upper  half  has  three  rows  of 
spikes,  five  spikes  in  each  row,  filling  alternate  spaces,  repre- 
sented in  the  accompanying  woodcut,  and,  from  the  damaged 

condition  of  some  of  the  spikes,  this 
formidable  implement  of  war  would 
seem  to  have  come  into  contact  with 
skulls  of  unusual  density  and  hardness. 
The  lower  half  of  the  socket  is  striated 
with  a  succession  of  concentric  rings. 
The  spikes  are  lozenge-shaped  at  the 
'base.  Only  eight  of  the  fifteen  are 
perfect,  and  of  these  five  are  curved  at 
the  point. 

There  are  three  such  articles  in  the 
museum  of  the  Royal  Irish  Academy, 
one  of  which  is  figured  in  the  catalogue 
of  that  museum  by  Sir  W.  R.  Wilde. 
(Antiquities  of  Animal  Materials  and 
Bronze,  p.  493,  fig.  297.)  Another  is 
figured  in  the  Dublin  Penny  Journal, 
ii.  20.  But  they  are  not  confined  to 
Ireland.  In  the  British  Museum  is  a 
bronze  spiked  mace-head  found  in  a 
well  at  Great  Bedwyn,  Wilts,  which 
was  formerly  in  the  collection  of  the  Archaeological  Institute,  and 
is  figured  in  their  Journal  (xviii.  163).  Four  examples  of  the  same 


BRONZE    MACE-HEAD    FROM 
TIPPEEART. 


*  See  Proceedings,  2  S.  iv.  495. 


Nov.  17.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  13 

description  from  Bavaria  and  Italy  are  figured  in  Lindenschmit's 
Alterthiimer  unserer  heidnischen  Yorzeit,  8tes  heft,  tafel  ii. ;  and 
011  the  same  plate  will  be  found  engravings  of  three  spiked 
rings,  no  doubt  intended  for  a  cognate  purpose.  Three  such 
spiked  rings  are  engraved  in  Meyrick  and  Skelton's  Ancient 
Armour,  pi.  xlv. ;  a  fourth,  from  Donaghadee,  will  be  found 
figured  in  the  Journal  of  the  British  Archaeological  Association, 
i.  249  ;  and  a  woodcut  of  a  fifth,  from  Lidgate  in  Suffolk, 
accompanies  the  mace-head  in  the  Archaeological  Journal  as 
above  cited.  See  also  Journal  Arch.  Assoc.  iii.  61. 

The  present  specimen  was  found  in  a  bog  in  the  county  of 
Tipperary,  and  came  from  the  collection  of  the  late  Dr.  Burgess 
of  Clonmel.  Mr.  Alfred  White,  F.S.A.  informs  Mr.  Butter- 
worth  that  he  believes  it  to  be  composed  of  about  nine  parts  of 
copper  to  one  of  tin.  It  contains  no  lead.  It  is  usual  to  assign 
these  spiked  mace-heads  to  the  bronze  period ;  but  in  the  British 
Museum  there  are  specimens  which  came  from  abroad,  and  of 
these  some  are  decorated  with  patterns  of  a  decidedly  mediaeval 
character.  It  would  therefore  be  very  desirable  in  every  case  of 
a  find  of  this  description  to  ascertain  whether  the  mace-head  was 
accompanied  with  other  objects  which  would  give  a  clue  to  its 
date. 

FREDERIC  OUVRY,  Esq.  Treasurer,  by  permission  of  the  Rev. 
Arthur  Bruce  Fraser,  exhibited  a  Roman  bronze  Steelyard 
Weight,  in  the  form  of  the  head  of  a  goddess,  ploughed  up  in 
the  parish  of  Haversham  near  Newport- Pagnel,  Bucks. 

In  Mr.  Roach  Smith's  Collectanea  Antiqua,  vol.  iv.  p.  57,  pi.  xv. 
is  figured  a  steelyard  weight,  made  of  bronze,  and  representing 
the  head  of  a  Bacchante,  which  was  found  at  Nursling,  near 
Southampton.  Another  has  been  found  at  Chesterford.  Both 
are  now  in  the  British  Museum.  A  third  specimen,  the  head 
of  a  youthful  male,  from  Walton-on-the-Naze,  is  figured  in  the 
Journal  of  the  Archreological  Association,  iv.  74. 

S.  S.  LEWIS,  Esq.  by  permission  of  the  Rev.  J.  A.  Tillard, 
Rector  of  Conington,  Cambridgeshire,  exhibited  a  small  copper 
Plaque,  representing  in  Champleve  enamel  a  figure  holding  an 
object  apparently  a  key,  probably  an  enrichment  of  one  of  the 
angles  of  a  Limoges  coifer  of  the  thirteenth  century,  found  in 
pulling  down  the  walls  of  the  chancel  of  Conington  church. 

Mr.  BYLES,  of  Boxmoor  Station,  exhibited,  through  John 
Evans,  Esq.  F.R.  S.  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary  for  Herts,  some 
antiquities  lately  found  at  Barrington  near  Cambridge,  and 
belonging  to  two  different  periods. 


14  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1870, 

Those  earliest  in  date  are  two  socketed  bronze  celts  and  a 
gouge.  The  celts  are  3f  and  3J  inches  long  respectively.  The 
larger  has  three  raised  bands  on  either  side,  and  closely  resembles 
the  second  of  those  from  West  Halton,  Lincolnshire,  engraved 
in  the  Archaeological  Journal,  x.  70.  The  smaller  is  like  the 
third  specimen  engraved  on  the  same  page.  The  gouge  is  3f 
inches  long  and  9- 16th  of  an  inch  broad  at  the  edge.  At  the 
socket  end  there  is  a  slightly  raised  band  expanding  outwards  so 
as  to  form  a  sort  of  lip  round  the  mouth  of  the  socket,  the  internal 
diameter  of  which  is  6-10ths  of  an  inch. 

The  other  objects  are  Saxon,  and  consist  of  a  knife,  some 
beads,  and  a  brooch.  The  former  is  about  8  inches  long  and  of 
the  ordinary  character.  Of  the  beads,  three  are  formed  of  small 
lumps  of  amber  irregularly  rounded,  and  the  fourth  is  of  opaque 
yellow  glass,  nearly  cylindrical,  and  about  J  inch  in  length,  and 
the  same  in  diameter.  The  brooch  is  of  a  much  rarer  character, 
and  is  formed  of  a  thin  disc  of  silver  18  inch  in  diameter, 
with  a  central  circular  opening  *65  of  an  inch  in  diameter, 
across  which  passed  the  pin,  which  has  now  perished.  On  the 
face  of  the  disc  have  been  punched  three  concentric  circles  of 
minute  annulets  by  way  of  ornament,  so  that  in  general  character 
it  resembles  the  brooches  or  circular  buckles  from  Chavenage, 
Gloucestershire,  engraved  in  the  Journal  of  the  Archaeological 
Association,  vol.  iv.  p.  52,  fig.  3,  of  which  also  examples  have  been 
found  in  Cambridgeshire.  The  present  specimen,  however, 
differs  from  all  of  these  in  having  riveted  on  its  face,  at  some- 
what irregular  intervals,  four  small  gold  studs,  with  neatly 
beaded  borders,  and  each  having  a -circular  carbuncle  set  in  its 
centre. 


ANGLO-SAXON  FIBULA  FROM  BARRINGTON. 


Nov.   17.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  15 

W.  R.  COOPER,  Esq.  exhibited  four  cases  containing  twenty 
objects  of  interest  from  the  collection  of  Egyptian  antiquities 
formed  by  the  late  K.  Hay,  Esq.  of  Linplum,  N.B.  The  follow- 
ing descriptive  list  of  these  objects  was  read  by  Mr.  Cooper  : — 

"  1.  A  female  recumbent  figure  rudely  wrought  in  white  lime- 
stone, with  remains  of  outline  decoration  in  red  paint.  i  Rude 
as  is  this  figure,'  writes  Mr.  J.  Bonomi  in  his  catalogue  of  the 
Hay  Collection,  l  it  is  genuine,  and  not  the  work  of  a  European 
or  an  Arab  forger.  Every  fragment  of  colour  left  upon  the 
stone  is  suggestive  of  some  peculiarity  of  costume,  or  has  refer- 
ence to  some  theological  dogma.  The  necklace,  the  ornamental 
cestus  round  the  waist,  here  indicated  by  a  double  line  of  dots, 
the  bracelets  on  the  wrists,  but  above  all  the  figure  of  the 
monstrous  hippopotamus-headed  goddess,  Thoeris,  at  the  head 
of  the  couch,  fronting  another  typhonic  deity,  now  too  much 
defaced  to  be*  recognisable,  are  all  evidences  of  its  genuineness. 
At  the  lower  end  of  the -couch  are  other  red  lines  too  much 
obliterated  to  assist  speculation,  for  I  am  as  yet  ignorant  of  the 
divinities  proper  to  that  end  of  the  bed. ' 

"  2.  An  unknown  object  in  sycamore  wood.  This  resembles 
an  outstretched  arm  terminating  in  a  clenched  hand,  having  the 
thumb  extended ;  on  the  outer  extremity  appears  to  have  been  an 
ornament  formed  of  a  lotus-blossom  between  tw.o  buds.  A 
mortice  has  been  cut  through  the  wood  at  this  part,  but  for  what 
purpose  I  am  unable  to  state. 

u  3.  A  mutilated  terra-cotta  or  red  sandstone  figure  of  a  func- 
tionary of  the  nineteenth  dynasty,  wearing  the  broad  stiffened 
dress  (or  Shenti)  and  plaited  daft  peculiar  to  that  period. 
The  arms  are  crossed  over  in  front,  and  clasp  to  the  breast  a 
figure  of  the  soul  typified  by  a  human-headed  bird  with 
expanded  wings.  The  usual  funereal  seed-bag  hangs  over  the 
right  shoulder,  a  peculiarity  which  never  occurs  in  the  later 
semi- Grecian  figures  of  the  time  of  the  Psammetici.  Several 
lines  of  well-defined  hieroglyphics  remain,  with  one  vertical 
ditto  on  the  front.  This  is,  according  to  Mr.  Bonomi,  a  most 
rare  specimen. 

"  4.  A  limestone  Osiride  figure  nearly  as  the  preceding,  with 
the  exception  that  the  crossed  arms  hold  the  funereal  flail  and 
plough  of  Osiris  H/iot-Amenti,  and  that  the  human-headed  bird 
is  here  represented  as  brooding  over  the  heart.  Seven  horizontal 
lines  of  hieroglyphics,  which  have  been  originally  painted  with 
a  black  pigment,  are  incised  around  this  figure,  and  the  hair  and 
some  lesser  details  have  also  been  painted  black.  This  specimen 
is  in  an  excellent  state  of  preservation.  It  is  to  be  observed  that 
the  soul  in  Egyptian  symbolism  was  always  represented  as  a 
human-headed  bird,  a  hawk,  or  a  kind  of  crested  stork. 


16 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 


[1870, 


"  5.  A  wooden  fragment,  being  the  upper  part  of  a  school- 
master's writing  tablet  or  loah  —  Greco-  Christian  art.  On  both 
sides  are  inscriptions  beginning  with  the  same  letter,  viz.  Alpha; 
after  which  follow  several  series  of  T-shaped  characters  divided 
into  groups  by  the  continual  recurrence  of  the  old  Greek  p.  On 
one,  the  right  side,  the  first  line  is  preceded  by  a  cross,  and  the 
remaining  lines  are  divided  into  sections  by  a  letter  or  symbol 
with  which  I  am  not  familiar. 

"  6.  A  terra-cotta  Greco-Egyptian  lamp.  The  cross  pattern 
forms  a  prominent  decoration  on  this  object,  around  which  there 
is  a  Greek  inscription  in  bold  relief,  which  reads 

O  @C    TI(B 


6  @eo?,  vue  ®eoO. 
"  7.  A  very  rude  terra-cotta  lamp  of  early-Christian  work. 


On  this  interesting  object  the  well-known  unequal  limbed,  or 
Latin,  cross  occurs  in  connection  with  the  Ankh,  or  Tau  cross, 


Nov.   17.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUAKIES.  17 

the  so-called  Crux  Ansata  or  Egyptian  symbol  of  life.  The 
union  of  these  two  emblems  imparts  a  peculiar  value,  theo- 
logically considered,  to  this  otherwise  inelegant  lamp.  For  thus 
it  becomes  a  pictorial  illustration  of  the  influence  of  Egyptian 
mythology  and  Egyptian  art  in  the  early  Christian  church  of 
Alexandria  during  the  first  four  centuries  of  our  era ;  an  in- 
fluence which  has  since  extended  itself  beyond  not  only  Egypt 
but  the  mother  soil  of  Africa  and  the  sister  continent  of 
Europe. 

"  8.  A  pilgrim  bottle,  or  a  kind  of  Aryballos  in  hard  black 
stone,  possibly  basalt.  This  is  beautifully  turned,  and  implies 
the  existence  of  a  very  perfect  species  of  machinery  among  the 
ancient  Egyptians  in  very  remote  times,  as,  to  produce  the  oval 
figure  of  this  bottle,  a  lathe  with  a  system  of  excentric  wheels 
would  be  required,  a  mechanical  improvement  not,  I  believe, 
carried  back  generally  to  so  distant  a  period  of  time  as  2000  B.C. 

"  9.  Two  large  beads  made  of  rods  of  coloured  glass,  which 
have  been  afterwards  fused  together  and  then  rounded  on  a 
stone  slab.  The  larger  of  the  two  presents  some  indications  of 
an  attempt  to  produce  facets  at  the  extremities,  an  inference 
borne  out  by  the  statement  of  Pliny  (lib.  37,  cap.  9)  that  the 
Egyptians  were  the  first  to  simulate  precious  stones.  I  need 
hardly  remind  my  hearers  that  the  manufacture  of  this  beautiful 
ornamental  ware,  or  millefiore  glass,  was  supposed  to  be  peculiar 
to  the  Venetian  artists  of  Murano  in  the  middle  ages.* 

66  10.  A  very  large  specimen  of  the  coarse  linen  cloth, f  liiero- 
glyphically  called  the  Robe  of  Justification,  in  which  the  deceased 
was  supposed  to  be  attired,  when  in  the  Hall  of  the  Two  Truths 
he  supplicated  the  judge  Osiris.  This  garment  is  of  a  coarse 
flaxen  texture  and  is  16  by  9  feet  in  width  ;  along  one  edge  is 
a  deep  fringe,  and  the  significance  of  the  fringed  garment  in  all 
ancient  theologies  and  especially  when  considered  in  relation  to 
the  Arbang  Kanphoth,f  or  garment  of  fringes,  of  the  modern  Jews, 
is  a  subject  opening  up  a  wide  field  of  research  in  ecclesiastical 
archaeology.  I  may  also  add,  that  the  coat  of  the  Patriarch 
Joseph,  translated  of  a  many  colours,"  in  Gen.  xxxvii.  3,  is 
rendered  by  Gresenius  and  Benisch  as  a  long-skirted  or  fringed 
garment. 

*  One  of  the  beads  in  question  was  nearly  identical  in  size  and  pattern  with 
that  of  which  a  fragment  only  is  figured  in  the  Archeeologia,  vol.  xxvi.  pi.  v. 
fig.  10.  There  is  a  woodcut  of  an  entire  bead  of  this  type  in  Journal  of  Archasol. 
Assoc.  iii.  328.  Some  remarks  by  Mr.  A.  W.  Franks  on  the  occurrence  of  these 
beads  in  different  parts  of  the  world  and  on  their  much  debated  origin  will  be 
found  in  Proceedings,  2  S.  ii.  334. 

f  Perhaps  the  Calasiris  of  Herodotus,  lib.  ii.  81. 

t  See  Mills'  British  Jews,  and  Picart's  Ceremonies  ct  Coutumes  religieuses  for 
details  of  this  national  robe. 

YOL.  Y.  C 


18  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1870, 

u  11.  A  very  perfect  and  noteworthy  linen  sleeve  and  mitten 
in  one  piece.  The  thumb  is  detached  from  the  other  fingers,  and 
both  ends  of  the  mitten  are  carefully  sewn  over  with  coarse 
thread :  along  the  selvage  and  sides  is  a  double  line  of  blue 
worked  into  the  tissue,  which  is  here  joined  lengthwise  to  form 
the  sleeve.  There  is  reason  to  infer  that  mittens  of  this  descrip- 
tion were  costly  and  distinctive,  as  on  the  walls  of  the  tomb  of 
Thothmes  III.,  near  Thebes,  there  are  represented  some  Semitic 
captives  bringing  a  pair  of  similar  demi-gloves  as  a  tribute  to 
that  magnificent  Pharaoh. 

"  12.  Two  Greco-Egyptian  gold  rings,  found,  it  is  conjectured, 
in  the  Aasaseef  near  Thebes.  One  of  these  is  of  the  usual  signet 
form,  but  without  an  inscription  ;  the  other  is  of  an  Etruscan 
pattern,  and  is  composed  of  a  spiral  wire  whose  extremities  end 
in  a  twisted  loop,  with  knot-like  intersections.  Both  these 
objects  are  of  fine  workmanship  and  are  wrought  in  very  pure 
gold. 

"13.  A  small  and  very  beautiful  scarab  in  green  jasper.  The 
hieroglyphics,  which  are  less  deeply  cut  than  usual,  represent 
either  the  hawk-shaped  divinity  Ra,  or  a  deified  Pharaoh  under 
that  symbol :  in  front  of  this  principal  figure  is  a  small  cartouch 
bearing  the  prenomen  of  Thomosis  III.  and  on  the  opposite 
side  is  the  solar  disc  with  the  sacred  basilisk  or  urceus.  In  the 
base,  or  to  speak  numismatically  the  exergue,  of  the  die  is  a  smaU 
bird,  apparently  the  Bennu  or  bird  of  Osiris.  A  portion  of  the 
bitumenized  thread  by  which  this  gem  was  originally  fastened 
to  a  mummy  yet  remains  in  the  perforation  for  suspension, 
verifying  an  object  which  would  otherwise  appear  to  be  of  a 
later  date  than  the  eighteenth  dynasty. 

"  14.  Three  silver-mounted  scarabaei.  No.  1  is  of  lapis  lazuli. 
Among  the  almost  illegible  hieroglyphics  appears  the  name  of  the 
god  Phthah  ;  a  second  in  lapis  lazuli  likewise  has  a  rude  group  of 
a  king  adoring  Amun  Ra.  The  third  is  of  vitreous  paste  and  is 
broken.  Traces  however  remain  of  a  device  composed  of  two 
lions  passant,  and  a  third  object,  possibly  a  papyrus  or  lotus 
flower.  The  silver  mountings  are  conjectured  by  my  friend 
Mr.  Bonomi  to  be  Arabic  imitations  of  ancient  Egyptian 
work,  which  is  the  more  likely  to  be  correct,  as  one  of  the 
scarabaei  is  wrongly  set,  and  cannot  in  consequence  be  used 
as  seal. 

u  15.  A  large  scarab  in  vitreous  paste.  The  figures  and  hiero- 
glyphics represent  a  king  adoring  the  divinity  Khonso  or  Phthah. 
The  monarch  wears  the  embroidered  military  cap  or  tosh,  and 
not  the  pschent  or  royal  crown  of  the  united  country.  The 
deity  is  seated  upon  a  low  throne,  and,  as  usual,  grasps  with 
both  hands  the  so  called  Cucufa  staff.  In  the  base  is  a  large 


Nov.   17.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  19 

cartoueh  containing  the  name  of  Rameses  II.  (Miamim).  The 
mounting  of  this  scarab  is  Turkish. 

"  16.  A  copper  gilt,  or  probably  latten,  ring  with  the  head  of 
the  Saviour  carved  in  red  coral.  I  have  ventured  to  pronounce 
this  relic  to  be  of  Byzantine  work  from  the  quadrangular  form 
and  pattern  of  the  setting.  The  bas-relief,  which  is  full  face, 
has  evidently  been  much  worn,  and  there  is  a  hole  at  one  part 
of  the  head  as  if  for  the  insertion  of  a  crown  or  aureol. 

"17.  A  small  scarab  in  vitreous  paste.  The  metal  mounting  is 
of  ancient  Egyptian  work,  but  the  hoop  of  the  ring  is  unhappily 
wanting.  The  hieroglyphics  upon  the  under,  or  seal,  side  are  of 
rude  work  in  the  linear  manner  of  engraving.  They  have  not  as 
yet  been  deciphered. 

u  The  preceding  antiquities  are  only  a  few  objects  selected,  as 
I  before  remarked,  from  the  Hay  Collection.  That  they  are  of 
undoubted  authenticity  the  character  of  ttie  late  owner  fully 
establishes,  and,  although-  I  am  unable  from  the  want  of  any 
memoranda  to  trace  every  object  to  its  vendor,  there  can  be 
little  doubt  that  the  bulk  of  the  materials  were  procured  from 
Signer  Athanasi  of  Thebes,  or  as  the  result  of  the  explorations 
of  the  late  James  Burton,  F.  Arundale,  and  Robt.  Hay,  in  the 
ruins  of  the  temples  of  Medineh  Habou,  Karnak,  Philge,  or  the 
till  then  unexplored  tombs  of  Gourna,  between  the, years  1828 
and  1^33." 

SAMUEL  BIRCH,  Esq.,  LL.D.,  F.S.A.,  communicated  orally 
some  observations  on  this  exhibition,  of  which  the  following  is  a 
brief  summary : — 

After  remarking  that  the  objects  exhibited  by  Mr.  Cooper 
were  divisible  into  three  classes  : — 

1.  Objects  connected  with  private  life,  and  the  illustration  of 
costume  and  manners ; 

2.  Sepulchral  antiquities  ;  and 

3.  Objects  of  Christian  art; — 

Dr.  Birch  proceeded  to  notice  the  tunic  (the  so-called  Robe 
of  Righteousness,  noticed  by  Mr.  Cooper)  as  the  most  important 
article  in  the  first  head. 

He  remarked  that  this  was  the  basoui,  or  long  tunic,  reaching 
from  the  loins  to  the  ankles,  worn  by  public  functionaries  and 
on  occasions  of  ceremony  and  state.  In  the  remarkable  lists  or 
inventories  of  ancient  Egyptian  wardrobes  this  basoui  is  always 
to  be  found,  and  appears,  therefore,  to  have  been  an  indispensable 
article  of  costume  among  the  upper  class  to  whom  these  ward- 
robes belonged. 

There  was  .another  form  of  tunic,  the  shenti,  well  known  to 
most  persons  through  the  frequency  with  which  it  occurs  on 

c  2 


20  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1870, 

Egyptian  monuments.     It  was  a  shorter  garment  reaching  merely 
to  the  knee  in  folds  or  flutings. 

With  regard  to  the  substances  used  by  the  ancient  Egyptians 
in  their  woven  fabrics,  it  certainly  appears  that  linen  and  not 
cotton  was  the  material  almost  exclusively  employed,  at  least 
among  the  higher  order.*  It  is  singular,  however,  that  although 
Herodotus  f  informs  us  that  the  woollen  garment  worn  over  the 
fringed  tunic  was  as  it  were  unclean,  and  as  such  forbidden  to 
be  introduced  into  the  temples  and  not  buried  with  the  dead 
body,  yet  the  microscopic  examinations  of  the  fibre  of  some  of, 
these  garments  found  in  tombs  have  beyond  a  doubt  established 
that  they  are  woollen..  It  is,  however,  to  be  remembered  that 
most  of  the  tombs  explored  are  those  of  the  higher  orders,  and 
that  in  these  nothing  but  linen  is  found,  it  being  in  the  case  of 
poorer  interments  that  other  materials  occur ;  as,  for  instance, 
at  Tourah,  where  the  tombs  of  the  quarriers  of  the  stone  of  the 
Pyramids  showed  the  use  of  woollen  garments. 

To  this  general  rule,  however,  there  is  a  remarkable  exception 
in  the  case  of  the  body  supposed  to  be  that  of  King  Mycerinus, 
discovered  by  Colonel  Howard  Vyse  in  his  exploration  of  the  Third 
Pyramid.  This  body  was  wrapped,  not  in  linen,  but  in  woollen 
garments.  It  has,  however,  been  doubted  whether  this  body  was 
really  that  of  the  King.  The  late  Sir  Benjamin  Brodie,  on  his 
attention  being  called  to  the  circumstance  that  one  of  the  knees 
had,  during  lifetime,  suffered  an  accident  which  had  resulted  in 
an  anchylosis  of  the  joint,  expressed  an  opinion  that  it  never 
could  have  been  made  into  a  mummy  at  all.  The  body,  according 
to  this,  may  have  been  merely  that  of  some  unfortunate  Arab 
who  had  penetrated  the  recesses  of  the  Pyramid  and  there  met 
with  a  miserable  death.  However,  the  King's  coffin  was  there 
along  with  the  body,  and  broken  to  pieces.  It  is  thus  still  pos- 
sible that  the  remains  found  were  indeed  those  of  Mycerinus. 

Bitumen,  which  is  a  great  preservative  of  the  mummy,  was 
not  in  use  before  the  eighteenth  and  nineteenth  dynasties.  This 
will  account  for  the  paucity  of  bodies  brought  to  light  which 
belong  to  earlier  periods. 

With  regard  to  the  mitten  exhibited,  Dr.  Birch  could  offer  no 
conclusive  opinion.  No  similar  object  occurs  in  the  monuments; 
for  the  instance  quoted  by  Mr.  Cooper,  where  Syrians  are 
represented  as  bringing  tribute,  is  not  to  be  relied  on  as  offering 
an  example  of  the  use  of  gloves  or  mittens ;  the  object  held  in 
the  hand  by  the  figure  alluded  to  appearing  rather  to  be  a  drinking- 
cup  of  the  form  called  in  classical  antiquity  rhyton,  terminating 

*  See  Egyptian  Antiq.  ii.  187  seqq.  (Library  of  Entertaining  Knowledge)  for 
accounts  of  various  microscopic  examinations  establishing  this  fact, 
f  Euterpe,  81. 


Nov.  17.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  21 

in  a  human  hand,  and  most  likely  made  of  silver,  as  it  is  painted 
white,  a  conventional  mode  of  indicating  that  metal.  Dr.  Birch 
added  that  he  knew  of  no  Egyptian  authority  proving  that  the 
priests,  at  all  events  under  the  ancient  monarchy,  ever  wore 
gloves. 

The  speaker  then  proceeded  to  remark  upon  the  Scarabsei  and 
Signet  Rings,  observing  en  passant  that  Mr.  Kobert  Hay's  col- 
lection was  indeed  rich  in  these  articles,  comprising  as  it  did 
upwards  of  500  scarabs,*  though,  as  was  to  be  expected,  many  of 
these  were  repetitions  of  one  type. 

The  use  of  these  curious  objects  dates  back  to  a  remote  period 
in  the  Egyptian  annals.  As  is  well  known,  they  wrere  made  not 
merely  in  porcelain,  but  also  in  steatite  or  stea-schist,  and  the 
various  semi-precious  stones  suitable  for  engraving,  such  as  car- 
nelian,  sard,  and  such  like.  The  earliest  scarabs  are  of  the  stea- 
schist,  a  substance  which  readily  admits  of  engraving,  coated 
with  a  blue  a  frit"  of  vitrified  smalt.  This  series  extends  from 
the  fourth  and  fifth  dynasties  to  the  twenty-sixth  dynasty,  but 
is  not  continued  much  further.  No  scarabs  of  this  kind  belong 
to  the  era  of  the  Ptolemies.  In  the  time  of  the  twelfth  dynasty 
the  cylindrical  signet,  also  found  in  use  among  the  Assyrians 
and  Babylonians,  came  into  vogue.  The  hard  stones  and  gems 
were  of  later  introduction,  probably  under  the  influence  of 
Greek  art,  for  the  ancient  Egyptians  themselves  do  not  appear 
to  have  possessed  the  method  of  cutting  such  hard  substances. 
A  few  such,  however,  exist  which  are  clearly  of  great  antiquity  ; 
as,  for  example,  a  specimen  in  yellow  jasper  now  in  the  British 
Museum. 

The  principal  purpose  to  which  these  scarabs  was  applied  was 
to  form  the  revolving  bezel  of  a  signet-ring,  the  substance  in 
which  the  impression  was  taken  being  a  soft  clay  with  which  a 
letter  was  sealed.  This  appears  from  seals  on  the  Papyri,  written 
in  the  Demotic  character. 

It  is  singular  that  some  of  these  objects  have  been  found  set 
in  rings  fixed  with  the  plane  engraved  side  inwards,  rendering 
them  unfit  for  the  purpose  of  sealing.  It  is  well  known  that  the 
use  of  these  scarabs  was  so  extensive  as  to  have  prevailed  beyond 
Egypt,  being  adopted  by  the  Phoenicians  and  the  Etruscans. 

The  early  scarabsei  of  stea-schist  embrace  a  limited  range  of 
subjects,  the  engraving  being  mostly  confined  to  the  name  of  a 
King,  the  title  of  a  deity  to  whose  worship  the  wearer  was 
addicted,  or  to  expressions  conveying  wishes  for  happy  life  or 
similar  blessings.  Rarely,  as  in  few  examples  in  the  British 
Museum,  has  the  name  of  a  priest  or  of  a  goddess  been  observed. 

*  About  700  by  Hay's  Catalogue. 


22  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1870, 

Some  scarabs  of  a  larger  size  than  usual,  dating  from -the  time 
of  Amenophis  III.,  contain  longer  inscriptions,  sucli  as  accounts 
of  remarkable  events;  the  marriage  of  that  King ;  his  successful 
hunting  expeditions,  in  which  he  slew  102  lions ;  the  construction 
of  a  great  tank  for  receiving  and  preserving  the  waters  of  the 
rising  Nile ;  the  occurrence  of  the  festival  of  the  sun's  disc,  &c. 
Such  inscriptions  are  considered  to  have  been  an  innovation 
on  the  earlier  practice,  and  after  the  time  of  Amenophis  III. 
large  scarabs  became  rare. 

With  regard  to  the  second  division  of  the  antiquities  exhibited 
—  the  sepulchral  figures  deposited  with  the  dead.  These  are 
found  in  great  numbers,  always  in  the  type  of  Osiris,  in  whose 
form  every  body  was  embalmed,  the  Egyptians  believing  u  that 
the  deceased,  as  soon  as  he  had  passed  the  ordeal  of  the  final 
judgment,  was  admitted  into  the  presence  of  the  deity,  whose 
name  was  then  prefixed  to  his  own."  * 

In  the  so-called  Funereal  Ritual  or  Book  of  the  Deadf  we  have 
numerous  chapters  relating  to  devices  and  amulets  to  be  placed 
in  coffins,  including  some  account  of  these  effigies.  They  are 
called  in  the  Ritual  "  working  figures  of  Hades,"  and  clearly 
were  supposed  to  possess  some  mystic  virtue,  but  what  this  was 
is  not  certain.  They  always  bear  the  pickaxe  and  hoe,  with  the 
basket  slung  behind.  The  pursuit  of  agriculture  was  looked 
upon  among  the  ancient  Egyptians  as  one  of  great  dignity,  and 
even  in  the  Elysian  fields  such  labours  were  the  principal  occupa- 
tion of  the  shades  of  the  blessed.  J  The  formula  "to  move  the 
sand  from  the  east  to  the  west,"  occurs  in  the  Ritual  in  con- 
nection with  these  labours. 

The  formula  usually  inscribed  on  these  figures  will  be  found 
(taken  from  the  Ritual)  in  the  Berlin  Zeitschrift  fur  Aegyptische 
Sprache  und  Alter thumskunde,  1864,  p.  89  ;  1865,  pp.  4-20,  in 
a  paper  by  Dr.  Birch. 

The  inscriptions  are  not  always  identical,  but  do  not  vary 
more  than  may  be  accounted  for  by  loose  copying.  Accuracy 
in  copying,  as  Dr.  Birch  well  observed,  was  not  a  characteristic 
of  the  ancients,  but  belongs  much  more  to  the  habit  of  mind  of 
modern  days. 

These  mortuary  figures  are  of  various  materials,  such  as  stone 
and  porcelain.  No  authentic  specimens  exist  in  metal,  none  in 
any  material  that  seem  to  be  much  older  than  Amenophis  III. 
Of  that  period  they  are  found  in  serpentine,  afterwards  in  ala- 
baster, under  the  nineteenth  dynasty  in  porcelain,  and  later  still 

*  Sir  G.  Wilkinson,  Anct.  Egyptians,  ii.  4119  note. 

f  See  Bunsen's  Egypt's  Place  in  Universal  History  (English  edition),  v.  125 
seqq.  for  the  Funereal  Ritual,  translated  by  Dr.  Birch. 
J  See  Ritual :  Manifestation  to  Light,  ch.  vi. 


NOV.  24.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  23 

in  wood.  The  earlier  porcelain  figures  do  not  bear  incised 
inscriptions,  a  circumstance  to  be  borne  in  mind  by  the  collector; 
the  genuine  inscriptions  on  the  early  figures  being  painted  on 
the  porcelain,  which  was  subsequently  glazed. 

These  sepulchral  accessories  went  out  of  use  after  the  conquest 
by  Cambyses. 

Dr.  Birch  concluded  by  observing  that  lamps  of  terra-cotta, 
many  exhibiting  Christian  symbols,  are  by  no  means  un- 
common in  Egypt.  It  is  curious  however  that  iw  lamps  ^of  the 
earlier  periods  have  been  discovered,  although  it  is  certain  that 
some  means  of  artificial  illumination  must  have  been  resorted  to 
by  the  priests  while  engaged  in  the  celebration  of  their  worship 
in  the  temples,  which  were  perfectly  dark. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  jthese  communications. 


Thursday,  November  24th,  1870. 
A.  W.  FRANKS,  Esq.  V.P.  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors : — 

From  the  Author:— Historical  Photographs.  A  Catalogue  of  upwards  of  1,800 
photoo-raphs  of  the  antiquities  of  Rome,  with  the  dates,  historical  or  ap- 
proximative, with  an  Index.  By  J.  H.  Parker,  M.A.  Oxon.  F.S.A.  8vo. 
Oxford,  1870. 

From  the  Rev.  F.  G.  Lee,  D.C.L.  F.S.A.:— 

1.  Tractatus  de  Sepulturis,  Capellis,  Statuis,  Epitaphiis,  et  Defunctorum 
Munimentis.     Authore  Floriano  Dulpho.     4to.     Bologna,  1641. 

2.  Histoire  du  Pretendant.     8vo.     1756. 

From  the  Powys-Land  Club:— Collections,  Historical  and  Archaeological,  relat- 
ing to  Montgomeryshire.  Vol.  III.  iii.  (completing  the  volume).  8vo. 
London,  1870. 

From  the  Author  :-  British  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science. 
Liverpool,  1870.  An  Address  delivered  in  the  Department  of  Ethnology 
and  Anthropology,  September  15,  1870.  By  John  Evans,  F.R.S.  F.S.A. 
8vo.  London. 

From  the  Editor,  S.  Tymms,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :- The  East  Anglian.  Vol.  iv. 
No.  117.  8vo.  Lowestoft,  1870. 

From  the  Author:— The  Peoples  of  Transylvania.  By  R.  S.  Charnock,  Ph.  Dr. 
F.S.A.  8vo.  London,  1870. 

From  the  Commission,  through  the  Abbe  Cochet,  lion  F.S.A.:-Bulletm  de 
la  Commission  des  Antiquites  de  la  Seme-Inferieure.  Tome  1",  3™ 
Livraison.  8vo.  Rouen,  1870. 


24 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 


[1870, 


Sir  W.  C.  TREVELYAN,  Bart.  F.S.A.  exhibited  and  presented 
a  Photograph  of  a  group  of  objects  standing  in  his  grounds  at 
Wallington,  Northumberland.  They  consist  of  a  monolith  in 
coarse  sandstone,  known  as  the  "  Poind  and  his  Man "  (see 
Hodgson's  History  of  Northumberland,  Part  2,  vol.  i.  p.  348), 
and  several  Dragons'  Heads,  carved  in  Portland  stone,  portions 
of  the  supporters  of  the  City  arms,  from  the  front  of  the  ancient 
gate  at  Aldersgate,  London,  demolished  in  1760. 

Colonel  HAWORTH  BOOTH  exhibited  a  Vellum  Roll  .of  the 
sixteenth  century,  containing  a  pedigree  of  the  family  of  Booth, 
deduced  from  Henry  Booth,  Vice-Admiral  of  the  North  in  the 
time  of  Henry  VI.  second  son  of  Sir  Thomas  Booth  of  Bar- 
ton, in  Lancashire,  and  continued,  apparently  in  the  same 
hand,  to  Thomas  Booth  of  Byllyngholrae,  who  married  Cecilia, 
daughter  and  heir  of  William  Gardiner  of  Bishop's  Norton, 
whose  pedigree  is  carried  back  on  this  roll  for 'fifteen  genera- 
tions ;  the  pedigree  of  Booth  is  further  continued  for  two  more 
generations.  The  roll  terminates  with  two  fully  emblazoned 
achievements  of  Gardiner  and  Booth. 

EDWARD  PEACOCK,  Esq.  exhibited  a  Bronze  Bell,  of  which  a 
woodcut  is  here  given,  two-thirds  of  the  actual  size. 


Nov.  24.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  25 

This  bell  was  found  in  the  month  of  August  1870  in  the  parish 
church  of  Bottesford,  near  Brigg,  Lincolnshire.  It  was  dis- 
covered walled  up  in  a  putlog  hole  in  the  western  wall  of  the 
south  aisle,  almost  immediately  over  the  half  pillar  which  separates 
the  aisle  wall  from  that  of  the  nave. 

It  is  worth  remarking  that  the  tongue  of  this  bell  is  not 
suspended  in  the  modern  fashion  from  a  loop  cast  in  the  head, 
but  by  a  piece  of  iron,  apparently  an  old  nail,  which  is  bent  so 
as  to  pass  through  two  holes  pierced  on  either  side  of  the  handle. 
That  this  arrangement  was  not  the  result  of  a  clumsy  attempt 
to  repair  the  bell,  but  that  such  was  the  original  construction 
would  seem  probable  from  the  circumstance  that  a  precisely 
similar  method  of  attachment  of  the  clapper  was  observed  in  the 
case  of  another  small  bell  also  of  bronze,  which  was  exhibited 
some  years  ago  before  the  British  Archaeological  Association.* 
This  latter  bpll,  highly  ornamented  and  bearing  the  date  1555, 
was  found  at  Penton  Mewsey,  Hants,  in  the  rectory  stable.  It  is 
expressly  stated  to  have  been  cast  without  a  loop  for  suspension 
of  the  clapper.  In  the  present  instance  the  original  absence  of 
a  loop  is  not  quite  so  clear  ;  for  there  is  a  slight  trace  of  a 
breach  of  continuity  in  the  metal  in  the  head  of  the  bell,  but 
this  may  be  owing  to  the  insertion  of  the  handle. 

From  the  circumstance  of  its  discovery  it  would  appear  likely 
that  the  bell  was  intended  for  some  ecclesiastical  'purpose,  and 
Mr.  Peacock  was  disposed  to  think  that  it  must  have  been  used 
as  a  "  sacring  bell." 

In  a  letter  to  the  Secretary  Mr.  Peacock  observes  that — 

"  The  Lincolnshire  Church  Goods'  Inventories  of  1566  show 
that  in  many  churches  there  were  both  sacring  bells  and  hand 
bells.  I  am  not  so  clear  as  I  should  like  to  be  of  the  distinction, 
for  certainly  in  some  cases  the  sacring  bells  were  hand  bells, 
e.g.  at  Burton  Goggles,  where  profane  Mr.  Eland  u  hong  it  by 
his  horse  eare  ;  "  at  Habrough,  where  Thomas  Carter  did  the 
like ;  and  at  Hoghe,  where  a  calf  was  decorated  with  one.  The 
only  distinction  I  can  see  is  that  the  sacring  bell  may  have  been 
the  instrument  used  to  ring  at  the  mass,  and  the  hand  bell  the 
one  borne  before  the  priest  when  he  went  to  take  the  sacrament 
to  the  sick. 

"  I  send  you  with  this  some  notes  from  my  *  Church  Furni- 
ture.' You  will  see  that  there  are  eight  cases  given  where  bells 
had  disappeared,  improperly,  from  the  churches.  If  I  had 
included  other  similar  articles  in  the  list  it  would  have  been 
very  much  longer.  Hence  we  may  assume  that  these  thefts 
were  in  many  cases  committed  with  no  felonious  intention,  but 

*  Journ.  Archseol.  Assoc.  ii.  186. 


2(3  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1870, 

were  simple  removals  for  the  sake  of  preserving  to  better  times 
things  which  many  of  the  people  thought  holy. 

"In  five  instances  (and  I  think  there  are  more  in  my  book) 
bells  were  turned  into  mortars.     Were  they  recast,  or  inverted 
and  fixed  in  the- top  of  posts?    The  latter  I  am  inclined  to  flunk  ; 
men  could  not  easily  cast  them  into  mortars  for  themselves., 
The  following  are  the  entries  referred  to  by  Mr.  Peacock  :— 

Page. 
Aswardbie.    One  handbell,  broken  the  start  of  yt,  and,  sold  to  Johnne 

Chamberlaine,  and  he  haith  made  a  morter  thereof      .     .       3d 

[There  was  a  "  sacringe  bell "  at  the  same  place.] 
Birton.        One  sacring  bell— William  Eland  had  and  hong  it  by  his 
[Burton  Goggles.]      horse  eare  a  long  tyme  but  nowe  yt  is  broken .    ".     .    -."  .       60 

[There  were  also  ij  handbelles  here.] 
Castlebytham.   Two  handbelles— sold  to  William  Craine   ....  which  he 

haith  made  a  brasen  morter  of 59 

Corringham.     One  other  handbell— lost  in  the  plague  tyme 61 

[Probably  the  pestilence  of  1563.] 

Gaton.        A  sacringe  bell- — was  given  to  the  parson  of  Tottill  Anno 

primo  Elizabeth  and  what  he  did  with  it  wee  knowe  not  .       83 

Glentworthe.   A  handbell— gone  we  cannot  tell  howe  the  same  yeare  [1565]  85 

Gretford.      One  sacringe  bell  stolen  awaie 91 

Habrough.     One  sacringe  bell  which  Thomas  Carter  had  and  he  haith 

made  a  horse-bell  therof  to  hange  at  a  horses  eare  ...  95 

Hemswell.     ij  hande  belles — solid  to  Robertt  Aestroppe  one  of  the  sayd 

churche wardens  to  make  a  mortar  off 103 

Hoghe.       A  sacringe  bell — sold  to  Austen  Earle  to  put  about  a  calves 

neck 105 

Lundonthorp.    A  handbell — sold  to  our  vicar  that  now  is  who  hathe  made 

a  morter  of  it      .         ;     .     .     114 

Osbornbie.    The  handbelles  sold  to  Tho.  Bell  and  William  Pell  and  thei 

have  made  brase  morters  with  them 120 

North  Reston.  A  sacring  bell,  a  pix,  a  cresmatorie,  ij  crewetes,  one  alb 
and  a  stole — Sir  Robert  Dyon  our  vicar  had  and  what  is 
become  of  theim  wee  knowe  not  but  John  Dyon  esquier 
was  his  executor 126 

Scotter.  One  handbell— was  taken  out  of  our  church  three  years 
agoo,  Thome  Luddington  then  churchwarden,  by  whome 
we  know  not •.  133 

Market  Reason.  Our  handbell— was  gone  out  of  our  church,  as  our  vicar 

saith  by  a  madd  woman  a  yeare  ago 124 

Vlceby.  One  crysmatorie,  one  pix,  one  paire  of  sensers,  one  paxe,  one 
sacringe  bell,  one  crewett,  made  awaie  and  gone  we  know 
not  howe  nor  what  is  become  of  them :  .  155 

Some  confusion  appears  to  exist  with  regard  to  the  sanctus  or 
sauuce  bell,  and  the  sacring  bell.  It  is  hoped  that  the  following 
notes  will  contribute  to  a  clearer  understanding  of  the  subject. 

The  often-quoted  constitution  of  Robert  Winchelsey,  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  made  circa  1305,  enjoins  that  the  parish- 


Nov.  24.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  27 

loners  in  every  church  should  find  "  campanas  cum  chordis," 
i.e.  bells  with  ropes  to  ring  them,*  and  "Lucernam  et  Tintin- 
nabulum  ad  deferendum  coram  corpore  Christi,  in  Visitatione 
Infirmorurn,"  that  is,  a  lantern  and  a  little  portable  bell  for  the 
purpose  mentioned.!  And  Archbishop  John  Peceham's  con- 
stitution, made  in  1281,  prescribes  that  at  the  Elevation  of  the 
Host  the  bells  be  rung,  "  pulsentur  campansu  ab  una  parte  ad 
minus,"  according  to  Lyndwode's  quotation  ;  J  a  in  uno  latere," 
according  to  the  Oxford  text  of  the  entire  constitution,  in  order 
that  the  people  in  the  fields  or  at  home,  unable  to  attend  mass 
daily,  should  bend  the  knee,  &c.  Here,  whatever  may  be  meant 
by  "  ab  una  parte  ad  minus,"  or  by  u  in  uno  latere,"  it  is 
clear  that  the  campana  to  be  rung  must  be  a  bell  of  considerable 
size  in  order  to  admit  of  its  being  heard  at  a  distance.  And, 
indeed,  Lyndwode,  commenting  on  the  text,  says,  "  Campance. 
Non  intelligas  de  pluribus  illo  tempore  simul  pulsandis  in  una 
ecclesia,  quia  sufficit  imam  sonari ;  sed  pluraliter  loquitur 
respectu  plurium  ecclesiarum.  Et  hsec  pulsatio  fieri  debet  de 
Campanis  illis  quse  longius  possent  audiri,  quod  satis  patet  per 
rationem  quse  sequitur." 

This  definition  would  be  answered  by  one  of  the  ordinary 
church  bells,  where  there  was  a  ring  of  bells  in  a  belfry,  or  by 
such  a  bell  as  was  sometimes  hung  in  the  bell-cote  on  the  east 
gable  of  the  nave,  either  alone  or  with  one  or  as  in  some  cases 
two  fellows.  And  it  seems  reasonable  to  suppose  that  where  a 
particular  bell  was  appropriated  to  the  purpose  specified  in  the 
Constitutions,  it  was  usually  the  bell  which  hung  in  the  bell- 
cote,  now  generally  known  as  the  "  Sanctus  Bell,"  although 
indeed  it  is  commonly  said  to  take  its  name  from  the  circum- 
stance of  its  having  been  rung  when  the  priest  began  the  ter- 
sanctus,  just  before  commencing  the  canon  of  the  mass. 

In  the  Surrey  Inventories  of  Church  Goods,  §  the  Saunce, 
Sance  or  Sanctes  Bell  frequently  occurs. 

At  Dorking,  p.  12,  are  specified  five  bells  in  the  steeple — a 
chyme,  a  clocke,  and  a  saunce  bell. 

At  Puttcnham,  p.  15,  four  bells  in  the  steeple  and  a  saunce 
bell. 

At  Tlmrsley,  p.  17,  three  bells  in  the  steeple  and  a  saunctes 
bell,  w eying  di c,  'i.e.9  half  a  hundred  weight. 

*  In  the  Statutes  of  John  Pcccham,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  given  in 
Wilkins,  ii.  49,  the  same  provision  is  required  ;  the  words  are  "  lariterna  cum 
tintinnabulo,  campanas  in  campanili,  et  cordos  ad  easdem." 

f  Lyndwode.  Do  Ecclesiis  edijicandis,  c.  Ut  Parockiani,  p.  251,  Oxford 
Edition. 

J  De  Celebratione  Missarum,  c.  A  Itlssimus,  p.  231. 

§  Inventories  of  Goods,  &c.,  in  Churches  of  Surrey.  Ed.  J.  B.  Daniel-Tyssen, 
F.S.A.  1869.  Reprinted  from  Surrey  Archasological  Collections,  vol.  iv. 


28 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1870, 


At  Sele.  p.  30,  three  bells  and  a  sance  bell. 
At  Horsellj  p.  33,  three  bells  in  the  steeple  and  a  saunce  bell. 
At  Shalford,  p.  35,  a  lettill  bell,  called  a  sawnce  bell,  conteyn- 
ing  by  extymacion  xxv  Ib.  weight. 

At  Wonersh,-p.  37,  four  bells  and  one  saunce  bell,   waing 

liiij  Ib. 

At  Wimbledon,  p.  42,  three  bells  and  a  saunce  bell. 

At  Cheam,  p.  67,  four  bells  in  the  steeple  and  a  lytell  bell 
called  the  scanctus  bell. 

At  Mordon,  p.  68,  three  bells  and  a  sanctes  bell. 

At  Oxted,  p.  120,  four  great  belles  and  one  saunce  bell. 

And  so  on  in  many  other  instances. 

From  these  entries,  especially  those  which  give  the  weight'  of 
the  saunce  bell,  it  is  plain  that  it  was  not  a  hand-bell. 

With  regard  to  the  sacring  bell  however  it  is  to  be  observed 
that  the  Promptorium  Parvulorum  translates  "  Belle "  Cam- 
pana,  and  a  Sacrynge  belle  "  Tintinnabulum.  Just  above  the 
last  word,  we  read — 

Sacryn,  or  halwyn,  Consecro,  sacro. 
Sacryn  in  the  messe,  Consecro. 
Sacrynge  of  the  masse,  Consecratio. 

With  which  interpretation  agrees  the  following  passage  from 
John  Myrc's  Instructions  for  Parish  Priests,*  lines  278—287, 
where,  speaking  of  orderly  behaviour  in  church,  he  says  :— 

And  whenne  )>e  Gospelle  i-red  be  schalle, 

Teche  hem  J?enne  to  stonde  up  alle, 

And  blessef  [hem]  feyre  as  J>ey  conne. 

And  whenne  >e  gospel  ys  i-done, 

Teche  hem  oft  to  knele  downe  sone; 

And  whenne  they  here  the  bell  ryng, 

To  that  holy  sakerynge, 

Teche  hem  knele  downe  boj>e  gonge  and  olde, 

And  bo}>e  here  handes  up  to  holde,  &c. 

The  sacring-bell  then  rung  at  the  Consecration  in  the  Mass 
was  not  a  campana,  or  ordinary  large  church  bell,  but  a  small 
bell,  tintinnabulum,  suitable  for  ringing  inside  the  church. 
Usually,  no  doubt,  as  in  Roman  Catholic  churches  at  the  present 
day,  a  portable  "  hand-bell "  was  used  for  this  purpose.  In 
one  instance  however,  that  of  Hawsted  church,  a  bell,  6 
inches  in  diameter,  remains  or  lately  remained,  {  hung  in  the 
rood-loft,  which  can  hardly  have  been  anything  but  a  sacring- 
bell.  Such  was  also  in  all  probability  the  "  little  bell  belonging 
to  "  a  screen  on  the  north  side  of  the  chancel  of  Warton  church 

*  Edited  by  Mr.  Peacock  for  the  Early  English  Text  Society,  1868. 
f  i.  e.  cross  themselves. 

of  \M  ^Sl^TS  ?aws.ted'  P-  34'    This  tell  is  noticed  in  an  inventory 
637,  as     one  little  bell,  hanging  between  the  church  and  chancel." 


Nov.  24]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  29 

in  Lonsdale,  which  appears  to  have  been  in  existence  at  some 
time  during  the  last  century.* 

Though  the  portable  sacring-bell  was  frequently  of  silver,  as 
appears  from  many  of  the  printed  inventories  of  the  larger 
churches,  yet  this  was  not  always  the  case.  The  sacring-bell 
at  Farley  in  Surrey  (ub.  supra,  p.  110)  was  of  "  latyng,"  more 
usually  spelt  "  latten ;"  and  at  Sawtre,  in  28  Hen.  VIII.,  two 
boxes  of  ivory  and  six  sacryng  bells  were  sold  in  one  lot  for 
two  shillings,  f  This  also  appears  from  Mr.  Peacock's  extracts 
given  above. 

That  the  saunce-bell  and  the  sacring-bell  were  not  identical 
may  perhaps  be  considered  as  proved.  Should  further  proof  be 
needed  it  will  be  found  in  the  Inventories,  which  specify  sacring- 
bells  as  existing  in  churches  where  there  was  also  a  saunce  bell. 

Thus  in  the  cases  of  some  of  the  Surrey  churches,  already 
mentioned,  we  find  at  Horsell  two  "  sackring  belles;"  at 
Wimbledon,  a  "  sackering-bell ;"  at  Oxted,  one  "  sacryng-bell." 

As  will  have  been  seen,  the  small  bell  ringing  within  the 
church  is  not  required  for  the  service  of  the  mass  by  the  Pro- 
vincial Constitutions  cited  above ;  it  would  seem,  however,  from 
the  following  passage,  that  the  concurrent  use  of  the  two  bells 
is  to  be  found  as  early  as  1287  : — "  Hostia  autem  ita  levatur 
in  altum,  ut  a  fidelibus  circumstantibus  valeat  intueri.  Paro- 
chiani  vero  sollicite  exhortentur  ut  in  elevatione  corporis  Christi 
non  irreverenter  se  inclinent,  sed  genuflectant,  et  creatorem 
suum  adorent  omni  devotione  et  reverentia ;  ad  quod  per  cam- 
panellge  pulsationem  primitus  excitentur  et  in  elevatione  ter 
tangatur  campana  major."  J 

Mr.  Peacock  has  remarked  that  in  Lincolnshire  hand-bells 
occurred  together  with  sacring  bells  in  the  same  church.  This 
was  also  the  case  in  Surrey  in  many  instances.  The  hand  bell 
is,  in  two  instances  at  least,  called  a  corse-bell,  probably  from  its 
being  used  at  funerals.§  Thus  at  West  Horsley  ||  there  was  "  a 
sacring  bell  and  a  corse  bell."  At  Send  and  Bipley,  "  two  small 
sacring  bells"  and  a  "  corse  bell."  In  neither  case  are  the  hand- 
bells mentioned.  At  Addington  If  was  a  u  procession  bell," 
besides  the  sacring  bell.  "  One  .broken  bell  for  procession  " 

*  Whitaker's  Kichmondshire,  ii.  295. 

f  ArchaBologia,  xliii.  232. 

J  Synod.  Exon.  1287,  Wilkins,  Cone.  ii.  132.  It  may  prove  to  be  the  fact 
that  in  process  of  time  the  ringing  of  the  external  bell  was  advanced  from  the 
moment  of  consecration  to  the  commencement  of  the  Tersanctus  as  a  warning  to 
persons  outside  the  church  to  enter. 

§  "  A  hand-bell  is  invariably  used  at  funerals  in  Italy,  Sicily,  and  Malta,  and 
commonly  so  in  France  and  Spain,  as  a  signal  to  clear  the  way,  and  elicit  a 
prayer  for  the  departed." — Walcott,  Sacred  Archaeology,  p.  69. 

||  Surrey  Inv.'p.  19. 

f  Ibid.  p.  65. 


30  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1870, 

was  all  that  remained  at  Sanderstead,  besides  the  two  -  bells  in 
the  steeple. 

This  hand-bell  was  no  doubt  the  "  tintinnabulum  which  was 
to  be  used  in  the  visitation  of  the  sick.  Lyndwode,  commenting 
on  another  constitution  of  John  Peecham,  has  a  curious  passage, 
in  which  he  says,  that,  if  the  priest  cannot  get  an  attendant  to 
carry  the  bell  and  lantern,  he  must  carry  them  himself,  hanging 
the  lantern  over  his  arm  —  or,  as  is  done  in  extensive  country 
parishes,  the  priest  may  fasten  both  bell  and  lantern  round  his 
horse's  neck.* 

Sir  WILLIAM  TITE,  C.B.,  M.P.,  V.P.,  exhibited  the  following 
objects  :  — 

1.  A  Vase  of  thin  brownish- 
black    ware,    an    imitation 
apparently   of   a   vessel    of 
Kimmeridge     coal.        Dia- 
meter 4J  inches  ;  height  2| 
inches. 

2.  A  Bronze  Fibula,  of  a 
hasp  shape,  much  decayed. 

VASE  FROM  KELVEDON.  3 


^ 

These  two  objects  were  discovered  on  the  south  side  of  the 
great  Roman  road  from  Chelmsford  to  Colcbester,  in  the  parish 
of  Kelvedon,  on  an  estate  called  Dorward's  Hall,  belonging  to 
Henry  Dixon,  Esq.  About  ten  or  fifteen  years  ago  some  of 
Mr.  Dixoivs  workmen  were  trenching  a  field,  when  they  came 
upon  the  remains  of  Roman  burial.  There  were  several  urns 
containing  burnt  bones,  and  a  considerable  number  of  copper 
coins.  The  latter  are  lost,  and  the  vase  and  fibula  are  all  that 
have  been  preserved.  These  specimens  have  since  been  pre- 
sented to  the  British  Museum. 

The  vase  exhibits  considerable  similarity  in  form  to  the  vessels 
of  Kimmeridge  coal  discovered  by  the  late  Lord  Braybroke,  at 
Great  Chesterford,  in  Essex,  f 

3.  A  covered  Goblet  of  glass,  decorated  with  engraving  of 
an  unusually  deep  execution,  representing  amorini  and  vine- 
branches.  The  cover  has  a  knob  of  silver,  enamelled  and  gilt. 
The  end  of  ^  the  rod  or  screw  by  which  this  knob  is  attached  to 
the  cover  is  concealed  by  a  plaque,  enamelled  with  the  coat 
armour  of  John  Hugo  von  Orsbeck,  Bishop  of  Spire  1675,  and 
Archbishop  of  Treves  and  Prince  Elector  1676  to  1711,  when 
he  died,  holding  both  sees. 

*  Lyndwode,  De  reliquiis.&c.  c.  diffnitslmum,  ad  verha  Ivmine  prevfo;  p  249 

t  See  Archaeological  Journal,  xiv.  87. 


Nov.  24.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  31 

The  blazon  of  the  arms  is  as  follows  : — 

Quarterly  of  four. 

(1.)  Argent,  a  cross  gules.     Archbishoprick  of  Tr eves. 

(2.)  Gules,  a  holy  lamb  proper.  Abbey  of  Prum,  in  the  forest 
of  Ardennes,  united  in  1576  to  the  archdiocese  of  Treves. 

(3.)  Gules,  a  castle  double-towered  argent  masoned  sable, 
traversed  by  a  pastoral  staff  in  bend  and  ensigned  with  a  crown 
of  the  second.  The  provostship  of  Weissenburg,  united  to  Spire 
in  1545. 

(4.)  Azure,  a  cross  argent.     Bishopric  of  Spires. 

Surtout,  on  an  inescucheon  : — Or,  a  saltire  gules,  between 
three  waterlily  leaves  proper.  Orsbeck. 

Ensigned  with  an  Electoral  hat.  Behind  the  shield  the  pastoral 
staff  and  the  sword  in  saltire.  Motto,  on  a  scroll :  — 

JOAN  .  HVGO  .  D.G.  ARC.  TREV.  PR.  EL.  EP.  SP. 

The  whole  cup  and  knob  about  7  inches  in  height. 

4.  A  plain  Gold  Eing  of  unusual  thickness,  engraved  inside 
with  this  posy : 

/  Esteeme  Vertue  more  then  gould. 
Found  at  Colyton,  in  Devonshire. 

Lord  WHARNCLIFFE  exhibited  a  Romano- Celtic  Sword  of  iron, 
with  a  bronze  scabbard,  of  similar  character  to  those  figured  in 
plate  xviii.  of  Horse  Ferales.  Found  in  Wensleydale  in  1870. 

On  this  exhibition,  A.  W.  FRANKS,  Esq.  V.P.  made  some 
remarks,  which  will  appear,  together  with  a  figure  of  the  sword 
and  its  scabbard,  in  the  Appendix  to  Archoaologia,  vol.  xliii. 

ALEXANDER  NESBITT,  Esq.  F.S.A.  communicated  a  paper  on 
Wall  Decorations  in  sectile  work,  as  used  by  the  Romans,  illus- 
trated by  drawings  of  such  work  now  existing  in  the  Palazzo 
Albani  at  Rome  ;  and  by  an  exhibition  of  fragments  of  glass 
used  in  this  kind  of  decoration,  which  he  had  obtained  in  Italy, 
and  had  partially  arranged  so  as  to  restore  the  original  patterns. 
This  communication  will  be  printed  in  the  Archaeologia. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communications. 


32  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1870, 


Thursday,  December  1st,  1870. 
J.  WINTER  JONES,  Esq.  V.P.  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : 

From  the  Royal  Institution  of    Great  Britain  :-Additions  to  the  Library. 
Nos.  7  and  12.    July  1863-4,  and  July  1868-9.     8vo. 

From  the  Author,  the  Rev.  J.  F.  Russell,  B.C.L.  F.S.A.  :- 

1    Eight  Tracts  from  The  Ecclesiologist.     8vo.     London,  1852-66. 

(1.)  Thoughts  on  the  revival  of  Panel  Painting,  in  the  style  of  the  four- 
teenth  and  fifteenth  centuries,  in  connection  with  Ecclesiastical  Decora- 
tion. 1852. 

(2.)  Early  Christian  Pictures  at  Berlin.     1852.     (March.) 

(3.)  On  the  same  subject.     1852.    (October.) 

(4.)  Some  notes  of  a  Tour  in  Germany.     1858. 

(5.)  The  same  subject.    No.  2.     1859. 

(6.)  The  same  subject  again.    No.  3.     1859. 

(7.)  Basilican  Arrangement  of  Churches.     1.     1863. 

(8.)  A  Few  Gleanings  from  Normandy.     1866. 

2.  On  the  Painted  Glass  in  Fairford  Church,  Gloucester,  and  its  claim  to  be 

considered  the  work  of  Albert  Durer.     (From  Archaeological  Journal,  xxv.) 

8vo.    London,  1868. 

From  the  Royal  Institute  of  British  Architects  : — Sessional  Papers,  1870-71. 
No.  2.     4to.    London,  1870. 

William,  Viscount  Milton,  M.P.  was  admitted  a  Fellow. 

The  Rev.  H.  T.  GRIFFITH,  Local  Secretary  for  the  county  of 
Norfolk,  communicated  a  notice  of  a  discovery  of  Roman  re- 
mains at  Bessingham,  in  that  county,  in  a  letter  addressed  to 
the  Secretary,  from  which  the  following  is  an  extract : — 

"  I  write  to  apprise  you  of  a  slight  discovery  of  Roman 
remains  in  the  parish  of  Bessingham,  about  6  miles  to.  the  S.W. 
from  Cromer.  Some  workmen  in  the  employ  of  Daniel  Spurrell, 
Esq.  (the  principal  landed  proprietor  in  the  parish)  were 
engaged  in  sinking  a  sand-pit  on  that  gentleman's  estate,  when 
they  came  upon  various  fragments  of  Roman  pottery,  about 
4  feet  below  the  surface  of  the  ground. 

"  These  fragments  are  principally  of  the  common  blue  clay, 
and  perfectly  plain ;  one  or  two  of  them  however  are  of  a  finer 
clay,  of  a  brown  colour,  and  having  the  sides  ribbed  or  fluted 
spirally.  There  is  no  whole  vessel  remaining,  and  the  various 
portions  appear  to  be  those  of  cups  or  other  small  vessels. 


Dec,  1.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  33 

With  them  were  found  a  few  human  boues.  I  have  sought  in 
vain  for  any  apparent  indication  of  the  connection  of  these 
remains  with  the  Roman  system  of  centuriation  as  expounded 
in  Mr.  H.  C.  Coote's  paper  in  the  Archaeologia,  vol.  xlii. 

u  This  disco  very ,  trivial  as  it  may  appear,  is  so  far  interesting, 
as  confirmatory  evidence  that  Bessingham  was  once  in  Roman 
occupation,  a  fact  which  has  been  shown  by  remains  of  some- 
what similar  description  having  been  not  unfrequently  turned 
up  during  the  last  twenty  years ;  and  amongst  others  the  almost 
perfect  half  of  a  Roman  hand-mill.  In  the  parish  is  a  large 
flat  mound,  of  artificial  construction,  which  goes  amongst  the 
villagers  by  the  name  of  '  The  Castle,'  but  which  I  take  to  have 
been  a  barrow.  This  was  unfortunately  planted  thickly  with 
trees,  some  three  or  four  years  ago,  or,  I  believe,  I  could  have 
induced  Mr.  Spurrell  to  have  it  trenched.  There  is  no  record 
of  there  having  been  any  *  Castle  '  at  Bessingham,  and  it  is 
scarcely  likely  that  there  would  have  been  one  so  near  to  '  Gres- 
ham  Castle,'  once  in  the  occupation  of  the  great  Norfolk  family 
of  Paston,  and  of  which  the  site  and  some  foundations  are  yet 
discernible  at  Gresham,  less  than  a  mile  distant  from  the  mound 
in  question, 

"  The  Parish  Church  of  Bessingham  is  remarkable  as  con- 
taining a  Saxon  tower,  admitted  to  be  such  by  most  antiquaries, 
from  the  peculiar  form  of  the  windows  in  it.  This  church,  the 
main  body  of  which  is  of  late  Perpendicular  work,  and  (until 
lately)  in  a  state  of  deplorable  dilapidation,  was  (  restored '  last 
year.  The  whole  of  the  south  wall  and  the  chancel-end  of  the 
north  wall  had  to  be  taken  down  on  that  occasion,  but  the  west 
end  of  the  north  wall  was  found  to  be  a  remarkably  solid  piece 
of  masonry,  apparently  coeval  with  the  tower  itself." 

JAMES  WYATT,  Esq.  Local  Secretary  for  Bedfordshire,  com- 
municated the  following  account  of  discoveries  recently  made  at 
Hartford,  in  Huntingdonshire  : — 

"  I  have  the  pleasure  of  reporting  the  discovery  of  some 
interesting  relics  at  the  village  of  Hartford,  about  a  mile  from 
Huntingdon  and  two  miles  from  Godmanchester  (the  Roman 
station  of  Durolippns).  Last  week  I  heard  that  some  "  skeletons 
and  pots "  had  been  found  there  in  a  gravel  pit,  and  subse- 
quently had  a  communication  from  Dr.  Rix,  your  Local  Secre- 
tary for  that  county,  which  gave  me  sufficient  authority  to  step 
over  my  own  border  into  his  territory.  On  Monday,  the  30th 
May,  I  therefore  went  to  Hartford  and  found  that  the  Rev. 
George  Finder,  the  respected  vicar  of  the  parish,  had  done  the 
best  he  could  under  the  circumstances  to  obtain  correct  informa- 
tion and  preserve  some  of  the  relics.  In  a  gravel-pit  there  the 

VOL.Y.  D 


g4  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1870, 

workmen  had  found  four  human  skeletons,  which  they  said  were 
'   -position;  but,  on  closely  exammmg  the  site  and 
'several  statements.  I  came  to  the  conclusion  that  the 


evera  , 

was  not  substantiated   but  that,  m  al  1  J»jbabijty 
after  the  bodies  had  been  buried,  the  light  soil  ^g  m  Jat 
spot  and  so  disturbed  their  original  posihon.     I  ^v\^™ 
to  be  the  case  in  the  gravel-pits  at  Kempston,  where  .many 
skeletons    have    been   found    in    the   Anglo-Saxon   cemetery 
About  8  feet  from  these  bodies  was  a  large  urn,  from  10  to 
inches  high,  full  of  calcined  bones,  and  inverted     Near  this  was 
a  quantity  of  charcoal,  several  burnt  stones,  and  a  fragment  of 
a  flint  knife  or  flake,  also  burnt.    About  two  yards  further  was  a, 
smaller  urn  somewhat  of  the  form  of  the  so-called  incense  cups. 
This  was  «  smoshed  "  and  lost.     Both  these  vessels  were  made 
from  a  coarse  dark-coloured  clay,  and  being  only  slightly  baked 
were  very  fragile.     The  larger  urn  was   hand-made,  with  a 
slight  lipped   rim,  and  no  other   ornamentation  than    a  small 
rude  fillet  round  the   shoulder   or   widest  part.  ^  The  side   of 
the  gravel  pit  showed  the  section  of  the  hole  which  had  been 
made   for  the   deposit   of  the   urn,   and    in  the   debris  were 
found  an  annular  fibula  of  iron,  nearly  2|  inches  in  diameter, 
and  a  bronze  pin  3^  inches  long  with  a  flattened  head.     The 
workmen  informed  me   that   numerous   urns   had  been  found 
in  this  and   another   field,  but   were  always    "smoshed,"   for 
nobody  took  any  account  of  them  till  Mr.  Finder  knew  of  this 
last   find.     Both    these   urns   were    of  similar    outline    to   the 
rudest  types  found  in  Bedfordshire,  at  Kempston  and  Sandy. 
From  the  vicarage  garden,  adjoining  the  site  where  the  skeletons 
were  found,  the  Rev.   Gr.  Finder  has  obtained  several  Roman 
coins,  which  he  handed  to  me,  and  a  portion  of  a  Roman  mill- 
stone ;  and  in  the  alluvial  soil  over  the  gravel  at  the  pit  there 
has  been  found  a  portion  of  a  British  quern  of  pudding-stone 
conglomerate,  and  a  very  fine  celt,   constructed  from  a  light 
grey,  finely-grained  "  greenstone."     This  celt  is  7  inches  long, 
3f  inches  across  at  the  widest  part,  and  If  inches  thick,  being 
of  the  broad  and  short  type  which  is  seen  to  prevail  amongst  the 
specimens   discovered   in   the   eastern   part   of   England   more 
especially.     Although  a  portion  of  the  smaller  end  is  broken  the 
exact  proportions  may  be  well  imagined.     The  broader  end  is 
complete,  and  retains  its  sharp  edge :  the  sides  are  worked  to  a 
thinner  edge  than  is  seen  on  the  Scandinavian  examples  gene- 
rally, and  the  whole  surface  is  wrought  up  to  a  perfect  smooth- 
ness and  polish.     It  is  entirely  due  to  the  Rev.  George  Finder 
that  a  system  of  conservation  of  such  relics  has  now  commenced 
in  a  locality  apparently  prolific  in  objects  of  antiquarian  interest. 
"  The  discovery  here  noted  is  curious  in  respect  to  the  variety 


Dec.  1.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  35 

of  objects  representing  different  periods  found  on  the  same  spot. 
The  upper  portion  of  the  section  has  produced  early- Celtic  and 
Roman  relics,  the  excavation  into  the  gravel  has  yielded  Saxon 
and  Koman  in  close  contiguity,  and  in  the  lowest  stratum  of 
the  gravel  have  been  found  tusks  and  molars  of  elephas  primi- 
genius  and  rhinoceros  tichorhinus,  and  an  artificial  flint-flake. 

"  There  are  also  in  this  parish  some  remarkable  earthworks 
which  deserve  an  investigation,  in  which  the  owner  of  the  lands 
should  be  interested.  One  of  these,  although  only  about  two  feet 
above  the  ordinary  level  of  the  pasture,  retains  a  very  distinct 
outline,  and  reminds  the  observer  of  the  curious  mounds  of  the 
valley  of  the  Mississippi,  as  it  represents  a  turtle  flattened  and 
elongated.  I  hope  it  may  be  possible  to  report,  at  some  future 
time,  a  complete  investigation  of  this  and  some  other  mounds  in 
the  parish." 

S.  BUTTON  WALKER,  Esq.  Local  Secretary  for  Nottingham- 
shire, communicated,  in  a  letter  addressed  to  the  Secretary,  the 
following  notes  on  ancient  interments  lately  brought  to  light  at 
Hucknall,  co.  Notts:  — 

"  I  forward  to  you  a  drawing  which  I  have  made  to  elucidate 
the  description  of  a  curious  discovery  which  has  been  made  in 
the  parish  of  Hucknall  (the  burial  place  of  the  Poet  Byron). 
Some  little  time  ago  a  Local  Board  of  Health  was  formed  in 
the  village,  and  the  result  has  been  the  formation  of  sewers  to 
carry  off  the  drainage.  In  the  course  of  these  works  a  drain 
about  four  feet  wide  was  excavated  in  a  straight  line  across  a 
grass-field  belonging  to  the  Duke  of  Portland,  and  in  the  occupa- 
tion of  Mrs.  Mary  Walker.  This  drain,  in  its  course  of  about 
108  feet  from  the  wall  of  the  play-ground  of  the  village  school, 
crossed  at  irregular  intervals  five  spots  where  the  limestone  rock 
had  at  some  former  period  been  excavated  to  depths  slightly  vary- 
ing in  each  case.  These  breaks  in  the  limestone  were  evidently 
portions  of  'a  series  of  shallow  graves  or  trenches  running  nearly 
parallel  to  each  other,  and  in  a  direction  nearly  at  right  angles 
to  that  of  the  new  drain,  and  each  trench  had  been  used  for 
interments.  While  excavating,  the  workmen  came  upon  no  less 
than  35  skeletons  occuping  these  five  graves.  The  first  grave, 
about  22  feet  from  the  wall,  was  about  7  feet  wide,  as  if  afford- 
ing space  for  one  row  of  bodies.  The  next,  8  feet  beyond  the 
first,  was  also  7  feet  wide.  Beyond  this,  at  an  interval  of  about 
6  feet,  was  the  third  grave,  20  feet  across,  as  if  for  a  double  row 
of  interments ;  followed  at  intervals  of  4  and  8  feet  by  the 
fourth  and  fifth  graves,  which  were  14  feet  and  12  feet  wide 
respectively. 

D  2 


3(5  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1870, 

"  From  my  examination  of  the  section  I  am  of  opinion  that 
the  trenches  are  of  some  length,  though,  from  the  refusal  of 
the  occupier  to  allow  of  any  further  excavations,  we  cannot  say 
to  what  length  they  may  run. 

"  As  you  will  perceive  from  the  section  there  is  very  little  soil 
above  the  limestone,  from  8  to  12  inches  on  an  average,  and  the 
persons  who  buried  the  bodies  evidently  did  not  like  digging  in 
the  limestone,  for  the  trenches  or  graves  are  none  of  them 
more  than  2  ft.  9  in.  deep,  and  some  not  more  than  2  feet. 
Some  of  the  bones  are  very  large,  and  the  skulls  very-  thick, 
and  depressed  towards  the  front.  So  far  as  the  excavation  has 
proceeded,  no  children's  bodies  have  been  found  :  it  is,-  therefore, 
presumable  that  they  are  the  remains  of  persons  slain  in  battle. 
Many  of  the  bodies  seem  to  have  been  thrown  in.  The  remains 
disturbed  have  been  put  into  a  coffin,  and  are  now  in  the  tower 
of  the  church.  The  field  is  known  to  have  been  pasture  land  for 
upwards  of  100  years. 

"  The  surface  of  the  ground  is  quite  level  and  does  not  m  any 
way  assume  the  form  of  a  tumulus  or  barrow. 

"  Newstead  is  within  about  one  mile  and  a-half. 

a  I  do  not  know  whether  the  discovery  will  be  sufficiently 
interesting  to  any  of  the  Fellows  to  induce  them  to  visit  the 
spot,  with  the  view  of  further  investigating  the  nature  of  the 
interments  thus  discovered  ;  but  if  anything  be  done  it  should 
be  quickly,  as  the  trench  cut  for  the  drain  will  no  doubt  be 
shortly  filled  up." 

W.  H.  H.  KOGERS,  Esq.  Local  Secretary  for  Devonshire, 
exhibited  a  Deed  of  Grant  by  Hugh  de  Courtenay,  Junior, 
accompanied  by  the  following  note  : — 

"  Through  the  kindness  of  the  Chamber  of  Feoffees  here,  I 
have  been  examining  a  number  (upward  of  sixty)  of  ancient 
deeds  in  their  possession,  relating  mostly  to  the  transfer  of  small 
messuages  or  burgages  in  the  ancient  village  of  Colyford,  lying 
between  this  and  Seaton,  and  which  was  formerly  a  place  of 
greater  pretensions,  and  a  < borough'  held  under  the  Courtenays, 
though  the  history  of  the  place  seems  now  involved  in  great 
obscurity, 

"  The  feoffees  still  hold  considerable  property  in  the  borough, 
which  has  its  fair,  elects  a  mayor,  who  is  also  constable  and 
way  warden  within  the  precinct,  "&c. ,  and  there  is  a  very  ancient 
iron  mace  or  staff  of  office  still  existing,  and  which  is  handed 
from  successor  to  successor  in  this  rustic  mayoralty.  I  hope  to 
be  enabled  some  day  to  show  the  Society 'the  mace,  but  the 
good  people  of  Colyford  are  very  jealous  of  its  custodv. 


Dec.  1.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  37 

"  The  deeds  to  which  I  allude  commence  at  the  beginning  of 
the  reign  of  Edward  III.  and  extend  nearly  to  the  close  of  that 
of  Henry  V III. 

u  The  most  interesting  in  the  whole  series  is  the  inclosed, 
which  is  a  grant  by  Hugh  de  Courtenay,  Junior,  of  the  rever- 
sion of  one  burgage  tenement  and  a  half  in  Culliford  to  John 
Wylemot  of  that  place  and  Juliana  his  wife  ;  dated  at  Colcombe, 
13  Edw.  III.  The  finely-engraved  seal  attached  to  this  deed  is 
unfortunately  imperfect.  It  is  about  an  inch  in  diameter,  and 
bears  on  an  escucheoii  placed  between  mullets,  and  surrounded 
by  a  border  of  tracery,  the  arms  of  Courtenay,  three  roundels 
(torteaux)  and  a  label.  Legend  [SlGILLVM  HUGONIS]  DE 
COVRTEN'." 

"  The  introduction  of  the  mullets  sufficiently  identifies  the 
grantor  with  Hugh  de  Courtenay,  third  of  that  name,  son  and 
heir  of  Hugh  Earl  of  Devon  and  Agnes  his  wife,  sister  of  John 
Lord  St.  John  of  Basing.  He  was  summoned  to  Parliament  in 
llth  Edw.  III.  by  the  name  of  "  Hugh  de  Courtenay  Junior," 
and  in  1340  succeeded  his  father  as  Earl  of  Devon. 

a  He  married  Margaret  the  daughter  of  Humphrey  de  Bohun, 
Earl  of  Hereford  and  Essex,  Lord  High  Constable,  by  his  wife 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Edward  I. 

u  They  had  seventeen  children,  and  were  buried  under  a  fine 
tomb,  with  their  recumbent  effigies  thereon  (he*  in  plate  and 
chain  armour,  she  in  crenelated  head-dress  and  long  gown,  with 
the  swan  of  Bohun  at  her  feet),  in  the  nave  of  Exeter  Cathedral. 
Within  a  few  years  past  this  tomb  has  been  moved  and  re- 
built in  a  situation  under  the  south  tower,  the  effigies  carefully 
restored  with  stucco ,  &G.  •  Truly  enough  may  we  tremble,  with 
such  an  example  as  this  before  us,  for  the  fate  of  the  fine  choir- 
screen  adjoining,  but  now  it  is  hoped,  thanks  to  the  Society's 
vigorous  remonstrance,  out  of  danger.* 

u  To  resume,  this  Hugh,  his  father,  and  grandfather  all  lived 
at  Colcombe  Castle  in  Colyton,  whence  the  deed  is  dated,  now  a 
fine  ruin  about  a  mile  and  a  half  distant  from  Colyford. 

UA  notice  of  this  deed  appears  under  the  head  of  '  The 
Devonshire  Antiquary'  in  my  *  Wanderings  in  Devon,'  1869." 

FREDERICK  HAINES,  Esq.  F  S.A.  exhibited  a  collection  of 
antiquities  from  Chichester,  which  were  thus  noticed  by  the 
Director : — 

"  Mr.  Haines  exhibits  this  evening  a  considerable  number  of 
objects  which  have  been  obtained  during  the  course  of  excava* 

-  See  Proceedings,  2  S.  iv.  458,  1C2. 


38  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1870, 

tions  which  have  recently  been  made  at  Chichester  -for  the 
purpose  of  laying  out  new  markets  in  that  city. 

"As  was  to  be  expected,  from  the  great  antiquity  of  the  place, 
the  excavations  have  produced  remains  of  British,  Roman,  Anglo- 
Saxon,  and  still  later  origin. 

"  The  specimens  exhibited  are,  I  understand,  only  a  few  out  of 
a  much  larger  number  which  have  come  to  light,  the  best  only 
having  been  selected,  and  it  is  interesting  to  see  in  juxtaposition 
a  collection  of  articles  of  various  dates,  all  obtained  from  the 
same  spot. 

"  The  earliest  of  these  antiquities  are  the  bronze  celts,  eight  in 
number.  These  are  not  of  uncommon  types,  and  similar  ones, 
will  be  found  in  the  plates  to  Horae  Ferales,  and  elsewhere. 

"  They  may  be  divided  into  two  classes — those  without,  and 
those  with  sockets.  Of  the  unsocketed  celts  there  are  three 
examples : 

1.  A  celt  six  inches  long,  with  broad  blade,  side  and  stop- 
ridges.     The  blade  is  ornamented  on  one  side  with  a  raised  rib, 
on  the  other  by  a  similar  rib  placed  between  two  shorter  ones. 
See  Horse  Ferales,  pi.  iv.  fig.  26,  in  which  example,  however, 
the  two  lateral  ribs  do  not  occur. 

2.  A  celt  of  similar  character,  but  4J  inches  long,  with  blade 
proportionately  much  more  narrow. 

3.  A  celt  of  similar  character,  but  still  narrower  almost  chisel- 
shaped  blade,  which  is  3|  inches  long,  the  haft  broken. 

Of  socketed  celts  there  are  five,  each  with  a  single  loop. 

1.  A  plain  celt,  4  inches  long,  socket  nearly  square. 

2.  A  plain  celt,  4£  inches  long,  socket  six-sided,  sides  of  the 
blade  bevelled  off  to  a  ridge. 

3.  A  celt  4£  inches  long,  its  socket  nearly  oval  in  section, 
with  three  somewhat  diverging  faint  ribs  on  the  blade.     Com- 
pare Horae  Ferales,  pi.  v.  fig.  7. 

4.  A  celt  3  inches  long,  nearly  square  socket,  of  the  same  type 
as   one  from  Barrington,  Cambridgeshire,  lately  exhibited  by 
Mr.  Byles.* 

5.  A  celt  3f  inches  long,  socket  inwardly  circular,  externally 
quadrangular,  with  curved  sides,  six  parallel  slightly-raised  ribs 
on  haft, 

"We  may  now  pass  to  antiquities  of  the  Roman  Period. 
Besides  several  fragments  of  the  ordinary  red  ware  called 
barman,  Mr  Haines  exhibits  a  vessel  of  blackish  ware,  about 
5  2  inches  high,  with  six  longitudinal  depressions  or  finger-marks, 
which  very  closely  resembles  the  specimen  engraved  in  the 

*  Ante,  p.  13. 


Dec.  1.] 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES. 


39 


STRAINER.       ^-SIZE. 


Archasologia,  vol.  xxxviii.  pi.  iii.  fig.  6,  from  the  New  Forest 
Potteries.*     See  Birch's  Hist,  of  Pottery,  ii.  364,  cut  No.  202. 

"  There  are  three  pieces  of  buff-coloured  ware,  namely,  a  small 
bottle,  a  fragment  probably  of  a  lamp, 
and  a  curious  implement,  consisting  of 
a  cylindrical  base  2£  inches  across  and 
about  half-an-inch  high,  pierced  with  fil- 
tering holes  and  furnished  with  a  neck 
and  lip,  apparently  to  be  used  for  strain- 
ing some  liquor.  This  little  object  seems 
to  be  entire,  and  not  a  mere  fragment  of 
a  larger  article.  The  woodcut  gives  a 
front  view  and  also  shows  the  holes  at  the 
bottom. 

"  Among  the  bronzes  are  one  very  ele- 
gant fibula  and  a  phallic  pendant. 

u  A  large*  dark-coloured  globular  bottle 
with  a  long  neck,  from  Littlehampton, 
would  at  first  sight  seem  to  be  Oriental 
and  of  no  antiquity.  It  was  found,  how- 
ever, below  the  surface,  near  the  sea-shore, 
and  Mr.  A.  W.  Franks  is  disposed  to  think  that  it  may  be  Roman, 
the  fine  scratched  lines  crossing  each  other  diagonally,  which 
this  bottle  exhibits,  appearing  on  undoubted  Roman  ware. 

"  Among  the  miscellaneous  antiquities  may  be  noticed  :  Two 
objects  in  yellow  mixed  metal,  which  would  appear  to  be 
a  leg  and  one  of  the  handles  of  such  a  vessel  as  is  figured  in 
Proceedings,  2  S.  iii.  198.  The  leg  is  nearly  of  the  same 
pattern ;  the  handle,  however,  is  not ;  it  approaches  more  nearly 
in  form  to  the  handles  of  the  Great  Hunting  Pot  preserved 
at  Warwick  Castle,  and  figured  in  Archaeologia,  vol.  xiv. 
plates  li.-liii.,  and  still  more  to  the  handle  of  a  large  pot  of 
brass,  dated  1640,  found  in  Ireland,  and  engraved  at  page  535 
of  Sir  W.  Wilde's  Catalogue  of  the  Museum  of  the  Royal  Irish 
Academy. 

"  There  is  a  pendant,  apparently  in  pewter,  with  the  full-faced 
head  of  a  man,  with  a  diadem  or  crown,  surrounded  by  five 
escallops,  which  project  and  foriri  a  sort  of  star.  This  object, 
which  seems  to  belong  to  the  thirteenth  century,  may  have 
belonged  to  a  horse  furniture. 

"  There  is  a  curious  bronze  stamp  or  seal,  square  in  the  field, 
and  with  the  figure  of  two  monsters  of  the  wyvern  order  inter- 
laced. The  lowness  of  the  relief  renders  it  likely  that  this  utensil 
was  intended  for  stamping  leather,  and  not  for  sealing.  If  it 

*  There  is  a,  specimen  almost  identical  with  this  in  the  British  Museum,  which 
has  just  been  photographed  very  successfully. 


40  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1870, 

were  a  seal,  it  is  of  a  very  unusual  form  for  ^  the  period  (the 
latter  half  of  the  thirteenth  century)  to  which  it  would  seem  t< 

36  ""Among  the  miscellanea  is  also  a  singularly  rude  fragment 
of  pottery,  worked  with  the  fingers  into  the  shape  of  a  saucer, 
probably  sun-dried. 

"  Lastly,  there  may  be  noticed  a  tradesman  s  token : 

Obv.    JOHN  .  SMITH  .  WITHOUT  .  THE  = 

On  a  wreath  a  demi  St.  Lawrence. 

Eev.  EASTGATE  .  OF  .  CHICHESTER  = 
HIS  HALFE  PENNY. 

Figured  in  Boyne's  English  Tokens,  p.  462,  pi.  32.  No.  3." 

PADRE  KAFFAELE  GARRUCCI,  Hon.  F.S.A.  communicated  an 
account  of  an  Inscription  on  a  Bronze  Tablet  in  the  Faliscan 
character,  from  Sta.  Maria  di  Falleri.  This  paper  will  be 
printed,  in  a  translation  by  W.  M.  Wylie,  Esq.  F.S.A.,  in  the 
Archseologia,  vol.  xliii. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communica- 
tions. 


Thursday,  December  8th,  1870. 
W.  H.  BLACK,  Esq.  Senior  Fellow  present,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  Her  Majesty's  Principal  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Home  Department : — 
By  the  Queen.  A  Proclamation  publishing  and  declaring  that  Parliament 
be  further  prorogued  to  Tuesday  the  17th  day  of  January  next.  Given  at 
Windsor,  29th  November,  1870,  34th  year  of  reign.  Broadside  folio.  (Two 
copies.) 

From  E.  Hailstone,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :— Five  Almanacks  for  1871,  in  the  Yorkshire 
Dialect.  Octavo. 

1.  The  Original  Illuminated  Clock  Almanack.    By  John  Hartley.    Halifax. 

2.  The  Nidderdill  Olminac.    By  Nattie  Nydds.     Pateley  Bridge. 

3.  "  Tommy's  Annual."     Leeds. 

4.  T'  Bairnsla  Foaks'  Annual.     Be  Tom  Treddlehoyle,  Esq.     Leeds  and 
London. 


Dec.  8.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  41 

5.  The  Dewsbre  Back  at  Mooin  Olmenac.      Be   Mungo    Shoddy,  Esq. 
Batley. 

From  the  Author  : — The  Popes  of  Kome,  from  the  Earliest  Times  to  Pius  IX., 
A.D.  1870.     By  William  Tayler,  Esq.  E.S.A.     8vo.     London,  1870. 

PATRICK  O'CALLAGHAN,  Esq.  D.C.L.  F.S.A.  exhibited  a 
valuable  collection  of  original  letters  and  documents  bearing  the 
signatures  of,  or  entirely  written  by,  members  of  the  Medici 
family  and  other  persons  of  distinction  who  lived  in  the  fifteenth 
and  sixteen  centuries.  The  following  is  a  notice  of  these  docu- 
ments, some  of  which,  as  will  be  seen,  possess  some  historical 
interest  independently  of  their  value  as  autographs. 

1.  Cosmo  de  Medicis   to    Philip  Mary  Duke  of  Milan   and 
Pavia,  &c.  (1412 — 1447)  recommending  a  captain  in  his  service. 
Italian. 

(Signed)  Vro  s'vitore, 

CHOSIMO  DE  MEDICIS. 

Addressed  :  Illustrissimo  principi  et  excellentissimo  Domino  Domino 

a  Vicecomitibus  Duci  Mediolani  et  Papie  Anglerie  Comiti  ac  Chremone 
Domino  Domino  meo  singularissimo. 

2.  Lorenzo  de  Medicis  (the  Great,  father  of  Pope  Leo  X.) 
to  Ser  Nicolo  Michelozzi. 

Io  ho  poi  pensato  allo  spaccio  di  Ser  Benedetto,  et  perlevera  o'gni  difficulta  dal 
canto  nostro.  Sono  contento,  quando  non  si  possa  fare  altrimenti  che  1'arcivescovo 
si  sottoscriva  a  quello  oblige,  restando  1'obligo  uelle  mani  di  Pavia.  Fatelo 
intendere  a  Ser  Benedetto,  che  quanto  piu  vi  penso,  pin  ne  ho  voglia. 

Al  Poggio,  a  di  xxvj  di  Giugno  1479,  a  ora  la. 

LORENZO  DE  MEDICIS. 
Addressed  :  S.  Nicolo  Michelozzi  dove  egle. 

3.  John  Cardinal  de    Medicis,   afterwards    Pope  Leo  X.  to 
Bernard    de'    Michelozzi,    Canon    of    Florence?     introducing 
Messer  Alexandro  Sarno  of  Bologna,  commissioned  to  treat  of 
some   important  affairs.     Latin.     Dated   at  Viterbo,   July   28. 
1506. 

(Signed)  Vr-  Jo.  CARUS  d  MEDICIS, 

Mann  pp!a. 

Addressed:  Venerabili  Viro  Domino 
Bernardo  de  Michelozzis  Canonico 
(Floren')*  Amico 

4.  Cardinal    Julius   de    Medicis    (afterwards    Pope    Clement 

*  The  address  of  the  letter  was  written  partly  on  the  slip  of  paper  with  which 
the  letter  was  fastened.  This  slip,  owing  to  the  manner  in  which  the  letter  is 
mounted,  cannot  be  replaced  in  situ,  consequently  some  doubt  may  exist  as  to 
the  word, 


42  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1870, 

VII.)  as  Vice-Chancellor  of  the  Pope,  to  an  anonymous  cor- 
respondent. 

In  reply  to  his  letter  of  the  xiiith  he  informs  him  that  the 
affairs  of  the  Galleons  are  in  good  order.  Will  write  again 
to  the  very  Reverend  Armellino  concerning  the  last  winter's  pay 
of  the  Galleons.  Incloses  a  note  on  maritime  affairs,  to  which  he 
requests  attention.  Florence,  May  15,  1520. 
Italian.  Holograph. 

Vr-  Jo.  VICECANCELL'. 

Julius  de  Medicis,  cousin  of  Pope  Leo  X.  held  the  Vice- 
Chancellorship  from  the  fourth  year  of  that  Pontiff  to  the  end  of 
his  reign.  On  the  death  of  Lorenzo  de  Medicis  Duke  of  Urbino 
and  Prince  of  the  Florentine  Republic  in  May  1519,  Pope  Leo 
found  it  necessary  to  adopt  measures  for  the  government  of  the 
Florentine  State,  which  at  this  time  had  become  wholly  sub- 
servient to  the  authority  of  the  Medici,  though  it  still  retained 
the  name  and  external  form  of  a  republic.  A  few  days  prior  to 
the  death  of  Lorenzo,  Leo  had  dispatched  to  Florence  the 
Cardinal  de  Medicis,  who  soon  after  assumed  the  superintendence 
of  the  State.  His  residence  at  Florence  continued  nearly  two 
years,  f  during  which  time  his  government  reflected  great  credit 
on  himself.  It  is  to  this  period  that  Dr.  O'Callaghan's  letter, 
which  is  dated  from  Florence,  belongs. 

5.  Catherine  de  Medicis,  dowager  queen  of  France,  to  Doro- 
thea, Duchess  of  Brunswick- Calenburg,  dated    Paris,  October 
8th,  1581.     This  holograph  letter  of  thanks  for  inquiries  after 
the  writer's  health,  which  she  states  to  be  good,  is  addressed 

A  ma  nyepsse 

Madame  la  Duchesse  de  Brunsuig, 
and  is  signed 

V're  bonne  tan te, 

CATERINE. 

The  expression  niece,  used  by  Catharine  de  Medicis,  Was  a  mere 
complimentary  or  friendly  form  of  speech.  The  actual  connec- 
tion between  the  writer  and  the  receiver  of  the  letter  was  as 
follows :— Claudia,  the  queen's  daughter  by  King  Henry  II.  of 
France,  married  Charles  II.  Duke  of  Lorraine,  whose  sister 
Dorothea,  the  lady  addressed,  was  the  second  wife  of  Eric  II. 
Duke  of  Brunswick-Calenburg. 

6.  Mary  de  Medicis  to  Charles  Emmanuel  1.  Duke  of  Saxony, 
bhe  sends  back  Sr.    Gueffier  with  the  last  news  from  Spam 

t  Roscoe,  Leo  X.  ii.  202,  scqq.  ed.  Bohn. 


Dec.  8.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  43 

relative  to  her  good  offices  there  in  the  Duke's  favour,  and 
refers  him  to  the  Marquis  of  Eambouillet  for  further  particulars. 

(Signed)  Y're  bien  bonne  seur, 

MARIE. 

Addressed:  A  mon  frere  le  Due  de  Saroye. 

Sealed  with  two  impressions  of  a  signet  over  silken  thread.  It 
is  an  impression  from  an  engraved  gem,  with  an  escucheon 
ensigned  with  the  crown,  encircled  by  a  cordeliere,  and  bearing 
France  dimidiated  by  Medici,  and  Austria  quarterly.  Except 
that  it  is  nearly  double  the  size,  this  signet  corresponds  with 
No.  180  of  the  collection  of  seals,  from  the  Imperial  Archives 
of  France,  edited  by  M.  Douet  d'Arcq.  The  present  seal,  how- 
ever, is  about  12  instead  of  6  millimetres  in  its  longest  diameter, 
and  M.  Douet  d'Arcq  does  not  notice  the  dimidiation  of  the 
French  coat/ 

This  letter  is  without  date,  but  the  year  1618  has  been  marked 
on  the  outside.  On  the  9th  October,  1617,  Charles  Emmanuel 
had  concluded  a  treaty  with  Spain,  which  terminated  the  war 
which  had  been  carried  on  for  three  years,  relative  to  the  suc- 
cession of  Montferrat,  to  which  the  Duke  pretended.  He  did 
not,  however,  disarm  and  cede  the  towns  he  had  taken,  says  the 
"  Art  de  Verifier  les" Dates,"*  until  April  1618^  so  that  some 
negociations  may  still  have  been  going  on  between  the  Courts  of 
Spain  and  Savoy  when  the  letter  was  written.  The  indorse- 
ment, however,  may  be  inaccurate ;  and  it  is  to  be  borne  in 
mind  that  the  queen  mother,  during  the  whole  of  the  year  1618, 
was  a  close  prisoner  in  the  Chateau  de  Blois.f 

7.  Jacomuzio,  or  Muzio  di  Attendolo,  called  Sforza,  the 
patriarch  of  the  illustrious  family  of  that  name,  to  the  Governors 
of  Sienna  (?)  introducing  a  messenger,  Paulo  di  Pongatello. 
Dated  from  Averso,  August  18th.  sine  anno. 

7  O  7 

(Signed)          SFORZA  DE  ATTENDOLIS, 

Comes  Cotignole,  Begin  Sicilie  Magnus  Connes- 
tabilis,  Confalonerius,  &c. 

Addressed :  Magnificis  Dominis  Dominis  Primoribus  Gubernatoribus  Commu- 
nitatis  et  Capitaneo  Populi  Civitatis  Se  .  .  .  arum  Honorandis  taiiquam 
patribus. 

Sforza  was  made  Gronfaloniere  by  Pope  Martin  V.  about 
1417.  His  predecessor,  John  XXIII.,  had  created  him  Count  of 
Cotignola,  and  Joanna  of  Naples,  about  1415,  had  made  him 

*  xvii.  198.  f  Ibid.  vi.  236. 


44  PKOCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1870, 

Grand  Constable  of  the  kingdom  of  Sicily.  The  present  letter 
is,  therefore,  subsequent  to  these  dates.  He  died  in  1424. 

8.  Ludovico  Maria  Sforza,  called  "  11  Moro,"  Duke  of  Milan, 
to  Charles  VIII.,  King  of  France. 

The  letter,  of  which  the  following  is  an  abstract,  is  m  Italian, 
with  the  exception  of  the  head-line,  date,  and  signature,  which 
are  in  Latin. 

Serenissime  Princeps  et  Christianlssime  Domine  observatissime.  Rigault, 
the  King's  messenger,  ("  oratore,")  about  to  depart  on  the  morrow.  He  should 
have  preferred  his  remaining  as  a  witness  of  the  Duke's  constant  labours  for  the 
King.  Besides  intrusting  Kigault  with  a  message,  he  has  thought  proper  to  write 
briefly.  The  writer  was  always  most  lovingly  disposed  to  the  King,  both  by 
natural  instinct,  and  as  an  inheritance  from  the  Duke  his  father.-  How  well  he 
was  inclined  to  the  most  Christian  King  Louis  ("  Aluysio  ")*  is  well  known.  To 
avoid  tediousness  he  will  only  mention  the  following  particulars.  After  the 
King  had  concluded  the  truce  f  ("  Trudo  ")  of  Genoa,  through  his  Ministers  at 
Viglevano,  J  the  design  of  the  English  to  invade  France  having  become  apparent,§ 
the  King  knows  the  offers  the  Duke  made  him  of  assistance,  which  he  would  have 
carried  out  had  not  peace  intervened.  Then  upon  the  invasion  of  Burgundy  by 
the  King  of  the  Romans  ||  his  Majesty  also  knows  what  the  writer  did  for  him 
when  he  sent  to  him  for  a  loan  of  money.  Again,  on  the  King's  undertaking 
his  Neapolitan  expedition,  he  knows  how  good  his  offices  were  then  to  him, 
exhibited  both  by  his  providing  a  considerable  sum  of  money  when  the  King, 
having  passed  the  Alps,  found  himself  without  any,  and  by  resisting  the  forces 
of  the  King  Alphonso,  the  Pope,  Florentines,  and  others  who  were  in  the 
Romagna  before  the  King's  army  had  crossed,  and  holding  to  him  against  all 
Italy. 

In  the  sequel,  when  the  King  was  on  his  march  towards  Naples,  the  writer 
refused  not  to  follow  him  as  far  as  Sarzana,  and  that  at  a  time  when,  having 
just  lost  the  Duke  his  nephew,  ("  essendomi  manchato  el  Duca  mio  nepote,")  no 
one  else  in  the  world  but  himself  would  have  left  home. 

Threats  of  deposing  the  writer  having  been  made  by  the  Duke  of  Orleans  and 


*  Louis  XL  father  of  Charles  VIII. 

f  In  1490,  after  a  revolution  against  the  Sforzas,  followed  by  a  counter  revolu- 
tion against  the  popularly  elected  doge,  the  Genoese  called  in  the  French  as  their 
ancient  suzerains.  The  French  Government,  absorbed  in  the  war  of  Britany, 
acquiesced  in  an  arrangement  by  which  the  title  of  Doge  of  Genoa  was  restored  to 
John  Galeazzo,  the  reigning  Duke  of  Milan,  while  the  real  authority  was  entrusted 
to  Ludovico  Sforza,  his  uncle,  the  writer  of  this  letter. 

J  A  castle  of  the  Sforza  family,  now  Vigevano,  whence  the  present  letter  is 
dated. 

§  Henry  VII. 's  expedition  against  Boulogne,  ending  in  a  sudden  peace  in 
November  1492. 

||  This  was  Maximilian  I.,  elected  King  of  the  Romans  1486,  succeeded  his 
father  Frederic  III.  in  1493.  The  Franche  Comte  was  a  portion  of  the  dowry  of 
Margaret  of  Austria,  daughter  of  Maximilian,  betrothed  in  her  infancy  to 
Charles  VIII.,  whose  repudiation  of  her  in  1492  and  consequent  marriage  with 
Anne  of  Bretagne,  who  had  already  gone  through  the  ceremony  of  a  proxy 
marriage  with  Maximilian  himself,  caused  the  latter  to  declare  war  against 
Charles;  who,  however,  returned  the  Franche  Comte,  Artois,  and  other  lands  of 
Margaret  s  dowry,  and  concluded  peace  with  the  King  of  the  Romans  in  1493 
In  the  same  year  the  Emperor  Frederic  III.  died,  and  Ludovico  Sforza  induced 
Maximilian  to  marry  his  niece  Blanche,  with  a  dowry  of  400,000  ducats,  ohtain- 

ofSMLT^ngh  5  SQf fc  instrument  gating  him  the  investiture  of  the  duchy 
ot  Milan,  which  the  Sforzas  had  never  hitherto  been  able  to  obtain. 


Dec.  8.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  45 

his  followers,  threats  which  alone  moved  him  not,  but  were  accompanied  by  the 
practical  result  of  the  arrival  of  the  folks  the  King  knows  of,  ("  de  la  gente  che 
se  sa,")  and  having  constant  advices  that  those  about  his  Majesty  were  habitually 
using  like  threats — the  Duke,  though  not  doubting  the  King's  own  good  will 
— having  several  times  complained  fruitlessly  to  him,  was  compelled  to  con- 
federate himself  in  the  manner  he  did,  and  then  happened  what  did  happen. 
Providence  subsequently,  to  the  writer's  excessive  joy,  re-established  concord 
between  himself  and  the  King,  and  in  the  peace  which  ensued  he  promised  the 
things  contained  in  the  articles,  all  which  he  has  since  faithfully  kept. 

As  to  the  fittiugout  of  the  ships,  ("il  Armare,")  his  Majesty,  who  has  been  kept 
well  informed,  can  judge  whether  in  truth  the  Duke  did  not  do  all  in  his  power,  and 
had  it  rested  with  him  to  satisfy  his  Majesty's  desires,  having  done  the  other  things 
which  lay  in  him,  he  certainly  would  not  have  failed,  "  in  questo  benedicto 
arinare  ;"  wherein  if  he  succeeded  not  it  was  by  no  fault  of  his,  as  the  King's 
ministers  at  Genoa  tried  to  make  out.  If  they  had  attended  to  his  advice,  the 
fleet  would  have  been  dispatched.  Prays  his  Majesty  not  to  be  persuaded  by  the 
writer's  enemies  that  the  Genoese  would  have  sailed  but  for  him  ;  for,  as  he  has 
often  told  the  King,  the  Genoese  being  what  they  are,  and  discontented  both 
with  him  and  the  King,  it  was  impossible  for  him  to  do  more  than  he  did. 

Besides  sending  his  cousin  Ludovico  de  Fogliano  to  Asti,  he  deposited  as  a 
pledge  the  castelletto  of  Genoa,  and  the  citadel  also,  although  not  obliged 
to  do  so  by  the  articles  of  peace,  a  matter  of  great  moment.  He  caused  all  the 
ships  of  his  Majesty  to  be  restored,  as  also  all  such  of  the  munitions  of  war  and 
artillery  as  could  be  found.  The  residue  are  being  diligently  sought  after,  and 
if  not  found  the  writer  will  pay  for  them.  The  liberation  of  Mr  de  Miolans 
has  taken  place,  for  which  he  has  paid  the  ransom  of  eight  thousand  gold  ducats. 
What  can  be  found  of  his  goods  has  been  restored  to  him  ;  for  the  remainder,  if 
not  found,  the  writer  will  pay.  As  to  the  Genoese  hostages,  he  had  intimated  to 
the  King's  servants  that  difficulties  must  arise  owing  to  the  recent  deaths  of  two 
sons  of  the  governor,  and  also  of  two  of  Messer  John  his  brother's  sons,  and  of 
those  which  remain  many  are  of  tender  years.  The  governor  insisted,  accord- 
ingly, that  the  thing  could  not  be  done.  Messer  Luca  Spinola  also,  one  of  the 
hostages  nominated,  firmly  declined  to  go.  The  writer  will  do  all  he  can  to 
induce  him  to  go,  and  if  he  persists  in  refusing,  he  will  endeavour  that  another 
of  that  house  should  go  as  hostage. 

Besides  this,  he  permitted  the  illustrious  lady  Bona*  to  proceed  to  the 
King,  even  though  not  compelled  by  the  articles  of  peace  to  do  so,  and 
although  believing  that  the  King  of  the  Romans  would  not  be  pleased.  Genoese 
matters  are  settled,  and  he  cannot  alter  them.  Although  their  city  is  nominally 
subject  to  him,  yet  his  authority  is  in  fact  but  limited,  and  if  he  strained  it  he 
would  merely  lose  what  influence  he  has,  without  benefit  to  the  King.  He  con- 
cludes by  entreating  the  King,  who  has  had  such  strong  marks  of  his  affection, 
to  believe  so  implicitly  in  its  continuance,  to  hold  for  certain  that  in  the  matter 
of  the  fleet  he  did  his  duty,  and  not  to  give  ear  to  those  who  from  passion  bring 
charges  against  him  ;  and,  Genoa  requiring  to  be  kept  content  and  not  exasperated, 
which  might  result  in  losing  it  one  fine  morning,  he  can  only  encourage  his 
majesty  to  restore  to  her  Genoese  Sarzana  and  Petra  Santa,  and  thus  secure  the 
affairs  of  the  realm,  "  perche  havera  da  Genoesi  piu  che  non  saperia  desiderare." 
Refers  to  Mto  Rigault  for  further  particulars,  and  begs  for  favourable  considera- 
tion. 

Viglevani  die  xi  Decembris,  1495. 

CHEME  MTIS  v.  SOK  LUDOVICUS  MAKIA  SPOR', 

ANGLUS  Dux  Mcdiolani,  etc. 


*  Either  his  sister-in-law,  mother  of  John  Galeazzo,  a  princess  of  Savoy,  or 
his  great  niece,  daughter  of  the  late  duke,  afterwards  married  to  Sigismund 
King  of  Poland :  probably  the  former. 


46 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1870, 


The  following  brief  historical  notes  may  serve  to  explain  the 
allusions  in  this  very  curious  letter. 

As  is  well  known,  Ludovico  Sforza,  the  writer,  had  a  great 
share  in  inducing  Charles  VIII.  to  undertake  the  Neapolitan 
expedition.  By  a  secret  treaty  in  1493  Ludovico  promised  free 
passage  through  his  territories,  liberty  for  the  French  to  equip 
a  fleet  at  Genoa,  a  free  auxiliary  force  of  500  lances,  and  a  loan 
of  200,000  ducats.  Charles,  after  spending  all  his  money  in 
riotous  living  at  Lyons,  arrived  at  Turin  on  Sept.  15,  1494, 
and  soon  afterwards  commenced  his  march  upon  Naples,  through 
the  Milanese  in  company  with  Sforza.  They  arrived  at  Pia- 
cenza  on  October  18th,  and  on  the  22nd  Ludovico  heard  of  the 
death  of  his  nephew  John  G-aleazzo  Sforza,  Duke  of  Milan,*  at 
Pavia,  on  the  previous  day.  Upon  receiving  this  intelligence 
he  left  the  King,  returning  to  Milan  to  secure  his  succession 
to  the  dukedom,  the  affairs  of  which  he  had  administered 
since  his  brother's  assassination  in  1476.  The  King,  con-, 
tinuing  his  march,  was  met  near  Sarzana,  on  the  confines  of 
the  Genoese  and  Florentine  territories,  by  Peter  de  Medicis, 
who  ceded  to  him  that  town,  with  Sarzanetta  and  Pietra  Santa, 
the  keys  of  Tuscany,  to  be  held  until  the  King  should  obtain 
possession  of  his  kingdom  of  Naples.  Ludovico,  according  to 
his  own  account,  seems  to  have  returned  from  Milan  after  a 
very  short  visit  there,  and  to  have  accompanied  Charles  to 
Sarzana.  The  entry  of  the  French  into  Rome  and  the  capture 
of  Naples  followed,  the  King  making  his  triumphal  entry  into 
that  city  on  February  21,  1495.  Not  long  after  "  there  hap- 
pened what  did  happen," — the  events  to  which  Sforza  thus 
delicately  alludes  being  the  confederation  of  the  Pope,  the 
Venetians,  Sforza  himself,  and  other  Italian  princes,  with  the 
Emperor,  against  Charles.  The  Confederates,  with  an  army  of 
40,000  men,  endeavoured  to  oppose  his  return  to  France  after 
the  revolt  of  Naples,  but  the  result  was  their  defeat  under  the 
Marquis  of  Mantua  at  Fuornova,  July  6,  1495,  five  months 
previously  to  the  date  of  the  despatch. 

^  The  Duke  of  Milan  puts  forward  as  the  ground  of  his  defec- 
tion from  the  King  his  fears  of  the  Duke  of  Orleans  and  his 
party.  Orleans  had,  in  fact,  pretensions  to  the  duchy  of  Milan 
in  respect  of  his  grandmother  Valentina  dei  Visconti,  and  he 
consequently  affected  to  treat  "  II  Moro  "  as  a  mere  usurper. 
But  the  common  version  of  the  story  is,  that,  as  soon  as  Charles 
had  entered  Naples,  Ludovico  pressed  for  the  immediate  grant 
to  himself  of  the  principality  of  Tarentum,  which  he  had  been 

*  He  died  at  Pavia  Oct.  21, 1494,  of  slow  poison,  administered  (as  was  believed) 
by  his  uncle,  the  writer  of  this  letter. 


Dec.  8.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  47 

promised  for  his  assistance,  and  might  justly  consider  himself 
to  have  earned.  His  request  was  refused,  whereupon  he  stopped 
the  equipment  at  Genoa  of  an  auxiliary  maritime  force,  and 
joined  the  Confederates. 

Peace  was  signed  between  Charles  and  Ludovico  on  Oct.  10, 
1495,  at  Yercelli.  The  articles  of  peace  provided  among  other 
things  that  the  Duke  of  Milan  should  serve  the  King  against  all 
opposers,  and  should  fit  out  two  ships  for  the  relief  of  the 
Neapolitan  fortresses,  which  were  then  threatened  by  the 
Aragonese.  With  regard  to  Genoa,  he  was  to  place  two 
hostages  in  the  King's  hands,  and  to  commit  the  strong  fort  out- 
side that  town  called  the  Castelletto  to  the  Duke  of  Ferrara  as 
a  neutral  prince,  who  was  to  hold  it  for  two  years.  For  Milan 
two  hostages  also  were  to  be  taken.  The  delivery  of  these 
latter  hostages,  says  De  Commines,  "  was  effected,  and  he 
(6  II  Moro  ')  would  have  done  as  much  for  Genoa  had  riot  the 
King  been  in  such  haste  to  be  gone ;  but  as  soon  as  he  went 
away  the  Duke  made  use  of  shifts  and  evasions  to  excuse  himself 
from  doing  it."  After  the  King  had  marched  away  he  sent  per- 
sons to  Genoa  to  see  the  ships  equipped  which  the  Duke  of  Milan 
was  to  lend  him,  but  the  Duke  put  the  King  to  great  expense  in 
preparations,  and  at  last  would  not  let  the  ships  go  to  him,  but 
instead  sent  two  of  them  to  the  enemy.  Sarzana  and  Sarza- 
netta  were  never  restored  to  the  Florentines.  These  towns  had 
once  been  Genoese,  but  were  taken  by  the  Florentines  under 
Lorenzo  de  Medicis.  About  1496  the  French  governor,  the 
Bastard  of  St.  Pol,  sold  them  to  the  Genoese,  while  Pietra 
Santa  was  allowed  to  be  purchased  by  Lucca. 

The  King's  envoy  to  whom  this  letter  was  entrusted  appears 
from  De  Commines  to  have  been  the  steward  of  Charles's  house- 
hold, Rigault  d'Oreilles.  De  Commines,  on  his  return  from 
an  embassy  to  Venice,  passed  through  Milan,  and,  finding  the 
Duke  at  Vigevano,  paid  him  a  visit  just  about  the  time  this 
letter  was  written.  He  had  an  interview  with  the  Duke,  and 
pressed  for  the  dispatch  of  the  ships. 

Charles  threatened  to  return  to  Italy  in  1496  on  purpose  to 
chastise  the  Duke.  It  need  scarcely  be  said  that  he  never 
carried  out  this  intention.  In  the  reign  of  his  successor,  how- 
ever, Ludovico  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  French,  and  died  in 
close  captivity  at  Loches  in  1510.* 

9.  Ottaviano  Maria  Sforza  to  Anne  de  Montmorency,  Con- 
stable of  France,  introducing  Ser  Paolo  Petra  Santa,  a  doctor, 

*  See  for  further  particulars  De  Commines,  book  viii.  chaps.  18,  19,  &c.  and 
Martin,  Histoire  de  France,  vol.  vii. 


4g  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  |_1870, 

and  a  Milanese  gentleman  well  affected  to  ^the  Most  Christian 
King,  and  the  bearer  of  certain  communications  from  the  writer. 
Italian.  Dated  Murano  di  Vinezia,  June  25,  1538. 

(Signed)  Servitore  OTTAVIANO  MARIA  SFORZA, 

Veseovo,  &c. 

Addressed :  Allo  Eccmo  mio  Sre  lo  Sre  Contestable  di  Francia. 

The  writer  was  a  natural  son  of  Galeazzo  Maria,  Duke  of 
Milan.  In  1497  he  was  made  Bishop  of  Lodi  by  Pope  Alex- 
ander VI.  He  abandoned  that  see  in  1499,  on  the  arrival  of 
the  French,  under  Louis  XII.  On  the  return  of  the  Duke 
Maximilian  he  was  made  governor- general  of  Milan,  In  1519 
Pope  Leo  X.  promoted  him  to  the  bishopric  of  Arezzo,  which  he 
ceded  in  1524.  In  1535  when  Milan  had  fallen  into  the  hands 
of  the  Emperor  Charles  V.  he  retired  into  private  life  in  Milan, 
and  died  in  1541.* 

10.  Instrument  under  the  hand  and  seal  of  Caesar  Borgia, 
appointing  Andrew  Giampietro  to  be  vicar  of  his  castle  of  Imola. 
His  style  runs  thus:— CAESAR  f  Borgia  de  Francia,  Dei  Gratia 
Dux  Romandiole,  Valentieque ;  Princeps  ....  et  Venafri ; 
Dominus  Plumbini,  etc.  Ac  S.  R.  E.  Confalonerius  et  Capi- 
taneus  Generalis.  Dated  Cremona,  1503. 

(Signed)  CESAR. 

Seal  1J  inch  diameter.     Subject — Between  two  cornucopias, 
a  shield  quarterly  of  six. 
1  and  6.  Three  fleurs  de  lis. 

2.  A  pavilion. 

3.  In  a  bordure  an  ox  passant,  Borgia* 

4.  Barry  of  6,  Lenzuoli. 

5.  A  lion  rampant. 

Louis  XII.  gave  Caesar  Borgia  the  Duchy  of  the  Valenti- 
nois,  in  Dauphine,  with  other  advantages,  in  recompense  for 
the  pope's  granting  the  divorce  between  him  arid  Joanna, 
his  first  wife,  and  giving  the  cardinal's  hat  to  his  favourite 
minister,  Georges  D'Amboise.  In  1499,  after  Louis  XII.  had 
conquered  Milan,  the  pope  conceived  the  idea  of  bringing  into 
subjection  the  so-called  vicars  of  the  Roman  Church,  who,  under 
this  title,  dating  back  to  the  times  when  the  pope  was  settled  at 
Avignon,  had  made  themselves  nearly  independent,  and  to  give 
over  their  towns,  as  Imola,  Faenza,  Forli,  Rimini,  Cesena,  and 

*  See  Litta.  Cel.  Fam.  ItaL 

f  In  large  capitals,  printed  from  a  stamp. 


Dec.  8.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  49 

Pesaro,  to  Caesar  Borgia.  The  French  king  helped  Caesar  with 
men,  and  in  1499  he  captured  Imola,  in  1500  Forli,  in  1501 
Faenza  Piombino,  and  other  places,  and  was  declared  Duke  of 
the  Romagna  by  his  father. 

11.  A  receipt  on  parchment,  10J  by  5  inches,  under  the  hand 
of  Hippolytus  d'Este,  Cardinal  of  Ferrara,  Lieutenant-  General  of 
the  King  in  Italy  and  Savoy,  for  a  sum  of  one  thousand  livres 
tournois  paid  to  him  by  the  hand  of  Mr.  Nicolas  le  Fevre, 
treasurer  of  the  wars  of  Italy  —  which  sum  was  ordered  to  be 
paid  him  by  the  King  in  respect  of  his  said  office  —  for  the  present 
month.  French.  Dated  June  3,  1553. 

(Signed)  HIP.  CAR^L  DE  FERRARE. 


Hippolytus,  son  of  Alphonso  I.  Duke  of  Ferrara,  was  born  in 
1509,  and  took  service  with  Francis  I.  of  France,  who  procured 
his  elevation  to  the  purple.  He  stood  high  in  the  regard  of 
Henry  II.,  who  forbad  his  ministers  and  generals  in  Italy  to 
undertake  anything  without  his  sanction.  The  present  in- 
strument appears  to  show  that  he  actually  held  a  Lieutenant- 
General's  commission  under  the  last  named  sovereign.  He  was 
Bishop  of  Ferrara  and  Archbishop  of  Milan  1520,  and  Cardinal 
in  1538.  He  died  in  1572. 

12.  Motus  Proprius  under  the  hand  of  Pope  Alexander  VI., 
granting  in  commendam  to  John  Antony  de  Sancto  Georgio, 
Cardinal  Priest  of  the  title  of  SS.  Kerens  and  Achilleus,  the 
Priory  of  Grandison  (in  the  Pays  de  Vaud),  and  the  Priory  of 
Fabritius  annexed,  of  the  Order  of  St.  Benedict,  in  the  dioceses 
of  Lausanne  and  Lyons,  under  the  annual  value  of  one  hundred 
livres  tournois,  vacant  by  the  death  in  the  Roman  Court*  of 
William  de  Perreriis,  the  Pope's  chaplain  and  an  auditor  of  the 
Rota,  for  the  life  of  the  Cardinal,  to  hold  together  with  the 
churches  belonging  to  the  title  of  his  cardinalate  and  those  of 
Alessandria  and  Parma,  of  which  he  was  bishop,  all  constitu- 
tions, &c.,  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

(Signed  manu  propria)     FIAT  MOTU  PROPRIO.  f 

Beneath,  in  a  marginal   schedule,  are    enumerated    several 
clauses  of  absolution,  &c.  to  be  inserted  in  a  formal  licence. 
(Signed  again)  FIAT.  J 

*  Benefices  were  reserved  to  the  disposition  of  the  Pope  which  became  void 
"  apucl  Apostolicam  Sedem,"  id  est,  whose  possessors,  who  were  living  in  the 
Curia,  on  journeying  towards  or  departing  from  it,  died  either  in  the  place  where 
the  Court  was  held,  or  within  two  days  journey  therefrom. 

t  With  a  monogram  resembling  a  P  struck  through. 

$  With  the  same  monogram. 

VOL.  V.  K 


50  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1870, 

Beneath,  in  a  set  hand  of  the  Roman  Chancery — 

Hiaf  iSome  ap'fc  Sc'twn  petrum  (gutnto  toctmo 
in*  mecemW.    &nno  none. 

Indorsed:  h°.  v.  fol.  ccxliiij. 

Lausanen'. 
Lugdunen'. 
Grand  isson. 

(Signed)        DE  AZEGLIO,  with  paraplie. 

The  instruments  called  Motus  Proprii,  taking  effect  not  from 
the  seal  as  do  bulls  and  briefs,  but  from  the  sign  manual  of  the 
Pope,  begin  to  appear  in  the  time  of  Innocent  VIII. ,  and 
become  common  in  the  sixteenth  century. 

As  to  the  style  of  these  instruments,  which  is  not  always  quite 
uniform,  see  Nouv.  Traiti  de  Dipl.  v.  318,  324,  seqq.  In  the 
present  instance  the  Motus  Proprius  is  rather  in  the  nature  of  a 
warrant  to  prepare  a  formal  instrument  than  in  that  of  a  docu- 
ment perfect  in  itself. 

In  addition  to  the  words  motu  proprio  occurring  at  the  end  in 
the  Pope's  signature,  the  expression  begins  the  instrument, 
the  heading  and  first  few  words  running  thus  : — 

Commenda  Prioratus  valo'  100  y?.  per  obitum  in  Cu. 
pro  ICmo  J.  Cardinali  Alexandreri '. 

Motu  Proprio  etc.  Dilecto  filio  Johanni  Antonio  titulo  SSor'  Nerei  et 
Achillei  presbitero  Cardinali.  Ut  onera  sibi  juxta  Cardinalitatis  sublimitatem 
incumbentia,  facilius  perferre  possit,  &c.,  &c. 

These  instruments,  say  the  Benedictines,  are  never  dated 
with  the  Dominical  year.  As  will  have  been  seen,  the  present 
instance  affords  no  exception.  No  doubt  can  arise,  however, 
as  to  the  correctness  of  the  attribution  of  the  document  to  the 
9th  year  of  Pope  Alexander  VI.,  as  the  Cardinal  of  Alessandria 
was  created  by  that  Pontiff  soon  after  his  accession  in  1492, 
and  he  died  in  1509,  which  was  only  the  sixth  year  of  the 
succeeding  Pope  Julius  II. 

13.  Letter  under  the  signs-manual  of  Ferdinand  and  Isabella, 
King  and  Queen  of  Castile  and  Aragon,  etc.,  on  the  occasion  of 
the  election  of  Pope  Innocent  VIII. 

Being  unable,  on  account  of  the  war  against  the  King  and 
Moors  of  Granada,  and  other  weighty  reasons,  to  proceed  to 
Kome  themselves,  they  nominate  Don  Ynigo  Lopes  de  Mendoga, 
Oonde  de  Tendilla,  their  ambassador,  alone  or  jointly  with  three 
others,  m  their  name  and  in  the  names  of  their  realms  and 
subjects,  to  appear  before  the  Pope,  and  offer  him  the  obedience 
and  reverence  due  and  accustomed,  and  to  perform  all  acts  and 


Dec.   8.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  51 

take  all  oaths  requisite.     Dated  at  Alcala  de  Henares,  February 
8,  1486. — Spanish. 

(Signed)  Yo  EL  BEY. 

Yo  LA  REYNA. 

This  letter  has  been  folded  and  sealed  with  a  seal,  1^  inches 
in  diameter,  in  red  wax,  of  which  substance  traces  remain. 

ALBERT  WAY,  Esq.  F.S.A,  exhibited  an  oblong  piece  of 
black  marble  or  calcareous  stone,  of  the  size  and  form  repre- 
sented in  the  cut.*  The  merchant's  mark  is  engraved  in  intaglio 
on  one  end,  which  is  bevelled  away  to  an  oval  surface.  That 
the  intaglio  was  not  intended  for  sealing  seems  pretty  clear,  from 
the  fact  that  the  initials  are 
not  reversed  on  the  stone.  At 
another  spot  is  a  small  heart 
also  in  intaglio.  This  object 
which,  since  the  exhibition, 
has  been  placed  in  the  British 
Museum,  was  considered  to  be 
a  goldsmith's  touchstone.  Al- 
though, at  the  present  day, 
wrhen  the  use  of  aqua  fortis  is 
universal,  it  would  of  course 
be  out  of  the  question  to  use  a 
calcareous  stone  as  a  touch- 
stone ;  yet,  so  long  as  the  fine- 
ness of  the  metal  experimented 
on  was  ascertained  merely  by 
a  comparison  of  the  colour  pro- 
duced by  rubbing  the  specimen 
with  that  of  the  marks  left  by  the 
friction  of  touch-needles  of  several  ascertained  degrees  of  fineness, 
any  black  stone  of  a  proper  grain  would  answer  the  purpose. 

Black  basalt  is  the  stone  now  preferred  for  touchstones.  This 
mineral  seems  scarcely  to  have  been  in  general  use  even  in 
1788,  for  in  Chambers'  Encyclopaedia  published  in  that  year  it 
is  called  "  Irish  touchstone  "  (being  chiefly  obtained  from 
Antrim),  and  the  writer  adds: 

"  Many  authors  affirm  the  touchstone  is  a  kind  of  black 
marble,  or  that  most  black  marbles  will  serve  for  touchstones ; 
black  marbles  it  is  true  take  the  colour  of  metals,  and  may  be 
use  as  touchstones  in  the  ancient  manner  mentioned  by  Theo- 
phrastus  and  Pliny,  i.e.,  by  touching  them  with  needles  of 
different  alloys,  which  manner  is  still  practised  in  Germany  and 

*  Inserted  by  the  kind  permission  of  the  Council  of  the  Archaeological  Institute. 

E2 


52  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1870. 

other  countries;  but  in  the  manner  of  trying  them  with  aqua 
fortis  it  is  absurd  to  use  any  calcareous  substances,    &c. 

To  judge  by  the  engraved  stamp  the  stone  exhibited  might 
have  been  wrought  in  the  sixteenth  century,  and  considering 
the  date  there  seems  no  reason  for  doubting  that  it  was  actually 
intended  for  the  use  of  the  goldsmith. 

J.  J.  HOWARD,  Esq.  LL.D.  F.S.A.  exhibited,  by  permission 
of  the  Mayor  and  Corporation  of  Coventry,  five  early  Deeds,  of 
which  the  following  is  a  brief  notice  :  — 

1.  Charter  of  Walter  de  Daiville,  whereby  he  gives  to  Richard 
of  the  Hall  (de  Aula),  of  Coventry,  for  his  homage  -and  .service 
all  that  culture  on  the  hill  (super  Hulle)  outside  Coventry,  with 
all  its  appurtenances,  which  William  Marshal  (Willelmus  Mares- 
callus)  held,  and  which  he  gave  to  Lettice,  daughter  of  Richard 
de  Suttone,  his  niece.      Habendum  to  Richard  and  his  heirs, 
of  the  grantor  and  his   heirs,  rendering  twelve  silver  pennies 
per  annum,  with  clause  of  warranty.     For  this  gift  the  said 
Richard  gave  eleven  marks  of  silver  de  recognitione.    Witnesses  : 
Henry   de   Busherville,*   Robert    de    Stiuechale,  Viellus  f    de 
Folkeshulle,  Nicholas  son  of  Nicholas,  Richard  of  Worcester, 
Vincent?  Swan  the  Parker,   Eobert  the  Vintner,  William  de 
Wilnhale,  William  de  Repend,  Richard  the  Goldsmith,  Robert 
de  Stoke,  William  Crude,  and  others. 

Seal  circular,  Ij  inch  in  diameter;  subject,  a  long  pointed 
shield  bearing  fretty.  Legend  : 

+  SIGILL'  WALTERI  DE  DAEVILL'. 

2.  Charter  of  Walter  de  Davill,  whereby  he  gives,  grants  and 
confirms  to  Walter  son  of  Terricus  ?  of  Coventry,  for  his  homage 
and  service,  a  croft  in  the  vill  of  Stokes,  which  Richard  son  of 
Barnabas  held.    To  hold  of  the  grantor  in  fee,  rendering  "  certain 
white  gloves  "  in  Easter  week  annually.     With  clause  of  war- 
ranty.    Witnesses:    Roger  de  Buschervill,  ......  de   Stokes, 

Nicholas  son  of  Luilf,  MiloBarba[tus  ?],  Viellus  de  Folkeshull, 
Nicholas  de  Smitesforde,  Swayne  the  Barker  (Suano  Barkario), 
William  Bacun,  Robert  .....  ,  Roger  Raget?  Helias  de  Wike, 

Randolf  Talebot,  Geoffrey  Gerbet,  and  many  others. 

Seal,  as  to  the  last  charter. 

A  charter  of  Robert  de  Dey  vill,  plainly  one  of  the  same  family. 
was  exhibited  by  Mr.  Howard,  from  the  same  source,  on  June 


*«-J?A*T>7  th'i  f  ™  T^  asT5Bokirvi11'  w"ich  occurs  among  the  witnesses  to 
Robert  de  Dayvile's  Charter.     Proceedings  2  S  iii  148 

f  Vitalis  de  Folkeshull,  Robert  de  Stokes,  and  Walter  de  Daiville  himself 


Warw?l  138ner      *"  ***  ^  W*fe>  ln  34  H  III  Dug  d 


Dec.  8.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  53 

15,  1865.*  Robert  de  Deyvill's  seal  bore  the  same  device  on  a 
similar  though  smaller  shield.  Walter,  as  I  observed  on  that 
occasion,  is  mentioned  by  Dugdale  as  holding  lands  in  Stoke,  in 
34  Hen.  III.,  to  which  time  these  deeds  may  nearly  be  referred,  f 

3.  Charter  of  Richard   son   of  Ernisius,  whereby  he  gives, 
grants,  and  confirms  to  William  Bacun  and  his  heirs,  to  hold 
of  himself   and   his   heirs,  land    situate   between   land   which 
Herbert  son  of  Jordan  held,  and  the  land  which  Roger  son  of 
Herbert  held,  rendering  annually  twelve  pence  for  all  sendee, 
with  clause  of  warranty  against  all  men  and  women.     And  for 
this   grant  William  gave  half  a  mark  of  silver.     Witnesses : 
William   de    Brinket,    Gerard   Vineter,    and    Gerard   his  son, 
Richard  Hall  (de  Aula),  Matthew  son  of  Roger,  Hugh  son  of 
Martin,   Richard   de    Warewic,    John    Mercer,    Walter   Bulli, 
William  le  Blond   the   Smith  (W.    Blundus,   faber),   Haldane 
Careter,  Gilbert  Butcher  (carnifex),  Hugh  Butcher  (carnifex), 
Richard  son  of  Aki,  Nicholas  son  of  Everard ;  and  many  others. 

Seal  circular,  1 J  diam.  ;  subject,  An  eagle  displayed.  Legend, 
SIGILL'  RICARDI  FILII  ERNISII. 

It  is  curious  that  no  locality  is  mentioned  in  the  description 
of  the  land  granted.  From  two  indorsements,  however,  on  the 
deed,  the  first  in  an  early  hand,  t.  btC.  fort.,  which  contracted 
words  may,  by  the  light  of  the  second  indorsement,  in  a  hand  of 
the  last  century,  namely,  "Well  Street,"  be  read  uin  vico 
fontis,"  we  may  conclude  that  the  premises  were. in  the  city  of 
Coventry. 

4.  London,   Thursday,   the  Feast  of  St.  Peter    ad   Vincula, 
10  Edw.   III.   (August   1st,   1336).      Indenture  reciting  that 
Henry  de  Langele,  son  of  John  de  Langele,  of  Coventry,  had 
released  and  quitclaimed  to  Henry  de  Geddyngge  and  Alice  his 
wife,  mother  of  the  said  Henry  de  Langele,  and  to  the  heirs  and 
assigns  of  Henry  de  Geddyngge,  all  his  right  in  all  the  lands, 
rents,   tenements,  &c.,  which  the  same  Henry  de   Geddyngge 
and  Alice  his  wife  held  in  Coventry  and  Eton,  in  the  county  of 
Warwick,  and  in  Hinkele,  in  the  county  of  Leicester,  as  ap- 
peared more  fully  in   a  certain    deed   of  quitclaim,   &c.     And 
reciting,  that  the  said  Henry  de  Langele,  "  per  quandam  literam 
obligate riam  de  compoto,"  was  bound  in  £100  to   Henry  de 
Geddyngge,  to  render  account  of  the  said  one  hundred  pounds, 
and  the  gain  and  profit  thereof  arising  at  Christmas  next  after 
the  date  of  the  indenture  : — It  is  witnessed  that  the  said  Henry 
de  Geddynge  willed  and   granted  that   if  the  said  Henry   de 
Langele    should    appear    personally  before  the   king's  justices 
within  the  first  fifteen  days  after  he  should  have  been  summoned, 

*  Proceedings,  n~bi  supra. 

f  See  also  Dugd  .Warw.  576;  and  Visit.  Bucks,  MSS.  Harl.  1533,  fol.  57  b.,  58. 


54 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 


[1870, 


SEAL  OF  HENEY  DE 
LANGELE. 


and  before  the  said  justices  should  levy  a  fine  of  all  the  pre- 
mises to  the  said  Henry  de  Geddyngge  and  Alice  his  wife, 
and  the  heirs  of  Henry  de  Geddyngge,  at  the  cost  of  Henry 
de  Langele,  that  then  the  said  letters 
obligatory  should  be  surrendered  to  the 
said  Henry  de  Langele,  and  held  for  null 
and  void.  And  if  Henry  de  Langele  should 
not  appear  before  the  justices  nor  levy  the 
fine  as  aforesaid,  then  the  said  Henry  de 
Langele  willed  and  granted  that  the  said 
letters  should  remain  in  all  their  force. 
The  seal  to  this  deed  is  here  engraved. 
A  family  of  Langley  was  settled  at  Pinley, 
in  Knighton  hundred,  co.  Warwick,  near 
Coventry,  as  early  as  the  time  of  Henry 
IV.*  The  name  of  Henry  de  Langele, 
however,  does  not  occur  in  Dugdale's  War- 
wickshire, and  the  arms  (namely,  Argent, 
a  fess  sable,  in  chief  three  pellets),  which 
that  historian  gives  from  Harborow  church, 
are  wholly  unlike  the  very  curious  device  which  Henry  de 
Langele's  seal  displays. 

The  use  of  the  lozenge  instead  of  the  escucheon  was  not  so 
completely  restricted  to  the  female  sex  as  modern  practice  and 
heraldic  text-books  would  lead  one  to  suppose.  For  instance, 
the  seal  of  William  Paynel  attached  to  the  Barons'  letter,  1301, 
and  that  of  Thomas  de  Furnival,  1274 f  ;  and,  according  to  a 
sketch  of  a  small  seal  by  Nicholas  Charles  (Cotton  MS.  Jul. 
C.  vii.  143)  one  of  the  successive  Barons  William  de  Brews, 
Lords  of  Bramber,  bore  on  a  lozenge,  crusilly  a  lion  rampant. 

The  lozenge,  however,  as  a  charge,  used  singly,  is  certainly 
very  rarely  if  ever  met  with.  To  find  it  sur- charged  seems 
more  strange  still. 

This  seal  deserves  the  notice  of  those  who  contend  for  the 
existence  of  simulated,  fanciful,  or  "  sham"  heraldry  engraven 
on  mere  burgesses'  seals  in  imitation  of  armorial  devices. 

5.  Deed  poll,  whereby  Roger  de  Monhaut  (de  Monte  Alto), 
Lord  of  Cheylesmore,  granted  and  confirmed  to  God  and  the 
Church  of  St.  Mary,  of  Coventry,  to  Brother  Thomas,  the  Prior, 
and  the  convent  there,  and  their  successors,  that,  so  far  as  in  him 
lay,  they  might  lawfully  and  freely  enter  the  mill  of  Erlesmilne, 
in  Coventry,  which  was  of  his  fee,  with  the  meadow,  moor, 
pond,  and  all  the  appurtenances,  and  possess  them  all  for  ever, 


*  Dugdale's  Warwickshire,  i.  209. 

t  See  Herald  and  Genealogist,  iii.  334. 


Dec.  8.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  55 

without  reclamation  of  himself  or  his  heirs,  notwithstanding  the 
statute  of  our  lord  the  King  set  forth  concerning  mortmain, 
saving  the  rents  and  services  thereof  due  and  accustomed. 
Witnesses  :  Sir  Ralph  de  Moiihaut,  Master  Guy  de  Tyllebroke, 
Geoffrey  le  Hyreys,  Peter  le  Bretoun,  Robert  de  Stokes, 
Richard  de  Burtone,  Peter  Baroun,  Simon  Ernys,  William 
Melet,  clerk,  and  others. 

Seal  oval,  a  small  gem  set  in  a  silver  rim,  impression  blurred, 
but  apparently  a  Janus.  The  legend  is  illegible. 

The  Statute  of  Mortmain  passed  in  the  7th  year  of  King 
Edw.  I.  (1279),  and  Thomas  de  Pavy  was  elected  in  that  same 
year  Prior*  of  St.  Mary's,  Coventry.  The  charter  is  probably 
not  much  later.  In  1278  the  grantor  succeeded  his  father 
Robert. 

Roger  de  Montalt,  father  of  Robert,  and  Cecilia  his  wife  were 
great  benefactors  to  Coventry  cathedral  church.  She  was  sister 
and  co-heir  to  Hugh  de  Albini,  Earl  of  Arundel,  who  was  one 
of  the  co-parceners  who"  succeeded  to  the  vast  possessions  of 
Ranulf  Blundeville  Earl  of  Chester.  In  her  right  Roger  pos- 
sessed extensive  property  in  and  about  Coventry,  including  the 
manor  of  Cheylesmore,  of  which  in  this  charter  he  styles  him- 
self Lord.  In  24  Hen.  III.  he  and  his  wife  granted  (inter  alia) 
to  the  church  in  fee-farm  all  their  interest  in  the  manor  of 
Coventry,  excepting  (inter  alia)  the  capital  seat  called  Cheyles- 
more, and  the  park.  Cheylesmore  afterwards,  in  King  Edw. 
III.'s  reign,  came  to  the  hands  of  Queen  Isabella  his  mother, 
and  on  the  occasion  of  a  partition  taking  place  between  her  and 
the  prior  and  convent,  the  Earl's  Mill,  entry  to  which  was 
secured  by  this  grant,  is  named  as  one  of  the  boundary  points. 

C.  S.  PERCEVAL,  Esq.  LL.D.  Director,  exhibited  a  sealing- 
wax  impression  of  a  silver  Seal  lately  found  at  Caesar's  Camp, 
near  Farnham,  Surrey,  and  now  in  the 
possession  of  II.  Oke  Clark,  Esq.  of  Farn- 
ham. 

This  seal,  which  is  here  engraved,  pre- 
sents some  remarkable  features.  The  hex- 
agonal shape  is,  in  the  first  place,  worth 
notice  on  account  of  its  excessive  rarity,  and 
the  device  coupled  with  the  legend  is  not 
less  so. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  device  is  one  which 

.  _      ..          p  ,      teJiiAL<  I'l\OJl  FABlsHAM. 

is  very  common  on  seals  or  the   fourteenth 

century  ;  that  is,  two  heads,  usually  male  and  female,  facing  each 

*  Monasticon,  iii.  183,  and  sec  Dugdale's  Warwickshire,  i.  130. 


56  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1870, 

other,  and  separated  in  general  by  a  conventional,  tree  or 
branch.  These  seals  usually  bear  such  legends  as  "  Love 
me  and  I  thee,"  or  "  Je  suis  sel  d'amour  lei,"  whence  the 
name  "  Love  seal,"  frequently  applied  to  this  type. 

Examples  of  such  seals  will  be  found  in  Gents'.  Mag.  Ixi.  560; 
Archaeological  Journal,  x.  370 ;  xii.  296 ;  xiii.  420 ;  xv.  ,149 ; 
Journ.  Archseolog.  Ass.  iii.  49  ;  iv.  388  (in  both  which  cases 
however  the  last  words  "  and  I  thee  "  of  the  common  motto 
have  been  misunderstood)  xiii.  248 ;  and  see  Gents'.  Mag.  Ixv. 
474,  where  is  engraved  a  seal  with  the  device  in  question,  but 
with  the  name  of  the  owner  in  the  legend. 

The  legend  however  on  the  present  example  is  very  different. 
It  reads  "  Oremus  pro  invicem  ut  salvi  simus,"  a  sentence  of 
which  the  Latin,  however  bad,  can  bear  hardly  any  interpretation 
but  one — "  Let  us  pray  for  each  other,  that  we  may  be  saved." 

In  the  Archaeological  Journal,  xii.  296,  will  be  found  the 
description  of  a  seal  with  the  same  device,  but  with  the  legend 
"  Ave  Maria ;"  showing  a  religious  sentiment  approximating  in 
character  to  that  of  the  seal  now  under  notice. 

The  male  head  in  Mr.  Clark's  seal  is  certainly  tonsured,  and 
may  therefore  be  appropriated  to  a  clerk  in  holy  orders. 
Whether  the  hood  which  envelopes  his  companion's  head  is  a 
mere  lay  garment  or  the  veil  of  a  professed  religious  may  per- 
haps be  doubted.  The  seal  may  have  been  a  present  from  a 
lady  to  her  chaplain.  The  engraving  of  the  matrix  is  remark- 
ably clear  and  good. 

J.  G.  NICHOLS,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exibited,  by  permission  of 
R.  F.  Dalrymple,  Esq.  the  original  appointment,  under  the 
privy  seal  of  King  Henry  V.,  of  Sir  John  Fastolfe  to  be  Cap- 
tain of  the  Bastille  of  S.  Anthony  at  Paris.  This  document, 
dated  January  1421,  has  been  printed,  not  with  perfect  accuracy, 
in  the  Norfolk  Archaeology  of  the  Norfolk  and  Norwich  Archaeo- 
logical Society.  Mr.  Nichols's  remarks,  with  a  newly  collated  text 
of  the  document,  will  appear  in  the  Archaaologia.  ' 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  communica- 
tions. 

Thursday,  December  15th,  1870. 
FREDERIC  OUVRY,  Esq.,  Treasurer,  in  the  Chair. 


Dec.   15.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  57 

From  the  Royal  Geographical  Society  : — Proceedings.  Vol.  xiv.  No.  5.  (Com- 
pleting the  vol.).  8vo.  London,  1870. 

From  A.  Nesbitt,  Esq.,  F.S.A.  : — De  identitate  Cathedrae  in  qua  Sanctus  Petrus 
Eomae  primum  sedit.  Et  de  Antiquitate,  et  Praastaiitia  Solemnitatis 
Cathedra?  Romance  Dissertatio.  Svo.  Rome,  1666. 

From  the  Netherlands  Museum  of  Antiquities  : — -ZEgyptische  Monumenten, 
door  Dr.  C.  Leemans.  25e  Aflevering  of  2e  Aflevering  van  de  IIP  Afdeeling. 
Fol.  Leyden. 

From  the  Editor,  S.  Tymms,  Esq.,  F.S.A.  :— The  East  Anglian.  Vol.  iv. 
No.  118.  Svo.  Lowestoft,  1870. 

A  Yote  of  Special  Thanks  was  accorded  to  A.  Nesbitt,  Esq., 
for  the  copy  of  the  very  rare  work  with  which  he  had  enriched 
the  Society's  Library. 

Notice  was  given  of  the  ballot  for  the  election  of  Fellows  on 
Thursday,  January  12,  1871,  and  a  list  of  the  Candidates  was 
read.  x 

Walter  Consitt  Boulter,  Esq.  was  admitted  a  Fellow. 

EDWARD  PEACOCK,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited: — 

1.  Small  Candle  of  brownish  wax,  with  cotton  wick,  with  the 
surface  indented  in  longitudinal  grooves,  similarly  to  the  long 
taper  which  is  held  by  the  acolyth  in  the  interesting  picture 
"  Celebration  of  High  Mass,"  by  John  van  Eyk,'  belonging  to 
Earl  Dudley,  and  which  was  numbered  362  in  the  catalogue  of 
the  Exhibition  of  the  Works  of  Old  Masters  at  Burlington 
House,  1871.  Mr.  Peacock  observes,  in  a  letter  to  the 
Director : — 

u  My  candle  belonged  to  my  great-great-grandmother  Eli- 
zabeth Woodruffe,  of  Ranskill,  in  the  county  of  Nottingham, 
who  was  married  in  1715.  She  told  her  daughter,  who  told 
my  father,  that  it  was  a  holy  candle,  and  had  been  handed  down 
in  the  family  from  the  times  before  the  Reformation.  As  it  has 
evidently  never  been  lighted,  it  cannot  have  been  a  baptismal 
candle.  I  think,  therefore,  it  is  probable  that  it  has  been  re- 
served for  use  at  extreme  unction  or  holy  communion,  when 
taken  as  viaticum.  This  candle  proves  that  candles  were  cast 
as  well  as  dipped  in  former  days.  It  has  certainly  been  made 
in  a  mould. 

"  I  send  you  a  transcript  from  the  Star  Chamber  Proceedings, 
which  is  curious,  as  proving  a  fact,  of  which  I  was  not  before 
aware,  that  people  were  accustomed  to  burn  candles  at  mass. 
We  all  of  course  know  of  their  use  at  baptism,  confirmation,  on 
altars,  before  shrines,  tombs,  &c.  It  would  be  interesting  to 
know  if  this  was  merely  a  personal  quarrel  between  Carre  and 
his  antagonist,  or  whether  Thomas  Batcman,  jentilman,  was 


58  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE   .  [1870, 

moved  to  do  what  he  did  by  zeal  against  popery.  I  fear  there 
is  no  evidence,  however,  left  to  show.  Bateman  never  filed 
his  answer,  or  it  has  been  lost." 

[P.  R  O.  Star  Chamber  Proceedings,  Hen.  VIII.    Vol.  8.     CA-CE-CH.  p.  153.] 

Lamentabilly  schoweth  and  compleynyth  vnto  yor  highnes  yor  trew  and  feyth- 
f  all  subiecte  Kichard  Carre  of  flixton  in  yor  Counte  of  Buff'  yeman  that  as  where 
the  same  yor  said  subiecte  apon  Seynt  Edmude  day  in  the  xiiij  yere  of  the  most 
nobill  reign  of  yor  highnes  was  in  the  chirche  of  the  seid  toune  of  flyxton  beyng 
the  p'ishe  chirche  of  yor  said  subiecte  heryng  his  messe  as  a  trew  cristen  man 
schuld  do  thynkyng  no  bodely  hurt  to  no  man  and  yor  said  subiecte  so  beyng 
heryng  of  his  said  messe  did  set  before  hym  apon  the  pomell  of  the  stole  in  the 
said  chirche  where  he  satt  and  knelid  a  candell  of  wax  to  burne  in  the  honor  of 
allmyghty  god  and  the  holy  crusifix  as  yor  said  subiecte  continually  of  long-  tyme 
have  in  eu'y  feastfull  day  vsid  and  accustomed  to  do  and  as  yor  said  subiecte  was 
soo  herynge  of  his  messe  and  the  said  candell  burnyng  before  hym  On  Thomas 
Bateman  of  the  said  towne  of  flixton  Jentilman  of  his  crewell  and  malicyus  evil 
disposed  mynd  rose  from  the  stole  in  the  said  chirche  where  he  satt  and  in  crewell 
maner  toke  and  threw  downe  the  said  candell  and  wolde  not  suffer  yor  said 
subiecte  to  have  the  said  candell  to  burne  [ther]e  apon  the  pomell  of  the  stole 
and  apon  the  Sonday  next  foloyng  the  said  Thomas  Bateman  app'seyuyng 
that  yor  said  subiecte  in  heryng  his  matens  and  messe  had  set  a  nother  wax 
candell  a  pon  the  pomell  of  the  said  stole  where  he  satt  in  the  said  chirche  in  the 
honor  of  god  and  of  the  holy  crusyfyx  comaunded  his  s'uant  to  put  doune  the 
candell  of  yor  said  subiectte  and  yor  said  subiecte  app'seyuyng  the  intent  of  the 
s'uaunt  of  the  said  Bateman  as  he  was  comyng  to  put  doune  the  same  yor  saide 
subiecte  hilde  the  candell  and  the  pomell  of  the  stole  together  wl  his  hande  saye- 
ing  in  fayer  maner  that  he  schuld  not  put  doune  his  candell  And  ther  wl  the 
said  Bateman  did  rise  from  his  said  stole  where  he  sett  we  in  the  said  chirche 
and  cam  in  a  grett  violent  maner  to  yor  said  subiecte  sayeng  and  sweryng  by  the 
messe  and  dyu'se  and  many  other  grett  othes  that  yor  saide  subiecte  schuld  not 
sett  nor  kepe  no  candell  burnyng  apon  the  said  pomell  and  if  he  did  that  he 
schuld  ley  his  knyfe  apon  his  hed  wl  dyu'se  other  grett  wordes  of  threte  and 
manysse  By  reason  wherof  the  prest  beyng  att  messe  abought  the  gospell  was 
inforcyd  to  put  of  his  clothes  and  com  down  ffrom  the  awter  to  pacyfye  the  said 
pateman. 

[The  document  further  sets  forth  how  the  said  Carre  was  stabbed  and  other- 
wise ill-used  by  and  at  the  instigation  of  Bateman.] 

2.  A  small  bronze  Lamp,  adapted  for  suspension,  inscribed 
round  the  margin,  in  large  capitals  of  the  early  part  of  the 
sixteenth  century, 

SVOR   .    JACOPA. 


^  lamp  may  have  belonged  to  a  nun  (suor,  sister)  in  some 
Italian  convent. 

W.  C.  BOULTEK,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  and  presented  a 
photograph  of  the  fine  seal  and  counter-seal  of  Robert  Waldeby, 
archbishop  of  York,  1396-8,  for  the  jurisdiction  of  Hexham. 

The  ^  seal  exhibits  a  shield  party  per  pale:  1.  A  pall  sur- 
mounting a  crozier  in  pale,  as  in  the  arms  of  Canterbury,  and 
Armagh,  and  Dublin  ;  2.  A  lion  rampant  ermine,  crowned, 
within  .a  bordure  compony.  The  counter-seal  also  has  a  shield 


Dec.  15.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  59 

bearing  two  keys  in  saltire,  in  chief  a  crown  from  which  proceed 
five  straight  lines  meeting  above  pyramidically  and  terminating 
in  a  cross. 

This  seal  has  been  engraved  at  least  three  times,  once  in 
Drake's  Eboracum,  where,  however,  it  is  mistaken  for  that  of 
Robert  Holgate  (archbishop  1545-54) ;  in  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine  for  1839,  New  Series,  xii.  234  ;  and  again  in  the 
Journal  of  the  Archaeological  Association,  xiii.  plate  2. 

There  is,  in  the  volume  of  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  cited 
above,  a  learned  note  of  Mr.  J.  G.  Nichols  in  relation  to  this 
seal.  He  observes  that  the  pall  used  by  the  archbishops  until 
the  Reformation  appeared  in  the  arms  of  the  archbishops  of 
York,  as  well  as  those  of  Canterbury,  until  the  time  of  Arch- 
bishop Lee  (the  successor  of  Wolsey,  consecr.  1531),  inclu- 
sively. The  keys  and  crown  imperial,  the  modern  arms  of  the 
see  of  York,  are  on  all  the  monuments  of  the  subsequent  arch- 
bishops.  Drake,  indeed,  omits  the  crown  in  Sandys'  case,  but 
his  accuracy  in  this  particular  may  be  doubted.  The  keys  and 
crown,  says  Mr.  Nichols,  were  long  before  given  as  the  arms  of 
the  church  of  York.  With  much  probability,  he  supposes  the 
crown  on  Waldeby's  seal  to  represent  the  Papal  tiara,  and  with 
the  keys  to  be  allusive  to  Saint  Peter,  the  patron  of  the  church. 
He  adds  that  the  alteration  to  an  imperial  crown  first  appears 
on  the  monument  of  Archbishop  Piers,  who  died  iii'1594.  Mr. 
Planche,  in  his  paper  on  the  Wells  Effigies  (Journ-.  Arch.  Ass. 
ubi  supra),  has  referred  to  two  other  examples  of  this  early 
tiara,  precisely  resembling  that  on  Waldeby's  seal — one  from  the 
Cotton  MS.  Nero  D.  I.,  the  other  from  a  glass  window  in  Wells 
Cathedral,  representing  the  sainted  Pope  Marcellus.*  It  should 
however  be  noticed  that  this  peculiar  form  of  crown  is  to  be 
met  with  in  early  paintings  of  ecclesiastical  subjects  adorning 
the  head  of  other  personages  than  the  sovereign  Pontiff.  Thus 
in  a  Coronation  of  the  Blessed  Virgin  by  Justus  of  Padua 
(ob.  1400),  in  the  National  Gallery,  No.  701,  the  crown  is  very 
similar  to  that  on  Waldeby's  seal,  having  three  fleurons,  from 
which  issue  three  lines  in  a  pyramidical  form. 

The  lion  rampant  ermine,  within. the  bordure  compony,  is  no 
doubt  the  personal  arms  of  Robert  Waldeby.  The  fashion  of 
impaling  the  arms  of  the  see  with  the  personal  coat  had  already 
commenced  at  this  time,  as  may  be  seen  by  the  seal  of  Thomas 
Arundel,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  1396. 

J.  J.  HOWARD,  Esq.  LL.D.  F.S.A.  exhibited,  by  permission 

*  The  label  accompanying  the  figure  in  the  glass  window  has  been  read  S. 
Marcellina,  but  there  seems  little  doubt  that  it  is  in  fact  S.  Marcellus  Papa  (the 
last  word  being  contracted). 


60  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1870, 

of  the  Mayor  and  Corporation  of  Coventry,  two  original  Docu- 
ments. The  first,  relating  to  land  in  Bitteswell,  in  Leicester- 
shire, which  belonged  originally  to  the  Trinity  Guild,  and 
subsequently  to  the  Corporation  of  Coventry,  may  be  thus 
described  : — 

Charter,  whereby  James  son  of  Koger  of  Little  Ashby,  gives 
and  confirms  to  Geoffrey  son  of  William  of  Butmiswelle,  in 
frank-marriage  with  Emma  his  daughter,  one  virgate  of  land  in 
Butmiswelle,  with  the  appurtenances  in  all  places  whatsoever 
within  or  without  the  vill  of  Butmiswelle,  which  virgate'  of  land 
Alexander  de  Butmiswelle  sometime  held  of  the  grantor  :  Haben- 
dum  of  the  grantor  and  his  heirs  to  Geoffrey  and  Emma  and 
their  heirs  issuing  out  of  the  said  Emma,  rendering  annually 
one  penny  at  Christmas.  With  clause  of  warranty.  ^  Witnesses: 
Richard  de  Walecote,  Richard  son  of  Roger  of  Little  Ashby, 
Helyas  of  Morton  Hill  (de  Monte  de  Mortone),  William  Atwell 
(ad  fontem)  of  Walecote,  Ralf  le  Louerd,  Reginald  Cleybroc, 
Robert  le  Schereman,  Peter  Duvedale,  William  Patric  de  But- 
miswelle, and  others. 

Seal,  elliptical.  If  inch  by  1£  inch.  Subject:  A  wheat-ear 
with  two  leaves  folded  back,  much  resembling  an  early  fleur- 
de-lis.  Legend :  +  s'  JACOBI  :  FIL  :  ROGERI. 

This  device  is  worth  notice,  as  it  may  serve  to  explain  several 
of  the  conventional  flowers  which  we  find  on  seals  of  the  twelfth 
and  thirteenth  centuries,  and  which  are  generally  described  as 
"  early  fleurs-de-lis." 

The  following  is  the  text  of  the  second  deed  : — 

Anno  ab  incarnacione  Domini  millesimo  ducentesimo  quinquagesimo  sexto 
in  crastino  palmarum.  Conventum  est  inter  Philippum  de  Winchecumbe  ex  parte 
una,  et  Johannem  le  Flecher  ex  parta  altera.  Ita  videlicet  quod  predictus 
Philippus  retraxit  breve  Domini  Regis  super  predictum  Johannem  perquisitum 
pro  quadam  communi  pastura  in  campis  de  Sponna.*  Sub  tali  scilicet  forma, 
quod  predictus  Johannes  vel  heredes  vel  assignati  sui  in  communi  pastura 
p'tacta,  ulterius  non  arabunt  nee  etiam  seminabunt:  sed  secundum  metas  et 
divisas  ibidem  factas,  ilia  communis  pastura  predicta  jacebit  et  permanebit 
intacta  ;  si  tamen  a  casu  contingat  (vel  etiam  voluntarie)  quod  predictus  Johannes 
vel  heredes  vel  assignati  sui  ulterius  in  predicta  pastura  arent  vel  seminent,  vel 
etiam  divisas  sive  metas  aliquas  ibidem  positas  removeant,  predict?  Philippo  vel 
ejus  heredibus  vel  assignatis  emendam  facient  per  visum  bondrum  et  legalium 
virorum  ex  consensu  parcium  eligendorum  sub  pena  dimidii  marcse  nomine 
peccunie  solvende,  si  virorum  electorum  visui  vel  etiam  si  viros  aliquos  honestos 
pro  parte  sua  eligere,  aliquo  modo  contradicere  presumant  (sic).  Et  ad  omnia 
predicta  fideliter  observanda  renunciavit  predictus  Johannes  pro  se  et  heredibus 
vel  assignatis  suis  pmni  exception!  cavillationi  et  defensioni  et  omni  juris 
remedio,  tarn  canonico  quam  civili,  et  specialiter  Regie  prohibition!,  Subjecit 
etiam  se  predictus  Johannes  pro  se  et  heredibus  suis  vel  etiam  assignatis  juris- 
diction! Officialis  Archidiaconi  Coventriensis  seu  precentoris  ejusdem  loci  qui- 
cunque  fuerit  pro  tempore,  quod  ipsos  sine  cause  cognitione  de  die  in  diem  per 

*  The  free  chapel  of  Sponne  on  the  west  side  of  Coventry  is  mentioned  in 
Dugd.  Warwickshire,  i.  197. 


Dec.  15.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  01 

sententiam  excommunicacionis  vel  aliam  penam  quam  pars  dicti  Philippi  duxerit 
eligendam,  posset  ad  observacionem  convencionis  compellere,  una  cum  dampnis 
et  expensis,  si  pars  dicti  Philippi  aliquas  fecerit,  ratione  convencionis  non  obser- 
vate.  Ex  altera  parte  predictus  Johannes  retraxit  breve  Domine  Regis  super 
dictum  Philippum  perquisitum  pro  quodam  messuagio  versus  Sponnam  Sub  tali 
forma  quod  omnes  discordie  et  etiam  contenciones  inter  predictos  Philippum  et 
Johannem  prohabite  a  dictis  die  et  anno  in  posterum  relaxentur  et  compescantur. 
Si  tamen  contingat  (quod  absit)  quod  alique  rixe  et  etiam  contenciones  in  dictis 
vel  factis  vel  etiam  in  terris  tenementis  vel  edificiis  inter  predictos  Philippum  et 
Johannem  et  eorum  heredes  vel  assignatos  dehinc  evenerint ;  quicunque  eorum 
erga  alium  deliquerit  et  per  juramentum  fidelium  probari  possit  per  visum  domini 
vicarii  sancti  Michaelis  et  capellani  de  Sponna  quicunque  fueririt  pro  temporc 
alii  emendabit  sub  pena  dimidii  marce  qui  dictorum  vicarii  et  Capellani  arbitrio 
consentire  noluerit.  Et  ad  hec  omnia  fideliter  observanda  uterque  predictorurn 
Philippus  et  Johannes  fide  media  se  obligavit,  et  etiam  huic  presenti  scripto  in 
modum  cyrographi  confecto  alternatim  sigillum  suum  apposuit.  Hiis  testibus, 
Anketin'  de  Wikewane,  Symone  medico,  Henrico  Burgeys,  Ada  de  la  grene, 
Ricardo  Magistro,  Alexandra  de  Crulefeld,  Erna[r']  de  Aula,  Thoma  de  Hore- 
well,  Hugone  clerico  Cyrographi  compositore,  et  aliis. 

This  deed  presents  some  remarkable  peculiarities.  It  will  be 
observed,  in  the  first  place,  that  although  relating  to  secular 
matters,  and  indeed  to  a  freehold  interest  in  land,  it  is  never- 
theless drawn  up  in  a  form  partaking  much  more  of  the  style  of 
ecclesiastical  than  of  civil  instruments.  Hugh  the  clerk,  who 
has  recorded  the  fact  that  he  drew  the  deed,  would  seem  to 
have  been  a  practitioner  in  the  canon  law. 

The  subject  matter  of  the  agreement  between  the  two  parties, 
Philip  of  Winchecombe,  and  John  the  Fletcher,  is  simply  this. 
Philip  had  sued  on  a  writ  at  common  law  against  John  for  a 
certain  common  of  pasture  in  the  fields  of  Sponne,  and  the 
agreement  witnesses  that  Philip  had  withdrawn  this  writ,  on  the 
terms  that  John  and  his  heirs  should  no  longer  cultivate  the 
common  land  in  question ;  and  if  by  any  chance  John  and  his 
heirs  should  plough  or  sow  there,  or  touch  the  boundaries,  he  and 
they  should  make  amends  to  Philip  and  his  heirs  according  to 
the  award  of  certain  arbitrators,  under  the  penalty  of  half  a 
marc.  John,  on  the  other  side,  withdraws  a  writ  brought 
against  Philip  for  a  house  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Sponne. 
But  the  remarkable  part  of  this  agreement  consists  of  the 
methods  proposed  to  enforce  its  observance. 

John,  on  the  one  hand,  to  bind  his  bargain  with  Philip, 
submits  himself  to  the  jurisdiction  of  the  official  of  the  Arch- 
deacon of  Coventry,  or  of  the  prascentor  of  Coventry,  who  was 
to  compel  the  observation  of  the  agreement  either  by  excom- 
munication or  otherwise,  but  de  die  in  diem,  and  without  the 
formalities  of  a  regular  suit.  In  order  to  render  this  submission 
the  more  effectual,  John  renounced  all  legal  or  canonical  de- 
fences, and  in  particular  the  King's  writ  of  Prohibition.  This 
very  curious  submission  is  not  reciprocated  by  Philip.  Both 
parties,  however,  agree,  in  case  any  fresh  quarrel  should  arise 


62  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

between  them,  that  whichever  shall  be  proved  guilty  of  any 
trespass,  by  the  oaths  of  lawful  men,  shall  make  amends  to  the 
other  at  the  discretion  of  the  vicar  of  St.  Michael's,  and  the 
chaplain  of  Sponne,  under  a  penalty  as  before  of  half  a  marc. 

It  is  to  be  observed  that  among  the  Constitutions  of  Arch- 
bishop Boniface,  made  in  a  provincial  synod  in  1261,  five  years 
after  the  date  of  this  agreement,  (which  Constitutions  were,  in 
fact,  an  abortive  attempt  at  ousting  the  jurisdiction  of  the 
King's  Courts  and  increasing  the  acknowledged  powers  of  the 
Courts  Christian,)  there  is  contained  a  provision  ordaining  that 
no  archbishop,  bishop,  or  other  prelate  should  appear,  if  called 
upon  by  the  king's  letters,  to  answer  respecting  the  following, 
among  other  matters,  which  the  synod  held  to  concern  merely 
their  office  and  Courts  Ecclesiastical,  viz.,  whether  they  ,took 
cognizance  of  actions  personal  concerning  contracts,  or  quasi- 
contracts,  trespasses  or  quasi  trespasses,  either  between  clerks  or 
between  clerks  complainants  and  laymen  defendants.*  In  the 
present  instance  it  does  not  appear  that  either  party  was  a 
clerk. 

^  W.  G.  LEVESON  GOWER,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary  for 
Surrey,  exhibited  a  photograph  taken  from  some  Mural  Paint- 
ings, lately  discovered  in  Chaldon  Church,  Surrey,  and  which 
represent  the  Last  Judgment. 

Mr.  Leveson  Gower  furnished  a  short  description  of  the 
subject,  and  stated  that  full-sized  tracings  of  the  paintings  have 
been  made,  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Waller,  to  be  drawn 
upon  stone  and  ultimately  printed  in  chromo-lithography.  A 
detailed  account  will  appear  with  these  illustrations  in  the  next 
part  of  the  Surrey  Archaeological  Collections. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communications. 


Thursday,  January  12th,  1871. 
AUGUSTUS  W.  FRANKS,  ESQ.,  V.P.  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  :— 

' English  Law>  iL  8o>  ami  see 


Jan.   12.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  03 

From  J.  A.  Pearson,  Esq.,  F.S.A.  : — Cases  for  both  Appellant  and  Respondent 
for  the  Earldom  of  Breadalbane  ;  also  the  cases  both  original  and  supple- 
mental of  the  Appellant  and  Respondent  in  the  Stirling  Peerage  matter. 
2  vols.  4to.  Edinburgh  and  London,  1867. 

From  Robert  Ferguson,  Esq.,  Loc.  Sec.  S.A.,  Cumberland  : — A  Short  Historical 
and  Architectural  Account  of  Lanercost  Abbey.  By  R.  S.  Ferguson,  M.A., 
and  C.  J.  Ferguson.  4to.  London  and  Carlisle,  1870. 

From  the  Art  Union  of  London  : — Report  for  1870,  with  List  of  Members.  8vo. 
London,  1870. 

From  the  Author: — Ancient  and  Modern  Muggletonians  :  a  Paper  read  before 
the  Liverpool  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society,  April  4th,  1870.  By 
Alexander  Gordon,  M.A.  8vo. 

From  the  Science  and  Art  Department,  South  Kensington  :  — 

1.  Textile  Fabrics  ;  a  Descriptive  Catalogue  of  Church  Vestments,  Dresses, 
Silk  Stuffs,  Needlework  and  Tapestries.     By  the  Very  Rev.  Daniel  Rock, 
D.D.     8vo.     London,  1870. 

2.  Universal  Art  Inventory.     Part  1.     Mosaics  and  Stained  Glass.     Edited 
by  Henry  Cole,  C.B.     8vo.     London,  1870. 

3.  Descriptive  Catalogue  of  Musical  Instruments.     By  Carl  Engel.     8vo. 
London,  1870. 

From  E.  Hailstone,  Esq.,  F.S.A.:— Tommy  Toddles's  Comic  Olmenac.  1871. 
8vo.  Leeds  and  London. 

From  the  Editor: — The  Athenaeum.     2  vols.     4to.     London,  1870. 

From  the  Editor,  Geo.  Godwin,  Esq.,  F.R.S.:— The  Builder.     Vol.  28.     Folio. 

London,  1870. 
From  the  Proprietor,  James  S.  Virtue,  Esq.: — The  Art  Journal.    Ninth  Volume. 

(New  Series).     4to.     London,  1870. 
From  the  Editor:— Notes  and  Queries.     Vols.  5  and  6.     (Fourth  Series.)     4to, 

London,  1870. 

From  the  Society  of  Arts: — Their  Journal.     8vo.     London,  1870. 
From  the  Photographic   Society :    The  Photographic   Journal.     8vo.     London, 

1870. 
From  the  Editor  : — Nature.     2  vols.     4to.     London,  1870. 

From  the  Hoyal  Institute  of  British  Architects  : — Sessional  Papers,  1870-71. 

No.  3.     4to.     London,  1870. 
From  the  Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal : — 

1.  Journal.     New  Series.     Vol.  xxxix.     Part  2.    No.  3.     8vo.     Calcutta, 
1870. 

2.  Proceedings.    No.  ix.     September.     8vo.     Calcutta,  1870. 

From  the  London  Institution.     Journal.    No.  1.     Vol.  1.     8vo.     London,  1871. 

From  the  Author  :— Continental  Notes  for  Private  Circulation.  By  S.  C.  Bagg, 
J.P.  8vo.  Montreal,  1870. 

From  the  Numismatic  Society :- — The  Numismatic  Chronicle.  Vol.  x.  New 
Series.  No.  39.  8.vo.  London,  1870. 

From  the  Author  : — Ancestry  of  Priscilla  Baker,  wife  of  Isaac  Appleton  of 
Ipswich.  By  William  S.  Appleton.  4to.  Cambridge  (U.  S.  A.),  1 870. 

From  the  Author: — Crowland  and  Burgh.  A  Light  on  the  Historians  and  on 
the  History  of  Crowland  Abbey.  By  Henry  Scale  English.  Vols.  2  and  3. 
(Completing  the  work.)  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Editor: — The  Church   Builder.     No.  37.     January.     8vo.     London. 

1871. 

From  Dr.  Northcote,  D.D.: — Pagan  Inscriptions  and  Christian  Cemeteries.    (Re- 
•   printed  froni  "  The  Month.")     8vo. 


04  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

From  the  Author  :  The  Life  of  Richard  Deane,  Major-General  and  General-at- 
Sea,  in  the  service  of  the  Commonwealth.  By  John  Bathurst  Deane,  M.A., 
F.S.A.  8vo.  London,  1870. 

From  George  Manners,  Esq.,  F.S.A.:— A  Series  of  Ancient  Baptismal  Fonts, 
chronologically  arranged.  Drawn  by  F.  Simpson,  jun.  Engraved  by  R. 
Eoberts.  4to.  London,  1828. 

From  the  Royal  United  Service  Institution  :— Journal.  Vol.  xiv.  No.  61.  8vo. 
London,  1870. 

From  the  Historic  Society  of  Lancashire  and  Cheshire  : — Transactions.  New 
Series.  Vol.  x.  8vo.  Liverpool,  1870. 

From  the  Somersetshire  Archaeological  and  Natural  History  Society  : — Proceed- 
ings, 1868-9.  8vo.  Taunton,  1870. 

A  vote  of  Special  Thanks  was  accorded  to  George  Manners, 
Esq.,  for  his  valuable  presents  to  the  Library. 

Samuel  Sharp,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  Local  Secretary  for  Northamp- 
tonshire, exhibited  a  set  of  Coin-moulds  and  other  antiquities  of 
the  Roman  period,  lately  found  at  Duston  in  Northamptonshire. 

A  description  of  the  objects  exhibited  on  this  occasion  will  be 
found  in  the  Appendix  to  Mr.  Sharp's  Paper  on  Roman  Remains 
at  Duston,  in  the  Archaeologia,  xliii.  130. 

This  being  an  evening  appointed  for  the  election  of  Fellows, 
no  Papers  were  read. 

The  ballot  commenced  at  a  quarter  to  nine  and  ended  at  half- 
past  nine,  when  the  following  candidates  were  declared  to  be 
duly  elected : — 

Robert  Furley,  Esq. 

Rev.  Thomas  Bayley  Levy,  M.A. 

Robert  Brown,  Esq. 

William  Long,  Esq. 

Rev.  John  Harwood  Hill,  B.A. 

Robert  Nicholas  Fowler,  Esq.  M.P. 


Jan.   19.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  65 

Thursday,  January  19th,  1871. 
FEEDERIC  OUVRY,  ESQ.,  Treasurer,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  W.  C.  Boulter,  Esq.,  F.S.A.  :  — 

1.  The  Scarborough  Guide  (a  second  edition),  to  which  is  prefixed  a  descrip- 
tive Route  through  Hull  and  Beverley.     8vo.     Hull,  1796. 

2.  Historical  Sketches  of  Bridlington.     By  J.  Thompson.     8vo.     Bridling- 
ton,  1839. 

3.  The  Stranger's  Guide  to  Ferriby,  Welton,  Elloughton,  and  South  Cave  in 
the  East-Riding  of  the  county  of  York.     12mo.     Hull,  &c.,  1841. 

4.  The  Visitor's  Guide  to  York  Cathedral :  with  an  Account  of  the  Churches 
in  York.     16mo.  York,  1845. 

5.  Black's  Guide  to  Leeds  and  vicinity.     8vo.    Edinburgh,  1868. 

6.  Thomas  de  Rotherham,  Archbishop  of  York,  and  his  College  of  Ja»us  at 
Rotherham.     By  John  Guest,  Esq.     8vo.     Rotherham,  1869. 

From  Frederic  Ouvry,  Esq.,  Treas.  S.A.  : — The  Isham  Reprints.  Edited  by 
Charles  Edmonds.  Containing  Shakespeare's  Venus  and  Adonis.  1599. 
The  Passionate  Pilgrime.  1599.  Epigrammes  by  Sir  John  Davies,  and 
certaine  of  Ovid's  Elegies  translated  by  Christopher  Marlowe.  Small  8vo. 
London,  1870.  (Small  Paper,  No.  13.) 

From  the  Royal  Arch£eological  Institute  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  : — The 
Archaeological  Journal.  No.  107.  8vo.  London,  1870. 

From  the  Yorkshire  Archaeological  and  Topographical  Association  : — The  York- 
shire Archaeological  and  Topographical  Journal.  Part  4.  (Completing 
vol.  i.)  8vo.  London,  1870. 

From  the  Author  :  Notes  on  the  History  and  Distribution  of  Gold,  Silver,  and 
Tin  in  Great  Britain.  By  John.  Piggot,  Junior,  F.S.A.  (From  the  Art 
Journal  for  July— October,  1870.)  4to.  London,  1870. 

From  Edward  Peacock,  Esq.,  F.S'.A.  : — Henrici  Kornmanni  ex  Kirchajna,  de 
Miraculis  Mortuorum,  opus  novum  et  admirandum  in  decem  partes  distribu- 
tum.  Small  8vo.  1610. 

From  the  Author  :— Notes  or  Jottings  about  Aldeburgh,  Suffolk.  Relating  to 
matters  Historical,  Antiquarian,  Ornithological,  and  Entomological.  By 
N.  F.  Hele.  8vo.  London,  1870. 

From  the  Royal  Historical  and  Archaeological  Association  of  Ireland  :— The 
Journal.  Vol.  I.  Fourth  Series.  No.  4.  8vo.  Dublin,  1870. 

A  vote  of  Special  Thanks  was  accorded  to  the  Treasurer  for 
his  present  of  the  volume  of  "  The  Isham  Reprints,"  of  which 
the  number  printed  is  very  small. 

Notice  was  given  that  the  President  had  appointed  the  follow- 

VOL.  V.  F 


(56  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

'ing  Fellows  to  be  Auditors  of  the  Society's  accounts  for  the 
year  1871  :— 

Rev.  James  Gerald  Joyce. 
George  Steinman  Steinman,  Esq. 
Lieut.-Col.  John  Farnaby  Lennard. 
Thomas  Lewin,  Esq. 

SAMUEL  WOOD,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  Local  Secretary  for  Shropshire, 
exhibited  two  Gold  Kings  found  at  Shrewsbury  on  or  near  the 
site  of  the  new  market. 

1.  Signet-ring  with  finely  cut  figure  of  the  Pelican  "  in  her 
piety."     Late  sixteenth  century. 

2.  Posy-ring  *  As  ioyned .in  one  so  ioy  in  one  RE 

FREDERIC  OUVRY,  ESQ.  Treasurer,  exhibited  and  presented 
an  impression  from  a  Brass  Matrix  of  a  Seal  found  in  the  sea  at 
Orfordness,  Suffolk,  and  belonging  to  a  guild  of  Corpus  Christi 
at  Orford. 

This  Seal,  which  dates  from  the  fourteenth  century,  may  be 
thus  described : — 

It  is  circular,  If  inches  in  diameter.  Under  a  wide  three - 
foiled  arch  with  shafts  terminated  by  crocketed  finials  is  a  large 
shield  bearing  the  instruments  of  the  Passion,  viz.,  the  cross 
between  two  scourges  erect  in  base,  the  upper  limb  ensigned 
with  the  crown  of  thorns,  a  nail  inserted  into  the  end  of  the 
transverse  and  lower  limbs,  all  surmounted  by  the  reed  with  the 
sponge,  and  the  lance  in  saltire.  A  kneeling  figure  on  either 
side  of  the  arch. 

Legend, 

+  8'  COG  FROT'NITftTIS  [GYLDG  ?]  CORPIS  XPI; 
and  over  the  shield  ORFORD. 

The  treatment  of  the  symbols  is  precisely  the  same  as  that 
which  we  find  on  the  ancient  seal  of  Corpus  Christi  college, 
Cambridge,  figured  at  page  11  of  Masters'  History  of  that 
house. 

The  virtues  ascribed  to  "  these  Arm  us  of  Crist  both  God  and 
man"  as  "Sent  petur  ]?e  pop  discriuet  hem,"  will  be  found 
enumerated  at  the  end  of  a  curious  religious  poem  on  the  Sym- 
bols of  the  Passion,  printed  from  the  Royal  and  Additional  MSS. 
in  the  British  Museum  by  the  Early  English  Text  Society  in 
the  volume  "  Legends  of  the  Holy  Rood,  &c.,"  London,  1871. 

GEORGE  MANNERS,  ESQ.  F.S.A.  exhibited  two  original  Letters 
both  signed  "  Loys  de  Bourbon,"  in  what  appeared  to  be  the 


Jan.  19.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  67 

same  handwriting.  One  of  these  letters,  without  date,  was 
holograph,  and  addressed  a  A  la  Raine,"  begging  her  and  the 
King  to  believe  in  his  fidelity.  Signed, 

V're  treshumble  et  tresobeyssant  seujet  et  Seruyteur, 

LOYS  DE  BOUEBON. 

The  other  letter  is  addressed — 

A  Mon  Cousin  Monsr  le  Conte  du  Rude  Chlr  de  lordr'  du 
Roy  monseigneur  et  son  Lieuten'  g'ral  en  Poictou. 

The  writer  states  that  subjects  of  his  town  and  bailiwick  of 
St.  Benoist  du  Sault,  having  learned  his  return  from  Court,  have 
come  to  him  to  remonstrate  against  certain  oppressions  they  had 
been  subjected  to  for  some  years  past,  as  well  by  the  passage  of 
armed  troops  as  by  excessive  imposts  and  extraordinary  bur- 
dens. This  year  they  have  been  so  persecuted  by  hail,  frosts, 
and  bad  weather  that  they  have  been  unable  to  reap  sufficient 
corn,  or  make  wine  enough  for  their  own  subsistence.  Never- 
theless by  his  commissioners  the  Count  had  ordered  the 
"  Esleus"  of  Blanc,  and  the  authorities  of  St.  Benoist,  to  pro- 
duce four  hundred  loads  of  corn,  two  hundred  oxen,  five  hun- 
dred quintals  of  hay,  straw  and  oats,  &c. ,  to  be  delivered  at  the 
town  of  Luzignan,*  for  the  sustenance  of  the  camp  of  the  King 
who  was  besieging  La  Rochelle.  Begs  the  Count  to  exempt 
them  as  the  requisitions  are  beyond  their  means. 

From  Mirebeau,  November  27th,  1572. 

(Signed)  Voustre  plus  affectionne  cousin  et  meiller  amy, 

LOYS  DE  BOURBON. 

The  authorship  of  these  two  letters  has  been  attributed  to 
Louis  of  Bourbon  Due  de  Conde,  who  however  was  slain  at 
Jarnac  March  13th,  1569.  He  therefore  could  not  have  written 
the  second  letter,  which  may  perhaps  be  assigned  to  Louis  de 
Bourbon  Due  de  Monpensier,  b.  1513,  d.  1582.  He  is  recorded 
to  have  been  present  at  the  Siege  of  La  Rochelle  in  1573. 

Mr.  MANNERS  also  exhibited  a  paper  Book  of  ten  pages,  small 
folio,  containing  an  original  account  of  the  expenses  of  the  diet 
of  the  Privy  Council  sitting  in  the  Star  Chamber  in  the  year 
1594-5. 

This  exhibition  was  accompanied  by  the  following  remarks  by 
C.  S.  PERCEVAL,  Esq.  LL.D.,  Director  : — 

"  The  history  and  antiquities  of  the  Star  Chamber  have  occu- 


*  This  town  is  situated  about  half  way  between  St.  Benoist  du  Sault  and  La 
Rochelle. 

F  2 


68  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

pied  the  attention  of  more  than  one  distinguished  Fellow  of  this 
Society. 

"  Mr.  Hallam,  in  the  first  volume  of  his  Constitutional  His- 
tory, pages  48  et  seq.,  has  gone  into  the  distinction  which  existed 
between  the  King's  ordinary  council  as  a  court  with  jurisdiction, 
usurped  though  part  of  it  may  have  been,  and  the  deliberative 
body  the  advisers  of  the  Crown,  more  particularly  known  as  the 
Privy  Council  ;  and  the  late  Mr.  John  Bruce,  in  his  two  letters 
on  rThe  History  of  the  Court  of  Star  Chamber,'*  has  shown, 
perhaps  more  clearly  and  precisely  than  the  learned  historian  of 
the  Middle  Ages,  that  the  Court  of  Star  Chamber  was  no  new 
jurisdiction  created  (as  had  been  frequently  supposed)  in  the 
reign  of  King  Henry  VII.  ,  but  merely  a  new  name  for  "the  .old 
authority  exercised  by  the  Council  generally  sitting  in  the  Star 
Chamber.  The  heading  of  Mr.  Manners's  document  retains  the 
more  accurate  style,  '  The  Queen's  Majesties  most  honorable 
Privye  Counsell  at  her  Grace's  Starchamber.' 

"  i  In  the  exercise  of  their  judicial  authority,'  says  Mr.  Bruce,  f 
'  the  Council  held  their  sittings  in  a  chamber  of  the  Palace  at 
Westminster,  known  as  "  the  Council  Chamber,  near  the  Ex- 
chequer," and  "  the  Chambre  des  Estoyers  or  Estoilles,"  near 
the  Receipt  of  the  Exchequer.  The  occupation  of  the  Chambre 
des  Estoilles,  or  Star  Chamber,  by  the  Council,  can  be  traced 
from  the  reign  of  Edward  III.  Here  the  Court  sat  for  the 
hearing  of  causes  during  term  time  twice  and  sometimes  thrice 
in  every  week.  After  the  sitting  the  judges  of  the  Court  (that  is, 
the  members  of  the  King's  ordinary  council,  the  "  Lords  of  the 
Council,"  as  they  are  still  termed  in  the  Litany  in  the  Church 
service,  although  many  of  them  have  generally  been  under  the 
degree  of  a  baron),  together  with  the  Clerk  of  the  Council, 
dined  in  the  Inner  Star  Chamber  at  the  public  expense.  't 

"  The  present  account  gives  us  the  detail  of  the  cost  of  these 
dinners  during  the  Hilary  Term  of  the  year  1594-5.  The 
Council  sat  for  six  days,  namely,  on  Friday,  January  24,  which 
was  the  ^  first  day  of  Term,  on  the  two  following  Fridays,  the 
intervening  Wednesdays,  and  on  Thursday,  February  13,  the 
last  day  of  the  term.  The  sittings  are  expressly  stated  to  have 
been  in  Hilary  term.  The  ordinary  tables,  however,  all  agree 
in  ending  this  term  in  the  years  1594-5  on  the  12th  and  not 
the  13th  of  February. 

"  We  have  a  bill  of  fare  for  each  of  these  days,  and  in  the 
margin  are  noted  the  names  of  the  lords  and  others  who  were 
present,  but  whether  these  names  are  merely  those  of  the  per- 


P.  348. 


Jan.  19.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  69 

sons  who  sat  down  to  dinner,  or  are  the  complete  list  of  those 
who  attended  the  business  part  of  the  sitting  does  not  very 
clearly  appear.  I  observe  that,  although  the  number  of  persons 
6  present '  is  not  constant,  yet  the  allowance  of  bread  and  beer 
is  almost  the  same  on  each  day,  and  does  not  vary  with  that 
number.  The  same  may  be  said  of  the  sums  total.  This  being 
so,  it  would  rather  seem  that  a  fixed  banquet  was  provided 
without  exact  regard  to  the  number  of  convives. 

"  f  The  number  of  the  Council  who  attended  the  Court  is  said,* 
in  the  reigns  of  Henry  VII.  and  Henry  VIII. ,  to  have  been 
near  to  forty,  of  whom  seven  or  eight  were  prelates.  In  the 
reign  of  Elizabeth  the  number  was  nearly  thirty  ;  but  about  the 
thirtieth  year  of  that  reign  the  peers  who  were  not  privy  coun- 
cillors desisted  from  attendance,  wrhich  greatly  lessened  the 
number  of  the  Court.'  In  the  present  instance  the  number  of 
persons  note<J  in  the  margin  varies  from  thirteen  to  nineteen. 

"  The  Lord  Chancellor  was  the  head  of  the  Court.  In  1595 
the  great  seal  was  in  tlie  hands  of  a  Lord  Keeper,  Sir  John 
Puckering,  who  is  marked  as  present  every  day. 

"  It  was  usual  for  the  chief  justices  to  attend,  and,  accord- 
ingly both  Sir  John  Popham  and  Sir  Edmund  Anderson,  who 
at  that  time  presided  in  the  Queen's  Bench  and  the  Common  Pleas 
respectively,  appear  together  on  the  first  and  last  days,  and  on 
February  7th.  Both  were  absent  on  January  29th  and  Febru- 
ary 5th.  On  January  31st  the  Chief  Justice  of  England  alone 
attended.  Of  the  other  judges  (whom  the  Lord  Chancellor  had 
power  to  summon  when  necessary),  the  Lord  Chief  Baron 
attended  thrice ;  Mr.  Justice-  Shuttleworth,  Mr.  Justice  Owen, 
and  Mr.  Justice  Walmesly  each  once.  The  Master  of  the 
Rolls,  Sir  Thomas  Egerton,  afterwards  Lord  Keeper,  figures 
thrice  in  the  lists,  twice  by  his  official  designation,  once  by 
name. 

"  The  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  Whitgift,  was  present 
every  day ;  the  Bishop  of  London,  Fletcher,  appeared  at  the 
first  three  sittings. 

a  Of  temporal  peers  the  attendants  were  the  Lord  Buckhurst, 
afterwards  Lord  Treasurer,  Thomas  Lord  Burgh,  the  Lord 
Stafford,  and  the  Earl  of  Essex,  the  first  on  four  days,  the  rest 
each  on  one  single  occasion. 

"  The  Chancellor  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster,  Sir  Thomas 
Heneage,  and  the  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  Sir  John  For- 
tescue,  were  present,  the  former  on  four  days,  the  latter  on  all 
six. 

"  Sir    Edward    Coke,    the    Attorney- General,    appears   four 


I  again  quote  Mr.  Bruce,  uln  sujiru,  p. 


357. 


70  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

times,  and  a  Doctor  of  the  Arches  (either  Yaughan  or  Mount- 
ford)  attended  every  day. 

"  The  provision  of  diet  was  profuse  compared  with  the  numbers 
who  are  set  down  as  partaking  of  it ;  it  may  however  be   sup- 
posed  that  the  secretaries  and  others  of  the  suite  of  the  great . 
lords  expected  and  obtained  their  share. 

"  Fridays  of  course  were  fish  days,  though,  besides  capons, 
cocks  and  partridges,  one  joint  of  veal,  or  half  a  lamb,  or  both 
were  provided  for  those  who  had  licence  to  eat  flesh-meat ;  on 
each  Friday  there  was  afresh  salmon,  accompanied  by  a  chine,— 
were  they  eaten  together  ? 

"  Besides  the  salt  fish,  cod,  ling,  salmon,  eels,  and  herrings, 
there  were  fresh  salmon  and  eels,  pike  and  carps,  great  and 
small,  bream,  perch,  flounders,  a  fish  called  <  knobberd,'  and 
haberdines*— a  salt  fish  probably  taking  its  name  from  Aberdeen, 
the  town  of  its  export— turbot,  trout,  whiting,  soles,  shrimps, 
limpets,  crawfish,  .and  lampreys. 

"  The  flesh-meats  deserve  no  particular  comment.  In  this  class 
poultry  and  game  are  included :  turkeys,  capons,  cocks,  pullets, 
pheasants,  partridges,  and  snipes,  mallards,  teal,  and  blackbirds. 

"  The  charge  for  each  dinner  varies  from  ~L7L  to  18Z.,  which  is 
the  same  price  they  had  reached  in  1590.  This  appears  from 
a  paper  in  Lord  Burghley's  handwriting. f  The  cost  of  the 
dinners  in  1509  had  been  no  more  than  21.  Is.  2d.  per  dinner; 
in  1559,  '  the  ordinary  charge  of  a  dynar '  was  4/.  10s.  or 
51.  9s.;  in  1579  it  had  swelled  to  SI.  or  10?.;  while  eleven 
years  after  that  date  the  high  figures  of  111.  or  181.  had  been 
reached.  It  was  then  that  the  treasurer's  attention  seems  to  have 
been  drawn  to  the  matter.  The  number  of  persons  attending 
the  council  had  much  decreased  since  1509,  a  circumstance 
which  makes  the  increase  of  charge  the  more  remarkable.  With 
every  allowance  for  waste  and  growing  luxury,  the  eightfold 
or  ninefold  increase  in  eighty-six  years  offers  a  curious  illustra- 
tion of  the  change  in  the  value  of  money,  ensuing  upon  by  the 
discovery  of  the  American  continent. 

"  The  total  cost  of  the  dinners  was  104Z.  2s.  lOd.  but  this  was 
exclusive  of  the  '  provisions  for  the  furniture  of  the  dyettes.' 


*  This  fish  occurs  as  an  article  of  merchandise  in  patents  for  raising  tolls  for 
certain  purposes  in  the  fourteenth  century.  Thus  in  a  grant  of  murage  and 
pavage  to  Swansea  in  1339,  toll  is  to  be  charged  '  de  qualibet  carectata  de 
Aberden',  coming  to  be  sold  within  the  town  (Rot.  Pat.  12  Edw.  III.  pars  la, 
m.  37),  and  in  a  nearly  identical  patent  of  the  previous  reign  the  same  article  is 
specified  among  other  fish.  Ran  die  Holme  in  his  Academy  of  Armorie,  Book  II. 
mentions  "  a  Haberdine  or  Island  (Iceland  ?)  Fish,  of  some  called  Poor  John. 
It  is  the  worst  sort  of  Ling  Eish,  though  very  often  it  doth  pass  for  it,  because 
it  is  of  so  near  relation." 

f  MSS.  Lansd.  No.  1,  art.  44,  quoted  by  Mr.  Bruce,  Archaologia,  xxv.  356. 


Jan.  19.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  71 

Under  this  head  are  charged  in  a  separate  account  the  salt, 
vinegar,  verjuice,  and  other  condiments,  including  a  grocer's 
bill  for  spices  amounting  to  40/.  19s.  8d.,  together  with  cooks' 
wages,  boat  hire,  portage,  and  sundries.  Among  sundries  may 
be  noticed  a  gimblet  for  the  wine  cellar  which  cost  half-a- 
crown.  The  lords'  room  was  strewed  with  herbs  and  flowers, 
and  the  floor  of  the  dining  room  with  rushes.  The  table  linen 
was  washed  at  a  charge  of  Sd.  per  diem,  and  a  hair  rope  was 
bought  for  3s.  kd.  to  dry  it  on. 

"  These  bills  run  the  whole  cost  of  the  term  up  to  174£.  10s.  \cl. 
which  amount  is  certified  as  correct  by  the  signature  of  the 
Lord  Keeper  and  allowed  under  the  hand  of  Lord  Burghley. 
Then  follows  an  account  of  four  tuns  and  a  half  of  Gascony 
wine  laid  in  for  next  year  at  the  cost  of  102/.  3s.  This  account 
again  is  certified  and  allowed  by  the  Lord  Keeper  and  the 
Treasurer,  and  an  order  for  the  payment  of  the  sum  total, 
2761.  13s.  to  Nicholas  Smyth,  the  clerk  of  the  council,  is  sub- 
joined. He  had  already  been  allowed  200/.  on  account  or  by 
way  of  *  imprest,'  a  term  which  is  still  in  use  in  the  Treasury." 

The  text  of  this  curious  account  is  as  follows.  The  contrac- 
tions have  been  extended. 


Btett'  HETnor'  constlitr 
C'mt'o  Jgtilanj, 

1594. 

Thexpences  of  the  dyettes  provided  for  the  ....  *  Queenes  majes- 
ties most  honorable  privye  Counsell  at  her  Graces  Star- 
chamber  during  this  Hillary  e  Terme  in  the  yeare  of  the 
raigne  of  our  soveraigne  Ladye  Queene  Elizabeth  the  xxxvijth 
1594. 

Die  Veneris  xxiiijto.     IMPRIMIS  :  in  Bread  xxviij  s.  vj  d.,  in  Beere, 
die  Januar.  1594.    vij  s.  vj  d.,  in  Ale  v  s.,  in  Flower  vj  s.  .       xlvij  s. 

Presentibus.  item  in  Oysters  vj  s.,  in  sweet  Butter  ij  s., 

My  L.  of  Cant.  in   iij   old  Linges  xiiij  s.  vj  d.,  in  iiij  greene 

ffishes  viij  s.,  in  salte  white  Herringes  xx  d.,  in 
salt  Salmon  vij  s.  vj  d.  in  ij  Capons  v  s.  viiij  d.,  Sr.  Henr.  Barkell'. 

My  L.  Keep'.  in  great  Pykes  xv  s.,  in  ij  smaller  Pykes  iiij  s., 

in  Grey  fishe  ij  s.,  in  j  Joynt  of  Veale  ij  s.  iiij  d., 
in  half  alambe  iij  s.  viij  d.,  in  iij  great  Carpes  Sr.  Willm.  Courtney. 

My  L.  B.  of  London,  xs.,  in  v.  smaller  Carpes  to  bake  and  boyle 
viij  s.  iiij  d.,  in  iij  Hosting  Eeles  vij  s.  vj  d., 

Sr.  John  Fortescue.    in  iij  stocke  fishes  ij  s.,  in  iij  Chubbes  iiij  s., 
in  iiij  Tenches  viij  s.,  in  ix.  Perches  vij  s.,  in 

My  L.  Cheif  Justice    iij  Breames  xiiij  s.,  in  vij  Trowtes  vij  s.,  in 
ofEnglande.  iij  Partridges  vs.,  in  j  freshe  Salmon  and  a 

*  The  paper  is  stained  and  worn  here.     A  word  seems  missing  though  the 
sense  is  complete. 


72  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  9  [1871, 

Chyne  xxvij  s.,   in  iij  Cockes  iij  s.  vj  d.,  in 
iiij  salte  Eeles  vj  s.  viij  d.,  in  Flounders  vs., 

My  L.  Anderson.        in  xij  Larkes  xviij  d.,  in  C.  di.  of  Smeltes  vj  s., 
in  viij  Gurnardes  to  sowse  and  boyle  xvj  s.,  in 
Shrimpes  xvj  d.,  in  xij  Whitinges  xiiij  s.,  in  Mr.  Assheley. 
xiij  Knobberdes  ij  s.  vj  d.,  in  vj  Playce  vj  s., 

My  L.  Cheif  Baron,  in  Lampernes  ij  s.,  in  pounded  butter  xij  s.,  in 
herbes  iij  s.  iiij  d.,  in  Apples  for  Tartes 
ijs.  iiijd.  in  Creame  xxd.,  in  Eggs  vj  s.,  in  Mr.  Tasseborowe. 

Mr.  Atturney.  iiij  Lobsters  iiij  s.,  in  ij  Turbottes  xvj  s.,  in 

iiij  freshe  Coddes  vij  s.,  in  iij  Haddockes  iiij  s., 
in  Barberyes  xij  d.  in  Eosewater  xij  d.,  in  Doctor  Mountford. 
Orringes  and  Lemons  xviij  d.,  in  Quinces  vj  s. 
viij  d.,  in  portage  iij  s.,  in  boathire  iiij  s.,  in  all    xv  li.  x  s.  ij  d. 
Summa  xvij  li.  xvj  s.  ij  d. 

Die  Mercurii    xxix0.  Imprimis :  in  Bread  xxix  s. ,  in  Beer  vij  s.  vi  d., 
die  Januar.  1594.    in  Ale  vs.,  in  Flower  vj  s.         .  .  .     xlviij  s.  vj  d. 

Presentibus.  Item  in  xviij  stone  of  Beefe  at  xxj  d.  the 

stone  xxxj  s.  vj  d.,  in  vj  Neates  tounges  vij  s., 
in  viij  Joyntes  of  Veale  for  pyes  and  to  roste  Mr.  Wade. 

My  Lord  of  Cant.  xvij  s.  ij  d.,  in  viij  Joyntes  of  Mutton  to  boyle 
and  roste  xvj  s.,  in  x  pound  of  Suett  iiij  s., 
in  Bacon  iiij  s.,  in  Marrowbones  xx  d.,  in  ij  Mr.  Milles. 

My  Lord  Keep'.  Lambs  di.  xvj  s.  viij  d.,  in  iij  Turkeyes  xviij  s., 
in  yij  Capons  xviij  s.  viij  d.,  in  viij  Pullettes 
xiij  s.  iiij  d.,  in  ij  Pheazauntes  xvj  s.,  in  xij  Mr.  Chune. 

My  L.  Buckhurst.  Teales  viij  s.,  in  x  Woodcokes  xj  s.  viij  d.,  in 
ix  Partridges  xv  s.,  in  viij  Mallardes  xij  s., 

Sr.  John  Fortescue.    in  xxiiij  Siiytes  xij  s.,in  viij  Eabbetes  vs.  iiij  d.,  Mr.  Cromwell, 
in  Apples  for  Tarts  ij  s.  vj  d.,  in  xii  Plovers 

My  L.  B.  of  London,  viij  s.,  in  xxiij  Blackbirds  iiij  s.,  in  iij  doz. 
Stintes  vj  s.,  in  zeame  for  Fritters*  iiij  s.,  in  iij 

Mr.  Atturney.  doz.  of  Larkes  iiij  s.  vid.,  in  pounded  butter  Doctor  Vaughan. 

xij  s.  vj  d.,  in  Orringes  and  Lemons  ij  s.,  in 

Mr.  James  Crofte.      herbes  iij  s.  iiij  d.  in  Creame  xx  d.,  in  Eose- 
water xij  d.,  in  Eggs  vj  s.,  in  Barberyes  xij  d., 
in  portage  iij  s.,  in  boathire  iij  s.  iiij  d.,  in  all  xiiij  li.  xs.  viij  d. 
Summa  xvj  li.  xviiij  s.  ij  d. 

Die  Veneris  xxxj«.    Imprimis :  in  Bread  xxix  s.,  in  Beere  vij  s.  vj  d., 
die  Januar.  1594.    Ale  vs.,  in  Flower  vj  s.  .  .  .      xlvij  s.  vj  d. 

Presentibus.  Item  in  Oysters  y  s.,  sweet  Butter  ij  s.,  in 

MV  T  «f  r    f  ^..k^6?.*^  s"  VJ  d-> in  iiij  greene  Fishes  Mr.  of  the  Bowles. 

My  L.  of  Cant.  Vnj  s.,  in  113  Sydes  of  Salt  Salmon  vij  s.  vj  d., 

in  vj  Playce  vj  s.,  in  iij  Stockefishes  ij  s.,  in 
one  Joynte  of  Veale  ij  s.  iiij  d.,  in  v  salt  Eeles  Sr.  Tho.  Weste. 

My  L.  Keep'.  V]  s.  vnj  d.,  in  di.  Lambe  iij  s.  viij  d.,  in  Her- 

rings xxd.,  in  iij  great  Pykes  xvs.,  in  ij 

My  L.  B.  of  London,  smaller  Pykes  iiij  s.,  in  iij  great  Carpes  xs.,  Mr  Wade    • 
in  i]  Capons  vs.,  in  v  smaller  Carpes  to  boyle 
and  bake  iij  s.,  in  iiij  Tenches  viij  s.,  in  irj 

My  L.  Buckhurst.  Partridges  vs.,  in  iij  Breames  xij  s.,  in  ix 
Perches  vij  s.,  in  iiij  greate  Eeles  vj  s.,  in 
Lampernes  ij  s.,  in  iij  Cockes  iij  s.  vj  d.,  in  xii  Mr  Mvlles 

Sr.  Tho.  Hennadge.    Knobberdes  ij  s.  vj  d.,  in  xviij  Flounders  vi  s 

in  xiJ  Larkes  xx  d.,  in  vij  Trowtes  vij  s.,  in  C 

*  Probably  lard  for  frying.     See  Halliwell,  Glossary,  under  Seame. 


Jan.  19.] 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES. 


73 


Sr.  John  Fortescue.    di.  of  Smeltes  vj  s.,  in  j  freshe  Salmon  and  a 

Chine  xxvij  s.,  in  vij  Gurnerdes  xiiij  s.,  in  xij  Mr.  Vaughan. 

Whitinges  xvj  s.,  in  iij  freshe  Coddes  ixs.,  in 
Sr.  John  Woolley.      xij   Scallops  iiij  s.,  in  Creyfishe  ij  s.  vj  d.,  in 

ij    Turbottes  xv  s.,   in    Shrimpes    xvj  d.,    in  Mr.  Topcliffe. 
My  L.  Cheif  Justice    pounded  Butter  xij  s.  ij  d.,  in  Creame  ij  .s,  in 
of  England.  •          Apples  for  Tarts  xx  d.,  in  Quinces  vj  s.  viij  d., 

in  Egges  vj  s.,  in  herbes  iij  s.  iiij  d.,  in  Orringes 
My  L.  cheif  Baron.    and  Lemons  xviij  d.,  in  Barberyes  xij  d.,  in 


Rosewater  xij  d.,  in  portage  iij  s.  iiij  d.,  in 


boathire  iiij  s.,  in  all 


Summa  xvij  li.  vij  s. 


.  xiiij  li.xixs.  vjd. 


Die  Mercurii  quinto  Imprimis  :  in  Bread  xxxs., in  Beere  vij  s.  vj  d., 
die  Febr.  1594.       in  Ale  v  s.,  in  Flower  vj  s.  .     xlviij  s.  vj  d. 

Presentibus.  Item  in  xviij  stone  of  Beeffe  at  xx  d.  the 

stone  xxx  s.,  in  vij  Neates  tounges  viij  s.  ij  d., 
My  L.  of  Cant.  in  viij  Joyntes  of  Veale  for  pyes  and  to  roste  Mr.  Atturney. 

xvij  s.  iiij  d.,  in  viij  Joyntes  of  Mutton  to 
My  L.  Keep'.         ^  boyle  and  roste  xvj  s.,  in  xiilb.  of  Suett  iiij  s., 

in  zeame  for  Fritters  iiij  s.,  in  Bacon  iiij  s.,  in 
My  L.  Buckhurst.      Marrowebones-  ij  s.,  in  vij  Capons  xviij  s.  viij  d.,  Sr>  Edw>  Hobbye. 

in  ix  Pullettes  xvs.,  in  iij  Turkyes  xvs.,  in  j 
My  L  B  of  London.  Phezaunt  viij  s.,  in  ix  Woodcockes  x  s.,  vj  d. 

in  x  Partridges  xvj  s.  vii]  d.,  in  viij  Mallardes  Mr.  Mylles. 
My  L.  Stafford.          x  s.  viij  d.,  in  Habberdyne  xij  d.,  in  xij  Teales 

viij  s.,  in  xii  Plovers  vj  s.,  in  xxiiij  Snytes 
Sr.  Tho.  Hennage.      viij  s.,  in  viij  Rabbetes  vs.  iiij  d.,  in  ij  Lambes  Mr.  Assheley. 

di.   xvj  s.,  viij  d.   in   iiij    Curlewes  xij  s.,  in 

Stockfishe  x  d.,  in  iiij  doz.  Larkes  vj  s.  viiij  d.,  • 
Sr.  John  Fortescue.   in  pounded  butter  xij  s.,  iiij  d.  in  Egges  viij  s.,  Doctor  Vaughan. 

in  herbes  iij  s.  iiij  d.,  in  Apples  for    Tartes- 
Sr.  Tho.  Weste.          ij  s-  VJ  ^.,  in  Creame  ij  s.,  in  Barberyes  xij  d., 

in  Rosewater  xij  d.,  in  Orringes  and  Lemons 
Justice  Shuttleworth.ij  s.,  in  portage  iij  s.,  in  boathire  iij  s.  vj.d., 

in  all     .  .  .  .  .  xiiij  li.  iij  s.  ij  d. 

Summa  xvj  li.  xj  s.  viiij  d. 

Die  Veneris  vij°.  die     Imprimis  :  Bread  xxix  s.,  in  Beere  vij  s.  vj  d., 
Februar.  1594.        in  Ale  vs.,  in  fflower  vj  s.  .  .       xlvij  s.  vj  d. 


Presentibus. 
My  L.  of  Cant. 

My  L.  Keep'. 

My  L.  Buckhurste. 
Sr.  Tho.  Hennage. 
Sr.  John  Fortescue. 

Sr.  John  Woolley. 

My  L.  Chief  Justice, 
of  England. 


Item  in  Oysters  iiij  s.,  in  sweete  Butter  ij  s., 
in  iij  olde  Lynges  xiiij  s.  vj  d.,  in  iiij  greene 
fishes    viij  s.,    in    iij    sydes    of    salt    Salmon  Sr.  Tho.  Leaton. 
vij  s.  vj  d.,  in  iij    Stocke  fishes  ij  s.,  in  one 
Joynte  Veale  ij  s.  iiij  d.,  in  iij  Playce  iiij  s.  vj  d., 
in  iij  great  Pykes  xv  s.,  in  Habberdyne  x  d.,  Mr.  Assheley. 
in  ij   smaller  Pykes  iiij  s.,  in  halfe  a  lamb 
iij  s.  '  viij  d.,  in  iij  great  Carpes  xij  s.,  in  v 
smaller  Carpes  to  bake  and  boyle  viij  s.  iiij  d.,  Mr.  Mylles. 
in  ij  Capons  vs.,  in  iiij  salt  Eeles  vj  s.,  in  iij 
Partridges  v  s.,  in  iiij   Tenches  viij  s.,  in  iiij 
Breames  xv  s.,  in  iij   Cockes  iij  s.  vj  d.,  in  ix 
Perches  viij  s.,  in  xviij  Flounders  vj  s.,  in  iij  Mr.  Cromwell, 
great  Eeles  vij  s.   vj  d.,    in  xij    Knobberdes 
ij  s.  vj  d.,  in  salt  Herringes  xxd.,  in  C  di.  of 
Smeltes  vj  s.,  in  j  fresh  Salmon  and  a  Chyne 
xxv  s.,  in  vj  Gurnerdes  xv  s.,  in  vij  Trowtes 
vij  s.,  in  xij  Whitinges  xvj  s.,  in  xij  Larkes  Doctor  Mountford. 


74 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 


xx  d.,  in  Lampernes  ij  s.,  in  ij  Limpets  viij  s., 
Anderson        in  Creyfishe    ij  s.    iiij  d.,  in  Shrimpes  xvj  d., 
.  Ander  ^     3^^  ^  g  ?  in  pounded  Butter  xnj  s., 

Mr  of  the  Rowles  in  Creame  ij  s.,  in  Apples  for  Tartes  xviij  d.,  Mr.  Topliffe. 
in  Quinces  vj  s.  viij  d.,  in  Egges  viij  s.,  in 
Herbes  iij  s.  iiij  d.,in  Orringes  and  Lemons  ij  s., 
in  Barberyes  xij  d.,  in  Kosewater  xij  d.,  in 
portage  iij  s.  iiij  d.,  in  Boathire  ill]  s.  11113  d., 
in  all  .  •  •  xvh.xv3d. 

Summa  xvij  li.  viij  s.  xd. 

IMS  Jovis  xiij°  die    Imprimis:  in  Bread  xxxjs.,  in  Beerevijs.  vjd., 
Februar,i594         in  Ale  v  s.,  in  Flower  vj  s.         .  .       xhxs.vjd. 

Presentibus.  Item  in  xxij  stone  of  Beeffe  at  xxij  d.  the 

My  L  of  Cant  stone,  xl  s.  iiij  d.,  in  vij  Neates  Tounges  My-  L.  chief  Baron., 

viij  s.  ij  d.,  in  Marrowe  bones  xxd.,  in  vii] 
My  L.  Keep'.  Joyntes  of  Veale  for  pyes  and  to  roste  justice  Walmesly. 

xvij  s.  iiij  d.,  in  viij  Joyntes  of  Mutton  to 
The  Earl  of  Essex,  boyle  and  roste  xvj  s.,  in  xij  Ib.  of  Sewette  justice  Owen. 

iiij  s.,  in  ij  Lambes  di.  xvj  s.  viij  d.,  in  yn 
My  L.  Buckhurst.  Capons  xxj  s.,  in  ix  Pullettes  xv  s.,  in  iij  sr.  Tho.  Egerton. 

Turkeyes  xviij  s.,  in  x  Cockes  xj  s.  vii]  d.,  m 
My  L.  Burrowes.  xv  Partridges  to  boyle  and  roste  xxy  s.,  in  viij  Mr  Atturney. 

Mallardes  x  s.  viij  d.,  in  xxinj  Blackbirdes 
Sr.  Thos.  Hennage.  iiij  s.,  in  xij  Teales  vj  s.,  in  half  a  fresh  Salmon  Mf  Wade  « 

xij  s.,  xij  Plovers  viij  s.,  in  viij  Kabbettes 
Sr.JohnFortescue.  vs.  iiij  d.,  in  iij  Curlewes  ixs.,  in  Stockfishes  Mr  M  Ues 

x  d.,  in  xviij  Snytes  ix  s.,  in  iij  doz.  of  Larkes 
Sr.JohnWoolley  vs-»  in  j  Turbott  viij  s.,  in  Egges  viij  s.,  in  Mr.  Assheley.* 

Creame  ij  s.  iiij  d.,  in  Erbes  iij  s.  iiij  d.,  in 
My  L.  Cheif  Justice  pounded  Butter  xij  s.  iiij  d.,  in  Apples  ij  s.  vj  d., 
of  England.  in  Orringes  and  Lemons  ij  s.,  m  portage  Doctor  Vaughan. 

iij  s.  iij  d.,  in  Rosewater  xij  d.,  in  boathire 
My  L.Anderson.  iij  s.,  in  all  .....  XV  H.  XJ  S.  V]  d. 

Summa  xviij  li.  xij  s. 

Summa  totall  of  the  sixe  Dinners 
aforesaid  is          ...  ciiij  li.  ij  s.  xd. 

Hereafter  ensueth  all  manner  of  provisions  for  the  furniture  of 
the  dyettes  aforesaid  provided  in  the  iStarchauiber  for  the 
Queenes  majesties  most  honorable  privy  e  Counsell  during 
this  Hillary  Terme,  1594. 

Imprimis  for  v  loades  of  great  Coales  at  xxvj  s.  the  loade,  vj  Ib.  x  s. 
Item  for  xv  sackes  of  small  Coales  at  vij  d  the  sacke,  viij  s.  ix  d.  .  Item 
iiij  C.  &  di.  of  Faggottes  at  vij  s.  the  C.  xxxj  s.  vj  d.  Item  for  viij  yards  of 
diaper  for  a  table  cloath  at  v  s.  iiij  d.  the  yard,  xlij  s.  viij  d.  Item  for  mak- 
ing the  said  table  cloathe  and  for  threed,  ij  s.  Item  for  iij  busshelles  of 
Baye  salt  at  ij  s.  the  busshell,  vj  s.  Item  for  iiij  busshelle  of  Whyte  salt 
at  ij  s.  the  bush.,  viij  s.  Item  for  ij  sackes  to  putt  the  said  salt  in,  iij  s.  iiij  d. 
Item  for  viij  gallons  of  the  best  white  wyne  vineger  at  ij  s.  the  gall.,  xvj  a. 
Item  for  x  gallons  of  the  best  redd  wyne  vinegar  at  xxd.  the  gall.,  xvj  s. 
viij  d.  Item  for  viij  gall,  of  the  best  verges  f  at  x  d.  the  gall.,  vj  s.  viij  d. 

*  Anthony  Ashley,  and  Mr.  Wade,  otherwise  Waad,  were  Clerks  of  the 
Council  in  this  year.  (See  Cal.  State  Papers,  Domestic,  sub  anno,  passim.) 
They  appear  to  have  waited  on  alternate  days,  except  the  last  day  of  term,  when 
both  attended. 

f  Verjuice. 


Jan.   19.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  75 

Item  for  Rondelettes  to  putt  the  said  vineger  and  verges  in,  iij  s.  vj  d. 
Item  for  boathire  and  portage  for  the  said  vineger  and  verges  at  sundrye 
tymes,  ij  s.  iiij  d.  Item  for  portage  and  boathire  for  the  said  salt,  xx  d. 
Item  for  earthen  pottes,  sauce  pottes,  and  pannes  spent  in  the  kitchen  this 
terme,  viij  s.  iiij  d.  Item  for  fyne  Whyte  Salte  spent  at  the  Lords  table 
this  terme,  xij  d.  Item  for  Mustard  and  Onyons  spent  in  the  Kitchen  tifais 
Terme,  iiij  s.  iiij  d.  Item  for  ij  new  baskettes  for  the  markett  this  terme, 
iij  s.  Item  for  a  small  baskett  to  carrye  fruit  in  this  terme,  iij  s.  iiij  d. 
Item  for  another  close  baskett  to  carrye  and  recarrye  the  naperye  to  and 
from  the  Starchamber  this  terme,  iij  s.  Item  for  Waste  paper  spent  in 
the  pastrye  this  terme,  ij  s.  iiij  d.  Item  for  Broomes  spent  in  the  offices  of 
the  Starchamber  this  terme,  xxij  d.  Item  for  yeast  spent  in  the  kitchen 
this  term,  and  for  fetching  thereof,  iiij  s.  Item  for  carrying  out  of  the 
dust  and  soyle  of  the  Starchamber  kitchen  and  other  offices  there  this 
terme,  xvj  d.  Item  for  clensing  the  withdrawing  place,  ij  s.  vj  d.  Item 
for  perfumes  for  the  Lords  dyneing  Roome  this  terme,  vj  s.  Item  for  candles 
spent  in  the  kitchen  and  buttery  this  terme,  xvj  d.  Item  for  vij  gall,  of  the 
best  redd  wyne  to  fill  up  the  hoggesheads  of  wyne  at  ij  s.  iiij  d.  the  gall., 
xvj  s.  iiij  d.  Item  for  a  case  of  Oyster  knives,  iiij  s.  vj  d.  Item  for  sand 
and  whiting  to  scowre  withall  this  terme  xd.  Item  for  ij  whyte  brusshes, 
viij  d.  Item  foF  iiij  doz.  of  Russhes  to  strowe  the  Lords  dyneing  Roome  at 
iiij  s.  the  doz.,  xvj  s.  Item  for  gathering  together  and  keeping  the  vessell 
of  the  Starchamber  this  terme",  vj  s.  iiij  d.  Item  for  dressing  up  and 
keeping  cleane  of  the  Lords  dyneing  Roome  and  other  Roomes  above  this 
terme,  iij  s.  iiij  d.  Item  for  salt  butter  fetched  from  the  chandlers  this 
terme,  as  well  for  the  Raunge  and  pastrye  as  otherwyse,  xij  s.  iiij  d.  Item 
for  vij  elles  of  corse  canvas  for  wypers  and  bagges  against  this  terme,  vij  s. 
Item  for  making  of  the  said  wypers  and  bagges,  and  for  threed,  iiij  d.  Item 
to  the  Plommer  for  mending  the  pypes,  ij  s.  iiij  d.  Item  for  a  hearen 
rope  to  drye  the  wett  naperye  upon  this  terme,  iij  s.  iiij  d.  Item  for  carrye- 
ing  and  recarryeing  the  Starchamber  plate,  iij  s.  Item  to  Jolrn  Gill  for 
carryeing  it  to  and  from  the  Starchamber,  and  for  his  well  looking  to  it, 
v  s.  Item  for  ij  Cheeses  bought  for  the  Lords  table  this  terme, 
viij  s.  iiij  d.  Item  for  ij  newe  streyners  bought  for  this  terme,  xij  d. 
Item  for  lard  to  lard  the  Lords  meat  this  term,  vj  s.  iiij  d.  Item  for  the 
newe  glassing,  a  mending,  and  leding  the  windowes  against  this  terme, 
xij  s.  viij  d.  Item  for  a  case  of  knives  for  the  Lords  Bord  this  terme,  viij  s. 
Item  to  Mr.  Flint  her  majesties  Locksmythe  for  translating,  making, 
and  a  mending  divers  locks  and  keys  in  and  about  the  Starchamber  in  and 
against  this  Terme,  ix  s.  viij  d.  Item  for  xxj  gallons  of  the  best  sacke  at 
iij  s.  iiij  d.  the  gallon,  Ixx  s.  Item  for  xxx  gallons  and  a  quarte  of  the  best 
whyte  wyne  at  ij  s.  the  gall.,  Ix  s.  vj  d.  Item  for  xij  galls,  and  a  quarte  of 
the  beste  Muskadyne  at  iij  s.  iiij  d.  the  gallon,  xl  s.  xd.  Item  for  vj  gallons 
Renishe  wyne  at  iij  s.  iiij  d.  the  gallon,  xx  s.  Item  for  ffawcettes  and  quilles 
for  the  Wyne  Sellor  this  terme,  xviij  d.  Item  for  a  newe  gimblett,  ij  s.  vj  d. 
Item  for  bottles  to  bring  the  Lords  \vyne  in  this  terme,  xiij  s.  iiij  d.  Item 
to  the  cowper  for  his  wages,  v  s.  Item  for  his  boathire,  iiij  s.  Item  for 
packthred  this  terme,  viij  d.  Item  for  strawing  herbes  and  flowers  for  the 
Lords  Roomeths  [sic]  this  terme,  vj  s.  Item  payed  to  the  Grocer  for  all 
manner  of  spyces  spent  in  and  about  the  Lords  dyette,  six  dynners  this 
terme,  as  appeereth  by  a  bill  reman',  xj  li.  ix  s.  viij  d.  Item  for  a  hogges- 
head  of  stronge  beere  spent  more  than  ordinarye  this  terme,  xij  s.  Item 
for  j  kilderkyn  of  ale  spent  more  then  ordinary  this  terme,  iv  s.  Item  for 
j  hh.  of  small  bere  spent  more  then  ordinary  this  terme,  vij  s.  vj  d.  Item 
in  Wages,  viz.,  To  Stephen  Treakle,  master  cooke,  for  his  wages  for  vj 
dayes  at  iiij  s.  the  daye,  xxiiij  s.  Item  to  him  for  lending  his  stuffe  this 
term  after  vjs.  the  daye  forvj  dayes,  xxxvjs.  Item  to  him  for  the  boathire 
of  himself,  his  men,  stuffe  and  necessaryes  this  terme,  iiij  s.  viij  d.  Item 
to  him  for  his  paynes  and  travell  in  going  to  the  markett,  and  in  Reward, 
xxx  s.  Item  to  Edw.  Tomlyns,  the  Butler,  for  his  wages  for  vj  dayes,  after 
xij  d.  the  daye,  vj  s.  Item  to  him  for  whyte  cuppes  and  trenchers  the  same 


7(5  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

dinners  at  xij  d.  the  dinner,  vj  s.  Item  to  him  for  drinking  glasses-this 
terme  for  the  Lords,  v  s.  Item  to  him  for  Rosewater  f or  the  table,  at  xii ,  d. 
the  dyner,  vj  s.  Item  for  vj  Tapistrye  Cusshions,  and  for  filling  and  make- 
ing  them  up  against  this  Terme,  v  li.  iij  s.  iiij  d.  Item  tor  Fawcetts  and 
quills  for  beer?  and  ale  this  terme,  viij  d.  Item  to  Thomas  Gibson  the 
under  butter,  for  keeping  cleane  and  sweete  the  pantrye  and  Seller  this 
terme,  ii  s.  vj  d.  Item  to  him  for  a  Chipping  kmfte,  xij  d.  Item  to  him  , 
for  bottles  this  terme,  ij  s.  Item  to  him  for  Glasemg  the  case  knives  this 
terme  vj  d  Item  to  the  Laundresse  for  washing  the  naperye  vj  dayes  this 
terme' at  viij  s.  the  day,  xlviij  s.  Item  to  the  keeper  of  the  drye  larder  for 
his  wages  for  vj  dayes  for  serving  out  of  Spices,  Butter,  Eggs,  Fruite,  and 
other  new  storyes  this  terme,  at  xij  d.  the  daye,  vj  s.  Item  to  W  illyamson 
for  serving  out  the  wyne  this  terme,  after  xij  d.  the  daye  for  v]  days,  vj's. 
Item  to  the  Scowrer  of  the  Starchamber  vessel  for  her  wages  this  Terme, 
viri  s  Item  to  Thomas  Tucker,  the  porter,  for  attending  the  doores  vj. 
dayes,  after  xij  d.  the  day,  vj  s.  Item  to  him  for  goeing  to  the  markett  . 
this  terme,  having  iiij  d.  every  day  for  vj  days,  ijs.  Item  to  vij  poore  men 
labouring  in  the  kitchen  haveing  vj  d.  a  day  a  peece  for  vj  dayes,  xxj  s. 
Item  to  Nicholas  Smythe  for  exercising  the  stewards208  office,  and  for  his 
paynes  and  travell  in  going208  to  the  market,  xl  s.  Item  to  William 
Godderd,  Ussher  of  the  Starchamber  for  divers  provisions  and  neces- 
saryes  by  him  provided  and  done  for  the  Cort  of  Starchamber  as 
appereth  by  his  bill  Rendered,  cxvj  s.  .  .  Ixx  li.  vij  s.  iij  d. 

The  wholl  charges  as  well  of  the  dyette  and  provitions  necessary 
for  the  furniture  of  the  same  provided  for  the  Queenes  majesties  most  honor- 
able privye  counsell  at  her  Graces  Starchamber  at  Westminster  during  this 
Hillarye  terme  the  xxxvijth  yeare  of  her  Highnes  most  prosperous  raigne. 
As  also  the  wages  of  certeine  Officers  and  ministers  of  the  same  with  cxvj  s. 
layed  out  by  the  Ussher  of  the  said  Corte  as  appeareth  by  his  bill  Rem'. 
is  .  .  .  .  •  .  .  clxxiiij  li.  xs.  j  d. 

Probatur  summa  per 

me  Johannem  Thomson-, 

Auditorem. 
Jo:  PUCKERING,  C.  S.  W.  BURGHLEY. 


The  Provitions  of  iiij  Tonnes  and  di.  of  Gascoigne  wyne  and  the 
charges  of  the  same,  whiche  wyne  is  layed  into  the  Star- 
chamber  Seller  for  the  Service  of  the  Lords  and  others  of  her 
majesties  most  honorable  counsell  for  the  xxxvijth  yeare  of 
her  Highnes  most  happy  raigne  1595. 

Imprimis  payed  to  John  Swynerton  the  yonger  Marchaunt  the  xxjth  of 
Marche,  1594,  for  iiij  Tonnes  and  an  half  of  Gascoigne  Wyne  after  the 
Rate  of  xxij  li.  x  s.  the  Tonne,  wherof  deducted  vij  li.  x  s.  for  the  new 
Impost,  iiij  xx.  xiij  Ib.  xv  s.  Item  for  the  carriage  of  the  said  Wyne  from 
London  to  the  Starchamber  Seller,  xij  s.  Item  to  the  porters  for  loading 
and  unloading  and  cowching  of  the  said  wyne  into  the  Seller,  xij  s.  Item 
to  the  cowpers  for  their  helpe  in  tasting  and  choosing  of  the  same  wynes, 
and  in  looking  to  them,  xiij  s.  iiij  d.  Item  for  the  Stewards  boathire  to 
and  from  Westminster  at  sundrye  tymes  goeing  about  the  same  wynes, 
vj  s.  iiij  d.  Item  to  the  cowpers  for  vj  c  and  xij  hoopes  and  chynes  sett  on 
the  hoggesheades  of  the  said  wynes  Ij  s.  Item  for  his  boathire  iiij  s.  iiij  d 
Item  for  the  cowpers  dinners  at  Westminster  at  the  hooping  of  the  said 
Wynes  viij  s.  Item  for  iij  ells  of  corse  canvas  to  stop  the  Bungholes  iij  s 
Item  for  xxviij  gallons  of  wyne  bought  to  fill  up  the  hoggesheades  that 
did  leake  by  the  way  Ivj  s.  Item  for  ij  loads  of  gravell  ij  s.  .  cij  li.  iij  s. 

Jo:  PUCKERING,  C.  S.  W.  BURGHLEY. 


Jan.  19.]                 SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  77 

Mr.  Stoneley,  I  pray  you  to  pay  to  Mr,  Nicholas  Smyth*  in  full  payment  sol.  p'.  Stor 

of  the  some  of  two  hundred  threescore  sixteen  pounds  and  thirteen  shillings  ley  et  allo< 

for  the  diets  of  this  Cc.  and  others  in  the  Starre  Chamber  in  Hillary  MichSTSS 

terme  laste,  and  for  provision  of  iiij  tunnes  of  Gascoigne  Wynes  for  this  ccli<   et  te, 

next  year  as  apeareth,  the  sume  of  threescore  sixteen  pounds  thirteen  mino  Pusch 

P'prius      st 

V.N: 


Ther  was  200  li.  imprested  this  Hillary  terme  towards  these  and  other 
charges. 

Indorsed:  Nich'o  Smyth  pro  dietis  in  Camera 
Stellat'  termino  Scti  Hillarij  1594. 
cclxxvj  li.  xiij  s. 

HODDER  M.  WESTROPP,  Esq.,  communicated  a  paper  on  the 
Pre-Christian  Cross. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communications. 


Thursday,  January  26th,  1871. 

0.  S.  PERCEVAL,  Esq.,  LL.D.,  Director,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Th,anks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  the  Editor,  Mrs.  M.  A.  Everett  Green: — 

Calendar  of  State  Papers,  domestic  series,  of  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  1601 — 
1603;  with  Addenda  1547—1565;  preserved  in  Her  Majesty's  Public 
Record  Office.  8vo.  London,  1870. 

From  Her  Majesty's  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Home  Department: — Proclama- 
tions by  The  Queen  as  follows  :  — 

1.  To  publish  and  declare  that  the  Parliament  be  further  prorogued  to 
Thursday,  the  ninth  of  February  next. 

2.  To  ordain,  declare,  and  command,  that  the  sovereigns,  having  for  the 
reverse  the  image  of  St.  George  armed,  shall  pass  and  be  received  as  current 
and  lawful  money. 

3.  For  giving  Currency  to  Gold  Coins  made  at  the  Branch  Mint  at  Sydney, 
New  South  Wales,  of  the  like  Designs  as  those  approved  for  the  correspond- 
ing Coins  of  the  Currency  of  the  United  Kingdom. 

All  given  at  Osborne  House,  Isle  of  Wight,  14th  January  1871,  in  34th  year 

of  reign.     Broadsheet  folio  (2  copies). 
From  the  Royal  Institute  of  British  Architects : — 

Sessional  Papers  1870—71.     No.  4.     4to.     London,  1871. 
From   the  Editor,   S.  Tymms,  Esq.,  F.S.A. :— The  East  Anglian;    Notes  and 

Queries.     Vol.  IV.     No.  119.     8vo.     Lowestoft,  1871. 
From  the  Royal  Society  : — 

Proceedings.     Vol.  XIX.     No.  124.     8vo.     London,  1870. 

*  This  Nicholas  Smyth,  a  month  afterwards,  was  made  Receiver  General  for 
Middlesex,  &c.'    Cal.  State  Papers,  Dom.  Eliz.  Vol.  CCL.  1,  1595,  Feb.  14. 
f  An  officer  of  the  receipt  of  Exchequer.     See  Rymer,  xvi.,  497. 


78  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

From  the  Anthropological  Society  of  London  :— 

Journal  of  Anthropology.    Vol.  I.     No.  3.    January.     8vo.     London,  1871. 

^  JouA±1C  ItfeH^l'/XXXIX.    No.  164    8vo.    Calcntta,  1870. 
2.  Proceedings.    No.  X.     November.     8vo.     Calcutta,  1870. 

From  Sir  John  Lubbock,  Bart.,  M.P.,  F.S.A.  :— 

Reliques  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  Churches  of  St.  Bridget  and  St.  Hildeburga, 
West  Kirkby,  Cheshire.  Illustrated  by  Henry  Ecroyd  Smith.  4to.  Liver- 
pool, 1870. 

The  Kev.  HENRY  OLLARD,  F.S.A.,  presented  two  matrices  of 
Seals,  one  (in  bronze)  of  Ottocar,  King  of  Bohemia,  the  other 
(in  silver)  a  subject  with  SS.  James  and  Katherine.* 

Mr.  JAMES  COLEMAN  exhibited  an  original  document  .on 
paper,  being  an  instrument  under  the  marks  of  seven  North 
American  Indian  Chiefs  named  Kanockere,  Alom,  Eliggene, 
Nogcotto,  Torvis,  Wippaycam,  and  Winappenege,  dated  July 
10,  1680,  whereby  the  chiefs  are  declared  to  have  alienated, 
bargained,  and  sold  for  themselves  and  their  heirs  "  unto  Mr. 
John  Moll,  off  Newcastle  upon  Delaware  River,  in  the  Behalffe 
of  all  the  Inhabitans  Dwellinge  att  Casr  and  Broott  Hand  and 
Creeke  and  Witte  Clay  Creeck  quite  unto  the  falls  thare  off 
which  are  all  reddi  Seazed  and  shall  gedder  here  after  upon 
any  off  the  said  Lands  above  Christina  Creeck  as  far  as  the 
Presinqs  off  Mary  Land,  ye  Land  called  Musse  Cripper  tharein 
included  ....  for  a  Valuable  consideration  in  voll  Satis- 
faction payd  unto  us."  The  deed  is  said  to  be  "  geven  unther 
Ower  [that  is  the  chiefs']  Custumary  Marcks  &c." 

The  marks  are  rather  curious.  They  are  not  mere  crosses, 
but  look  like  attempts  at  reproducing  with  pen  and  ink  the 
totem  of  each  chief.  This  document  bears  the  following  endorse- 
ments. 

1.  "  Seven  Indians  ther  bill  of  Seale  for  all  ye  Land  by  on  & 
above  Christina  Kreeke  July  ye  10th,  1680." 

2.  Moll  assigned  his  bargain  to  William  Penn  by  the  following 
memorandum : — 

I  JNO  MOLL  doe  asseinge  all  my  Reight  title  and  Interest  in  the  Within  men- 
tioned Portith  unto  the  Reight  Honorad:  William  Penn  Esqr.  Propri.or  and 
Gouvr.  of  Pensilvania  New  Castle  &c.  my  own  plantation  off  two  hundered  and 
od  Akers  of  Land  in  Witt  Clay  Creeke  only  excepted.  New  Castle  ye  21st  day 
of  ye  12  m:  1682.  JNO.  MOLL. 

3.  Penn  has  docketed  the  instrument  thus  : — 

Jo.  MOLLS 

Indian  Pur- 

chass  to  me 

10  Julv  1680.     W.  P. 


*  See  Proceedings,  2  S.  iv.  431. 


Jan.  26.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  79 

The  remaining  endorsements  only  relate  to  the  production  of 
the  document  as  an  exhibit  to  a  witness  (one  Patrick  Baird)  in  a 
cause  pending  in  1740  between  John,  Thomas,  and  Richard 
Penn,  plaintiffs,  and  Charles  Calvert,  Esq.,  Lord  Baltimore  in 
the  Kingdom  of  Ireland,  defendant,  in  the  Court  of  Chancery 
at  Philadelphia. 

J.  J.  HOWARD,  Esq.,  LL.D.,  exhibited,  by  permission  of  the 
Mayor  and  Corporation  of  Coventry,  two  original  documents  : — 

1.  Letters  of  deputation  under  the  hand  and  seal  of  William 
Lord  Compton  constituting  the  Mayor  of  Coventry  and  others 
his  deputies  in   the    Lieutenancy  of  the   City  and  County  of 
Coventry. 

2.  Similar  letters  by  the  same  after  his  creation  as  Earl  of 
Northampton  in  1618. 

The  seals  to  both  instruments  are  armorial,  bearing  Compton 
with  eleven  quarterings ;  the  second  differing  from  the  first  only 
by  the  addition  of  an  earl's  coronet. 

The  arrangement  of  the  quarterings  on  these  two  seals  is  very 
anomalous.  The  twelve  coats  are  arranged  in  three  rowTs,  as  if 
marshalled  in  the  usual  manner  from  1  to  12,  but  on  examina- 
tion it  appears  that  the  first  two  rows  are  as  it  were  two  grand 
quarters  (each  quarterly  of  four)  placed  side  by  side  ;  the 
dexter  grand  quarter,  comprising  coats  1,  2,  5,.  6,  being  as 
follows : — 

1.  Sable,  a  lion  of  England  between  three  esquire's  helmets 
argent.     Compton,    with   an   augmentation    granted   1512    by 
King  Henry  VIII. 

2.  A  fess  engrailed  between  six  billets.     Ayl worth.* 

5.  On  a  chevron  three  estoiles.     Compton,  ancient. 

6.  A  chevron  within  a  bordure,  entoyre  of  roundels. 

Now  these  four  coats  thus  marshalled  appear  in  a  window  in 
Baliol  College  Chapel,*  both  on  the  tabard  of  the  kneeling  figure 
representing  Sir  William  Compton  (great-grandfather  of  the 
first  Earl  of  Northampton,  with  whose  seal  we  are  dealing),  and 
on  an  escucheon  placed  in  front  of  him. 

The  second  coat  is  for  the  match  of  Sir  William's  father  with 
Joan,  daughter  and  heir  of  Walter  Ayl  worth,  Esq.  As  to 
number  5  (third  on  Sir  William's  tabard  and  escucheon),  see 
Mr.  Shirley's  remarks  in  Archseologia,  xliii.  62. 

The  sinister  "  grand  quarter,"  embracing  the  quarterings 
3,  4,  7,  and  8,  comprised  the  following  coats : — 

3.  [Argent],    two   bars     [sable],   a   crescent   for   difference. 
Brer  e  ton. 

*  Dugd.  Warw.  ii.  550. 


80  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

4.  [Gules],  a  chevron  between  10  cross-crosslets  within  a 
bordure  [argent J.  Berkeley  of  Beverstone. 

7.  A  saltire  engrailed. 

8  as  3. 

These  four  coats  again,  similarly  marshalled,  are  to  be  found 
in  the  same  window  both  on  the  mantle*  of  Dame  Werburga 
Compton,  who  is  kneeling  opposite  her  husband  Sir  William, 
and  on  the  escucheon  placed  side  by  side  with  his  own  between 
the  two  figures.  This  lady  was  a  daughter  of  Sir  John  Brereton 
by  Catherine,  daughter  and  heir  of  Maurice  Berkeley  of  Bever- 
stone. 

This  exhausts  the  first  eight  quarterings  on  the  two  first  rows. 
The  blazon  of  the  lowest  row,  the  remaining  four  coats,  fol- 
lows : — 

9.  [Gules],  a  lion  rampant  within  a  bordure  engrailed  [orj. 
Talbot  Earl  of  Shrewsbury. 

10.  [Or] ,  on  a  bend  [gules  cotised  azure]  between  six  mart- 
lets [of  the  second?],  three  wings  argent.     Walden. 

11.  Party  per  fess,  in  chief  three  birds,  in  base  a  crescent. 

12.  A  chevron  between  three  [leaves?] 

Peter  Compton,  grandfather  of  William  the  first  Earl,  mar- 
ried Anne  daughter  of  George  Talbot  Earl  of  Shrewsbury  by 
Elizabeth  daughter  and  coheir  of  Sir  Richard  Walden  of  Erith, 
Kent.  Anne  was  heir  to  her  mother,  but  not  to  her  father,  who 
had  male  issue  by  a  former  wife.  How  the  coats  to  which  such 
an  inheritrix  is  entitled  ought  to  be  marshalled  by  her  son  and 
his  posterity — and  in  particular  whether  or  no  such  son  has  a 
right  to  quarter  his  mother's  father's  coat  "  of  name  "  (in  the 
present  instance  "  Talbot")  immediately  before  the  arms  of  his 
mother's-mother's  family,  so  as  to  show,  as  it  were,  the  source 
through  which  he  became  entitled  to  them — is  a  point  which  has 
been  much  discussed  and  never  settled.  Lord  Northampton's 
practice  in  this  particular  is  at  ail  events  approved  by  the  au- 
thority of  the  MS.  in  the  College  of  Arms,  attributed  to  Glover, 
and  printed  in  Dallaway's  Enquiry,  &c.,  p.  370.  f 

The  two  last  coats  which  have  not  been  identified,  are,  no 
doubt,  Walden  quarterings. 

F.  W.  BURTON,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  an  axe-head,  formed 
of  a  compact  greenish  stone,  polished  at  the  two  ends,  but  left 
rough  in  the  middle,  where  the  hafting  would  be.  Length 

*  These  quarterings  belonging  to  the  lady's  own  family  should  properly  have 
been  depicted  on  her  kirtle,  and  not  on  her  mantle,  the  correct  place  for  her 
husband's  arms,  but  the  decay  of  heraldry  had  already  begun  when  the  window  in 
question  was  set  up. 

f  See  paragraph  5  in  the  footnote  to  p.  371  of  that  work. 


Jan.  26.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  81 

6  inches,  width  at  the  lunate  edge  3  inches,  greatest  thickness 
about  1  inch.     Found  at  Lough  Neagh,  co.  Tyrone. 

The  REV.  H.  M.  SCARTH,  M.A.  Local  Secretary  for  Somerset- 
shire, communicated  some  account  of  Ancient  Remains  recently 
found  on  the  site  of  the  Abbey  of  Keynsham,  Somersetshire. 

The  following  is  an  abstract  of  Mr.  Scarth's  paper : — 

The  Abbey  of  Keynsham,  scarcely  any  remains  of  which  now 
exist,  was  situated  midway  between  Bath  and  Bristol,  nearly 
six  miles  distant  from  each,  and  upon  the  south  bank  of  the 
river  Avon,  at  the  point  where  it  is  joined  by  the  river  Chew. 
The  abbey  stood  just  at  the  junction  of  the  two  rivers,  at  the 
opening  of  a  pleasant  valley,  and  looked  down  upon  the  rich 
meadow  lands  which  bordered  the  Avon  and  stretch  along  its 
course  between  Bath  and  Bristol.  All  that  now  remains  of  this 
once  nourishing  and  extensive  monastic  settlement  is  a  portion 
of  the  boundary  wall,  and  the  parish  church  which  formerly 
belonged  to  the  abbey. 

A  few  particulars  relating  to  the  history  of  the  abbey  will  be 
found  in  Collinson.*  According  to  this  authority  the  monastery 
was  founded  for  Austin  Canons  by  William  Earl  of  Gloucester 
(ob.  1173)  at  the  request  of  his  son  Robert,  who  predeceased 
his  father.  Both  are  stated  to  have  been  buried  in  the  abbey 
church,  which  stood  south-east  of  the  present  parish*  church. 

The  ground  on  which  the  abbey  stood  has  recently  been 
cleared  for  building  villas,  and  the  consequent  excavations  have 
brought  to  light  some  monumental  inscriptions  and  other  re- 
mains, of  which  some  account  follows. 

Unhappily  many  of  the  monumental  slabs  have  been  destroyed, 
though  the  remains  of  tabernacle  work  and  other  decorations 
have  been  preserved  by  the  builder  who  is  constructing  the  villas. 
The  Bath  Natural  History  and  Antiquarian  Field  Club,  how- 
ever, obtained  possession  of  two  of  the  best  monumental  slabs  for 
the  Bath  Literary  and  Scientific  Institution.  These  are  now 
placed  under  the  portico  of  the  Institution,  and  the  inscriptions 
on  these,  and  on  the  others  which  are  now  destroyed,  are  faith- 
fully recorded  in  the  proceedings  of  that  Society. f 

The  oldest  of  these  inscribed  stones  is  one  which  has  the  in- 
scription round  the  edge  in  Norman-French,  and  has  on  the 
surface  an  Early-English  cross,  ornamented  with  trefoils  at  the 
extremity  of  each  limb.  The  length  of  the  stone  is  7  feet 
4J  inches  ;  the  breadth  of  the  upper  part  2  feet  5  J  inches ;  the 

*  History  of  Somersetshire,  ii.  402. 

f  Sec  Proceedings  of  Bath  Nat.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  Field  Club  for  1869.  No.  1, 
page  78. 

VOL.  V.  G 


82  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

lower  1  foot  8  inches.     The  writing  is  that  of  the  twelfth  cen- 
tury, and  the  inscription  as  follows  : — 

+  ISAB6L  .  De  .  PeNDGLSFORD  .  GYST  .  ICI 

DGU  .  Dec  .  5fficrce  .  err  .  crceRCi .  SOOGN  . 

P3T6R  .  GT  .  SVe  . 

This  lady  was  probably  a  benefactress  to  the  abbey,  and  took 
her  name  from  a  place  now  called  Pens-ford,  but  at  the  date  of 
the  stone  written  Pendles-ford. 

The  next  slab  contains  on  the  surface  a  very  elaborate  cross 
of  a  much  later  date,  and  has  the  name  of  if)C  inscribed  in  the 
centre  of  the  upper  part,  which  is  trefoiled  and  cusped,  The 
inscription  runs  thus: — 

K£<   HIC  .   IACIT  .   WALTERUS  .   JOIE  .    (or   IOCE) 
CANONICVS  .  NVPER  .  CVSTOS  .  CAPELLE   SANCTE 
ANNE    IN   THE   WODE  . 
CVJVS   ANIME   PROPICIETVR   ALTISSIMVS   .    AMEN. 

The  style  of  the  cross  and  lettering  fix  the  date  of  this  in  the 
early  part  of  the  sixteenth  century. 

On  another  inscription  is  also  found  the  expression  "  Sancta 
Anna  in  Silva"  or  "  in  the  Wode,"  referring  to  a  chapel  which  was 
situated  at  Brislington,  and  belonged  to  the  abbey  of  Keynsham. 
A  description  of  this  chapel,  which  was  founded  by  one  of  the 
Lords  de  la  Warre,  will  be  found  in  Collinson.* 

Another  slab,  which  was  broken  in  several  pieces,  had  the 
following  couplet  upon  it,  together  with  the  date,  A.D,  1499,  in 
Arabic  numerals : — 

IN  MARSHFIELD  NATVS  GRANT  ABBAS  ECCE  JOHANNES, 
T  HIC  SVB  PVLVERE  PRES 

On  another  portion  of  the  slab  was  inscribed : 

OBIIT  IR   KALEND  MARCH  A.  DOMINI  MR-)]    (1499). 

The  discovery  of  this  stone  enables  us  to  correct  the  list  of 
abbats  of  this  house  as  given  by  Collinson.  f  Quoting,  appa- 
rently from  Browne  Willis  (Hist,  of  Mitred  Abbeys,  ii.  198),  he 
says  that  John  Graunt  was  elected  abbat  in  1493,  and  that  he 
died  in  1505.  In  fact,  his  confirmation,  which  must  immedi- 
ately have  succeeded  his  election,  took  place  on  June  1,  1487, { 
and  his  death,  as  we  see,  occurred  in  1499.  His  successor, 

*  History  of  Somersetshire,  ii.  412. 
t  Ibid.  ii.  402. 

f  Dug.  Mon.  correctly  citing  Wells  Registers.  See  Button's  Collections  from 
those  registers,  MS.  Harl.  6966,  fo.  72  a. 


Jan.  26.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  83 

omitted  by  Collinson,  was  Philip  Keynesham,  who  was  confirmed 
as  abbat  on  May  31  of  the  same  year.* 

Three  other  incised  slabs,  lying  side  by  side,  were  to  the 
memory  of  the  Deschell  family.  One  was  thus  inscribed  : 

IESV  MISERERE  ELEANOR  DESCHELL 
QVONDAM  CONSORTIS  JOHANNIS  DESCHELL 
CUJUS  CORPUS  HIC  REQUIESCIT  ANNO  DOM- 
INI .  MCCCCC  .  JESU  FILI  DEI  MISERERE 

MEI  .  AMEN. 

A  second  is  to  the  memory  of  IOHANNIS  DESCHELL,  the 
husband  of  Eleanor  ;  the  name  alone  of  this  was  legible.  A  third 
had  the  name  obliterated,  and  only  the  words 


HIC  REQUIESCIT  CORPUS 

CUJUS  ANIME  PROPITIETUR    .    .    . 

Another  slab  which  had  been  turned  with  its  face  downwards, 
had  the  following  inscription,  and  a  cross  and  scroll  in  the 
centre  : 

HIC  JACET  IOHN  SPALDYNG 

CUSTOS,  AC  FRATRIBUS  SEMPER  AMABILIS  ET  GRATUS,  ET  CUSTOS 
SANCTE  ANNE  I  SILVA.       CUJUS  ANIME  PROPITIETUR  .MAG  .  DEUS. 

The  scroll  contained  the  following  words : 

DOMINE  SECUNDUM  MISERICORDIAM 
TUAM  VOLO  ME  JUDICARL 

Other  fragmentary  inscriptions  were  scattered  about,  one  to  a 
man  and  his  wife,  having  two  floriated  crosses  in  it,  above  which 
was  a  shield  supported  by  an  angel,  with  the  name  of  IHS  in- 
scribed upon  it.  The  only  part  of  the  inscription  remaining  was 
the  following  words  : 

HIC  IACENT CATERINA  UXOR 

EJUS CUJUS  ANIMIS  PROPITIETUR  DEUS. 

Numerous  fragments  of  carved  stone  and  tabernacle  work, 
still  bearing  the  traces  of  colour,  were  dug  up,  and  these  have 
been  preserved  by  the  builder  to  whom  the  site  belongs.  One  of 
these  has  a  stone  book  with  four  lines  in  each  page,  being  pro- 
bably a  quotation  from  the  Vulgate.  The  date  of  these  fragments  is 
the  fifteenth  century.  There  is  also  a  finely  executed  small  figure 

v  Harl.  MSS.  6966,  fo.  83  a. 
G2 


g4  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

of  our  Lord  riding  into  Jerusalem  on  the  ass.  The  capital  of  an 
Early-English  column,  very  well  executed,  has  been  presented 
hy  Mr.  Cox  the  builder  to  the  Literary  and  Scientific  Institution, 
Bath,  where  two  of  the  inscribed  monumental  slabs  now  lie. 
Portions  of  Norman  work,  Early-English,  Decorated,  and  Perpen- 
dicular, have  also  been  found.  Several  of  the  monumental  slabs 
have  been  used  a  second  time.  Beneath  a  large  blue  Purbeck 
marble  slab,  on  the  surface  of  which  was  the  indentation  of  a 
fine  brass,  the  skull  and  bones  of  an  aged  man  were  found  four 
feet  below  the  surface  in  a  walled  grave. 

The  greater  part  of  these  slabs  and  fragments  were  obtained 
from  a  spot  which  appears  to  have  been  occupied  by  the  north 
aisle  of  the  abbey  church.* 

Mr.  Scarth's  communication  was  accompanied  by  a  large  plan 
of  the  buildings,  and  by  several  tracings  from  decorative  tiles 
found  within  the  abbey  precincts. 

Of  these,  some  exhibited  the  characteristic  patterns  of  the 
thirteenth  century.  Besides  the  very  common  device  of  a  cross 
flory  between  four  birds  placed  within  a  circle,  known  as  St. 
Edward  the  Confessor's  arms,  the  only  armorial  tiles  of  an  early 
date  were  the  two  following : — 

1.  A  fragment  with  a  shield  bearing  Argent,  ten  torteaux.     In 
the  lower  corner  or  spandril,  formed  by  the  curve  of  the  base  of 
the  shield,  was  placed  a  bishop's  mitre  drawn  in  profile,  not,  as  usual, 
front-faced.     This  coat  may  with  some  confidence  be  assigned 
to  Godfrey  Giffard  Bishop  of  Worcester,   1268-1302,    whose 
paternal  arms,  here  portrayed,  became  the  arms  of  his  see. 

2.  A  second  shield,  perhaps  somewhat  later  in  execution,  ex- 
hibited a  fess  between  six  billets — for  Beauchamp. 

A  shield  of  the  beginning  of  the  fifteenth  century  bears  the 
keys  and  sword  in  saltire  of  the  see  of  Wells ;  and  lastly  a  coat, 
evidently  by  its  composition  a  grant  of  the  beginning  of  the  reign 
of  Henry  VIII.,  but  which  it  has  not  been  possible  hitherto  to 
appropriate.  It  may  be  described  thus  :  Red,  on  a  chevron 
engrailed  between  3  (oak  leaves  ?)  yellow,  a  chief  red  guttee  yel- 
low [probably  meant  for  ermine] . 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communica- 
tions. 


*  Mr.  Scarth  refers  to  Addit.  MSS.  Brit.  Mus.  15554,  fo.  50,  for  a  transcript 
of  a  deed  dated  1495  relating  to  the  abbey,  and  Addit.  MSS.  13949  for  epitaphs 
in  the  church. 


Feb.  2.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  85 

Thursday,  February  2nd,  1871. 
EARL  STANHOPE,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  the  Author  : — Speculations  on  the  former  Topography  of  Liverpool  and 
its  Neighbourhood.  Part.  III.  A  Paper  read  before  the  Liverpool  Literary 
and  Philosophical  Society,  October  17th,  1870.  By  Joseph  Boult.  8vo. 
Liverpool,  1870. 

From  the  Author: — Notes  on  Starston  Church,  and  a  Mural  Painting  lately  dis- 
covered there.  By  E.  Makilwaine  Phipson,  F.S.A.  F.R.I.B.A.  8vo. 

From  the  British  Archaeological  Association : — The  Journal.  December  31, 1870. 
8vo.  London,  1870.  (Completing  vol.  xxvi.) 

From  the  London  Institution : — Their  Journal.   No.  2.  Vol.  i.   8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Author: — On  the  Personal  Names  and  Surnames  used  in  England  in 
the  Thirteenth  Century,  as  illustrated  by  the  Hartwell  Evidences.  By 
W.  H.  Black,  Esq.  F.S.A.  8vo.  London,  1870. 

Charles  Fox  Roe,  Esq.  was  admitted  a  Fellow. 

The  Very  Rev.  the  Dean  of  Westminster  exhibited  and  pre- 
sented a  plaster  cast  of  the  foot  of  the  Cross  on  the  tomb  of 
Valerius  Amandinus,  discovered  in  December  1869  in  the 
precincts  of  Westminster  Abbey.* 

DOYNE  C.  BELL,  Esq.  exhibited,  by  the  gracious  permission 
of  Her  Majesty  the  Queen,  a  gold  Armlet  with  spiral  ribs  in 
sharp  relief.  A  figure  of  this  object  with  a  descriptive  note  by 
A.  W.  Franks,  Esq.  V.P.  will  appear  in  the  Appendix  to  the 
Archgeologia,  vol.  xliii. 

It  was  ordered  that  the  Special  Thanks  of  the  Society  be 
conveyed  to-  Her  Majesty  as  an  acknowledgment  of  Her 
Gracious  kindness  in  sanctioning  this  Exhibition. 

JOHN  PIGGOT,  Jun.  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  two  Illuminated 
Manuscripts,  one .  of  which  in  particular  is  of  considerable 
interest.  They  w^ere  thus  described  by  the  Secretary  : — 

1.  A  manuscript  on  126  leaves  of  vellum,  measuring  7J  inches 
by  5J.  It  contains  hours  and  legends  of  Saints,  and  the 
illuminations  are  as  miscellaneous  as  the  text.  The  bulk  of  the 


*    See  Proceedings  2  S.  iv.  409  ;    Archaeological  Journal,  xxvii.  257,  and 
elsewhere  in  that  volume. 


86  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

volume  is  in  a  hand  which  may  be  assigned  to  the  period  1480 
to  1500,  but  a  portion  at  the  end  dates  from  1430 'to  1440; 
while  a  number  of  illuminated  letters  and  ornaments  have  been 
cut  out  of  a  book  of  the  end  of  the  thirteenth  century  and 
pasted  on  to  the  leaves  and  within  the  borders  and  on  the  mar- 
gins of  the  most  modern  work.  These  last  in  particular  are 
very  curious  in  conception,  and  of  considerable  beauty  in 
execution.  Early  on  in  the  volume  occur  some  figures  of  the 
signs  of  the  Zodiac,  which  have  evidently  belonged  to  the  calen- 
dar of  the  oldest  of  the  three  manuscripts.  To  judge  from  the 
names  of  the  local  saints  in  the  calendar  prefixed  to  the  volume, 
the  first  and  larger  portion  would  appear  to  have  been  written 
either  in  Hainault  or  Flanders.  Thus  we  find,  under  January. 30, 
St.  Aldegondis,  a  native  of  Hainault,  said  to  be  the  blood  royal 
of  France,  who  was  Abbess  of  Maubeuge,  in  Flanders  Her 
sister  St.  Waldetrudis  or  Yaudru  (April  9)  patroness  of  Mons, 
in  Hainault,  also  occurs.  The  saints  Amatus  (September 
13)  and  Mauront  (May  5)  both  belong  to  Douay ;  St.  Aubert 
(December  13)  to  Cambray.  The  relics  of  St.  Aycardus 
(September  15)  found  a  resting  place  at  Harpres,  a  monastery 
situated  between  Cambray  and  Valenciennes,  all  which  places 
are  in  Flanders.  St.  Kemaclus  (September  3)  was  Bishop  of 
Maestricht,  somewhat  further  north,  in  Limbourg.  St.  Piat 
(October  1)  was  the  Apostle  of  Tournay,  in  Hainault.  Mr.  J. 
C.  Robinson,  F.S.A.  informs  me  that  the  Duke  of  Aumale  has 
in  bis  possession  a  small  missal,  which  he  believes  must  have 
been  the  very  counterpart  of  this  oldest  manuscript,  filled  with 
subjects  treated  in  a  similar  grotesque  style.  It  may  be  useful 
to  mention  as  a  means  of  identifying  the  manuscript  at  any 
future  period  that  a  curious  mistake  occurs  on  the  leaf  facing 
an  illuminated  group  of  five  Saints,  viz. :  St.  Donis,  St.  George, 
St.  Christopher,  St.  Blase,  St.  Giles.  In  the  list  of  names  of 
the  Saints  here  represented  the  scribe  has  written  that  of  St. 
Penis  twice  over,  instead  of  substituting  that  of  St.  Giles,  of 
whose  identity  in  the  group  before  us  there  can  be  no  mistake, 
certified  as  it  is  by  the  adjunct  or  emblem  of  the  leaping  hind. 
The  same  emblem  will  be  found  connected  with  St.  Giles  in 
another  part  of  this  volume.  Some  of  the  subjects  in  the  larger 
illuminations  seem  to  be  obscure.  The  figure  of  St.  Quentin  on 
the  last  leaf  but  three  does  not  agree  with  the  ordinary  repre- 
sentations of  that  Saint,  as  he  here  holds  in  his  hands  those  nails 
which  ordinarily  are  figured  as  transfixing  his  shoulders.  The 
wheel  and  the  fetters  are  wanting." 

2.  "  A  manuscript  on  87  leaves  of  vellum,  5 J  inches  by 
4  inches.  It  contains  hours  and  prayers,  It  is  of  French  work 
of  the  first  quarter  of  the  fifteenth  century," 


Feb.  2.  j  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  87 

The  MAYOR  and  CORPORATION  of  BODMIN  exhibited,  by  the 
hand  of  the  Rev.  W.  lago,  the  two  following  objects  : — 

1.  A  Casket  or  coffer  about  1  foot  6  inches  by  1  foot  in  length 
and  width,  in  height  about  10  inches.     The  lid  sloped  off'  on  each 
side.      The    box  was  entirely  formed   of  thin  sheets  of  ivory, 
strengthened   by   gilt   metal  bands,   with  the  exception  of  the 
bottom,  which  was  of  light    wood.     The  exterior  surface  of  the 
ivory  was  ornamented  by  single  figures  of  birds  and  monsters 
painted  in  colour,  and  exhibiting  traces  of  gilding.     The   style 
of  the  drawing  of  these  objects  exhibited  marked  traces  of  an 
Oriental  influence,    which    was  also    apparent  in   the  diapered 
pattern  fully  coloured  in  red,  black,  and  yellow,  which  decorated 
the  bottom  of  the  casket. 

Few  of  these  ivory  coffers  have  survived  to  our  times ;  hence 
arises  a  difficulty  in  determining  the  place  of  their  manufacture. 

Although  they  strongly  recall  Sicilian  mediaeval  art,  it  seems 
more  probable  that  they  were  productions  of  the  Hispaiio- 
Moresque  school. 

There  are  three  coffers  of  similar  work,  though  much  smaller 
than  the  Bodmin  casket,  in  the  South  Kensington  Museum  (see 
overleaf),  and  of  these  it  is  understood  that  two  were  procured 
in  Spain. 

The  coffer  exhibited  this  evening  is  said  to  have  come  into  the 
possession  of  the  Bodmin  Corporation  from  the  dissolved  Priory 
of  St.  Mary  and  St.  Petroc.  There  is  a  small  woodcut  of  it  to 
be  found  at  page  231  of  the  History  of  the  Deanery  of  Trigg 
Minor,  by  Sir  John  Maclean,  F.  S.A.  to  whose  suggestion  it  was 
owing  that  the  Society  had  the  present  opportunity  of  inspecting 
this  curious  work  of  art.  Careful  drawings  have  been  taken 
with  the  view  to  publication. 

2.  A  cylindrical  Box  of  cuir  bouilli,  about  8  inches  in  dia- 
meter and  a  foot  high,  with  stamped  patterns,  dating  perhaps 
from  the  fifteenth  century,  fitted  with  a  cover  sliding  on  and  off, 
like  the  modern  pencil  case.     A  woodcut  of  this  interesting  box 
will  be   found  in  the  Journal  of  the  Archaeological   Institute, 
xxviii.  138. 

The  Rev.  J.  H.  BLUNT,  F. S.A.  "exhibited  a  collection  of  early 
Deeds,  mostly  with  fine  seals  attached,  and  relating  almost 
entirely  to  the  Cistercian  Abbey  of  Robertsbridge,  in  Sussex. 
Upon  these  documents  some  observations  were  made  by  C.  S. 
Perceval,  Esq.  Director,  which  will  appear  in  the  Arclu\3ologia. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communications. 


88  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

Thursday,  February  9th,  1871. 
AUGUSTUS  W.  FRANKS,  Esq.  Y.P.  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  the  Author  :— Description  of  the  Park  Cwm  Trannlns.  By  Sir  John  Lub- 
bock,  Bart.  M.P.  F.S.A.  [From  Journal  of  the  Ethnological  Society  of 
London.]  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Author  :— The  Personal  Expenses  of  Charles  II.  in  the  City  of  Wor- 
cester. By  Eichard  Woof,  Esq.  F.S.A.  [From  Transactions-  of  tb«  His- 
torical Society  of  Great  Britain.]  8vo. 

From  the  Shropshire  and  North  Wales  Natural  History  and  Antiquarian 
Society  : — Annual  Report  for  1870.  8vo.  Shrewsbury,  1871. 

From  the  Cambrian  Archaeological  Association  : — Archseologia  Cambrensis. 
Fourth  Series.  No.  5.  January.  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Author  :— The  Emerald  Vernicle  of  the  Vatican.  By  C.  W.  King, 
M.A.  [From  the  Archaeological  Journal,  vol.  xxvii.]  8vo.  London, 
1870. 

From  the  Author  : — Die  Haus-  und  Hofmarken.  Von  Dr.  C.  G.  Homeyer.  4to. 
Berlin,  1870. 

From  the  Hon.  Arthur  Dillon,  F.S.A.  :— 

1.  Hecatommithi,  overo  Cento  Novelle  di  Gio.  Battista  Giraldi  Cinthio, 
Nobile  Ferrarese.     (In  two  parts.)     Sq.  8vo.     Venice,  1608. 

2.  De  Abassinorum  Rebus,  deque    ./Ethiopiae  Patriarchis  Joanne   Nonio 
Barreto,  et  Andrea  Oyiedo,    libri  tres  :   P.  Nicolao   Godigno    Societatis 
Jesu  Auctore.     Nunc  primum  in  lucem  emissi.     8vo.     Ley  den,  1615. 

From  the  Wiltshire  Archaeological  and  Natural  History  Society  : — 

1.  Their  Magazine,  Nos.  32, 35,  and  36.    (Vols.  xi.  and  xii.)    8vo.    Devizes, 
1868-70. 

2.  Some  Account  of  the  Blackmore  Museum,  Salisbury.     Part  2.     8vo. 

From  the  London  and  Middlesex  Archaeological  Society.  Vol.  iii.  Part  10. 
[Completing  vol.  iii.]  8vo.  London,  1870. 

From  the  Eoyal  Historical  and  Archaeological  Association  of  Ireland  : — Chris- 
tian Inscriptions  in  the  Irish  Language.  Chiefly  collected  and  drawn  by 
George  Petrie.  Edited  by  M.  Stokes.  Part  1.  4to.  Dublin,  1870. 

From  W.  S.  Walford,  Esq.  F.S.A.  : — Raymundi  Duellii  Excerptornm  Genealo- 
gico-Historicorum  Libri  duo.  Folio.  Leipsic,  1725. 

From  the  Royal  Asiatic  Society  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  : — Their  Journal 
New  Series.  Vol.  v.  Part  1.  8vo.  London,  1870. 

Special  Thanks  were  voted  to  Dr.  C.  G.  Homeyer  for  the 
interesting  work  presented  by  him  to  the  Library. 

The  DEPARTMENT  of  SCIENCE  AND  ART  exhibited  three  ivory 
Coffrets  of  similar  work  to  that  described  at  page  87.  Although 
much  smaller,  the  character  of  the  metal  work  and  of  the 
paintings  was  the  same.  One  of  them  was  adorned  with 


Feb.  9.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  '  89 

shields "  with  armorial  bearings,  which,   to  judge  by  the  style, 
might  have  been  executed  in  the  fourteenth  century. 

Sir  M.  DIGBY  WYATT,  F.S.A.  exhibited  a  Box  of  walnut 
wood,  ornamented  with  carved  scroll  patterns,  which  he  had 
obtained  at  Toulouse  from  a  dealer  who  had  brought  it  from 
Spain.  It  might  probably  be  assigned  to  the  end  of  the  fifteenth 
century,  and,  as  the  exhibitor  remarked  in  a  letter  to  the 
Secretary,  offered  a  curious  example  of  what  the  Spaniards 
call  "Mudejar"  work, — that  is  work  done  by  Moors  for 
Spaniards, — half  way  between  ordinary  Moorish  and  Spanish. 

The  ornament  on  the  box  in  question  inclined  towards  Re- 
naissance,  but  in  many  of  the  forms,  particularly  in  the  peculiar 
ending  of  some  of  the  scrolls,  it  gave  clear  evidence  of  the 
Moorish  taste.  The  box  was  probably  made  for  some  knight  of 
Santiago,  as^on  one  side  is  to  be  seen  the  celebrated  sword  of 
St.  James  surmounting  the  monogram  IHS. 

This  exhibition  was  peculiarly  interesting  in  connection  with 
that  of  the  ivory  caskets  previously  mentioned. 

C.  D.  E.  FORTNUM,  Esq.  F.S.A.  communicated,  in  the  follow- 
ing letter  to  the  Secretary,  some  account  of  recent  discoveries  in 
Rome : — 

"  I  have  just  received  a  letter  from  my  frtend  Sig.  R. 
Lanciani,  of  Rome,  who  holds  office  under  the  new  Commission 
for  the  Preservation  and  Excavation  of  Antique  Monuments,  and 
who  tells  me  that 

"  6  A  very  important  discovery  was  reported  the  other  day, 
which  I  went  to  see  yesterday.  In  pulling  down  one  of  the 
semi-circular  towers  (the  right  one)  near  the  Porta  Salaria, 
which  is  now  undergoing  repair,  a  beautiful  Roman  tomb  was 
brought  to  light,  included  by  Honorius  (or  Aurelian  ?)  in  his 
rebuilding  of  the  walls.  It  has  pillars  of  white  Luiii  marble 
with  the  '  entre-pilastres '  of  travertine.  The  general  aspect  of 
the  monument  is  not  very  far  from  that  of  Bibula's  tomb  ;  but 
no  inscription  has  yet  been  found.  Still  it  is  a  very  important 
f  capo  soldo  '  to  mark  the  line  of  the  old  road. 

"  e  They  have  just  discovered  a  second  tomb  at  the  Porta 
Salaria ;  it  is  of  marble,  and  belonged  to  a  child  of  eleven  years 
five  months  and  ten  days — an  improvisatore  poetess.  Her 
parents  tell  us  in  the  inscription  that,  in  order  to  show  that  they 
do  not  exagerate  in  their  affection  for  her  (ne  parentes  adfectibus 
suis  indulsisse  videantur),  they  have  had  incised  on  the  cippus 
some  Greek  compositions  improvised  by  the  young  poetess.  En 
effet  on  each  side  of  the  statue  of  the  child  in  alto  rilievo  there 
is  a  very  long  composition  in  hexameters  upon  some  quarrel 


90  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

between  Jupiter  and  Apollo  on  the  subject  of  Phaeton.-  '  Other 
EIIirPAMMATA  are  engraved  beneath  the  Latin  inscription. 

W.  H.  BLACK,  Esq.  F.S.A.  communicated  a  paper  on  a 
hitherto  unnoticed  Expedition  of  the  Emperor  Augustus  into 
Britain.  The  first  part  of  this  paper,  which  will  appear  in-  the 
Archseologia,  was  read  on  this  occasion. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communications. 

Thursday,  February  16th,  1871. 
EAKL  STANHOPE,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  the  Editor,  S.  Tymms,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :— The  East  Anglian.     Vol.  4.     No. 

120.     8vo.     Loweatoft,  1871. 
From  the  Berwickshire  Naturalists'   Club  :— Proceedings.     Vol.  vii.     No.   2. 

8vo.    Alnwick,  1870. 
From  the  Author  : — Seven  Inventories  of  Welsh  Friaries.     Edited  by  the  Rev. 

M.  E.  C.  Walcott,  B.D.,  F.S.A.     [From  Archseologia  Cambrensis.]     8vo. 

London,  1870. 
From  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland  : — Proceedings.     Vol.  vii.     Fart  2. 

[Completing  vol.  vii.]     Sq.  8vo.     Edinburgh,  1870. 

From  the  Author: — The  Crown  Lands  :  being  an  Essay  on  the  Right  of  the 
Queen  and  Royal  Family  of  England  to  Monetary  Support  from  the 
Nation.  By  John  W.  Lyndon.  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Author  : — A  History  of  Lichfield  Cathedral  from  its  Foundation  to 
the  present  time.  By  J.  B.  Stone,  F.G.S.  4to.  London,  1870. 

Robert  William  Edis,  Esq.  and  Robert  Furley,  Esq.  were 
admitted  Fellows. 

THOMAS  LEWIN,  Esq.  F.S.A.  communicated  a  memoir  on  the 
Sites  of  the  Temple  at  Jerusalem,  of  Antonia,  and  of  the  Acra. 

The  first  portion  only  of  this  paper  was  read  this  evening. 
The  whole  will  appear  in  the  Archaeologia. 

In  connection  with  this  communication  the  Palestine  Explora- 
tion Fund  Committee  exhibited  several  drawings  and  plans,  and 
a  model  of  the  rock  of  the  Haram. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  this  Communication. 


Feb.  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  91 


Thursday,  February  23rd,  1871. 


FKEDERIC  OUVRY,  Esq.,  Treasurer,  and  subsequently  th 
Very  Rev.  The  DEAN  OF  WESTMINSTER,  V.P.,  ii 


the 

-,  in 
the  Chair. 


The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  for  the 
same  ordered  to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  the  Hon.  A.  Dillon,  F.S.A.  : — Hugonis  Grotii  de  Jure  Belli  ac  Pacis  libri 
tres.  Editio  Nova.  8vo.  Amsterdam,  1670. 

From  the  Author  : — On  the  claims  of  Science  to  Public  Recognition  and  Sup- 
port ;  with  special  reference  to  the  so-called  "  Social  Sciences."  By  William 
A.  Guy,  M.B.  F.R.S.  (From  Journal  of  Statistical  Society.)  8vo.  Lon- 
don, 1870. 

From  the  Author  : — Some  Account  of  the  Megalithic  Remains  in  South  Dorset. 
By  E.  Hadlow  Wise  Dunkin.  (From  the  Reliquary.)  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Author,  C.  R.  Markham,  Esq.  F.S.A.  : — Entries  in  an  old  Pocket 
Book,  of  A.D.  1680,  belonging  to  Sir  Robert  Markham,  Bart,  of  Sedgebrook, 
co.  Lincoln.  8vo.  London,  1869. 

From  W.  Consitt  Boulter,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :— 

1.  On  the  prospective  advantages  of  a  Visit  to  the  Town  of  Hull  by  the 
British  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science.     By  Charles  Frost, 
F.S.A.     8vo.     Hull,  1853. 

2.  The  Queen's  Visit  to  Hull,  Friday  and  Saturday,  October  13th  and  14th, 
1854.     Second  Edition.     By  James  Smith.     8vo.     Hull,  1854. 

From  the  Numismatic  Society  : — The  Numismatic  Chronicle.  New  Series.  No. 
40.  (Completing  vol.  x.)  8vo.  London,  1870. 

From  W.  M.  Wylie,  Esq.  M.A.  F.S.A.  : — Praxis  Rerum  Civilium,  auctore  Jodoco 
Damhouderio.  8vo.  Antwerp,  1567. 

OCTAVIUS  MORGAN,  Esq.  M.P.,  F.S.A.,  exhibited  a  pair  of 
Rock  Crystal  Cups,  which  he  accompanied  by  the  following 
remarks  in  a  letter  addressed  to  the  Secretary  : — 

"  I  have  "sent  for  exhibition  this  evening  a  pretty  object  which 
has  recently  come  into  my  possession,  viz.  :  A  pair  of  rock 
crystal  cups  mounted  in  silver  gilt,  which  fit  together  as  a  box, 
similar  to  those  of  silver  gilt  and.  of  larger  size  which  seem  to 
have  been  in  use  in  the  fourteenth  and  fifteenth  centuries,  and 
are  occasionally  represented  on  cup-boards  in  illuminated  MSS. 
of  that  period.  If  I  remember  rightly  there  is  now  at  the 
Record  Office  the  cuir  bouilli  case  of  one,  which  was  formerly 
used  for  holding  small  documents ;  it  is  however  of  considerable 
size.  Vessels  of  this  form  are  not  common,  and  I  have  never 
seen  one  before.  The  date  of  this  may  be  the  sixteenth  century." 

The  height  of  the  two  cups,  when  placed  one  on  the  other, 
was  5J  inches,  their  extreme  diameter  2J  inches. 


92  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

The  second  portion  of  Mr.  Lewin's  paper  on  the  Site  of  the 
Temple  of  Jerusalem  was  read. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communications. 


Thursday,  March  2nd,  1871. 
AUGUSTUS  W.  FKANKS,  Esq.  V.P.  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  the  Royal  College  of  Physicians  :— List  of  the  Fellows,  Members,  Extra- 
Licentiates,  and  Licentiates.     8vo.    London,  1871. 
From  the  Key.  F.  T.  Havergal,  M.A.  Loc.  Sec.  S.A.  Herefordshire  :— 

1.  Magna  Charta,  cum  Statutis,  turn  antiquis,  turn  recentibns,  maximopere 
animo  tenendis,  jam  noviter  excusa,  et  summa  diligentia  emendata  et  cor- 
recta.     Sm.  8vo.    London,  1602. 

2.  Selectiora  Numismata  in   sere  maximi  moduli  e  Museo  Francisci  de 
Campo,  concisis  interpretationibus  per  D.  Vaillant  D.  M.  et  Cenomanensium 
Ducis  Antiquarium  illustrata.     4to.     Paris,  1695. 

3.  An  Essay  upon  Prints.     Second  Edition.     8vo.    London,  1768. 

4.  Picturesque  Antiquities  of  Scotland,  etched  by  Adam  de  Cardonnel.     (In 
two  parts.)    8vo.     London,  1788. 

5.  A  Glimpse  at  the  Monumental  Architecture  and   Sculpture  of   Great 
Britain,  from  the  earliest  period  to  the  eighteenth  century.     By  Matthew 
Holbeche  Bloxam.     8vo.    London,  1834. 

From  the  Author  : — Brief  Chapters  on  British  Carpentry  :  History  and  Prin- 
ciples of  Gothic  Roofs.  By  Thomas  Morris.  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Royal  Society  : — Proceedings.  Vol.  xix.  No.  125.  8vo.  London, 
1871. 

FRANK  BUCKLAND,  Esq.  called  the  attention  of  the  Meeting 
to  the  still  continuing  destruction  of  the  ancient  entrenchments 
known  as  the  Dyke  Hills,  at  Dorchester,  Oxfordshire. ' 

It  will  be  recollected  that  in  May  1870  the  Society  en- 
deavoured to  arrest  the  then  threatened  destruction  of  these 
earthworks.*  It  appeared  however  that  in  spite  of  remon- 
strances addressed  to  him  from  this  and  other  quarters,  Mr. 
Latham,  the  owner  and  occupier  of  the  land,  had  commenced 
the  work  of  destruction,  and  had  levelled  and  ploughed  up  a 
considerable  portion  of  the  remains  on  the  flat  ground  on  the 
Oxfordshire  side  of  the  river. 

*  See  Proceedings,  2  S.  iv.  496. 


March  2.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  93 

After  some  discussion,  in  which  Col.  A.  H.  Lane  Fox,  F.S.A. 
and  W.  H.  Black,  Esq.  F.S.A.  took  a  part,  it  was  arranged 
that  Mr.  Buckland  and  Colonel  Lane  Fox  should  proceed  to  the 
spot  and  do  their  best  to  interest  Mr.  Latham  in  the  preser- 
vation of  the  Dykes. 

The  Society  meanwhile  passed  the  following  Resolution,  of 
which  such  use  was  to  be  made  by  Col.  Lane  Fox  and  Mr.  Buck- 
land  as  should  in  their  judgment  seem  best. 

"The  Society  of  Antiquaries  regrets  to  find  that  the  remon- 
strances drawn  up  by  the  Society  last  year  against  the  levelling 
of  Dorchester  Dykes  have  proved  unavailing,  and  that  the  work 
of  destruction  still  progresses.  The  Society  loses  no  time  in 
renewing  the  expression  of  its  most  urgent  wish  that  the  owner 
and  occupier  of  the  property  would  take  all  possible  measures  to 
preserve  this  interesting  relic  of  British  antiquity." 

The  Vice-President  in  the  Chair  called  the  attention  of  the 
Society  to  the  threatened  destruction  of  "  Caesar's  Camp  "  at 
Wimbledon.  The  Secretary  was  instructed  to  make  inquiries 
as  to  the  quarter  to  which  the  remonstrances  of  the  Society  might 
properly  be  addressed. 

RICHARD  REDMOND  CATON,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  and  pre- 
sented a  Silver  Seal  of  the  town  of  Amarsweiler,  or  Marivillier, 
near  Colmar,  in  Alsatia. 

This  seal  is  circular,  1J  inch  in  diameter.  Subject  St.  Martin 
dividing  his  cloak  with  the  Beggar.  Legend,  on  a  scroll,  of 
which  the  ends  terminate  on  the  field  :  — 


s  •  secEGTvao  •  civmms 

Mr.  Caton  also  exhibited  a  Silver  Seal,  which  may  be  thus 
described  :  — 

Circular,  £  inch  in  diameter.  Subject,  in  a  six-foiled  panel, 
a  shield  bearing  a  bend  between  a  lion  rampant  in  chief  and 
three  cinquefoils  in  base.  Legend  :  — 

S  •  IK  —  NO  —  LG  —  .  RI  —  CG. 

Col.  A.  H.  LANE  Fox,  F.S.A.  exhibited  :— 

1.  Two  small  penannular  Rings  of  Gold  with  a  spiral  twist, 
much  resembling  in  character  the  armlet  exhibited  on  the  part 
of  Her  Majesty  on  Feb.  2,  1871.     These  rings,  one  of  which 
will  be  engraved,  together  with  the  armlet  just  mentioned,  in 
the  Archgeologia,    vol.   xliii.   Appendix,    were   believed  by  the 
owner  to  have  come  from  Africa. 

2.  A  flint  implement    (figured  on  page    94)    brought   from 
Honduras  by  a  naval  officer  some  years  ago. 


94 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 


[1871, 


FLINT  IMPLEMENT  FROM  HONDURAS. 
Scale  f  rds,  linear. 


March  2.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  95 

Except  in  its  smaller  size  and  finer  workmanship  it  resembles 
one  in  the  Blackmore  Museum  at  Salisbury.  See  Stevens'  Flint 
Chips,  Frontispiece. 

The  Rev.  F.  J.  RAWLINS  exhibited,  by  the  hand  of  A.  W. 
Franks,  Esq.  V.P.  two  curious  objects  found  in  the  Thames 
near  Windsor,  and  which  the  latter  gentleman  described  as 
follows : — 

"  1.  A  triangular  instrument  of  dark  olive-brown  flint,  of 
which  the  edges  are  slightly  convex  in  outline. 

"  One  of  them,  which  is  3fV  inches  wide,  is  brought  to  a  fair 
edge  by  chipping  ;  the  other  two,  which  are  each  3  inches  wide, 
are  ground  down  so  as  to  form  fine  smooth  edges ;  the  greatest 
thickness  is  three-eighths  of  an  inch. 

"  I  have  seen  a  certain  number  of  implements  of  the  same 
description,  but  generally  circular  or  quadrangular  with  rounded 
angles.  A  Quadrangular  one  from  the  collection  of  W.  J. 
Bernhard  Smith,  Esq.  and  found  at  Pentrefoelas,  Denbighshire, 
is  engraved  in  the  Archaeological  Journal,  xvii.  171  ;  two  others 
from  Cambridgeshire  are  in  the  collection  of  John  Evans,  Esq. 
F.R.S.  F.S.A.  In  these  specimens,  however,  the  polished 
edge  extends  all  round,  and  but  little  of  the  original  chipping 
of  the  surface  is  now  visible. 

"  In  various  parts  of  Derbyshire  circular  implements  of  the 
same  kind  have  been  found. 

"  It  has  been  conjectured  that  these  flints  have  been  used  for 
flaying,  like  the  so-called  "  Picts'  knives"  that  are  often  found  in 
Shetland. 

"  2.  A  bronze  sickle-shaped  implement  with  a  cylindrical 
socket  for  handle,  and  two  rivet  holes ;  the  blade  has  a  central 
ridge,  is  curved,  and  appears  to  have  been  sharp  on  both  edges. 
(See  woodcut)  Such  objects  have  not  unfrequently  been  found 
in  Ireland,  but  in  England  they  occur  more  rarely.  One  found 
in  Cambridgeshire  is  engraved  in  the  Archaeological  Journal, 


BRONZE  SICKLE  FROM  THE  THAMES. 
Scale  frds,  linear. 


9(5  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

vol.  vii.  p.  302.  Another  from  the  Thames  was  exhibited  to  the 
Society  some  time  since;*  a  third  specimen,  also  from  the 
Thames,  is  in  the  collection  of  John  Evans,  Esq.  F.S.A.  and  an 
Alderney  specimen  is  engraved  in  the  Journal  of  the  British 
Archaeological  Association,  vol.  iii.  p.  9. 

"  In  a  description  of  the  antiquities  found  at  Camenz,  in 
Saxony,  Mr.  Evans  has  described  several  foreign  examples,  f 
None  of  these  specimens  however  quite  resemble  that  exhibited 
by  Mr.  Rawlins,  which  bears  more  analogy  with  Irish  forms, 
for  instance  with  that  engraved  in  Wilde's  Catalogue  of  the 
Museum  of  the  Royal  Irish  Academy,  p.  527,  fig.  404.'r 

The  Rev.  W.  H.  BATHURST  exhibited  a  number  of  Romaii 
Antiquities  found  from  time  to  time  on  the  site  of  the  Roman 
villa  in  his  park  at  Lydney,  Gloucestershire,  and  communicated 
a  written  description  of  the  same,  of  which  the  following  is  an 
abstract : — 

"  The  Roman  station  in  Lydney  Park  is  situated  about  8  J 
miles  from  Chepstow,  and  about  20  from  Gloucester,  on  the  north- 
west bank  of  the  river  Severn,  from  which  it  is  distant  about 
2  miles.  It  stands  not  far  to  the  west  from  the  Roman  road 
which  is  believed  to  have  connected  Gloucester  (Glevum)  with 
Caerwent  (Venta  Silurum)  in  Monmouthshire.  Its  ancient 
name  is  unknown,  but  it  may  have  been  one  of  the  fortified 
posts  which  P.  Ostorius  is  said  by  Tacitus  (Ann.  xii.  31)  to 
have  established  near  the  banks  of  the  Severn  in  order  to 
restrain  the  incursions  of  the  neighbouring  tribes. 

u  The  station  at  Lydney  consists  of  two  camps  situated  on  two 
neighbouring  hills,  separated  by  a  deep  valley.  The  smaller  of 
these  is  nearly  circular,  and  not  more  than  50  yards  across. 
As  it  stands  on  the  summit  of  the  first  rising  ground  from  the 
river,  it  may  have  been  an  outpost  for  defence  or  observation. 
Nothing  appears  here  but  a  mound  surrounding  the  top  of  the 
hill,  with  some  traces  on  one  side  of  a  second  and  third  mound. 
Broken  pottery  has  been  found  here,  and  a  few  coins  ;  also  some 
hewn  stones — but  these  have  a  modern  appearance. 

"  The  larger  camp  on  the  opposite  hill  is  of  an  oblong  shape, 
adapting  itself  to  the  form  of  the  hill,  about  830  feet  in  length, 
and  370  in  breadth.  On  the  south-west  portion  of  this  area  lay 
the  buildings  which  I  have  to  describe.  Some  very  imperfect 
views  of  the  two  camps  were  given  by  Major  Ro'oke  in  the 
Archaeologia,  v.  208.  The  only  portion  of  the  buildings  then 
opened  was  what  he  calls  <  a  very  elegant  bath,'  of  which  *  a 

*  See  Proceedings,  2  S.  iv.  85. 

|  See  Proceedings,  2  S.  iii.  328;  see  also  2  S.  iv.  218. 


March  2.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  97 

very  inaccurate  drawing   made  in    1775  will  be  found  in  the 
Antiquarian  Repertory,  ii.  389.' 

"  No  regular  examination  of  these  remains  was  made  till  the 
year  1805,  when  curiosity  was  excited  by  the  accidental  dis- 
covery of  a  piece  of  pavement,  and  the  whole  surface  was  then 
gradually  opened,  measures  carefully  taken  of  every  wall  as  it 
was  exposed,  and  a  plan  made  of  the  buildings.  An  irregular 
wall  seems  to  have  surrounded  that  part  of  the  hill  which  was 
built  upon  :  the  remainder  of  the  area  is  bounded  by  a  mound 
of  earth,  except  in  one  place  where  the  steepness  of  the  slope 
might  make  such  a  defence  unnecessary.  On  the  north,  where 
the  ground  rises  above  the  level  of  the  camp,  there  are  traces  of 
a  double  mound  and  fosse. 

"A  series  of  coins  of  about  60  Emperors  from  Augustus  to 
Honorius  having  been  found  here,  leads  to  the  conclusion  that 
the  station  must  have  been  occupied  during  the  whole  period  of 
the  Roman  dominion  in  Britain.  Portions  of  melted  lead  and 
other  traces  of  burning  -have  been  met  with  in  some  of  the 
rooms,  indicating  that  a  portion  at  least  of  the  edifice  was 
destroyed  by  fire. 

u  The"  buildings  whose  foundations  have  been  traced  cover  a  space 
of  315  feet  from  east  to  wesb,  and  about  300  feet  from  north  to 
south.  They  may  be  considered  as  consisting  of  three  parts, 
which  we  will  refer  to  as  A,  B,  C.  A  small  erection  near  the 
building  B  was  perhaps  a  separate  structure.  The  letter  D  may 
be  assigned  to  it. 

"  The  building  A  is  probably  the  oldest,  and  may  be  regarded 
as  the  principal  residence  or  Prsetorium.  It  extends  168  feet 
north  and  south  and  135  east  and  west.  The  Atrium  in  the 
centre  is  66  feet  by  63.  This  seems  to  have  been  surrounded 
on  three  sides  by  a  cryptoporticiis,  the  western  side  of  which  was 
84  feet  long,  each  of  the  other  sides  72  feet,  and  the  whole  8 
feet  wide.  The  rooms  in  general  are  small,  the  largest  being 
23ft  llin.  by  18ft. 

u  This  building  is  bounded  on  the  south  or  south-east  by  a 
thick  outer  wall,  which  follows  the  line  of  the  hill,  standing  on 
the  edge  where  a  steep  slope  commences. 

u  At  one  spot  on  the  north  side  were  found  two  small  hollows 
in  the  ground  filled  with  cinders  and  iron  scoria,  as  if  some 
forge  had  been  worked  near  it. 

"  The  Atrium  was  paved  with  large  flat  stones  in  rows  of 
about  2ft.  4in.  wide,  laid  on  the  ground  without  mortar.  The" 
gallery  next  the  Atrium  contained  fragments  of  tessellated 
pavement ;  the  rooms  adjoining  it  were  also  paved  with  tesserw 
in  a  more  or  less  mutilated  condition.  In  one  of  the  most 
perfect  w^ere  found  coins  of  Constantius,  Constans,  Yalens,  and 

VOL.  Y.  H 


98  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

Valentinian.  Here  were  also  found  masses  of  melted  lead  on 
the  floor — in  some  places  incorporated  with  it,  and  also  marks 
of  burning  on  the  stones,  tiles,  &c.,  which  had  fallen  in.  The 
walls  appear  to  have  been  covered  with  stucco ;  of  which  some 
portions  remained  upon  them.  In  another  room  were  found 
coins  of  Claudius  II.,  Tetricus,  Allectus,  Constantius,  Constans, 
Valens,  Valentinian,  Gratian,  and  Maximus  (silver). 

u  The  second  portion  of  the  buildings  B  has  no  visible  connec- 
tion with  A,  and  may  have  been  built  at  a  later  period.  The 
two  divisions  of  it  appear  also  unconnected  and  incongruous. 
In  some  of  the  rooms  there  have  been  found  tessellated  pave- 
ments and  a  series  of  hypocausts  extending  through  many  of  the 
chambers  into  which  this  block  was  divided  :  the  floors,  however, 
are  so  much  broken  and  destroyed  that  it  is  difficult  to  say 
whether  there  was  a  regular  suite  of  bath-rooms  or  not. 

u  A  doorway  appears  to  open  on  the  edge  of  the  hill,  and  may 
have  been  used  for  throwing  away  refuse  down  the  slope. 

"  The  building  marked  C  stands  quite  unconnected  with  the 
others  :  it  is  93  feet  in  length  and  76  in  breadth.  Three  inscrip- 
tions on  metal  plates  found  near  its  walls,  of  the  nature  of  votive 
tablets,  seem  to  identify  this  with  the  temple  which  is  named  in 
one  of  them  and  implied  in  the  others. 

"  These  inscriptions  have  been  given  in  a  work  entitled  "  Stri- 
gulensia,"  printed  for  private  circulation  by  Mr.  Ormerod  of 
Sedbury  Park  (p.  37),  and  copied  from  thence  by  Dr.  M'Caul  of 
Toronto,  in  his  book  on  "  Britanno-Roman  Inscriptions  "  (p.  73). 
They  all  bear  dedications  to  a  local  deity  whose  name  in  the 
dative  case  is  variously  spelled  Nodonti,  Nudonti,  Nodenti. 
Various  conjectures  have  been  offered  as  to  this  divinity,  of 
which  one  of  the  most  probable  seems  that  which  identifies  him 
with  jEsculapius. 

"  The  temple  in  question  stood  nearly  north  and  south  :  the 
entrance  was  at  the  south  end.  The  north  end  of  the  principal 
apartment  was  divided  into  three  recesses,  in  front  of  which 
were  found  the  remains  of  a  tessellated  pavement,  on  which  were 
represented  several  fishes  on  either  side  of  two  dragons  with 
heads  twined  together.  The  fishes  are  considered  to  support  the 
idea  of  a  <  god  of  the  abyss :'  the  dragons  are  thought  to  cor- 
roborate the  claim  of  ^Esculapius. 

"  But  the  most  notable  part  of  this  pavement  is  the  inscription 
^hich  appears  at  the  head  of  it,  of  which  I  have  a  copy  which 
is  a  fac- simile  of  the  original. 

"  It  is  unfortunately  imperfect ;  and  if  I  attempt  any  solution 
ot  its  obscurities  it  is  only  with  the  view  of  eliciting  the  opinions 
ot  others  better  versed  in  such  investigations. 

<  The  first  letter,  D,  is  very  distinct ;  the  next  two  are  broken  ; 


March  2.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  99 

but  the  portions  that  remain  seem  to  show  that  they  were  A  and 
N.  These  three  letters  must,  I  think,  have  been  initials.  Sup- 
posing it  likely,  then,  that  the  name  of  the  god  would  occupy 
(as  is  usual)  the  first  place,  I  venture  to  suggest  that  D  •  A  •  N 
may  stand  for  Deo  Asclepio  Nodonti. 

"  For  the  union  of  the  two  names,  Eoman  and  British,  I  find 
an  authority  in  an  inscription  on  an  altar  found  at  Netherby  in 
Cumberland,  and  another  at  Plumptoii  Wall  (Arclueol.  x.  118), 
both  of  which  begin  with  the  words  '  Deo  Marti  Belatucadro ' 
— of  which  Lysons  says  that  they  are  dedicated  to  Mars  by  the 
local  name  of  Belatucader.  (Mag.  Brit.  iv.  cliii. — clxvii.) 

"  The  next  letter  in  our  inscription  appears  to  be  T,  which  may 
stand  for  the  prenomen  of  the  author  of  the  work,  whose  whole 
title  would  then  be  Titus  FLAVIUS  SENILIS.  His  rank  or 
office  seems  to  be  indicated  by  the  letters  which  follow,  viz. 
PR  REL,  which  may  mean  Prafectm,  or  Pr<zses,  Reliaionis. 
Dr.  M'Caul  offers  another  suggestion,  and  thinks  it  may'  mean 
pretio  relato.  Let  the  learned  decide. 

"  The  next  three  words  are  tolerably  distinct :  EX  STE- 
PIBUS  POSSUIT.  Two  variations  in  spelling  from  the  usual 
mode  are  here  observable — stepibus  for  stipibusj*  and  possuit  with 
two  s's ;  as  the  word  promissit  also  has  in  the  tablet  of  Pectillus. 
The  next  line  begins  with  0,  then  comes  a  break  followed  by 
ANTE,  and  then  VICTORINO  very  distinct.  Opus  cwANTE  is 
a  natural  way  of  filling  up  the  blank ;  but  the  letter  preceding 
ante,  of  which  part  remains,  looks  more  like  Y  than  R.  Could 
the  word,  then,  have  been  ^vANTE  ?  The  last  word  in  the  in- 
scription appears  to  begin  with  INTER  and  end  with  IATE.  The 
termination  would  indicate  the  native  place  of  Victorinus,  but  I 
cannot  fill  up  the  hiatus.  The  position  of  the  letters  will  hardly 
bear  out  Interamnate,  as  suggested  by  Dr.  M'Caul. 

"  This  inscription  is  interrupted  between  the  words  FLA  VIUS 
and  SENILIS  by  a  circular  perforation  formed  of  an  earthenware 
funnel,  3|  inches  in  diameter  and  4  inches  deep,  placed  in  the 
middle  of  a  circle  of  coarse  tesserce,  which  formed  a  shallow 
basin,  the  depth  of  which  cannot  easily  be  ascertained,  as  it 
has  sunk  unequally,  so  as  to  give  the  funnel  an  oblique  direc- 
tion, the  top  of  which,  and  consequently  the  bottom  of  the  basin, 
was  3  inches  on  one  side  and  4  inches  on  the  other  below  the 
general  level  of  the  pavement.  On  clearing  out  the  funnel, 
which  would  just  admit  a  hand,  and  below  which  was  a  cavity 


*  Stips— asrea  pecimia  minuta,  ajra,  asses — fere  dicitur  de  pecuniaquae  a  plu- 
ribus  parva  quantitate  confertur,  vel  in  opus  aliquod  publice  faciendum,  vel  in 
honorem  deorum,  vel  pauperibus  alendis. — Facclolatl  Lex.  ad  voc. 

H  2 


t>ROCEEDTNGS  OF  THE 


of  Constantinopolis,  1  ;    of  Valentmian,   1  ;    of  Valens,  1  ; 

H°™here  it  may  be  noticed,  that  in  the  three  recesses  before 
mentioned,  closely  adjoining  this  pavement,  there  were  found 
no  fewer  than  531  coins   (including  2  silver  ones)   of  19  d,i 
ferent  emperors,  from  Antonius  to  Arcadms,  besides   balonma, 
Theodora,   Helena,    Urbs   Roma,    Constantinopolis,    and 


the  south-east  edge  of  the  camp  hill  there  have  been 
standing  for  a  century  or  more  two  stone  figures  in  the  lorm  c 
termini,  which  were  always  supposed  to  have  been  dug  up  on 
this  hill,  but  I  cannot  vouch  for  the  fact.  It  is  said  that  about 
the  year  1  740  they  were  used  as  common  stones  on  the  low 
adjoining  ground  to  keep  down  flax  while  it  was  drying,  and 
were  afterwards  placed  where  they  now  stand  by  the  then 
owner  of  the  property.  Some  doubt  has  lately  been  intimated 
in  regard  to  their  antiquity. 

"  Another  stone  figure  of  a  female  sitting,  with  a  cornucopia 
on  her  arm,  was  certainly  found  among  these  ruins;  This 
figure  is  now  headless  ;  but  I  believe  I  may  say  that  it  had  a 
head  when  first  discovered. 

"  Among  the  numerous  articles  in  earthenware,  bronze,  iron, 
lead,  and  bone  that  have  been  found  here  there  is  only  one  to 
which  I  will  call  attention.  It  is  a  small  oblong  stone  with  four 
smooth  sides,  three  of  which  are  engraved  with  reversed  letters, 
showing  it  to  have  been  used  as  a  stamp  for  a  medicine  or  oint- 
ment for  the  eyes.  On  each  of  the  three  sides  is  the  name  ^  of 
the  apothecary  or  druggist,  Julius  Jucundus,  in  the  genitive 
case;  beneath  which  is  written  the  word  collyrium^  more  or 
less  abbreviated.  This  is  followed  in  the  first  by  the  word 
STACTU,  in  the  second  by  MELINU,  in  the  third  by  PENG. 
The  collyrium  stactum*  is  believed  to  have  been  made  from  the 
finest  myrrh. 

"  Melinum-f  was  prepared  from  quince. 

"  PENG  is  believed  to  be  abbreviated  from  penicillus,  a  soft 


*  Myrrha  et  per  se  unguentum  f  acit  sine  oleo,  stacte  dumtaxat.   Plin.  Hist.  Nat. 
xiii.  2. 

f  Fit  et  oleum  ex  his  (Cotoneis)  quod  melinum  vocavimus.    Plin.  xxiii.  54. 


March  9.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  101 

kind  of  sponge,  which  Pliny  says*  was  applied  with  honeyed  wine 
to  relieve  tumours  of  the  eyes." 

Mr.  Bathurst  also  exhibited  a  chalice   found  in  the  wall  of  a 
house  in  his  neighbourhood. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communications. 


Thursday,  March  9th,  1871. 
EARL  STANHOPE,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  the  Hon.  Arthur  Dillon, -F.S.  A.  : — Eccelino  da  Romano,  surnamed  the 
Tyrant  of  Padua.  A  Poem,  in  twelve  books.  By  Henry  Augustus,  Vis- 
count Dillon.  8vo.  London,  1828. 

From  A.  W.  Franks,  Esq.  M.A.  V.P.S.A.  : — Abhandlungen  fiir  die  Kunde  des 
Morgenlancles,  der  Deutschen  Morgenliindischen  Gesellschaf  t.  Erster  Band. 
Svo.  Leipsic,  1859. 

From  the  Royal  Institute  of  British  Architects  : — Sessional  Papers,  1870-71. 
No.  5.  4to.  London,  1871. 

From  Messrs.  Sever,  Francis,  and  Co.  : — Catalogue  of  the  Library  of  Jared 
Sparks,  with  a  List  of  the  Historical  Manuscripts  collected  by  him  and  now 
deposited  in  the  Library  of  Harvard  University.  Svo.  Cambridge,  U.S.A. 
1871. 

From  the  Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal  : — Journal.  New  Series.  Vol.  xxxix. 
Part  2.  No.  4.  [Completing  the  vol.]  Svo.  Calcutta,  1870. 

E.  CHARLESWORTH,  Esq.  exhibited  and  presented  a  Glass 
Bottle  of  medieval  manufacture,  2£  inches  high,  3  inches  in 
circumference  at  the  base,  nearly  the  same  for  If  inches,  when 
it  contracts  to  a  neck  with  a  lip  1  inch  across. 

This  bottle  was  bought  from  a  workman  employed  at  a 
"  coprolite  "  digging  near  Cambridge. 

J.  B.  SHEPPARD,  Esq.  exhibited-  a  parcel  of  Documents  for- 
merly belonging  to  Canterbury  Cathedral,  accompanied  by  some 
remarks,  of  which  the  following  is  an  abstract : — 

"  I  have  the  pleasure  to  lay  before  the  Society  nineteen  docu- 
ments of  the  fourteenth  century  relating  to  the  Monastery  of 
Christ  Church,  Canterbury,  which,  with  many  others  of  various 

*  Pliu.  xxxi.  47.  Mollissimum  genus  earum  (spongiarum)  penicilli  :  oculo- 
ruin  turnores  levant  ex  mulso  impositi.  lidem  abstcrgendae  lippitudini  utilis- 
sinii.  Vol.  18,  p'.  238. 


102  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

dates,  I  have  by  good  fortune  been  able  to  save  from  the  decay 
which  has  been  destroying  them  ever  since  the  time  when,  at 
the  Reformation,  they  were  snatched  from  the  safe  custody  of 
the  prior  and  convent.  . 

"  The  instruments  before  us  were  written  (all  but  one)  during 
vacancies  of  the  archiepiscopal  see,  and  exemplify  the  exercise  of 
the  well-known  powers  of  the  prior  and  convent  of  Canterbury 
as  guardians  of  the  spiritualties  sede  vacante.  All  except  the  first 
and  last  are  presentations  to  benefices  over  which  the  see  of 
Canterbury  had  ordinary  jurisdiction.  _  Hence  they  are  addressed 
to  the  prior  and  chapter  as  standing  in  the  archbishop's  place. 
The  first  relates  to  the  institution  of  a  vicar,  and  the  last  is  a 
letter  from  the  prior  to  the  king,  but  even  this  is  a  reply  to  a 
summons  from  the  king  to  the  prior  in  his  capacity  of  arch- 
bishop's substitute. 

"  In  the  middle  of  the  fourteenth  century  the  prior's  claim  to 
the  custody  of  the  spiritualties  seems  to  have  been  fully  recog- 
nised, but  about  eighty  years  earlier  there  had  been  great 
resistance  on  the  part  of  the  bishops  to  the  assumption  of  the 
convent,  which  they  declared  to  be  an  '  usurpation.'  The 
Annals  of  Oseney,  under  date  1270,  relates  that  when  Walter 
Bishop  of  Sarum  died  his  successor  went  to  Canterbury  for 
confirmation  (the  metropolitical  see  being  vacant),  which  busi- 
ness was  duly  performed ;  but  all  the  bishops  except  one  refused 
to  attend  or  to  assist  at  the  ceremony  of  consecration,  denying 
the  right  of  the  monastery  to  summon  the  bishops  for  that  pur- 
pose. On  this  occasion  the  apostolical  see  was  appealed  to,  and 
judgment  was  given  in  favour  of  the  prior  and  convent,*  who 
thenceforward  enjoyed  their  privileges  unmolested  until  the 
Dissolution,  when  the  dean  and  chapter  succeeded  to  them. 

"  The  documents  now  exhibited  will  be  considered  in  order; 
those  of  them  which  possess  sufficient  interest  will  be  given  at 
full  length,  whilst  those  which  are  merely  ordinary  "  forms  " 
will  be  abstracted. 

"  1.  This  is  an  instrument  dated  July  1,  1328,  testifying  the 
institution  of  Sir  William  de  Otteryng,  priest,  to  the  vicarage 
of  Elham,  in  the  diocese  of  Canterbury,  on  the  presentation  of 
the  keeper,  scholars,  and  brethren  of  the  house  of  the  scholars 
of  Merton  in  Oxford,  who  had  the  appropriation  of  the  .church 
(i.e.  the  rectoryj.  The  text  is  as  follows  : — 

Henricus  permissione  divina  prior  ecclesie  Christ!  Cantuariensis  et  ejusdem 
loci  Capitulum  dilecto  suo  in  Christo  Domino  Willelmo  de  Otteryngg  presby- 
tero  salutem  in  Domino.  Ad  vicariam  ecclesie  de  Elham  Cantuariensis  diocesis 
vacantem— ad  quam  custodi  scolaribus  et  fratribus  domus  scolarium  de  Merton 

*  Ann.  Mon.  ed.  Luard,  iv.  239,  and  sec  T.  Wike's  account  of  the  same  transac- 
tion, ib.  p.  242, 


March  9.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  103 

in  Oxonia  ecclcsiam  parochialem  de  Elham  in  proprios  et  perpetuos  usus  opti- 
ncntibus  per  literas  nostras  patentes  (prout  nostra  interest  sede  Cantuariensi 
vacante)  te  iiominavimus  presentandum  et  per  eosdem  veros  patronos  prout  per 
inquisicionem  factam  recepimus  nobis  sic  presentatus  existis — ad  eandem  te 
admittimus  et  perpetuum  vicarium  instituimus  in  eadem,  ipsaque  vicaria  per 
missale  nostrum  investimus.  Salvis  in  omnibus  juribus  dignitatibus  et  consuetudi- 
nibus  ecclesie  nostre  prsedicte.  In  hac  siquidem  admissione  et  institutiorie 
jurasti  quod  in  eadem  vicaria  (si)quidem  earn  sic  intitulatam  tenueris  humano 
more  continuam  residenciam  facies  corporalem.  In  cujus  rei  testimonium  has 
literas  nostras  fieri  fecimus  patentes.  Dat.  in  capitulo  nostro  prscdicto  Kaloiidas 
Julii,  Anno  Domini  Millesimo  ccc  vicesimo  octavo. 

"  The  church  of  Elham  had  been  given  to  Merton  College  in 
1268  by  Boniface,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  who  was  lord  of 
the  manor  of  Elham,  saving  a  vicarage  to  be  ordained  of  the 
value  of  thirty  marks  per  annum,  and  it  was  arranged  that  the 
archbishop  should,  on  the  occurrence  of  a  vacancy,  nominate  a 
clerk  to  the  college,  who  should  be  presented  by  the  warden  to 
the  archbishop  within  forty  days  of  the  nomination.*  It  is 
observable  that  this  nomination  was  exercised  on  this  occasion 
by  the  prior  and  convent, 'sede  vacante ,  as  being  part  of  the  spiri- 
tualties of  the  see  and  not  of  the  temporalities.  The  vicarage 
is,  or  very  lately  was,  still  filled  up  from  time  to  time  according 
to  the  ancient  ordination. 

"  The  date  of  this  instrument  is  worthy  of  remark.  According 
to  Godwin,  Simon  Meopham,  the  successor  of  Walter  Reynolds, 
after  his  election  (December  llth,  1327)  betook  himself  to 
Avignon  in  order  to  make  sure  of  his  position.  Being  supported 
both  by  the  chapter  and  the  king,  he  succeeded  in  procuring  the 
confirmation  of  his  election  by  the  pope  on  May  25th,  and  his 
consecration  ensued  on  June  5th,  1328.  He  did  not  return  to 
England  until  September  5th,  1328,  and  on  the  19th  of  that 
month  he  obtained  restitution  of  the  temporalities.  The  document 
now  before  us  is  dated  July  1st  in  the  same  year,  by  which  time, 
in  strictness,  the  authority  of  the  dean  and  chapter  had  ceased 
to  exist,  and  it  is  hardly  to  be  supposed  that  the  fact  of  the  new 
archbishop's,  confirmation  (which  supersedes  the  authority  of 
the  guardian  of  the  spiritualties)  should  not  have  been  officially 
intimated  at  Canterbury  before  July  1st.  It  is,  however, 
observable  that  the  parliamentary  writs  out  of  the  chancery 
were  still  directed  to  the  6  Guardian  of  the  Spiritualties,'  and 
not  to  the  archbishop,  on  June  15th  and  August  28th,  1328; 
and  his  first  writ  of  summons  to  Parliament,  superseding,  in 
fact,  the  writ  of  the  28th  August,  was  dated  on  September  19th, 
on  which  day  his  patents  of  restitution  of  the  temporalities  were 
sealed.  The  absence  of  the  archbishop  out  of  the  realm  pro- 
bably accounts  for  this. 

"  The  instrument  under  notice,  if  ever  sealed  or  acted  upon, 

*  Hasted,  iii.  343 


104  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

does  not  appear  to  have  left  the  prior's  office;  for  there  is 
endorsed,  as  if  on  a  piece  of  waste  parchment,  a  copy  or  draft 
of  a  letter  dated  November  16th  in  the  following  year  (1329), 
and  addressed  by  the  prior  and  convent  to  the  archbishop.^  The 
writing  of  this  letter  is  much  rubbed,  and  is  scarcely  decipher- 
able in  some  places.  Enough  remains  to  show  its  purport, 
namely,  to  urge  the  archbishop  to  comply  with  the  prayer'  of  a- 
previous  petition  of  the  convent,  and  to  give  general  instructions 
to  his  officers  to  refrain  from  certain  acts  (not  specified)  preju- 
dicial to  the  conventual  body. 

"  The  next  twelve  instruments  are  presentations  made  while  the 
see  was  vacant  by  the  death  of  John  de  Ufford,  who  was  nomi- 
nated by  bull,  dated  September  24th,  1348,*  on  the  decease  of 
Archbishop  Stratford.  He  died,  however,  on  June  7th,  1349, 
before  consecration. 

"  2.  Presentation  by  John  de  Ore  of  Master  John  de  Echyng- 
ham  to  the  church  of  Wudeton  Ore,  5to  id.  Junii  (June  9), 
1349. 

"  Wodeton  (Wooton),  near  Barham,  was  purchased  by  W.  de 
Echyngham,  10  Edw.  I.  from  W.  atte  Helle,  and  19  Edw.  II. 
J.  de  Wodeton  conveyed  it  to  W.  de  Ore.  The  deeds  are  said  to 
be  in  the  possession  of  the  Brydges  family,  the  present  owners 
of  Wootton.  It  is  possible  that  John  was  a  relative  of  William 
de  Echyngham ;  but  from  the  custom  which  ecclesiastics  had  of 
taking  their  names  from  the  places  of  their  birth  it  by  no  means 
follows,  as  a  matter  of  course,  that  William  de  Echyngham  the 
squire  was  connected  in  blood  with  John  de  Echyngham  the 
priest. 

"  3.  Presentation  by  Margaret  de  Bourne  of  John  of  East- 
hadden,  chaplain,  to  the  chantry  of  Bekesbourne,  near  Canter- 
bury. Dated  at  Canterbury,  2a°  idus  Junii  (June  12th),  1349. 

"  4.  Presentation  by  William  de  Clinton,  Earl  of  Huntingdon, 
to  the  church  of  Ripley.  Here  the  full  style  of  the  prior  as 
4  custos  spiritualitatis  '  is  given. 

Reverende  discretionis  viro  priori  ecclesie  Christi  Cantuariensis  custodi  spiri- 
tualitatis Cantuariensis  diocesis  sede  ejusdem  vacante  Willelmus  de  Clyntone 
ponies  Huntyngdon  salutetn  cum  caris  amicitiis.  Ad  ecclesiam  de  Ripple  dicte 
diocesis  vacantem  et  ad  nostram  presentacionem  spectantem  Robertum  de 
Meburn  clericum  nostrum  presentamus,  vestre  reverende  discretioni  supplicantes 
quatinus  pref  atum  Robertum  ad  ecclesiam  predictam  admittere  et  ipsum  Rectorem 
instituere  ac  quod  vestro  ulterius  in  hac  parte  incumbet  officio  facere  et  exequi 
velitis  intuitu  caritatis.  In  cujus,  &c.  Dat.  apud  manerium  nostrum  de  Preston 
XYJ  die  Junii,  A.D.  MCCC  quadragesimo  nono. 

"  William  de  Clinton,  the  patron,  married  Juliana,  daughter 

*  A  writ  of  summons  to  Parliament,  dated  20th  November,  22  Edw  III  is 
addressed  to  him  as  J.  de  Ufford  decano  Lincoln'  electo  Cantuar'  et  confirmato. 


March  9.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  105 

of  Thomas,  granddaughter  of  William,  and  great-granddaughter 
of  Roger  de  Ley  bourne,  the  friend  of  Prince  Edward,  and  his 
companion  in  the  Holy  Land.  By  his  wife  Juliana,  called  from 
her  great  estates  4  the  Infanta  of  Kent,'  he  gained  the  manor  of 
Preston  next  Wingham,  from  which  place  the  document  is 
dated.  Juliana  had  had  two  husbands  before  she  married  Clin- 
ton, and  when  he  died  in  1355  she  survived  him. 

"  5.  Presentation  by  Oliver  Brokas  (son  of  Sir  John  Brokas, 
knight),  lord  of  the  manor  of  Ifield,  of  Thomas  le  Graunt,  chap- 
lain, to  the  church  of  Ifield.  London,  19th  June,  1349. 

"  6.  Presentation  by  John  Earl  of  Kent  to  Adam  de  Der- 
lyngton  to  Wykham,  i.e.  Wykham  Brewes(/iod.  Wickhambreux), 
of  which  manor  this  John  Earl  of  Kent,  second  son  of  Edmund 
of  Woodstock,  died  seized  in  1352.  London,  June  21st,  1349. 

"  7.  Robert  de  Elnested,  John  atte  Setone,  Ralph  Lette, 
John  Bromore,  John  Mykellmm,  John  Chuse,  and  other  6  paro- 
chiani  fundatores  '  of  the  perpetual  chantry  of  the  Blessed 
Virgin  at  Pageham,  present  Nicholas  South,  of  Hollingbourne, 
priest,  to  the  chaplaincy.  There  are  two  slips  cut  from  the 
foot  of  the  parchment  for  seals.  The  attestation  clause  notices 
that  because  the  seals  of  the  patrons  of  the  chantry  were  not 
known  to  many  persons  they  had  procured  the  seal  of  the 
deanery  of  Pagham  (one  of  the  peculiars  of  the  see  of  Canter- 
bury) to  be  affixed.  The  second  slip  was  no  doubt  intended  for 
this  seal.  June  1349. 

"  8.  Presentation  by  Thomas  de  Aldeham  of  Thomas  de 

to  the  rectory  of  Otteham.  June  1349. 

"  9.  John  Teppenese  presents  John  de  Wislebech,  chap- 
lain, of  the  diocese  of  Ely,  to  the  rectory  of  Bircholt.  Dated 
at  Birchholte,  July  2nd,  1349.  The  family  of  Teppenese  held 
land  temp.  Edw,  III.  at  Leigh,  near  Tollbridge.  The  property 
has  been  called  in  modern  days  '  Teppeness  Corner.' 

u  10.  Sir  John  de  Cobham  presents  John  de  Thenelby  to 
the  perpetual  chapel  of  '  Rodefelde  juxta  Middletone.'  Dated 
at  Cobham*,  July  6th,  1349.  Sir  John  alleges  himself  to  be 
patron  hac  vice  only. 

"  Rodefelde  is  now  Radfield,  in  the  parish  of  Bapchild,  near 
Milton  (in  the  middle  ages  always  spelled  Middleton).  The  chapel 
in  question  was  founded  *  in  1190  by  Gamaliel  de  Neapoli,  prior 
of  the  Order  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem,  who  assigned  land  and  a 
mill  to  Turstaii  de  Bapechild  upon  condition  that  he  and  his 
heirs  should  provide  a  chaplain  and  a  priest  to  say  daily  masses 
for  the  soul  of  Henry  the  Second  and  others,  with  a  mass  on 
Sundays  in  honour  of  the  Virgin. 

*  See  Hasted,  ii.  5'J(J. 


106  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

"11.  William  de  Septvauns  presents  Peter  de  Pouldone, 
chaplain,  of  the  diocese  of  Norwich,  to  the  chantry  of  Borlegh. 
Nones  of  July  (July  7)  1349. 

"12.  The  abbat  and  chapter  of  St.  Kadigund's,  near  Dover, 
present  Koger  Fynch,  of  Yppeslee,  chaplain  of  the  diocese  of 
Worcester,  to  the  vicarage  of  Syberteswelde  (or  Siberts  would), 
8°  id.  Julii  (July  8)  1349.  Endorsed,  '  P'sentat'  ad  vicariam  de 
Sybesteswelde  (sic).  Abbas  Sancte  Radegundis.' 

"  13.  Mychael  de  Ponyngges,  dating  from  Eastwell,  pre- 
sents John  de  Borlee,  priest,  to  the  rectory  of  Earde,  in  the 
deanery  of  Shoreham,  of  which  living  he  was  patron  hao  vice, 
August  5th,  1349.  The  manor  of  Earde,  near  Crayford,  passed 
to  the  family  of  Poynings  in  the  reign  of  Edw.  III.  by  the 
marriage  of  Lucas  de  Poyning  with  Isabel  St.  John,  who  had 
inherited  it.  In  1342  this  Michael  had  a  suit  at  law  with  the 
abbot  of  St.  Augustine's  relative  to  the  patronage  of  the  church 
of  Tenterden  ;  he  lost  his  cause. 

"  14.  The  next  document  is  not  addressed  to  the  prior  and 
convent,  but — 

Venerabili  in  Christo  patri  Domino  Thome  Dei  Gracia  Electo  Cantuariensis 
Ecclesie  confirmato  vel  ipso  in  remotis  agente  vicario  in  spiritualibus  generali. 

"  By  it  Hugo  Colbrond,  Stephen  Scappe,  Walter  Scappe,  John 
son  of  John  Scappe,  Hugo  Colbrond,  guardian  of  the  heirs  of 
Thomas  Scappe,  present  Hugo  de  Stanford  to  the  chapel  of 
Cranthorne  (Craythorne),  near  Romney.  Dated  at  Romney, 
Sunday  next  before  St.  Bartholomew's  day  (23rd  Aug.)  1 349. 

"After  the  death  of  John  de  Ufford,  which,  as  before  noticed 
(Hardy's  Le  Neve),  occurred  on  the  7th  June,  1349,  before  his 
consecration,  Thomas  Bredewarden  was  nominated  to  the 
archiepiscopal  see  by  bull  dated  the  19th  of  that  month.  He 
was  consecrated  at  Avignon  early  in  July,  and  the  temporalities 
were  restored  Aug.  22,  1349.  lie  died  however  on  the  26th  of 
August  in  that  year,  only  a  few  days  after  the  date  of  the 
instrument  now  before  us. 

"  The  above  patrons  were  perhaps  founders  and  representa- 
tives of  deceased  founders  of  the  chapel. 

"15.  The  King,  patron  by  reason  of  the  vacancy  of  the  arch- 
bishopric, which  was  in  the  King's  hands,  presents  Richard  de 
Norwich  to  the  rectory  of  Adesham.  By  letters  patent  dated 
at  Westminster,  Nov.  4,  in  the  23rd  year  of  his  reign  of  England 
and  lOth^of  France,  1349.  Archbishop  Bredewarden,  as  just 
stated,  died  on  Aug.  ^26  of  this  year,  and  was  succeeded  by 
Simon  Islip.  The  living  becoming  vacant  in  the  interval,  the 
presentation  fell  to  the  King. 

"  16.  The  King,  sede  vacante,  presents  John  de  Grantham  to 


March  9.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUAKIES.  107 

the  rectory  of  Sundridge,  a  living  in  the  gift  of  the  Archbishop, 
by  letters  patent  dated  Nov.  4,  in  the  48th  year  of  his  reign 
of  England  and  35th  of  France.  (Nov.  4th,  1374.)  After  the 
death  of  William  of  Whitlesey,  June  5th,  1374,  there  was  an 
inteval  before  the  translation  of  Sndbury. 

"  17.  This  is  a  presentation  by  the  King  (Richard  II.)  of  Master 
Adam  de  Wykemere,  chaplain,  to  the  deanery  of  South  Mailing, 
which,  owing  to  the  vacancy  of  the  see  by  the  death  of  Simon 
de  Sudbury,  who  was  murdered  by  the  rebels  under  Wat 
Tyler,  June  14th,  1381,  had  fallen  to  the  King's  patronage. 
By  letters  patent  dated  at  London  July  11,  5  Eic.  II.  (1381.) 

"  This  Adam  de  Wykemere  was  the  second  Gustos  or  Master  of 
Trinity  Hall,  Cambridge,  a  college  founded  in  1350  by  William 
of  Norwich,  Bishop  of  Norwich.  He  was  master  in  1374,  and 
probably  did  not  resign  until  he  obtained  this  preferment.  It  is 
perhaps  worth  observing  that  Simon  de  Sudbury  was  one  of  the 
executors  of  the  Bishop  of  Norwich,  and  interested  in  his 
foundation  at  Cambridge."  It  is  not  impossible  that  this  prelate, 
before  his  violent  death,  may  have  intended  to  confer  the 
deanery  of  the  collegiate  church  of  South  Mailing,  which  was 
in  his  patronage,  on  Master  Adam  as  some  reward  for  his 
exertions  in  governing  the  new  foundation,  and  that  his  in- 
tentions were  respected  by  the  King.  The  very  short  interval 
between  the  archbishop's  death  and  the  date  of  the  present 
instrument  seems  to  favour  this  surmise. 

a  No.  18  is  a  presentation,  or  a  draft  of  one,  for  it  is  without 
date,  by  Ralph  the  abbat  and  the  convent  of  St.  Augustine, 
Canterbury,  '  ad  Romanam  Ecclesiam  nullo  medio  pertinentis,' 
of  Edmund  Andrew,  chaplain,  to  the  vicarage  of  Sturey  (Jiodie 
Sturry). 

u  Ralph  was  abbat  from  1309  to  1334,  and  during  his  tenure 
of  office  there  were  three  occasions  on  which  the  see  was  vacant, 
namely,  in  1313  after  the  death  of  Winchelsey,  in  1327  after 
that  of  Walter  Reynolds,  and  in  the  year  preceding  the  abbat's 
death,  1333.  There  is  reason  to  believe  that  the  present  document 
belongs  to  the  second  period. 

"  The  great  Benedictine  abbey  of  St.  Augustine,  and  the 
smaller  convent  of.  Christ  Church,  belonging  to  the  same  order, 
were  situated  only  a  few  hundred  yards  apart,  and,  as  often 
happens  in  such  cases,  near  neighbourhood  produced  conflicting 
interests,  in  fact  so  great  was  the  mutual  jealousy  that  they  were 
never  at  peace. 

"  So  exalted  in  the  ranks  of  the  order  was  the  monastery  of  St. 
Augustine  that  the  abbat  of  that  house  is  said  to  have  been 
entitled  to  take  his  place  in  solemn  conclaves  next  after  the 
premier  abbat  of  Monte  Cassino. 


108  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

•"  19.  The  last  of  the  series  exhibits  a  picture  in  words  which 
after  the  lapse  of  so  many  years  shows  us  in  still  bright  colours 
the  lordly  prior  weighed  down  by  years  and  sickness  constituting 
his  two  dignified  proctors  to  make  his  excuses  to  the  King.  ^ 

"  Prior  Richard  had  been  summoned,*  as  custos  spiritualitatis 
sede  vacante,  to  attend  the  King  in  Parliament,  at  York,  on  Monday 
next  before  the  feast  of  St.  Peter  in  Cathedra,  February  15, 
1 334.  The  long  journey,  the  unseasonable  time  of  year,  and  his 
own  failing  health,  made  compliance  disagreeable,  perhaps  im- 
possible;  he  therefore  sends  the  Robert  and  Richard  of  the 
document  to  be  his  proxies,  expressing  his  loyalty  and  pleading 
his  infirmities. 

Excellentissimo  principi  et  domino  suo  Domino  Edwardo  dei  gratia  Rex 
Anglie  illustri  domino  Hibernie  et  Duci  Aquitanie  suus  capellanus  humilis 
Eicardus  Prior  ecclesie  Christi  Cantuariensis  custos  spiritualitatis  Archiepisco- 
patus  Cantuariensis  sede  vacante  quicquid  reverentie  poterit  et  honoris.  Testis 
est  michi  qui  abscondita  cordis  novit  quod  in  eo  praecipue  letarer  quo  vestra 
regia  majestas  felicibus  incrementis  succreseret  et  regni  gubernacula  salubriter 
exerceret  et  quia  ad  instans  Parliamentum  vestrum  apud  Eboracum  die  Lune 
proximo  ante  festum  Sancti  Petri  in  Cathedra  proximo  futur'  tenendum  ad- 
versa  valetudine  prout  dilecti  michi  in  Christo  Magistri  Robertus  de  Stratford 
Canonicus  Ecclesias  de  Lincoln  et  Ricardus  de  Chadesle  juris  canonici  professor 
harum  bajuli  vobis  plenius  explicabunt  seu  explicabit  eorum  alter,  impeditus 
personaliter  venire  non  valeo,  quod  grave  gero  et  moleste,  Excellentiam  vestram 
regiam  humiliter  deprecor  quatinus  hiis  que  praifati  magistri  Robertus  et  Ricar- 
dus vobis  dicent  seu  dicet  alter  ipsorum  debite  si  libeat  ponderatis,  absentiam 
meam  excusatam  dictis  die  et  loco  dignetur  habere  vestra  regia  magnitudo.  Ad 
has  autem  meas  literas  excusatorias  vestras  dominationis  aspectibus  presentandas 
eosdem  Magistros  Robertum  et  Ricardum  conjunctim  et  divisirn  ad  .vestram 
presentiam  jam  transmitto.  In  eo  qui  regibus  dat  regnare  vestra  valeat  semper 
celsitudo.  Script'  Cantuariae  nono  die  Februarii. 

"  The  letter,  which  has  been  folded  and  sealed  over  a  slip  of 
parchment  passing  through  slits  cut  in  it,  is  addressed  thus : — 

Excellentissimo  principi  et  Domino  suo  Domino 

Edwardo  dei  gracia  Regi  Anglie  illustri. 
per  suum  Capellanum  Priorem  ecclesie  Christi  Cantuar'. 

and  below  this  line  are  the  numerals  ij,  indicating  that  this  is  a 

duplicate. 

^  "  The  vacancy  was  on  the  death  of  Simon  de  Meopham.    John 

Stratford,    his  successor,    had   restitution   of  the   temporalties 

Feb.  5,  1334,  so  that  in  fact,  at  the  date  of  the  letters,  the 

see  was  no  longer  vacant. 

"  Robert  de  Stratford,  probably  the  person  named  in  the  letter, 

-was  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  at  this  time,  and  as  such  had 

summons    along  with  the  judges  to  the  Parliament  at   York. 

ihe  tact  that  he  was  obliged  personally  to  attend  affords  a  good 

reason  for  his  holding  the  Prior's  proxy. 

*  By  writ  tested  at  Wallingford,  Jan  2,  7  Edw.  III.  (1334). 


March  16.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  109 

"  Thus  we  come  to  the  end  of  the  series  of  MSS.  in  which  we 
have  found  the  prior  taking  the  archbishop's  place,  instituting  a 
vicar,  receiving  presentations  to  benefices  from  two  kings,  two 
earls,  three  knights,  a  lady,  two  sets  of  founders  of  chantries, 
and  other  patrons,  and  we  now  leave  him  making  his  excuses  to 
the  King,  and  lamenting  that  his  weakness  of  body  prevents 
him  from  representing  the  see  of  Canterbury  in  the  council  of 
the  nation.  In  conclusion  I  would  observe  that,  although  in 
the  parcel  of  deeds  exhibited  we  have  perhaps  only  an  accidental 
selection  from  a  much  larger  number  of  presentations  made 
during  successive  vacancies  of  the  metropolitical  see,  yet  that 
the  number  of  these  presentations,  no  less  than  fourteen  occur- 
ring in  the  summer  of  1349,  from  June  to  St.  Bartholomew's 
day  (24th  August),  seems  surprisingly  large,  relating  as  they 
do  to  benefices  in  the  county  of  Kent  alone.  It  may  well  be 
so,  for  from  Michaelmas  1348  to  August  1349  raged  '  the 
Black  Death, '  that  pestilence  which  carried  off  one-fifth  of  the 
people  of  Europe  and  Asia  (some  chroniclers  say  as  much  as  one- 
half),  and  which  destroyed  such  numbers  of  incumbents  of 
benefices  that  for  a  long  time  many  churches  remained  unserved. 
Although  these  MSS.  do  not  indicate  a  mortality  so  grievous  as 
that  quoted  above,  yet  the  proportion  of  fourteen  in  one  year  is 
enough  to  attract  our  attention  even  after  the  lapse  of  nearly 
six  centuries." 

EARL  STANHOPE,  President,  communicated  some  observations 
on  a  probable  allusion  to  the  Christians  in  a  passage  of  the  sixth 
satire  of  Juvenal.  This  communication  will  appear  in  the 
ArchaBologia,  vol.  xliv. 


Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communicati 


ions. 


Thursday,  March  16th,  1871. 
J.  WINTER  JONES,  Esq.  V.P.  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  the  London  Institution  : — Journal.     No.  3.     Vol.  i.     8ro.     London,  1871. 

From  the  Author  :— A  History  of  the  Weald  of  Kent.  By  Robert  Furley,  F.S.  A. 
Also  a  sketch  of  the  Physical  Features  of  the  District.  By  Henry  B.  Macke- 
son,  F.G.S.  In  two  volumes.  Vol.  i.  8vo.  Ashford  and  London,  1871. 

From  J.  G.  Fanshawe,  Esq.  : — Notes,  Genealogical  and  Historical,  of  the  Fan- 
shawe  Family.  No.  4.  Fanshaw  Wills.  Parti.  4to.  London,  1871. 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [187f, 

From  the  Author,  the  Rev.  Edmund  F.  Slafter,  A.M.  :— 

1    Discourse    delivered    before    the   New  England  Historic   Genealogical 

Society,  March  18,  1870.     8vo.     Boston,  1870. 

2.  The  Vermont  Coinage.     From  vol.  i.  of  the  Collections  of  the  Vermont 

Historical  Society,     8vo.     Montpelier,  Vt.  1870. 
From  the  Author  :— The  Income  Tax  :  its  extension  at  the  present  rate  proposed 

to  all  classes.     By  William  Kay  Smee.     Second  edition.     8vo.     London, 

[1846]. 
From  the  London  and  Middlesex  Archaeological  Society  :—  Proceedings.    Session 

1870.     8vo.     London,  1871. 

The  following  Resolution,  passed  at  a  meeting  of  the  Council, 
held  February  21st,  1871,  C.  S.  Perceval,  Esq.  LL.D.  Director, 
in  the  Chair,  was  then  read  : — 

In  conformity  with  the  Statutes,  chapter  xix,  the  President  and  Council  give 
notice  that  at  the  next  meeting,  Monday,  April  24,  1871,  they  propose  to  submit 
for  ballot  the  following  additions  to  and  alterations  in  the  Statutes  :— 

First,— That  a  Chapter  be  added  as  under  : 

"  CHAPTER  XIX. 
"  Of  Dividends  or  other  like  Benefits  to  Fellows. 

"  The  Society  shall  not  and  may  not  make  any  dividend,  gift,  division,  or 
bonus  in  money  unto  or  between  any  of  its  Fellows  or  Members." 

Secondly,— That  the  Chapter  entitled  : — 

"  Of  the  Making,  Altering  and  Eepealing  of  Statutes,  which  now  bears  the 
number  XIX.  be  henceforth  numbered  XX." 

T.  KER  LYNCH,  Esq.  exhibited  a  collection  of  Photographs  of 
Georgian  churches  and  other  buildings  from  Tor toum,  a  district 
of  the  old  Armenian  province  of  Taik. 

WILLIAM  TAYLER,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  a  large  fragment  of 
a  Mirror  Case  of  carved  ivory  of  the  fourteenth  century,  the 
subject  of  the  carvings,  taken  probably  from  some  romance, 
being  the  adventure  of  some  Christian  knights  who  have  been 
surprised  sleeping  by  a  party  of  Saracens,  who  are  seen  riding 
away  in  the  upper  part  of  the  fragment.  This  admirable 
specimen  of  mediaeval  humorous  art  has  been  figured,  not  very 
satisfactorily,  in  the  Journal  of  the  ArchaBological  Association, 
vi.  123. 

In  the  accompanying  paper  descriptive  of  this  ivory,  some  stress 
is  laid  on  the  supposed  fact  that  the  knights,  whose  defences  are 
almost'  entirely  of  mail,  are  represented  as  wearing  each  a  single 
prick-spur,  a  fashion  which  is  stated  to  have  been  observed 
elsewhere.*  On  a  careful  examination,  however,  of  the  carving, 
it  appears  more  than  doubtful  whether  the  artist  intended 
to  convey  any  such  meaning,  as  it  was  extremely  difficult, 

*  For  a  good  collection  of  examples  of  the  prick-spur  see  a  paper  by  J.  James, 
Esq.  F.S.A.  in  Journ.  Arch.  Ass.  xii.  209.  The  writer  does  not  take  the  view 
noticed  in  the  text  as  to  the  wearing  of  a  single  spur. 


March  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  Ill 

from  the  much  crowded  grouping  of  the  knights,  to  say  to  which 
particular  figure  the  interior  legs,  those  in  the  lowest  relief, 
were  intended  to  belong.  The  knights  are  represented  in  various 
stages  of  arming,  and  all  have  not  buckled  on  their  spurs  to  the 
leg  nearest  the  spectator. 

The  concluding  portion  of  Mr.  BLACK'S  paper  on  an  unnoticed 
Expedition  of  the  Emperor  Augustus  into  Britain  was  read. 

WALTER  DE  GRAY  BIRCH,  Esq.  communicated  a  memoir  on 
certain  Leaden  Tablets,  containing  inscriptions  in  Latin  and  early 
Italian,  preserved  in  the  manuscript  department  of  the  British 
Museum.  This  memoir  will  be  printed  in  the  Archasologia. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communications. 


Thursday,  March  23rd,  1871. 
FREDERIC  OUVRY,  Esq.  Treasurer,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  the  Royal  Society  : — Proceedings.     Vol.  xix.     No.  126.     Svo.     London, 
1871. 

From  the  Author,  W.  T.  A.  Eadford,  B.A.  Rector  of  Down  S.  Mary,  Exeter  : — 

1.  What  style  ought  we  to  employ  in  additions  to  old  Work  ?  A  Paper  read 
at  the  Exeter  Diocesan  Architectural  Society,  Nov.  3, 1870. 

2.  Remarks  on  the  Restoration  of  our  Cathedral.     A  Letter  to  G.  G.  Scott, 
Esq.     Both  Svo.     Exeter  and  London,  1871. 

From  the  Author,  M.  H.  Bloxam,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Loc.  Sec.  S.A.  Warwickshire  : — 

1.  Die  mittelalterliche  Kirchen-Baukunst  in  England.     Yon  M.  H.  Bloxam. 
Svo.     Leipsic  [1845].     (Edited  by  Dr.  Emrich  Henzlmann.) 

2.  Report  of  Proceedings  at  Lutterwortli  of  the  Leicestershire  Architectural 
and  Archaeological  .Society.     Compiled  by  Thomas  North.     Svo.     Leicester, 
1861. 

3.  On  some  Discoveries  made  in  the  Progress  of  the  Restoration  of  Lutter- 
worth  Church.     8vo.     1868. 

4.  From  the  Proceedings  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  March  11,  1869. 
(Remarks  on  Sepulchral  Effigies  from  West  Leake  Church,  co.  Nottingham, 
and  Hillmorton  Church,  co.  Warwick.)     8vo. 

5.  On  the  Sepulchral  Effigy  of  Archbishop  Sandys  in  the  Minster  Church, 
Southwell,  Nottinghamshire.     Svo.     [1869.] 

6.  On  the   Sepulchral   Effigios   in   Bottesford  Church,   Leicestershire.     A 


112  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

Description  given  to  the  Leicestershire  Architectural  and  Archaeological 
Society,  24th  June,  1869.  8vo. 

From  the  Author  :— A  Book  of  Memories  of  Great  Men  and  Women  of  the  Age, 
from  personal  acquaintance.  By  S.  C.  Hall,  F.S.A.  etc.  4to.  London, 
1871. 

From  the  Author,  W.  H.  Black,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :— A  Latin  Epistle  to  Earl  Stan- 
hope, P.S.A.  on  his  recent  Communication  relating  to  a  passage  in  the  Sixth 
Satire  of  Juvenal.  8vo.  London,  1871. 

Notice  was  given  of  the  Ballot  for  the  election  of  Fellows  on 
Thursday,  March  30,  and  a  list  was  read  of  the  Candidates  to 
be  balloted  for. 

The  Rev.  C.  W.  BINGHAM,  Local  Secretary  for  Dorsetshire, 
communicated  in  a  letter  to  the  Secretary  the  following  account 
of  discoveries  in  a  barrow  near  Dorchester  : 

"  1  was  asked  the  other  day  to  come  to  a  place  called  Phish 
Down,  about  four  miles  from  hence  to  the  westward,  where  a 
large  barrow  had  been  opened,  in  order  to  fill  up  a  pit,  and 
some  urns  had  been  discovered.  I  rode  over  at  once,  and  found 
that  the  barrow  was  one  pretty  clearly  indicated  on  Mr.  Warne's 
map,  and,  indeed,  on  the  Ordnance  map.  Like  another  very 
large  barrow  on  a  high  point  near  this,  it  seems  to  have  borne 
the  name  of  Bulbarrow,  thus  confirming  the  notion  that,  like  the 
Greek  fiov ,  the  prefix  <  Bull '  is  intended  to  express  hugeness. 

u  It  was  very  much  broken  up  before  I  saw  it,  but  I  made 
out  that  it  must  have  been  some  twenty  yards  in  diameter.  The 
barrow  when  I  saw  it  was,  so  to  speak,  thoroughly  skinned,  all 
the  earth  from  the  top  of  it  removed,  and  even  many  of  the 
flints  of  which  the  centre  consisted  carted  away.  The  top  may 
have  been,  as  well  as  I  can  guess,  about  eight  or  nine  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  down.  The  interments  appear  to  have  been  at 
the  distance  of  some  two  feet  from  each  other,  not  occupying 
the  whole  area,  but  principally  at  least  in  the  segment  of  a 
circle,  concentric  with  the  entire  mound,  and  on  the  western 
side.  Of  course,  however,  the  centre  and  the  opposite  side 
might  have  been  rifled  before. 

"  When  I  arrived  at  the  spot  there  were  fragments  of  some 
twenty  urns  collected,  of  various  sizes,  a  few  having  been 
inverted,  and  all  either  containing,  or  in  close  proximity  to, 
calcined  bones.  I  send  a  sketch  of  the  few  whose  shape  was 
recognisable.  The  third  I  was  fortunate  enough  to  take  out 
myself  with  more  care,  I  fancy,  than  had  been  generally  used 
in  their  disinterment. 

"  Generally  speaking  they  were  of  the  rudest  unbaked  clay, 
but  there  were  some  few  fragments  of  red  baked  pottery. 


March  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUAKIES.  113 

"  I  could  neither  see  nor  hear  of  any  implements  or  orna- 
ments of  any  kind.  A  large  molar  of  a  horse  was  the  only 
thing  I  could  discover,  except  the  human  bones,  &c.  above-men- 
tioned." 

Mr.  Bingham's  sketch  comprised  a  large  urn  with  bulging 
sides  and  nearly  straight  neck,  14  inches  high  and  8  wide  at  the 
top;  one  vessel  13  inches  high,  9  inches  wide  at  the  top,  with 
straight  sides  tapering  downwards  ;  one  barrel-shaped,  9  inches 
high  and  7  inches  wide  at  the  top,  ornamented  with  concentric 
horizontal  lines,  and  a  row  of  dots  just  below  the  widest  diameter ; 
an  urn  of  semi- globular  form,  with  vestiges  of  a  slightly-spreading 
neck,  7  inches  high;  a  small  vessel  (fragmentary),  6J  inches 
high,  with  a  band  of  thumb-nail  marks  round  the  top,  and  an 
ear  below  this  ;  a  fragment  of  the  upper  part  of  an  urn,  with  a 
chevronny  pattern  formed  by  incised  lines  ;  and,  lastly,  of  a 
fragment  of  a  large  urn  covered  with  rude  bands  of  thumb-nail 
pattern.* 

Colonel  A.  H.   LANE  Fox,  F.S.A.  exhibited  a  very  singular 


FLINT  IMPLEMENT  FROM  THE  ISLE  OF  WIGHT. 

Flint  Implement  (which  is  here  figured  reduced  one -half),  stated 

*  The  name  of  the  spot  where  these  objects  were  found  is  Plush  Down,  not 
Phish  Down,  as  printed  on  page  112.  The  error  was  not  noticed  until  after  the 
sheet  had  gone  to  press. 

VOL.  V.  I 


114  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

to  have  been  found  in  the  Isle  of  Wight  several  years  ago,  either 
on  Ashey  Down,  near  Brading,  or,  according  to  another  account, 
near  Ventnor.  It  has  been  preserved  for  about  twenty  years  in 
the  Ryde  Museum,  previous  to  which  time  it  was  in  the 
possession  of  the  late  Dr.  Martin  of  Ventnor. 

No  further  particulars  than  these  could  be  ascertained '  by  a 
gentleman  (Mr.  Hodder  M.  Westropp)  residing  at  Ventnor,  who 
kindly  took  considerable  pains  to  endeavour  to  learn  more. 
The  specimen  exhibits  the  characteristics  of  the  flint  of  the 
Isle  of  Wight,  a  circumstance  which  negatives  the  idea  that 
the  implement  might  be  of  foreign  origin. 

M.  H.  BLOXAM,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary  for  Warwick- 
shire, exhibited : — 

1.  A  copper  thurible  and  cover,  nine  inches  high,  hexagonal 
in  plan,  with  turrets  at  the  angle,  fourteenth  century. 

2.  Cover  of  a  copper  thurible  of  the  same  period  and  similar 
but  less  elaborate  design,  with  the  legend  u  Gloria  tibi  Domine  " 
engraved  round  the  base.     Found,  some  years  ago,  in  a  chest 
in  Ashbury  Church,  Berks.* 

The  Rev.  ASSHETON  POWNALL,  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary 
for  Leicestershire,  exhibited  a  Phial  of  Glass  which  was 
found  at  Lutterwortb,  in  that  county,  under  the  circum- 
stances detailed  in  the  following  communication. 

Mr.  Pownall  also  exhibited  a  vessel  of  bronze  or  brass,  to 
which  he  referred  in  his  paper,  and  which  is  figured  lower 
down. 

"  At  a  meeting  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  on  the  5th  of 
April,  1869,  I  exhibited  a  glass  vessel  which  had  recently  been 
found  among  the  stone  foundations  of  the  parish  church  of 
South  Kilworth,  Leicestershire  ;  and  a  description  of  the  vessel, 
together  with  a  short  account  of  the  circumstances  of  the  find, 
appeared  subsequently  in  the  Society's  Proceedings.!  Various 
conjectures  were  offered  at  the  time,  as  to  the  probable  use  of 
the^vessel  itself,  and  of  the  causes  which  led  to  its  being  de- 
posited in  the  foundation  of  a  fourteenth  century  chancel.  None 
appeared  of  much  weight,  or  capable  of  proof,  and  two  Fellows 
of  the  Society,  whose  opinion  would  have  influenced  us  all, 
frankly  confessed  their  inability  to  express  any  decided  opinion 
on  the  matter.  For  the  moment,  therefore,  the  whole  subject 
dropped,  and  in  the  entire  absence  of  mediaeval  glass,  in  utensil 

*  See  Archaiologia,x\.  402.  For  a  notice  of  these  Instrumenta  Ecolesiastica, 
referring  to  a  large  number  of  examples,  see  Journ.  Arch.  Assoc.  xix.  81. 
t  Proceedings,  2  S.  iv.  284. 


March  23.1 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES, 


115 


form — glass  vessels  which  with  certainty  can  be  assigned  to  the 
Middle  Age — a  reluctance  to  express  any  decided  opinion  was 
not,  perhaps,  unreasonable.  That  glass  vessels  were  used  in 
those  days,  for  special  church  purposes,  was  perfectly  well 
known,  through  the  inventories  of  church  goods  which  have 
come  down  to  us ;  nay,  it  was  not  outside  the  bounds  of  pro- 
bability to  suppose  that  such  pieces  have  likewise  come  down  to 
our  times,  and  are  existing  unrecognised  in  modern  collections ; 
but  no  antiquary  till  now  has  been  able  to  lay  his  hand  on  any 
particular  piece,  and  say  "  this  is  glass  of  the  thirteenth  or 
fourteenth  or  fifteenth  century."  I  believe  the  earliest  English 
glass  (excluding,  of  course,  church  window  glass)  to  which  a 
date  can  be  assigned  lies  in  the  Jermyn  Street  Museum,  and 
goes  back  no  further  than  the  time  of  Charles  II. 

"  This  fact  invested  with  some  interest,  if  not  importance,  the 
discovery  at  ^South  Kil worth  ;  because  the  object  discovered 
appeared  before  us  as  an  unique  specimen  of  the  vitreous  art  of 
a  particular  period ;  as  much  as  those  very  curious  examples  of 
it  from  Nineveh,  now  in  the  British  Museum,  represent  all  we 
knowr  of  glass  belonging  to  the  ancient  Assyrians. 

"  I  have  now  to  announce  a  further  discovery  of  the  same  kind. 


GLASS  PHIAL  FROM  LUTTERWORTH. 

In  the  course  of  last  summer,   in   consequence  -of  my  bavin 

i  2  J 


116  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

printed  an  account  of  the  discovery  of  the  bottle  at  So'uth  Kil- 
worth  in  a  local  publication,  I  was  informed  that  two  glass  bottles 
had  been  found,  during  the  work  of  restoration  at  the  parish 
church  of  Lutterworth  (a  market  town  within  five  miles  of  South 
Kil worth),  and  at  some  time  during  the  years  1867-68.  At  first 
the  attempt  to  get  further  particulars  was  not  successful.  Two. 
bottles  had  certainly  been  found,  but  they  were  lying  unnoticed 
for  so  long  a  time  in  a  chest  or  cupboard  in  the  vestry,  that  one 
only  have  I  succeeded  in  recovering.  It  is  exhibited  this  even- 
ing (see  the  woodcut,  p.  11 5,  representing  the  phial  fromXutter- 
worth,  to  a  scale  ^  linear,  with  the  bottom  of  the  actual  size, 
to  show  the  peculiarity  of  the  manufacture),  together  with 
that  which  was  discovered  at  South  Kilworth.  On  com- 
paring the  two  together  it  will  be  seen  that  they  are  alike 
in  shape  and  size,  excepting  a  very  trifling  difference  of 
form  at  the  base,  and  that  the  one  last  found  is  quite  perfect. 
The  two  phials  evidently  belong  to  the  same  period  and  the 
same  manufacture.  After  obtaining  possession  of  the  glass, 
No.  2,  I  wrote  to  Mr.  E.  C.  Morgan,  who  at  the  restoration  of 
Lutterworth  church  was  employed  as  clerk  of  the  works,  and 
from  him  I  had  the  satisfaction  of  receiving  the  following 
letter :- 

Bangor  Cathedral,  February  14th. 
Rev.  Sir, 

I  received  a  note  yesterday  from  Mr.  Tomlinson  desiring  me  to  describe 
to  you  the  position  in  which  we  found  a  very  antique  bottle  containing'  the  oil  of 
origanum  (or  described  to  be  the  oil  of  origanum  by  Mr.  Gulliver,  chemist  at 
Lutterworth).  The  bottle  was  rather  more  than  half  full,  and  its  contents  were 
very  little  injured,  and  it  smelt  nearly  as  strongly  as  the  same  kind  of  oil  in  the 
chemist's  shop.  The  bottle  was  found  in  the  foundation  of  the  west  wall  of  the 
north  aisle  of  Lutterworth  Church.  The  foundation  was  composed  of  stone  and 
earth,  instead  of  mortar,  and,  the  bottle  was  nearly  at  the  outside,  as  in  rough 
sketch. — I  am,  &c. 

E.  C.  MORGAN,  Clerk  of  Works. 

Concerning  the  find  itself  little  more  remains  to  be  said  ;  the 
phial  no  longer  contains  the  oil,  but  its  scent  is  still  very  per- 
ceptible; and  with  regard  to  the  missing  one,  from  the  descrip- 
tion I  have  had  of  it,  the  shape  must  have  been  rather  more 
globular  than  that  which  we  see  this  to  have. 

Now,  just  about  the  same  time  that  these  glass  ampulla  were 
being  found  at  Lutterworth  and  South  Kilworth,  another  church 
in  the  county  of  Leicester,  that  of  Peckleton,  was  under  repair, 
and  in  the  soil  of  the  churchyard  there  the  brazen  vessel  was  dis- 
covered to  which  I  desire  also  to  direct  attention  at  the  present 
moment.  It  appears  that  the  house  of  the  churchwarden  in  that 
parish  overlooks  the  churchyard  ;  and  this  official,  one  day,  while 
the  work  was  in  progress,  espied  from  his  window  one  of  the 
labourers  stooping  to  examine  more  attentively  some  object  in 


March  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  117 

his  hand.     To  run  out  and  claim  the  "  treasure  trove  "  was  the 
work  of  an  instant.     It  was  this  brazen  vessel  (see  woodcut,  half 


VESSEL  OF  BRASS  FEOM  PECKLETON. 

the  actual  size)  full  of  a  whitish-coloured  substance  like  ointment, 
or  consolidated  oil.  Most  unfortunately  the  churchwarden  took 
it  into  his  head  to  get  rid  of  this  substance,  whatever  it  was, 
under  the  idea  it  might  be  poisonous ;  and  accordingly  the 
brass  was  submitted  to  a  good  cleansing,  and  its  contents  dis- 
appeared altogether. 

Here,  then,  are  two  different  mediaeval  vessels,  both  found 
containing  oil,  or  oily  matter ;  it  is  an  open  question  what 
purpose  they  once  served  in  the  ancient  times  of  the  Church. 

In  this  inquiry  I  have  had  the  advantage  of  some  assistance 
from  Mr.  Matthew  Bloxam,  a  Fellow  of  this  Society,  and  to  his 
kindness  am  I  indebted  for  several  of  the  extracts  from  books 
given  in  the  notes  below.  After  some  hesitation.  Mr.  Bloxam 
agreed  with  me  in  thinking  that  this  brazen  vessel,  which  he 
assigns  to  the  fifteenth  century,  might  have  been  used  to  contain 
one  of  the  three  sacred  oils  of  the  Church,  namely,  the  oleum 
catechumenorum,  the  chrism,  and  the  oleum  infinnorum,  used  in 
extreme  unction. 

It  has  been  objected  to  this  view  that  the  usual  receptacle 
for  these  oils,  called  a  chrismatory,  was  a  little  box  or  case,  with 
three  compartments,*  while  the  Peckleton  vessel  is  not  so  divided. 

*  In  England  these  vessels  were  so  generally  destroyed  at  the  Reformation 
that  very  few  authentic  examples  remain.  For  the  form  of  the  chrismatory  with 
three  divisions  in  the  fifteenth  century,  see  Strutt,  Horda  Angelcynnan,  vol.  ii. 
pi.  58,  taken  from  an  illumination  in  John  Rous's  Life  of  Richard  Beauchamp, 
Earl  of  Warwick,  where  a  priest  is  administering  extreme  unction  to  the  earl. 
Mr.  Bloxam  tells  me  that  about  forty  years  ago  a  metal  chrismatory,  also  with 


118  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

That  such  a  box  with  three  divisions  was  commonly  employed 
to  contain  the  small  quantity  of  each  oil  needed  for  immediate 
use  is  indisputable ;  but  was  it  so  always  ?  And  to  preserve 
the  bulk  of  the  sacred  oils  consecrated  only  once  a  year,  would 
not  larger  receptacles  sometimes  be  required  ?  Great  stress  was 
ever  laid  on  the  oils  being  kept  in  distinct  vessels,  and  indeed 
the  oleum  infirmorum  seems  to  have  been  directed  to  be  pre- 
served in  a  different  part  of  the  church  from  that  where  the 
other  two  remained.* 

While  hazarding  this  opinion,  the  worth  of  which  will  be 
determined  by  others,  it  is  proper  that  another  should  be  named 
which,  I  believe,  has  likewise  found  favour.  It  was  thought' 
that  this  metal  vasculum  may  formerly  have  been  a  receptacle 
for  the  entombment  of  an  embalmed  human  heart ;  and  the  dis- 
covery on  the  same  spot  of  a  leaden  "  bulla  "  of  Pope  Clement  VI. 
(1342)  may  perhaps  be  felt  to  impart  some  probability  to  the 
idea. 

But  what  are  we  to  believe  about  these  two  ampullae  of  glass  ? 
The  chrismatory  (meaning  thereby  the  box  to  contain  the  three, 
or  sometimes  possibly  two,  oils)  was  almost  always  of  metal, 
from  silver-gilt  down  to  tin  and  pewter. f  There  is  no  evidence 
to  show  when  the  fashion  of  fitting  glass  phials}  commenced. 
The  English  inventories  of  the  Tudor  period  certainly  mention 
no  such  glass  receptacles ;  but  this  is  inconclusive,  because  these 
lists  of  church  goods  were  made  chiefly  for  the  purpose  of  valua- 
tion ;  and  for  sale,  the  phials,  if  any,  would  have  been  worthless. 
At  all  events  the  Lutterworth  and  South  Kil worth  phials  seem 
both  too  large  and  of  unsuitable  shape  for  insertion  in  the  cells 
of  a  small  portable  box.  We  may  therefore  dismiss  the  notion 
that  they  formed  part  of  a  chrismatory. 

the  three  divisions,  considered  to  be  of  fourteenth  century  work,  was  found  upon 
the  wall-plate  of  St.  Martin's  church,  Canterbury.  Those  who  found  it  took  it 
for  an  old  inkstand.  From  a  somewhat  scarce  work  he  gives  me  also  the  follow- 
ing quotation  : — 

"  Quand  il  faut  donner  Pextreme  onction  a  un  malade,  pour  cet  effet  il  faut 
avoir  une  boe'te  de  fer  blanc,  quasi  de  la  facon  qn'on  en  fait  pour  les  pelerins,  qui 
y  mettent  leur  lettres  d'attestation,  etc.  Et  y  fuire  3  separations  par  le  dedans, 
pour  y  mettre  3  phioles  de  verrez  carrez,  afin  d'y  mettre  les  sainctes  Huiles 
dedans." — Le  parfaict  Ecclesiastique,  ou  Diverses  Instructions  sur  toutes  les 
fonctions  clericales.  Paris,  1866. 

*  See  as  to  this  a  canon  of  a  council  of  Meaux,  given  by  Burchard,  iv.  76, 
and  Ivo,  pars  la,  cap.  268.  And  for  an  account  of  the  hallowing  of  the  holy 
oils,  see  Dr.  Bock,  Church  of  our  Fathers,  vol.  iii. 

t  Silver  parcel-gilt  "  for  oil  and  cream  "  (chrism)  at  Long  Melford,  Suffolk, 


goods  at  Ely,  taken  at  the  dissolution  of  that  monastery. 

%  Such  as  were  used  in  France  in  the  seventeenth  century.     (See  previous 


March  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  119 

I  think  that  we  can  point  to  a  more  probable  use.  Among 
the  inventories  of  goods,  given  by  Sir  Thomas  Cumberworth, 
Knt.,  to  the  chapel  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  in  Somerby  church, 
A.D.  1440,  there  is  this  item,  at  page  183  of  Peacock  on  Church 
Furniture : 

"  A  litle  thing  made  of  syluer  and  guilt  to  put  relikes  in,  with 
a  litle  Crosse  therein  of  gold  and  a  pece  of  the  Cross  therein, 
and  St.  Catherines  oyle  in  a  glass,  and  other  relikes  beside." 

Again,  in  a  list  of  the  relics  belonging  to  the  shrine  of  St. 
Cuthbert,  at  Durham  (liaine's  St.  Cuthbert,  page  125),  occur 
the  following  items : 

66  Item  a  thorn  of  the  Crown  ....  the  gift  of  Thomas  de 
Hatfield,  Lord  Bishop  of  Durham,  in  a  vial,  inclosed  in  a  case 
of  leather. 

a  Item  a  portion  of  the  flesh  of  St.  Oswin  the  King  and 
Martyr,  in  atvial  of  crystal,  with  a  gilt  pedestal. 

u  Item  an  ivory  casket,  with  the  oil  of  St.  Katherine  in  two 
glass  vials,  and  with  the  oil  of  St.  Nicholas  in  a  glass  vial  of 
St.  Mertin. 

"  Item  an  ivory  casket,  with  the  oil  of  St.  Katherine,  St. 
Nicholas,  and  St.  Mary  of  Sardinia." 

Whatever  doubt  may  rest  on  the  possible  use  to  which  the 
vessel  found  at  Peckleton  was  assigned  in  former  times,  may 
we  not  rightly  believe  that  the  extracts  given  above  point  to  the 
probable  use  of  these  more  fragile  vessels,  and  allow  us  to  regard 
them  as  receptacles  of  relics,  objects  consecrated  in  the  religious 
thought  of  that  day  by  association  with  one  of  the  saints  ? 
What  the  oil  of  St.  Katherine  was  appears  from  a  note  in 
Mr.  Peacock's  book  (page  183),  quoted  from  Sir  John  Mande- 
ville  (edit.  1727,  pp.  71-73).  After  the  murder  of  St.  Cathe- 
rine her  body  was  believed  to  have  been  borne  by  the  angels  to 
a  sepulchre  prepared  for  it  on  Mount  Sinai.  The  church  built 
there  was  long  a  notable  place  for  pilgrims. 

u  Beside  the  high  altar,  three  degrees  of  height,  is  the  feretory 
of  alabaster,  where  the  bones  of  St.  Katherine  lie,  and  the  pre- 
late of  the  monks  sheweth  the  relics  to  the  pilgrims.  And  with 
an  instrument  of  silver  he  froteth  (rubs)  the  bones,  and  there 
goeth  out  a  little  oil,  as  though  it  were  a  manner  sweating,  that 
is  neither  like  to  oil  nor  to  balm,  but  it  is  full  sweet  of  smell, 
and  of  that  they  give  a  little  to  the  pilgrims,  for  there  goeth  out 
but  little  quantity  of  the  liquor,"  &c.  &c.  &c. 

Mr.  Peacock  adds  that  the  relics  of  St.  Valburgis,  St.  Deme- 
trius, and  St.  Nicholas  were  believed  to  have  a  similar  property 
of  exuding  a  miraculous  oil.  The  relic  treasures  of  Aachen, 
Koln,  Douai,,  and  Tournai  contained  each  a  phial  of  St.  Cathe- 
rine's oil  until  the  period  of  the  French  devolution. 


120  PROCEEDINGS  OP  THE  [1871, 

HereJ  then,  we  have  distinct  proof  of  the  use  of  glass^ phials,  of 
the  special  purpose  to  which  they  were  put,  and  mention  made 
of  the  particular  saints  whose  remains  were  imagined  to  give 
out  a  sacred  oil.  Among  them  occur  the  names  of  St.  Mary 
and  St.  Nicholas.  When  I  add  that  the  dedication  of  the  church 
at  South  Kilworth  was  to  one  of  these  two,  and  that  of  Lutter- 
worth  to  the  other,  a  link  worth  noting  has  been  added  to  pur 
chain  of  evidence.  Have  we  not  now  some  ground  for  assuming 
that  the  purpose  to  which  these  phials  were  devoted  in  former 
days  is  by  these  things  indicated  ? 

Another  question  remains  for  consideration.  Discovered  in 
the  foundations  of  the  church,  are  we  to  suppose  .they  were 
placed  there  at  the  time  those  foundations  were  laid,  or  at  some 
period  subsequently  ?  The  custom  which  exists  now  of  placing 
glass  vessels  containing  coin  and  records  under  the  corner  stone 
of  a  new  building,  as  one  form  of  dedication,  and  for  the  pur- 
pose of  dating  it,  may  suggest  the  idea  that  the  phials  in  ques- 
tion once  served  a  similar  purpose  in  the  fourteenth  century ; 
but  it  is  an  idea  which  cannot  stand  unsupported  by  testimony,  and 
we  have  found  none.  True,  a  kindred  practice  prevailed,  but  we 
have  distinct  knowledge  as  to  a  difference  in  an  important  par- 
ticular. These  phials  were  found,  one  at  the  west  end  of  the 
north  aisle,  the  other  among  the  rubble  stone-work  of  the  east 
chancel  wall.  Now,  whenever  at  the  dedication  of  a  church,  in 
ancient  times,  the  consecrated  wafer  or  the  relics  of  the  saint 
were  deposited,  they  wer<?  invariably  deposited  beneath  the  altar. 
More  than  this ;  the  exact  situation  of  the  Lutterworth  phial  has 
been  pointed  out  by  Mr.  Morgan's  letter,  and  that  position  was 
outside  the  building ;  a  position  little  likely  to  be  chosen,  unless 
the  deposit  had  to  be  made  quickly  and  with  secresy,  as  I  con- 
ceive this  to  have  been.  For  this  fact,  taken  in  connection  with 
that  which  has  gone  before,  inclines  me  to  believe  it  was  in  a 
period  subsequent  to  the  foundation  of  the  church  itself  that  we 
must  look  for  the  date  of  these  deposits.  In  the  days  when 
"  the  cresmatory,  the  crewetes,  the  pax,  the  lytle  sackering 
bell,  with  the  graile,  were  defaced  and  mad  away ;"  -when  the 
rood  loft  was  taken  down  and  put  to  profane  use ;  when  "  the 
altar  stones,  defacid,"  were  "  laid  in  high  waies,  serving  as 
bridges  for  sheepe  and  cattal;"  when  the  cross  itself  was  taken 
down  and  "  sold  to  a  tinker  "  (Peacock,  Church  Furniture, 
passim}\  then  were  some  men's  minds  unquestionably  revolting 
from  acts  horridly  sacrilegious  in  their  eyes,  and,  under  the 
influence  of  a  wish  to  save  some  long-prized  relic  of  the  church 
from  similar  desecration,  we  may  believe  these  two  phials  were 
placed  beneath  the  ground.  Stowed  away  in  the  consecrated 
earth  of  these  two  nearly  contiguous  churchyards, — one  act  of 


March  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  121 

reverent  care  probably  suggesting  the  other,  they  might  be 
considered  safe  under  the  soil,  until  Protesting  zeal  relaxed 
and  ancient  feelings  were  revived.  So,  I  think,  the  hider  of 
them  thought ;  though  the  expectation  of  pious  hope,  like  his, 
affecting  Reformer  and  Anti-reformer  alike,  was  never  realised, 
"  caecis  visus,  timidis  quies."* 

J.  J.  HOWARD,  Esq.  LL.D.  F.S.A.  exhibited,  by  permission 
of  the  mayor  and  corporation  of  Coventry,  an  Inventory  of  Pro- 
perty belonging  to  the  Gild  of  the  Holy  Trinity  of  that  city, 
made  in  1442.  It  was  clearly  written  on  a  long  roll  of  vellum, 
about  eight  inches  wide,  with  the  left  margin  cut  in  a  wavy  line 
(by  way  of  indenture).  The  text  of  this  interesting  record  of 
mediseval  manners  is  here  printed,  the  contractions  having  been 
extended. 

INVENTORIUM  factum  die  Veneris  post  Festum  Sancte  Lucie 
Virginia  Anno  Regis  Henrici  Sexti  post  conquestum  xx° 
inter  Thomam  Wildgrice  magistrum  Gilde  Sancte  Trinitatis 
Coventrie  et  Willelmum  Baryntone  Officiarium  dicte  Gilde 
custodientem  Jocalia  dicte  Gilde  subscripta. 

In  primis  unum  dorsour  lyned  with  Canvas  of  Arras  Werk  of  hawkyng.  Item 
ij  bankers  lyned  with  Canvas  of  Cowchid  Werke  moghteten.f  Item  vj  quis- 
shenes  with  Oliphantes  J  in  rede  and  grene.  Item  xij  quisshenes  of  cowchid 
werke  with  wrethes,  and  a  Reson  in  the  wrethe.  Item  vj  quisshenes  with  ymages 
of  men  and  damselles.  Item  vj  quisshenes  of  rede  and  grene,  old  and  moght- 
eten. 

IN  DOMO  CONSILII. 

In  primis  unum  Countour  coopertum  cum  panuo  viridi.  Item  ij  bankers 
rubii  et  viridis  coloris.  Item  rubium  Registrum  de  pergamino  scriptum  cum 
nominibus  fratrum  et  sororum  qui  fines  suos  persolverunt  Gilde.  Item  unum  aliud 
Registrum  de  papiro.  Item  unum  aliud  Registrum  coopertum  cum  correo§  nigro 
pro  introductione  nominum  novorumfratrumet  sororum.  Item  unum  Incausterium|| 
de  pewter.  Item  una  tabula  pendens  in  qua  continetur  redditus  lampadis  pendentis 
coram  cruce  in  Ecclesia  Sancti  Michaelis.  Item  unum  librum  pro  juramento 
fratrum  ad  eorum  introitum  et  ij  kalende  in  eodem  libro. 


*  This  legend  appears  on  a  medallion  of  Queen  Mary  (Tudor),  issued,  it  has 
been  said,  on  the  temporary  reconciliation  of  the  English  nation  with  the  Church 
of  Rome. 

f  "Cowchid  werke"  would  seem  to  be  either  that  kind  of  embroidery  in  which 
the  pattern  is  formed  by  sewing  down  a  series  of  braids  or  threads,  or  else  the 
same  thing  as  "  cut  work,"  known  at  the  present  day  by  the  French  term  applique, 
where  embroidered  pieces  of  another  material  are  laid  down  on  the  fabric  to  be 
ornamented.  Moqliteten  is  for  moth-eaten.  Mo\V"3TE  clothwyrme,  Prompt. 
Parv.  ;  and  so  also  Wycliffe,  St.  Luke  xii.  33. 

t  An  elephant  appears  on  the  City  seal.     See  Proceedings,  2  S.  iv.  156. 

§  Sic  pro  corio. 

||  A  pewter  inkstand.  Erom  the  Gr.t<y*avfrov  comes  Encaustum,o?  Incaustum 
(sometimes  Incaustrum),  having  in  Low  Latin  the  meaning  of  Ink :  whence  the 
Ital.  1-ncMostro,  Er.  Uncrc,  and  the  English  word. 


122 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 


IN  TRESORARIA. 


In  primis  una  pixis  ferro  ligata  in  qua  ponitur  sigillum  commune  cum  diversis 
ceris  et  clavibus  Item  una  cista  vocata  Flaundrez  Gofer  in  qua  ponuntur  Jocalia 
Gilde  Item  alia  Cista  ferro  ligata  in  qua  continentur  munimenta  tangencia  ad 
maioralitatem  et  communitatem  ville  Item  due  alie  ciste  in  quibus  ponitur  le 
napery  Item  alia  parva  cista  vocata  Flaundrez  Gofer  ferro  ligata  cujus  clavem 
magister  Gilde  habet.  Item  una  longa  Gofer  vocata  Trussyng  Gofer.*  Item  alia 
parva  Cista.  Item  una  Gofer  vocata  Gardeviaunce.f  Item  duo  parva  Candelabra 
enea. 

Item  una  Crux  argenti  et  deaurati  et  ennameld. 

Item  a  grete  stondynge  Cuppe  of  Sylver  and  overgilt  with  an  ymage  of  Seynt 
Jorge  that  weyeth  Ixiiij  unc'  et  di. 

Item  two  gylt  Cuppes  with  her  two  coverclez,  the  tone  is  lyke  a  Bell,  that  weyen 
Ixxij  unce  et  di. 

Item  an  Ewer  gylt  that  weyeth  xv  unce  et  di. 

Item  ij  potell'  pottes  that  weyen  Ixx  utice. 

Item  ij  Ewers  of  Syluer  that  weyen  xxxiij  unce  et  di.  Item  ij  basynes  of 
sylver  that  weyen  v«  &  xj  unce. 

Item  a  mase  of  sylver  that  weyeth  xxvj  unce  &  di. 

Item  an  Ewer  of  sylver  and  gylt  that  weyeth  xij  unce  &  iij  quarters.  Item 
a  byrell  J  cuppe  that  weyeth  xxvij  vnce. 

Item  a  newe  chales  of  Sylver  and  overgylt  that  weyth  xvj  vnce  &  di.  Item 
a  Chalyscuppe  overgylt  that  weyeth  xxij  vnce  &  di. 

Item  a  whyte  Grypes  eye  §  that  weyeth  xxj  unce.  Item  a  blake  Nutte  that 
weyeth  xix  unce  &  j  quarter. 

Item  ij  spice  disshes  gylt  and  ennamayled  that  weyen  xliij  unce  &  di.  Item 
a  lytell  table  of  sylver  and  gylt  weyeth  iiij  unce. 

Item  ij  knoppes  of  a  Trumpet  of  sylver  that  weyn  ij  uuce.  Item  ij  dowble 
masers  rbunde  that  weyen  xix  unce  &  di. 

Item  a  maser  with  An  ymage  of  owre  lady  in  the  prynte  ||  weyeth  vj  unce  & 
j  quarter. 

Item  a  grete  maser  with  a  vise  ^[  weyeth  viij  vnce  &  di.  Item  a  maser  with  a 
vernycle  weyeth  viij  vnce  &  j  quarter. 

Item  an  olde  maser  that  weyeth  iij  vnce  &  di.  Item  iij  salt  selers  of  sylver 
that  weyth  xxxvij  vnce. 

Item  a  round  massy  boll'  of  sylver  and  his  covercle  weyen  xxxij  vnce. 

Item  a  pece  of  sylver  covered  like  a  Kardynall'  hatte  and  a  hare  in  the  prynte  || 
that  weyeth  xxviij  vnce. 

Item  a  pece  of  sylver  kevered  with  a  pomelP  overgylt  that  weyth  xvij  vnce 
&di. 

Item  vj  dosen  and  xj  spones  of  sylver  that  weyen  [vacaf]  vnce. 

Item  iiij  spones  of  sylver  and  gylte  that  weyen  v  unce. 


*  TRUSSYNGE  COFUR.  Clitella,  Prompt.  Parv.  CliUllce  in  classical  Latin 
denotes  a  pack-saddle.  The  word  is  here  used  for  a  valise  carried  on  a  sumpter- 
mule's  back.  To  truss  is  to  pack.  See  Privy  Purse  Exp.  Eliz.  of  York,  under 
"  Trussing-bed  "  in  Index. 

f  "  Item  in  two  trussyng  cofers  and  in  two  gardevyances,  i  salt  saler  of  sylver 
and  gilt,"  &c.  (28  H.  VI.)  Kal.  and  Inv.  of  Exckqr.  ii.  219.  "  Full  mony  in- 
strument of  slawghter  was  in  his  gardevyance." — Dnnb.  ap.  Jamieson,-  Scott. 
Diet.  "  A  bandit  kist  like  a  garde viant."  Jewels,  &c.  of  King  James  III.,  p.  7,  in 
Inventories  of  Royal  Wardrobe.  Edinb.  1815. 

J  Rock  crystal. 

§  The  egg  of  the  ostrich  was  often  called  a  griffin's  or  grype's  egg. 

||  The  prynte.  Here  we  have  a  mediaeval  name  for  the  small  round  plate  at 
the  bottom  of  the  mazer-bowl,  usually  of  silver,  frequently  engraved  or  enamelled 
with  a  device. 

f  A  vise  is  a  screw.  Fr.  vis.  The  "  vyce  of  a  cuppe"  occurs  in  Palsgrave. 
See  Prompt.  Parv.  sub  roce  VYCE. 


March  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  123 

Item  iiij  bordknyffes  *  harnessed  with  sylver  and  gylt  with  Olyphauntes  that 
weyen  xx  vnce  save  j  quarter. 

Item  a  stondinge  cuppe  of  sylver  with  sonnes  f  that  weyth  xxij  vnce  &  di. 

Item  vj  peces  of  sylver  &  the  edges  gylt  with  on  covercle  to  hem  that  weyen 
xl  vnce. 

Item  ij  old  cowrs  peces  of  sylver  that  weyen  xij  vnce.  Item  j  basyn  &  a 
laver  of  laton. 

Item  un'  Ewer  dargent'  continens  in  se  vj  goblettes  cum  uno  cou'lo  ponde- 
rant'  Ij  vnce  iij  quarters  de  emptione  Thome  Wyldgris. 

Item  unum  Nutt  de  Doion'  J  couered  and  names'  cum  argento  precii  xxvj  s.  viij  d. 

Item  ij  stonding  Cuppes  &  vj  peces  Avith  ij  Couers  that  weyen  iiij"  x  vnce  & 
iij  quarters  and  j  d.  weyght  le  vnce  ij  s.  vj  d.  S'a  xj  li.  vj  s.  xj  d. 

Item  the  facion  xl  s." 

Item  a  gylt  Cuppe  that  weyeth  xviij  vnce,  le  unce  v  s.     Summa  iiij  li.  x  s. 

Item  a  stondyng  cuppe  that  weyeth  xxxij  vnce  large,  le  vnce  xxxij  d.  Sum- 
ma  iiij  li.  v  s.  iiij  d. 

Item  ij  kandelstykkes  of  Sylver  that  weyen  v  lib.  save  di.  unce.  S'ma  vij  li. 
xviij  s.  viij  d.  Item  the  facion,  iiij  li.  xvj  d. 

Item  a  stondyng  cuppe  per  fratrem  Johannem  Esturton,  pris  xl  s.  Item  a 
stondyng  cuppe  that  weyeth  xviij  vnce,  a  ij  s.  viij  d.  Summa  xlviij  s. 

Item  a  dosseji  spones  of  sylver  markyd  with  an  •  fo  •  that  weyen  xj  vnce 
j  quarter  di. 

Item  a  maser  with  a  5  f)  c  that  weyeth  iiij  vnce  iij  quarters  save  a  faring 
weght. 

Item  a  couered  pece  with  Armes  of  Ermyns  that  weyeth  xxiij  vnce  &  j  quarter. 

Item  ij  basyris  of  sylver  that  weyen  iiijxx  xiij  unce  di. 

NAPERIA  DIAPRYD.    • 

Imprimis  a  mete  cloth  of  viij  yards  di.  in.  long*  &  j  verg'  in  lat'.  Item  vij 
meteclothis  in  latitucline  j  verg'  d.  quarter.  I  metecloth  vj  verg'  in  longitudine. 
Item  a  metecloth  de  viij  verg'  &  iij  quart'  in  longitudine.  Item  j  metecloth  de 
viij  verg.  in  longitudine.  Item  a  metecloth  de  vj  virgis  in  longitudine.  Item 
j  metecloth  de  viij  virgis  &  iij  quart'  in  longitudine.  Item  j  metecloth  de  vij 
virgis  in  longitudine.  Item  j  metecloth  de  xij  virgis  di.  in  longitudine.  Item 
j  ffyne  pleyn  cloth  de  viij  virgis  iij  quart'  in  longitudine  &  j  ellon'  in  latitudine. 
Item  iij  napkyns  de  Eeynes.  Item  a  towelP  de  viij  virgis  iij  quart'  in  longitu- 
dine et  lat'  di.  virge.  Item  j  towell  de  x  virgis  in  longitudine  et  in  latitudine 
di.  virge.  Item  j  towell  with  a  lyst,  a  quarter  brode  of  blew,  xviij  virg'  j  quart' 
in  longitudine  &  in  latitudine  di.  virge  di.  qrt'  [with  8  more  towels  from  19£  to 
5^  yards  long,  the  longest  £  ell  wide  the  rest  £  yard  wide]. 

NAPERIA  PLEYN. 
[24  metecloths  from  sixteen  to  three  yards  long,,  and  widths  varying  from 


*  MENSAL  KNYFE,  or  borde  knyfe.  Mensalis,  Prompt.  Parv.  See  John 
Russell's  Boke  of  Nurture,  p.  138, 1.  333  (E.  E.  T.  S.  edition)  where  the  "table 
knyfe  "  is  used  by  the  carver  to  lift  the  cut  trencher  of  bread  and  lay  it  down 
before  the  lord  whom  he  serves. 

f  Suns,  probably  engraved  on  the  cup. 

j  A  nut  (or  drinking- vessel  in  that  form)  made  of  a  wood  called  Dudgeon. 
The  spelling  of  the  word  in  the  text  agrees  with  the  reading  of  the  Wiuton  MS. 
of  Prompt.  Parv.,  which  has  "  DoiON',  dogena"  for  "DoRON',  degener":  see 
Mr.  Way's  note  sub  voce  RONNYN.  What  Dudgeon  exactly  was  seerns  hardly 
to  have  been  ascertained.  Nares  says  that  it  is  the  root  of  box.  For  a  notice 
of  a  dagger  with  a  black  wooden  handle,  supposed  to  be  a  "  dudgeon  dagger," 
see  Proceedings,  2  S.  iv.  35. 


124  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

1  yard  save  the  nayle  to  3  quarters.]  Item  j  sanap  (surnap)  *  de  x  virgis  iij  quarters 
in  longitudine  et  in  latitudine  di.  virg.  [&  5  others  ten  to  three  yards  long]. 

In  Dorso  Rotuli. 

IN  COQUINA  ET  BUTTILEKIA. 

Imprimis  xi  olle  enee  magne  et  ij  olle  parve  et  j  possnet.     Item  j  patella  enea 
magna  in  fornace  in  coqaina.     Item  iiij  pattelle  gr  enee.     Item  xij  .Spittes.ferr'. 


Item  x  pewter  pottes  potellers.    Item  vj 

de  ferro.    Item  j  gr[andisj  mort[aria]  enea.   Item  j  awndiron  g>'  de  ferro.    Item 

j  foleyn  borde.    Item  iij  cofurs.     Item  j  crux  cupri  deaurati  cum  baculo  eius- 

dem.     Item  j  mere  et  unum  signum  pro  mort'.     Item  unum  Cawdron  de 

Cupro. 

Some  account  of  the  Trinity  Guild  at  Coventry  will  be  found 
in  Dugdale's  Warwickshire.  See  also  Toulmin  Smith's  English 
Guilds  (Early  English  Text  Soc.)  p.  234.  The  Master  of  the 
Guild  was  always,  or  generally,  the  person  who  had  served  as 
mayor  of  the  city  during  the  previous  year. 

JOHN  BRENT,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary  for  Kent,  com- 
municated, in  a  letter  addressed  to  the  Secretary,  the  following 
Report  of  the  progress  of  Antiquarian  research  in  his  district : — 

The  year  just  concluded  has  not  in  East  Kent  afforded  many 
new  facts  in  archaeology,  nor  offered  many  relics  to  the  attention 
of  the  antiquary.  Roman  remains  have  occasionally  turned  up 
in  isolated  spots,  and  among  these  I  may  note  a  small  Roman 
patera,  of  Samian  ware,  brought  to  me  last  autumn  from  a  brick- 
field at  Barham,  upon  the  lower  external  surface  of  which  is 
marked  a  design  generally  supposed  to  be  a  Christian  symbol. 
The  significancy  of  this  mark,  however,  lies  open  to  doubt,  when 
we  call  to  mind  that  it  appertained  also  to  Libitina  or  Perse- 
phone, and  in  this  connection  it  is  said  to  have  appeared  on  the 
dresses  of  the  Roman  gravediggers,  and  has  been  recognised 
with  this  Pagan  symbolism  in  the  catacombs  at  Rome.  The 
sculptured  stones  of  Scotland  exhibit  similar  cruciform  figures, 
and  the  supposed  presence  on  the  sculptures  of  Mitla  and  Pa- 

*  The  surnap  or  serrenappe  seems  to  have  been  placed  underneath  one  of  the 
long  towels  such  as  are  mentioned  in  this  Inventory,  and  spread  all  down  the 
table  after  meat,  for  the  convenience  of  wiping  the  guests'  hands  after  washing. 
The  "making"  the  surnap  was  a  matter  of  great  form,  as  to  which  consult  the 
Early  English  Text  Society's  Collection  on  Manners  and  Meals  quoted  above, 
at  the  following  passages,  viz.,  Russell,  Boke  of  Nurture,  p.  132,  208  ;  Wynkyn  de 
Worde's  Boke  of  Kervynge,  p.  269;  Boke  of  Curtasye,  p.  321.  The  tradition  of 
the  surnap  is  perhaps  hardly  extinct  yet.  The  writer  remembers  not  many  years 
ago  observing  at  the  end  of  dinner  in  a  certain  College  Hall  at  Cambridge,  how, 
along  with  the  bason  and  ewer  with  rosewater,  a  long  neatly-plaited  cloth  was 
placed  on  the  upper  end  of  the  table,  and  was  then  thrown  some  way  down  the 
table  by  a  servant  with  a  jerk  of  the  hand,  the  plaits  unfolding  with  the  motion. 

f  A  bell. 


March  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  125 

lenque  of  designs  resembling  the  Maltese  cross  has  given  rise  to 
theories  upon  which,  after  all,  no  certain  reliance  can  be  placed. 
The  cross,  in  fact,  is  so  simple  a  figure  as  to  suggest  itself  as  an 
ornament,  or  even  as  a  symbol,  under  any  form  of  civilization 
or  religious  belief — and  even  so  it  must  not  be  forgotten  that 
Christianity  existed  at  an  early  era  in  England,  and  considerably 
prior  to  the  time  of  Lucius,  Romano-British  kings  were  said  to 
have  been  present  at  Nice,  A.D.  325,  and  amongst  the  Roman 
legions  were  doubtless  Christian  soldiers.  The  invasion  of  these 
shores  by  the  Northern  and  German  tribes  stamped  out  for  a 
time  the  feeble  light  of  the  evangelism  of  these  rude  ages. 

Roman  pottery,  as  I  am  informed,  has  been  found,  within  no 
distant  period,  at  Wodesborough  ;  also  near  the  church  at  Stod- 
marsh,  on  the  top  of  the  hill,  and  at  Ramsgate,  Preston,  and 
Wingham.  At  Preston  three  cinerary  urns,  objects  in  Samian 
ware,  and  tke  bottle-shaped,  narrow -necked  vessel  of  reddish 
clay  so  common  in  Roman  interments  have  been  exhumed. 
At  Westgate  Bay,  between  Reculver  and  Margate,  the  quantity 
of  Roman  pottery  continually  turning  up  exhibits  proof  that  at 
one  period  the  Romans  had  a  considerable  settlement  in  that 
locality. 

I  now  beg  to  exhibit  a  Roman  enamelled  brooch  of  rather 
peculiar  shape,  said  not  long  since  to  have  been  found  at  Minster, 
together  with  four  little  bronze  implements,  namely,  ear-pick, 
tweezers,  &c.,  procured  with  it.  I  may  also  compare  this  brooch 
with  another  of  the  same  character,  but  of  more  elegance  of 
shape,  discovered  near  St.  Martin's  church,  Canterbury.  I  had 
it  direct  from  the  spot.  In  the  same  locality,  some  years  since, 
gold  Byzantine  and  Merovingian  coins,  looped  for  decoration, 
were  found.  Very  recently  some  Anglo-Saxon  spear-heads  were 
exhumed  not  far  off;  and  I  think  it  not  improbable  that  the 
hitherto  undiscovered  cemetery  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  population 
of  Canterbury  may  some  day  be  laid  open  in  this  neighbour- 
hood. 

Roman  pottery  is  continually  being  found  at  and  near  Canter- 
bury, mostly  of  common  material,  and  of  the  usual  forms,  dolia, 
patera,  and  mortuary  urns.  The  chief  exception  to  these  may 
be  noted  in  the  exhuming  of  two  twisted  gold  armlets,  contain- 
ing three  to  four  ounces  of  gold  each,  and  discovered  during 
excavations  for  the  London,  Dover,  and  Chatham  railway,  at  a 
spot  situated  not  half  a  mile  from  St.  Martin's.  I  cannot  ex- 
hibit these,  but  I  produce  two  Roman  bronze  armlets  which 
they  somewhat  resemble,  found  also  at  Canterbury,  near  the 
Dane  John,  in  a  cemetery  where  the  interments  were  almost 
wholly  by  inhumation. 


120  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

As  the  three  other  Roman  cemeteries  in  Canterbury  which 
have  more  or  less  come  under  my  immediate  inspection  were 
wholly  indicative  of  the  rites  of  cremation,  I  am  rather  puzzled 
to  account  for  the  exception  in  this  instance. 

The  Romans,  we  know,  as  regards  religious  practices,  were 
generally  a  tolerant  people  :  perhaps  some  portion  of  the  settlers 
under  the  Romans,  or  soldiers  resident  at  Canterbury,  retained 
the  peculiar  rites  of  the  continental  tribes  from  which  they 
originally  came. 

The  presence  of  other  objects  found  with  these  relics,  -such  as 
long  iron  coffin  nails  and  Roman  coins,  point  to  a  close  affinity 
to  a  Roman  original. 

Near  this  cemetery  is  the  ruin  of  the  old  castle  of  Canterbury, 
in  the  inclosed  quadrangle  of  whose  walls,  at  some  depth,  was 
found  a  Roman  cinerary  urn,  containing,  with  the  ashes,  the 
bones  of  fish  and  other  animals,  and  portions  of  lava  or  pumice 
stone,  a  product  evidently  of  foreign  importation. 

As  a  matter  of  more  general  archseological  interest,  I  beg  to 
give  a  short  account  of  the  opening  of  a  large  tumulus  last 
autumn,  in  which  I  was  assisted  by  my  brother,  Mr.  Cecil  Brent. 
It  is  situated  on  Mountain  Hill,  Cage  Hill,  in  the  parish  of 
Stowting.  I  commenced  the  excavations  by  cutting  a  deep 
trench  across  the  barrow  ;  also  another  at  right  angles  on  the 
southern  side.  Very  near  the  surface,  where  the  two  trenches 
centrally  joined,  I  found  portions  of  a  British  urn  of  reddish 
clay,  slackly  baked,  and  lying  evidently  out  of  the  place  of  their 
original  deposit.  The  vessel  was  peculiar,  not  perhaps  on  ac- 
count of  the  small  knobs  projecting  under  the  rim  around  it, 
but  from  the  circumstance  of  minute  clear-cut  holes  perforating 
each  knob,  giving  the  impression  that  the  suspending  cord  or 
ligament  must  have  been  very  fine  to  have  penetrated  them. 
Nothing  under  the  strength  of  metallic  wire — the  use  of  which 
is  hardly  likely — I  should  have  thought  would  have  been  of  any 
use.  About  two  feet  lower  down  was  an  extensive  floor  of  burnt 
wood  ashes,  and  upon  this  lay  what  appeared  to  be  a  flint  flake, 
and  the  charred  bladebone  of  a  sheep  or  pig.  This  was  the  ex- 
tent of  our  discoveries.  We  dug  down  to  the  original  unmade 
soil,  but  found  nothing  more.  There  were  both  sand  and  clay 
in  the  mound,  extraneous  to  the  soil  around  it.  The  sand  was 
probably  brought  from  a  wood  rather  higher  up,  where  it 
abounds.  The  floor  of  burnt  ashes,  which  was  very  decided  and 
from  one  to  two  inches  thick,  doubtless  indicated  some  sacrifice 
or  funeral  feast.  Upon  this  floor,  probably  when  the  rites  of 
obsequy  were  concluded,  earth  was  heaped  up,  and  the  mound 
trimmed  into  shape. 


March  28.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  127 

I  ascertained,  although  not  until  after  I  had  commenced  my 
undertaking,  that  the  tumulus  had  been  opened,  or  rather  was 
accidentally  explored,  about  thirty  years  since,  in  taking  off  a 
portion  of  the  top  to  facilitate  agricultural  operations,  and  that 
some  earthen  vessels  had  been  found.  The  fragment  of  the  urn 
I  exhumed  was  probably  left  behind  by  these  explorers.  Never- 
theless I  felt  bound  to  continue  my  search,  in  hopes  of  discover- 
ing some  primary  interment.  I  may  even  now  have  missed  it, 
as  the  mound  is  of  great  size,  and  the  levelling  process  previously 
practised  upon  it  may,  by  altering  its  original  outlines,  have 
rendered  it  a  matter  of  uncertainty  where  its  true  centre  or  apex 
had  once  been.  This  mound  overlooks  the  valley  wherein  lies 
the  field  whence  some  Anglo-Saxon  relics  were  exhumed  for  the 
Society  a  year  or  two  since. 

Turning  to  a  much  more  remote  period,  I  would  make  a  few 
remarks  on  <the  flint  implements  of  the  drift,  inasmuch  as  I  am 
able  to  add  the  gravel  beds  of  Canterbury,  the  left  bank  of  the 
valley  of  the  Stour  looking  towards  Chatham,  to  the  other  local- 
ities where  these  objects  have  been  discovered.  Although  there 
is  a  certain  degree  of  sameness  about  all  the  specimens,  and  little 
novelty  can  be  looked  for,  nevertheless  each  discovery  is  so  far 
of  interest  as  it  always  affords  an  additional  chance  of  finding  a 
new  link  in  the  chain  of  the  history  of  these  mysterious  records 
of  a  past  so  remote. 

The  flint  implements  at  Canterbury  are  found  in  the  gravel 
pits  at  very  various  depths — sometimes  in  strata  resting  upon 
the  chalk  itself,  at  a  depth  of  16  to  18  feet,  in  other  instances 
rising  with  the  chalk  that  underlies  the  gravel,  almost  to  the 
surface. 

The  flints  which  I  now  exhibit  came  mostly  from  gravel  pits 
and  sanded  strata  beneath  the  gravel,  or  intermingling  with  it. 
The  two  ovoid  specimens  are  neatly  made,  the  others  on  the  con- 
trary are  extremely  rude.  Indeed  we  can  hardly  see  the  use  of 
them  as  implements  of  any  sort. 

There  seems  to  be  a  characteristic  difference,  in  spite  of  their 
apparent  similarity,  between  the  worked  flints  of  different 
localities.  Those  of  the  valley  of  the  Somme  have  a  peculiarity 
of  their  own,  and  differ  from  those  of  Reculver.  These  Canter- 
bury flints  are  in  certain  respects  unlike  those  of  either  locality. 
In  a  few  of  the  Canterbury  specimens  I  have  noticed  a  depression 
as  if  to  receive  the  thumb,  which  I  do  not  think  accidental. 

I  have  one  or  two  recent  specimens  also  from  Reculver ?  one 
especially  truly  artistic  in  appearance,  and  perhaps  the  finest 
relic  of  the  sort  ever  discovered  in  Kent.  I  found  it  last  April 
lying  by  itself  on  a  little  ledge  of  sand  on  the  sea  shore.  Two 


128  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

weeks  previous  there  had  been  a  sudden  fall  of  some  hundred 
tons  of  the  cliff,  for  I  was  present  when  the  cliff  fell;  I  heard  it, 
but  did  not  actually  see  it,  fall,  having  luckily  just  turned  a 
corner  in  the  bay.  Stormy  weather  intervened  before  my  next 
visit,  but  when  1  came  again  a  fortnight  afterwards  the  cliff  had 
been  washed  into  the  sea,  and  this  relic  alone  was  left. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  about  three  years  since  a  tessellated 
pavement  was  found  in  Burgate  Street,  Canterbury,  at  the  depth 
of  about  eight  feet.  A  photograph  presented  by  Mr.  Pilbrow  is  I 
believe  in  the  possession  of  the  Society.  Of  all  the  numerous  ob- 
jects of  antiquity  found  during  the  works  above  alluded  to  this  is 
the  only  one  retained  by  the  Mayor  and  Commonalty.  Having 
received  the  authority  of  the  Mayor  to  remove  it  to  the  Museum 
I  found  the  attempt  full  of  difficulty.  The  tesseraB,  owing  to 
the  imperfection  of  the  backing  or  concrete,  whether  through 
lapse  of  time  or  other  causes,  separated  at  the  slightest  touch. 
They  seemed  to  have  been  set  in  a  thin  layer  of  lime  or  chalk- 
wash  ;  beneath  was  a  concrete  of  brick-dust  scarcely  an  inch 
thick,  then  a  layer  of  sand  not  more  than  one  and  a  quarter 
inch  in  width,  resting  on  a  concrete  of  chalk,  pebbles,  &c. 
scarcely  two  inches  wide. 

After  several  attempts,  during  which  the  tesserae  were  dis- 
turbed, the  only  expedient  that  gave  any  chance  of  success  was 
to  procure  some  large  plates  of  sheet  iron  and  pass  them  through 
the  sand  between  the  brick-dust  rubble  and  the  bed  of  concrete, 
and  so  endeavour  to  raise  the  pavement  bodily.  This  process 
entailed  several  breakages,  as  well  as  did  the  journey  to  the 
museum  through  the  streets.  However,  by  the  assistance  of  a 
carefully  coloured  tissue  paper  tracing  made  by  Mr.  Hall,  the 
city  surveyor,  whilst  the  pavement  was  in  situ,  it  was  completely 
and  I  believe  accurately  restored  and  set  in  a  frame  for  its  per- 
manent preservation  in  the  Canterbury  Museum. 

I  should  not  however  have  called  the  attention  of  the  Society 
to  this  pavement  had  not  further  explorations  in  Burgate  Street 
last  week  (January  1871)  laid  open  the  remains  of  other  pave- 
ments belonging  to  the  same  Roman  house.  We  found  also 
part  of  the  wall  of  the  house  (the  southern  wall),  lying  about 
nine  feet  deep,  a  solid  mass  of  Roman  concrete  upon  which  had 
apparently  been  erected  the  wall  of  a  medieval  building.  It 
lay  immediately  beyond  the  street  pavement  up  the  opening  of 
a  yard  abutting  thereon. 

The  pavement  found  last  week  consisted  of  black  and  white 
tesserae  with  a  few  red  squares  of  a  diamond  pattern,  very  like 
the  one  exhumed  by  Mr.  Pilbrow.  It  was  too  fragile  however  to 
be  removed.  It  lay  about  eight  feet  deep ;  it  continued  in  a 


March  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  129 

straight  line  some  feet  towards  the  south  side  of  the  street,  it 
then  descended,  making,  as  far  as  I  could  ascertain,  a  fall  of 
between  one  and  two  feet.  Here  the  pattern  changed  to  a 
guilloche  of  red,  white,  and  black  tesserae,  a  small  portion  of 
which  I  have  procured.  The  descent  or  sinking  of  the  floor  of 
the  Roman  house,  from  what  cause  must  remain  unknown, 
exhibited  a  curious  result.  The  occupant,  instead  of  picking 
up  his  flooring  and  levelling  the  ground,  started  another  pave- 
ment immediately  above  it,  in  one  place  about  fourteen  inches 
apart,  the  upper  pavement  being  of  coarser  materials,  and 
consisting  of  red  tesserae  of  larger  size,  intermixed  with  a  few 
white  squares.  Immediately  under  the  lowest  pavement  was  a 
small  black  mortuary  urn,  perfect  when  found ;  some  fragments 
of  Upchurch  and  Samian  ware  lay  near  it.  Evidences  of  other 
apartments  in  this  Roman  house  were  apparent,  especially  as  in 
a  drift  way  made  by  the  wrorkmen  underground  the  edgings  of 
pavements  appeared.  Any  attempt  however  to  follow  them  up 
would  have  entailed  much"  expense,  and  perhaps  have  proved 
abortive  on  account  of  the  condition  of  the  street,  which  was 
intersected  by  gas,  drainage,  and  water  pipes  in  every  direc- 
tion. 

Mr.  C.  Roach  Smith,  in  his  valuable  book,  Roman  London, 
remarks  a  that  the  county  of  Kent  can  boast  of  none  of  these 
beautiful  works  of  Roman  art."  Nevertheless,  I  have  often 
noticed,  during  partial  excavations,  scattered  portions  of  pave- 
ments, taken  at  the  Roman  level,  below  the  public  ways  in  Can- 
terbury. There  is  no  reason  to  doubt  but  that  the  houses  of 
Roman  Canterbury  possessed  many  of  these  ornamented  floor- 
ings ;  whilst,  from  the  presence  of  numerous  hot-air  tubes  and 
pipes  constantly  discovered,  I  feel  confident  the  occupants  of  the 
ancient  Durovernum  who  settled  there  as  conquerors  were  not 
without  the  conveniences  and  luxuries  found  in  Britain  in  other 
Roman  settlements.  One  thing,  however,  is  certain,  from  the 
state  of  numerous  objects  found  at  the  Roman  level,  except 
pottery,  the  many  half-molten  coins,  cinerated  relics,  charred 
wood  and  rafters,  that  the  ancient  city  was  at  one  time  ruth- 
lessly destroyed  by  fire  and  sword. 

In  connection  with  this  communication  Mr.  Brent  exhibited 
several  specimens  of  Roman  and  other  antiquities  referred  to  in 
his  Report;  and  also  presented  a  drawing  of  a  Roman  urn  found 
March  5,  1871,  at  the  Vauxhall  Brickfields,  Canterbury. 

This  vessel  was  of  the  shape  of  the  modern  oil  jar  of  the  south  of 
Europe.  The  height  was  1  foot  f  inch  ;  the  largest  diameter  11^ 
inches.  The  neck  (5^  in.  across  at  the  mouth)  was  ornamented 
by  two  bands  of  a  wavy  pattern  worked  in  relief,  beneath  which 
on  the  shoulder 'of  the  vase  was  a  scroll  pattern,  formed  by  rolls 

VOL.  V.  K 


130  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

of  clay,  luted  on  to  the  surface.     These  ornaments  were  not 
quite  perfect. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communica- 
tions. 


Thursday,  March  30th,  1871. 
J.  WINTER  JONES,  Esq.  V.P.  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  the  Royal  Geographical  Society  : — Proceedings.     Vol.  xv.     No.  1.     8vo. 

London,  1871. 
From  the  Author  : — National  Holidays,  and  in  reference  to  Sir  John  Lubbock's 

Bank  Holiday  Bill.     By  William  Kay  Smee,  Esq.  F.S.A.     8vo.     London, 

1871. 
From  the  Royal  Institute  of  British  Architects  : — Sessional  Papers,  1870-71. 

No.  6.     4to.     London,  1871. 

The  following  Gentlemen  were  admitted  Fellows  : — 

William  Bragge,  Esq. 
Morris  Charles  Jones,  Esq. 

This  evening  being  appointed  for  the  ballot  for  the  Election  of 
Fellows  no  papers  were  read. 

The  ballot  opened  at  a  quarter  before  and  closed  at  half-past 
nine  o'clock,  when  the  following  gentlemen  were  declared  to  be 
elected  Fellows  of  the  Society  : — 

George  Bonnor,  Esq. 

Eev.  John  Kae. 

Thomas  Laurence  Kington  Oliphant,  Esq. 

John  Sackville  Swann,  Esq. 

Colonel  John  Bayly,  E.E. 

John  Samuel  Rawle,  Esq. 

James  William  Holme,  Esq. 

John  Allan  Rolls,  Esq. 

Valentine  Dudley  Henry  Cary  Elwes,  Esq. 


April  20.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  131 

Thursday,  April  20th,  1871. 
AUGUSTUS  W.  FRANKS,  ESQ.,  V.P.  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  the  Powys  Land  Club  : — Collections,  Historical  and  Archaeological,  rela- 
ting to  Montgomeryshire.  Vol.  iv.  Part  1.  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Author  : — The  Abbey  of  Ystrad  Marchell  (Strata  Marcella)  or  Pola. 
By  Morris  Charles  Jones,  F.S.  A.  (From  Montgomeryshire  Collections,  IV.) 
8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  G.  Manners,  Esq.  F.S. A.  : — Itineraria  Symonis  Simeonis  et  Willelmi  de 
Worcestre,  Quibus  accedit  Tractatus  de  Metro,  in  quo  traduntur  regulae  a 
scriptoribus  mcxlii  revi  in  versibus  Leoninis  observatee.  Edidit  Jacobus 
Nasmith,  A.M.  S.A.S.  8vo.  Cambridge,  1778. 

From  the  Editor  : — The  Church  Builder.  No.  38.  April.  8vo.  London, 
1871. 

From  the  Author  : — Lord  Lieutenant  and  High  Sheriff.  Correspondence  upon 
the  question  of  Precedence.  Collected  by  J.  M.  Davenport,  F.S.  A.  8vo. 
London,  1871. 

From  C.  Warne,  Esq.  F.S. A.  : — Baal  Durotrigensis.  A  Dissertation  on  the 
ancient  Colossal  Figure  at  Cerne,  Dorsetshire.  By  John  Sydenham.  8vo, 
London. 

From  the  Royal  Institute  of  British  Architects  : — Sessional  Papers,  1870-71. 
No.  7.  4to.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Author  :—  The  Chronicles  of  the  Pathan  Kings  of  Delhi,  illustrated  by 
Coins.  Inscriptions,  and  other  Antiquarian  Remains.  By  Edward  Thomas. 
8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Camden  Society  : — The  Camden  Miscellany.  Vol.  vi.  4to.  London, 
1871. 

From  the  London  Institution  : — Journal.     Nos.  4  and  5.     Vol.  i.     8vo.     Lon- 
don, 1871. 
From  J.  W.  K.  Eyton,  Esq.  F.S. A.  :— 

1.  A  Compendious  History  of  Sussex,  Topographical,  Archaeological,  and 
Anecdotical.    Containing  an  Index  to  the  first  twenty  volumes  of  the  Sussex 
Archnaological  Collections.     By  M.  A.  Lower.     2  vols.     8vo.     Lewes  and 
London,  1870. 

2.  English  Reprints,  by  Edward  Arber,  viz.  : — 

(19)  James  I.  Essaycs  in  the  Art  of   Poesie,  1585.     Countcrblastc   to 
Tobacco,  1004. 

(20)  Sir  Robert  Naunton.     Fragmenta  Regalia.     From  3rd  ed.  1653. 

(21)  Thomas  Watson.     Poems.     1582-1593. 

(22)  William  Habington.     Castara.     3rd  ed.  of  1640  collated  with  those 
of  1634,  1635. 

(23)  Roger  Ascham.     The  Scholemaster.     From  1st  ed.  1570  ;  collated 
with  2nd,  1571. 

(24)  Tottel's  Miscellany.    Songcs  and  Soncttcs  by  the  Earl  of  Surrey,  Sir 
Thomas   Wyatt,  Nicholas  Grimald,  and  uncertain  others.      1st  ed.  col- 
lated with  the  2nd,  of  1557. 

K2 


132  PKOCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

3  Fac-simile  Texts  by  Edward  Arber.  The  first  printed  English  New 
Testament.  Translated  by  William  Tyndale.  Photo-lithographed  from 
the  Grenville  copy  in  the  British  Museum.  4to.  London,  1871. 

4.  Publications  of  the  Early  English  Text  Society.     2  vols    8vo.     London, 
viz.  : — 

(44)  Joseph  of  Arimathie  :  the  Eomance  of  the  Seint  Graal.     Edited  by 
W.  W.  Skeat,  1871. 

(45)  King   Alfred's  West-Saxon  Version  of   Gregory's  Pastoral   Care. 
Edited  by  Henry  Sweet.     1871. 

5.  Mr.  Ashbee's  Occasional  Fac-simile  Keprints.     Three  parts.     Sm.  4to. 
London,  1869-71  :— 

(xi)  "The   Carriers'  Cosmographie."     By  John  Taylor  (Water  Poet) 

From  ed.  of  1637. 

(xii)  "  The  Debate  and  Stryfe  betwene  Somer  and  Wynter."    From  the 

Original  printed  by  Laurence  Andrewe. 

(xii)  "  The  Humors  of  Bottom  the  Weaver."     From  the  Original  of 

1661. 

A  Vote  of  Special  Thanks  was  accorded  to  J.  W.  K.  Eyton, 
Esq.  for  this  fresh  mark  of  the  interest  which  he  has  constantly 
shown  in  the  Library  of  the  Society. 

Notice  was  given  that  the  Anniversary  Meeting  would  take 
place  on  Monday,  April  24th,  and  a  list  was  read  of  the  persons 
proposed  by  the  Council  as  the  Council  and  Officers  for  the 
ensuing  year. 

The  Report  of  the  Auditors  for  the  year  1870  was  read.  (See 
page  133.) 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  to  the  Auditors  for  their 
trouble,  and  to  the  Treasurer  for  his  good  and  faithful  services. 

A  correspondence  was  read  between  Colonel  Lane  Fox  and 
Mr.  T.  Latham,  the  owner  and  occupier  of  the  Dorchester  Dykes 
(see  ante,  p.  92).  Mr.  Latham  gave  no  hopes  that  the  demoli- 
tion would  be  permanently  arrested,  but  stated  that  for  the  pre- 
sent it  was  not  his  intention  to  proceed  with  his  works.  . 

WILLIAM  BRAGGE,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  and  presented  pho- 
tographs of  objects  of  religious  art  from  Russia,  consisting  of 
pectoral  crosses,  triptychs,  &c.  in  metal  work. 

The  REV.  ASSHETON  POWNALL,  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary  for 
Leicestershire,  communicated  some  further  remarks  on  the  dis- 
covery of  Mediaeval  Glass  Bottles  imbedded  in  the  foundation 
walls  of  Lutterworth  and  South  Kilworth  churches,*  with  the 

*  See  ante,  p.  114. 


April  20.] 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUAKIES. 


133 


b  o 

••^COOOOCO         J>-OlOCOt»OOO         OO         rH         CO 

§  "S 

^C^IOiHOCO         rHVO^COl>-OOJt-         rHOO         U5         CO 

£2     3 

fH                                 iH                                 rH 

>—  't-o^oco       eooi>-ocoooo       I-HOS       «o       i—  i 

QlJ   CM  0  <M  <M  CO          00  CO  0  ^  10  (N  0  rH          CO                 OO          5 

*    ^                    CO                    rH                                            i—j                                                            QQ 

*S  If  j 

rr-      ^     H 

1  <—  '      Q;      £} 

•+3       ?H       <J 

^*      '   "   '  g   £   "   '  £*  " 

I                    §                            g^     -2           g 

00       m       S 

j®    .    .    .    .  «    B   .  g   .    .  g    . 

^       £       g 

0>       M       02 

2;                                 tuQ          ^                        ^^  *j          'Q 

a  w  5 

C            §          ^           c     ^          O                  O 

•£  o  <! 
||  g> 

Ǥ>! 

§MJ 

ii? 

^•^ 

§  g~g 

iig 

HS              JS^^C^b       ^ 

g    1.-  -  •  -§^  -§1.12  .-s  -  -|  - 

PH     S     O 

-*-»                 CO    ^2              -^-H       ^      0^    *^      Q     "^     "*"*    "^    rS       L       C^ 

«<     R     0 

"^                 S    *^3         *    W    *"O       S                ^-1     ^Q       O      O               ^       .^         *    rQ 

S<SH 

5       H^       ^"l^g-^gll^S1       § 

HT3^ 

^      'rC)i>*S03~x;'«'43Q'3^2^^iI>"S      " 

fc  '3    * 

rt     fcfl   ^     f3     ^     S   '  ^    "*"*  r^     ^           ^  'oi     t»     kC  SH     r*   *^ 

<j    £    M 

0) 

fe       2    rfl    ' 

o  ^  -^ 

UlIi!%l!lt!P!sK 

HT3    i 

P3     Q     ^ 

O         OH    ^                                                                                                      ^  °O 
OO            °     °                                                                                                                    3 

• 

M   I'S 

CO                                                                  OOOOOrH^Ooo 

l»l 

^          00                                                              0*0^         0^^         CO 

c   2 

m    ^    ^ 

VO                                                                                   O>—  '(MXOCOI>.r-.r-< 

FH     ^ 

rH                                                                            C/^   i    I   C3  G^l           CO  IQ  ^           CO 

^       Ja 

cq" 

O     &C  QJ 

•^j            o       o       o       o       o 

O     R     fe 

^       OQ^       0       c<,          *    '     '  ^  ^S     *    * 

^    r5       fl 

O>  "-^     °* 

I-        00         -*         <M                                         io  O 

•^  **"*    o 

50                  1              -S  ^,- 

Ji     ^     ^ 

||| 

*         -    C*    *  ^    •  t4    •  t»                          §  r^ 

M-       S                                                                      ^^ 

0 

o 

o^ 

cu       -0    "  »  4    '  ^    '  4    '  ^    '         "  «    "e  §•   '    ' 

^oi«-^^           1     5  s 

§ 

•a        3 

"g  °" 

I"8'? 

S       ^-^s       2.-   *»    "  ®           tcfej^ 

c    *^ 

§    oo 

.S  ^-S 

'^^'S'S           S           s                 ^Os           c® 

0  7 

0     c3 

1  *  *  *  *  4    .  •  "*  *  i  s  '  «  ^  '  * 

Q-jr^         fj 

"c    -° 

PH^> 

C^          ro                 E^     P    t/J  ^O     C 

S    S 

^      .    O  cq      .  "**      .  ^      .             .          WJ  ***  "(2    §  "*      •      . 

O     S 

-,    rH      S 

l«  S 

3  ^  -g  ^  ^s^s  ^  .1  ^  1  1  «  i 

1  Q 

H  ^u     o 

*  •  a  «  •  c  •  «  s  *  §    rc  'i  ^  s  ^  i  § 

s  *s 

^  "o  ^ 

45  §  J  J       -2       .0  ^  g  ^       |  ^  ^  '«  2  g,0 

If 

O        "30 

^   00     0 

?  1  II  «  1  o  1  i-i  «-  J  1  £  |  «  1  2 

~       CO 

C       O 

&T 
^ 

o  ||sjsis|s?s  ^Iil1!! 

i  1 

H  •-»' 


134  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

view  of  satisfying  some  doubts  which  had  been  expressed  at  the 
ordinary  meeting  on  March  23rd  as  to  the  antiquity  of  the 
phials,  and  as  to  the  certainty  that  they  were  found  in  the 
position  alleged. 

Mr.  Pownall  showed  that  the  improbabilities  were  very  great 
that  he  should  in  either  case  have  been  duped  by  a  trick  played 
by  some  one  with  glass  phials  (whether  really  antique  or  not) 
purposely  placed  for  the  sake  of  imposition  in  a  particular  spot. 
In  the  case  of  South  Kilworth  (Mr.  PownalPs  own  parish), 
though  not  actually  overlooking  the  workman  (a  very  simple- 
minded  villager)  who  turned  up  the  bottle,  Mr.  Pownall  was  on 
the  ground  at  the  time.  The  man  was  far  from  thinking  he  had 
found  a  prize  when  the  phial  appeared  among  the  loose  stones  of 
the  old  foundation.  Indeed,  but  for  the  orders  given  that  every- 
thing should  be  shown  to  Mr.  Pownall  before  being  thrown 
aside,  the  Kilworth  bottle  would  certainly  have  been  so  dealt 
with. 

"  The  discovery  of  the  phial  at  Lutterworth,"  Mr.  Pownall 
continued,  "  was  made  also  without  my  having  seen  it  disinterred ; 
but  hear  the  particulars,  and  the  supposition  of  an  attempt  to 
hoax  will  not  stand  a  moment.  That  such  a  bottle  was  found  I 
have  produced  evidence  in  Mr.  Morgan's  letter,  and  there  is  no 
question  at  all  that  the  bottle  exhibited  by  me  is  one  of  the  two 
represented  as  having  been  found  ;  but  he  who  found  it,  whoever 
he  was,  never  knew  it  would  come  to  my  hands.  No  one  at 
Lutterworth  had  the  least  notion  of  its  pretensions  to  antiquity ; 
and  so  little  notice  of  the  discovery  was  taken  at  the  time  that 
the  companion  bottle  is  destroyed  or  lost.  A  hoax  must  have  an 
object ;  but,  so  far  from  attempting  to  hoax  anyone,  those  who 
found  this  Lutterworth  bottle  did  nothing  with  it.  I  wish  they 
had.  In  fact,  had  pains  not  been  taken  to  hunt  up  and  secure 
it,  this  Lutterworth  bottle  would  probably  by  this  time  have 
gone  the  way  of  all  glass.  By  mere  chance  did  I  hear  of  the 
discovery ;  and  when,  at  my  request,  search  was  made,  it  was 
only  successful  after  an  interval,  and  then  only  as  regards  one 
of  the  two.  On  comparing  them,  these  two  phials — discovered 
apart,  at  different  times,  by  different  people,  who  never  could 
have  dreamed  that  both  bottles  would  come  into  my  possession — 
are  seen  to  be  alike,  and  so  much  alike  as  to  point  to  similarity 
in  date  and  manufacture." 

With  regard  to  the  intrinsic  evidence  of  the  antiquity  of  the 
glass,  ^ Mr.  Pownall  left  that  question  to  the  decision  of  persons 
acquainted  with  the  characteristics  of  the  ancient  and  modern 
manufactures  of  that  material,  only  remarking  that  to  his  own 
eye  the  difference  between  these  phials  and  modern  glass  was 
strikingly  apparent. 


April  20.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  135 

Mr.  Pownall  added  that  he  was  not  surprised  that  his  assertion 
as  to  the  date  of  the  earliest  dated  specimens  of  glass  had  been 
received  somewhat  incredulously,  as  little  is  known  about  the 
history  of  ancient  English  glass. 

In  his  paper  he  had  admitted  the  possibility  of  early  glass 
vessels  having  come  down  to  us,  but  added  that  if  such  pieces 
exist  they  are  unrecognised,  and  cannot  be  pointed  to  as  spe- 
cimens of  a  particular  century. 

A.  W.  FRANKS,  Esq.  V.P.,  to  whom  Mr.  Pownall  had  referred 
as  his  authority  for  his  statement  as  to  dated  glass,  said  that 
he  quite  agreed  with  Mr.  Pownall  in  his  statement  about  the 
earliest  vessels  with  known  dates.  The  glass  object  in  the 
Jermyn  Street  Museum  referred  to  by  Mr.  Pownall  was  a 
medallion  of  Charles  II. ;  and  the  oldest  English  glass  vessel  of 
known  date  might  probably  be  of  the  17th  century. 

WALTER  WHITE,  Esq.  F.S.A.  stated  that  about  five  or  six 
years  ago  a  bottle  of  a  very  similar  character  was  found  in  the 
foundations  of  the  chancel  wall  of  the  church  of  St.  Phillack, 
Cornwall.  It  was  believed  to  be  half  filled  with  the  blood  of  St. 
Felicitas,  and  had  been  replaced  in  situ.  From  the  position 
where  it  was  found  it  could  not  have  been  later  than'  the  twelfth 
century.  Another  illustration  was  here  furnished  of  the  un- 
doubted antiquity  of  the  Leicestershire  phials. 

The  Secretary  stated  that  Mr.  Powell,  the  head  of  the  glass- 
works at  Whitefriars,  had  seen  the  bottles  exhibited  by  Mr. 
Pownall,  and  had  expressed  his  conviction  of  their  antiquity, 
basing  his  conclusions  on  the  peculiarities  of  the  manufacture, 
especially  the  sharp  cutting  off  of  the  rim  of  the  neck  by  the 
shears  and  the  method  by  which  the  base  had  been  detached 
from  the  mass  of  glass. 

S.  BUTTON  WALKER,  Esq.  Local  Secretary  for  Nottingham- 
shire, exhibited: — 

1.  An  Iron-capped  Stake,  which  he  thus  described  :  — 
"  I  believe  the  stake  shod  with  iron  to  be  an  ancient  British 
pike  or  other  warlike  instrument ;  it  was  found  at  a  depth  of 
something  like  15  feet  below  the  upper  surface  of  the  gravel 
bed  of  the  River  Trent  during  the  excavation  made  for  the 
coffer-dam  of  the  pier  of  the  new  bridge — the  iron  portion 
thereof  has  since  discovery  disintegrated  somewhat,  and  I  have 
therefore  been  obliged  to  have  it  varnished  to  hold  the  particles 
together,  which  has  taken  away  somewhat  from  its  ancient 
appearance,  but  I  was  obliged  to  do  this  to  preserve  it. 


136  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [18   71 

2.  Aii  implement  which  from  its  late  Gothic  form  might  be 
attributed  to  the  reign  of  Henry  VII.,  of  which  the  use  was  not 
free  from  doubt,  Mr.  Walker  himself  and  others  taking  it  for 
a  pair  of  snuffers,  others  for  a  portion  of  a  rush-holder.  See 
Proceedings  2  3-  iv-  158. 

WILLIAM  WHITE,  Esq.  F.S.A.  communicated  a  memoir  on 
the  Galilee  of  Durham  Cathedral,  which  will  appear  in  the 
Archaeologia. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communications. 


ANNIVERSARY. 

Monday,  April  24th,  1871. 

FREDERIC  OUVRY,  Esq.  Treasurer,  and  subsequently  the 
EARL  STANHOPE,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

W.  D.  Cooper,  Esq.  and  J.  G.  Nichols,  Esq.  were  nominated 
by  the  Chairman,  and  appointed  Scrutators  of  the  Balloting 
List. 

During  the  Ballot  the  following  Address  was  delivered  by  the 
President : — 

GENTLEMEN, — 

The  losses  which  this  Society  has  sustained  since  its  last 
Anniversary — or  more  exactly  speaking  in  the  period  which 
elapsed  between  the  5th  of  April,  1870,  and  the  5th  of  April  in 
the  present  year,  are  the  following  : — 

Deaths. 

The  Rev.  William  Beal,  LL.D. 
William  Henry  Blaauw,  Esq.  M.A. 
*The  Rev.  Guy  Bryan,  M.A. 
George  Chapman,  Esq. 
*Edward  Foss,  Esq. 
William  Sidney  Gibson,  Esq.  M.A. 
*Philip  Hardwick,  Esq.  R.A.  F.R.S. 
William  Chapman  Harnett,  Esq. 

*  Fellows  who  had  compounded  for  their  subscriptions. 


April  24.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  137 

Henry  Harrod,  Esq. 

John,  Lord  Henniker,  M.A. 

*  William  Alexander  Mackinnon,  Esq.  M.P.  M.A.  F.R.S. 

The  Rev.  John  Richardson  Major,  M.A. 

Charles  Wykeham  Martin,  Esq.  M.P. 

*Jolm  Nicholl,  Esq. 

*The  Right  Hon.  Sir  Jonathan  Frederick  Pollock,  Bart., 

M.A.  F.R.S. 
Thomas  Thorby,  Esq. 
Thomas  Willement,  Esq. 

Honorary. 
Signer  Bonucci. 
M.  Prosper  Merimee. 
George  Ticknor,  Esq. 

\ 

Withdrawals. 

Charles  Tilstone  Beke,  Esq.  Ph.D. 

Josiah  Goodwin,  Esq. 

William  Sandys  Wright  Yaux,  Esq.  M.A.  F.R.S. 

Within  the  same  period  the  gentlemen  whose  names  I  shall 
now  proceed  to  read  were  elected  Fellows  : — 

Elections. 

John  Major,  Lord  Henniker. 

Edward  Morton,  Esq. 

William  Bragge,  Esq. 

Wyke  Bayliss,  Esq. 

Morris  Charles  Jones,  Esq. 

Faiiiess  Barber,  Esq. ' 

William  Douglas  Hamilton,  Esq. 

The  Rev."  Benjamin  Webb,  M.A. 

George  Lambert,  Esq. 

James  Eglinton  Anderson  Gwynne,  Esq. 

The  Rev.  Thomas  George  Bonney,  B.D. 

William  Copeland  Borlase,  Esq. 

Thomas  Quiller  Couch,  Esq. 

William  Amlmrst  Tyssen  Amhurst,  Esq. 

William,  Viscount  Milton,  M.P. 

Robert  Furley,  Esq. 

The  Rev.  Thomas  Bayley  Levy,  M.A. 

Robert  Brown,  jun.  Esq. 

*  Fe'llows  who  had  compounded  for  their  subscriptions. 


138  PKOCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

William  Long,  Esq.  M.A. 

The  Rev.  John  Harwood  Hill,  B.A. 

Robert  Nicholas  Fowler,  Esq.  M.A  M.P. 

George  Bonnor,  Esq. 

John  Rae,  Esq. 

Thomas  Laurence  Kington  Oliphant,  Esq. 

John  Sackville  Swann,  Esq. 

Colonel  John  Bayly,  R.E. 

John  Samuel  Rawle,  Esq. 

James  Wilson  Holme,  Esq.  M.A. 

John  Allan  Rolls,  Esq. 

Valentine  Dudley  Henry  Gary  Elwes,  Esq. 

W.  H.  BLAAUW,  Esq.  M.A.  was  born  on  the  25th  May,  1793, 
was  elected  a  Fellow  on  the  30th  May,  1850,  and  died  on  the  26th 
April,  1870.  His  two  communications  to  this  Society  are  of  a 
date  four  years  anterior  to  his  election  among  our  body.  The 
first  was  read  on  the  19th  February,  1846,  and  is  entitled  "  An 
Account  of  two  leaden  Chests  containing  the  bones  and  in- 
scribed with  the  names  of  William  de  Warren  and  his  wife 
Gundrada,  founders  of  Lewes  Priory,  in  Sussex,  discovered  in 
October  1845,  within  the  Priory  Precinct."  (Archaeologia, 
xxxi.  438.)  In  this  paper  Mr.  Blaauw  had  decided  the  question 
of  the  parentage  of  Gundrada  in  favour  of  her  being  the 
daughter  of  William  the  Conqueror — which  some  had  doubted 
— as  well  as  of  Matilda,  William's  Queen — which  no  one  denied. 
This  position  was  attacked  by  Mr.  Stapleton  (a  great  authority), 
in  a  paper  in  the  Archaeological  Journal,  vol.  iii.  p.  1-26,  pur- 
porting to  be  "  in  disproof  of  the  pretended  marriage  of  William 
De  Warren  with  a  daughter  of  the  Conqueror."  To  this  paper 
Mr.  Blaauw  replied  in  the  second  of  his  two  communications  to 
the  Archseologia,  read  on  the  3rd  December,  1846,  and  entitled 
"  Remarks  on  Matilda,  Queen  of  William  the  Conqueror,  and 
her  daughter  Gundrada"  (Archseologia,  xxxii.  108-125).  More 
recently  the  distinguished  and  very  learned  author  of  the  "His- 
tory of  the  Norman  Conquest  of  England,"  Mr.  Edward  A. 
Freeman,  has  discussed  this  question  in  the  Appendix  to  his 
third  volume  (p.  645-658),  and  on  this  particular  point  he 
agrees  with  Mr.  Stapleton  as  against  Mr.  Blaauw.  I  may 
however  observe,  that  to  the  almost  insuperable  objection  to 
Mr.  Stapleton' s  view,  derived  from  the  express  words  of  the 
Conqueror,  who,  in  his  original  Charter,  speaks  of  Gundrada 
as  his  daughter — words  which  Mr.  Stapleton,  without  as  it 
seems  to  me  any  sufficient  warrant,  has  altered  from  "  filie 
mee"  into  "  pro  me,"— Mr.  Freeman,  I  presume  to  think,  has 
really  nothing  to  urge  but  the  improbability  that  in  another 


April  24.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  139 

Charter,-  that  of  Earl  William  of  Warren,  Queen  Matilda 
should  be  spoken  of  as  "  the  mother  of  his  wife."  "It  is 
utterly  inconceivable,"  Mr.  Freeman  adds,  "that  Earl  William 
would  have  used  this  language  if  King  William  had  been  the 
father  of  his  wife.  In  such  a  case  he  would  have  described  his 
wife  as  the  daughter  of  King  William."  For  my  own  part  I 
may  be  allowed  to  prefer  the  decisive  statement  made  by  King 
William  to  the  inference  drawn  from  the  language  of  Earl 
William.  The  wisdom  of  the  father  that  knows  his  own  child 
has  never  been  considered  so  rare  and  exceptional  as  that  of  the 
child  that  knows  his  own  father.  Those  who  read  the  pages  of 
the  three  authors  I  have  named  will  find  that  there  are  other 
grounds  also,  on  which  I  cannot  now  enter,  which  show  that 
Mr.  Blaauw  was  justified  in  his  assertion  as  to  the  parentage  of 
Gundrada. 

Mr.  Blaauw's  taste  for  historical  researches  and  power  of 
historical  composition  are  ably  shown  in  a  substantive  work 
entitled  "  The  Barons'  War,  including  the  Battles  of  Lewes  and 
Evesham.  4to.  Lewes,  1844."  A  demand  had  arisen  for  a 
second  edition  of  this  work,  and  Mr.  Blaauw  was  engaged,  I 
believe,  in  this  undertaking  when  failing  health  too  early 
arrested  his  pen.  To  the  Transactions  of  the  Sussex  Society, 
of  which  he  was  the  principal  founder  and  for  many  years  the 
sole  editor,  his  contributions  were  both  numerous  and  important. 
They  are  enumerated  in  a  well-deserved  memoir  of  their  author 
prefixed  to  the  volume  xxii.  of  the  Sussex  Archaeological  Col- 
lections. I  must  not  omit  mentioning  that  for  many  years  Mr. 
Blaauw  gave  us  the  advantage  of  his  services  as  Local  Secretary 
for  Sussex,  and  in  1851  he  was  elected  a  Member  of  our 
Council. 

GEORGE  CHAPMAN,  Esq.  was  elected  a  Fellow  on  the  2nd 
April,  1857,  and  died  in  the  month  of  July,  1870,  from  the 
effects  of  malaria  to  which  he  had  been  exposed  on  a  visit  to 
Rome.  As  will  be  seen  from  the  subjoined  note  *  he  very 
frequently  contributed  to  the  interest  of  our  meetings  by  the 
exhibition  of  objects  of  art  and  antiquity,  and  on  this  account, 
as  on  others,  his  .removal  at  an  early  age  is  an  event  we  must 
not  pass  over  without  an  expression  of  regret. 

EDWARD  Foss,  Esq.  was  born  on  the  16th  October,  1787,  was 
elected  a  Fellow  on  the  18th  April,  1822,  and  died  on  the  27th 
July,  1870,  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-three  years.  He  was 
by  profession  a  solicitor,  and  in  the  same  year  in  which  he 

*  Proceedings,  iv.  105,  208,  244  ;  2  S.  i.  288,  340,  412. 


140  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [18?lj 

joined  the  Society  he  became  a  Member  of  the  Inner  Temple 
with  the  intention  of  being  called  to  the  Bar,  an  intention  he 
never  carried  out.  His  younger  brother  was  a  partner  in  the 
firm  of  Payne  and  Foss,  so  distinguished  for  its  bibliographical 
treasures  and  book-lore,  and  by  his  mother's  side  he  was  nearly 
related  to  the  eminent  scholar  Dr.  Charles  Burney.  In,  the 
year  1840  he  retired  from  business  and  devoted  the  leisure  he 
had  so  well  earned  to  the  cultivation  of  literary  tastes ;  above  all 
to  the  execution  of  a  project  which  he  had  for  a  long  time 
cherished,  and  for  which  he  had  carefully  employed  himself  in 
collecting  materials.  .1  refer  of  course  to  his  Lives  of  the 
English  Judges.  I  must  however  give  the  first  place,  on  this 
occasion,  to  his  contributions  to  our  own  Transactions. 

The  first  of  his  communications  to  this  Society  was  made  on 
the  19th  November,  1846,  and  is  printed  in  the  Archaeologia, 
vol.  xxxii.  pp.  83-95,  under  the  title,  "  On  the  Lord  Chancellors 
and  Keepers  of  the  Seal  in  the  reign  of  King  John."  In  1853 
he  contributed  a  paper  "  On  the  Lineage  of  Sir  Thomas  More," 
which  is  printed  in  the  Archaeologia,  vol.  xxxv.  pp.  27-33.  In 
this  paper  he  shows  that  John  More,  first  the  butler,  afterwards 
the  steward,  and  finally  the  reader,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  was  the 
Chancellor's  grandfather  ;  and  that  John  More,  junior,  who  was 
also  at  one  time  the  butler  there,  was  the  Chancellor's  father, 
and  afterwards  the  Judge  ;  a  descent  which  precisely  suited 
the  "  familia  non  celebri  sed  honesta  natus "  in  Sir  Thomas's 
epitaph,  and  which  no  subsequent  inquirer,  so  far  as  I  am 
aware,  has  been  able  to  controvert.  In  the  same  volume  of  the 
Archseologia  (pp.  305-309)  we  find  a  paper  "  On  the  relationship 
between  Eichard  Fitz- James,  Bishop  of  London,  and  Lord  Chief 
Justice  Sir  John  Fitz- James,"  which  was  laid  before  the  Society 
on  the  19th  January,  1854.  On  the  16th  November  in  the 
same  year  he  read  a  paper  "  On  the  origin  of  the  title  and 
office  of  Cursitor«-Baron  of  the  Exchequer,"  in  a  letter  addressed 
to  the  Viscount  Strangford,  F.R.S.  and  Vice -President  of 
this  Society ;  the  paper  in  question  being  published  in  the 
Archseologia,  vol.  xxxvi.  pp.  26-32.  In  the  interval  between  the 
first  and  second  of  these  communications,  namely,  on  the  8th 
February,  1849,  Mr.  Foss  laid  before  the  Society  a  paper  on 
the  Justices  of  Trailbaston,  of  which  an  abstract  is  printed  in 
our  Proceedings,  vol.  i.  p.  312  Lord  Macaulay,  I  remember, 
was  present  as  a  visitor  on  the  evening  when  that  paper  was 
read,  and  he  had  never,  as  he  mentioned  to  me,  heard  of  the 
Trailbaston  Justices  before.  These  various  papers,  it  will  be  seen, 
are  all  of  them  the  produce  of  their  author's  labours  on  that 
great  work  "  The  Judges  of  England  " — the  first  two  volumes 
of  which  appeared  in  1848,  and  the  last  or  ninth  volume  in  1864. 


April  24.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  141 

It  would  not  fall  within  the  scope  of  these  obituary  notices 
to  give  any  detailed  account,  much  less  to  enter  into  any  criti- 
cism, of  works  published  outside  the  circle  of  this  Society.  This 
much  however  I  will  venture  to  predict,  that  the  "  Judges  of 
England  "  will  hold  a  lasting  place  in  the  Biographical  Litera- 
ture of  this  country,  and  will  not  soon  nor  readily  find  any  rival 
to  contest  it.  It  is  at  any  rate  certain  that  we  can  no  longer 
complain,  with  the  quaint  author  of  the  "  Worthies  of  England," 
that,  u  though  Judges  leave  more  land  than  Bishops,  they  leave 
lesse  memorials  behind  them  of  the  time,  place,  and  manner, 
when  and  where  born  and  dyed,  and  how  they  demeaned 
themselves." 

After  the  publication  of  his  magnum  opus^  Mr.  Foss  gave  to 
the  world  his  "  Tabulae  Curiales,  or  Tables  of  the  Superior 
Courts  of  Westminster  Hall,  showing  the  Judges  who  sat  in 
them  from  1066  to  1864.  8vo.  London,  1865."  And  at  the 
moment  when  death  overtook  him  he  was  engaged  in  passing 
'through  the  press  a  work-in  one  volume,  entitled  "  Biographia 
Juridica,  a  Biographical  Dictionary  of  the  Judges  of  England 
from  the  Conquest  to  the  Present  Time,  1065—1870.  8vo. 
London,  1870."  This  most  useful  and  compendious  work  com- 
prehends every  name  in  the  larger  work,  with  slight  abridg- 
ments and  corrections,  adding  to  them  the  Judges  who  have 
been  appointed  since  1864,  the  whole  number  exceeding  1,600 
lives.  Prefixed  to  this  volume  is  a  biographical  sketch  of  the 
author  by  the  Rev.  J.  C.  Robertson,  Canon  of  Canterbury,  to 
which  I  am  indebted  for  some  of  the  particulars  in  this  obituary 
notice,  and  to  which  those  who  desire  fuller  details  may  turn 
with  both  advantage  and  pleasure. 

HENRY  HARROD,  Esq.  was  born  at  Aylsham,  in  Norfolk,  on 
the  30th  September,  1817  ;  was  elected  a  Fellow  on  the  16th 
March,  1854;  and  died  on  the  24th  January,  1871.  He  was 
educated  in  Norwich,  and  practised  as  a  solicitor  there  for  many 
years.  It  is  long  since  we  have  had  to  deplore  the  death  of  a 
more  thorough  and  more  practical  antiquary  within  his  own 
especial  range.  For  proof  of  this  assertion  I  may  refer  in  tha 
first  place  to  his  well-known  work,  "  Gleanings  among  the 
Castles  and  Convents  of  Norfolk.  Norwich,  1857."  8vo.  We 
there  find  that  happy  combination  of  documentary  evidence, 
with  proofs  from  architectural  details,  which  in  the  hands  of 
Mr.  Harrod  has  proved  as  fertile  of  results  as  in  those  of  Pro- 
fessor Willis.  The  information  contained  in  this  volume  was 
"  gleaned"  during  the  twelve  years  in  which  Mr.  Harrod  was 
honorary  secretary  to  the  Norfolk  and  Norwich  Archaeological 
Society,  of  which  the  Transactions  abound  with  papers  from  his 


142 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1671, 


pen,  and  I  might  add  with  illustrations  from  his  pencil ;  for  in 
this  respect  Mr.  Harrod  enjoyed  a  great  advantage.  The  plans 
and  drawings  in  the  work  I  have  just  named  are  admirable  spe- 
cimens of  what  an  archaeological  illustration  ought  to  be,  not  a 
mere  play  of  the  fancy,  but  an  exact  representation  of  the  facts 
of  form.  Mr.  Harrod's  contributions  to  our  Proceedings  will 
be  found  recorded  in  the  subjoined  note.*  The  following  papers 
have  either  appeared  or  will  hereafter  appear  in  the  pages  of 
Archseologia.  The  first  was  read  on  the  3d  May,  1855,  on 
some  Horse-Trappings  found  at  Westhall,  illustrated  by  draw- 
ings, which  furnish  a  striking  confirmation  of  what  has  just 
been  observed  respecting  Mr.  Harrod's  artistic  powers.  His 
next  communication  was  made  to  us  on  the  16th  February, 
1865,  and  contained  an  interesting  notice  of  entries  in  ancient 
wills  and  other  documents  referring  to  the  ring  and  mantle  worn 
in  the  middle  ages  as  badges  of  perpetual  widowhood.  The  next 
was  read  on  the  1st  February,  1866,  and  is  entitled,  "  Some 
Details  of  a  Murrain  of  the  Fourteenth  Century,  from  the  Court 
Rolls  of  a  Norfolk  Manor  "  (Archaeologia,  xli.  p.  1-14).  A  third 
was  read  on  the  6th  May,  1869,  and  gave  a  history  and  descrip- 
tion of  Wymondham  Abbey,  in  the  county  of  Norfolk.  A  fourth 
was  read  on  the  31st  March,  1870,  and  went  far  to  prove  that 
the  ancient  crypt  beneath  the  chapter-house  at  Westminster  was 
used  in  the  time  of  King  Edward  I.  as  the  Treasury  of  the 
Great  Wardrobe.  Only  the  day  before  his  death  the  Secretary 
received  a  letter  from  our  lamented  Fellow,  saying  that  he  was 
then  engaged  in  putting  the  last  touches  to  a  paper  on  the 
Tower  of  London,  and  that  he  hoped  ere  long  to  be  able  to  go 
to  the  Record  Office  to  verify  a  few  references,  and  make  some 
extracts  which  would  enable  him  to  lay  this  paper  before  the 
Society. 

Mr.  Harrod  had  all  through  the  winter  been  suffering  from 
disease  of  the  heart ;  and  it  deserves  to  be  recorded  by  us  that 
the  last  time  he  ever  left  his  home,  only  a  fortnight  before  his 
death,  was  to  visit  these  apartments,  and  pursue  his  researches 
in  our  library  on  this  very  subject. 

I  have  much  gratification  in  being  able  to  inform  you  that  his 
widow,  the  eldest  daughter  of  the  late  Colonel  Franklin  Head, 
has  placed  at  our  disposal  these  valuable  researches  on  the 
Tower,  in  which  Mr.  Harrod  was  literally  engaged  up  to  the 
very  last  moment  of  his  life,  together  with  other  communications 
which  Mr.  Harrod  had  intended  to  lay  before  us.  I  am  sure 
you  will  concur  with  me  in  tendering  to  her  not  only  our 
warmest  thanks  for  thus  fulfilling,  as  far  as  she  could,  her 

*  Proceedings,  iii.  227 ;  2  S.  if.  270,  308,  311  ;  iii.  19,  65,  225  ;  iv.  341,  346,  456. 


April  24.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  143 

husband's  intentions  towards  the  Society,  but  also  the  expression 
of  our  heartfelt  sympathy  in  the  severe  and  sudden  bereavement 
which  she  has  sustained. 

Of  my  brother-in-law,  JOHN,  LORD  HENNIKER,  I  should  also 
desire  to  say  a  few  words.  Born  February  3,  1801,  and  elected 
a  Fellow  December  16,  1852,  he  was  for  nearly  nineteen  years 
associated  with  us.  During  that  period  he  was  several  times  a 
member  of  the  Council,  and  I  might  appeal  to  all  those  who  met 
him  there  for  a  testimony  to  his  ever  courteous  manner,  to  his 
patient,  nay  pleased,  attention,  to  the  cordial  interest  which  he 
felt  in  the  studies  of  archaeology,  and  to  the  undeviating  zeal 
which  he  displayed  for  the  interests  of  the  Society.  There,  as 
in  the  more  essential  avocations  of  public  or  of  private  life,  he 
was  constantly  animated  by  one  impulse,  the  desire  to  do  right, 
the  determination  to  fulfil  his  duty  in  whatever  matters,  great  or 
small,  might  come  before  him.  In  that  respect  he  might  aptly 
be  compared  to  his  contemporary  and  brother  peer  from  the 
same  county,  our  late  Vice- President  the  Marquess  of  Bristol. 
Neither  of  them  contributed  any  essay  to  our  Archasologia,  yet 
each  has  made  and  left  many  warm  friends  among  us ;  nor  will 
the  kindly  recollection  of  either  be  willingly  let  die. 

JOHN  NICHOLL,  Esq.  was  born  on  the  19th  April,'  1790,  and 
was  elected  a  Fellow  on  the  16th  February,  1843,  and. died  on  the 
7th  February,  1871.  His  contributions  to  our  Proceedings  were 
few  in  number,  but  the  pursuits  in  which  he  engaged  were  so 
congenial  to  us  that  he  deserves  a  passing  notice  at  our  hands. 
The  genealogical  collections  which  he  formed  were  admirably 
drawn  up  in  respect  of  accuracy,  and  richly  embellished  with 
armorial  bearings  and  illuminated  initials.  Seven  folio  volumes 
of  these  collections,  not  to  mention  others,  he  presented  to  the 
Ironmongers'  Company,  compiled  as  they  were  from  their 
archives.  From  these  collections  grew  his  History  of  the  Iron- 
mongers' Company,  printed  for  private  circulation,  in  imperial 
8vo,  1851,  and  again  in  4to,  in  1866.  Mr.  Nicholl  served  as 
Master  of  the  Ironmongers'  Company  in  1 859. 

CHARLES  WYKEHAM  MARTIN,  Esq.  was  elected  a  Fellow  on 
the  5th  of  December,  1850,  and  died  in  the  month  of  November 
1870.  His  name  does  not  appear  among  the  contributors  to  the 
Archasologia,  but  his  communications  to  the  Society,  as  recorded 
in  our  Proceedings,  and  as  enumerated  in  the  subjoined  note,* 

*  Proceedings,  ii.  79,  83,  94,  231 ;  iv.  119 ;  2  8.  ii.  103,  142,  283 ;   iii.  76  ; 
iv.  25G. 


144  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

were  not  unfrequent  or  unimportant.  In  the  welfare  of  the 
Society  he  always  evinced  the  liveliest  interest,  as  was  shown  by 
his  assiduous  attendance  at  the  meetings  of  the  Council.  His 
great  antiquarian  taste,  as  well  as  knowledge,  were  most  fully 
manifested  in  "  The  History  and  Description  of  Leeds  Castle, 
Kent,"  Westminster,  1869,  a  folio  volume  which  he  carried 
through  the  press  in  the  year  before  his  death.  One  copy, 
presented  by  himself,  is  among  the  most  prized  possessions  of 
our  library. 

In  Leeds  Castle,  indeed,  Mr.  Wykeham  Martin  took  at  all 
times,  as  was  natural,  a  just  and  becoming  interest.  To  that 
fine  old  seat,  or,  as  I  may  more  truly  term  it,  that  mediaeval 
fortress,  he  applied  not  only  all  the  resources  for  its  illustration 
that  pencil  or  pen  could  supply,  but  also  for  its  restoration  more 
substantial  works.  You  are  well  aware  how  difficult  is  that  task 
of  restoration,  and  how  frequently  it  ends  by  maiming  much 
more  than  it  mends.  With  Mr.  Wykeham  Martin  this  was 
never  the  case.  I  saw  the  works  in  question  on  a  visit  to  him 
during  the  last  months  of  his  life,  and  was  greatly  impressed 
with  the  excellent  taste  and  judgment,  the  practised  skill,  which 
these  works  displayed. 

In  the  year  1865  I  had  the  gratification  to  nominate  this 
lamented  gentleman  as  one  of  your  Yice-Presidents.  It  was  an 
appointment  that  gave  much  pleasure  to  himself,  and  that,  so 
far  as  I  may  presume  to  judge,  was  highly  satisfactory  to  the 
Society  at  large.  Mr.  Wykeham  Martin  was,  indeed,  blessed 
beyond  most  men  with  a  cordial  and  cheerful  temper,  which 
made  it  a  delight  to  be  associated  with  him,  and  which  seemed 
to  render  it  impossible  that  envy  or  ill-will,  or  any  other  of  the 
baser  passions,  could  even  for  a  moment  find  a  place  within 
his  breast.  Qualities  such  as  these,  in  the  persons  who  preside 
at  our  weekly  meetings,  are,  I  am  sure  you  will  agree  with  me, 
not  less  essential  to  our  well-being  than  any  amount  of  anti- 
quarian skill  or  knowledge. 

Some  two  or  three  years  ago,  or  it  might  even  be  longer,  I 
ventured  to  suggest  to  Mr.  Wykeham  Martin  the -composition 
of  a  paper  for  our  Archaeologia  which  I  thought  would  have 
proved  of  the  highest  interest  and  value.  My  idea  was  founded 
on  an  essay  entitled,  "  Mediaeval  Houses  and  Castles  in  England," 
which  was  prepared  by  him  for  the  Archaeological  Academy  of 
Belgium,  but  which  was  never  published,  nor  even  printed  in 
England,  a  few  copies  only  for  private  circulation  being  struck 
off  at  Antwerp  in  1862.  It  seemed  to  me  that  this  essay,  though 
short,  was  without  exception  the  very  best  that  I  ever  read  on 
that  prolific  subject.  It  seemed  to  me,  also,  that  it  would  admit 
of  being  re-written  on  a  considerably  larger  scale,  arid  with 


April  24.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  145 

many  farther  illustrations.  Indeed,  he  says  himself,  at  the 
close  of  his  essay,  u  an  outline  only  of  the  subject  has  been  given 
in  these  pages."  Had  that  outline  been  filled  up,  however,  in 
the  manner  that  I  wished,  it  would,  beyond  all  question,  have 
formed  a  most  worthy  appendage  to  our  own  publications. 
Mr.  Wykeham  Martin  accepted,  with  readiness,  the  task  which 
I  had  presumed  to  urge,  and  he  told  me,  when  last  I  saw  him, 
that  his  new  essay  had  already  made  some  progress,  That  he 
should  have  left  it  incomplete  adds  one  to  the  many  reasons  that 
we  have  to  deplore  his  untimely  end. 

The  most  recent  of  the  deaths  we  have  to  deplore  is  that  of 
THOMAS  WILLEMENT,  Esq.,  who  was  elected  a  Fellow  on  the  17th 
May,  1832,  and  who  died  at  Davington  Priory,  near  Faversham, 
on  the  10th  March,  1870,  at  the  age  of  85  years.  Mr.  Wille- 
ment's  contributions  to  our  Proceedings,  it  will  be  seen,*  were 
neither  numerous  nor  important  enough  to  admit  of  any  ex- 
tended notice  on  this  occasion,  but  he  was  held  in  high  respect 
among  us  for  his  qualities  both  of  head  and  heart. 

As  I  have  had  already  occasion  to  apprise  you  in  my  circular 
summons,  a  ballot  will  this  day  be  taken  on  a  slight  addition  to 
and  alteration  in  the  Statutes,  which  are  now  submitted  by 
the  Council  for  your  consideration,  and  which  wer,e  duly  read 
and  announced  at  the  Ordinary  Meeting  of  March  16,  1871. 
The  sole  object  of  this  addition  and  alteration  is  to  aid  in 
bringing  the  Society  within  the  provisions  of  the  Act  6  and  7 
Viet.,  c.  36,  which  exempts  from  county,  borough,  parochial, 
and  other  local  rates,  land  and  buildings  occupied  by  Scientific 
or  Literary  Societies.  On  the  desirability  of  securing  for  our- 
selves an  immunity  of  this  nature,  no  difference  of  opinion,  I 
venture  to  anticipate,  will  be  found  to  exist  among  the  Fellows 
of  the  Society. 

A  Ballot  will  also  have  to  be  taken  at  this  Meeting  by  the 
Members  of  the  Council  here  present  to  fill  the  vacancy  of  the 
Soane  Trusteeship,  caused  by  the  promotion  in  the  ranks  of  that 
Trust  of  our  Treasurer,  Mr.  Ouvry.  It  is  the  desire  of  the  Council 
to  nominate  to  that  post  our  Director  Mr.  Perceval,  who  seems 
to  us  deserving  of  that  or  any  other  mark  of  confidence  in  our 
power  to  bestow. 

Gentlemen,  I  do  not  think  that  there  are  many  more  obser- 
vations with  which  I  need  now  detain  you.  The  essays  which 
you  have  heard  read  at  our  evening  meetings  during  the  past 
year  will,  as  usual,  come  before  you  again — some  at  full  length 

*  Proceedings,  iii.  202;  2.  S.  i.  40. 
VOL.  V.  L 


146  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

in  the  Archaeologia  —  others  condensed  or  by  extracts  only  in  the 
Proceedings.  But  I  cannot  advert,  even  in  the  most  cursory 
manner,  to  these  papers  without  desiring  to  express  my  acknow- 
ledgment for  the  great  kindness  with  which  you  were  pleased  to 
welcome  mine  —  -the  essay  namely  in  which  I  endeavoured,  by  a 
reference  to  the  early  Christians,  to  explain  a  difficult  allusion 
in  the  sixth  Satire  of  Juvenal.  It  was  not  to  be  expected  that 
an  attempt  to  deal  in  a  new  manner  with  any  passage  in  an 
ancient  author  should  pass  by  without  eliciting  some  able  argu- 
ments upon  the  other  side.  One  of  these  has  been  contributed 
by  our  brother  member  Mr.  Black,  in  the  same  classic  language 
as  that  to  which  its  comments  were  directed,  thus  reviving  the 
practice  of  a  former,  and  perhaps  more  learned,  age,  when  Lathi 
was  commonly  used  as  the  medium  of  communication  between 
scholars  in  the  divers  European  states.  I  can  assure  you  that  I 
cordially  welcome  all  such  critical  volleys,  even  when  directed 
against  my  own  small  craft,  convinced  as  I  am  that,  in  the  long 
run,  truth  is  most  surely  elicited  by  the  amicable  conflict,  and 
sometimes  it  may  be  the  gradual  convergence  of  opposite 
opinions.  For  here,  as  Burke  once  so  finely  put  it,  "  our  anta- 
gonist is  our  helper."  With  these  noble  words  I  conclude. 

The  President  having  concl-uded  his  Address,  it  was  moved  by 
J.  Winter  Jones,  Esq.,  V.P.,  and  seconded  by  William  Smith, 
Esq.,  D.C.L.,  and  carried  unanimously  :  — 

"  That  the  thanks  of  the  Meeting  be  offered  to  the  President 
for  his  Address,  and  that  he  be  requested  to  allow  it  to  be 
printed." 

In  pursuance  of  the  Soane  Museum  Act,  referred  to  in  the 
President's  Address,  the  formal  election  of  a  Soane  Trustee  was 
proceeded  with  by  the  President  and  Council,  when  Charles 
Spencer  Perceval,  Esq.  LL.D.  Director,  was  duly  elected  to  that 
office. 

It  was  moved  by  J.  Winter  Jones,  Esq.,  Y.P.,  and  seconded 
by  Augustus  W.  Franks,  Esq.,  Y.P.,  and  carried  unani- 
mously :  — 

"  That  the  best  thanks  of  the  Society  be  given  to  C.  S. 
Perceval,  Esq.,  LL.D.,  Director,  now  Soane  Trustee,  for  the 
care  and  attention  he  has  given  to  the  editing  of  the  last  number 
of  the  Archaeologia,  and  for  its  prompt  publication,  and  for  his 
great  labour  in  bringing  up  the  arrears  of  the  Society's  pub- 
lications." 


^  Ballot  was  then  taken  on  the  question  of  the  proposed 
alteration  of  the  statutes  (see  ante,  p.  110),  which  was  carried 
unanimously. 

The  Ballot  for  the  election  of  President,  Officers,  and  Council 


May  4.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  147 

being  closed,  the  Jists  were  examined  by  the  Scrutators,  when 
the  following  Fellows  were  found  to  have  the  majority  of  the 
votes  of  the  Society : — 

Eleven  Members  from  the  Old  Council. 

The  Earl  Stanhope,  President. 

Augustus  Wollaston  Franks,  Esq.  M.A.   V.P. 

Sir  William  Tite,  M.P.  V.P.  and  Auditor. 

Very  Rev.  A.  P.  Stanley,  D.D.  Dean  of  Westminster,  V.P. 

Frederic  Ouvry,  Esq.  Treasurer. 

Charles  Spencer  Perceval,  Esq.  LL.D.  Director. 

Rev.  James  Gerald  Joyce,  B.A.  Auditor. 

George  Steinman  Steinman,  Esq.  Auditor. 

Colonel  Augustus  Henry  Lane  Fox. 

Rev,  John  Fuller  Russell,  B.C.L. 

William  £>mith,  Esq. 

Ten  Members  of  the  New  Council. 

Lieut.-Col.  John  Farnaby  Lennard,  Auditor. 
Thomas  Lewin,  Esq.  Auditor. 
Samuel  Birch,  Esq.  LL.D. 
Richard  Redmond  Caton,  Esq. 
Charles  Drtiry  Edward  Fortnum,  Esq. 
Rev.  Whartoii  Booth  Marriott,  M.A. 
Rev.  William  Sparrow  Simpson,  M.A. 
George  Richmond,  Esq.  R.A.  D.C.L, 
Hon.  William  Owen  Stanley,  M.P. 
William  John  Thorns,  Esq. 

C.  Knight  Watson,  Esq.  M.A.  Secretary. 

The  thanks  of  the  Society  were  then  voted  to  the  Scrutators 
for  their  trouble  in  examining  the  Balloting  Lists. 


Thursday,  May  4th,  1871. 
EARL  STANHOPE,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  the  Science  and  Art  Department  : —A  Catalogue  of  Anglo-Saxon  and 
other  Antiquities  discovered  at  Eaversham,  in  Kent,  and  bequeathed  by 
William  Gibbs,  Esq.  of  that  town,  to  the  South  Kensington  Museum. 
Compiled  by  C.  Roach  Smith,  E.S.A.  &c.  8vo.  London,  1871.  [Two 
copies.] 

L  2 


148  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

Trom  the  Author  :— The  Book  of  Common  Prayer  in  Ireland  :  its  Original  and 

History  ;  with  an  attempt  to  prove  that  the  Disestablishment  of  the  Church 

has  not  rendered  any  alteration  in  it  necessary.     By  John  Eibton  Garstin, 

F.S.A.     8vo.     Dublin,  1871. 
Prom    the    Royal    United    Service    Institution :— Their    Journal.    Vol.   xiv. 

Appendix.     8vo.     London,  1871.     [Completing  vol.  xiv.] 
From  the  Koyal  Institute  of  British  Architects  :— Sessional  Papers,  1870-71. 

No.  8.     4to.     London,  1871. 
From  the  Author  :—Ab  Ithel :  an  Account  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  the 

Rev.  John  Williams  Ab  Ithel,  M.A.     By  James  Kenward,  FiS.A.     8vo. 

Tenby,  1871. 
From  the  Royal  Society  : 

1.  Philosophical  Transactions.    Vol.  159,  part  2,  and  vol.  160,  parts  1  and  2. 
4to.     London,  1870. 

2.  Proceedings.     Vol.  xix.     No.  127.     8vo.     London,  1871. 

3.  List,  30  Nov.  1870.     4to.     London,  1870. 
From  J.  W.  K.  Eyton,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :— 

1.  The  Fuller  Worthies'  Library.  Lord  Brooke's  Works.   Vols.  III.  and  IV. 
8vo.  Printed  for  private  circulation,  1870. 

2.  Miscellanies  of  the  Fuller  Worthies'  Library.     Conclusion  of  Vol.  I.  con- 
taining : — The  Poems  of  William  Harbert,  of  Glamorgan.     The  Poems  of 
Humphrey  Gifford.      The  Poems  of  Dr.  William  Loe.     8vo.    Printed  for 
private  circulation,  1870. 

From  John  Fetherston,  Esq.  F.S.A. :— The  Warwickshire  Antiquarian  Magazine. 
Parts  1  to  6.     8vo.     Warwick,  1859—71. 

From  the  Royal  Historical  and  Archaeological  Association  of  Ireland  : — The 
Journal.     Vol.  I.  Fourth  Series.     No.  5.     8vo.     Dublin,  1871. 

From  the  Hon.  Robert  C.  Winthrop,  LL.D.  Hon.  F.S.A.  : — 

1.  Third  Annual  Report  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Peabody  Museum  of  American 
Archaeology  and  Ethnology.     8vo.    Boston,  1870. 

2.  Oration  on  the  250th  Anniversary  of  the  Landing  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers 
at  Plymouth.    By  the  Hon.  Robert  C.  Winthrop.     4to.     Boston,  1871. 

3.  Tributes  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society  to  the  memory  of  Hon. 
David  Sears  and  George  Ticknor,  LL.D.     8vo.     Boston,  1871. 

4.  Peabody  Education  Fund.     Proceedings  of  the  Trustees  at  their  Annual 
Meeting,  February  15,  1871 ;  with  the  Annual  Report  of  their  general  agent, 
Dr.  Sears.    8vo.     Cambridge  (U.S.A.),  1871. 

The  nomination  by  the  President  of  Colonel  Augustus  Henry 
Lane  Fox  to  be  a  Vice- President  was  read. 

The  following  gentlemen  were  admitted  Fellows  : — 
Eev.  John  Rae. 

Thomas  Laurence  Kington  Oliphant,  Esq. 
Valentine  Dudley  Henry  Gary  Elwes,  Esq.     . 

A  letter  was  read  from  JAMES  FOWLER,  Esq.,  Local  Secretary 
for  Yorkshire,  calling  the  attention  of  the  Society  to  a  proposed 
removal  of  the  Choir  Screen  in  the  parish  church  of  Wakefield.* 

*  An  excellent  drawing  on  stone  of  this  screen,  interesting  both  as  a  work  of 
art,  and  as  being  probably  one  of  the  latest  screens  ever  set  up  (until  the  Gothic 


May  4.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  149 

This  screen,  of  carved  woodwork,  with  two  high  gates  in  the 
centre,  was  fixed  in  1636,  upon  the  lower  stage  of  the  ancient 
rood-screen.  Some  years  back,  Mr.  Fowler  observed,  the  church- 
wardens removed  the  gates  to  another  part  of  the  church,  and 
stripped  off  most  of  the  ancient  carving  from  below,  to  nail  on 
to  the  reading-desk.  Later  still,  they  took  down  the  upper  part 
of  the  screen,  but  ultimately  re-erected  it  in  its  original  position. 
Since  then,  he  continued,  it  has  been  proposed  more  than  once, 
as  a  medium  course  betwixt  destroying  the  screen  and  allowing 
it  to  remain  in  its  present  position,  to  remove  it,  and  re-erect  it 
in  the  tower,  filled  with  plate  glass;  another  screen,  more  in 
character  with  the  church  than  the  present  one,  being  Bubsti- 
tuted  in  the  chancel.  It  is  obvious,  Mr.  Fowler  added,  that 
such  a  removal  would  almost  entirely  destroy  the  historic  interest 
of  the  screen,  and  he  hoped  that  the  Society  would  think  it  right 
to  address  some  remonstrance  in  the  proper  quarter. 

The  following  Resolution  proposed  by  0.  Morgan,  Esq., 
M.P.,  F.S.A.,  and  seconded  by  H.  S.  Milman,  Esq.,  F.S.A., 
was  then  put  from  the  Chair  and  carried  unanimously,  the 
Secretary  being  directed  to  communicate  copies  to  the  Church- 
wardens and  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Parish  Church  Restoration 
Committee  at  Wakefield  : — 

The  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London  learns  with  regret  that  the  very  inter- 
esting screen  at  All  Saints'  Church,  Wakefield,  after  being  once  saved  from 
destruction,  is  now  threatened  with  removal. 

If  the  restoration  of  a  monument  be  too  frequently  a  violation  of  taste,  the 
displacement  of  a  monument  is  as  frequently  a  violation  of  truth.  Removed 
from  the  spot  where  it  originally  stood,  and  for  which  it  was  originally  designed, 
it  breaks  the  historical  continuity  of  the  building  to  which  it  belongs,  misleads 
the  student  of  our  national  art  and  architecture,  and  violates  all  those  principles 
of  dealing  with  monumental  remains  which  have  commended  themselves  to  the 
judgment  of  the  best  archaeologists  in  all  ages. 

If  the  requirements  of  Divine  service  or  any  urgent  public  utility  demanded 
the  removal  of  this  screen,  the  Society  might  perhaps  hesitate  in  its  course.  But 
it  would  appear,  on  inquiry,  that  no  such  excuse  exists.  The  Society,  therefore, 
feels  bound  to  protest  strongly  against  the  removal  of  the  screen  as  untrue  in  art, 
unjustifiable  in  taste,  destructive  in  practice,  and  fatal  to  those  antiquarian 
interests  and  pursuits  which  it  is  the  duty  of  this  Society  to  protect. 

Signed  on  behalf  of  and  at  the  desire  of  the  Society, 

STANHOPE,  President. 

Somerset  House, 

May  4,  1871. 

JOHN  ADDY,  Esq.,  Stud.  List.  C.  E.,  communicated  the  fol- 
lowing account  of  a  recent  discovery  of  a  Roman  Villa  at 

revival  of  the  present  day)  between  Choir  and  Nave  of  an  English  parish 
church,  was  given  to  the  Library  of  the  Society  on  January  27,  1870,  by 
J.  T.  Micklethwaite,  Esq.,  now  a  Fellow  of  the  Society.  It  is  satisfactory  to 
learn  while  this  sheet  is  passing  through  the  press  that  milder  counsels  have 
prevailed  at  Wakefield,  and  that  the  screen  has  not  been  removed. 


150  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

Beddington,  near  Croydon,  Surrey,  accompanied  by  plans  of 
the  building  excavated,  with  specimens  of  Roman  pottery  and 
other  relics  obtained  from  thence,  together  with  cinerary  urns 
of  the  Anglo-Saxon  period  from  a  cemetery  on  the  same  site  : — 

"Early  in  1871  certain  works  in  extension  of  the  sewage 
irrigation  system,  for  some  years  in  operation  under  the  Croydon 
Local  Board  of  Health,  were  commenced  upon  lands,  a  portion 
of  a  farm  of  170  acres,  called  the  Park  Farm,  in  the  parish  of 
Beddington,  lying  on  the  north  side  of  the  river  Wandle,  be- 
tween Beddington  Lane  and  Hackbridge  railway  station. 

"  Early  in  February  the  workmen  engaged  in  cutting  one  of 
the  i  carriers  '  running  east  and  west,  for  the  conveyance  of  the 
sewage  to  the  land,  at  a  depth  of  two  feet,  came  across  a  -wall, 
which  they  removed,  and  fragments  of  red  earthenware  tiles 
about  nine  inches  square  were  thrown  out.  This  attracted  the 
author's  attention,  but  knowing  that  further  excavations  would 
have  to  be  made  on  the  same  site,  no  additional  search  was  con- 
tinued at  that  time. 

"  On  February  24th  in  digging  another  carrier  at  right  angles 
to  the  above,  at  a  distance  of  fifty  feet  from  the  first  discovery, 
many  fragments  of  Roman  pottery,  chiefly  of  a  coarse  slate 
coloured  ware,  were  found.  Several  of  these  pieces  were  marked 
crossways  with  stripes,  and  upon  being  joined  together  as  care- 
fully as  possible  proved  to  be  an  elegant  vase,  about  nine  inches 
high  and  of  a  similar  diameter.  A  piece  of  Samian  ware,  having 
a  small  pattern,  was  also  picked  up.  Accompanying  these  were 
also  large  quantities  of  bones  of  animals  and  birds,  and  a  sheep's 
horn.  These  remains  were  about  eighteen  inches  below  the 
surface. 

In  continuation  of  this  carrier  the  workmen  cut  across  a 
detached  chamber,  and  at  a  distance  of  two  or  three  hundred 
feet  further  south  found  three  coins  in  three  separate  places. 

"  1.  Commodus  (second  brass).     Extremely  corroded. 

"2.  Constantine  period. 

Obv.  Head  to  the  right,  of  Rome  or  Constantinople. 
Rev.  Victory. 

"3.  Constantine  period.     Constantius?  (much  worn). 

"  It  was  apparent  that  we  were  on  the  site  of  Roman  remains, 
and  it  was,  therefore,  determined  to  use  every  effort  to  prosecute 
the  excavation.  The  walls  cut  through  were  evidently  Roman, 
and  valuable  advice  was  given  by  E.  L.  Brock,  Esq.,  who  kindly 
visited  the  site.  He  gave  his  decided  opinion  that  a  Roman 
villa  was  about  to  be  uncovered,  and  suggested  that  more  ex- 
tensive excavations  should  be  made. 

"  These  anticipations  were  referred  to  the  contractor  of  the 
works,  Mr.  Symonds,  Reigate,  who  kindly  rendered  every 


May  4.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  151 

assistance.  Workmen  were  at  once  engaged  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  author,  to  continue  the  explorations  ;  and  the  result 
was  most  satisfactory,  as  a  Roman  villa,  of  considerable  preten- 
sions, was  by  degrees  brought  to  light. 

"  The  site  of  these  remains,  and  the  surface  of  the  ground  for 
several  hundred  feet  around,  though  somewhat  lowered  by  our 
works,  is  still  considerably  higher  than  that  of  the  surrounding 
farm,  the  general  character  of  which  is  that  of  a  deposit  of  drift 
gravel,  covered  with  surface  mould,  varying  in  depth  from  nine 
inches  to  two  feet. 

"  The  walls  of  the  house  are  about  two  feet  below  the  surface, 
and  the  portions  that  have  escaped  the  ravages  of  time  stand 
from  a  height  of  six  inches  to  twenty-one  inches  from  the  foun- 
dation. No  artificial  foundation  was  visible  beneath  the  walls, 
which  are  placed  upon  the  natural  gravel  bed.  The  walls  are 
composed  of  large  flints  and  flat  Roman  bricks  set  in  mortar. 
The  bricks  are  from  one  and  a  half  to  two  and  a  half  inches  in 
thickness  and  ten  inches  square.  The  exterior  walls  are  built 
solely  of  flints  and  mortar.  The  buildings  extend  east  and  west 
from  the  larger  central  chamber,  the  walls  of  which  are  more 
regular  and  thicker  than  any  of  the  others,  and  probably  this 
was  the  principal  apartment  of  the  building. 

"  The  internal  dimensions  of  this  chamber  are  sixteen  feet  by 
ten  feet.  At  the  north-western  extremity  there  is*  an  opening 
into  a  semicircular  structure  of  about  three  feet  six  inches 
radius ;  at  the  mouth  of  this  recess  are  two  piers  or  buttresses 
which  project  forward  from  the  interior  line  of  walls  ten  inches. 
In  this  recess  there  were  the  remains  of  the  columns  of  the 
hypocaust.  A  similar  recess,  only  larger,  was  found  at  Uri- 
conium ;  this,  it  may  be  remarked,  was  also  on  the  northern 
side  of  the  chamber. 

"  At  the  north-eastern  corner  of  the  central  chamber  is  a  rec- 
tangular apartment  annexed  to,  but  apparently  having  no  open- 
ing into  it,,  at  least  at  the  level  of  the  existing  remains. 
This  chamber  conclusively  shows  that  a  hypocaust  existed  in 
this  as  in  other  Roman  dwellings.  It  was  most  carefully  ex- 
cavated, and  the  supports  for  the  floor  above  were  clearly 
exposed.  These  supports  are  built  up  of  the  common  Roman 
tiles,  of  red  earthenware,  varying  in  size  from  eight  inches  to 
eleven  square,  and  one  and  a  half  inches  thick,  which  were  laid 
in  mortar.  They  were  built  here  to  the  height  of  twelve  inches 
from  the  foundation  of  the  walls.  The  thickness  of  the  exterior 
walls  of  this  apartment  is  fifteen  inches. 

u  Immediately  east  of  the  central  chamber,  and  at  a  distance 
from  it  of  seven  feet,  is  a  building  entirely  detached  and  uncon- 
nected by  any  wall  with  the  main  part  of  the  villa.  This  build- 


152  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

ing  was  unfortunately  cut  through  by  the  workmen.  >;  It  was 
more  perfect  than  any  other  portion ;  perhaps  its  separation  from 
the  main  building  had  preserved  it  from  destruction.  Ihis 
chamber  is  ten  feet  in  length  by  six  feet  in  breadth.^  The 
western  wall  is  of  unusual  thickness,  being  two  feeUhree  inches, 
the  other  walls  being  from  eighteen  to  twenty-one  inches  across. 
The  flooring  is  composed  of  red  tiles,  nine  inches  square,  laid 
regularly  in  mortar  to  a  depth  of  twelve  inches.  The  interior 
walls  are  coated  with  a  coarse  plaster,  composed  of  lime  and 
powdered  burnt  clay,  which  presents  the  same  appearance  as 
the  mortar  beneath  the  tiles. 

"  A  series  of  outer  and  partition  walls,  of  a  much  more  rough 
construction,  and  less  easily  defined,  are  attached  to  the  western 
part  of  the  large  chamber.  Their  relation  was  ascertained  by 
careful  examination.  From  all  appearances  it  is  conjectured 
that  they  were  offices  attached  to  the  dwelling.  South  of  the 
thick  wall  abutting  on  the  large  chamber  a  portion  of  pavement, 
five  feet  by  one  foot  nine  inches,  composed  of  square  tiles, 
appears  to  have  been  subjected  to  great  heat  whilst  in  its  present 
position.  They  were  found  to  be  fragile  when  attempted  to  be 
removed,  and  had  a  dark  appearance  as  though  they  were 
calcined.  Probably  this  was  where  the  fire  of  the  hypocaust 
was  made. 

"  Nothing  like  a  tessellated  pavement  was  met  with,  and  from 
appearances  it  was  doubtless  a  dwelling  of  but  moderate  pre- 
tensions. 

"  Large  quantities  of  fragments  of  plaster  from  the  walls  were 
found  in  and  around  the  building.  They  are  of  a  white  ground, 
marked  with  bands  of  various  widths,  from  a  quarter  of  an  inch 
to  two  inches.  The  stripes  are  principally  of  a  crimson  colour, 
but  pieces  having  sepia  and  pink  stripes  were  picked  up,  and 
some  fragments  had  traces  of  a  yellow  pigment.  Corner  pieces 
coloured  red  were  also  found,  showing  the  angles  where  the 
lines  joined.  These  fragments  of  plaster  are  formed  of  lime 
mixed  with  small  pieces  of  bricks  and  flint.  It  is  interesting  to 
note  that  the  colour  on  these  fragments  is  apparently  as  fresh  as 
if  painted  recently,  although  they  have  been  subjected  to  the 
action  of  air  and  moisture  for  so  many  hundred  years. 

"  Large  quantities  of  portions  of  the  flue  tiles  were  found  in 
the  interior  of  the  larger  chamber,  some  retaining  the  traces  of 
fire  very  distinctly ;  they  are  scored  in  various  patterns. 

"  The  space  within  the  walls  was  a  mass  of  debris,  composed 
of  made  earth,  soot,  fragments  of  brick,  tiles,  pottery,  and 
plaster  from  the  walls. 

"  The  portions  of  pottery  exhibited  various  kinds :  several 
pieces  of  Samian  ware  were  met  with,  and  others  of  a  peculiar 


May  4.] 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES. 


153 


red  ware,  adorned  by  a  natural  pattern,  produced  by  the  impres- 
sion of  a  small  shell  on  the  still  moist  clay.  Two  of  these  frag- 
ments are  represented  in  the  woodcut. 


RED  POTTERY  FROM  A  VILLA  AT  BEDDLNGTON. 

Two  pieces,  supposed  to  be  Castor  ware,  are  of  a  chocolate 
colour,  embossed  with  white  ornaments. 

"  A  bronze  bead,  about  half  an  inch  in  diameter,  was  found 
in  the  interior  of  the  large  chamber.     Two   coins  only  were 
found  in  removing  the  earth  from  the  buildings. 
u  1.   Constantine  period. 

Obv.  Head  of  Rome,  URBS  ROMA. 
Rev.  Romulus  and  Remus.     Mint  mark  TR. 
"  2.  A  Saxon  silver  penny.* 

*  The  obverse  of  this  coin  agrees  precisely  with  that  figured  in  Ruding's 
Annals  of  the  Coinage,  pi.  17,  No.  19— except  that  in  that  specimen  there  are 
eight  and  not  seven  pellets.  The  moneyer  Eadmund  occurs  on  a  coin  of  different 
type,  ibid.  Appendix,  pi.  28  (Aethelstan  No.  2),  and  the  contraction  LEIG-CE  for 
Leicester  on  other  pieces. 


154  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

Obv.  Kp  JSDELSTAN  REX  TO  BR.    Seven  small  pellets  forming 

a  rose. 
Rev>  ^  EADMUND  MO  LEIGCE.     Nine  similar  pellets. 

Many  oyster  shells,  and  shells  of  the  helix  class,  were  found 
amongst  the  d&ri*,  also  the  skull  and  bones  of  a  dog,  the  lower 
jaw  of  an  ox,  or  of  some  other  large  animal,  accompanied  with 
many  bones  of  smaller  animals  and  birds.  A  roof  tile,  deeply 
indented  with  the  impress  of  the  foot  of  an  animal,  probably 
that  of  a  sheep,  was  taken  from  the  walls  of  the  building. 

"  The  most  interesting  discoveries  connected  with  this  build- 
ing having  now  been  described,  attention  must  be  drawn  briefly 
to  the  surrounding  area,  where  further  evidences  of  Roman 
occupation  were  developed. 

"  A  lump  of  mortar  of  the  well-known  Roman  type  was  dis- 
cerned by  the  writer  at  another  spot  on  the  farm,  and  upon 
excavation  being  made  underneath,  the  foundation  of  a  building, 
apparently  about  twenty  feet  square,  was  met  with,  accompanied 
with  many  fragments  of  large  vessels  or  amphorae,  but  nothing 
worthy  of  note  in  addition.  These  remains  were  so  little  attrac- 
tive that  no  extensive  search  was  made. 

"  A  coin  of  Claudius  II.  ?  was  picked  up  adjoining  this 
building. 

"  Two  other  coins  were  picked  up  in  separate  places  on  the  farm. 

"  1.  Allectus. 

Obv.  ALLECTVS.    Head  of  Allectus  to  left. 
Rev.  LAETITIA  AUG.  .  Galley. 

Mint  mark,  probably  indicating  that  it  was  struck  at  Colchester. 
"2.  A  coin  of  Carausius  ? 

"  About  500  yards  in  a  southerly  direction  from  the  villa, 
workmen  engaged  in  excavating  surplus  material  on  April  14th 
discovered  the  remains  of  a  human  skeleton ;  adjacent  to  this  an 
iron  spear-head  of  superior  workmanship  was  found,  together 
with  fragments  of  thin  iron,  which  probably  composed  the  boss 
of  a  shield,  and  an  iron  knife.  All  these  articles  are  very  much 
oxydised.  A  few  feet  further  from  the  above  skeleton  another 
was  found,  the  excavation  made  for  the  grave  being  very  dis- 
tinct to  a  depth  of  about  eighteen  inches  below  the  surface. 

"  A  most  important  discovery  was  made  also  on  the  same 
spot  and  on  the  same  day,  as  a  large  sepulchral  urn  of  dark 
ware,  marked  with  patterns  of  considerable  elegance,  was  found. 
The  workmen,  having  received  instructions,  were  fortunately 
very  careful  in  using  their  picks,  and  although  very  brittle,  on 
account  of  the  moisture,  the  vase  was  removed  almost  entire. 
It  is  about  nine  inches  in  diameter,  and  of  a  similar  height,  and 
contained  some  fragments  of  bones  mixed  with  earth.  Another 


May  4.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  155 

one  of  smaller  size  adjoining  it  fell  to  pieces  upon  removal.  On 
the  same  site,  on  the  24th  April,  a  third  urn  of  similar  appear- 
ance, marked  with  patterns,  but  very  much  damaged,  was 
found ;  adjoining  it  were  human  bones.  A  few  hours  later 
attention  was  again  called  to  a  fourth  urn  of  smaller  size  and 
more  elegant  proportions.  It  is  about  seven  inches  in  height 
and  is  ornamented  with  encircling  lines  and  impressed  orna- 
ments. This  vase  stood  upright  in  the  ground,  and  when  the 
writer  arrived  its  impress  was  visible  at  a  depth  of  eighteen 
inches  below  the  surface.  In  removing  the  earth  from  the  in- 
terior a  fragment  of  bone  was  noticed.  Adjacent  to  the  above 
another  human  skeleton  was  found  accompanied  by  an  iron 
dagger  or  knife.  On  the  following  day  an  urn,  very  much 
fractured,  was  exposed.  It  is  of  a  similar  make  to  those  pre- 
viously described. 

66  The  site  upon  which  these  urns  are  found  has  not  the 
appearance  of  a  barrow,  although  a  space  of  about  an  acre  in 
extent  is  clearly  elevated  -above  the  meadow  surrounding.  The 
urns  and  weapons  closely  resemble  those  found  in  Anglo-Saxon 
barrows,  and  from  their  being  so  plentifully  scattered  upon  this 
part  of  the  farm,  lead  to  the  supposition  that  we  are  invading  an 
Anglo-Saxon  burying-ground. 

"  There  is  evidence  of  the  practice  of  inhumation  as  well  as 
cremation,  and  this  example  is  not  uncommon  in  cemeteries  of 
that  period,  but  before  adopting  final  conclusions  considerable 
light  is  required  to  be  thrown  upon  this  subject. 

"  The  discovery  of  these  evidences  of  Koman  and  Anglo-Saxon 
occupation  are  most  interesting,  and  may  lead  to  more  precise 
conclusions  respecting  the  Noviomagus  mentioned  in  the  Itine- 
rary of  Antoninus,  and  which,  in  the  opinion  of  most  antiquaries, 
was  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Croydon. 

"  Possibly  these  remains  may  lead  to  the  discovery  of  others 
more  important  at  some  future  time,  and  (in  conjunction  with 
the  remains  found  at  Woodcote)  help  to  establish  the  locality  of 
the  Roman  road,  which  it  is  supposed  crossed  through  Beddington 
parish. 

"  A  careful  record  of  these  discoveries  having  been  preserved, 
it  was  thought  advisable  to  continue  the  irrigation  works  in 
progress,  and  the  above  remains,  of  ancient  construction,  are 
now  hidden  from  sight,  until  some  new  engineering  or  other 
necessity  shall  overthrow  the  present  works,  constructed  par- 
tially upon  the  Roman  foundations." 

B.  SAND  WITH,  Esq.,  British  Consul  at  Crete,  communicated  a 
paper  on  the  different  styles  of  Pottery  found  in  ancient  tombs 
in  the  Island  of  Cyprus,  illustrated  by  a  series  of  coloured 


156  PKOCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

drawings  of  the  objects  described.     This  paper  will  appear  in 
the  Archseologia. 

In  connection  with  this  communication  Col.  A.  H.  LANE 
Fox,  V.P.,  and  J.  WICKHAM  FLOWER,  Esq.  exhibited  a  number 
of  Fictile  Vessels,  and  other  antiquities,  from  Cyprus,  formerly  in 
the  Cesnola  collection,  recently  dispersed  by  public  auction. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communications. 


Thursday,  May  llth,  1871. 

CHARLES  SPENCER  PERCEVAL,  Esq.,  LL.D., 
Director,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  wrere  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  the  Cambrian  Archaeological  Association  : —  Archseologia  Cambrensis. 

Fourth  Series.     No.  6.     (Vol.  2.)     8vo.    London,  1871. 
From  the  British  Archaeological  Association  :— The  Journal.     March  31.    8ro. 

London,  1871. 

From  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  : — Lapidariuin  Sep- 
tentrionale  ;  or,  a  Description  of  the  Monuments  of  Roman  Rule  in  the 
North  of  England.  Part  2.  Folio.  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  1871. 

From  J.  W.  K.  Eyton,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :— 

1.  Fuller  Worthies'  Library.     The  works  in  verse  and  prose  complete  of 
Henry  Vaughan,  Silurist.     Edited  by  Rev.  A.  B.  Grosart.     Vols.  1  and  3. 
8vo.    Printed  for  private  circulation.     1871. 

2.  Miscellanies  of  the  Fuller  Worthies'  Library.     Vol.  2.     The  Anatomic 
of  Baseness  (1615)  by  John  Andrews.     Poems  by  Henry  Lok  (1593-1597). 
The  Teares  of  the  Beloved  (1600)  and  Marie  Magdalene's  Teares  (1601)  by 
Gervase  Markham.      Edited  by  Rev.  A.  B.  Grosart.     8vo.     Printed  for 
private  circulation,  1871. 

3.  Illustrative  Papers  on  the  History   and  Antiquities  of    the   City  of 
Coventry.     From  original  and  mostly  unpublished  documents.     By  Thomas 
Sharp,  Esq.     Reprinted,  with  additions,  by  W.  G.  Fretton.     4to.     Printed 
for  the  Subscribers.     1871. 

4.  Miscellanea  Genealogica  et  Heraldica.     Monthly  Series.     Parts  i.  to  xi. 
8vo.    London,  1870. 

From  the  Nassau  Antiquarian  and  Historical  Society  :  — 

1.  Annalen.     Zehnter  Band.     1870.     8vo.     Wiesbaden. 

2.  Urkundenbuch  der  Abtei  Eberbach  im  Rheingau.     Von  Dr.  K.  Rossel. 
2ter  Band.  II.  Abtheilung.     8vo.     Wiesbaden,  1870. 

James  Wilson  Holme,  Esq.  was  admitted  a  Fellow. 


May  11.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  157 

THOMAS  M'KENNY  HUGHES,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited,  by  per- 
mission of  Miss  Atkinson,  of  Dale  Head,  Arkendale,  Yorkshire, 
a  Box  of  latten  or  mixed  metal,  in  general  appearance  not 
unlike  the  well-known  coffrets  or  shrines  of  Limoges  work,  but 
differing  from  them  in  the  shape  of  the  cover,  which  has  arched 
and  not  straight  sides.  These  terminate  in  a  straight  band  of 
metal,  heightened  originally  by  a  denticulated  cresting,  of 
which,  however,  a  small  portion  only  remains.  The  dimensions 
of  the  box  are  as  follows  : — Length,  6|  inches  ;  depth,  2^  inches; 
height,  including  the  cover,  5  inches.  The  cover  and  sides  are 
ornamented  with  incised  inscriptions,  in  Gothic  letters,  dating 
probably  from  the  end  of  the  fourteenth  century. 

Several  such  boxes,  all  very  nearly  alike,  have  been  noticed. 
Among  these  are  : — 

1.  A  box  found  at  Holbeach,  in  Lincolnshire,  figured  very 
rudely  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  1779. 

2.  Another*  in  the  Meyrick  (Douce)  collection. 

3.  A  third,  of  precisely  the  same  character  as  that  exhibited, 
but  a  trifle  shorter,  is  carefully  figured  in  the  Journal  of  the 
Archaeological  Association,  vol.  xiii.  pi.  34,  with  accompanying 
letterpress.     At  the  moment  of  writing  (March  1872),  this  box 
and  the  last  happen  both  to  be  on  view  among  the  objects  on 
loan  at  the  South  Kensington  Museum. 

The  ornamentation  of  all  these  boxes,  and  the  t  inscriptions 
which  they  bear,  are  so  nearly  identical,  that  all  would  seem  to 
have  come  from  one  workshop.  Although  there  are  some  slight 
variations  in  the  series  of  letters  forming  the  inscriptions  on 
each,  yet  there  can  be  little  doubt  that  all  are  intended  for  the 
same  thing.  So  far  as  can  be  ascertained,  however,  the  inscrip- 
tions have  never  been  read,  and  it  may  probably  be  that  they 
represent  a  real  legend  which,  by  repeated  copying,  with 
attention  more  to  the  ornamental  effect  of  the  letters  than  to  the 
sense  of  the  words,  has  become  degraded  into  unintelligible 
groups  of  characters. 

The  Rev.  HENRY  OLLARD,  F.S.A.  exhibited,  by  permission 
of  the  Mayor  and  Town  Council  of  Derby,  the  silver  Matrix  of 
the  Seal  of  that  town.  It  has  been  more  than  once  figured,* 
but  no  engraving  can  do  justice  to  the  beauty  and  boldness  of 
the  execution.  The  seal  represents  a  stag  couchant  on  grass 
with  a  conventional  tree  behind  him,  and  surrounded  by  a 
paled  fence,  corresponding  very  nearly  to  Richard  II. 's  favourite 
device  of  the  Hart  lodged,  the  deer  in  the  present  case  alluding 
to  the  first  syllable  of  the  name  of  the  town.  The  fence  of  the 

*  Particularly  in  Lewis'  Topographical  Dictionary,  article  Derby. 


158  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

park  or  hay  is  composed  of  twenty  sharply-pointed  pales,  pro- 
jecting fully  -r^-th-inch  above  the  field.  Alternating  -with  but 
outside  these  pales  are  groups  of  three  pellets,  connected  together 
by  lines,  of  which  one  series  runs  from  group  to  group,  while 
the  other  cross  each  other  saltirewise  between  the  pellets  and  the 
piles. 

These  lines  seem  to  indicate  a  net,  whence  it  may  be  con- 
cluded that  a  hay,  or  inclosure  for  taking  wild  beasts  is  intended, 
and  not  a  park. 

Mr.  OLLARD  also  exhibited  the  matrix,  and  presented  an 
impression  of  a  fine  seal  of  the  fourteenth  century,  said  to  be 
that  of  the  Benedictine  Abbey  of  St.  Mary  at  York.  This  seal 
is  not  mentioned  in  the  new  edition  of  Dugdale,  while  Drake,, 
Eboracum,  gives  a  much  earlier  seal  than  this  as  used  by  that 
monastery  temp.  Edw.  IV. 

The  seal  is  circular,  2  inches  in  diameter.  Subject :  Under 
a  crocketed  arch,  the  Blessed  Virgin  seated,  holding  the  Divine 
Infant  in  her  arms,  the  latter  nimbed,  the  former  crowned.  On 
either  side,  in  the  field,  a  lion  passant  guardant  turned  upwards, 
parallel  to  the  shafts  of  the  arch.  Above  the  dexter  lion  a 
crescent,  above  the  sinister  a  star.  Legend — 

Kp   VIRGO  PVD1CA  PIA  NOSTRI  MISERERE  MARIA. 

EDWIN  FRESHFIELD,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  a  Capital  of  a 
Column  in  carved  stone,  which  he  had  brought  from  Ayaslook 
or  Ayaslik,  near  the  site  of  the  ancient  Ephesus,  accompanied 
by  the  following  note : — 

The  capital  of  a  pillar  of  white  marble,  which  I  send  for 
exhibition,  was  found  by  me  at  Ayaslook,  the  village  near  Old 
Ephesus,  under  the  following  circumstances  : — 

I  was  riding  with  my  friend  Mr.  Edward  Purser,  the  chief 
engineer  of  the  Ottoman  Eailway,  a  long  resident  in  the  country 
and  a  real  antiquary,  with  a  store  of  practical  knowledge  about 
the  ruins  of  Ephesus,  Magnesia,  and  Tralles.  We  had  crossed 
over  the  plain  of  Ephesus,  and  had  been  tracing  the  walls  along 
Mount  Coressus.  On  our  return,  Mr.  Purser  and  I  discussed 
where  it  was  probable  that  the  Church  of  St.  John,  built  by 
Justinian,  was  situated.  Mr.  Purser  expressed  an  opinion, 
founded  upon  the  ruins  on  Ayaslook  Hill,  that  the  church  had 
been  there,  and  he  further  gave  me  his  reason  for  believing,  from 
the  quantity  of  debris  used  in  building,  that  the  Temple  of 
Diana  would  also  be  found  on  the  plain  under  the  same  hill. 

The  hill  of  Ayaslook  lies  north  and  south,  and  the  Great 
Mosque,  now  in  ruins,  is  upon  the  west  slope  of  the  hill.  Between 


May  11.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  159 

the  mosque  and  the  Ayaslook  Kafinet,  which  is  on  the  plain  at 
the  south  end  of  the  hill,  are  the  scattered  remains  of  the  village 
of  Ayaslook.  Taking  a  short  cut  from  the  mosque  behind  the 
houses,  I  observed  the  end  of  this  piece  of  marble  sticking  out  of 
the  ground,  and  saw  what  it  was.  Mr.  Purser  kindly  had  it  dug 
up  for  me. 

I  have  no  doubt  it  is  the  capital  of  a  Byzantine  column  used 
in  a  Christian  church,  but,  as  it  is  small,  it  probably  belonged  to 
a  column  at  the  side  of  a  window  or  an  arcade.  I  found  a 
similar  capital  in  a  village  not  far  from  Ak-Sher  (Thyatira)  some 
years  ago,  but  was  too  far  from  any  mode  of  carriage  to  convey 
it  to  Smyrna. 

I  attribute  it  to  the  age  of  Justinian,  and  it  most  probably 
came  from  the  Church  of  St.  John,  which  was  built  at  Ephesus 
by  that  emperor. 

The  following  is  shortly  what  Procopius  says  of  this  church  : — 
"  It  happens  that  there  is  a  steep  place  outside  the  City  of 
Ephesus. 

"  There  is  no  earth  there,  nor  would  the  soil  that  is  there 
grow  fruit  if  anyone  tried  to  grow  it,  as  it  is  altogether  rough 
and  rocky.  Here  the  inhabitants  in  former  times  had  built 
a  temple  to  the  Apostle  St.  John  called  Theologos.  This  apostle 
is  called  Theologos  because  he  relates  things  appertaining  to  God 
in  a  more  than  human  manner.  This  old  temple,  which  was 
both  small  and  ruinous  from  age,  the  Emperor  Justinian  pulled 
down  altogether,  and,  not  to  tell  a  long  story,  he  built  a  large 
and  beautiful  church  like  that  dedicated  to  the  Apostles  in  the 
royal  city,  which  I  have  already  described." 

To  imitate  Procopius,  and  not  tell  a  long  story,  the  Church  of 
St.  John  was  cruciform,  with  five  domes,  very  like  St.  Mark's  at 
Venice,  or  St.  Front  at  Perigueux,  except  that  it  was  very  much 
larger  and  was  strictly  cruciform,  and  not  in  the  shape  of  what 
is  now  termed  a  Greek  cross. 

To  return  to  my  Byzantine  capital. 

I  attribute  it  to  the  age  of  Justinian,  on  account,  first,  of  its 
peculiar  shape ;  and,  secondly,  of  the  ornament  upon  it — an 
acanthus  leaf  in  low  relief. 

It  is  not  older  than  the  time  of  Justinian,  because  the  new 
style  had  not  then  developed  itself.  The  present  capital  is  just 
such  as  you  would  expect  that  the  style  of  the  capitals  in  the 
Church  of  SS.  Sergius  and  Bacchus,  built  by  Justinian  when  he 
was  Cesar,  and  Agia  Sofia  when  he  was  Emperor,  would  lead  to 
— a  style  no  doubt  due  to  Anthemius  of  Tralles.  A  little  later 
the  acanthus  leaf  vanishes. 

The  following  is  my  reason  for  thinking  it  belongs  to  the 
Church  of  St.  John  : — 


160  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

First.  The  other  hills  near  the  ruins  of  Ephesus,  and  upon 
which  there  are  ruins,  do  not  answer  the  description:  of  the  hill 
given  by  Procopius,  while  the  hill  of  Ayaslook  eminently  does 
— it  is  altogether  rough  and  rocky. 

Secondly.  There  is  a  large  ruin  on  the  top  of  the  hill,  appa- 
rently of  a  Byzantine  church,  but  too  much  knocked  about, 
having  been  for  years  generally  used  as  a  quarry,  to  admit .  of 
the  form  being  easily  traced. 

Thirdly.  The  recent  excavations  by  Mr.  C.  Newton  and  Mr. 
Wood  have  shown  that  Mr.  Purser  was  right  in  his  guess,  and 
that  the  Temple  of  Diana  was  situated  in  the  plain  just  under- 
neath the  hill  of  Ayaslook,  about  300  yards  south-west  of  the 
Great  Mosque.  This  being  so,  it  would  seem  that 'the  three 
great  sacred  edifices  of  Ephesus,  the  Great  Temple,  the  Church 
of  St.  John,  and  the  Mosque  of  the  fourteenth  century,  were 
(as  might  be  expected)  within  a  short  distance  of  each  other. 

Fourthly.  Some  importance,  though  not  much,  is  to  be  attri- 
buted to  the  name  Ayaslook,  which  the  Greeks  declare  to  be  a 
corruption  of  Agios  Theologos. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  the  Greeks  called  and  do  call  the 
different  quarters  of  their  towns,  as  we  do,  by  the  names  of  their 
churches.  The  quarters  of  Agio  Dimitro  and  Agia  Catharina 
are  as  well  known  in  Smyrna  as  St.  Pancras  or  St.  Giles  in 
London. 

It  is  stated  by  some  that  Ayaslook  is  really  Ayaslik,  and  means 
in  Turkish  a  sacred  place  or  village,  and  has  reference  only  to 
the  mosque,  but  if  this  is  true  it  may  as  well  have  reference  to 
the  church  and  the  temple. 

Lastly.  The  other  better  known  ruins  of  Ephesus  are  at  least 
a  mile  and  a  half  off,  and  where  stones  are  so  plentiful  it  would 
not  be  worth  while  carrying  this  one  a  mile  and  a-half.  On 
the  whole,  therefore,  I  think  it  likely  that  we  have  here  a  small 
capital  from  St.  John's  Church. 

W.  M.  WYLIE,  Esq.  F.S.A.  communicated  the  following 
account  of  Ancient  Interments  recently  discovered  in  the  Ceme- 
tery of  St.  Ouen,  at  Rouen  : — 

Amidst  all  the  sorrows  and  anxiety  caused  by  the  recent 
foreign  occupation  of  Rouen,  our  old  friend  the  Abbe  Cochet 
has  just  made,  in  that  town,  one  of  the  most  remarkable  sepul- 
chral discoveries  of  the  Christian  period  which  exist  on  record. 

Last  month  while  attentively  watching  some  public  works  in 
the  gardens  of  St.  Ouen,  M.  Cochet  arrived  at  the  conviction 
that  a  cemetery  must  at  some  time  have  existed  here.  He  ac- 
cordingly proceeded  to  excavate  a  piece  of  ground  measuring 
12  metres  in  length  by  10  in  breadth,  down  to  a  depth  of 


May  11.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  161 

5  metres  30  centimetres,  or  more  than  17  feet  English.  Such  a 
space,  equal  to  some  3HO  square  feet  of  surface  measurement,  is 
sufficiently  extensive  for  fair  induction.  The  Abbe's  toils  were 
rewarded  by  the  discovery  of  no  less  than  four  distinct  strata  of 
interments,  lying  one  above  the  other,  and  clearly  attributable 
to  as  many  various  periods  of  Christian  inhumation  from  the  7th 
to  the  14th  and  15th  centuries. 

This  bird's-eye  view  as  it  were  of  sepulchral  research — this 
continuous  multum  in  parvo  illustration — forms  so  interesting 
and  important  a  resume  of  this  branch  of  our  archaeological 
studies,  that  I  cannot  but  think  that  a  brief  outline  may  be 
acceptable  to  the  Society. 

To  these  couches  or  strata  of  interments  the  Abbe'  gives  the 
names  respectively  of  Valesian,  Capetian,  Carlovingian,  and 
Merovingian. 

The  upper  stratum  of  these  interments  belongs  to  the  fourteenth 
and  fifteenth  centuries,  or  the  Valesian  period,  as  the  Abbe  is 
pleased  to  term  it.  It  is  evident  that  at  this  date  stone  coffins 
had  fallen  into  disuse.  The  only  one  met  with  here  belongs 
unmistakeably  to  the  Merovingian  period.  Its  secondary  em- 
ployment and  appearance  in  this  upper  level  must  be  attributed 
to  some  accidental  fancy,  as  in  the  case  of  the  recent  discovery 
of  a  Roman  sarcophagus  at  Westminster  Abbey. 

It  was  found  that  at  this  period  the  dead  had  been 'Committed 
to  the  earth,  either  in  a  simple  winding-sheet,  or  a  plain  coffin. 
There  were  also  the  remains  of  two  plaster  coffins.*  The  date 
of  these  remains  is  definitely  fixed  by  the  presence  of  a  number 
of  those  earthenware  vessels,  pierced  round  with  a  ring  of  holes 
and  partly  glazed,  in  which  charcoal  was  burned  at  interments 
around  the  coffin,  and  committed  with  it  to  the  grave. 

The  Abbe  has  found  no  remains  which  can  be  ascribed  to 
the  sixteenth  century. 

2.  The  second  or  Capetian  stratum,  from  about  1050  to  1250, 
is  found  at  a  .depth  of  1  metre  20  centimetres,  and  extends 
down  to  2  metres.  The  tombs  here  are  for  the  most  part  double, 
that  is,  built  one  above  the  other.  Their  peculiarity  is  that  they 
have  no  other  base  than  the  bare  soil,  on  which  pieces  of  stone 
are  set  edgewise  and  then  mortared 'together.  A  square  niche 
received  the  head  of  the  corpse,  and  the  top  was  formed  by 
several  flat  stones  laid  together.  This  kind  of  interment  is  well- 
known  in  France,  and  we  have  an  illustration  of  it  in  the  36th 
volume  of  the  Archaaologia,  PI.  xxi.  The  date  of  the  eleventh 
and  twelfth  centuries  is  more  particularly  fixed  by  the  style  of 
the  writing  on  some  16  leaden  crosses  of  the  Greek  form,  which 

*  See  Cochet,  Norm.  Soitterr.  2d  ed.  p.  408. 
YOL.  V.  M 


162  PKOCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

were  found  on  the  breasts  of  the  dead.  These  are  inscribed 
with  a  formula  of  absolution,  a  usage  peculiar  to  'the  period. 
Examples  of  these  crosses  have  multiplied  since  I  originally  wrote 
on  the  subject  in  the  35th  volume  of  Archseologia.  Among 
these  tombs,  however,  exist  a  few  of  the  early  Merovingian  stone 
coffins,  cut  out  of  a  single  block  from  the  Paris  quarries  of 
Yergele  and  St.  Leon.  These  have  been  brought  from  other 
sites  and  adapted  here  to  a  secondary  interment.  Pieces  of 
stone  placed  in  the  angles  of  the  coffin  supply  the  place  of  a 
niche  for  the  head,  and  the  usual  massive  lid  is  replaced  by  flat 
slabs  of  stone. 

The  earthen  vessels  for  charcoal,  so  numerous  in  the  stratum 
above,  do  not  appear  here,  which  induces  a  doubt  whether 
the  custom  of  interring  them  with  the  body  had  yet  become 
developed. 

The  bodies  were  all  found  with  the  hands  crossed  above  the 
leaden  inscriptions  lying  on  their  breasts. 

The  third  or  Carlovingian  stratum  is  found  at  a  depth  of 
from  2  metres  to  2  metres  80  centimetres.  Here  were  found  six 
massive  coffins,  of  one  entire  block  of  stone,  from  the  quarries  of 
this  neighbourhood,  some  of  which  indeed  belonged  to  the  monks 
of  St.  Ouen.  The  width  at  either  end  is  nearly  the  same.  The 
rude  ponderous  form  of  these  coffins  slightly  recalls  that  of  the 
Eoman  tombs  of  the  fourth  and  fifth  centuries.  The  lids  also,  for 
the  most  part,  are  of  one  piece  and  slightly  convex.  The  niche 
for  the  head  is  circular  and  worked  in  the  stone  itself,  while  this 
niche  in  the  tombs  composed  of  various  pieces  of  stone,  observed 
in  the  last  stratum,  is  always  square. 

No  kind  of  relics  have  been  found  in  these  coffins  which  would 
assist  to  determine  their  period.  The  Abbe  indeed  seems  to  have 
been  entirely  guided  in  his  attribution  by  the  sole  known  example, 
which  happens  to  be  an  historical  one.  This  is  the  tomb  of 
Robert  Champart,  one  time  Abbot  of  Jumieges,  and  subsequently 
Bishop  of  London  and  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  who  ended  his 
days  at  Jumieges,  as  a  simple  monk,  in  1052.  His  coffin  was 
discovered,  some  years  since,  below  the  choir  of  Jumieges, 
where  it  now  stands.  Some  of  these  coffins  appear  to  have  been 
used  more  than  once,  and  in  one  of  them  the  remains  of  two 
bodies  were  found.  The  hands,  too,  were  not  crossed  on  the 
breast,  as  we  have  just  noticed  was  the  case  in  the  preceding 
interments,  but  lay  on  the  abdomen,  in  the  natural  position  com- 
monly noticed  during  the  seventh  century. 

4.  We  now  come  to  the  fourth  or  Merovingian  stratum, 
extending  from  2  metres  80  centimetres,  to  a  depth  of  3  metres 
40  centimetres.  All  the  coffins  we  here  find  are  from  the 
Paris  quarries  of  Vergele,  St.  Gervais,  or  St.  Leon.  They  are 


May  11.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  163 

in  one  piece,  narrower  at  the  feet  than  the  head,  while  the 
cover  is  either  flat,  or  somewhat  gabled ;  perhaps  following 
Eoman  traditions.  Here,  at  all  events,  we  find  relics  which 
furnish  evidence  of  date.  A  vase  of  the  black  pottery  common 
to  Envermeu,  Londinieres,  &c. ;  two  belt-plates  of  iron  da- 
mascened with  silver,  a  clasp  of  chased  bronze,  amber  beads, 
and  an  iron  bracelet,  all  tell  their  own  Merovingian  history. 
No  doubt  far  richer  relics  would  have  been  met  with,  but, 
even  in  this  hallowed  spot,  we  recognise  the  hand  of  the 
spoiler,  so  common  in  the  Merovingian  period,  and  one  coffin, 
at  least,  was  tenantless,  and  filled  with  earth.  M.  Cochet 
considers  these  Merovingian  tombs  to  be  of  the  seventh  and 
eighth  centuries,  and  therefore  coeval  with  the  foundation  of 
the  Abbey  of  St.  Ouen  itself.  It  must  have  been  the  great  con- 
venience of  water  carriage,  by  the  Seine,  that  filled  Normandy 
with  these  stone  coffins,  from  the  quarries  of  Paris,  down  to  the 
tenth  century,  after  which  date  they  no  longer  appear.* 

As  all  these  coffins  of  St.  Ouen  would  certainly  appear  to  have 
been  always  destined  to  be  placed  under  ground,  we,  perhaps, 
could  hardly  look  for  any  ornamentation  of  sculptured  crosses 
upon  them.  In  fact,  the  only  thing  of  the  kind  noticed  is  on 
one  of  the  coffins  of  the  Capetian  period,  where  a  Greek  cross 
has  been  chiselled  resembling  the  leaden  ones  with  inscribed 
formulae  of  absolution. 

5.  The  fifth  or  Roman  stratum  reaches  from  3  metres  40 
centimetres  to  5  metres  30  centimetres.  It  is  a  mass  of  debris 
of  the  Roman  period  consisting  of  every  variety  of  pottery, 
ashes,  oyster  and  mussel  shells,  coloured  with  decorations,  &c. 
Among  the  ashes  were  found  four  bronze  coins  of  Trajan, 
Antoninus,  and  Clodius  Albinus.  M.  Cochet  considers  these 
debris  to  be  rather  those  of  some  public  Roman  building,  as  a 
temple,  than  of  a  private  dwelling.  Whatever  such  building 
may  have  been,  it  was  within  the  grounds  of  the  very  ancient 
monastery  of  the  Holy  Apostles,  which  dated  from  the  intro- 
duction of  Christianity  at  Rouen.  When  St.  Clothilde  restored 
this  monastery  in  530,  the  remains  of  a  Christian  altar  were 
found  with  an  inscription  recording  its  consecration  to  the 
Holy  Apostles  by  St.  Denis  (third  century).  About  650  St. 
Ouen  remodelled  the  whole  institution,  and  established  the 
Benedictine  convent.  At  this  period  the  Roman  ruins  were 
probably  levelled,  and  the  earliest  Merovingian  interments 
occurred. 

Another   historical   and  melancholy  interest  attaches  to  this 

*  In  the  Abbe's  published  works,  La  Kormand'ie  Souttcraine,  Sepultures 
Gfauloises,  Itomaines,  Franques,  et  Normalities,  &c.,  such  coffins  are  repeatedly 
mentioned,  and  dimensions  given. 

M  2 


164  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

re-discovered  city  of  the  dead.  On  this  very  spot,  on  May  24th, 
1430,  the  unfortunate  Maid  of  Orleans  was  compelled  to  abjure 
the  errors  imputed  to  her  by  her  cruel  judges.  This  was  only 
seven  days  before  her  execution  in  the  market  place  of  Rouen. 
The  history  of  her  trial  speaks  of  the  cemetery  of  St.  Ouen  as 
being  the  scene  of  such  abjuration,  but  all  memory  of  the  site 
had  faded  away,  and  has  only  been  brought  back  to  light  by 
these  recent  researches. 

This  find  is  really  a  most  remarkable  one.  All  the  interments 
in  this  the  private  cemetery  of  St.  Ouen  may  be  supposed  to  be 
those  of  persons  of  consideration,  who,  in  accordance  with  the 
belief  of  those  times,  sought  a  last  resting  place  in  a .  spot  to 
which  a  notion  of  superior  sanctity  was  attached. 

To  the  Abbe  Cochet  the  results  of  the  search  must  be  very 
gratifying,  presenting,  as  they  do,  a  fresh  corroboration  collec- 
tively of  the  general  correctness  of  his  views  on  these  subjects.* 
He  has  had  the  best  examples  of  the  coffins  of  the  Merovingian 
and  Carlovingian  periods  removed  to  Rouen  Museum. 

The  Rev.  W.  H.  SEWELL  communicated  a  paper,  in  which  he 
sought  to  clear  Sir  James  Tyrrell  from  the  share  usually  imputed 
to  him  of  complicity  in  the  murder  of  the  infant  Princes  in  the 
Tower  of  London. 

This  paper  will  appear  in  the  Archseologia. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communications. 


Thursday,  May  18th,  1871. 

COLONEL  AUGUSTUS  HENRY  LANE   FOX,  V.P.,  in 

the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  :  — 

From  the  Authors,  on  the  part  of  Her  Majesty's  Government  :—  Catalogue  of 
Specimens,  in  the  Museum  of  Practical  Geology,  of  British  Pottery  and 
Porcelain  from  the  occupation  of  Britain  by  the  Romans  to  the  present  time. 
Second  Edition.  By  Trenham  Reeks,  and  F.  W.  Rudler.  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Author  :—  Address  delivered  at  the  Anniversary  Meeting  of  the 
Geological  Society,  17th  February,  1871.  Bv  Joseph  Prestwich,  F.R.S.  8vo. 
London,  1871. 


•  I  P3  ^  i8*  °Ur  gireat  1authority  on  medieval  Christian  burial.    We  are 
indebted  to  him  for  no  less  than  five  papers  in  the  Arch*eologia  on  this  subject. 


May  18.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  165 

Notice  was  given  of  the  Ballot  for  the  Election  of  Fellows  on 
Thursday,  May  25th,  and  a  list  of  the  Candidates  was  read. 

The  following  gentlemen  were  admitted  Fellows : — 
liev.  John  Harwood  Hill. 
Richard  Woof,  Esq. 

An  Exhibition,  consisting  of  stone  implements  and  other  objects 
obtained  from  the  beds  of  drift  or  tertiary  gravel  in  various 
countries,  and  from  the  caves  and  rock  shelters  of  the  South  of 
France,  was  opened. 

In  illustration  of  this  exhibition  the  following  addresses  were 
delivered : — 

A.  W.  FRANKS,  Esq.  V.P.  on  the  remains  of  primitive  Man, 
recently  discovered  in  the  caves  and  rock  shelters  of  La  Dor- 
dogne  in  France. 

JOHN  EVANS,  Esq.  F.R.S.  F.S.A.  on  the  occurence  of  Flint 
Implements  in  the  Drift,  their  various  types  and  characteristics. 

The  following  summary  records  the  approximate  number  of 
objects  forming  this  collection,  with  the  names  of  the  gentlemen 
by  whom  they  were  exhibited,  and  the  localities  where  they  were 
respectively  discovered.  The  actual  arrangement  of  the  collec- 
tion has  been  followed. 

ENGLAND. 
1.  VALLEY  OF  THE  THAMES,  &c.     88  specimens. 

High  Terrace  Gravel,  East  Acton  and  Baling        .  .57 

Colonel  A.  H.  Lane  Fox,  V.P. 

Hammersmith,  1 ;  Hackney  Down,  1  .  .2 

Rev.  W.  Sparrow  Simpson,  F.S.A. 

Stoke  Newington,  1  ;  Peasemarsh  near  Godalming,  1        .         2 

King's  Langley,  Abbot's  Langley  and  North  Mimms         .         3 

John  Evans,  Esq.,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A. 

Reculvers,  Kent    .             .             .-  .             .             .23 

John  Brent,  Esq.,  F.S.A.  (20) 

Colonel  Lane  Fox  (1) 

J.  Evans,  Esq.  (  2) 

Swalecliff,  Kent    .....  1 

J.  Evans,  Esq. 


166  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

2.  VALLEY  OF  THE  MED  WAY,  &c.     13  specimens. 

Canterbury  ....  .10 

J.  Brent,  Esq. 

Ospringe  .  •  • 

J.  Evans,  Esq. 

Dartford   .....  .          '  >l-      1 

F.  G.  C.  Spurrell,  Esq.  F.G.S. 

Bromley   .......         1 

Coles  Child,  Esq.,  F.G.S. 


13 


3.  VALLEY  OF  THE  AVON,  WILTS.     19  specimens. 


Bemerton,    6;    Milford    Hill,    9;    Fisherton,    3;    South 

Newton,  1      .  .  .  .  .  .19 

Trustees  of  the  Blackmore  Museum,  Salisbury. 

4.  THE  SOLENT  DISTRICT.     13  specimens. 

Hill  Head,  near  Fareham  .  ...         2 

Blackmore  Museum     (1) 
J.  Evans,  Esq.  (1) 

Southampton,  3  ;  Alverstoke,  1     .  .  .  .4 

J.  Evans,  Esq. 

Fordingbridge  and  Ashford  .  .  .  .3 

Blackmore  Museum     (2) 
J.  Evans,  Esq.  (1) 

Bournemouth        .  .  .  .  .  .         3 

J.  Evans,  Esq. 
Foreland,  Isle  of  Wight    .  .  .  .         1 

T.  Codrington,  Esq. 

JL3 

5.  SOMERSETSHIRE.     12  specimens. 

Chard        ...... 

Blackmore  Museum. 
Wokey  Hole         .  .  .  .  .9 

J.  Wickham  Flower,  Esq.,  F.G.S. 

12 


May  18.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  167 

6.  VALLEY  OF  THE  OUSE,  BEDS.  AND  NORFOLK.    3  specimens. 

Biddenham  ......         1 

J.  Evans,  Esq. 

Bedford     ....  1 

Colonel  Lane  Fox. 

South  Wooton,  King's  Lynn         .  .  .  .         1 

James  Wyatt,  Esq.,  F.G.S. 

_3 

7.  VALLEY  OF  THE  LITTLE  OUSE,  NORF.  AND  SUFF. 

42  specimens. 

Santon  Downham  .  .  .  .  .18 

Rev.  W.  Weller  Poley       (13) 
J.  Evans,  Esq.  (  3) 

H.  R.  Maynard,  Esq.         (  2) 

Brandon,  1 ;  ^Wanford,  5  ....         6 

J.  Evans,  Esq. 

Broomhill,  Weeting  .  .  .  .  .4 

Rev.  W.  W.  Poley       (3) 
H.  R.  Maynard,  Esq.  (1) 

Shrub  Hill,  Feltwell          .....         6 

J.  Evans,  Esq.  (3) 

Sir  John  Lubbock,  Bart.,  M.P.,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A.  (1) 

Sir  Charles  Lyell,  Bart.,  F.R.S.  (2) 

Thetford    .  .  .  .  .  .  .   '     8 

J.  Evans,  Esq.         (5) 
Sir  J.  Lubbock          (1) 

Sir  C.  Lyell  (2)  

_42 

Also  a  series  of  classified  specimens  from  the  above  localities. 
J.  Wickham  Flower,  Esq.,  F.GLS. 

8.  VALLEY  OF  THE  WAVENEY.     6  specimens. 

The  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London       (5)* 
J.  Evans,  'Esq.  (1) 

9.  VALLEY  OF  THE  LARK,  SUFFOLK.     5  specimens. 
Icklingham  .  ....         3 

J.  Evans,  Esq. 

Mildenhall,  Brick  Earth  at  High  Lodge    ...         2 
A.  W.  Franks,  Esq.  V.P. 

*  These  were  the  five  specimens  discovered  in  1797,  and  which  are  figured  and 
described  in  the  Archteologia,  xiii.  204,  plates  xiv.  xv. 


168  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

FRANCE. 

1.  VALLEY  OF  THE  SOMME.     92  specimens. 

St.  Acheul,  near  Amiens   .  .             .             .             .60 

J.  Evans,  Esq.  (10) 

Sir  J.  Lubbock  (  5) 

Sir  C.  Lyell  (45) 


27 


Montiers, 

near  Amiens 

. 

J.  Evans,  Esq. 
Sir  J.  Lubbock 

(3) 
(  2) 

Abbeville 

g 

. 

J.  Evans,  Esq. 

(  4) 

Sir  J.  Lubbock 

(  1) 

Sir  C.  Lyell 

(22) 

92 

And  a  series  of  classified  specimens  from  this  valley. 
J.  W.  Flower,  Esq. 

2.  VALLEY  OF  THE  BRETTE.    4  specimens. 

Vaudricourt,  near  Bethune  (Pas  de  Calais)  .  .         4 

J.  Evans,  Esq. 

3.  VALLEY  OF  THE  LOIRE.     3  specimens. 

Marboue    .  .  .  .  .  .  .2 

J.  Evans,  Esq.  (1) 

A.  W.  Franks,  Esq.    (1) 

Vendome  .......         1 

J.  Evans,  Esq. 

4.  VALLEY  OF  THE  SEINE.     1  specimen. 

Charenton  .....  1 

J.  Evans,  Esq. 

5.  PLATEAUX  OF  POITOU.     19  specimens. 

La  Folie,  Poitiers  .......         1 

J.  Evans,  Esq. 
Various  localities   .  .18 

J.  Evans,  Esq.  (7) 

A.  W.  Franks,  Esq.    (11) 

19 


May  18.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES  169 

6    VALLEY  OF  THE  CLAISE,  VIENNE.     2  specimens. 

J.  Evans,  Esq.  (1) 

A.  W.  Franks,  Esq.   (1)  (a  cast). 

7.  LA  DORDOGNE. 

A  collection  of  casts  of  objects  in  reindeer  horn,  with  sculptured 

subjects,  from  the  caves  and  rock  shelters. 
Cast  and  lithograph  of  a  fragment  of  mammoth  tusk,  bearing  a 

scratched  drawing  of  the  mammoth,  from   rock   shelter   at 

La  Madelaine. 
Breccia,   worked   flints,    cores,    and    flakes ;    harpoon-heads  in 

reindeer  horn,  and  bone  needles. 
Photographs,   drawings,    lithographs,  and   plans  illustrative  of 

discoveries  in  caves,  &c.  of  this  district. 
A.  W.  Franks,  Esq. 

SPAIN. 

MADRID.     1  specimen  (a  cast). 
J.  Evans,  Esq. 

INDIA. 

Specimens  of  implements  in  quartzite,  from  the  Laterite  Beds, 
Madras  Presidency.     9  specimens. 

Col.  Lane  Fox  (5) 

Sir  J.  Lubbock  (2) 

Sir  C.  Lyell  (2) 

ABSTRACT  OF  NUMBER  OF  SPECIMENS  OF  IMPLEMENTS. 
ENGLAND. 

1.  Thames  .  .  .88 

2.  Medway  .  .  .  .13 

3.  Avon,  Wilts      •  •  •  .19 

4.  Solent  district  .  .  .  .13 

5.  Somersetshire    .  .  .  .12 

6.  Ouse     .....  3 

7.  Little  Ouse        .  .  .  .42* 

8.  Waveney  ....  6 

9.  Lark     .....  5 

Total         .  .  .201 

*  Exclusive  of  classified  collections  by  J.  W.  Flower,  Esq. 


170  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

FRANCE. 

1.  Somme.  ....         92* 

2.  Brette  .  • 

3.  Loire  3 

4.  Seine    ...  1 

5.  Poitou  .  .  .  .  .19 

6.  Claise    ...  .2. 

Total         .  .  .       121 

SPAIN. 

One  specimen. 

INDIA. 

Nine  specimens. 


It  was  ordered  that  the  Thanks  of  the  Society  be  returned 
to  the  several  contributors  to  this  Exhibition,  and  to  Mr.  T.  K. 
Gay  for  the  zealous  assistance  rendered  by  him  to  the  officers  of 
the  Society  in  the  arrangement  of  the  Collection. 

The  Palaeolithic  Exhibition  continued  open  during  the  hours  of 
10  A.M.  to  4  P.M.  on  Friday,  May  19,  and  on  the  following  days 
until  Thursday,  May  25.  The  number  of  persons,  Fellows  of  the 
Society,  and  others,  who  availed  themselves  of  this  opportunity 
of  examining  a  very  large  collection  of  objects  of  the  early  Stone 
Period  was  upwards  of  500. 


Thursday,  May  25th,  1871. 
AUGUSTUS  W.  FEANKS,  Esq.  V.P.  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  the  Koyal  Institution  of  Great  Britain  : — Proceedings.  Vol.  vi.  Part  iii. 
No.  54.  8vo,  London,  1871. 

From  Her  Majesty's  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Home  Department.  By  The 
Queen.  A  Proclamation  regulating  the  Distribution  of  the  net  proceeds  of 
Prizes  captured  from  the  enemy.  Given  at  Windsor,  16th  May,  1871,  34th 
year  of  reign.  Broadside  folio.  (Two  copies.) 

*  Exclusive  of  classified  collections  by  J,  W.  Flower,  Esq. 


May  25.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  171 

Robert  Brown,  junior,  Esq.  was  admitted  a  Fellow. 

This  being  an  evening  appointed  for  the  Election  of  Fellows 
no  papers  were  read. 

The  Ballot  began  at  a  quarter  to  nine  and  ended  at  half-past 
nine,  when  the  following  candidates  were  declared  to  be  duly 
• 

William  Hazlitt,  Esq. 

William  Adlam,  Esq. 

Charles  Harcourt  Chambers,  Esq.  M.A. 

John  Edward  Price,  Esq. 

Thomas  Brooke,  Esq. 

Rev.  Francis  John  Rawlins,  M.A. 

Cunninghame,  Lord  Borthwick, 

Eev.  Richard  Valpy  French,  LL.D. 

Bamuel  Dutton  Walker,  Esq. 

Edward  Jackson  Barren,  Esq. 

Honorary. 

The  Due  de  Broglie. 
Signer  Rudolfo  Lanciani. 
Professor  Sven  Nilsson. 
II  Cavaliere  Giuseppe  Fiorelli* 


Thursday,  June  8th,  1871. 
C.  S.  PERCEVAL,  Esq.,  LL.D.,  Director,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  the  Royal  Institution  of  Cornwall : — Journal,  with  the  Fifty-Third  Annual 
Report.    No.  XII.     April.     8vo.     Truro,  187-1. 

From  the  Author  : — The  Jacobite  Lairds  of  Gask.     By  T.  L.  Kington  Oliphant, 
Esq.     8vo.     London,  1870. 

From  the  Royal  Irish  Academy : — 

1.  Transactions.    Vol.  xxiv.     Science.     Parts  16,  17,  and  Title  and  Con- 
tents.    [Completing  the  vol.]     4to.    Dublin,  1870-1. 

2.  Proceedings.     Vol.  ix.    Parts  2  and  3   [not  previously  presented,]  and 
Vol.  x.    8vo.     Dublin,  1865—70. 

3.  Proceedings.     Vol.  I.,  Series  2.     Nos.  1  and  2.     8vo.     Dublin,  1870-1. 

4.  Address  delivered  before  the  Royal  Irish  Academy.     November  30,  1870. 
By  John  H.  Jellett,  B.D.,  President.     8vo.     Dublin,  1870. 

5.  Report  of,  the   Council  for    the    year  ending  March   16,   1871.    8vo. 
Dublin,  1871. 


172  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

From  the  London  Institution  :—  Journal.     No.  6.    Vol.  I.    8vo.    London,  1871. 
From  the  Koyal  Institute  of  British  Architects  :— Sessional  Papers  1870-71. 

No.  9.     4to.     London,  1871. 
From  the  Archaeological  Section  of  the  Birmingham  and  Midland  Institute, 

through    S.   Timmins,  Esq.,    President :— Transactions,    Excursions,  and 

Eeports.  1870.     4to.    Birmingham,  1871. 
From  J.  W.  K.  Eyton,  Esq.  F.S.A.  : — Miscellanea  Genealogica  et  Heraldica. 

Monthly  Series.    Edited  by  J.  J.  Howard,  LL.D.  F.S.A.    No.  xii.    May. 

8vo.    London,  1871. 
From  C.  Knight  Watson,  Esq.  M.A.,  F.  and  Sec.  S.A.  : — Historical  Notices  of 

the  Society  of  Dilettanti.     Printed  for  private  circulation  only.     4to.     Lon- 
don, 1855. 
From  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society  : — 

1.  Proceedings.     1869-1870.     8vo.    Boston,  1871. 

2.  Bibliography  of  the   Massachusetts    Historical    Society.      By   Samuel 
A.  Green,  M.D.    (From  Proc.  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  1871).     8vo.    Boston,  1871. 

From  the  Author  : — Notes  on  the  Pilgrims'  Way,  in  West  Surrey.  By  Captain 
E.  Kenouard  James,  B.E.  8vo.  London  and  Guildford,  1871. 

From  the  Royal  Society  : — Proceedings.     Vol.  xix.     No.  128.     8vo.    London, 

1871. 
From  the  Canadian  Institute  :— The  Canadian  Journal  of  Science,  Literature, 

and  History.     Vol.  xiii.    No.  1.     May.     8vo.     Toronto,  1871. 

From  the  East  India  Association  : — Journal.  Vol.  v.  No.  1.  8vo.  London, 
1871. 

From  the  Koyal  Archseological  Institute  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  : — The 
Archaeological  Journal.  No.  108.  [Completing  vol.  xxvii.]  8vo.  Lon- 
don, 1870. 

From  the  Royal  United  Service  Institution  :— Journal.  Vol.  xv.  No.  62.  8vo. 
London,  1871. 

The  following  gentlemen  were  admitted  Fellows  : — 

Rev.  Thomas  Bayley  Levy. 
John  Edward  Price,  Esq. 
William  Hazlitt,  Esq. 
Rev.  Francis  John  Rawlins. 
William  Adlam,  Esq. 
Edward  Jackson  Barron,  Esq. 
Thomas  Thompson,  Esq. 

The  Joint- Committee  of  the  Bridge  House  Estates  and  Im- 
provement Committees  of  the  Corporation  of  the  City  of  London 
exhibited  and  presented  a  Bronze  Medal,  struck  in  commemora- 
tion of  the  visit  of  Her  Most  Gracious  Majesty  the  Queen  to  the 
City  of  London,  to  open  Blackfriars  Bridge  and  the  Holborn 
Valley  Viaduct,  6th  November,  1869.  Obv.  head  in  profile  to 
the  left,  VICTORIA  D.G.  BRIT.  REGINA  F.D.  Rev.  1869,  Holborn 
Viaduct  and  Blackfriars  Bridge,  combined  with  wreaths  of  oak 
and  laurel,  and  supported  by  figures  of  London  and  Britannia. 


June  8.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  173 

In  the  centre  a  shield  of  the  City  arms.     G.  G.  Adams.  D.  so. 
Diameter  3  inches. 

The  Rev.  J.  H.  HILL,  F.S.A.  exhibited  a  Koman  Amphora  of 
small  size  and  ordinary  type,  lately  found  in  Barbican,  London. 

A.  W.  FRANKS,  Esq.  V.P.  exhibited  the  silver  matrix  of  a 
seal  of  the  town  of  Manetin,  near  Pilsen,  in  Bohemia. 

The  seal  is  circular,  nearly  1J  inch  diameter.  At  the  back  is 
a  handle  consisting  of  a  semicircular  plate  of  like  diameter, 
hinged  on  to  the  seal.  This  handle  seems  originally  to  have 
been  furnished  with  a  loop  for  suspension.  The  back  of  the  seal 
is  engraved  with  scroll  work ;  one  side  of  the  handle  with  a 
demi-angel  supporting  a  tablet  with  the  date  1569,  by  his  side  a 
flower-pot :  two  dolphins,  with  interlaced  tails  on  the  other  side. 

The  cypher  A  I  or  A  T,  is  engraved  on  the  back,  where  is  also 
a  punch-mark,  with  the  letters  c  R  or  c  F. 

The  impression  of  the  seal  is  a  shield  bearing  a  cross  patee 
dimidiating  an  eagle  displayed. 

Legend  in  Koman  character,  s.  +  CIVIYM  IN  MANETIN  + .  On 
the  field  outside,  and  within  the  curves  of  the  sides  of  the 
shield  are  the  figures  6  9,  agreeing  with  the  date  on  the  handle. 

W.  H.  BLACK,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  a  sealing  wax  impres- 
sion of  the  reverse  of  the  Seal  of  the  Chapter  of  the  Benedictine 
Monastery  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  Dunfermline,  taken  from  the 
brass  matrix,  which  was  found  in  1840  in  pulling  down  an 
ancient  building  in  Gateshead,  formerly  the  Hospital  of  St. 
Edmund.* 

An  impression  from  the  same  matrix  was  presented  to  the 
Society  on  Jan.  28th,  1841,  by  J.  0.  Halliwell,  Esq.  F.S.A., 
from  whom  Mr.  Black  had  obtained  that  now  exhibited. 

The  matrix  of  the  obverse  is  in  the  Bodleian  Library. 

Mr.  H.  Laing  in  his  Scottish  Seals,  1st  Series,  'No.  101 2,  has 
identified  the  reverse  by  finding  both  parts  appended  to  an 
instrument  dated  1590. 

Both  parts  of  the  seal  will  be  found  engraved  overleaf,  it  is 
believed  for  the  first  time  in  juxtaposition,  f  Dr.  Rawlinson  in 
1751  included  the  obverse  (of  which  the  matrix  was  then  in  his 
possession)  in  a  small  copperplate  of  six  Scottish  seals,  of  which 
an  impression  is  in  the  library  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries, 
but  it  is  not  known  whether  this  plate  was  ever  published. 

The  subject  of  the  obverse  is  pretty  clear,  representing  a  cele- 

*  See  Archaeologia  JEliana,  vi.  106. 

f  The  obverse  from  a  cast  of  the  original,  obligingly  forwarded  by  Mr.  Henry 
Laing. 


174 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 


[1871, 


SEAL  OF  THE  ABBEY  OF  DUNFERMLINE. 


June  8.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  175 

bration  of  Mass,  at  which  are  assisting  a  crowned  female  figure, 
doubtless  St.  Margaret  of  Scotland,  foundress  of  the  Church, 
and  another  figure  of  doubtful  sex.* 

The  Legend  is : 

-f  8IG1LL'  CAPIT'LI  GCCL'IG  SC'G  TRINITATIS  D6 
DVNF6RMGLIN. 

The  reverse,  representing  the  Majesty,  or  Our  Lord  sitting  in 
judgment,  is  of  remarkably  fine  design  and  execution. 

The  legend  has  not  hitherto  been  quite  correctly  read.  It 
runs  thus,  the  contractions  being  expanded  : 

MORTIS  VEL  VITE  BREVIS  EST  VOX,  ITE,  VENITE  : 
DICETUR  REPROBIS,  ITE — VENITE,  PROBIS. 

The  contraction  for  EST  is  particularly  deserving  of  notice.  It 
occurs  but  rarely,  and  then  in  documents  of  the  eleventh 
century.  The  occurrence  on  a  seal  of  the  contraction  for  VEL  is 
also  observable. 

Major  COOPER  COOPER,  F.S.A.  exhibited  two  leaden  private 
Seals  of  the  thirteenth  or  early  fourteenth  century,  dug  up  at 
Toddington,  Bedfordshire,  the  impressions  from  which  may  be 
thus  described : 

1.  Circular,  1  inch  in  diameter.     Subject,  a  seven-pointed  star 
or  flower.     Legend : 

+  S'TEPp'I  .  ROW6(. 

2.  Pointed  oval,  1£  inch  long.     Subject,  a  flower  resembling 
a  rude  fleur-de-lis.     Legend  : 

+  S'  MTILD'  P6(COCK. 

W.  C.  BOULTER,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  and  presented  a  full- 
sized  photograph  of  a  fragment  of  a  Seal  in  brown  wax  appended 
to  an  original  deed,  dated  St.  Barnabas  Day,  10  Henry  IV., 
whereby  the  Abbat  and  Convent  of  Beauchief  (De  Bello  Capite) 
grant  lands  at  Wymondeswolde  (hodie  Wymeswold),  co.  Leicester. 
This  document  is  in  the  possession  of  J.  H.  Hill,  Esq.,  Solicitor, 
of  Hull. 

The  subject  of  the  seal,  which  when  entire  would  seem  to 
have  been  oval,  about  2  inches  in  the  greater  diameter,  is  the 
Martyrdom  of  St.  Thomas  of  Canterbury,  treated  in  the  usual 
conventional  manner  of  the  fourteenth  century,  agreeing  in  this 

*  Compare  the  second  seal  of  the  Chapter  of  Glasgow,  figured  in  Laing's 
Scottish  Seals,  1st  Series,  No.  1024,  plate  xxii.  fig.  2,  where  a  similar  subject,  a 
celebration  attended  by  one  person  only,  occurs.  An  earlier  seal  of  Dunfermline 
is  described  in  the  same  work,  2nd  Series,  No.  1133. 


176  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

respect  ^ith  other  seals  of  the  Abbey  noticed  in  the  Mpnasticon. 

The  letters  CCL6S,  a  part  of  the  word  ECCLESIE  are  all  that 
remain. 

Dr.  Pegge  in  his  History  of  Beauchief  Abbey,  printed  in 
Nichols'  Bibliotheca  Topographica  Britannica,  vol.  ix.  in  the 
plate  xii.  fig.  B.,  has  engraved  this  seal,  also  from  an  imperfect 
impression,  whence  he  has  been  led  into  the  error  of  substituting 
COMMUNE  for  ECCLESIE. 

Completing  the  legend  from  the  two  examples,  it  must  have 
run  thus :  .- 

s'  eccLesie  SANCTI  xpoMe  MARTIRIS  D*  BeAvcpiep. 

The  Premonstratensian  Abbey  of  Beauchief,  according  to  Dr. 
Pegge,  pp.  8,  9,  owned  a  manor  at  Wymeswold,  and  were 
impropriators  of  the  Rectory  there. 

Burton  in  his  History  of  Leicestershire  notices  that  in  one  of 
the  windows  of  that  Church  was  an  (i  Orate  "  for  an  Abbat  of 
Beauchief. 

Besides  the  present  seal  and  one  more  common  seal  of  the 
Abbey  described  in  the  Monasticon,  there  is  extant  a  small 
official  seal  of  the  Abbat.  It  is  of  oval  form,  exhibiting  the  not 
uncommon  design  of  a  hand  issuing  out  of  the  sinister  side  of 
the  field,  grasping  a  pastoral  staff  in  pale.  Legend  : 

SIGILLLM  ABBATIS  DE  BELLO  CAPITE. 

J.  J.  HOWARD,  Esq.  LL.D.  F.S.A.  exhibited,  by  the  per- 
mission of  the  Mayor  and  Corporation  of  Coventry,  the  following 
original  Documents  and  Seals  : — * 

1.  A  transcript,  on  two  skins  of  parchment,  of  two  Records 
of  the  Marshalsea  Court,  temp.  5  Hen.  V.  held  at  Coventry, 
exemplified  under  the  official  seal  of  the  Court.  The  following 
is  an  abstract  of  these  two  records  : — 

The  first  record  is  of  a  trial  at  the  "  Placita  Aulae  Hospitii 
Domini  Regis  coram  Seneschallo  et  Marescallo,"  originating  out 
of  an  inquisition  taken  at  Coventry  before  the  steward  and  marshal 
of  the  King's  household,  on  Wednesday  next  after  -the  feast  of 
St.  Laurence  the  Martyr,  5°  Hen.  V.  (Aug.  11,  1417),  whereby 
a  jury  of  the  vicinage  of  Coventry  present  that  a  common  foot- 
way, leading  from  Cook  Street  in  that  city,  to  a  grange  of  the 
Prior  of  St.  John,  called  HarnalPs  Grange,  is  ruinous  and 
founderous,  to  the  grievous  nuisance  of  the  King  and  his  people, 
by  reason  of  the  omission  by  the  Prior  of  St.  Mary,  Coventry, 
to  scour  (escurationis)  an  adjacent  ditch  (fovece).  That  it  was 

*  Exhibitions  of  other  charters  and  documents  from  the  Coventry  archives, 
obligingly  procured  by  Mr.  Howard,  will  be  found  noticed  in  Proceedings, 
2  S.  ii.  155,  183,  188,  444  ;  iii.  52  ;  v.  59. 


JuilC  8.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  177 

his  duty  to  scour  it,  by  reason  of  his  having  land  abutting 
thereon,  that  all  his  predecessors  used  to  scour  it,  and  that 
the  way  had  been  ruinous  ever  since  Christmas,  anno  primo 
Hen.  Vli.  Whereupon  the  prior  is  summoned  to  attend  the 
court  on  Friday  next  before  St.  Bartholomew's  Day  (Aug.  20), 
wherever,  &c.  within  the  verge,  to  answer  the  King  of  the  said 
nuisance.  On  that  day  Robert  Faireford,  the  King's  attorney, 
appears  against  the  prior,  who  appears  by  William  Ham  his 
attorney,  and  (with  protestation  that  he  did  not  know  that  the 
way  was  in  fact  ruinous  as  presented,)  pleads  that  it  was  not 
his  duty  to  scour  the  ditch,  as  his  predecessors  never  had  done 
so.  On  this  issue  is  joined,  to  be  tried  per  patriam,  and  a  jury 
awarded,  who  after  a  continuance  on  St.  Bartholomew's  JDay, 
come  on  the  morrow  of  that  feast  (August  25),  and,  being  sworn, 
return  a  verdict  for  the  defendant.  Judgment  accordingly. 

The  second  record  arises  on  a  similar  presentment  of  nuisance 
against  the  prior,  of  the  same  date,  before  the  same  court,  the 
process  and  continuances  the  same,  and  tried  before  the  same  jury, 
on  the  same  day.  The  presentment  is  that  there  is  a  certain  high- 
way of  the  lord  the  King  in  the  town  of  Radeford,  within  the 
liberty  of  the  city  of  Coventry,  whereby  men  go  from.  Coventry  to 
Radeford,  ruinous,  broken,  and  unrepaired,  to  the  nuisance,  &c., 
by  default  of  scouring  of  a  ditch  on  the  west  side  of  that  highway, 
to  wit,  from  a  certain  water-mill  called  Radeford  Mill,  to  another 
mill  called  Hille  Mill,  which  the  prior  is  bound  to  clean  and 
scour,  by  reason  of  his  lands  lying  on  either  side  of  the  ditch, 
and  that  the  prior  and  all  his  predecessors  used  to  scour  it,  and 
by  reason,  &c.,  were  bound  to  do  so.  And  that  the  highway 
had  been  ruinous,  &c.,  from  Christmas,  in  the  10th  Henry  IV. 
The  trial,  as  in  the  former  case,  resulted  in  a  verdict  for  the 
prior. 

u  In  cujus  rei  testimonium  sigilJum  officii  curie  marescalcie 
hospitii  domini  Regis  istis  Inquisitlonibus  est  appensum." 

The  fine  seal  attached  to  this  record  is  circular,  If  in.  dia- 
meter. Subject,  in  a  circle  ornamented  with  tracery,  a  shield 
bearing  two  bars,  and  in  chief  three  roundels,  on  either  side  of 
the  shield  a  sickle.  Three  lions  passant  guardant  surround  the 
shield,  immediately,  above  and  below  which,  a  small  sprig  of 
flowers  is  introduced  in  the  field. 

Legend, 

Stfltiium  :  offictt :  mawscalcte :  fjosptctt :  Uomtni :  tegts. 

This  seal  bears  the  personal  arms  of  Sir  Walter  Hungerford 
of  Heytesbury,  who  not  long  before   this  time  succeeded  Sir 
VOL.  v.  N 


178  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

Thomas  Erpingham  as  steward  of  the  household.*  •  He  was  a 
person  of  great  repute  with  King  Henry  V.  In  1418  he  was 
made  K.G.  ;  was  one  of  the  executors  of  the  King's  will,  and  in 
the  next  reign  became  Lord  High  Treasurer. 

According  to  Hoare's  Hung  erf ordiana^  p.  6,  Walter  de 
Hungerford,  grandfather  of  our  lord  steward,  married  Elizabeth, 
daughter  and  heir  of  Sir  Adam  FitzJohn,  of  Chevill,  in  Wilts, 
whose  arms  were,  Sable,  two  bars  argent,  and  in  chief  three 
plates,  which  coat  was  assumed  by  the  lady's  descendants,  or 
indeed  by  her  husband.  And  this  is  to  some  extent  borne  out 
by  the  Roll  temp.  Edw.  II.  which  gives  the  coat  in  question  to 
Sir  Adam  FitzJohn,  of  the  county  of  Lincoln,  while  Jenyns' 
Ordinary,  MS.  Harl.  6589,  partly  printed  by  Nicolas  as  a  Roll 
temp.  Edw.  III.,  assigns  the  same  coat  to  Walter  Hungerford, 
the  field,  however,  being  azure  instead  of  sable.  The  sickle  is 
a  well-known  Hungerford  badge. 

The  seal  of  office  of  the  Marshalsea  Court,  temp.  Sir  Thomas 
de  Erpingham,  was  exhibited  by  Mr.  Howard  (also  from  the 
Coventry  archives)  to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  on  June  1 6, 
1864  (see  Proceedings,  2  S.  ii.  444).  It  bears  the  arms  of  Sir 
Thomas.  A  third  seal  of  the  same  court,  also  bearing  the  arms 
of  the  lord  steward,  is  appended  to  a  transcript  of  a  record  of  the 
court  in  the  British  Museum  (L.  F.  C.  xiii.  19),  dated  18  Edw. 
III.  Ralph,  Lord  Stafford,  was  then  steward  of  the  household, 
and  this  seal  bears  his  arms  [or]  a  chevron  [gules]  on  a  shield 
surrounded  by  three  lions  of  England.  The  impression  is  unfor- 
tunately broken  away  at  the  margin,  but  from  the  initial  words 
which  remain,  S.OF.,  we  may  conclude  that  the  legend,  when 
complete,  read  similarly  to  those  on  the  Erpingham  and  Hun- 
gerford seals. 

At  the  time  when  the  proceedings  recorded  in  the  document 
under  notice  took  place,  the  King,  Henry  V.,  had  shortly  before 
left  England  for  his  second  French  campaign,  leaving  his 
brother  John,  Duke  of  Bedford,  his  locum  tenens,  or  guardian 
of  the  realm. 

Some  remarks  on  the  constitution  of  the  Marshalsea  Court 
will  be  found  in  Proceedings,  2  S.  ii.  444. 

2.  A  circular  seal,  about  1  inch  in  diameter,  and  of  very 
beautiful  design.  The  Madonna  and  Child  are  represented  in 
the  centre,  seated  within  a  circular  panel,  and  surrounded  by 

*  Erpingham  was  still  steward  in  2  Hen.  V.  See  Rot.  Pat.  ej.  anni,  4ta  pars, 
m.  37.  Hungerford  had  succeeded  on  or  before  July  23,  5th  Hen.  V.  (1417), 
being  entered  by  name  with  the  addition  of  "  Seneschallus  Hospitii  Domini 
Regis,"  among  the  noblemen  who  witnessed  the  delivery  of  the  great  seal  of 
gold  to  the  Bishop  of  Durham  on  that  day,  the  King  being  at  Southwick  Priory, 
near  Porchester,  on  the  eve  of  his  voyage  to  France.  Glaus.  5  Hen.  V.  m.  16, 
in  dorso. 


June  8.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  179 

the  four  evangelistic  symbols,  each  also  in  a  roundel,  and  separated 
by  elegant  tracery.  Attached  to  a  feoffment  of  a  house  in 
Tefford  Street,  Coventry,  dated  Monday  after  Ascension  Day, 
23  Edw.  III.  (1349),  made  by  Thomas  le  Scherman  of  Coventry, 
clerk  (feoffment  of  John  Norreys  of  the  same  place,  chaplain), 
to  John  de  Folongley  and  others. 

A  private  seal  of  similar  design  is  described  in  the  Proceed- 
ings, iv.  14,  differing,  however,  by  the  introduction  of  a  kneeling 
figure  into  the  central  panel,  and  the  addition  of  the  legend, 
"  Mater  Dei  miserere  mei." 

3.  A  circular  seal  f  inch  in  diameter.    Subject,  in  a  decorated 
panel,  a  shield  bearing  a  cross   recercelee   within    a   bordure 
engrailed.     Above  the  shield  is  an  Agnus   Dei.      Legend,   in 
Lombardic  character — 

SGNUS  :  DGI   :  GO  ?  6  :  S  ?  OIT  :  AMI. 

Appended  to  a  cleed  dated  Wednesday,  the  Vigil  of  the  Apostles 
Peter  and  Paul,  9  Edw.  III.  June  28,  1335,  whereby  Thomas 
de  Solyhul  releases  to  Master  John  de  Canleye  and  his  heirs 
sixteen  pennyworth  of  annual  rent,  issuing  out  of  a  house  in 
vico  de  Spanna  in  Coventry,  with  clause  of  warranty  of  the 
rent.  Witnesses,  Roger  le  Bray,  "  Ballivo  Coventr'  ex  parte 
comitis,"  John  son  of  William  le  Wallere,  Thomas  son  of 
Geoffrey  le  Wallere,  John  Kynge,  and  others, 

It  may  be  doubted  whether  this  seal  be  not  another  example  of 
imitative  heraldry  (See  Proceedings,  2  S.  iv.  202).  The  Agnus 
Dei,  standing  on  the  shield  like  a  modern  crest,  is  unusual.  It 
is  not  a  crest,  for  it  is  neither  placed  upon  a  helmet,  the  invari- 
able usage  of  this  period,  nor  yet  on  a  wreath,  a  much  more 
modern  practice.  The  legend  does  not  identify  it  with  the  maker 
of  the  deed,  but  refers  to  the  Agnus  Dei,  making  that  emblem, 
as  it  were,  the  principal  subject  of  the  seal. 

4.  Acquittance  dated  at  Coventry,    Monday   next   after  the 
Feast  of  St.  Michael  the  Archangel,  10  Henry  IV.  (Monday, 
October  1st,   1408),  whereby  Thomas  Feryby,  Treasurer  of  the 
Church  of  the  Blessed  Virgin  Mary  of  Coventry,  acknowledged 
to  have  received  in  the  name  of  the  Prior  and  Convent  £10  of 
the  Ferm  of  the  City  of  Coventry  froin  the  Mayor  and  Bailiffs 
there.     "  In  cujus  rei  testimonium  Sigillum  officii  mei  pro  ac- 
quietanciis  deputatum  presentibus  est  appensum." 

Seal — on  a  slip  cut  from  the  foot  of  the  parchment  bill — Ellip- 
tical, subject  an  eagle  displayed.  Legend — 

SIGILL'  OFFICII  TpeSTTVRie  CO[V6T']. 

The  seal  is  considerably  older  than  the  document ;  it  may  be 
referred  to  the  thirteenth  century. 

N2 


180  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

5.  Impression  in  red  wax  of  a  private  seal  of  Thomas  Grey, 
first  Marquis  of  Dorset,  lozenge-shaped,  bearing  an  unicorn 
statant  ermine  with  rays  of  the  sun  surrounding  him.  ^  Appended 
to  a  release  of  a  timber  yard  in  Coventry  to  certain  feoffees. 
Dated  October  20,  13  Henry  VII.  (1497). 

In  the  List  of  Badges  and  Crests,  printed  in  Coll.  Top.  et 
Gen,  iii.  66,  the  Marquis  Dorset  gives — "  on  a  sun  or  ail  uni- 
corn couchant  ermine,"  and  Lord  Ferrers  of  Groby  (also  a  Grey) 
had  for  devise  on  his  standard  "  an  unicorn  current  argent." 
Ibid.  p.  60. 

Lieut.-Col.  G.  GRANT  FRANCIS,  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary  for 
South  Wales,  exhibited  an  impression  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  Seal 
of  the  Court  of  Great  Sessions  for  Carmarthen,  Cardigan,  and 
Pembroke,  appended  to  a  transcript  of  a  record  of  a  common 
recovery,  suffered  at  Carmarthen  before  Richard  Atkyns  and 
James  Ley,  justices  of  Great  Session,  on  Monday,  15  August,  1 
Jac.  I.,  wherein  William  John  By  none  and  Ho  well  John  were 
demandants,  and  John  Owen  gent,  and  Broeus  ap  Evan  were 
deforciants,  of  two  messuages,  200  acres  of  land,  &c.  in  Mydryme. 
Exemplified  under  "  Sigillum  nostrum  ad  brevia  in  Curia  nostra 
sigillanda  deputatum.  Dated  8  October,  anno  1°  Jacobi  Regis. 

The  seal  will  be  found  engraved  in  Archaeologia,  xxxi.  495. 
King  James  had  not  been  many  months  on  the  throne,  and 
the  new  seal  of  this  court  was  probably  not  yet  engraved  at  the 
date  of  the  instrument,  so  that  the  seal  of  Queen  Elizabeth  was 
still  in  use. 

G.  F.  HAINES,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  the  following  objects, 
obtained  from  recent  excavations  at  Chichester — 

1.  An  iron  arrow-head,  probably  mediaeval. 

2.  A  small  and  elegantly  modelled  figure  in  bronze,  of  Priapus, 
crowned  with  flowers,  and  holding  fruits  in  the  lap  of  his  gar- 
ment, which  is  elevated  to  an  indecent  height. 

3.  A  large  bead  of  jet. 

W.  R.  S.  RALSTON,  Esq.  communicated,  in  a  letter  to  the 
Director,  which  will  be  printed  in  the  Archseologia,  vol.  xliv., 
some  remarks  relative  to  a  copper  bason  found  at  Chertsey, 
bearing  an  inscription.  This  inscription  had  been  considered  by 
the  late  Mr.  J.  M.  Kemble  to  be  in  Saxon  runes,  and  his  inter- 
pretation will  be  found  in  the  thirty-third  volume  of  Archaeologia, 
p.  40.  Mr.  Ralston's  object  is  to  prove  the  inscription  to  be 
in  modern  Greek,  and  that  it  bears  a  widely  different  nieaning 
from  that  assigned  to  it  by  Mr.  Kemble, 


June  8.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  181 

HYDE  CLARKE,  Esq.  communicated  a  paper  on  the  name 
Britannia,  and  its  relationship  to  prehistoric  populations. 

The  following  is  an  abstract  of  this  communication. 

After  observing  that  the  various  attempts  which  had  from 
time  to  time  been  made  to  explain  the  word  "  Britannia  "  from 
the  Celtic,  Classic,  Semitic,  and  Vasco-Iberian  languages  had 
all  proved  unsatisfactory  to  him,  Mr.  Clarke  informs  us  that 
he  was  induced  to  seek  elsewhere. 

If  from  BRITANNIA  and  SARDINIA  the  B  and  S  (which  for 
the  moment  may  be  assumed  to  be  prefixes)  be  struck  off,  it 
will  be  seen  that  they  contain  the  same  root  elements,  R  D  N ; 
and  if  we  look  for  other  proper  names  of  this  form,  we  shall 
find  them  copiously. 

Thus  we  have — 

Rhodanus,  Gaul.  Jordanus,  Syria. 

Rotanus,  Corsica.  Dyardanes,  India. 

Eridanus,  Italy.  Kartenus,  Mauritania. 

Artanes,  Bythinia.  Bradanus,  Italy. 

Jardanus,  Crete.  Prytanis,  Asia  Minor. 

Jardenus,  Greece.  Vartanus,  Sarmatia. 

Bradanus,  Prytanis,  and  Vartanus  have  considerable  resem- 
blance to  Britannia  in  their  elements.  All  these  are  the  names 
of  rivers,  and  there  are  other  river  names  allied,  but  with  the 
radicals  in  the  sequence  R  N  D,  including — 

Barentinus,  Italy,  and 
Orontes,  Syria. 

These  three  letters,  indeed,  enter  into  river  names  in  various 
order,  and  we  may  enumerate  among  such — 

Tanarus,  Italy.  Kedron,  Palestine. 

Aternus,  Italy.  Marauder,  Caria. 

Tarnis,  Gaul.  Skamander,  Mysia. 

DuraniiiSj  Gaul.  ,,  Sicily. 

Matrinus,  Italy.  Oromzudrus,  Cappadocian  Ar- 

Saturnus,      ,,  menia. 

Liternus,       ,,  Etumander,  Asia. 

Vulturnus,    ,,  Aknder,  Phrygia. 

Trinium,        ,,  Tarandrus,     ,, 

Vatrenus,      ,,  Akalandrus,  Lucania. 

Matrona,  Gaul. 

We  have  now  three  river  names  with  a  prefix,  B  p,  like 
Britannia,  and  one,  Saturnus,  with  a  prefix  like  Sardinia. 

Thus  a  chain  of  names  can  be  traced  reaching  through  Gaul, 
Italy,  Greece,  and  Asia  Minor,  to  the  remote  East,  and  we  have 
to  find  a  language  in  which  the  root  will  be  significant.  This 


182  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

will  he  found  in  Georgian  and  Mingrelian  in  Caucasia,  for  the 
word  Mdinare  or  Dinare  means  river. 

This,  however,  the  writer  admits,  amounts  to  little  of  itself, 
and  has  to  be  tested  so  as  to  ascertain  whether  the  Georgian 
languages  were  used  in  the  formation  of  river-names  at  some 
period  of  antiquity. 

The  words  for"  river,  brook,  and  water  in  these  languages 
are  : — 

Georgian  and  Mingrelian^  Mdinare  or  Dinare. 

Siuan  or  Suan,  Oruba. 

Mingrelian^  Tsqari. 

Georgian,  Pshani. 

Swan  or  Suan,  Gangalits. 

„        ^   „        Veets. 

Now,  if  each  of  these  words  be  taken,  their  congeners  will  be 
found  in  the  river  names.  It  may  be  observed  that  they  are 
under  the  same  conditions  as  Dinare,  and  that  the  root  letters 
are  susceptible  of  transposition. 

Mr.  Clarke  proceeds  to  adduce  lists  of  river-names  cognate 
to  each  of  these  six  words.     Examples  from  each  list  follow. 
For  ORUBA 

Ehebas,  Bythinia.  Eubicon,  Italy. 

Khobites,  Sarmatia.  Arabis,  Gaul. 

Ravius,  Sligo  Bay.  Arabius,  Carmania. 

Tuerobis,  Tivy  in  Wales.  Sarabis,  India. 

Euripus,  Strait  in  Greece.  Marubius,  Sarmatia. 

Again,  transposing  R  and  B — 

Iberus,  Caucasia  Sabrina,  Britain, 

and  Spain.  '  Siberis,  Galatia. 

Abarus,  Armenia  Sybaris,  Tiberis,  Liparis,  Italy. 

and  Kolkhis.  Khaberis,  India. 

Hebrus,  Thrace.  Khaboras,  Mesopotamia. 

Baris,  India. 
For  TSQARI 

Kurus  or  Cyrus,  Iberia,  Media,  Persia. 
Gaoris,  India. 

Akheron,  Greece  and  Italy. 
Agrianes,  Thrace. 
Agoronis,  India. 
Again  such  forms  as 

Araxes,  Armenia,  Persia,  Scythia. 

Aragus,  Iberia. 

Arakthos,  Greece. 

Markka,  nymph  of  the  Liris,  Italy. 

Targines,  Italy. 

Birgus,  the  Barrow  in  Ireland. 


June  8.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  183 

For  PSHANI 

Pison  or  Pishon,  the  river  of  Paradise. 
Phasis,  Kolkhis,  Iberia,  Ceylon. 
Kephissos,  Greece. 
Hyphasis,  India. 
Pisaurus,  Italy. 

Asopius,  Greece  Albinia,  Italy. 

Albanus,  Albania.  Hypanis,  India. 


Enipeus,  Macedonia. 
Anapus,  Sicily. 
Danubius,  Germany. 
Tinova  (Teign),  Britain. 
Novius  (Nith),  Scotland. 

For  GANGALITS  or  Ganga. 

Ganges,  India  and  Ceylon. 
Sangarius,  Asia  Minor. 
Agna,  Mauritania. 
Magon,  India. 
Akinakis,  Pontus. 
Saganus,  Carmania. 
Tanager,  Italy. 

For  VEETS. 

Pediseus,  Lapithus,  Cyprus. 
Pad  us,  Italy. 
Boetis,  Spain. 
Tava,  India. 
Salduba,  Spain. 

The  number  of  these  river-names  included  in  Mr.  Clarke's 
entire  list  is  143.  He  argues  that  the  case  is  not  slight  when 
it  rests  on  above  one  hundred  examples,  which  could  have 
been  much,  increased  by  admitting  partial  roots,  as  those  in 
DR,  DN,  RN.  These  names  are  all  taken  from  one  class  of  words, 
those  used  for  rivers,  and  they  are  all  explained  from  one  class 
of  languages  on  fixed  principles.  Many  of  the  names  are  actually 
taken  from  the  Caucasian  area,  where  these  languages  are  now 
spoken. 

The  ancient  language  of  Georgia  or  Caucasia,  the  Paleo- 
georgian,  explains  the  river  names  of  Asia  and  Europe,  but  the 
cases  of  Britannia  and  Sardinia,  it  may  be  thought,  are  excep- 
tional. This  may,  however,  be  tried  by  the  application  of  the 
same  river  roots  to  the  names  of  countries. 


184 


PKOCEEDINGS  OF  THE 


[1871, 


Thus  we  have — 

DINARE        Sardinia  PSHANI       Hispania  • 

Britannia  Campania 

Mauritania  Albania 

ORUBA         Arabia  TSQARI       Arakhosia 

Europa  Arkadia 

Iberia  (East)  Liguria 

„     (West)  Lokris 

Hibernia  G-ANGA       Sikania 

Epeirus  Lukania 

Kupros  Lakonia 

Hyrkania 

Thus  a  copious  list  of  forms,  all  having  the  same  meaning,  is 
found  to  be  applied  to  the  western  countries,  known  to  the 
ancients,  Britannia,  Hibernia,  Hispania  and  Iberia,  Sardinia, 
Sikania  (Sicily).  These  terms  are  also  applied  to  eastern 
regions. 

Such,  says  Mr.  Clarke,  is  the  fact ;  the  exact  explanation  has 
perhaps  yet  to  be  sought.  The  Caucasan  Tibetans,  as  their  com- 
parative mythology  shows,  worshipped  rivers  in  particular  as 
well  as  fire.  It  is  possible  that  countries  and  islands  were  put 
under  the  sanction  and  dedication  of  the  river-gods  by  the 
attribution  of  a  river-name.  The  peculiar  constitution  of  the 
Paleogeorgian  language  in  its  then  state  allowed  a  great 
variety  of  appellations,  using  several  roots  for  water  and  river, 
as  yet  unselected,  undefined,  and  unlimited,  and  having  the 
faculty  of  transposing  these  roots  and  of  employing  prefixes,  and 
many  lands  and  islands  could  receive  designations  of  the  same 
significance  of  dedication,  and  yet  all  distinctive. 

Britannia  and  Sardinia  would  have  the  same  meaning,  but 
their  prefixes  prevented  them  from  Being  confounded.  The 
neighbouring  islands  of  Britannia  and  Hibernia  were  equally 
distinguished. 

The  like  principle  appears  to  have  been  applied  to  the  names  of 
towns.  If  the  names  of  the  most  ancient  cities  are  taken  and 
analysed  in  the  foregoing  manner,  they  will  be  found  .to  exhibit 
a  strange  conformity,  and  which  is  neither  the  result  of  chance 
nor  of  a  capricious  classification,  but  of  law. 

With  regard  to  the  termination  appearing  as  NIA  it  possibly 
represents  a  word,  signifying  country  or  land.  We  have  a  word 
Keni  in  Georgian  of  that  meaning,  and  the  E  may  represent  a 
prefix.  NI  may  also  represent  the  plural  in  ni. 

Having  defined  the  language,  it  is  useful  to  identify  the  popu- 
lation which  gave  the  names  and  its  history.  The  river-names 
already  recited  reach  from  Assam  and  the  foot  of  the  Himalayas 


June  8.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  185 

to  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  On  this  area  a  language  approaching 
the  Paleogeorgian  is  nowhere  spoken  but  in  the  Caucasus. 
There  is,  however,  this  remarkable  fact,  that  in  the  Himalayas, 
in  High  Asia  and  in  Assam,  are  found  numerous  tribes,  in  the 
languages  of  which  have  been  discovered  the  affinities  of  the 
Caucasian  languages,  and  some  of  them  under  our  own  empire. 
These  include  the  Tibetan,  Lepcha,  Milchan,  Hor,  Lhopa,  Takpa, 
Gyarung,  Thaksya,  Abor,  Horpa,  Thochu,  and  Gurung. 

These  are  tribes  living  in  a  low  state,  but  among  them  and 
within  our  own  borders  are  the  Khasias,  a  people  in  this  day 
building  megalithic  monuments. 

From  such  a  point  Mr.  Clarke  considers  that  there  must  have 
issued  from  High  Asia  into  India  a  horde  of  many  tribes, 
high  and  low,  white  and  tawny,  warriors,  priests,  iron  smelters, 
stone  builders,  who  made  themselves  masters  of  India  and 
Ceylon,  and,  at  least,  frequented  the  country  beyond  the 
Ganges,  where  they  knew  the  tin  mines  of  the  East ;  conquering 
empires  in  Media,  Persia,  Mesopotamia,  holding  the  Holy  Land 
to  the  borders  of  Egypt,  all  Asia  Minor  was  theirs.  They 
poured  into  Europe,  founding  states  and  cities,  holding  the 
lands  and  islands  of  the  South  and  West. 

These  are  the  people  who  must  have  worked  gold  and  tin 
here  before  the  Phoenicians  had  appeared  on  the  scene  of  history, 
and  who,  from  3,500  to  4,500  years  ago,  occupied  all  the  regions 
of  the  East  and  West. 

This,  therefore,  was  a  population  which  occupied  these  islands 
and  planted  towns  after  the  Iberians  and  Ligurians,  long  be- 
fore the  Celts  and  the  Belgians.  It  is,  therefore,  to  this  popula- 
tion, assisted  by  the  light  of  the  comparative  history  of  Europe 
and  Asia,  we  shall  be  able  to  assign  many  monuments  and  many 
remains  found  on  our  soil.  It  is  a  new  chapter  in  our  history 
deserving  of  study,  one  of  megalithic  structures,  but  one  like- 
wise of  gold  ornaments  and  works  in  bronze. 

J.  H.  PARKER,  Esq.  F.S.A.  delivered  an  address  descriptive 
of  the  progress  of  the  excavations  undertaken  during  the  past 
winter  season  by  the  British  Archaeological  Society  and  other 
bodies  in  Rome.  The  substance  6f  this  address,  which  was 
repeated  before  the  Royal  Archaeological  Institute  a  few  days 
later,  will  be  found  in  the  Archaeological  Journal. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communications. 


186  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 


Thursday,  June  15th,  1871. 
AUGUSTUS  W.  FEANKS,  Esq.  V.R  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  :  — 

From  J.  H.  Parker,  Esq.  Hon.  M.A.  F.S.A.  :— 

1.  Roman  Exploration  Fund  (Treasurer's  Report,  July  1  to  Dec.  31,  1870). 
8vo. 

2.  A  Lecture  on  the  Excavations  in  Rome  from  July  1st  to  December  30th, 
1870,  delivered  to  the  British  Archaeological  Society.    By  J.  H.  Parker, 
Hon.  M.A.  Oxon,  etc.    8vo. 

From  J.  W.  K.  Eyton,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :—  An  Historical  and  Descriptive  Guide  'to 

Warwick  Castle,  Kenilworth  Castle,  &c.  and  other  Places  of  interest  in  the 

neighbourhood.     12th  edition.     8vo.    Warwick,  1870. 
From  the  Author  :  —  Remarks  and  Suggestions  on  the  Scheme  for  the  comple- 

tion of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral.    By  G.  E.  Street,  A.R.A.    8vo.    London, 

1871. 
From  W.  H.  Hart,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :— 

1.  A  Collection  of  the  Proceedings  in  the  House  of  Commons  against  the 
Lord  Verulam,  Viscount  St.  Alban's,  Lord  Chancellor  of  England,  for  Cor- 
ruption and  Bribery.     8vo.     London,  n.d. 

2.  Constitutions  and  Canons  Ecclesiastical  treated  upon  by  the  Convocations 
of  Canterbury  and  York,  and  agreed  upon  with  the    King's   Majesties 
Licence.     4to.     London,  1640. 

3.  A  Vindication  of  Churches,  commonly  called  Independent  :  or,  a  Briefe 
Answer  to  two  Books  by  William  Prinne,  Esquire.     4to.     London,  1644. 

4.  A  Plain  Answer  to  a  Popish  Priest  questioning  the  Orders  of  the  Church 
of  England.     4to.     London,  1688. 

5.  A  Funeral  Oration  to  the  Memory  of  Mary  II.  Queen  of  Great  Britain. 
By  Francis  Spanheim.     4to.    London,  1695. 

6.  The  Rehearsal,  as  it  is  now  acted  at  the  Theatre  Royal.    7th  edition.    By 
George,  late  Duke  of  Buckingham.     4to.     London,  1701. 

7.  The  Life  and  Character  of  Mr.  John  Locke.    Written  in  French  by 
M.  Le  Clerc,  and   done    into  English  by  T.  F.  P.  Gent.     4to.     London, 
1706. 

8.  Money  and  Trade,  consider'd  ;  with  a  proposal  for  supplying  the  Nation 
with  Money.     By  John  Law.     8vo.     London,  1720. 

9.  A  Plot  discovered,  carried  on  by  False  Brethren  against  the  new  Con- 
verts from  Popery  to  the  Protestant  Religion.     By  J.  B.  Denis.     8vo. 
London,  1722. 

10.  An  Abstract  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton's  Chronology  of  Ancient  Kingdoms. 
2nd  edition.     By  Mr.  Reid.     8vo.     London,  1732. 

11.  The  Antiquity,  Dignity,  and  Advantages  of  Music.    By  S.  Croxall. 
8vo.     London,  1741. 

12.  A  Letter  from  William  Shirley,  Esq.  Governor  of  Massachusetts  Bay, 
to  His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Newcastle  :  with  a  Journal  of  the  Siege  of  Louis- 
bourg.     8vo.     London,  1746. 

13.  A  Letter  to  the  Right  Rev.  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Bangor.    By  Phileleu- 
theros  Eboracensis.     8vo.     London,  1750. 

14.  A  Letter  to  the  Lord  Bishop  of  London.    By  a  Citizen  of  London.    8vo. 
London,  1750. 


June  15.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  187 

15.  Modest  Remarks  upon  the  Bishop  of  London's  Letter  concerning  Earth- 
quakes.    8vo.     London,  1750. 

16.  Historical  Tracts.     A  folio  volume  containing  the  following  12  Tracts. 
London,  1680-1729  :— 

(1)  The  Great  and  Weighty  Considerations  relating  to  the  Duke  of  York  ; 
or,  Successors  of  the  Crown.     1680. 

(2)  The  Information  of  Edward  Turbervill,  of  Skerr,  in  the  County  of 
Glamorgan,  Gent,  delivered  at  the  Bar  of  the  House  of  Commons,  Tues- 
day, 9th  Nov.  1680.     1680. 

(3)  On   the  Old   Cause   in  an  Epitaph  Preliminary.     Written,  first  in 
Latine  by  an  anonymous  Author  ;  now  turn'd  into  English  by  another. 
[Verse  :  Latin  and  English.]     n.d. 

(4)  A  Poem  on  the  Coronation  of  King  William  and  Queen  Mary.    1689. 

(5)  The  late  Lord  Russel's  Case,  with  Observations  upon  it.     Written  by 
the  Right  Hon.  Henry,  Lord  de  la  Mere.     1689. 

(6)  A  Reply  to  a  Sheet  of  Paper,  intituled,  The  Magistracy  and  Govern- 
ment of  England  vindicated.     By  John  Hawles.     1689. 

(7)  A  Dialogue  between  Timothy  and  Titus  about  the  Articles,  and  some 
of  the  Canons  of  the  Church  of  England.     1689. 

(8)  The^Case  of  Sir  Edward  Hales,  Baronet.    Being  an  exact  Account 
of  the  Tryal.     1689. 

(9)  An  Ode  upon  the  Glorious  and  Successful  Expedition  of  His  High- 
ness the  Prince  of  Orange,  now  King  of  England.    1689. 

(10)  A  state  of  the  Proceedings  in  the  House  of  Commons  with  Relation 
to  the  Impeached  Lords  :  and  what  happened  thereupon  between  the  Two 
Houses.     1701. 

(11)  The   Representation   Examined  :    being   Remarks  on  the  State  of 
Religion  in  England.     1711. 

(12)  The  Joint  and  Separate  Account  or  Narrative  of  George  Collcott 
and  Robert  Jones,  mariners,  relating  to    what  passed  at  their  several 
meetings  with  others  about  the  affair  of  Dunkirk.     1729. 

17.  Historical  Tracts.    A  quarto  volume  containing  the  following  10  Tracts 
London,  1686-1702  :— 

(1)  A  Defence  of  the  Papers  written  by  the  late  King  and  Duchess  of 
York  against  the  Answer  made  to  them.     1686. 

(2)  A  Memorial  from  His  Majesty,  presented  by  the  Count  de  Briord, 
containing  Reasons  for  accepting  the  late  King  of  Spain's  Will  in  favour 
of  the  Duke  of  Anjou.     1700. 

(3)  The  Duke  of  Anjou's  Succession  considered  ;  with  Reflections  on  the 
French  King's  Memorial  to  the  Dutch.     2nd 'edition.     1701. 

(4)  The  Duke  of  Anjou's  Succession  further  consider'd.     Part  ii.    By  the 
Author  of  the  First.     1701. 

(5)  Some  Considerations  of  a  Preface  to  an  Enquiry  concerning  the  occa- 
sional Conformity  of  Dissenters,  &c.     By  John  Howe.     1701. 

(6)  The  History  of  the  Kentish  Petition.     1701. 

(7)  Jura  Populi  Anglicani  :  or,  the  Subjects'  Right  of  Petitioning  set 
forth.     1701. 

(8)  A  Collection  of  several  Treaties,  &c.  since  the  late  Revolution.     1701. 

(9)  The  King  of  France's  Memorial  delivered  to  the  States-General  by 
Monsieur  d'Avaux,  upon  taking  possession  of  the  Towns  in  Flanders 
1701. 

(10)  The  Dangers  of  Europe  from  the  growing  Power  of  France.     1702. 

18.  Historical  Tracts.     A  quarto  volume  containing  the  following  eight 
Tracts.  •  London,  1693-1710  : 


188  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

(1)  The  Second  Part  of  the  Relation  of  the  late  Wicked  Contrivance 
against  the  lives  of  several  Persons,  by  Forging  an  Association  under 
their  Hands.     Written  by  the  Bishop  of  Rochester.     Savoy,  1693. 

(2)  The  Examinations  of  Sir  Thomas  Cooke  and  other  Persons  touching 
the  East  India  Company.     1695. 

(3)  An  Essay  upon  the  present  Interest  of  England.    To  which  are  added, 
the  Proceedings  of  the  House  of  Commons  in  1677  upon  the  French  King's 
Progress  in  Flanders.     2nd  edition.     1701. 

(4)  Advice  to  all  Parties.     By  the  Author  of  the  True-born  English-man. 
1705. 

(5)  A  Letter  from  a  Gentleman  in  Scotland  to  his  Friend  in  England, 
against  the  Sacramental  Test.     2nd  edition  corrected.     1708. 

(6)  Reflections  on  Dr.  Sacheverell's  Answer  to  the  Articles  of  Impeach- 
ment.    1710. 

(7)  The  Good  Old  Cause  :  or,  Lying  in  Truth,  being  a  Second  Defence 
of  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Sarum,  from  a  second  Speech.     By  one  Miso-Dolos.^ 
1710. 

(8)  The  Arguments  and  Reasons  for  and  against  engrafting  upon  the 
Bank  of  England  with  Tallies,  &c.     n.d. 

19.  Church  Affairs  in  England.     A  quarto  volume  containing  the  following 
seven  Tracts.     London,  1675-1703  :— 

(1)  The  Burnt  Child  dreads  the  Fire  :  or,  an  Examination  of  the  Merits 
of  the  Papists,  relating  to  England.     By  William  Denton.     1675. 

(2)  Reflections   upon    the   Answer    to    the   Papist  misrepresented,   &c. 
Directed  to  the  Answerer,     n.d. 

(3)  A  Discourse  explaining  the  nature  of  Edification.    Both  of  Particular 
Persons  in  private  Graces,  and  of  the  Church  in  Unity  and  Peace.    By 
John  Kettlewell.     1684. 

(4)  The  Church  of  England  truly  represented,  according  to  Dr.  Heylin's 
History  of  the  Reformation.     1686. 

(5)  Solomon  and  Abiathar  :  or,  the  Case  of  the  Deprived  Bishops  and 
Clergy  discussed.     1692. 

(6)  An  Answer  to  a  Letter  to  Dr.  Sherlock,  written  in  vindication  of 
Josephus's  Account  of  Jaddus's  Submission  to  Alexander.     1692. 

(7)  The  Interest  of  England  considered,  in  respect  to  Protestants  dissent- 
ing from  the  Established  Church.     1703. 

20.  Church  Affairs  in  England.     A  small  quarto  volume  containing  the  fol- 
lowing four  Tracts.     London,  1682-8  : — 

(1)  A  short  and  Plain  Answer  to  the  Questions — I.  Where  was  your 
Religion  before  Luther  ?     II.  How  know  you  the  Scriptures  to  be  the 
Word  of  God  ?     By  a  Protestant.     1682. 

(2)  A  Discourse  against  Purgatory.     1685. 

(3)  Three  Letters  tending  to  demonstrate  how  the  Security  of  this  Nation 
against  Persecution  for  Religion  lies  in  the  Abolishment  of  Tests,  and  in 
the  establishment  of  Liberty  of  Conscience.     1688. 

(4)  A  Seasonable  Discourse,  showing  the  necessity  of  maintaining  the 
Established  Religion  in  opposition  to  Popery,     n.d. 

21.  Peerage  Tracts.     An   octavo  volume    containing    the  following  four 
Tracts.    London,  1719-20  :— 

(1)  The  Constitution  explained,  in  Relation  to  the  Independency  of  the 
House  of  Lords.     1719. 

(2)  A  Letter  to  the  Earl  of  O d  concerning  the  Bill  of  Peerage.     By 

Sir  R d  S le.     1719. 

(3)  An  Inquiry  into  the  manner  of  creating  Peers.     2nd  edition.     1719. 


June  15.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  189 

(4)  The  Old  Whig,  Numb.  I.  and  II.  on  the  state  of  the  Peerage.     With 

Remarks  upon  the  Plebeian.     3rd  edition.     1720. 

22.  Literary  Tracts.      A  quarto  volume    containing    the  following  seven 
Tracts.    London,  1687-1704  :  — 

(1)  The  Hind  and  the  Panther.     A  Poem,  in  three  parts.     2nd  edition. 
1687. 

(2)  Revolter  :  A  Trage-Comedy  acted  between  the  Hind  and  Panther, 
and  Religio  Laici,  &c.     1687. 

(3)  The  Hind  and  the  Panther  transvers'd  to  the  Story  of  the  Country 
Mouse  and  the  City  Mouse.     1687. 

(4)  The  Mouse  grown  a  Rat :    or,  the  Story  of  the  City  and  Country 
Mouse  newly  transpos'd,  in   a  Discourse  betwixt   Bays,   Johnson,   and 
Smith.     1702. 

(5)  The  Monument  :  a  Poem  sacred  to  the  Memory  of  William  III.  King 
of  Great  Britain,  &c.     By  Mr.  Dennis.     1702. 

(6)  An  Ode  in  Praise  of  Musick,  set  for  variety  of  Voices  and  Instru- 
ments by  Mr.  Philip  Hart.     Written  by  J.  Hughes.     1703. 

(7)  An  Elegy  on  the  Author  of  the  True-born  English-man.     With  an 
Essay  on  the  late  Storm.     By  the  Author  of  the  Hymn  to  the  Pillory. 
1704.      x 

The  following  gentlemen  were  admitted  Fellows : — 
Cunninghame,  Lord  Borthwick. 
Thomas  Brooke,  Esq. 
Rev.  John  Booker. 
Thomas  Thompson,  Esq. 

The  Hon.  ARTHUR  DILLON,  F.S.A.  exhibited  arid  presented  a 
large  and  important  collection  of  Impressions  in  gutta  percha 
from  the  Common  Seals  at  present  in  use  by  the  majority  of  the 
municipal  Corporations  in  England  and  Wales,  with  several  of 
those  used  by  similar  bodies  politic  in  Scotland.  As  is  well  known, 
the  matrices  of  many  of  these  seals  are  either  originals  of 
mediaeval  workmanship,  or  are  copies  from  such  originals,  which 
no  longer  exist.  Hence  the  value  of  this  acquisition  to  the  Museum 
of  the  Society. 

As  some  acknowledgment  of  his  kindness  a  vote  of  Special 
Thanks  was- accorded  to  Mr.  Dillon. 

JOHN  PIGGOT,  ESQ.  F.S.A.  exhibited  a  very  fine  collection  of 
fac-simile  Drawings  of  Painted  Glass  Windows,  of  the  full  size  of 
the  originals,  which  he  had  lately  caused  to  be  executed  at  his 
own  expense.  The  most  interesting  portion  of  the  exhibition 
was  the  series  of  portrait  figures  of  the  Clopton  family  and  their 
connections  set  up  by  John  Clopton,  about  1485,  in  the  windows 
of  Long  Melford  Church,  Suffolk.  A  complete  list  of  these 
interesting  portraits,  with  notes  of  the  armorial  bearings  which 
occur  on  the  surcoats  of  the  male,  and  on  the  mantles  and  kirtles 
of  the  female  figures,  will  be  found  at  page  25  of  the  first 


190  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

volume  of  the  Visitation  of  Suffolk,  1561,  edited  by  J.  J.  Howard, 
Esq.  F.S.A.  where  two  of  the  figures,  viz.  Katherine  Mylde, 
wife  of  Sir  Thomas  Clopton,  and  an  angel  holding  a  shield  of 
the  arms  of  Say,  impaling  Fray  quartering  Danvers,  are  repre- 
sented on  a  reduced  scale,  but  giving  a  good  idea  of  the  character 
of  the  drawing. 

HODUER  M.  WESTROPP,  Esq.  exhibited  the  following  Bronze 
Objects  of  Irish  workmanship  : — 

A  fibula  of  bronze,  of  which  the  ornamental  portion  is  thickly 
gilt,  and  has  sockets  intended  for  the  setting  of  pastes  or  gems. 
The  ring  has  been  broken  at  some  time,  and  repaired  by  the 
insertion  ot  two  pieces  of  iron. 


BRONZE  FIBULA  FROM  THE  KING'S  COUNTY. 

This  object  was  found  at  Eidgemount  near  Frankford,  in  the 
King's  County.  By  Mr.  Westropp's  kind  permission  a  woodcut 
of  the  brooch  is  here  introduced,  repeated  from  the  Proceedings 
of  the  Historical  and  Archaeological  Association  of  Ireland, 
3  s.  i.  279,  where  some  remarks  by  Mr.  Westropp  on  relics  of 
this  class  will  be  found. 

2.  A  bell,  of  oval  section  at  the  base,  2  inches  high  to  the 
crown,  from  which  springs  a  flat  piece  of  metal,  nearly  half  an 
inch  square,  pierced  with  a  hole,  through  which  passes  a  rivet, 
connecting  a  looped  handle.     One  side  of  the  bell  exhibits  a 
Latin  cross,  the  other  an  object  of  which  the  outline  recalls  that 
of  an  Irish  round  tower  with  its  conical  cap. 

3.  Curved  piece  of  bronze,  about  4J  inches   long,  pierced 


June  15.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  191 

with  five  rivets  or  stud  holes  and  showing  some  traces  of  cast 
and  incised  pattern.     Apparently  a  portion  of  a  pastoral  staff. 

4.  Figure  from  a  crucifix.     The  legs  represented  as  placed 
one  over  the  other.     They  present  a  peculiarity  in  that  the  lower 
part  of  the  legs  is  made  in  a  distinct  piece  which  fits  on   the 
upper  portion  by  a  rabbet,  through  which  passes  a  rivet  which 
admits  of  the  leg  turning  in  one  direction.     It  has  been  sug- 
gested that  the  figure  formed  a  portion  of  the  decoration  of  a 
shrine,  and  that  the  foot  of  the  figure  may  have  concealed  a  key- 
hole or  recess  for  a  relic. 

5.  A  ring  of  very  pale  greenish  bronze,  3|  inches  external 
diameter,  of  circular  section,  J-inch  thick. 

6.  Rude  finger-ring  with  a  plain  bezel  and  shoulder,  possibly 
enamelled  originally ;  no  trace  of  colour  remains,  but  hatched 
lines  on  the  surface  suggest  this  mode  of  ornamentation. 

A.  D.  BARTLETT,  Esq.  exhibited  through  J.  Y.  Akerman, 
Esq.  F.S.A.  two  Bills  of  Indictment  exhibited  to  the  Grand 
Jury  of  the  Borough  of  Abingdon,  at  a  session  holden  in  1654, 
and  framed  under  the  Act  of  the  Commonwealth  Parliament  in 
1650,  "  for  suppressing  the  detestable  sins  of  incest,  adultery, 
and  fornication."  One  of  these  bills  charged  John  Hemesdale 
of  Abingdon  with  the  carnal  knowledge  of  one  Mary  Warner, 
wife  of  William  Warner,  Slatter,  contrary  to  the  Statute,  &c. ; 
the  other  varied  the  charge,  presenting  that  Mary  Warner  on 
the  same  day  as  alleged  in  the  first  indictment  had  been  carnally 
known  by  Hemesdale.  The  bills  were  ignored,  each  being  in- 
dorsed "  Wee  knowe  it  not,"  Under  the  Act,  incest  and 
adultery  (knowingly  committed)  were  capital  felonies. 

ALEXANDER  NESBITT,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  a  circular  Pyxis 
of  ivory  carved  with  subjects  from  the  life  of  St.  Mennas  of 
Alexandria,  the  work  of  the  sixth  century.  On  this  exhibition 
Mr.  Nesbitt  made  some  remarks  which,  together  with  a  commu- 
nication on  the  same  subject  which  he  had  received  from  Padre 
II.  Garrucci,  Hon.  F.S.A.  and  which  were  read  to  the  meeting, 
will  be  printed  in  the  Archa^ologia. 

EARL  STANHOPE,  President,  exhibited  an  original  Letter 
addressed  to  John  Stanhope,  Esq.,  a  gentleman  of  the  privy 
chamber,  by  one  the  officers  serving  in  the  expedition  against 
Cadiz  in  1596,  written  a  few  days  after  the  capture  of  the  town 
on  June  21.  The  text  of  the  letter  is  as  follows  :  — 

To  his  very  honorable  freind  Mr.  Jhon  Stanope  one  of  the  gentlemen  of  hir 
Majesties  Privie  Chamber  at  the  Court. 

From  Mr.  George  Bucke. 
Sm, — Although  I  had  a  purpose  not  to  write  any  letters  out  of  this  fleet,  y.et 


192  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

by  reason  I  departed  so  rudely  without  taking  my  leave  of  you  whome  I  am 
bound  most  to  honour  (next  to  my  Lord  Admiral*)  in  the  court  for' many  fauours 
and  wellwyshyings  which  I  have  had  of  yours.  I  would  therefor  by  this  commo- 
dity of  sending  tak  occasion  to  crave  pardon,  and  excuse  myself  "  by  "f  this 
that  my  departure  was  much  sooner  and  more  soddain  then  I  expected,  as  I  hope 
you  have  allreddy  conceyved  &  herewithall .  (bycaus  I  am  in  the  place  from 
whence  ther  is  great  expectation  of  newes  as  I  think)  write  something  of  the 

food  fortune  which  God  hath  given  our  generalls  in  this  expedition  although 
know  you  have  better  meanes  to  vnderstand  it  by  them  that  haue  seen  all 
&  J  are  ther  viua  voce  to  report  it. 

Sir,  when  wee  came  to  Cadiz  wee  found  in  the  harbour  more  then  50  ships, 
wherof  the  cheef  wer  5  galeones  'of  the  king,  viz.  the  St  Philip  Admiral,  the 
St  Mathew,  the  St  Andera,  the  St  Thomas,  the  St  Juan,  3  levantisas,  2  great 
ships  of  Nueua  Hispania,  &  3  fregates,  then  was  ther  31  merchant  ships  richely 
laden  for  the  Indies,  2  hulkes,  the  rest  wer  nibotes  and  small  ships,  &  besid 
thes  19  gallyes,  &  in  one  of  them  called  the  Cagion  was  the  Marquis  of  Su 
Cruz,  the  gallies  wer  well  beaten  &  fled  away  by  the  Puente  de  Fuego  ;  -of  the 
ships  the  St  Mateo  &  St  Andera  were  taken,  &  the  rest  burnt  at  Puntal  & 
alongst  the  bay  toward  Porto  real. 

The  same  night  also  the  town  was  taken,  so  that  wee  had  another  Veni, 
Vidi,  Vici,  &  within  2  dayes  all  sackd  &  spoyled  ;  but  the  landmen  had  all, 
and  so  it  was  the  pleasure  of  the  generalls,  for  when  I  demanded  a  house  of  the 
Quartermaster-General  he  answered  mee  that  hee  had  no  order  from  the 
generalls  to  quarter  any  seamen  vnder  the  degree  of  Sr  W.  Ralegh,  who  I  think 
neuertheless  had  not  much  although  hee  deserved  very  much,  in  this  that  hee 
fought  so  bravely  with  the  Spanish  fleet  while  they  wer  ouerthrowen  ;  if  our 
souerange  mistress  had  seen  it  it  would  I  think  have  been  a  sufficient  expiation 
of  all  his  faults  whatsoeuer.  I  haue  allwayes  held  him  to  bee  wise  and  now  I 
am  testigo  de  vista  that  hee  is  a  very  valiant  seaman. 

I  haue  talked  with  some  Spanish  prisoners  grave  men  &  of  good  quality  & 
they  estimat  that  the  King  and  his  subiects  are  endomaged  20  millions  of 
ducates  by  this  service  ;  but  that  which  was  in  the  ships  is  lost,  but  all  that  Avas 
good  in  the  town,  iewells,  gold,  plat,  money  wherof  there  was  great  store  and 
infinit  store  of  rich  marchandis,  cloth  of  gold,  silkes,  sugars,  Spanish  wynes,  rice, 
oyle,  and  much  other  are  all  to  bee  found  in  the  ships,  but  some  of  the  captaynes, 
fearing  (by  like)  som  commissioners  to  meet  vs  at  home,  did  presently  fraight 
barkes,  and  lade  them  and  sent  them  home  before  :  but  this  I  wysh  for  my  own 
part  not  that  ther  mought  be  ony  wrong  doore,  but  that  ther  mought  bee  some 
indifferent  sharying,  for  I  haue  heard  some  of  the  best  Spaniards  confess  that 
nothing  dismayd  them  so  much  as  our  fleet  and  the  countenans  of  the  ships,  & 
the  service  they  did. 

Some  fewe  dayes  after,  the  generalls  made  I  know  not  how  many  knightes, 
wherof  some  few  did  well  deserve  it  and  others  in  that  they  wer  men  of  good 
quality,  but  the  rest  deserved  it  as  I  did,  &  that  was  to  march  from  Puntal  into 
the  market  place  with  an  armur  on  my  bak  &  a  pik  on  my  neck  in  an  extreme 
hot  day,  which  I  think  my  grandsire  Brakenbury  &  many  more  of  D.  Gifford's 
band  would  not  doo  for  the  best  encommienda  in  Spayne. 

Ther  bee  redeemed  for  other  Spanish  prisoners  about  40  English  men  that  wer 
slaves  in  the  galleys,  &  wee  expect  12  more,  whereof  "  one  W"§  a  brother  of 
Mrs.  Willis  is  one.  Hernandes  Hurtado  captain  of  the  gaily  La  Fama  brought 
them  to  my  Lord  "  upon  "  ||  &  2  of  our  small  ships  shot  at  the  gaily  as  shee 
came  &  kylled  &  hurt  3  of  ther  men. 

The  King  was  lately  sick  of  the  gout  &  a  fever  at  Toledo,  and  a  Spanish 
gent,  told  me  that  hee  was  a  very  weak  man.  The  Prince  is  at  Madrid  accom- 


*  Lord  Howard  of  Effingham. 

f  The  word  "  by  "  has  been  erased  in  the  original. 

'  or  "  was  originally  written,  and  "  &  "  written  over  it. 

The  words  "  one  W  "  are  erased  in  the  original. 
j|  The  word  "  upon  "  is  erased  in  the  original. 


June  15.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  193 

panied  with  the  Constable  of  Castile,  &  the  Duk  of  Alva  &  many  other  brave 
young  grandes,  and,  as  they  say,  hee  wysheth  a  peace  with  England. 

The  Spaniard  that  told  me  of  the  King's  sicknes  asked  me  in  the  instant  how 
the  Queen  had  her  helth.  I  told  him  that  her  Majesty  had  as  strong  &  as 
helthfull  a  body  as  the  youngest  mayd  in  her  court.  Ther  bee  some  40  slaves  of 
Turky  arid  Barbary  escaped  out  of  the  gallyes,  which  my  Lord  hath  sent  in  a 
small  bark  into  Barbary. 

The  4.  of  July,  beeing  Sunday,  the  town  was  fyrecl  in  every  part  (the  Monastery 
of  St.  Francis  onely  excepted),  and  till  Wednesday  following  wee  wer  in  sight  of 
the  town  &  wee  mought  still  perceyve  the  fyre  contynuing.  It  was  fyred,  as  I 
heard,  bycaus  the  Corrigidors  &  the  best  of  the  Spaniardes  had  compounded  to- 
ransom  them  selves  at  "  one  hundred  &  "  *  six  score  thowsand  ducates  by  a 
day,  which  broken,  the  towne  was  fyrcd  and  they  all  brought  prisoners  in  the 
ships,  wherof  ther  bee  4  in  the  Ark  "  Rayley."f 

Thus  I  haue  acquainted  you  with  the  cheefest  matters  that  haue  happned  in 
our  army  that  I  now  remember,  &  this  gent  Mr.  Maynard  maketh  haste  with 
my  Lord's  privat  letters,  &  this  message  my  Lord  would  have  employed  mee  in, 
but  I  desired  to  be  excused,  bycaus  hee  had  delivered  the  Queen's  letters  befor 
to  Mr.  AS.J 

No  more,  but  recefve  my  loue  &  desire  to  doo  you  service  in  good  part,  & 
remember  him  whose  affyance  in  your  woord  &  frendship  hath  mad  to  runne 
other  fortunes  then  once  he  thoughte,  but  I  am  content  with  them  whatsoeuer, 
I  mean  that  they  shalbe  herafter,  for  as  for  this  iourney  I  think  it  an  honour 
and  a  happines  to  bee  in  it.  God  send  you  your  desires. 

From  aboord  the  Ark  Baley  in  36  &  dim.  degrees  &  in  the  longitud  of  Lepe 
as  our  Masters  ghess.  9  July. 

Your  most  affeetionat  & 

reddy  to  doo  you  service 

G.  BUCK. 

Sir,  ther  is  one  honourable  Lady  in  the  Court  to  whom  I  am  much  bound,  as 
you  know,  my  Lady  Secill ;  I  pray  you  recommend  my  humble  service  to  hir  <fc 
•to  kyss  hir  handes ;  &  this  is  all  the  sutes  I  haue  to  trouble  you  with,  and  if 
euer  it  ly  in  my  forturi  I  will  acknowledg  her  honour's  fauours,  in  the  mean 
I  think  my  self  holden  to  remember  them. 

On  this  exhibition,  C.  S.  Perceval,  Esq.  LL.D.  Director, 
made  the  following  remarks  : — 

The  original  letter  which  the  President  communicates  this 
evening  to  the  Society  is  not  entirely  new  to  the  students  of 
English  History  of  the  sixteenth  century.  Dr.  Thomas  Birch, 
in  his  Memoirs  of  the  Reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  a  work 
compiled  almost  entirely  from  the  papers  of  Anthony  Bacon, 
has  printed  the  greater  part  of  the  letter  nearly-  verbatim  at 
page  97  of  his  second  volume,  not  from  the  original  however, 
but  from  a  copy  inclosed  in  a  letter  dated  August  9,  1596,  and 
written  to  the  Earl  of  Essex  on  the  first  news  of  his  expected 
arrival  at  Plymouth  after  the  Cadiz  expedition,  by  Reynoldes, 
his  secretary.  The  copy  was  forwarded  to  the  Earl,  in  order 
that  he  might  know  what  men  were  saying  of  Sir  Walter 
Raleigh's  conduct  at  the  siege.  "  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,"  says 
Reynoldes,  a  was  exceedingly  commended  for  his  judgment, 

*  The  words  "  one  hundred  &  "  are  erased  in  the  original, 
f  The  word  "  llayley  "  is  erased  in  the  original. 
J  Sir  Anthony 'Ashley,  Secretary  of  the  Council  of  War. 
YOL.  V.  O 


194  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

discretion,  and  valour  in  the  sea-service,  and  much  was  attri- 
buted to  him;  For  his  commendation  from  the  army,  I  do 
send  your  lordship  a  copy  of  a  letter  sent  to  Mr.  John  Stanhope, 
which  is  immoderate,  and  a  blind  man  may  see  whereat  he 
aimeth..  His  friends  in  court  do  as  immodestly  broach  and 
publish  his  praise,  as  well  by  letters  as  by  speech.  I  do  also 
send  a  copy  of  my  lord  admirals  to  the  deceased  lord  chamber- 
lain,* wherein,  altho'  he  ascribeth  much  to  Sir  Walter  Raleigh 
and  others,  yet  he  maketh  a  most  honourable  mention  of  your 
worthy  actions." 

Dr.  Birch's  copy  begins  with  the  words  "  but  the  landmen 
had  all,"  and  omits  the  concluding  sentences  and  postscript. 

Whether  the  commencement  of  the  letter  and  its  date.,  the 
name  of  the  writer,  and  the  postscript  were  furnished  in  the 
copy  transmitted  to  Essex  cannot  certainly  be  known  without  a 
reference  to  the  Bacon  papers.  The  first  sentences  of  the  letter 
are  merely  complimentary,  and  the  slight  account  of  the  capture 
of  the  town,  which  follows,  would  not  be  worth  sending  to  the 
general  in  command  ;  the  postscript  also  is  of  a  private  nature, 
and,  on  the  whole,  the  probability  is  that  Reynoldes'  copy  con- 
tained none  of  these  particulars,  nor  yet  the  name  of  the  writer. 

The  Society  will,  I  am  sure,  be  glad  to  be  put  in  possession  of 
a  perfect  copy  of  this  curious  letter. 

There  can,  I  think,  be  little  doubt  that  George  Buck,  the 
writer  of  the  letter,  is  to  be  identified  with  Sir  George  Buck, 
the  author  of  the  Life  of  King  Richard  III.  His  biographers 
make  no  mention  of  his  having  served  at  the  siege  of  Cadiz, 
but  it  appears  from  the  end  of  the  second  book  of  the  u  Life 
and  Reign,"  that  his  family  were  connected  by  ties  of  gratitude 
if  not  of  blood  with  the  Norfolk  family,  who, — especially  the 
Lord  Admiral,  Howard  of  Efnngham, — are  there  mentioned  in 
glowing  terms. 

There  is  extant  in  the  Public  Record  Office  a  list,  dated  June 
1,  1596,  of  the  ships  employed  in  the  expedition.!  Those  com- 
manded by  the  Lord  Admiral  were  the  Arke,  the  Lyon,  the 
Dreadnaught,  the  True  Love,  and  the  Lyon's  Whelpe.  It  was 
from  the  first-named,  probably  the  flagship,  that  George  Buck 
writes.  J 

Sir  George  Buck,  for  that  he  was  among  the  great  number  of 
persons  knighted  at  the  siege,  §  seems  to  be  hinted  by  his 

*  Henry  Lord  Hunsdon. 

f~  State  Papers  Dom.  1596,  cclix.,  June  1st. 

J  Minutes  of  a  council  held  on  board  the  "  Arke  "  .Tune  [1596],  and  of  another 
on  board  the  "  Due  Eepulse,"  Essex's  own  ship,  will  be  found  among  the  State 
Papers.  (Dom.  cclix.  17-18.) 

§  In  a  list  of  knights  made  at  Cadiz  June,  1596,  (Dom.  cclix.  83)  the, name  of 
Sir  John  Buck  occurs.  Some  Christian  names,  however,  are  omitted,  and  one  or 


June  15.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  195 

letter,  obtained  in  1597  a  grant  of  the  office  of  Master  of  the 
Revels,  either  in  possession  or  reversion,  it  is  not  clear  which. 
I  get  the  information  from  a  curious  letter,  from  one  John  Lylie 
to  Secretary  Cecil,  complaining  of  the  ill-success  of  his  own  suit 
for  a  place,  and  mentioning  Buck  as  having  "  the  office  of  the 
revels  countenanced  upon  him."  This  letter  (S.  P.  Dom.  cclxv. 
61)  is  dated  Dec.  22,  1597. 

The  Gentleman  of  the  Privy  Chamber  to  whom  the  letter  is 
addressed  appears  to  have  been  the  third  son  of  Sir  Michael  Stan- 
hope who  in  the  third  year  of  James  I.  was  created  Lord  Stan- 
hope of  Harrington,  a  dignity  which  became  extinct  on  the 
death,  without  issue,  of  Charles  his  only  son.  This  John  Stan- 
hope held  in  succession  the  offices  of  Gentleman  of  the  Privy 
Chamber,  Treasurer  of  the  Chamber,  and  Vice-Chamberlain 
under  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  was  continued  in  the  latter  place 
by  King  Jam^s  I.  It  was  his  namesake  and  nephew,  Sir  John 
Stanhoj>e  of  Elvaston,  who  was  the  common  ancestor  of  the 
Earls  of  Chesterfield,  Stanhope,  and  Harrington. 

The  letter,  by  the  date  of  latitude  and  longitude,  was  written 
at  sea,  about  40  miles  English  due  west  of  Cadiz.  Lepe  is  a 
little  town  on  the  north  shore  of  the  Bay  of  Cadiz.* 

C.  DRURY  FORTNUM,  Esq.  F.S.A.  communicated  the  follow- 
ing extract  translated  from  a  Letter  in  Italian,  lately  received  by 
him  from  Signor  R.  Lanciani,  Hon.  F.S.A.  who  is  connected 
with  the  Government  Administration  of  Antiquities  at  Rome, 
giving  some  interesting  particulars  of  antiquarian  discoveries 
there : — 

"  To  the  Administration  of  Antiquities  is  reserved  a  most 
ample  space  of  ground  for  future  research.  Upon  this  no  one 
will  be  permitted  to  build,  and  it  will  be  kept  open  as  a  public 
promenade.  This  area  is  comprised  in  a  line  which,  starting 
from  the  foot  of  the  Capitol,  turns  by  the  Velabrum  and  the 
Murcian  valley,  embracing  the  Palatine  and  the  Circus  Maximus, 
and  continuing  along  the  eastern  margin  of  the  Aventine  to  the 
Thermae  of  Caracalla ;  thence  it  occupies  the  lower  grounds  of 
the  Villa  Mattei,  the  convent  of  .SS.  Giovanni  e  Paolo,  the 
Temple  of  Claudius,  the  Baths  of  Titus,  the  Coliseum,  and  so 
by  the  valley  of  the  Forum  back  to  the  Capitol.  As  you  will 
perceive,  a  good  field  is  reserved  to  us ;  and  if  the  Department 

two  have  been  marked  as  inaccurate.  In  another  list  (cclix.  84)  the  name  be- 
comes Sir  John  Rooke.  This  list  offers  other  discrepancies.  The  total  number 
in  the  longest  list  is  about  62.  His  name  is  not  among  the  "  Captains  of  the 
Queen's  army  by  sea  to  Gales  "  (Dom.  cclvii.  107). 

*  Another  account  of  the  expedition,  with  a  list  of  the  ships,  will  be  found  in 
the  Arcluxiologia',  xxxiv.  315. 

o  2 


196  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

of  Antiquities  works  as  well  in  future  years  as  it  has  done  during 
this,  I  assure  you  that  before  long  we  shall  be  able  to  walk  along 
many  of  the  streets  of  ancient  Rome.  I  give  you  a  short  aper^u 
of  what  has  been  accomplished  in  six  months. 

"  The  excavation  which  you  will  recollect  around  the  Column 
of  Phocas  has  been  considerably  widened  since  January  last,  lay- 
ing open  entirely  the  plan  of  the  Basilica  Julia,  a  great  part  of  the 
Vico  Tusco,  and  the  perimeter  of  the  Temple  of  Castor  and  Pollux 
(the  three  columns,  &c. )  The  portion  which  included  the  Forum 
has  not  yet  been  entirely  cleared  of  earth,  so  that  we  do  not  yet 
know  what  may  come  to  light  here.  More  than  32,000  cubic 
metres  of  earth  have  been  carried  away;  but  unfortunately 
220,000  still  remain  before  we  can  reach  the  arch  of  Titus. 
The  pavement  of  the  Basilica  Julia  is  well  preserved  (white 
africano  and  giallo  marbles).  A  monumental  inscription  in 
Greek  of  the  time  of  Septimius  Severus  occurs  in  one  place,  and 
an  infinity  of  'graffiti.'  At  one  spot  were  found  the  traces  of  a 
house  of  the  seventh  century ;  in  the  opposite  angle  are  the 
pilasters  which  supported  the  roof,  preserved  up  to  the  height 
of  the  second  floor.  But  few  remains  of  sculpture,  and  (what 
is  incredible)  only  two  coins  were  found.  The  '  Vico  Tusco ' 
retains  its  pavement  of  lava,  the  Temple  of  Castor  and  Pollux 
a  part  of  its  mosaic  pavement  of  the  time  of  Tiberius,  and  many 
fragments  of  columns. 

"  On  the  Palatine  the  semicircular  exedra  of  the  Stadium  of 
Domitian  has  been  cleared  out.  You  cannot  imagine  what  a 
fine  thing  it  is.  It  was  divided  into  two  floors  ;  the  upper  one 
was  formed  with  columns  of  pavonezetto.,  and  niches  for  statues 
around,  and  a  row  of  oriental  granite  columns  along  the  front. 
Of  the  statues  only  a  few  fragments  are  found,  but  we  have  two 
columns  of  pavonezetto,  three  bases,  a  capital,  and  a  dozen 
blocks  of  granite.  The  lower  storey  was  divided  into  three  rooms, 
covered  with  vaulted  ceilings,  and  painted  with  frescoes,  the 
pavement  of  coloured  marble.  All  this  is  nearly  intact.  The 
total  height  of  the  building  is  over  100  feet. 

"  At  the  Baths  of  Caracalla  five  large  apartments  have  been 
discovered,  with  mosaic  pavements  intact,  and  many  fragments 
of  sculptured  marble. 

"Inside  the  city,  near  to  the  Porta  Maggiore,  some  private 
persons  have  excavated  part  of  the  necropolis  that  flanks  the  Via 
Prenestina  e  Labicana.  Seven  Columbarii  have  yielded  204 
inscriptions,  245  lamps,  4  cinerary  urns  of  marble,  5  vases  of 
Arezzo  ware,  120  '  balsamarii '  of  glass,  170  of  terra  cotta,  5 
beautiful  busts,  2  earrings  of  gold,  200  coins,  10  rings  of  bronze, 
and  1  of  glass  (of  no  value),  besides  an  immense  quantity  of 
fragments. 


June  15.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  197 

a  I  will  transcribe  two  interesting  inscriptions,  the  first  scratched 
on  the  bottom  of  a  vase,  because  the  poor  cobbler,  perhaps,  had  not 
money  enough  to  have  it  done  on  marble. 

T1CHICI  .   SVTORIS  .  AD  .  SPEM  .  VETEREM. 

"  The  Speranza  Vecchia  was  one  of  the  most  important  points 
in  Home,  whence  diverged  seven  aqueducts  and  six  roads. 

"  The  second  inscription  was  found  to-day  (1st  June,  1871), 

M.ARTORIVS  .  M  .  L  .  AVCTVS  .  HOMO  . 
OPTVMVS  .  HIC  .  CONCIDIT — HAVETE  . 

"  A  third  says, 

"  HEIC  .  SI  TVS  .  SVM  .  LEMISO  .  QVEM  .  NVNQVAM  . 
NISI  .  MORS  .  FEINIVIT  .  LABORS  . 

"  At  Ostia  the  Imperial  Palace,  formerly  called  the  Baths,  is 
now  entirely  excavated,  with  its  mosaics,  its  colonnade,  &c." 

GRANVILLE^LEVESON  GOWER,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary 
for  Surrey,  exhibited  by  the  permission  of  C.  H.  Master,  Esq., 
of  Barrow  Green  House,  Oxted,  the  ancient  deeds  of  which  the 
following  is  a  brief  notice,  viz  :— 

1.  London  :  Thursday  next  after  the  feast  of  the  Apostles  St. 
Peter  and  Paul,  27  Edward  I.  Charter  of  Thomasina,  daughter 
of  the  late  Sir  Rouland  de  Okstede,  to  John  de  Hamme  and 
Aliva  his  wife,  granting  all  the  lands,  &c.,  which  she  had  or  would 
have  in  fee  out  of  the  succession  of  the  said  Rouland,  in  the 
manor  of  Okstede,  co.  Surrey,  with  "clause  of  warranty.  Wit- 
nesses :  Sir  Thomas  de  Warblintone,  Sir  John  Dabrun,  Sir 
John  de  Burstowe,  Sir  William  Ambesas  knight,  John  de  Lud- 
hame,  Frederic  (?)  Agrifin,  Reginald  de  Chelesham,  Walter  de 
Codestone,  &c. 

Seal,  octagonal  -f-  in.  across.  A  shield  bearing  an  oak  tree. 
Legend, 

^  S.  THOMASIN6  DG  ACSTEDG. 

The  arms  of  Sir  Roland  de  Oxtede,  father  or  grandfather  of 
Thomasina,  are  blazoned  in  the  Roll,  temp.  Henry  III.,  pub- 
lished by  Nicolas,  as  "  ov  ung  kene  de  gules,"  that  is  "  with  an 
oak  tree  (chene)  gules  ; "  the  tincture  of  the  field  being  accident- 
ally omitted.  That  it  was  argent  appears  from  the  roll  called 
the  Roll  of  Acre,  Haul.  MSS.  6137,  fo.  89b,  number  246, 
where,  however,  the  tree  as  given  in  the  seal  has  become  an 
oak  branch.  The  expression  "  ung  kene,"  perplexed  Sir  N. 
Harris  Nicolas,  who  however  rightly  conjectured  its  meaning. 
Some  particulars  of  the  family  of  Ac-stede  (Oak-stead)  or 
Oxted,  will  be  found  in  Manning  and  Bray's  History  of  Surrey, 
vol.  ii.  page  383. 


198  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

2.  Charter,  whereby  Walter  de  Abernun  gives  and  confirms 
to  William  son  of  Eillard  the  Smith,  for  his  homage  and  ser- 
vice, one  acre  of  his  land  next  the  field  called  Brodefeld,  in  fee, 
rendering  to  him  and  his  heirs  2d.  annually.     With  clause  of 
warranty.     For  this  grant  William  gave  the  grantor  x  shillings 
sterling  in  gersumam,  and  to  Matilda  his  wife  vi  d.     Hiis  testi- 
bus :  Willelmo  Venatore,  Willelmo  de  la  Garstune,  Ada  de  la 
Garstone,  Rogero  de  Home,  Eustachio  de  Wolenestede,  Ricardo 
Forestario,  Willelmo  Serp.,  Philippo  filio  Ade,  &c. 

Seal :  A  fleur-de-lis — 

^  SIGILL'  WALTERI  DABERN'. 

The  names  of  four  of  the  witnesses  to  this  charter,  namely ? 
William  and  Adam  de  la  Garstune,  Roger  de  Home,  and  Eustace 
de  Wolcnstede,  occur  also  as  witnesses  to  the  charter  of  John  de 
Chelesham,  giving  land  at  Walkhamstead  to  Richard  son  of 
Richard  the  Forester.*  The  dates  of  the  two  charters  therefore 
must  nearly  agree.  That  of  John  of  Chelesham  would  appear 
from  the  style  of  the  equestrian  effigy  with  which  it  is  sealed  to 
be  early  in  the  thirteenth  century.  Hence  the  present  deed  may 
probably  be  attributed  to  Walter  de  Abernon,  who  was  alive  be- 
tween 1202  and  1235.f  The  land  was  probably  at  Bletchingley, 
as  in  the  same  collection  there  is  another  charter,  granting  to 
William  the  Smith  land  in  Bletchingley,  abutting  on  land  of 
Walter  d' Abernon. 

3,  4.  Two  charters  of  Richard  Forester  and  Basilis  his  wife, 
of  parcels  of  land  near  Bletchingley,  co.  Surrey,  without  date, 
but  belonging  to  the  end  of  the  thirteenth  century.     Seal :  a 
four-petaled  flower  with  alternating  stamens. 

^  SIGILL  RICARDI  FORESTAR'. 

As  has  just  been  noticed  there  were  two  persons  of  this  name, 
father  and  son.  A  deed  of  Richard  le  Forester,  dated  16  Ed.  I. 
1288,  is  noticed  in  the  Proceedings,  2  S.  iv.  84. 

The  present  deed  is  probably  that  of  the  father. 

Mr.  LEVESON  GOWER  also  exhibited  a  Horn-book,  which 
was  found  in  the  winter  of  1870-71,  behind  the  panelling  of  a 
Tudor  house,  in  the  village  of  Limpsfield,  in  Surrey.  This 
humble  educational  instrument  is  nearly  identical  with  one 
figured  in  the  Journal  of  the  Archaeological  Association,  vol. 
ix.,  plate  13,  which,  however,  appears  to  have  been  preserved 
more  carefully  than  the  specimen  from  Limpsfield. 

*  Proceedings,  2  S.  iv.  83. 

f  See  some  account  of  this  family,  of  Albnry  and  Stoke  Dabernon,  in  Surrey 
Archaeological  Collections,  v.  58. 


June  15.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  199 

Lieutenant- Colonel  G.  GRANT  FRANCIS,  F.S.A.,  exhibited 
several  ancient  Documents  and  Charters,  some  with  seals 
attached,  the  particulars  of  which  follow  : 

1.  Indenture  between  Walter  Coke    Prior  of  Taunton  and 
his  Convent  of  one  part,  and  Stephen  Cokke  burgess  of  Taun- 
ton of  the  other  part,  witnessing  a  compromise  of  a  suit  between 
them  for  three  shillings  and  sixpence  worth  of  rent  issuing  out 
of  a  tenement  in  Seynt  Mary  Street  in  Bridgewater,  between  a 
tenement  of  the  Chantry  of  the  Blessed  Mary  on  one  side  and  a 
tenement  of  John  Best  on  the  other  side. 

Dated  in  Aula  Gilde  de  Brygge  Water,  Thursday  next  after 
the  Translation  of  St.  Thomas  the  Martyr,  2nd  Henry  IV.  (July 
14,  401). 

Under  a  fragment  of  the  common  seal  of  the  Priory  of 
Austin  Canons  of  Taunton  described  in  the  Monasticon,  vi.  165. 

2,  3.   Two  charters  without  date,  but  of  the  middle  of  the 
thirteenth  century,  whereby  the  burgesses  of  Bridgewater,  by  the 
style  of"  Universi  Burgenses  de  Bruges  Wai teri,"  grant  burgages 
in  that  town  which  appear  to  have  belonged  to  a  Chantry  of  St. 
Mary  the  Virgin.     Both  deeds  are  under  the  same  seal,  which 
bears  the  not  unusual  impress  of  the  Blessed  Virgin  and  Divine 
Infant  placed   above   an  arch,  beneath  which  is  a  figure  in  a 
posture  of  adoration.     The  seal   probably  was  made  for  some 
ecclesiastic,  but  has  been  altered  by  effacing  the  original  legend 
(the  space  for  which  appears  in  the  impression  in  undue  relief) 
and  by  engraving  a  new  legend — 

SIGILL:  BeATG  MAR1G  VIRGIN1S 

which  does  not  quite  fill  the  space.  In  one  deed  the  seal  is 
described  as  u  Sigillum  commune  ;  "  in  the  other  as  a  Sigillum 
commune  beate  Marie  Virginis." 

4.  Charter  whereby  John  Cokswayn,  Vicar  of  the  Church  of 
Br id gge water,  grants  and  confirms  to  Henry  Fliter,  baker  of 
Bridgewater,  and  Isabella  his  wife,  for  their  joint  lives,  certain 
lands  in  the  hundreds  of  Canyngton,  North  Pedorton,  and 
Andrisfeld,  with  remainder  to  John  Thomas  and  Alice  his  wife. 
Dated  28th  March,  21  Henry  VI.  (1442). 

The  seal  is  curious.  It  is  circular,  about  1  inch  in  diameter, 
exhibiting  the  figure^  of  an  individual  in  a  loose  gown  with  a 
hood  covering  the  body  to  the  waist,  but  thrown  back  so  as  to 
leave  the  neck  bare,  in  a  kneeling  posture,  the  lower  part  of  the 
body  traversing  the  legend  space.  A  sun  and  a  blazing  star, 
each  crowned,  are  placed,  the  former  to  the  right,  the  latter  to 
the  left  of  the  figure.  Legend — 

btcavtt  tie 


200  PROCEEDING'S  OF  THE  [1871 , 

5.  Seal   of  Richard   Arsher,    of    Bridgewater,    smith,    18th 
August,   20   Henry  VI.   (1442),  exhibiting  a  text  X.  within  a 
horse-shoe.     Attached  to  his  deed  giving  an  acre  of  land  in 
Wembldone  to  Walter  Trewe  of  that  place  and  Alice  his  wife. 

6.  Walter  le  Large,  by  charter  dated  27   Edw.   I.,   Sunday 
next  after  St.  Martin's  Day  (November  15th  1299),  gives  to  John 
de  Northperton  in  fee — "  unum  stallum  in  domo  stallornm  de 
Brugewater  quod  jacet  in  parte  boriali  inter  stallum  Eustachii 
Top  ....  ex   utraque  parte" — to  hold  of  the  chief  lords  of 
Bridgewater.     Seal :  an  engraved  stone  showing  a  bearded  head 
with  a  diadem,  set  in  a  silver  rim,  with  the  legend — 

*S'  WALTERI  L6  LARGG. 

7.  William  Horsey,  by  charter  dated  May  20,  19  Edward  IV. 
gives  to  John  Kendall  "  unum  shamellum  sive  macellum  situa- 
tum  in  australi    parte  exopposito  tenementi  in  quo  Johannes 
Lekesworthy  modo  inhabitat  inter  shamellum    sive    macellum 
Bicardi  Chokkes*  militis  ex  parte   orientali  et  shamellum  sive 
macellum  Johannis   Dest  ex  parte  occidental!  cum  suis    per- 
tinentiis  in  Briggewater." 

Seal,  a  capital  W. 

8.  Charter  dated  July  1  st,  1529,  whereby  Sir  William  Weston, 
Knight  of  Rhodes,   "  Miles  de  Rodys,"  conveys  an  acre  of  the 
land  of  St.  John  Baptist  in  Merther  Mawr,  in  Glamorganshire,  to 
Wylliarn  ap  R,  with  a  clause  of  warranty  for  Sir  William  and 
his  successors. 

The  seal  is  unfortunately  broken  and  the  legend  nearly  gone. 
Enough  remains  to  show  that  it  was  rather  an  official  than  a 
private  seal,  being  of  the  pointed  oval  form  and  having  a  figure 
under  a  tabernacle,  intended  probably  for  St.  John  the  Baptist 
in  his  hairy  raiment.  Under  his  feet  is  a  shield,  the  lower  half 
of  which  remains  and  exhibits  a  plain  cross. 

That  the  land  conveyed  was  parcel  of  the  possessions  of  the 
Knights  Hospitallers  (who,  it  may  be  observed,  had  a  preceptory 
at  Slebech,  in  the  adjoining  county  of  Pembroke),  is  sufficiently 
clear  from  the  designation  "terra  Sancti  Johannis.  Baptiste," 
and  from  the  circumstance  that  the  warranty  is  against  the 
successors  and  not  the  heirs  of  the  grantor.  Weston  became  Lord 
Prior  of  the  Hospital  in  England  about  1527,  and  was  the  last 
who  held  that  office,  dying  in  1540,  on  the  day  of  the  dissolution 
of  his  house.  That  he  should  assume  to  grant  away  what  would 
appear  to  be  the  possessions  of  his  house,  in  his  own  name  as  Knight 
of  Rhodes,  without  express  mention  of  the  chapter  of  the  order, 
and  under  a  seal  which,  although  imperfect,  does  not  appear  to 

*  A  justice  of  C.  P.,  died  1486. 


June  15.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  201 

be  the  common  seal  of  the  order  in  England,  is  a  circumstance 
worthy  of  notice. 

9.  A  deed  of  exchange  without  date,  between  the  monks  of 
the  Cistercian  Abbey  of  Kirkstead  in  Lincolnshire  and  Baldric 
de  Grendale,  concerning  lands  at  Ulceby,  near  Alford,  in  the 
same  county.  The  monastery  was  founded  in  1139  ;  the  present 
deed  may,  from  handwriting  and  style,  be  dated  about  the  be- 
ginning of  the  thirteenth  century. 

The  text  is  as  follows  : — 

Hoc  est  excambium  tcrrarum  inter  Monachos  de  Kirkestede  et  Baldricum 
de  Grendale  scilicet  quod  idem  Baldricus  excambiavit  cum  predictis  Monachis 
tredecim  acras  terre  in  Campis  de  Vlesbi  pro  tredccim  acris  terre  dimidia  per- 
ticata minus  in  campis  ejusdem  ville.  Et  terre  quas  prefatus  Baldricus  recepit 
a  Monachis  iacent  in  his  locis,  scilicet:  In  Orientali  Campode  Vlesbi  ad  Loschou 
dimidia  acra  et  viij  eschaetes  ;  Juxta  Holegate  dimidia  acra  x  eschaetes  minus  ; 
Ad  caput  ejusdem  quarentene  le  Houetland  i  perticata  et  viij  eschaettes.  Item 
juxta  Holegate  dimidia  acra  x  eschaettes  minus  ;  La  forere  de  Sevenacre  dimidia 
acraet  vij  eschaetes  ;  Super  sevenacre  una  acra  etxjiij  eschaettes  et  dimidia  ;  Ad 
Brockemeregate  dimidia  acra  et  iiij  eschaeites  ;  La  forere  ad  Berctheit  una 
perticata  ;  Ad  Snokclandes  dimidia  acra  v.  eschaeites  et  dimidia  minus  ;  Juxta 
Croftum  Johannis  dimidia  perticata  et  vij  eschaeites.  Item  juxta  Holegate 
iij  pertice  iiij  eschaettes  minus ;  Ad  Brockmeregate  v.  perticate ;  Ad  Scorte- 
lands  dimidia  acra  v.  eschaeites  et  dim.  minus ;  Ad  Lesingecroft  dimidia  per- 
ticata et  una  eschaite  ;  Ad  Scortefurlanges  dimidia  perticata  una  eschaeite 
minus.  In  Occidentali  Campo  predicte  ville  in  duobus  locis  super  Gumpedeile, 
j.  acra  et  xiij  eschaeites  ;  Ad  Drivedale  dimidia  acra.  Item  ibidem  v.  perticate  ; 
La  forere  de  Vrabule  una  perticata  et  dimidia  et  ij  eschaeites.  Ad  Potteregate 
dimidia  acra  ;  Ad  Baldrikewang  dimidia  acra  una  eschaeit'  minus  ;  Ad  Grene- 
gate  una  acra  v.  eschaeites  minus.  Omnes  predictas  terras  habebunt  et  tencbunt 
predictus  Baldricus  et  heredes  ejus  inperpetuum  pro  xiij  acris  dimidia  perticata 
minus.  Et  hee  sunt  terre  quas  predicti  Monachi  rcceperunt  de  prefato  Baldrico 
in  excambium  pro  predictis  terris  et  jaceut  in  his  locis,  scilicet :  In  Orientali 
Campo  de  Vlesbi  super  Sinthenris  viij  acre  ;  Et  in  Occidentali  Campo  super 
lliclandes  v  acre.  Has  predictas  terras  habebunt  et  tenebunt  Monachi  inperpe- 
tuum pro  xiij  acris  sive  plus  sive  minus  fuerit  in  prefatis  locis.  Et  sciendum 
quod  utrique  Monachi  videlicet  et  Baldricus  et  heredes  ejus  warrantizabunt  ad 
invicem  predicta  excambia  et  acquietabunt  de  omnibus  rebus  et  servitiis  contra 
omnes  homines  inperpetuum.  Testibus  Henrico  Capellano  de  Langetune,  Johanne 
de  Haltune,  Philippo  de  Eordingtune,  Henrico  de  Wdehall,  Roberto  filio  Tome 
de  Aswardebi,  Roberto  filio  Gaufridi  de  Aswardebi,  Symone  filio  Toli  de  Lange- 
tune, Elric  dc  Salstorp. 

Seal  gone.-  The  parchment  label  remains.  The  top  of  the 
parchment  indented,  the  word  CYROGRAPHVM  being  cut  through. 

There  is  a  cartulary  of  Kirksteacl  Abbey  among  the  Cottonian 
Manuscripts  (Vesp.  E.  xvin.),  in  which  many  of  the  earliest 
title  deeds  of  the  house  are  registered,  and  the  deed  here  printed 
occurs  at  fo.  26  b<  among  several  others  relating  to  Ulceby. 
From  these  we  learn  that  this  Baldric  was  son  of  William  de 
Grendale,  that  his  uncle  Reinerus  de  Ulesbi  held  two  bovates  of 
land  of  him,  also  in  Ulceby  fields.*  The  son-in-law  and  heir  of 

*  Fo.  14,  Ullesbi,  num.  iiij  ;  ibid.  fo.  13,  num.  iij,  where  one  bovate  of 
laud  is  described  particularly  as  comprising  40  acres  of  land  by  the  perch  of 


202  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

Reinerus,  named  Ranulf,  was  also  a  benefactor  to  the  Abbey. 
Baldric's  wife  was  one  Isabella  de  Olakesbi  (Claxby,  about  a 
mile  east  of  Ulceby). 

In  Testa  de  Nevile  (pp.  308,  331),  Walter  de  Grendale,  pro- 
bably a  descendant  of  Baldric,  appears  as  holding  three  parts  of 
a  quarter  of  a  knight's  fee  in  Uleby  and  Clatthorp  (Claythorpe)  ; 
and  the  same  quantity  of  land,  described  as  lying  in  Catsworth 
(the  name  of  the  wapentake),  is  in  a  somewhat  early  inquisition 
printed  in  the  same  collection,  registered  in  the  name  of  Ralph 
de  Grendala,  who  may  be  taken  to  have  been  the  immediate 
predecessor  of  Walter. 

The  land-measure  employed  in  this  deed  of  exchange  seems 
very  remarkable.  The  denominations  are — acres,  half  acres, 
perches,  and  eschaettes,  or  eschaeites.  The  perch  is  in  another 
contemporaneous  charter  (see  note  on  the  preceding  page),  de- 
nned as  being  either  of  17  feet  (a  local  measure  which  occurs 
elsewhere),  or  as  at  the  present  day  of  16J  feet.  Which 
measure  was  used  in  this  survey  does  not  appear,  nor  is  it 
very  material  to  know.  It  may  be  assumed  that  the  relative 
proportion  of  the  perch  to  the  acre  is  the  same,  whether  the 
usual  or  the  local  perch  was  taken. 

The  term  "  eschaette  "  does  not  occur  in  any  of  the  other 
early  deeds  enrolled  in  the  Kirkstead  cartulary.  On  compu- 
tation it  will  be  found  that  it  is  not  a  determinate  fraction  of 
either  the  acre  or  the  perch.  It  seems  to  be  used  in  much  the 
same  sense  as  the  more  usual  word  "  sellion,"  a  ridge  of  land  of 
uncertain  size. 

10.  Original  impression  of  the  seal  of  King  Henry  VII.  for 
the  Chancery  of  Cardiff.  A  fragment  appended  to  a  lease  of 
lands  within  the  lordship  of  Sully  made  to  Richard  Adams. 
The  style  of  the  king  is  Henricus  Dei  Gratia  Rex  Anglie  et 
Francie  et  Dominus  Hibernie  ac  Dominus  Glamorganc'  et  Mor- 
gannc'.  Dated  "  In  Cancellaria  nostra  de  Kaerdiff  sub  sigillo 
cancellarie  nostre  ibidem  penultimo  die  Aprilis  anno  regni  nostri 
post  conquestwn  decimo  octavo." 

Among  the  Harleian  charters  in  the  British  Museum  (Cart. 
Harl.  75,  E.  19)  is  a  similar  lease  dated  on  the  same  day,  the 
date  clause  bearing  the  same  remarkable  expression  post  con- 
questum.  The  seal  to  this  document,  although  imperfect,  is 
somewhat  less  so  than  the  impression  affixed  to  the  deed  exhi- 
bited. It  may  thus  be  described. 

Circular  seal,  3|  inches  in  diameter.  Obverse:  shield  of  arms, 
France  modern  and  England  quarterly,  within  a  garter  bearing 
the  legend 

16  feet  and  a-half,  with  a  toft  and  the  houses  built  thereon.  The  perch  of  17 
feet  is  mentioned  in  another  Ulceby  deed,  f o.  20  b,  num.  xxxix. 


June  15.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  203 


.  gogt  .  <|ut  .  mal  ,  g  .  pense 

the  words  being  separated  by  roses.  Ensigned  with  a  close 
lambrequined  helm  turned  to  the  dexter,  with  the  crest  of  a  lion 
statant. 

Reverse  :  On  a  diapered  field  a  fine  equestrian  effigy  turned 
to  the  sinister,  the  shield  and  bardings  bearing  France  and 
England  quarterly. 

The  legend,  which  appears  to  be  the  same  on  both  sides,  on 
comparing  the  fragmentary  portions  of  it  would  seem  to  have 
read  thus  :  — 


:  cancellable  :  reQtg  :  fjenrtct  :  tie  :  tiommus  guts  toe  : 
glmnorgan  :  et  :  morpnofc. 

King  Henry  VIII.  in  his  seventeenth  year,  according  to  Sir  N. 
Harris  Nicolas  (Chronology  of  History)  introduced  the  word 
octavus  in  his  style.  Judging  by  the  absence  of  the  word  and 
the  character*  of  the  handwriting,  these  two  leases  would  seem 
more  probably  to  belong  to  the  reign  of  his  father,  Henry  VII. 
The  seal  may  be  older,  not  impossibly  altered  from  a  matrix  of 
K.  Edward  IV.  a  view  which  is  suggested  by  the  character  of 
the  equestrian  effigy,  and  by  the  occurrence  of  the  roses  in  the 
motto  of  the  garter. 

More  information  is  wanted  with  regard  to  the  seals  of  the 
lordships  marchers.* 

11.  A  good  impression  of  the   Duchy  of  Lancaster  seal  of 
King  James  I.  3^  inches  in   diameter.     A  scrolled   shield   of 
Lancaster  between  two   ostrich   feathers   with  scrolls.     Helm, 
chapeau,  and  lion  statant  crest,  between  the  initials  I.  R. 

Legend  :  — 

+   SIGILLVM  .  JACOBI  .  DEI  .  GRACIA  .  ANGL*  .   SCOT'  .  FRAN7    ET 

HIB[ERNIE  REGI]S  DE  DVCATV  suo  LANCASTR' 

Perhaps  the  latest  sigillary  example  of  the  medieval  use  of  c  for 
T  occurs  here  in  the  word  GRACIA. 

12.  Defeasance  of  a  recognizance  made  13  Edw.  III.  under 
the  Statute  of  Merchants,  (13  Edw.  I.  stat.  4)  ty  Sir  Edward 
Stradling  of  Halfwey,   in  the  county  of  Somerset,  f  whereby 
he  bound  himself  to  Robert  le  Latimer,  merchant  of  Dorset, 
in  a  penalty  of  10.0Z.  to  secure  the  provision  of  entertainment 
and  clothing  specified  in  the  text  which  here  follows  :— 


*  For  the  seal  of  the  Chancery  of  Monmouth,  see  Proceedings,  2  S.  iv.  2G4, 
Archaeological  Journal,  xiv.  55,  and  Journal  of  the  Archaeological  Association, 
xiv.  56. 

f  See  as  to  the  family  of  Stradling  of  St.  Donat's  Castle,  Glamorganshire, 
and  of  the  county  of  Somerset,  Arcliccolofjia  Cambrensis,  vol.  xi.  and  St.  Donat's 
Castle,  by  G.  T.  Clark,  Esq.  F.S.A.  1871 


204  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  SOCIETY.  [1871. 

Omnibus  Christ!  fidelibus  &c.  Robertas  filius  Johannis  le  Latimer  Mercator 
de  Comitatu  Dorset  Salutem.  Licet  Dominus  Edwardus  de  Estradelyngh'  Do- 
minus  Manerii  de  Cou'behaweye  et  Edwardus  filius  ejusdem  Edwardi  Merca- 
tores  de  Comitatu  Somerset  in  centum  marcis  sterlingorum  teneantur  et 
unusquisque  eorum  insolidum  per  scriptum  suum  obligatorium  sub  statuto 
mercatorum  factum  apud  Bristoll'  septimo  decimo  die  Augusti  anno  Regis 
Edwardi  tertii  post  Conquestum  tertio  decimo  pro  bladiis  eisdem  venditis  mihi 
vel  meo  certo  attornato  vel  executoribus  meis  solvendorum  modo  quo  in  dicto 
scripto  obligatorio  continetur.  Volo  tamen  et  per  presens  scriptum  meum 
concede  quod  si  dictus  Dominus  Edwardus  vel  Elena  uxor  ejus  vel  Edwardus 
filius  eorum  me  cum  equo  et  garcione  meo  per  adventus  meos  et  moras  meas  et 
Johannem  uxorem  meam  cum  exitu  nostro  ut  in  cibis  et  potibus  bene  et  com- 
petenter  sustentaverint  et  unam  Robam  competentem  cum  furrura  annuatim 
mihi  et  alteram  Robam  competentem  cum  pellura  aimuatim  Johanne  uxori  mee 
ad  totam  vitam  Johanne  matris  mee  in  festo  Natalis  Domini  vel  festo  Pasche 
solverint,  quod  extunc  dictum  scriptum  obligatorium  centum  marcarum  irritum 
sit  et  vacuum  et  omnino  suo  careat  vigore  et  pro  nullo  habeatur.  -  In  eujus  &Q. 
Dat.  apud  Halefweye  die  Veneris  vicesimo  die  Augusti  A.  R.  R.  E1.  iii.'post 
conquestum  13.  Hiis  testibus,  Gilberto  de  Hwych',  Johanne  le  Bret,  Symone  de 
Roches  et  aliis. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communications. 

The  Meetings  of  the  Society  were  then  adjourned  until  Thurs- 
day, November  23rd,  1871. 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF  THE 


SOCIETY    OF    ANTIQUAKIES 

OF  LONDON. 


SESSION     1871-72. 


,    Thursday,  November  23rd,  1871. 
EARL  STANHOPE,  President,  in   the   Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors : — 

From  the  Numismatic  Society  : — The  Numismatic  Chronicle.  New  Series. 
Nos.  41  and  42.  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Author  : — South  Winfield  Manor.  Illustrated  by  Plans,  Elevations, 
Sections,  and  details,  with  Perspective  Views  and  a  Descriptive  Account,  &c. 
By  Edmund  B.  Ferrey.  Folio.  London,  1870. 

From  the  Author  : — Notes  and  Speculations  on  the  Guildford  Caverns.  By 
Captain  E.  Renouard  James,  R.E.  8vo.  Guildford,  1871. 

From  the  Author,  Signer  Fabio  Gori  :  — 

1.  Sulle  ultime  Scoperte  Archeologiche  ayvenute  in  Roma.     Parte  Prima. 
Scavi  delP  anno  1870.     4to.     Rome,  1871. 

2.  Sugli  Edifizi  Palatini.     Studi  topografico-storici.     8vo.     Rome,  1867. 

3.  II  Carcere  Mamertino  ed  il  Robore  Tulliano.     8vo.     Rome,  1868. 

4.  Sulla  Grqtta  e  Fonte  di  Pico  e  Fauno.     8vo.    Rome,  1869. 

5.  Sullo  splendido  avvenire  di  Roma  e  sul  modo  di  migliorare  1'interno 
della  Citta  e  1'aria  delle  Campagne.     8vo.     Rome,  1870. 

6.  II  Santuario  del  Persiano  dio  Mitra  ultimamente  scoperto  a  S.  Clemente 
in  Roma.     4to.     Rome,  1871. 

From  the  Editor  : — The.  Church  Builder.  Nos.  39  and  40.  July  and  October. 
8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Rev.  John  Kenrick,  F.S.A.  : — Communications  to  the  Monthly  Meet- 
ings of  the  Yorkshire  Philosophical  Society,  relating  to  the  Antiquities  and 
Natural  History  of  Yorkshire.  1870.  8vo.  London  and  York. 

From  the  British  Archaeological  Association  : — Their  Journal.  June  30  and 
September  30.  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Royal  Society  of  Northern  Antiquaries  of  Copenhagen  :— - 

1.  Tillceg  til   aarboger  for  Nordisk  Oldkyndighed   og  Historic,  Aargang 
1870.     8vo.  '  Copenhagen,  1870. 


206  PBOCEED1NGS  OF  THE 

2.  Aarboger.    Hefte    2—4.      1870.     Hefte  1,   1871.      8vo.     Copenhagen, 
1870-1. 
From  the  Koyal  Geographical  Society  : — 

1.  Journal.     Vol.  40.     8vo.     London,  1870. 

2.  Proceedings.      Vol.  15.     Nos.  2—4.     8vo.     London,  1871. 

From  the  Author  : — Early  Annals  of  the  Episcopate  in  Wilts  and  Dorset.     By 

the  Kev.  W.  H.  Jones,  M.A.  F.S.A.     8vo.     London  and  Oxford,  187,1. 
From  the  Anthropological  Institute  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  : — 

1.  Journal.     Vol.  1.     Nos.  1  and  2.     8vo.     London,  1871. 

2.  Regulations,  1871.     8vo.     London,  1871. 

From  H.  C.  Coote,  Esq.  F.S.A.  : — Buried  cruciform  Platforms  in  Yorkshire. 
By  Charles  Monkman.  Supplementary  Remarks  on  buried  cruciform  Plat- 
forms in  Yorkshire.  By  H.  C.  Coote.  [Reprinted  from  the  "  Yorkshire 
Archaeological  Journal,"  Vol.  II.]  8vo.  1871. 

From  the  Associated  Architectural  Societies : — Reports  and  Papers.  '  1870. 
Vol.  10,  Part  2.  8vo.  Lincoln,  1871. 

From  the  Imperial  Academy,  Vienna  : — 

1.  Sitzungsberichte  philos.-histor.  Classe.     63  Band,  Heft  1,  2,  3  ;  64  Band, 
Heft  1,  2,  3  ;  65  Band,  Heft  1,  2,  3  ;  66  Band,  Heft  1.    8vo.    Vienna.  1870. 

2.  Denkschriften  philos.-histor.  Classe.    Band  19.     4to.     Vienna,  1870. 

3.  Archiv  f  iir  Kunde  osterr.  Geschichtsquellen,  42  Band,  Heft  1,  2  ;  43  Band, 
Heft  1  ;  44  Band,  Heft  1,  2.     8vo.     Vienna,  1870. 

4.  Fontes  rerum  Austriacarum.     Band  30  and  33,  Abtheilung  II.      8vo. 
Vienna,  1870. 

From  the  Royal  United  Service  Institution  :— Their  Journal.  Vol.  xv.  Nos.  63 
and  64.  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Royal  Historical  and  Archaeological  Association  of  Ireland  :— Their 
Journal.  Vol.  I.  Fourth  Series.  Nos.  6  and  7.  8vo.  Dublin,  1871. 

From  the  Surrey  Archaeological  Society  : — Collections.  Vol.  5,  Part  2  [Com- 
pleting Vol.  5.]  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Author,  Professor  Ch.  F.  Hartt  :— 

1.  Amazonian  Drift.  [From  the  American  Journal  of  Science  and  Arts, 
Vol.1.]     8vo.     1871. 

2.  Brazilian  Rock  Inscriptions.     8vo.     1871.    [From  the  American  Natu- 
ralist, Vol.  5.] 

3.  The   Ancient  Indian  Pottery  of   Marajo,    Brazil.     1871.     [From  the 
American  Naturalist,  Vol.  5.] 

From   the  Author,  Sir  John  Lubbock,  Bart.  M.P.,  F.S.A.  : — 

1.  On  the  Development  of  Relationships. 

2.  Note  on  some  Stone  Implements  from  Africa  and  Syria.    [Both  from  the 
Journal  of  the  Anthropological  Institute.     8vo.    London,  1871.] 

From  the  Royal  Academy  of  Sciences,  Letters,  and  Fine  Arts  of  Belgium  : — 

1.  Meinoires  des  Membres.     Tome  38.  4to.     Brussels,  1871. 

2.  Memoires  couronnes  et  des  Savants  etrangers.     Tomes  35  et  36.     4to. 
Brussels,  1870-71. 

3.  Bulletins.     2e  serie,  tomes  29  et  30.     8vo.     Brussels,  1871. 

4.  Annuaire  de  1871.     Sm.  8vo.     Brussels,  1870. 

From  Professor  S.  Ljubic  : — Viestnik  narodnoga  Zemaljskoya  muzeja  u  Zagrebu 
za  godinu,  1870.  8vo.  Zagrebu,  1871. 

From  the  Editor,  W.  Chappell,  Esq  F.S.A.  :— The  Roxburghe  Ballads.  Vol.  L, 
part  3.  [Completing  Vol.  I.]  8vo.  London,  printed  for  the  Ballad 
Society,  1871. 


Nov.  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  207 

From  the  Author  : — Annals  of  St.  Fin  Barrc's  Cathedral,  Cork.  By  Kichard 
Caulfield,  LL.D.  F.S.A.  8vo.  Cork,  1871. 

From  the  Author  : — Oriel  :  a  Study  in  Eighteen  Hundred  and  Seventy.  With  two 
other  Poems.  By  James  Kenward,  F.S.A.  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Smithsonian  Institution  : — 

1.  Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Knowledge.    Vol.  XVII.  Folio    Washing- 
ton, 1871. 

2.  Annual  Report  of  the  Board  of  llegents  for  the  year  1869.     8vo.     Wash- 
ington, 1871. 

From  the  American  Philosophical  Society  : — 

1.  Transactions.    Vol.  XIV.    New  Series,  Part  1.    4to.   Philadelphia,  1870. 

2.  Proceedings.      Vol.  XI.      Nos.  83 — 85.    [Completing    the    vol.]      8vo. 
Philadelphia,  1870-71. 

From  the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  Boston  : — Proceedings. 
Vol.  VIII.  Pp.  137—296.  8vo.  Cambridge  and  Boston,  1869-70. 

From  the  Trustees  of  the  New  York  State  Library  : — Fifty-Third  Annual  Report. 
8vo.  Albany,  1871. 

From  the  Compiler,  B.  Perley  Poore,  Esq.  : — Congressional  Directory  for  the 
third  Session^of  the  41st  Congress  of  the  United  States  of  America.  Second 
Edition.  8vo.  Washington,  1871. 

From  the  Essex  Institute  (America)  : — 

1.  Historical  Collections.    Vol.  x.  (Second  Series,  Vol.  ii.)     8vo.     Salem, 
Mass.,  1870. 

2.  Bulletin.     Vol.  II.    8vo.    Salem,  Mass.,  1871. 

3.  Proceedings.     Vol.  6,  Part  2  (Completing  Vol.  6.)     8vo.     Salem,  Mass., 
1870. 

From  the  Essex  Archteological  Society  : — Transactions.  Vol.  5,  Part  2.  8vo. 
Colchester,  1871. 

From  the  Author  : — An  Official  Inaccuracy  respecting  the  death  and  burial  of 
the  Princess  Mary,  daughter  of  King  James  I.  By  Colonel  J.  Lemuel 
Chester.  8vo.  1871. 

From  the  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society  of  Liverpool  : — Proceedings. 
Vols.  23  and  24.  8vo.  London  and  Liverpool,  1869-70. 

From  the  East  India  Association  : — Their  Journal.  Vol.  5,  Nos.  2  and  3.  8vo. 
London,  1871. 

From  the    Cambrian  Archreological    Association  :— Archseologia  Cambrensis. 

Fourth  Series.     Nos.  7  and  8  [completing  Vol.  2.]     8vo.     London,  1871. 
From  Lieut.-Col.  G.  G.  Francis,  F.S.A. 

1.  Old  Glamorgan.       A  Rent  Roll  of   Sir  George  Herbert,  Knt.,  of  the 
Place  House,  Swansea,  and  the  Friars,  Cardiff,  1545.     Fol.  1869. 

2.  Portrait  of  George  Grant  Francis,  Lieut.-Col.     J.  Andrews,  Photo.     A. 
Rimanoczy  Lith.    Fol. 

From  J.  R.  Applcton,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :  — 

1.  Arthur  Stebbings'  Guide  to  Southwold  and  its  vicinity.     12mo.     Lowes- 
toft. 

2.  Temple  Newsam  :  its  History  and  Antiquities.     By  W.  Wheater.     8vo. 
Leeds. 

From  the  Royal  Archaeological  Institute  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  : — The 
Archaeological  Journal.  Vol.  xxvii.  Parts  109  and  110.  8vo.  London, 
1871. 

From  Albert  Way,  Esq.  M.A.  F.S.A.:— 

1.  Pontificale  Romanmn.     Folio.    Venetiis  apud  Juntas.     1543. 


208  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1^71, 

2.  ^Enea  Vico.     Augustarum  Imagines  sereis  formis  expressae  :  vitaj  quoque 
earundem  breviter  enarratse.     4to.     Venice,  1558. 

3.  Constanzio  Landi.     In  veterum  Numismatum  Romanorum  Miscellanea 
Explicationes.     (Bound  with  ^Enea  Vico.)     4to.     Lyons,  1560. 

4.  S.  Jerome.     La  vie  des  Peres  tant  d'Egypte  que  de  Sirie  et^de  plusieurs 
autres  pays.   Composee  par  monseigneur  sainct  Hierosme.    Imprimee  nouvel- 
lement  a  Paris.  •  [Black  Letter.]     Fol.     Paris,  n.  d. 

5.  Gerard  Malynes.    Lex  Mercatoria,  or  the  Ancient  Law  Merchant.     Fol. 
London,  1622. 

6.  A  Compleat  History  of  the  Lives  and  Reigns  of  Mary,  Queen  of  Scotland, 
and  of  her  son  and   successor  James  I.     By  William  Sanderson.     Fol. 
London,  1656. 

7.  Jurisprudent  Hero-ica,  sive   de   Jure  Belgarum   circa  Nobilitatem  et 
Insignia.     (Authore  J.  B.  Christyn.)    Fol.     Brussels,  1668. 

8.  Le  Grand  Cabinet  Remain,  ou  Recueil  d'Antiquitez  Romanies  que  1'oji 
trouve  a  Rome.    Par  Michel  Ange  de  La  Chausse.    Fol.    Amsterdam,  1706. 

9.  The  Royal  Tribes  of  Wales.    By  Philip  Yorke.     4to.     Wrexham,  1799. 

10.  The  "Departing  Soul's  address  to   the  Body,  a   fragment  of   a  Semi- 
Saxon  poem  discovered  by  Sir  Thomas  Phillipps,  Bart,  with  an  English, 
translation  by  S.  W.  Singer.     8vo.     London,  1845. 

11.  Les  Dues  de  Bourgogne,  etudes  sur  les  Lettres,  les  Arts,  et  1 'Industrie 
pendant  le  xve  siecle.     2nd  partie.     Preuves.     Par  le  Comte  de  Laborde. 
3  vols.     8vo.     Paris,  1849-52. 

12.  Luigi  Ferrario.     Memoria  intorno  ai  Palinsesti.     8vo.     Milan,  1853. 

13.  P.  Carlo  Annoni.     Epigrafe  antica  di  Milano.     4to.    Milan,  1854. 

14.  Glasgow  Cathedral  Painted  Windows.     Fol.     Glasgow,  1856. 

15.  An  octavo  volume  containing  the  following  Tracts  on  Bells  : 

(1.)  Notice  sur  les  Cloches,  par  M.  L'Abbe  Jules  Corblet.    1857.    (Paris). 
(2.)  Notice  sur  les  Cloches,  par  M.  L'Abbe  Barraud.     Caen.     1844. 
(3.)  Notice  sur  les  Cloches  de  Bordeaux,  par  M.  L'Abbe  J.  D.  Pardiac. 
Paris,  1858. 

(4.)  Practical  Remarks  on  Belfries  and  Ringers,  by  H.  T. .  Ellacombe. 
London,  1850. 

(5.)  The  History  and  Antiquity  of  Bells,  by  Abner  H.  Brown.     Nor- 
thampton, 1856. 

(6.)  De  la  Liturgie  des  Cloches,  par  L'Abbe   Jules   Corblet.     Amiens. 
1855. 
(7.)  Law  of  Church  Bells,  by  Abner  H.  Brown.     London,  n.  d. 

16.  Der  Wiistenroder  Leopard,  ein  romisches  Cohortenzeichen.     Von    E. 
Braun.    4to.    Bonn,  1857. 

17.  Die  Externsteine.     Von  E.  Braun.     4to.     Bonn,  1858. 

18.  Apollon  Sminthien.     Par  J.  De  Witte.     8vo.     Paris,  1858-. 

19.  Scotland  in  the  Middle  Ages.    By  Cosmo  Innes.      8vo.     Edinburgh, 
1860. 

20.  B.  Biondelli.  Sull'Antica  lingua  Azteca  o  Nahuatl.     4to.     Milan,  1860. 

21.  Memorials  of  Angus  and  the  Mearns  :  being  an  account  of  the  Castles 
and  Towns  visited  by  Edward  I.  1291 — 6.   By  Andrew  Jervise.    8vo.   Edin- 
burgh, 1861. 

22.  Histoire  des  Arts  du  Dessein  depuis  1'epoque  Romaine  jusqu'  a  la  fin. 
du  XVIe  siecle.     Par  J.  Rigollot.     (Atlas)  8vo.     Paris,  1864. 

23.  Neujahrsblatter  auf  die  Jahre  1853,  1854,  1855,  1867.     1.  Geschichte 
des  ehemaligen  Chorherrngebaudes  beim  Grossmiinster.     2.  Dasselbe.     2te 
Abth.      3.  Fortsetzung.     4.    Das  Freischiessen  von  1504.      4to.      Zurich, 
1853—67, 


Nov.  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  209 

24.  A  History  of  the  Town  and  Palace  of  Linlithgow.     By  George  Waldie. 
12mo.     Linlithgow,  1868. 

25.  Hypotyposis  Arcium,  Palatiorum,  Librorum,  Pyramidum,  &c.,  ab  illustri 
&  strcnuo  Viro  Henrico  Ranzovio,  pro  rege  &  equite  Holsato  conditorum, 
cum  nonnullis  eorum  Ectypis  partim  ameis,  partim  ligneis,  conscripta  et 
edita  a  Petro  Lindebergio.     Sm.  4to.     Frankfort,  1592. 

2G.  Theodor  Hoping.     De  Insignium  sive  Armorum  prisco  et  novo  jure 
Tractatus  juridico-historico-philologicus.     Fol.  Nuremberg,  1642. 

27.  Le  Peintre  Graveur.   Volumes  1 — 21.  Par  Adam  Bartsch.    8vo.  Vienna, 
1803—1821. 

28.  Zur  Alterthumskunde  des  Nordens.      Von   J.   J.   A.   Worsaiie.     4to. 
Leipsic,  1847. 

29.  Beitriige  zur  Geschichte  der  Familie  Maness.     Von  Georg  Wyss.     4to. 
Zurich,  1850. 

30.  Die  Keltischen  Alterthiimer  der  Schwciz,  zumal  des  Kan  tons  Bern,  in 
Absicht  auf  Kunst  und  iisthetiscb.es  Interesse.    Von  Alb.  Jahn.    4to.    Bern, 
1860. 

31.  Augustus  Marmorstatue   des  Berliner   Museums.     Achtundzwanzigstes 
Programm  zum   Winckelmannsfest    der  Archiiologischen  Gesellschaft  zu 
Berlin.     Vqp  E.  Hiibner.     4to.     Berlin,  1868. 

32    Greek  Inscription  found  at  Sestos.     (Printed  for  private  circulation 
only.)     Edited  by  Mr.  Greaves.     Fol.     London. 

From  J.  W.  K.  Eyton,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :— 

1.  Fuller  Worthies'  Library.    Edited  by  the  Rev.   A.   B.   Grosart.     (In 
continuation.) 

Henry  Vaughan's  Works.     Vols.  2  and  4.     8vo.     1871. 

Miscellanies.     Vol.  2.     Marie  Magdalen's  Lamentations  for  the  Losse  of 

her  Master.     1601.     [Completing  the  vol.]     8vo.     1871. 

Miscellanies.  Vol.  3.  The  Countesse  of  Pembrokes  Emmanuel,  together 
with  certaine  Psalmes.  By  Abraham  Fraunce  (1591).  .Concerning  the 
Holy  Eucharist  and  the  Popish  Breaden  God  (1625).  By  Thomas  Tuke. 
8vo.  1871. 

2.  Early  English  Text   Society.     (In  continuation.)     46.  Legends  of  the 
Holy  Rood.     Edited   by   R.   Morris.     47.  Sir  David   Lyndesay's   Works, 
Part  5.     The  Minor  Poems.     Edited  by  J.  A.  H.  Murray.     48.  The  Times' 
Whistle.     Compiled  by  R.  C.,  Gent.     Edited  by  J.  M.  Cowper.    8vo.    Lon- 
don, 1871. 

3.  Mr.  Ashbee's  Occasional  Fac-simile  Reprints.     (In  continuation.) 

XIV.  "  A  Treatyse  of  this  Galaunt,  with  the  maryage  of  the  Bosse  of 
Byllyngesgate." 

XV.  "  A xnew  Play,  called  Canterburie  his  Change  of  Diot."     1641 . 

XVI.  "  A  certain  Relation  of  the  Hog-faced  Gentlewoman  called  Mistris 
Tannakin  Skinker."     1640. 

XVII.  "  Drinke.  and  Welcome,"  by  John  Taylor  (the  Water  Poet).     1637. 

XVIII.  Lady  Eleanor  Audeley's  "  Strange  and  Wondcrfull  Prophesies." 
1649. 

XIX.  "  The  Generous  Usurer."     1641.     Small  4to.     London,  1871. 

4.  Stecn    and    Blacket's   original  illustrated   Wolverhampton   Guide    and 
Visitors'  Handbook.     12mo.     Wolverhampton,  1871. 

5.  Stiff ord    and    its    neighbourhood,    Past    and    Present.      By    William 
Palin,  M.A.     Printed  for  private  circulation.     8vo.  1871. 

6.  Miscellanea   Genealogica  et   Heraldica.     Monthly   Series.     Edited   by 
J.  J.  Howard,  LL.D.,  F.S.A.     Nos.  13—16.     Svo.     London,  1871. 

From  the  Autaor  :— Parish  Registers.     By  R.  E.  C.  Waters,  Esq.  B.A.     Re- 
VOL.  V.  P 


210  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

printed,  with  additions  and  corrections,  from  "  The  Home  and  Foreign 
Review."  No.  IV.  April,  1863.  Printed  for  private  circulation.  8vo. 
London,  1870. 

From  the  Camden  Society  : — Publications.  New  Series,  No.  I.  The  Fortescue 
Papers.  Edited  by  S.  R.  Gardiner.  4to.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Author,  Ch.  Rcessler : — 

1.  Les  Antiquites  Historiques  du  Musee  du  Havre.     8vo.    Rouen,  1870. 

2.  Rapport  sur  les  Sepultures  Gallo-Romaines  du  Havre.     8vo.    Havre, 
1870. 

3.  Le  Tombeau  de  Mausole.    8\o     laris,  1870. 

From  the  Author : — A  Glossary  of  Cornish  Names  now  or  formerly  in  use  in 
Cornwall.  By  the  Rev.  John  Bannister,  LL.D.  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Author,  Morris  C.  Jones,  Esq.  F.S.A. : — 

1.  The  Abbey  of  Ystrad  Marchell  (Strata  Marcella),  or  Pola;    Part  2.    8vo. 

2.  Incidents  connected  with  the  Rebellion  of  Owen  Glendower  in  Powys- 
Land.     8vo.     (Both  from  Collections  relating  to  Montgomeryshire,  issued 
by  the  Powys-Land  Club.    Vol.  IV.,  ii.) 

From  the  Powys-Land  Club :— Collections  Historical  and  Archaeological  re- 
lating to  Montgomeryshire.  Vol.  IV.  ii  and  iii.  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Yorkshire  Archaeological  and  Topographical  Association : — Report  of 
the  Excursion  to  Leeds  and  neighbourhood.  8vo.  Leeds,  1871. 

From  the  Editor,  Richard  Woof,  Esq.  F.S.A. :— Pedigree  of  the  Turner  Family, 
and  its  representatives  in  1871.  4to.  Privately  printed.  London,  1871. 
Two  copies. 

From  the  Author :— Notice  sur  Edouard  Gerhard.  Par  J.  De  Witte.  Sm.  8vo. 
Brussels,  1871. 

From  the  Canadian  Institute :— The  Canadian  Journal.  Vol.  XIII.  No.  2.  8vo. 
Toronto,  1871. 

From  the  Editor,  Mary  A.  Everett  Green  : — Calendar  of  State  Papers,  Domestic 
Series,  of  the  reign  of  Elizabeth.  Addenda,  1566— 1579  ;  preserved  in  Her 
Majesty's  Public  Record  Office.  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Author : — A  Winter  in  Iceland  and  Lapland.  By  the  Hon.  Arthur 
Dillon.  2  vols.  8vo.  London,  1840. 

From  the  Manx  Society  :— Publications.  Vol.  XVIII.  The  old  Historians  of  the 
Isle  of  Man,  Camden,  Speed,  Dugdale,  Cox,  Wilson,  Willis,  and  Grose. 
Edited  by  William  Harrison.  8vo.  Douglas,  1871. 

From  the  London  Institution: — Their  Journal,  Nos.  7  and  8,  Vol.  I.  8vo. 
London,  1871. 

From  the  Editor,  Francis  Bennoch,  Esq.  F.S.A. :— The  Refugees'  Benevolent 

Fund.    The  Final  Report  of  the  Acting  Committee.    8vo.    London,  1871. 
From  the  Royal  Institution  of  Great  Britain  : — 

1.  Proceedings,  Vol.  VI.  Part  4,  No.  55.    8vo.    London,  1871. 

2.  No.   14.     Additions  to  the  Library.     July   1870  to  July  1871      8vo 
London,  1871. 

From  the  Author :— Medals,  Clasps,  and  Crosses,  military  ajid  naval.  In  the 
Collection  of  J.  J.  W.  Fleming.  4to.  1871.  [For  private  circulation 
only.] 

From  A.  J.  Waterlow,  Esq. :— The  Accounts  of  the  Churchwardens  of  the 
Parish  of  Saint  Michael,  Cornhill,  in  the  City  of  London.  From  1456  to 
1608.  Edited  by  W.  H.  Overall,  F.S.A.  Printed  for  private  circulation. 
Square  8vo.  London,  1871. 


Nov.  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  211 

From  the  Author,  the  Rev.  M.  E.  C.  Walcott,  B.D.,  F.S.A.  :— 

1.  Original  Documents.      Church  Lists  of  Pembroke,  Caermarthen  ;    the 
hundreds  of  Kelhynoke,  Derws,  Elvet,  Perveth  ;  and  St.  Asaph.     [From 
Archseologia  Cambrensis.     4th  Series,  vol.  ii.]     8vo. 

2.  Chantries  of  Leicestershire  and  the  Inventory  of  Olveston.     8vo. 

From  the  Author  : — On  the  Forms  of  Prayer  recited  "  at  the  Healing,"  or  touch- 
ing for  the  King's  Evil.  By  the  Rev.  W.  Sparrow  Simpson,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 
[From  Journ.  of  Arch.  Assoc.  Vol.  27.]  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  Robert  Ferguson,  Esq.  :— Cumberland  and  Westmoreland  M.P.'s,  from  the 
Restoration  to  the  Reform  Bill  of  1867  (1660—1867).  By  Richard  S.  Fer- 
guson, M.A.,  Barrister-at-Law.  8vo.  London  and  Carlisle,  1871. 

From  A.  W.  Franks,  Esq.,  M.A.,  V.P.S.A  :— 

1.  De  Societate  Antiquaria  Londinensi  Epistola  Christiani  Kortholti.     4to. 
Leipsic,  1735. 

2.  A  Picturesque  Tour  in  Yorkshire  and  Derbyshire,  by  the  late  Edward 
Dayes  ;  with  illustrative  notes  by  E.  W.  Brayley,  F.S.A.     Second  Edition. 
8vo.     London,  1825. 

3.  Stray  Notes  on  the  Text  of  Shakespeare,  by  Henry  "YVellesley,  D.D.     4to. 
London, 1865* 

From  the  Author : —Memoirs  on  Remains  of  Ancient  Dwellings  in  Holyhead 
Island,  explored  in  1862  and"1868.  By  the  Hon.  W.  Owen  Stanley,  M.P., 
F.S.A.  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Author : — The  Convent  of  Saint  Catherine  of  Sienna,  near  Edinburgh. 
By  George  Seton,  M.A.  4to.  Edinburgh,  1871.  (Printed  for  private 
circulation.) 

From  the  Royal  Lombardic  Institution  : — 

1.  Memorie.     Vol.  XI.     2  della  Serie  iii.     Fascicolo  3  e  ultimo  ;  Vol.  XII. 
Fasc.  i.     Folio.     Milan,  1870. 

2.  Rendiconti.      Serie    ii.      Vol.  II.   Parte   2.      Fasc.    17-20   ed   ultimo ; 
Vol.  III.     Fasc.  1-15.     8vo.     Milan,  1869-70. 

From  the  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society  of  Manchester  : — Proceedings. 
Vol.  XI.  Nos.  1  and  2.  Svo. 

From  the  Author: — Further  Notices  of  Winchelsea.  By  W.  Durrant 
Cooper,  Esq.,  F.S.A.  Svo.  (From  Vol.  XXIII.  Sussex  Archaeological  Col- 
lections.) 

From  the  Somersetshire  Archaeological  and  Natural  History  Society  : — Pro- 
ceedings, 1870.  Vol.  XVI.  8vo.  Taunton,  1871. 

From  the  Author  :— An  Account  of  the  Priory  of  S.  Martin,  Dover.  By  J. 
Tavenor  Perry.  Svo.  Oxford  and  London,  1871. 

From  the  Author  : — Observations  of  Comets,  from  B.C.  611  to  A.D.  16-iO.  Ex- 
tracted from  the  Chinese  Annals.  By  John  Williams,  F.S.A.  4to. 
London,  1871. 

From  the  American  Philosophical  Society  held  at  Philadelphia  : — Proceedings. 
Vol.  XII.  No.  86.  8vo.  Philadelphia,  1871. 

From  Her  Majesty's  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Home  Department  : — By  the 
Queen.  A  Proclamation  to  publish  and  declare  that  the  Parliament  be 
further  prorogued  to  Wednesday  the  27th  December  next.  Given  at  Bal- 
moral, 3  November,  1871,  35th  year  of  reign.  Broadside  fol.  (Two 
copies.) 

From  the  Author  : — Remarks  on  Roman  Coins  found  near  Woodbridge,  Suffolk. 
By  Bunnell  Lewis,  M.A.,  F.S.A.  8vo.  1871.  (From  the  Archaeological 
Journal,  Vol.  XXVIII.) 

P  2 


212  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

From  the  Author  : — Merlin  and  Arthur.  The  following  Essay  is  printed  for 
the  use  of  the  Early  English  Text  Society.  [By  Scott  F.  Surtees.]  Printed 
for  private  circulation.  8vo.  1871. 

From  the  Architectural  and  Archaeological  Society  for  the  County  of  Bucking- 
ham :— Kecords  of  Buckinghamshire.  Vol.  IV.  No.  2.  Svo.  Aylesbury, 
1871. 

From  the  Author  : — The  Next  Holiday  :  how  to  keep  it.  By  William  Bay 
Smee,  F.S.A. '  Second  Edition.  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Koyal  Institute  of  British  Architects  :— Sessional  Papers,  1871—72. 
No.  1.  4to.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Author  : — The  Bohuns  of  Midhurst.  [By  Edmond  Chester  Waters.] 
Svo.  1872.  (From  the  Herald  and  Genealogist.  Vol.  7.) 

From  the  Society  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  Batavia  : — 1.  Tijdschrift  voor  Indische 
Taal-,  Land-,  en  Volkenkunde.   Deel  XIX.     8vo.    Batavia,  1870. 
2.  Notulen.  Deel  VII.    Nos.  2—4.    Deel  VIII.    Nos.  1  en  2.    8vo.    Batavia, 
1869—70. 

From  A.  W.  Franks,  Esq.  M.A.  V.P.S.A.  Presented  in  accordance  with  the 
intention  of  the  late  Felix  Slade,  Esq.  F.S.A.  : — Catalogue  of  the  Collection 
of  Glass  formed  by  Felix  Slade,  Esq.  F.S.A.  With  Notes  on  the  History  of 
Glass  Making,  by  Alexander  Nesbitt,  Esq.  F.S.A.,  and  an  Appendix  con- 
taining a  description  of  other  works  of  art  presented  or  bequeathed  by 
Mr.  Slade  to  the  Nation.  Printed  for  private  distribution.  Fol.  1871.  ' 

Votes  of  Special  Thanks  were  accorded  to  Albert  Way,  Esq. 
F.S.A.,  for  his  valuable  contribution  to  the  Library ;  and  to 
A.  W.  Franks,  Esq.  V.P.,  one  of  the  Executors  and  Trustees  of 
the  late  Felix  Slade,  Esq.  F.S.A.  for  the  Present,  announced  this 
day,  of  the  very  handsome  and  finely  illustrated  volume,  descrip- 
tive of  the  large  collection  of  glass  formed  by  Mr.  Slade,  and 
bequeathed*by  him  to  the  British  Museum. 

This  work,  left  unfinished]  at  Mr.  Slade's  death,  has  since  been 
completed  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Franks,  and  it  is  in  accor- 
dance with  the  testator's  wishes  that,  out  of  the  limited  number 
printed,  a  copy  has  been  deposited  in  the  Library  of  the  Society, 

The  PKESIDENT  informed  the  Society,  that  during  the  recess 
he  had  ventured,  in  the  name  and  on  behalf  of  the  Council,  to 
urge  upon  Her  Majesty's  Government  the  importance  of  securing 
for  the  British  Museum  the  valuable  collection  of  antique  jewel- 
lery, gems,  and  goldsmith's  work,  formed  by  Signor  Castellani, 
of  Rome.  He  was  glad  to  be  able  to  inform  the  meeting,  that 
the  Government  had  recognised  the  propriety  of  so  doing,  and 
that  the  collection  in  question  had  been  purchased  for  the 
British  Museum. 

The  President  also  informed  the  meeting,  and  that  with 
sincere  regret,  that  this  evening,  and  he  feared  for  some  weeks 
to  come,  they  would  be  deprived  of  the  presence  of  their 
Treasurer,  who  was  always  so  assiduous  in  his  attendance.  He 
grieved  to  say  that  impaired  health  compelled  him,  under 
medical  advice,  to  go  to  the  Mediterranean  in  search,  of  that 


Nov.  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  213 

rest  which  the  over-zealous  discharge  of  his  professional  and 
other  duties  had  rendered  imperative. 

DECIMUS  BURTON,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  and  presented  two 
coloured  Photographs  of  Oil  Paintings,  being  views  of  Hyde  Park 
Corner  prior  to  and  in  1827  : — 

1.  Prior  to  1827  from  an  oil  painting,  showing  the  toll-bar. 

2.  1827,  from  an  oil  painting  by  the  late  James  Holland, 
showing  the  surmount  and  sculptures  designed  by  Mr. 
Burton  for  the  Arch  on  Constitution  Hill. 

A.  W.  FRANKS,  Esq.  V.P.  exhibited  and  presented  a  col- 
lection of  casts  of  Ivories  and  Bookbindings  of  the  Carlovingian 
period  from  Cologne,  Gildesheim,  and  other  quarters. 

In  accordance  with  a  Resolution  of  the  Council  held  November 
21st,  1871,  the  following  Report,  relating  to  a  meeting  held  in 
the  Chapter  House  at  Westminster  during  the  recess  was 
read — 

The  Dean  of  "Westminster  desires  to  report  to  the  Council,  that  in  the  month 
of  July  of  the  present  year,  after  consulting  with  the  President,  and  after  obtain- 
ing the  permission  of  Her  Majesty's  Government,  he  placed  himself  in  communi- 
cation with  the  Director  and  Secretary  of  the  Society,  with  a  view  to  arrange 
a  meeting  to  be  held  in  the  Chapter  House  at  Westminster.  The  Dean  had  felt 
that  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London  were  so  largely  entitled  to  the  credit 
of  having  brought  about  the  Restoration  of  the  Chapter  Houseythat  it  was  only 
right  they  should  once  more  meet  within  its  walls  to  see  the  results  of  their  exer- 
tions. He  had  therefore  proposed  that  cards  of  invitation  should  be  sent  to  all 
the  Fellows,  and  to  such  other  persons  as  might  be  interested  in  the  completion 
of  the  Restoration. 

Cards  were  accordingly  issued.  A  numerously  attended  meeting  was  held  at 
the  Chapter  House,  on  July  the  21st,  at  4  P.M.,  and  after  some  opening  remarks 
from  the  Dean,  and  from  Mr.  George  Gilbert  Scott,  R.A.  F.S.A.  calling  attention 
to  the  work  which  had  been  accomplished,  the  following  Resolutions  were  suc- 
cessively put  from  the  Chair,  and  carried  unanimously  : — 

I.  Moved  by  R.  Neville-Grenville,  Esq.  M.P.  F.S.A.,  seconded  by  Sir  W.  F. 
Pollock,  Bart., 

That  this  meeting,  while  congratulating  Her  Majesty's  Government,  and 
in  particular  the  Right  Honourable  W.  E.  Gladstone,  and  the  Right 
Honourable"  W.  Cowper- Temple,  on  the  progress  which  has  been  so  judi- 
ciously made  in  the  restoration  of  the  Chapter  House,  anxiously  desires  to 
impress  on  the  Government  and  on  both  Houses  of  Parliament  the  necessity 
of  completing  the  task  they  have  taken  in  hand,  by  filling  the  windows 
with  stained  glass. 

II.  Moved  by  the  Right  Honourable  W.  Cowper-Templc,  M.P.,  seconded  by 
J.  H.  Parker,  Esq.  M.A.  F.S.A., 

That  this  meeting,  anxious  to  secure  for  future  generations  of  illustrious 
Englishmen  the  honour  of  interment  in  the  Abbey  or  its  precincts,  suggests 
to  Her  Majesty's  Government  that  steps  should  be  taken  for  the  erection  of 
a  new  Cloister,  fulfilling  the  purposes  of  a  Campo  Santo. 

III.  Moved  by  Sir  William  Tito,  M.P.  C.B.  V.P.S.A.,  seconded  by  Henry 
Reeve,  Esq.  F.S.A. , 

That  the  thanks  of  this  meeting  be  offered  to  the  Right  Honourable 
W.  E.  Gladstone  for  permission  to  assemble  this  day  in  the  Chapter  House, 
and  to  the  Dean  of  Westminster  for  consenting  to  preside. 


214  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

To  the  above  report  of  the  Dean  of  Westminster,  the  Secretary 
added  that  a  copy  of  the  Resolutions  having  been  -sent  to  the 
Right  Honourable  W.  E.  Gladstone,  M.P.,  the  following  reply 
has  been  received : — 

10,  Downing  Street,  Whitehall, 

18  Aug.  1871. 

Sir, — Mr.  Gladstone  desires  me  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  letter, 
forwarding  a  copy  of  the  Resolutions  adopted  by  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  with 
reference  to  Westminster  Abbey  and  to  the  Chapter  House,  which  has  been 
lately  restored. 

Mr.  Gladstone  will  take  an  opportunity  of  calling  the  attention  of  the  Govern- 
ment to  the  subject  which  has  been  brought  to  his  notice  by  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries. — I  am,  &c., 

W.  B.  GUEDON. 

C.  Knight  Watson,  Esq. 

JAMES  FOWLER,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary  for  Yorkshire, 
exhibited  the  following  objects : — 

1.  A  Watch  belonging  to  Sir  Lionel  S.  Pilkington,  Bart., 
which  may  be  described  as  follows : 

The  watch  is  octagonal  in  shape,  and  two  inches  in  length  by 
one-inch  and  five  eighths  in  width,  and  one  inch  and  one-eighth 
in  depth.  On  the  upper  valve  is  engraved,  on  the  outside,  in  a 
central  octagonal  compartment,  a  group  of  Susannah  and  the 
Elders,  and  in  eight  smaller  surrounding  compartments — a 
cherub,  two  river  horses,  two  nude  female  figures,  two  sphinxes, 
and  a  pair  of  cornucopise ;  and  within,  a  wreath  of  conventional 
branchery  and  foliage.  On  the  opposite  valve,  or  back  of  the 
case,  which  does  not  open,  there  is  engraved  in  the  central  octa- 
gonal compartment — Susannah  before  the  Judges ;  and  in  the 
eightsurrounding  small  compartments,  respectively— a  demi- 
figure  with  a  pair  of  trumpets,  two  rabbits  feeding  in  foliage, 
two  boys  playing  on  musical  instruments,  a  demi-man  playing 
on  a  musical  instrument,  a  demi-woman  playing  on  a  trumpet, 
and  a  human  face  in  the  midst  of  foliage.  On  the  dial- 
plate  is  engraven,  in  the  centre — the  Stoning  of  St.  Stephen,  sur- 
rounded by  classical  figures  and  foliage.  There  is  neither  minute 
hand,  hair-spring,  nor  chain,  catgut  being  used  instead  of  the 
latter.  The  works  are  of  brass,  and  revolve  in  a  direction  con- 
trary to  that  of  modern  watches,  and  the  fusee  has  seventeen 
turns  upon  it.  The  hours  are  struck  upon  a  fine  clear-sounding 
bell,  and  the  sides  of  the  case  are  of  gilt  brass,  richly  engraved, 
and  pierced  for  the  emission  of  sound.  The  pendant  is  a  swivel, 
to  allow  of  the  watch  being  easily  turned  and  examined,  as  it 
hung  at  the  girdle  of  the  wearer.  It  bears  the  name  of"  Pierre 
Combret,  Paris."  Its  date  may  be  assigned  to  the  end  of  the 
sixteenth  century,  and  the  designs  would  seem  to  have  been 
furnished  by  Dubry. 


Nov.  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  215 

2.  Five  tracings  of  painted  glass,  reduced,  etched,  and  printed 
by  Hancock  of  Le  wish  am,  and   coloured   by  hand   from   the 
originals. 

1  and  2.  The  second  and  third  lights  of  a  three-light  window 
in  the  chancel  of  Thornhill  Church,  Yorkshire ;  representing 
the  Nativity  of  Our  Lord  with  the  Assumption  of  the  Virgin, 
and  the  Resurrection  of  Our  Lord  with  the  Coronation  of  the 
Virgin.  The  first  light,  now  destroyed,  may  not  improbably 
have  contained  the  Annunciation  and  the  Death  or  Entomb- 
ment of  the  Virgin.  The  lower  tier  of  subjects  would  then 
range  as  follows:  1,  the  Annunciation  ;  2,  the  Nativity;  3,  the 
Resurrection  of  Our  Lord  ;  and  the  upper  tier — 1 ,  the  Death  ; 
2,  the  Assumption ;  and  3,  the  Coronation  of  the  Virgin.  The 
date  of  the  glass  is  about  A.D.  1495. 

3.  A  compartment  of  the  east  window  of  Methley  Church, 
Yorkshire,    representing    the    two    doctors    of    the    Church — 
SS.  Jerome  "and  Ambrose.     SS.  Augustine  and  Gregory,  with  a 
number  of  other  Saints,. occur  in  other  compartments,  but  the 
glass  is  very  fragmentary. 

4  and  5.  Two  angels,  bearing  scrolls  and  standing  on  wheels, 
from  the  tracery  lights  of  a  window  in  the  Waterton  Chapel, 
Methley.  These  and  the  preceding  belong  to  the  Fifteenth 
Century,  apparently  to  about  the  reign  of  Edward  IV. 

The  process  for  obtaining  the  etchings  Mr.  Fowler  believed  to 
be  a  kind  of  Photo-Zincography.  A  reversed  negative  photograph 
of  the  tracing,  which  must  be  in  black  and  white,  uncoloured,  is 
transferred  to  a  zinc  plate  suitably  prepared,  and  the  white  parts 
corroded  as  usual.  The  plate  is  then  fastened  to  a  block  of 
wood,  and  printed  like  an  ordinary  woodcut.  The  cost  is  ex- 
tremely moderate,  varying  from  ninepence  to  two  shillings  per 
square  inch ;  and  the  effect  superior  to  any  other  mode  of  illus- 
trating subjects  in  painted  glass  yet  attempted.  In  chromo- 
lithographs the  colours  are  always  opaque  and  lifeless,  and  the 
outlines  far  from  being  at  all  necessarily,  as  by  this  process,  per- 
fectly accurate. 

3.  Two  heel-ball  rubbings  of  Heraldic  bench-ends  in  Great 
Sandal  Church,  Yorkshire.  Each  bears  a  shield ;  the  first — 

Quarterly : 

1.  Percy  and  Lucy,  quarterly.  2.  Percy,  Ancient.  3.  Poyn- 
ings.  4.  Fitzpaine.  5.  Bryan.  Impaling  Frost  and  Amyas 
quarterly. 

The  second  Shield  is — - 

Quarterly : 

1  and  4.  Percy.     2  and  3.  Lucy,  with  a  martlet  for  difference. 

Impaling  Frost  and  Amyas,  quarterly. 


216  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

The  arms  are  therefore  those  of  Josceline  Percy,  youngest  son 
of  Henry,  fourth  Earl  of  Northumberland,  between  about  the 
year  1523,  when  he  was  married  to  Margaret  Frost,  of  Fether- 
ston,  and  1532 — when  he  died. 

Above  the  shields  runs  the  inaccurately  carved  inscription 

(©rate  pro  sono  statu  toselgmg  pgrcg  atmeserg, 

preceded  by  the  crescent  and  fetterlock  badge,  with  a  martlet  on 
the  crescent  for  difference. 

4.  Kubbings  of  an  earlier  example  of  the  crescent  and  fetterlock 
badge,  on  a  miserere,  and  of  the  crescent  alone  as  an  ornament 
in  the  panelling  of  the  choir  stalls,  at  All  Saint's  Church,- WakeT 
field,  c.  1470 ;  perhaps  for  Henry,  third  Earl  of  Northumber- 
land, who  was  one  of  the  chief  commanders  of  the  Lancastrian 
army  at  the  Battle  of  Wakefield,  and  fell  three  months  after  at 
Towton  Field. 

5.  A  heel-ball  rubbing  of  an  incised  sepulchral  slab  in  Camp- 
sail    Church,  Yorkshire.      The   cross,    of  noble  proportions,  is 
floriated  at  once  richly  and  chastely.    It  stands  upon  a  graduated 
Calvary.     On  one  side  of  the  shaft  is  a  sword,  with  the  point 
directed  downward. 

6.  A  series  of  twelve  water-colour  drawings,  by  Cromek,  of 
the  antiquities  of  Bakewell  Church,  Derbyshire,  viz.  : — 

Incised  sepulchral  slabs,  most  of  them  of  the  thirteenth  century. 
Amongst  these  is  a  coped  stone,  bearing  the  inscription — 

QNTVLS  8INT  bOMINVM  CORPV8CVLA  8VA 
MOR8  NULLI  PAR6N8  MOR8  PIGTAT6.  ... 

An  adaptation  of  Juvenal,  Sat.  v.  172,  3. 

-  "  Mors  sola  fatetur 
Quantula  sint  hominum  corpuscula. 

The  end  of  the  stone  appears  to  have  been  broken  off.  The 
lines  would  appear  to  have  been,  originally, 

"  Quantula  sint  hominum  corpuscula  sola  fatetur 
Mors  nulli  parens  (?  parcens),  mors  pietate  deletur," 

or  to  that  effect. 

The  ancient  cross-stem  (similar  to  those  at  Ilkley),  in  the 
churchyard. 

The  monument,  in  the  interior,  of  Sir  Godfrey  Foljambe, 
Seneschal  of  Pontefract  to  John  of  Gaunt,  and  Avena  his 
wife. 

Monument  of  Sir  Thomas  Wendesley  of  Wendesley,    slain 


Nov.  30.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  217 

at   the   battle   of    Shrewsbury,    on   the    part    of  Henry    IV., 
A.D.  1403. 

An  altar-tomb  to  one  of  the  Vernons,  of  Haddon. 

The  Font 

The  Piscina  and  Sedilia. 

A  richly-ornamented  Norman  doorway,  on  the  exterior. 

A  fragment  of  arcading,  with  the  chevron  moulding. 

Fragments,  including  the  piscina  in  the  Vernon  Chapel. 

A  paper  by  Mr.  James  Fowler  was  then  read  on  Mediaeval 
Representations  of  the  Months  and  Seasons,  which  will  appear 
in  the  Archa^ologia,  vol.  xliv. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  communications. 


Thursday,  November  30th,  1871. 
Colonel  A.  H.  LANE  FOX,  V.R,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors : — 

From  the   Literary  and  Philosophical  Society  of  Manchester,: — Proceedings. 
Vol.  xi.     Nos.  2  and  3.     Session  1871-2.     8vo. 

From  the  Editor,  John  Fetherston,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Selected  List  of  Charters  and 
other  Evidences  belonging  to  the  Corporation  of  Coventry.  8vo.  War- 
wick, 1871. 

From  the  Author  : — The  Prison  and  the  School.  Second  Number.  An  Appeal 
for  the  Girls.  By  E.  E.  Antrobus,  F.S.A.  For  private  circulation  only. 
8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Author  :— On  two  Heraldic  Bench-ends  in  Great  Sandal  Church.  By 
James  Fowler,  Esq.  F.S.A.  8vo. 

George  Wharton  Simpson,  Esq.  was  admitted  a  Fellow. 

George  John,  Lord  Rosehill,  proposed  for  election  as  a  Fellow, 
being  entitled  as  the  eldest  son  of  a  Peer  to  have  his  election  at 
once  proceeded  with,  the  ballot  for  such  election  was  taken,  and 
his  Lordship  was  declared  to  be  duly  elected. 

JOHN  PIGGOT,  Esq.  F.S.A.,  Local  Secretary  for  Essex,  ex- 
hibited a  plain  Gold  Ring  of  Roman  workmanship,  found  lately 
at  Little  Totliam  in  Essex.  The  bezel  of  the  ring  bore  the 

0   V .  N 
incised   letters      y  S  T     '       "^s   inscription,    although  it    has 

called  forth  many  ingenious  conjectures,  has  not   as   yet  met 
with  a  satisfactory  interpretation. 


218  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

ALBERT  WAY,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited,  by  permission  of 
S.  S.  Lewis,  Esq.,  the  Roman  Weight  of  Bronze  with  characters 
inlaid  in  silver,  which  is  represented  in  the  accompanying 
woodcut. 


BKONZE   WEIGHT   FEOM   CAMBKIDGE. 

Mr.  Way  illustrated  this  exhibition  by  the  following  remarks 
contained  in  a  letter  to  the  Secretary  : — 

"  I  beg  to  offer  for  the  inspection  of  the  Society  a  Roman 
relic  lately  found  at  Cambridge,  which  appears  to  be  of  some 
interest.  It  is  a  bronze  weight,  a  sextans,  or  sixth  part  of  the 
Roman  pound ;  it  was  brought  to  light  with  a  bronze  armlet, 
on  the  northern  side  of  the  Castle  Hill,  at  Cambridge,  near  the 
Histon  Road.  A  small  brass  of  Allectus,  and  a  few  brass  minimi, 
much  defaced,  lay  near  the  spot.  These  objects  have  been  sent 
to  me  by  Mr.  S.  S.  Lewis,  Fellow  and  Librarian  of  Corpus  Christi 
College,  and,  with  his  permission,  I  am  desirous  to  submit  them 
to  the  Society.  Small  Roman  weights  of  bronze  have  occurred 
on  several  occasions  in  this  country ;  examples  were  obtained  in 
London  by  Mr.  Roach  Smith,  and  are  noticed  in  his  Illustrations 
of  Roman  London.*  These  are  similar  in  their  general  form  to 
the  weight  in  Mr.  Lewis's  possession,  namely,  a  depressed  sphere. 
These  graduated  weights,  however,  so  far  as  I  have  had  occasion 
to  observe,  are  of  less  frequent  occurrence  than  the  stilyard 
weights  that  are  found  so  often  with  Roman  remains  in  this 
country,  and  are  in  many  instances  of  beautiful  and  artistic 
design.  The  comparatively  frequent  discoveries  of  the  equipon- 
dium  of  bronze,  much  varied  in  its  fashion  and  elegant  work- 
manship, would  suggest  that  the  convenient  appliance,  the  statera, 
or  stilyard,  was  more  commonly  employed  than  the  earlier  inven- 
tion, the  balance.  There  is,  moreover,  a  feature  in  the  little 
relic  sent  by  Mr.  Lewis,  to  which  I  desire  to  invite  attention, 
because  any  details,  however  minute  and  trivial,  associated  with 
ancient  epigraphy,  have  a  certain  value,  entitling  the  objects  on 
which  they  are  found  to  some  special  consideration.  The  weight 
found  at  Cambridge,  it  will  be  seen,  bears  two  symbols  or  charac- 

*  P.  144,  pi.  xxxviii.    Four — a  two-ounce,  one-ounce,  half,  and  quarter  of  the 
ounce. 


Nov.  30.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  219 

ters  inlaid  in  silver,  one  of  them  bearing  some  resemblance  to 
the  caduceus,  deprived  of  its  handle.  It  is,  however,  in  fact, 
the  well-known  siyla  &,  the  commencement  of  the  technical 
word  ovy/cia,  uncia,  an  ounce.  The  second  character  might,  if 
the  inscription  were  unique,  be  taken  for  the  letter  R  ;  but  we 
shall  find,  by  comparison  with  other  examples,  that  it  is  merely 
a  peculiarly  formed  B,  denoting  the  number  2,  which  is  the 
number  of  ounces  comprised  in  the  sextans,  the  particular  part 
of  the  libra  which  this  little  relic  proves  to  be. 

u  Of  the  particular  form  of  ancient  weights,  we  have  many 
illustrations  in  antiquarian  works.  Caylus  gives  us  a  graduated 
series  of  small  marble  weights  that  are  of  interest  as  bearing  the 
official  authentication  by  the  Prefect  of  Rome.  The  letters  are 
somewhat  roughly  cut,  and  not  intended,  as  Caylus  remarks,  to 
receive  the  incrustation  of  silver,  of  which  he  had  seen  many 
examples,  and  the  several  weights  bore  no  symbols  to  distinguish 
them  in  the,  graduated  series,  respectively.  The  legend  runs  as 
follows  : — Ex  auctoritate  Q.  Juni  Rustici  praefect.  vrb.*  It 
may  seem  not  unreasonable  to  imagine  that  the  incrustation  of 
a  precious  metal,  as  on  the  weight  found  at  Cambridge,  was 
a  sign  that  it  had  passed  through  some  formality  of  authen- 
tication. 

Gruter  in  his  Corpus  Inscriptionum,  page  ccxxi.  has  also  given 
notes  of  several  ancient  weights,  the  sub-divisions  of  the  As  or 
Libra.  The  uncia  is  marked  8  *  A,  the  sextans  tf  '•  B,  or  as  in  an 
example  rudely  figured  (page  ccxxii.  fig.  5),  »  'R,  much  as  the 
weight  now  under  consideration.  The  quadrans  is  marked 
8  •  r.  Of  the  triens  Gruter  gives  no  satisfactory  example  with 
this  kind  of  mark.  One  weight  which,  by  the  corresponding 
weight  in  modern  Roman  ounces,  must  be  a  triens,  is  also 
marked  with  a  r.  The  semis,  or  half-pound  of  twelve  ounces, 
bears  the  mark  tf  *  Ss.  This  writer  describes  nine  sextantes,  and 
gives  their  respective  weights  in  modern  Roman  ounces, 
scruples,  and  grains.  They  vary  from  1  oz.  23  scr.  4  grs.  to 
1  oz.  20  scr.  20  grs.  the  average  weight  being  1  oz.  21  scr. 
8  grs.  which,  when  converted  into  English  ounces  Troy,  is 
equivalent  to  1  oz.  14  dwts.  8J  grs.  nearly,  corresponding  within 
four  grains  with  the  weight  of  the  bronze  specimen  obtained  by 
Mr.  Lewis,  which  weighs  1  oz.  14  dwts.  11  grs. 

A  sextans  precisely  similar  to  that  now  exhibited  is  figured  in 
Professor  Stephens'  Old  Runic  Monuments,  p.  569. 

Montfaucon  j    has   figured  a  series  of  ten  of  those   ancient 

*  Caylus,  Recueil,  tome  iv.  pi.  Ixvi.  p.  206.    According  to  Sigonius  (ap.  Grutcr 
ccxxii.)  lie  was  Prefect  of  the  city  A.D.  344. 
f  Vol.  iii.  p.  170,  pi.  xciv. 


220  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

weights  from  the  old  collection  at  Paris  under  his  charge,  but 
now  dispersed.  He  gives  examples  that  had  been  figured  by 
various  collectors  and  writers  on  antiquity,  as  Spon,  Fabreti, 
and  Bonanni.  These  weights,  similar  in  form  to  that  which  has 
originated  these  few  remarks,  are  of  various  dimensions  and 
materials,  they  are  not  infrequently  of  black  marble,  designated 
Lapis  Lydius,  or  touch-stone,  and  one  is  mentioned  that  was  of 
jasper. 

There  are  doubtless  many  other  specimens  in  public  museums 
and  private  collections,  but  it  seems  curious  that  very  few,  it 
any,  have  been  recorded  as  found  in  Britain.  I  have  written 
not  a  few  letters  of  inquiry  about  such  weights  found  in  England 
but  without  result.  None  have  occurred  at  Corinium,  "nor,  at 
Isca  Silurum,  nor  any  other  Roman  site  where  I  have  directed 
inquiry. 

In  the  second  Vase  Room  of  the  British  Museum  several 
specimens,  I  am  told,  are  preserved ;  one,  a  sextans,  has  the  B 
formed  almost  exactly  like  that  sent  by  Mr.  Lewis :  the  triens 
does  not  bear  the  A ,  as  might  have  been  expected,  but  four 
dots  £  o  inlaid  in  silver. 

It  has  been  already  observed  that  a  bronze  armlet  was  found 
with  the  sextans.  This,  it  will  be  seen,  is  a  simple,  fiat  band 
without  any  ornament  of  interest;  it  is  engraved  at  intervals 
with  lines  cross-hatched  diagonally.  There  can,  I  imagine,  be 
little  doubt  as  regards  its  Roman  origin,  although  it  presents  no 
feature  whatever  of  the  taste  and  skill  almost  invariably. shown 
on  Roman  work. 

Of  the  four  coins  I  can  discern  only,  as  before  mentioned, 
a  small  brass  of  Allectus  with  the  reverse  "  Ltetitia  Aug." 

T.  J.  ARNOLD,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  the  following  objects  :— 
1.  A  leaden  Sling-Bullet  of  Greek  manufacture,  bearing  the 
proper  name  KAEONIKOT. 


GREEK  SLING-BULLET. 


Whether  the  names  inscribed  on  this  and  other  bullets  of  the 
same  kind  are  those  of  the  maker,  or  rather  of  the  general  com- 
manding the  expedition  on  which  they  were  used,  may  be 
doubted.  Mr.  Arnold  was  disposed  to  entertain  the  latter  view, 
which  indeed  is  supported  by  the  authority  of  some  of  the  Roman 
glandes,  of  which  an  example,  bearing  the  name  of  a  general 


Nov.  30.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  221 

(Imperator),  will  be  found  engraved  in  Proceedings,  2  S.  iv.  315, 
while  others,  as  that  of  the  centurion  of  the  xth  Legion  (Ibid.  ii. 
270),  tend  rather  to  confirm  the  former  opinion. 

One  Cleonicus,  a  native  of  Naupactus,  living  towards  the  end 
of  the  third  century  B.C.  is  recorded  by  Polybius  (lib.  v.)  to 
have  been  sent  by  Philip  V.  to  make  peace  with  the  JGtolians. 
He  was  accompanied  by  both  a  naval  and  a  military  force,  which, 
however,  does  not  appear  to  have  been  called  into  active  service. 
That  this  bullet  formed  a  part  of  the  ordnance  stores  of  this 
expedition  cannot  at  all  events  be  easily  disproved.  The  use  of 
the  ancient  sling  is  illustrated  by  the  coins  of  Aspendus  and 
Selga.* 

2.  A  small  disc  of  metal,  strongly  gilt  on  one  side,  on  which 
is  engraved  a  shield  bearing  Argent,  two  chevrons  gules,  a 
crescent  for  difference.  Round  the  outer  circle  was  the  owner's 
name — 

ARTHVRE  HYDE,  1580. 

This  relic  was  picked  up  by  Mr.  Arnold,  in  a  small  shop  at 
Chertsey,  the  owner  informing  him  that  it  had  been  found  in 
the  neighbourhood. 

The  following  note  on  this  subject  was  communicated  in  a 
letter  addressed  to  the  Secretary  by  A.  W.  Franks,  Esq. 
V.P.  :— 

u  I  would  venture  to  suggest,  with  respect  to  the  engraved 
disc  exhibited  by  Mr.  Arnold,  that  it  has  been  the  lid  of  a  box, 
pocket-dial,  or  watch.  The  side  with  the  armorial  bearings  has 
been  probably  within,  hence  the  good  preservation  of  the  gild- 
ing ;  the  other  side  has  been  without,  and  has  suffered  so  much 
from  wear  and  tear  that  the  gilding  has  only  remained  in  the 
sunk  lines.  The  pocket-dial  of  the  Earl  of  Essex,  described  by 
our  late  Fellow  Mr.  John  Bruce  (Archasologia,  xl.  PL  xviii.) 
and  now  in  the  British  Museum,  has  within  the  lid  the  arms  of 
the  owner.  The  same  is  the  case  with  an  oval  watch  presented 
to  the  British  Museum  by  the  late  Mr.  Slacle,  and  described  in 
the  catalogue  of  his  collection,  Appendix  No.  22. 

With  regard  to  the  arms,  they  must  be  those  of  Hyde  with  a 
crescent  for  the  difference  or  mark  of  cadency  for  a  second  son. 
The  Hydes  of  South  Denchworth  and  Kingston  Lisle,  co.  Berks, 
and  also  those  of  Pangbourne,  co.  Berks,  and  of  Romsey,  co. 
Hants,  bore  Gules,  two  chevrons  argent.  The  arms  on  the  disc 
are  represented  with  the  tinctures  reversed,  but  this  may  be  an 
error  of  the  engraver,  or  the  branch  to  which  Arthur  Hyde 

*  As  to  slings  and  sling-bullets,  see,  in  addition  to  the  passages  cited  in  the 
text,  Proc.  Soc.  Ant.  2  S.  ii.  266,  and  the  references  there  ;  and  i bid.  iv.  314, 
footnote. 


222  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

belonged  may  have  borne  the  colours  reversed,  a  not  uncommon 
difference.  It  is  moreover  to  be  remembered  that  our  -modern 
mode  of  representing  tinctures  is  said  to  have  been  invented,  or 
made  certain,  by  Silvestro  Pietrasanta,  whose  great  work, 
"Tesserae  GentilitiaB,"  is  dated  1638.  The  earlier  authors  used 
hatched  lines  merely  to  represent  a  difference  of  tincture. 

"  According  to  Burke's  Landed  Gentry,  Arthur  Hyde,  second 
son  of  William  Hyde  of  Denchworth,  settled  in  Ireland  temp. 
Elizabeth,  was  living  in  1623,  and  is  considered  the  ancestor  of 
the  Hydes  of  Castle  Hyde,  co.  Cork. 

"  In  this  individual  we  may  very  probably  recognise  the 
owner  of  the  watch  or  other  object  of  which  the  disc  formed  a 
part. 

"  There  is,  I  believe,  a  pedigree  of  Hyde  of  Kingston  Lisle 
in  Harleiaii  MS.  1535." 

J.  C.  LUCAS,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  a  British  Gold  Coin  found 
at  Warbleton,  Sussex.  The  type  corresponded  with  Nos.  9  and 
10  in  plate  E.  of  Mr.  John  Evans'  work  on  British  Coins. 

The  Rev.  J.  C.  CLUTTERBUCK  exhibited  two  objects  of  different 
periods,  from  a  spot  in  the  Thames  nearly  oppsite  the  Dorchester 
Dyke  Hills,  and  close  to  the  place  of  the  discovery  of  the  British 
Buckler,  of  which  an  account  is  given  by  Mr.  Gage  in  Archae- 
ologia,  xxvii.  298. 

1.  A  well  chipped  flint  implement  5  inches  long  by  1J  broad, 
of  which  one  end  is  pointed,  the  other  slightly  rounded. 

2.  An  iron  or  steel  dagger  about  11  inches  long,  probably  of 
of  the  fifteenth  century.     The  silver  ferrule  of  the  leather  sheath 
remained  united  by  corrosion  to  the  upper  part  of  the  blade. 

EDWARD  PEACOCK,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary  for  Lincoln- 
shire, exhibited  a  Charter  of  Regnaut  de  Giresme,  Prior  of  the 
Hospitallers  in  France,  dated  1397,  granting  certain  privileges 
to  the  tenants  of  the  Hospital  in  the  town  of  Coulours-en-Octe. 

On  this  charter  some  observations  were  made  by  C.  Knight 
Watson,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Secretary,  which,  together  with  a  tran- 
script of  the  deed,  will  be  printed  in  Archseologia,  vol.  xliv. 

Col.  A.  H.  LANE  Fox,  V.P.  exhibited  a  wooden  instrument  of 
unknown  use,  found  in  an  ancient  copper-mine  in  the  parish  of 
Skull,  near  Skibbereen,  which  is  here  figured. 

The  length  of  the  longer  leg  is  17  inches,  of  the  shorter 
13  inches.  The  diameter  at  the  small  end  1^  inch,  at  the 
large  end,  where  a  terminal  piece  is  inserted  (shown  detached 
in  the  small  figure),  2J  inches. 


Nov.  30.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  223 

This  curious  object  was  exhibited,  in  1848,  by  Dr.  Allman  to 
the  Royal  Irish  Academy.  He  notices  *  that  the  antiquity  of 
the  mine  at  the  bottom  of  which  it  was  found  may  be  judged  of 


TUBE  OF  YEW  WOOD,  FROM  SKULL. 

by  the  fact  that  some. of  the  old  rubbish  lies  near  the  mouth  of 
the  cuttings,  covered  by  two  feet  of  naturally  formed  peat. 

W.  M.  WYLIE,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary  for  Hampshire, 
exhibited  by  permission  of  Dr.  Ferdinand  Keller,  Hon.  F.S.A. 
a  Disc  of  Silver  with  repousse  equestrian  figure,  set  in  a  frame  of 
bronze,  recently  found  at  Seengen,  in  the  Aargau.  This  ex- 
hibition was  illustrated  by  a  paper,  by  Mr.  Wylie,  treating  the 
object  as  an  example  of  the  class  of  ornament  to  which  the  word 
pJtalera  applies,  and  demonstrating  the  Alamannic  origin  of  it. 
Mr.  Wylie's  communication  will  appear  in  the  Archasologia, 
vol.  xliv.  part  i. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communications. 


Thursday,  December  7th,  1871. 
AUGUSTUS  W.  FRANKS,  Esq.  V.P.  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  the  Royal   Institute  of  British  Architects  : — Sessional   Papers  1871-72. 
No.  2.     4to.     London,  1871. 

*  Proc.  Royal  Irish  Academy,  iv.  05. 


224  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

From  the  Royal  United  Service  Institution  :— Their  Journal.  Vol.  XV.  No.  65. 
8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Science  and  Art  Department,  South  Kensington :— A  First  List  of 
Buildings  in  England  having  Mural  or  other  Painted  Decorations.  Of 
dates  previous  to  the  middle  of  the  16th  century.  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Author  : — Detached  Church  Belfries,  with  special  reference  to  those 
in  the  county  of  Hereford.  By  J.  Severn  Walker.  8vo.  1871. 

From  the  Editor,  Llewellyn  Jewitt,  Esq.  F.S.A. :— The  Reliquary.  Nos.  45 
and  46.  Vol.  XII.  8vo.  London,  1871. 

An  exhibition  was  opened  of  Stone  Implements  of  the  Neo- 
lithic period,  comprising  a  numerous  and  important  series; 
contributed  with  great  liberality  by  a  number  of  Fellows  of  the 
Society,  and  other  gentlemen  interested  in  these  memorials  of 
primitive  industry. 

The  specimens  sent  for  exhibition  were  arranged  according  to 
the  countries  where  they  had  respectively  been  found. 

The  following  list  shows  pretty  nearly  the  number  of  objects 
exhibited,  with  the  names  of  the  exhibitors  and  the  number 
contributed  by  each : 

EUROPE. 

GREAT  BRITAIN  AND  NORTHERN  ISLANDS. 

No.  of  Objects 
Name  of  Exhibitor.  exhibited. 

Thomas  Ashby,  Esq.         ....  4 

Rev.  James  Beck,  Loc.  Sec.  Sussex           .  53 

J.  Brown,  Esq 12 

W.  B.  Clarke,  Esq  M.D.           ...  1 

R.  D.  Darbishire,  Esq.  F.G.S.           .         .  2 

John  Evans,  Esq.  F.R.S.  F.S.A.       .         .  60 

Robert  Fitch,  Esq.  F.S.A.         ...  6 
J.  W.  Flower,  Esq.  F.G.S.       .         .         .10 

Col.  A.  H.  Lane  Fox,  V.P.       .         .         .  (5 

Lt-Col.  G.  Grant  Francis,  F.S.A.    .         .  100* 

A.  W.  Franks,  Esq.  V.P.          ...  4 

Rev.  W.  Greenwell,  F.S.A.      .         .  23 

Llewellyn  Jewitt,  Esq.  F.S.A.            .         .  10 

E.  Lawford,  Esq.  M.D 2 

Thomas  Layton,  Esq.  F.S.A     .         .         .12 

J.  F.  Lucas,  Esq.     .....  31 

C.  Monkman,  Esq 31 

W.  H.  Penning,  Esq.       .         .  1 

W.  B.  Phillips,  Esq 6 

*  Paviland  Cave,  Gower. 


Nov.  30.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  225 

No.  of  Objects 
Name  of  Exhibitor.  exhibited. 

Rev.  W.  Sparrow  Simpson,  F.S.A.  .  .  1 
W.  J.  Bernhard  Smith,  Esq.  ...  3 
J.  Tlmrnam,  Esq.  M.D.  F.S.A.  .  21 


IRELAND. 

Rev.  J.  Beck            .  5 

Mr.  Evans        .                  ....  14 

Col.  Lane  Fox           .                                     .  22 

Rev.  W.  Green  well            ....  5 

E.  P.  Shirley,  Esq.  F.S.A.        ...  13 

Rev.  W.  S.  Simpson         ....  16 

Hodder  M.  Westropp,  Esq.        .  _2     77 
\ 

.    FRANCE. 

Mr.  Evans        .         .....  24 

Mr.  Flower  (5  from  Channel  Islands)         .  24 
Col.  Lane  Fox  (5  from  Channel  Islands)   .         7 

Sir  J.  Liibboek,  Bart.  F.R.S.  F.S.A.  _1     5G 

BELGIUM. 
Mr.  Evans        .  ....  17 

HOLLAND. 
Mr.  Franks       ....  10 

GERMANY. 

Mr.  Evans        .  ...       10 

Mr.  Franks       .  ...  6 

Col.  Lane  Fox  ...  1     -.  „ 

SWITZERLAND. 

Mr.  Flower       .....  1 

Swiss  LAKES. 

Mr.  Evans        ...  .         .       18 

Col.  Lane  Fox 

Mr.  TTostropp  .  _1     2Q 

VOL.  v.  Q 


226  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

No.  of  Objects 
Name  of  Exhibitor.  exhibited. 

DENMARK. 

Kev.  J.  Beck    .         .         .         ...  62 

Mr.  Evans    ^         .                  .         •         •  .    54 

Mr.  Flower      .....  8 

Col.  Lane  Fox.         .         .         .  .19 

Mr.  Franks      ......  6 

Sir  J.  Lubbock         .....  15 

Mr.  Bernharcl  Smith        .          .                   •  _!   165 

HUNGARY. 

Mr.  Flower      ..*...  1 

ITALY  AND  SICILY. 

Mr.  Evans        ...... 

Mr.  Franks      ...  j6       9 

GREECE. 

Mr.  Evans       ...... 

Mr.  Flower       ......         2 

Mr.  Franks       ......          1 

Sir  J.  Lubbock         ...  2 

Mr. 


SPAIN  AND  PORTUGAL. 
Rev.  W.  Greenwell  ....  3 

Total  number  of  specimens,  Europe  .  791 

ASIA. 

BORNEO. 
Col.  Lane  Fox          .....  1 

ARABIA. 
Mr.  Evans       ......  6 

INDIA. 

Col.  Lane  Fox          .....       22 

Mr.  Flower      ......         1 

Mr.  Evans        ......         2 


Nov.  30.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUAKTES.  227 

No.  of  Objects 
Name  of  Exhibitor.  exhibited. 

CHINA  (YUNNAN). 

Mr.  Evans       ......         1 

Mr.  Franks      ....  li     15 


JAPAN. 


Rev.  W.  S.  Simpson 
Col.  Lane  Fox          . 


Total  number  of  specimens,  Asia  56 

AFRICA. 

ALGERIA. 
Mr.  Flower      .....  1 

EGYPT. 

Mr.  Franks      ......         3 

F.  D.  Hartland,  Esq.  F.S.A.     .  _?   .   5 

WEST  AFRICA. 

Mr.  Evans        ......         2 

Mr.  Flower      ......         4 

Mr.  Franks      .  J     12 


SOUTH  AFRICA. 


Rev.  J.  Beck 
Mr.  Evans  . 


Total  number  of  specimens,  Africa     .  26 

AMERICA. 

NORTH  AMERICA. 

Mr.  Evans        ......         2 

Col.  Lane  Fox          .....          9 

Rev.  W.  Greenwell  ....         2 

Rev.  W.  S.  Simpson  .  44     ^ 

Q2 


228  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1871, 

No.  of  Objects 
Name  of  Exhibitor.  »     exhibited 

MEXICO. 

Mr.  Evans        .....         -  1 

Rev.  W.  S.  Simpson.         .         .         .         .  30 
Col.  Lane  Fox          .         .         .         .         .27 

Mr.  J.  Bernhard  Smith    .         .                  •  _1     59 

CENTRAL  AMERICA,  NEW  GRANADA,  VENEZUELA, 
BRITISH  GUIANA. 

Col.  Lane  Fox          .....  18 

Mr.  Franks       ......  11 

Rev.  W.  S.  Simpson         ...  1 

Mr.  Evans       .....  _?     33 

WEST  INDIA  ISLANDS. 

Mr.  Westropp   .         .         .         .         .   .     .  1 

Mr.  Flower        ......  3 

Col.  Lane  Fox           .         .         .         .         .  4 

Rev.  W.  S.  Simpson.         .         .         .         .  3 

Mr.  Bernhard  Smith  .....  2 

Mr.  Evans                   .         .         .         .         •  _§     ig 

SOUTH  AMERICA. 

Mr.  Westropp   .         .         .         .         .         .  1 

Mr.  Flower        .....         .  1 

Col.  Lane  Fox            .....  11 

Rev.  W.  S.  Simpson  .....  9 

Mr.  Bernhard  Smith  .  • 


Total  number  of  specimens,  America  188 

SOUTH  SEAS,  AUSTRALIA,  &c. 

Rev.  J.  Beck     ......  4 

Mr.  Flower  (4  from  Australia)   ...  5 

Col.  Lane  Fox  (6  from  Australia)        .         .  24 

Rev.  W.  S.  Simpson  (1  from  Australia)       .  9 

Mr.  Westropp  (I  from  Australia)        .         .  2 

Mr!  Bernhard  Smith          .         .         .         .  1 

Rev.  W.  D.  Parish  (Australia)  .         ...  1 

Mr.  Evans  (Australia)        ....  1 

Total  number  of  specimens,  South  Seas^  &c.  47 


Nov.  30.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  229 

No.  of  Objects 
Name  of  Exhibitor.  exhibited. 

NEW  ZEALAND. 

Mr.  Flower       ......         4 

Rev,  J.  Beck 1 

Rev.  W.  S.  Simpson 22 

Captain  A.  C.  Tapper,  F.S.A.     ...         3 

Col.  Lane  Fox 3     QQ 

80 

SUMMARY  OF  THE  NUMBER  OF  SPECIMENS. 

Europe         .  .         .791 

Asia     .....       56 
Africa  .....       26 
^  America        .         .         .         .188 
South  Seas,  &c.     .         .         .       80 


JOHN  EVANS,  Esq.  F.R.S.  F.S.A.  delivered  an  address,  in 
which  he  called  attention  to  the  general  classification  of  Stone 
Implements  of  the  Neolithic  period,  as  illustrated  by  the  collec- 
tion exhibited  on  this  occasion. 

It  was  announced  that  the  exhibition  of  Neolithic .  Implements 
would  remain  open  for  some  days,  including  the  next  Ordinary 
Meeting,  appointed  for  Thursday  December  14th.  That  meet- 
ing, however,  was  not  held  in  consequence  of  the  alarming  con- 
dition of  the  health  of  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales,  a  Royal 
Fellow  of  the  Society. 


Thursday,  January  llth,  1872. 
AUGUSTUS  W.  FRANKS,  Esq.  V.P.  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors: — 

From  the  Powys-Land  Club : — Collections,  Historical  and  Archaeological,  re- 
lating to  Montgomeryshire.  Vol.  IV.  iii.  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Marlborough,  through  the  Author,  M.  H.  Nev'il 
Story-Maskelyne,  Esq.  M.A.  F.Ii.S. : — The  Marlborough  Gems,  being  a 
Collection  of  Works  in  Cameo  and  Intaglio,  formed  by  George,  third  Duke 
of  Marlborough.  Printed  for  private  distribution.  4to.  London,  1870. 

From  the  Author  : — The  Chambered  Tumulus  in  Plas  Newydd  Park,  Anglesey. 
By  the  Hon.  W.  O.  Stanley,  M.P.  F.S.A.  8vo. 


230  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

From  the  Author :— The  Revenue  Resources  of  the  Mughal  Empire  in  India. 
1593-1707.  By  Edward  Thomas,  F.R.S.  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Author,  John  Gough  Nichols,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :—- 

1.  The  Biography  of   Sir  William  Harper,  Alderman  of  London.     8vo. 
London,  1870. 

2.  Bibliographical  and  Critical  Account  of  the  three  editions  of  "Watson's 
Memoirs  of  the  Ancient  Earls  of  Warren  and  Surrey.     8vo.     1871. 

3.  The  Family  of  Alye.     [From  Herald  and  Genealogist,  Vol.  VI.]     Small. 
4to. 

From  the  London  Institution : — Journal,  Nos.  8  and  9,  Vol.  I.  8vo.  London, 
1871. 

From  the  Author : — A  Memoir  of  Barbara,  Duchess  of  Cleveland..  By  G. 
Steinman  Steinman,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Printed  for  private  circulation.  8vo. 
1871. 

From  the  Editor,  Thomas  Q.  Couch,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :— The  History  of  Polperro,  a 
fishing  town  on  the  south  coast  of  Cornwall.  By  the  late  Jonathan  Couch, 
F.L.S.  8vo.  Truro  and  London,  1871. 

From  the  Royal  Society  : — 

1.  Philosophical  Transactions.     Vol.  161,  Part  1.     4to.    London,  1871. 

2.  Proceedings.    Vol.  20,  No.  130.     8vo.    London,  1871. 
From  the  Author,  Count  Gozzadini,  Hon.  F.S.A. : — 

1.  La  Necropole  de  Villanova  decouverte  et  decrite.     8vo.     Bologna,  1870. 

2.  Congres    d'Archeologie  et  d'Anthropologie   Prehistoriques,  Session  de 
Bologne.     Discours  d'Ouverture.     8vo.    Bologna,  1871. 

3.  Renseignments  sur  une  ancienne  Necropole  a  Marzabotto.   8vo.  Bologna, 

From  the  Author :— Atlas  Hydrographique  de  1511  du  Genois  Vesconte  de 
Maggiolo.  Par  M.  D'Avezac.  8vo.  Paris,  1871. 

From    the   Yorkshire    Archgeological  and    Topographical  Association :— The 

Journal.     Part  VI.  (Vol.  2).     8vo.    London,  1871. 
From  Her  Majesty's  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Home  Department  : — By  the 

Queen.     A  Proclamation  to  publish  and  declare  that  the  Parliament  be 

further  prorogued  to  Tuesday,  Feb.  6,  1872.     Given  at  Windsor,  Dec.  21, 

1871.     35th  year  of  reign.     Broadside  folio  (2  copies). 
From  the  Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Lisbon  : — 

1.  Memorias.      (Classe  de  Sciencias  Mathematicas,  Physicas  e  Naturaes.) 
Nova  Serie,  Tom.  IV.  Part  1,  2.     4to.    Lisbon,  1867-70. 

2.  Catalogo  das  Publicacoes.     8vo.     Lisbon,  1865. 

From  the  Royal  Commissioners  of  Art  and  Archeology  :— Bulletin  8™  et  9me 
Annees,  et  10">e  Annee  Nos.  1—8.  8vo.  Brussels,  1869-71. 

From  the  Author:— Monografia  ed  Iconografia  della  Terracimiteriale  o  Terra- 
mara  di  Gorzano,  ossia  Mbnumenti  di  pura  Archeologia  Per  Dott  Fran- 
cesco Coppi.  4to.  Modena,  1871. 

From  the  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society,  Manchester:  Proceedings. 
Vol.  XL  Nos.  4,  5,  and  6.  8vo.  1871-2. 


n  Aioert  way,  ^sq.  M.A.  F.S.A.: — The  Rows  Roll      4to     T^nd™    ifu* 
[Not  published  till  1859.]  °n>  L 

From  the  Editor  :— The  Athenasum.     2  vols.     4to.     London,  1871. 

From  the  Editor,  Geo.  Godwin,  Esq.  F.R.S. :— The  Builder.  Vol.  XXIX   Folio 
London,  1871. 

5.  Virtue,  Esq. :— The  Art  Journal.    Tenth  Volume 
-1—   1871. 


Jan.  11.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  231 

From  the  Editor:— Notes  and  Queries.  Vols.  VII.  and  VIII.  (Fourth  Series.) 
4to.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Society  of  Arts: — Their  Journal.     8vo.     London,  1871. 

From  the  Photographic  Society : — The  Photographic  Journal.  8vo.  London, 
1871. 

From  the  Editor:— Nature.     4to.     London,  1871. 

From  the  Author: — Donnington  Castle:  a  Royalist  Story.  In  fourteen  staves. 
With  Notes.  By  Colonel  Colomb.  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Abbe  Cochet,  Hon.  F.S.A.: — Bulletin  de  la  Commission  des  Antiquites 
de  la  Seine-Inferieure.  Tome  ler.  8vo.  Rouen,  1868. 

From  the  Editor:— The  Church  Builder.  No.  41.  January.  8vo.  London, 
1872. 

From  the  Author  : — Inventories  of  Church  Goods  and  Chantries  in  Cheshire. 
Temp.  Edw.  VI.  [From  Trans,  of  the  Hist.  Soc.  of  Lancashire  and 
Cheshire.]  By  the  Rev.  M.  E.  C.  Walcott,  B.D.  F.S.A.  8vo.  Liverpool, 
1871. 

From  the  Royal  Library,  Munich  : — Catalogus  Codicum  Manu  Scriptorum 
Bibliothecae  Regiae  Monacensis.  Tomi  III.  Pars  II.  Codices  Latinos  con- 
tinens.  8vo.  Munich,  1871. 

From  the  Camden  Society  : — Publications,  New  Series  II.  Letters  and  Papers 
of  John  Shillingford,  Mayor  of  Exeter  1447-50.  Edited  by  Stuart  A. 
Moore,  F.S.A.  4to.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Royal  Institute  of  British  Architects  : — 

1.  Sessional  Papers,  1871-72.     No.  3.     4to.     London,  1871. 

2.  General  Conference  of  Architects,  1871.    Report  of  Proceedings.    4to. 
London,  1871. 

From  the  Author  : — The  Christian  Doctrine  of  Prayer  for  the  Departed.  By 
the  Rev.  Frederick  George  Lee,  D.C.L.  F.S.A.  With  cdpious  notes  and 
appendices.  8vo.  London,  1872. 

From  the  Author  : — On  the  Early  Occupation  of  the  Cotteswold  Hills  by  Man. 
By  G.  F.  Playne.  Read  at  Williton,  October  5th,  1870.  [From  Proc.  of 
the  Cotteswold  Club.]  8vo. 

From  the  Council  of  the  Art  Union  of  London  : — Report  for  the  year  1871,  with 
List  of  Members.  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  A.  W.  Franks,  Esq.  M.A.  V.P.S.A.  :— History  and  Plans  of  British  Camps, 
Cromlechs,  Meini  Hirion,  and  Tomens,  in  the  district  of  Lleyn,  Carnarvon- 
shire, from  Biddgelert  on  the  east  to  Aberdaron  on  the  west.  By  J.  G. 
Williams,  Penllyn,  Pwllheli.  1871.  4to.  Manuscript. 

The  Neolithic  Exhibition  continued  on  view  this  evening,  and 
during  the  following  week. 

This  being  an  evening  appointed  for  the  election  of  Fellows, 
no  papers  were  read. 

The  ballot  opened  at  a  quarter  to  nine  and  ended  at  half-past 
nine,  when  the  following  candidates  were  declared  to  be  duly 
elected : — 

Edward  Shearme,  Esq. 

George  Charles  Yates,  Esq. 

Charles  Shirley  Brooks,  Esq. 

Willianj  Sedgwick  Saunders,  Esq.,  M.D. 


232  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

General  John  Meredith  Read,  Consul- General  of  the  United 

States  at  Paris. 

Kev.  William  John  Loftie,  B.A. 
Rev.  Richard  Kirwan,  M.A. 
Hugh  Owen,  Esq 

Honorary. 
Augusto  Pereira  do  Yabo  e  Aiihaya  Gallego  Soromenho. 


Thursday,  January  18th,  1871. 
Col.  AUG.  H.  LANE  FOX,  V.P.  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  T.  M'Kenny  Hughes,  Esq.  F.S.A. :— The  Village  Churches  of  Denbigh- 
shire, illustrated  by  Perspective,  Geometrical,  and  Detail  Drawings.  By 
Lloyd- Williams  and  Underwood,  Associates  K.I.B.A.  Denbigh.  Fol. 

From  Key.  M.  E.  C.  Walcott,  B.D.  F.S.A.  :— A  Companion  in  a  Tour  round 
Lymington  :  comprehending  a  brief  account  of  that  place  and  its  environs. 
By  Kichard  Warner,  Jun.  12mo.  Southampton,  1789 

From  Messrs.  Sawyer  and  Bird  : — The  Ancient  Sculptures  in  the  roof  of  Norwich 
Cathedral,  which  exhibit  the  whole  course  of  Scripture  History.  By  the 
Very  Kev.  Edward  Meyrick  Goulburn,  D.D.  Part  1.  Fol.  London,  1872. 

From  the  Numismatic  Society  :— The  Numismatic  Chronicle  and  Journal  of  the 
Numismatic  Society.  Vol.  XI.  New  Series.  No.  43.  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Eoyal  Archaeological  Institute  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  :— The 
Archasological  Journal.  No.  111.  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  Alfred  Heales,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :— 

1.  Chiddingfold  Church.     8vo.     London,  1871. 

2.  Great  Greenf  ord  Church.     [From  Transactions  of  London  and  Middlesex 
Archaeological  Society,  Vol.  IV.]     8vo. 

The  Neolithic  Exhibition,  which  had  been  on  view  during  the 
whole  of  the  previous  week,  remained  for  this  evening,  supple- 
mented by  a  Collection  of  Stone  Implements  in  use  among  the 
aborigines  §f  Queensland,  Australia,  contributed  by  C.  B.  Gri- 
maldi,  Esq.,  the  specimens  being  selected  with  the  object  of 
showing : 

1st.  That  the  chipped  and  the  ground  weapons  of  Australia 
form  two  separate  stages. 

2ndly.  The  gradual  progression  from  stone  to  metal  weapons. 

A.  W.  FRANKS,  Esq.  V.R,  delivered  an  address,  in  which  he 
reviewed  the  varieties  of  form  and  material  which  might  be 
observed  in  stone  implements  from  different  parts  of  the  world ; 
passing  in  review  the  various  countries  in  geographical  order, 


Jan.  18.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUABIES.  233 

and  referring  to  the  examples  of  each  to  be  found  in  the  series 
of  stone  implements  exhibited  on  the  present  occasion  He  then 
noticed  the  extraordinary  similarities  of  form  to  be  found  in 
specimens  from  localities  widely  apart,  which  did  not  however, 
in  his  opinion,  prove  any  close  affinity  between  the  races  by 
which  they  were  employed,  but  arose  rather  from  the  same 
necessities  having  produced  the  same  results. 

He  then  adverted  to  the  occasional  discovery  of  types  supposed 
to  be  peculiar  to  our  country  in  another  far  distant  from  it. 
Such  discoveries  he  considered  to  require  more  than  ordinary 
confirmation.,  and  should  be  viewed  with  suspicion.  After  citing 
a  number  of  instances  of  this  nature  he  attributed  their  occur- 
rence to  the  following  causes  : — 

1.  The  fraud,  carelessness,  or  ignorance  of  dealers. 

2.  The  carelessness  or  imperfect  knowledge  of  collectors. 

3.  Natural  causes,  such  as  the  removal  of  rubbish  from  the 
neighbourhood  of  houses  to  the  fields  in  the  operation  of  agricul- 
ture, and  the  still  larger  removals  caused  by  conveying  ballast 
from  one  country  to  another  by  shipping. 

He  illustrated  these  various  modes  of  error  by  examples  that 
had  come  under  his  notice,  and  directed  to  them  the  earnest 
attention  of  archaeologists,  whose  aim  should  be  the  truth  and 
that  only. 

Colonel  A.  H.  LANE  Fox,  V.P.  then  addressed  the  meeting, 
observing  that  as  they  had  already  heard,  in  the  interesting 
discourses  of  Mr.  Evans  and  Mr.  Franks,  all  that  it  was 
necessary  to  say  in  detail  about  the  neolithic  implements 
exhibited,  he  would  endeavour  to  vary  the  subject  by  offering 
a  few  general  remarks;  and,  as  this  was  an  exhibition  of 
neolithic  combined  with  savage  implements,  he  would  say  a 
few  words  upon  the  connection  which  existed  between  the  two 
classes  and  the  necessity  of  studying  the  one  in  order  to  arrive 
at  a  right  understanding  of  the  other.  He  would  observe  in  the 
first  place,  that  as  every  exhibitor  had  sent  a  selection  of  the 
most  remarkable  specimens  in  his  collection,  the  exhibition  was 
calculated  to  convey  an  exaggerated  idea  of  the  skill  and  origi- 
nality of  primeval  man,  and  was  but  ill  adapted  to  impress  the 
mind  with  the  very  slow  progress  of  continuity  by  which  even 
the  comparatively  simple  arts  of  the  stone  age  of  culture  had 
been  brought  about.  This,  he  thought,  was  a  consideration  of 
great  moment  in  the  study  of  prehistoric  archaeology,  because 
it  was  very  difficult  for  civilised  man  to  place  himself  in  the 
position  of  the  savage,  and  the  most  fallacious  arguments  are 
sometimes  based  upon  the  assumption  that  certain  things  must 
have  been  natural  and  self-evident  to  primeval  man  because 


234  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

they  appear  so  to  us.  Colonel  Lane  Fox  proceeded  to  dilate  at 
some  length  upon  this  subject,  and  to  show  that  it  required  a 
process  of  abstraction,  in  order  to  get  at  the  ideas  of  a  savage  in 
any  definite  period  of  early  culture.  He  next  proceeded  to 
examine  the  question,  how  far  existing  savages  can  be  taken  as 
the  representatives  of  primeval  man.  Referring  to  the  ethno- 
logical distribution  of  the  human  race,  as  defined  by  Professor 
Huxley  and  others,  he  showed  that  the  line  of  demarcation 
between  the  stone  and  the  metallurgic  stages  of  culture  did 
not  in  any  way  correspond  to  the  racial  boundaries,  but  that 
three  out  of  four  of  the  primeval  groups  of  mankind  are  'divided 
between  the  stone  and  metallurgic  culture.  The  real  boundary 
of  the  metallurgic  arts  was  geographical,  not  racial,  and  this 
showed  that  the  culture  of  a  people  depended  chiefly  on '  its 
geographical  position  with  regard  to  the  spread  of  the  arts  from 
certain  centres  in  which  a  combination  of  generating  elements, 
racial  character  being  no  doubt  one,  had  been  favourable  to  its 
growth.  If  this  is  true  of  the  arts  connected  with  metallurgy, 
it  may  be  equally  true  of  those  of  the  stone  age  which  preceded 
them.  Assuming  the  general  progression  of  humanity,  or  at 
least  of  human  culture  from  a  lower  to  a  higher  state,  to  be 
established,  the  question  for  sociologists  to  determine  was, 
whether  the  lower  phases  of  culture  now  found  in  the  world  are 
to  be  regarded  as  early  branches  from  the  same  stem  with  the 
higher,  or  as  independent  growths ;  and  if  the  former,  then  to 
what  extent  the  existing  foliage  of  the  branches  can  be  taken  to 
represent  the  condition  of  the  parent  stem  at  the  time  they 
branched  from  it?  In  the  consideration  of  this  subject,  the 
speaker  drew  attention  to  the  close  resemblance  between  the 
stone  implements  of  existing  savages  and  those  of  the  stone  age 
of  our  own  country;  observing  that,  whatever  the  value  we 
might  be  disposed  to  attach  to  the  tools  and  weapons  of  a  people 
as  the  representatives  of  their  moral  and  intellectual  culture, 
we  have  practically  no  alternative  but  to  accept  them  as  such, 
seeing  that  they  are  the  only  relics  of  our  first  parents  remaining 
to  us.  Thus,  the  mode  of  flaking  and  fabricating  flints  for  im- 
plements is  shown  to  have  been  identical  all  over  the  world ;  the 
arrow-heads  of  North  America  present  us  with  all  the  four  types 
that  are  common  to  this  country.  The  almond-shaped  celt  was 
of  the  same  form  everywhere.  The  flint  scrapers  of  the  Esqui- 
maux show  how  flints  of  the  form  found  in  our  own  sub- 
soils were  used  and  hafted,  and  the  mode  of  boring  holes  in 
stones  appears  to  have  been  the  same  in  our  age  of  stone  as 
amongst  existing  savages.  Turning  to  the  weapons  of  the 
Australians,  the  lowest  living  representatives  of  our  early  cul- 


Jan.  25.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  235 

ture,  we  find  internal  evidence  of  their  having  been  derived 
from  natural  forms,  thus  pointing  unmistakeably  to  the  inference 
that,  low  as  their  existing  culture  is,  it  is  the  highest  to  which 
they  have  ever  attained,  and  that  during  the  many  ages  which 
have  witnessed  the  advance  of  civilisation  in  Asia  and  Europe 
these  savages  have  remained  unchanged,  or  have  progressed 
but  slowly.  When  we  come  to  consider  the  causes  of  this  re- 
tardation in  some  regions  and  amongst  some  people,  we  are  met 
with  difficulties  arising  chiefly  from  our  inability  to  realise  the 
conditions  of  a  culture  much  lower  than  our  own.  Foremost 
amongst  these  causes  may,  however,  be  placed  (as  we  learn  from 
the  testimony  of  travellers)  the  influence  of  stupidity,  vested 
interest,  superstition,  and  greed  of  personal  power.  To  the 
presence  of  those  qualities  in  race,  combined  with  favourable 
external  conditions,  which  enable  us  to  war  against  such  influ- 
ences, we  are  indebted  for  the  advance  in  culture  to  which  we 
have  attained.  Colonel  Lane  Fox  concluded  by  offering  some 
practical  suggestions  for  the  better  studying  of  prehistoric  archae- 
ology. 

A  vote  of  special  Thanks  was  accorded  to  the  Fellows  of  the 
Society  and  other  gentlemen  who  had  contributed  to  form  the 
Neolithic  Exhibition,  and  to  John  Evans,  Esq.  F.R.S.  F.S.A. 
A.  W.  Franks,  Esq.  V.P.  and  Col.  A.  H.  Lane  Fox,  Y.P.  for 
their  addresses. 

The  very  efficient  assistance  rendered  by  Mr.  Gay,  who  under- 
took and  ably  carried  out  the  arrangement  of  the  collection,  was 
also  cordially  acknowledged. 


Thursday,  January  25th,  1872. 
EAEL  STANHOPE,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  Rev.  John  VVilson,  D.D.  F.S.A.  :--Fasti  Ecclesia3  Hibernicaj.  Illus- 
trations, Corrections,  and  Additions.  By  Henry  Cotton,  D.C.L.  Vol.  5.  8vo 
Dublin,  1860. 

From  the  London  Institution  : — Their  Journal.    No.  10.    Vol.  2.    Svo.    London 

1872. 

From  the  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society  of  Manchester : — Proceedings 
Vol.  XL  No.  7.  Svo.  Manchester,  1872. 

From  the  Royal  Institute  of  British  Architects: — Sessional  Papers,  1871-72 
No.  4.  4to.  London,  1872. 


236  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

From  the  Editor,  Rev.  A.  B.  Grimaldi  : — A  Synopsis  of  English  History  from 
the  Earliest  Times  to  the  year  1870.  By  Stacey  Grimaldi,  F.S.A.  Second 
Edition.  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Author :— Sepultures  du  Cimetiere  Merovingien  de  Liverdun  (Meurthe). 
Par  M.  Charles  Cournault.  8vo. 

From  the  Kilkenny  and  South-East  of  Ireland  Archaeological  Society.  Vol.  VI. 
New  Series.  No.  58.  8vo.  Dublin,  1871. 

The  nomination  by  the  President  of  the  following  gentlemen 
to  act  as  Auditors  of  the  Society's  accounts  was  read  : — 

Lieut.- Col.  John  Farnaby  Lennard. 
Thomas  Lewin,  Esq. 
The  Lord  Henniker. 
John  Winter  Jones,  Esq. 

Edward  Shearme,  Esq.  was  admitted  a  Fellow. 

MORRIS  CHARLES  JONES,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  a  small  Spur 
of  brass,  or  a  similar  mixed  metal,  found  recently  in  the  Great 
Van  Mine,  Montgomeryshire. 

The  arms  of  the  spur  were  short,  each  about  two  inches  long, 
and  appear  never  to  have  been  furnished  with  buckles.  A  slit 
for  a  small  rowel,  which,  however,  had  been  lost,  terminated 
the  nearly  straight  neck,  about  one  inch  long.  The  spur  pro- 
bably belonged  to  the  early  part  of  the  sixteenth  century,  while 
back  plates  for  the  leg  still  remained  in  use,  to  which  the  spur 
was  riveted.  There  are  several  examples  of  this  spur  in  the 
Meyrick  Collection  of  Armour. 

The  Venerable  Archdeacon  TROLLOPE,  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary 
for  Lincolnshire,  exhibited  a  handsome  spur  of  steel,  strongly 
plated  with  silver,  ornamented  with  chased  work  of  handsome 
renaissance  design  and  good  execution.  It  was  found  on  the 
spot  where  the  battle  of  Stoke-upon-Trent  was  fought,  but  would 
rather  appear  to  belong  to  a  later  period  than  that  action. 

W.  M.  WYLIE,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary  for  Hampshire, 
exhibited,  by  permission  of  James  Pringle,  Esq.  of  Torwoodlee, 
N.B.,  five  documents  from  the  muniment  chest  of  that  gentle- 
man, which  may  be  described  as  follows : — 

1.  Dispensation,  under  the  seal  of  John  Archbishop  of  St. 
Andrew's,  Primate  of  the  Eealm  of  Scotland  and  Legate  of  the 
Holy  Apostolic  See,  with  power  of  Legate  a  latere,  dated  at 
Edinburgh,  1556,  vii.  Id.  Maii,  in  the  fourth  year  of  Pope 
Paul  IV.,  for  the  marriage  of  Thomas  Hoppringill  and  Isabelle 


Jan.  25.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  237 

Hoppringill — the  parties  being  related  in  the  fourth  degree  of 
consanguinity.  A  fragment  only  of  the  seal  is  pendant  from  a 
silken  lace,  which  passes  through  three  holes  in  a  pointed 
oval  plate  of  tinned  iron,  furnished  with  a  rim,  of  which  part 
only  remains,  but  which,  when  entire,  served  to  protect  the  seal, 
and  possibly  was  fitted  with  a  cover. 

In  an  Italian  hand,  on  the  fold  over  the  lace,  is  the  word 
Datarim;  in  the  left  corner,  u  F.  Petrus,"  indorsed  with  a  note  of 
registration.  The  whole  character  of  the  instrument  is  in  imita- 
tion of  the  style  of  the  Roman  chancery. 

John  Crighton  was  the  last  Archbishop  of  St.  Andrew's  who 
adhered  to  the  Church  of  Rome. 

2.  Admission  of  James  Pringle,  of  Torwoodlie,  January  21, 
1691,  before  James  Maklurge,  dean  of  gild,  and  the  gild  coun- 
cell,  to  be  a  Burges  and  Gildbrother  of  the  City  of  Edinburgh, 
"  be  right  of  Issobel   Hall  his  spous,   daughter  lawfull  to  Sir 
John   Hall  of  Dunglas,   Knight  and   Barronet,   Present  Lord 
Provost  of  the  said  Citie."     He  paid   u  for  his  duetie  to  the 
Dean  of  Gild  threttie  three   shilling  four  pennies,  and  watches 
twentee  four  shilling." 

The  first  words,  and  the  name  of  the  person  admitted,  are  in 
large  Roman  letters  gilt ;  the  rest  in  a  good  bastard  Italian  hand. 

3,  4,  5.  Three  notarial  Instruments  of  Sasine  of  lands  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Berwick  and  Edinburgh,  dated  respectively 
in  1486,  1548,  and  1618. 

The  first  was  an  infeudation  by  Alexander  de  Settone  of  Tuly- 
body  of  his  son  of  the  same  name. 

The  second  recorded  the  Sasine  of  Archibald  son  and  heir  of 
Gawin  Hoppringill  deceased,  by  virtue  of  an  instrument  of 
Sasine  under  the  hand  and  seal  of  Sir  Gawin  Vallange,  chaplain 
of  the  altar  of  the  Blessed  Virgin  within  the  parish  church  of 
St.  Michael  Musselburgh,  superior  lord  of  the  fee. 

The  third  recorded  the  Sasine  of  James  son  and  heir  of 
James  Pringle  of  Fynneis  deceased,  by  virtue  of  a  precept  of 
dare  constat  under  the  hand  and  seal  of  John  Archbishop  of 
Saint  Andrew's,  the  lands  being  within  the  regality  of  St. 
Andrew's,  of  which  he  was  superior  lord. 

In  this  latter  instrument  the  surname  is  spelled  both  Hop- 
pringill and  Pringyll.  Some  speculations  as  to  the  signification 
of  the  first  syllable  of  the  name,  now  quite  disused,  will  be  found 
in  Burke's  Landed  Gentry,  article  Pringle  of  Yair. 

S.  R.  PATTISON,  Esq.,  exhibited  a  copper  or  Bronze  Vessel  of 
Roman  workmanship  similar  to  those  described  by  Edwin  Old- 
field,  Esq.  F.S.A.  in  the  Archasologia,  xli.  325,  found  in  the 


238  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

Buitron  copper  mine  near  Huelva  in  Andalusia.  The  handle  of 
this  bowl,  which  is  elegantly  fashioned,  will  be  figured  in  the 
Archseologia,  vol.  xliii. 

The  Venerable  Archdeacon  TROLLOPE,  F.S.A.,  exhibited  a 
recent  impression  from  the  brass  matrix  of  the  Seal  of  Richard 
Duke  of  Gloucester  (afterwards  King  Richard  III.)?  as  Admiral 
of  England,  in  the  counties  of  Dorset  and  Somerset.  Some 
remarks  on  this  seal  made  by  C.  S.  PERCEVAL,  Esq.  LL.D., 
Director,  will  be  printed  in  the  Archaeologia. 

The  Rev.  T.  SALWEY  exhibited  the  Matrix  of  an  Ecclesiastical 
Seal,  to  which  the  Director  drew  attention  in  the  following 
observations : — 

Mr.  Salwey  exhibits  this  evening  the  matrix  in  morse  ivory 
of  the  Seal  of  the  Peculiar  Jurisdiction  of  Leighton.  This  inter- 
esting example  of  a  rare  class  of  seals  has  been  for  many  years 
in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Salwey  and  his  family,  though  all  trace 
of  the  source  whence  it  came  to  them  has  been  lost.  It  is  to  the 
good  offices  of  Mr.  Albert  Way  that  we  are  indebted  for  this 
exhibition. 

The  matrix  is  of  the  pointed  oval  form  usual  in  ecclesiastical 
seals.  It  measures  2f  by  If  inches,  and  is  provided  at  the  back 
with  a  three-lobed  handle,  pierced  for  suspension,  of  one  piece 
with  the  seal.  The  device  is  the  usual  mediaeval  representation  of 
the  Holy  Trinity,  placed  under  a  canopy  of  Perpendicular  style. 
Beneath,  in  a  niche  with  a  head  formed  by  two  round  arches,  is 
a  small  figure,  full-faced,  in  a  standing  or  kneeling  posture,  with 
the  hands  clasped  in  prayer,  and  surrounded  by  four  full-faced 
heads  (angels  or  saints),  each  surmounted  by  a  curved  line  with 
a  dot  above  it,  which  may  perhaps  be  intended  for  a  nimbus. 

The  legend,  in  Roman  characters,  reads — 

SIGILLVM  •  OFFICII  *  PECVLIARIS  *  JVRISDICTIONIS  '  DE  '  LEIGHTON 

Ivory  is  a  material  which  does  not  lend  itself  to  much  elabor- 
ation of  detail  in  a  work  of  this  sort,  and  the  workmanship  of 
this  matrix  is  of  a  rude  and  debased  character.  The  faces  of  the 
different  figures  are  almost  grotesque  in  their  simplicity. 

Apart  from  the  legend,  the  letters  of  which  can  hardly  be 
earlier  than  the  middle  or  the  first  third  of  the  sixteenth  century, 
the  execution  of  the  seal  might  be  placed  in  or  about  the  year 
1480. 

Before  endeavouring  to  decide  the  question  of  what  particular 
ecclesiastical  court  this  seal  belonged  to,  I  propose  to  say  a  few 
words  as  to  the  nature  and  history  of  the  peculiar  jurisdictions  ; 


Jan.  25.]  SOCIETY  or  ANTIQUARIES.  239 

and  in  this  I  hope  I  may  be  pardoned,  for,  although  these  juris- 
dictions existed  up  to  the  time  of  the  passing  of  the  Act  estab- 
lishing Her  Majesty's  Court  of  Probate,  little  was  even  then 
generally  known  as  to  them,  and  in  these  days  we  live  so  fast 
that  they  have  already  almost  passed  into  the  domain  of  anti- 
quity. 

The  word  Peculiar  is  variously  used  in  ecclesiastical  law, 
but  taken  generally  it  has  much  the  same  meaning  as  franchise 
in  the  common  law,  implying  the  existence  of  local  jurisdiction 
enjoyed  by  some  person  (as  it  were  in  peculio),  more  or  less  inde- 
pendently of  the  ordinary  or  other  person  having  judicial 
authority  in  the  surrounding  district. 

Jurisdictions  peculiar  and  exempt  from  the  Diocesan  are  : — 

1.  Royal  Peculiars. — "  The  King's  Free  Chapel  is  a  royal 
peculiar  exempted  from  all  spiritual  jurisdiction,  and  referred  to 
the  immediate  government  of  the  King ;  there  are  also  some 
peculiar  ecclesiastical  jurisdictions  belonging  to  the  Kirg,  which 
formerly  appertained  to  monasteries  or  religious  houses."* 

2.  Archbishop's  Peculiars. — "  Archbishops   had  their   pecu-' 
liars,  which  are  not  only  in  the  neighbouring  diocese,  but  dis- 
persed up  and   down   in   remoter   places ;    for   it   appears   by 
Eadmerus  that  wherever  the  archbishop  had  an  estate  belonging 
to  him  he  had  sole  jurisdiction  as  ordinary."t 

3.  The  peculiars  of  certain  Deans  and  Chapters,'  as  of   St. 
Paul's,  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Salisbury,  of  the  Dean  and 
Chapter   of    Lichfield,    depending    upon    ancient   compositions 
entered  into  between  them  and  their  respective  bishops. 

4.  Certain  peculiars  belonging  originally  to  certain  monas- 
teries. 

There  are  also  peculiar  jurisdictions  not  exempt  from,  but 
subordinate  to,  the  bishop  of  the  diocese. 

Such  are  peculiars  which  belong  to  deans  and  chapters 
(other  than  the  exempt  jurisdictions  just  mentioned),  or  to  a 
prebendary,  exempted  from  the  archdeacon  only.  "  They  are 
derived  from  the  bishop,  of  ancient  composition,  and  may  be 
visited  by  the  bishop,  in  his  primary  and  triennial  visitation  ; 
in  the  meantime  the  official  of  the  dean  and  chapter,  or  the 
prebendary,  is  the  judge  ;  and  from  hence  the  appeal  lieth  to 
the  bishop  of  the  diocese. "{ 

Robert,  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  about  the  year  1160,  by  an  in- 
strument under  his  seal,  released  perpetually  all  the  prebends  in 
the  church  from  episcopal  rights  and  exactions,  willing  that  all 
the  canons  of  Lincoln  should  have  perpetual  liberty  in  their 


*  Wood's  Institute,  530.  f  Ayliffe,  Parerg.  418.  %  Wood,  530. 


240  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

prebends,  and  all  possessions  thereto  belonging.  So  that  thence- 
forward it  should  be  unlawful  for  any  archdeacon,  or  official  of 
an  archdeacon,  to  exact  anything — procurations,  visitations, 
fees,  &c. — from  the  prebends  or  churches  appertaining  to  the 
Church  of  Lincoln,  or  to  implead  any  of  their  tenants ;  but 
that  they  (1.0.  the  canons)  should  have  in  all  respects  the 
same  liberty  as  the  canons  of  Salisbury  had  in  their  own 
churches.  And  at  the  same  time  this  bishop  addressed  a  man- 
date to  each  of  .his  archdeacons,  informing  them  that  he  had 
absolved  all  the  canons  of  Lincoln  from  the  subjection  which  the 
archdeacons  theretofore  had  used  to  require  from  the  prebends 
of  the  canons,  as  well  in  respect  of  the  prebends  themselves 
(i.e.  the  manors  and  churches)  as  the  inhabitants  thereof. 

We  have  here  a  clear  account  of  the  origin  and  establishment 
of  the  peculiar  jurisdiction  of  the  prebendaries  in  the  Church  of 
Lincoln.  Similar  privileges  were  obtained  by  the  canons  of 
other  churches;  at  Salisbury,  as  we  have  just  seen,  even  earlier 
than  at  Lincoln.  Certain  of  the  prebendaries  of  Hereford, 
several  of  those  of  Lichfield,  and  all  or  most  at  York  and  Wells, 
had  peculiar  jurisdiction  within  their  respective  prebends.  In 
the  remaining  three  English  churches  of  the  old  foundation, 
namely  St.  Paul's,  Chichester,  and  Exeter,  the  prebendaries  do 
not  appear  to  have  had  such  jurisdiction. 

The  main  advantages  accruing  to  the  possessors  of  these 
peculiars  were  the  exemption  from  the  visitation  of,  and  con- 
sequent exactions  by  way  of  procurations  and  fees,  of  the  Arch- 
deacons and  their  officials ;  and  the  profits  of  testamentary  and 
sometimes  matrimonial  jurisdiction.  At  Lincoln,  for  instance, 
the  prebendaries  possessed  the  right  of  proving  wills  and  grant- 
ing administrations  of  the  goods  of  persons  dying  within  the 
jurisdiction,  concurrently  with  the  consistory  court  of  the 
bishop,  but  to  the  exclusion  of  the  courts  of  the  bishop's  com- 
missaries in  the  four  archdeaconries  and  of  the  archdeacons 
themselves.  During  the  bishop's  visitation  these  peculiar 
courts,  as  well  as  the  inferior  courts  of  the  bishop's  commis- 
saries and  of  the  archdeacons,  were  inhibited.  During  these 
seasons  the  business  was  conducted  in  the  name  of  the  chan- 
cellor of  the  diocese. 

The  rectors  and  vicars  of  several  parishes,  particularly  in 
the  diocese  of  Worcester,  had  also  peculiar  jurisdiction  similar 
to  that  exercised  by  the  prebendaries  of  whom  mention  has  been 
made,  and  doubtless  originating  also  from  episcopal  grants. 

The  judge  of  these,  as  of  other  ecclesiastical  courts,  is  almost 
always  styled  the  Official,  though  the  duties  were  sometimes 
performed  by  a  Commissary  :  instances  of  both  titles  are  found 
on  the  seals  in  the  subjoined  list. 


Jan.  25.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  241 

To  return  to  Mr.  Salwey's  seal,  that  of  the  peculiar  jurisdic- 
tion of  Leighton. 

There   were  two   prebends  of  that   name   in  the    Cathedral 
Church  of  Lincoln,  namely,  that  of  Leighton  Bozard,  Buzzard, 
or  Beaudesert,  in  the  county  of  Bedford,  and  locally  situated 
within  that  archdeaconry ;    and  that   of  Leighton   Bromswold 
(alias  Leighton   Ecclesia),   in  the  county  of  Huntingdon,  and 
locally  situated  in  that  archdeaconry.* 

The  seal  is  probably  that  of  Leighton  Buzzard,  which  was 
the  largest  and   most  important  jurisdiction.      The   collegiate 
church  there  was  dedicated  to  All  Saints,  while  that  of  Leighton 
Bromswold  was  dedicated  to  the  Blessed  Virgin,  whose  image 
we  should  expect  to  find  on  a  seal  of  that  jurisdiction. 

The  number  of  exempt  and  peculiar  jurisdictions  in  England 
was  very  large.     According   to  the   Parliamentary  Return  of 
1832  the  number  of  Courts  of  Peculiars  then  existing  was  as 
follows  : — 

Royal         ...  ....      11 

Archiepiscopal  and  Episcopal      .         .         .         .14 

Decanal,  Sub-Decanal,  &c.  ,         .         .          .44 

Prebcndal  .          .         .         .          .         .         .88 

Rectorial  and  Vicarial         .         .         .         .         .63 

Other  Peculiars  .         .          .          .          .         .17 

Lords  of  Manors  (mostly  courts  belonging  origin- 
ally to  Monasteries  dissolved  having  exempt 
jurisdiction)  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  48 

Testamentary  jurisdiction  survived  theoretically  in  all  or 
nearly  all  of  these  courts,  up  to  the  year  1857,  when  the  Act  of 
Parliament  was  passed  which  constituted  Her  Majesty's  Court  of 
Probate.  The  matrimonial  jurisdiction,  where  it  existed,  had 
been  seriously  affected,  and  even  abolished  in  some  cases  by  the 
operation  of  statute  law.  Practically  the  proving  of  wills,  in 
the  smaller  courts,  had  in  a  very  large  number  of  cases  fallen 
into  desuetude  for  a  length  of  time  before  the  passing  of  the 
Probate  Act. 

Considering  that  each  of  these  numerous  courts  must  have 
had  a  seal  for  the  transaction  of  business,  it  is,  at  first  sight, 
surprising  that  so  few  examples,  either  of  matrices  or  of  impres- 
sions to  documents,  should  have  been  noticed  by  sigillographers  ; 
and,  again,  it  is  somewhat  remarkable  that  of  those  which  have 
been  noticed  the  majority  are  of  very  recent  date,  relatively  to 
the  antiquity  of  the  courts  to  which  they  belong.  One  of  the 
oldest  in  the  list  subjoined  is  a  late  fourteenth-century  seal  of 
the  jurisdiction  of  Little  Malvern. 

*  Until  recently  both  archdeaconries,  Bedford  and  Huntingdon,  belonged  to 
the  diocese  of  Lincoln. 

VOL.  V.  H 


242  PKOCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

The  matrices  of  many  of  these  seals  are  probably  still  to  be 
found  in  the  custody  of  the  late  registrars  of  the  respective 
courts.  They  are  now  for  the  most  part  useless,  as  the  shadow 
of  jurisdiction  which  may  still  remain  annexed  to  any  peculiar 
untouched  by  modern  legislation  can  seldom  require  the  use  of 
a  seal.*  There  is,  therefore,  much  likelihood  that  in  the  course 
of  the  next  few  years  all  that  remain  will  be  thrown  away  as  old 
metal.  In  the  meantime  it  would  be  very  desirable,  if  the 
matrices  cannot  be  obtained  for  the  national  collection,  that  im- 
pressions, at  all  events,  should  be  secured.  Some  of  these  seals 
may  possess  special  features  of  artistic  or  historical  interest.  As 
memorials  of  a  bye-gone  state  of  society  all  would  be  worth 
preserving. 

As  to  original  impressions,  their  rarity  will  be  partly  accounted 
for  when  we  recollect  that  they  can  only  occur  on  instruments 
of  a  personal  and  transient  interest  (namely,  wills  of  personalty, 
sentences  and  dispensations  in  causes  ecclesiastical),  not  con- 
nected with  the  land,  and  consequently  not  worth  preserving 
as  title  deeds.  Wills  of  land,  I  need  hardly  say,  were  unknown 
to  the  general  common  law  before  the  Statute  of  Wills  in 
Henry  YIII's.  time.  Where  such  a  will  could  be  made,  it  was 
almost  always  under  a  local  custom  of  a  city  or  borough,  and  to 
have  effect  was  enrolled  not  in  the  spiritual,  but  in  the  temporal 
court — as,  for  instance,  in  London,  in  the  Hustings  Court. 

It  must  also  be  borne  in  mind  that  so  far  as  regards  the  pre- 
bendal  and  other  small  peculiars,  the  jurisdiction  was  in  each  case 
confined  to  one  or  two  parishes,  and  that  the  number  of  instru- 
ments passing  under  any  one  seal  must  always  have  been  pro- 
portionately small. 

The  following  brief  list  comprises  all  the  examples  at  present 
known  to  me  of  seals  of  peculiars.  If  leisure  permitted,  it 
might  no  doubt  be  increased  to  some  extent  from  published 
sources.  Such  as  it  is,  it  may  at  least  serve  to  awaken  curi- 
osity on  the  subject,  and  may  induce  others  to  assist  in  making 
it  more  perfect. 

Many  of  these  descriptions  are  from  impressions  which  have 
been  most  kindly  submitted  to  me  by  James  Kendrick,  Esq.  M,D. 
of  Warrington,  whose  collection  includes  the  majority  of  the  whole 
number  of  seals  in  the  list. 

KOYAL. 

1.  The  Commissary  of  the  exempt  jurisdiction  ef  the  Royal 
Hospital  of  St.  Katherme,  by  the  Tower  of  London.  Subject : 

*  I  am  told  that  marriage  licences  still  issue  under  the  seal  of  the  Peculiar  of 
Great  Canford.  This  is  probably  one  of  a  very  few  similar  cases. 


Jan.  25.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  243 

St.  Catherine.     No  legend.     Figured  by  Ducarel  and  Nichols, 
in  their  Histories  of  the  Hospital. 

2.  Same  Court.     Seal  temp.  Ed.  VI.  "  Regiae  Majestatis  ad 
causas  Ecclesiasticas."     Royal  arms.     See  Archseologia,  xxxiv. 
438;  Proc.  Soc.  Ant.  Loud.  ii.  113.     Matrix  extant. 

3.  Peculiar  and  exempt  jurisdiction  of  Penkridge,  co.  Stafford. 
Formerly  a  Collegiate  Church  and  Royal  Free  Chapel.     Seal 
of  Daniel  Piper,  A.M.  official  and  commissary.     Subject :  Dove 
with  olive  branch.     Seventeenth  century 

4.  Peculiar  and  exempt  jurisdiction  of  the  King's  Free  Chapel 
of  St.  Mary  in  Shrewsbury.     The  church,  formerly  collegiate, 
forms  part  of  the  endowment  of  Shrewsbury  School.    Two  seals  : 
a.  Church  with  tall  spire.     S.  OFFICIAL  .  PECUL  .  ET  .  EXEMPT  . 
JURISD  .  LIB  .  CAPELL  .  REG  .  B.    MARIE  .  SALOP.     Eighteenth 
century,     b.  A  still  later  seal  in  imitation  of  old  work,  B.  V.  M. 
seated.     Legend,  as  the  last,  but  letter  V  after  MARIE. 

5.  Great  Canfbrd  and  Poole,  Dorset.     This  appears  to  have 
been  an  exempt  jurisdiction  belonging  to  Bradenstoke  Priory. 
Having  come  into  the  hands  of  the  Crown,  it  has  been  called 
Royal.     Dr.  Kendrick  has  an  impression  of  a  seventeenth  ceil-, 
tury  seal,   not  unlike  that  of  Exeter  Dean  and  Chapter  (see 
below),    said  to  belong  to  this  Court.     Subject:  a  rude  ogee- 
arched  portal  with  two  doors.     A  shield  below,  which  is  blank, 
as  is  also  the  legend-space. 

6.  Wimborne  Minster.    Formerly  a  Royal  Free.  Chapel,  made 
exempt  by  Letters  Patent  11  Edward  II.     The  shadow  of  a  col- 
legiate church  with  three  vicars,  of  whom  one  was  the  Official, 
remains,  or  did  so  till  lately.     Dr.  Kendrick  has  a  poor  impres- 
sion of  an  oval  seal  with  a  figure  in  long  drapery.     Legend : 
SlGILLUM  D'NI.  OFFICIALIS.  DE  WlMBORNE  MlNSTER  1685. 

ARCHIEPISCOPAL  . 

7.  The  Official  of  the  Dean  of  the  Arches,  fifteenth  century. 
B.  Y.  M.  under  a  canopy,  and  a  kneeling  figure.  Matrix  extant. 
Proc.  Soc.  Ant.  Lond.  iv.  273. 

8.  Court  of  Abp.  of  Canterbury  for  Deaneries  of  Pagham  and 
Tarring,  at  Chi  Chester.  A  fifteenth-century  seal  of  a  suffragan  (?) 
bishop  (See  uncertain)  was  used  in   1853  for  this   Court.     See 
Chichester  Catalogue  Arch.  Instit.  p.  107.     Brass  matrix  with 
the  chapter  clerk. 

9.  Francis  Ringstede,  L.L.  Bacc.  Commissary  of  the  Peculiar 
Jurisdictions  of  Canterbury,  in  the  county  of  Sussex  (i.e.  of  the 
Deaneries  of  South  Mailing,  Pagham,  and  Tarring).    A  curious 
seal,  date  about  1610.     An  angel  of  justice  with  RVAT  CCELVM — 
FIAT    IVSTITIA   on  two  labels,   above  and  below.      Impression 
exhibited  by  Mr.  W.  Figg,  F.S.A.  at  the  Archaeological  Institute 

R  2 


244  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

Congress  at  Chichester,  1853,  described  in  the  Catalogue  of  the 
temporary  Museum  formed  there,  as  the  Official  Seat  of  the 
Peculiar  of  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  at  Lewes. 

10.  Dean  of  Deanery  of  Booking.     A  shield  bearing  a  cross 
between  four  dolphins  embowed.     SIGILLVM  DECANI  DECANATVS 
DE  BOOKING  IN  COM.  ESSEX.     1596. 

11.  Charles  Trumbull,  LL.D.  "Dean  or  Commissary  of ' the 
Deanery  of  Booking, "  &c.     Personage  seated  on  a  chair,  helow 
which  coat  of  arms  bearing  a  chevron.     Undecipherable  legend ; 
wafer  impression  to  a  probate  dated  1683.     Add.  Ch.  10,  574. 

12.  Saltwood,  by  Hythe  in  Kent,  formerly  an  Archiepiscopal 
Manor.     Peculiar  said  in  Lewis'  Topographical  Dictionary  to 
belong  to  the  archbishop  ;  not  returned  in  1828.     Possibly  the 
peculiar  is  rectorial.     A  ship,  one-masted,  with  furled  sail,  on 
waves  of  the  sea,  wherein  swim  two  fishes.    +  S.  IURDICCIONIS  : 
ECCL'IE  D'  SALTWODE.  Fourteenth  century  matrix  penes  Mr.  Rolfe 
of  Sandwich. 

13.  Wingham,  in  Kent,  between  Canterbury  and  Sandwich, 
is  also  stated  to  have  been  an  archiepiscopa]  peculiar.     Though 
-no  distinct  court  appears  to  have  survived  here,  there  is  in  the 
British  Museum  a  seal  (described  Proc.   Soc.  Ant.  Lond.  2  S. 
iii.    74,)    of  the  pointed   oval  form ;    subject,   B.  Y.  M.    with 
kneeling  ecclesiastic:  Legend  s.  OFFICIALITATIS  DE  WENGHAM. 
The  church  here  was  formerly  collegiate. 

DECANAL  AND  CAPITULAR. 

Exeter. 

14.  Consistory  Court  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter  over  thirty 
peculiars'. 

A  figure  of  Justice  under  a  rude  three-foiled  arch,  supported 
by  circular  masoned  pillars ;  beneath,  a  buck's  head  caboshed 
between  two  flowers  slipped.  THE  SEAL  OF  THE  JURISDICTION 
OF  THE  DEAN  AND  CHAPTER  OF  EXETER.  Seventeenth  century. 

Lincoln. 

15.  Dean  and  Chapter.     Seal  for  Oxfordshire  and  Bucks. — 
They  had  several  peculiars  in  these  two  counties.     The  return 
of  1828  gives  a  separate    court  for  each.     There  would   seem 
to  have  been  one  seal  for  all  towards  the  end  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  to  which  date  probably  belongs  a  seal  bearing  a  figure 
with  cross  in  hand  and  long  robes,  passant. 

The  Legend  -f  SIG  :  OFFIC  .  DECA  .  ET  .  CAP  .  LING  .  PRO  .  PEC  . 
IVR  .  IN  .  COM  :  ox  :  ET  :  BVC. 


Jan.  25.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  245 

Norwich. 

16.  Peculiar    Court   of    the    Dean    and    Chapter.     Seal   for 
Plumstead    Magna,   one    of  fifteen  parishes   within  the  juris- 
diction.    Oval-pointed  seal,   2   inches  long.      Subject,  under  a 
canopy  a  bishop  in  pontificals,  in  benediction  ;  beneath,  a  shield 
bearing  a  cross  between  two  others  patee  in  chief  [and  as  many 
flowers  in  base  ?]     Legend  : 

Stgtllu  (?)  ofuctalitaf  :  peculiar :  turtetoict :  to :  plugteto* 

A  fifteenth-century  seal,  consequently  belonging  to  the  Prior 
and  Convent,  rather  than  to  the  Dean  and  Chapter. 

Salisbury. 

17.  Peculiar    Court   of  the   Dean.      Seal   of  the    officially. 
B.V.M.  angels  around,  shield  below.     On  the  only  impression  I 
have  seen  the  arms  on  the  shield  are  not  clear.     Legend  in  cor- 
rupt Gothic; 

SIGILLVM:  OFFICIALITATISH-  IVBISDICCIONIS  -f  DECON^ATVS  -f  SARVM. 

18.  Deanery   of  Sunning,   one    of  the  dean's  peculiars.     A 
seal  "  Regise  Majestatis,  &c."      Temp.  Edw.  VI.     Matrix  penes 
Soc.  Antiq.  Lond.     See  Archgeologia,  iii,  414. 

PREBEND  AL. 
LicTifield. 

19.  Prees,  or   Pipe  Minor.     Oval  seal,  dated  1633.     Large 
open  book  held  by  a  hand  issuing  from  clouds  in  chief,  among 
which  is  a  cherub's  head.     Figured,  sed  ubi  qucere  ? 

20.  Sawley.      Seal  "  Regise   Majestatis,"   &c.   temp.  Edward 
VI.     Legend,  probably  blundered,  reads — PRO  :  BENDARII    DE 
SALLE.     Matrix  extant.    At  the  Gloucester  meeting  of  the  Arch. 
Inst.  1860,  it  was  exhibited  by  Rev.   S.  Lysons  as   the  seal  of 
Saul,  a  perpetual  curacy  near  Gloucester,  once  belonging  to  the 
abbey  there.^    A  note  on  an  old  impression  at  Somerset  House 
says  that  the  seal  was  in  the  custody  of  the  deputy  registrar  at 
Gloucester.     However,  there  never  was  a  prebendary  of  Saul, 
while  Sawley  is  a  prebend  in  the  church  of  Lichfield  which  had 
peculiar  jurisdiction.     How  the  matrix  travelled  to  Gloucester 
I  cannot  tell,  but  of  its  attribution  there  can  be  little  doubt. 

Lincoln. 

21.  Biggleswade,  c.  1620,     Ivory  matrix  lately  belonging  to 
Mr.  Bateman    of  Youlgrave.      Pelican  in  her   piety.       On    a 
scroll,  Sic  CHRISTUS   [suos?]  + SIGILLVM.  CHR'OFERI  .  SVTTON  . 
PREBENDARII  .  DE  .  BiCKLESWADE.     Christopher  Sutton  was  col- 
lated in  1618.     Journ.  Arch.  Assoc.  17,  pi.  8,  fig.  4,  p.  75. 


246  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

22.  Dunham  alias  Dunholme.     Rude  representation  of  a  per- 
sonage  in   a  high-backed  chair.     SIGILL  :  PREB  :  PREB  :  DE 
DUNHAM.     Impression  of  ivory  or  bone  matrix  in  library  St. 
John's  Coll.  Camb.     Archaeological  Journal,  x.  263. 

23.  Leighton  (Buzzard  ?).     Morse  ivory  matrix  penes  Rev. 
T.  Salwey,  described  above. 

24.  Leicester.      St.    Margaret,  eighteenth  century.       Shield 
with  arms  of  See  of  Lincoln,  impaling,  Gules,  a  chevron  arg. 
between   three   crescents  erm.  (Gosling.)      SIGILL    PREBEND. 
S.  MARGARETS  LEICESTR.      Nichols's  Leicestersh.  vol.  i..pt.  2, 
p.  624,  and  pi.  xli.     John  Gostling  was  collated  to  this  prebend 
in  1689. 

25.  Long  Stowe.     A  seal  of  the  fraternity  of  Saint  Lazarus -of 
Jerusalem,  described  Proc.  Soc.  Ant.  Lond.  iv.  273,  was  used 
up  to  1837  as  the  official  seal  of  this  peculiar. 

Salisbury. 

26.  Calne.     Small  lozenge-shaped  seal,  late  sixteenth  or  early 
seventeenth  century.     A  full-length  figure,  bearded,  in  a  long 
gown,   the   hands    joined  in  prayer.      SIGILLVM    .  OFFici\_alis~] 

PECVLIARIS    .    IVRISDICTIONIS    .   DE    .    CALNE. 

York. 

27.  Masham.     Silver   matrix,    apparently   of  late  sixteenth- 
century  work,   very   poor.     A  bearded  kneeling  figure,  with  a 
chalice.     Proc.  Soc.  Ant.  Lond.  2  S.  iv.  270. 

RECTORIAL. 

Norwich. 

28.  Great  Cressingham.     A  sword  erect,  the  pomel  divides 
the  date  MCC  |  xcvu.     Beneath,  the  words  GLADIUM  SPIRITUS. 
The  origin  of  this  peculiar  is  clear  enough  from  Blomefield. 
The  prior  and  convent  had  spiritual  jurisdiction  exempt  from 
the  bishop  in  all  their  manors  and  churches,  of  which  Great 
Cressingham  was  one.     Instead  of  ordaining  a  vicarage,  they 
left  the  rector  in  possession,  and  took  from   him   an   annual 
pension  of  four  marks,  and  for  two  shillings  a  year  more  ceded 
the  peculiar  jurisdiction  to  him. 

Rochester. 

29.  ClifFe.     Hand  grasping  staff.      £.  <SHfictaltt[a]tf    tUtt'0- 
fctCttontg  [de?]  .  .  Cltffe,     Figured  in  Rawlinson's  Topographer, 
93,  94,  where  the  doubtful  words  are  thus  supplied,  lit.  patOCf)* 
tf£,   a   reading   scarcely  warranted   by  the   only  impression    I 
have   seen.      A   poor   fifteenth-century   seal.      Matrix   in   the 
Bodleian.     Impression  penes  Soc.  Antiq. 


Jan.  25.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  247 

Worcester. 

30.  Alveclmrch.      Perspective  representation  of  a    church ; 
beneath  two  shields.     1.  Worcester  see,  impaling  Arg.,  a  bend 
sa.  ensigned  with  a  mitre,  for  Bishop  Hough.     2.  Arg.  a  chevron 
between    three   escallops    sable.     Crest :    a  blackamoor's  head. 
Littleton.     Legend,  THE  SEAL  OF  THE  PECULIAR  IURISDICTION  OF 
ALVECHURCH,  1742. 

31.  Hampton  Lucy.     Perspective  view  of  a  church.    Legend 
SIG.  COM'RII  SIVE  OFFI'LIS  PECUL  :  IVRIS'NIS  DE  HAMPTON  EP'I 
IN  DIOC  :  UIGORN.     Eighteenth  century. 

32.  Hanbury.    B. V. M.  and  child   on   high-backed   throne; 
beneath,  a  shield  bearing  a  fess  between  six  martlets.     Legend 
SIGILLV'  :  PECULIARIS  :  IVRISDICT1ONIS  :  ECCL'IE  :  DE  :  HANBERI. 
Perhaps  a  sixteenth-century  copy  of  thirteenth-century  work. 

33.  Hartlebury.     Oval,    late    fifteenth-century.      St.   James. 

SlGILLU'  :  PECULIARIS  I  IURISDICCOIS  :  DE    HERTILBURY.        Nash, 

Wore.  i.  575,  fig. 

34.  Hartlebury.    Another  seal.    A  church.    Legend  nearly  as 
33,  but  the  word  ECCLESIASTICS  after  IVRIS'NIS. 

35.  Ripple.     Square-capped  figure  in  profile,  clad  in  a  gown. 
Legend  -i  SIGILLV'  •  IVRISDI'TIONIS  •  RECTORIS  •  DE  RIPVL.  Seven- 
teenth century. 

36.  Stratford-oii-Avon.  Seal  "Regioo  Majestatis,"  temp.  Edw. 
VI.     Archasologia,  xxxiv.  438.     Matrix  extant. 

37.  Stratford.     Another  seal.     Hideous  conventional  repre- 
sentation of  a  church.     Legend,  in  two  concentric  rings,   SEAL 
OF  THE  REVD.  JAS.  DAVENPORT  ORDINARY  JUDGE  OF  ECCLE- 
SIASTICAL PECULIAR  JURISDIC'N  OF  STRATFORD  UPON  AVON.     A 
Dr.  Davenport  was  rector  in  1830. 

38.  Tredington.      Under  a  canopy  of  Perpendicular  work, 
St.  Peter  seated ;  tiara  on  his  head,  and  double  or  patriarchal 
cross  staff.     Legend  : 

•StjjtUu' :  often  :  fcecanat' :  to  tretotngton. 

Fifteenth  century.  A  cast  is  in  the  Prattinton  collection  at 
Somerset  House.  The  ancient  parish  was  of  great  extent  and 
belonged  to  the  church  of  Worcester  and  formed  a  detached  part 
of  the  hundred  of  OswaldslowT.  There  were  several  chapelries 
dependent  on  the  mother  church,  and  the  benefice  appears  at  one 
time  to  have  been  termed  a  deanery,  but  it  does  not  give  its 
name  to  the  present  rural  deanery.  In  the  last  century  the 
living  was  divided,  by  a  private  Act  of  Parliament,  into  three 
rectories,  Tredington  having  two  rectors  styled  Senior  and 
Junior  Portionists.  The  peculiar  jurisdiction  is  recited  in  the 
Act  (of  which  there  is  a  printed  copy,  without  date,  in  the 


248  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [~1872? 

Prattinton  collection,)  to  have  been  exercised  from  time  imme- 
morial by  the  rector,  and  it  is  reserved  to  the  Senior  Portionist. 
In  1830  the  rector  bearing  this  title  was  Official  of  this  peculiar 
according  to  the  Parliamentary  return. 

These  were  all  manors  belonging,  with  the  advowsons,  to  the 
bishops  of  Worcester. 

Winchester. 

39.  Overtoil.     Sinecure  rectory.     Three  spires,  suggesting  a 
corrupted  version  of  an  early  seal  representing  a  church.   Legend, 
SlGILL  .  PECUL  .  IVBISDIC  .  1640  . 1)E  OVERTON  .  IN  .  COM  SVTH. 

MANORIAL  AND  OTHER  PECULIARS. 

40.  Castle  Rising,  co.  Norfolk.    A  rude  figure  of  Justice,  with 
sword  and  scales,  beneath  on  a  sort  of  plinth  SWM  CVTQVE. 
Below  this  a  shield   bearing  a  chevron  between  three  talbots 
passant.     No  legend.     The  rector  was  the  Official,  but  according 
to  Blomefield  he  would  appear  to  derive  his  jurisdiction  from 
the  lord  of  the  town,  and  not  from  any  monastic  exemption. 

41.  Corfe  Castle,  dioc.  Bristol  (now   Sarum).     Officially  of 
Peculiar,  1668.     A  curious  seal,  bearing  a  skeleton  with  hour- 
glass and  dart.     Figured  Journ.  Arch.  Assoc.  vol.  17,  pi.   8, 
fig.   3.      The  advowson  of  the  rectory  of  Corfe   belonged   to 
Shaftesbury  Abbey. 

42.  Rothley  Manor  and  Soke,  co.   Leicester,  dioc.   Lincoln. 
A  seventeenth-century  seal  with  arms  of  Babington  and  legend, 

SlGIL  :  CONSERV  :  SPIRITUAL  :  ECCLE  :  IURISDIC  :  DE  :  ROTHELEY, 

COM  :  LEIC.  is  engraved  in  Nichols's  Leicestershire,  iii.  955, 
pi.  cxxx.  Rothley  belonged  to  the  Templars,  and  passed  to  the 
Hospitallers. 

43.  Exempt  jurisdiction  formerly  of  Battle  Abbey,  co.  Sussex, 
called  the   Deanery  of  Battle.     A  tonsured   head   in   profile : 
above  is  an  object  which  may  be  described  as  a  label  of  two 
points. 

44.  Bibury,  dioc.  Gloucester,  formerly  of  Abbat  and  .Convent 
of  Oseney.      Scrolled   shield  bearing  a  bend  vary.      Legend, 
SIGILL  .  PECYL  .  IVRISDC'ON  DE  BiBVRY  IN  COM  :  GLOUC.     Seven- 
teenth century? 

45.  Burton-on-Trent,  dioc.  Lichfield,  formerly  of  the  mitred 
abbey  there.    Modern  seal.    Abbat  mitred,  but  in  a  gown  instead 
of  eucharistic  vestments.   Legend,  SIGILLV.  OFFICIALITAT  BVRTON. 

46.  South   Cave,  dioc.    York.     Formerly   belonging   to   the 
church  of  York,  now  in  lay  hands.     Large  shield,  quarterly. 
1  and  4,  a  bear  sejant,  Barnard ;  2  and  3,  Barry,  a  saltire  sur- 
mounted of  another.     Crest,    a  demi-bear,  muzzled.     Legend, 


Jan.  25.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  249 

THE  SEAL  OF  THE  LORD  OWNER  AND  PROPRlETAR[y]  OF  THE 
PECULIAR  JURISDICTION  OF  SOUTH  CAVE. 

47.  Dale  Abbey,  dioc.  Lichf.  (dissolved  Monastery).     A  cross 
incline,    outlined   merely.      Legend,    DALE   ABBEY   PECULIAR. 
Eighteenth  century. 

48.  The  matrix  of  copper  or  a  red  mixed  metal,  of  a  seal  of 
an  awkward  oval  form,  nearly  3  inches  long,  by  about  2  inches 
broad,  with  the  device  of  a  pelican  in  her  piety,  accompanied  by 
the  words  EN  SANGVIN'  EN  sic  PULLOS  ALE,  and  the  initials  T  M,  is 
preserved  at  Sion  House,  in  the  muniment  chamber  of  the  Duke 
of  Northumberland.     I   am   indebted   to  Mr.   A.   Way  for  an 
impression.     The  legend  in  three  distinct  lines,  one  within  the 
other,  is  as  follows: (-  SIGILLVM  •  JOHANNIS  •  PEILINGE  •  OFFI- 

CIAL1S  *  DOI  •  EDWARDI  '  SEIMER  '  COMITIS  '  HERTFORD!^  *  IN  • 
PECVLIARIBV  *  SVIS  *  XX*  '  IVRISDICTIONIBVS  .  DE  *  BED  WINE  ' 
MAG  '  COLLINGBORNE  *  DVC  '  ET  '  TRVBRIDGE. 

Bedwine  ]\lagna  (and  Parva,  a  chapelry  thereof )  formed  a 
prebend  in  the  church  of  Salisbury,  which,  in  Henry  VIII. 's 
time,  was  suppressed,  and  the  estates  given  to  Edward  Seymour 
Earl  of  Hertford,  afterwards  Lord  Protector.  The  jurisdiction 
is  said  to  have  extended  to  the  parish  of  Collingbourne  Ducis, 
parcel  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster,  also  the  subject  of  a  grant  to 
the  Protector.  On  the  attainder  in  1552  these  estates  were 
forfeited,  but  regranted  by  Queen  Elizabeth  to '  the  second 
Edward  Seymour,  eldest  son  of  the  Protector  by  his  second 
wife,  which  Edward  was,  by  a  fresh  creation  in  1559,  restored 
to  the  dignity  of  Earl  of  Hertford. 

Trowbridge  was  also  the  subject  of  a  grant  to  the  Protector. 
1  am  unable  at  present  to  trace  its  ecclesiastical  history.  It  had, 
however,  a  peculiar  jurisdiction,  ,but  belonging  to  the  Bishop  of 
Salisbury. 

Up  to  1847,  when  all  peculiar  jurisdiction  was  abolished  in 
the  diocese  of  Salisbury,  the  Marquis  of  Aylesbury,  the  successor 
of  the  Seymours,  exercised,  through  his  official,  the  jurisdiction 
which  had  belonged  to  the  Prebendary  of  Bedwyn  Magna,f  and 
in  the  often-quoted  Parliamentary  Returns,  his  court  is  styled 
the  Court  of  the  Lord  Warden  of  Savernake  Forest. 

It  is  uncertain  whether  this  seal  belonged  to  the  official  of 
the  Protector,  and  was  made  before  his  promotion  to  the  Duke- 
dom of  Somerset  in  1547,  or  whether,  as  seems  more  likely,  it 
dates  from  the  days  of  the  second  Earl  of  Hertford,  1559-1621. 
In  1591,  one  Pellinge  was  instituted  to  the  living  of  Trowbridge 
on  the  presentation  of  the  second  Earl,  and  he  is  probably  the 
same  person  who  graduated  at  Oxford,  B.A.  1583,  B.D.  1597, 
and  whose  name  appears  on  the  seal  as  the  Official  of  the 

*  Two  letters  seem  to  have  been  cancelled  here. 
f  See  Wilts  Areh.  Ma«r.  vi.  267. 


250  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

Peculiar.  The  Wiltshire  estates,  which  had  descended  to  William 
the  third  Duke,  passed  on  his  death  in  1671  to  his  sister 'and  heir 
general  the  Countess  of  Aylesbury,  ancestress  to  the  present 
owners  of  Savernake,  and  it  is  singular  that  the  matrix  in  question 
should  not  have  accompanied  the  title  deeds  of  that  property.  It 
was  found,  I  understand,  some  years  back  at  Northumberland 
House. 

This  seal  would   perhaps  more  properly  be   classed    among 
those  of  prebendal  peculiars. 

49.  Evington,  dioc.  Lincoln.     Exempt  jurisdiction,  formerly 
of  Abb.  and  Conv.  of  Leicester.     Seal  bearing  arms  of  Caven- 
dish.     SIG.  .  DN^E.  .  RHOD^E  .  CAVENDISH  .  PRO  .  PECUL  .  DE  . 
EVINGTON.     She  was  widow  of  Lord  Henry  Cavendish,"  1700- 
1730.     Nichols's  Leicestersh.  vol.  ii.  pt.  2,  559. 

50.  Little  Malvern,  dioc.  Worcester  (dissolved  Priory).     The 
peculiar  jurisdiction  probably  ceased  on  the  dissolution.     Not 
returned  in  1828.      Good   fourteenth-century  seal.      St.    Giles 
under  a  canopy.     SIGILLUM  JURISDICTIONS  PARVE  MALVERNIE. 
Impression  in  Prattinton  coll.  Soc.  Antiq.  Lond. 

51.  Fountains   Abbey,   dioc.   York   (now    Ripon).     A  small 
circular  seal  with  B.V.M.     Legend,  CVRIA  B.  MARI^  DE  FON- 
TIBVS.     The  lettering  very  late  in  character.     Figured  in  Visi- 
tor's Guide  to  Harrogate.    Quaere,  if  this  be  a  seal  of  a  peculiar  ? 

52.  Sturminster  Marshall,  co    Dorset.     Peculiar  (exempt?) 
jurisdiction,  formerly  of  the  Alien  Priory  of  Pont  Audemar. 
A  square-capped  and  gowned  figure  seated  in   a   chair,    and 
holding  out  a  book  in  left  hand.     SIGILL.  PECULIVR  (sic)  DE 
STURMINSTER  MARSHALL,  &c.  1688. 

53.  Witham    Friary,    dioc.    Wells.      Peculiar    and    exempt 
jurisdiction.     Formerly  a  Carthusian  House.     The  seal  of  the 
Court  bears  Mr.  Beckford's  arms,  with  the  motto  u  Renascentur 
quse  cecidere."      See  Parliamentary   Return   1829,  of  Courts 
empowered  to  grant  Probates  of  Wills. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communications. 


Thursday,  February  1st,  1872. 
EARL  STANHOPE,  President,  in   the   Chair.  , 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  the  Royal  University  of  Norway  : — 

1.  Foreningen  til  Norske  Fortidsmindesmerkers  Bayaring.     Aarsberetning 
for  1869.     8vo.     Christiania,  1870. 

2.  Almindelig  Norsk  Huus-Kalender  med  Primstav  og  Merkedage.     12mo 
Christinia,  1859. 


Feb.  1.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  251 

From  the  Author,  C.  A.  Holmboe  : — 

1.  Ibn-Fozlan,  om  nordiske  Begravelsesskikke,  fra  det  Arabiske  oversat. 
8vo.     1869. 

2.  Om  Naever  i  nordiske  Gravhoie.     8vo.     1869. 

3.  Et  Guldbracteat-Prrcg,  som  ofte  forekommer.     8vo.     1869. 

4.  Norske  Vacgtlodder  fra  fjortende  Aarhundrede.     8vo.     1869. 

5.  Det  chinesiske  Skakspil.     8vo.     1870. 

6.  En   buddhistisk  Legende,  benytted  i  et  christeligt   Opbyggelsesskrift. 
8vo.     1870. 

From  the  Author  : — Fortegnelse  over  Mynter  fra  Middelalderen,  f undne  i  Aaret. 

1869.     Af  C.  Schive.     8vo.     1869. 
From  the  Author: — Fra  Raknehangen.  Antiqvarisk  Mcddelelse.  Af  A.Lorange. 

8vo.     1870. 
From  the  Camden  Society  : — Publications.     New  Series,  III.     The  Old  Cheque- 

Book   of   the    Chapel    Royal,  from  1561   to   1744.       Edited    by  Edward 

Rimbault,  LL.D.     4to.     1872. 

New  Scries,  IV.     The  Life  and  Death  of  William  Bedell,  Bishop  of  Kil- 

more.     Edited  by  Thomas  Wharton  Jones.    4to.    1872. 

From  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society  :— Collections.      Vol.  X.      Fourth 

Series.     8vo.     Boston,  1871.. 
From  William  Harrison,  Esq.  F.S.A. : — A   History  of   the   Ancient  Hall  of 

Samlesbury,  in  Lancashire :  with  an  account  of  its  earlier  possessors,  &c. 

By  James  Croston.    Folio.     London,  1871.     (Two  hundred  copies  privately 

printed  for  Presents  only.) 

William  Sedgwick  Saunders,  Esq.  M.D.  was  admitted  a 
Fellow. 

EDWARD  PEACOCK,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary  for  Lincoln- 
shire, exhibited  a  bronze  Simpulum  or  ladle  recently  brought 
from  a  tomb  at  Thebes,  in  Egypt,  and  much  like  those  figured 
and  described  in  Wilkinson's  u  Manners  and  Customs  of  the 
Ancient  Egyptians." 

JOHN  GOUGH  NICHOLS,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  an  impression 
of  the  Seal  of  Milton  Abbey,  co.  Dorset,  011  which  he  made  the 
following  remarks : — 

"  Somewhat  more  than  a  century  ago  the  two  matrices  of  a 
very  beautiful  conventual  seal  were  discovered,  and  came  into 
the  possession  of  the  Rev.  John  Bowie,  of  Idmeston,  in  Wilt- 
shire. An  engraving  of  the  impressions  which  they  gave  was 
made  at  the  expense  of  the  Earl  of  Warwick ;  and  the  Rev. 
Samuel  Pegge  (now  better  known  as  Dr.  Pegge)  wrote  a  long 
and  very  elaborate  dissertation  upon  the  devices  which  they 
exhibited.  This  was  read  before  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  on 
the  7th  November,  1771,  and  subsequently  printed  in  Hutchins's 
History  of  Dorsetshire,  third  edition,  vol.  iv.  pp.  390,  391. 

"  On  one  side  of  the  seal  was  represented  King  Athelstan. 
seated  on  his  throne,  and  the  first  idea  that  was  entertained  by 


252  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

the  antiquaries  of  the  time  was  they  had  actually  recovered  the 
great  seal  of  King  Athelstan.  Mr.  Pegge  did  not  fall  into  that 
error ;  but,  properly  recognising  the  seal  as  a  conventual  one, 
he  proceeded  to  inquire  what  religious  houses  claimed  King 
Athelstan  for  their  founder  or  patron.  He  ascertained  there 
were  four, — a  house  of  Augustinian  canons  at  Bodmin,  a  monas- 
tery at  Exeter,  wrhich  became  the  cathedral  church,  a  Benedictine 
priory  at  Pilton,  in  Devonshire,  and  the  abbey  of  Midelton,  or 
Milton,  in  Dorsetshire.  After  weighing  the  presumed  claims 
of  these  four  houses,  and  rejecting  Exeter  as  being  one  whose 
seal  was  already  well  known,  Dr.  Pegge  decided  in  preference 
of  the  abbey  of  Milton,  partly  on  the  ground  that  so  magni- 
ficent a  seal  seemed  most  appropriate  to  so  important  and  wealthy 
a  church. 

"  This  decision  was  accepted  by  Mr.  Gough,  the  editor  of 
Hutchins's  Dorsetshire,  and  Dr.  Pegge's  dissertation  was  printed 
in  that  work  (in  1815),  accompanied  by  the  engraving  already 
mentioned. 

"  In  the  new  edition  of  the  Monasticon  Anglicanum,  under 
Milton  Abbey,  in  vol.  ii.  p.  346,  this  misappropriation,  for  such 
it  has  proved  to  be,  was  repeated ;  but  before  the  editors  of 
that  work  had  arrived  at  the  Priory  of  Pilton  (vol.  iv.  443), 
they  had  discovered  their  error.  The  acknowledgment  of  the 
King's  supremacy  made  by  the  prior  and  monks  of  Pilton  in 
1534  had  been  examined,  and  appended  to  it  was  an  impression 
taken  from  the  same  matrices  that  had  been  preserved  for  the 
admiration  of  the  lovers  of  ancient  art,*  and  which  Dr.  JPegge 
had  assigned  to  Milton  Abbey. 

u  The  real  seal  of  Milton  Abbey  had  also  been  found,  attached 
to  a  lease  granted  in  30  Henry  VIII.  and  preserved  in  the 
Augmentation  Office. 

u  In  the  series  of  seals  etched  by  Coney,  published  in  the  new 
Monasticon,  the  seal  of  Milton  is  represented  among  "  seals  of 
the  Benedictine  Order,"  plate  xii.  fig.  4,  and  that  of  Pilton,  in 
plate  xxv.  fig.  4 ;  the  latter  not  so  faithful  to  its  delicate  work- 
manship as  the  engraving  in  the  History  of  Dorset,  and  the 
former  in  the  rough-and-ready  style  which  characterised  the 
vigorous  but  too  hasty  burin  of  Coney.  The  single  impression 
of  the  seal  of  Milton  which  had  been  found,  and  which  was 
placed  in  his  hands,  was  both  imperfect  and  considerably  defaced  ; 
and  it  is  only  just  now  that  Mr.  Eeady  has  been  able  to  find  for 

*  Dr.  Oliver,  in  his  Monasticon  Diocesis  Ezoniensis,  fol.  1846,  p.  245, 
describes  "the  splendid  circular  seal"  of  Pilton,  and  alludes  to  the  "rude 
engraving  "  of  it  in  the  last  edition  of  Dugdale's  Monasticon,  but  he  does  not 
appear  to  be  aware  of  the  better  engraving  in  Hutchins's  Dorsetshire,  nor  of  the 
fact  that  the  matrices  are  (or  ought  to  be)  extant.  I  am  sorry  that  I  cannot 
state  where  they  are  now  preserved.  (J.  G.  N.) 


Feb.  1.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  253 

me  one  somewhat  more  complete.  It  is  one  no  longer  attached 
to  any  document.  From  this  I  now  beg  to  exhibit  casts  to  the 
Society.* 

u  This  seal  is  not  of  such  beautiful  workmanship  as  charac- 
terises the  seal  of  Pilton,  but  it  is  sufficiently  interesting  to 
deserve  some  examination.  From  its  style  of  art,  and  its  symp- 
toms of  wear,  I  think  it  probable  that  the  matrices  were  of  no 
better  metal  than  lead. 

"  Both  sides,  in  my  belief,  were  intended  to  exhibit  some 
resemblance  to  the  edifice  of  the  abbey  church ;  which  on  the 
obverse  may  be  considered  as  viewed  on  its  western  side,  and  on 
the  reverse  from  the  east.  In  the  former  view  a  central  and 
two  smaller  spires  appear ;  and  the  fact  that  the  abbey  church 
had  such  three  spires  is  confirmed  by  an  old  painting,  still  pre- 
served in  the  church,  representing  an  abbot  worshipping  the 
sainted  Athelstan,  and  inscribed  l£e.t  aMSttin'  ijUt'  lOCl  f. 
(i.e.  fundator),  in  which  the  King  holds  in  his  right  hand  a 
model  of  the  church,  also  showing  three  spires.  The  other  side 
of  the  seal  represents  the  edifice  in  greater  elevation,  to  accom- 
modate which  object  the  spires  are  omitted.  The  eastern  gable 
of  the  church,  or  Lady  Chapel,  rises  to  the  circumference  of  the 
seal,  but  on  either  side  the  transepts  are  also  shown,  their  fronts, 
north  and  south,  being  turned  round  to  view,  in  distorted  per- 
spective, distinguished  by  large  doors  with  elaborately  orna- 
mented hinges. 

"  Besides  these  architectural  features  there  are  several  other 
objects  in  the  designs.  In  the  centre  of  the  obverse,  as  it  were 
in  the  western  doorway,  is  a  figure  of  the  Virgin  seated,  holding 
up  her  right  hand  as  in  benediction,  her  Holy  Child  on  her 
knee.  Within  the  side  towers  -  are  standing  figures,  mitred, 
intended  probably  for  Saint  Sampson  and  Saint  Branwalader, 
the  former  a  bishop  and  the  latter  an  abbot,  who  shared  in  the 
patronage  of  the  abbey. 

"  Above  the  church  are  two  angels,  descending  from  heaven, 
swinging  censers,  and  between  one  of  them  and  the  central 
spire,  as  it  were  appearing  in  the  sky,  is  the  cross  flory  of  King 
Athelstan. 

"  On  the  reverse  is  represented  the  Annunciation,  the  figures 
of  the  Angel  and  Virgin  occupying  as  it  were  two  great  windows ; 
whilst  in  a  trefoil  window,  or  opening  placed  in  the  gable  of  the 
edifice,  is  a  human  head,  a  front  face,  with  shoulders.  This  I 
take  to  be  meant  for  King  Athelstan,  who  does  not  otherwise 
appear  on  the  seal.  Our  blunted  impressions  do  not  show  any 

*  To  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Shipp,  of  Blandford,  the  Society  is  indebted  for  the 
use  of  the  well-engraved  cuts  of  the  Milton  Seal,  executed  for  the  new  edition 
of  Hutchins's  Dorsetshire. 


254  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

crown,  but  behind  his  head  there  appear,  as  I  believe,  three  of  the 
ends  of  his  cross,  which  present  the  same  effect  as  is  frequently 
seen  in  the  nimbus  placed  behind  the  head  of  our  Saviour. 
Otherwise  this  head  may  have  been  actually  intended  for  the 
Deity. 

"  It  remains  for  me  to  notice  the  legends.  That  on  the  ob- 
verse may  be  read  thus  : — 

SIGILLVM  CONVENTUS  SANCTE  MARIE  MIDELTONENSIS  ECCLES1E. 

"  That  on  the  reverse,  consisting  of  an  hexameter,  and  pen- 
tameter couplet,  is  much  more  remarkable. 

"  On  both  sides  of  the  seal,  as  I  have  already  mentioned,  the 
Virgin  is  placed  as  in  the  entrance  of  the  church,  and  -in  the&e 
verses  she  is  addressed  as  the  Gate  or  Porch  of  Salvation. 

PORTA  SALUTIS  AVE  PER  TE  PATET  EXITUS  A  VE. 
VENIT  AB  EVA  VE  .  VE  QUIA  TOLLIS  AVE. 

"  We  are  enabled  to  make  these  verses  complete — for  the  first 
three  words  are  broken  away  from  both  our  impressions  of  the 
Milton  seal — from  the  seal  of  the  Abbey  of  Arbroath  in  Scotland, 
where  the  same  legend  occurs.* 

"  The  counter-seal  of  that  abbey  represents  the  Virgin  seated, 
within  the  open  doors  of  a  church  (misdescribed  in  Laing's 
Catalogue  as  6  a  casket  or  reliquary ' ),  whilst  the  obverse 
represents  the  Martyrdom  of  Saint  Thomas  of  Canterbury,  to 
whom  the  abbey  of  Arbroath  was  dedicated. 

"  But  there  is  another  and  more  important  conventual  seal 
(as  has  been  kindly  pointed  out  to  me  by  our  Director,  Mr. 
Charles  Perceval,)  with  which  the  Milton  seal  has  to  be  com- 
pared. It  is  that  of  Christ  Church,  Canterbury,  which  is  en- 
graved in  the  Vetusta  Monumenta,  vol.  ii.  pi.  xix.  and  in  the 
new  edition  of  the  Monasticon,  in  the  first  plate  of  seals.  It  is' 
of  a  somewhat  larger  diameter  than  the  Milton  seal,  but  in  its 
general  pattern  the  latter  seems  to  have  been  directly  copied  from 
it.  The  obverse  presents  a  similar  three-spired  church  and 
angels  censing ;  the  reverse  also  is  of  the  pattern  -followed  in 
the  Milton  seal,  a  church  with  transepts,  north  and  south,  turned 
round  in  like  manner,  a  head  in  the  trefoil  opening  of  the  gable, 
and  the  open  arches  filled  with  figures.  Those  on  the  Canterbury 
seal  represent  the  Martyrdom  of  Becket  the  Archbishop.  It  is 
remarkable  also  that  the  motto  of  the  Canterbury  seal  is  of  the 
like  jingling  character  as  the  verses  adopted  by  Milton  and 
Arbroath.  It  refers  to  the  martyrdom  represented,  in  these 
lines : — 

*  Henry  Laing's  Catalogue  of  Scottish  Seals,  4to.  1850,  Nos.  979,  980. 


Feb.  1.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES. 


255 


SEAL   OF  MILTON  ABBEY 


256  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

Est  huic  vita  mori  pro  qua  dum  vixit  amori 
Mors  erat  et  memori  per  mortem  vivit  honori. 

"  Another  rhyming  legend,  intended  to  be  impressed  on  the 
edge  of  the  impression,  was  also  engraved  on  the  edge  of  the 
Canterbury  matrix,  the  words  being  placed,  as  it  were,  in  the 
mouth  of  the  seal  itself : — 

Sit  michi  causa  mera,  salus,  jus,  integra  cera. 

"  This  seal,  which  is  called  the  third  seal  of  Christ  Church, 
Canterbury,  by  Somner  (Antiquities  of  Canterbury,  edit.  Batteley, 
p.  126),  is  supposed  to  have  been  made  in  the  middle  of  the 
thirteenth  century,  certainly  after  the  translation  of  the  body 
of  Saint  Thomas,  in  1220. 

"  We  may  therefore  conclude  that  the  seal  of  Milton  Abbey  is 
very  nearly  of  the  same  period, 

"  It  is  further  remarkable  that  there  is  much  similarity  in  the 
seal  of  the  Cathedral  Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity  of  Norwich, 
which  actually  bears  an  inscription  recording  the  date  of  its 
fabrication  in  the  year  1258.* 

a  The  seals  of  Southwick  Priory  (Archesologia^  xxiii.  374), 
and  of  Shaftesbury  ( Vetusta  Monumenta,  vol.  i.  plate  Ix.)  are 
also  deserving  of  comparison,  as  bearing  architectural  designs 
of  about  the  same  date  as  the  Milton  seal.f 

"  The  curious  seal  of  Boxgrave  Priory,  Sussex,  which  is  de- 
scribed by  Sir  Frederic  Madden  in  the  twenty- seventh  volume  of 
Archceologia,  had  another  jingling  couplet  somewhat  resembling 
that  which  has  occasioned  these  remarks.  It  runs  thus  :— 

Qui  transmisit  ave  Boxgravam  liberet  a  ve 
Judiciumque  grave  non  sentiat  immo  suave." 

*  See  it  engraved  in  Blomefieltfs  Norfolk.  Fol.  1745.  Vol.  ii.  and  in  the 
new  Monasticon,  plate  xxi.  of  seals. 

f  The  vicissitudes  suffered  by  the  reverse  of  the  Norwich  seal  are  worth  notice, 
It  is  an  architectural  composition— in  the  principal  gable  of  which  there  was 
originally  a  representation  of  the  Holy  Trinity  in  quatrefoil.  To  this  the 
legend  referred — 

Est  michi  nomen  idem  tribus,  uni,  laus  honor  idem  : 
Et  benedico  gregi,  famulatur  que  michi  regi. 

In  the  portal  was  the  Angelic  Salutation.  In  Queen  Elizabeth's  time,  as 
appears  from  impressions  of  that  period  in  the  British  Museum,  the  Salutation 
had  been  replaced  by  a  large  shield  with  a  plain  cross,  the  arms  of  Norwich  city. 
The  words  AVE  MARIA  however  were  left  under  the  shield.  Subsequently 
the  seal  was  still  further  altered  by  substituting  three  initials  for  the  Holy 
Trinity,  and  by  removing  the  legend,  and  repeating  that  belonging  to  the 
obverse,  containing  the  name  of  the  church. 

The  obverse  has  also  undergone  a  change.  In  the  porch  of  the  church  was  a 
bishop,  now  removed,  with  an  inscription  beneath  which  appears  to  read  : 

"  Norwici  (or  Norvicensis  Ecclesie)  Fnndator  Herbertus,"  referring  to  Herbert 
de  Lozinga,  who  removed  the  See  to  Norwich,  1094.  (C.  S.  P.) 


Feb.  8.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  257 

The  Rev.  H.  M.  SCARTH,  M.A.  Local  Secretary  for  Somerset- 
shire, communicated  an  account  of  certain  Camps  on  the  river 
Avon,  near  Clifton,  together  with  remarks  on  the  structure  of 
ancient  ramparts  and  vitrified  forts.  This  paper  will  appear  in 
the  Archaeologia. 

In  connection  with  this  communication  Captain  A.  C.  TUPPER, 
F.S.A.  exhibited  some  specimens  from  the  vitrified  fort  of 
Craig  Phaidrich,  N.B.  thus  noticed  by  him  in  a  letter  to  the 
Secretary : — 

a  I  send  for  exhibition  this  evening  some  specimens  from  the 
vitrified  fort  at  Craig  Phaidrich,  some  three  miles  north  of  In- 
verness. This  structure  is  made  up  of  two  terraces,  oblong- 
spherical  in  shape,  if  such  a  term  may  be  used.  The  others 
are  from  the  Fort  situated  at  Glen  Nevis,  which  cannot  possibly 
have  been  a  beacon  tower,  as  it  is  surrounded  on  three  of  its 
sides  with  mountainous  grounds  and  Ben  Nevis  itself  on  the 
other.  I  obtained  these  specimens  in  1834  and  I  know  that 
they  are  genuine;  they  must  have  been  subjected  to  a  great 
heat,  but  for  what  cause  I  know  not." 

•    Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communica- 
tions. 


Thursday,  February  8th,  1872. 
C.  S.  PERCEVAL,  Esq.  LL.D.,  Director,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors : — 

From  the   Editor, -LI.   Jewitt,   Esq.  F.  S.A.  :— The    Reliquary.     Nos.    33-36. 
Vol.  9,  Vol.  10,  and  Vol.  11.     8vo.     London,  1868-71. 

From  the  Author  :— The  first  and  second  Houses  of  Lacy.     [From  the  Yorkshire 
Archaeological  Journal,  Vol.  2.]     By  John  Gough  Nichols,  F.S.A. 

From   the    Literary  and    Philosophical    Society,   Manchester:  —  Proceedings. 
Vol.  XI.,  No.  8.     8vo.     Manchester,  1872. 

From  the   Shropshire   and    North   Wales  Natural   History   and   Antiquarian 
Society  :— Annual  Report  for  1871.     8vo.     Shrewsbury,  1872. 

From  the  London  Institution  : — Journal.     No.  11,  Vol.  2.  8vo.     London,  1872. 

From  the  Imperial  Academy,  Vienna  (PMlosopMsch-Historischc    Classe}: — 

1.  Denkschriften.     20ter  Band.     4to.     Vienna,  1871. 

2.  Sitzungsberichte.     66  Band,  heft  2,  3  ;  67  Band,  heft  1,  2,3  ;  68  Band, 
heft  1.     8vo.     Vienna,  1870-1. 

3.  Archiv  fur  osterreichische   Geschichte.     43   Band,  heft   2  ;   45   Band, 
heft  1,  2  ;  46  Band,  heft  1,2;  47  Band,  heft  1.     8yo.     Vienna,  1870-72. 

VOL.  V.  S 


258  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

4.  Fontes    rerum    Austriacaram.    Band    31,  32,    34,    Abtheil.    II.     8vo. 
Vienna,  1870-71. 

From  A.  W.  Franks,  Esq.  V.P. :— Railway  Chronicle  Travelling  Charts.   No.  6, 
Basingstoke,  Winchester,  Gosport. 

CHARLES  TRUBNER,  Esq.,  exhibited  a  large  series  of  Elec- 
trotype Fac-similes  of  Scandinavian  Bracteates,  handsomely 
mounted  and  prepared  for  publication  and  sale.  Some  inter- 
esting observations  on  this  class  of  antiquities  will  be  found  in 
Professor  George  Stephens'  work  on  Runic  Monuments,  vol.  ii. 
pages  505 — 564. 

JOHN  EVANS,  Esq.,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A.,  Local  Secretary  for  Hert- 
fordshire, exhibited,  by  permission  of  Edward  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of 
The  Winns,  Walthamstow,  an  inscribed  Anglo-Saxon  Knife 
found  at  Sittingbourne  in  Kent.  On  this  exhibition  Mr.  Evans 
offered  some  remarks  which  will  be  printed  in  the  Archaeologia. 

A.  W.  FRANKS,  Esq.,  V.P.  made  the  following  communication 
respecting  the  Megalithic  Monuments  of  the  Netherlands,  and 
the  means  taken  by  the  Government  of  that  country  for  their 
preservation : — 

"  Having  in  the  course  of  the  last  summer  had  an  opportunity 
of  examining  some  of  the  megalithic  monuments  that  are  to  be 
found  in  the  province  of  Drenthe  in  the  Netherlands,  I  have 
thought  that  it  might  be  interesting  to  the  Fellows  of  the  Society 
if  I  were  to  give  some  account  of  these  remarkable  remains.  I 
do  not,  however,  pretend  to  lay  before  you  any  complete  details  on 
these  structures,  for  time  did  not  admit  of  my  visiting  more  than 
a  few  of  them,  nor  do  I  intend  to  enter  into  any  discussion  as  to 
their  age,  or  as  to  the  people  by  whom  they  were  erected.  To 
do  this  properly,  excavations  should  be  systematically  carried 
on  through  the  entire  range,  and  it  would  be  necessary  to  com- 
pare them  with  similar  structures  in  other  countries,  especially 
those  in  the  neighbouring  parts  of  Germany,  which  I  have  not 
yet  visited.  My  object  is  simply  to  call  attention  to  this  interest- 
ing group  of  antiquities,  and  more  particularly  to  direct  the 
notice  of  the  Fellows  of  the  Society  to  the  efforts  that  are  being 
made  by  the  Government  of  the  Netherlands  for  the  preservation 
of  these  precious  memorials  of  the  past. 

"  The  province  of  Drenthe,  one  of  the  poorest  and  least  visited 
portions  of  the  United  Provinces,  is  situated  about  the  centre  of 
that  part  of  the  Netherlands  that  stretches  to  the  north-east,  on 
the  north-east  side  of  the  Zuyder  Zee.  A  great  part  of  the  province 
consists  of  heathy  plains,  at  a  considerable  elevation  above  the  sea, 
sloping  off  to  the  east  and  west  into  turf-moors  or  veens.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Groningen,  on  the  west  by  Friesland,  on 


Feb.  8.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  259 

the  south  by  Overijssel,  and  on  the  east  by  Germany.  Its  capital 
is  Assen,  a  small  town,  but,  like  most  Dutch  towns,  showing  signs 
of  prosperity.  The  megalithic  monuments  extend  in  a  band 
from  somewhat  south  of  Groningen  in  a  south-east  direction  ; 
there  are  a  few  outliers,  but  all  the  principal  monuments  are  in 
this  band.  One  is  known  to  exist  in  Friesland,  and  one  in 
Groningen,  at  Noordlaren,  close  to  the  boundary  of  Drenthe,  and 
in  an  angle  which  I  understand  originally  formed  part  of  that 
province.  They  are  all  composed  of  rough  boulders,  derived 
from  the  mountains  of  Scandinavia,  and  scattered  during  the 
glacial  period  (probably  by  means  of  icebergs)  over  the  plains  of 
the  Netherlands  and  North  Germany.  They  belong  to  the  class  of 
monuments  that  we  term  cromlechs,  and  which  are  known  in 
France  as  "  allees  couvertes,"  but  differ  from  the  latter  in 
having  the  two  ends  generally  closed.  In  all  but  a  few  instances 
the  boulders  which  form  the  covering  stones  rest  at  each  €nd  on 
two  others  set  in  the  ground,  forming  a  series  of  triliths ;  these 
covering  stones  vary  in  number  from  one  to  ten ;  but  in  most 
cases  three  or  four  are  met  with.  The  position  of  the  structures 
with  reference  to  the  points  of  the  compass  differs  considerably, 
but  is  more  generally  in  an  east  and  west  direction.  In  some 
instances  a  sort  of  entrance  is  found  on  one  of  the  longer  sides, 
formed  of  smaller  stones ;  and  in  a  few  cases  they  appear  to  have 
been  surrounded  by  a  range  of  smaller  stones,  not  .circular,  but 
following  the  outline  of  the  structure.  In  some  examples  traces 
are  to  be  found  of  a  mound  by  which  they  have  been  covered. 

"  These  monuments  are  locally  known  as  Hunnebedden  or  Huns' 
beds,  or  as  Riesebedde  or  giants'  beds.  They  were  noticed  by 
Keysler,  Antiquitates  Septentrionales^  1720,  in  connection  with 
Stonehenge.  In  his  second  plate,  p.  7,  he  gives  a  representation  of 
one  of  these  monuments,  but  somewhat  exaggerated  in  size.  They 
had  previously  been  noticed  by  Picardt  and  others.  Van  Lier  in 
his  work  Oudheidkundige  Brieven,  Hague,  1760,  speaks  also  of 
these  remains,  though  the  monument  which  he  principally  de- 
scribes, and  to  which  I  shall  have  occasion  to  refer  presently, 
belongs  to  a  somewhat  different  class.  A  special  treatise  was 
published  at  Groningen  in  1815  (2d  Ed.  1822)  by  Nicholaus 
Westendorp,  Verhandeling  over  de-  Hunnebedden^  and  treatises 
upon  them  have  been  published  by  Ali  Cohen,  Governor  Hofstede, 
and  others.  The  principal  and  most  useful  work  is,  however,  that 
composed  by  the  late  Mr.  L.  J.  F.  Janssen,  keeper  of  antiquities 
at  Leyden,  under  the  title  of  Drentsche  Oudheden,  published  at 
Utrecht  in  1848,  in  which  are  to  be  found  tables  with  rough 
diagrams  of  all  the  Hunnebedden  with  which  he  was  acquainted, 
then  fifty-two  in  number.  A  few  more  have  been  since  brought 
into  notice.  ,1  should  add  that  Mr.  Sadler  has  contributed  an 

s2 


260  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

interesting  notice  of  these  monuments  to  the  Journal  of  the 
British  Archaeological  Association  for  1870,  with  which  I  have 
only  recently  become  acquainted. 

"  At  Assen  is  a  museum  belonging  to  the  Province  of  Drenthe 
specially  devoted  to  local  antiquities.  Mr.  Gregory,  the  Royal 
Commissary  of  Drenthe,  has  taken  a  great  personal  interest  in 
the  subject,  in  which  he  has  been  ably  seconded  by  Mr.  L.  Olden- 
huis  Gratama,  and  Mr.  B.  W.  S.  Boeles.  To  the  labours  of  this 
Commission  I  shall  have  presently  occasion  to  revert,  and  Mr. 
Boeles  being  absent,  I  was  kindly  assisted  by  Mr.  Gregory  and 
Mr.  Gratama;  the  former  giving  me  advice  as  to  the  monu- 
ments best  worth  visiting,  as  well  as  kindly  lending  me  a 
manuscript  map,  and  furnishing  me  with  letters  to  "burgo- 
masters, &c. 

u  The  first  monuments  I  visited  were  at  Ballo  and  Rolde,.  not 
far  from  Assen.  I  was  kindly  accompanied  to  them  by  Mr. 
Kijmmell,  the  excellent  secretary  of  the  Provincial  Museum, 
but  as  our  visit  was  late  in  the  day  I  was  unable  to  examine 
them  very  minutely.  The  monument  at  Ballo  is  a  very  con- 
siderable one,  having  ten  covering  stones ;  on  the  outer  margin 
are  one  or  two  smaller  stones  which  M.  Janssen  considers  to 
have  been  part  of  a  band  surrounding  it.  At  Rolde  there  are 
two,  at  no  great  distance  from  each  other  ;  one  of  them  had 
seven  covering  stones,  the  other  six;  in  this  last  several  of  the 
covering  stones  are  supported  at  one  or  both  ends  by  two  instead 
of  one  stone.  One  of  these  monuments  is  shown  in  the  accom- 
panying photograph,  from  which  a  woodcut  was  prepared  for 
Mr.  Fergusson's  recent  work  on  Rude  Stone  Monuments.  They 
both  lie  from  north-east  to  south-west.  The  next  day  I  took  a 
carriage  to  Borger,  to  the  south-east  of  Assen,  and  on  my  way 
passed  by  Eext,  where  there  is  a  very  fine  Hunnebed.  It  has 
had  eight  covering  stones,  of  which  one  is  gone  and  another  partly 
removed  by  blasting.  Two  portions  of  the  stone  thus  injured 
are  still  at  the  spot,  and  I  think  we  found  the  third  portion  not 
far  off  by  the  side  of  the  road  near  the  church  at  Gieten.  This 
cromlech  seems  to  have  had  a  kind  of  entrance  on  the  .north-west 
side  and  a  row  of  smaller  stones  round  it. 

"  At  no  great  distance  from  the  cromlech  is  a  monument  of 
another  kind,  which  is  erroneously  classed  by  M.  Janssen  with 
the  usual  Hunnebeds.  It  is  a  sepulchral  cist,  consisting  of  a 
large  slab  at  each  end  and  three  on  each  side,  a  space  being 
left  between  two  of  them  on  the  south  side ;  the  whole  is  sunk 
into  a  barrow,  of  which  however  a  large  portion  has  been 
removed,  as  well  as  the  covering  stones.  The  barrow  has 
been  recently  restored  and  turfed.  This  monument  is  locally 
known  as  the  Huns  Kelder,  or  Huns  Cellar ;  an  account  of  it 


Feb.  8.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUAKIES.  261 

was  published  by  Van  Lier,  Oudheidkundige  Brieven,  1760, 
who  calls  it  the  Grafkelder.  In  this  cist  were  discovered 
three  urns,  four  flint  celts,  a  long  chisel  of  flint,  very  Danish  in 
type,  and  now  preserved  at  Assen,  and  a  ball  of  iron-stone 
(pyrites  ?),  and  a  flint  arrow-head,  also  perhaps  a  pierced  stone 
hammer. 

"  Proceeding  thence  to  Drouwen  I  found  two  very  fine  Hunne- 
bedden  on  the  right  of  the  road  and  close  to  each  other.  One  of 
them  seems  to  have  had  eight  covering  stones,  of  which  one  is 
lost,  and  an  entrance  on  the  south  side.  Janssen  makes  the 
number  of  covering  stones  to  have  been  originally  nine,  and  he 
may  have  been  right.  The  other  has  only  five  covering  stones, 
and  perhaps  the  remains  of  an  entrance  and  surrounding  band, 
but  it  is  much  disturbed.  Further  on,  on  the  same  side  of  the 
road,  but  at  a  greater  distance,  is  another  Hunnebed,  which  I  was 
unable  to  visit ;  this  brought  us  to  Borger,  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  which  are  several  Hunnebedden.  The  weather  being  however 
extremely  hot,  and  being  assured  by  the  Wethouder  that  the 
two  small  Hunnebedden  on  the  way  to  Buinen  were  not  worth 
visiting,  I  went  to  see  the  great  Hunnebed,  which  is  certainly  a 
magnificent  structure.  It  is  not  easy  to  find,  being  surrounded 
by  trees.  This  has  nine  covering  stones,  some  of  them  of  large 
size  and  one  resting  on  four  stones.  The  entire  length  was 
70  feet  and  the  width  about  14  feet.  The  largest  stone  measured 
10  feet  10  in.  by  8  feet  6  in.  and  was  from  4  to  4J  feet  thick  ; 
on  one  side  was  the  entrance,  with  a  portion  of  its  cap-stone. 
Janssen  gives  the  number  of  cap-stones  as  ten,  which  is  probably 
correct.  This  Hunnebed  is  said  to  have  been  explored  by  a  Dutch 
poetess,  Titia  Brongersma,  in  1685,  when  some  urns  were  found. 

u  Retracing  my  course,  I  sought  for  a  group  of  five  Hunnebedden 
on  the  heath  to  the  left  of  the  road  from  Drouwen  to  Borger, 
and  after  a  great  hunt  I  discovered  them.  Much  of  the  land 
was  under  cultivation,  and  these  remains  were  concealed  by 
stunted  trees%  and  bushes.  The  five  cromlechs  were  arranged 
like  a  quincunx,  at  no  great  distance  from  each  other,  and  were 
much  injured ;  they  had  three  or  four  cap-stones  each,  and  most 
of  them  exhibited  evident  traces  of  an  earthen  mound.  Janssen 
speaks  of  six  Hunnebedden  at  this  'spot,  but  I  was  only  able  to 
find  five,  and  only  five  were  indicated  in  the  manuscript  map 
kindly  lent  me  by  Mr.  Gregory.  This  completed  the  day's  ex- 
pedition, and,  tired  but  much  pleased  with  the  journey,  I 
returned  to  Assen.  These  were  all  the  Hunnebedden  which  I  was 
able  to  examine  closely ;  there  were  two  others  however  which 
I  saw  at  a  short  distance  from  the  railway.  One  of  these,  at 
Tinaarlo,  is  very  well  preserved,  and  from  its  position  is  prob- 
ably the  best  known  of  the  Hunnebedden.  It  has  only  three 


262  PKOCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

cap-stones ;  an  engraving  of  it  may  be  found  in  Westendorp's 
work  referred  to  above.  The  other  was  at  a  greater- distance 
from  the  line,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Loon,  and  has  six  cap- 
stones. 

"  In  several  of  the  Hunnebedden  I  discovered  fragments  of 
pottery,  which  I  exhibit,  and  I  saw  at  Leyden  a  similar  collec- 
tion, as  well  as  a  flint  arrowhead,  obtained  in  the  various  Hunne-. 
bedden  by  Mr.  Pleyte  and  Mr.  Hooft  Van  Iddekinge,  some  of 
which  they  were  good  enough  to  give  me.  These  fragments  are 
of  considerable  value,  for,  nearly  all  the  Hunnebedden  having 
been  explored  by  treasure  seekers  and  others,  there  'is  little 
hope  of  obtaining  from  them  complete  urns,  and,  although 
many  urns  are  preserved  in  the  museum  at  Asseri,  there  are 
scarcely  any  that  are  known  for  certain  to  have  been  found  in 
the  Hunnebedden;  they  were  mostly  collected  years  ago  by 
persons  who  were  content  to  attach  to  them  the  names  of  the 
villages  near  which  they  were  found,  without  any  further  par- 
ticulars. I  ventured,  while  at  Assen,  to  call  the  attention  of  the 
members  of  the  Commission  to  the  value  of  fragments  of  pottery, 
which  with  due  search  might  probably  be  found  in  most  of  the 
Hunnebedden.  These  fragments  enable  us  to  judge  of  the 
character  of  the  pottery  found  in  these  ancient  sepulchres,  and  I 
beg  to  exhibit  drawings  of  some  of  the  urns  from  Assen,  of 
which  several,  from  their  similarity  to  the  fragments,  must  have 
been  found  in  hunnebedden.  The  whole  style  of  the  pottery 
agrees  with  what  we  know  from  Germany  and  Denmark  as 
belonging  to  the  stone  age,  and  stone  implements  seem  unques- 
tionably to  have  been  found  in  these  structures.  Some  excellent 
examples  of  urns  from  Hunnebedden  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Osnabriick,  are  engraved  in  Bonstetten's  Essai  sur  les  Dolmens. 
pi.  v.  p.  322. 

"  Mr.  Fergusson,  in  his  recently  published  work  '  Rude  Stone 
Monuments,'  after  describing  these  remains,  goes  on  to  say : 
6  Judging  them  from  a  general  abstract  point  of  view,  they  do 
not  seem  of  high  antiquity,  and  may  range  from  the  Christian 
era  down  to  the  time  when  the  people  of  this  country  were  con- 
verted to  Christianity,  whenever  that  may  have  been.  This, 
however,  is  only  inferred  from  their  similarity  to  other  monu- 
ments mentioned  in  the  preceding  pages,  not  from  any  special 
evidence  gathered  from  themselves,  or  from  any  local  tradition 
bearing  on  their  antiquity.' 

"  From  this  view,  as  from  many  other  views  brought  forward 
by  Mr.  Fergusson  in  his  clever  work,  I  entirely  dissent.  The 
similarity  of  the  pottery  to  that  known  to  belong  to  the  Stone 
Age ;  the  presence  of  numerous  barrows  with  later  pottery,  of 
quite  a  different  character,  in  the  same  district ;  and  the  discovery 


Feb.  8.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  263 

of  urns  exactly  like  our  Anglo-Saxon  urns,  but  not  buried  in 
barrows,  all  seem  to  me  sufficient  to  show  that  Drenthe  has 
passed  through  many  of  the  same  stages  of  civilisation  as  other 
parts  of  Europe,  and  the  age  of  the  Hunnebedden  seems  to  me 
unquestionably  far  anterior  to  the  Christian  era. 

"  As,  however,  I  stated  at  the  beginning  of  this  communication, 
it  is  not  my  intention  to  enter  into  any  discussion  as  to  the  age 
or  the  builders  of  these  monuments  ;  and  I  will  now  pass  to 
another  point,  viz.  the  measures  that  have  been  taken  by  the 
Dutch  Government  with  a  view  to  their  preservation. 

"  I  have  already  mentioned  that  the  Royal  Commissary, 
Mr.  Gregory,  has  devoted  much  care  and  used  all  his  influence 
for  the  preservation  of  these  remains,  and  I  requested  Mr.  Olden- 
huis  Gratama,  member  of  the  Parliament  and  of  the  Provincial 
States  of  Drenthe,  and  the  author  of  an  essay  entitled  Openbrief 
over  de  Zorg  voor  en  het  Onderhoud  der  Hunnebedden^  Assen, 
1868,  to  bo  kind  enough  to  communicate  to  me  the  measures 
taken  for  their  preservation.  This  he  has  been  good  enough  to 
do  in  a  letter,  of  which  I  will  read  you  a  translation. 

"  « Assen,  Sept.  6th,  1871. 

"  6  Dear  Sir, — You  have  asked  me  to  give  you  some  account  of 
the  efforts  which  have  been  made  in  the  Low  Countries  for  the 
preservation  of  the  Hunnebedden,  and  I  beg  to  do  as  follows: — 

a  '  It  is  well  known  that  there  are  fifty-four  of  these  Hunne- 
bedden in  Drenthe ;  one  at  Noordlaren,  in  Gronihgen,  on  the 
north-east  boundary  of  Drenthe ;  and  one  in  Gasterland,  Fries- 
land. 

"  6  There  was  some  uncertainty  in  whom  was  vested  the  pro- 
perty of  the  Hunnebedden,  and  who  was  chargeable  with  their 
preservation. 

"  '  The  former  provincial  government  of  Drenthe  had  taken 
measures  for  their  preservation,  but  without  coming  to  any 
decision  as  to  the  ownership. 

u  *  This  induced  me,  as  a  member  of  the  Provincial  States  of 
Drenthe,  to  'address  an  interpellation  to  the  body  of  the  Deputy 
States  of  Drenthe  ;  as  this  interpellation  was  not  favourably 
received  by  that  body,  I  thought  of  applying  to  the  public.  I 
did  this  in  my  "  Open  Brief,"  of  which  1  have  sent  you  a  copy. 
In  order  to  comply  with  your  request  I  have  only  to  refer  you 
to  that  letter,  and  to  state  what  has  been  since  done. 

"  *  My  Open  Brief  was  favourably  received  by  the  public;  in 
all  reviews  and  newspapers  my  complaint  as  to  the  neglect  of 
the  Hunnebedden,  and  my  insisting  upon  their  preservation, 
were  strongly  supported.*  The  Royal  Academy  of  Sciences, 

*  See,  for  instance,  Weekblad  van  het  Regt,  No.  3050,  9  November,  1868, 


264  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

in  their  meeting  of  December  14,  1868,  resolved,  after  receiving 
my  Open  Brief  through  their  member  Mr.  J.  de  Wai,  to  take 
the  matter  in  hand,  and  a  pressing  letter  was  addressed  to  the 
Minister  of  the  Interior  urging  him  to  do  the  best  for  the  preser- 
vation of  the  Hunnebedden.  In  the  Second  Chamber  of  the 
States -General  of  December  14th,  1868,  the  member  for 
Arnheirn,  Baron  Sloet  van  de  Beele,  late  governor-general  of 
the  Indies,  instigated  the  government,  with  reference  to  my 
"  Open  Brief,"  to  take  up  the  matter  of  the  Hunnebedden,  which 
was  promised  by  the  Minister  of  the  Interior. 

"'  Drenthe  had  received  at  that  time  a  new  royal  commissary, 
Mr.  Gregory.  He  was  intrusted  with  the  task  of  purchasing 
the  Hunnebedden  for  the  State,  and  a  sum  was  placed,  at  his 
disposal  for  the  purpose.  This  gentleman  performed  this  task 
with  great  energy  and  judgment ;  he  persuaded  many  pro- 
prietors of  Hunnebedden  to  offer  them  as  presents  to  the 
province,  and  in  other  cases  he  purchased  them  for  the  State. 
He  had  them  fenced  in  with  posts  to  indicate  their  being  pro- 
vincial or  national  property. 

"  '  You  will  scarcely  expect  me  to  give  you  the  details  of  the 
mode  of  acquiring  each  Hunnebed,  or  sepulchral  cist,  especially 
as  you  are  not  acquainted  with  all  of  them,  and  these  particulars 
will  not  assist  you  in  the  object  you  have  in  view.  I  will  there- 
fore refer  you  to  the  words  of  the  Royal  Commissary  of  Drenthe, 
whose  zeal  is  well  shown  in  this  matter  ;  in  his  opening  address 
to  the  Provincial  States  of  Drenthe  in  July,  1871  (see  Notulen, 
bl.  26),  he  makes  the  following  remarks : — 

"  '  The  number  of  Hunnebedden  at  present  known  in  pur  pro- 
vince amounts  to  fifty-four,  including  three  sepulchral  cists. 
Of  these  twenty-two  belong  to  the  State,  and  nineteen  to  the  pro- 
vince ;  therefore  there  are  but  thirteen  remaining  in  the  hands 
of  private  individuals.  Of  these  thirteen,  however,  there  are 
two  which  have  been  provisionally  purchased  by  the  State,  and 
negotiations  which  promise  to  be  successful  have  been  entered 
into  about  a  third. 

"  (  The  Deputy  States  of  Drenthe  are  indebted  for  these  satis- 
factory results  to  several  of  the  members  of  the  States,  and  to 
the  burgomasters  of  the  different  communes  in  which  the 
Hunnebeds  are  situated,  as  well  as  to  various  other  persons  who 
have  directly  or  indirectly  assisted  in  the  matter.  Without 
their  strenuous  co-operation  most  of  our  efforts  would  have 
been  fruitless. 

Nederlandsche  Spectator,  28  Nov.  1868,  No.  48;  Volksblad  van  de  Bosch 
Kemper,  3  Dec.  1868,  No.  49  ;  Drentsche  Courant,  29  Oct.  1868,  No.  128  ; 
Bijdragen  tot  Regtsgeleerdheid  en  Wetgeving  van  de  Geer  en  Faure,  deel  xix. 
1869,  bl.  130;  Vaderlandsche  Letteroefeningen,  Jaargang  109,  No.  8,  Aug.  1869  ; 
Tijdschrift  voor  Nederlandsch  Begt  van  Oudeman  en  Diephuis,  1869,  bl.  317. 


Feb.  8.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  265 

"  *  I  do  not  trouble  you  with  the  names  of  these  persons,  as  I 
might  accidentally  omit  one  of  them,  and  I  will,  therefore, 
confine  myself  to  returning  hearty  thanks  on  behalf  of  the 
provincial  states  to  all  those  who  have  contributed  to  the  preser- 
vation of  these  hoary  relics  of  our  ancestors,  hoping  and  trusting 
that  the  members  of  the  states  will  assist  us  further  by  acquiring 
for  the  State  or  province  the  remainder  of  the  Hunnebedden,  in 
order  to  preserve  them. 

"  *  In  addition  to  this,  the  large  boulder-stone  situated  near 
Noord  Barge,  by  the  side  of  the  road,  and  estimated  to  weigh 
50,000  kilogrammes,  has  been  preserved  from  demolition,  and 
has  become  the  property  of  the  State  with  some  ground  round  it. 

"  *  I  last  year  had  to  acknowledge  the  kindness  of  the  Govern 
ment  in  placing  at  the  disposal  of  the  Deputy  States  a  certain 
sum,  for  four  years,  for  the  purchase  of  the  hunnebedden,  and 
now  again  I  feel  bound  to  renew  my  thanks  to  the  Government 
for  having  fou  the  third  year  allowed  me  to  exceed  the  sum  in 
question  on  account  of  the  success  of  the  previous  purchases, 
and  also  for  making  a  grant  for  the  fencing  in  of  the  hunne- 
bedden that  have  been  purchased,  in  order  to  protect  them  from 
damage.' 

" '  Thus  far  Mr.  Gregory  :  you  will  be  able  to  see  from 
these  communications  how  we  have  arrived  at  so  favourable  a 
result  for  the  preservation  of  the  Hunnebedden  and  sepulchres. 
I  do  not  doubt  that  by  the  zeal  of  Mr.  Gregory  all  the  hunne- 
bedden of  Drenthe  will  be  placed  in  safety  before  long.  You 
wish,  I  am  sure,  that  some  similar  measure  could  be  carried  out 
for  England.  What  educated  person  would  not  have  a  similar 
desire  ? 

"  <  I  shall  be  glad  if  this  account  of  the  efforts  made  in  this 
country  may  lead  to  the  acquisition  and  safety  of  similar  memo- 
rials of  the  past  in  England.  Any  further  particulars  that  you 
may  require  I  will  gladly  furnish. 

"  '  I  should  only  add  that  in  my  Open  Brief  I  have  asserted 
that  the  Hunnebedden  are  no  man's  property,  and  that  according 
to  our  law  they  are  now  the  property  of  the  State.  This  asser- 
tion has  been  contradicted  here  and  there,  but  I  have  maintained 
it  in  various  articles  inserted  in  our.  periodicals.* 

"  '  Whatever  may  be  the  opinion  on  this  debateable  point,  I 
need  hardly  say  that  I  have  heartily  approved  of  the  more  prac- 
tical and  speedy  solution  arrived  at  by  the  Minister  of  the  Interior 
in  purchasing  the  Hunnebedden,  and  I  have  of  course  done  my 
utmost  to  promote  this  undertaking. 

*  Nederlandsclic  Spectator,  9  July,  1870,  p.  283  ;  Weekblad  van  het  Regt, 
No.  3,223,  July  7,  1870.  To  this  last  there  is  an  answer  from  Mr.  H.  G.  Jordens 
in  Weekblad  van  het  Regt,  No.  3,231,  August  4,  1870. 


266  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

"  '  The  somewhat  nice  question  of  law  as  to  the  ownership 
becomes  of  less  importance  from  the  low  price  at  which  the 
hunnebedden  have  been  purchased. 

"  '  I  hope  that  I  have  furnished  you  with  the  information  that 
you  require,  and  that  you  will  believe  me,| 

Yours,  faithfully, 

OLDENHUIS  GBATAMA.' 

"  The  Dutch  system  seems  to  be  the  purchase  of  a  quadrangular 
plot,  with  a  fair  margin  round  each  hunnebed,  which  is  marked 
out  with  a  ditch,  and  a  post  at  each  corner,  stating  that  it  is  the 
property  of  the  State  or  the  Province ;  a  way  is  also  purchased 
and  marked  out  in  a  similar  manner  to  the  nearest  road. 

"  I  trust,  therefore,  that  the  Hunnebeden  of  Drenthe  are -in  a  fair 
way  to  be  preserved,  and  I  wish  that  the  same  could  be  said  of 
the  numerous  and  still  more  important  megalithic  monuments  of 
Britain.  When  we  find  that  a  small  state  like  the  Netherlands  is 
willing  to  make  sacrifices  for  the  preservation  of  its  antiquities,  it 
seems  hardly  right  that  a  wealthy  country  like  our  own  should 
not  be  able  to  do  something  for  its  ancient  remains.  You  have, 
doubtless,  seen  in  the  papers  some  correspondence  relating  to  the 
threatened  destruction  of  the  scanty  remains  of  Abury.  I  am 
glad  to  be  able  to  state  that  one  of  our  Fellows,  Sir  John  Lub- 
bock,  has  secured  the  plot  which  it  was  proposed  to  improve 
by  destroying  the  megaliths.  The  same  gentleman  intends  to 
introduce  into  Parliament  a  bill  for  the  preservation  of  ancient 
monuments,  in  which  all  true  lovers  of  antiquity  will  heartily 
wish  him  success. 

"  If  nothing  can  be  done  for  the  purchase  of  these  remains  by 
the  State  at  the  present  moment,  the  country  might,  at  any  rate, 
cause  a  true  and  careful  survey  of  what  remains  to  be  prepared,  so  as 
to  ascertain  what  is  now  left.  The  present  century  has,  no  doubt, 
produced  many  admirable  buildings,  but  I  fear  that  it  has  con- 
tributed more  than  its  quota  in  the  way  of  destruction,  and  that 
is  the  point  which  we  have  as  antiquarians  to  deprecate  and 
avert." 

Additional  Note  by  Mr.  L.  Oldenhuis  Gratama. 

According  to  the  speech  with  which  the  Royal  Commissary 
Gregory  opened  the  Provincial  States  of  Drenthe  on  the  2nd 
July,  1872,  there  were  then  but  five  Hunnebedden  which 
have  not  been  acquired  by  the  state —  one  at  Westenesch,  one  at 
Tinaarlo,  one  at  Steenbergen,  and  two  at  Rolde.  Since  then 
the  two  at  Rolde  have  been  purchased  by  the  state  and  it  is  to 
be  hoped  that  the  remainder  may  likewise  be  acquired,  so  as  to 
be  preserved  from  destruction. 

October  31,  1872. 


Feb.  15.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  267 

In  illustration  of  this  communication,  numerous  drawings 
were  exhibited  by  Mr.  FRANKS  and  CHARLES  WARNE,  Esq. 
F.S.A.  exhibited  a  photograph  of  the  cromlech  known  as  Hel- 
stone,  in  Dorset,  accompanied  by  the  following  remarks  : — 

"  The  remains  are  shown  in  the  accompanying  photograph  as 
reconstructed  by  a  party  of  gentlemen  who,  strange  as  it  may 
seem,  thought  they  were  doing  a  meritorious  work. 

"  A  local  paper  says,  attached  to  the-4  photograph  is  the  follow- 
ing :— 

We  the  undersigned,  a  happy  and  obliged  company,  on  this  llth  June,  1869, 
desire  to  record  our  thanks  and  best  wishes  to  our  hosts,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Munfield, 
on  occasion  of  the  initiatory  restoration  of  the  Hel-stone  at  Portesham. 
(Signed)        MARTIN  F.  TUPPER.  JOHN  NICHOLLS. 

ROBERT  GAMBIER  SWEETING.  W.  R.  TUPPER. 
J.  O.  W.  VANDELEUR.  H.  DE  BEAUVOIR  TUPPER. 

JOHN  BULL. 

"  In  my  archaeological  map  of  Dorset  you  will  find  a  vignette 
of  the  cromlech  as  it  was  when  I  last  saw  it,  and  before  it  was 

restored." 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communications. 


Thursday,  February  15th,  1872. 
COLONEL  A.  H.  LANE  FOX,  V.P.,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  the  Historical  Society  for  Lower  Saxony  : — 

1.  Zeitschrift.     Jahrgang,  1870.     8vo.     Hanover,  1871. 

2.  Dreiunddreissigste  Nachricht.     8vo.     Hanover,  1871. 

From  the  Author  : — On  the  true  nature- of  the  Contorniate  Medals.  By  C.  "W. 
King,  M.A.  [From  the  Archaeological  Journal,  XXVIII].  Svo.  Lon- 
don, 1871. 

From  the  Liverpool  Architectural  and  Archaeological  Society  : — Proceedings. 
Twenty-fourth  Session.  2nd  and  3rd  Meetings.  Svo.  Liverpool,  1871. 

From  C.  Knight  Watson,  Esq.  M.A.  Sec.  S.A.  : — History  of  the  Fens  of  South 
Lincolnshire.  By  W.  H.  Wheeler,  civil  engineer.  12mo.  Boston  and 
London,  1868. 

From  the  East  India  Association  : — Their  Journal.  No.  4,  Vol.  V.  Svo. 
London,  1871. 

From  Thomas  Close,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :— History  of  the  Old  Trent  Bridge,  with  a 
descriptive  account  of  the  New  Bridge,  Nottingham.  Illustrated  by  Photo- 
graphs, By  M.  O.  Tarbotton,  F.G.S.,  engineer.  4to.  Nottingham,  1871. 

A  vote  of  Special  Thanks  was  accorded  to  Mr.  Close  for  his 
interesting  addition  to  the  Topographical  department  of  the 
Library. 

Hugh  Owen,  Esq.  was  admitted  a  Fellow. 


268  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

A.  W.  FRANKS,  Esq.  Y.P.  exhibited  and  presented  a  number 
of  topographical  Prints  and  Drawings  selected  from  -his  collec- 
tions and  which  were  likely  to  be  useful  to  the  Society. 

Among  these  may  particularly  be  noticed  two  drawings  of 
Eastbury  House,  in  the  parish  of  Tarent  Gunvill,  Dorset.  This 
mansion  was  commenced  by  George  Doddington,  Esq.  of  Somer- 
setshire, about  1718,  but  he  only  finished  the  offices.  The  house 
itself  was  completed  by  his  nephew,  the  notorious  Bubb  Dod- 
dington, the  son  of  an  apothecary  at  Weymouth,  wrho  raised 
himself  by  court  intrigues  into  a  considerable  position,  and  was 
created  Lord  Melcombe.  The  house  was  completed  by  him  at 
a  cost  of  £140,000.  The  main  body  of  the  house  extended  144 
feet,  and  was  95  feet  in  depth.  Plates  of  the  house  and  garden 
are  given  in  Campbell's  "  Vitruvius  Britannicus,"  voL  iii. 
It  is  alluded  to  in  "  Thomson's  Seasons,"  Autumn,  i.  651,  669, 
and  other  poems.  Lord  Melcombe  died  without  issue  in  1762, 
bequeathing  his  property  to  his  cousin,  Mr.  Wyndham.  It 
then  came  by  family  settlement  to  Eichard  Grenville,  Earl 
Temple,  and  descended  to  his  nephew  George,  second  Earl 
Temple,  created  in  1784  Marquis  of  Buckingham,  who  sold  it  to 
Josiah  Wedgwood,  the  famous  potter,  whose  widow  resided 
there.  It  then  passed  into  other  hands,  and  was  ultimately 
pulled  down,  the  materials  selling  for  about  the  plumber  and 
glazier's  bill  of  the  original  dwelling.  One  of  these  drawings  was 
made  by  A.  Grant,  and  represents  the  house  in  its  ruined 
state. 

EGBERT  DAY,  Jun.  Esq.,  F.S.A.  exhibited  four  Dagger  Blades 
of  bronze,  from  Ireland,  of  different  types. 

They  may  be  described  as  follows  : — 

No.  1  resembles  those  engraved  in  Horae  Ferales,  Plate  vi. 
Figs.  24,  25.  It  has  a  tapering  blade  about  6£  inches  long, 
with  a  tang  of  2f  inches,  at  the  end  of  which  there  is  a  perfect 
rivet-hole  ;  the  blade  is  ornamented  with  four  ribs.  Breadth, 
at  base,  a  little  over  2  inches.  It  was  found  in  the  county  of 
Westmeath,  in  June  1865,  and  is  of  a  form  rarely  met  with  in 
Ireland. 

No.  2  is  a  well  patinated  dagger-blade  of  triangular  form, 
about  7  inches  long,  with  remains  of  two  rivet-holes  at  the  end  ; 
the  blade  is  ornamented  with  a  series  of  finely  cast  lines,  which 
diverge  from  the  base  and  meet  again  near  the  point,  and  be- 
tween these,  upon  the  lower  part  of  the  raised  mid-rib,  there  is 
an  engraved  chevron-like  ornament  of  five  rays.  It  was  found 
near  the  old  Castle  of  Colloony,  co.  Sligo,  during  the  spring  of 
1870. 

A  similar  blade  is  figured  in  the  Archseologia,xxxvi.330,  pl.xxv. 


Feb.  15.] 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES. 


269 


No.  3  (figured  in  the  margin)  is  a  little 
leaf-shaped  dagger  with  one  rivet-hole,  from 
Craigs,  co.  Antrim,  found  in  1866. 

No.  4  is  a  short  sword  or  rapier  blade,  8| 
inches  long,  rather  wide  (If -inch)  at  the 
base,  with  two  large  bronze  rivets.  The 
blade  much  resembles  those  of  the  bronze 
swords  in  outline,  narrowing  from  the  handle 
and  gradually  swelling  in  breadth  to  within  a 
third  of  the  point.  It  was  found  near  Bush- 
mills, co.  Antrim.  A  similar  weapon  occurs 
in  Wilde's  Catalogue  of  the  Museum  of  the 
Royal  Irish  Academy,  p.  448,  fig.  325. 

Col.  A.  H.  LANE  Fox,  V.P.  exhibited  a 
figure  in  bronze  representing  a  boar.  It  was 
obtained  at  Abbeville,  and  is  of  very  singular 
workmanship.  Its  date  has  not  been  ascer- 
tained, and  it  is  doubtful  whether  it  is  of 
Oriental  or  of  Celtic  workmanship. 

H.  H.  BURNELL,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  a 
photo-lithograph  of  the  original  Grant  of 
Arms,  dated  12  Edw.  IV.  1472,  to  the  Com- 
pany of  Masons  of  London. 

The  document  itself  was  lately  purchased 
of  a  dealer  by  the  Court  of  the  Masons' 
Company,  and  by  them  presented  to  the 
British  Museum. 

The  text  of  this  grant  is  as  follows  :— 


BRONZE  BLADE, 
FROM  CRAIGS, 
CO.  ANTRIM. 
§-linear. 


To  alle  Nobles  and  Gentilles  theise  present  letters  herying  or  seyng  William 
Hawkeslowe  otherwise  called  Clarenseux  King  of  Armes  of  the  sowthe  marches 
of  Englond  sendeth  humble  and  due  recommendation  as  apperteyneth.  For  as 
moche  as  the  hole  crafte  and  felawship  of  Masons  corogeously  mooved  to  exceer- 
cise  and  use  gentill  and  commendable  guydyng  in  suche  laudable  maner  and 
fourme  as  may  best  sounde  unto  gentrice  by  the  whiche  they  shall  moove  with 
Goddes  grace  to  atteigne  unto  honoure  and  worship  have  desired  and  praied  me 
the  said  Kyng  of  Armes  that  I  by  the  powre  and  auctorite  by  the  Kyngs 
goode  grace  to  me  in  that  behalve  commytted,  shuld  devyse  a  Conysaunce  of 
Armes  for  the  saide  Crafte  and  felawship  which  they  and  their  successours  myght 
boldly  and  vowably  occupie  chalenge  and  enjoie  for  evermore  without  eny  pre- 
judice or  rebuke  of  eny  estate  or  gentill  of  this  reame  :  At  the  instaunce  and 
request  of  whom  I  the  saide  Kyng  of  Armes  takyng  respecte  and  consideracion 
unto  the  goodly  entente  and  dispocicion  of  the  saide  Crafte  and  felawship  have 
devised  for  them  and  theire  successours  these  Armes  folowing,  that  is  to  sey, 
A  feld  of  Sablye,  a  cheverone  grailed,  three  Castellis  of  the  same  garnysshed 
with  dores  and  wyndows  of  the  feld,  in  the  cheverone  a  compas  of  the  last. 
Which  Armes  I  of  my  saide  powre  and  auctorite  have  appointed  gevyn  and 
graunted  to  and  for  the  saide  Crafte  and  felawship  and  their  successours,  and  by 
theise  my  presint,  letters  appoynte  geve  and  graunte  unto  them  the  same.  To 


270  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

have  chalenge  occupie  and  enjoie  without  eny  prejudice  or  empechement  for 
evermore.  In  witnesse  whereof  I  the  saide  Kyng  of  Armes  to  theese  presents 
have  sette  my  scale  of  Armes  with  my  signe  manuell.  Gevyn  at  London  the 
yere  of  the  Reigne  of  King  Edward  the  fourthe  after  the  Conquest  the  xiith. 

CLAKEXSEUX  King  of  Arms. 

Seal  lost 

At  the  foot  are  two  memoranda,  one  under  the  hand  of  Thomas 
Benolte,  Clarenceux,  confirming  the  Arms  in  the  12th  year  of 
King  Henry  VIII.  The  other  by  Henry  St.  George,  Richmond 
Herald,  testifying  to  the  entry  of  the  Grant  in  the  Visitation  of 
London,  1634. 

The  present  document  is  interesting,  as  adding  one  to  the  six 
grants  of  arms  dating  from  the  fifteenth  century,  which  were 
exhibited  in  the  Society's  apartments  in  1860.  These  -were  all 
in  favour  of  corporations,  and  were  as  follows  :• — 

1.  Drapers'  Company,  1437.  Original  not  extant,  but  recited 
in  an  exemplification  and  ratification  by  Segar  Garter. 

2  and  3.  King  Henry  VI.  to  the  Colleges  of  Eton  and  King's, 
Cambridge,  1449. 

4.  Lancaster  King  of  Arms,  to  the  Ironmongers'  Company, 
1455. 

5.  John  Smert,  Garter,  to  the  Tallow-chandlers'  Company, 
1456. 

6.  William  Hawkeslowe,  Clarenceux,  to  the  Carpenters'  Com- 
pany, 1466. 

7.  Sir  Thomas  Holme,  to  the  Wax-chandlers,  1485. 

A.  W.  FRANKS,  Esq.  V.P.  exhibited  the  following  objects  : — 

1.  A  bronze  Neck-ring  of  a  massive  twisted  pattern,  diminish- 
ing towards  the  ends,  which  terminated  in  short  hooks ;  diameter 
8f  inches ;  also  two  solid  bronze  armlets  with  triangular  sections 
and  ornamented  with  a  few  engraved  lines.     These  objects  are 
stated  to  have  been  found  together  in  the   neighbourhood  of 
Mayence.   They  have  since  been  presented  to  the  British  Museum. 
A  neck-ring  of  the  same  form  and  from  the  same  district  is  in 
the  collection  of  Mr.  John  Evans,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A.     One  very 
similar,  found  on  the  Quantock  Hills,  Somersetshire,  is  engraved 
in  the  Archaeologia,  vol.  xiv.  pi.  xxiii.      It  was  found  with  a 
bronze  palstave. 

2.  Two  enormous  globular  armlets  of  bronze,  hollow,  with 
elaborate  ornaments  engraved  on  the  surface.   Diameter  7  J  inches. 
These    remarkable    objects   were   found    in   the    Grabfeld,    at 
Konigsfeld,    near  Kissingen  in  Bavaria.     These  armlets  have 
since  been  purchased  by  the  British  Museum. 

3.  Two  British  urns  and  an  object  in  stone  of  some  rarity 
recently  found  near  Brandon,  in  Suffolk.     Mr.  Franks  gave  the 
following  description  of  this  latter  exhibition  : — 


Feb.  15.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  271 

"  The  objects  which  I  beg  to  exhibit  were  recently  found  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  Brandon,  in  what  are  locally  known  as 
Brandon  Fields.  A  slightly  elevated  bed  of  drift  on  the  Suffolk 
bank  of  the  Little  Ouse  has  been  extensively  worked  for  flints, 
among  which  a  few  drift  implements  have  been  found,  but 
chiefly  of  a  rude  type.  These  excavations  have  led  to  the 
discovery  of  a  number  of  antiquities  in  the  superficial  soil  which 
had  of  course  to  be  removed  to  reach  the  flints.  The  specimens 
of  pottery  and  the  object  in  stone  were  found  together,  but  not, 
so  far  as  I  am  aware,  under  any  tumulus ;  and  I  was  assured  by 
Mr.  Maynard  of  Brandon,  through  whose  kindness  I  have  be- 
come possessed  of  these  specimens,  that  no  human  bones,  burnt  or 
unburnt,  were  found  with  them.  The  two  vessels  are  of  the 
usual  character  of  British  pottery.  The  larger  would  probably 
be  classed  by  Dr.  Thurnam  as  a  food  vessel,  the  smaller  as  a 
drinking  cup. 

"  The  first  of  these  is  somewhat  globular  in  form  with  a  recurv- 
ing lip,  very  red  in  colour  and  well  made  ;  it  measures  5  inches 
in  height  and  is  6  inches  in  diameter.  The  upper  part  is  orna- 


CUP  FEOM  BRANDON,      f  of  actual  size. 

mented   with   four   bands   of  short   diagonal   lines^  one   band 
sloping  in  one  direction  the  next  sloping  in  the  opposite.     Below 


272 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 


[1872, 


this  are  triangular  dots  in  four  rows :  then  again  four  bands  of 
diagonal  lines  and  five  bands  of  triangular  dots  with  two  bands 
of  diagonal  lines  at  the  bottom.  The  circular  base  is  quite 
plain. 

"  The  cup  (see  woodcut)  is  3J  inches  in  height  and  3f  inches 
in  diameter;  it  is  of  the  same  general  form  as  the  other,  but  less 
rounded ;  the  body  is  ornamented  with  four  horizontal  bands  of 
short  lines  nearly  vertical ;  but  in  one  part  these  are  crossed  by 
four   similar   bands,    and  part   of  a  fifth, 
placed   vertically,   a   peculiarity  I  .do   not 
remember   to   have   noticed   in  any   other 
specimen  of  the  period.     Both. vessels  are 
unfortunately  somewhat  damaged. 

"  The  most  curious  and  rare  object  how- 
ever of  those  discovered  is  a  small  oblong 
slab  of  stone,  apparently  a  fine  schist,  nicely 
polished  on  both  faces  and  tapering  slightly 
towards  the  two  longer  edges.  It  is  4f 
inch  long,  1^  inch  wide,  and  about  ^-inch 
thick.  One  corner  is  injured  ;  at  each  end 
are  three  drilled  holes,  the  drilling  having 
apparently  been  effected  from  both  sides. 
(See  woodcut.) 

"  Several  objects  of  the  same  kind  have 
been  brought  to  light  in  antiquarian  re- 
searches, and  recorded  in  various  archaeo- 
logical publications.  In  the  Archaeologia, 
vol.  viii.  p.  429,  the  following  account  is 
given  of  a  discovery  made  in  1763  at  the 
Grove,  near  Tring,  in  Hertfordshire.  An 
extended  skeleton  was  found  laid  at  its 
length.  '  Between  the  legs  were  some  flint 
arrow-heads,  and  at  the  feet  some  small 
slender  stones,  polished  and  of  a  greenish 
cast — convex  on  one  side  and  concave  on 
the  other — the  larger  was  4  inches  long 
1  inch  broad,  the  smaller  not  quite  4  inches  long  nor 
somewhat  narrower  in  the  middle  with  two 
There  were  also  a  circular  ornament 


STONE    OBJECT    FROM 
BRANDON,     f  actual 

size. 


and 

1  inch  broad, 

holes    at  both   ends.'      There  were  also   a 

of  jet,   and   apparently  the    remains   of  two   earthen  vessels. 

In  plate  xxx.  two  of  the  stone  objects  are  engraved  full  size, 

as  well   as   the  jet   ornament,  and  the  former   are   evidently 

of  the  same  class   as   the    specimen   now    exhibited,    differing 

only  in   being   convex  and   concave ;    the  larger   one   has   110 

holes  at  the  ends,  the  smaller  two  at  each  end.     The  speci- 


Feb.  15.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  273 

men  with  holes  is  preserved,  I  believed,  in  the  Museum  at 
Stourhead. 

Three  specimens  of  this  kind  were  discovered  by  Sir  Richard 
Colt  Hoare  in  his  exploration  of  the  Wiltshire  Barrows,  and 
the  originals  are  preserved  at  Stourhead,  where  I  made  drawings 
of  them.  One  was  found  in  a  tumulus  on  Mere  Down.  It  is 
described  as  u  a  piece  of  gray  slaty  stone  perforated  at  the  ends," 
and  is  engraved  in  plate  ii.  It  appears  to  be  4  inches  long, 
1£  inch  wide,  and  has  one  hole  at  each  end.  It  was  discovered 
with  the  skeleton  of  a  man  with  his  limbs  gathered  up,  and  of  a 
younger  person  at  his  right  side.  With  it  was  an  instrument  of 
bone,  two  circular  ornaments  of  thin  but  pure  gold,  and  a  small 
bronze  knife  or  dagger,  as  well  as  part  of  a  rudely  ornamented 
earthen  vessel.  A  much  larger  specimen,  measuring  4^  inches 
by  3  inches,  and  with  three  holes  on  each  of  the  narrower  sides, 
but  not  in  a  line,  was  found  in  a  barrow  between  Sutton  and 
Longbridge  Deverill.  It  is  engraved  in  Hoare's  "Ancient  Wilts," 
plate  xii.  It  was  placed  immediately  under  the  right  hand  and 
close  to  the  breast  of  a  skeleton  which  had  been  interred  with 
its  head  towards  the  north,  and  its  legs,  according  to  primitive 
custom,  gathered  up.  With  the  same  interment  were  found  two 
boar's  tusks  and  a  drinking  cup.  A  third  specimen  was  found 
in  a  barrow  north  of  Chidbury  Camp,  and  is  engraved  in 
Hoare's  "  Ancient  Wilts,"  plate  xxi.  It  is  3^  inches  long, 
J  inch  wide,  and  has  two  holes  at  each  end.  With  it  were  dis- 
covered a  diminutive  bronze  celt  mounted  in  stag's"  horn,  some 
rude  bone  implements,  and  a  whetstone.  There  were  however 
no  human  bones  or  ashes,  though  the  objects  were  deposited  in  a 
cist. 

In  the  Stourhead  Museum  are  two  other  objects  of  the  same 
nature  ;  one  is  a  plate  of  pale  greenish  gray  stone,  measuring 
44  inches  by  2  inches,  and  which  appears  to  have  had  no  less 
than  seven  holes  at  each  end  ;  one  corner  is  now  injured.  The 
other  is  one  end  only  of  a  similar  plate,  but  with  three  holes,  not 
in  a  line.  It'is  labelled  as  found  at  Abury,  probably  in  one  of 
the  tumuli. 

Another  stone  of  this  kind  was  found  at  Lindridge,  in 
Worcestershire,  in  a  gravel  bed.-  It  was  exhibited  at  the 
Archaeological  Institute,  Dec.  7,  1849,  and  is  figured  in  the 
a  Archaeological  Journal,"  vol.  vi.  p.  409,  and  the  same  engrav- 
ing is  repeated  in  Allies'  "  Antiquities  of  Worcestershire," 
second  edition,  p.  149.  This  specimen  is  described  as  of  greenish 
stone,  4|  inches  long,  1  inch  broad,  and  about  £  inch  thick.  It 
tapered  towards  each  end,  and  at  one  end  had  three  perforations, 
of  which  the  central  was  not  completed.  The  other  end  was 
brought  to  a  fine  edge. 


274  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

In  Scotland  examples  of  the  same  kind  have  been  found.  In 
the  year  1832  a  large  tumulus  at  Broadford  Bay,  Isle  of  Skye, 
was  levelled  and  found  to  contain  a  vaulted  chamber  with  a 
human  skeleton,  alongside  of  which  an  ornament  of  polished 
pale  green  stone,  2 %  inches  long  and  2  inches  broad.  It  was 
convex  on  one  side,  concave  on  the  other,  and  had  a  drilled  hole 
in  each  corner.*  Another  was  found  in  a  tumulus  at  Cruden, 
Aberdeenshire,  which  was  4j  inches  long ;  a  third  "6\  inches 
long  and  about  1  inch  broad,  but  tapering  at  each  end,  was 
found  near  the  tumulus  above  described  in  Broadford  Bay. 

Only  one  specimen  is  in  the  British  Museum,  which  is  from 
Ireland.  It  was  formerly  in  the  collection  of  Mr.  Crofton 
Croker,  and  differs  from  the  English  specimens  in  being  made 
of  red  stone ;  it  has  one  hole  at  each  end,  passing  diagonally 
through  the  edge,  and  measures  3f  inches  by  1  inch. 

The  discovery  of  an  ornament  of  the  same  nature  is  noticed 
in  the  Archseologia,  vol.  xxxiv.  in  the  account  of  the  opening 
of  tumuli  in  the  East  Riding  of  Yorkshire  by  Lord  Londes- 
borough.  In  one  of  the  tumuli  was  found  a  skeleton  of  large 
size  with  the  knees  drawn  up  ;  "  the  bones  of  the  right  arm  were 
laid  in  a  very  singular  and  beautiful  armlet,  made  of  some  large 
animal's  bone  about  6  inches  long,  and  the  extremities  were  a 
little  broader  than  the  middle,  neatly  squared ;  in  this  were  two 
perforations  about  half  an  inch  from  each  end  [corner  ?]  through 
which  were  bronze  pins  or  rivets  with  gold  heads,  most  probably 
to  attach  it  to  a  piece  of  leather  which  had  passed  round  the 
arm  and  been  fastened  by  a  small  bronze  buckle  which  was 
found  underneath  the  bones."  f  The  rest  of  the  objects  consisted 
of  a  small  bronze  dagger,  three  amber  beds,  and  a  highly 
ornamented  drinking  cup. 

It  is  evident  from  these  descriptions  that  objects  of  this  kind 
are  not  common,  and  belong  to  the  very  end  of  the  Stone  or 
the  very  commencement  of  the  Bronze  age,  and  before  cremation 
had  come  extensively  into  use.  The  bronze  implements  found 
with  them  are  generally  of  an  early  character,  and  flint  arrow- 
heads have  been  discovered.  So  much  for  their  age  :  as  to 
their  use,  some  light  is  thrown  on  them  by  Lord  Londes- 
borough's  excavation  in  Yorkshire,  which  connects  them  with 
the  arm.  It  has  been  suggested  to  me  by  Mr.  John  Evans, 

*  Wilson,  Preh.  Arch.  p.  157. 

f  This  object  is  also  noticed  in  "  Catalogue  of  a  Collection  of  Ancient  and 
Medi£eval  Rings  and  Personal  Ornaments  formed  for  Lady  Londesborough,  1853." 
No.  164.  It  is  there  described  as  "  of  bone  or  stone,  studded  at  the  four  corners 
with  bronze  rivets  having  gold  heads.  Length  five  inches."  From  a  note  to 
this  description  it  would  appear  that  Dr.  Lukis  suggested  this  object  to  have 
been  a  surgical  splint  post.  [The  original  was  exhibited  before  the  Society 
at  a  subsequent  meeting,  see  p.  288,  and  proved  to  be  of  stone.] 


Feb.  22.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  275 

F.S.A.  that  they  may  have  been  used  as  bracers  or  guards 
against  the  rebound  of  the  bow-string.*  This  suggestion 
is  quite  borne  out  when  we  turn  to  the  Esquimaux.  These 
inhabitants  of  the  cold  regions  have  two  different  forms  cf 
bracers,  made,  however,  of  bone  and  not  of  stone,  of  each  of 
which  I  exhibit  a  sketch.  One  of  them  is  a  single  piece  of 
bone  with  leather  straps  and  a  bone  button.  The  other  is  formed 
of  three  parallel  pieces  of  bone,  with  similar  mode  of  attachment. 
This  second  variety  would  account  for  the  presence  of  several 
stone  objects  of  this  kind  in  one  grave,  as  in  that  recorded  in 
the  Archseologia,  from  Tring. 

These  objects,  I  may  add,  arc  destined  to  be  placed  in  the 
Christy  Collection. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  communications. 


Thursday,  February  22nd,  1872. 
EARL  STANHOPE,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
io  be  returned  to  the  Donors  :  — 

From  the  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society,  Manchester-: — Proceedings. 
Vol.  XL,  No.  9.  Session  1871-2.  8vo. 

From  the  British  Archaeological  Association  : — Their  Journal,  December  31. 
8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  R.  N.  Grenville,  Esq.  M.A.  F.S.A.  M.P.  :— A  Catalogue  of  Portraits  and 
other  Pictures  at  Butleigh  Court.  To  which  is  added  the  "  Index  "  of 
original  studies  of  Portraits,  by  John  Downman  (with  his  remarks).  8vo. 
Taunton,  1865. 

From  the  Editor,  Earl  Stanhope,  P.S.A.  : — Miscellanies.  Second  series.  8vo. 
London,  1872. 

From  the  Royal  Institute  of  British  Architects  : — 

1.  Sessional  Papers  1871-72.     No.  5.     4to.     London,  1872. 

2.  Catalogues  of  the  Drawings,  Prints,  and  Photographs  in  the  Library  of 
the  Institute.     4to.     London,  1871. 

From  J.  W.  K.  Eyton,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :— 

1.  Miscellanies  of  the  Fuller  Worthies'  Library.     Edited  by  the  Rev.  A.  B. 
Grosart.     Licia  and  other  Lore  Poems,  by  Giles  Fletcher.     The  Poems  of 
JohnNorris.    The  Poems  of  Lucius  Carey,  Viscount  Falkland.  Svo.  Printed 
for  private  circulation,  1871. 

2.  Mr.  Ashbee's  Occasional  Fac-Siinile  Reprints.    XX.  "  The  Primrose  of 
London,"   1585.     XXI.  "  Mad  Fashions,  od  Fashions,"    by  John   Taylor 
(The  Water  Poet).  1642.    XXII.  «  The  Poet's  Blind  Man's  Bough,"  1641. 
Small  4to.     London,  1871. 

*  Mr.  Evans   has   since   published  an  account  of   objects  of   this  nature  in 
"  Ancient  Stone  Implements,"  p.  380. 

T  2 


276  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

Captain  J.  S.  SWANN,  F.S.A.  communicated  some  observa- 
tions on  recent  Excavations  on  the  site  of  a  Roman-  villa,  at 
Holcombe,  near  Lyme  Regis,  which  will  appear  in  the  Archaeo- 
logia. 

Sir  WILLIAM  TITE,  C.B.  M.P.  V.P.  communicated  the  follow- 
ing memoir  on  the  Kirkham  Chantry  in  Paignton  Church, 
South  Devon,  in  the  compilation  of  which  he  had  been  associated 
with  Mr.  W.  H.  H.  Rogers,  Local  Secretary  of  the  Society  for 
Devonshire. 

"  About  the  centre  of  the  beautiful  semicircular  expanse  of 
water  known  as  Tor-Bay,  lies  the  old,  but  now  rapidly  increas- 
ing, village  of  Paignton,  and  from  its  centre  rises  the  lofty  plain 
and  heavy  tower  of  its  parish  church. 

"  Paignton  was  originally  a  place  of  some  note.  *  It  was,' 
says  Pole,  c  aunciently  the  inheritance  of  the  Bisshops  of  Exceter, 
where  alsoe  they  had  a  dwellinge  house ;'  the  mouldering  re- 
mains of  which,  in  the  shape  of  an  ivy-clad  tower  and  some 
ruinous  walls,  are  still  to  be  seen  near  the  churchyard. 

a  An  extensive  park  surrounded  the  palace,  where  on  one 
occasion  Dr.  Oliver  relates,  quoting  from  Bishop  Bronescombe's 
Register,  Sir  Henry  de  la  Pomeroy,  of  Berry  Castle,  a  powerful 
neighbouring  noble,  but  with  very  lawless  inclinations^  had  to 
make  the  amende  honorable  for  trespassing  within  it.  With  a 
numerous  company  the  knight  had  dared  to  hunt  the  Bishop's 
deer,  and  had  actually  taken  and  killed  some.  For  which 
flagrant  offence  he  personally  appeared  before  the  venerable 
prelate,  and  acknowledging  himself  most  guilty  promised  amend- 
ment, and  solemnly  engaged  to  make  restitution. 

"  The  grand  effigy,  splendidly  illuminated  with  colour,  of  this 
distinguished  prelate,  who  flourished  towards  the  close  of  the 
thirteenth  century,  perhaps  the  very  finest  in  the  country,  re- 
poses in  the  Lady  Chapel  of  Exeter  Cathedral. 

"  Paignton  Church  is  a  large  structure  of  Late-Pointed  work 
with  110  architectural  pretensions,  but  there  is  a  fine  Norman 
western  doorway. 

"  The  beautiful  mortuary  screen,  upon  which  neglect,  mutila- 
tion, and  lime-wash  have  done  their  worst,  divides  a  small  side 
chapel  or  transept  from  the  body  of  the  church  near  the  eastern 
end  of  the  south  aisle. 

"  It  is  difficult  to  describe  with  sufficient  minuteness  the  ex- 
ceeding beauty  and  intricacy  of  this  elaborate  sepulchral 
memorial,  which  I  believe  to  be  about  a  century  later  than  the 
church  proper. 

"  It  consists  of  three  arched  openings,  the  central  one  forming 
the  doorway  to  the  chantry,  the  hinges  remaining ;  the  other  two 


Feb.  22.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  277 

being   canopies    over   altar-shaped    basements    on   which    the 
remains  of  four  effigies  recline. 

"  Above  the  arches  are  hoods  of  rich  tabernacle  work,  whose 
finials  form  supports  for  full-length  figures  of  angels  that  stand 
on  them,  having  long  dependent  wings  and  holding  shields  in 
their  hands. 

"  Below  the  tables  that  support  the  recumbent  effigies  there 
runs  on  both  sides  a  series  of  rich  niches  containing  angels, 
ecclesiastics,  and  other  figures.  The  buttresses  between  the 
arches  are  similarly  decorated,  and  around  the  soffits  of  the 
arches  is  a  string  course  of  most  delicately  worked  vine-tracery, 
beautifully  under-cut. 

a  The  vaulting  of  the  arches  over  the  effigies  is  of  fan-tracery 
with  rich  pendants. 

"  Two  curious  panels  occur  inside  the  canopies  over  the  feet 
of  the  figures. 

"  One  appears  to  represent  a  Mass — there  is  the  altar  with  the 
vestiges  of  the  crucifix,  candles,  and  foot  of  the  chalice  thereon, 
while  above  and  behind  are  shown  the  subjects  and  emblems  of 
our  Lord's  death.  Below  is  seen  a  bishop  and  two  priests,  while 
two  cardinals  stand  by,  one  of  whom  holds  a  crozier. 

a  The  other  panel  seems  intended  for  the  Nativity. 

u  On  the  opposite  faces  of  the  piers  are  small  full-length  figures, 
and  above  are  string  courses  of  demi-angels  alternating  with 
busts  of  bishops  and  others. 

u  The  recumbent  effigies,  four  in  number,  have  been  sadly 
mutilated.  Of  one,  only  the  head  and  shoulders  remain,  but 
each  pair  represents  a  knight  and  a  lady. 

"  The  knights  are  in  complete  plate  armour  dating  towards  the 
close  of  the  fifteenth  century.  They  are  bare-headed  with  long 
straight  hair  parted  in  front.  Their  feet  rest  on  the  remains 
of  dogs,  and  their  heads  on  helmets  with  mantling  beneath. 

"  Eound  the  breast  of  one  of  the  knights  are  three  chains,  and 
from  the  lower  one  a  cross  patee  depends.  This  decoration  is 
frequently  found  on  effigies  of  knights  of  this  era,  and  probably 
indicates  that  the  wearer  had  held  some  high  social  or  eccle- 
siastical position,  such  as  sheriff  of  the  county  or  patron  of  the 
church  in  which  he  lies  buried. 

"  The  ladies  are  somewhat  differently  attired.  The  figure  under 
the  western  arch  was  probably  a  maiden,  and  the  pair  may  have 
been  brother  and  sister.  She  has  on  a  plain  bodice,  skirt,  and 
robe,  but  her  hair  is  very  luxuriant,  parted  in  front  and  falling 
in  great  profusion  to  her  elbows.  Around  her  forekead  is  a 
narrow  fillet  or  circlet  fastened  in  front  with  a  jewel  shaped 
like  a  rose. 


278  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

"  The  other  lady,  though  robed  in  a  similar  manner,  wears  on 
her  head  a  couvre-chef  and  was  presumably  a  wife, 

"  The  shields  held  by  the  angels  above  and  the  others  occurring 
elsewhere  on  the  screen  are  of  very  late  shape,  and  a  bouche, 
with  the  notch  at  the  dexter  chief  point.  No  trace  of  blazonry 
is  to  be  found  on  them,  nor  does  inscription  of  any  kind 
occur. 

"  Tradition  asserts  that  this  striking  and  elegant  memorial  was 
erected  by  an  ancient  family  long  resident  at  Blagdon  in  this 
parish,  some  members  of  whom  the  recumbent  effigies  .are  said 
to  portray,  and  has  appropriately  termed  it  "  The  Kirkham 
Chantry." 

"  There  is  little  doubt  of  the  correctness  of  this  designation,  as 
there  exists  within  the  chapel  against  its  eastern  wall  near  the 
screen  a  large  Jacobean  monument  with  large  kneeling  figures 
and  the  Kirkham  arms — Argent,  three  lions  rampant  gules 
within  a  bordure  engrailed  sable,  but  singularly  enough  there  is 
no  inscription  remaining  on  this  tomb. 

"  Very  scanty  records  exist  of  the  history  of  the  Kirkhams,  the 
earliest  member  of  which,  Sir  Nicholas  Kirkham,  migrated  to 
Blagdon  from  Ashcombe  near  Chudleigh,  he  having  married 
the  heiress  of  Dennis,  Lord  of  Blagdon,  temp.  Edw.  I. 

"  Nicholas  Kirkham  was  Sheriff  of  Devon  2  Edward  II. ; 
another  Nicholas,  2  Richard  II.  ;  and  Sir  John  Kirkham,  15 
Henry  VIII.  The  heir-general  of  the  Kirkhams  appears  to 
have  been  Margaret,  daughter  of  James,  son  of  Sir  John  Kirk- 
ham of  Feniton,  and  wife  of  William  Westofer  of  Yardbury, 
Colyton ;  whose  only  daughter  Margaret  married  William 
Drake,  of  the  family  of  Drake  of  Ashe,  Musbury,  baronets,  who 
resided  at  Yardbury,  and  formed  a  collateral  branch  of  that 
family,  from  whom  its  present  representatives  derive  their 
descent. 

"  A  very  curious  circumstance  apparently  relating  to  the  race 
of  Kirkham  of  Blagdon,  Paignton,  and  subsequently  of  Feniton, 
claims  mention  here. 

"  There  is  in  the  wall  of  the  north  aisle  of  Paignton  Church, 
under  a  depressed  arch,  a  large  sized  memento  mori,  or  effigy  of 
a  skeleton  in  a  shroud  or  winding  sheet.  In  Feniton  Church 
there  is  an  exactly  similar  figure,  alike  in  every  peculiarity 
except  the  situation  where  it  occurs  in  the  church,  that  at 
Feniton  being  placed  on  a  high  altar-tomb  on  the  south  side  of 
the  holy  table. 

"  At  Feniton  there  lived  a  branch  of  the  very  ancient  family 
of  Malherbe,  where  Joan,  the  last  heiress  and  only  surviving 
descendant  of  thirteen  generations,  married  twice,  first  a  member 
of  the  Ferrers  family,  and  secondly  Sir  John  Kirkham  of 


Feb.  29.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  279 

Blagdon.  She  bore  a  son  to  each  husband,  but  a  generation  or 
two  only  passed,  and  all  three  of  these  ancient  names  became 
extinct. 

"  Were  these  figures  of  Death  placed  in  the  churches  of  Paign- 
ton  and  Feniton  to  symbolize  the  extinction  of  these  branches  of 
the  families  of  Kirkham  and  Malherbe,  so  strangely  linked,  and 
subsequently  so  quickly  bereft  of  living  representatives  ?  At  any 
rate,  the  coincidence  of  the  figures  is  suggestive  and  peculiar. 

"  The  arms  of  Malherbe — Or,  a  chevron  gules  between  three 
nettle-leaves  erect  vert  (literally  Mal-herbe),  displays  a  pertinent 
example  of  allusive  heraldry.  The  three  iron  horse-shoes  of 
Ferrers  have  doubtless  similar  allusive  origin." 

This  communication  was  illustrated  by  drawings  of  the  screen 
and  the  two  panels  referred  to  above,  by  two  etchings  of  the 
effigies  on  the  tombs,  and  by  a  sketch  of  the  memento  mori  and 
tomb  at  Feniton. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  communications. 


Thursday,  February  29th,  1872. 
C.  S.  PERCEVAL,  Esq.  LL.D.  Director,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors : — 

From  the  Institute  of  Archaeological  Correspondence  : — 

1.  Monument!  Inediti.  Vol.  VIII.  Tav.  25— 48a  ;  and  Vol.  IX,  Tav.  1—25. 
Folio.     Rome,  18G6-70. 

2.  Annali.     Vol.  38—42.     8vo.     Rome,  1866-70. 

3.  Bullettino.     1866,  1867,  1869,  1870.     8vo.     Rome,  1866-70. 
From  Her  Majesty's  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Home  Department : — 

1.  By  the  Queen.     A  Proclamation   in  order   to   the  Electing  a  Peer  of 
Scotland. 

2.  By  the  Queen.     A  Proclamation  for  a  Bank  Holiday. 

Both  given  at  Osborne  House,  Isle  of  Wight,  21st  February,  1872,  in  35th 
year  of  reign.     Broadsheet  folio  (two  copies). 

From  the  Author : — County  of  Oxford.  Notes  upon  the  Jurisdiction  of  the 
County  Justices  within  the  city  of  Oxford  ;  and  cognate  matters.  By 
John  M.  Davenport,  Clerk  of  the  Peace.  8vo.  1872. 

From  J.  W.  K.  Eyton,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :— 

1.  The  Times  Newspaper,  September  15  and  16,  1852  (containing  the  news 
of  the  Death  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington). 

2.  Memoir  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington.     Reprinted  from  the  "  Times."  8vo. 
London,  1852. 

3.  A  Collection  of  Curious  and  Interesting  Epitaphs,  copied  from  existing 


280  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

Monuments  in  the  Cemeteries  and  Churches  of  Saint  Pancras,  Middlesex. 
By  F.  T.  Cansick.     8vo.     London,  1870. 

From  the  Manx  Society  : — Publications.     Vol.  XIX.     Eecords  of  the  Tynwald 
and  Saint  John's  Chapels.     By  William  Harrison.     8vo.     Douglas,  1871. 

Sir  W.  C.  TREVELYAN,  Bart.  F.S.A.  exhibited  :— 

1.  A  drawing  of  one  of  a  pair  of  Andirons  or  dogs,  now  at 
Nettlecomb,  Somersetshire,  for  which  they  were  made  for  Sir 
Walter's  ancestor,  John  Trevelyan,  who  died  in  1546  or  1547. 
He  married,  about  the  year  1508,  Avice  Cockworthy,  co-heiress 
of  that  family  and  of  that  of  Champernown.    The  andirons  repre- 
sent  two   armed  figures,  not   duplicates   cast   from   the   same 
mould,  but  facing  right  and  left,  and  with  other  variations  in 
the  position  of  the  hands  and  arms.     They  stand  about  two  feet 
high,  and  support  shields  bearing  the  arms  of  the  husband  and 
wife. 

They  were  probably  cast  in  Sussex,  and  are  interesting  spe- 
cimens of  old  English  work. 

2.  A  doubtful  charter  of  King  Athelstan,  in  favour  of  Exeter 
Cathedral,  printed  once  in  Hodgson's  Northumberland,  Part  II. 
vol.  i.  p.  194,  and  again  in  Trevelyan  Papers  (Camden  Society) 
Part  I.  p.  1  and  Part  II.  p.  124. 

The  Rev.  E.  V.  FRENCH,  LL.D.  F.S.A.  exhibited  three  Photo- 
graphs of  a  carved  and  inscribed  stone  of  the  transitional  Nor- 
man period,  lately  found  built  into  the  wall  of  the  old  National 
Schools  at  Godmanchester.  It  appears  originally  to  have  been 
the  head  of  a  pier  or  column  (possibly  of  a  cross)  standing  clear 
on  all  sides.  The  height  is  29  inches,  breadth  at  base  10  by 
8  inches. 

In  plan  the  stone  has  been  nearly  a  square,  with  "  bowtells  "  or 
half-round  mouldings  at  the  corners,  spreading  above,  bat 
laterally  only,  into  an  equal  number  of  corbels,  worked  in 
volutes,  and  supporting  a  flat  slab,  part  of  the  same  block, 
forming  a  kind  of  capital.  The  panels  on  the  front  and  back, 
under  the  projecting  capital,  are  devoid  of  ornament,  but 
headed  by  an  acutely  pointed  arch  formed  by  the  intersection 
of  two  curved  lines,  springing  from  the  head  of  the  bowtells. 
Both  side  panels  are  ornamented  with  carving  on  the  front  of 
the  stone,  worked  in  a  spiral  or  volute.  On  one  side  at  the  top 
is  an  angel,  the  head  nearly  entirely  worn  away ;  beneath  this 
is  a  fillet,  then  the  inscription,  THOMAS — the  T  being  combined 
with  the  L.  Beneath  is  the  full-length  form  of  a  mitred 
personage  holding  a  staff  in  the  left  hand,  while  the  right 
is  uplifted  in  the  act  of  benediction.  The  other  side  contains, 
at  the  top,  an  angel  holding  a  censer ;  beneath,  a  fillet.  Under 
the  fillet,  in  a  Vesica  Piscis,  the  Saviour  nimbed  and  seated  in 
majesty,  the  left  hand  as  usual  in  benediction.  The  spandrils 


Feb.  29.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  281 

above  the  vesica  contain  the  initial  and  final  Greek  letters  A  and 
£i.  The  spandrils  below  the  vesica  contain  two  ornaments,  pro- 
bably mere  foliations.  Beneath  is  inscribed  : — 

WILL9: 

00(1  ?... 

F  6  C  : 

P:   ATA 

P  A  TB  I  S 

Which  may  probably  be  read  Willelmus  me  fecit  pro  anima 
patris  (possibly  fratris)'.  The  episcopal  figure  is  probably  St. 
Thomas  of  Canterbury.  A  church  to  his  honour  (the  chapel  of 
St.  Thomas  at  Portsmouth)  was  begun  as  early  as  1180,  ten  years 
after  his  martyrdom.* 

C.  E.  DAVIS,  Esq.  F.S.A.  in  a  letter  addressed  to  the  Secre- 
tary, communicated  the  -following  account  of  a  recently  dis- 
covered Roman  Altar  at  Bath  : — 

"  In  removing  a  portion  of  the  building  of  the  Bath  markets 
adjoining  the  Guildhall  that  was  built  at  the  close  of  the  last 
century  I  found  several  fragments  of  what  appear  to  have 
been  arches  and  other  enriched  work  removed  from  the  ruins 
of  the  chancel  of  the  Abbey  Church,  dating  from  the  twelfth  to 
the  thirteenth  century.  In  October  I  found  a  fragment  of  what 
I  believe  to  be  a  Roman  altar  built  into  a  wall,  arid  in  the  fol- 
lowing month  I  discovered  what  I  presume  to  be  a  portion  of 
the  same  altar,  although  the  two  pieces  do  not  precisely  fit. 

u  Presuming  that  these  two  fragments  belong  to  each  other, 
and  that  they  constitute  an  imperfect  whole,  I  have  so  repre- 
sented them  in  the  accompanying  drawing. 

"  The  form  is  peculiar,  the  face  of  the  stone,  back  and  front,  is 
perfectly  perpendicular,  and  the  thickness  thus  given  perfectly 
agrees  in  each  stone,  but  at  the  sides  they  taper  with  an  entasis 
of  so  slight'  a  character  as  not  easily  to  be  represented  in  a 
small  drawing.  This  tapering  gives  the  precise  height  as  shown  ; 
without  this  peculiarity  it  would  have  been  a  mere  guess. 

"  The  Rev.  H.  M.  Scarth,  in  hh-Aqu<z  Solis,  gives  an  account 
of  all  the  altars  discovered  in  Bath.  The  altar  now  described 
is  particularly  valuable,  as  there  is  no  record  of  any  previous 
discovery  of  one  of  the  Genius  Loci  type. 

"  The  inscription  evidently  consisted  of  six  lines  ;  the  first  line 
is  tolerably  plain,  although  the  face  of  the  stone  has  been  chopped 
off  with  the  upper  mouldings ;  obliterating,  with  the  exception 
of  a  few  words,  the  second  line. 

*  Glossary  of  Architecture,  iii.  166. 


282  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

e<  The  words  and  letters  following  remain  :  — 

1.  GENILO  C  .  . 

2.  [gone.~\ 

3.  [gone.'] 

4.  L™A1'.. 

5.  D.  IIANCC 

6.  VSLTM 

"  Are  we  to  suppose  GENI  to  be  for  genio,  perhaps,  originally, 
written  GENI°;  or  is  there  any  known  formula  in  which  the 
genitive  would  be  a  place  ?  In  Orelli's  Inscriptions  (Zurich,  1 828) 
No.  988,  there  is  an  inscription  on  the  base  of  what  Orelli 
states  to  be  the  bronze  figure  of  a  Genius.  This  too  might  have 
been  a  pedestal  for  a  figure  of  the  Genius  Loci ;  but  it  is 
evidently  an  altar,  the  upper  portion  of  the  stone  being  of  a  pink 
colour,  the  result  of  fire. 

"  In  line  4,  the  first  letter  may  be  E,  the  second  probably  is 
the  top  of  an  M,  the  fourth  may  be  the  same,  but  is  perhaps  N. 

"  The  closing  formula  has  something  uncommon  about  it ;  in- 
stead of  the  usual  v  s  L  M  it  is  VSLTM.  The  former  is  commonly 
interpreted  "  Votum  solvit  libens  merito,"  but  what  is  the  T  ? 
Orelli,  5,039,  has  one  from  Zurich  that  reads  V  s  L  T  L  M,  for  which 
he  suggested  two  explanations.  The  first  was  that  ST  might 
stand  for  solvi  T ;  this  will  not  apply  to  the  Bath  inscription. 
The  second  suggestion  was  that  TL  stood  for  LL,  and  that  the 
whole  line  was  equivalent  to  that  known  formula  V  s  L  L  M  where 
LL  is  placed  for  L  and  signifies  "  libentes." 

"  I  have  much  pleasure  in  communicating  the  particulars  of 
this  find ;  and  also  a  drawing  of  the  altar,  as  no  discovery  of 
Roman  antiquity  in  Bath,  during  the  present  century,  has 
equalled  this  in  interest.  I  hope  at  no  distant  date  to  give  some 
particulars  of  a  portion  of  the  Roman  Hot  Baths  I  lately  found 
more  than  23  feet  below  the  surface,  still  lined  with  lead  nearly 
half  an  inch  thick,  laid  upon  concrete  or  most  beautifully  dressed 
freestone." 

JAMES  THOMPSON,  Esq.  Local  Secretary  for  Leicestershire,  in 
a  letter  addressed  to  the  Secretary,  communicated  the  following 
account  of  Roman  Remains  observed  near  Hinckley  : — 

u  It  is  well  known  to  antiquaries  that  a  road  ran  through 
this  island,  in  Roman  times,  from  Dover,  by  London,  to  Chester. 
In  its  course,  this  highway  passed  by  Yeronse  (High  Cross)  to 
Manduessedum  (Mancetter),  and  this  part  of  the  line  of  com- 
munication is  still  used  and  known  as  Watling  Street ;  serving 
also  as  the  boundary  between  Leicestershire  and  Warwickshire. 


Feb.   29.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  283 

About  two  miles  eastward  of  the  road  lies  the  market  town  of 
Hinckley,  and  on  the  road  stands  a  house  once  known  as  the 
Harrow  Inn,  away  from  other  habitations.  Between  the  Har- 
row Inn  and  Hinckley,  a  quarter  of  a  mile  eastward  of  the 
former  place,  the  cutting  of  the  new  railway  from  Ashby-de-la- 
Zouch  to  Nuneaton  is  now  being  proceeded  with  by  railway 
labourers.  On  July  7th,  1871,  while  one  of  these  was  removing 
the  earth,  in  order  to  make  the  cutting,  he  perceived,  at  a 
depth  of  eighteen  inches,  that  his  spade  or  his  pick  was  resisted 
by  a  hard  substance.  On  removing  the  soil  he  found  a  jar  of 
dirty-white  earthenware,  which,  when  broken,  proved  to  contain 
a  large  number  of  silver  coins.  I  here  take  up  the  description 
furnished  to  me  by  N.  E.  Hurst,  Esq.,  of  Higham  Grange,  the 
proprietor  of  an  adjoining  estate  : 

"  A  discovery,  interesting  to  antiquaries,  was  made  in 
Leicestershire,  on  the  7th  instant,  near  the  Watling  Street, 
about  six  miles  north-east  of  High  Cross,  where  the  Fosse 
Road  bisects  it.  In  a  cutting  on  the  Hinckley  branch  of  the 
Nuneaton  and  Ashby  llailway,  about  eighteen  inches  below 
the  surface,  a  *  navvy '  came  in  contact  with  a  Roman  urn, 
larger  than  a  quart  measure,  and  which,  on  shaking,  he  thought 
contained  money.  On  making  this  remark,  his  companions 
rushed  forward — the  urn  of  burnt  clay  was  broken  into  frag- 
ments— and  a  general  scramble  took  place  for  the*  coins  which 
fell  from  it.  A  large  portion  was  secured  by  the  finder,  who 
has  left  the  country,  and  the  selling  price  of  the  remainder  has 
been  from  one  shilling  to  two  shillings  each.  The  coins  are 
silver — of  the  size  and  weight  of  an  ordinary  sixpence — with 
the  inscriptions  in  good  preservation.  The  earliest  one  of  the 
Emperor  Otho  (A.D.  69).  On  the  reverse  of  one  of  Vespasian 
is  JUDAEA,  under  a  female  figure  in  chains.  Those  of  Trajan 
and  Hadrian  are  the  most  numerous.  There  are  some  of  Domi- 
tian  and  Nerva,  and  the  latest  in  date  are  Antoninus  Pius,  his 
wife  Faustina,  and  Marcus  Aurelius,  and  Lucius  Yerus.' 

"  A  list  of  the  numbers  of  each  type,  so  far  as  it  could  be 
prepared,  has  been  furnished  to  me  by  the  Rev.  H.  Fisher,  of 
the  Rectory,  Higham-on-the-Hill,  which  I  here  transcribe : — 

Otho        .        •'.          .2  Antoninus  Pius        .  8 

Vespasian        .         .       7  Faustina  the  elder  .  3 

Domitian         .         .       3  Marcus  Aurelius      .  1 

Nerva      ...       3  Faustina   the 

Trajan     .          .          .14  younger       .         .  3 

Hadrian.         .         .12  Lucius  Ver us .         .  2 

58 


284  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

"  The  neighbourhood  has  proved  rich  in  antiquarian  discovery 
for  many  generations.  In  1607  coins,  rings,  and  other  articles 
were  found  at  Higham,  as  related  by  Burton,  the  author  of  The 
Description  of  Leicestershire,  published  in  1622.  Subsequently, 
at  High  Cross,  the  foundations  of  buildings,  coins,  pottery,  and 
other  relics  of  the  Roman  period  have  been  often  met  withy  but 
not  always  recorded. 

"  I  may  repeat  a  recommendation  I  ventured  to  make  some 
few  years  ago  to  the  Society,  namely,  to  initiate  or  promote 
excavations  on  the  site  of  Veronse — the  point  where  two-  of  the 
main  roads  through  this  island  intersected  each  other,  and  where 
doubtless  a  station  of  great  importance  existed  during  the 
prevalence  of  the  Roman  authority.  If  the  right  place  were  hit 
upon,  I  believe  a  more  complete  outline  of  a  Roman-British  city 
than  those  exhibited  either  at  Silchester  or  Wroxeter  would  be 
brought  to  light." 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  bo  returned  for  these  Communications. 


Thursday,  March  7th,  1872. 
AUGUSTUS  W.  FRANKS,  Esq.  V.P.  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors : — 

From  the  Koyal  Society  : — Proceedings.    Vol.  xx.  No.  131.    8vo.    London,  1872. 

From   the  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society  of  Manchester  : — Proceedings. 
Vol.  xi.  No.  10.     8vo.     1872. 

From  the  Imperial  Academy  of   Sciences  of  St.  Petersburg  : — Bulletin.     Tome 
xvi.  Nos.  2—6.     4to.     St.  Petersburg,  1871.     [Completion  of  vol.  xvi.] 

From  the  Canadian  Institute  : — The  Canadian  Journal  of  Science,  Literature, 
and  History.     Vol.  xiii.  No.  3.     8vo.     Toronto,  1872. 

From  the  London  Institution  :— Journal.     No.  12.  Vol.  2.     8vo.     London,  1872. 

The  Master,  Wardens,  and  Court  of  Assistants  of  the 
Stationers'  Company  exhibited  and  presented  an  impression  in 
bronze  of  a  Medal  struck  in  commemoration  of  the  munificent 
bequests  of  the  late  Mr.  Thomas  Brown  of  Paternoster  Row,  to 
the  Company  and  their  school. 

Obverse :  Head  in  profile  regarding  the  left,  THOMAS  BROWN 
BORN  1778 — DIED  1869. 


Marcli  7.] 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES. 


285 


Reverse  :  Shields  of  the  City  of  London,  the  Stationers'  Com- 
pany, and  Brown,  in  a  trifoliated  panel.  THE  STATIONERS' 

SCHOOL  *  BROWN  MEDAL  *  FOUNDED  1871. 

Diameter,  2  inches.     J.  S.  &  A.  B.  Wyon,  sc. 

The  Hon.  ROBERT  MARSHAM  exhibited  a  small  volume  con- 
taining prayers  in  English,  most  beautifully  bound  in  plaques 
of  solid  gold,  adorned  with  elegant  patterns  in  black  enamel, 
from  designs  by  Holbein,  as  appears  on  comparison  with  the 
design  for  a  book  cover  by  that  artist,  preserved  in  the  British 
Museum,  Add.  MSS.  5308,  and  published  by  Mr.  Shaw  in  his 
Encyclopedia  of  Ornament.  The  details  have  been  slightly 
modified  in  execution,  but  the  main  features  of  the  drawing 
agree  precisely  with  Mr.  Marsham's  book.  Mr.  Marsham's 
account  of  this  interesting  object,  with  illustrations,  will  appear 
in  the  Arcliteologia. 

GRANVILLE  LEVESON-GOWER,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary  for 
Surrey,  exhibited  a  bronze  or  brazen  Censer  found  about  2  feet 


BRONZE  CENSER  FROM  LIMPSFIBLD. 


286  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

below  the  surface  of  the  ground  under  the  floor  of  a  pew,  in  the 
chancel  of  Limpsfield  Church,  Surrey,  during  the  restoration  of 
the  church  in  the  autumn  of  1871.  This  relic  is  represented 
two-thirds  of  the  actual  size  in  the  accompanying  wood-cut. 

Notices  of  Thuribles  will  be  found  in  the  following  publica- 
tions : — 

Journ.  Arch.  Association,  xix.  81 ;  Arch.  Journ.  vols.  xv.  and 
xvi.,  206  ;  Proceedings,  ii.  318. 

THOMAS  F.  EVANS,  Esq.  of  Mona  Lodge,  Amlwch,  Anglesea, 
exhibited,  through  A.  W.  Franks,  Esq.  V.P.  two  cakes  of 
copper,  on  which  the  latter  made  the  following  observations : — 

"  The  two  cakes  of  copper  exhibited  this  evening  were  found 
near  the  Paris  Mine,  Anglesea,  and  are  of  great  interest  in 
connection  with  early  mining  operations.  One  is  entire  and 
quite  plain,  the  other  is  broken,  but  has  on  it  a  circular  stamp 
with  Roman  letters,  unfortunately  very  indistinct. 

"A  similar  cake  with  a  Roman  stamp,  but  impressed  four  times, 
was  exhibited  to  the  Archaeological  Institute  by  the  Hon.  W.  0. 
Stanley,  M.P.  F.S.A.  It  was  found  also  in  the  Paris  mine.*  " 

The  two  cakes  exhibited  on  this  occasion  have  since  been  pre- 
sented to  the  British  Museum. 

Miss  STOKES  exhibited  a  very  large  collection  of  photographs 
of  early  Irish  Antiquities  formed  under  the  immediate  superin- 
tendence of  the  late  Earl  of  Dunraven,  K.P.  F.S.A..  and  de- 
signed as  materials  for  a  work  on  the  subject  projected  by  that 
zealous  antiquary,  for  the  production  of  which,  interrupted  by  his 
much  lamented  decease,  he  has  left  the  necessary  funds.  Miss 
Stokes,  who  has  undertaken  the  labour  of  editing  this  publication, 
which  promises  to  be  of  the  highest  value  for  Irish  Archaeology, 
favoured  the  Society  on  the  present  occasion  with  a  paper, 
briefly  describing  the  collection  exhibited,  which  embraced, 
besides  numerous  specimens  of  ecclesiastical  architecture,  views 
of  many  of  the  cashels,  duns,  forts,  and  other  primitive  habita- 
tions in  remote  parts  of  the  western  shores  and  islands  of 
Ireland. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  communications. 


*  Arch.  Journal,  xix.  189. 


Marel i  14.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  287 

Thursday,  March  14th,  1872. 
EARL  STANHOPE,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors : — 

From  the  Corporation  of  London  : — Catalogue  of  the  Library  of  the  Corporation 
of  London,  llth  Supplement.  1871.  8vo. 

From  the  Editor,  LI.  Jewitt,  Esq.  F.S.A. :— The  Reliquary.  No.  47,  vol.  XII. 
8vo.  London  and  Derby,  1872. 

From  the  Royal  Society  of  Literature  :— Transactions.  Second  series.  Vol.  X., 
Part  1.  8vo. 

From  the  Author  : — Memoir  of  the  late  Thomas  Colby,  Esq.,  Captain  in  the 
Royal  Navy,  and  one  of  the  Commanders  of  Greenwich  Hospital  ;  compiled 
from  his  own  Memoranda,  by  his  son,  Frederic  Thomas  Colby.  Printed  for 
private  circuKition.  Sm.  8vo.  1872. 

From  the  Cambrian  Archaeological  Association  : — Archseologia  Cambrensis. 
Fourth  series.  Vol.  III.,  No.  9.  8vo.  London,  1872. 

From  Octavius  Morgan,  Esq.  M.P.  F.R.S.  F.S.A.  :— Thirteen  Views  of  the 
Castle  of  Saint  Donat's,  Glamorganshire,  with  a  Notice  of  the  Stradling 
Family.  4to.  Shrewsbury  and  Cardiff,  1871. 

From  the  Royal  Institute  of  British  Architects  : — Sessional  Papers,  1871-72. 
No.  6.  4to.  London,  1872. 

Notice  was  given  of  a  Ballot  for  the  election  of  .Fellows  on 
Thursday,  March  21st,  and  a  list  read  of  the  candidates  to  be 
balloted  for. 

George  Tomline,  Esq.  M.P.,  Ralph  Neville  Grenville,  Esq. 
.M.P.,  and  Charles  Shirley  Brooks,  Esq.  were  admitted  Fellows. 

OCTAYIUS  MORGAN,  Esq.  M.P.  exhibited  a  volume  containing 
a  copy  of  the  Bible,  printed  by  Grafton  in  1533,  and  other 
works  bound  up  together.  Mr.  Morgan  furnished  the  follow- 
ing notes  on  this  exhibition  : — 

^"  This  curious  old  Bible  was  given  to  the  Rev.  Augustus 
Morgan  by  an  old  friend  in  the  year  1822,  in  which  year  she 
died,  3rd  April,  aged  83.  She  was  the  widow  of  William 
Pollock,  Esq.,  to  whom  the  book  belonged  in  1809.  He  was 
for  many  years  Chief  Clerk  in  the  Home  Office  at  the  beginning 
of  this  century,  and  died  in  1816,  and  both  he  and  his  widow 
were  buried  in  St.  Margaret's,  Westminster.  He  wrote  so  good 
and  clear  a  hand  that  he  was  always  accustomed  to  write  the 
copy  of  the  King's  speeches,  from  which  His  Majesty  read  them 
in  the  House  of  Lords.  How  it  came  into  his  possession  is  not 
known. 


288  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

"This  very  curious  and  interesting  thick  small  quarto  volume, 
in  height  7-J  inches,  in  breadth  6  inches,  and  in  thickness  4J 
inches,  and  in  its  original  binding,  contains  the  following  works, 
which  were  probably  bound  up  together  in  the  latter  part  of  the 
sixteenth  century,  and  it  forms  a  complete  Church  Service, 
perhaps  the  earliest  and  only  one  existing.  It  comprises  the 
following  works : — 

"  1st.  The  Boke  of  Common  Prayer  and  Administration  of 
the  Sacraments,  and  other  rites  and  ceremonies  in  the  Church 
of  England.  Printed  in  Powles  Churchyarde  by  Richard  Jugge 
and  John  Cawood,  Printers  to  the  Queen's  Majesty.  1560. 

"  I  am  informed  that  this  edition  is  mentioned  in  Lowndes, 
but  that  there  is  no  copy  in  the  British  Museum. 

"  2nd.  A  fragment  of  eight  leaves,  containing  6  Godlye 
Prayers.'  Printed  at  London  by  Richard  Jugge  and  John 
Cawrood,  between  the  years  1558  and  1572  ;  most  probably  in 
1560. 

66  3rd.  '  The  Bible  in  English,  according  to  the  translation  of 
the  great  Bible.'  '  Imprinted  at  London  by  Richard  Grafton, 
Printer  to  the  King's  Highness.'  This  is  Cranmer's  version. 
The  type  is  remarkably  small,  and  the  edition  has  marginal 
references,  and  indications  of  the  portions  appointed  to  be  read 
as  lessons  in  the  Church.  This  edition  is,  I  am  informed,  of 
extreme  rarity. 

"  4th.  The  Homilies  called  '  Certain  Sermons,'  first  printed 
by  Richard  Jugge  and  John  Cawood  at  London,  in  1560.  This, 
I  am  told,  is  not  in  the  British  Museum,  and  was  unknown 
to  Lowndes. 

"  5th.  The  Psalter,  or  <  Psalms  of  David,'  in  English  metre  by 
Thomas  Sternhold  and  others.  i  Imprinted  by  John  Day,  dwelling 
over  Aldersgate^  beneath  St.  Martins.  These  Bokes  are  to  be 
sold  at  his  shop  under  the  gate.'  1561.  This,  I  am  informed, 
is  not  in  the  British  Museum,  and  was  unknown  to  Cotton, 
Lowndes,  and  Lea  Willson.  It  opens  with  a  treatise  and  in- 
structions in  music.  All  the  Psalms  of  David  are  given,,  very 
many  with  the  music  notes  and  tunes ;  besides  these,  there  are 
many  other  psalms  and  hymns  with  the  tunes,  as  the  Lord's 
Prayer,  Te  Deum,  Ten  Commandments,  &c.  The  names  of  the 
persons  who  composed  the  metrical  versions  are  also  given,  but 
to  the  Hundreth  Psalm  there  is  neither  name  nor  initial  letters. 
It  closes  with  a  form  of  prayer  to  be  used  in  private  houses 
morning  and  evening." 

The  Right  Hon.  Lord  OTHO  FITZGERALD,  M.P.,  exhibited 
an  object  discovered  in  a  tumulus  near  Driffield,  Yorkshire,  on 


March  14.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  281) 

which  A.  W.  Franks,  Esq.,  V.P.,  made  the  following  observa- 
tions : — 

"  In  a  communication  which  I  made  to  the  Society  in  February 
respecting  the  finding  of  a  stone  bracer  in  Brandon  Fields,  I 
noticed  a  very  curious  discovery  of  the  same  nature  made  by  the 
late  Lord  Londesborough,  F.S.A.,  in  a  tumulus  near  Driffield, 
and  described  in  the  Archasologia,  xxxiv.  251 — 258.  The  object 
discovered  by  Lord  Londesborough  was,  however,  described 
as  made  of  bone,  and  though  there  is  a  reference  to  the  plate, 
it  is  not  engraved ;  the  only  means  of  judging  of  the  nature 
of  the  object  being  a  slight  indication  in  the  representation  of  the 
skeleton  then  discovered. 

"  On  referring  to  a  privately  printed  description  of  a  collection 
of  rings  and  other  personal  ornaments  in  the  possession  of  Lady 
Londesborough,  I  found  under  No.  164  '  an  armbrace  or  armlet 
of  bone,  studded  at  the  four  corners  with  bronze  nails  having 
gold  heads.  length  5  inches.' 

"  This,  I  found,  was  the  object  in  question,  and  Lord  Otho 
Fitzgerald  kindly  permitted  me  to  see  the  original,  which,  like 
all  the  specimens  noticed  in  my  communication,  is  of  stone,  and 
not  of  bone. 

"  I  may  add  that  Lord  Otho  Fitzgerald  has  consented  to  this 
object  being  engraved  for  the  paper  on  Long  Barrows,  by 
Dr.  Thurnam,  about  to  appear  in  the  Archaaologia." 

Captain  R.  F.  BURTON  exhibited  : — 

1.  An  Altar-stone  from  the  site  of  the  ancient  Canatha,  in 
Jebel  Duruz  Hauran. 

2.  A  Thurible  of  bronze,  found  in  the  country  between  Pal- 
myra and  Damascus. 

These  objects  were  thus  described  by  the  exhibitor  : — 

"  Your  indefatigable  Vice-President,  Colonel  Lane  Fox,  sug- 
gested to  me  that  the  two  articles  now  before  you,  which  have 
been  lying  for.  some  time  at  the  rooms  of  the  Anthropological 
Institute,  should  be  exhibited  before  the  Society  of  Antiquaries, 
and  your  Secretary  did  me  the  honour  to  ask  for  a  few  words 
by  way  of  illustration.  I  have  willingly  accepted  both  sug- 
gestions, especially  the  latter,  because  it  will  give  me  the  oppor- 
tunity of  adding  a  few  words  which  may  be  useful  to  future 
explorers. 

"  The  thurible,  in  Syria  called  "  mabkharah,"  comes  from  a 
convent  known  as  the  Dayr  of  "  Mar  Muza  el  Habashi "  (St. 
Moses  the  Abyssinian),  which  I  visited  in  Sept.  28,  1870,  distant 
about  an  hour  and  a  half  of  slow  riding,  say  six  miles,  from 
the  town  of  Nabk.  This  holy  man  was  a  hermit  from  the  land 
of  Prester  John,  who  lived  in  the  Anti-Libanus,  and  who  died 

VOL.  v.  u 


290  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

there  in  the  odour  of  sanctity.  The  first  monastery  was  built 
over  his  remains  by  the  Emperor  Heraclius  (A.D.  '610 — 641), 
and  it  has,  they  say,  been  four  times  destroyed  by  sectarian 
hatred.  His  annual  pilgrimage  was  well  attended  until  the 
last  five  or  six  years,  but  since  that  time  the  incursions  of  the 
Bedawins  have  been  an  effectual  bar  to  pious  visitation.  Mar 
Muza's  thumb  is  kept  in  a  silver  box,  and  is  kissed  by  wives 
who  would  become  the  joyful  mothers  of  children. 

"  The  monastery  is  posted  upon  the  left  side  of  a  rocky 
fiumara,  a  bare  line  of  white  and  reddish  limestone,  in  places 
curiously  streaked  and  banded.  This  I  found,  from  the  great 
number  of  mortuary  caves,  large  and  small,  which  riddle  its 
right  side,  to  have  been  the  conventual  cemetery.  We  had  no 
difficulty  in  picking  up  five  skulls,  probably  of  priests ;  one  had 
the  mouth  stuffed  with  wool.  Near  the  monastery,  the  bridle- 
path, a  narrow  ledge  and  ladder  of  slippery  stone,  ends  abruptly : 
the  good  monks  preferred  keeping  a  precipice  of  some  500  feet 
in  front  of  them,  in  order  to  ward  off  the  nomads  who  ride  the 
lowlands.  We  exchanged  a  shot  or  two  with  some  fifteen  of 
these  gentry,  mounted  on  horses  and  dromedaries,  but  more  for 
bravado  on  both  sides  than  with  the  idea  of  doing  harm.  It  is 
strange  that  of  all  those  who  have  passed,  when  en  route  for 
Palmyra,  almost  under  the  walls  of  this  conspicuous  and  com- 
manding building,  not  one  appears  to  have  noticed  it.  They 
were  probably  too  much  occupied  with  the  material  hardships 
and  the  physical  discomforts  of  the  journey  to  look  out  for 
thuribles,  and  they  certainly  had  no  guides  who  would  look  out 
for  them.* 

"  The  date  of  the  thurible  has  been  disputed,  but  the  altar  is 
unquestionably  an  antique.  In  June  1871,  accompanied  by  my 
friend  Mr.  Charles  F.  Tyrwhitt-Drake,  I  visited  the  basaltic 
range  which  fronts  the  Anti-Libanus,  and  lies  between  the 
fertile  Auranitis  (Valley  of  the  Hauran),  and  the  mysterious 
Desert  of  the  Euphrates.  This  chain,  purely  volcanic  and 
basaltic,  has  been  identified  with  the  Alsadamus  Mons  of 
Ptolemy.  It  is  now  in  the  hands  of  the  Druses,  who,  driven 
by  persecution  and  oppression  from  their  old  homes  on  the 
eastern  slopes  of  the  Hermon,  began  their  exodus  to  these 
fastnesses  about  150  years  ago.  Burckhardt  found  the  emigra- 
tion hard  at  work  in  1810 — 12. 

"  At  present  undoubtedly  the  most  prosperous  settlements  of 
Jebel  Duruz  Hauran  are  Shakkah,  the  ancient  Saccoea,  and 
Kanawat.  The  latter  is  the  classical  Canatha  and  the  Hebrew 
Kenath,  all  signifying  "underground  aqueducts."  The  altar 

*  For  a  further  account  of  this  visit,  see  Burton  and  Tyrwhitt-Drake,  Unex- 
plored Syria,  vol.  ii.  p.  272< 


To  face  p.  290. 


BRONZE  THURIBLE  FROM  SYRIA. 


March  14.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  291 

was  found  on  the  terrace  of  a  private  house,  being  used  as  a  kind 
of  flower-pot,  and  of  course  the  owners  knew  nothing  of  its 
value.  My  friend  and  fellow-traveller  easily  bought  it  for  a 
few  piastres. 

"  Intending  again  to  visit  with  more  apparatus  the  Duruz 
mountain,  I  had  hoped  to  carry  away  two  or  three  camel-loads 
of  carved  basalt ;  but  unfortunately  the  exigencies  of  economy 
cut  short  my  career  in  Syria.  Damascus  was  reduced  to  a 
vice-consulate,  and  consequently  I  was  recalled.  Allow  me 
strongly  to  urge  upon  antiquaries  the  necessity  of  taking  some 
steps  to  bring  home  some  of  these  interesting  relics.  The 
Hippodrome  of  Kanawat  and  the  Temple  of  Si'a,  to  mention  no 
others,  are  full  of  figures  and  images,  especially  birds,  well  cut 
in  the  hardest  basalt.  The  Druses  use  them  simply  as  building 
stones.  The  fanatic  Muslims  of  a  former  age  have  mutilated 
them,  especially  by  breaking  off  the  heads,  and  the  children 
now  amuse  themselves  with  stoning  them.  The  people  are,  and 
have  been  for  long  ages,  most  friendly  to  the  English,  although 
in  these  days  we  think  but  little  of  keeping  up  such  time- 
honoured  connections.  Still,  an  Englishman  will  always  be 
received  by  them  with  the  utmost  kindness  and  hospitality, 
especially  where  the  settlements  have  not  been  much  troubled 
by  dragomans  and  tourists.  They  are  entirely  ignorant  of  the 
importance  which  we  attach  to  such  antiquities,  and  they  are 
ready  to  part  with  them  for  the  smallest  sums.  Collectors, 
however,  must  be  careful  not  to  arouse  their  greed,  as  they  are 
mountaineers  and  poor.  And  the  sad  catastrophe  which  lately 
befell  that  most  interesting  of  monuments  the  altera  lectio  of  the 
third  chapter  of  the  second  Book  of  Kings,  the  Moabite  stone — a 
catastrophe  brought  about  solely  by  the  mismanagement  and 
jealousy  of  Europeans  at  Jerusalem — will,  I  venture  to  hope, 
read  a  lesson  of  prudence  to  all  future  time." 

The  thurible  which  is  here  figured  has  since  been  acquired  by 
the  British  Museum.  The  woodcut  shows  the  censor  itself  with 
chains  of  twisted  copper  wire  terminated  by  a  cap ;  the  sculp- 
ture round  the  body  in  an  extended  view ;  and  a  figure  in  relief 
which  ornaments  the  bottom.  All  these  are  to  a  scale  of  f  rds 
linear.  In  the  left  hand  corner  the  incised  pattern  on  the  base 
is  given  full-size. 

R.  H.  MAJOR,  Esq.  F.S.A.  communicated  a  paper,  entitled 
Further  Facts  relating  to  the  Discovery  of  Australia;  which  will 
appear  in  the  Archa3ologia. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  communications. 

u  2 


292  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

Thursday,  March  21st,  1872. 
AUGUSTUS  W.  FRANKS,  Esq.  Y.P.  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  :  — 

From  the  Master  and  Wardens  of  the  Company : — History  and  Antiquities  of 
the  Worshipful  Company  of  Leathersellers  of  the  City  of  London ;  with 
Fac-similes  of  Charters,  and  other  Illustrations.  By  William  Henry 
Black,  F.S.A.  Folio.  London,  1871.  [Printed  for  private  circulation.] 

From  the  American  Philosophical  Society  : —  •    .- 

1.  Transactions.     Vol.  XIV.,  New  series.   Part  3.    4to.   Philadelphia,  1871. 

2.  Proceedings.    Vol.  XIL,  2.     No.  87.     8vo.     Philadelphia,  1871. 

From  the  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society  of  Manchester  : — Proceedings. 
Vol.  XI.,  No.  11.  8vo.  1872. 

From  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland  : — Proceedings.  Vol.  VIII.,  Part  2. 
[Completing  Vol.  VIIL]  8vo.  Edinburgh,  1871. 

From  the  Imperial  Archaeological  Commission : — 

1.  Compte-Rendu  pour  1'annee  1869.    4to.    St.  Petersburg!!,  1870. 

2.  Atlas.    Folio.    St.  Petersburgh,  1870. 

A  vote  was  passed  recording  the  Special  Thanks  of  the  Society 
to  the  worshipful  Company  of  Leathersellers  for  their  handsome 
present  to  the  library. 

This  being  an  evening  appointed  for  the  election  of  Fellows, 
no  papers  were  read. 

The  Ballot  began  at  8'45  and  closed  at  9 '30  p.m.,  when  the 
following  candidates  were  declared  to  be  duly  elected  : — 

Thomas  Morell  Blackie,  Esq. 

Rev.  Samuel  Savage  Lewis. 

Edward  Breese,  Esq. 

Samuel  Spalding,  Esq. 

John  De  Havilland,  Esq. 

Edward  Arber,  Esq. 

Sir  Charles  James  Palmer,  Bart. 

William  Henry  Hamilton  Rogers,  Esq. 

George  William  Reid,  Esq. 

John  Samuel  Phene,  Esq. 

James  Thome,  Esq. 


April  11.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  293 

Thursday,  April  llth,  1872. 
C.  S.  PERCEVAL,  Esq.  LL.D.  Director,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors :  — 

From  the  Compiler,  John  Watney,  Jun.  Esq.  F.S.A.  : — Some  Account  of  St. 
Osyth's  Priory,  Essex,  and  its  Inhabitants.  8vo.  London,  1871.  [Pri- 
vately printed.] 

Erom  the  Numismatic  Society  : — The  Numismatic  Chronicle.    Vol.  XI.    New 

Series.     No.  44.     8vo.     London,  1871. 
Erom  the  Royal  Society  : — Proceedings.  Vol.  XX.,  No.  132.  8vo.  London,  1872. 

Erom  the  Wiltshire  Archasological  and  Natural  History  Society  : — Their  Maga- 
zine. No.  XXXVII.,  Vol.  13.  8vo.  Devizes,  1871. 

Erom  the  Commission  of  Antiquities  of  the  Seine  Inferieure  : — Bulletin.  Annee, 
1870.  Tome  II.  l'e  Livraison.  8vo.  Dieppe,  1871. 

Erom  the  Royal  Institute  of  British  Architects  : — Sessional  Papers,  1871-72. 
No.  7.  4to.  London,  1872. 

From  J.  W.  K.  Eytou,  Esq.  F.S.A.  : — Miscellanea  Genealogica  et  Heraldica. 
Monthly  Series.  Edited  by  J.  J.  Howard,  LL.D.  E.S.A.  Nos.  XVIII.  and 
XIX.  March.  8vo.  London,  1872. 

Erom  J.  O.  Phillipps,  Esq.  F.R.S.  F.S.A.  :— A  curious  paper  of  the  time  of  Queen 
Elizabeth,  respecting  the  office  of  the  Revels.  Now  first  printed  from  the 
Lansdowne  Manuscript  No.  83,  in  the  British  Museum.  '  8vo.  London, 
1872.  [Twenty  copies  printed  for  presents  only.] 

From  the  Anthropological  Institute  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  : — The 
Journal.  Vol.  I.,  No.  3.  January.  8vo.  London,  1872. 

Erom  the  Editor  -.—The  Church  Builder.     No.  42.     April.     8vo.    London,  1872. 

From  the  Royal  Geographical  Society  :— Proceedings.  Vol.  XV.,  No.  5. 
[Completing  the  vol.],  and  Vol.  XVI.,  No.  I.  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Royal  Historical  and  Archaeological  Association  of  Ireland  : — The 
Journal.  Vol.  I.  Fourth  Series.  No.  8.  8vo.  Dublin,  1871. 

From  the  Author  : — A  Topographical  Index  to  the  Fellows  of  the  Geological 
Society  of  London,  resident  in  the  country  or  abroad.  By  Townshend 
M.  Hall,  Esq.  F.G.S.  [Corrected  to  January  1st,  1872.] 

From  the   Literary  and  Philosophical  Society  of   Manchester  : — Proceedings. 

Vol.  xi.     No.  12.     8vo. 

From  the  London  Institution  : — Journal.     No.  13.    Vol.  2.    8vo.    London,  1872. 
From  the  Society  for  Nassau  Antiquities  and  Historical  Investigation  : — Elfter 

Band,   1871,  und.Eiinften  Bandes  zweites  Heft.      1871.     2  Vols.     8vo. 

Wiesbaden. 

From  the  Author  : — An  Account  of  the  Township  of  Iffley,  Oxfordshire.  By 
the  Rev.  Edward  Marshall,  M.A.  8vo.  Oxford  and  London,  1870. 

From  General  Meredith  Read,  F.S.A.  : — Galerie  Historique  et  Critique  du  dix- 
neuvieme  siecle  par  Henry  Lauzac.  (Extrait  du  sixieme  volume.)  8vo. 
Paris,  1872. 

From  the  Author,  Edward  A.  Freeman,  Esq.  M.A.,  D.C.L. : — 

1.  Inaugural  Address.     At  Crewkerne,  August  29,  1871.     8vo. 

2.  Address  to  the  Historical  Section  of  the  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Institute 
held  at  Cardiff.     8vo. 


294  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

Notice  was  given  that  the  Anniversary  Meeting  for  the  election 
of  the  President,  Council,  and  Officers  of  the  Society  would  he 
held  on  St.  George's  Day,  Tuesday,  April  23rd,  at  the  hour  of 
2  p.m.,  and  a  list  was  read  of  the  persons  proposed  by  the  Council 
as  the  Council  and  Officers  for  the  ensuing  year. 

The  Report  of  the  Auditors  of  the  Society's  accounts  for  the 
year  1871  was  read.  (See  page  295). 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  to  the  Auditors  for  their 
trouble,  and  to  the  Treasurer  for  his  good  and  faithful  services. 

FRANCIS  FRY,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  and  presented  a  litho- 
'aph  of  a  Mural  Painting  discovered  in  Kelston  Church,  near 


M.  H.  BLOXAM,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary  for  Warwick- 
shire, presented  a  woodcut  (from  a  drawing  made  in  1865)  of  a 
Megalithic  Monument  known  as  the  King's  Stone,  at  Long 
Compton,  Warwickshire,  near  the  Rollwright  Stones. 

J.  T.  MICKLETHWAITE,  Esq.  F.S.A.  communicated  some  account 
of  the  discoveries  in  St.  Alban's  Abbey  Church,  consequent  on  the 
repairs  actually  in  progress,  and  presented  a  photograph  showing 
the  portions  of  the  Shrine  of  St.  Alban  lately  found. 

Mr.  Micklethwaite  also  exhibited  a  brass  or  latten  Candle- 
stick, probably  of  late  fourteenth  century  work.  The  nozzle  for  the 
candle  was  formed  by  a  tapering  tube  3£  inches  in  height,  rising 
from  a  coronet  of  fleurons  in  pierced  work  of  elegant  design. 
This  rose  from  a  nearly  hemispherical  base,  about  5  inches  in 
its  largest  diameter,  placed  on  a  base  }-inch  high  of  eight-foiled 
plan.  Total  height  about  7  inches. 

The  hemispherical  portion  was  ornamented  with  an  incised 
inscription  in  Gothic  letters  — 

tf)g  najarenus  rex  tutoeoru. 

The  candlestick  had  for  many  years  occupied  the  place  of 
honour  on  the  mantle-shelf  of  a  country  farm-house,  and  from 
constant  polishing  the  inscription  and  other  incised  ornaments 
have  nearly  been  effaced. 

EDWARD  PEACOCK,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary  for  Lincoln- 
shire, communicated  a  transcript  of  two  Inventories  of  the 
goods  of  Cardinal  Fisher,  Bishop  of  Rochester,  at  his  Palace 
of  Rochester,  and  also  at  his  Manor  of  Hailing  in  Kent.  This 
document  is  contained  in  a  volume  marked  J  E  G  8151,  among 


April  11.] 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES. 


295 


•s  IP  I 

t^'rt     I 


<MC5OO»OOOO          rH 


ITB 


fe         ~ 


a   S   P 

I 


.   §  °> 


S  l"g 

31-s 


5  s  % 


0     <B     M 


oo  o 


a  I 

g  s 

§  I 

P  .5 


s  1.2 

°<S<rt 


II 
fll 


r-t  C<>  rH          CO  O 


Oj 


o       o      o       o       o 


oo       co       oo 
to 


ft  r-j^K,^  P°0 

2-g-S-M^       .       o^g 

§       '     2^       '7       '^       '^  '  "^       '  J3H       " 

J       .5^       .^       .•§       .1  .          J°°      .    g^       • 

°    C5  (^  «»  -^ 

S         S  ->5        ^        °^        °^ 


o 


-g  « 


296  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

the  records  formerly  of  the  Queen's  Remembrancer  in  the 
Exchequer,  now  in  the  Public  Record  Office. 

Both  inventories  purport  to  have  been  taken  on  April  27th 
26  Henry  VIII.  (1534),  being  the  day  after  the  Bishop's  com- 
mittal to  the  Tower  for  refusing  to  take  the  oath  to  the  Succes- 
sion. The  year  previously  he  had  been  found  guilty  of  misprision 
of  treason,  and  subjected  to  the  forfeiture  of  his  goods  and  to 
imprisonment  for  life.  He  appears,  however,  says  Mr.  Cooper 
in  Athenae  Cantabrigienses,  i.  53,  to  have  been  allowed  to  retain 
his  liberty ;  and  it  would  seem  from  the  document  now  before 
us,  that  entire  execution  of  the  sentence  of  forfeiture  .did  not 
take  place  immediately. 

The  Record  Office  paper  must  be  a  fair  copy  of  the  original 
made  subsequently  to  the  date  of  the  inventories,  for  it  is  headed 
"  John  Fisher,  Cardinal,"  and  it  was  not  until  May  20  or  21, 
1535,  that  he  was  created  a  cardinal  by  the  title  of  Saint  Vitalis, 
just  one  month  before  his  decapitation  on  Tower  Hill,  June  22nd 
of  that  year. 

The  following  is  the  extended  text  of  the  inventories.  The 
meanness  of  the  personal  effects  of  this  excellent  prelate  sufficiently 
corresponds  with  his  known  frugality  and  simplicity  of  life. 

[On  the  cover  in  a  modern  hand.] 

Palatium  >  26  Hen.  VIII. 

RofFen.    >  Inventory  of  the  goods  of  the  Bishop  of  Rochester. 


John  Fissber  Cardinal. 

Palac'm  )  An  Inuentory  taken  and  made  the  xxvijth  daye  of 
Roffen.  }  Apriell  in  the  xxvjtl*  yere  of  the  reigne  of  our  sovereigns 
lord  king  Henry  the  viijth  of  all  suche  goodes  and  implementes 
of  Housholde  of  the  Busshopp  of  Rochester's  beyng  and  Re- 
maynyng  in  the  sayde  house  to  th'  use  of  our  sovereigne  lord  the 
king  as  hereafter  more  playnlye  shall  appere. 

That  ys  to  say 

In  his  ounebedd  chamber. 

Furst  a  bedsted  with  an  olde  materas  theron. 

Item  a  Counterpoynt  lyned  with  Canuas  which  counterpoint  ys  of  Redd  clothe. 

Item  a  Ceter*  and  a  Tester  of  olde  Redde  velueyt,  lytell  worthe. 

Item  a  Cheyere  of  Lether  and  a  Cusshyn  in  yt. 

Item  an  Aulter  withe  a  hangyng  of  white  &  grene  saten  of  brydgies  with  our 

Lord  embrowdred  on  the  same. 
Item  ij  Curteyns  of  Blewe  sarceneyt. 
Item  a  Cubborde  with  a  clothe  vppon  the  same. 
Item  a  litle  cheyer  kovereyed  with  lether  &  a  cusshyne  in  the  same. 

*  Query  an  error  for  Celor,  a  ceiling,  i.e.  a  wooden  top  to  the  bed  to  which  the 
velvet  tester  was  attached. 


April  11.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  297 

Item  a  Closse  Stole  and  an  olde  Cusshyn  vppon  yt. 
Item  an  Aundyron  a  Fyere  panne  and  a  Fire  shovell. 

In  the  great  Study  within  the  same  chamber. 

Furst  a  long  spruce  tabyll  with  trestell. 

Item  a  lytle  playne  table  with  a  Trestell. 

Item  iij  lether  chayers. 

Item  ij  cusshyons. 

Item  a  payre  of  Tonges  ij  Aundyrons. 

Item  a  Fyere  Forkke. 

Item  viij  Rounde  deskes  ij  great  Tables  with  dyvers  shelffes  to  ley  on  bokes. 

In  the  Northe  Study e. 

Item  dyvers  glasses  with  waters  and  syroppys  and  certeyne  boxes  of  marmalad 

which  was  delyuered  to  my  lorde  of  Rochester  servante. 
Item  a  Table  and  iiij  Rounde  deskes  with  dyvers  shelves  to  lay  on  bokes. 

In  the  Southe  Galorye. 

Item  1  glasses  of  dyvers  Sortes  with  viij  olde  litle  curteyns  of  grene  and  Redda 
saye. 

<Jn  the  chappell  in  thende  of  the  Sowth  Galory. 

Item  a  Cusshion  in  the  Sete  of  the  chappell  with  all  the  alter  clothes,  and  certeyin* 

other  stuff  left  ther  as  ij  peces  of  old  velueyt  with  a  superaltare. 
Item  iij  Imagies  gylte  with  a  Crucifyxe. 

In  the  brode  galary. 

Furst  old  hanginge  of  grene  Saye. 

Item  dyverse  old  Carpettes  of  Tapesterye  work  set  under  the  sayde  (sic)  boke. 

Item  an  alter  clothe  paynted  with  grene  velueyt  and  yelow  damaske. 

Item  a  saint  Johnes  hedde*  standing  at  thende  of  the  altere. 

Item  a  boke  pontificall  lying  vnder  the  same  saint  Johnes  hedde". 

Item  a  paynted  clothe  of  the  Image  of  Jesus  taken  from  the  crosse. 

Item  ij  curteyns  of  old  sarcenet. 

Item  in  the  Stewe  f  a  counter  and  a  cheyre. 

In  the  olde  galary. 

Item  certyne  olde  bokes  perteynyng  to  diverse  monasteries. 

In  the  warderobe. 

Item  a  kyrtell  of  StamnellJ  single. 

Item  a  Spanyshe  blankett. 

Item  ij  payre  of  course  blauckettes. 

Item  a  Lymbecke§  to  stille  Aqua  vite  with  diverse  olde  trashe. 

Item  a  Trussing  bedstedd. 

Item  a  paire  of  -Shettes. 

Item  vj  bordes  ij  paire  of  tristellys. 

In  the  lytle  Study  beside  the  warderobe. 

Item  dyuerse  glasses  and  boxes  with  Syropys,  sugar,  stilled  waters,  and  other 
certayne  trasshe  sent  and  delyuered  to  my  Lorde. 

In  the  great  chappell  within  the  same. 

First  the  alter  hanged  withe  whyte  sarceneit  with  crosses  of  Redde  Sarcenit  vppoii 
the  same  and  vrider  the  same  two  hanginge  of  yelow  Saten  of  bridges  and 
blewe  damaske. 

*  A  picture  or  carving  of  the  Baptist's  head  in  a  charger. 

f  A  bath  and  hence  a  small  closet.  Russell's  Bolte  of  Nurture,  Early  Ens. 
Text.  Soc.  vol.  32,  p.  152. 

J  Fine  worsted.  French  Estame.  "  In  sommer  vse  to  were  a  scarlet  petycote 
made  of  stamellor  lynse  wolse."  Andr.  Borde,  Early  English  Text  Soc.,  vol.32, 
p.  248. 

§  An  alembic,  vide  Shakespeare,  Macbeth,  act.  i.  scene  TIL 


298  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

Item  viij  Images  gilte  vppon  the  same  Alter. 

Item  ij  Candelstykes  of  Laton. 

Item  a  dyaper  clothe  vppon  the  same  Alter. 

Item  a  hanging  over  the  same  Alter. 

Item  a  pixe  to  putt  the  Sacrament  in  with  a  clothe  hanging  over  the  same  gar- 

nysshed  with  golde,  with  tasselles  of  Redde  Sylke  and  golde. 
Item  at  the  endes  of  the  same  Alter  ij  Curteyns  of  Redde  sarceneyt. 
Item  vppon  the  deske  where  he  syttyth  in  the  same  chappell  ij  peces  of  Tapisterie 

wl  ij  cusshions  koueryd  with  dornexe. 
Item  a  Masse  hoke. 

Item  an  olde  Carpeit  vppon  the  grounde  before  the  same  Alter. 
Item  the  hanginges  of  the  said  chappell  be  of  Redd  say  paynted. 
Item  an  alter  ben'eth  (sic)  in  the  same  chappell  hanged  with  old  dornexe  and  a 

paynted  clothe  of  the  thre  kinges  of  Coleyn. 
Item  v  other  Imagies  of  Tymber. 
Item  a  Table  of  Domesdaye. 
Item  a  Crucifixe  with  the  Imagies  of  the  Father  and  the  holy  goste. 

In  the  litle  chamber  nexte  the  same  chappell. 
Item  the  hanginge  ther  of  olde  paynted  clothes. 
Item  a  great  loking  glosse  broken. 
Item  an  olde  Foldyng  bedde  with  cordes. 

In  the  great  chamber  next  the  same. 
Item  a  long  table  and  ij  Trestellys. 

Item  a  Copborde  and  a  yoyened  (queer e  forjoynecT)  bedsted. 
Item  a  lytle  bedde  vnder  the  same  wherin  ys  an  olde  materas  (ij  bolsters)  a  lytle 

olde  Fetherbedde  and  one  olde  blanckett. 
Item  in  the  Chymney  one  Aundeyron. 

In  the  olde  dynyng  chamber. 
Item  ij  chayers  of  lether. 
Item  a  nother  cheyre  of  black  velueyt. 
Item  a  Long  table  with  Tristelles. 
Item  a  copborde. 

Item  a  nother  copborde  of  waynscott. 
Item  ij  carpettes  in  the  wyndowys. 
Item  ij  Joyened  Formes. 

In  the  halle. 

The  same  halle  hanged  with  olde  Arras. 
Item  ij  Tables  iiij  Formes  vj  trestelles. 

In  the  parlor. 

First  the  said  parlor  hanged  w1  grene  verder  verye  olde  conteynyng  v  peces. 
Item  a  Table  ij  trestelles  and  iij  Formes. 
Item  a  Carpeit  verie  old  lying  in  the  wyndow. 
Item  a  joyened  bedsted. 
Item  a  Turned  bedstede  and  ther  vpon  a  litle  Fetherbedde  (a  bolster)  ij  lytle 

coverleites. 
Item  ij  chayres. 

In  the  chamber  nexte  the  same. 
A  chest  with  certeyne  olde  Euydences  with  certeyne  old  accomptes. 

In  the  clerk  of  the  kytchyns  chamber. 
A  Joyened  beddsted  with  a  Matares  theron. 
Item  a  great  chaire. 

In  William  Smadles  chamber. 

Item  a  Materas  a  bason  of  Tynne  and  a  nother  of  Laton. 
Item  an  Instrument  to  hei'ght  a  bedde  with. 
Item  iij  dyshes  with  shelffes  and  other  trasshe. 

In  Maister  Wilson's  chamber. 
Item  a  Fetherbedde. 


April  11.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  299 

In  the  Brewhous. 

Item  Vesselles  to  brew  with  of  all  sortes  and  kyndes. 
In  the  Cookes  chamber. 
A  Fetherbedde  and  a  bolster. 

In  the  keching. 
Item  iij  brasse  pottes. 
Item  vj  Spyttes. 
Item  ij  ffrying  pannes. 
Item  ij  grydyrons. 
letm  ij  great  aundyrons  for  spittes. 
Item  a  Colebran. 

Item  ij  Trevyttes  and  a  great  panne. 
Item  xvj  platters  of  pewter. 
Item  a  dreping  panne. 
Item  ij  Aundyrons. 
Item  viij  dishes  and  vij  sawssers. 
Item  iij  chaffing  dishes. 
Item  a  Candlestyke. 

Item  a  lytle  brasvn  Morter  with  a  pestell. 
Item  a  chafer  with  a  colender. 

In  the  entre  besides  the  kechyn. 
Item  a  Beame  balaunce  and  thre  half  hundrethes. 


Fo.  5  b. 

The  Manor  of  \  An  Inuentorye  made  and  taken  the  xxvij  daye  of  Apriell  in 
Hawlyng  in  f  the  xxvjth  yere  of  the  reigne  of  our  souereigne  Lord  king 
the  countie  f  Henry  the  viijth  As  well  of  all  and  singuler  implemented 
of  Kent.  )  of  householde  as  of  other  Mouables  and  goodes  remanyyng 

there  to  the  kinges  vse  as  hereafter  ensuythe. 

viz. 

In  the  Brewhouse. 
First  a  paire  of  querne  stones. 
Item  a  ffurneys. 

Item  a  Leade  and  a  nother  olde  leade  for  a  Furnes. 
Item  a  Brewing  ketell. 
Item  ij  Brewing  Tonnes  with  a  Masshing  Toobe. 

In  his  dynyng  chamber  nexte  vnto  the  great  chamber. 

Furst  iij  Tables  and  ij  paire  of  trestellys. 
Item  a  Litle  copbourde. 
Item  a  cheyre.  .« 

In  the  Stewardes  Chamber. 

Memorandum  ther  ys  xviij  saintes  stondyng  on  lytle  walles  within  the  chappell 
which  there  still  remaynythe. 

In  the  lytle  chamber  next  the  chapell. 

Item  a  bedstedde  a  deske  with  diverse  other  implementes  all  which  remayneth 
stylle.   And  so  doith  all  other  bedstedes  and  deskes  in  every  other  chambers. 

T.  McKENNY  HUGHES,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited — 

1.  Specimens  of  Crag  Fossils,  viz.,  sharks'  teeth  with  perfora- 
tions  which   had  been   alleged   to   be    due  to   human  agency. 
With  reference  to  certain  paragraphs  in  the  newspapers  on  this 
subject,  Mr.  Hughes  expressed  his  conviction  that  the  holes  in 
question  were  due  to  natural  causes. 

2.  A  Loadstone  found  in  the  bed  of  a  torrent  near  Cor  wen, 


300  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

North  Wales.  This  was  a  cubical  piece  of  loadstone,  mounted 
with  iron  poles  and  brass  fittings,  forming  a  natural  magnet. 
The  brass  work  was  probably  not  later  than  the  seventeenth 
century. 

Sir  HENRY  DRYDEN,  Bart,  exhibited — 

1.  A  Celt  of  greenstone,  found  at  King's  Button,  Northampton- 
shire, on  what  had  been,  first,  a  British,  and  subsequently  a 
Roman  station.    This  celt  was  originally  the  property  of  Mr. 
Baker,  the   historian    of  Northamptonshire,  and   at  his  death 
came  into  the  possession  of  the  exhibitor.     Mr.  Evans  had  con- 
tended, as  Sir  Henry  Dryden  observed,  that  this  implement  must 
have  come  from  the  West  Indies. 

Mr;  McKenny  Hughes  remarked  that,  although  Mr.  Evans's 
statement  was  probably  true,  yet  that  the  celt  exhibited  resembled 
so  closely  in  colour  some  of  the  serpentine  rocks  in  the  south  of 
England,  that  he  did  not  consider  it  absolutely  impossible  but 
that  it  might  be  of  English  origin,  as  the  circumstances  of  the 
find  assuredly  indicated. 

2.  A  bronze  Spearhead  found  in  Ireland,  with  flanges  twisted, 
so  as  to  facilitate  rotation,  a  circumstance  believed  to  be  very 
unusual  with  bronze  spearheads. 

3.  A  large  collection  of  drawings  and  plans  of  Megalithic 
Remains  in  Brittany,  made  daring  the  summers  of  1867 — 1869, 
by  Sir  Henry  Dryden,  Bart  and  the  Rev.  W.  C.  Lukis.  F.S.A. 

Sir  H.  Dryden  entered  into  some  explanation  of  the  principles 
on  which  the  drawings  had  been  executed,  and  stated  at  some 
length  a  few  of  the  results  to  which  he  had  been  led  with  reference 
to  the  history  and  construction  of  the  dolmens. 

It  is  hoped  that  these  primitive  structures  will  form  the  subject 
of  a  communication  from  Mr.  Lukis  to  the  Society ;  the  plans 
exhibited  this  evening  will  afford  the  materials  for  the  necessary 
illustration  of  such  a  paper. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  communications. 


Thursday,  April  18th,  1872. 
C.  S.  PERCEVAL,  Esq.  LL.D.  Director,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  the   Yorkshire   Archaeological  and   Topographical  Association  : — Their 
Journal.     Part  6  [not  previously  presented.]     8vo.    London,  1871. 

From  the  Author  : — The  History  and  Topography  of  the  Parish  of  Kirkburton, 


April  18.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  301 

and  of  the  Graveship  of  Holme,  including  Holmfirth,  in  the  county  of  York. 

By  Henry  James  Morehouse.     4to.     Huddersfield,  1861. 
From    the   Author: — The   Anthropological   Institute.      President's  Address. 

Anniversary  Meeting.     January  15th,  1872.     By  Sir  John  Lubbock,  Bart. 

M.P.     8vo. 
From   the  Editor,  Llewellyn  Jewitt,  Esq.  F.S.A. :— The    Reliquary.      No.  48. 

Vol.  XII.     April.     8vo.     London,  1872. 

From  the  London  Institution  :—  Their  Journal.     No.  14,  Vol.  2.     8vo.     Lon- 
don, 1872. 
From  the  Author : — The  Moabite  Stone.     A  Lecture  by  Samuel  Sharp,  F.S.A. 

[Printed  for  private  circulation.]     8vo.     Northampton,  1872. 

From  the  Royal  Asiatic  Society  :— The  Journal.    New  Series.  Vol.  V.,  Part  2. 
8vo.     London,  1871. 

John  de  Havilland,  Esq  was  admitted  a  Fellow. 

W.  H.  HART,  Esq.  F.S  A.  exhibited  a  collection  of  twenty- 
six  volumes,  containing  transcripts  of  the  whole  of  the  Cartulary 
of  St.  Peter's  Monastery,  Gloucester,  selections  from  which 
volume  (the  Chronicle)  have  been  printed  under  Mr.  Hart's 
supervision  in  the  Rolls  series. 

M.  H.  BLOXAM,  Esq.  F.S  A.  Local  Secretary  for  Warwick- 
shire, exhibited  a  Bottle  of  rude  manufacture,  and  other  antiquities 
from  Warwickshire,  which  he  thus  described  : — 

"  1.  The  glass  bottle  now  exhibited  was  found  a  few  weeks  ago 
by  Mr.  W.  Bezant  Lowe,  a  young  gentleman  of  Rugby  School, 
with  the  neck  downwards,  protruding  from  one  of  the  banks  of 
the  river  Avon,  four  feet  below  the  surface,  imbedded  in  the 
gravel,  about  200  yards  from  the  site  of  Lawford  Hall,  an  old 
mansion  of  the  Bo  ugh  ton  family,  which  was  pulled  down,  on 
account  of  a  cause  celebre,  between  the  year  1785 — 1790. 
During  the  winter  the  floods  had  apparently  washed  away  a 
portion  of  the  bank  leaving  the  bottle  partially  exposed. 

a  Connected  with  Lawford  Hall,  which  was  two  miles  from 
Rugby,  Warwickshire,  was  one  of  the  Warwickshire  legends, 
of,  I  think,  no  great  antiquity,  as  the  first  writer  who  alludes  to 
it  is  Ireland  in  his  '  Warwickshire  Avon,'  published  in  1795. 
In  this  work  he  says : — 

"  '  In  Lawford  hall,  I  am  told,  a  room  was  preserved  as  the 
bedchamber  of  an  ancestor  of  the  family,  who,  in  the  time  of 
Elizabeth,  having  lost  an  arm,  went  afterwards  by  the  appella- 
tion of  one-handed  Boughton.  After  his  death  the  room  was 
reported  to  be  haunted,  and  as  such  many  attempts  were  made 
to  sleep  in  it,  but  in  vain  ;  and  such  is  the  credulity  of  the  lower 
people,  that  it  was  with  difficulty  any  labourer  could  be  pre- 
vailed on  to  assist  in  pulling  it  down.  The  ghost  of  this  one- 
htinded  gentleman,  I  was  told,  by  persons  on  the  spot,  had  been 


302  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

frequently  seen  by  their  fathers  riding  across  the  neighbouring 
grounds  in  a  coach  and  six.  With  the  same  air  of  confidence  I 
was  informed  that  within  the  present  century  his  perturbed 
spirit  had  been  laid  by  a  numerous  body  of  the  clergy,  who  con- 
jured it  into  a  phial,  and  threw  it  into  a  marie-pit  opposite  the 
house.  Nor  does  the  family  seem  to  have  been  exempt  from  a 
similar  superstition  and  belief  in  ghosts,  for  it  is  told  of  the  late 
Sir  Theodosius's  father,  that,  being  visited  by  his  neighour,  the 
late  Sir  Francis  Skipwith,  and  walking  together  near  the  marie- 
pit,  Sir  Francis  observed  that  he  thought  there  must  be  many 
fish  in  that  pond,  and  that  he  should  be  glad  to  try  it ;  to  which 
Sir  Theodosius's  father  gravely  replied,  u  No;  that  I  cannot  con- 
sent to,  for  the  spirit  of  my  ancestor,  the  one-handed  Boughton, 
lies  there." 

"  Haifa  century  ago  or  more  the  marie-pit  alluded  to  by  Ire- 
land, and  which  was  in  a  field  near  the  site  of  and  about  200  yards 
eastward  of  Lawford  Hall,  was  cleaned,  and  a  bottle  similar  in 
shape  to  that  now  exhibited  was  found.  This  was  at  once  sup- 
posed to  be  the  bottle  in  which  the  spirit  of  the  one-handed 
Boughton  was  laid,  and  excited  much  attention,  as  the  story  of 
the  one-handed  Boughton  was  implicitly  believed  in. 

"  Of  the  supposed  laying  of  the  ghost  I  had  an  account  from 
the  lips  of  an  old  man,  Mr.  John  Wolf,  formerly  my  tenant,  who 
died  about  four  years  ago,  aged  97  or  upwards.  He  was  born 
within  a  mile  of  Lawford  Hall,  arid  in  his  boyhood  used  fre- 
quently to  go  there,  and  well  remembered  the  legend,  in  which 
he  firmly  believed.  Amongst  other  stories  he  told  me  was  one 
relating  to  the  laying  of  the  ghost.  *  There  were,'  said  he, 
'  twelve  parsons  to  lay  the  ghost ;  he  was  to  have  two  hours 
every  night  during  which  his  spirit  might  wander  about;  all 
their  lights  went  out  but  Parson  Hall's,  and  Parson  Hall  laid 
the  ghost.' 

"  Parson  Hall  was  rector  of  the  adjoining  parish  of  Great 
Harborou^h  from  1754  to  1755,  and  I  hardly  think  this  bottle  is 
of  earlier  date  than  the  early  half  of  the  eighteenth  century. 
Could  it  have  been  connected  with  an  earlier  reputed  laying  of 
the  ghost,  or  could  this  have  been  the  bottle  in  which  Captain 
Donellan  distilled  the  poisonous  laurel  water,  and  afterwards 
concealed  it? 

"The  bloody  hand  of  Ulster  has  been  productive  of  more  than 
one  legend,  and  a  story  very  similar  to  that  of  the  one-handed 
Boughton  is  told  of  a  ruined  mansion  in  Suffolk  close  to 
Thetford. 

"  2.  At  Cave's  Inn,  on  the  Watling  Street,  in  the  parish  of 
Churchover,  Warwickshire,  about  3J  miles  fram  Rugby,  several 
Roman  antiquities  have  been  discovered.  This  place  1  consider 


April  18.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  303 

to  have  been  the  site  of  the  Roman  station  Tripontium,  not- 
withstanding most  commentators  have  fixed  that  station  at 
Lilbourn.  Amongst  the  antiquities  from  Cave's  Inn  are  the 
following  objects,  viz.,  a  piece  of  flat  semi-opaque  glass  of  a 
greenish  hue,  a  small  bronze  stylus ,  a  bronze  fibula  of  the 
Roman  pattern,  a  spindle-whorl  of  stone,  part  of  a  bronze  ring, 
a  denarius,  a  bone  counter,  and  three  small  rings  of  brass. 

u  3.  Near  Peterhall,  formerly  the  old  church  of  Smite,  belong- 
ing to  Combe  Abbey,  about  six  miles  from  Rugby,  the  two 
steelyard  weights  of  brass  and  lead  representing  human  heads 
were  found. 

"  At  Princethorpe,  Warwickshire,  on  the  Foss  Road,  about 
seven  miles  from  Rugby,  both  Roman  and  Anglo-Saxon  remains 
have  been  found.  Of  the  former  a  bull's  head  and  key  of  brass, 
and  a  denarius ;  of  the  latter  a  brass  fibula  and  iron  chisel. 

"4.  At  Mkrton,  Warwickshire,  adjoining  Princethorpe,  a  tu- 
mulus was  cut  through  in  making  the  Rugby  and  Leamington 
railway.  This  proved  to  be  an  Anglo-Saxon  burial-mound. 
Several  urns,  Anglo-Saxon,  were  here  found,  and  amongst  other 
relics  were  a  scyphate  and  a  circular  fibula,  and  the  acus  or 
pin  of  another,  all  of  mixed  metal.  Some  of  these  objects  are 
now  exhibited. 

"5.  At  Brownsover,  Warwickshire,  about  two-  miles  from 
Rugby,  was  found  the  small  brass  dag  or  pistol,  a  boy's  toy  of 
the  reign  of  Elizabeth. 

"6.  In  clearing  out  the  river  at  Coventry  the  two  long-necked 
spurs,  of  the  time  of  King  Henry  VI.,  and  an  anelace  of  the 
same  period  were,  with  other  remains,  found. 

"7.  At  Brailes,  Warwickshire,  an  ancient  misericorde  or 
dagger,  of  the  late  15th  or  early  16th  century,  was  found  in 
clearing  out  a  ditch.  This  was  not  far  from  an  ancient  man- 
sion, Compton  Wyniate,  belonging  to  the  Marquis  of  North- 
ampton. 

"  8.  A  small  brass  shield,  fourteenth  century,  charged  with 
three  lions  passant,  probably  affixed  to  something  as  an  orna- 
ment. Found  in  the  churchyard  at  Wyke,  Worcestershire." 

JOHN  GOUGH  NICHOLS,  Esq.  F.S. A.  exhibited  an  heraldic  Tile, 
in  illustration  of  which  he  read  the  following  remarks  :— 

"  I  am  enabled,  by  favour  of  John  Nock  Bagnell,  Esq.  of  West 
Bromwich,  and  of  Gr.  V.  H.  Harrison,  Esq.  Windsor  Herald, 
to  exhibit  to  the  Society  an  early  armorial  tile  which  has  been 
lately  found  within  the  church  of  West  Bromwich,  in  Stafford- 
shire, at  the  depth  of  nearly  two  feet  below  the  floor.  It  was 
evidently  intended  to  present  the  well-known  coat  of  Basset, 
three  piles  and  a  canton  ermine ;  but  the  canton  appears  on  the 


304  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

sinister  side  of  the  shield,  which  may  probably  be  attributed  to 
the  accidental  oversight  of  the  designer  in  cutting  his  stamp.* 

"  It  will  be  remembered  that  the  varieties  of  the  coat  of  Basset 
form  the  principal  example  of  differencing  set  forth  by  William 
Wyrley,  Rouge  Croix,  in  his  essay  on  The  True  Use  of  Armorie, 
1592,  and  followed  by  Sir  William  Dugdale  in  his  Ancient 
Use  of  Bearing  Arms,  1681. 

"  Altogether  those  varieties  are  thirteen  in  number. 

"  The  original  coat  of  Basset  had  been  simply  undfe,  which 
some  of  the  descendants  retained ;  but  Richard  Basset  (temp. 
Hen.  III.)  having  married  Maude,  daughter  and.  heir  of  Sir 
Geoffrey  Ridell,  her  sons  took  the  arms  of  Ridell,  which  were, 
Or,  three  pales  gules ;  Geoffrey,  the  eldest,  differencing  that 
coat  by  a  bend  azure  ;  Richard,  the  second,  by  a  bordure  azure 
charged  with  bezants ;  Ralph,  the  third,  by  a  canton  ermine, 
or,  as  Wyrley  terms  it,  "a  quarter  of  Bretagne."  This  was  for 
many  generations  the  coat  of  the  family  of  Basset  residing  at 
Drayton,  in  Staffordshire. 

"  Another  branch,  seated  in  Warwickshire,  retained  the  same 
arrangement,  but  varied  the  tincture  of  the  pales  into  sable. 

"  Others  differenced  the  canton, — one  by  making  it  vaird  or 
undde,  like  the  old  coat  of  Basset ;  another,  Argent,  charged  with 
a  sable  griffin ;  another,  Argent,  charged  with  a  cross  patee 
sable. 

u  It  is  to  be  remarked  that  while  Wyrley  terms  the  charges 
pales,  Dugdale  has  altered  that  term  to  piles,  whilst  both  in 
their  figures  represent  them  as  piles.  The  obvious  conclusion  is 
that  what  was  originally  paly  upon  a  banner  became  three  piles 
upon  a  shield ;  and  the  blazon  of  the  ancient  Rolls  of  Arms  en- 
tirely supports  this  conclusion. f  It  is  further  shown  by  the 

*  I  have  now  ascertained  that  this  is  one  of  a  set  of  Armorial  Tiles,  several 
others  of  which  are  affected  by  the  same  mistake.  See  the  Tiles  represented  in 
Fox's  History  of  Morley  Church,  co.  Derby,  1872,  plate  xii.  where  the  coat  of 
Zouche,  with  an  ermine  canton,  is  reversed  ;  also,  that  of  Mawley,  a  bend  charged 
with  three  eaglets  ;  a  shield  of  Aruudel  and  Warren  quarterly,  within  a  bordure 
engrailed  (for  Archbishop  Arundel,  1396 — 1413)  ;  and  one  of  Roos  and  Manners 
quarterly.  Some  others,  also  reversed,  occurring  in  the  church  at  Melton  Mow- 
bray,  are  engraved  in  Nichols's  History  of  Leicestershire,  vol.  ii.  plate  xlvi. 
(J.  G.  N.  Jan.  17,  1873.) 

f  Rauff  de  Bassett  d'or  a  trois  peles  de  gules  ung  quartre  do-  ermyns:  Roll  of 
Henry  III.  edit.  Nicolas,  p.  12. 

Rauff  Bassett  palee  d'or  et  gulez  in  un  cantell  d'argent  un  crois  patee  sable. 
Roll  MS.  Harl.  6589,  edit.  Walford,  No.  131. 

Rauff  Basset  port  paale  de  goules  et  d'or  ove  une  quarter  d'ermyn.  Grimaldi's 
Roll,  Coll.  Topogr.  et  Geneal.  ii.  326. 

Rauf  Bassett  de  Drayton  1'escu  palee  de  or  et  de  gales  od  le  quarter  ermine. 
Roll  in  Cotton  Charters. 

Mons.  Rauff  Basset  le  filz  porte  d'or  ove  trois  poyns  (i.e.  points)  de  goules  ove 
un  quarter  d'ermyn.  ove  un  labell  d'azur.  Roll  of  Dunstable  Tournament 
7  Edw.  in.  Collect.  Top.  et  Geneal.  iv.  392. 


April  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  305 

stained  glass  formerly  in  the  church  of  Dray  ton  Basset ;  as 
engraved  in  Shaw's  History  of  Staffordshire,  vol.  ii.  plate  iii. 
where  a  knight  (probably  temp.  Edw.  I.)  is  delineated  with  his 
banner  and  surcoat  paly,  whilst  in  numerous  shields  the  same 
change  takes  the  form  of  three  piles. 

"  I  may  take  this  opportunity  to  point  out  a  clerical  error  in  all 
the  copies  of  the  Eoll  of  Arms  temp.  Edward  II.  as  hitherto 
printed,  and  which,  though  palpable,  as  yet  has  passed  un- 
noticed. It  is  that  the  arms  of  Basset  are  in  one  instance  mis- 
assigned  to  the  name  of  Clinton  ;  the  first  two  names  being — 

u  *  Sire  Johan  de  Clinton,  de  or,  a  iij  peuz-de  azure,  e  un  quarter 
de  ermyne, 

" '  Sire  Roger  Basset,  de  or,  a  iij  peuz  de  sable,  a  un  quartier  de 
ermyne  ;' 

the  names  which  follow  being  Sir  Johan  de  Clintone  and  Sire 
Johan  de  Clinton  de  Madestoke  with  the  proper  arms  of  Clinton. 
It  is  obvious  that  the  knight  first  named  in  the  list  was  a  Basset, 
not  a  Clinton." 

H.  C.  COOTE,  Esq.  F.S.A.  communicated  a  paper  entitled  "  A 
Test  of  certain  Centurial  Stones,"  which  will  appear  in  the 
Archseologia. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  communications. 


ANNIVERSARY. 

Tuesday,  April  23,  1872. 

C.  S.   PERCEVAL,  Esq.  LL.D.  Director,   and   subsequently 
EARL  STANHOPE,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

The  Rev.  William  Cooke  and  Talbot  Bury,  Esq.  were  nomi- 
nated by  the  Chairman  and  appointed  Scrutators  of  the  Balloting 
List. 

During  the  Ballot  the  following  Address  was  delivered  by  the 
President : — 

GENTLEMEN, 

From  the  day  of  your  last  Anniversary  when,  as  now,  I 
had  the  honor  of  addressing  you,  until  the  5th  of  April  in  this 
year,  the  Society  has  sustained  the  following  losses : — 

VOL.  V.  X 


306 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

Deaths. 
Edwin  Richard,  Earl  of  Dunraven  and  Mount  Earl,  K.P. 

F.R.S. 

Charles  Faulkner,  Esq. 
*James  Stewart  Forbes,  Esq. 
*The  Kev.  David  James,  Ph.D.  M.A. 

Thomas  William  King,  Esq.  York  Herald. 

The  Kev.  Thomas  Bayley  Levy. 
*William,  Earl  of  Lonsdale,  F.R.S. 

Frederic  Corbiii  Lukis,  Esq. 

The  Rev.  Wharton  Booth  Marriott,  M.A. 

Richard  Meeson,  Esq. 

Sir  Francis  Graham  Moon,  Bart. 

Julius  Alexander  Pearson,  Esq.  LL.D. 
•Sir  Thomas  Phillipps,  Bart,  M.A.  F.R.S. 

William  Pinkerton,  Esq. 

The  Rev.  Henry  Smith,  M.A. 
*  Richard  Bryan  Smith,  Esq. 

Samuel  Tymms,  Esq. 
*Charles  Tyrell,  Esq. 

EDWIN  RICHARD  WYNDHAM  WINDHAM  QUIN,  third  Earl  of 
Dunraven  and  Mount  Earl,  was  born  on  the  19th  of  May,  1812, 
and  died  on  the  6th  October,  1871.     He  was  elected  a  Fellow 
of  this  Society  on  the  6th  April,  1865,  and  in  the  year  1  5b7 
he  became  a  Member  of  our  Council.     Lord  Dunraven  s  con- 
tributions to  our  Proceedings  were  very  few,  and  of  no  great 
importance.!     But  this  circumstance   would  form   a   very  in- 
adequate measure  of  the  loss  which  archaeology  has  sustained 
by  his  decease.     For  in  Ireland,  with  which  he  was  by  birth 
and   property   more   intimately   connected,  abounding  as  that 
country   does  in  archseological    problems   and    remains  of  the 
deepest  interest,   Lord  Dunraven   laboured  diligently,  in  con- 
junction with  his  distinguished  friend  Dr.  Petrie,  to  lay  the 
foundations  of  a  sound  school  of  archaeology,  and  to  promote 
the  publication  of  works  and  the  efforts  of  Societies  directed 
towards  the   elucidation   of  the   antiquities  and   early  history 
of  the  sister   island.      After   the   death   of  Dr.  Petrie,  which 
took   place   in  1866,  Lord  Dunraven  conceived  the  design  ot 
completing  the  work  which  that  distinguished  Antiquary  had 
left  unfinished— I  mean  the  History  of  the  Ancient  Ecclesias- 
tical Architecture  of  Ireland.     During  four  years  he  devoted 
himself  to  this  task  with  an  energy  which  it  is  scarcely  too  much 

*  Fellows  who  had  compounded  for  their  subscriptions, 
f  Proceedings,  2  S.  iii.  31,  357. 


April  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  307 

to  say  hastened  his  decease.  He  travelled  through  Ireland, 
obtaining  photographs  of  all  the  principal  ruins,  making  measure- 
ments and  ground  plans  and  collecting  materials  for  a  descriptive 
letterpress  to  accompany  the  plates.  On  this  subject,  however, 
it  is  needless  for  me  to  enlarge.  It  is  only  as  recently  as  the 
7th  of  last  month  that  you  were  afforded  the  privilege  of  seeing 
with  your  own  eyes  some  of  the  results  achieved  by  this  truly 
zealous  antiquary.  On  the  evening  of  that  day  nearly  300 
photographs,  so  taken,  were  exhibited  in  this  room,  and  must, 
as  then  beheld  by  you,  have  added  keenness  to  our  regret  that 
a  work  so  auspiciously  begun  should  have  been  interrupted  by 
the  untimely  decease  of  its  lamented  author.  It  will  however 
have  been  a  satisfaction  to  you  to  learn,  as  you  did  on  the  same 
evening,  that  while  on  the  one  hand  no  expense  will  be  spared 
by  the  present  Earl  of  Dunraven  to  carry  out  his  father's  design 
to  completion J  on  the  other  hand  the  task  of  so  completing  it 
has  devolved  upon  one  who  is  eminently  qualified,  by  all  that 
culture  and  learning  can  supply,  to  bring  the  work  to  a  success- 
ful issue.  The  paper  which  was  read  on  the  evening  to  which 
I  have  already  referred  in  illustration  of  these  photographs,  from 
the  pen  of  Miss  Stokes,  showed  a  grasp  and  an  appreciation  of 
the  subject  from  which  we  may  augur  the  happiest  results,  and 
I  am  glad  to  be  able  to  inform  you  that  a  well-known  London 
firm  of  publishers  have  undertaken  the  work,  and  that  steps 
are  now  being  taken  to  execute  the  plates,  and  to  complete  the 
letterpress,  within  a  time  as  short  as  is  compatible  with  the  care- 
ful elaboration  of  a  scheme  of  no  mean  magnitude.  I  am  sure 
you  will  join  with  me  in  offering  our  thanks,  011  behalf  of 
Archeology,  to  the  present  Earl  of  Dunraven  for  the  public 
spirit  as  well  as  filial  feeling  in  which  he  is  giving  effect  to  his 
father's  wishes,  and  to  Miss  Stokes  the  assurance  of  our  earnest 
hope  that  she  may  bring  to  a  successful  issue  the  arduous  task 
which  she  has  auspiciously  begun.  No  better  or  worthier  me- 
morial could  be  set  up  in  honour  of  our  lamented  Fellow  than 
the  completion  of  a  work  to  which  he  had  devoted  so  much 
energy  and  zeal. 

CHARLES  FAULKNER,  Esq.  was  elected  a  Fellow  on  the  21st 
January,  1858,  and  died  on  the  llth  September,  1871.  Being 
a  resident  in  the  country,  his  attendance  at  our  meetings  was 
not  as  frequent  as  we  could  have  wished,  but  he  always  mani- 
fested the  warmest  interest  in  our  proceedings,  and  felt  a  pride 
in  being  enrolled  on  our  list  of  Fellows.  On  the  rare  occasions 
when  he  was  enabled  to  visit  us,  he  almost  always  brought  with 
him  objects  of  interest  for  exhibition,  as  will  be  seen  from  the 

x2 


308  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

note  which  I  subjoin,*  and  in  this  manner  testified  his  desire  to 
promote  the  objects  of  the  Society. 

THOMAS  WILLIAM  KING,  Esq.,  York  Herald,  was  elected  a  Fel- 
low as  far  back  as  January  14th,  1836,  and  died  in  the  month 
of  February  of  the  present  year.  His  first  contribution  to  the 
Archaeologia  will  be  found  in  vol.  xxix.  pp.  407-413,  under  the 
title  of  "  Observations  on  the  Coats  of  Arms  appropriated  to 
the  Welsh  Princes."  The  object  of  this  paper  is  to  show  that 
the  origin  of  the  three  lions  "  passant  reguardant  "  on  the  seals 
of  Edward,  the  son  of  King  Edward  the  Fourth,  and  of  Arthur, 
son  of  King  Henry  the  Seventh,  respectively,  is  to  be  "traced  to 
the  descent  of  these  Princes  of  Wales  from  Rodric  Mawr,  a 
Welsh  prince  who  reigned  from  1194  to  1241.  In  a  subsequent 
volume,  xxxi.  pp.  164-181,  Mr.  King  contributed  "  Remarks  on 
some  of  the  Stall-Plates  of  the  Knights  of  the  Garter."  He 
here  endeavours  to  define  the  several  periods  when  the  Garter 
first  encircled  the  shield ;  when  helmets  assumed  the  two  cha- 
racters distinguishing  those  of  the  nobility  from  those  of  com- 
moners ;  when  coronets  were  introduced  to  distinguish  the 
several  classes  of  the  peerage;  and  when  heraldic  supporters 
first  assumed  that  character.  These  are  the  principal  topics 
handled  by  our  lamented  Fellow,  and  no  one,  I  apprehend,  who 
is  desirous  of  information  on  these  subjects  will  possess  that 
information  complete  without  turning  to  this  interesting  and 
learned  memoir.  In  the  next  volume  of  Archaeologia,  xxxii. 
p.  58,  we  have  a  Observations  on  the  Monumental  Inscription  to 
Richard  Grey,  Lord  Grey  de  Wilton,  in  the  Chapel  of  Eton 
College."  Some  years  now  elapsed  before  Mr.  King  made 
another,  and  that  his  last  contribution,  to  the  Archa3ologia.  It 
is  printed  in  vol.  xxxviii.  p.  272,  and  is  entitled,  a  Observations 
on  some  Deeds  from  the  Muniment  Room  of  Maxstoke  Castle." 
In  the  Proceedings,  however,  his  name  occurs  frequently  as  a 
contributor  to  both  series,  as  will  be  seen  from  the  references  in 
the  note.f  On  the  occasion  of  our  Heraldic  Exhibition,  in  the 
month  of  May,  1862,  many  of  you  will  remember  the  ability 
with  which  Mr.  King  called  attention  to  the  more  interesting 
specimens  of  English  heraldry  then  brought  together.  But  his 
services  to  the  Society  were  not  confined  to  contributions  of  this 
nature.  For  twelve  years  he  .  served  with  assiduity  on  the 
Library  Committee — namely,  from  April  1853  to  May  1865. 
Nor  would  this  notice  of  him  be  complete  if  I  omitted  to  mention 
the  singular  courtesy  and  unaffected  readiness  with  which  he 

*  Proc.  2  S.  i.  323  ;  ii.  75,  174,  381,  410,  411  ;  iii.  120. 
f  Proc.  i.  230,  309  ;  ii.  69,  78.     2  S.  i.  239  ;  ii.  63,  123,  169. 


April  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  309 

was  always  eager  to  place  his  knowledge  on  any  subject,  and 
especially  on  heraldry,  at  the  disposal  of  any  who  applied. 
Many  here,  I  doubt  not,  will  testify  to  the  very  great  pains  he 
has  frequently  taken  at  the  Heralds'  College,  in  seeking  out  and 
tracing  facts  or  documents  for  the  use  of  those  who  were  engaged 
in  historical  or  genealogical  researches. 

FREDERIC  CORBIN  LUKIS  was  elected  a  Fellow  on  the  28th 
April,  1853,  and  died  on  the  15th  November,  1871.  His  name 
does  not  appear  as  that  of  a  contributor  to  our  transactions,  and 
I  am  therefore  precluded  from  devoting  to  his  memory  a 
notice  as  ample  as  his  rare  qualities  and  great  attainments  in 
scientific  and  archaeological  pursuits  might  justly  claim.  His 
collection  of  antiquities  in  illustration  of  the  Channel  Islands 
enjoyed  a  reputation  which  extended  far  beyond  their  limits. 
To  three  sonsj  one  of  whom  has  already  received  a  place  in  the 
obituary  notices  delivered  from  this  Chair,*  he  imparted  tastes 
for  the  same  pursuits  as  those  which  had  occupied  and  adorned 
his  own  life ;  and  I  venture  to  hope  that  at  no  distant  period 
we  shall  have  at  one  of  our  Ordinary  Meetings  a  proof  that 
those  tastes  have  not  been  imparted  in  vain.  I  am  informed 
that  the  Rev.  William  Collings  Lukis,  F.S.A.,  is  engaged  in 
preparing  a  paper  on  the  Megalithic  Remains  of  Britany,  which 
will  be  communicated  to  this  Society. 

The  Rev.  WHARTON  BOOTH  MARRIOTT  was  elected  a  Fellow 
on  the  30th  May,  1857,  and  died  in  December,  1871.  At  the 
time  of  his  death  he  was  a  Member  of  our  Council.  Mr.  Mar- 
riott was  one  of  the  most  distinguished  of  the  Masters  at  Eton 
College,  and  had  achieved  no  small  reputation  in  the  department 
of  Ecclesiastical  Archaeology.  On  the  24th  March,  1870,  he 
laid  before  the  Society  a  paper  on  the  famous  inscription  at 
Autun,  the  first  letters  of  the  successive  lines  of  which  form  the 
word  IX©T2,  which  was  afterwards  published  in  a  volume 
entitled,  "  The  Testimony  of  the  Catacombs  and  of  other  Monu- 
ments of  Christian  Art  from  the  second  to  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury, concerning  questions  of  doctrine  now  disputed  in  the 
Church.  London:  Hatchards.  1870."  This,  however,  was 
not  Mr.  Marriott's  first  contribution  to  this  branch  of  inquiry. 
In  the  year  1868  he  had  published  his  u  Vestiarium  Christianum; 
the  origin  and  gradual  development  of  the  Dress  of  the  Holy 
Ministry  in  the  Church,  as  evidenced  by  Monuments  both  of 
Literature  and  of  Art  from  the  Apostolic  Age  to  the  Present 
Time." 

*  Proc.  2  S.  ii.  393. 


310  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 


Sir  THOMAS  PHILLIPPS,  Bart,  was  elected  a  Fellow  on  the 
1st  April,  1819,  and  died  on  the  7th  February,  1872,  at  the 
advanced  age  of  80  years.     As  a  collector  of  literary  treasures, 
printed  and  manuscript,  he  enjoyed  a  high  reputation.     Middle- 
hill,  the  name  of  the  estate  in  Worcestershire  where  the  great 
bulk  of  this  acquisition  was  first  collected,  was  nearly  as  well 
known  by  name  to  men  of  learning  at  home  and  abroad  as  any 
of  the  great  public  libraries  of  Europe.     His  printed  volumes 
amounted,  in  round  numbers,  to  100,000 — his  manuscripts  were 
not  less  than  between  30,000  and  40,000.     For  the  list  of  pri- 
vately printed  publications  which  issued,  from  time  to  time,  from 
the  Middlehill  press,  I  must  refer  you  to  the  pages  of  'Lowndes1 
Bibliographers'    Manual,    Part   vii.    p.    1856,    and   Appendix, 
pp.  225-237.  When  I  state  that  the  catalogue  of  these  publications 
occupies  fourteen  of  the  closely-printed  pages  of  Lowndes,  you 
will   readily  understand  how  impossible  it  is   for   mo,  in  the 
narrow  limits  of  this  Address,  to  attempt  to  give  you  any  idea  of 
the  varied  nature  of  their  subjects  and  contents.     It  will  be  more 
within  our  scope  to  give  a  statement  of  the  communications 
which  at  various   times  he  made  to  our  Archaeologia.     Those 
which  are  made  to  our  Proceedings  are  enumerated  in  the  sub- 
joined note.*     In  the  xxvth  volume  of  the  Archaeologia,  p.  146, 
we  find  a  communication  from  Sir  Thomas  Phillipps,   entitled 
"  Charters  relative  to  the  Priory  of  Trulegh,  in  Kent."     This  is 
immediately  followed  (p.  151)  by  another  paper  from  him,  on  a 
u  Survey  of  the  Manor  and  Forest  of  Clarendon,  Wiltshire,  in 
1272,"  which  comprises  some  interesting  and  ingenious  specu- 
lations on  the  structure  of  royal  palaces,  where  they  were  merely 
country  seats.     The  xxvith  volume,  p.  255,  contains,  "  Three  in- 
edited  Saxon  Charters  from  the  Cartulary  of  Cirencester  Abbey," 
which  Sir  Thomas  Phillipps  considered  to  be  peculiarly  valuable, 
because  they  put  in  a  clear  light,  by  their  juxtaposition,  the  varia- 
tion in  Anglo-Saxon  orthography  between  the  time  of  Edward 
the  Confessor  and  William  the  Conqueror,  showing  that  a  change 
was  then  taking  place  in  the  language.    In  volume  x-xviii.  pp.  96- 
151,  he  furnishes  us  with  some  curious  traits  of  manners  in  the 
time  of  Henry  VIII.,  by  giving  us  the  "  Life  of  Sir  Peter  Carew 
of  Mohun    Ottery,  co.   Devon."     This  Sir    Peter    Carew   died 
in  the  year  1575,  and  the  life  in  question  is  from  the  pen  of  a 
contemporary,  one   "  John  Yowell,  of  the  Cetie  of  Excester, 
Gent."     In  volume  xxxi.  p.  326,  we  have  from  the  same  source 
an  "  Account  of  the  Ceremonial  of  the  Marriage  of  the  Princess 
Margaret,  sister  of  King  Edward  the  Fourth,  to  Charles  Duke 
of  Burgundy,  in  1468."     The  xxxiind  volume  contains  perhaps 

*  Proc.  i.  101 ,  192  ;  ii.  133,  275  ;  iv.  41. 


April  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  311 

the  most  valuable  of  the  communications  made  to  this  Society 
by  Sir  Thomas  Phillipps.  I  refer  to  the  u  Transcript  of  a  manu- 
script treatise  on  the  preparations  of  Pigments,  and  on  various 
processes  of  the  Decorative  Arts  practised  during  the  Middle 
Ages,  written  in  the  twelfth  century,  and  entitled  Mappse  Cla- 
vicula  "  (pp.  183-244).  This  is  held  to  be  one  of  the  most  curious 
and  interesting  treatises  on  the  composition  of  colours  in  exist- 
ence. The  same  volume  contains  in  the  Appendix  (p.  444)  a 
"  New  Notice  of  Shakespeare."  The  last  communication  made 
by  Sir  Thomas  Phillipps  to  the  Archaeologia  will  be  found  in 
volume  xxxvii.  pp.  492-498,  under  the  title,  "  Extract  from  a 
Record  explanatory  of  Grants  by  Henry  II.  and  Edward  I.  to 
certain  Ostmen  in  Waterford,  of  the  privilege  of  '  Lex  Angli- 
corum  in  Hibernia. ' ' 

If,  passing  from  this  funereal  list  and  these  obituary  notices,  I 
may  be  allowed  a  glance  m  another  and  an  opposite  direction, 
I  should  desire  in  a  few  but  earnest  words  to  commemorate  a 
case  of  deep  public  interest  among  the  Fellows  of  this  Society — 
a  case  of  providential  and  auspicious  recovery  from  most  dange- 
rous illness.  Need  I  say  that  I  am  referring  to  our  illustrious 
brother  Member,  His  Royal  Highness  the  Prince  of  Wales  ? 
Need  I  at  all  remind  you  of  the  gratitude  we  all  owe, to  Almighty 
God  for  having  mercifully  granted  a  life  so  precious  to  a  nation's 
prayers  ? 

Within  the  same  period  from  the  last  Anniversary  to  the  5th 
of  this  month  there  have  withdrawn  from  the  Society  : — 

John  Thomas  Blight,  Esq.  - 
Henry  Edmund  Cartwright,  Esq. 
Charles  R.  Scott  Murray,  Esq. 

The  elections  within  the  same  time  have  been — 

William  Hazlitt,  Esq. 

William  Adlam,  Esq. 

Charles  Harcourt  Chambers,  Esq.  M.A. 

John  Edward  Price,  Esq. 

Thomas  Brooke,  Esq. 

The  Rev.  Francis  John  Rawlins,  M.A. 

Cunninghame,  Lord  Borthwick. 

The  Rev.  Richard  Valpy  French,  LL.D. 

Samuel  Dutton  Walker,  Esq. 

Edward  Jackson  Barren,  Esq. 

The  Lord  Rosehill. 

Edward  Sheannc,  Esq. 


312  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

George  Charles  Yates,  Esq. 

Charles  Shirley  Brooks,  Esq. 

William  Sedgwick  Saunders,  Esq.  M.D. 

General  J.  Meredith  Read,  Consul- General  of  the  United 

States  to  France. 

The  Rev.  William  John  Loftie,  B.A. 
The  Rev.  Richard  Kirwan,  M.A. 
Hugh  Owen,  Esq. 
Thomas  Morell  Blackie,  Esq. 
The  Rev.  Samuel  Savage  Lewis. 
Edward  Breese,  Esq. 
Samuel  Spalding,  Esq. 
John  de  Havilland,  Esq. 
Edward  Arber,  Esq. 
Sir  Charles  James  Palmer,  Bart. 
William  Henry  Hamilton  Rogers,  Esq. 
George  William  Reid,  Esq. 
John  Samuel  Phene,  Esq. 
James  Thome,  Esq. 

Honorary. 
His   Excellency  The   Due  de   Broglie,  Ambassador  from 

France  to  England. 
Signor  Rudolfo  Lanciani. 
Professor  Sven  Nillsson. 
Cavaliere  Giuseppe  Fiorelli. 
M.  Augusto  Pereira  do  Vabo  e  Anhaya  Gallego  Soromenho. 

Gentlemen,  you  all  heard  with  real  concern  that  the  severe  ill- 
ness of  our  much-respected  Treasurer  had  compelled  him,  towards 
the  close  of  last  year,  to  relinquish  for  a  time  his  arduous  pro- 
fessional duties,  and  to  seek  some  rest  and  recreation  in  a  climate 
more  genial  than  ours.  I  am  happy  to  be  able  to  announce  to 
you  that  the  voyage  undertaken  for  that  object  has  been  attended 
with  success.  Only  a  few  weeks  since  I  received  from  him  a 
letter  written  on  the  banks  of  the  Nile — a  letter  dated  from  Siout, 
to  inform  me  of  his  nearly  complete  convalescence,  and  express- 
ing his  hope  to  have  returned  to  England  in  time  for  the  next 
Anniversary  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries.  It  was  with  very 
great  pleasure  that  I  received  that  letter.  With  still  greater  plea- 
sure did  I  see  Mr.  Ouvry  himself  returned,  and  in  good  health, 
at  the  Meeting  of  the  Committee  of  the  Athenaeum  on  this  day 
week.  Next  day,  however,  he  wrote  me  a  note  to  my  regret 
announcing  that  he  was  obliged  to  obey  the  positive  directions  of 
his  medical  advisers,  who  had  bid  him  repair  without  delay,  and 
for  one  month,  to  Tunbridge  Wells.  Thus,  as  you  will  perceive, 


April  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  313 

the  gratification  which  we  had  promised  ourselves  for  this  day  is 
for  a  while  postponed.  It  will  not  be  long,  I  trust,  ere  we  are 
enabled  to  take  Mr.  Ouvry  cordially  by  the  hand,  and  congratu- 
late not  only  him  but  ourselves  on  his  auspicious  re-appearance 
among  us. 

Before  Mr.  Ouvry  took  his  departure  for  the  Mediterranean 
he  wrote  to  me  expressing  his  hope  and  desire  that  the  Secre- 
tary might  be  deputed,  during  his  absence,  to  fill  his  place  as 
Treasurer.  The  same  wish,  upon  his  recommendation,  was  ex- 
pressed at  the  next  Meeting  of  the  Council.  Mr.  Watson,  with 
his  customary  zeal  for  the  interests  of  the  Society,  expressed  his 
readiness  to  undertake  the  task,  and  it  is  scarcely  necessary  for 
me  to  assure  you  that,  in  his  able  hands,  the  Society's  monied 
affairs  have  been  duly  cared  for. 

Since  the  last  Anniversary  two  Special  Exhibitions  have  been 
opened  in  the£e  rooms  which  appear  to  have  been  attended  with 
very  considerable  success.  -  I  refer  to  the  Palaeolithic  Exhibition 
held  here  last  May  and  to  the  Neolithic  Exhibition  last  December. 
I  desire  to  take  this  opportunity  of  once  more  putting  on  record 
the  expression  of  our  gratitude  to  those  gentlemen  who  con- 
tributed so  zealously  to  promote  the  success  of  these  exhibi- 
tions, either  by  sending  objects  from  their  collections,  or,  in 
addition  to  this,  by  delivering  addresses.  1  refer  especially  to 
Mr.  Franks,  Mr.  John  Evans,  and  Col.  Lane  Fox.  Nor  let  me 
omit  to  add  the  constant  and  valuable  aid  which  the  Secretary 
rendered  us. 

Probably,  however,  the  principal  business  on  which  the  lead- 
ing members  of  the  Society  have  been,  during  the  last  year,  en- 
gaged was  to  bring  to  a  conclusion  the  task  of  the  Committee 
appointed  in  pursuance  of  the  letter  of  Mr.  Layard,  then  First 
Commissioner  of  Works.  You  may,  some  of  you  at  least,  re- 
member that  in  my  Anniversary  Address  of  1869  I  read  to  you 
the  letter  in  question,  dated  the  13th  of  February  in  that  year. 
Mr.  Layard  then  requested  the  Council  of  the  Society  "  to 
have  the  goodness  to  furnish  him  with  a  list  of  such  regal  and 
other  historical  tombs  or  monuments  existing  in  cathedrals, 
churches,  and  other  public  places  -and  buildings,  as,  in  their 
opinion,  it  would  be  desirable  to  place  under  the  protection  and 
supervision  of  the  Government  with  a  view  to  their  proper 
custody  and  preservation." 

On  the  receipt  of  this  letter  by  the  Council,  a  Committee, 
entitled  the  "  Sepulchral  Monuments  Committee,"  comprising 
some  of  our  ablest  men,  was  at  once  appointed.  It  was  plain 
from  the  outset  that  a  task  of  no  common  labour  was  before 
them.  But,  on  close  examination  and  further  trial,  the  task 
proved  even  more  laborious  than  it  at  first  appeared.  There 


314  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 


were  repeated  meetings,  and  great  assiduity,  not  only  on  the 
part  of  many  of  the  members,  but  also  of  other  Fellows  and 
Local  Secretaries  of  the  Society,  whom  the  Committee  called  to 
their  assistance  ;  but  it  was  not  till  the  10th  of  February  in  this 
year  that  the  Committee  were  enabled  to  present  their  full 
Report,  together  with  the  List  required. 

One  sentence  of  that  document  I  will  now,  with  your  per- 
mission, have  the  pleasure  of  reading  to  you  : — 

"  In  concluding  their  Report  of  the  fulfilment  of  the  task 
entrusted  to  them  by  the  Council,  this  Committee  desires  to 
record  its  opinion  of  the  valuable  services  rendered  by  the 
Director  in  the  prosecution  of  their  work.  On  him  has  fallen 
by  far  the  largest  share  of  the  labours  undertaken  by  the 
Society  in  replying  to  the  appeal  of  the  late  First  Commissioner 
of  Works ;  and,  much  as  the  Committee  is  indebted  to  the  gen- 
tlemen who  kindly  gave  their  services  in  collecting  the  materials 
on  which  the  accompanying  return  was  to  be  founded,  those 
services  would  have  been  ineffectual  for  their  purpose  without 
the  assistance  so  largely  contributed  by  the  Director.  To  digest 
such  extensive  and  varied  materials,  to  verify  and  correct  as  far 
as  possible  the  information  collected,  and  reduce  the  whole  to  a 
consistent  tabular  form,  was  a  work  involving  no  ordinary 
ability,  patience,  method,  and  zeal ;  and  the  Committee  consider 
it  fortunate  that  the  chief  responsibility  of  preparing  their 
returns  should  have  fallen  on  a  gentleman  so  amply  possessed 
of  these  valuable  qualities." 

On  this  point,  as  on  others,  the  Members  of  the  Council  fully 
concurred  with  the  Report  of  the  Committee,  and  they  have 
most  cordially  passed  an  unanimous  vote  conveying  the  thanks 
of  the  Society,  with  a  token  of  our  high  esteem  and  respect,  to 
Mr.  Charles  Perceval. 

The  List  itself,  prepared  with  so  much  deliberation  and  after 
so  many  meetings  of  the  Sepulchral  Monuments  Committee,  is, 
I  may  venture  to  assert,  a  document  of  no  mean  importance. 
We  may  feel  some  doubts,  indeed,  how  far  at  the  present  time 
Parliamentary  control  can  be  effectually  brought  to  bear  upon 
the  affair  in  question,  considering  both  its  novel  nature  and 
its  inherent  difficulties.  But,  at  the  very  least,  it  is  a.  subject 
which  deserves  the  most  attentive  consideration,  and  which,  if 
successfully  solved,  would  secure  for  ages  to  come  the  noblest 
records  of  departed  glory.  To  smooth  the  path  for  such  con- 
sideration, was  therefore  an  aim  most  worthy  to  be  sought ;  and 
it  is  precisely  this  aim  which  the  List  of  the  Committee  has 
attained.  It  does  not  assert,  as  it  was  not  bound  to  do,  that 
an  Act  of  Parliament  is  at  present  practicable,  but  it  gives 
the  foundation  on  which  any  such  Act  of  Parliament,  if  framed 


April  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  315 

at  all,  must  rest.  It  shows  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  work 
before  us ;  it  establishes,  on  high  authority,  what  are  the  works 
of  stone  or  marble  that  WG  should,  if  possible,  protect  from 
further  harm.  On  these  grounds,  I  may  fearlessly  assert  that, 
whatever  the  issue  of  any  immediate  attempts  at  legislation, 
the  gentlemen  who  served  on  the  Committee  will  not  have  toiled 
in  vain. 

Gentlemen,  the  Council  having  first  considered  and  approved 
the  Report  of  the  Committee,  lost  no  time  in  transmitting  it  to 
Mr.  Ayrton,  as  now  filling  the  place  of  Mr.  Layard,  the  Chief 
Commissioner  of  Works,  and  they  expressed  their  hope  that 
Mr.  Ayrton  would  cause  the  List  thus  communicated  to  him  to 
be  laid  upon  the  table  of  both  Houses  of  Parliament.  I  am 
sorry  to  have  to  inform  you  that  the  reply  of  Mr.  Ayrton,  or 
rather  of  his  Secretary  in  his  name,  is,  to  my  mind  at  least,  by 
110  means  satisfactory.  Mr.  Ayrton  wholly  declines  to  be  bound 
by  the  letter  of  his  predecessor,  which,  he  observes,  was  written 
without  the  sanction  of  the  Treasury  having  been  first  obtained. 
And  he  adds,  on  behalf  of  that  Board,  that  their  Lordships 
"  have  no  intention  either  of  introducing  a  Bill,  or  of  laying 
before  Parliament  the  Report  which  has  been  made  by  the 
Sepulchral  Monuments  Committee." 

I  will  not  deny  that  I,  in  common  with  the  other  officers  of 
this  Society,  received  this  communication  with  some  surprise. 
Perhaps  some  surprise  may  also  be  felt  by  yourselves  on  this 
occasion.  But  I  think  it  will  be  right  for  me  to  refrain  from 
any  comment  or  remark  upon  the  statement  it  contains,  since 
your  governing  body  has  not  yet  had  the  opportunity  of  seeing 
it.  It  will  be  laid  in  due  form,  before  the  new  Council,  wrhich 
is  appointed  to  meet  on  the  30th  of  the  present  month.  Mean- 
while, I  content  myself  with  saying,  on  the  general  subject,  that 
I  doubt  very  much  whether  it  will  be  found  to  the  advantage 
of  the  public  service,  if  a  system  should  arise  of  the  Chief  of  a 
Department  disavowing  the  acts  of  his  predecessor,  even  though 
that  predecessor  was  of  the  same  political  party  as  himself,  and 
whether  a  continuity  or  fixity  of  Ministerial  action  be  not  a 
necessary  condition  in  seeking  for  the  future  to  obtain  for  any 
public  object  the  unpaid  services  of  independent  men. 

There  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  in  the  summer  of  1873 
we  shall  quit  the  apartments  we  now  occupy,  and  take  up  our 
abode  at  Burlington  House.  The  initiative  in  effecting  this 
change  was  taken  not  by  the  Society,  but  by  Her  Majesty's 
Government.  It  will  be  the  duty  of  the  Council  to  take  care 
that  in  carrying  it  out  we  lose  none  of  the  advantages  we  at 
present  enjoy,  and  that  we  are  subjected  to  no  expenses  which 
do  not  legitimately  fall  to  our  share. 


316  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  |  1872, 

The  President  having  concluded  his  Address,  it' was  moved 
by  the  Rev.  Walter  Sneyd,  and  seconded  by  William  Smith, 
Esq.  LL.D.  and  carried  unanimously  : — 

"  That  the  thanks  of  the  Meeting  be  offered  to  the  President 
for  his  Address,  and  that  he  be  requested  to  allow  it  to  be 
printed." 

The  ballot  for  the  election  of  President,  Officers,  and  Council 
being  closed,  the  lists  were  examined  by  the  Scrutators,  when 
the  following  Fellows  were  found  to  have  the  majority  of  the 
votes  of  the  Society : — 

Eleven  Members  from  the  Old  Council. 

The  Earl  Stanhope,  President. 

Sir  William  Tite,  C.B.  M.P.  V.P. 

Very  Rev.  A.  P.  Stanley,  D.D.  Dean  of  Westminster,  V.P. 

Colonel  Augustus  Henry  Lane  Fox,  V.P. 

Frederic  Ouvry,  Esq.  Treasurer. 

Charles  Spencer  Perceval,  Esq.  LL.D.  Director. 

Lieut. -Col.  John  Farnaby  Lennard,  Auditor. 

Thomas  Lewin,  Esq.  M.A,  Auditor. 

Charles  Drury  Edward  Fortnum,  Esq. 

Rev.  William  Sparrow  Simpson,  M.A. 

William  John  Thorns,  Esq. 

Ten  Members  of  the  New  Council. 

The  Lord  Henniker,  Auditor. 
John  Winter  Jones,  Esq.  Auditor. 
William  Durrant  Cooper,  Esq. 
Henry  Charles  Coote,  Esq. 
John  Evans,  Esq.  F.R.S. 
Philip  Charles  Hardwick,  Esq. 
Clements  Robert  Markham,  Esq.  C.B. 
Octavius  Morgan,  Esq.  M.P.  M.A.  F.R.S. 
Edmund  Oldfield,  Esq.  M.A. 
Captain  Arthur  Chilver  Tupper. 

C.  Knight  Watson,  Esq.  M.A.  Secretary. 

The  thanks  of  the  Society  were  then  voted  to  the  Scrutators 
for  their  trouble  in  examining  the  Ballot  Lists. 


May  2.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  317 

Thursday,  May  2nd,  1872. 
J.  WINTER  JONES,  Esq.,  Y.P.,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors : — 

From  the  Royal  Geographical  Society  :— Proceedings,  Vol.  XV.  No.  5  [com- 
pleting the  vol.],  and  Vol.  XVI.  No.  1.  8vo.  London,  1871. 

From  the  Royal  Society  : — Proceedings,  Vol.  XX.  No.  133.    8vo.    London,  1872. 

From  the  Royal  Institute  of  British  Architects  : — Sessional  Papers  1871-72, 
No.  8.  4to.  London,  1872. 

From  the  Institute  of  Archaeological  Correspondence  : — 

1.  Monumenti  Inediti.    Vol.  IX.  Tav.  26—36.    Folio.    Rome,  1871. 

2.  Annali.     Vol.  XLIII.     8vo.     Rome,  1871. 

3.  Bullettino  per  1'anno  1871,     8vo.    Rome,  1871. 

From  the  Historical  and  Archasological  Association  of  Ireland  : — The  Journal. 
Vol.  II.  Fourth  Series.  January,  No.  9.  8vo.  Dublin,  1872. 

From  the  Author  : — Poseidon  :  a  Link  between  Semite,  Hamite,  and  Aryan. 
By  Robert  Brown,  Jun.  F.S.A.  8vo.  London,  1872. 

From  the  Author  :  — A  Report  on  the  Expedition  to  Western  Yunan  via  Bhamo. 
By  John  Anderson,  M.D.  4to.  Calcutta,  1871. 

From  the  Royal  Archaeological  Institute  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  : — The 
Archaeological  Journal.  No.  112  [completing  Vol.  XXVIII.]  8vo.  Lon- 
don, 1871. 

From  the  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society,  Manchester : — Proceedings. 
Vol.  XI.  No.  13.  Session  1871-72.  8vo.  Manchester,  1872. 

From  Rev.  F.  T.  Colby,  F.S.A. :— Verses  by  the  late  Thomas  Colby,  and  F.  T. 
Colby,  F.S.A.  Printed  for  private  circulation.  8vo.  1872. 

From  the  Author,  E.  P.  Shirley,  Esq.  M.A.  F.S.A.  :— Catalogue  of  the  Library 
at  Lough  Fea,  in  illustration  of  the  History  and  Antiquities  of  Ireland. 
4to.  London  [privately  printed],  1872. 

From  the  Author :— Social  Life  in  Former  Days,  chiefly  in  the  Province  of 
Moray.  Illustrated  by  Letters  and  Family  Papers.  By  E.  Dunbar  Dunbar. 
Two  Series. .-  2  Vols.  "  8vo.  Edinburgh,  1865-6. 

From  the  Royal  United  Service  Institution  : — Their  Journal.  Vol.  XV.  No.  65 
[completing  Vol.  XV.]  8vo.  London,  1872. 

From  the  Author  : — Collections  for  a  History  of  S.  Alban's  Abbey  by  Mackenzie 
E.  C.  Walcott,  B.D.,  Precentor  of  Chichester.  Folio.  (M.S.) 

A  vote  of  Special  Thanks  for  these  Presents  was  accorded  to 
E.  P.  Shirley,  Esq.,  and  to  the  Eev.  Mackenzie  E.  C.  Walcott. 

The  nomination  by  the  President  of  John  Winter  Jones,  Esq., 
to  be  a  Vice -President,  was  read. 

William  Copeland    Borlase,  Esq.  and   James   Thorne,  Esq. 
were  admitted  Fellows. 


318  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

R.  H.  WOOD,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary  for  Lancashire, 
exhibited  an  ancient  deed  relating  to  land  in  Westminster,  of 
which  he  gave  the  following  account : 

"  Quit-claim  from  John  de  Notlee  to  Sir  Walter  de  Langeton 
Bishop  of  Coventry  and  Lichfield.  of  a  plot  of  land  with 
the  appurtenances  in  the  vill  of  Westminster  lying  between  the 
end  of  the  Court  and  the  gate  of  the  Bishop  on  the  one  side  and 
the  tenement  of  Henry  Cook  on  the  other,  and  between  the 
High  Street  which  leads  from  Charryngges  towards  the  Court 
of  Westminster  on  the  one  side  and  the  tenement  of  the  Lord 
Walter  the  above-named  Bishop  on  the  other. 

The  text  of  this  document  is  as  follows  : — 

Omnibus  Christ!  fidelibus  ad  quos  presentes  littere  pervenerint  Johannes  de 
Notice  salutem  in  domino.  Noveritis  me  remisisse  et  omnino  quietnm  clamasse  pro 
me  et  heredibus  meis  domino  Waltero  de  Langeton  Coventriensi  et  Lichfeldensi 
episcopo  heredibus  vel  assignatis  suis  totum  jus  et  clameum  quod  habui  vel 
aliquo  modo  habere  potui  in  quadam  placea  terre  cum  pertinentiis  in  vico 
Westmonasteriensi  sine  ullo  retenemento,  illam  videlicet  que  jacet  inter  exitum 
curie  et  portam  domini  Walteri  episcopi  supradicti  ex  una  parte  et  tenementum 
Henrici  Coci  ex  altera  et  inter  altam  stratam  qu*e  ducit  de  Charryngges  versus 
curiam  Westmonasteriensein  ex  parte  una  et  tenementnm  domini  Walteri  episcopi 
supradicti  ex  altera.  Item  quod  ego  praedictus  Johannes  aut  heredes  mei  sive 
aliquis  nomine  nostro  nunquam  durante  seculo  in  prcedicta  placea  terre  cum 
omnibus  suis  pertinentiis  aliquod  jus  vel  clameum  habere,  exigere  vel  ven- 
dicare  poterirnus  quoquo  modo  in  perpetuum.  In  cujus  rei  testimonium  sigillum 
meum  apposui  huic  scripto.  His  testibus : — Dominis  Johanne  le  Bretun  tune  custode 
civitatis  Londonensis,  Roberto  de  Basingges  militibus  ;  Johanne  de  Bankewelle, 
Radulpho  le  Vynneter,  Adam  de  Kynggesheved,  Henrico  Coco,  Reginaldo  le 
Porter,  Henrico  du  Palleys,  Hugone  le  Marischall,  et  aliis. 

\_ln  dorso :  Quietum  clamancia  J.  de  Notice,  de  quadam  placea  demissa 
Episc'o  Coventr'  et  Lichf.] 

The  deed  (which  is  so  much  injured  by  damp  as  in  some  parts 
to  be  hardly  legible)  occupies  nearly  ten  lines  in  a  fair  hand  of 
the  period — of  medium  size — the  parchment  8£  inches  long  by 
3  J  deep.  Seal  pendent  in  centre,  of  white  wax,  of  which  only  a 
small  fragment  remains. 

This  quitclaim  being  dateless,  the  first  inquiry  is  how  nearly 
we  can  approximate  to  its  period  by  such  internal  evidence  as 
it  supplies.  This  is  mainly  furnished  by  one  of  the  parties  to  the 
document,  Walter  de  Langton,  Bishop  of  Coventry  and  Lichfield, 
and  by  such  of  the  witnesses  as  are  notable  enough  to  have  left 
their  names  on  record  in  connection  with  the  local  or  municipal 
history  of  London  and  Westminster,  in  which  latter  city  the 
land  was  situate. 

Walter  de  Langton  was  born  at  West  Langton,  co.  Leicester, 
and  was  nephew  of  William  de  Langton,  Dean  of  York.  He 
was  himself  dean  of  the  Free  Chapel  at  Bridgenorth,  a  canon  of 
Lichfield,  and  one  of  the  Pope's  chaplains.  He  was  raised 


May  2.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  319 

to  the  Treasurer  ship  of  England  in  1295 ;  in  the  following 
February  he  was  elected  Bishop  of  Coventry  and  Lichfield,  and 
was  consecrated  December  22,  1296 ;  still  retaining  the  office 
of  treasurer.  In  1301  he  was  charged  with  such  heinous  crimes 
that  the  King  was  obliged  to  dismiss  him  till  he  had  purged 
himself.  For  this  he  was  compelled  to  take  a  journey  to  Rome, 
where  after  great  cost  he  succeeded,  and  was  not  only  re-instated 
in  June  1303,  but  was  made  principal  executor  of  the  King's 
will.  On  Edward's  death  he  was  turned  out  of  his  office  and 
cast  into  prison.  After  being  again  imprisoned  he  was  restored 
to  office  in  1311,  and  died  November  16,  1321.  These  facts 
confine  the  date  of  the  deed  within  the  years  1296  and  1307, 
except  from  1301  to  June  1303  ;  and  again  from  1308  or  1311 
to  his  death  in  1321. 

The  first  witness  is  Sir  John  le  Bretun,  then  custos  or  warden 
of  the  city  of  London,  as  to  whom  we  find  the  following  facts. 
In  the  seventeenth  Edward  I.  the  King  committed  to  a  John  le 
Bretun  the  city  of  London,  which  had  been  deprived  of  its 
liberties,  and  he  is  found  to  be  still  custos  in  the  twenty-fifth 
year,  when  the  liberties  were  restored.  On  the  day  after  the 
Purification  B.V.M.,  the  3rd  of  February,  1286,  John  le  Bretun 
succeeded  Sir  Ralph  de  Sandwich,  and  continued  to  be  warden 
until  the  feast  of  St.  Margaret,  20th  July,  1287,  at  which  time 
Sir  Ralph  de  Sandwich  was  again  appointed  warden,  and  so 
continued  until  the  twenty-second  Edward  I.  1294,  when  Sir 
John  Bretun  a  second  time  succeeded  him  as  warden,  and  held 
the  office  until  the  twenty-sixth  year  of  the  same  reign,  1298. 
Sir  John  Bret  an' s  name  occurs  in  various  writs  and  other 
documents  during  his  wardenship.  The  periods  then  during 
which  Sir  John  le  Bretun  was  warden  seem  to  have  been  first 
from  1286  to  1287.  Secondly,  from  1294  to  1298.  As  Walter 
de  Langton  did  not  become  Bishop  of  Coventry  and  Lichfield 
till  February  1296,  and  as  Sir  John  le  Bretun  finally  ceased  to 
be  warden  of  London  at  Easter  1298,  we  may  narrow  the 
period  of  the  execution  of  this  quit-claim  to  some  date  within 
these  two  years,  1296—1298. 

The  next  witness  is  Robert  de  Basinge,  knight.  We  find 
he  was  present  at  a  meeting  of  convocation  of  the  citizens  in 
Easter  week,  24th  Edward  I.  1295,  and  in  the  twenty-seventh 
of  the  same  reign  he  is  named  as  an  alderman.  In  the  records 
of  the  city  his  name  is  spelled  both  Basinge  and  Basynges,  and 
the  quit-claim  shows  that  he  had  been  knighted.  Of  the  other 
witnesses  we  can  find  no  trace,  nor  can  anything  be  found  to 
identify  the  quit-claimor  or  grantor  John  de  Notice, — a  name 
which  may  have  become  Notley,  or  Nottall,  or  Nuttall,  in  course 
of  time. 


320  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

The  next  point  of  interest  is  the  locus  in  quo.  The  document 
gives  no  measurement,  but  simply  calls  it  a  plot  of  land  in 
Westminster,  lying  between  the  end  of  the  Court  of  West- 
minster and  the  gate  of  the  residence  of  Walter  de  Langton, 
then  Bishop  of  Coventry  and  Lichfield,  on  one  side,  and  a 
tenement  of  Henry  Cook — one  of  the  witnesses — on  the  other, 
and  between  the  High  Street  leading  from  Charing  towards  the 
Court  of  Westminster  on  the  one  side,  and  the  tenement  of  the 
Bishop  on  the  other.  It  is  clear  this  is  a  plot  of  land  which  the 
Bishop  had  obtained  by  purchase  or  otherwise  as  lying  near  his 
residence.  It  is  important  to  ascertain  what  edifice  is  meant  by 
the  "Court  of  Westminster."  The  earliest  writer  who  .has 
described  the  city  of  London  was  Stephanides,  or  William  Fitz 
Stephen,  a  monk  of  Canterbury  and  biographer  of  Thomas 
a  Becket,  who  wrote  in  the  latter  half  of  the  twelfth  century, 
and  died,  it  is  supposed,  about  1191.  In  his  fourth  chapter  or 
title,  "  De  Firmitate  et  situ  Urbis,"  he  first  describes  the 
Tower  of  London  on  the  east,  which  he  calls  the  Palatine 
Tower,  and  then  continues,  "  On  the  west,  also  higher  up  on 
the  bank  of  the  river,  the  royal  palace  rears  its  head,  an  incom- 
parable structure  furnished  with  a  breastwork  and  bastions, 
situated  in  a  populous  suburb  (i.e.  the  village  or  wick  of  West- 
minster), at  a  distance  of  two  miles  from  the  city."  We  learn 
that  in  1299  this  venerable  hall  was  "  burned  by  a  vehement 
fire  kindled  in  the  lesser  hall  of  the  King's  house,"  but  was 
afterwards  repaired.  Also  that  "  the  said  palace  before  the  entry 
thereunto  hath  a  large  court,  and  in  the  same  a  tower  of  stones 
containing  a  clock  which  striketh  every  hour  on  a  great  bell  to 
be  heard  into  the  hall." 

Enough  has  been  quoted  to  show  that  by  the  words  "  Curia 
Westmonasteriensis,"  in  the  quit-claim,  must  be  intended  the 
cluster  of  law  and  equity  courts  forming  internal  or  external  por- 
tions of  the  old  Palace  of  Westminster,  best  known  for  ages  as 
Westminster  Hall.  Whether  "  Exitus  Curiae  "  means  the  end  of 
the  outer  court  or  of  the  hall  itself,  is  doubtful ;  but  it  seems  to 
indicate  the  outer  court  in  which  stood  the  clock-house  (now  the 
New  Palace  Yard),  on  the  east  side  of  which  court  "  is  an  arched 
gateway  to  the  river  Thames,  with  a  fair  bridge  and  landing- 
place."  So  far,  then,  it  may  be  assumed  that  one  clear  and 
unquestionable  boundary  has  been  ascertained  for  "  the  plot  of 
land  "  in  the  quit-claim,  but  there  appears  to  be  no  record  as  to 
the  site  of  the  palace  or  town  residence  of  the  Bishops  of 
Coventry  and  Lichfield  towards  the  close  of  the  thirteenth 
century. 

All  that  can  be  safely  stated  in  reference  to  "the  plot  of 
land "  conveyed  in  the  ample  terms  of  the  deed  "  durante 


May  9.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  321 

seculo  "  is  that  it  was  probably  situated  somewhere  on  the  line 
of  street  now  known  as  Parliament  Street  and  Whitehall,  leading 
from  Charing  Cross  to  the  New  Palace  Yard,  and  very  near  the 
latter  open  space ;  but  a  reference  to  very  early  plans  of  London 
and  Westminster  might  perhaps  aid  in  the  approximation  to  the 
site  of  the  plot." 

C.  D.  E.  FORTNUM,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  a  collection  of 
early  Christian  Rings,  of  which  a  description  will  be  found  in 
the  Archaeological  Journal,  xxvi.  137,  and  xxviii.  266-292. 

The  Rev.  J.  C.  CLUTTERBUCK  exhibited  five  Roman  Spoons 
of  Silver,  found  in  gravel-pits  on  the  roadside  about  one  quarter 
of  a  mile  to  the  south-east  of  Dorchester,  on  the  high  turnpike 
road  leading  to  Benson.  The  exhibitor  was  told  by  the  men 
who  found  them  that  they  were  found  with  the  bowls  uppermost 
a  little  below  the  surface  of  the  soil.  It  is  well  known  that  at 
and  about  Stonesfield,  in  Oxfordshire,  where  there  is  a  Roman 
villa,  &c.,  a  peculiar  snail  is  found,  said  to  have  been  imported 
by  the  Romans.  The  pointed  end  of  the  Roman  cochleare  was 
used  to  extract  the  boiled  snail  from  his  shell. 

H.  C.  COOTE,  Esq.  F.S.A.  communicated  a  paper,  to  be 
printed  in  the  Archaeologia,  in  which  he  argued,  with  much 
ability,  that  Vortigern,  not  Hengest,  was  the  invader  of  Kent. 

W.  C.  BORLASE,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  a  small  round-bottomed 
Sepulchral  Urn  or  Cup,  with  one  handle,  found  in  a  barrow  at 
Denzell,  in  Cornwall ;  height  3^  inches,  breadth  4  inches.  It  has 
since  been  figured  in  Mr.  Borlase's  "  Nsenia  Cornubise,"  p.  246. 

Mr.  Borlase  also  communicated  an  account  of  recent  ex- 
plorations of  tumuli  at  Trevelgue,  or  Trevalga,  in  the  parish  of 
St.  Columb  Minor,  Cornwall ;  with  remarks  on  a  singular 
"  Cliff  Castle  "  in  the  same  locality.  This  memoir  will  appear 
in  the  Archaeologia. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communications. 

Thursday,  May  9th,  1872. 
EARL  STANHOPE,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  the  Author  :— [Reprinted  from  The  Sacristy,  Feb.  1,  1872.]     The  Works 
of  S.  Dionysius  the  Areopagite,  especially  in  relation  to  Christian  Art.     By 
James  Fowler,  F.S.A.     4to. 
VOL.   V.  Y 


322  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

From  the  Author  : — On  the  Alphabet  and  its  Origin.  By  John  Evans,  Esq. 
F.R.S.  F.S.A.  [From  Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Institution.]  8vo.  London, 
1872. 

From  the  Author  :— Chronologische  Anordnung  der  Athenischen  Silbermiinzen. 
Von  Dr.  C.  L.  Grotefend.  8vo.  Hanover,  1872. 

From  P.  H.  Howard,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :— The  Worthies  of  Cumberland.  The 
Howards,  Rev.  R.  Matthews,  John  Rooke,  Captain  Joseph  Huddart.  By 
Henry  Lonsdale,  M.D.  8vo.  London,  1872. 

The  Rev.  MACKENZIE  E.  C.  WALCOTT,  F.S.A.  communicated 
a  transcript  of  three  Inventories  relating  to  the  Churches  of  St. 
Alban's,  Waltham,  and  Westminster,  with  introductory  matter 
and  notes  by  himself. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  this  Communication. 


Thursday,  May  16th,  1872. 
COLONEL  A.  H.  LANE-FOX,  V.P.  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors: — 

From  the  Author  : — A  Description  of  the  Ivories,  Ancient  and  Mediaeval,  in  the 
South  Kensington  Museum,  with  a  Preface  by  William  Maskell.  8vo. 
London,  1872. 

From  the  Author  : — A  Review  of  British  Diplomacy  and  its  Fruits.  (From 
the  St.  James's  Magazine  and  United  Empire  Review.)  By  R.  G.  Halibur- 
ton,  M.A.  F.S.A.  8vo.  London,  1872. 

From  the  Royal  Institution  of  Cornwall :  —  Journal,  with  the  Fifty-fourth 
Annual  Report.  No.  XIII.  April.  8vo.  Truro,  1872. 

From  the  Author  : — The  History  and  Law  of  Church  Seats,  or  Pews.  By 
Alfred  Heales,  F.S.A.  Book  I.— History.  Book  H.— Law.  2  volumes. 
8vo.  London,  1872. 

From  Kazi  Shahabudin  : — Syed  Ahmed  Bahadoor,  C.S.I.,  on  Dr.  Hunter's  "  Our 
Indian  Mussulmans — are  they  bound  in  conscience  to  rebel  against  the 
Queen  ?"  Compiled  by  a  Mahomedan.  Printed  for  private  circulation. 
8vo.  London,  1872. 

Notice  was  given  of  the  Ballot  for  the  Election  of  Fellows  on 
Thursday,  May  30th ;  and  a  list  of  the  candidates  was  read. 

RICHARD  ALMACK,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary  for  Suffolk, 
exhibited 

1.  A  volume,  of  which  he  gave  the  following  description  : — 
"  A  book  in  my  possession  may   possibly   be   considered  of 
sufficient  interest  to  be  placed  on  the  table  of  the   Society  of 
Antiquaries,  '  The  Workes  of  Seneca.   By  Thos.  Lodge.   Printed 


May  16.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  323 

by  Wm.  Stansby,  1620.'      A  large  folio,  gilt-edged,  bound  in 
crimson  silk  velvet,  and  on  both  sides  large  gilt  letters — 

E 
.  K    D 

"  The  following  note  is  inside,  written  by  Christopher  Lord 
Hatton,  after  he  became  a  Viscount,  1682.  He  says,  'The  letters 
stand  for  Richard  Earle  of  Dorset,  whose  book  this  formerly 
was,  by  his  daughter  Margaret  Countess  Dowager  of  Thanet 
(together  with  seaven  other  books  all  of  the  same  binding)  was 
since  left  as  part  of  her  legacy  to  me,  1676. ' 

"  In  the  margin  is  a  viscount's  coronet,  surmounted  by  a 
reversed  cypher,  C.  H. 

"  The  date  has  reference  to  the  death  of  his  mother-in-law, 
the  Countess  of  Thanet,  who  was  the  only  child  of  Richard  Earl 
of  Dorset,  by  the  celebrated  Anne  Clifford,  Countess  of  Dorset, 
and  afterwards  of  Pembroke  and  Montgomery.  The  Countess 
of  Thanet,  in  her  will,  dated  20th  June,  1676,  gives  to  her 
daughter,  the  Lady  Anne  Grrimstone,  her  jewels,  pictures,  coins, 
china,  and  books  of  what  sort  soever,  £  except  only  my  eight 
books  bound  with  redd  velvett,  and  marked  with  the  letters 
RED,  which  were  formerly  my  father's,  Richard  Earl  of  Dorset.' 
She  afterwards  says,  '  I  give  my  son-in-law  the  Lord  Hatton 
the  sum  of  £100,  and  also  my  said  eight  books  covered  with  red 
velvett,  and  marked  RED.'  She  appoints  him  'one  of  her 
executors.  The  death  of  her  daughter,  Lady  Cecilia  Hatton, 
was  a  dreadful  event.  Her  husband  and  his  family  were  resid- 
ing, 1672,  at  Cornet  Castle,  Guernsey,  when  the  powder  maga- 
zine was  fired  in  the  night  by  lightning.  Lady  Hatton  and 
several  of  her  women  were  blown  into  the  sea  and  killed.  Lord 
Hatton  was  blown  through  the  window  of  his  bed-room  upon  the 
ramparts  of  the  castle,  but  he  and  his  children  received  little 
injury.  One  of  the  children,  an  infant,  was  found  the  next  day 
alive,  sleeping  in  its  cradle  under  a  beam.  Lord  Hatton's  mother 
was  also  destroyed  when  the  explosion  took  place. 

"  A  former  owner  of  my  book  unfortunately  had  it  backed  and 
lettered  in  bad  taste. 

"  I  have  not  been  able  to  trace  any  of  the  other  seven  books, 
which  would  probably  descend  to  the  Finch  family  by  the 
marriage  of  Anne  Hatton,  the  Viscount's  daughter  by  Lady 
Cecilia  Tufton,  with  Daniel  Finch,  Earl  of  Nottingham  and 
Winchelsea." 

2.  A  letter  from  Margaret  (Russell)  Countess  of  Cumberland, 
mother  of  Anne  Countess  of  Dorset,  Pembroke,  and  Montgomery, 
who  erected,  as  she  says  in  her  will,  "  the  pillar  near  unto 
Brougham  Castle,  in  memory  of  the  last  parting  between  my 
blessed  mother  and  me." 

Y  2 


324  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

The  letter  is  to  Roger  second  Lord  North,  and  alludes  to  her 
unhappy  married  life.  It  is  sealed  with  the  goat  crest  and 
coronet  of  her  father,  the  second  Earl  of  Bedford. 

The  following  is  the  text  of  the  letter — • 

'  Moste  honrle  Lo.  The  continewance  of  this  your  Lo.  soe 
horle  greate  favoure  doth  tye  me  more  and  more  both  in  all 
kyndnes  and  thankfulnes  to  your  Lop,  being  muche  ashamed 
these  thinges,  soe  farre  unworfhye  you,  shoulde  soe  much  trow- 
bell  you.  Your  Lops  favourable  and  forceable  p'swadinge  Letter 
doth  nothinge  move  further  then  before  :  All  that  will  be  had 
is  that  the  accomptes  may  be  taken,  wch  nowe,  since  it  cannot 
otherwaise,  I  am  willinge  to  doe,  and  will  followe  your  Lops 
moste  wysse  and  favourable  advyse  therein,  wishing  I  had  been 
advysed  by  your  Lop  in  the  beginninge.  Then  I  shoulde  either 
avoyded  him  altogeather  or  had  more  vantage  of  him,  but  1 
muste  endure  my  harde  happes  who  ame  fallen  into  his  handes, 
whose  harde  deayllinge  is  not  unknowen  to  all.  Thus  recom- 
mendinge  my  kyndest  thankes  wth  my  moste  lovinge  commen- 
dacions  to  your  Lo?  I  leve,  this  5th  of  Marche,  1595. 

*  Youer  Lo.  in  affecion, 

6  M.  CUMBERLADE. 

c  Noble  Lo.  Thes  favers  of  youers  excede,  but  the  shall  never 
out  of  my  desier  to  seke  amen  of  som  dessarte  towardes  youer 
Lo.  I  made  offer  to  reseve  this  hondrete  pountes,  and  if  it  wes 
not  due  to  me,  to  retorne  it  after  the  accountes  wer  .taken  by 
the  marchante,  or  so  much  as  was  fouiite  not  to  be  mine  by 
thaies  accountes  of  his  hone  contreman  (I  sente  youer  Lo.) 
but  all  was  denite.  At  the  laste  he  sayet  win  the  acountes  was 
taken  and  you  satiesfiet  my  Lo.  of  Shrosbry  sholld  leant  me  a 
hondrete  pountes,  this  man  was  borne  and  broat  ope  with  slite 
and  bat  shiftes  that  makes  him  forgett  him  silfe  so  much  as  to 
denie  wat  he  saiet  to  youer  Lo.  I  am  a  freat  you  can  not  rede 
this. 

6  To  my  verie  horble  Lo.  the 
Lo.  Northe  thess.' 

W.  M.  WYLIE,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary  for  Hampshire, 
exhibited  a  drawing  of  a  small  bronze  object  of  archaic  art 
representing  an  ox  with  two  heads,  found  in  the  Lago  di  Fucino 
in  South  Italy.  A  woodcut  from  the  drawing,  together  with 
Mr.  Wy lie's  note  thereon,  will  appear  in  the  Archasologia,  vol. 
xliii.  Appendix. 

JOHN  THURNAM,  Esq.  M.D.  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary  for  Wilts, 
exhibited  two  small  bronze  bracelets  from  a  barrow  at  Arras,  in 
Yorkshire;  figures  of  which  objects  will  appear  in  illustration  of 


May  30.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  325 

Dr.  Thurnam's  paper  in  the  Archaeologia,  vol.  xliii.  on  Ancient 
British  Barrows. 

ALBERT  WAY,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  by  permission  of  Miss 
Maitland  a  remarkable  piece  of  Embroidery  of  early  fourteenth 
century  work.  It  belonged  to  the  late  Rev.  G.  Rowland,  of 
Shrewsbury,  a  local  collector  and  antiquary  of  good  repute,  who 
finished  the  volume  entitled  "  Sheriffs  of  Shropshire,"  begun  by 
Owen  and  Blake  way.  This  very  choice  work  was  a  decoration 
of  a  vestment,  probably  a  chasuble.  Its  length  is  four  feet  ten 
inches,  and  its  breadth  fourteen  inches.  The  subject  figured 
is  the  "  Arbor  Jesse,"  and  the  treatment  comprises  features  of 
great  interest  and  beauty.  To  these,  however,  it  is  hoped  that 
more  special  attention  will  be  called  in  the  Journal  of  the  Royal 
Archaeological  Institute.  It  may  be  sufficient  to  state  generally 
that  the  figured  running  up  the  centre,  and  as  it  were  framed 
in  the  interlacing  of  the  branches  of  the  tree  which  bifurcates  as 
it  emerges  from  the  body  of  Jesse,  are :  1.  Jesse.  2.  David. 
3.  Solomon.  4.  Blessed  Virgin  and  Child.  5.  The  Crucifixion, 
with  the  Blessed  Virgin  and  the  St.  John  on  each  side.  In  the 
angles  formed  by  the  interlacings  are  four  figures  to  which  the 
names  are  appended  011  labels  as  follows :  1.  IEREMIAS. 
2.  DANIEL.  3.  IZAIAS.  4.  MESCIAS.  The  groundwork 
is  a  gold  diaper  pattern  composed  of  leopards  and  a  quatrefoil 
ornament. 

R.  D.  DARBISHIRE,  Esq.  communicated  a  paper  on  "  Pre- 
historic Remains  from  Ehenside  Tarn,  in  Cumberland,"  which 
will  be  printed  in  the  Archaeologia. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  communications. 


Thursday,  May  30th,  1872. 
J.  WINTER  JONES,  ESQ,,  V.P.,  in  the  Chair. 

•The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  :  — 

From  the  Royal  Institution  of  Great  Britain : — Proceedings,  Vol.  VI.  Part  5, 
No.  56.     870.     London,  1872. 

From  the  Royal   Society  :    Proceedings.     Vol.  XX.  No.  134.      8vo.     London, 
1872. 

From  the  Berwickshire  Naturalists'  Club  :— Proceedings.     Vol.  VI.  No.  3.     8vo. 
Berwick,  1871. 


326  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

From  the  Royal  Institute  of  British  Architects  : — Sessional  Papers,  1871-72. 

Nos.  9  and  10.     4to.     London,  1872. 
From  Her  Majesty's  Government,  from  the  Royal  Observatory,  Edinburgh  : — 

Edinburgh  Astronomical   Observations.      Vol.  XIII.      1860—1870.     4to. 

Edinburgh,  1871.     [Containing  The  Great   Pyramid   in  Egypt.    Part  I. 

Original  Observations.    Part  II.  Recovery  of  the  Ancient  from  the  Modern 

dimensions.      By   Prof.    C.   Piazzi   Smyth,  F.R.S.  Astronomer  .Royal  for 

Scotland]. 

From  the  Royal  United  Service  Institution  :— Journal.  Vol.  XVI.  No.  66. 
8vo.  London,  1872. 

From  E.  Peacock,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :— Compendiose  Notizie  sulla  congregazione  de' 
Monaci  Armeni  Mechitaristi  di  Venezia,  nell'  isola  di  S.  Lazzaro.  Sm.  8vo. 
S.  Lazzaro,  1819. 

The  Chairman  having  reminded  the  Meeting  that  the  President 
of  the  Society,  Earl  Stanhope,  had  recently  been  elected  a  Foreign 
Member  of  the  Institute  of  France,  a  Resolution  was  moved  by 
C.  S.  Perceval,  Esq.  LL.D.  Director,  and  carried  unanimously : 
"  That  this  Meeting  desires  to  convey  to  the  President  the 
assurance  of  the  sincere  gratification  felt  by  the  Society  at  this 
mark  of  European  distinction  having  been  conferred  upon  him." 

The  following  gentlemen  were  admitted  Fellows : — 

Thomas  Morell  Blackie,  Esq. 
Samuel  Button  Walker,  Esq. 
Love  Jones  Parry,  Esq. 
Edward  Breese,  Esq. 

This  being  an  evening  appointed  for  the  election  of  Fellows, 
no  papers  were  read. 

The  ballot  began  at  a  quarter  to  nine,  and  ended  at  half-past 
nine,  when  the  following  Candidates  were  declared  to  be  duly 
elected : — 

George  William  Marshall,  Esq. 
Rev.  Joseph  Mercer  Cox. 
Rev.  George  Hewitt  Hodson. 
Frederick  Iltid  Nicholl,  Esq. 
Henry  James  Morehouse,  Esq. 
Frederick  Edward  Hulme,  Esq. 
John  William  Bone,  Esq. 
Sir  James  Jell  Chalk,  Knt. 
Charles  Joseph  Knight,  Esq. 
George  Rolleston,  Esq.  M.D.  F.R.S. 


June  6.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  327 

Thursday,  June  6th,  1872. 
C.  S.  PERCEVAL,  Esq.  LL.D.  Director,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  the  British  Archaeological  Association  : — The  Journal,  March  31.  8vo. 
London,  1872. 

From  the  Wiltshire  Archreological  and  Natural  History  Society  : — The  Maga- 
zine. No.  XXXVIII.  Vol.  13.  8vo.  Devizes  and  London,  1872. 

From  the  National  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  France  : — Memoires.  Quatrieme 
Serie.  Tome  2.  8vo.  Paris,  1871. 

The  following  letter  from  the  President  referring  to  the 
Resolution  passed  at  the  previous  Meeting  was  read  : — 

Grosvenor  Place,  June  2,  1872. 
Dear  Mr.  Watsoh, 

The  Resolution  which  was  passed  by  the  Society  at  its  last  weekly  meet- 
ing and  which  you  have  forwarded  is  in  a  very  high  degree  gratifying  to  me. 

I  should  desire  by  this  note,  which  I  hope  may  be  read  from  the  chair  on 
Thursday  next,  to  express  to  the  Society  my  grateful  thanks  for  this  and  their 
many  other  acts  of  kindness. 

Believe  me, 

Yours  very  faithfully, 

STANHOPE. 

An  announcement  was  made  from  the  Chair  that  the  Treasury 
had  consented  to  print  as  a  Parliamentary  Paper  the  Report 
of  the  Sepulchral  Monuments  Committee  of  the  Society  with 
Appendix  thereto  prepared  at  the  request  of  the  Rt.  Hon.  A.  H. 
Layard,  when  First  Commissioner  of  Works  and  Public  Buildings. 

Sir  James  Jell  Chalk  was  admitted  a  Fellow. 

J.  H.  PARKER,  Esq.  C.B.  F.S.A.  gave  an  account  to  the 
Meeting  of  the  progress  of  the  Excavations  carried  out  in  Rome 
during  the  year  1871-2. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  this  communication. 


Thursday,  June  13th,  1872. 
FREDERIC  OUVRY,  Esq.  Treasurer,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  A.  Way,  Esq.  M.A.  F.S.A.  :— The  Barons'  War,  including  the  Battles  of 
Lewes  and  Evesham.  By  W.  H.  Blaauw,  Esq.  M.A.  Second  Edition. 
8vo.  London  and  Lewes,  1871. 


328  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

From  the  East  India  Association  : — Journal.  No.  I,  Vol.  6.     8vo.  London,  1872. 
From  J.  W.  K.  Eyton,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :— 

1.  The  Fuller  Worthies'  Library.     Edited  by  the  Kev.  A.  B.  Grosart.    The 
complete  Works  of  Richard   Crashaw.     Vol.  I.     The  complete  Poems'  of 
Eobert  Southwell.     Two  vols.     Privately  printed.     8vo.     1872. 

2.  Miscellanies  of  the  Fuller  Worthies'  Library.     Edited  by  Rev.  A.  B. 
Grosart.       "  A    Crucifixe,"    and    "  Queene    Elizabeth's     Teares."       By 
Christopher    Lever    [completing    Vol.    III.]      The  complete    Poems    of 
Christopher  Brooke  [first  part  of  Vol.  IV].     Privately  printed.    8vo.    1872. 

3.  Early  English  Text  Society.     No  49.     Old  English  Miscellany.    Edited 
by    Rev.    R.    Morris.     No.    50.     King  Alfred's  West- Saxon  Version  of 
Gregory's  Pastoral  Care.    Edited  by  H.  Sweet.    Part  II.  51.     The  Liflade 
of   St.   Juliana.    Edited  by  Rev.  O.  Cockayne.    3  Vols.     8vo.    London, 

1872. 

4.  Mr.  Ashbee's  Occasional  Fac-simile  Reprints.    XXIII.    "  A  Three-fold 
Discourse  :"  1642.  XXIV.   "  Heads  of  all  Fashions  :"  by  John  Taylor  (the 
Water  Poet).)  1642.  XXV.  "  The  English  Mountebank  :"  1652.     XXVI. 
"  To  day  a  Man,  To  morrow  none  :"  1644.     Small  4to.     London,  1871-72. 

6.  Birmingham  in  Miniature ;  a  complete  Manual  for  the  Stranger.    24mo, 
Birmingham,  1851. 

F.  D.  HARTLAND,  Esq.  F.  S.  A.  exhibited  and  presented  two 
Arrow-heads  of  flint,  accompanied  by  the  following  notice  : — 

"  In  exhibiting  the  Flint  Arrow-heads,  of  which  I  have  the 
pleasure  of  requesting  the  acceptance  by  this  Society,  a  few 
remarks  of  the  way  in  which  I  obtained  them  may  not  be  out 
of  place,  although  a  tour  in  the  East  is  not  now  such  an  un- 
common affair  at  it  was  in  our  fathers'  time. 

"  Alexandria,  the  first  Eastern  city  usually  reached  by  Eu- 
ropeans, is  approached  by  a  long  winding  channel,  which  can  only 
be  threaded  by  experienced  pilots  during  the  hours  of  light,  and 
it  is  long  after  you  first  see  its  white  minarets  gleaming  in  the  sun 
that  you  land  on  its  quay  to  the  music,  that  is  the  first  in  Egypt 
to  reach  your  ears,  the  last  to  leave  them,  "  bakshish."  The 
rail  soon  takes  you  to  the  magnificent  capital  of  Cairo,  and 
there  Oriental  life  is  opened  to  you  in  all  its  grandeur.  You 
sit  at  your  window  in  the  Usebekeck,  and  everything  around 
you  is  new ;  there  goes  the  fretful  camel  under  its  load  of  sugar- 
canes,  casting  its  intelligent  and  watchful  eye  around ;  there 
rides  the  green-turbaned  shereef  or  descendant  of  the  prophet, 
on  his  fast  little  donkey — the  cheap  and  wonderfully  active 
carrier  of  Cairo ;  there  pass  the  jealously-veiled  beauties,  watched 
over  by  their  lord's  eunuchs ;  there,  uttering  their  cries,  are  the 
vendors  of  sherbet,  or  lemonade,  or  the  sweet  waters  of  the  Nile; 
there  is  the  Governor,  surrounded  by  his  kavasses ;  there,  in 
fact,  is  that  ever-teeming,  ever-babbling,  motley  crowd  of  the 
East  revelling  in  its  outdoor  sunshine  life. 

"  You  take  a  donkey-ride  through  the  crowded  bazaars,  where, 
at  a  kind  of  booth  elevated  a  few  feet  from  the  street,  sit  cross- 


June  13.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  329 

legged  the  vendors  of  all  the  luxuries  of  Asia  and  Africa.  There 
in  that  mean  stall,  looking  a  picture  of  poverty,  sits  the  jeweller, 
whose  chests  can  display  more  beauty  of  form  and  pride  of 
workmanship  than  could  be  found  in  any  shop  in  Bond  Street. 
There  are  rich  shawls  and  cashmeres,  here  pipes  and  amber 
stems,  there  spices  and  rich  incense—  In  fact,  you  ride  through 
a  succession  of  scenes  such  as  only  are  told  of  in  tales  of  The 
Arabian  Nights. 

"  A  rise  in  the  ground  at  length  and  a  short  steep  pull  takes 
you  up  to  the  citadel  of  Cairo,  and  here,  in  the  glorious  hues  of 
the  setting  sun,  you  look  over  its  thousand  minarets,  from  each 
of  which  the  mueddin  is  calling  the  faithful  to  prayer.  '  Prayer 
is  better  than  sleep  !  Prayer  is  better  than  sleep  !  There  is  one 
God  and  Mohammed  is  his  Prophet.'  You  look  over  this  surging 
hive  down  the  rich  green  quiet  valley  of  the  Nile  to  the  same 
grand  old  Pyramids  that  Abraham  looked  upon  so  many  thousand 
years  ago,  and  to  the  bleak,  drear  desert,  the  confines  of  which 
they  seem  to  guard,  and  you  feel  transported  far  back  into  the 
days  of  the  old  Pharaohs  and  the  times  when  Sesostris  went 
forth  to  conquer  and  bring  back  vast  trains  of  captives  to  build 
and  hew  out  those  wondrous  temples,  those  mighty  shrines, 
which,  far  down  from  where  those  bright  blue  waters  come, 
engage  and  will  engage  the  attention  of  antiquaries  as  long  as 
time  shall  last. 

"  In  the  view  on  the  other  side,  life  seems  to  die  out,  and 
death,  beginning  at  the  tombs  of  the  long-forgotten  kings,  seems 
to  spread  far  and  deep,  for  here  (so  near  to  the  city  that  on  one 
hand  all  is  life,  on  the  other  all  is  death)  commences  the  mighty 
desert.  Here  lies  the  land  where  the  wanderings  of  the  Israelites 
commenced,  and  here,  seated  on  your  camel,  you  must  follow  on 
their  route  to  Sinai. 

"  The  first  thing  that  strikes  you  is  the  wide  well-beaten  road 
— stretching  along  in  a  straight  line  all  the  way  from  Cairo  to 
Suez,  the  old  track  of  the  East  India  Company  before  the  rail 
replaced  it,  still  whitened  by  the  bones  of  animals,  and  in  the 
olden  time  often  by  those  of  men — this  empty  road  with  its 
deserted  stations  strikes  wonder  fully,  on  the  senses  in  the  dreary 
waste.  Three  days  brings  you  to  Suez,  the  miserable  station  of 
the  Peninsular  and  Oriental  Steam  Company,  with  its  disputed 
site  of  the  crossing  of  the  bright  blue  Red  Sea  ;  you  sail  on  its 
waters  and  are  carried  ignommiously  from  your  boat  to  your 
first  landing  on  the  shores  of  Asia. 

"  Once  past  the  brackish  water  of  the  Wells  of  Moses,  the 
Wilderness  of  Sin  stretches  before  you ;  and  none  but  those  who 
for  three  days  have  endured  a  monotonous  march  under  a  vertical 
sun,  whose  only  wish  is  for  the  day  to  pass,  and  dying  of  thirst, 


330  PEOCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

have  felt  the  deception  of  the  bright  mocking  waters  of  the 
mirage,  can  tell  the  relief  of  reaching  the  shady  tamarisks  and 
palm-tree  groves  of  Wady  Gherundel.  From  this  you  enter 
into  the  defiles  that  lead  to  Sinai ;  but  these  have  been  so  often 
described  that  I  shall  leave  them,,  and  turn  aside  to  the  locality 
to  which  I  wish  especially  to  call  your  attention. 

"  An  English  gentleman  travelling  in  these  parts  was  struck 
with  the  small  blue  stones  he  discovered  in  the  dried  watercourses 
that  in  the  rainy  season  convey  the  thousand  streams  that  hurry 
to  the  sea,  and  having  the  curiosity  to  bring  some  home  soon 
discovered  that  they  were  turquoises  of  no  common  order.  This 
determined  him  to  make  further  researches,  and  eventually  Ine 
has  built  a  house  near  the  junction  of  the  Wady  Kenuch,  the 
Wady  Mokatteb,  or  the  written  valley,  and  the  Wady  Megham, 
and  here,  aided  by  the  friendly  tribes  he  has  taken  into  his  pay, 
he  has  discovered  the  old  turquoise  mines  of  the  ancient 
Egyptians,  the  rocks  that  they  worked  for  the  stones,  the  very 
tools  they  used,  their  polishing  and  grinding  places,  and  bring- 
ing to  bear  on  this  the  advanced  knowledge  of  the  day  he  is 
obtaining  and  sending  over,  to  this  country  some  of  the  finest 
specimens  that  exist.  In  such  a  lonely  spot  he  naturally  has  not 
confined  his  attention  to  this  subject,  but  has  traced  out  their 
system  of  fortifications,  and,  what  is  still  more  wonderful,  the 
remains  of  what  were  their  vast  ironworks.  These  stand  on 
some  hills  at  a  place  called  Surabit-el-Khadin,  and  were  evidently 
conducted  on  the  Catalan  system,  and  the  ore  was  so  imperfectly 
extracted  that  one  piece  of  slag  I  brought  over  to  this  country 
from  the  vast  heaps  that  like  mountains  are  piled  around  con- 
tained no  less  than  fifty-three  per  cent,  of  iron. 

"  These  works  were  commenced  in  very  early  times,  and  each 
Pharaoh  as  he  continued  them  added  a  large  engraved  stone, 
not  unlike  our  tombstones,  to  state  his  work. 

"  Here  was  also  erected  a  small  temple  for  the  use  of  the 
workmen,  and  here  was  a  barrack  for  the  soldiers  who  pro- 
tected them  or  kept  them  in  order.  In  the  ruins  of  the  latter 
were  found  the  arrow-heads  I  exhibit. 

"  In  fear  of  fatiguing  you  I  have  only  briefly  touched  on  this 
most  interesting  subject,  but  I  do  hope  that  what  I  have  said 
may  have  the  effect  of  inducing  other  antiquaries  to  explore  this 
most  interesting  part  of  the  peninsula,  which  being  out  of  the 
beaten  track  finds  no  favour  with  the  dragoman,  and  is  passed 
by  unheeded. 

"  This  Society  has  an  interesting  collection  of  the  flint  period, 
and  I  hope  they  will  allow  me  to  add  to  it  what  I  believe  to  be 
the  earliest  known  specimens  in  the  world." 


June  13.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  331 

FREDERIC  OUVRY,  Esq.  Treasurer,  exhibited  a  Flint  Imple- 
ment obtained  011  a  recent  tour  in  Egypt.  This  object  was  thus 
described  by  John  Evans,  Esq.  F.R.S.  F.S.A. 

"  Mr.  Ouvry  exhibits  a  flint  implement  picked  up  by  himself 
on  the  Lybian  hills  above  Thebes.  It  is  of  oval  form,  5J  inches 
long,  and  2f  inches  wide,  and  more  convex  on  one  face  than  the 
other.  It  has  been  but  roughly  chipped  out,  though  there  is 
some  secondary  working  along  a  portion  of  the  side  edges. 
Though  entirely  -unpolished,  there  can  be  but  little  doubt  of  its 
belonging  to  the  Neolithic  period ;  and  it  was  probably  destined 
to  be  a  sort  of  axe  or  adze.  Polished  stone  hatchets  or  celts 
are  of  rare  occurrence  in  Egypt,  but  the  cutting  end  of  one 
formed  of  nearly  transparent  quartz,  and  found  in  that  country, 
is  preserved  in  the  Museum  at  Geneva.  Finely  chipped  blades 
of  flint  from  Egypt,  some  much  resembling  the  large  Scandi- 
navian blades*in  character,  and  others  with  a  lateral  tang  at  one 
end  for  insertion  in  a  haft,  are  to  be  seen  in  the  British  Museum, 
and  in  the  collection  at  Ley  den,  Berlin,  and  elsewhere.  Long 
and  well-formed  flint-flakes  have  also  been  found  in  Egypt, 
some  of  them  in  a  grave,  to  which  Lepsius  has  found  reason  to 
assign  a  date  of  about  2500  B.C.  More  rudely  chipped  flakes, 
scrapers,  &c.,  have  of  late  years  been  found  in  considerable 
numbers  by  M.  Arcelin,  and  others.  Some  of  them  were 
associated  with  polished  stone  hatchets." 

Mr.  BYLES,  of  Boxmoor  Station,  exhibited  through  John 
Evans,  Esq.  F.R.S.  F.S.A.  a  stone  Celt  found  lately  at  Whaddon 
in  Cambridgeshire. 

ROBERT  FERGUSON,  Esq.  Local  Secretary  for  Cumberland, 
exhibited  a  number  of  miscellaneous  antiquities  found  among 
Roman  remains  in  that  county,  during  the  last  two  or  three  years. 

The  collection  included  an  iron  hanging  lamp,  plain.  A  small 
bronze  sitting  figure,  which  seems  to  have  been  the  ornament 
of  a  helmet.  A  small  horn-handled  clasp  knife  for  suspension 
to  a  girdle,  keys,  fibulae,  and  other  small  objects. 

HODDER  M.  WESTROPP,  Esq.  exhibited  a  fragment  of  the 
bronze  matrix  of  a  Seal  of  an  Archbishop  of  Armagh,  dating 
probably  from  the  later  part  of  the  twelfth  century.  Half  a 
human  figure  only  remains,  with  a  leg  and  uplifted  right  arm, 
which  latter  terminates  in  two  large  projections,  which  can 
scarcely  be  intended  for  fingers.  It  is  difficult  to  say  whether 
when  complete  the  figure  was  a  full-length  effigy  or  seated. 
The  drawing  of  the  leg,  which  is  bold  and  good,  rather  indicates 
a  sitting  posture.  The  legend  reads  .  .  .  ARDMACHAENSIS  EPI. 


332  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

This  fragment  was  engraved  in  the  Gentleman's'  Magazine 
for  June  1863,  but  not  very  satisfactorily,  for  the  folds  of  the 
drapery  above  the  elbow  have  been  so  treated  as  to  give  the 
idea  of  a  grotesque  face. 

COLONEL  CAREW,  of  Crowcombe  Court,  exhibited  through 
Sir  Thomas  Duffus  Hardy  a  noble  manuscript  volume  dating 
from  the  tenth  century,  containing  with  a  few  other  pieces  a 
copy  of  the  Gospels  in  the  Vulgate  translation. 

The  contents  of  this  volume  have  been  fully  particularised  by 
the  learned  Deputy-keeper  of  the  Public  Records,  in  the  Appendix 
to  the  Second  Report  of  the  Historical  Manuscripts  Commission, 
pp.  74—76. 

As,  however,  it  did  not  fall  within  his  province  to  describe 
the  fine  illuminations  which  adorn  the  book,  the  following  note 
respecting  them  may  be  acceptable  : — 

1.  Full-page  illumination  : — St.  Matthew  seated  at  a  desk  on 
a  folding  stool,  over  his  head  a  curtain  suspended  by  rings  on  a 
cord,  crossing  the  corner  of  the  border  of  the  picture.     In  the 
opposite  corner  is  an  angel  holding  a  scroll. 

2.  Opposite  this  page  is  the  commencement  of  the  first  Gospel, 
the  L  of  LIBER  being  finely  ornamented  with  knot- work  and 
animals'  heads.     This  is  also  a  full-page  illumination,  and  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  broad  border. 

3.  Similar  full-page  bordered  illumination  of  St.  Luke,  with 
interlaced  squares  in  the  corners  of  the  border.     The  letter  Q, 
the  initial  of  QUIA,  faces  the  Evangelist,  who  is  seated  with  a 
curtain  over  his  head,  accompanied  by  his  emblem,  the  winged 
bull. 

4.  The  illumination  of  St.  John  has  also  the  feature  of  the  cur- 
tain.    The  eagle  appropriate  to  this  Evangelist  is  introduced  in 
the  right-hand  upper  corner,  bearing  a  scroll.     The  border  sur- 
rounding this  is  very  beautifully  adorned  with  eight  roundels, 
one  at  each  corner,  and  in  the  centre  of  each  side  ;  the  three 
upper   roundels   contain  repetitions  of  the  same  subject,  The 
Majesty  (the   Saviour  sitting  in  glory),  supported  by  angels. 
The  two  middle  roundels  each  contain  six  nimbed  figures  seated. 
In  the  centre  of  the  lower  border  two  angels  are  seen  sup- 
porting in  a  mantle  or  piece  of  drapery  of  a  blue   colour  a 
number  of  small  half-length  figures  naked,  and  with  upraised 
hands  ;  possibly  the   "  souls  crying  from  under  the  altar."     On 
either  side  is  a  group  consisting  of  three  nimbed  figures :  that  in 
the  centre  in  alb,  stole,  and  chasuble,  having  a  maniple  over 
the  fingers  of  the  outspread  left  hand ;  he  is  attended  by  two 
personages  in  mantles,  one  carrying  a  book.    Four  crowned  heads, 
all  looking  upwards  and  inwards,  are  placed  in  panels,  two  on 


June  13.] 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES. 


333 


either  side,  alternating  with  the  roundels,,  and  completing  the 
border. 

5.  The  opposite  page,  beginning  the  text  of  the  Gospel,  is  of 
precisely  similar  composition  as  to  the  border.  The  upper 
centre  contains  the  Blessed  Virgin  seated,  with  the  Divine 
Infant,  and  with  right  hand  uplifted,  holding  up  an  object 
resembling  a  roll,  all  within  a  vesica  ;  on  either  side  a  cherub 
with  six  wings.  The  two  centre  roundels  contain  groups  of  three, 
very  similar  to  those  already  described,  but  the  four  assistant 
personages  are  crowned,  and  all  look  upwards  and  inwards.  At 
the  foot,  each  roundel  has  a  group  of  three,  that  in  the  centre 
comprising  a  tonsured  ecclesiastic  in  a  long  blue  dress  with  hood, 
a  two-headed  pastoral  staff  in  one  hand,  an  open  book  in  the 
other ;  with  two  smaller  tonsured  figures,  one  bearing  a  book. 
The  other  two  groups  are  of  women,  each  bearing  a  book.  The 
kingly  busts  in  the  quadrangular  panels  complete  the  design. 
The  initial  I  of  the  words  IN  PRINCIPIO  is  adorned  with  knots 
and  heads  of  beasts. 

Near  the  end  of  the  volume  is  a  copy  of  the  letter  addressed 
to  King  Alfred  by  Fulco,  Archbishop  of  Rheims  (A.  D.  883 — 
900)  introducing  a  priest  named  Grimbald.  The  initial  G  of  the 


INITIAL  FROM  COLONEL  CAREW'S   MS. 


word  GLORIOSISSIMO,  with  which  the  letter  begins,  is  of  sin- 
gularly fine  design.  A  faithful  outline  is  given  in  the  accom- 
panying woodcut.  The  letter  itself  is  printed  in  Wise's  edition 
of  Asser's  Life  of  King  Alfred,  and  elsewhere. 


334  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

C.  D.  E.  FORTNUM,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  seven  antique  Gold 
Kings  from  Palestrina,  accompanied  by  a  descriptive  notice,  which, 
with  engravings  of  the  rings,  will  appear  in  the  Archaeologia. 

JOHN  BRENT,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary  for  Kent,  com- 
municated a  memoir  on  Polychrome  Beads,  from  various  parts 
of  the  world,  which  will  be  printed  in  the  Archseologia. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  communications. 


Thursday,  June  20th,  1872. 
J.  WINTER  JONES,  Esq.  V.P.,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  J.  W.  K.  Eyton,  Esq.  F.S.A. — 

1.  Some  Revelations  in  Irish  History  ;  or,  Old  Elements  of  Creed  and  Class 

Conciliation  in  Ireland.  Edited  by  Saxe  Bannister,  M.A.  8vo.  London,  1870. 

2.  Catalogue  of  the  Shakespeare  Memorial  Library.     By  J.  D.  Mullins.     First 

Part.     English  Editions  of  Shakespeare's  Works.    8vo.    Birmingham,  1872. 

From  F.  Ouvry,  Esq.  Treas.  S.A. : — Notice  des  Principaux  Monuments 
exposes  dans  les  Galeries  Provisoires  du  Musee  d'Antiquites  Egyptiennes 
de  S.  A.  le  Vice-Roi  a  Boulaq.  Par  Aug.  Mariette.  Troisieme  Edition. 
8vo.  Paris,  1869. 

From  the  Author  : — The  Ancient  Stone  Implements,  Weapons,  and  Ornaments 
of  Great  Britain.  By  John  Evans,  F.R.S.  F.S.A.  8vo.  London,  1872. 

A  vote  of  special  Thanks  was  accorded  to  John  Evans,  Esq. 
for  his  present  of  an  early  copy  of  his  work,  the  issue  of  which 
had  been  looked  forward  to  with  great  interest  by  many  Fellows 
of  the  Society. 

Charles  Joseph  Knight,  Esq.  was  admitted  a  Fellow. 

HENRY  H.  BREEN,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  by  the  hands  of  the 
Secretary,  and  presented  to  the  numismatic  cabinet  of  the  Society, 
two  Silver  Coins — 

1.  A  ten-stiver  piece  of  the  seven  United  Provinces,  1775, 
with  the  legend :  HAG  NITIMUR,  HANG  TUEMUR. 

2.  Small  piece,  issued  during  the  reign  of  the  French  monarch 
Louis  XV.  for  circulation  in  that  division  of  the  Antilles  known 
as  "  Les  Isles  du  Vent,"  or,  as  we  call  them,  6t  The  Windward 
Islands,"    comprising    Martinique,    St.    Lucia,   Barbadoes,  St. 
Vincent,  Grenada,  and  Tobago-     At  the  period  referred  to  the 
whole  of  those  islands,  with  the  exception  of  Barbadoes,  were 
dependencies  of  the  French  Crown. 


June  20.] 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES. 


335 


John  Rogerson,  Lord  Hollo,  proposed  for  election  as  a  Fellow, 
being  entitled  as  a  Peer  of  the  Realm  to  have  his  election  at 
once  proceeded  with,  the  ballot  for  such  election  was  taken,  and 
his  Lordship  was  declared  to  be  unanimously  elected. 

HODDER  M.  WESTROPP,  Esq.  communicated  a  note  on  the 
hafting  of  bronze  palstaves,  in  which  he  contended  that  the 
method  adopted  in  Siberia  at  the  present  day :  for  handling  iron 
weapons  of  this  kind,  described  by  the  late  Mr.  Kemble  in 
Hor<%  FeraleS)  p.  77,  was  equally  applicable  with  the  mode 
suggested  by  the  late  Mr.  Du  Noyer,  which  is  illustrated  by  a 
woodcut  in  Wilde's  Catalogue  of  the  Royal  Irish  Academy.  In 
this  method  a  cleft  stick  is  used  and  the  blade  is  parallel  to 
the  haft ;  while  by  Mr.  Westropp's  arrangement  the  implement 
has  the  blade  at  right  angles  to  the  haft,  like  an  adze. 

ROBERT  DAY,  Esq.  Jun.  F.S.A.  exhibited  a  bronze  Cross,  for 
the  use  of  the  blocks  illustrating  which  the  Society  is  indebted 
to  the  exhibitor.  This  exhibition  was  accompanied  by  the  fol- 
lowing note : — 

"  The  bronze  cross,  which  is  here  engraved  of  the  actual  size 


.  i.  Fig.  2. 

BRONZE  CROSS  FROM  CO.  LONGFORD. 


(fig.  1),  was  found  during  the  Spring  of  1865,  in  the  county 
Longford,  and  the  different  patterns  of  the  ornamentation  with 
which  it  is  enriched  are  peculiarly  Celtic  in  both  character  and 
feeling.  The  back  portion  of  the  relic  is  also  engraved  (fig.  2), 
so  that  the  mode  by  which  it  was  attached  and  the  purpose  it 
was  intended  to  fulfil  may  be  better  determined. 


336  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THK  [1872, 

a  It  may  have  served  as  an  ornament  for  a  missal  cover,  on 
which  it  would  have  been  attached  by  the  two  back  loops  to  a 
Hat  surface,  the  other  loop  overhanging  and  securing  a  move- 
able  clasp,  or  it  may  have  been  the  centre  ornament  on  either  a 
shrine,  reliquary,  or  cross.  The  setting  of  the  centre  collet, 
which  was  probably  crystal,  amber,  or  enamel,  has  been  lost, 
and  the  intertwined  ornament  that  surrounds  it,  instead  of  being 
superimposed  upon  the  metal  as  in  the  fine  gold  or  silver  filagree 
work  that  occurs  on  such  ornaments  as  the  Tara  brooch,  is  here 
simply  engraved  or  chased  and  overlaid  with  a  heavy  plating  of 
gold.  The  workman  had  perhaps  some  such  work  of  art  as  the 
Cong  cross  or  Ardagh  cup  to  model  from,  but  he  had  not  either 
the  requisite  skill  or  time  sufficient  to  imitate  the  style  of  work 
which  they  display. 

"  A  portion  of  the  dexter  arm  of  the  cross  is  wanting,  and  the 
sinister  arm  bears  the  representation  of  a  partly-hooded  human 
face;  the  angles  and  sides  of  the  upper  and  lower  limbs  closely 
resemble  the  ornament  on  a  fibula  figured  in  Wilde's  Catalogue, 
p.  565,  and  to  another  in  the  Kilkenny  Journal  for  April  1869." 

THOMAS  HELSBY,  Esq.  barrister-at-law,  of  Manchester,  ex- 
hibited a  portfolio  of  Drawings,  of  which  the  following  account 
was  given  by  JOHN  G-OUGH  NICHOLS,  Esq.  F.S.A. 

"  These  drawings  were  taken  in  the  year  1854  from  ancient 
paintings  and  inscriptions  on  the  pillars  of  the  Latin  Conventual 
Church  at  Bethlehem,  and  the  history  of  the  collection,  as  I  am 
informed,  is  this.  They  were  given  to  Mr.  Helsby  by  the  Rev. 
William  Charles  Cotton,  M.A.  Vicar  of  Frodsham,  Cheshire ; 
that  gentleman,  when  travelling  in  the  East,  met  incidentally 
with  a  Swiss  artist  (R.  Durren,  of  Berne),  by  whom  the  drawings 
were  copied  from  their  originals,  and  who,  having  received  some 
favours  from  Mr.  Cotton,  presented  them  to  him. 

"  I  am  not  aware  that  any  traveller  has  previously  noticed  these 
paintings,  but  there  is  nothing  about  the  drawings  exhibited  to 
raise  a  suspicion  of  their  not  being  faithfully  copied.  The 
originals  appear  to  have  been  memorials  of  pilgrims,  who  not 
only,  like  a  modern  Englishman,  were  desirous  to  leave  their 
names  at  the  places  they  visited,  but,  in  the  spirit  of  the  medi- 
aeval ages,  thought  it  right  to  distinguish  their  identity  more 
conspicuously  by  some  of  their  armorial  insignia.  They  are 
evidently  of  different  dates,  and  commemorative  of  natives  of 
very  different  countries — German,  French,  Italian,  perhaps 
Greek,  and  in  one  case  only  of  an  Englishman — Burdyt  of  the 
C  .  .  . — the  last  word  unfortunately  obscure. 

"  Whether  these  are  all  the  paintings  the  artist  could  find  or 
decipher  in  the  church,  or  whether  they  are  only  a  portion  of 


JuilC  20.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  337 

the  whole,  is  not  ascertained,  for  no  other  notice  of  them  has 
hitherto  been  found. 

"  The  main  architectural  features  of  the  church  were  described 
long  ago  by  the  English  traveller  George  Sandys  : — 

On  the  site  of  a  grot  or  cave  used  for  a  stable,  in  which  our  Saviour  was  born, 
the  empress  Helena  "  erected  this  goodly  temple,  yet  entire,  and  possest  by  the 
Franciscans  of  Jerusalem  (of  whom  some  few  are  here  continually  resident), 
called  Saint  Maries  of  Bethlehem.  In  forme  representing  a  Crosse,  the  stalke 
whereof  compriseth  the  body  ;  entred  at  the  lower  end  through  a  portico  sustained 
with  sixtecne  pillars.  The  roofe,  in  the  midst,  is  lofty,  flat,  arid  (if  I  forget  not) 
of  cedar ;  the  sides,  of  the  same  fabricke,  but  much  more  humble,  are  upheld 
with  four  ranks  of  pillars,  ten  in  a  row,  each  of  one  entire  marble, — white,  and  in 
many  places  beautifully  speckled,  the  largest  and  fairest  that  ever  I  saw  :  whose 
upper  ends  do  declare  that  they  have  in  part  bene  exquisitely  guilded.  The 
walles  are  flagged  with  large  tables  of  white  marble,  wel-nigh  to  the  top  :  the 
rest  adorned  with  mosaique  painting,  although  now  greatly  defaced.  *  *  * 
The  three  upper  ends  of  the  Crosse  do  end  in  three  semicircles,  having  in  each 
an  altar.  In  the  midst  the  Chaucell,  roofed  with  a  stately  cupolo,  .covered 
without  with  lead,  and  garnished  within  with  mosaique  figures."  A  Relation  of 
a  Journey  begun  An.' Don.  1610.  First  edition  1615,  p.  177  :  followed  in  p. 
178  by  an  engraved  plan,  "  The  platforme  of  the  Temple  anil  Monestary  in 
Bethlem  With  the  place  of  our  Saviours  nativity." 

"  In  the  nave  of  the  church  are  shown  on  either  side  two  rows 
of  ten  columns,  forty  in  all  :  and  it  is  evidently  to  these  rows 
that  our  Swiss  artist  refers  by  his  term  ligne. 

The  following  is  an  attempt  to  describe  the  devices  of  the 
drawings,  with  a  conjectural  reading  of  the  inscriptions  which 
accompany  them  :— 

[The  numbering  of  the  sheets  is  merely  as  they  are  now  bound 
up,  by  accident,  in  the  portfolio.] 

1  colonne  a  clroite,  2  ligne.     (Sheet  l.J 

A  kneeling  male  figure,  in  profile  to  the  left,  the  head  almost 
faded  away,  hands  raised  as  in  prayer,  in  blue  clothing,  and 
large  mantle,  on  his  legs  and  feet  resembling  modern  trowsers 
and  boots.  At  his  side  a  purse  ornamented  with  a  scallop  shell. 

"2  colonne  a  droite,  1  ligne.     ( Sheet  7.) 

A  tilting  helmet,  with  a  very  tall  stag's  head  for  crest,  rising 
out  of  a  red  cap  terminating  in  five  curved  points.  Inscription, 
Karage  a  shed. 

A  fanciful  shield,  the  upper  margin  of  which  terminates  in 
three  fleurs  de  lis ;  its  charge  apparently  a  comet.  It  stands  be- 
tween the  letters  A  M.  It  has  for  crest  a  camelopard's  head, 
crowned  with  a  flat  cap ;  with  an  inscription,  which  is  perhaps 
current  Greek. 

3  colonne  a  droite,  ligne  1.     (Sheet  3.) 

An  inscription  only  — 

BAYAHT  YO  VEIN  ANY. 
VOL.  V.  Z 


338  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

4  colonne  a  droite,  1  ligne.     (Third  sketch  on  sheet  9.) 
In  red,  Johd  vd  anhe.     Burdyt  of  the  Godly  (?) 

5  colonne  a  droite  de  Pentode,  1  ligne.     (Sheet  9.) 

On  a  helmet  a  boar's,  or  perhaps  an  elephant's,  head,  in 
profile,  with  long  flapping  ears,  and  something  like  a  tall  crown 
of  feathers.  Inscribed  pourpre. 

5  colonne  a  droite,  2  ligne.     (Sheet  2.) 

A  kneeling  figure  not  unlike  that  on  the  first  column,  but  only 
drawn  in  one  brown  tint,  looking  to  the  sinister,  and  on  the  other 
side  of  a  heater  shield  two  female  figures,  also  kneeling,  facing 
the  male  figure.  The  shield  is  very  long  and  acutely  pointed, 
with  a  cross  band  and  a  border,  and  a  wide  loop  as  if  for  suspen- 
sion at  top. 

1  colonne  a  gauche  de  V entree,  1  ligne.     (Sheet  11.) 

On  a  helmet,  a  fish  or  part  of  a  wild  beast  with  great  teeth, 
fixed  by  its  mouth  on  the  helmet;  inscription,  bernzot  Rosi  By 
the  side  a  small  shield,  Gules,  a  fess  parti-indented  argent  and 
sable. 

3  colonne  a  gauche,  1  ligne.     (Sheet  6.) 

Two  shields  couche  in  conjunction,  the  dexter,  Gules,  a  pile 
argent ;  the  sinister,  Argent,  a  sable. 

Both  have  helmets  and  mantling,  which,  with  the  crests, 
face  each  other.  The  dexter  crest  resembles  a  chapeau,  the 
front  turned  up  argent  or  ermine,  its  skull-cap  gules,  from 
which  rise  two  horns  also  gules,  tipped  argent.  The  first,  for 
crest,  on  a  cap,  two  horns  like  the  proboscis  of  an  elephant.  The 
second,  a  dragon  or  wyvern  sejant,  wings  addorsed,  drawn 
in  outline. 

To  the  first  is  attached  the  wordflandre,  to  the  second  le  bas 
flandresa. 

At  the  corner  of  the  same  sheet  is  a  small  sketch  of  a  shield, 
charged  with  two  oars  (?)  in  saltire. 

3  colonne  a  gauche,  2  ligne.     (Second  sketch  on  sheet  9.) 

Inscription,  in  black,  hokelem  beg (?) 

In  red,  a  pot-shaped  shield,  Per  fess  indented  argent  and 
gules,  a  chief  of  the  second.  Inscription  :  Svenstellanus  (?) 

5  colonne  a  gauche,  2  ligne.     (Sheet  4.) 

A  shield  couche,  Sable,  a  bend;  with  a  crest,  on  a  helmet  and 
wreath,  two  very  long  ears,  tinctured  and  charged  as  the  shield. 
The  helmet  is  of  the  fifteenth  century. 


June  20.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  339 

7  colonne  a  gauche,  1  ligne.     (Sheet  10.) 

On  a  helmet,  and  wreath,  a  head  in  profile,  like  an  ape's, 
between  high  bunches  of  feathers.  Inscription  :  Araynos  al  ram 
dd  de  Brugios  (?)  Below  the  drawing,  bon  sove  .... 

2.  A  helmet  drawn  in  front  perspective;  crest,  a  pair  of  bullock's 
horns  and  hairy  scalp.  The  mantling  is,  externally,  party  per 
pale ;  on  the  dexter  side,  argent,  seme  of  pellets,  on  the  sinister 
sable  ;  internally,  ermine.  Inscription  :  Coucy  de  Gaul. 

8  colonne  a  gauche,  1  ligne.     (Sheet  5.) 

Two  pairs  of  crests,  probably  each  pair  of  two  brothers. 
All  are  placed  upon  helmets,  The  first  pair  are,  out  of  a  coronet 
formed  of  one  flower  between  two  leaves,  a  demi-swan  beaked 
gules,  with  long  wings.  One  is  accompanied  with  the  inscrip- 
tion, Roye  o  droyt;  the  other  (apparently)  Roguet.  The  crests 
of  the  secend  pair  are,  placed  on  a  helmet  and  flat  chapeau,  a 
moor's  head  in  profile,  wreathed  gules.  The  inscriptions  are, 
Mathieu  de  Hangiest  and  Laurence  de  Hangiest.  The  family  of 
Hangest  was  of  great  antiquity  in  Piccardy.  Rogue  de  Hangest 
was  made  a  marshal  of  France  in  1352.  See  Diet.  Geneal.  ii.  261. 

9  colonne  a  gauche,  1  ligne.     (Second  sketch  on  sheet  11.) 

On  a  helmet  two  very  tall  wings  affronte,  each  charged  with 
three  bendlets  gules.  Inscription  RiV  ma  I  1276.  (Whether  the 
last  characters  were  intended  for  the  Arabic  numerals  1276  may 
be  questioned,  but  their  appearance  resembles  them  perfectly.) 

Two  drawings  from  places  not  indicated.     (Sheet  8.) 

1.  On  a  helmet  an   old   man's  head,  in  profile,  with   long 
beard ;  on  his  head  a  pointed  cap,  and  fixed  on  its  point  a  long 
feather.     Inscription,  bombona  Stirist. 

2.  A  small  blank  shield,  couche ;  on  a  helmet  above  it  this 
crest, — from  a  coronet  a  horse's  head  (or  zebra's),  with  long 
ears.     Inscribed,  Sarmnysy  (?). 

JOHN  F.  LUCAS,  Esq.,  exhibited-  two  gold  Torques,  which 
may  be  described  as  follows  : — 

1.  A  gold  torque  of  the  funicular  type,  formed  of  two  bands, 
each  bent    at    a  right    angle,  and    then  twisted    together ;  the 
recurved  ends  are  solid.     Entire  length  3  feet  9J  inches  ;  weight 
5  oz.  437^  grains.     It  was  found  in  1853  in  Staffordshire  at 
Stanton,  near  Ashborne.      Several  ornaments  of  this  kind  have 
been  found  in  the  British  islands.     See  Archaeological  Journal, 
vol.  ii.  379 ;  vol.  iii.  27.    Proceedings,  ii.  103, 136.    2<*  S.  iii.  439. 

2.  A  gold  torque  formed  of  a  flat  band  loosely  twisted  and 

z  2 


340  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

terminating  in  small  hooks,  by  which  it  has  been  fastened. 
Length  2  feet  3  inches ;  weight  3  oz.  420  grains.  It  was  dis- 
covered at  Swineford,  co.  Sligo,  Ireland,  in  October  1868.  This 
variety  of  torque  has  been  termed  by  Sir  W.  Wilde  a  Mum-tore, 
or  Muinche.  See  his  catalogue  of  objects  in  gold  in  theRoyal  Irish 
Academy,  p.  73.  They  are  not  uncommon  in  Ireland  and 
Scotland.* 

A.  W.  FRANKS,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  a  Ring  of  pinkish 
agate  inscribed  with  a  legend  in  Runes.  The  Ring  is  described, 
and  the  inscription  not  very  correctly  given,  in  the  -  Archaeologia,' 
vol.  xxi.  p.  1 17.  A  woodcut  of  both  will  accompany  Mr.  Fi'anks's 
remarks  in  a  future  volume  of  the  same  work. 

Dr.  GUSTAV  OPPERT  communicated  a  paper  on  "  The  Vulgar 
Christian  ^Era,"  which  will  appear  in  the  Archaeologia. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  communica- 
tions. 


Thursday,  June  27th,  1872. 
J.  WINTER  JONES,  Esq.  V.P.  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  the  Royal  Geographical  Society.— Proceedings.  Vol.  XVI.  No.  2.  8vo. 
London,  1872. 

From  the  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society  of  Liverpool. — Proceedings.  Six- 
tieth Session,  1870-71.  No.  XXV.  8vo.  London  and  Liverpool,  1871. 

From, the  Author. — Architecture  Romane  du  Midi  de  la  France.  Appendice. 
Etudes  comparatives  et  classification  de  ses  Edifices  Religieux  anterieurs  au 
XIe  siecle.  Par  Henry  Revoil.  Fol.  Paris,  1870. 

John  Rogerson,  Lord  Rollo,  was  admitted  a  Fellow. 

OCTAVIUS  MORGAN,  Esq.  M.P.  F.S.A.  exhibited  and  presented 
the  following  publications  of  the  Arundel  Society,  in  continua- 
tion : — 

Issue  of  1871.     First  publications. 

1.  The  Annunciation  with  the  Prophets  and  Sibyls.  By  the 
Brothers  Van  Eyck.  In  the  cathedral  of  St.  Bavon  at  Ghent. 

*  In  consequence  of  the  death  of  Mr.  Lucas,  these  gold  ornaments  have  passed 
into  other  hands  ;  the  first  of  them  has  been  bequeathed  to  Dr.  J.  Barnard  Davis, 
F.S.A. ;  and  the  second  has  been  purchased  by  the  Trustees  of  the  British 
Museum,  with  other  portions  of  Mr.  Lucas'  collection. 


June  27.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  341 

2.  St.  Cecilia  at  the  Organ,  and  an  Angelic  Choir.     By  the 
Brothers  Van  Eyck.     In  the  cathedral  of  St.  Bavon  at  Ghent. 

3.  The  Prophet  Jeremiah.     By  Michael  Angelo.     In  the  Sis- 
tine  Chapel  at  Rome. 

Issue  of  1872.     First  publications. 

1.  Side  Compartment  (No.  1)  of  the  Crucifixion.     By  Pietro 
Perugino.     In  the  convent  of  Santa  Maria  Maddalena  de'  Pazzi 
at  Florence. 

2.  The  Crucifixion,  centre  compartment  of  the  same. 

3.  Side  Compartment  (No.  2)  of  the  same. 

The  following  letter  was  read,  addressed,  by  order  of  the 
Council,  to  the  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  : — 

*  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London,  Somerset  House, 

June  26,  1872. 

Sir,— At  a  meeting  of  the  Council  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London 
held  yesterday,  the  25th  inst.  Earl  Stanhope,  President,  in  the  Chair,  I  was  in- 
structed to  convey  to  you  the  annexed  Resolution,  which  was  moved  by  the 
President,  seconded  by  Octavius  Morgan,  Esq.  M.P.  and  carried  unanimously. 

I  am,  Sir,  your  obedient  Servant, 

C.  KNIGHT  WATSON, 

The  Right  Hon.  Robert  Lowe,  M.P.  Secretary. 

Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer. 

(Inclosure.) 

"  The  President  and  Council  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  -London  having 
been  apprised  that  the  excavations  on  the  site  of  the  Temple  of  Diana  at  Ephesus 
have  been  suspended,  desire  with  all  respect  to  express  to  Her  Majesty's  Govern- 
ment  their  earnest  hope  that  this  suspension  is  only  temporary,  and  that  means 
will  be  provided  to  carry  to  its  close  a  work  which  has  been  so  auspiciously 
begun." 

The  receipt  of  this  communication  has  been  duly  acknowledged. 

THOMAS  HUGHES,  Esq.  F.S.A  exhibited  a  fragment  (the 
shoulder)  of  a  Roman  Amphora  found,  in  the  presence  of  the 
exhibitor,  on  the  site  of  the  Blue  Girls'  New  School,  lately 
erected  near  St.  John's  Church,  Chester.  The  fragment  lay 
on  the  clay,  8  feet  below  the  surface  of  the  soil.  When  found, 
a  coat  of  mortar  was  adherent  to  the  outside  of  the  fragment. 
This  being  carefully  cleaned  away  by  Mr.  Hughes  and  the 
contractor,  who  happened  to  be  on  the  spot,  a  scratched  inscrip- 
tion was  revealed. 

The  Secretary  having  taken  an  opportunity  of  communicating 
this  discovery  to  Professor  Hiibner,  who  is  now  engaged  upon 
the  Roman  inscriptions  found  in  Great  Britain,  received  from 
him  the  following  note  on  the  subject : — 

"—  -  curious  is  the  piece  of  amphora 'from  Chester.  The 
inscription  has  been  evidently  scratched  on  it  with  a  knife,  when 


342  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

the  clay  was  still  wet.  So  the  workmen  often  did,  as  you  know. 
The  graffiti  on  tiles  and  vessels  of  every  description  are  nowhere 
scarce ;  but  most  of  these  writings  are  unintelligible ;  only 
here  and  there  a  name  is  to  be  made  out.  On  tiles  quotations 
out  of  the  poets,  especially  from  Virgil,  are  to  be  found.  The 
word  on  the  Chester  fragment  is  evidently 


\  0  V  II 


that  is  moves.  The  last  four  strokes  seem  to  be  accidental  or 
ornamental.  The  character  of  the  letters  is  of  a  good  epoch ; 
they  may  very  easily  belong  to  the  first  century.  It  is  impos- 
sible to  conjecture  anything  about  the  sense  of  that  single  word 
moves.  The  scratchings  have  often  an  erotic  character ;  so  one 
might  fancy  the  workman,  being  in  love,  may  have  put  to  his 
sweetheart  the  poetical  apostrophe  "inoendia  moves,"  in  recollect- 
ing Ovid's 

c  Adstiterit  tunicata ;  Moves  incendia,  clama ; ' 

(Art.  Amat.  ii.  301).  But  this  is  merely  a  conjecture.  In  the 
fourth  volume  of  the  Corpus  Inscr.  Lat.  amongst  the  Fompeian 
graffiti,  there  are  many  of  that  kind." 

A.  W.  FRANKS,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  an  impression  of  a  Seal, 
which  he  thus  described  : — 

"  I  beg  to  exhibit  an  impression  from  the  brass  matrix  of  a 
seal  recently  found  among  old  iron  and  rubbish  in  a  house  near 
Doncaster,  and  which  has  been  presented  to  the  British  Museum 
by  the  Rev.  J.  F.  Dimock. 

"It  is  pointed  oval  in  form,  1-V  inches  long,  and  has  the 
usual  loop  at  one  end  of  the  back.  The  subject  is  the  Annunci- 
ation, and  the  legend  a  pentameter  verse — 

*   CHRISTI  CONCLAVE  VE  QVIA  TOLLIS  AVE. 

"  c  Hail  thou  receptacle  of  Christ,  because  thou  takest  away 
woe.'*  This  is  the  reading  proposed  by  Mr.  Dimock,  and  which 
seems  correct,  though  '  Conclave  Christi '  is  an  unusual  title  for 
the  Virgin.* 

"  The  seal  is  evidently  the  secretum  or  counter-seal  of  an 
English  ecclesiastic  of  the  close  of  the  thirteenth  century,  and  is 
a  valuable  addition  to  the  national  collection." 

*  For  other  examples  of  the  mediaeval  use  of  the  interjection  vce  as  a  sub- 
stantive, see  ante,  pp.  254,  256, 


June  27.] 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES. 


343 


Eev.  ASSHETON  POWNALL,  F.  S.A.  Local  Secretary  for  Leices- 
tershire, exhibited  the  object  of  mixed  metal,  possibly  a  sword 
pomel,  which  is  here  figured. 


It  was  found  at  East  Farndon  in  Northamptonshire,  by  a 
labourer,  not  far  below  the  surface. 

A.  W.  Franks,  Esq.  F.S.A.  in  a  letter  to  Mr.  Pownall,  re- 
marked as  follows : — 

"  Though  the  shape  of  the  little  object  of  which  you  have  sent 
me  a  drawing  is  somewhat  different  from  any  I  have  seen,  I 
cannot  but  think  that  it  is  a  sword  pomel.  Perhaps  for  some 
official  sword,  I  should  guess,  of  the  thirteenth  century." 

AUGUSTUS  GOLDSMID,  Esq.  F.S.A.  communicated  a  paper  on 
the  origin  of  the  word  Coach,  which  he  traced  to  the  Hungarian 
language. 

W.  L.  LAWRENCE,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  a  bronze  Bowl,  with 
Arabic  inscriptions  and  talismanic  characters,  as  to  which  the 
following  note  was  communicated  by  the  Vice-President  in  the 
Chair  :- 

A  magic  bowl,  supposed  to  give  healing  or  protecting  power 
to  liquor  poured  into  it.  The  virtue  is  comprised  in  the  verses 
from  the  Koran — the  repetition  of  the  name  of  Allah  or  God, 
and  certain  cabalistic  numbers.  The  age  is  uncertain.  These 
bowls  date  back  as  far  as  the  thirteenth  or  fourteenth  century, 
but  as  they  have  been  copied  from  time  to  time,  with  more  or 
less  accuracy,  the  inscriptions  are  often  corrupted,  and  some- 
times to  such  an  extent  as  to  be  utterly  unintelligible. 


344  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

So  far  as  they  can  be  read  they  are  as  follows  ;  —    .- 

Inside. 


In  the  centre  -'M*  surrounded  by    L^  b,  which  may  perhaps 


be  read  j^  U   yajabbar,  0  Almighty. 

Around  this:  [^j]    %  JL-  *i>\5  51  ^'&\  ^\  p  »•  ill  21  <dtt 

part  of  Kor'an,  ii.  256,  "  God,  there  is  no  God  but  He,  the 

living,  the  everlasting,  whom  slumber  doth  not  seize  nor  (sleep). 

The    circlets    contain   alternately  cabalistic  figures   and   the 

names  of  God  in  Arabic  :    b     ..^i    \>   *U\  l>   L_£Sl->  "\j\    *$\ 

..    ^      j  ,   p 

+z>-j.   0  God,  lo,  we  ask  of  Thee,  0  Allah,  0  compassionate, 

0  merciful,  &c. 

Round  the  inner  edge  the  word  <M  Allah  is  repeated  over 
and  over  again. 

Outside. 

In  the  centre,  Solomon's  seal.  Around  the  edge,  Kor'an,  ii. 
256,  from  the  beginning  to  [/ll]  Uj  ^  ,  this  last  word  being 
omitted  for  want  of  room. 

J.  T.  WOOD,  Esq.  who  had  recently  returned  from  Ephesus, 
communicated  orally  an  account  of  the  excavations  which  he 
had  executed  there  on  the  site  of  the  Temple  of  Diana,  noticing 
some  of  the  principal  antiquities  discovered,  and  which  have 
been  placed  in  the  British  Museum. 

Sir  WILLIAM  TITE,  C.B.  M.P.  V.P.  exhibited  two  drawings 
of  a  portion  of  Torre  Abbey,  accompanied  by  the  following 
observations,  contained  in  a  letter  addressed  to  the  Secretary:— 

"  In  my  communication  to  you  upon  the  monumental  screen 
at  Paignton,*  two  or  three  miles  from  Torquay,  I  spoke  of  some 
very  curious  Norman  ruins  at  Torre  (close  to  Torquay),  on  the 
western  side.  Torre  Abbey  is  at  present  the  property  of  the 
old  family  of  the  Careys,  and  the  existing  owner,  Mr.  Robert 
Carey,  to  prevent  the  destruction  of  the  beautiful  remains  by  a 
thoughtless  public,  preserves  them  with  great  care,  and  until  I 
obtained  his  special  consent,  which  he  readily  and  very  kindly 
gave,  I  was  unable  to  draw  them. 

"  The  ruins  are  so  little  known  to  the  inhabitants  of  Torquay, 
that  when  I  showed  the  sketches  to  a  clergyman  who  lived 
within  a  few  hundred  yards  of  the  estate,  he  said  he  did  not 
know  of  their  existence. 

*  See  ante,  p.  276. 


June  27.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  345 

"  The  drawings  which  I  send  you  consist  of  a  Norman  arched 
doorway  and  two  side  windows,  traditionally  said  to  be  the  door 
of  the  chapter  house.  The  destruction  of  the  abbey  has  been 
most  complete.  It  has  been  thrown  down  with  great  violence, 
and  it  is  impossible  to  trace  the  plan.  At  some  distance  east- 
ward from  this  doorway  are  the  fragments  of  an  east  window, 
and  in  the  south  wall  are  the  complete  remains  of  a  Norman 
piscina,  as  shown  in  the  sketch,  and  in  front  of  the  altar  is  the 
smaller  of  the  two  stone  coffins. 

"  Leaving  this  part  of  the  ruins  altogether,  and  going  north- 
wards, we  come  to  the  stone  with  the  three  circular  sinkings, 
flat  on  the  ground.  I  cannot  at  all  conjecture  what  this  stone 
can  have  been,  and  it  seems  equally  to  have  puzzled  all  other 
antiquaries  who  have  visited  the  ruins.  As  will  be  perceived 
by  the  measurements  on  the  sketch,  the  sinkings  are  of  very 
slight  depth, ^and  of  three  different  diameters.  It  lies  just  on 
the  surface. 

"  Proceeding  further  northwards,  and  apparently  in  front  of 
the  high  altar,  lies  the  larger  of  the  two  stone  coffins.  No 
trace  remains  in  either  case  of  any  cover — and  I  use  the  word 
"  apparently" — because,  as  I  have  before  stated,  the  ruins  are 
in  such  confusion,  with  such  large  masses  of  the  clerestory  walls 
and  roof  lying  about  in  all  directions,  that  there  must  of  neces- 
sity be  much  of  conjecture  as  regards  locality. 

66  The  former  occupants  of  these  coffins  are  naturally  a  subject 
of  great  interest,  and,  with  the  help  of  my  friend  Mr.  W.  H.  H, 
Rogers,  of  Colyton,  I  give  you  the  following  conjectures  : — 

"Torre  Abbey  was  founded  by  William  Lord  Briwere,  or 
Brewer,  a  powerful  nobleman,  and  great  at  the  courts  of 
Richard  I.  and  John.  Two  other  religious  houses  were  founded 
by  him — Dunkerswell,  about  ten  miles  from  Colyton,  and 
Potsloe  nunnery,  near  Exeter.  He  had  one  daughter  Alice, 
who  was  married  to  Sir  Reginald  de  Mohun,  by  whom  she  had 
two  sons,  Sir  William  and  Sir  Reginald  de  Mohun.  These  two 
brothers,  in  conjunction  with  their  mother  (who  is  also  said  to 
have  given  all  the  stone  for  a  period  of  seven  years  during  the 
building  of  Salisbury  cathedral), 'founded  the  abbey  of  New- 
enham,  near  Axminster.  The  effigy  of  this  noble  Lady  Alice 
lies  carved  in  stone  in  Axminster  church,  and  opposite  to  her 
lies  her  confessor,  Gervase  de  Prestaller,  Vicar  of  Axminster. 
But  Lord  Brewer,  although  he  founded  three  houses,  could 
only  be  buried  in  one,  and  so  he  ordered  that  his  burial  should 
take  place  at  Dunkerswell. 

"  Now  comes  a  curious  fact  about  stone  coffins  and  their  find- 
ing. Dunkerswell  Abbey  is  entirely  pulled  down,  and  where  the 
fabric  stood  there  is  now  a  meadow  ;  but  every  year  when  the 


346  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

grass  i  burns/  during  the  heat  of  July,  the  foundations  of  the 
Abbey  may  be  easily  traced.  But  one  spot  seemed  to  be 
scorched  more  than  all  the  others,  so  much  so,  as  to  be  very 
noticeable.  Curiosity  as  to  its  cause  stimulated  a  search  beneath, 
and  just  below  the  surface,  perfectly  intact  and  unmoved,  two 
large  stone  coffins  were  found  with  their  covers  on  ;  the  covers 
were  carefully  raised,  and  beneath  were  two  skeletons,  one  in 
each.  The  parish  doctor  was  summoned  to  examine  the  bones, 
and  he  pronounced  them  to  be  male  and  female,  man  and  wife 
no  doubt,  and  undoubtedly  the  mighty  Lord  Brewer  and  his 
wife,  the  founder  alike  of  Dunkerswell  Abbey  and  the  Abbey  of 
Torre.  I  say,  undoubtedly,  because  it  is  not  likely  any  other 
female  would  be  buried  in  this  community  of  monks. 

"  These  coffins  were  exactly  like  those  at  Torre.  The  covers 
were  plain  slabs  of  Purbeck,  and  around  their  edges  a  hollow 
moulding,  usual  in  Gothic  work. 

"  All  the  bones  were  placed  in  one  of  them  and  carefully  re- 
buried,  the  other  coffin  is  still  above  ground. 

"  Now,  as  to  the  Torre  coffins  and  their  once  probable  occu- 
pants, I  had  thought  they  might  have  been  the  two  knights 
Mohun,  but  I  suppose  that  idea  was  erroneous. 

"  Sir  Reginald,  one  of  the  brothers,  was  a  very  devout  son  of 
the  Church,  and  high  in  the  estimation  of  Pope  Innocent  IV. ; 
and  a  very  singular  and  unique  episode  of  English  history,  and 
an  invasion  of  the  royal  prerogative,  are  connected  with  him. 

"  The  pious  knight  went  to  Lyons  to  see  the  Pope  and  get  his 
sanction  for  his  proposed  foundation  of  Newenham.  The  Pope  to 
show  his  estimation  of  him  determined  to  bestow  on  Sir  Reginald 
the  Golden  Rose ;  but  here  came  a  dilemma ;  no  person  in 
dignity  short  of  an  earl  could  receive  it,  and  Sir  Reginald  was 
only  a  knight ;  so  the  Pope  created  him  Earl  of  Est,  which  the 
Bull  interprets  Earl  of  Somerset,  with  a  yearly  pension  of 
200  marks  out  of  the  English  Peter's  pence. 

"  Thus  celebrated  in  life,  he  was  equally  celebrated  in  his 
death,  which  happened  in  1257,  at  Torre,  where  he  resided. 

"  Three  days  before  his  death  both  he  and  his  confessor 
had  a  most  extraordinary  beatific  vision  of  angels,  all  particulars 
of  which  are  recited  in  the  Chartulary  of  Newenham. 

"  Although  his  death  took  place  at  Torre,  he  was  buried  at 
Newenham ;  so  also  was  his  brother  (and  the  co-founder  of  the 
abbey)  Sir  William  de  Mohun. 

"  A  strange  fame  still  followed  Sir  Reginald.  In  the  year 
1333,  sixty  years  after,  the  pavement  of  the  Presbytery  was 
being  laid  (or  relaid  perhaps)  when  the  coffin  containing  Sir 
Reginald  was  opened,  and  there  his  body,  says  the  recording 


June  27.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  347 

monk,  6  was  found  incorrupt  and  uninjured  and  exhaling  a 
most  fragrant  odour  ;  I  both  saw  and  touched  it.' 

u  Who  then  could  have  been  buried  in  the  stone  coffins  at 
Torre  ?  Here  even  conjecture  cannot  find  anything  to  lay  hold 
of.  I  never  heard  of  any  stone  coffins  being  found  at  Newenham, 
where  the  Mohuns  are  said  to  be  buried,  and  it  may  be  they 
are  still  undisturbed.  But  Newenham  is  a  long  way  from  Torre, 
and  perhaps,  after  all,  the  two  knights  were  buried  there,  where 
they  died. 

u  There  is  another  curious  stone  at  Lustleigh  above  Newton 
Abbot,  with  an  inscription  that  has  puzzled  every  one  who  has 
seen  it,  and  proved  a  fine  bone  of  literary  mystery  for  learned 
savans  to  quarrel  over ;  but  it  has  no  resemblance  to  the  curious 
stone  at  Torre  Abbey." 

LIEUT.  PECK,  B.E.  communicated,  through  the  Eight.  Hon. 
the  Secretary  of  State  for  War,  plans  and  sections  of  the  Pharos 
and  the  Keep  of  the  Castle  at  Dover.  By  permission  of  the 
Secretary  of  State  this  communication  will  be  published  in  the 
"  Archgeologia." 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  communications. 

The  Meetings  of  the  Society  were  then  adjourned  to  Thurs- 
day, November  28th,  1872. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

SOCIETY    OF    ANTIQUAKIES 

OF  LONDON. 
SESSION     1872-73. 


Thursday,  November  28th,  1872. 
EARL  STANHOPE,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

The  President,  on  taking  the  chair,  congratulated  the  Society 
on  the  success  which  had  attended  the  applications  made  to 
Her  Majesty's  Government  by  this  in  common  with  other 
learned  societies  in  favour  of  a  further  grant  of  money  to  carry 
on  the  excavations  on  the  site  of  the  Temple  of  Diana  at 
Ephesus.  The  Trustees  of  the  British  Museum  had,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  interest  thus  manifested,  made  representations  to 
the  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  who  had  obtained  the  assent 
of  the  House  of  Commons  to  allot  the  necessary  funds  for  pro- 
secuting those  interesting  researches. 

The  following  letter  from  the  Director  to  the  President  was 
then  read  to  the  Meeting  by  the  Secretary : — 

"  64,  Eccleston  Square, 

"  Nov.  20,  1872. 

"  Dear  Lord  Stanhope, — On  St.  George's  Day,  1872,  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries  thought  fit  to  re-elect  me  to  the  honour- 
able office  of  Director.  By  an  odd  coincidence  it  was  on  the 
same  day  that  1  received  an  intimation  that  I  was  nominated  to 
another  office — one  in  the  Civil  Service  of  the  Crown. 

"  The  experience  of  a  few  weeks  was  sufficient,  however,  to 
show  me  that  the  duties  of  the  two  offices  were  incompatible 
with  each  other,  and  that  the  daily  demands  upon  my  time  in 
my  new  position  would  render  it  impossible  for  me  to  continue 
to  devote  proper  attention  to  the  most  important  branch  of  the 
Director's  work,  the  editing  of  the  Society's  publications. 


350  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

"  Under  these  circumstances  it  was  plainly  incumbent  on  me 
to  resign  the  Directorship.  I  considered,  however,  that  I  should 
best  consult  the  convenience  of  the  Society  by  postponing  my 
resignation  until  the  beginning  of  the  next  session. 

"  As  our  Meetings  are  now  very  shortly  to  be  resumed,  I 
must  no  longer  delay  placing  in  the  hands  of  the  Council, 
through  your  Lordship,  my  resignation  of  the  office  of  Director 
of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries. 

"  At  the  same  time,  in  order  to  put  no  obstacle  in  the  way  of 
the  selection  of  my  successor,  it  is  necessary  that  I  should  place 
my  seat  at  the  council  table  at  the  disposal  of  the  Society,  and 
I  have  to  request  your  Lordship  to  communicate  to  the '  next 
Council  my  resignation  as  a  member  of  that  body. 

"  I  cannot  conclude  without  expressing  my  cordial  thanks, 
both  to  your  Lordship  and  to  my  colleagues,  on  five  successive 
Councils,  for  the  constant  support  which  I  have  received  from 
you  and  from  them. 

"  I  am, 
"  Dear  Lord  Stanhope, 

"  Very  faithfully  yours, 

"  CHAS.  SP.  PERCEVAL." 

The  President  then  communicated  to  the  Meeting  the  follow- 
ing Resolution  of  the  Council  of  Nov.  26,  1872,  which  had 
been  moved  by  Sir  William  Tite,  C.B.  M.P.  V.P.  seconded  by 
J.  Winter  Jones,  Esq.  V.P.  and  carried  unanimously : 

"  On  receiving  this  communication,  as  they  did  with  sincere 
concern,  the  first  wish  of  the  President  and  Council  was  to  ex- 
press, in  a  cordial  vote  of  thanks,  to  Mr.  Charles  Perceval  their 
sense  of  the  great  ability  as  well  as  active  exertion  and  never- 
failing  courtesy  and  kindliness  with  which  during  the  past  five 
years  he  has  fulfilled  the  duties  of  his  office. 

"  In  considering  the  recommendation  which  it  would  be 
incumbent  upon  them  to  submit  to  the  Society  with  respect  to 
the  choice  of  his  successor,  the  President  and  Council  could  not 
fail  to  bear  in  mind  the  past  services  and  eminent  qualifications 
of  Mr.  Franks.  They  were  convinced  that  could  Mr.  Franks  be 
induced  to  resume  the  office,  no  appointment  would  be  more 
agreeable  to  the  feelings  of  the  Society,  or  more  conducive  to  its 
interests.  There  was  however  this  difficulty,  lest  the  duties 
hitherto  devolved  on  the  Director  might  press  unduly  on  the 
time  of  Mr.  Franks,  engaged  as  he  is  in  other  no  less  important 
avocations.  But  this  difficulty  has  been  overcome  by  the  zeal 
and  public  spirit  of  your  Secretary,  who,  in  the  kindest  manner, 
and  of  his  own  free  will,  has  undertaken  for  the  future  to  pre- 
pare for  the  press  our  record  of  '  Proceedings,'  leaving  to  the 


Nov.  28.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  351 

Director  the  care  of  the  *  Archgeologia '  only,  and  the  general 
superintendence  of  all  the  Society's  publications. 

"  It  is  on  this  basis  then  that  the  President  and  Council,  with 
the  fullest  confidence,  submit  to  the  Society  the  name  of  A.  "W. 
Franks,  Esq.  as  Member  of  Council  and  Director,  and  they 
propose  that  the  Ballot  for  the  election  shall  take  place  on  the 
evening  of  December  12th." 

H.  S.  MILMAN,  Esq.  F.S.A.  hoped  he  might  be  allowed  to 
move  a  Resolution  which  should  convey  on  behalf  of  those  pre- 
sent at  the  meeting  who  were  not  members  of  the  Council  the 
assurance  of  their  entire  assent  to  the  Resolution  which  had  just 
been  read.  After  enlarging  on  the  excellent  qualities  which  had 
distinguished  Mr.  Charles  S.  Perceval's  official  relations  with  the 
Society,  Mr.  Milman  proceeded  to  move  the  following  Resolu- 
tion, which  was  seconded  by  William  Smith,  Esq.  F.S.A.  and 
carried  unanimously : 

"  That  this  Meeting  cordially  shares  the  sentiments  expressed 
in  the  Resolution  which  has  just  been  read  respecting  Mr. 
Charles  S.  Perceval,  and  desires  to  put  on  record  the  most 
hearty  thanks  of  the  Society  for  his  past  services  as  Director. 
It  cannot  but  feel  that  the  Society  is  under  great  obligations  to 
Mr.  Charles  S.  Perceval  for  the  readiness  with  which  he  under- 
took and  the  energy  with  which  he  carried  on  the  Society's 
publications  and  fulfilled  the  other  duties  of  the  office.  It  must  not 
be  forgotten  that  in  addition  to  6  Archgeologia '  and  '  Proceedings ' 
Mr.  Charles  Perceval  has  during  his  tenure  of  office  edited  two 
Parts  of  the  sixth  volume  of  our  '  Yetusta  Monumenta,'  not  to 
mention  the  very  laborious  task,  which  he  voluntarily  undertook, 
of  arranging  for  publication  the  '  List  of  Sepulchral  Monuments ' 
appended  to  the  '  Report  of  the  Society's  Sepulchral  Monuments 
Committee.' 

"  This  Meeting  is  specially  anxious  to  give  its  most  emphatic 
assent  to  that  part  of  the  Council's  Resolution  which  speaks  of 
the  courtesy  which  Mr.  Charles  Perceval  brought  to  the  dis- 
charge of  his  duties.  On  this  point  it  is  impossible  that 
throughout  the  whole  Society  there  can  be  a  single  dissentient 
voice." 

Notice  was  then  given  that  at  the  Ordinary  Meeting  of  the 
Society  to  be  held  on  Thursday  the  12th  December,  1872,  a 
Ballot  would  be  taken  for  the  election  of  a  Member  of  Council 
and  Director  of  the  Society,  in  the  room  of  Charles  Spencer 
Perceval,  Esq.  LL.D.  resigned,  and  that  Augustus  Wollaston 
Franks,  Esq.  F.S.A.  was  nominated  and  recommended  by  the 
President  and  Council  to  fill  the  vacant  office.  The  ballot  to 
open  at  8'45  p.  m.  and  to  close  at  9*30  p.  m. 


352  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors : — 

From  the  Editor :— The  Church  Builder.  Nos.  43  and  44.  July  and  October. 
8vo.  London,  1872. 

From  the  London  Institution  : — Journal.  Nos.  15  to  17.  Vol.  2.  8vo.  London, 
1872. 

From  Sir  G.  Bowyer,  Bart. : — History  and  Description  of  the  Venerable  and 
Miraculous  Icon  of  Our  Blessed  Lady  of  Philermos,  Patroness  of  the  Sacred 
and  Military  Order  of  Malta.  8vo. 

From  the  Royal  Society :— Proceedings.  Vol.  xx.  Nos.  135  to'  138.  [Com- 
pleting Vol.  xx.]  8vo.  London,  1872. 

From  W.  Munk,  Esq.  M.D.  F.S.A.  :— 

1.  The  History  of  Exeter.    By  the  Rev.  George  Oliver.    8vo.    Exeter,  1821. 

2.  Ecclesiastical  Antiquities  in  Devon,  with  Memoranda  for  the  History  of 
Cornwall.     By  the   Rev.   George   Oliver.     3   vols.   (in   1).     8vo.    Exeter, 
1840-42. 

From  the  Author  :— The  Author  of  "  The  Club  "  Identified.  By  G.  Steinman 
Steinman,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Printed  for  private  circulation.  8vo.  1872. 

From  the  Royal  Archaeological  Institute  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  : — The 
Archaeological  Journal.  No.  113.  8vo.  London,  1872. 

From  the  Royal  Lombardic  Institute  of  Science  and  Literature  (Class  of  Litera- 
ture and  Moral  and  Political  Science)  : — 

1.  Memorie.     Vol.  xii.     3  della  Serie  III.    Fascicolo  2.    Fol.    Milan,  1871. 

2.  Rendiconti.     Serie   II.     Vol.  iii.     Fasc.  16-20;  Vol.   iv.  Fasc.    1-20; 
Vol.  v.  Fac.  1-7.     8vo.     Milan,  1870-71. 

From  the  Council  of  the  Incorporated  Law  Society  of  the  United  Kingdom  : — 
Catalogue  of  the  Mendham  Collection  :  being  a  selection  of  Books  and 
Pamphlets  from  the  Library  of  the  late  Rev.  Joseph  Mendham,  M.A.,  sub- 
sequently the  property  of  the  late  Rev.  John  Mendham.  8vo.  London, 
1871. 

From  the  Royal  Institute  of  British  Architects  :— 

1.  Sessional  Papers  1871-72.     Nos.  11  and  12  ;  and  1872-73.     No.  1.     4to. 

London,  1872. 

2:  General  Conference  of  Architects,  1872.    Report  of  Proceedings. 

London. 

From  Lieut.-Colonel  Manby  : — The  Ancient  Vessel  found  in  the  Parish  of 
Tune,  Norway.  Dedicated  by  the  Translator  to  Commander  Stephen  B. 
Luce,  U.S.N.,in  remembrance  of  the  U.S.  corvette  "Juniata's"  visit  to 
Norway  in  1871.  Fol.  Christiania,  1872. 

From  the  Author  : — A  Calendar  of  Records  belonging  or  relating  to  the  Rectory, 
Church,  and  Parish  of  West  Hackney,  in  the  county  of  Middlesex  ;  with  an 
Introductory  account  of  their  collection.  By  Rev.  Thomas  Hugo,  M.A. 
F.S.A.  8vo.  Stoke  Newington,  1872. 

From  the  Numismatic  Society  :— The  Numismatic  Chronicle,  and  Journal  of  the 
Numismatic  Society.  Vol.  xii.  New  Series.  Nos.  45  and  46.  8vo.  Lon- 
don, 1872. 

From  the  Author  :— On  an  Antique  paste  Cameo,  found  at  Stanwix,  near  Car- 
lisle. By  C.  W.  King,  M.A.  [From  the  Archaeological  Journal.  Vol.  xxix.] 
8vo. 

From  the  Editor,  LI.  Jewitt,  Esq.  F.S.A. :— The  Reliquary.  Nos.  49  and  50. 
Vol.  XIII.  July  and  October.  8vo.  London  and  Derby,  1872.- 

From  the  Historical  and  Archaeological  Association  of  Ireland  : — Their  Journal. 
Vol.  II.  Fourth  Series.  April.  8vo.  Dublin,  1872. 


Nov.  28.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  353 

From  J.  W.  K.  Eyton,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :— Miscellanea  Geuealogica  et  Heraldica. 

Monthly  Series.     Edited  by  J.  J.  Howard,  LL.D.  F.S.A.     Nos.  XX.  and 

XXI.     July.     8vo.     London,  1872. 
From  the  Essex  Archaeological  Society  : — Transactions.    Vol.  V.    Part  3.    8vo. 

Colchester,  1872. 
From  C.  K.  Watson,  Esq.  M.A.  Sec.  S.A.  :— Keport  of  the  Committee  of  the 

Dilettanti    Society  respecting  Exploration  of  the   Temple   of  Diana  at 

Ephesus.     Fol.     London.     (Privately  printed.) 
From  the  Canadian  Institute  :— The  Canadian  Journal  of  Science,  Literature, 

and  History.     Vol.  XIII.     No.  4.     July.     8vo.     Toronto,  1872. 
From  the  Royal  Commissions  of  Art  and  Archaeology  : — Bulletin.     10me  Amice, 

Nos.   1-12  (completing  the  vol.),  et  llmc  Annee,  Nos.   1-4.     8v.    Brussels, 

1871-72. 
From  the  Author,  II.  C.  Barlow,  Esq.  M.D.  :— 

1.  Studies  from  Dante.     Svo.     London,  1857-62. 

2.  The  Sixth  Centenary  Festivals  of  Dante  Allighieri  in  Florence  and  at 
Ilavenna.     By  a  Representative.     Svo.     London,  1866. 

From  the  Library  Committee  of  the  Corporation  of  London  : — Catalogue  of  the 
Library.  Tenth  Supplement.  Svo.  London,  1870.  (Not  previously  pre- 
sented.) 

From  the  Yorkshire  Archaeological  and  Topographical  Association  : — 

1.  The  Journal.     Part  VII.     Vol.  2.     8vo.     London,  1872. 

2.  Excursion  Programme  and  arrangements  at  Fountains  and  Ripon.     Svo. 
Ripon,  1872. 

From  the  Imperial  Academy  of  Sciences  of  St.  Petersburg!!  :— Bulletin.     Tome 

XVII.     Feuilles  1-26.     4to.     St.  Petersbnrgh,  1871-72. 
From  the   British   Archaeological  Association  : — Their  Journal.     June  30  and 

September  30.     8vo.     London,  1872. 
From  the  National  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  France  : — 

1.  Memoires.     Quatrieme  Serie.     Tome  lor.     Svo.     Paris,  1869. 

2.  Bulletin.     Annee  1871.     Svo.     Paris. 

From  the  Cambrian  Archaeological  Association  : — Archaeologia  Cambrensis. 
Fourth  Series.  Nos.  10  and  11.  Vol.  III.  Svo.  London,  1872. 

From  the  Royal  United  Service  Institution  : — The  Journal.  Vol.  XVI.  Nos. 
67,  and  68  (double  number).  Svo.  London,  1872. 

From  the  Science  and  Art  Department  of  the  Committee  of  Council  on  Edu- 
cation, South  Kensington  :— The  Fairford  Windows,  a  Monograph.  By  the 
Rev.  J.  G.  .Joyce,  B.A.  F.S.A.  Rector  of  Stratfieldsaye.  Folio.  London, 
1S72. 

From  the  Camden  Society  : — 

1.  Publications.     New  Series,  V.     The  Maire  of  Bristowe  is  Kalendar,  by 
Robert  Ricart,  Town  Clerk  of  Bristol,  18  Edw.  IV.     Edited  by  Lucy  Toul- 
min  Smith.     4to.     London,  1872. 

2.  Publications.    No.  CV.     Trevelyan   Papers,  Part  III.     Edited  by  Sir 
W.  C.  Trevelyan,  Bart,  and  Sir  C.  E.  Trevelyan,  K.C.B.     4to.     London, 
1872. 

From  the  East  India  Association  : — Journal.     No.  2.     Vol.  VI.     Svo.     London, 

1872. 
From  the  Smithsonian  Institution  : — Annual  Report  for  the  year  1870.     Svo. 

Washington,  1871. 
From  the  Essex  Institute,  U.S.A.  : — 

1.  Proceeding's  and  Communications.     Vol.  VI.     Part  111.     1868-71.     Svo. 
Salem,  1871. 

2.  Bulletin.     Volume  III.     1871.     Svo.     Salem,  1872. 
VOL.  V.  2  A 


354  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

From  the  Author  :— Star-Chamber  Complaint  against  Humber  Pirates.  By 
Edward  Peacock,  F.S.A..  8vo.  [Reprinted  from  the  "  Yorkshire  Archaeo- 
logical Journal."] 

From  the  Royal  Society  of  Northern  Antiquaries  : — 

1.  Memoires.     Nouvelle  Serie.     1871-71.     8vo.    Copenhagen. 

2.  Aarboger  for  Nordisk  Oldkyndighed  og  Historic.     1871,  II-IV.     [Com- 
pleting the  Volume],  and  1872, 1.     8vo.     Copenhagen. 

From  the   Society  of  Emulation  (Seine   Inferieure.)    Bulletin  des  Travaux. 

Annee  1869-71.    8vo.    Rouen,  1870-72. 
From    the    Author  : — Former    Inhabitants  of    Chichester.    By  .  W.    Durrant 

Cooper,  Esq.  F.S.A.     [Reprinted  from  Sussex  Collections,  XXIV.J     8vo. 
From  the  Royal  Geographical  Society  : — 

1.  The  Journal.    Vol.  41.     8vo.     London,  1871. 

2.  Proceedings.     Vol.  XVI.,  No.  III.     8vo.     London,  1872. 
From  the  American  Antiquarian  Society  : — 

1.  ArchaBologia  Americana.     Vols.  3  and  4.     8vo.     1857-60. 

2.  Proceedings.    Nos.  15-57.     8vo.     Cambridge,  1849-71. 

3.  Catalogue.    8vo.    Worcester,  1837. 
From  the  Hon.  R.  C.  Winthrop,  Hon.  F.S.A.  :— 

1.  Fifth  Annual  Report  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Peabody  Museum  of  American 
Archaeology  and  Ethnology.     8vo.    Boston,  1872. 

2.  Peabody  Education  Fund.    Proceedings  of  the  Trustees,  June  25,  1872. 
8vo.     Cambridge,  1872. 

From  the  Author  : — Genealogical  Notes  of  the  kindred  Families  of  Longridge, 
Fletcher,  and  Hawks.  Collected  and  arranged  by  R.  E.'  Chester  Waters, 
Esq.  B.A.  4to.  [Printed  for  private  circulation.] 

From  the  Author  : — (Euvres  Completes  du  Trouvere  Adam  de  la  Halle  (Poesies 
et  Musique)  Publics  sous  les  auspices  de  la  Societe  des  Sciences,  des  Lettres 
et  des  Arts  de  Lille.  Par  E.  De  Coussemaker.  8vo.  Paris,  1872. 

From  the  Exeter  Diocesan  Architectural  Society  :— Transactions.    Part  HI. 
.  Volume  2,  Second  series.     Miscellaneous.     4to.    Exeter,  1871. 

^rom  the  Author  :— Fouilles  Archeologiques.    No.  4.    Vase  Antique.    Phaleres 

en  bronze.     Par  Henry  Revoil.     8vo.    Paris,  1871. 
From  the  Author,  James  Wyatt,  Esq.  F.G.S.  : — 

1.  Antiquity  of  the  Human  Race.    Further  Links  in  the  Chain  of  Evidence. 
8vo.    1870. 

2.  The  Ancient  Camps  of  Maiden  Bower  and  Totternhoe.     8vo.     1871. 
[Both  from  Papers  of  the  Beds  Architectural  and  Archaeological  Society.] 

From  the  Author  : —Notices  relating  to  John  Anysley,  Constable  of  Norham 
Castle.  By  Edward  Peacock,  Esq.  F.S.A.  4to. 

From  the  London  and  Middlesex  Archaeological  Society  :— Proceedings  of  the 
Evening  Meetings.  Session  1871.  8vo.  London,  1872. 

From  the  Author  : — Notes  on  Two  Monumental  Brasses  in  the  church  of  Saint 
Andrew-under-shaft,  Leadenhall  Street.  By  W.  H.  Overall,  Esq.  F.S.A. 
Librarian  to  the  Corporation  of  London.  8vo.  1872.  [From  Transactions 
of  the  London  and  Middlesex  Archaeological  Society,  Vol.  IV.] 

From  the  Bombay  Geographical  Society  : — Transactions.    Vol.  xix.    Part  2. 

8vo.    Bombay,  1871. 
From  the  Author  : — St.  Dionis  Backchurch.     By  W.   Durrant  Cooper,  Esq. 

F.S.A.     8vo.  1872.     [From  Transactions    of  the   London   and  Middlesex 

Archaeological  Society,    Vol.  IV.] 

From  the  Royal  Asiatic  Society  :— Their  Journal.  New  Series.  Vol.  VI. 
Part  1.  8vo.  London,  1872. 


Nov.  28.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  355 

From  the  Author  : — A  Century  of  Bibles,  or  the  authorised  Version  from  1011  to 
1711.  By  the  Rev.  W.  J.  Loftie,  B.A.  F.S.A.  8vo.  London,  1872. 

From  the  Author  : — Sleaford,  and  the  Wapentakes  of  Flaxwell  and  Asward- 
ham,  in  the  county  of  Lincoln.  By  the  Venerable  Edward  Trollope,  M.A. 
F.S.A. ,  Archdeacon  of  Stow.  Svo.  London  and  Sleaford,  1872. 

From  the  Society  of  Arts  and  Sciences  at  Batavia  \->- 

1.  Tijdschrift.    Vol.  xviii.  3,  4  ;  xx.  3.     8vo.     Batavia,  1871-2. 

2.  Notulen.     Vol.  IX.  1871.     Svo.    Batavia,  1872. 

3.  Eerste  Vervolg  Catalogus  der  Bibliotheek.     Svo.     Batavia,  1872. 
From  the  Surrey  Archaeological  Society  : — Collections.     Vol.  vi.     Part  1.     8vo. 

London,  1872. 

From  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland  : — Records  of  the  Monastery  of 
Kinloss,  with  illustrative  documents.  Edited  by  John  Stuart,  LL.D.  4to. 
Edinburgh,  1872. 

From  the  Author,  Rev.  R,  C.  Jenkins,  M.A.,  Loc.  Sec.  S.  A.  Kent :— (Reprinted 
from  Archaeologia  Cantiana.  Vol.  viii.)  Documents  disclosing  a  Passage 
in  the  History  of  the  Twysden  family.  Svo. 

From  the  Imperial  Academy  of  Sciences,  Vienna  (Class  of  History)  : — 

1.  Sitzungsberichte.     68  Band.     Heft  2,  3,  4.     69  Band.     Heft  1-3.     8vo. 
Vienna,  1871. 

2.  Archiv.     47  Band.     2  Heft,     Svo.     Vienna,  1871. 

3.  Fontes  rerum  Austriacarum.     Diplomataria  et  Acta.     35  Band.     Svo. 
Vienna,  1871. 

From  the  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society  of  Southport  : — Laws  of  the 
Society.  Svo. 

From  the  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society  of  Manchester  : — Proceedings. 
Vol.  xi.  No.  14  ;  and  Vol.  xii.  Nos.  1  and  2.  Svo.  Manchester,  1872. 

From  the  Author  : — Sir  Ralph  de  Rayne  and  Lilian  Grey,  a  legend  of  the 
Abbey  Church,  St.  Albairs.  By  Francis  Bennoch,  F.S.A.  Svo.  London, 
1872. 

From  J.  J.  Howard,  Esq.  LL.D.  F.S.A.  : — 

1.  Genealogical  Memoranda  relating  to  the  Family  of  Newton.     Privately 
printed.     4to.     London,  1S71. 

2.  Pedigree  of  the  Family  of  Ashburner,  co.  Lancaster.     Privately  printed. 
4to.     London,  1872. 

3.  Additions    to   the  Visitation  of  London,  A.D.  1568,  published  by  the 
Harleian  Society.     Svo. 

From  the  Author  : — Genealogy  of  the  Family  of  Winchell  in  America.  By 
Alexander  Winchell,  LL.D,  Svo.  Ann  Arbor,  1869. 

From  the  Associated  Architectural  Societies  :—  Reports  and  Papers,  1871.  Vol. 
xi.  Part  1.  Svo.  Lincoln. 

From  the  Author,  M.  H.'Bloxam,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :— 

1.  Monument  in  Stanford  Church,  Worcestershire.     Svo.     1870. 

2.  Easter  Sepulchres.     Svo.     1871. 

3.  Discoveries  at  Warwick  Castle.     Svo.     1872. 
From  the  Editor,  Rev.  M.  E.  C.  Walcott,  B.D.  F.S.A.  :  — 

1.  Inventory  of  St.  Mary's  Benedictine  Nunnery  at  Langley,  co.  Leicester. 
1485.     Svo. 

2.  Inventories  and  Church  Goods  of  Devon.     4to.     1870. 

From  the  Author  :— Index  Expurgatorius  Anglicanus  :  or  a  Descriptive  Cata- 
logue of  the  principal  Books  printed  in  England,  which  have  been  suppressed, 
or  burnt  by  the  Common  Hangman,  or  censured,  or  for  which  the  Authors, 

2  A2 


356  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

Printers,  or  Publishers  have  been  prosecuted.      By  W.  H.  Hart,  F.S.A. 
Part  1.     8vo.     London,  1872. 

From  the  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Home  Department  :— By  the  Queen.  Pro- 
clamation declaring  the  Parliament  further  Prorogued  from  October  25  to 
December  19.  Given  at  Balmoral,  October  15,  1872.  36th  year  of  reign. 
Broadside  folio.  (2  copies.) 

From  the  Author  : — Verhandlungen  des  International  Congresses  fur  Alter- 
thumskunde  und  Geschichte  zu  Bonn  im  September  1868.  Herausgegeben 
von  Prof.  Dr.  Ernst  Aus'm  Weerth.  8vo.  Bonn,  1871. 

From  the  Author  : — Hullinia  :  or,  Selections  from  the  Local  History  of  Hull. 
By  John  Symons.  8vo.  Hull  and  London,  1872. 

From  Charles  E.  Fox,  Esq.  : — Genealogical  Memoranda  relating  to  the  Family 
of  Fox,  of  Brislington,  etc.  Privately  printed.  4to.  London,  1872. 

From  M.  L'Abbe  Cochet,  Hon.  F.S.A.  : — Bulletin  de  la  Commission  des' Anti- 
quites  de  la  Seine-Inferieure.  Annee  1871.  Tome  II.  2e  Livraison.  8vo. 
Dieppe,  1872. 

From  the  Archaeological  Society  of  the  Province  of  Constantine  : — Recueil  des 
Notices  et  Memoires.  5e  volume  de  la  Deuxieme  Serie.  8vo.  Constan- 
tine, 1872. 

From  the  Author  : — To  the  Very  Rev.  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Ripon.  (A 
Report  by  the  Rev.  J.  T.  Fowler,  M.A.  F.S.A.  on  the  Cathedral  Library.) 
Facsimile.  Folio.  Durham,  1872. 

From  J.  Wilson  Holme,  Esq.  F.S.A.  : — Memoirs  of  the  Clinton  Family.  Com- 
piled by  the  late  Henry  Fyncs-Clinton,  Esq.  author  of  "  Fasti  Hellenici," 
"Fasti  Romani,"  &c.  4to.  1872.  (Privately  printed.  One  of  only  12 
copies.) 

From  the  Archaeological  Society  of  Valencia  : — Memoria.  April  22  to  Dec.  31, 
1871.  8vo.  Valencia,  1872. 

From  the  Norfolk  and  Norwich  Archaeological  Society  : — 

1.  Original  Papers.     Vol.   7.     Parts  III.   IV.   and  V.      8vo.     Norwich, 
1868-72. 

2.  Illustrations  of  the  Rood-screen  at  Barton  Turf.    With  descriptive  Notes 
by  the  Rev.  John  Gunn,  M.A.  F.G.S.    Folio.     Norwich,  1869. 

3.  Illustrations  of  the  Rood-screen  at  Fritton.     With  descriptive  Notes  by 
the  Rev.  Richard  Hart,  B.A.     Folio.     Norwich,  1872. 

From  the  Publishers  : — Vie  et  Travaux  de  Edouard  Lartet.  Notices  et  Discours 
publics  a  1'occasion  de  sa  mort,  de  la  part  de  la  Famille.  8vo.  Paris,  1872. 

From  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  the  West  of  France  : — Bulletins.  Deux- 
ieme Trimestre  de  1872.  8vo. 

From  the  Suffolk  Institute  of  Archaeology  and  Natural  History  :~ — Proceedings. 
Vol.  4.  No.  5.  8vo.  Beccles,  1872. 

From  W.  W.  E.  Wynne,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :— Pedigree  of  the  Family  of  Wynne,  of 
Peniarth,  in  the  county  of  Merioneth.  Privately  printed.  8vo.  London, 
1872. 

From  the  Society  for  Useful  Investigation  at  Treves  : — Jahresbericht.  Von 
1869  bis  1871.  4to.  Treves,  1872. 

From  the  Royal  Society  of  Literature  : — Transactions.  2nd  Series.  Vol.  X. 
Part  2.  8vo.  London,  1872. 

From  Thomas  Falconer,  Esq.  :— Dissertation  on  St.  Paul's  Voyage  from  Caesarea 
to  Puteoli  ;  and  on  the  Apostle's  Shipwreck  on  the  island  Melite.  By 
William  Falconer,  M.D.  F.R.S.  Third  Edition.  8vo.  London,  1872. 

From  J.  G.  Fanshawe,  Esq.  :— Notes,  Genealogical  and  Historical,  of  the  Fan- 
shawe  Family.  No.  5.  Fanshawe  Wills.  Part  2.  (Reprinted,  for  private 


Nov.  28.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  357 

circulation,  from   Miscellanea   Genealogica  et   Heraldica.)     4to.     London, 
1872. 
From  W.  C.  Boulter,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :— 

1.  Aston,  Joseph.     A  Picture  of  Manchester.     12mo.     Manchester,  1815. 

2.  Bailey,  Thomas.      Hand-Book  to   Nottingham   Castle.     8vo.     London, 
1854. 

3.  Bailey,  Thomas.     Hand-Book  to  Newstead  Abbey.     8vo.     London,  1855. 

4.  Baker,  W.  H.     The  Panoramic  Guide  to  Welsh  Mountain  Scenery.    8vo. 
Carnarvon,  n.  d. 

5.  Batcheller,  W.     A  New  History  of  Dover,  and  of  Dover  Castle,  with  a 
short  account  of  the  Cinque  Ports.     8vo.     Dover,  1828. 

6.  Bath,  an   Historical  Account  of  the  Honourable  Order  of  the.     8vo. 
London,  1725. 

7.  Beck's  Leamington  Guide  ;  with  an  historical  and  descriptive  account 
of  the  neighbourhood.    Eleventh  Edition.     12mo.     Leamington,  1860. 

8.  Bell,  Robert.     The  Roman  Wall  ;  an  attempt  to  substantiate  the  claims 
of  Severus  to  the  authorship  of  the  Roman  Wall.     4to.    Newcastle-upon- 
Tyne,  1852.  ^ 

9.  Bickham,  George.     Delicise  Britannicse  ;  or,  the  curiosities  of  Hampton 
Court  and  Windsor  Castle  delineated.     12mo.     London,  1742. 

10.  Binckes,  William.     The  Christian  Synagogue  :  or,  the  original  use  and 
benefit  of  Parochial  Churches.     8vo.     London  and  Lichfield,  1710. 

11.  Birmingham,  a  brief  History  of,  intended  as  a  guide  to  the  inhabitant 
and  stranger.     Third  Edition.     12mo.     Birmingham  and  London,  1805. 
11*.  Birmingham,  the  Picture  of.     Second  Edition.     12mo.     Birmingham, 
1831. 

12.  Black's  Warwickshire  Guide.     8vo.     Edinburgh,  1866.  ' 

IB.  British  Museum,  Synopsis  of  the  contents  of  the.    Sixth  Edition.     8vo. 
London,  1813. 

14.  Britton,  John.     Antiquarian  and  Architectural  Memoranda  relating  to 
Norwich  Cathedral.     12mo.     London,  1817. 

15.  Bruce,  J.  Collingwood.     Hadrian  the  builder  of  the  Roman  Wall.     4to. 
London,  1853. 

16.  Buckingham,  Historical  and  Biographical  Memoirs  of  George  Villiers, 
first  Duke  of.     4to.     London,  1819. 

17.  Cambridge,  Cantabrigia  Depicta.    A  concise  and  accurate  description  of 
the  University  and  Town  of  Cambridge  and  its  environs.     A  new  Edition, 
corrected.     8vo.     Cambridge,  1781. 

18.  Cambridge,   Testimonies  of   different   authors   respecting  the  colossal 
statue  of  Ceres,  placed  in  the  vestibule  of  the  Public   Library  at.     8vo. 
Cambridge,  1803. 

19.  Cambridge,   the   Pictorial    Guide    to,   containing    descriptions  of    its 
Colleges,  Halls,   Libraries,  Churches,  a-nd  Public  Buildings.     8vo.     Cam- 
bridge. 

20.  Chambers's  Handy  Guide   to  London  ;  together  with  information  re- 
lating to  the  International  Exhibition  of  1862.     8vo.     London  and  Edin- 
burgh, 1862. 

21.  Coventry,  the  History  and  Antiquities  of  the  City  of,  from  the  earliest 
authentic  period  to  the  present  time.     12mo.     Coventry,  1810. 

22.  Danby,  Thomas,  Earl  of  (now  Duke  of  Leeds),  Memoirs  relating  to  the 
Impeachment  of,  in  the  year  1678.     8vo.     London,  1710. 

23.  Dick,  W.  R.     A  Short   Sketch  of  the  Beauchamp  Tower,  Tower  of 
London  ;  and  also  a  Guide  to  the  inscriptions  and  devices  left  on  the  walls 
thereof.     8vo.     London. 

24.  Dyde,  W.     The  History  and  Antiquities  of  Tewkesbury.     The  Third 


358  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

Edition.     To  which  is  prefixed,  a  descriptive  sketch   of  Gloucestershire. 
12mo.     Tewkesbury  and  London,  1803. 

25.  Furness  Abbey,  a  Guide  through  the  ruins  of,  with  a  brief  account  of 
Dalton  and  Pile  Castle.     8vo.     Ulverston,  1858. 

26.  Gibbs,  S.    Illustrated  Bath  Visitant;  or  new  Guide  to  Bath.     12mo. 
Bath. 

27.  Gilmour,  D.  E.     An  historical  and  descriptive  Guide  to  the'  City  of 
Winchester,  its  Cathedral,  College,  etc.    Eleventh  Edition.     8vo.    Win- 
chester, 1851. 

28.  -Gloucester,  Hand-Book  for  visitors  to  the  city  and  neighbourhood  of. 
Second  Edition.     8vo.     Gloucester.  1861. 

29.  Glover's  Illustrated  Guide  and  Visitors'  Companion  througn  the  Isle  of 
Man.     8vo.    Douglas. 

30.  Grundy,  John.     The  Stranger's  Guide  to  Hampton  Court  Palace  and 
Gardens.     12mo.     London,  1845. 

31.  Havergal,  F.  T.     The  Visitor's  Hand-Guide  to  the  Cathedral  Church 
of  St.  Mary  and  St.  Ethelbert,  Hereford.     Third  Edition.     12mo.    Here- 
ford, 1869. 

32.  Hemingway,  J.     Panorama  of  the   Beauties,   Curiosities,  and  .Anti- 
quities of  North  Wales.    Intended  as  a  pocket  companion  to  the  tourist  and 
traveller.     Second  Edition.     8vo.     London,  &c.  1835. 

33.  Herbert,  Homely.    Eastbourne  Guide  and  Visitors'  Directory.     Fifth 
Edition.    8vo.    Eastbourne,  1863. 

34.  Hereford  Guide  :  containing  a  concise  history  of  the  city.    Also,  an 
account  of  the  principal  seats  and  remarkable  places  in  the  neighbourhood. 
8vo.     Hereford,  1806. 

35.  Hicklin,  John.    The  Hand-Book  to  Llandudno  and  its  vicinity.    Fourth 
thousand.     8vo.    London  and  Chester,  1858. 

36.  H.  S.  H.     The  Writings  of  Edmund  Spenser  ;  with  some  observations 
upon  allegorical  composition.     Printed  for  private  circulation.     8vo.    Lon- 
don, 1866. 

37.  Hunt,  Robert.     Companion  to  the  Official  Catalogue.     Synopsis  of  the 
contents  of  the  Great  Exhibition  of  1851.    Fourth  Edition.     8vo.    London, 
1851. 

38.  Hunter,  K.  E.     A  short  description  of  the   Isle  of  Thanet.     12mo. 
Ramsgate,  1806. 

39.  Hyett,  W.     A  description  of  the  Watering  Places  on  the  south-east 
coast  of  Devon,  from  the  River  Exe  to  the  Dart  inclusive,  comprehending 
Dawlish,  Teignmouth,  Shaldon,  and  Torquay.     8vo.    Exeter. 

40.  Johns,  C.  A.     A  week  at  the  Lizard.     8vo.     London,  1848. 

41.  Kentish  Traveller's  Companion  :  a  view  of  the  towns  and  antiquities 
on  or  near  the  road  from  London  to  Margate,  Dover,  and  Canterbury.     8vo. 
Rochester  and  Canterbury,  1776. 

42.  Kneale's  Guide  to  the  Isle  of  Man  ;  comprising  an  account  of  the  island, 
and  a  collection  of  Manx  Legends.     8vo.     Douglas. 

43.  Lincoln  Cathedral,  historical  and  descriptive  account  of.    With  a  plan 
of  the  edifice,  and  other  illustrations.     12mo.     Lincoln,  1849. 

44.  Lisch,  G.  C.  F.     Blatter  zur  Geschichte  der  Kirchen  zu  Doberan  und 
Althof.     8vo.     Schwerin,  1854. 

45.  London,  Recorders  of  the  City  of.     1298-1850.     Printed  by  direction  of 
the  Court  of  Aldermen.     4to.    London,  1850. 

46.  Louth,  Notitise  Ludae,  or  notices  of.     (By  R.  S.  Bayley.)     8vo.    Louth, 
1834. 

47.  Lumsden,    James.      Guide    to    Loch    Lomond,    Loch    Ketturin,    the 
Trosachs,  &e.     Sixth  Edition.     8vo.     Glasgow,  1 849. 


Nov.  28.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  359 

48.  Macmillan,  James.    Guide  to  the  Chapel-Royal  and  Palace  of  Holyrood- 
house.     Written  chiefly  from  materials  collected  by  Henry  Courtoy.     8vo. 
Edinburgh,  1837. 

49.  Neve,  Charles.    An  Account  of  King's  College  Chapel,  with  an  his- 
torical description.     18mo.     Cambridge,  1855. 

50.  Nottingham,   the   Stranger's   Guide  through.     Second   edition.     8vo. 
Nottingham,  1848. 

51.  Parker,  J.  H.     The  Church  of  St.  Bartholomew  the  Great,  Smithfield. 
A  Lecture  delivered  in  the  Church,  July  13,  1863.     8vo.     London,  1863. 

52.  Perry,  John.     The  State  of  Russia  under  the  present  Czar.  -  Also  an 
Account  of  the  Tartars.     8vo.     London,  1716. 

53.  Phillips,  Samuel.     Guide  to  the  Crystal  Palace  and  Park.     Illustrated 
by  P.  H.  Delamotte.     8vo.     London,  1854. 

54.  Piper,   Ferdinand.     Karls   des  Grossen  Kalendarinm  und   Ostertafel. 
8vo.    Berlin,  1858. 

55.  Plymouth,  Devonport,  Stonehouse,  etc.  Hand-Book  of.    12mo.    Exeter. 

56.  Prestwich,  Joseph.     The  Ground  beneath  us,  its  geological  phases  and 
changes  ;  being  three  Lectures  on  the  Geology  of  Clapham,  and  the  neigh- 
bourhood of^London  generally.     8vo.     London,  1857. 

57.  Ritson,  Joseph.     Annals  of  the  Caledonians,  Picts,  and  Scots  ;  and  of 
Strathclyde,  Cumberland,  Galloway,  and  Murray.     Two  vols.     8vo.    Edin- 
burgh, 1828. 

58.  Rooke,  Octavius.     Jersey,  pictorial,  legendary,  and  descriptive.     Third 
Edition.     8vo.     London. 

59.  Schillio,  J.  H.     Journal  of  a  Tour  from  Bath  to  the  Lakes.     To  which 
is  added  a  short  account  of  Worcester,  Derbyshire,  &c.     8vo.     London 
1836. 

60.  Stewart,  P.  G.    Essay  on  the  Dunblane  Mineral  Springs.  8vo.  Glasgow 
&c.,  1839. 

61.  Surrey,  Excursions  in  the  county  of.     8vo.     London,  1821. 

62.  Sussex,  Excursions  in  the  county  of.     12mo.    London,  1822. 

63.  Watson,  W.  W.     The  Visitor's  Guide  to  Herne  Bay  and  Canterbury. 
8vo.     London. 

64.  Welsh  Tradition,  an  Essay  on  the  influence  of,  upon  European  Litera- 
ture.    Not  published.     8vo.     London,  1838. 

65.  Woodward,  John.     An  account  of  some  Roman  Urns  and  other  anti- 
quities, lately  digg'd  up  near  Bishops-gate.     Svo.     London,  1713. 

66.  Worcester,  a  Guide  to  the  City  and  Cathedral  of.     8vo.     Worcester, 
1867. 

67.  Yarmouth  in  Norfolk,  an  Historical  Guide  to.     Third  Edition.     Svo. 
Yarmouth,  1821. 

From  the  Trustees  of  the  British  Museum  : — 

1.  Catalogue  of  the   Manuscript  Music  in    the    British    Museum.      Svo. 
London,  1842. 

2.  A  Guide  to  the  First  Vase  Room,  in  the  Department  of  Greek  and 
Roman  Antiquities.     Fourth  Edition.     12mo.     London,  1871. 

3.  A  Guide  to  the  Second  Vase  Room,  in  the  Department  of  Greek  and 
Roman  Antiquities.     12mo.     London,  1869. 

4.  A  Guide  to  the  Bronze  Room  in  the  Department  of  Greek  and  Roman 
Antiquities.     12mo.     London,  1871. 

5.  A  Guide  to  that  portion  of  the  Collection  of  Prints  bequeathed  to  the 
Nation   by  the  late  Felix  Slade,  Esq.,  now   on   exhibition  in  the   King's 
Library.     12mo.     London,  1869. 

6.  A  Guide  to  the  Autograph  Letters,  Manuscripts,  Original  Charters,  and 


360  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

Royal,  Baronial,  and  Ecclesiastical  Seals  exhibited  to  the  Public  in  the 
Department  of  Manuscripts.     12mo.    London,  1870. 

7.  A  Guide  to  the  Printed  Books  exhibited  to  the  Public.     12mo.     London, 
1870. 

8.  Catalogue  of  Prints  and  Drawings  in  the  British  Museum.    Division  I. 
Political  and  Personal  Satires  (No.  1  to  No.  1235).     Vol.  I.  1320.     April 
11,  1689.     8vo.    London,  1870. 

9.  A  selection  from  the  Miscellaneous  Inscriptions  of  Assyria,  being  Cunei- 
form Inscriptions  of  Western  Asia.     Vol.  III.    Edited  by  Sir  H.  C.  Raw- 
linson,  assisted  by  G.  Smith.    Folio.     London,  1870. 

10.  A  Catalogue  of  the  Greek  and  Etruscan  Vases  in  the  British  Museum, 
Vol.  II.     8vo.    London,  1870. 

11.  Catalogue  of  Syriac  Manuscripts  in  the  British  Museum,  acquired  since 
the  year    1838.     By  W.  Wright,  LL.D.     Parts   1   and  2.     2  Vols.    4to. 
London,  1870-71. 

12.  A  List  of  the  Books  of  Reference  in  the  Reading  Room  of  the  British 
Museum.     Second  Edition  revised.     8vo.     London,  1871. 

13.  A  Guide  to  the  Exhibition  Rooms  of  the  Departments  of   Natural 
History  and  Antiquities.     8vo.     London,  1871. 

14.  Catalogus  Codicum  Manuscriptorum  Orientalium   qui  in   Museo  Bri- 
tannico  asservantur.     Pars  secunda,  codices  Arabicos  amplectens.     Folio. 
London,  1871. 

From  the  Anthropological  Institute  : — 

1.  The  Journal.    Vol.  2,  Nos.  1  and  2.     8vo.     London,  1872. 

2.  List  of  the  Members.     To  March  1872.     8vo. 

From  M.  Ch.  Rsessler: — La  Mosa'ique  de  Lillebonne.  (Extrait  des  Publications 
de  la  Societe  Havraise  d'Etudes  diverses.)  8vo.  Rouen  and  Havre,  1871. 

From  the  Author  : — Nsenia  Cornubiae,  a  descriptive  Essay,  illustrative  of  the 
sepulchres  and  funereal  customs  of  the  early  inhabitants  of  the  county  of 
Cornwall.  By  W.  C.  Borlase,  B.A.  F.S.A.  8vo.  London  and  Truro, 
1872. 

The  Rev.  George  Hewitt  Hodson  and  Charles  Harcourt 
Chambers,  Esq.  were  duly  admitted  Fellows. 

A.  W.  FRANKS,  Esq.  F.S.A.  made  the  following  exhibitions 
and  communications : 

1.  The  first  object  which  I  beg  to  exhibit  is  a  bronze  pricket 
Candlestick,  4^  inches  high,  the  stem  of  which  issues  from  the 
body  of  a  stag.  It  appears  to  be  of  the  fourteenth  century,  and 
is  unfortunately  much  mutilated.  A  more  complete  example  of 
the  same  kind  is  engraved  in  the  <  Archseologia,'  Vol.  XXVIII. 
p.  442. 

It  is  not,  however,  so  much  on  account  of  its  excellence  or 
rarity  that  I  consider  this  object  deserving  the  attention  of  the 
Society,  but  as  illustrating  in  a  remarkable  manner  some  sug- 

festions  that  I  made  on  the  occasion  of  the  exhibition  of  Neolithic 
tone  Implements  (see  p.  233). 

Mr.  Alfred  Newton  Hennessy,  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for  this 
exhibition,  and  who  has  authorised  me  to  place  it  in  the  British 
Museum,  has  given  me  the  following  history  of  the  candlestick. 


Nov.  28.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  361 

About  two  years  since,  a  friend  of  his  went  to  Calcutta,  in  a 
ship  which  had  dredged  for  ballast  off  Erith,  and  in  discharging 
the  ballast  the  object  in  question  was  found. 

In  my  observations  to  the  Society  on  the  occasion  of  the 
exhibition  of  Stone  Implements  already  referred  to,  I  called 
attention  to  the  action  of  ballast  as  one  of  the  causes  which 
might  explain  the  discovery  of  foreign  types  of  stone  implements 
in  various  parts  of  the  world.  Had  this  bronze  not  been 
observed,  it  might  at  a  subsequent  period  have  been  found  in 
India,  and  brought  back  to  this  country  as  an  undoubted  Indian 
antiquity.  I  need  hardly  add  that  a  stone  implement  would 
have  more  easily  escaped  detection,  and  when  we  consider  the 
very  large  quantity  of  material  that  has  thus  been  removed  from 
one  country  to  another  it  is  scarcely  to  be  wondered  at  that  a  few 
antiquities  should  have  been  displaced,  and  puzzle  antiquaries 
by  the  unexpected  places  in  which  they  crop  up. 

2.  The  next  object  to  which  I  have  to  call  your  attention  is  a 
relic  of  no  slight  interest,  as  it  is  connected  with  the  royal  family 
of  England,  in  the  beginning  of  the  fourteenth  century,  and  is 
one  of  the  few  such  relics  now  in  existence. 

It  is  a  shrine-shaped  Casket  of  silver,  2|-  inches  high  and  3f 
inches  long,  unfortunately  recently  regilt,  and  has  engraved  orna- 
ments ;  those  on  the  lower  portion  consist  of  arches ;  on  each  of  the 
two  sloping  surfaces  are  quatrefoils  inclosing  arms.  •  The  three  in 
front  are  the  arms  of  England  and  France  impaled  by  dimidia- 
tion  and  differenced  by  a  plain  label.  The  three  at  the  back 
contain  the  arms  of  England  and  France  similarly  impaled, 
but  without  any  difference.  On  the  bottom  is  the  following 
inscription — "  1272.  Arms  of  Edward  E.  of  Lancaster,  called 
Crouchback,  2  son  of  K.  H.  3  ob.  1296.  In  Dr.  Ducarel's 
Collection,  1779." 

Mr.  W.  S.  Walford,  F.  S.  A.  has  published  in  the  '  Archaeological 
Journal,'  xiii:  p.  134,  a  memoir  on  this  casket,  written  with  his 
usual  discrimination.  After  stating  that  the  arms  cannot  be  those 
of  Edward  Crouchback,  he  proves  that  the  simple  arms  of  England 
impaled  with  France,  and  differenced  by  a  plain  label,  though 
there  is  a  slight  error  in  the  label  extending  over  the  whole  shield, 
can  only  be  the  arms  of  Isabella  of  France,  wife  of  Edward  II. 
before  she  ascended  the  throne.  The  arms  at  the  back  of  the 
casket  can  only  be  those  of  Margaret  wife  of  Edward  I.  or  of 
Isabella  of  France  as  queen.  As,  however,  it  is  not  likely  that  the 
arms  of  the  same  person  would  be  on  the  same  object  both  as 
princess  and  queen,  it  follows  that  the  arms  on  the  front  are  those 
of  Isabella  before  she  came  to  the  throne,  although  then  only 
betrothed  to  Prince  Edward,  and  those  on  the  back  the  arms  of 
Queen  Margaret.  The  date  must  therefore  be  between  May 


362  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

1303,  the  date  of  the  Betrothal,  and  July  1307,  when 'Edward  I. 
died. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  coat  with  the  label  is  in  front, 
while  the  more  important  coat  of  the  Queen  Regnant  is  on  the 
back.  Mr.  Walford  therefore  conjectures  that  this  object  was 
a  present  from  Queen  Margaret  to  her  step-daughter  Isabella. 

As  to  the  object  for  which  the  little  shrine  was  made,  it  is 
said  that  before  the  unfortunate  regilding  traces  were  to  be  seen 
of  divisions,  and  it  has  therefore  been  conjectured  that  it  was 
intended  to  contain  the  three  different  chrisms  and  was  intended 
to  form  part  of  the  young  prince's  chapelle. 

Till  recently  this  curious  relic  formed  part  of  the  Meyrick 
collection.  It  was  formerly  in  the  possession  of  Astle  and 
Douce,  and  from  the  latter  passed  to  Sir  Samuel  Meyrick.* 

3.  On  the  14th  of  June,  1866,  I  exhibited,  by  permission  of 
the  Conservators  of  the  Thames,  a  very  remarkable  bronze 
Helmet,  found  in  that  river,  and  which  is  now  deposited  in  the 
British  Museum.  (<  Proceedings,'  2d  S.  iii.  343.) 

I  now  beg  to  lay  before  the  Society  another  helmet  which, 
though  not  so  remarkable  in  its  form  as  the  Thames  helmet, 
possesses  some  points  of  interest.  The  other  helmet  had  two 
extraordinary  projections  like  conical  horns,  confirming  in  a 
singular  manner  the  statement  of  Diodorus  Siculus,  that  the 
Gauls  wore  "  brazen  helmets  having  great  projections  from  them, 
and  giving  a  singular  appearance  to  the  wearers,  for  to  some  of 
them  are  added  horns  springing  from  the  substance  of  the 
helmet."  The  present  example  is  of  a  more  ordinary  form;  it 
consists  of  a  conical  cap,  on  the  top  of  which  is  a  circular  mark, 
with  rivet-holes,  to  which,  no  doubt,  the  crest  was  attached. 
From  the  back  projects  a  semicircular  plate,  intended  to  protect 
the  neck.  This  plate  is  decorated  with  embossed  ornaments  of 
that  peculiar  character  which  I  have  termed  i  late  Celtic '  (see 
Kemble's  <  Horae  Ferales '),  and  very  similar  in  design  to  the  pat- 
terns on  the  Thames  helmet,  the  Celtic  origin  of  which  it  is 
important  to  bear  in  mind. 

I  am  acquainted  with  two  examples  of  this  form  of  helmet,  both 
found  in  England  ;  one  of  them  was  discovered  near  Tring,  Hert- 
fordshire, and  is  engraved  in  the  *  Vetusta  Monumenta,'  vol.  v. 
pi.  26,  27.  It  is  quite  plain,  and,  instead  of  a  crest,  has  a  circular 
moulded  button  or  knob,  not  unlike  the  shape  of  a  Roman  pedestal. 
The  other  was  also  discovered  in  Hertfordshire,  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  St.  Alban's.  It  is  quite  plain,  but  is  peculiarly 
interesting,  from  its  having  punched  upon  it,  in  letters  formed 
of  dots,  the  name  of  its  possessor.  The  inscription  is,  unfortu- 

*  The  casket  has  since  been  purchased  by  the  Trustees  of  the  British  Museum. 


Nov.  28.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  363 

nately,  very  difficult  to  read,  but  seems  to  contain  the  name 
Papirius,  a  good  and  ancient  Roman  name.  The  original  is 
now  in  the  Colchester  Museum. 

The  form,  therefore,  of  our  helmet  may  be  considered  to  a  cer- 
tain extent  Roman,  but  of  an  early  period  in  the  history  of  Roman 
Britain.  The  decoration  however  is  not  Roman,  and  there  is  a 
certain  want  of  finish  about  the  edges,  and  modifications  in  the 
general  form,  which  is  more  conical  than  in  the  two  Roman 
helmets,  which  suggest  a  Barbarian  origin.  The  ornaments 
moreover  are  not  classical,  and  among  them  are  bosses  once 
coated  with  red  enamel,  like  those  on  the  Thames  helmet,  and 
intended,  no  doubt,  to  imitate  the  red  coral  with  which  the 
Gauls,  as  related  by  Pliny  (lib.  xxxii.  c.  ii.  s.  ii.),  used  before 
his  time  to  decorate  their  helmets. 

Unfortunately  nothing  is  known  about  the  history  of  this 
specimen.  On  going  over  the  Meyrick  Armoury,  while  still  at 
Goodrich  Court,  I  found  to  my  surprise  among  the  Turkish 
arms  this  interesting  object.  It  is  evident  from  the  condition  of 
the  metal  that  it  has  been  discovered  in  a  river.  It  may  possibly 
have  been  found  in  the  Witham,  where  was  discovered  the 
very  remarkable  shield  published  in  the  '  Archseologia,'  xxiii. 
pi.  xiii.  see  also  6  Proceedings,'  iv.  144  ;  or  it  may  have  been  found 
in  the  Thames.  At  any  rate  I  feel  no  doubt  that  it  was  dis- 
covered in  Britain. 

I  am  glad  to  be  able  to  state  that  this  interesting  specimen 
has  come  into  my  possession,  and  is  destined  to  be  added  to  the 
National  Collection  together  with  the  Witham  shield.* 

While  on  the  subject  of  the  Meyrick  Collection  it  may  be  as 
well  to  correct  an  error  which  has  found  its  way  into  our  '  Proceed- 
ings,' 2d  S.  iii.  p.  518.  On  the  20th  June,  1867,  Mr.  W.  Tayler, 
F.S.A.  exhibited  to  us,  by  permission  of  Mr.  Goulburn  Parker, 
some  antiquities  which  had  belonged  to  the  late  Mr.  Kirkmann. 
Among  these. was  a  circular  bronze  shield  which  was  presumed 
to  be  the  one  found  in  the  Thames  between  Hampton  and 
Walton  in  September  1864,  and  described  by  Mr.  Kirkmann  in 
the  *  Gentleman's  Magazine  '  for  September  1865.  The  shield  did 
not  accord  in  several  particulars  with  the  engraving  in  the 
4  Gentleman's  Magazine,'  and  it  now  appears  that  it  was  one  of 
the  two  bronze  shields  from  the  armory  at  Goodrich  Court, 
having  been  found  in  1784  in  a  peat  moss  at  Moel  Sinbod,  near 
Capel  Curig,  Caernarvonshire,  and  presented  to  Sir  Samuel 
Meyrick  by  Mrs.  Newcombe,  see  '  Archeeologia,'  xxiii.  p.  95.  It 
had  been  lent  by  Colonel  Meyrick  to  the  late  Mr.  Kirkmann,  and 
has  since  been  returned  by  the  executors.  It  has  now  come 

*  Both  specimens  were  presented  to  the  British  Mnseum,  Dec.  14th,  1872. 


364 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 


[1872, 


into  my  possession  with  the  other  specimens.  It  .would  be 
desirable  to  know  what  has  become  of  the  shield  found  in  the 
Thames  in  1864. 

4.  I  have  next  to  call  attention  to  the  drawing  of  an  ancient 
Canoe  recently  found  in  the  bed  of  the  Thames  near  Marlow. 


EECTION  AT  B 


SECTIOJ1  ATA 


Remains  of  British  Canoe  found  in  the  Thames. 

Mr.  Alfred  Heneage  Cocks  having  been  good  enough  to  inform 
me  of  the  discovery,  I  sent  my  clerk,  Mr.  Gay,  to  examine  the 
original,  and  he  made  me  a  drawing,  which  is  reproduced  in  the 
above  woodcut.  The  canoe  in  question  had  been  discovered 
about  eighteen  months  ago  by  some  men  engaged  in  taking  ballast 
from  a  sand  bed  in  the  Thames  about  50  yards  from  Marlow  Eoad 
Railway  Bridge.  It  had  been  hewn  out  of  a  solid  oak  log,  having 
three  transverse  ribs  or  seats  16  to  18  inches  wide,  rising  from  2£ 
to  4  inches  above  the  rest  of  the  floor.  The  sides  were  decayed 
away.  The  length  of  the  canoe  was  25  feet,  the  width  3  feet  3 
inches,  the  greatest  depth  15  inches.  The  bottom  was  6  inches 
thick,  except  at  the  seats,  where  it  was  9  to  10  inches.  The  weight 
of  it  was  considerable,  taking,  as  it  did,  eleven  men  to  lift  it. 

In  '  Archaeologia,'  XXVI.  p.  257,  is  a  description  by  Mr. 
Thomas  Phillips,  and  an  engraving,  of  an  ancient  British  canoe 
discovered  at  North  Stoke,  in  Sussex,  and  now  in  the  British 
Museum.  It  has  several  points  of  resemblance  to  the  specimen 
discovered  in  the  Thames,  but  measured  no  less  than  35  feet  in 
length.  It  had  been  hollowed  out  of  the  half  of  an  oak  trunk. 
Reference  is  made  in  the  memoir  by  Mr.  Phillips  to  King's 
'  Munimenta  Antiqua,'  i.  p.  28,  for  notices  of  canoes  found 
in  Britain.  It  may  be  interesting  also  to  refer  to  Wilson's 
i  Prehistoric  Annals  of  Scotland '  (2nd  ed.  vol.  i.  p.  52)  for  notices 
of  the  discoveries  of  ancient  canoes  in  Scotland,  and  to  our 
*  Proceedings '  (2d  S.  ii.  p.  10)  for  other  instances  found  in 
England  and  Wales. 

An  ancient  canoe  was  found  at  Burpham,  Sussex,  now  pre- 


Dec.  5.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUAKIES.  365 

served  in  the  Lewes  Museum.  See  6  Sussex  Archaeological  Col- 
lections/ x.  p.  147. 

The  Rev.  F.  J.  Rawlins,  F.S.A.  has  called  my  attention  to 
another  discovery  of  the  same  kind  in  the  Thames,  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Windsor,  but  in  a  very  mutilated  condition. 

An  interesting  account  of  the  finding  of  a  canoe  in  a  '  veen ' 
in  the  province  of  Drenthe,  Netherlands,  has  been  published  by 
Dr.  Conrad  Leemans,  Hon.  F.S.A.  in  the  Transactions  of  the 
Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Amsterdam,  1871.  This  canoe 
appears  to  have  been  very  similar  in  its  construction  to  the 
example  from  Marlow,  and  was  of  about  the  same  length.  In 
this  case  an  oar  was  discovered. 

H.  C.  COOTE,  Esq.  F.S.A.  communicated  a  paper  on  "  The 
Milites  Stationarii,  considered  in  relation  to  the  Hundred  and 
Tithing  of  England."  Mr.  Coote  endeavoured  to  show  that  in 
the  u  Milites  Stationarii,"  -  or  Roman  Police,  as  instituted  by 
Augustus,  was  to  be  found  the  germ  of  the  English  Hundred 
and  Tithing  —  those  two  territorial  institutions  which  up  the 
reign  of  William  IV.  supplied  the  police  of  this  country.  Mr. 
Coote  stated  in  detail  all  he  had  collected  respecting  the  history 
and  organization  of  the  "  Milites  Stationarii,"  a  branch  of  the 
Roman  Executive  which  had  attracted  very  little,  if.  any,  atten- 
tion, and  proceeded  to  point  out  the  analogy  which,  as  he  con- 
ceived, was  to  be  found  between  that  organization  and  the 
English  Hundred  and  Tithing.  One  curious  illustration  of  this 
analogy  was  to  be  found  in  the  fact  that  just  as  the  Roman 
"  decanus  "  presided  over  ten  men,  being  himself  one  of  those 
ten,  so  in  the  old  English  Tithing  there  also  prevailed  this 
strange  peculiarity  of  reckoning. 

This  Communication  will  be  printed  in  the  *  Archa3ologia.' 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communications. 


Thursday,  December  5th,  1872. 
FREDERIC  OUVRY,  Esq.  Treasurer,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  extract  from  a  letter  from  Charles  S.  Perceval, 
Esq.  LL-D.  F  S.A.  to  the  Secretary,  was  laid  before  the 
Meeting. 

"  If  you  see  no  objection,  I  should  be  glad  if,  at  the  Ordinary 
Meeting  to-night,  you  would  let  the  Society  know  how  much  I 
value  the  very  cordial  expression  of  feeling  towards  me  which 


366  PKOCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

was  elicited  by  the  news  of  my  resignation.  I  am  truly  glad  to 
know  that  there  is  every  likelihood  that  the  Directorship  will 
now  revert  to  those  hands,  far  abler  than  my  own,  from  which 
it  passed  five  years  ago. 

"  During  my  tenure  of  office  I  have  met  with  nothing  but 
kindness  and  ready  assistance  from  everyone  connected  with 
the  Society " 

Notice  was  again  given  that  a  Ballot  for  the  Election  of  a 
Member  of  Council  and  Director  in  the  room  of  C.  S.  Perceval, 
Esq.  LL.D.  F.S.A.,  resigned,  would  be  taken  on  the  evening  of 
December  12th,  and  that  Augustus  Wollaston  Franks,  Esq. 
F.S.A.  was  recommended  by  the  Council  to  fill  the  vacant 
office.  The  Ballot  to  open  at  8*45  p.m.  and  to  close  at  9*30  p.m. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors : — 

From  the  Editor,  Mrs.  M.  A.  Everett  Green  : — Calendar  of  State  Papers, 
Domestic  Series,  of  the  reigns  of  Elizabeth  and  James  I.,  Addenda,  1580- 
1625  ;  preserved  in  Her  Majesty's  Public  Kecord  Office.  8vo.  London, 
1872. 

From  Her  Majesty's  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Home  Department : — By  the 
Queen.  A  Proclamation  publishing  and  declaring  the  Parliament  further 
prorogued  to  Thursday,  February  6th.  Given  at  Windsor,  27th  November, 
1872,  in  the  36th  year  of  reign.  Broadside  folio.  (Two  copies.) 

From  the  Cambrian  Archaeological  Association  : — Archaeologia  Cambrensis. 
Fourth  Series.  No.  12.  (Vol.  III.)  October.  8vo.  London,  1872. 

From  the  Somersetshire  Archaeological  and  Natural  History  Society  :—  Pro- 
^ceedings  during  the  year  1871.  Vol.  17.  8vo.  Taunton,  1872. 

From  the  Royal  Institute  of  British  Architects  : — Sessional  Papers  1872-73. 
No.  2.  4to.  London,  1872. 

Frederick  Illtid  Nicholl,  Esq.  and  James  Eglinton  Anderson 
Gwynne,  Esq.  were  admitted  Fellows. 

A  paper  was  read  by  the  Rev.  W.  C.  LUKIS,  M.A.  F.S.A. 
"  On  certain  erroneous  Views  respecting  the  Construction  of 
French  Chambered  Barrows." 

The  object  of  this  paper  was  to  correct,  and  if  possible  blot 
out,  mistakes  from  the  pages  of  archaeology  relating  to  prehistoric 
monuments.  It  was  the  first  of  three  papers  on  the  megalithic 
structures  of  France,  and  in  it  Mr.  Lukis  confined  his  remarks 
to  the  errors  which  are  commonly  entertained  on  the  subject  of 
chambered  barrows  both  in  France  and  in  Great  Britain.  He 
regretted  that  so  little  progress  had  been  made  in  the  study  of 
them  during  the  last  fifty  years,  and  attributed  it  in  a  great 
measure  to  cursory  observation  and  want  of  experience,  and  also 
defective  education  in  this  particular  branch  of  the  subject. 


Dec.  5.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  367 

Antiquaries,  he  thought,  were  too  prone  to  rest  satisfied  with 
the  already  published  descriptions  and  conclusions  of  others, 
without  personal  examination,  or  they  entered  upon  the  study  of 
the  structures  with  preconceived  ideas  which  they  were  loth  to 
renounce.  This  was  shown  to  be  pre-eminently  the  case  with 
the  author  of  "  Kude  Stone  Monuments  in  all  Countries,"  whose 
praiseworthy  efforts  to  bring  together  for  comparison  the  mega- 
lithic  structures  scattered  over  the  world  were  marred  by  his 
misconceptions  as  to  their  true  construction. 

The  errors  to  which  Mr.  Lukis  called  attention  are  the 
following : — 

I.  That  some  of  the  tombs  were  always  "  free-standing,"  i.e. 
formed  of  upright  stones  supporting  flat  roofs,  as  we  now  see 
them,  standing  on  the  natural  surface,  wholly  exposed,  never 
having  had  any  artificial  envelopment  of  earth. 

II.  That  from  the  first  there  were  such  monuments  as  those 
to  which  the  names  of  "demi-dolmens,"  or  "earth-fast  dolmens," 
have  been  given,  i.e.  that  some  tombs  had  their  roofing-slabs 
always,  as  now,  supported  at  one  end  on  one  or  more  uprights, 
and  at  the  other  end  resting  on  the  ground. 

III.  That  some  stone  chambers  or  cists  were  erected  on  the 
top  of  their  artificial  mounds,  and  were  always,  partly  or  wholly, 
exposed  to  view. 

Mr.  Lukis  objected  to  the  word  "  dolmen,"  on  the  ground 
that  it  is  applicable  to  few  of  the  monuments.  It  signifies  a 
stone  table,  and  the  majority  of  these  tombs  bear  no  resemblance 
whatever  to  such  a  thing.  He  employed  it,  however,  under 
protest,  because  it  is  in  common  use  on  the  continent. 

I.  With  regard  to  the  first  error,  his  large  acquaintance  with 
the  French  examples  has  led  him  to  the  conclusion  that  the 
custom  of  dolmen-builders  was  to  inclose  them  in  mounds  of 
earth  or  stone,  or  both.  The  generally  received  opinion,  result- 
ing from  numerous  explorations,  is,  that  these  structures  were 
erected  for  places  of  sepulture.  Many  exist  in  the  same  condition 
as  when  they  were  erected,  the  mounds  containing  a  chamber,  of 
which  there  is  no  external  visible  sign.  There  is  no  difference 
of  opinion  about  these  monuments ;  it  is  only  when  the  chamber 
is  more  or  less  exposed  to  view  that  opinions  become  divergent. 
When  the  upper  surface  of  the  capstones  is  seen,  it  is  then  said 
by  some  authors  that  such  was  the  mode  of  construction  in  many 
cases.  When  the  capstone  is  wholly  exposed  it  is  declared  that 
such  was  its  primary  condition.  When  the  supporting  walls  of 
the  chamber  are  partially  visible,  the  opinion  is  at  once  expressed 
that  this  kind  of  monument  was  always  intended  to  be  thus  seen. 
And  when  the  dolmen  is  exposed  from  the  surface  level  it  is 
positively  asserted,  as  a  matter  beyond  dispute,  that  this  kind 


368  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872. 

had  not  been  inclosed  in  a  mound,  and  never  was  meant  to  be 
inclosed. 

These  various  opinions,  Mr.  Lukis  contended,  arose  from 
persons  not  having  closely  observed  and  compared  one  monu- 
ment with  another,  or  were  maintained  because  they  adapt 
themselves  to  some  preconceived  notions.  It  is  of  little  conse- 
quence whether  the  upper  surface  of  the  capstone,  in  some  cases, 
appears;  the  chamber  is  still  a  dark  secluded  tomb,  and  the 
interments  are  carefully  concealed  and  protected.  The  difficulties 
begin  to  manifest  themselves  when  the  capstone  is  wholly  exposed. 
The  rational  inference  would  be,  that  the  destructive  agencies  of 
the  natural  elements  have  caused  this  partial  denudation,  and 
probably  most  persons  would  concede  this.  It  is  when  the 
supports  are  visible  that  careless  observers  begin  to  exercise 
their  powers  of  argumentation  in  defence  of  their  views.  They 
overlook  the  unmistakeable  traces  of  the  original  enveloping 
mound,  the  form  and  dimensions  of  which  can  be  approximately 
determined. 

Mr.  Lukis  then  showed  that  Mr.  Fergusson,  who  has 
strongly  advocated  the  "  free-standing  "  theory,  and  who  has 
brought  forward  several  examples  in  support  of  it,  had  not  been 
happy  in  his  selection  of  them.  Out  of  150  monuments  belong- 
ing to  the  dolmen  class  existing  in  Brittany,  and  up  the  river 
Loire  as  far  as  Saumur,  the  lecturer  could  name  only  thirteen 
about  which  there  is  no  distinct  trace  of  a  barrow: — viz. :  1. 
Kerhuen-Tangui,  in  the  parish  of  Orach,  near  Auray ;  2.  Ker- 
lairec,  parish  of  Carnac ;  3.  Le  Cosquer,  parish  of  Plouharnel ; 
4.  Le  Roch,  parish  of  Erdeven  ; — all  in  the  department  of  the 
Morbihan  ;  5.  A  dolmen,  near  Plouneour ;  6.  One  at  Goulven  ; 
7.  One  at  Ste.  Barbe,  near  Roscoif; — all  in  the  department  of 
Finisterre  ;  8.  La  Grotte  aux  Fees,  near  Esse,  in  the  department 
of  Ille  et  Vilaine ;  9.  La  Barbiere,  near  Crossac ;  10.  La  Grotte 
au  Loup,  near  Bergon ;  11.  Dolmen  at  S.  Nazaire  ; —  all  in  the 
department  of  the  Loire  Inferieure ;  12.  Dolmen  of  Mettray, 
near  Tours  ;  13.  Dolmen  of  Bagneux,  near  Saumur. 

In  a  question  of  this  nature,  it  is  not  right  to  pick  out  an 
instance  or  two  of  total  denudation,  or  complete  exposure,  and 
thence  form  a  distinct  class  of  monument ;  nor  is  it  right  to  swell 
the  list  by  including  those  where  traces,  however  slight,  of  mounds 
are  distinctly  visible.  Mr.  Fergusson  has  done  this.  Mr.  Lukis 
wished  it  to  be  understood  that  the  rule  for  which  he  contended 
was  established  by  the  extreme  rarity  of  the  instances,  and  that, 
for  every  case  of  complete  exposure  in  France,  he  could  pro- 
duce more  than  a  dozen  where  traces  of  the  barrow  exist.  He 
then  proceeded  to  criticise  Mr.  Fergusson's  illustrative  examples. 
The  reasons  given  by  this  author  for  supposing  the  Bagneux  and 


Dec.   5.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  369 

the  Mettray  chambers  to  have  been  never  covered,  are  that 
they  may  have  been  left  unfinished,  or  that  the  capstones  of  the 
former  could  hardly  have  supported  a  heavy  mass  without  falling 
in,  and  the  latter  are  so  thick  that  the  builders  would  hardly 
have  wished  them  to  be  hid.  Against  the  a  free-standing  " 
theory,  Mr.  Lukis  stated  that  he  knew  not  a  single  instance  of 
complete  exposure  on  any  headland,  or  site  far  removed  from 
habitations,  in  France.  A  large  proportion  of  existing  barrows 
are  stone  cairns,  upon  which  the  elements  have  exercised  little 
or  no  influence,  whereas  many  of  the  exposed  chambers  are 
situated  in  localities  where  there  is  little  or  no  stone,  e.g.,  at 
Esse  and  at  Saumur,  and  at  the  latter  place  a  smaller,  yet 
huge,  chamber,  on  a  neighbouring  elevation,  exhibits  traces  of 
its  sandy  mound  and  encircling  stones.  The  feature  which  he 
thought  helped  to  prove  that  exposed  dolmens  had  been  covered, 
is  that  adjunct,  existing  in  some  of  the  exposed  examples,  by 
which  access  to  the  sepulchre  was  obtained,  i.e.,  the  passage, 
which  is  constructed  in  precisely  the  same  kind  of  way  as  the 
chamber  itself, — by  upright  walling-stones  supporting  the  roof. 
According  to  the  "  free-standing "  theory,  its  use  would  be 
wholly  unnecessary. 

The  names  which  have  been  given  to  some  of  them  point  in 
the  same  direction  ;  "  Grottes,"  "Cavernes,"  "Creux."  We  can 
understand  these  names  being  applied  to  covered  tombs 
having  a  galleried  entrance  externally  open,  but  not  to  those 
which  are  wholly  exposed,  except  on  the  supposition  that  they 
were  once  enveloped  in  mounds,  and  still  retain  their  names 
notwithstanding  the  loss  of  their  mounds.  These  "  grottes  "  no 
doubt  became  dens  of  wild  animals,  and  their  names  indicate 
the  fact,  e.g.  "  La  Grotte  au  Loup/'  "  La  Maison  du  Loup  " ;  and  a 
completely  denuded  dolmen  standing  in  a  cultivated  field  near 
Bergon  (Loire  Inferieure)  is  known  by  the  former  name.  It 
consists  of  a  large  stone  supported  by  three  uprights,  and  is  in 
every  sense  very  unlike  a  cavern  or  den. 

The  great  dolmen  of  Cotirconno,  in  the  parish  of  Plouharnel, 
was  then  alluded  to,  and,  by  means  of  a  large  diagram  of  its 
ground-plan  drawn  to  scale,  it  was '  shown  that  Mr.  Fergusson 
was  mistaken  in  supposing  that  it  never  was  covered  up,  for 
traces  of  the  mound  are  clearly  visible,  and  several  of  the  side 
walling  stones  which  had  formed  the  long  gallery  or  passage 
leading  to  the  chamber  are  still  lying  there.  When  Mr.  Lukis 
first  planned  this  monument  in  1854,  a  larger  number  of  them 
existed.  This  remarkable  structure  will  be  more  fully  described 
in  the  second  paper. 

The  curious  and  anomalous  monument  standing  on  an 
island  at  St.  Germain-sur-Vienne,  near  Confolens,  was  now 

VOL.  v.  2  B 


370  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

critically  examined  at  some  length,  and  explained  and  illustrated 
by  a  series  of  plans.  Michon's  account,  printed  in  the  "  Statistique 
Monumentale  de  la  Charente,"  was  quoted,  and  confirmed  by 
discoveries  made  by  Mr.  Lukis  and  Sir  Henry  Dry  den.  There 
appears  to  be  very  little  doubt  that  this  monument,  as  now 
seen,  was  inclosed  within  a  small  chapel  of  the  eleventh  or 
twelfth  century,  and  that  it  comprises  the  works  of  two  dates, 
many  years  apart, — that  it  was  erected  in  the  first  instance  for 
one  purpose,  and  was  subsequently  turned  to  a  completely 
different  use.  This  transformation  took  place  when  the  chapel 
was  erected.  Evidence  of  the  antecedent  use  of  the  ponderous 
rude  capstone  was  adduced  by  Mr.  Lukis's  discovery  of  faint  in- 
cisions on  its  under  surface  representing  a  stone  celt  mounted  in 
its  handle,  and  a  second  celt  unmounted.  This  sculpture  was 
compared  with  similar  representations  on  Britany  tombs.  A 
more  detailed  account  of  the  monument  will  also  appear  in  the 
second  paper. 

Mr.  Lukis's  remarks  on  the  first  error  terminated  with  a 
description  of  the  well-known  dolmen  of  Dolar-Marchant,  in 
the  parish  of  Locmariaker,  which  Mr.  Fergusson  considers  to 
be  "  the  most  interesting,  if  not  the  finest,  free-standing  dolmen 
in  France."  A  ground-plan  and  section  drawn  to  scale  were 
produced  to  prove  that  the  chamber  possessed  a  long  gallery  or 
passage,  and  that  the  whole  was  buried  about  five  feet  in  the 
remains  of  the  enveloping  mound,  the  interstices  between  the 
walling-stones  being  filled  in  with  a  dry  masonry  for  the  express 
purpose  of  keeping  out  the  earth. 

II.  In  refuting  the  second  error  Mr.  Lukis  pointed  out  how 
it  was  based  upon  the  misconceptions  of  antiquaries  of  a  past 
ill-informed  age.  It  is  probable  that  we  are  indebted  to  the 
French  for  this  supposed  class  of  monument.  They  originated 
the  name  of  "  demi-dolmen,"  for  which  word  we  have  no 
English  equivalent,  on  which  account  M.  du  Noyer  proposed 
to  call  them  "  earth-fast  dolmens."  This  blind  leading  of  the 
blind  has  induced  and  encouraged  the  notion  of  a  late  chronology 
for  these  structures,  which  Mr.  Lukis  clearly  showed  were  none 
other  than  dilapidated  dolmens.  It  is  stated  in  "  Rude  Stone 
Monuments,"  page  345,  that  it  is  "  a  form  of  dolmen  very  common 
in  France;"  but  Mr.  Lukis  declared  positively  that  it  exists 
nowhere,  as  a  primitive  structure,  in  that  country.  In  support 
of  this  error  Mr.  Fergusson  has  made  special  mention  of  three 
examples  by  way  of  illustration,  which,  it  is  presumed,  he  con- 
sidered most  striking  and  convincing.  The  first  is  said  to  be 
taken  from  Mane's  "  Antiquites  du  Morbihan."  This  example, 
however,  has  been  so  altered  in  Mr.  Fergusson's  woodcut  as  to 
give  a  new  complexion  and  a  more  modern  character  to  it.  The 


Dec.  5.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  371 

stones  have  been  reduced  in  number  and  made  to  appear  as  if 
they  had  been  artificially  squared.  Besides  this  inexplicable 
modification*  of  another  man's  sketch,  the  name  of  "  demi-dol- 
men"  has  been  fathered  upon  Mahe,  who,  although  a  firm 
believer  in  demi-dolmens,  does  not  apply  this  name  to  it,  but 
considers  the  monument  to  be  of  so  special  a  character  as  to 
deserve  a  special  designation.  The  truth  is  that  no  such  monu- 
ment as  represented  in  Mahe's  engraving  exists,  or  has  ever 
existed.  This  ecclesiastical  antiquary  was  a  wretched  draughts- 
man, and  in  his  canon's  residence  at  Vannes  made  a  drawing, 
partly  from  memory  and  partly  from  hearsay,  of  two  monuments, 
exhibiting  different  features,  which  he  has  converted  into  an 
ideal  building. 

The  second  example  is  the  monument  near  Poitiers,  which 
Mr.  Fergusson  considers  a  typical  specimen  of  French  demi- 
dolmens.  Prosper  Merimee,  in  his  u  Notes  d'un  voyage  dans 
1'Ouest  de  la  France,"  written  in  1836,  describes  it  as  "  a  dolmen, 
the  capstone  of  a  nearly  round  form,  resting  partly  on  the 
ground,  some  of  the  pillars  having  been  destroyed,  and  partly  on 
stones  of  about  four  feet  in  height,  irregularly  spaced."  There 
seems  to  be  no  satisfactory  reason  for  making  it  into  a  distinct 
class  of  monument. 

The  third  example  is  that  known  at  Carnac  by  the  name  of 
Crux-Mo tten,  from  the  presence  of  a  stone  cross  fixed  upon  it. 
Mr.  Fergusson's  opinion  is  that  "  it  is  and  ahvays  was  a  Christian 
monument."  The  woodcut  in  "  Rude  Stone  Monuments"  is  very 
faulty  in  several  essential  particulars.  The  cross  is  drawn  per- 
pendicular, whereas  it  leans  to  the  extent  of  eighteen  inches  in  a 
direction  eastwards  ;  and  a  side  walling-slab  which  formed  part 
of  the  chamber  has  been  placed  by  the  artist  midway  between 
the  monument  and  Carnac  church,  whereas  it  is  only  four  feet 
from  the  sole  remaining  support  and  at  a  right  angle  to  it. 
When  Mr.  Lakis  first  saw  and  planned  the  monument  a  part  of 
the  passage  or  gallery  was  visible,  and  the  stone-breakers  had 
laid  their  rude  hands  upon  the  capstone.  This  is  a  very  clear 
instance  of  the  mistakes  which  result  from  careless  observation. 

If  the  cross  were  perpendicular,  as  represented  in  the  wood- 
cut, it  would  show  that,  at  the  time  of  the  erection  of  the  cross, 
the  eastern  end  of  the  capstone  rested  on  the  ground ;  but  the 
actual  position  of  the  cross  shows  that  the  capstone  has  been 
lowered  at  this  end  by  the  removal  of  supports,  and  that  in 

*  Mr.  Fergusson  has  informed  me  that  although,  through  an  oversight,  he  has 
attributed  the  original  of  his  woodcut  to  Mahe,  it  is  really  taken  from  the  sup- 
posed reproduction  of  Mahe  in  Gailhabaud's  Architecture.  I  beg  therefore  to 
withdraw  any  imputation  on  Mr.  Fergusson's  good  faith  in  this  matter,  the  mo- 
dification in  question  being  the  work  of  another  writer. 

2B2 


372  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

falling  it  has  carried  the  cross  with  it.  The  idea  of  such  monu- 
ments being  Christian  is  in  no  way  supported  by  this  example. 

As  Mahe  has  been  quoted  as  an  authority  for  the  supposed 
class  of  demi-dolmens,  Mr.  Lukis  exhibited  an  enlarged  copy  of 
one  example  engraved  in  the  Canon's  book,  plate  iv.  fig.  3,  and 
compared  it  with  a  scale-plan  and  section,  drawn  by  himself. 
Mahe's  drawing  is  quite  unintelligible  and  bears  no  resemblance 
whatever  to  the  reality.  Mr.  Lukis' s  plan  proved  to  demon- 
stration that  the  Canon  was  mistaken  and  that  the  monument  is 
a  dilapidated  dolmen.  Another  fanciful  conception  of  the  same 
author  with  regard  to  a  remarkable  structure  on  the  same  hill 
(Mane-er-Klo'ch)  was  also  pointed  out  These  monuments -will 
be  fully  described  hereafter. 

III.  The  third  error  relates  to  tombs  in  the  South  of  France, 
which  Mr.  Fergusson  describes  to  be  dolmens  erected  upon  the 
top  of  artificial  mounds,  and  of  which  he  informs  us  there  are 
numerous  examples  in  Europe,  and  "  more  especially  in  France." 
It  is  probable  that  this  author  has  been  misled  by  the  inaccurate 
language  employed  by  continental  writers.  It  is  quite  clear 
that,  when  they  write  "  un  dolmen  sur  le  sommet  d'un  tumulus," 
they  simply  mean  that  this  is  what  appears  to  the  eye.  This 
error  has  led  Mr.  Fergusson  into  cenotaphic  disquisitions  which 
happen  to  have  no  bearing  whatever  upon  the  monuments  in 
question.  The  woodcut  of  the  Bousquet  (Aveyron)  chambered 
mound  is  not  an  accurate  representation  of  it,  and  conveys  the 
impression  of  a  considerable  monument  both  as  regards  the 
mound  and  the  chamber.  It  is,  on  the  contrary,  of  small 
dimensions,  about  40  feet  in  diameter  and  4  feet  in  elevation. 
Mr.  Lukis  and  Sir  H.  Dry  den  have  planned  a  few  tombs  of  like 
construction,  which  are  situated  on  the  calcareous  plains  of 
Salles-la- Source,  near  Rodez,  and  have  been  assured  by  the  Abbes 
Marcorelles  and  Ceres  that  no  material  difference  exists  between 
them  and  the  group  at  Sauclieres,  to  which  the  Bousquet  mound 
belongs.  In  1862  Abbe  Marcorelles  partially  explored  the 
Bousquet  dolmen,  and  found  bones  of  adults  and  of  a  child  of 
8  or  10  years  of  age.  A  few  years  later  the  exploration  was 
continued  by  MM.  de  Cartailhac  and  Ancessy.  This  discovery 
quite  sets  at  rest  the  question  of  a  real  or  a  simulated  tomb.  It 
is  the  deliberate  opinion  of  the  two  Abbes  that  there  is  no  such 
monument,  in  the  groups  of  tombs  on  the  plains  of  Sauclieres 
and  of  Salles-la- Source,  as  a  dolmen  erected  on  the  top  of  an 
artificial  mound,  and  Mr.  Lukis's  scale-diagrams  of  those  on  the 
latter  plain  confirmed  this  view.  The  stone  chambers  were 
shown  to  stand  on  the  natural  surface  level. 

Mr.  Lukis  concluded  his  paper  with  these  words :  "  I  have 
established  my  propositions,  not  from  second-hand  information, 


Dec.   12.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  373 

but  from  personal  investigation  ;  and,  not  only  so,  I  have  arrived 
at  the  truth  after  a  very  long  study  of  the  monuments — planning, 
drawing,  and  comparing  one  with  another.  I  have  taken  you 
to  the  monuments  themselves,  and  pointed  out  the  changes  in 
their  form  which  they  have  undergone  by  the  violence  of  rude 
hands  or  other  destructive  agencies ;  and  if,  after  such  evidence, 
men  refuse  to  believe,  or  the  smile  of  incredulity  continue  to  be 
indulged,  the  only  conclusion  I  can  come  to  is  that  the  wheel  of 
archaeological  science  has  met  with  an  accident  and  is  therefore 
unable  to  advance,  or  that,  owing  to  some  strange  complications, 
it  has  ceased  to  revolve,  not  because  any  formidable  obstacle 
lies  in  its  path,  for  the  road  is  clear  and  even,  but  because 
knowledge  and  skill  are  wanting  to  keep  it  in  motion. 

"  What  is  required  is  not  any  dabbling  in  archeology,  not 
any  dogmatic  expositions  of  hypotheses,  not  fanciful  theories, 
but  carefully  noted  facts,  plainly  and  honestly  stated,  a  whole- 
souled  aim  of  contributing  to  the  promotion  and  illustration  of 
scientific  truth.  Imagination  must  not  be  allowed  to  run  riot 
in  such  a  matter  as  this. 

"  I  have  met  with  the  remark  somewhere,  *  an  evil  tradi- 
tion dies  hard ;'  and  the  ideas  of  '  free-standing  '  dolmens,  of 
'  earth-fast '  dolmens,  and  of  6  external  dolmens  on  the  top 
of  tumuli,' — ideas  having  their  origin  in  very  re'cent  times, — 
have  been  tenaciously  clung  to  even  until  now, .  because  men 
have  not  observed  for  themselves,  but  have  been  content  to 
follow  the  lead  of  superficial  observers." 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  this  communication. 


Thursday,  December  12th,  1872. 
COLONEL  A.  H.    LANE  FOX,  V.P.,  in  the  Chair. 

The  Secretary  read  that  portion  of  the  Statutes  (chap.  vi.  §  xi.) 
which  relates  to  the  election  of  any  Member  of  Council  or  Officer 
of  the  Society  upon  such  vacancies  as  shall  happen  in  the  in- 
tervals of  the  Anniversary  Elections. 

R.  H.  Major,  Esq.  and  H.  S.  Milman,  Esq.  were  nominated 
by  the  Chairman,  and  appointed  Scrutators  of  the  Ballot,  which 
was  declared  to  be  opened  at  8*45  P.M. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors : — 


374  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

A  vote  of  Special  Thanks  was  awarded  to  Mr.  Ellacombe  for 
his  work  on  "  Bells  of  the  Church." 

From  A.  W.  Franks,  Esq.  M.A.  F.S.A.  Publications  of  the  Friesland  Society 
for  History,  Archaeology,  and  Philology;  as  follows: — • 

1.  Jancko  Douwama's  Geschriften.     4to.    Leeuwarden,  1849. 

2.  Thet  Freske  Riim,  met  aanteekeningen  van  E.  Epkema.     4to.    Worku'm, 
1835. 

3.  Gesta  Fresonum  uit  de  Apographa  Juniana.     4to.     Workum,  1837. 

4.  Oude  Friesche  Kronijken.     4to.     Leeuwarden,  1853. 

5.  Jr.   Fredrich  Van   Vervov,  enige    Gedenckoveerdige   Geschiedenissen. 
8vo.     Leeuwarden,  1841. 

6.  Oude  Friesche  Wetten.     Deelen,  1,  2.     8vo.    Leeuwarden,  1846-51. 

7.  Worperi  Tyaerda    ex  Renismageest,  Prioris  in  Thabor,  chronicorum 
Frisiae  libri  tres.     Worp  Tyaerda  Van  Rinsumageest.  Fierde  Boek.     8vo. 
Leeuwarden,  1847-50. 

8.  Proeliarius  of  Strijdboek,  bevattende  de  jongste  oorlogen  in  Friesland, 
in  het  jaar  1518.     8vo.     Leeuwarden,  1855. 

9.  Memoires  relatifs  a  la  Guerre  de  Succession  de  1706-1709  et  1711,  de 
Sicco  Van  Goslinga,  publics  par  MM.  U.  A.  Evertsz  et  G.  H.  M.  Delprat. 
8vo.     Leeuwarden,  1857. 

10.  Het  Leven  van  Menno  Baron  Van  Coehoorn,  uitgegeven  door  Jhr.  J.  W. 
Van  Sypesteyn.     8vo.     Leeuwarden.     1860. 

11.  Catalogus  der  Bibliotheek  van  het  Friesch  Genootschap  van  Geschied, 
Oudheid-en-Taalkunde.     8vo.     Leeuwarden,  1862. 

12.  De  Lex  Frisionum,  uitgegeven  en  toegelicht  door  Dr.  Karl  Freiherr  von 
Richthofen.     8vo.    Leeuwarden,  1866. 

From  the  Author  : — Open  Brief  aan  het  Collegie  van  Gedeputeerde  Staten  van 
Drenthe,  over  de  zorg  voor  en  het  onderhoud  der  Hunnebeddeh.  Door 
Mr.  L.  Oldenhuis  Gratama.  8vo.  Assen,  1868. 

From  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  : — Lapidarium  Sep- 
tentrionale  :  or,  a  Description  of  the  Monuments  of  Roman  Rule  in  the 
North  of  England.  Edited  by  J.  Collingwood  Bruce,  LL.D.  F.S.A.  Folio. 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  1872. 

From  the  Author  :— Bells  of  the  Church  :  a  Supplement  to  the  "  Church  Bells  of 
Devon,"  by  the  Rev.  H.  T.  Ellacombe,  M.A.  F.S.A.  4to.  Exeter,  1872. 

From  the  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society  of  Manchester  : — Proceedings. 
Vol.  XII.  No.  3.  8vo.  1872. 

From  the  Architectural  and  Archaeological  Society  for  the  county  of  Bucking- 
ham  : — Records  of  Buckinghamshire.  Vol.  IV.  No.  3.  8vo.  Aylesbury, 
1872. 

From  Capt.  A.  C.  Tupper,  F.S.A.: — An  accurate  Description  and  History  of  the 
Cathedral  and  Metropolitical  Church  of  St.  Peter,  York.  2  yols."  12mo. 
York,  1768-70. 

The  following  gentlemen  were  admitted  Fellows  : — 
George  Bonnor,  Esq. 
William  Long,  Esq.  M.A. 

EDWIN  FRESHFIELD,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited— 
1.  A  fragment  of  a  Stone  Celt  found  at  a  place  called  the 
Cross  Ways  at  Chipstead  in  Surrey.     These  ways  consist  of  two 


Dec.   12.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  375 

roads,  one  following  the  line  of  the  old  pack  road  over  the  hills 
from  Reigate  to  Croydon,  the  other  from  Gatton  to  Walton 
Heath,  and  across  the  heath  to  Mickleham.  The  two  roads 
intersect  at  right  angles  at  a  house  called  the  Mint  House, 
belonging  to  Mr.  E.  Freshfield,  and  form  the  southern  and 
eastern  boundaries  of  one  of  his  fields.  It  was  in  the  latter  of 
these  two  ways  in  August  last,  after  a  very  severe  thunder- 
storm, which  had  washed  it  bare  to  the  chalk,  that  he  found 
this  implement  just  where  the  road  begins  to  mount  the  hill. 
It  was  a  micaceous  grit  unlike  either  the  Reigate  stone  or  the 
Nutfield  stone  of  the  adjacent  district.  The  mark  round  the 
blunt  end  had  been  thought  to  be  due  to  the  thong  for  fastening 
it  to  the  handle.  Mr.  John  Evans,  however,  was  of  opinion 
that  this  mark  was  of  comparatively  modern  date. 

2.  A  rubbing  of  the  brass  of  Robert  Halam,  Bishop  of  Salis- 
bury, who  died  at  the  Council,  and  was  buried  in  the  city  of 
Constance,  A.D.  1416.  On  this  exhibition  Mr.  E.  Freshfield 
remarked  as  follows,  in  a  letter  to  the  Secretary: — 

"  The  engraving  in  the  *  Archseologia,'  vol.  xxx.  p.  430,  of  the 
Constance  Brass  is  so  good  that  there  is  not  much  to  be  gained 
by  a  comparison  with  the  present  impression.  The  word  '  mense ' 
is  omitted,  but  otherwise  the  impression  is  very  accurate ;  but 
there  are  one  or  two  things  in  the  written  description  on  which  I 
think  a  remark  may  be  made.  I  suppose  that  it  is  not  necessary  at 
this  time  of  day  to  confirm  what  the  writer  surmised,  viz.,  that 
the  brass  is  entirely  English  and  that  the  inscription  is  as  much 
a  part  of  the  original  brass  as  any  other  portion  of  it.  I  ex- 
amined the  stone  in  which  the  brass  is  fixed,  and  I  am  quite 
certain  that  it  is  English  stone,-  and  I  think  Purbeck,  and  so  no 
doubt  the  stone  with  the  brass  fixed  in  it  was  exported  to  Con- 
stance. The  only  word  about  which  I  have  a  doubt  is  the  word 
'  Constantia,'  The  piece  of  brass  upon  which  this  word  is 
written  has  .been  at  some  time  cut  out  and  replaced,  and  I 
believe  that  the  piece  of  brass  was  turned  upside  down,  the 
name  re-engraved  in  the  town  of  Constance,  and  the  piece  of 
brass  fastened  down  again.  It  is  possible  that  it  may  have  been 
inaccurately  written.  I  feel  pretty  sure  that  if  one  could  obtain 
permission  to  take  up  that  piece  of  the  brass  you  would  find  the 
word  written  (and  probably  inaccurately)  on  the  other  side.  The 
character  of  the  writing  of  the  word  *  Constantia  '  also  is  quite 
different  from  the  rest  of  the  inscription.  The  inscription  is 
interesting  as  it  solves  any  question  as  to  the  actual  Ecclesiastical 
rank  of  Bishop  Halam  ;  if  there  had  been  any  truth  in  the 
statement  that  he  had  been  made  a  Cardinal  by  Pope  John 
XXIII.  as  has  been  suggested,  his  title  would  have  been  so  stated 
upon  his  brass. 


376  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

"The  only  other  matter  I  would  remark  upon  is' the  obli- 
terated Shield.  The  brass  of  this  remains  perfect,  and  a  portion 
of  the  pewter  or  lead  to  which  the  enamel  was  fastened  still 
remains;  no  doubt  the  arms  were  those  of  the  bishop.  I  must 
apologise  for  the  rubbing  exhibited,  but,  although  permission  was 
granted  with  apparent  willingness,  I  was  continually  pressed  by 
the  officials  to  be  quick  when  it  was  clear  that  I  would  not  pur- 
chase a  very  indifferent  rubbing  made  by  them." 

The  doubts  expressed  by  Mr.  Freshfield  as  to  the  cardinalate 
of  Bishop  Halam  must  yield  to  the  evidence  furnished  by  the 
Bishop's  register  at  Salisbury.  It  appears  from  "  The  Regis- 
trum  Halam,"  ad  finem  fol.  13,  and  from  a  letter  addressed  to 
the  bishop,  and  quoted  in  the  register,  that  Halam  was  made  a 
cardinal  on  the  5th  June,  1411.  The  following  is  an  extract 
from  the  letter  in  question,  which  appears  to  have  been  addressed 
by  the  College  of  Cardinals  to  Halam.  The  writer  is  speaking, 
of  the  Pope — 

Ad  veram  igitur  pateriritatem  nientem  suae  beatitudinis  flectens,  nobis  non 
solum  adsentientibus  sed  etiam  cohortantibus,  hodie,  videlicet  die  quinto  mensis 
Jnnii  vos  in  sancte  Romane  ecclesie  Cardinales  elegit. 

The  letter  is  dated  as  follows : — 

"  Datum  Rome  quinto  mensis  Jnnii  iiije  Indictionis,"  i.e.  1411. 

EDWARD  PEACOCK,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  laid  before  the  Society  the 
following  communications  on  The  Will  of  Henry  Whitgift,  and 
on  a  letter  of  Thomas  Windebank,  respectively : — 

"  Through  the  courtesy  of  the  Right  Reverend  the  Lord 
Bishop  of  Lincoln,  I  am  enabled  to  exhibit  before  the  Society 
of  Antiquaries  a  copy  of  the  will  of  Henry  Whitgift,  father  of 
John  Whitgift,  sometime  Archbishop  of  Canterbury.  The 
original  from  which  my  transcript  is  made,  is  itself  a  copy, 
but  one  evidently  made  very  soon  after  the  probate  of  the  will. 
It  was  discovered  by  me  among  some  other  papers  of  the  middle 
of  the  sixteenth  century,  which  have  been  handed  down  in  the 
custody  of  successive  bishops  of  Lincoln. 

"  Of  Archbishop  Whitgift's  family  nothing  seems  known  ex- 
cept the  facts  that  were  collected  by  Strype,  and  which  are  to 
be  found  in  the  first  chapter  of  his  Life  and  Acts  of  John 
Whitgift,  D.D. 

"  The  archbishop's  father  was  a  Yorkshireman.  His  name 
was  John,  and  he  had  two  sons,  Henry,  the  father  of  the  arch- 
bishop, and  Robert,  who  became  a  monk,  and  was  the  last  abbot 
of  the  black  canons  of  Wellow,  near  Grimsby.  The  date  of  his 
death  is  unknown,  but  he  was  evidently  alive  when  his  brother 
Henry  made  his  will. 

"  Saint   James's  church,  where  Henry  Whitgift  desired   to 


Doc.   12.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  377 

be  buried  '  be  sydes  mye  mother  at  the  fount,'  is  the  present 
parish  church  of  the  borough,  a  large  and  interesting  structure, 
once  rich  with  monumental  sculpture  and  heraldic  glass,  but 
now  sadly  shorn  of  its  ancient  glories. 

In  the  name  of  gode  so  be  it  the  ixth  daye  of  yc  monethe  of  June  in  the  yer  of 
our  lorde  god  M1  cccccth  and  fyftye  I  herr'  Whetgif  te  of  Grymesbye  Alderman 
beyng  of  hoole  mynde  and  goode  remembrance  ordenyth  &  makes  my  Testa- 
ment &  laste  Will  in  manner  &  forme  folouing.  firste  I  commende  mye 
Soule  to  gode  Allmyghti  yt  is  to  wit  vn  to  ye  mercye  of  ye  father  the  merites  of 
his  [*]  greate  passion  and  vn  to  yc  comfort  of  yc  holye  goste  wich  ar  three 
persons  but  on  gode,  and  mye  bodye  to  be  buriede  within  my  parich  church  of 
saynt  James  be  sydes  mye  mother  at  ye  fount.  Item  I  be  quyeth  vn  to  ye  pore- 
mans  chiste  of  saynt  James  iijs  iiijd.  Item  I  be  quyeth  vn  to  yc  altar  with  in 
the  same  church  for  Tythis  for  gotten  xijd.  Item  I  be  quyth  vn  to  Anne  my 
wyffe  xxtj  [f]  in  moneye.  Item  I  be  quyth  vn  to  Alyss  mye  doughter  vj11 
xiijs  iiijd  in  moneye  &  husholde  &  to  be  deliuerede  vn  to  her  at  yc  day  of 
her  mariage  bye  Anne  my  wyffe  &  sche  to  haue  acquetanee  yr  for.  Item  I  be 
quyeth  vn  to  Mergerye  Ive  iij11  vj8  viijd  &  to  be  dcliueryd  vn  to  her  at  ye  tyme 
of  her  mariage  or  Avhan  sche  'is  at  lawfull  age.  Alsoo  I  will  that  after  my  wyffe 
haue  deliueryd  &  taken  forth,  of  yc  hoole  goodes  yc  for  seid  some  of  moneye 
y1  yan  ye  reste  of  all  mye  goodes  both  corne  &  catalles  be  evenlye  devydyt 
emonges  all  mye  sons  y*  is  to  wit  John  Whetgift,  Philipe,  William,  George, 
Richard,  &  Geffraye  Whitgifte  all  mye  seid  sons  and  euerye  one  of  them  to 
be  heir  vn  to  oyer  in  ye  schifte  of  yc  seid  porcons  ;  yt  is  to  knawe,  yf  on  of  yame 
forton  to  depart  or  dye  his  seid  part  to  be  evenlye  dyvydit  emong  all  ye  rest  of 
mye  seid  sons  y*  doth  survyffe  &  so  all  waye  frome  on  to  a  noyer.  Also  I  will 
yt  yf  ye  for  sei(j  Alys  mye  doughter  forton  to  depart  or  sche  be  mariede  yan  I 
will  also  y*  her  seide  part  of  vj!i  xiijs  iiijd  be  evenlye  devydyt,  emonges  mye  for 
seid  sons.  Also  I  will  y*  so  long  as  mye  wyffe  kepith  her  vn  mariede  sche  to 
haue  all  mye  for  seide  goodes  &  catalles  &  all  mye  takes  and  leesses  and  y° 
house  y*  I  purchessyde  during  y°  tyme  y*  sche  kepith  her  soole.  And  yf  sche 
goo  to  marage  yan  I  wyll  yl  mye  Tenement  y*  Xpofer  Atclyffe  dwellyth  in  and 
also  mye  marche  to  be  solde  bye  my  executores  &  mye  wyffe  to  haue  y°  halffe 
part  of  both  y°  seid  house  &  marche  and  ye  oyer  halffe  to  be  evenlye  dyvydit 
emonges  rnye  seid  sons.  Also  I  will  y1  ye  take  of  mye  tythe  &  also  ye  take  of 
mye  closses  in  Wellowgate  &  ye  tenement  callyd  Walkar  house  to  be  solde 
also  bye  mye  executores  and  ye  moneye  yerof  taken  to  be  also  evenlye  divydit 
emonges  mye  for  seid  sons.  Also  I  wyll  y1  so  sone  y1  mye  Wyffe  goyth  vnto 
mariage  y*  yan  all  ye  seide  goodes  and  partes  of  mye  childeren  be  deliueryde 
vn  to  ye  handes  of  mye  broder  Robert  Whitgifte  &  S.  William  Ive  cTarkes, 
&  my  wyffe  &  Robert  porter  to  take  eyer  of  yame  on  of  mye  seide  sons  and 
yeir  partes  with  yame  &  to  set  sewertes  vn  to  mye  seid  broder  S.  Robert 
Whitgift  for  yeir  porcions  &  partes  agayii  vn  to  yame  whan  yai  schall  cum 
vn  to  laufull  age.  Item  I  be  quayth  vn  to  William  Colynwode  mye  Reede 
chamlet  dublett.  Item  I  be  quyeth  vn  to  William  frances  a  gren  selke  dublyt. 
Item  I  be  quyeth  to  John  Brabyn  ar'  a  tanye  wirstede  wirsted  (sic')  dublet. 
Item  I  lie  quyeth  vn  to  John  Whitgifte  o'u'r  &  be  sydes  his  for  seide  portion 
mye  beste  gown  &  mye  beste  dublyt  of  tafyte.  The  resydewe  of  all  mye 
goodes  not  wil  I  gyff  and  be  quayth  vn  to  Robert  Whitgift  my  broder  &  to 
Anne  mye  wyffe  whome  I  make  executores  of  this  mye  Testament  &  laste 
wyll  &  mye  seid  Broder  to  haue  mye  horse  for  his  labor,  and  yai  to  paye  my 
dettes  and  legaces  &  to  order  this  mye  mye  (sic)  Testament  &  last  wyll  as 
yai  schall  think  most  profytable  of  all  mye  for  seid  childeren.  Thoos  Wituesse 
Robert  lawrence  clarke,  Robert  porter,  John  Brabyn,  William  ffrances  with 


*  The  word  son's  seems  wanting  here. 

f  A  blank  has  been  left  here  by   the   transcriber— pounds  is  probably  the 
missing  word. 


378  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1872, 

"  I  found  the  following  letter  some  years  ago  while  searching 
among  the  uncalendared  State  Papers  in  the  Public  Record 
Office.  As  it  was  written  by  a  person  concerning  whom  there 
is  much  uncertainty  it  may  be  of  interest  to  some  of  the  Fellows 
of  our  Society. 

"  Sir  Francis  Windebank,  Knight,  eldest  son  of  Sir  Thomas 
Windebank,  Knight,  of  Haines  Hall,  in  the  parish  of  Hurst, 
Berkshire,  was2  through  the  influence  of  Archbishop  Laud, 
made  Secretary  of  State,  in  the  place  of  Sir  Dudley  Carleton, 
Viscount  Dorchester,  deceased.  He  took  the  oaths  of  office 
15  June  1632.*  Dreading  impeachment  by  the  Long  Parlia- 
ment he  fled  abroad  and  died  in  Paris  in  September  1B46.  I 
have  not  been  able  to  find  any  pedigree  of  the  family,  and 
therefore  do  not  know  whom  he  married. 

"  Wood  says  his  eldest  son  was  Sir  Thomas,  but  does  not  state 
whether  he  was  a  Knight  or  a  Baronet.  In  Courthope's. 
Synopsis  of  the  Extinct  Baronetage, f  it  is  stated  that  on  the 
25th  November,  1645,  Thomas  Windebank,  of  Haines,  co. 
Wilts,  was  created  a  Baronet.  The  author  points  out  the  con- 
fusion by  stating  that  '  Haines  Hill  is  in  the  parish  of  Hurst, 
co.  Berks,  and  was  the  seat  of  Sir  Francis  Windebank,  Secre- 
tary of  State  to  King  Charles  I.'  It  seems  that  no  further 
trace  of  him  or  his  descendants  has  been  come  upon  until  the 
year  1719,  i  when  a  Sir  Francis  Windebank,  Baronet,  died, 
leaving  everything  to  his  widow  Elizabeth.' 

"  This  Thomas  or  Sir  Thomas  Windebank  is  almost  certainly 
the  c  Thomas  Windebank,  esq.'  who  represented  Wootton  Basset 
in  the  Parliament  of  13th  of  April,  1640,J  and  who  on  the  25th 
May,  four  years  after,  wrote  from  Exeter  the  following  letter  to 
Mr.  Robert  Reade  at  Oxford.  A  document  which,  as  it  still 
exists  among  the  State  Papers,  probably  never  reached  its 
destination,  but  fell  on  its  journey  into  the  hands  of  some  servant 
of  the  Parliament. 

"  That  Thomas  Windebank  was  reputed  to  be  a  Knight  or 
Baronet  we  have  other  positive  evidence  beside  that  of  Anthony 
Wood.  In  or  about  December,  1660,  Sidney  Bere  stated  that 
he  held  a  patent  for  the  reversion  of  the  clerkship  of  the  signet, 
and  requests  '  that  if  Sir  Thomas  Windebank  and  Robert  Read, 
the  present  reversioners,  now  Romanish  and  beyond  seas,  do 
not  return  and  take  the  oathes  of  supremacy  and  allegiance  .  .  . 
he  may  be  admitted  to  the  office. '§ 

"  The  brother  Francis,  who  was  reported  to  have  quitted  the 
regiment,  is  the  unhappy  governor  of  Blechingdon  House, 

*  Wood.     Fasti  Oxon.    43-44  Eliz.  f  P-  216. 

t  Rushworth,  vol.  ii.  pt.  ii.  p.  1,112. 
§  Cal.  Stat.  Pap.  1660-1661,  p.  445. 


Dec.   12.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  379 

Oxfordshire,  who  surrendered  his  charge  to  Oliver  Cromwell  on 
the  first  summons,  24  April  1645.*  It  does  not  seem  that  he 
was  a  coward  or  a  traitor,  but  was  6  over-ruled  by  his  fair 
young  bride  and  some  ladies  that  were  come  thither  to  visit. 't 
On  his  return  to  Oxford  he  was  tried  by  court  martial,  and 
according  to  Sir  William  Dugdale  who  was  in  Oxford  at  the 
time  '  shott  to  death  ....  within  the  garden  at  Oxford 
Castle  on  the  3rd  of  May  following.'  Wood  on  the  other  hand 
says  it  was  *  in  Broken  hayes  near  Oxon.'  Heath  tells  us  the 
execution  took  place  'against  Merton  College  wall.'  It  is 
said  the  King  when  he  understood  the  business  felt  deep  regret 
for  this  act  of  stern  justice.  J  My  friend  Colonel  Chester 
informs  me  that  the  burial  register  of  Saint  Mary  Magdalen, 
Oxford,  bears  testimony  that  Colonel  Windebank  was  buried  on 
the  third  of  May,  the  day  of  his  death. 

"  Sir  Francis  Windebank  had  two  other  sons,  John  Windebank, 
M.A.  Oxon.,  created  Doctor  of  Physic  by  virtue  of  the  Chan- 
cellor's Letters,  5  April,  1654,  who  afterwards  practised  at 
G-uildford  in  Surrey, §  and  Christopher  Windebank  of  Magdalen 
College,  Oxford,  who  went  into  Spain,  and  is  said  to  have  been 
reduced  to  poverty  by  marriage. || 

Stat.  Pap.  Dom.  25  May  1644. 
SIE 

Yours  of  the  22  in*,  came  hether  in  good  diligence  ;  and  by  that  to  my  father 
I  perceaue  yon  had  not  then  departed  from  generalls,  but  belieue  that  ere  this 
you  may  have  had  occasion  to  discend  to  particulars,  though  I  doubt  your  cor- 
diall  endeauors  therein  will  not  proue  so  succesfull  as  could  be  wished. 

Mr.  Collimore  hath  scene  the  letter  of  exchange  and  accepted  of  it. 

I  learne  Mr.  Farnshawe  is  sworne  secre.  to  the  Prince  of  Wales,  if  that  be 
you  knowe  who  hath  not  bin  f  airely  dealt  with  ;  if  otherwise,  I  should  be  glad  to 
knowe  it,  that  some  order  might  be  taken  in  it.  I  am  also  told  that  my  bro. 
fran  hath  quitt  the  Regiment,  but  I  hope  he  hath  rather  done  it  for  better 
employment,  than  out  of  ciuility  to  expose  himself e  to  starring  with  his  best 
friends.  I  pray  you  remember  my  true  affections  to  him  and  the  captaine  with 
theire  deere  consorts,  and  let  my  good  sister  in  the  strawe  know  that  I  pray  for 
her,  and  wish  her  much  contentment  with  her  Babe.  I  forgett  not  my  sendee 
to  Doctor  Reade,  Mr.  Holloway,  and  the  rest  of  that  family.  Richard  Phillips 
writt  to  me  that  he  had  returned  £200  to  you  to  Oxford  from  Bristoll,  hopeing  that 
you  might  finde  better  meanes  to  returne  it  from  thence  hether,  than  he  could 
do  from  Bristoll. 

I  am  eternally,  Sir,  your  very  affectionate  cousin  to  serve  you, 

THO.  WINDEBANK. 

Exiter  25  May  1644. 

I  pray  you  bringe  me  halfe  a  dozen  paire  of  white  kids  leather  gloues',  and  as 
many  colored  of  kid,  and  I  will  pay  you  for  them.  The  black  silk  stockings 
must  not  be  forgotten. 

To  my  very  worthy  cousin  Mr.  Robert 
Reade  at  Oxford. 

*  Hamper's  Dug  dale's  Diary. 

f  Heath,  Ckron.  ed.  1676,  p.  74.  %  Ibid.  75. 

§  Wood,  Fasti  Oxon.  5  Apr.  1654. 

||  Clarendon,  vol.  1,  ed.  1843,  p.  733. 


380 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 


[1872, 


"  The  arms  on  the  seal  consist  of  a  chevron  between  three 
birds  volant.  This  shield  is  supported  on  the  breast  of  a  hawk 
or  falcon." 

Mr.  PEACOCK  also  exhibited  a  mediaeval  Arrowhead  or  bolt 
which  was  found  in  Bottesford  (Lincolnshire)  churchyard  about 
two  feet  below  the  surface  of  a  footpath  on  the  north  .side  of 
the  church. 

Mr.  BYLES  of  Boxmoor  Station  exhibited,  through  John 
Evans,  Esq.  F.R.S.  F.S.A.  a  Saxon  Fibula  recently  found  at 
Orwell,  Cambridgeshire.  It  is  of  bronze  or  brass  richly  gilt, 
and  of  the  broad-ended  bowed  form  not  uncommonly  found  in 
the  midland  and  eastern  counties.  The  bowed  part  has  a  central 
and  two  side  ribs,  and  the  flat  parts  are  highly  ornamented  over 
the  whole  surface.  The  triangular  end  has  a  semicircular  pro- 
jection on  each  side,  and  a  circle  at  the  apex  in  which  is  engraved 
a  radiated  full  face.  The  semicircles  are  engraved  with  a 
radiated  border,  but  the  principal  design  consists  of  scroll  work 
and  conical  projections  on  either  side  of  a  flat  central  rib.  The 
rectangular  end  of  the  brooch  is  ornamented  in  a  somewhat 
similar  manner,  but  the  borders  are  decorated  with  a  series  of 
projecting  human  faces,  two  on  each  side  and  four  along  the 
end.  At  each  of  the  extreme  corners  is  a  flat  pear-shaped 
projection. 

The  length  of  the  fibula  is  4J  inches,  and  its  greatest  width 
2  J  inches.  The  pin,  which  was  probably  of  iron,  appears  to  have 
been  very  short,  as  the  distance  from  the  hinge  to  the  hasp  is 
less  than  an  inch.  There  are  two  semicircular  projections  cast 
upon  the  rectangular  part  of  the  brooch  to  form  the  sides  of  the 
hinge,  and  these  have  holes  drilled  through  them  through  which 
the  rivet  passed  to  form  the  pivet  of  the  pin.  The  hasp  has  been 
cast  in  a  separate  piece,  and  appears  to  have  been  soldered  on  to 
the  triangular  part  of  the  brooch.  The  catch  for  the  pin  is 
|  inch  long,  but  is  carried  on  a  plate  2£  inches  long,. expanding 
at  the  end  into  three  points,  somewhat  like  a  heraldic  ermine's 
tail. 

The  character  of  the  fibula  is  somewhat  different  from  that  of 
any  of  those  from  the  same  county  engraved  in  Neville's  '  Saxon 
Obsequies.'  It  is,  however,  of  much  the  same  design  as  one  from 
Fairford  ;*  and  even  more  closely  resembles  one  from  Linton 
Heath,  Cambs.  engraved  by  Akerman.t 

The  Rev.  F.  J.  RAWLINS,  F.S.A.  exhibited,  by  the  kind  per 

*  Fairford  Graves,  pi.  iii.  2.     Akerman's  Pagan  Saxondom,  pi.  vii. 
f  Pagan  Saxondom,  pi.  xxxvii. 


Dec.  12.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  381 

mission  of  Lieut.-Col.  C.  J.  Cox,  of  29,  Waterloo  Crescent, 
Dover,  some  human  bones  and  flint  chips  found  in  a  tumulus 
near  Walmer,  Kent. 

This  tumulus  (Lieut.-Col.  Cox  reports)  is  situated  on  the 
elevated  downs  between  Dover  and  Walmer,  near  St.  Margaret's 
Bay,  and  about  half  a  mile  distant  from  the  tumuli  recently 
opened  by  C.  H.  Woodruff,  Esq.  It  measured  about  24  feet  in 
diameter,  and  2  feet  in  height  at  the  centre.  There  is  no  per- 
ceptible depression  at  the  circumference  to  indicate  that  a  trench 
had  been  dug  for  the  earth  to  construct  the  tumulus. 

Upon  removing  3  inches  of  the  turf  a  layer  of  flint  stones  was 
laid  open.  This  was  found  to  rest  upon  the  solid  chalk,  and  to 
be  5  inches  in  thickness  at  the  circumference  and  18  inches  at 
the  centre.  Near  the  centre  a  circular  cavity  in  the  solid  chalk 
was  discovered,  upon  the  surface  of  which  some  pieces  of  char- 
coal and  burnt  flint  were  met  with.  This  cavity  measured 
2J  feet  in  diameter  and-  3J  feet  in  depth,  and  contained  the 
fragments  of  human  bones  and  flint  chips  exhibited.  At  the 
depth  of  20  inches  were  found  a  portion  of  &  femur  and  tibia; 
and,  a  little  deeper,  portions  of  an  arm — the  ulna  being  fairly 
perfect.  At  the  bottom,  and  resting  upon  the  chalk,  was  found 
a  skull  lying  on  the  frontal  bone,  with  the  face  inclining  west- 
ward. The  thinness  of  this  skull  would  indicate  its'  having  been 
that  of  a  young  person. 

From  the  position  in  which  these  remains  were  discovered  it 
would  appear  that  this  body  had  been  buried  head  downwards 
with  the  limbs  compressed  on  the  abdomen.  No  trace  of  pottery 
or  metal  work  was  detected.  A  heart-shaped  pebble  of  unusual 
weight,  and  a  few  small  marine  shells,  were  the  only  objects 
associated  with  the  bones  and  flint  chips  exhibited. 

Mr.  Rawlins  also  exhibited,  by  permission  of  Mr.  Payne  of 
iSittingbourne,  a  .Roman  Glass  Bottle  which  had  been  found  in 
a  field  known  as  Bex  Hill,  to  the  east  of  the  town  of  Milton 
next  Sittingbourne.  Mr.  Payne  states  that  this  spot  has  yielded 
many  relics  of  great  interest,  the  most  important  being  four 
leaden  coffins  and  four  glass  vessels.  The  coffin  found  with  the 
bottle  exhibited  was  exhumed  on  Nov.  21,  1871,  and  was  entire 
until  the  work  of  excavation  commenced,  when  all  but  the  lid  or 
cover  fell  in  pieces.  In  shape  this  bottle  closely  resembled  one 
which  was  discovered  at  Windsor  in  excavations  superintended 
by  Mr.  Rawdins,  and  which  was  presented  by  Her  Majesty  to 
the  British  Museum.  It  is  described  in  '  Proceedings,'  2d.  S. 
iii.  p.  243.  The  Sittingbourne  bottle,  however,  had  been  ex- 
humed in  a  much  more  perfect  state,  and  had  in  addition  on  the 
front  of  its  cone-shaped  base  a  medallion  in  relief  of  a  head  of 
Medusa.  Such  heads  are  ordinarily  found,  in  Roman  glass,  at 


382  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

the  base  of  the  handle.  The  bottle  was  8  inches  high,'  the  neck 
being  4J  and  the  base  3|.  The  diameter  of  the  bottom  of  the 
bottle  was  also  3f  inches. 

C.  H.  WOODRUFF,  Esq.  communicated  an  account  of  a  remark- 
able discovery  of  Celtic  Kemains  in  East  Kent,  and  exhibited  the 
urns  and  other  objects  discovered.  Such  remains  are  extremely 
rare  in  that  part  of  the  county.  Mr.  Woodruffs  Paper  will  be 
printed  in  the  '  Archaeologia.' 

The  Ballot  closed  at  9'30  p.m.  when  the  Scrutators  reported 
that  Augustus  Wollastoii  Franks,  Esq.  M.A.  F.S.A.  was  unani^ 
mously  elected  Member  of  Council  and  Director,  in  the  room 
of  C.  S,  Perceval,  Esq.  LL.D.  resigned. 

Thanks  were  voted  to  the  Scrutators  for  their  trouble,  and  to 
the  authors  of  the  various  communications. 


Thursday,  January  9th,  1873. 

J.  WINTER  JONES,  ESQ.,  V.P.,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  :— 

From  the  Numismatic  Society  : — The  Numismatic  Chronicle.     Vol.  12,  New 

Series,  No.  XL VII.     8vo.    London,  1872. 
From  the  Royal  Archaeological  Institute  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  : — The 

Archaeological  Journal.    Vol.  XXIX.,  No.  114.     8vo.    London,  1872. 

From  J.  R.  Appleton,  Esq.  F.S.A.  :— 

1.  The  Visitor's  Guide  to  Ripon,  Studley,  and  Fountains  Abbey.     8vo. 
Ripon,  1861. 

2.  Cuzner's   Hand-Book  to  Froome-Selwood.      With  Illustrations.     8vo. 
Froome-Selwood. 

From  the  Sussex  Archaeological  Society  : — Sussex  Archaeological  Collections. 

Vols.  23  and  24.     8vo.    Lewes,  1871-72. 
From    the    Literary  and    Philosophical    Society,    Manchester :— Proceedings. 

Vol.  12,  No.  4.     8vo. 

From  the  Royal  Society  :— Proceedings.  Vol.  XXI.,  No.  139.  8vo.  London.  1872. 
From  the  Council  of  the  Art  Union  of  London  : — Report  for  the  year  1872,  with 

List  of  Members.    8vo/   London,  1872. 

From  the  Author : — Some  Account  of  the  Ancient  Monuments  in  the  Priory 
Church,  Abergavenny.  By  Octavius  Morgan,  Esq.  M.P.  F.R.S.  F.S.A. 
(Printed  for  the  Monmouthshire  and  Caerleon  Antiquarian  Association.) 
8vo.  Newport,  1872. 


Jan.  9.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  383 

From  the  Editor  : — The  Athenaeum.     Two  vols.     4to.   London,  1872. 

From  the  Editor,  George  Godwin,  Esq.  F.R.S.  :— The  Builder.  Vol.  30.  Folio. 
London,  1872. 

From  the  Proprietor,  James  S.  Virtue,  Esq.  : — The  Art  Journal.    Eleventh  Vol. 

(New  Series).     4to.     London,  1872. 
From  the  Editor  : — Notes  and  Queries.     Vols.  9  and  10.     (Fourth  Series).     4to. 

London,  1872. 

From  the  Society  of  Arts  : — Their  Journal.     8vo.     London,  1872. 

From  the  Photographic  Society  : — The  Photographic  Journal.     8vo.    London, 

1872. 

From  the  Editor  :— Nature.     4to.     London,  1872. 

From  the  Royal  Institute  of  British  Architects  : — Sessional  Papers,  1872-73. 
No.  3.  4to.  London,  1872. 

From  the  Royal  Historical  and  Archaeological  Association  of  Ireland  : — The 
Journal.  Vol.  2,  Fourth  Series.  July,  No.  11.  8vo.  Dublin,  1872. 

From  the  Kent  Archseological  Society  : — Archseologia  Cantiana.  Vol.  VIII. 
8vo.  London,  1872. 

From  the  Author,  Major  Heales,  F.S.A.  :— 

1.  Cranley  Church  ;  its  Monuments  and  Register-Books.  8vo.  London,  1872. 

2.  Limpsfield  Church.     8vo.     London,  1872.     [Both  reprints  from  the  sixth 
volume  of  the  "Surrey  Archaeological  Society's  Collections."] 

From  the  Editor  : — The  Church  Builder.  No.  45.  January.    8vo.    London,  1873. 

From  the  Royal  Geographical  Society  : — Proceedings.  Vol.  xvi.  Nos.  3  and  4. 
8vo.  London,  1872. 

From  the  Secretary  of  State  for  India  : — Archaeological  Survey  of  India.  Four 
Reports  made  during  the  years  1862-65,  by  Alexander  Cunningham,  C.S.I., 
Major-General  R.E.  Vols.  1  and  2.  8vo.  Simla,  1871. 

John  William  Bone,  Esq.,  was  admitted  a  Fellow. 

Notice  was  given  of  the  Ballot  for  the  election  of  Fellows  on 
Thursday,  January  16th,  and  a  list  was  read  of  the  Candi- 
dates to  be  balloted  for. 

Notice  was  also  given  that  the  President  had  appointed  the 
following  Fellows  to  be  Auditors  of  the  Society's  accounts  for 
the  year  1873:— 

The  Lord  Henniker, 
John  Winter  Jones,  Esq.,  V.P. 
Octavius  Morgan,  Esq.,  M,P. 
Granville  W.  Leveson  Gower,  Esq. 

The  Right  Rev.  Christopher  Wordsworth,  D.D.,  Lord  Bishop 
of  Lincoln,  was  proposed  as  a  Fellow,  and  his  election  being  at 
once  proceeded  with  in  conformity  with  the  Statutes,  ch.  v.  s.  1 
he  was  unanimously  elected  a  Fellow  of  the  Society. 

WILLIAM  ADLAM,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  exhibited  and  presented : 
1 .  A  matrix  of  the  Seal  of  the  House  of  Carmelite  Friars  at 
Oxford.      This  seal   has  been  engraved  and  described  in   the 


384  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

'  Archaeologia  '  vol.  xvm.  p.  438.  The  impression  then-  exhibited 
(1815)  is  still  in  the  Society's  collection  and  differs  in  some 
particulars  from  the  matrix  presented  by  Mr.  Adlam. 

2.  A  Bottle  of  white  glass,  procured  by  Mr.  Adlam  at  Con- 
stance, with  three  necks  or  channels  curved  and  interwined, 
leading  to  one  common  orifice. 

A.  W.  FRANKS,  Esq.,  Director,  exhibited  and  presented  14 
casts  of  ivories,  which  may  be  described  as  follows : — • 

1 — 4.  Back  and  front  and  two  ends  of  an  ivory  casket  of  the 
11  th  century,  representing,  in  twelve  compartments,  the  twelve 
Apostles.  Each  compartment  surmounted  by  a  lunette  contain- 
ing a  sign  of  the  zodiac.  From  the  cathedral  at  Bamberg ; 
three  in  the  National  Museum  at  Munich,  and  one  at  Berlin. 
Length  of  casket  9£  inches,  height  4|  inches,  width  4  inches. 

5.  Plaque.     Our  Lord  in  the   centre  between  two  candles, 
on  either  side  of  the  candles  two  of  the  Evangelistic  symbols,  and 
on  the  side  of  these  again  the  twelve  Apostles,  six  on  each  side. 
Height  4J  inches,  width  12  inches.    National  Museum,  Munich 

6.  Plaque.     Figure  of  a  Saint  nimbed  and  vested,  holding  a 
cross  ;  the  Evangelistic  symbols  at  the  four  corners.     Height 
5  inches,  width  2£  inches.     Formerly  at  Kinsheim  monastery, 
near  Augsburg,  now  at  Munich. 

7.  Plaque.     Adoration  of  the  Magi,  14th  century.     Height  4 
inches,  width  3  inches.     National  Museum,  Munich. 

8.  Plaque.     At  the  top,  the  Crucifixion  ;  at  the  bottom,  the 
Maries  at  the  Tomb.     Carlovingian  work.     Height  8£  inches, 
width  4  inches.     National  Museum,  Munich. 

9.  Plaque.     The  Nativity,  12th  century.     Height  3}  inches, 
width  5J  inches.     Munich. 

10.-11.  Two  leaves  of  a  Diptych.  Circa  1500.  Height '5 J 
inches,  width  2£  inches.  Munich. 

12.  Mirror  case.  Judgment  of  Paris.    Circa  1500.    Diameter 
3§  inches.     Munich. 

13.  Ditto.      Two    figures   playing    at    Chess.      Circa    1300. 
Diameter  4  inches.     Munich. 

14.  Plaque.     Emblem  of  St.  Luke  holding  a  book.     Square, 
If  inch. 

Mr.  HENRY  ErtoY,  of  Ashburton,  Devon,  exhibited  through 
J.  Winter  Jones,  Esq.  Y.P.  two  Vases — one  of  them  a  fragment 
— which  had  been  .round  along  with  others  in  the  chancel  wall 
of  St.  Andrew's  church,  Ashburton,  some  years  ago.  The  cir- 
cumstances of  the  discovery  are  communicated  in  the  following 
letter  to  Mr.  Winter  Jones  from  Charles  Worthy,  Esq. : — 


Jan.  9.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  385 

"Dear  Sir,  «  The  Vicarage, 

"  Ashburton,  Devon,  6th  Dec.  1872, 

"  The  inclosed  sketch  represents  an  earthen  vessel  found  in 
the  chancel  wall  of  St.  Andrew's  Church,  Ashburton,  (of  which 
my  father  is  the  present  Incumbent,)  whilst  the  chancel  was  un- 
dergoing restoration.  Leland  says  that  Ashburton  church  was 
founded  by  '  Ethel  ward  fil'  Gulmi  de  Pomeroy,'  who  lived  about 
A.D.  1137.  In  1186  Bishop  John  the  Chaunter,  the  then  Bishop 
of  Exeter,  appropriated  to  his  Chapter  the  Church  of  Ashburton. 
In  1314  (3rd  April)  Bishop  Stapledon  visited  the  church 
'  which  he  found  in  a  dilapidated  condition,  especially  the  north 
aisle?  which  was  ruinous.  He  ordered  the  church  to  be  repaired 
and  the  north  aisle  to  be  rebuilt,  and  a  vestry  to  be  constructed 
on  the  north  side  of  the  chancel.'  No  trace  of  this  vestry  remains. 
The  architecture  of  the  greatest  part  of  the  present  building 
appears  to  date  from  the  commencement  of  the  fifteenth  cen- 
tury, with  the  exception  of  the  north  entrance,  apparently  of  the 
transition  to  semi-Norman  period,  and  the  window  of  a  small 
chapel  immediately  behind  the  altar  (now  used  as  a  vestry)  which  is 
early-English.  The  east  wall  separating  the  chancel  from  this 
chapel  is  about  3J  feet  thick.  The  whole  chancel  is  said  to  be 
of  an  earlier  date  than  the  rest  of  the  edifice,  but  it  was  so 
thoroughly  transformed  before  I  first  saw  it,  by  the  introduction 
of  new  windows  and  the  blocking  up  of  the  ancient  doorway, 
that  I  am  not  prepared  to  vouch  for  this  assertion  at  present. 
Between  1836  and  1840  the  alterations  to  which  I  have  alluded 
were  made  by  the  late  vicar,  and  it  was  then  that  the  workmen 
found  the  original  of  the  inclosed  sketch,  with  some  nine  or  ten 
others,  lying  in  what  one  of  them  describes  to  me  as  '  holes  like 
those  left  by  masons  for  the  reception  of  their  scaffold  poles.' 
They  were  not  regularly  piled  one  above  another,  but,  to  use 
my  informant's  own  words,  *  were  scattered  all  over  the  north 
and  south  walls  of  the  chancel  on  their  interior  sides.'  The 
only  ornament  is  a  zig-zag  line  over  a  very  faint  white  mark, 
no  other  indentation  or  moulding  whatever.  I  may  add,  that 
the  vessels  were  all  empty  and  unsealed,  but  had  a  small  piece 
of  slate  placed  in  front  of  their  mouths  ;  they  are  of  the  roughest 
description,  of  common  red  clay  like  a  flower  pot  in  appearance 
and  quality,  and  were  firmly  fixed  in  the  recesses  with  mortar. 

There  are  the  remains  of  old  camps  in  the  neighbourhood,  viz. 
at  Holm  Chace  3  miles,  Druid  (Borowood)  1^  miles,  Ashburton 
Down  1 J  mile  ;  Hembury  Fort,  Buckfastleigh,  also  is  only  about 
3  miles  distant. 

u  Yours  &c. 

"  CHAS.  WORTHY, 

"  Late  82nd  Ilegt," 

VOL.  V.  2  C 


386 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 


[1873, 


The  vessel  described  by  Mr.  Worthy  is  figured  iir  the  an- 
nexed woodcut. 

But  for  the  circumstance 
mentioned  by  Mr.  Worthy,  that 
a  piece  of  slate  was  placed  in 
front  of  their  mouths,  it  might 
be  conjectured  that  these  vessels 
had  been  designed  to  serve  the 
purpose  of  those  acoustic  vases 
to  which  attention  has  hot  un- 
frequently  been  called  in  this 
and  other  countries,  "and,  of 
which  a  succinct  account  is  given 
in  the  <  Norfolk  Archaeology,' 
vol.  vii.  p.  93,  by  the  Rev.  G. 
W.  W.Minns.  See  also,  f  Archae- 
ological Journal,'  vol.  xii.  p. 
276. 

W.  P.  RUSSELL,  Esq.  exhi- 
bited a  silver-gilt  finger  Ring 
set  with  an  intaglio  in  nicolo, 
representing  a  griffin  ;  stated  to 
have  been  found  in  Fleet  Street, 
London.  Unfortunately  a  por- 
tion of  the  original  surface  has 
flaked  off,  which  mars  the  design. 
The  date  of  this  object  is  some- 
EARTHEN  VESSEL  PROM  ASHBURTON  what  uncertain,  but  seems  to  be 
CHURCH,  DEVON.  of  the  Middle  Ages  rather  than 

of  the  Roman  period. 

Dr.  JAMES  KENDRICK,  of  Warrington,  exhibited  a  ewer  of 
bronze,  in  the  shape  of  a  knight  on  horseback,  of  the  fourteenth 
century.  This  ewer  has  been  figured  and  described,. along  with 
others,  in  the  6  Journal  of  the  British  Archasological  Association,' 
vol.  xiii.  p.  130.  See  also  '  Archaeological  Journal,' vol.  xv. 
p.  280,  xvi.  p.  103  ;  Wilson's  '  Prehistoric  Annals  of  Scotland,' 
p.  556  ;  '  Catalogue  of  Antiquities  in  the  Museum  of  the  Institute 
at  Edinburgh,'  p.  67  ;  *  Archaeologia  JEliana,'  vol.  iv.  p.  76 ; 
W.  B.  Scott's  *  Antiquarian  Gleanings  in  the  North  of  England,' 
plate  xii. ;  Labarte's  i  Handbook  of  the  Arts  of  the  Middle  Ages,' 
p.  396. 

R.  H.  MAJOR,  Esq.  F.S.A.  communicated  a  paper  on  Sup- 
plementary Facts  in  the  History  of  the  Discovery  of  Australia. 


Jan.  16.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  387 

In  1861  Mr.  Major  had  made  known  a  reputed  discovery  of 
Australia  by  the  Portuguese  cosmographer  Manuel  Godinho  de 
Eredia,  in  1601,  a  date  which  preceded  by  five  years  the  earliest 
known  discovery  of  that  country,  and  which  transferred  the 
honours  from  Holland  to  Portugal.  Mr.  Major  had  since  been 
made  acquainted  with  the  original  Autograph  Report  to  King 
Philip  the  Third  of  Eredia's  discovery,  which  had  been  found  at 
the  Burgundian  library  at  Brussels,  and  the  object  of  the  paper 
laid  before  the  Society  this  evening  was  to  show  that  what  was 
looked  to  as  a  perfect  confirmation  of  the  1601  discovery  proved 
it,  on  the  contrary,  to  have  been  an  imposture,  concocted  by 
Eredia  and  his  accomplices.  This  paper  will  be  printed  in  the 
*  Archa3ologia.' 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  communica- 
tions. 


Thursday,  January  16th,  1873. 
J.  WINTER  JONES,  ESQ.  V.P.  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  A.  W.  Franks,  Esq.  M.A.  Dir.  S.A.  : — Die  Romischer  Steindenkmaler, 
Inschriften  mid  Gefass-Stempel  im  Maximilians-Museum  zu  Augsburg, 
beschrieben  von  M.  Mezger.  Svo.  Augsburg,  1862. 

From  the  Author  : — Traditions  and  Customs  of  Cathedrals.  By  Mackenzie 
E.  C.  Walcott,  B.D.,  F.S.A.  8vo.  -  London,  1872. 

From  the  NeAvbury  District  Field  Club  :  — Transactions.  1870-71.  8vo: 
Newbury,  1871. 

From  the  Author  :— An  Historical  Sketch  of  the  Ancient  Manor  of  South 
Winfield,  Derbyshire,  with  Notices  of  its  possessors  from  the  earliest  times. 
By  Joseph  TSaiiow  Robinson.  Svo.  Derby. 

From  the  Royal  Society  : — Proceedings.     Vol.  XXI.,  No.  140.     8vo.     London, 

1872. 

The  following  gentlemen  were  admitted  Fellows  : — 
Henry  James  Morehouse,  Esq. 
Frederick  Edward  Hulme,  Esq. 

The  following  correspondence,  relating  to  Wimbledon  camp 
and  the  Survey  of  Wiltshire,  respectively,  was  laid  before  the 
meeting. 

"  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London, 

"  Somerset  House,  December  6,  1872. 
"  MY  DEAR  SlR, 

"The  President  and  Council  of  this  Society  having  observed 

2  c  2      • 


388  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

that  the  question  of  the  preservation  of  the  so-called  *  Caesar 
Camp'  at  Wimbledon  is  now  before  the  Corporation'  of  the 
City  of  London,  have  instructed  me  to  request  you  will  convey 
to  that  body  the  expression  of  their  conviction  that  the  idea  of 
purchase  of  the  camp  by  the  Corporation — which  they  rejoice  to 
find  has  been  mooted — would  arrest  a  crying  evil,  and  add  one 
more  to  the  many  benefits  which  the  public  spirit  and  munifi- 
cence of  that  great  corporation  has  so  often  conferred  upon  the 
inhabitants  of  the  metropolis. 

u  In  the  present  case  the  benefit  would  be  conferred  not  only 
on  London,  but  on  the  country  at  large,  for  all  Englishmen 
must  be  interested  in  rescuing  from  destruction  a  site  which,  on 
so  many  grounds,  is  bound  up  with  the  earliest  history  of  their 
country. 

"  This  Society  was  among  the  first  in  the  field  to  try  and 
effect  the  object  in  which  the  President  and  Council  now  invite 
the  active  aid  of  the  Corporation  of  the  City  of  London .  Early 
in  the  year  1871,  when  tidings  of  these  building  projects  first 
reached  the  Society,  letters  were  sent  to  the  parties  principally 
concerned,  couched  in  terms  of  the  most  earnest  remonstrance. 
The  answers  received  on  this  occasion  were  not  encouraging,  but 
the  President  and  Council  now  venture  to  hope  that  the  action 
of  the  Corporation  of  the  City  of  London  may  overcome  the 
financial  difficulty  which  they  believe  to  be  the  real  obstacle  in 
the  way  of  the  end  they  had  in  view. 

"  I  have  to  request  that  you  will  take  the  earliest  opportunity 
of  laying  this  letter  before  the  Corporation. 

"  I  beg  to  remain,  faithfully  yours, 

-  "  C.  KNIGHT  WATSON,  Secretary. 

"  F.  Woodthorpe,  Esq.  Town  Clerk." 

"  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London, 

"  Somerset  House,  December  6,  1872. 

"  GENTLEMEN, 

"  I  am  instructed  by  the  President  and  Council  of  the  Society 
of  Antiquaries  of  London  to  express  to  you  the  warm  interest 
taken  by  them  in  the  preservation  of  the  so-called  '  Caesar's 
Camp'  at  Wimbledon,  and  their  earnest  hope  that  it  may  be  in 
your  power  to  effect  that  object.  The  history  and  origin  of  this 
most  interesting  site  are  involved  in  considerable  obscurity,  and 
have  given  rise  to  a  great  deal  of  discussion.  But  this  very 
circumstance  does  but  increase  a  hundredfold  the  interest  which 
attaches  to  it,  and  the  regret  which  all  men  of  culture  must  feel 
at  the  prospect  of  its  destruction.  Not  less  obvious  is  the  vast 
importance  of  keeping  the  ground  open  as  a  source  of  health 
and  recreation  for  the  public. 

"  The  President  and  Council  think  it  due  to  themselves  to 


Jan.  16.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  389 

add  that  they  have  not  been  backward  in  endeavouring  to 
preserve  this  camp  from  the  projects  of  building  speculators.  As 
far  back  as  March  1871,  when  the  first  intimation  of  any  such 
projects  reached  the  Society,  the  most  pressing  remonstrances 
were  sent  to  Mr.  Drax  and  to  Mr.  Dixon.  The  former  of  those 
gentlemen  did  not  favour  the  Society  with  a  reply ;  the  latter 
sent  an  answer  which  left  us  little  hope  that  the  project  would 
readily  be  abandoned. 

66 1  have  only  to  request  in  conclusion  on  behalf  of  the  Presi- 
dent and  Council  that  you  will  take  an  early  opportunity  of 
laying  this  letter  before  the  Board. 

"  I  remain,  your  obedient  Servant, 

"  C.  KNIGHT  WATSON, 

"  Secretary  S.A. 

"  The  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Conservators 
of  Wimbledon  Common." 

"  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London, 

"  Somerset  House,  November  27,  1872. 

"  SIR, 

"  At  a  meeting  of  the  Council  of  this  Society,  held  yesterday 
afternoon,  Earl  Stanhope,  President,  in  the  Chair,  attention 
was  called  to  the  great  importance  of  securing  without  delay  a 
survey  of  Wiltshire,  and  especially  of  Stonehenge,  to  the  scale 
of  -rfsVo,  for  the  purpose  of  preserving  a  record  of  it  in  its  pre- 
sent state  before  the  plough  has  carried  any  further  its  work  of 
destruction  in  effacing  interesting  remains  of  antiquity. 

"As  such  a  survey  would  form  part  of  the  survey  of  the 
kingdom,  no  additional  expense  would  be  incurred  by  doing  it 
at  once. 

"  I  was  instructed  to  add  that  the  President  and  Council  have 
received   urgent   representations    to   this    effect  from   Sir  John 
Lubbock,  Bart.  M.P.,  F.S.  A.,  Mr.  John  Evans,  F.E.S.  and  others 
"I  remain,  your  obedient  Servant, 

"  C.  KNIGHT  WATSON, 

"  Secretary  S.A. 
«  Rt.  Hon.  A.  S.  Ayrton,  M.P. 

"  First  Commissioner  of  Works,  &c." 

«  H.M.  Office  of  Works,  &c.  S.W. 
"  10th  Dec.  1872. 

"  SIR, 

"  I  am  directed  by  the  First  Commissioner  of  Her  Majesty's 
Works,  &c.,  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the 
27th  ultimo,  and,  in  reply,  I  am  to  acquaint  you,  for  the  infor- 
mation of  the  Council  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  that  the 
survey  of  the  county  of  Wilts  could  not  be  undertaken  at  pre- 
sent without  disturbing  the  arrangements  made  for  the  general 
survey  of  the  United  Kingdom. 


390  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

"  I  am,  however,  to  state  that  it  will  be  possible  during  the 
course  of  next  year  to  survey  the  few  parishes  in  Wiltshire 
which  include  Stonehenge  and  the  most  interesting  objects 
connected  with  it,  and  the  First  Commissioner  has  accordingly 
given  directions  to  the  Survey  Department  for  this  to  be  done, 
which  he  trusts  will  meet  the  requirements  of  the  Council.  . 
"  I  am,  Sir,  your  obedient  Servant, 

"  R.  CALLANDER, 

"  Assistant- Secretary. 
"  C.  K.  Watson,  Esq. 
"  Secretary  to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries, 
"  Somerset  House." 

This  being  an  evening  appointed  for  the  election  of  Fellows, 
no  papers  were  read,  but  an  exhibition  of  Bronze  Weapons  and 
Implements  was  opened,  to  which  the  following  were  the  con- 
tributors : — 

Bath  Eoyal  Literary  and  Scientific  Institute. 

Bodmin  Museum. 

Royal  Institute  of  Cornwall. 

Royal  Irish  Academy. 

Shrewsbury  Museum. 

Suffolk  Institute  of  Archaeology. 

Sussex  Archaeological  Society. 

Swansea  Museum. 

Warrington  Free  Museum. 

Rev.  Thomas  Bacon. 

Rev.  E.  L.  Barnwell. 

W.  Beamont,  Esq. 

Rev.  James  Beck,  Local  Secretary  for  Sussex. 

J.  R.  Blagden,  Esq. 

Captain  Bloomfield. 

M.  H.  Bloxam,  Esq.  F.S.A. 

Major  Bunny. 

T.  Q.  Couch,  Esq.  F.SA. 

Robert  Day,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary  for  Ireland. 

John  Dixon,  Esq. 

John  Evans,  Esq.  F.R.  S.  F.  S. A.  Local  Secretary  for  Herts. 

J.  W.  Flower,  Esq.  F.G.S. 

C.  D.  Fortnum,  Esq.  F.S.A. 

James  Foster,  Esq.  F.S.A. 

Col.  A.  H.  Lane  Fox,  V.P. 

Augustus  W.  Franks,  Esq.  Director. 

Rev.  W.  Greenwell,  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary  for  Durham. 

John  Henderson,  Esq.  F.S.A. 

Sir  Alexander  Acland  Hood,  Bart. 

Rev.  Thomas  Hugo,  F.S.A. 

Dr.  James  Kendrick. 


Jan.  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  391 

Eev.  John  Knowles,. F.S.A. 

Thomas  Lay  ton,  Esq.  F.S.A. 

John  Lunn,  Esq. 

Silas  Palmer,  Esq.  M.D.  F.S.A. 

Earl  Powis. 

T.  J.  Provis,  Esq. 

Lord  Ravensworth. 

J.  J.  Rogers,  Esq. 

J.  A.  Rolls,  Esq.  F.S.A. 

George  Roots,  Esq.  F.S.A. 

Rev.  W.  Sparrow  Simpson,  F.S.A. 

W.  J.  Bernliard  Smith,  Esq. 

Lord  Talbot  de  Malahide,  F.S.A. 

John  Thurnam,  Esq.  M.D.  F.S.A. 

Ven.  Archdeacon  Trollope,   F.S.A.   Local  Secretary  for 

Lincolnshire. 

Charles  Tucker,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary  for  Devon. 
Hodder  M.  Westropp,  Esq. 
Ralph  Westrop,  Esq. 

Samuel  Wood,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary  for  Salop. 
W.  W.  E.  Wynne,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary  for  Wales. 

The  Ballot  opened  at  a  quarter  to  nine,  and  ended  at  half- past 
nine,  when  the  following  Candidates  were  declared  to  be  duly 
elected. 

Rev.  Henry  Thomas  Armfield. 

Willett  Lawrence  Adye,  Esq. 

James  Murray  Foster,  Esq. 

William  Longman,  Esq. 

Col.  George  Hattoii  Colomb. 

Charles  Tyrrell,  Esq. 

John  Parsons  Earwaker,  Esq. 

Francis  Cook,  Esq. 


Thursday,  January  23rd,  1873. 
Colonel  A.  H.  LANE  FO'X,  V.P.,  in  the  Chair, 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  the  Royal  Society  :— Proceedings.     Vol.  21,  No.  140.     8vo.    London,  1872. 

From  the  Royal  Institute  of  British  Architects  : — Sessional  Papers,  1872-73. 
No.  4.     4to.     London,  1873. 

From  the  Author,  R.  C.  A.  Prior,  Esq.  M.D.  :— 

1.  On   the 'Popular  Names    of    British    Plants.      Second    Edition.      8vo. 
London,  1870. 


392  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

2.  Notes  on  Croquet :  and  some  Ancient  Bat  and  Ball  Games  related  to  it. 
870.  London,  1872. 

From  A.  W.  Franks,  Esq.  M.A.  Dir.  S.A.  :—  Fasti  Monastici  JEvi  Saxonici  :  or 
an  Alphabetical  List  of  the  Heads  of  Religious  Houses  in  England  previous 
to  the  Norman  Conquest,  to  which  is  prefixed  a  Chronological  Catalogue  of 
Contemporary  Foundations.  By  Walter  de  Gray  Birch.  8vo.  London,  1872. 

From  the  East  India  Association  :—  Journal.  No.  3.,  Vol.  VI.  8vo.  Lon- 
don, 1872. 

The  Rev.  Joseph  Mercer  Cox,  M.A.  was  admitted  a  Fellow. 

The  Exhibition  of  Bronze  Weapons  and  Implements  remained 
open.  Colonel  A.  H.  Lane-Fox,  V.P  contributed,  in  illustra- 
tion of  the  subject,  a  large  diagram,  prepared  by  himself,  on 
which  were  drawn  full-size  the  types  of  bronze  celts  in  various 
countries,  arranged  in  the  order  of  gradation  of  form  from  the 
simple  flat  celt  to  the  more  complex  socket  celt ;  each  country 
being  placed  in  a  separate  band.* 

John  Evans,  Esq.  F.R.S.  F.S.A.  delivered  the  following 
Address  on  the  "  Bronze  Period." 

We  have  already  had  in  these  rooms  exhibitions  illustrative  of 
the  early  condition  of  this  and  neighbouring  countries,  and  of 
implements  in  use  at  an  earlier  period  than  those  which  are 
now  exhibited.  The  first  of  these  exhibitions  consisted  of  those 
implements  which  are  now  known,  among  both  antiquaries 
and  geologists,  as  palaeolithic, — implements  which  belong  to  a 
time  when  the  earth's  surface  presented  a  somewhat  different 
configuration  from  that  which  at  present  exists ;  and  the  second 
of  neolithic  implements,  belonging  to  the  more  recent  stone 
period,  or  the  surface  stone  period — an  age  which  was  subse- 
quently succeeded  by  the  bronze  period,  which  we  have  illus- 
trated here  this  evening. 

I  must  confess  that  I  feel  some  diffidence  in  having  again  to 
invoke  the  pre-historic  muse,  having  on  two  evenings  already 
given  discourses  on  pre-historic  subjects  to  the  Fellows  of  this 
Society :  and  on  this  occasion  feeling  that  there  are  others  present 
who  are  better  able  than  I  to  give  some  idea  of  the  bronze  period 
and  of  the  implements  then  in  use.  Now,  the  question  of  course 
arises — what  is  it  we  are  to  understand  by  the  Bronze  Period? 
I  think  that  the  division  into  periods  which  has  been  more  or  less 
in  use  amongst  antiquaries  for  a  long  series  of  years,  and  which 
has  in  later  times  been  adopted  mainly  in  consequence  of  the 
influence  of  the  Danish  school  of  archaeologists,  may  now  be 

*  Published  in  a  reduced  form  in  the  Journal  of  the  Royal  United  Service 
Institution,  vol.  xiii.  PI.  32. 


Jan.  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  393 

regarded  as  fairly~established.  There  can  be  no  doubt  whatever 
that,  at  all  events  in  western  Europe,  there  was  a  time  when  the 
sole  implements  in  use  by  the  human  occupants  of  the  country 
were  made  of  flint,  stone,  bone,  and  wood,  and  of  other  readily 
accessible  materials ;  that  those  people  were  unacquainted  with 
the  art  of  grinding  and  sharpening  their  tools,  and  were  asso- 
ciated with  a  different  fauna  from  that  found  in  Europe  at  the 
present  day ;  that  this  paleolithic  period  was  succeeded  after  a 
long  interval  of  years  by  a  period  during  which  the  inhabitants 
of  western  Europe  were  acquainted  with  the  art  of  grinding 
and  polishing  their  implements,  and  were  associated  with  a 
fauna  similar  to  that  which  we  now  find ;  and  that  this  was  in 
turn  succeeded  by  a  time  when  bronze  was  in  use  for  cutting 
implements,  and  when  iron  was  unknown.  That  bronze  was 
succeeded  by  iron,  will  of  course  be  evident ;  but  it  must  not  for 
a  moment  be,  supposed  that  any  of  these  periods,  except  possibly 
the  palaeolithic  period,  is  susceptible  of  any  w^ell  defined  line  of 
demarcation  from  the  others.  There  are  periods  of  over-lapping, 
when  the  one  age  shades  off  into  the  other,  and  in  the  case  of 
both  bronze  and  stone  antiquities  it  is  very  difficult  indeed  to 
assign  to  a  given  specimen  a  definite  date,  or  to  say  that  any 
one  neolithic  implement  was  in  use  at  a  time  when  bronze  was 
absolutely  unknown,  or  to  say  that  one  of  bronze  was  in  use  at 
a  period  when  iron  had  still  to  be  discovered.  Still,  looking  at 
the  general  features  of  the  case,  these  three  periods  may  be  re- 
garded, as  I  have  said  elsewhere,  as  analogous  with  the  three 
principal  colours  in  the  spectrum.  They  succeed  each  other  in 
definite  order,  and,  although  they  intermingle  and  overlap,  yet 
their  succession  is  well  established.  Even  if  we  look  back  at  his- 
torical testimony  we  find  history  also  bears  us  out  in  a  similar 
distribution  of  time  into  these  different  periods.  We  find  among 
the  earliest  historians  notices  of  a  time  when  iron  was  unknown, 
or  at  all  events  was  a  metal  of  extreme  rarity ;  and  also  evidence 
of  bronze  having  remained  in  use  for  a  certain  period  after  iron 
had  become  known,  owing  to  that  feeling  of  reverence  which 
attaches  to  ancient  rites  and  ceremonies.  In  Hesiod  we  have 
that  often  quoted  passage  about  the-inhabitants  of  the  earth  at  a 
certain  time  making  use  of  bronze,  for  they  had  not  the  "  black 
iron ;"  and,  again,  we  have  in  Lucretius  also  another  hackneyed 
quotation  in  which  the  succession  of  the  ages  is  pointed  out, 
and  there  is  the  distinct  remark  made  that  the  use  of  bronze 
preceded  that  of  iron.  In  the  Greek  language  itself  we  find 
traces  of  the  succession  of  the  use  of  iron  to  that  of  bronze,  for 
the  ordinary  name  for  blacksmith,  a  worker  in  iron,  in  Greek  is 
not  as  might  be  supposed  in  any  way  connected  with  the  metal 
itself,  but  is  ^aX/ceu?,  a  worker  in  brass,  and  that  word  remained 


394  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

in  use  after  bronze  had  ceased  to  be  employed  for  cutting  pur- 
poses, and  survived  in  connection  with  the  manufacture  of  iron 
and  steel,  by  whicli  bronze  had  been  superseded.  In  the  same 
way  it  is  related  by  Agatharchides,  as  an  instance  of  the  use  of 
bronze  at  an  early  period,  that  in  some  Egyptian  gold  mines 
the  miners  about  a  century  before  Christ  had  broken  into  an  old 
working,  and  were  struck  to  find  that  those  who  had  preceded 
them  had  made  use  of  bronze  implements,  which  Agatharchides 
explains  was  in  consequence  of  iron  being  at  that  time  un- 
known. 

Again,  in  some  instances  we  find  traces  of  the  transitional 
period,  when  bronze  appears  to  be  going  out  of  use  for  ordinary 
purposes,  and  iron  to  be  coming  in.  We  have  the  well-known 
cemetery  of  Hallstatt,  which  has  been  so  well  described  by  Baron 
von  Sacken,  with  its  thousand  graves,  the  remains  from  which 
are  preserved  in  the  Antiken-Kabinet  at  Vienna.  We  there  find 
swords,  celts,  and  hatchets  in  iron,  which  are  the  very  counter-, 
parts  of  those  we  are  accustomed  to  find  in  bronze,  and  in  this 
cemetery,  up  to  the  present  time,  no  trace  of  any  kind  has  been 
found  of  the  use  of  coins ;  traces  of  silver  are  very  scarce,  and 
there  is  every  reason  to  believe  that,  although,  no  doubt,  the 
cemetery  was  in  use  during  a  considerable  number  of  years,  pro- 
bably some  centuries,  yet  that  the  latest  of  the  graves  discovered 
would  hardly  come  down  to  the  third  or  fourth  century  before  our 
era,  and  that  the  bulk  may  range  back  to  the  fifth,  sixth,  and  seventh 
centuries,  or  to  even  an  earlier  period  before  the  Christian  era. 
In  this  country  we  have  what  may  be  called  another  transitional 
period,  to  which  Mr.  Franks  has  given  the  name  of  the  "  late 
Celtic  "  period,  when  iron  was  known  and  bronze  was  apparently 
just  going  or  gone  out  of  use  for  other  than  defensive  and  orna- 
mental purposes.  The  antiquities  of  that  period  we  are  not  going 
to  discuss  this  evening,  but  1  hope  that  on  some  future  occasion  we 
may  see  a  collection  of  "late  Celtic"  implements  exhibited  in  this 
room,  and  hear  from  Mr.  Franks  some  exposition  of  their  nature 
and  uses,  and  their  relation  to  other  antiquities.  We  must  too 
bear  in  mind  that  bronze  itself  does  not  occur  as  a  native  metal, 
but  is  a  composite  alloy  of  the  two  metals  copper  and  tin,  and  that 
therefore  in  all  probability — we  may  say  almost  demon str ably — 
there  must  have  preceded  the  bronze  age  an  age  in  which  copper 
alone  was  used, — in  which  it  had  not  as  yet  been  discovered 
that  tin  was  so  valuable  an  adjunct,  not  only  in  increasing  its 
fluidity,  but  in  adding  to  its  hardness  and  temper.  In  this 
country,  indeed,  we  have  but  very  slight  traces  of  any  such 
copper  age,  for  even  where  we  find  implements  which  consist 
mainly  of  copper  there  is  usually  a  small  per-centage  of  tin 
present,  which  shows  that  tin  must  have  been  known,  because  it 


Jan.  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  395 

is  very  rarely  the  case  that  any  appreciable  quantity  of  tin  is 
found  in  native  copper  and  copper  ores.  In  North  America, 
however,  there  is  every  evidence  of  a  considerable  period  during 
which  native  copper  was  in  use.  Large  blocks  of  native  copper, 
many  tons  in  weight,  have  been  found,  portions  of  which  have 
been  utilised  by  the  natives  of  the  country  for  many  centuries  for 
the  manufacture  of  their  tools  and  weapons,  which  they  produced, 
not  by  melting  but  by  cold  hammering,  and  by  that  means  forged 
the  ductile  copper  into  various  forms.  The  bronze  itself,  of 
which  the  antiquities  before  us  are  made,  consists,  as  I  said 
before,  principally  of  copper  and  tin  in  somewhat  varying  propor- 
tions ;  it  usually,  however,  ranges  from  about  5  to  15  per  cent, 
of  tin  to  every  100  parts  of  bronze,  the  remaining  85  to  95  parts 
being  of  copper.  The  usual  proportions  are  9  of  copper  to  1  of 
tin.  There  are,  however,  slight  traces  of  other  metals,  and 
occasionally,  in  some  of  the  later  bronze  implements  especially, 
we  find  lead  present  in  considerable  quantities.  T  must  not, 
however,  dwell  this  evening  either  upon  the  general  features 
of  the  bronze  age  or  upon  the  chemical  constituents  of 
bronze. 

With  such  an  exhibition  as  we  have  before  us,  I  think  it  will 
be  more  to  the  purpose  for  me  to  attempt  to  describe  to  you  the 
various  forms  of  implements  manufactured  from  that  metal, 
having  principally  regard  to  the  antiquities  found  in  this  country, 
but  also  making  comparisons  with  the  implements,  from  other 
parts  of  the  world,  and  especially  those  which  are  found  in  the 
adjoining  countries  of  western  Europe.  In  the  ante-room  you 
will  see  a  fine  collection  of  implements  from  the  continent  of 
Europe,  and  also  from  Asia,  on  the  latter  of  which,  at  the  next 
meeting  of  this  Society,  you  will  probably  hear  some  interesting 
remarks  from  Mr.  Franks. 

I  think  that  these  bronze  antiquities  may  be  divided  under 
several  heads,  namely,  those  of  tools  which  were  used  for  various 
domestic  and  constructive  purposes,  weapons  used  either  in  war 
or  in  the  chase,  and  ornaments  for  the  person.  Having  described 
these  various  forms,  and  called  attention  to  their  uses,  I  propose 
to  say  a  few  words  as  to  the  method  by  which  they  were  manu- 
factured, and  then  shortly  to  glance  at  the  sources  whence  the 
metal  from  which  they  were  made  was  derived,  and  conclude  by 
adding  a  very  few  sentences  on  the  chronology  of  the  bronze 
age. 

The  best  known  form  of  tool  we  meet  with  in  bronze  is 
that  which  is  termed  a  celt.  I  use  the  word  "celt  "  in  prefer- 
ence to  "  kelt,"  which  I  find  is  occasionally  used  for  this  pur- 
pose, because  we  must  never  forget  that  the  word  u  celt"  has 
nothing  to  do  with  the  great  Celtic  or  Keltic  people,  but  is 


396  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

simply  an  English  word  derived  from  the  rather  barbarous  Latin 
word  "  celtis,"  a  chisel.  The  derivation  is  simple,  and  it  is  a 
pity  the  word  should  have  been  modified  to  such  an  extent  as  to 
lead  people  to  suppose  that  it  bore  any  other  meaning  than  that 
of  a  simple  tool.  Of  celts  there  are  various  classes.  The  first 
consists  of  what  may  be  called  flat  or  plain  celts.  These,  again, 
merge  into  celts  which  have  slight  projections  on  either  side,  and 
which  may  be  called  flanged  celts.  Then  follow  the  palstaves, 
some  of  which  are  provided  with  a  stop  ridge,  against  which  the 
handle  would  abut.  Some  are  looped  on  one  or  both  sides. 
Next  after  the  palstave  come  the  socket-celts,  or  those  provided 
with  a  socket  for  the  insertion  of  the  handle,  arid  these  also 
usually  have  loops,  though  they  are  occasionally  without  them. 
Besides  these  principal  classes,  there  are  a  number  of  minor 
varieties,  of  which  specimens  are  exhibited.  I  propose  briefly 
to  treat  each  of  these  classes  separately.  Most  of  these  imple- 
ments were  I  think  used  as  hatchets,  though  possibly  some  may 
have  served  as  spuds.  That  they  were  in  use  for  various  cutting 
purposes  is  demonstrated  by  the  fact  that  they  are  frequently 
found  worn  away  at  the  edge  by  sharpening,  and,  as  it  were, 
(i  stumped  up."  They  occur  in  various  forms  all  over  Europe, 
and  some  types  have  been  found  in  America,  and  others  in  cer- 
tain parts  of  Asia. 

Of  the  first  class  of  flat  or  plain  celts,  some  appear  to  have  been 
cast  almost  in  the  same  form  as  are  the  celts  of  polished  stone, 
which,  in  fact,  in  some  cases,  may  have  served  as  the  models  from 
which  these  metal  implements  were  cast.  Others  again  are 
merely  flat  pieces  of  bronze,  usually  provided  with  a  segmental 
edge  at  the  broad  end,  and  wedge-shaped  at  the  narrow  end. 
They  are  apparently  adapted  for  insertion  into  a  club  or  haft  of 
wood  like  the  iron  hatchets  commonly  in  use  among  the  natives 
of  northern  Africa.  In  some  of  them,  at  the  end  of  the  wedge- 
shaped  portion  which  went  into  the  handle,  there  is  a  sort  of 
dovetailed  notch,  which  possibly  was  connected  with  a  pin,  to 
secure  the  blade  to  the  handle  when  mounted.  Another  form 
of  flat  celt,  of  which  some  Irish  specimens  are  exhibited,  presents 
a  different  type,  having  projections  at  the  sides  so  as  to  assume 
almost  a  cruciform  appearance.  These  projections  appear  to 
have  been  intended  to  prevent  the  pointed  part  being  driven  too 
far  into  the  handle.  Many  implements  of  this  class  have  their 
flat  faces  ornamented  by  lines  arranged  in  different  patterns, 
such  as  a  succession  of  compartments  of  a  triangular  form  alter- 
nately striated  and  plain.  This  ornamentation  is  usually  con- 
fined to  the  broad  part  of  the  blade  and  does  not  extend  to  that 
destined  to  be  buried  in  the  handle.  The  patterns  appear  to 
have  been  produced,  generally  speaking,  not  by  engraving,  but 


Jan.  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  397 

by  hammering  with  a  sort  of  punch,  and  the  dexterous  manner 
in  which  that  was  done  is  well  exhibited  by  the  specimens 
before  us.  There  are  ornaments  on  some  Irish  specimens  which 
are  tastefully  designed  and  beautifully  executed.  On  one 
English  specimen  the  whole  surface  is  grained,  as  it  were,  like 
morocco,  with  cross  bands  resembling  plaits  and  looking  like 
blind  tooling  on  a  morocco  binding.  In  Scotland  these  flat 
celts  are  frequently  ornamented  by  hammering.  In  some  the 
whole  surface  is  raised  into  chevron-like  ridges,  and  in  others  a 
punch  with  a  sharp  edge  has  been  used,  and  the  designs  have 
almost  the  appearance  of  having  been  engraved.  The  sides  are 
also  frequently  ornamented,  sometimes  with  leaf-like  patterns, 
and  sometimes  with  raised  bands  like  a  heraldic  torse;  occa- 
sionally also  a  succession  of  flat  lozenges  makes  its  appearance 
on  the  sides.  *  Celts  of  the  flat  kind  have  been  frequently  found 
in  barrows,  both  in  Derbyshire  and  Wiltshire,  and  in  some 
cases  associated  with  daggers.  In  one  instance,  with  a  remark- 
able dagger  to  which  I  shall  subsequently  allude,  there  had  also 
been  buried  a  stone  hammer.  Occasionally  the  flat  celts  are  of 
large  size,  for  there  is  one  from  the  Pentland  Hills  preserved 
in  the  museum  at  Edinburgh,  which  is  13f  inches  long  and 
9  inches  broad.  The  beautiful  instrument  from ,  Egypt  ex- 
hibited by  Mr.  Sparrow  Simpson  belongs  to  this  class,  but 
instead  of  being  inserted  into  the  handle,  the  Egyptian  hatchets 
were  provided  with  projecting  ears  by  which  they  were  tied  to 
it,  in  the  same  way  as  those  now  in  use  in  some  parts  of  South 
America. 

The  next  stage  from  the  flat  celt  is  the  flanged  celt,  in  which 
the  sides  are  expanded,  so  that  the  section  is  to  some  extent  like 
the  letter  H,  with  a  long  cross  bar  and  very  short  limbs.  (See 
a  specimen  from  the  Thames,  PI.  I.  fig.  1.)  The  greatest 
expansion  of  the  flanges  is  usually  towards  the  middle  of  the 
blade,  from  which  it  would  appear  that  these  flanges  were  of 
use,  not  only  as  strengthening  the  blade  and  preventing  it  from 
bending,  but  also  in  maintaining  it  fast  in  the  haft  to  which  it 
was  attached.  It  would  seem  too -that  when  the  flanged  celts 
came  into  use  there  was  a  change  coming  over  the  system  of 
hafting,  and  instead  of  the  blade  being  driven  into  a  club- 
like  handle  it  was  attached  to  a  side  branch  projecting  from  a 
stem  of  wood,  which  was  split  for  the  purpose,  and  in  which  it 
was  tied.  Some  of  the  flanged  blades,  however,  appear  rather 
to  have  been  driven  into  the  club  in  the  same  way  as  plain  celts. 
In  some  there  is  a  kind  of  cross  ridge  about  the  middle  of  the 
blade,  which ,  appears  to  have  been  intended  as  a  species  of 
stop  ridge,  to  prevent  its  being  driven  backwards  into  its  handle. 
The  edge  again  in  this  form  is  very  often  drawn  out  so  as  to 


398  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

assume  a  sort  of  semi-lunar  shape,  which  is  very  rarely  the  case 
with  the  flat  celts. 

The  more  perfect  form  of  these  flanged  celts  is  developed  in 
what  are  now  commonly  known  as  palstaves.  This  name  of 
"  palstaves  "  has  been  derived  from  an  Icelandic  word,  which 
was  formerly  a  term  applied  to  weapons  used  for  battering  the 
shields  of  the  enemy,  but  is  still  used  to  designate  a  sort  of  spud 
now  in  use  in  Iceland,  which  in  its  general  form  closely  re- 
sembles these  bronze  implements.  The  ancient  specimens,  how- 
ever, appear  for  the  most  part  to  have  been  used  as  axes  rather 
than  as  spuds,  and  this  is  not  by  any  means  a  mere  matter  of 
conjecture,  for  in  the  salt-mines  in  the  Salzkammergut  of  Austria 
bronze  palstaves  have  been  found  with  handles  still  attached, 
and  iron  celts  of  this  character  have  also  been  found  in  the 
cemetery  of  Hallstatt  with  the  handles  still  preserved.  In 
palstaves  the  central  part  of  the  side  flanges  usually  projects  to 
a  considerable  extent,  and  at  first  the  flanges  appear  to  have 
been  at  right  angles  to  the  general  blade  of  the  hatchet,  but  it 
was  found  after  a  time  that  there  was  an  advantage  in  hammer- 
ing these  over,  so  as  to  form  two  nearly  semi-circular  sockets, 
one  on  either  side  of  the  central  blade.  In  all  cases  they  were 
originally  cast  with  the  wings  projecting  at  right  angles,  and 
these  were  subsequently  hammered  over  so  as  to  form  the  semi- 
circular sockets,  in  which  the  split  end  of  an  L-shaped  handle 
could  be  inserted.  Palstaves  with  the  sides  hammered  over 
in  this  manner  are  not  however  commonly  found  in  England. 

When  used  as  hatchets,  it  seems  to  have  been  found  by 
experience  that  the  blades  were  liable  to  be  detached  from  their 
handles,  and  in  consequence  some  ingenious  man  conceived  the 
idea  of  casting  a  loop  at  the  side,  through  which  a  cord  might  be 
passed  to  secure  the  blade  to  the  handle,  and  thus  prevent  its 
being  accidentally  detached.  Accordingly  we  find  a  series  of 
these  implements  with  a  loop  at  the  side,  which  are  known  as 
looped  palstaves.  Very  rarely  they  occur  with  two  loops.  Four 
specimens  from  the  British  Islands  are  exhibited  this  evening 
— two  from  Ireland,  one  exhibited  by  Mr.  Hugo  and  the  other  by 
the  Royal  Irish  Academy,  and  two,  from  Cornwall,  by  Mr.  J.  j. 
Rogers.  (PL  I.  fig.  2.)  The  type,  however,  is  more  common 
in  Spain  than  in  this  country.  In  Denmark  a  much  longer  and 
narrower  form  occurs  and  usually  more  ornamented.  In  these  the 
ornaments  extend  not  only  over  a  portion  of  the  faces,  but  usually- 
round  the  middle  of  the  blade  close  to  the  stop-ridge.  In  this 
country  the  ornaments,  such  as  they  are,  are  usually  on  the  faces. 
They  generally  consist  either  of  a  central  rib  or  a  simple  loop  in 
low  relief,  and  occasionally  of  a  few  lines  arranged  in  a  pattern. 
There  are  rarely  any  ornaments  on  the  sides ;  but  there  is  a  very 


PLATE  I. 


To  face  page  398. 


1.     FLANGED  CELT,  THAMES.    Scale 


3.    SOCKETED  CELT,  STOGBRSEY. 
Scale  ;i 


2.    TWO-LOOPED  PALSTAVE  FROM  CORNWALL. 
Scale  £. 


4 .    SOCKETED  CELT  FROM  THE  THAMES  . 
Scale    . 


BRONZE  CELTS,  ENGLAND. 


Jan.  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  399 

beautiful  specimen  from  the  Thames,  exhibited  by  Colonel  Lane 
Fox,  in  which  all  the  angles  are  grained  in  an  artistic  manner. 
The  same  forms  as  we  have  in  England  occur  in  France,  but 
each  country  presents  peculiar  varieties.  There  are  also  peculiar 
forms  which  are  found  in  Germany  and  Denmark.  An  Italian 
type  presents  a  thin  flat  blade  with  a  very  strongly  marked  stop- 
ridge,  and  very  wide  projecting  flanges  at  top. 

It  sometimes,  but  very  rarely,  occurs  that  these  palstaves 
have  the  edge  at  right  angles  to  the  portion  of  the  blade  which 
was  inserted  into  the  handle ;  from  which  it  is  evident  that 
some  of  them  were  used  as  adzes  rather  than  as  axes.  There 
are  specimens  here  of  this  form,  both  from  Ireland  and 
Germany.  Having  arrived  at  this  system  of  having  a  kind  of 
double  socket,  one  on  each  side  of  the  central  blade  into  which 
these  two  portions  of  the  handle  were  inserted,  I  presume  it 
was  discovered,  as  greater  progress  was  made  in  the  art  of  casting, 
that  it  would  be  preferable  instead  of  having  a  split  handle, 
such  as  that  for  the  palstaves,  to  have  one  with  the  solid  pro- 
jection from  the  stem  left.  To  allow  of  this,  some  one  appears  to 
have  conceived  the  idea  of  casting  celts  with  a  socket  in  them, 
into  which  the  handle  could  be  inserted,  and  by  that  means  con- 
verted them  into  implements  of  an  entirely  different  character 
from  that  which  they  had  previously  possessed,  for  the  ordinary 
socketed  celt  was  the  result.  The  loop  was  still  preserved  for 
attachment  to  the  handle.  On  many  socketed  celts  may  be  seen 
traces  of  their  derivation  from  the  earlier  form  with  the  side 
flanges  hammered  over.  Those  who  are  heralds  will  know  what 
in  heraldry  are  called  flanches — a  term  which  has  nothing  to  do 
with  the  word  flange  as  applied  to  a  celt.  They  are  semi-circular 
compartments  on  each  side  of  a  shield,  and  always  of  a  different 
colour  from  the  field.  Those  flanches  on  a  shield  strongly  re- 
semble the  hammered-over  flanges  of  the  palstaves,  and  on  these 
socketed  celts  there  are  frequently  cast  two  semi-circular  lines  in 
low  relief  on  the  face,  which  apparently  preserve  in  a  rudimentary 
form  the  original  side-flanges  of  the  ordinary  palstave,  in  the 
same  way  as  on  some  railway  carriages  of  the  present  day  are 
still  to  be  seen  the  curves  which  were  in  fashion  on  the  old 
mail  coaches. 

With  regard  to  the  method  of  hafting  these  implements  it  is 
not,  as  I  said  before,  a  matter  merely  of  conjecture.  A  specimen 
I  exhibit  is  of  a  different  form  any  of  those  already  mentioned, 
and  belongs  to  a  class  of  itself.  It  has  evidently  been  copied 
from  an  ordinary  palstave  which  wras  attached  to  the  usual  form 
of  handle,  but,  the  founder'  thought  that  it  would  be  desirable 
to  avoid  the  necessity  of  cutting  a  hooked  stick  and  merely  attach 
a  plain  straight  handle  to  the  hatchet.  It  was  therefore  cast 


400  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

with  a  socket  at  one  end,  into  which  such  a  handle  might  be  in- 
serted ;  but  by  way  of  pattern  from  which  to  cast  this  new  form 
of  tool,  a  celt  already  hafted  was  taken  as  a  model,  and  this 
Swiss  specimen  is  in  consequence  the  exact  counterpart  of  a 
bronze  celt  with  its  original  wooden  handle  ;  the  character  of  the 
stick  which  served  as  the  handle  may  be  seen,  with  the  short  off- 
shoot which  was  split  for  the  insertion  of  the  blade;  in  proof 
of  this,  there  runs  round  it  a  spiral  band  representing  the  band 
of  leather  or  sinew  by  which  the  original  blade  was  attached  to 
the  handle.  Socketed  celts  are  occasionally  met  with  having 
two  loops.  Specimens  have  been  found  in  England,  and  moulds 
for  them  have  been  found  near  Salisbury  and  in  Anglesea.  The 
sockets  present  different  shapes,  square,  circular,  oval,  hex- 
agonal, and  octagonal.  The  faces  are  sometimes  ornamented 
with  parallel  or  converging  ribs  (Plate  I.  fig.  3),  sometimes 
ending  in  rings  and  pellets.  Mr.  Layton  exhibits  a  singular 
specimen  ornamented  with  chevrons  of  pellets.  (Plate  I.  fig.  4.) 
Besides  these,  there  are  varieties  notched  at  the  sides,  or  with- 
out loops,  or  ornamented  in  different  manners,  into  the  details 
of  which  I  need  not  enter.  I  may,  however,  mention  that, 
after  the  use  of  these  celts  apparently  had  gone  out,  there  still 
remained  some  sort  of  superstitious  respect  for  them,  inasmuch 
as  in  an  interment  near  York,  very  possibly  belonging  to  the 
late  Celtic  period,  there  was  found  a  diminutive  socketed  celt 
of  not  more  than  an  inch  in  length.  In  France  a  number  of 
celts  have  been  found  so  small  as  to  cause  a'  doubt  whether  they 
could  have  been  in  use  as  tools,  and  they  have  therefore  been 
regarded  as  votive.  I  am  not  sure  that  these  may  not  after 
all  have  served  some  industrial  purpose,  but  that  found  at 
Market  Weighton  can  hardly  by  any  possibility  have  been 
intended  for  a  tool.  The  forms  of  socket-celts  vary  considerably 
in  different  European  countries,  though  the  general  character 
is  preserved.  In  looking  through  a  collection  of  implements 
of  this  class  and  comparing  those  of  one  country  with  those 
of  another,  there  are  differences  perceptible,  almost  sufficient 
for  any  one  of  experience  to  predicate  from  what  country  a 
given  specimen  was  derived. 

Besides  socketed  celts,  there  is  still  another  variety  known  as 
tanged  celts,  which,  instead  of  having  a  socket,  has  a  pro- 
jecting tang  for  insertion  into  the  handle.  These  are  very  rare 
in  England,  but  have  been  found  in  the  Thames  and  elsewhere. 
It  is  a  question  whether  they  may  not  more  properly  be  called 
chisels  than  celts,  though  sometimes  they  appear  rather  better 
adapted  for  use  as  axes  than  as  chisels.  In  one  of  the  barrows  of 
Wiltshire  an  instrument  of  this  kind  was  found  inserted  in  a 
stag's-horn  handle.  In  Ireland  they  are  more  common,  and 


Jan.  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  401 

several  are  exhibited.  Both  straight  and  tanged  narrow  chisels 
have  been  found  in  England,  but  the  socketed  form  is  more 
rare,  though  some  have  been  found  in  Yorkshire  and  at  Romford. 
They  are  more  common  in  Hungary,  and  have  been  found  also 
in  the  Swiss  lakes. 

The  next  form  to  be  noticed  is  that  of  the  hollow  chisel  or 
gouge,  which  is  of  somewhat  rare  occurrence.  It  is  a  marked 
variety  of  tool,  and  cannot  possibly  be  mistaken  for  a  weapon. 
These  are  generally  formed  on  the  socketed  principle  for  the 
insertion  of  a  handle,  but  are  occasionally  tanged.  One  such 
was  found  at  Carltoii  Bode,  in  Norfolk.  They  are  commonly 
associated  with  socketed  celts,  though  occasionally  with  palstaves. 
In  France  they  are  very  rare,  but  a  specimen  from  thence  is  exhi- 
bited by  Mr.  GreenwelL  In  Denmark  and  Germany,  and  other 
foreign  countries,  they  are  of  exceeding  rarity,  if  even  they  exist 
at  all.  ^ 

The  next  tool  I  have  to  mention  is  the  hammer,  which  is  of  a 
very  different  kind  from  the  hammer  now  in  ordinary  use,  inas- 
much as,  instead  of  having  a  hole  through  it,  it  is  socketed  like 
the  gouges  and  celts.  The  form  is  similar  to  that  of  the  celt, 
except  that,  instead  of  having  a  sharp  edge,  it  is  absolutely 
blunt  at  the  end.  Hammers  occur  in  England,  in  France,  and 
more  rarely  in  other  countries.  They  appear  to  me  to  be  of 
rather  a  late  invention,  and  it  is  very  possible  that  in  the  earlier 
portion  of  the  bronze  period  the  hammers  were  simp-ly  of  stone. 
An  instrument*  which  has  been  regarded  as  a  hammer  may 
possibly  have  been  one  of  the  punches  used  for  ornamenting  the 
surfaces  of  the  celts. 

In  addition  to  hammers,  small  anvils  have  been  found.  There 
is  one  described  in  the  catalogue  of  the  Royal  Irish  Academy  by 
Sir  William  Wilde  ;  and  I  have  another,  found  in  France,  with 
a  large  gold  torque  and  a  hammer,  which,  in  its  general  cha- 
racter, though  it  is  much  smaller,  strongly  resembles  our  present 
anvils.  There-  is  a  point  for  insertion  into  a  block  of  wood,  and 
the  upper  surface  is  very  much  battered  by  hammering  on  it. 
In  the  stake  of  the  anvil  are  a  number  of  grooves  or  swages, 
which  were  very  probably  in  use  by  a  goldsmith  of  the  period. 

Axes  with  a  shaft^hole  through  them  are  unknown  in.  Britain, 
though  occurring  in  Germany  and  Denmark,  and  it  is  a  great 
question  whether  they  are  not  rather  to  be  regarded  as  warlike 
implements  than  as  tools. 

Of  knives,  as  we  understand  the  term,  namely,  sharp  flat 
blades,  with  a  blunt  back,  few  have  been  found  in  England.  In 
Denmark  and  Switzerland,  and  other  foreign  countries,  they 
are  much  more  abundant.  Some  are  highly  ornamented,  and 

*  Proceedings,  2d  S.  iii.  p.  66,  fig.  1. 
VOL.  Y.  2   D 


402  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

others  give  evidence  of  great  skill  in  casting.  The  Swiss  knives 
are  for  the  most  part  tanged,  or  else  have  a  loop  or  hole  for  sus- 
pension, and  such  is  usually  the  case  with  the  Danish  knives. 
Double-edged  knives,  with  sockets  for  the  haft,  like  those  in  the 
celts  and  gouges,  have  been  found  in  various  parts  of  England 
and  Ireland.  A  small  broad  form  with  a  tang  somewhat  resembles 
a  class  of  knives  which  is  in  use  at  the  present  day  for  cutting 
leather. 

What  are  called  razors  are  very  frequently  found  among 
Danish  bronze  antiquities.  Some  of  them  are  wonderful  pieces 
of  workmanship,  beautifully  engraved  and  artistically  orna- 
mented. It  is  doubtful  whether  they  do  not  belong  to  a  very 
late  part  of  the  bronze  period.  Of  the  few  razor-like  blades 
which  have  been  found  in  Britain,  I  may  mention  one  found 
in  Berkshire.* 

As  to  saws  or  blades  with  serrated  edges,  I  am  not  aware  of 
any  specimens  having  been  found  in  this  country,  though  they 
occur  abroad.  Of  other  tools  I  may  mention  a  species  of  curved 
knife,  something  like  a  spearhead  turned  round  into  a  semi- 
circular form,  with  a  sharp  cutting  edge  on  each  side,  very 
well  adapted  for  working  hollows  in  wood,  and  of  which  speci- 
mens have  been  found  in  Scotland,  Switzerland,  and  France. 

Files  made  of  bronze,  which  does  not  seem  a  very  good 
material  for  the  purpose,  have  been  found  at  Hallstatt,  where 
also  iron  files  have  been  found  of  precisely  the  same  form, 

A  small  kind  of  awl  has  been  frequently  found  in  England, 
generally  an  inch  or  two  in  length,  square  in  the  middle,  pointed 
at  one  end  and  chisel-like  at  the  other.  These,  in  Denmark  at 
all  events,  are  frequently  associated  with  tweezers,  and  were 
probably  used  in  sewing,  the  hole  being  bored  with  the  awl,  the 
thread  being  passed  through,  possibly  attached  to  a  bristle,  and 
the  tweezers  being  used  for  drawing  it  through. 

The  only  other  instruments  I  need  mention  are  tongs,  and  of 
these  there  is  exhibited  a  curious  pair  found  in  the  Heathery 
Burn  Cave,  and  possibly  used  in  the  process  of  casting. 

We  find  all  over  western  Europe  sickles,  bearing  evidence 
of  the  fact  that  the  people  who  used  bronze  implements  also 
cultivated  corn.  They  are  different  from  the  ordinary,  sickles, 
being  much  smaller,  and  were  probably  used  for  the  purpose  of 
cutting  the  ears  from  the  straw  and  not  for  cutting  the  whole 
plant.  In  England  they  are  usually  found  with  the  blade  pro- 
jecting at  right  angles  from  a  socket,  and  in  Germany  and 
Denmark  they  were  hafted  very  much  in  the  same  way  as 
scythes  are  at  the  present  moment,  or  by  being  bound  on  to 

*  '  Proceedings.'  2d  S.  ii.  p.  301. 


PLATE  II. 


To  face  page  403. 


|  5.    DAGGER-SHAPED  WEAPON 

FEOM  SHROPSHIRE. 
Scale  i 


DAGGER  FROM  THAMES. 
Scale  i 


II 
I! 


SHEATH  FROM 
STOGCRSEY. 
Scale  £. 


9.    SHEATH  FROM 

GUILSFIELD. 

Scale  J. 


BRONZE  WEAPONS,  ENGLAND. 


Jan.  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  403 

the  end  of  a  wooden  handle.  In  Ireland  they  have  been  found 
socketed.  Both  kinds  occur  in  France. 

Amongst  the  other  implements,  if  we  may  so  call  these ,  I  may 
just  mention  bronze  fish-hooks,  which  have  been  found  asso- 
ciated with  various  bronze  antiquities,  and  of  precisely  the  same 
form  as  those  at  present  in  use,  shewing  that  the  art  of  catching 
fish  with  the  angle  dates  back  to  a  very  early  period. 

I  now  come  to  the  second  series  of  implements,  those  which 
were  of  a  more  warlike  character,  and  I  begin,  first,  with  the 
smaller  specimens,  which  are  probably  the  more  ancient.  These 
are  daggers,  and  what  are  known  as  knife-daggers,  having  very 
short  blades,  usually  attached  to  the  handle  by  merely  a  couple 
of  rivets ;  and  the  handle  itself  consisted  for  the  most  part 
either  of  wood,  stag's-horn,  or  ox-horn,  as  is  proved  by  there 
still  remaining,  in  some  cases,  traces  on  the  bronze  blade  of  the 
fibrous  structure  of  the  latter  kind  of  horn.  Daggers  are  of 
various  forms,  either  leaf-shaped,  or  rapier-like  (Plate  II.  fig.  6), 
or  triangular,  and  occasionally  we  meet  with  implements  of  which 
it  is  difficult  to  say  whether  they  are  daggers  or  spear-heads,  like 
those  found  at  Arreton  Down,  in  which  there  is  a  tang  to  the 
blade.  The  hilts  of  these  daggers  were  occasionally  of  bronze 
and  riveted  on  to  the  blade.  The  hilts  have  been  also  found 
formed  of  wood  and  ornamented  in  the  most  profuse  manner 
by  small  bronze  rivets  or  studs,  as  is  the  case  with  a  bronze 
dagger  exhibited  here  by  Dr.  Thurnam,  or  by  minute  gold  pins, 
as  is  the  case  with  the  dagger  found  by  Sir  Richard  Colt  Hoare 
in  one  of  the  barrows  at  JBrigmilston.  In  other  instances  the 
hilt  seems  to  have  been  formed  of  two  plates  of  wood  or  horn, 
riveted  together,  and  the  end  inserted  into  a  sort  of  pommel 
formed  of  bone,  of  which  there  is  a  specimen  exhibited  by 
Canon  Greenwell.  In  the  dagger  exhibited  by  Dr.  Thurnam  we 
find  the  same  termination  to  the  handle.  The  long  rapier-like 
blades  have  sometimes  no  actual  rivet-holes,  but  only  two  notches 
outside  the  broad  base,  showing  that  the  handle  must  have  been 
much  wider  than  the  blade  itself.  The  Italian  and  some  of  the 
French  daggers  are  usually  provided  with  bronze  hilts,  and  the 
blades  are  occasionally  highly  ornamented.  There  are  some  fine 
specimens  of  that  kind  exhibited  in  the  foreign  series.  I  should 
not  omit  to  notice  some  very  broad  weapons  of  a  dagger-like  form 
more  frequently  found  in  Ireland  than  elsewhere,  and  occasion- 
ally somewhat  curved.  It  has  been  conjectured  that  they  were 
anciently  fastened  at  right  angles  to  a  long  stem  like  a  modern 
halbert.  A  straight  specimen  from  Shropshire  is  exhibited  by 
Mr.  Bernhard  Smith.  (See  plate  II.  fig.  5.) 

From  daggers  we  come  to  swords,  passing  through  an  inter- 
mediate stage  of  very  large  daggers  or  very  small  swords.  The 

2  D  2 


404  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

swords  are  usually  leaf-shaped,  expanding  at  about  the  distance 
of  a  third  of  their  length  from  the  point  to  a  considerable  width, 
narrowing  again  towards  the  middle,  and  expanding  again 
towards  the  hilt.  The  rapier-shaped,  on  the  contrary,  taper 
away  from  the  hilt  to  the  point,  the  portion  of  the  blade  inserted 
in  the  hilt  being  of  considerable  width. 

Some  sword-blades  are  inserted  into  bronze  hilts  (Plate  IV.  fig. 
14),  which  are  ornamented  in  a  very  artistic  manner.  In  other 
cases  the  hilts  appear  to  have  been  of  stag's  horn,  bone.,  or  wood, 
attached  to  the  blades  by  rivets.  A  very  curious  sword -blade 
from  Ireland  is  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Day,  with  a.  portion  of  the 
original  stag's  horn  haft  attached.  Sometimes  there  are  flanges 
at  the  side  of  the  hilt,  leaving  recesses  in  it  to  receive  small 
plates  of  bone  or  wood.  Perhaps  the  finest  specimens  of  swords 
are  those  found  in  Germany,  and  there  is  one  blade  here  from  the 
cemetery  of  Hallstatt,  to  which  I  will  call  attention,  on  account 
of  the  admirable  manner  in  which  it  is  engraved,  having  raised 
lines  and  a  wavy  pattern  on  either  side  of  them.  A  number  of 
bronze  swords  have  been  found  in  the  Thames,  of  which  a  mag- 
nificent collection  is  exhibited  by  Mr.  Layton.  Some  of  these 
were  provided  with  bronze  sheaths,  which  are  admirable  speci- 
mens of  casting,  but  which  did  not  extend  over  the  whole  blade  ; 
numerous  specimens  of  these  sheaths  have  been  found  in  England, 
and  several  are  exhibited  here  (Plate  II.  8,  9),  but  as  far  as  I 
am  aware  the  only  one  discovered  with  the  sword-blade  in  it, 
still  fixed  so  as  to  be  immoveable,  is  that  exhibited  by  Mr.  Layton. 
(Plate  II.  fig.  7.)  Scabbard  ends,  with  long  projecting  horns  of 
a  peculiar  form,  have  been  found  in  Ireland,  of  which  a  speci- 
men is  exhibited  by  Mr.  Sparrow  Simpson,  and  there  is  a 
German  form  with  a  celt-like  termination.  In  Denmark  swords 
have  been  found  still  enveloped  in  their  leather  sheaths. 

Spear-heads  are  also  very  various  in  their  forms  and  dimen- 
sions. The  principal  forms  are  the  leaf- shaped  (Plate  IV.  figs. 
16,  17),  the  barbed,  and  the  looped,  and  there  is  yet  another 
variety  in  which  there  are  considerable  apertures  in  the  blades. 
The  barbed  spear-heads  are  usually  provided  with  bronze  rivets, 
projecting  to  a  considerable  distance  on  either  side  of  the  socket, 
whereas  in  other  varieties  it  is  rarely  that  rivets  are  found.  It 
has  been  supposed,  I  do  not  know  with  what  justice,  that  these 
wide  barbed  spear-heads  were  used  for  fishing  purposes,  but  I 
should  be  sorry  to  express  any  very  decided  opinion  on  that 
point.  It  is  probably  the  first  time  that  so  great  a  number  of 
these  weapons  have  been  brought  together  :  a  remarkably  perfect 
specimen  is  exhibited  by  Mr.  J.  A.  Rolls,  and  a  very  large  one 
by  Major  Bunny  (Plate  III.  fig.  11).  The  looped  have  sometimes 
loops  in  the  angles,  and  sometimes  detached  loops  on  the  socket. 


PLATE  III. 


To  face  page  405. 


10.    SPEAB-HEAD  FROM 
LURGAN.    Scale  }. 


I 


1 1 .    FROM  SPEEN,  BERKS. 
Scale  i. 


Jan.  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  405 

These  loops,  I  presume,  originated  from  the  necessity  of  attach- 
ing the  blade  to  the  handle  without  weakening  it  by  driving  a 
rivet  through  it,  but  it  is  barely  possible  that  some  of  the  loops 
may  have  been  intended  for  the  attachment  of  a  tassel  or  fringe 
by  way  of  ornament.  The  large  spear-heads  with  crescent- 
shaped  openings  in  the  blades  (Plate  IV.  fig.  15),  are  rare  in 
England,  and,  I  think,  belong  to  the  latter  portion  of  the  bronze 
period. 

Colonel  Lane  Fox  exhibits  a  magnificent  specimen  of  an 
Irish  spear-head  of  bronze,  ornamented  with  gold  bound  round 
it  and  engraved  with  patterns,  and  attached  to  it  is  a  shaft  which 
is  considered  to  be  the  original  shaft  of  bog  oak.  There  is  ex- 
hibited another  very  fine  Irish  specimen  from  Lurgan  (Plate  III. 
fig.  10),  24  inches  long,  with  two  small  apertures  at  the  lower 
end  of  the  blade,  which  it  was  suggested  to  me  in  Ireland  were 
intended  for  tlie  purpose  of  receiving  poison,  but  I  ventured  to 
hint  to  my  informant  that  after  a  spear  had  penetrated  17|  inches 
into  a  human  body,  poison  was  probably  superfluous.  At  the 
end  of  the  shafts  of  the  spears  there  were,  in  some  cases  at  all 
events,  ferules  made  of  bronze  (Plate  III.  fig.  12),  which  have 
been  in  many  instances  found  in  the  same  deposits  as  the  spear- 
heads themselves.  Lance-heads  are  merely  a  variety  of  spear- 
heads, and  very  probably  some  of  those  we  have  'here  were 
used  for  pointing  lances.  Bronze  arrow-heads  are  very  rare  in 
England,  though  they  occasionally  occur.  I  think  that  in  the 
bronze  period  the  points  were  probably  of  flint  rather  than  of 
bronze,  inasmuch  as  arrows  were  liable  to  be  lost,  and  flint  was 
probably  a  more  accessible  material,  and  of  less  value,  than 
bronze,  and  at  the  same  time  capable  of  being  made  into  the 
proper  form  with  almost  equal  facility.  In  France,  Denmark, 
and  Germany,  bronze  arrow-heads  are  found  generally  barbed, 
and  sometimes  tanged,  and  occasionally  having  projecting  spurs 
at  the  side. 

Another  form  of  warlike  implement  is  the  mace,  but  it  is 
doubtful  to  my  mind  whether  it  really  belongs  to  the  bronze 
age. 

Battle-axes  again  have  been  found 'in  bronze,  some  from  Den- 
mark and  Germany  being  almost  identical  in  form  with  the 
perforated  battle  axes  in  stone,  while  others  appear  better 
adapted  for  ceremonial  purposes,  inasmuch  as  they  consist 
merely  of  a  thin  film  of  bronze  cast  on  a  core  of  burnt  clay. 
Some  of  the  battle-axes  are  very  graceful  in  form  and  beauti- 
fully engraved.  A  pickaxe-like  type  from  Hungary  may  have 
been  used  as  a  tool. 

Of  trumpets,  we  have  two  specimens  from  Ireland,  exhibited 
by  Colonel  Lane  Fox.  Of  shields,  and  bucklers,  and  defensive 


406 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 


[1873. 


weapons  there  is  in  this  room,  I  think,  the  finest  series  ever 
brought  together.  There  are  specimens  from  the  counties  of 
Cardigan  and  Caernarvon  exhibited  by  Mr.  Franks,  and  one 
from  Shropshire  exhibited  by  Mr.  Pro  vis,  and  there  is  also  a 
very  fine  specimen  from  Harlech,  sent  by  Mr.  Wynne,  F.S.A.; 
to  say  nothing  of  the  small  buckler  from  Eynsham  Bridge  and 
the  large  one  from  Scotland,  both  in  this  Society's  own  collec- 
tion. It  is  very  curious  that  so  large  a  proportion  of  these 
bucklers  has  been  found  in  Wales,  and  it  is  suggestive  of  their 
belonging  to  a  comparatively  late  period.  They  have  also  been 
found  in  Northumberland,  Lincolnshire,  Cambridgeshire,  and 
the  Thames. 

Helmets  I  need  hardly  mention,  because  in  the  bronze  period 
proper  they  were  almost  unknown  in  England,  although  they 
are  found  in  various  parts  of  the  continent. 

As  to  ornaments,  the  finest,  perhaps,  are  those  known  as 
torques.  Those  twisted  collars  appear  to  have  been  worn  as 
emblems  of  distinction.  Specimens  have  been  found  in  England 

at  Hollingbury  Hill,  and  also 
in  Dorsetshire.  In  the  fo- 
reign series  are  examples  of 
German  and  Danish  torques, 
from  which  it  appears  that 
originally  the  torque  was 
made  with  the  two  ends  sepa- 
rate, one  hooking  over  the 
other,  and  each  terminating 
in  a  spiral ;  and  subsequently 
it  was  found  more  conve- 
nient to  cast  them  in  one, 
the  appearance  of  the  two 
spirals  hooked  over  each 
other  being  preserved  though 
they  are  cast  solid. 

Bracelets  have  been  found 
in  Kent,  Dorset,  Heathery 
Burn  Cave,  the  Scilly  Is- 
lands, and  in  other  parts  of 
the  country,  (see  woodcuts) 
but  the  spirals  which  are  so 
common  in  Germany  and 
Denmark  have  not,  so  far 
as  I  am  aware,  ever  been 
found  in  this  country.  They 
appear  to  have  been  pro- 
duced by  hammering  out  the  bronze  and  coiling  it  in  a  most 


BRONZE   ARMLET,  SCILLY  ISLANDS. 

Scale  i. 


BRONZE  ARMLET,  CORNWALL. 

Scale  i. 


Jan.  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUAKFES.  407 

skilful  manner,  and  they  are  evidently  descendants  of  the  forms 
in  use  in  Tuscany. 

Kings  of  various  sizes  have  been  found  in  this  country; 
several  have  come  from  Heathery  Burn  Cave  ;  and  ear-rings 
have  been  found  accompanying  some  interments,  consisting  of 
plates  of  bronze  curved  into  a  semi-cylindrical  form  with  a  hook 
for  passing  through  the  ear.  Brooches  of  the  bronze  period 
are  extremely  rare  in  this  country.  Buttons  have  been  found  in 
several  hoards,  usually  ornamented  with  concentric  rings ;  and 
what  appear  to  be  ends  for  belts,  with  a  loop  on  one  side  of  a 
hollow  cylinder  and  a  slot  or  notch  at  the  other,  which  might 
alloAv  the  insertion  of  the  looped  end  of  a  belt  through  it,  so  that  it 
might  be  secured  by  a  pin.  It  is  however  problematical  to  what 
use  these  objects  were  applied. 

Pins  have  been  found  sometimes  20  inches  long  and  orna- 
mented in  various  ways.  They  are  sometimes  provided  with 
loops.  Some  are  of  a  smaller  size,  such  as  those  from  Heathery 
Burn  Cave,  exhibited  by  Mr.  Greenwell.  They  are  very 
numerous  in  the  Swiss  Lakes  and  in  Ireland.  Those  found  in 
the  Swiss  Lake-dwellings  are  very  highly  ornamented,  and  of  a 
character  not  found  in  this  country. 

Bronze  vessels  belonging  to  the  bronze  period  are  of  very 
rare  occurrence  in  Britain,  though  they  have  beeiit  occasionally 
found  in  barrows.  In  Duddingston  Loch,  in  Scotland,  a  vessel 
was  found  with  leaf-shaped  swords,  and  spearheads  with  aper- 
tures in  the  blades ;  but  in  that  case,  the  metal  of  which  the 
vessel  is  composed  contains  not  less  than  8*5  per  cent,  of  lead, 
and  7*20  of  tin,  which  affords  evidence  of  its  belonging  to  a  very 
late  portion  of  the  bronze  period. 

During  the  bronze  period  ornaments  were  also  made  of  other 
materials,  as  for  instance,  beads  of  bone,  ornaments  of  jet,  neck- 
laces composed  of  numerous  plates  of  jet,  sometimes  ornamented 
with  patterns  engraved  upon  them,  similar  necklaces  in  amber, 
and  amber  beads,  and  occasionally  gold  ornaments,  of  which 
some,  found  in  the  Heathery  Burn  Cave  in  connection  with 
bronze  implements,  are  exhibited  by  Canon  Greenwell. 

I  must  now,  however,  call  attention  to  the  method  by  which 
these  implements  were  manufactured  :• — They  were  for  the  most 
part  cast,  but  were  also  partly  hammered.  The  ornamented 
surfaces  were  in  some  cases  engraved,  and  in  others  punched, 
and  in  some  instances  the  patterns  were  apparently  cast  upon 
them.  The  methods  of  casting  employed  appear  to  have  been  three 
in  number — the  ordinary  system  of  moulding  in  clay  or  sand 
moulds  ;  that  of  casting  in  stone  moulds  ;  and  that  of  casting  in 
metal  moulds ;  and  it  has  been  suggested  that  some  of  the  com- 
plicated forms  may  have  been  cast  from  wax  models,  which  were 


408  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

inserted  in  some  plastic  material  for  forming  the  mould,  and 
subsequently  melted  out,  leaving  a  space  into  which  the  metal 
might  be  poured.  Morlot  calls  it  the  most  common  mode  of 
casting  in  the  bronze  period,  but  I  think  that  is  extremely 
doubtful.  I  doubt  very  much  whether  under  ordinary  circum- 
stances wax  would  stand  the  pressure  of  the  plastic  materials 
from  which  the  mould  was  formed,  if  they  were  rammed  round  it. 
It  seems  more  probable  that  the  model  was  made  of  wood, 
and  the  mould  containing  it  exposed  to  heat  until  the  wood  had 
entirely  disappeared  and  left  the  mould  free,  in  which  the  metal 
might  be  cast.  In  the  case  of  stone  moulds  there  were  two 
varieties  in  use.  In  casting  ordinary  plain  celts  it  would  appear 
that  only  one  mould  was  employed,  that  the  metal  was  poured 
in  until  the  cavity  was  filled  to  the  requisite  height,  and  on 
cooling,  the  celt  was  finished  by  the  hammering  and  grinding 
processes.  In  other  cases,  however,  the  moulds  of  stone  were, 
made  in  pairs,  and  employed  very  much  like  the  sand-moulds  of 
the  present  day.  Of  metallic  moulds  several  are  extant  for 
casting  palstaves,  and  celts,  and  other  forms  of  implements,  and 
they  have  been  found  not  only  in  this  country  but  also  in 
France,  Germany,  Italy,  and  elsewhere,  showing,  as  I  shall 
subsequently  have  occasion  to  remark,  that  the  process  of  manu- 
facture of  bronze  implements  was  carried  on  in  the  countries 
themselves  where  the  implements  are  found. 

In  illustration  of  the  method  pursued  in  casting  I  cannot  do 
better  than  show  you  a  hoard  of  implements  which  were  found 
together,  a  year  or  two  ago,  in  the  Isle  of  Harty,  part  of  the 
Isle  of  Sheppey.  The  hoard  consists  of  a  socketed  celt,  a  knife, 
a  kind  of  knife-dagger,  some  gouges,  some  rough  pieces  of 
metal,  a  portion  apparently  of  a  sword-belt,  and  of  moulds. 
Among  them  is  a  mould  for  casting  a  socketed  celt,  consisting  of 
two  halves,  which  fit  together  with  a  couple  of  dowels.  Here  is 
the  celt  itself  which  was  cast  in  this  mould,  inasmuch  as  there 
is  a  recess  on  one  face  of  the  mould  and  a  corresponding  pro- 
jection on  the  celt.  When  however  I  place  the  celt  .within  the 
mould  I  find  that  at  the  cutting-edge  it  is  not  only  too  broad  but 
too  long.  It  is  therefore  evident  that  this  celt  since  it  was  cast 
has  undergone  some  process  by  which  its  shape  has  been  altered. 
Now  we  all  know  that  by  hammering  a  metal  of  this  kind  it  is 
hardened  and,  as  it  were,  tempered.  In  this  hoard  I  have  the 
bronze  hammer  which  was  in  use  by  the  ancient  founder,  pro- 
bably for  the  purpose  of  hardening  the  edges  by  hammering ; 
and  this  hammer  is  not  cast  of  the  ordinary  bronze,  but  is  of 
another  alloy  of  copper  and  tin,  so  as  to  give  it  greater  hardness. 
But  after  the  edge  had  been  hammered,  in  all  probability  there 
•would  be  some  roughness  left,  and  here  is  actually  among  these 


Jan.  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  409 

implements  the  whetstone  which  was  used  by  this  old  founder  for 
giving  a  final  polish  to  the  edge  of  the  celts. 

When,  however,  a  celt  had  been  cast  with  a  clay  core,  which 
formed  the  socket  into  which  the  wooden  handle  was  to  be  in- 
serted, owing  to  the  heat  of  the  metal  the  clay  of  the  core  was 
burnt  as  hard  as  if  it  were  brick.  I  have  a  French  celt  from 
which  the  clay  core  has  never  been  removed,  and  the  question 
is  how  they  removed  these  hard-burnt  clay  cores.  In  this  hoard, 
however,  is  a  pointed  tool,  evidently  intended  to  be  driven  into  a 
handle,  with  a  stop  to  prevent  it  going  too  far,  which  no  doubt 
was  used  as  a  sort  of  pick  to  get  out  the  cores  after  the  celts  had 
been  cast,  and,  oddly  enough,  the  old  founder  had  broken  off 
the  point  of  one  of  these  tools,  at  a  place  exactly  corresponding 
with  the  depth  of  a  celt-socket,  for  here  is  the  broken  implement 

I  have  not  quite  done  with  this  founder's  mode  of  manu- 
facture. Here  is  another  old  mould,  and  in  it  is  adhering  a 
portion  of  a  kind  of  horny  "material,  the  nature  of  which  I  was 
unable  to  determine.  I  submitted  it  to  Dr.  Odling,  of  the  Koyal 
Institution,  and  he  informs  me  that  it  is  carbonate  of  lead.  That 
proves  at  all  events  that  at  the  time  this  hoard  was  deposited 
they  were  acquainted  with  the  use  of  lead.  From  time  to  time 
lead  celts  have  been  found,  which  certainly  could  not  have  been 
used  for  any  purpose  of  cutting.  They  have  been  found  perhaps 
in  greater  numbers  than  is  convenient  for  my  theory,  but  still, 
in  this  instance  at  all  events,  I  incline  to  think  that  the  founder 
kept  by  him  a  lead  celt  which  fitted  his  mould,  and  which  he 
was  always  able  to  keep,  inasmuch  as  it  was  useless  to  dispose 
of,  and  he  used  it  as  what  the  founders  of  the  present  day  would 
call  a  core-box,  in  which  he  made  the  core  which  formed  the 
hollow  in  the  celts.  The  form  in  which  these  cores  wrere  made 
is  to  some  extent  illustrated  by  the  hoard  from  Stogursey, 
Somersetshire,  exhibited  by  Sir  A.  Acland  Hood,  in  which 
there  are  a  number  of  waste  pieces  broken  off  the  celts  after 


JETS  FROM  CASTING,  STOGtJKSBY. 


they  had  been  cast,  and  showing  that  the  core  only  came  up  to 
a  certain  height  in  the  moulds,  and  that  along  its  sides  there 
were  three  or  four  channels,  through  which  the  metal  ran  in 
order  to  find  its  way  into  the  mould.  (See  woodcuts.) 


410  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

In  addition  to  the  moulds  for  celts  in  the  Harty  hoard,  I  have 
here  a  mould  for  forming  gouges,  which  I  believe  is  unique  at 
the  present  time,  and  in  this  mould  there  is  an  orifice  passing 
from  side  to  side  of  the  mouth,  which  I  have  no  doubt  was  also 
connected  with  the  method  of  inserting  the  core  in  the  mould, 
so  that  it  could  not  drop  down,  but  was  kept  in  its  place  during 
the  process  of  casting.  In  some  of  the  palstaves,  the  runners 
which  allowed  the  metal  to  find  its  way  into  the  mould,  after 
being  broken  off,  were  turned  over  and  formed  the  dove-tailed 
ends  for  securing  the  blade  in  its  handle. 

I  have  said  enough  with  regard  to  the  process  of  manufac- 
ture, and  would  now  say  a  few  wrords  with  regard  to  the  .asso- 
ciation of  objects  in  some  of  the  Finds.  That  from  Wilmington, 
in  Sussex,  consists  of  socketed  celts,  a  mould,  and  a  looped  pal- 
stave ;  another  from  Gruilsfield,  in  Montgomeryshire,  contributed 
by  Earl  Powis  and  the  Shrewsbury  Museum,  also  contains 
socketed  celts,  looped  palstaves,  spears  with  apertures  in  the 
blade,  ferules,  sword,  and  sheaths ;  one  from  Somersetshire, 
exhibited  by  Sir  A.  Acland  Hood,  comprises  socketed  celts, 
looped  palstaves,  a  leaf-shaped  spear,  broken  swords,  a  sheath, 
and  jets  of  metal ;  and  another  from  Garstang,  in  Lancashire, 
consists  of  socketed  celts,  a  spear- head  with  openings  in  the 
blade,  and  a  leaf-shaped  spear-head  ;  and  the  inference  we  may 
draw  is  that  these  implements  were  in  use  together,  and  at  the 
same  time.  In  all  these  cases,  socketed  celts  and  looped  palstaves 
are  found  together  with  portions  of  swords,  generally  broken, 
sheaths,  and  spears  with  apertures  in  the  blades.  Then  again, 
from  Whittingham,  in  Northumberland,  Lord  Ravensworth  sends 
two  swords,  two  leaf-shaped  spears,  and  a  perforated  spear  of  the 
same  kind  (see  Plate  IV).  We  are  indebted  to  the  Rev.  E.  L. 
Barn  well  for  the  exhibition  of  a  large  find  from  Broadward,  in 
Shropshire,  consisting  of  rough  metal,  barbed  spears,  leaf-shaped 
spears,  ferules,  and  girdle  ends.  From  Heathery  Burn  Cave, 
Canon  Greenwell  sends  us  socketed  celts,  leaf-shaped  spears, 
gouges,  a  pair  of  tongs,  socketed  knives,  pins,  -  rings,  and 
some  discs  or  circular  plates,  and  hollow  cylindrical  pieces  of 
bronze,  a  use  for  which  I  am  unable  to  assign.  I  have  also  here 
a  curious  hoard  from  Burwell,  showing  that  gouges  and  socketed 
celts,  hammers,  socketed  and  tanged  knives,  swords,  girdle-ends, 
buttons  and  other  forms,  were  in  use  together.  I  have  already 
mentioned  the  hoard  from  the  Isle  of  Harty,  but  I  have  another 
from  the  Thames,  consisting  of  a  tanged  chisel,  a  socketed  knife, 
a  gouge,  a  double-edged  knife,  and  a  socketed  celt  with  an 
octagonal  section.  It  is  very  remarkable  that  in  nearly  all  cases 
where  we  meet  with  these  hoards,  they  appear  to  belong  not  to 
the  early  portion  of  the  Bronze  Period,  but  to  the  later  portion, 


Jan.  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  411 

inasmuch  as  looped  palstaves  and  socketed  celts  are  present,  which 
appear  to  be  late  forms  of  these  implements,  and  in  the  case  of 
the  Harty  Find  we  have  evidence  of  the  knowledge  of  lead. 

The  source  from  which  the  metal  for  the  bronze  antiquities 
was  derived  appears  to  me  to  involve  a  question  which  might 
require  several  evenings  to  discuss,  and  into  which  I  am  not  at 
the  present  time  prepared  to  enter.  There  is  however  an  excel- 
lent paper  on  the  subject  by  Mr.  Howorth,  in  the  Transactions 
of  the  Ethnological  Society  (vol.  vi.  p.  72).  I  may  also  refer  to 
the  works  of  Von  Bibra,  of  Morlot,  and  of  Wibel. 

Copper  is  found  in  various  parts  of  the  world — in  Arabia,  in 
Cyprus,  in  Asia  Minor,  in  Spain ;  and  it  appears  also  to  have 
been  worked  by  the  Romans  in  Tuscany,  while  tin  in  old  times 
would  appear  to  have  been  derived  from  this  country.  Tin  has 
also  been  found  in  Spain,  Bohemia,  Saxony,  Sweden,  Ireland, 
China,  and  Japan.  Blocks  of  copper  occur  in  these  hoards,  but 
very  rarely  tin,  probably  because  it  is  more  easily  oxidised,  and 
so  corrodes  away.  Some  tin,  however,  was  found  with  a  hoard  of 
sickles  at  Hermannstadt,  in  Transylvania,  and  a  piece  of  it  is 
now  in  Mr.  Franks's  possession.  Tin  was  also  used,  unmixed,  for 
ornamental  purposes  in  Denmark  and  in  Switzerland ;  but,  from 
whatever  source  this  metal  was  derived,  we  see  from  the  different 
character  pervading  the  weapons  and  tools  of  different  countries 
that  there  must  have  been  in  each  a  local  manufacture;  and 
this  is  further  proved  by  the  fact  that  in  each  country  are  dis- 
covered hoards  of  metal  and  broken  tools  accompanied  by  the 
moulds  in  which  they  were  cast.  It  is  therefore  undoubtedly  the 
case  that  these  bronze  weapons  which  we  find  so  uniformly  dis- 
seminated— though  the  invention  of  them  may  in  all  probability 
have  had  its  origin  in  some  particular  spot — were  not  derived  by 
commerce  from  any  one  centre ;  and  consequently  any  views  as 
to  the  Phoenicians  being  the  sole  producers  or  importers  of  the 
bronze  objects  found  in  this  country  must  be  regarded  as 
fallacious. 

As  to  the  chronology  of  the  Bronze  Period  in  Britain,  we  are 
to  a  great  extent  at  fault.  We  know  that  when  this  country  was 
first  invaded  by  the  Romans  iron  was  in  use,  and  probably  had 
been  for  some  centuries,  as  we  know  to  have  been  the  case  in  Gaul 
and  Germany.  It  is  said  by  Caesar  that  in  this  country  use  was 
made  of  imported  bronze,  but  I  can  hardly  believe  that  in  that 
instance  he  had  received  trustworthy  information,  especially  as 
on  another  subject,  the  early  coinage  of  this  country,  I  have  not 
found  that  what  Caesar  has  written,  or  is  made  to  have  written, 
is  absolutely  trustworthy.  But  though  at  the  time  of  the  Roman 
Invasion  the  Bronze  Period  may  be  said  to  have  ceased  in  this 
country,  it  is  almost  impossible  to  say  at  what  date  it  may 


412  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

have  commenced,  nor  indeed  absolutely  at  what  date  'it  ceased. 
No  doubt  there  was,  as  I  said  before,  an  over-lapping  of  the 
Bronze  into  the  Iron  Period,  and  I  have  heard  of  an  instance  in 
which  a  bronze  celt  is  said  to  have  been  found  with  a  skeleton 
in  company  with  an  ancient  British  coin.  I  am  not  sure  to 
what  extent  that  is  to  be  relied  on,  but  still  it  does  appear  to  me 
by  no  means  improbable  that  bronze  celts  may  have  remained 
in  use  in  this  country  down  to,  at  all  events,  within  a  century  or 
so  of  the  invasion  of  Cassar.  What  may  be  eventually  discovered 
as  to  the  duration  of  the  Bronze  Period  in  Britain  no  one  can 
foretell,  but  at  the  present  time  we  can  only  say,  from  the  number 
of  objects  found,  and  the  different  circumstances  under  which 
they  have  been  discovered,  that  in  all  probability  it  extended 
over  a  period  of  several  hundred  years.  We  may,  as  I  said 
before,  by  means  of  these  Finds  to  some  extent  assign  different 
articles  to  different  portions  of  the  Bronze  Period,  but  to  how 
early  a  date  the  use  of  the  small  knife-daggers  and  the  plain 
celts  may  extend,  is,  to  my  mind,  a  problem  which  is  not  likely 
soon  to  receive  a  satisfactory  answer. 

I  have  already  commented  on  the  question  whether  in  different 
countries  the  use  of  bronze  was  developed  among  the  natives, 
or  resulted  from  the  invasion  of  a  foreign  race  or  from  contact 
with  foreign  commerce,  and  I  think  that,  here  as  elsewhere,  we 
must  come  to  the  conclusion  that  the  introduction  of  bronze  did 
not  take  place  by  any  such  invasion  of  a  conquering  race,  but 
that  in  all  probability  the  use  of  it  was  developed — as  we  find, 
generally  speaking,  all  the  arts  of  civilization  were  developed — 
partly  by  means  of  contact  from  without,  but  also  to  some 
extent  by  original  invention  within  each  country.  We  find 
that  the  people  who  were  using  these  bronze  implements  so 
varied  in  form,  and  presenting  such  evidence  of  mechanical  skill 
in  their  fabrication,  had  made  considerable  advances  in  material 
civilization  over  those  who  used  even  the  most  highly  finished  of 
the  stone  weapons ;  they  appear  to  have  been  in  possession  of 
a  larger  number  of  domesticated  animals,  and  they  had  made 
greater  advances  in  agriculture.  But  when  all  is  said,  it  appears 
to  me  that  we  must  be  content  for  the  present  merely  to  accept 
them  as  affording  a  connecting  link  between  the  stone-using 
people  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  iron-using  people  on  the  other, 
of  whose  civilization  we  of  the  present  day  are  the  not  very 
remote  inheritors.* 

Col.  A.  H.  LANE  Fox,  V  P.,  made  the  following  remarks : — 
I  would  commence  the  few  observations  I  wish  to  make  by 

*  The  Society  is  indebted  to  Mr.  Evans  for  the  use  of  most  of  the  woodcuts 
which  illustrate  his  address,  as  well  as  for  two  of  the  woodcuts  in  Plate  IV. 


Jan.  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  413 

thanking  Mr.  Evans  for  the  interesting  discourse  he  has  deli- 
vered. He  has  shown  very  clearly  that  in  the  bronze  imple- 
ments there  has  been  so  continuous  a  sequence  of  form  from  the 
earlier  and  simpler  forms,  particularly  in  the  celts,  going  on  to 
the  more  advanced  forms,  that  it  would  denote  a  sequence  in 
time ;  and  this  is  somewhat  confirmed  by  the  fact  that  we  find 
the  earliest  and  simplest  forms  are  often  of  copper,  whilst  we 
only  find  in  bronze  those  which  are  more  advanced  and  com- 
plicated ;  but  it  would  not  be  correct  to  assume  that  this  is 
true,  unless  we  have  corroborative  evidence  from  the  tombs. 
We  have  here  present  Mr.  Greenwell,  who  has  done  of  late 
more  than  any  one  else  in  the  examination  of  the  British  bar- 
rows of  the  earliest  period,  and  he  will  be  able  te  tell  us  whether 
it  is  a  fact  that  in  the  earliest  Bronze  Period  none  but  the 
simpler  forms^  are  found,  and  I  have  no  doubt  he  will  be  able  to 
point  out  on  the  diagram  which  I  have  exhibited  those  forms 
which  are  found  in  the  English  barrows,  and  those  which  are 
not. 

Another  question  of  great  interest  is  that  of  the  origin  of 
bronze,  on  which  Mr.  Evans  has  touched.  Many  distinguished 
archasologists  have  considered  that  this  country  derived  its  bronze 
age  from  the  Phoenicians.  Against  that  it  must  be  said  that  the 
whole  of  the  particular  forms  which  he  has  described  are  con- 
fined for  the  most  part  to  the  North  of  Europe.  They  are  found 
in  Britany,  France,  Spain,  Hungary,  and  eastward  in  Russia 
and  Siberia,  and  have  not  as  yet  been  found,  I  believe,  in  those 
countries  which  were  especially  inhabited  by  the  Phoenicians. 
We  have  not  found  them  in  Africa,  or  in  Asia  Minor.  In  the 
next  room  you  will  see  some  socket  spear-heads  from  the  island 
of  Cyprus,  but  you  will  observe  that  the  particular  character  of 
these  sockets  is  quite  distinct  from  those  of  Northern  Europe, 
not  being  cast,  but  formed  flat  and  bent  over.  You  will  observe 
that  there  is. -a  slit  showing  where  they  are  joined,  which  you 
never  find  in  the  bronze  spear-heads  of  Northern  Europe. 
Therefore,  although  we  have  not  much  evidence  as  yet  of  the 
forms  of  Africa  and  Asia  Minor,  I  cannot  help  thinking  that, 
if  we  did  derive  bronze  implements  from  the  Phoenicians,  we 
ought  certainly  to  find  some  specimens  in  their  own  countries 
which  correspond  to  those  found  in  this  country.  Mr.  Howorth 
formerly  advocated  the  Phoenician  origin  of  bronze,  and  we 
shall  be  able  to  hear  from  him  what  has  to  be  said  on  that 
point.  The  knowledge,  however,  of  the  metal  itself  may  have 
been  derived  from  a  different  source  from  the  forms  of  the  im- 
plements. 

The  Rev.  W.  GTREENWELL,  F.S.A.  made  the  following  obser- 


414  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

vations : — With  reference  to  the  bronze  implements  'found  in 
ancient  British  barrows,  I  am  afraid  they  will  not  afford  much 
evidence  of  the  use  of  bronze  in  this  country,  but  they  will  afford 
some  evidence ;  and  I  will  briefly  lay  before  you,  so  far  as  my 
own  experience  goes,  and  so  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  learn 
from  the  explorations  of  other  persons,  what  that  evidence  is.  I 
am  here  only  referring  to  implements  associated  with  interments, 
for  of  course  there  are  implements  found  in  barrows  not  asso- 
ciated with  interments,  and  thus  barrows  afford  evidence  which 
is  not  quite  satisfactory.  For  example,  we  may  find  a  shilling 
of  Elizabeth  or  of  Victoria  in  a  barrow  deposited  long  subse- 
quently to  the  time  of  its  erection.  It  is  only,  therefore,  when 
we  find  implements  in  actual  contact  with  the  body,  and  there  is 
conclusive  evidence  that  no  disturbance  has  taken  place  since  the 
time  the  mound  was  thrown  up,  that  we  can  say  that  we  have 
conclusive  evidence  as  regards  the  identity  in  point  of  time  of 
the  barrow,  and  the  implements  contained  in  it.  I,  as  well  as 
others,  have  found  a  certain  class  of  bronze  implements  associ- 
ated with  interments.  These  may  be  described  as  a  plain  bronze 
axe,  based  on  the  model  of  the  stone-axe,  without  even  flanges 
of  any  kind  whatever,  and  necessarily  without  a  socket ;  a  knife- 
dagger,  of  which  two  or  three  specimens  are  now  exhibited  before 
you ;  these  are  perfectly  distinct  from  true  daggers  which,  in  my 
opinion,  belong  to  a  much  later  period  of  bronze  cultivation. 
The  knife-dagger  in  question  is  a  small,  thin  implement,  and  was 
apparently  used  for  cutting  purposes  rather  than  as  an  offensive 
weapon  for  stabbing,  and  I  think  they  have  more  the  character 
of  knives  than  daggers.  Also,  we  find  some  implements  which 
Mr.  Evans  has  mentioned  to  you,  such  PS  the  awl  and  drill,  one 
of  which,  at  least,  I  have  no  doubt  was  used  in  stitching.  Be- 
sides these,  I  do  not  know  of  any  implements  that  have  been 
discovered  in  actual  contact  with  the  body.  The  sword,  spear- 
head, socketed  axe,  the  gouge,  the  chisel,  have  never,  in  any 
well-authenticated  case,  been  found  associated  with  an  interment. 
In  what  I  have  said  I  have  entirely  confined  my  .remarks  to 
results  obtained  from  the  examination  of  British  barrows.  The 
implements  hitherto  described  are  of  a  different  class  to  the  great 
variety  of  bronze  implements  found  in  large  hoards,  discovered 
in  various  parts  of  England.  In  these  you  find  the  sword,  the 
spear-head,  the  socketed  celt,  the  palstave,  the  gouge,  the 
chisel,  and  other  articles,  but  you  never  find  these  little  drills, 
and  awls,  the  thin  knife  dagger,  or  the  plain  axe.  From  these 
premisses  I  argue  that  these  different  sets  of  implements  belong 
to  quite  two  different  periods  in  the  use  of  bronze.  The  one 
to  the  early  period,  when  bronze  was  extremely  scarce,  and 
stone  was  the  general  material  in  use  for  a  variety  of  implements 


Jan.  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  415 

of  defence  and  for  agricultural  or  domestic  work,  the  other  and 
later  period,  that  of  these  great  finds,  in  which  have  been  dis- 
covered the  sword,  and  the  spear,  and  the  celt,  belonging  to  a 
time  when  stone,  though  yet  to  some  extent  in  use,  had  been 
largely  superseded  by  bronze.  Having,  then,  regard  to  these 
several  facts  just  brought  before  you,  it  seems  to  me  quite  impos- 
sible to  regard  these  several  bronze  implements  as  all  belonging 
to  the  same  time.  Seeing  that  you  never  find  in  association 
with  an  interment  a  sword,  a  spear,  a  socketed  celt,  a  palstave, 
a  gouge,  or  a  chisel,  or  any  of  those  articles  found  together  in 
large  hoards,  and  that  you  never  find  in  the  large  hoards  any  of 
those  implements  which  are  found  associated  with  interments  in 
barrows,  it  seems  to  me  to  be  quite  conclusive  that  they  belong 
to  entirely  different  periods,  and  the  earlier  period  is  that  which 
is  represented  Jby  the  simple  and  more  trifling  implements  of  the 
barrows.  How  it  comes  to  pass  that  we  find  no  interments 
appertaining  to  the  period  to  which  I  have  supposed  these  large 
and  more  important  implements  of  bronze  to  belong,  I  cannot 
explain.  No  doubt  persons  must  have  been  buried  in  those  times 
as  they  were  buried  earlier,  but  how  it  is  we  have  not  discovered 
any  interments  of  that  date  I  do  not  pretend  to  understand;  at  the 
same  time,  although  that  is  a  difficulty,  I  do  not  think  that  it  by 
any  means  destroys  the  force  of  what  I  have  mentioned  to  you 
with  regard  to  the  different  implements  which  have  been  found 
associated  with  burials,  and  those  which  have  been  found  in 
hoards.  I  hope,  by  such  exhibitions  as  these,  and  by  careful 
descriptions  of  any  large  hoards  which  may  from  time  to  time 
be  discovered,  we  may  be  able  to  assign  much  more  accurately 
than  we  can  at  present  the  various  implements  to  different 
periods  of  the  Bronze  Age,  for  no  doubt  they  do  belong  to  very 
different  periods  indeed ;  for  instance,  I  would  attribute  an 
earlier  date  to  the  ordinary  sword,  to  the  spear-head,  &c.,  than 
to  some  rapier-shaped  daggers  which  have  been  found  abun- 
dantly in  the  Thames.  These  last  I  am  inclined  to  attribute  to  a 
period  verging  upon  that  of  the  use  of  iron,  if  they  do  not  over- 
lap it,  and  I  think  we  have  illustrations  in  this  exhibition  of 
three  distinct  periods  of  the  age  of  bronze,  and  I  hope  that  in 
time  this  will  be  clearly  brought  out.  Mr.  Evans  must  allow 
me  to  thank  him  most  cordially  for  the  admirable  address  he  has 
delivered,  which  has  really  placed  the  Bronze  Age  before  us  in 
the  most  vivid  manner,  and  I  am  very  glad  indeed  to  hear  him 
express  his  opinion  as  strongly  as  he  has  done  that  the  Bronze 
Period  does  belong  to  a  time  antecedent  to  the  advent  of  the 
Romans  to  this  country,  and  also,  that  the  bronze  implements 
are  not  due  to  the  influence  of  the  Phoenicians  or  any  other 
foreign  people  in  Britain,  but  were  manufactured  in  our  land, 


416  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

though  perhaps  we  may  not  say  that  they  entirely  originated  in 
Britain. 

H.  H.  Ho  WORTH,  Esq.  made  the  following  remarks  : — I 
should  have  hardly  ventured  to  address  the  meeting  if  a  paper 
which  I  read  before  the  Ethnological  Society  had  not  been 
referred  to.  Something  may,  I  think,  be  said  in  favour  of  the 
theory  which  has  perhaps  been  treated  too  cursorily  by  my 
friend  Mr.  Evans — the  Phoenician  theory.  I  believe  there  is 
no  archaeologist  who  has  survived  the  last  century  who  now 
argues  that  the  Phoenicians  had  any  art  of  their  own.  If  we 
examine  the  countries  where  the  Phoenician  influence"  existed, 
and  where  no  Greek  influence  afterwards  interfered,  such  as 
Sardinia  and  the  south  of  Spain,  we  find  an  entire  absence  of 
art  culture,  so  far  as  we  know,  in  the  remains.  All  that  remains 
of  the  Phoenician  theory,  as  held  in  the  last  century,  is  the  not 
unreasonable  position  that  the  Phoenicians  had  considerable 
knowledge  of  metallurgy,  and  a  good  deal  to  do  with  the  distri- 
bution of  bronze  in  the  old  world.  If  we  inquire  for  the  main 
source  of  tin  in  the  ancient  world,  we  shall  find  that  it  was 
derived  from  the  great  deposits  existing  in  the  north  of  Spain, 
which  are  described  in  the  transactions  of  the  Spanish  School  of 
Mines.  These  enormous  excavations,  especially  those  existing 
in  the  province  of  Gallicia  in  Spain,  and  Tras-os-Moiites  in 
the  north  of  Portugal,  of  which  I  have  some  personal  knowledge, 
are  large  enough  to  contain  all  the  little  ancient  tin-workings  of 
Cornwall.  We  know  from  classic  authorities  the  way  in  which  this 
tin  was  gradually  taken  across  Spain  along  the  river  Baetis  to 
Tarshish  and  the  other  Phoenician  colonies  on  the  coast  of  Spain. 
We  know  from  Homer  that  the  Phoenicians  in  his  day  were  the 
travelling  pedlars  who  supplied  the  Greeks  with  metallic  articles. 
Tyre  and  Sidon  are  constantly  referred  to  as  abounding  in  brass, 
and  the  view  of  those  who  hold  what  I  am  contending  for  is 
that  the  Phoenicians  probably  distributed  the  product  of  these 
mines  over  a  large  portion  of  the  ancient  world,  and  probably 
first  introduced  the  knowledge  of  the  more  obscure  and  difficult 
metallurgic  arts  among  the  very  barbarous  races  that  then 
peopled  the  Iberian  Peninsula,  where  these  mines  are  found — 
mines  worked  on  the  most  scientific  principles.  Remains  of  the 
original  Archimedean  screws,  wonderful  heaps  of  scoriae^  and  an 
admirable  system  of  drainage  still  exist,  showing  that  their 
metallurgic  art  was  much  advanced  ;  and  so  far  as  we  know  the 
Phoenicians  alone  had  colonies  at  this  early  date  in  Western 
Europe.  I  would  remark  that  this  influence  of  the  Phoenicians 
was  perhaps  not  felt  far  from  the  Mediterranean  border-land. 
We  find  curiously  enough  that  wherever  we  have  a  peculiar 


Jan.  23.]  SOCIETY  or  ANTIQUARIES.  417 

manufacture  of  bronze  implements,  where  the  remains  display 
idiosyncracies  which  we  can  discriminate,  we  also  find  sources 
of  tin.  Thus  tin  is  found  in  the  mountains  of  Wicklow,  and 
also  found  in  Cornwall,  and  to  a  large  extent  in  the  province  of 
Morbihan,  in  Brittany,  and  it  was  from  there  very  probably 
distributed  over  the  greater  portion  of  France. 

Now  with  regard  to  the  central  and  western  European  area 
I  would  suggest,  if  it  be  not  possible  to  divide  it  into  two. 
Putting  aside  Russia  and  the  East,  about  which  I  now  say 
little,  there  is,  first,  the  area  stretching  from  Etruria,  Styria, 
through  Central  Germany  to  Denmark,  and  which  seems  to 
contain  objects  of  a  much  more  advanced  period  of  workman- 
ship, and  also  having  a  common  feature  in  their  ornamentation. 
On  the  other  hand,  we  have  the  more  western  district,  Gaul, 
Britany,  and  Spain,  in  which  the  weapons  are  ruder,  and  do 
not  display  this  feature  of  ornamentation.  It  is  a  remarkable 
fact  that  in  the  Byzantine"  period,  at  all  events,  a  very  large 
trade  existed  from  the  borders  of  the  Baltic  through  Mecklen- 
burg and  Pomerania  to  Byzantium.  Amber  especially  was 
carried  along  that  route.  We  have  an  account  of  an  embassy 
that  was  sent  to  Theodoric,  with  a  very  large  lump  of  amber 
weighing  several  pounds,  which  travelled  along  this  route ; 
and  I  would  ask  Mr.  Evans,  who  is  much  more  experienced 
in  these  matters,  if  those  peculiar  things  found  in  Styria  and 
Mecklenburg,  described  by  Mr.  Westropp,  and  also  found 
in  Etruria,  and  which  I  fancy  will  be  found  also  in  Sardinia, 
when  some  one  works  that  extraordinary  area,  almost  un- 
touched by  Greek  and  by  Roman  influences,  do  not  point  to 
there  being  here  a  bronze  district  which  had  its  art  distributed 
from  one  centre.  We  have  in  Bohemia,  and  in  Saxony,  another 
source  of  tin  ;  old  mines  have  been  worked  there  since  the 
twelfth  century.  They  were  discovered  by  some  Cornish  miner, 
I  believe ;  the  st,ory  is  told  in  the  books,  and  I  have  an  indistinct 
recollection  of  having  seen  it  somewhere  stated  that  these  tin- 
mines  have  tracings  of  old  workings.  I  have  never  found  any 
one  to  tell  me  about  the  metallurgy  of  these  southern  provinces 
of  Austria,  in  which  this  tin  has  been  found,  but  it  is  strange 
that  this  very  province  of  bronze-art  should  be  the  centre  of 
another  source  of  tin. 

Now  the  suggestion  has  been  made,  that  this  peculiar  art 
was  derived  from  the  Etruscans  proper.  Not  the  Etruscans 
about  whom  Mr.  Dennis  and  other  persons  have  written,  who 
were  Etruscans  sophisticated  by  Greek  influence,  but  the  original 
Etruscans,  who  had  an  art  of  their  own,  before  the  Greeks 
had  any  influence  or  probably  had  any  colonies  in  Western 
Europe.  This  clue  deserves  working  out.  I  came  to  listen, 

VOL.  v.  2  E 


418  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

and  I  will  only  add  my  testimony  to  the  value  of  the  matter 
^  .  -i    ft    ^  *  f .        -..  ,1       i 

;>ut  before  us  to 

listening  to  my 


ana  i  win  oniy  aaa  my  testimony  u>  me   vaiue  ui  LUC  i 
that  has  been  put  before  us  to-night,  and  to  express  the  pleasure 
I  have  had  in  listening  to  my  friend  Mr.  Evans. 


AUGUSTUS  W.  FRANKS,  Esq.  Director,  made  the  following 
observations : — With  reference  to  the  Phoenicians,  it  seems  to 
me  singular  that  if  the  Phoenicians  supplied  any  of  the  northern 
or  western  nations  with  bronze  or  bronze  wares,  that  they  did 
not  supply  them  at  the  same  time  with  any  of  those  peculiar 
specimens  of  handicraft  for  which  they  were  renowned  ;  I  mean 
more  especially  those  very  remarkable  bronze  vessels  of  which  so 
large  a  number  have  been  found  in  Assyria,  the  whole  or  greater 
part  of  which,  I  venture  to  think,  are  of  Phoenician  workman- 
ship. They  have  the  peculiar  Phoenician  style,  a  sort  of  bastard 
Egyptian  style,  which  the  Phoenicans  seem  then  to  have  adopted, 
for,  not  having  any  pure  artistic  style  of  their  own,  they  adopted 
the  style  a  la  mode.  The  Egyptian,  when  these  were  made, 
was  one  of  the  great  artistic  styles,  and  therefore  they  were 
designed  in  that  style.  If  they  had  been  later,  they  would 
probably  have  been  made  in  a  bastard  Greek  style.  However, 
when  we  find  bronzes  so  widely  scattered  over  Europe,  I  do  not 
understand  why,  if  made  by  the  Phoenicians,  they  should  not 
be  mingled  with  these  ornamental  productions  which  have  been 
found  in  some  of  the  Italian  tombs.  It  seems  quite  unquestion- 
able that  the  greater  part  of  the  bronze  types  found  in  Britain 
were  made  in  this  country  ;  we  find  the  moulds,  the  imperfectly 
cast  weapons,  and  also  the  lumps  of  pure  copper  from  which 
they  were  made,  and  it  is  therefore  absolutely  certain  that  the 
ancient  brass  founders  were  using  tin  on  the  spot  at  the  time 
that  they  made  the  implements.  It  scarcely  seems  possible  that 
the  metal  was  introduced  here,  as  it  was  perhaps  in  the  time  of 
Ca?sar,  in  the  state  of  ces  importatum,  but  was  really  manu- 
factured on  the  spot,  and  probably  from  native  materials.  With 
regard  to  the  passage  in  Caesar,  I  would  venture  to  suggest  that 
as  at  that  time  bronze  implements  were  generally  out  of  use, 
it  was  the  brass  ware,  such  as  caldrons,  &c.,  which  would 
probably  be  imported  from  Gaul  or  Rome,  or  some  country 
where  they  were  made  more  perfectly  than  in  Britain. 

Mr.  EVANS  observed  :  In  conclusion,  I  think  I  have  not  very 
much  to  which  to  reply.  The  only  matter  on  which  I  need  say 
a  few  words  is  as  to  what  has  fallen  from  Mr.  Ho  worth,  and  I 
must  confess  I  feel  that  the  question  of  foreign  bronze,  and  the 
influence  that  the  Phoenicians  might  have  exerted  on  the  trade 
in  bronze  throughout  Europe,  is  too  large  for  me  to  enter  upon 
this  evening ;  but  1  quite  agree  with  him  that  bronze  antiquities 


Jan.  23.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  419 

may  be  classed  under  different  districts,  each  of  which  is  charac- 
terised by  certain  peculiarities — you  may  take  the  Hungarian 
area,  the  North  German,  the  South  German,  the  Scandinavian, 
the  British,  Irish,  and  French,  the  South  French,  and  Italian — 
and  in  all  those  you  will  find  the  implements  present  some  new 
features.  The  very  fact  of  their  being  different  in  different 
districts,  whatever  the  original  cause  of  the  presence  of  bronze 
in  each,  shows  that  it  could  not  all  have  been  supplied  from  one 
common  source.  I  am  therefore  glad  that  Mr.  Howorth  limits 
his  remarks  to  Phoenician  commerce  in  tin.  I  think  we  may  all 
go  with  him  in  thinking  that  the  tin  along  the  shores  of  the 
Mediterranean,  and  throughout  what  was  the  civilized  world,  must 
have  been  derived  through  their  commerce,  and  in  all  pro- 
bability the  trade  in  tin  with  this  country  was  to  some  extent 
developed  in  eonsequence  of  their  intercourse ;  but  at  the  same 
time  I  do  not  think  that  it  at  all  follows  that  they  had  any 
important  influence  on  the  shape  and  character  of  the  weapons 
which  we  know  to  have  been  manufactured  in  this  country.  In 
South  Germany,  where  wre  come  in  contact  with  Italy,  we  find 
that  at  a  very  early  period  the  manufacture  of  bronze  must  have 
been  carried  on,  exhibiting  great  skill  and  great  mechanical 
appliances,  inasmuch  as  someof  the  objects  are  made  of  rolled  brass, 
•which  would  imply  an  amount  of  mechanical  knowledge  such  as 
we  should  hardly  have  assigned  to  three  or  four  centuries  before 
our  era.  The  probability,  however,  in  that  case  appears  to  be 
that  these  articles  were  manufactured  by  Etruscans  rather  than 
Phoenicians,  as  the  character  of  the  ornaments  on  some  of  the 
vessels  is  rather  more  in  accordance  with  the  Etruscan  than  the 
Phoenician  style  of  art. 

Those  peculiar  carriages  with  figures  upon  them  are  certainly 
very  remarkable  objects,  and  it  is  a  matter  of  difficulty  to  ac- 
count for  their  presence  at  points  so  far  remote  the  one  from  the 
other ;  but  it"  is  barely  possible  that,  inasmuch  as  they  are  of 
such  rare  occurrence,  they  might  have  been  brought  from  a 
distance  by  travellers  who  purchased  them  from  religious  motives, 
and  that  in  consequence  of  the  reverence  in  which  they  were  held 
they  were  buried  with  the  urns.  I  do  not  think  that  this  mere 
isolated  occurrence  proves  any  close  connection  between  one 
country  and  another. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  to  Mr.  Evans  for  his 
address. 


2  E  2 


420  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

Thursday,  January  30th,  1873. 
EARL  STANHOPE,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  E.  Peacock,  Esq.  F.S.A.  — 

1.  Europae  sen  Chartae  Itinerariae  quo  pacto  intelligi  debeat,. Summaria 
instructio  unacum  indice.    4  to.  1527. 

2.  Instructions  and  Directions  given  by  His  Majesty  under  His  great  Scale 
to  the  Master  and  Counsaile  of  the  Court  of  Wards  and  LiuBries.    4to. 
London,  1610. 

3.  A  Manifestation  of  the  Motives  whereupon  the  Archbishop  of  Spalato 
(in  the  Territorie  of  Venice)  undertooke  his  departure  thence.   4to.   London, 
1616. 

4.  Articles  of  Peace  and  Alliance  between  Charles  II.  of  England,  and 
Frederick  III.  of  Denmark  and  Norway.    Also,  Articles  Touching  Naviga- 
tion and  Commerce  between  Charles  II.  and  the  States  General  of  the  United 
Netherlands.    4to.     Savoy,  1667. 

5.  The  Life  and  Death  of  Sir  Francis  Drake.    By  Samuel  Clark.    4to. 
London,  1671. 

6.  Mementos  to  the  World.    By  W.  G.,  Minister  of  the  Gospel.    Likewise, 
Stella  Nova  ;  or  the  New  Star.    By  William  Knight,  Student  in  Astrology. 
4to.     London-Bridge,  1680. 

7.  A  Breviate  of  the  Life  of  Margaret,  wife  of  Richard  Baxter.     4to. 
London,  1681. 

8.  A  Letter  concerning  Bishop  Lake's  Declaration  of  his  Belief  of  the 
Doctrine  of  Passive  Obedience  in  the  Church  of  England.     4  to.    London, 
1689. 

9.  Historica  Descriptio  complectens  vitam   ac  res  gestas  beatissimi   viri 
Gulielmi  Wicami  quondam  Vintoniensis  Episcopi.     4to.     Oxford,  1690. 

10.  The   Case   concerning  setting    up    Images  or   Painting  of    them  in 
Churches.     12mo.     London,  1714. 

11.  An  Historical  Account  of  Lincoln,  with  a  list  of  remarkable  occur- 
rences.    8vo.     Lincoln,  1805. 

12.  Mr.  Blore's  Statement  of  a  Correspondence  with  Richard  Phillips,  Esq. 
respecting  the  Antiquary's  Magazine.     8vo.     Stamford,  1807. 

From  the  Royal  Lombardic  Institute  of  Science  and  Literature  : — 

1.  Memorie.    Vol.  XI.    II  della  serie  III.    Fascicolo  II.  -  Folio.     Milan, 
1869. 

2.  Rendiconti.     Serie  II.     Vol.  II.    Fasc.  11—16.     8vo.    Milan,  1869. 
From  the  Author  : — The  Fraternity  of  the  Assumption  of  the  Blessed  Virgin 

Mary  at  Hythe.    By  H.  B.  Mackeson,  F.G.S.     8vo.    London,  1873. 

From  the  London  Institution  : — Journal.     No.  18.     Vol.  III.     8vo.    London, 
1873. 

Francis  Cook,  Esq.  was  admitted  a  Fellow. 

The  exhibition  of  Bronze  Weapons  and  Implements  remained 
open. 


Jan.  30.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  421 

A.  W.  FRANKS,  Esq.  Director,  read  to  the  Society  a  com- 
munication respecting  the  bronze  implements  and  weapons  which 
have  been  from  time  to  time  brought  to  light  in  Eastern  coun- 
tries, and  exhibited  drawings  of  such  implements  as  had  come 
under  his  notice.  The  following  is  an  outline  of  this  communica- 
tion : — 

The  bronze  implements  and  weapons  of  Egypt  were  first 
noticed ;  as  well  as  the  early  use  of  iron  in  that  country,  and  the 
peculiar  forms  of  the  swords,  daggers,  axes,  and  other  imple- 
ments of  bronze,  especial  attention  being  directed  to  the  bronze 
axe  with  a  royal  name,  exhibited  by  the  Rev.  W.  Sparrow 
Simpson. 

Next,  the  bronze  implements  and  weapons  from  Cyprus, 
chiefly  brought  to  light  by  the  researches  of  Mr.  Lang  and 
General  di  Cesnola,  good  specimens  of  which  were  exhibited  by 
Colonel  Lane^Fox. 

The  objects  of  a  similar  nature  found  in  the  island  of,  Rhodes 
were  then  described,  especially  those  from  the  excavations  at 
lalysus,  made  at  the  expense  of  Professor  Ruskin. 

Going  further  East  attention  was  called  to  the  great  discovery 
of  bronze  arrow-heads  in  the  plains  of  the  Caucasus,  of  the  same 
form  as  those  found  by  Mr.  Newton  in  the  island  of  Calymnos. 
The  remarkable  specimens  were  next  described  which  had  been 
discovered  by  Mr.  Layard  at  Nineveh,  where,  however,  most  of 
the  arms  and  implements  were  of  iron.  The  discoveries  in 
Persian  tombs  were  also  commented  upon,  and  the  few  spe- 
cimens discovered  in  Siberia. 

Especial  attention  was,  however,  called  to  the  fine  series  of 
copper  implements  from  India,  exhibited  by  Captain  A.  Bloom- 
field,  which  appeared  to  be  the  most  important  discovery  of  this 
nature  made  in  the  Indian  peninsula.  A  few  other  Indian 
examples  are  known,  of  which  drawings  were  exhibited. 

After  a  brief  review  of  the  bronze  implements  of  Birmah, 
Java,  and  China,  Mr  Franks  concluded  by  announcing  his 
intention  of  subdividing  his  present  communication  into  several 
sections,  so  as  to  be  able  to  enter  more  fully  into  the  peculiarities 
of  Oriental  arms  and  implements  of  bronze,  and  also  to  con- 
sider the  question  of  their  age,  which,  from  the  scantiness  and 
disjointed  state  of  the  materials,  was  fall  of  difficulties. 

A  discussion  ensued,  in  which  John  Evans,  Esq.  F.R.  S.  F.  S.  A., 
Col.  A.  H.  Lane  Fox,  V.P.,  and  J.  C.  Robinson,  Esq.  F.S.A., 
took  part. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  to  Mr.  Franks  for  his 
communication,  to  the  various  exhibitors  for  the  objects  which 
they  had  so  kindly  confided  to  the  care  of  the  Society  for  exhi- 


422  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

bition,  to  the  Royal  Archaeological  Institute,  the  Society  of  Arts, 
and  Messrs.  Wilkinson  and  Sotheby  for  the  loan  of  glass  cases, 
to  Mr.  Gay  for  his  valuable  aid  in  arranging  the  bronze  objects, 
and  to  the  Secretary  for  the  great  trouble  he  had  taken  in 
bringing  those  objects  together,  and  in  organising  the  exhi- 
bition. 

The  following  is  a  catalogue  of  the  objects  exhibited,  arranged 
under  the  names  of  the  various  exhibitors,  and  divided  into  the 
two  classes  of — I.  British  Islands ;  and  II.  Foreign  Countries. 


BRITISH  ISLANDS. 

BATH  ROYAL  LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INSTITUTION. — Two 
flat  celts,  six  palstaves  (two  with  loops),  and  six  socket-celts, 
chiefly  from  Essex  and  Cambridgeshire ;  a  spear-head  found  on . 
Banner  Down  near  Bath ;  a  long  dagger  blade,  found  in  1818, 
at  Midsomer  Norton,  Somersetshire. 

BODMIN  MUSEUM  (through  T.  Q.  Couch,  Esq.  F.S.A.)— A 
looped  palstave,  from  Bodmin ;  a  socket-celt  without  loop,  but 
with  rivet-holes,  found  in  tin  works  opposite  Cotton  Wood, 
Cornwall. 

ROYAL  INSTITUTE  OF  CORNWALL  (through  Nicholas  Whitley, 
Esq.).  —  Flat  celt,  found  with  two  gold  gorgets  at  Harlyn, 
Cornwall;  see  Journal  of  the  Royal  Institution  of  Cornwall, 
No.  6 ;  a  socket-celt  of  French  type  found  at  Newlyn,  Corn- 
wall ;  two  daggers  (from  Pelynt)  and  an  armlet,  also  a  pair  of 
plain  massive  armlets  and  a  large  agate  bead,  found  together  in 
a  tumulus  near  Peninnis  Head  in  the  Scilly  Islands;  see  Archaa- 
ological  Journal,  ix.  96.  Borlase,  Na3iiia  Cornubiae,  p.  162. 

ROYAL  IRISH  ACADEMY. — A  palstave  with  two  loops,  found 
in  Ireland,  and  presented  to  the  Academy  by  Lord  Talbot  de 
Malahide;  see  Archaeological  Journal,  ix.  194,  Wilde's  Catalogue 
of  the  Royal  Irish  Academy,  p.  382. 

SHREWSBURY  MUSEUM. — A  palstave,  two  imperfect  spear- 
heads (one  with  rivet  holes,  the  other  with  openings  in  the 
blade),  two  cylindrical  ferules,  and  the  end  of  a  sword-scabbard 
(Plate  III.  fi'g.  12,  Plate  II.  fig.  9),  all  found,  together  with 
others  exhibited  by  Earl  Powis,  at  Pool  Quay,  near  Guilsfield, 
Montgomeryshire.  See  Proceedings,  2d  S.  ii.  250,  where  they 
are  engraved,  and  also  Archa3ologia  Cambrensis,  3d  S.  x.  212. 
A  socket-celt  without  locality. 


Jan.  30.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  423 

SUFFOLK  INSTITUTE  OF  ARCHEOLOGY. — A  leaf-shaped  sword, 
26  J  in.  long,  found  with  another  at  Barrow,  Suffolk ;  a  long 
dagger  (rapier  shape),  found  at  Lakenheath,  Suffolk. 

SUSSEX  ARCHAEOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. — A  hoard  consisting  of 
twelve  palstaves  with  loops,  fifteen  socket-celts,  a  bronze  mould 
for  a  socket-celt,  two  fragments  of  a  sword,  and  two  pieces  of 
metal ;  found  at  Wilmington,  Sussex ;  engraved  in  Sussex 
Archaeological  Collections,  xiv.  171.  Five  palstaves,  all  alike, 
found  in  1856  at  Little  London,  in  the  parish  of  Waldron, 
Sussex ;  see  Sussex  Archaeological  Collections,  ix.  366,  where 
one  of  them  is  figured. 

SWANSEA  MUSEUM. — A  flat  celt,  three  palstaves  (one  looped), 

two  socket-celts,  and  a  leaf-shaped  sword. 

\ 

WARRINGTON  FREE  MUSEUM  (through  Dr.  Kendrick). — Five 
socket-celts  and  two  spear-heads,  found  at  Winmarlay,  near 
Garstang,  Lancashire.  (See  Journal  of  the  British  Archaeo- 
logical Association,  xv.  234,  pi.  24.)  Socket-celt,  much  orna- 
mented, found  at  Winwick,  engraved  in  the  Journal  of  the 
British  Archaeological  Association,  xv.  PI.  24.  fig.  7  ;  knife 
with  tang  and  rivet  hole,  found  with  a  pierced  stone  axe  in  a 
barrow  at  Winwick.  (Journal  of  the  British  Archaeological 
Association,  xvi.  295,  pi.  25,  fig.  9.)  Flat  celt,  Risby  ;  palstave, 
Lachford;  flat  celt,  Grappenhall;  all  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Warrington.  Bead  of  deep  blue  glass  and  bronze  ring,  found 
together  in  a  tumulus  in  Wales.  Dagger  from  co.  Tyrone, 
Ireland. 

Rev.  E.  L.  BARNWELL. — A  hoard  consisting  of  thirty-five 
spear-heads  and  fragments,  chiefly  of  the  barbed  type,  six  ferules, 
five  fragments  of  swords,  part  of  a  spud-like  implement,  two 
belt  fasteners,  and  part  of  an  armlet,  found  at  Broadward,  near 
Lentwardine,  Salop;  see  Archaeologia  Cambrensis,  4th  S.  iii. 
338.  Journal  of  British  Archaeological  Association,  xxiv.  64. 

WILLIAM  BEAMONT,  Esq. — A  spear-head  from  a  gravel  pit  at 
Beechton,  near  Warrington,  Lancashire. 

Rev.  JAMES  BECK. — Three  flat  celts,  seven  palstaves  (one 
with  loop),  two  socket-celts  ;  of  these  a  narrow  palstave  was 
found  at  Warburtoii  Down,  near  Bignor,  Sussex,  and  a  palstave 
with  loop,  at  Pulborough,  Sussex. 

J.  R.  BLAGDEN,  Esq  — Two  palstaves,  and  one  socket-celt, 
found  at  Billingshurst,  in  Sussex. 


424 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 


[1873, 


M.  H.  BLOXAM,  Esq.  F.S.A. — Two  flat  celts,  one  palstave, 
three  socket-celts,  two  daggers,  one  socket-knife,  one  short 
sword  ;  all  from  Ireland. 

Major  BUNNY. — A  spear-head  with  loops  at  lower  end  of  the 
blade,  and  a  large  barbed  spear-head,  found  in  the  peat  at  Speen, 
Berks.  See  Journal  of  British  Archaeological  Association,  xvi. 
.322,  pi.  26.  (PL  III.  fig.  11.) 

T.  Q.  COUCH,  Esq.  F  S.A.— A  flat  celt  (Boconnoc)  and  a 
dagger-blade  from  Cornwall ;  and  a  socket-knife  and  small 
chisel  with  tang  from  Ireland. 

ROBERT  DAY,  Esq.  F.S.A. — A  series  illustrating  the  leading 
types  of  bronze  implements  from  Ireland,  consisting  of  fifteen 
flat  celts  (one  of  copper),  some  of  them  ornamented  with  en- 
graved lines,  six  flanged  celts,  twenty  palstaves  (four  with  loops), 
half  of  a  stone  mould  for  casting  palstaves,  thirteen  socket-celts, 
two  celts  or  chisels  with  projections  at  the  sides,  two  celts  with 
blades  at  right  angles  to  handle,  two  tanged  chisels,  three  gouges, 
two  leaf-shaped  swords,  four  rapiers,  eight  knives  or  daggers, 
one  socket-knife,  thirteen  spear-heads  of  various  types,  and  one 
mace-head. 

JOHN  EVANS,  Esq.  F.R.S.  F.S.A.— A  hoard  from  the  Isle  of 
Harty,  Kent,  consisting  of  the  following  objects,  some  of  which 
are  of  great  rarity  : — Two  and  a  half  pair  of  bronze  moulds  for 
socket-celts,  twelve  socket-celts,  and  three  fragments,  some  of 
the  celts  having  been  cast  in  the  moulds ;  a  bronze  gouge 
mould,  the  only  one  hitherto  noticed,  two  gouges,  two  quadran- 
gular Rocket-hammers,  two  pickers,  probably  used  to  remove 
the  cores  from  socket-celts,  a  knife  blade  of  the  usual  type,  a 
one-sided  knife-blade  with  tang,  a  cylindrical  ornament  for  a 
sword-belt  (?),  fragment  of  an  armlet  or  sword-chape,  a  disc- 
like  object,  perhaps  a  jet  from  a  mould,  two  fragments  of  rough 
copper,  and  a  whetstone. 

A  hoard  found  in  Reach  Fen,  Burwell,  Cambridgeshire,  con- 
sisting of  nine  socket-celts,  one  small  socket-celt  or  chisel  without 
loop,  a  tanged  chisel,  two  awls  or  narrow  chisels,  three  gouges, 
three  spear-heads  with  rivet  holes,  three  knives  (one  with  socket), 
a  leaf-shaped  knife-blade,  a  socket-hammer,  two  rings,  two 
buttons,  mounting  of  a  dagger,  sword-chape,  two  belt  orna- 
ments, three  fragments  of  a  leaf-shaped  sword,  and  eighteen 
miscellaneous  fragments.  Engravings  of  these  objects  will 
appear  in  the  Quarterly  Journal  of  the  Suffolk  Institute. 

A  socket-celt,  spear-head  with  rivet  holes,  penannular  ring, 


Jan.  30.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  425 

and  fragment  of  copper,  found  together  in  Burwell  Fen,  Cam- 
bridgeshire ;  a  socket- celt,  tanged  chisel,  gouge,  socket-knife 
and  double-edged  knife  or  razor,  found  together  at  Wallingford, 
Berks. 

Ten  flat  celts,  some  of  them  ornamented,  from  England, 
Scotland,  and  Ireland ;  eight  palstaves  found  in  England,  two 
of  them  unusually  narrow ;  six  socket-celts  from  the  south-east 
of  England ;  a  very  long  gouge  from  Undley,  near  Lakenheath, 
Suffolk  ;  a  sickle  found  in  the  Thames  ;  two  tanged  chisels  from 
Ireland  ;  two  spear-heads  with  tangs  (Arreton  Down  type),  from 
Burwell  Fen,  Cambridgeshire,  and  Matlock,  Derbyshire  :  six 
spear- heads  (one  of  them  of  unusual  length  from  Lurgan,  co. 
Antrim,  see  Plate  III.  fig.  10) ;  a  leaf-shaped  sword  found  in  the 
Thames  ;  two  rapier-shaped  swords  ;  four  knives  or  daggers  ;  a 
socket-knife  from  Walthamstow,  Essex ;  a  singular  knife  with 
overlapping  sides  and  rivet-hole  found  in  Reach  Fen,  Cambridge- 
shire ;  a  very  broad  blade-,  probably  set  as  a  halbert,  from  the 
county  of  Cavan ;  a  stone  mould  for  flat  celts  from  Ballymena, 
co.  Antrim ;  and  a  stone  mould  for  a  knife  from  Ballymoney, 
in  the  same  county. 

J.  W.  FLOWER,  Esq.  F.  G.  S. — Two  leaf-shaped  swords,  and 
three  spear-heads,  all  broken ;  found  together  on  the  banks  of 
the  river  Wissey,  near  Stoke  Ferry,  Norfolk. 

C.  DRURY  E.  FORTNUM,  Esq.  F.S.A. — A  socket-celt,  leaf- 
shaped  sword,  and  dagger  found  together  in  the  Thames,  near 
Erith ;  a  leaf-shaped  sword  from  the  Thames,  off  Runnymede, 
and  a  spear-head  from  the  Thames  near  the  Tower.  Two  flat 
celts,  one  palstave,  and  two  socket-celts,  all  from  Ireland. 

J.  M.  FOSTER,  Esq. — A  palstave,  one  of  a  number  of  bronze 
implements,  about  1J  cwt.  in  weight,  sold  by  a  peasant  to  a 
brass-founder  at  Shrewsbury  in  1858,  and  melted.* 

Col.  A.  H.  LANE  Fox,  V.P. — Two  swords  (one,  rapier  type) 
and  a  palstave  with  notched  edges  and  engraved  ornaments  on 
the  sides,  from  the  Thames ;  a  socket-knife  from  Highdown, 
Sussex  (Archgeologia,  xlii.  plate  viii.  fig.  22)  ;  and  a  fine  series 
from  Ireland,  consisting  of  four  flat  celts  (two  of  copper),  three 
flanged  celts,  two  palstaves  with  blades  at  right  angles  to  handle, 
three  celts  or  chisels  with  projecting  ears,  three  socket-celts,  two 
chisels  (one  with  tang),  two  gouges,  one  punch,  two  swords, 
two  daggers,  two  broad  daggers  or  halbert-heads,  one  socket- 

*  This  palstave  has  been  since  presented  to  the  British  Museum. 


426  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

knife,  nine  spear-heads  of  various  forms,  a  remarkable  spear- 
head from  Lough  Gur,  co.  Limerick,  with  a  plate  of  gold  round 
the  socket,  and  a  bog  oak  stem  (see  Proceedings,  2d  S.  iv.  196), 
one  ferule,  and  one  double-edge  knife  or  razor. 

A.  W.  FRANKS,  Esq.  Director. — A  spear-head  and  dagger 
found  at  Walthamstow,  Essex.  A  circular  bronze  shield  found 
about  1804  in  a  turbary  called  Rhyd-y-Gorse,  near  Aberystwith, 
Cardiganshire,  engraved  in  the  Archaeologia,  xxii.  pi.  xiii. 
fig.  1,  and  in  Skelton's  Antient  Armour,  I.  pi.  xlvii.  figs.  5,  6. 
A  similar  shield  found  in  1784  in  a  peat-moss  at  Moel  Siabod 
near  Capel  Curig,  Caernarvonshire.  Both  these  shields  are 
from  the  Meyrick  Collection.* 

Rev.  WILLIAM  GREENWELL,  F.S.A. — Portion  of  the  antiqui- 
ties discovered  in  a  cave  at  Heathery  Burn  near  Stanhope, 
co.  Durham  (see  Proceedings  2d  S.  ii.  127,  Archaeological 
Journal  xix.  358,)  all  of  the  Bronze  Period,  and  consisting  of 
the  following  objects :  Three  socket-celts,  two  gouges,  a  socket- 
chisel,  a  small  picker,  two  knives  (one  socketed),  a  double-bladed 
knife  or  razor,  four  bronze  spear-heads,  two  bronze  armlets  of 
thin  wire,  a  finger-ring  (?),  seven  pins  with  disc-like  heads, 
varying  from  5^  to  3  inches  in  length,  a  cylindrical  object  sup- 
posed to  be  an  armlet,  a  disc  5J  inches  in  diameter,  with  a 
central  hole,  and  four  loops  at  the  back  (see,  for  these  two 
objects,  Proceedings,  2d  S.  iii.  236),  a  gold  armlet,  and  a 
peculiar  ornament  of  the  same  metal,  perhaps  an  ear-ring.  See 
a  similar  one  in  Archaeological  Journal,  xiii.  295. 

A  flat  celt,  bronze  knife  or  dagger,  an  awl  and  two  flint 
implements  found  with  an  unburnt  body,  in  a  barrow  at  But- 
terwick  ;  a  dagger  with  bone  pommel  found  with  an  unburnt 
body  in  a  barrow  at  Helderthorpe ;  a  dagger,  a  flint  rounded 
implement  like  a  scraper,  and  a  half  nodule  of  pyrites,  found 
with  an  unburnt  body  in  a  barrow  at  Rudston ;  all  in  the  East 
Riding  of  Yorkshire  ;  the  last  two  objects  are  engraved  in  Evans, 
Ancient  Stone  Implements  of  England,  p.  284  ;  a  flat  celt,  three 
palstaves,  and  three  socket-celts  from  Yorkshire ;  a  pair  of 
bronze  moulds  for  casting  palstaves  found  with  a  larger  number 
of  palstaves  at  Hotham  Carr,  Yorkshire ;  a  palstave,  a  narrow 
palstave  or  chisel,  with  the  blade  at  right  angles  to  the  handle, 
from  Cumberland ;  a  socket-celt  from  Simonburn,  Northumber- 
land ;  a  broad  blade  from  Harbyrnrig,  Westmoreland ;  a  flat 
celt  from  Caerphilly,  Glamorganshire;  a  looped  palstave  from 
Ubbeston,  Suffolk  ;  a  flanged  celt  from  March,  Cambridgeshire  ; 

*  They  have  since  been  presented  by  Mr.  Franks  to  the  British  Museum. 


Jan.  30.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  427 

a  spearhead  from  the  Thames  ;  and  a  very  remarkable  spear- 
head found  at  Arreton  Down,  in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  sold  without 
locality  at  the  sale  of  Mr.  Purnell's  Collection,  and  identified  by 
means  of  a  drawing  in  the  Society's  collections,  made  in  1737. 
It  is  engraved  in  the  Archgeologia,  xxxvi.  pi.  xxv.  fig.  3. 

A  spearhead  of  unusual  form  from  Kilgraston,  Perthshire ; 
two  leaf- shaped  swords,  one  found  at  Brechin,  the  other  at 
Leuchland,  Angus. 

A  small  socket-celt,  with  numerous  ribs  inside,  probably  to 
give  greater  stay  to  the  handle,  found  in  county  Meath ;  a 
gouge  from  the  county  Antrim ;  a  sickle  from  G-arvagh,  co. 
Derry;  a  knife  with  raised  rib  on  the  tang,  length  65  in., 
from  Ballynascreen,  co.  Tyrone  ;  a  spearhead  with  loops,  New- 
town  Crommolin,  co.  Antrim ;  a  broad  blade,  with  numerous 
longitudinal  ribs,  from  Newtown  Limavady,  co.  Derry.  A  fine 
spearhead  in  a  remarkable  state  of  preservation  from  Knockane, 
co.  Derry,  and  a  pair  of  stone  moulds  for  casting  a  spearhead 
from  Maghera,  co.  Derry;  a  leaf-shaped  sword  from  Strabane, 
co.  Tyrone;  and  a  singular  blade  with  a  lozenge  section,  a  rivet- 
hole  in  the  tang,  and  a  ferule  fitting  over  it ;  length  of  blade 
18 J  inches,  of  ferule  2f  inches.  It  was  found  at  Raphoe, 
co.  Donegal.  An  instrument  of  the  same  kind  is  deposited  in 
the  Museum  of  the  Royal  Irish  Academy. 

JOHN  HENDERSON,  Esq.  F.S.A. — Two  socketed  celts  and 
three  spearheads  ;  one  of  the  latter  is  remarkable  in  having  rivet- 
holes  in  the  shaft,  as  well  as  piercings  or  loops  connected  with 
the  lower  part  of  the  blade.  It  has  since  been  presented  to  the 
British  Museum. 

SIR  ALEXANDER  ACLAND  HOOD,  Bart.  M.P. — A  hoard  dis- 
covered together  in  stiff  clay  in  the  space  of  a  foot  cube,  two 
feet  below  the  surface,  whilst  draining  a  field  at  Wick  Park  in 
the  parish  of  Stogursey,  Somerset.*  It  consists  of  the  follow- 
ing objects  : — Two  palstaves,  twenty-seven  socket-celts,  some 
of  an  oval,  some  of  a  square  section  (Plate  I.  fig.  3),  thirty- 
nine  fragments  of  socket-celts,  two  gouges,  two  daggers  or 
knives,  twenty-one  fragments  of  leaf-shaped  swords,  end  of 
sword-scabbard  (Plate  II.  fig.  8),  twelve  spear-heads  with  rivet- 
holes,  and  a  few  fragments,  portion  of  a  barbed  spear-head, 
fifteen  jets  from  the  necks  of  celt-moulds  (see  woodcuts,  p.  409), 
of  which  six  had  four  projections,  three,  two  projections,  and 
six,  one  projection,  a  circular  cake  of  bronze,  and  some  frag- 

*  There  were  no,  signs  of  other  bronzes,  or  of  charcoal,  or  tumuli  near  the 
place.  Small  deposits  of  copper  are  found  in  the  neighbourhood.  Two  miles  to 
the  south  is  a  camp,  Donsboro'  Castle. 


428  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

merits,  a  cake  of  copper,  and  eleven  fragments.     Several  of  the 
celts  showed  imperfections  in  casting. 

REV.  THOMAS  HUGO,  F.S.A. — Three  flat  celts,  two  palstaves, 
one  of  them  with  the  blade  at  right  angles  to  the  handle,  and  a 
palstave  with  two  loops ;  all  found  in  Ireland. 

DR.  JAMES  KENDRICK. — Palstave  and  flat  ring  found  toge- 
ther at  Newton,  near  Warrington,  Lancashire ;  engraved  in 
the  Journal  of  the  British  Archaeological  Association,  xv.  pi.  25, 
p.  236.  Flat  celt  found  at  Rixton,  near  Warrington. 

Kev.  JOHN  KNOWLES,  F.S.A.— Three  socket-celts,  found 
together  at  Felsted,  Essex.  Five  socket-celts,  three  fragments, 
and  portions  of  copper  cakes,  found  (with  numerous  other 
specimens)  at  Panfield,  Essex. 

THOMAS  LAYTON,  Esq.  F.S.A. — A  large  series  of  objects  found 
in  the  Thames,  chiefly  near  Kew,  comprising  the  following 
specimens:  a  flanged  celt  (Plate  I.  fig.  1),  three  palstaves  (one 
with  loop),  two  socket-celts,  of  which  one  is  much  ornamented 
(Plate  I.  fig.  4),  six  spear-heads  of  various  types,  twelve  leaf- 
shaped  swords,  varying  in  length  from  22  to  28  inches,  attached 
to  one  of  them  is  the  bronze  scabbard -end  (Plate  II.  fig.  7),  two 
similar  scabbard-ends,  of  which  one  is  remarkable  for  having  no 
rivet-holes  to  attach  it  to  the  scabbard ;  a  leaf-shaped  sword 
19|  in.  long,  terminating  at  the  handle  end  like  a  dagger-blade  ; 
the  tang  seems  however  to  have  been  elongated  by  casting  on 
some  additional  metal,  through  wrhich  are  passed  four  rivets; 
the  lower  end  of  a  leaf-shaped  sword,  turned  anciently  into  a 
knife,  by  blunting  the  edge  down  the  upper  part,  and  making  a 
hole  for  a  rivet  through  the  blade ;  a  similar  adapted  knife  was 
found  in  the  hoard  of  bronze  discovered  at  Dowris,  King's 
County,  Ireland,  and  is  now  in  the  British  Museum  ;  nine  dagger 
or  sword  blades  (rapier  type),  with  two  rivet  holes  in  each; 
length  7|  to  18|  inches  ;  a  circular  plate  with  concentric  raised 
bands,  11  inches  in  diameter,  a  convex  plate  with  a  central 
button  6$  inches  in  diameter,  and  a  fragment  embossed,  perhaps 
part  of  a  shield.  These  last  three  objects  may  not  be  of  the 
Bronze  Period  properly  so  called. 

A  palstave  with  loop,  found  at  Richmond  Hill ;  six  socket- 
celts,  a  palstave,  a  gouge,  two  spear-heads,  a  fragment  of  a 
sword  blade,  and  a  pin  with  large  globular  head,  found  (together 
with  other  objects  of  the  same  kind)  at  Hounslow.  See  Proceed- 
ings, 2d  S.  iii.  90. 


PLATE  IV. 


To  face  page  429. 


16.    SPEAR-HEAD. 


15.    SPEAR-HEAD. 


14.    SWORD. 


13.    SWORD-BLADE. 


17.   SPEAR-HEAD. 


BRONZE  WEAPONS,  FROM  NORTHUMBERLAND. 

Scale  i. 


Jan  30.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  429 

JOHN  LUNN,  Esq. — Palstave  with  loop,  found  in  the  Thames 
at  Hammersmith. 

SILAS  PALMER,  Esq.  M.D.  F.S.  A.— Spear-head  with  tang  of 
the  Arreton  Down  type  (compare  Archseologia,  xxvi.  pi.  xxv. 
fig.  4)  found  at  Newbury,  Berks ;  large  spear,  imperfect,  with 
loops  at  lower  end  of  blade,  from  the  Thames  at  Runnymede. 
These  two  specimens  are  engraved  in  the  Journal  of  the  British 
Archaeological  Association,  xvi.  pi.  26.  A  dagger  blade,  with 
two  rivets,  found  at  a  spot  called  England's  Battle,  near  Yatten- 
don,  Berks. 

The  EARL  OF  Powis. — Palstave  with  loop,  socket-celt,  spear- 
head with  openings  in  the  blade,  cylindrical  ferule  of  spear,  part 
of  a  sword  blade,  and  end  of  sword  sheath,  found  together  at 
Pool  Quay,  near  Guilsfield,  Montgomeryshire,  together  with 
the  objects  exhibited  by  the  Shrewsbury  Museum.  Engraved 
in  the  Archseologia  Cambrensis,  3rd  S.  x.  212,  and  in  the 
Transactions  of  the  Powys-land  Club,  iii.  415. 

T.  J.  PROVIS,  Esq. — Circular  bronze  shield  with  central  boss 
and  twenty-six  concentric  circles  of  raised  knobs,  with  inter- 
vening bands,  found,  in  1865,  at  Bagley,  in  the  parisjh  of  Hord- 
ley,  Salop.  See  Proceedings,  2nd  S.  iii.  200. 


LORD  RAYENSWORTH.  —  Five  weapons,  consisting  of  two 
swords,  and  three  spear-heads,  all  represented  in  the  accom- 
panying woodcuts  (Plate  IV.),  of  the  discovery  of  which  the 
following  account  has  been  furnished  by  the  exhibitor  :  — 

"  The  bronzes  were  found  by  some  workmen  when  digging 
drains  in  a  field  near  Thurston  Farin,  in  the  parish  of  Whit- 
tingham,  Northumberland.  The  spot  must  formerly  have  been 
a  quagmire,  and  is  supplied  with  a  copious  spring  of  water. 
The  arms  were  found  sticking  in  the  moss  with  the  points  down- 
wards, in  a  circle,  about  two  feet  below  the  surface,  perhaps  left 

thus  by  a  party  of  soldiers  who  had  halted  at  the  spring  and 
i  •     i  » >  & 

been  surprised. 

The  discovery  is  believed  to  have  taken  place  in  the  summer 
of  1847.  One  of  the  swords  is  engraved  in  Horaa  Ferales, 
pi.  ix.  fig.  3. 

J.  J.  ROGERS,  Esq. —  Dagger  blade,  nodule  of  iron  pyrites 
with  a  deep  incision,  probably  caused  by  its  employment  in 
striking  fire  with  flint,  and  fragment  of  an  urn,  all  found  to- 
gether in  a  barrow  at  Angrowse  Mullion,  Cornwall.  See 
Borlase,  Namia  Cornubiae,  p.  234-6,  where  the  dagger  blade  is 


430  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

engraved.  A  palstave  with  two  loops  found  in  1871  at  Pen- 
vores,  Mawgan,  Cornwall*  (Plate  I.  fig.  2)  ;  a  similar  palstave, 
of  which  the  loops  are  imperfect,  found  in  Cornwall ;  and  three 
palstaves  found  in  Cornwall,  a  socket  celt,  and  an  armlet. 

J.  ALLAN  KOLLS,  Esq.  F.S.A. — A  barbed  spear-head  found 
in  1856  in  the  parish  of  Pendoylan,  Glamorganshire.  See 
Archaeological  Journal,  xviii.  161. 

GEORGE  ROOTS,  Esq.  F.S.A. — Two  flat  celts,  three  palstaves 
with  loops,  three  socket-celts,  of  which  one  retains  a  portion  of 
the  wooden  handle,  three  spear-heads,  six  leaf-shaped  swords, 
one  rapier-like  sword,  and  two  ends  of  sword  sheaths,  all  found 
in  the  Thames.  Five  flat  celts,  six  palstaves  (one  with  loop), 
five  socket-celts,  and  six  spear-heads,  all  from  Ireland.  Three 
palstaves  from  Wales,  and  a  flat  celt  and  knife  from  Scotland. 

Eev.  W.  SPARROW  SIMPSON,  F.S.A. — The  two  halves  of  a 
bronze  mould  for  casting  socket-celts,  found  in  Norfolk.  A 
chape  of  a  sword-sheath  with  long  projections  on  each  side, 
found  in  the  Thames,  engraved  in  the  Journal  of  the  British 
Archaeological  Association,  xvii.  p.  321.  Two  palstaves  and  a 
socket-celt  found  in  England ;  three  socket-celts  (two  of  them 
very  small)  found  in  Ireland. 

W.  J.  BERNHARD  SMITH,  Esq. — Three  flat  celts,  two  palstaves 
(one  with  loop),  three  socket-celts,  from  Ireland.  A  large  broad 
blade,  found  in  Shropshire,  a  rare  type  in  England,  engraved  in 
the  Archaeological  Journal,  xi.  414,  and  xviii.  163  (see  Plate  II. 
fig.  5)  ;  a  dagger  with  two  large  rivets  found  in  the  Thames  at 
Kingston,  Archaeological  Journal,  xiv.  364  (Plate  II.  fig.  6). 
Five  spear-heads,  of  which  one  found  in  the  Thames  at  Cre- 
morne,  another  at  Abingdon,  Berks,  a  third  at  Littlemore, 
Oxon,  and  a  fourth  on  the  Wrekin,  Salop,  in  L835,  with  a 
hoard  of  such  objects  (see  Hartshorne,  Salopia  Antiqua,  p.  95). 
A  singular  quadrangular  instrument,  similar  to  one  found  near 
Windsor,  and  preserved  in  the  British  Museum ;  a  mace-head. 

LORD  TALBOT  DE  MALAHIDE,  F.S.A. — Four  flat  celts,  seven 
palstaves,  one  palstave  with  blade  at  right  angles  to  handle,  five 
socket-celts,  five  spearheads,  chiefly  found  in  Ireland.  A  pal- 
stave with  loop,  found  at  Harewood  Square,  London,  and  a 
singular  instrument,  a  chisel  or  lever,  of  quadrangular  section 
and  two  pierced  projections  at  the  sides,  found  in  a  barrow  at 

*  Since  presented  by  Mr.  Rogers  to.the  British  Museum. 


Jan.  30."]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  431 

Petty  cur,  Fifeshire  ;  the  latter  is  engraved  in  the  Archaeological 
Journal,  vi.  377,  and  in  Wilson's  Prehistoric  Annals,  i.  p.  386. 

JOHN  THURNAM,  Esq.,  M.D.,  F.S.A. — A  palstave  with  loop, 
from  Bolton  Percy,  near  York,  and  a  socket-celt,  found  with  a 
number  of  others  and  fragments  of  leaf-shaped  swords,  at  Drif- 
field,  Yorkshire.  A  dagger  blade  with  numerous  bronze  rivets, 
and  a  bone  pommel  found  at  Gorton,  Yorkshire. 

YEN.  ARCHDEACON  TROLLOPE,  F.S.A. — Two  imperfect  leaf- 
shaped  swords,  found  in  Billinghay  Fen,  near  Sleaford,  Lincoln- 
shire. One  of  them  is  engraved  in  The  Eeliquary,  iii.  p.  219. 

CHARLES  TUCKER,  Esq.  F.S.A. — A  barbed  spearhead  with 
bronze  rivet  and  part  of  the  ferule,  found  at  Bloody  Pool,  near 
South  Brent,  Devonshire.  See  Archaeological  Journal,  xii.  84  ; 
xviii.  161.  A  leaf-shaped  sword,  with  very  short  tang,  found  in 
East  Devon. 

RALPH  WESTROP,  Esq. — Three  flat  celts,  six  palstaves  (one 
with  loop),  two  socket-celts,  two  broad  daggers,  two  rapiers  or 
daggers,  and  one  leaf-shaped  sword ;  all  from  Ireland.  One  of 
the  celts  is  a  fine  specimen  with  engraved  lines,  and  diagonal 
bands  on  the  edges,  found  with  four  others  similar,  at  Glanworth, 
co.  Cork ;  the  others  were  destroyed. 


Battlefield,  Salop. 
Scale  £ 


SAMUEL  WOOD,  Esq.  F.S.A. — A  flat    celt,  two  palstaves,   a 
sickle-shaped  implement  (see  woodcut),  and  fragments  of  four 


432  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

others,  all  found  together  at  Battlefield  near  Shrewsbury ;  see 
Proceedings,  2d  S.  ii.  252.  Also  a  palstave  found  on  the  Wrekin, 
Salop. 

W.  E.  W.  WYNNE,  Esq.  F.S.A.—  A  circular  shield  found 
near  Harlech,  engraved  in  Horse  Ferales,  pi.  xi.  fig.  4 ;  Archaeor 
logical  Journal,  vii.  77.  A  socket-celt  found  on  the  borders  of 
Denbighshire  and  Shropshire,  Archaeological  Journ.  vii.  77. 


FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 

SUFFOLK  INSTITUTE. — A  leaf-shaped  sword,  with  its  bronze 
handle,  probably  German  ;  a  spear-head,  with  rivet  holes,  and 
two  small  holes  in  the  lower  part  of  the  blade,  stated  to  have 
been  found  at  Icklingham,  Suffolk,  but  probably  Italian. 

REV.  THOMAS  BACON. — A  celt,  probably  Italian. 

REV.  JAMES  BECK. — Two  small  socket-celts,  from  France. 

CAPTAIN  A.  BLOOMFIELD. — Portion  of  a  very  remarkable 
hoard,  consisting  of  eight  long  celt-like  implements,  from  16  to 
24  inches  in  length,  and  thirteen  shorter  specimens,  all  of  copper, 
together  with  two  circular  silver  plates  and  two  horned  plates  of 
the  same  metal.  The  find  consisted  of  424  copper  implements 
and  102  pieces  of  silver,  and  took  place  in  January  1870,  in 
uncultivated  ground  near  the  village  of  Gungeria,  situated  in 
the  Mhow  Talook,  about  40  miles  to  the  north  of  Bourha,  the 
head-quarters  of  the  district  of  Balaghat,  Central  India,  where 
Captain  Bloomfield  was  at  the  time  Deputy  Commissioner.  An 
account  of  the  discovery,  with  engravings  of  some  of  the  speci- 
mens, has  appeared  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Asiatic  Society  of 
Bengal,  May  1870. 

ROBERT  DAY,  Esq.  F.S.A. — A  palstave  from  Italy. 

JOHN  DIXON,  Esq.— A  double  hook  or  handle  of  bronze,  a 
ball  of  gray  granite,  and  part  of  a  cedar  rod  found  by  Mr.  Dixon 
in  newly  opened  passages  in  the  Great  Pyramid,  these  objects 
are  engraved  in  "  Nature,"  Dec.  26,  1872. 

JOHN  EVANS,  Esq.  F.S.A. — A  collection  of  objects  found 
together  at  Dreuil,  near  Amiens,  consisting  of  four  socket-celts, 
a  knife-handle,  portion  of  a  sword-sheath,  ornament  for  a 
sword-belt,  four  rings  of  various  sizes,  and  three  armlets. 


Jan.  30.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  433 

The  following  specimens  discovered  with  a  gold  funicular 
tore,  and  a  plain  gold  armlet,  near  Falaise,  Calvados  : — a  socket- 
hammer  of  quadrangular  section,  an  anvil,  a  spear-head  with 
rivet  holes,  a  one-edged  knife,  a  singular  curved  knife,  probably 
used  for  scooping  out  wood,  with  a  cylindrical  socket  and  rivet- 
holes,  and  a  two-edged  blade  or  razor. 

A  flanged  celt,  two  palstaves,  three  socket-celts,  a  leaf-shaped 
sword,  a  dagger,  a  sickle  and  two  tores ;  all  from  Denmark. 
Compare  for  one  of  the  tores,  Worsaae,  Nordiske  Oldsager, 
fig.  221. 

Seven  palstaves  (one  of  them  with  the  blade  at  right  angles 
to  the  handle),  six  socket-celts,  a  spear-head,  two  chisels,  six 
sickles,  three  pierced  axes,  three  swords,  and  three  tores,  from 
Germany  and  Hungary.  Some  of  the  sickles  were  from 
Camenz,  in  §axony,  and  are  engraved  in  the  Proceedings, 
2d  S.  iii.  333. 

A  very  remarkable  axe  found  in  the  Valais,  Switzerland,  and 
evidently  modelled  on  an  axe  mounted  in  a  handle.  This  spe- 
cimen is  noticed  in  Mr.  Evans's  address. 

Two  flat  celts,  seven  palstaves,  five  socket-celts,  one  of  them 
still  containing  the  clay  core,  two  spear-heads,  four  swords,  a 
socket-hammer  and  a  sickle,  still  retaining  a  portion  of  its 
wooden  handle  ;  all  found  in  France. 

J.  W.  FLOWER,  Esq.  F  G.S. — Three  palstaves  and  two  socket- 
celts  from  Germany,  a  palstave  from  Maseyck  in  Limburg,  one 
from  Italy,  two  from  Britany,  a  spiral  coil,  and  a  spiral  armilla 
from  Nantes. 

C.  DRURY  E.  FORTNUM,  Esq.  F.S.A. — A  palstave,  a  socket- 
celt  with  hooks  at  the  sides  (compare  Horse  Ferales,  pi.  v.  fig.  1), 
a  spear-head,  and  three  armlets,  found  together  in  the  Sabine 
Hills,  four  palstaves,  two  spear-heads  with  their  ferules,  found 
at  Cumae,  three  other  spear-heads,  a  large  ring  with  knobs,  a 
mace-head,  and  a  series  of  arrow-heads,  from  various  parts  of 
Italy. 

COL.  A.  H.  LANE  Fox,  Y.P. — A  bronze  mould  for  a  palstave, 
from  the  collection  of  Madame  Febvre  of  Macon,  a  pendant, 
a  razor  or  cutting  implement,  a  chisel,  a  sickle,  six  long  pins, 
and  a  socket-hammer ;  all  from  France.  Three  swords,  a  pal- 
stave, a  sickle,  and  three  razors,  from  Denmark.  Three  pierced 
axes,  probably  from  Hungary.  A  short  sword,  a  socket-celt 
with  hooks,  and  two  pierced  axes  from  Italy.  A  series  of  thirty 
arrow-heads  from  Greece,  &c.  Twenty-five  implements  from 
Cyprus,  consisting  of  seven  flat  celts,  two  socket-celts  or  spear- 

VOL.  V.  2  F 


434  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

ends,  a  dagger,  five  knives,  one  javelin  head,  seven  spear-heads 
with  tangs,  and  two  spear-heads  with  sockets.  A  broad  pierced 
adze,  and  an  axe  with  projections  at  the  upper  part,  found  in 
the  country  of  the  Macas,  Ecuador.  A  copper  chisel  from  Lake 
Temiscamangue,  Ottawa,  Canada. 

A.  W.  FRANKS,  Esq.  Director. — A  flat  celt,  fourteen  flanged 
celts,  twenty-one  palstaves  (three  with  loops),  nine  socket-celts, 
a  gouge,  a  socket-hammer,  three  chisels,  a  spear-head,  a  dagger, 
six  knives,  and  barbed  arrow-heads,  chiefly  from  the  collection 
of  Madame  Febvre  of  Macon,  and  probably  found  in  that  dis- 
trict. A  fine  chape  of  a  sword  obtained  in  Paris,  and  similar  to 
one  from  Hallstatt,  engraved  in  Von  Sacken,  Das  Grabfeld  von 
Hallstatt,  pi.  xix.  fig.  10.  A  flanged  celt  of  copper,  and  a 
socket-celt  from  Denmark.  Two  palstaves,  a  hammer,  a  fragment 
of  pierced  hammer,  a  chisel,  and  a  sickle,  from  Camenz,  Saxony. 

Twelve  objects,  supposed  to  be  razors  or  leather-cutters,  and 
varying  in  form,  from  Italy.  A  thin  broad  axe- blade  from 
Mexico,  and  two  remarkable  instruments  from  Catamarca, 
Argentine  Republic.  Cast  of  a  bronze  mould  in  three  pieces 
for  making  sword-handles,  said  to  have  been  found  in  Italy, 
and  preserved  in  the  Antiquarium  at  Munich,  engraved  in 
Lindenschmit,  Alterthiimer  unserer  Heidnischen  Vorzeit,  Heft  i. 
Taf.  2,  figs.  10-12.  Casts  of  two  stone  moulds  for  making 
bronze  spear-heads,  daggers,  and  pins,  found  near  Burghausen, 
Bavaria,  now  in  the  National  Museum,  Munich. 

A  large  series  of  drawings,  chiefly  in  colours,  representing 
bronze  implements  and  weapons  of  various  countries,  mostly 
drawn  by  the  late  Mr.  J.  M.  Kemble. 

REV.  W.  GREENWELL,  F.S.A. — A  flat  celt  from  Cadiz,  Spain; 
a  socket-celt  from  L' Orient,  Britany;  a  socket-celt  without 
loop,  but  with  a  rivet-hole,  from  Denmark ;  a  leaf-shaped  sword, 
spear-head,  gouge,  and  armlet,  from  France ;  a  sword  and  a 
dagger  from  Italy;  a  palstave,  a  spear-head,  a  one- edged  knife, 
a  sickle,  and  an  armlet,  from  the  lake  dwellings  at  Moringen, 
Lake  of  Bienne,  Switzerland ;  a  one-edged  knife  from  the  lake 
dwellings  in  the  Lake  of  Bourget,  Savoy. 

REV.  THOMAS  HUGO,  F.S.A. — A  palstave  from  Italy. 

GEORGE  ROOTS,  Esq.  F.S.A. — Two  palstaves  and  two  spear- 
heads from  Germany ;  a  socket-celt  from  France  ;  five  palstaves, 
two  spear-heads,  and  four  broad  daggers,  from  Italy.  The 
latter  are  very  fine  specimens,  resembling  one  engraved  in  Hora3 
Ferales,  pi.  vii.  figs.  8,  9. 


Feb.  6.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES,  435 

REV.  W.  SPARROW  SIMPSON,  F.S.A. — A  flat  axe-Wade  from 
Egypt,  with  an  inscription  in  hieroglyphs — u  The  good  Sun, 
the  Sun  supplier  of  existences,  the  Son  of  the  Sun,  Pa-'hek-aa." 
The  prince  here  mentioned  is  believed  to  have  been  one  of  the 
shepherd  kings,  or  a  Persian  monarch.  The  axe  is  engraved  in 
the  Journal  of  the  British  Archaeological  Association,  xxiii.  293. 
Two  other  knives,  or  narrow  axe-blades,  from  Egypt.  Four 
objects,  believed  to  have  been  used  in  pulling  the  bow  string, 
four  mace-heads,  two  palstaves,  and  a  socket-celt,  from  Italy. 
A  series  of  thirty  arrow-heads,  chiefly  from  Athens  ;  a  perforated 
axe-head,  and  a  sickle,  from  Switzerland ;  a  socket-chisel,  a  sickle, 
and  two  fragments  of  knives,  from  Denmark. 

W.  J.  BERNHARD  SMITH,  Esq. — A  spear -head  from  Italy. 

HODDER  M  *  WESTROPP,  Esq. — Four  palstaves,  a  socket-celt, 
two  spear-heads,  and  an  arrow-head,  from  Italy ;  a  palstave  and 
a  socket-celt  from  France.  Some  of  these  specimens  are  en- 
graved in  Collectanea  Antiqua,  in  the  possession  of  H.  M,  W. 
Cork,  1857.  (Privately  printed.) 


Thursday,  February  6th,  1873. 
AUGUSTUS  W.  FRANKS,  Esq.  Director,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  A.  W.  Franks,  Esq.  M.A.  Director  S.A.  :— 

1.  University  of  Cambridge.     Broadside  Ballad  on  the  Election  of  a  Chan- 
cellor.    One  leaf.     4to. 


2.  Li  Braban9onne  Moncrabeautienne  dediee   aux  40  Molons  d'  Nameur, 
pa   Alph.    Godenne.       Broadside-  Ballad   in  Walloon.       One   leaf.       Fol. 
Maliues,  1867. 

3.  Coplets  a  1'occas'ion  do   Concert  donne  pa    1'   Societe    d'   Moncrabeau 
a  Messieurs  les  Membres  du  Congres  Prehistorique.    Li  Congres  Prehistor- 
ique  a  Nameur  28  Awousse,  1872.     Broadside  Ballads  in  Walloon.     Two 
leaves.     4to.     Namur,  1872. 

4.  L'Arehcomanie.     Poeme  par  J.  M.   G.  Marique.     Souvenir  cle  Namur 
effort  aux  Membres  du  Congres  d'Anthropologie  et  d'Archeologie  Prehis- 
torique.    3°  Edition.     8vo.     Namur,  1872. 

From  the  Royal  Institute  of   British  Architects : — Sessional   Papers,    1872-73. 
No.  5.     4to.     London,  1873. 

From  the  Canadian  Institute : — The  Canadian  Journal  of  Science,  Literature, 
and  History.     Vol.  xiii.     No.  5.     December.     Svo.     Toronto,  1872. 

VOL.  V.  2  F  2 


436  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

From  the  Royal  United  Service  Institution: — Journal.    Vol.  XVI.    No.  69. 
8vo.     London,  1872. 

From  the  British  Archaeological  Association :— The  Journal.    Dec.  31  (com- 
pleting vol.  28).     8vo.     London,  1872. 

From  the  Royal  Historical  and  Archaeological  Association  of  Ireland :— The 
Journal.    Vol.  2.    Fourth  Series.    October.    No.  12.    8vo.    Dublin,  1872. 

From  the  Author : — Collectanea  Antiqua.      In  the  possession  of  Hodder  M. 
Westropp,  Esq.  Rookhurst,  Cork.     Fol. 

EDWIN  FKESHFIELD,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  a  Persian  Picture 
which  he  described  in  the  following  letter  addressed  to  the 
Secretary : — 

"  I  do  not  know  whether  you  will  think  the  accompanying 
picture  worth  exhibiting.  With  your  permission  I  will  tell  you 
how  and  where  I  got  it,  and  afterwards  what  I  believe  it  to  be. 
The  Persian  merchants  in  Smyrna  and  Constantinople  some 
years  ago  were  in  the  habit  of  selling  the  covers  of  manuscripts 
For  the  sake  of  the  painting  upon  them,  arid  I  have  from  time  to 
time  got  several  as  ornaments.  Last  year  I  was  at  Smyrna  and, 
anxious  to  get  a  pair  to  turn  into  a  blotting  book  for  a  writing 
table,  sent  to  the  Persian  bazaar.  There  were  none  to  be 
had ;  but  the  merchants  in  the  bazaar  are  in  the  habit  of  dis- 
cussing these  things  among  themselves,  and  one  merchant  said 
he  thought  he  had  one  at  home  which  he  would  bring,  but  he 
had  had  it  for  thirty  years  or  so  and  that  it  was  a  very  bad  one, 
for  the  fashion  of  these  things  had  passed  away,  and  no  one  now 
asked  for  them.  A  few  days  afterwards  he  produced  the  picture 
in  question,  which  is,  as  you  will  see,  a  representation  in  the 
Persian  style  of  the  Blessed  Virgin,  Our  Lord,  St.  Joseph,  and 
Angels.  At  first  I  thought  that  the  inscription  might  throw 
some  light  upon  the  date  and  the  object  of  the  picture,  but  by 
the  kindness  of  Mr.  Danvers  of  the  India  Board  the  picture 
has  been  submitted  to  two  Persian  scholars,  who  state  that  the 
inscription  is  of  a  date  subsequent  to  the  picture,  that  it  is 
about  wine  and  women,  and  altogether  inappropriate  to  the  sub- 
ject. Colonel  St.  John,  to  whom  Mr.  Danvers  has  shewn  it,  says 
that  the  picture  is  Armenian,  and  that  the  view  represents  the 
view  from  the  Armenian  monastery  at  Ispahan ;  he  says  that  the 
date  of  the  picture  is  somewhere  in  the  last  century,  but  I  am 
bound  to  add  that  the  date  has  been  fixed  by  a  resident  in  those 
parts  at  200  years  earlier.  There  is  no  date  in  the  inscription, 
which  is  obviously  an  addition  to  the  picture.  I  have  carefully 
examined  the  binding  and  have  satisfied  myself  that  it  is  of  the 
same  date  as  the  picture,  and  it  therefore  remains  that  the 
Armenian  picture  has  been  the  cover  of  a  religious  book  which 
has  been  despoiled  and  the  cover  placed  upon  a  less  edifying 
work.  I  asked  Colonel  St.  John  if  the  monastery  at  Ispahan 


Feb.  13.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  437 

was  orthodox  Armenian  or  Mechitarist — the  Mechitarists  being 
Armenians  who,  following  a  leader  named  Mechitar,  have  ac- 
commodated themselves  to  the  Roman  Church.  Colonel  St.  John 
says  that  the  monastery  is  orthodox,  and  this  has  puzzled  me 
much.  I  suppose  the  picture  to  represent  the  Presentation  in 
the  Temple,  and  that  for  the  Temple  is  substituted  the  monastery 
at  Ispahan,  and  I  suppose  the  duck-like  looking  animal  is  the 
offering.  But  what  is  the  wide-awake  hat  upon  the  stool  between 
the  pantalooned  angels  ?  The  orthodox  Armenian  clergy  wear 
a  hat  called  a  kulal,  which  is  exactly  like  the  hat  of  a  Greek 
priest  except  that  it  is  plaited  at  the  top — this  is  an  unmistakeable 
wide-awake.  Now,  a  wide-awake  as  a  head-dress  in  the  East  is 
worn  by  the  Mechitarist  clergy,  and  therefore  if  this  picture  is 
Armenian,  with  great  submission  to  Colonel  St.  John,  I  must  con- 
sider it  a  Mechitarist  picture,  and  then  it  is  difficult  to  account 
for  the  view  from  an  orthodox  Armenian  monastery  unless  the 
picture  is  conventional  among  the  Armenians.  This  is,  however, 
clear,  that  the  picture  is  Persian  Christian,  whether  Armenian 
orthodox  or  Mechitarist,  as  it  is  quite  different  from  the  Arme- 
nian style  prevalent  in  other  parts  of  the  East.  It  is  also  clear 
that  it  was  the  cover  of  some  religious  work,  most  probably  a 
service-book ;  that  it  has  fallen  into  bad  hands,  and  has  been 
used  for  a  book  of  Persian  poetry." 

HENRY  GODWIN,  Esq.  F.S.A.  read  a  paper  on  "  Donnington 
Castle,"  Berkshire,  which  will  be  printed  in  the  Archseologia. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communications. 


Thursday,  February  13th,  1873. 
AUGUSTUS  W.  FEANKS,  Esq.  Director,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors : — 

From  the  Royal  Institution  of  Great  Britain  :  — 

1.  Proceedings.     Vol.  vi.     Part  6.     No.  57.     8vo.     London,  1872.     [Com- 
pleting vol.  yi.] 

2.  No.  15.     Additions  to  the  Library.     July  1871-72.     8vo. 

From  the  Author : — Roman  Road  in  the  Parish  of  Ewhurst,  Surrey.  By  James 
Park  Harrison,  M.A.  8vo.  London,  1872.  [From  the  Surrey  Archaeological 
Society's  Collections,  Vol.  VI.] 

From  the  Author : — The  Athanasian  Creed  in  -connexion  with  the  Utrecht 
Psalter,  being  a  Report  to  the  Right  Honourable  Lord  Romilly,  Master  of 


438  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

the  Rolls,  on  a  Manuscript  in  the  University  of  Utrecht.    By'  Sir  Thomas 
Duff  us  Hardy,  D.C.L.  Deputy  Keeper  of  the  Public  Records.    4to.    London, 

1872. 

From  the  Royal  Society :— Proceedings.  Vol.  XXI.  No.  141.  8vo.  London, 
1873. 

From  S.  Dutton  Walker,  Esq.  F.S.A.  : — Notes  on  Nottinghamshire  Campano- 
logy. By  William  Phillimore  W.  Stiff,  Esq.  8vo.  London  and  Derby, 
1872.  [Reprinted  from  The  Reliquary,  Vol.  XIII. J 

From  A.  W.  Franks,  Esq.  M.A.  Director  S.A.  : — Catalogue  of  a  series  of  Pho- 
tographs (by  S.  Thompson),  from  the  collections  in  the  British  Museum. 
8yo.  London. 

A  vote  of  Special  Thanks  was  awarded  to  Sir  Thomas  Duffus 
Hardy  for  the  copy  of  his  Report  on  the  Utrecht  Psalter  'with 
which  he  had  enriched  the  Society's  Library. 

JAMES.  MURRAY  FOSTER,  Esq.  was  admitted  a  Fellow  of  the 
Society. 

FRANCIS  BRENT,  Esq.  exhibited  a  collection  of  Flint  Flakes 
found  at  Dozmare  Pool,  in  Cornwall,  accompanied  by  the  follow- 
ing remarks  : — 

"  Dozmare,  or  Dosmery  Pool,  is  a  'mere'  or  small  lake  about 
one  mile  in  circumference,  and  in  no  part  more  than  about  five 
feet  in  depth ;  it  is  situated  on  table  land  on  the  Bodmin  Moors, 
on  the  north  flank  of  Brown  Gilley,  about  10  miles  from 
Liskeard,  and  is  at  the  height  of  about  900  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  It  consists  of  rain-water  only,  which  collects  from 
the  neighbouring  high  land.  At  one  end  there  is  a  bog  of  con- 
siderable size,  and  the  whole  district  is  peaty  and  barren  land  ; 
a  deep  cutting  through  the  bog  carries  off  the  surplus  water  from 
the  lake  to  supply,  in  part,  the  St.  Neot's  river,  a  branch  of  the 
Fowey.  '  In  making  this  cutting,  in  1826,  the  roots  of  large 
oaks  and  alders  were  found  about  four  feet  below  the  surface, 
which  had  evidently  been  cut  with  the  saw,  thus  confirming  the 
accounts  derived  from  early  historians,  that  these  wilds  were  in 
former  times  covered  with  forest  timber;  and  Leland  states 
that  in  his  time  abundance  of  red  deer  haunted  the  woods  upon 
the  moors  about  Dozmare  Pool,  and  King  Alfred  came  to 
Liskeard,  in  867,  in  one  of  his  hunting  excursions.'*  At  the 
present  time  not  a  tree  or  a  shrub  is  to  be  seen,  and  the  silence 
that  usually  pervades  this  desolate  district  is  broken  only  by  the 
murmur  of  the  wind,  or  the  cries  of  the  numerous  birds  that 
frequent  the  lake. 

"  The  bed  of  the  lake  is  composed  of  an  almost  impervious  kind 
of  clay,  possibly  the  felspar  from  the  decomposed  granite  of  the 

*  History  of  St.  Neot's,  by  James  Michell. 


Feb.  13.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  439 

district,  and  nearly  as  hard  as  the  granite  itself.  Masses  of  this 
rock  are  strewn  over  the  bottom  and  along  the  shores  of  the 
lake,  varying  in  size  from  that  of  small  pebbles  to  that  of  blocks 
weighing  several  hundredweights,  whilst  the  mud  at  the 
deepest  parts  consists  of  the  peat  washed  down  from  the  adjoin- 
ing moors.  The  shores  are  covered  in  most  places  with  coarse 
sand  mixed  with  crystals  of  quartz,  which  is  cast  up  in  beds  at 
some  parts  of  the  borders  of  the  lake,  more  especially  at  the 
north-eastern  end. 

"On  a  fine  afternoon,  in  the  month  of  August  last,  whilst 
walking  by  the  side  of  the  lake  with  a  friend,  I  picked  up  an 
exquisite  little  flint  flake,  my  friend  found  another  in  the  water, 
and  on  further  search  we  succeeded  in  finding  about  a  dozen 
more,  mostly  fragments  only. 

"  Since  then  I  have  visited  the  lake  three  or  four  times,  and 
have  succeeded  in  procuring  upwards  of  three  hundred  speci- 
mens. Very  few  of  these "  are  even  nearly  perfect,  whilst  the 
greater  proportion  consists  of  small  fragments,  which  however 
clearly  show  that  they  are  portions  of  larger  flakes.  Indeed  the 
nearly  perfect  ones  I  procured  either  from  under  the  shelter  of 
large  stones,  or  else  I  dug  them  out  of  the  sand ;  the  pieces  were 
collected  from  the  shores  of  the  lake,  where  the  flakes  had  been 
ground  on  the  hard  clay  by  the  rough  sand,  under'  the  feet  of 
visitors,  or  those  of  cattle,  during  the  long  period  of  time  that 
they  may  have  been  exposed,  and  it  is  not  surprising  that  the 
flakes  have  been  so  broken  when  we  also  consider  that  the  people 
on  the  moors  have  for  a  long  time  resorted  to  Dozmare  Pool  to 
procure  their  *  strike-a-lights,'  under  which  term  the  larger 
pieces  of  flint  have  been  known.  The  little  pieces,  being  useless 
for  that  purpose,  have  been  left  where  they  were  found. 

"  I  have  however  found  several  cores  from  which  flakes  had 
been  struck,  and  also  many  fragments  of  flint  that  had  been 
struck  off  from  the  pebbles  so  as  to  present  a  plane  surface  on 
the  core  to  admit  of  the  blow  of  percussion  falling  evenly  in  the 
process  of  striking  off  a  flake.  There  being  no  natural  deposit 
of  flints  in  the  neighbourhood,  where,  the  rocks  are  granite  only, 
I  think  it  cannot  be. doubted  that  the  flakes  were  manufactured 
on  the  spot  from  pebbles  brought  from  various  districts,  and  that 
the  people  who  made  the  flakes  dwelt  either  upon  the  adjoining 
moors,  or  in  pile  dwellings  upon  the  lake  itself. 

"  Although  the  flakes  for  the  most  part  are  of  one  type,  that 
is  having  one  flat  side  on  which  the  bulb  of  percussion  is  visible 
at  the  butt  or  upper  end,  and  having  the  other  side  flaked  off  by 
longitudinal  flakings  so  as  to  form  two  cutting  or  scraping  edges 
with  a  chisel-shaped  point  and  a  butt  end,  yet  there  are  some 
little  implements  that  differ  so  entirely  from  this  type  that 


440  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

I  am  puzzled  to  make  out  for  what  purpose  they  could  have 
been  used.  Some  still  have  such  sharp  and  delicate  edges,  that 
even  now,  like  the  obsidian  flakes  found  in  Mexico,  they  might 
almost  be  used  to  shave  with,  whilst  some,  although  typical  speci- 
mens as  to  mode  of  manufacture,  are  so  small  that,  like  similar 
flakes  found  in  the  European  lakes,  they  scarcely  exceed  the  size 
of  i  fish  scales.' 

"  Most  of  the  flakes  are  composed  of  flint,  varying  very  much 
in  colour,  and  thus,  I  think,  indicating  that  the  pebbles  were 
originally  brought  from  different  districts,  like  those  -found  at 
Moosseedorf.  There  are  white,  black,  red,  blue,  and  translucent, 
or  agate-like  flakes.  There  are  some  however  which  are  not  of 
flint,  but  appear  to  be  composed  of  a  black,trap-rock,  or  Lydian 
stone,  others  of  chert,  and  of  stones  of  different  kinds.  I  am  not 
aware  that  the  existence  of  these  flakes  at  Dozmare  Pool  has 
been  noticed  by  any  writers,  but  there  are  four  small  specimens 
from  the  lake  in  the  Plymouth  Museum. 

"  During  the  hot  summer  of  1869  or  1870,  Dozmare  Pool 
was  nearly  dry,  there  being  a  small  quantity  only  of  water  in  a 
pool  at  the  north-eastern  end ;  it  was  then  noticed  that  there  was 
much  peaty  mud  covering  the  bottom,  but  it  is  greatly  to  be 
regretted  that  explorations  were  not  then  carried  on  by  some 
one  acquainted  with  the  subject,  as  possibly  some  traces  of  a  pile 
village  might  have  been  found. 

"  The  adjoining  moors  have  been  extensively  streamed  for  tin 
in  former  years,  and  even  during  quite  a  recent  period  the  bed 
of  the  river  Towey,  which  runs  through  the  valley  at  the  foot 
of  the  hills,  has  been  turned  over,  and  a  tin  in  remunerative 
quantities  has  been  found  by  the  adventurers. 

"  It  is  highly  probable  that  in  the  old  times  the  population 
was  much  more  considerable  that  at  present,  for  on  many  parts 
of  the  moors  there  are  several  collections  of  hut  circles  and 
pounds,  with  other  so-called  Druidical  remains." 

These  flint  flakes  having  been  submitted  for  inspection  to 
John  Evans,  Esq.  F.R.S.  F.S.A.  that  gentleman  communicated 
the  following  remarks  on  them  : — 

"  The  flakes  are  almost,  without  exception,  undoubtedly  arti- 
ficial, and  much  resemble  in  character  those  found  in  such 
numbers  near  Croyde,  and  in  other  parts  of  Devonshire.*  On 
examination  it  will  be  seen  that  a  few  of  them  have  been 
trimmed  to  a  regular  sweep  at  the  end  like  <  scrapers,'  and  that 
others  have  the  edge  worn  away  to  some  extent  by  use.  Many 
of  the  smaller  pieces  may  be  merely  spalls  or  splinters  arising 

*  Proceedings,  2d.  S.  iii.  22,  89. 


Feb.  13.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  441 

from  the  chipping  out  of  more  regular  flakes  and  possibly  other 
instruments  of  flint  upon  the  spot.  That  they  were  manu- 
factured in  situ  seems  to  be  proved  by  the  presence  of  cores. 
From  a  hasty  examination  I  was  led  to  the  conclusion  that  the 
material  consisted  of  flint  pebbles  derived  from  the  sea-beach, 
wrhich  however  is  at  a  considerable  distance,  the  nearest  point 
being  about  twelve  miles  off.  Possibly  the  constant  demand  on 
the  shores  of  the  lake  for  flints  for  6  strike-a-light '  purposes 
may  have  resulted  in  the  removal  of  many  large  and  more  in- 
teresting forms  than  those  which  were  left  for  Mr.  Brent  to  find. 
It  is  somewhat  singular  that  among  so  many  small  instruments 
there  appear  to  be  no  traces  of  arrow-heads,  properly  so-called." 

F.  W.  BURTON,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  a  Flint  Javelin  Head, 
found  near  Aghalee,  co.  Antrim,  by  a  tenant-farmer  on  the 
Wallace  estates,  named  William  Hill,  in  digging  a  trench  in 
some  gravelly  soil  previously  covered  by  hazel  scrub.  This 
specimen  bears  a  near  resemblance  to  one  in  the  collection  of  the 
Royal  Irish  Academy,  and  figured  in  Sir  W.  Wilde's  Catalogue, 
&c.  part  i.  p.  26,  under  the  new  arrangement  designated  as 
L.  1.  4.  201,  which  appears  to  be  of  a  similar  variety  of  flint, 
and  nearly  of  the  same  colour,  and  which  was  found  in  the 
county  Donegal. 

JOHN  EVANS,  Esq.  F.R.S.  F.S.A.  exhibited,  by  permission  of 
Morris  C,  Jones,  Esq.,  F.S.A.  a  remarkably  fine  specimen  of  a 
circular  Flint-Knife  which  was  found  on  the  farm  of  Glan-yr-afon, 
Trefeglwys,  Montgomeryshire,  about  two  feet  below  the  surface 
and  directly  under  the  root  of  an  old  oak  tree  three  feet  in 
diameter,  which  was  being  grubbed  up.  In  outline  this  instru- 
ment presents  an  almost  perfect  circle,  2  J  inches  in  diameter. 
It  has  been  fashioned  by  chipping  over  the  whole  of  both  faces, 
and  its  extreme  thickness  in  the  middle  is  only  half  an  inch. 
The  whole  of -"the  periphery  has  been  ground  on  both  faces  so  as 
to  form  a  sharp  edge,  except  in  two  places  at  opposite  ends  of 
one  of  its  diameters,  where  for  a  short  distance  the  edge  has 
been  left  as  originally  chipped  out.  •  A  few  of  the  asperities  on 
both  faces  have  been  removed  by  grinding,  but  for  the  most  part 
this  process  has  been  confined  to  the  edge.  In  general  character 
this  instrument  may  be  compared  with  figs.  257  and  258  of 
The  Ancient  Stone  Implements  of  Great  Britain.  It  has 
been  presented  to  the  Powysland  Museum.* 

Rev.  W.   C.   LUKIS,    M.A.  F.S.A.   exhibited   the   following 

objects : — 

*  Montgomeryshire  Collections,  Vol.  v.  p.  xxvi. 


442  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

1.  "Wooden  cup,  6  inches  high,  painted  in  imitation  of  china, 
found  embedded  in  a  walled-up  cavity  in  a  wall  of  the  Maison- 
de-Dieu  Hospital,   Bipon,  a  few  years  since.     It  is  somewhat 
in  the  form  of  a  chalice,  and  is  lined  with  tin. 

2.  Plaster  cast  of  a  large  stone  celt,  11  inches  in  length,  found 
with  human  skeletons  in  the  bone  cave  of  Le  Grand  Bocher, 
Guyotville,  near  Algiers. 

3.  Small  stone  gouge,  2J  inches  long,  found  with  the  above. 

4.  Fragment  of  an  earthenware  vessel,  ditto. 

5.  Fine  flint  blade,  9  5  inches  in  length,  found  by  Mr.  Lukis 
in  September  last,  in  the  dolmen  of  Mane-er-Kloch,  parish  of 
Locoal  Meudon,  Morbihan,  3  feet  below  the  surface. 

6.  One-half  of  a  stone  mould  for  casting  bronze  buckles,  found 
in  the  same  tomb,  and  wax  impression  of  the  same. 

7.  Part  of  a  bronze  buckle  of  the  same  form  found  by  one  of 
Mr.  Lukis's  children  in  gravel,  from  the  bed  of  the  river  Loire, 
at  Nantes,  in  1869. 

8.  Stone  implement  of  unusual  form,  11   inches  in  length, 
found  at  Carnac,  Morbihan,  3  feet  below  the  surface,  near  the 
sacred  well  of  St.  Comely.     Its  long  slender  form,  with  one 
end  flattened,  suggests  the  idea  that  it  was  a  flaying  imple- 
ment. 

9.  One-half  a  stone  mould,  which  was  possibly  intended  for 
casting  rings,  said  to  have  been  found  on  the  forehead  of  an 
Egyptian  mummy. 

Sir  H.  E.  DBYDEN,  Bart,  exhibited  the  following  objects : — 

1.  A   bronze   spear-head   from   Ireland,  length    10  J  inches, 
extreme  width  1 J  inch.     The  flanges  have  a  slight  tendency  to 
be  what  might  be  called  rifled,  presenting  an  appreciable  twist 
or  deflection  from  a  straight  direction. 

2.  A  bronze  spear-head  from  Ashby,  length  7^  inches,  ex- 
treme width  2^  inches.     A  portion  of  the  wood  of  the  shaft 
remains  in  the  socket.     It  proved  to  be  ash  when  examined 
under  a  microscope. 

3.  A  green  stone  celt,  4^  inches  long  by  2  J  broad ;  said  by 
Mr.  John  Evans  to  be  of  West  Indian  type,  but  stated  by  Sir 
Henry  Dry  den  to  have  been  found  in  a  British  station,  near 
Ashby,  about  thirty-five  or  forty  years  ago. 

4.  Enameled  figure   of  a  female  saint,  with  hands  crossed 
over  the  breast,  believed  by  Sir  Henry  to  be  the  scutcheon  of  a 
key-hole,  but  more  probably  a  figure  which  was  once  attached 
to  a  shrine  of  Limoges  enamel,  the  perforation  for  such  attach- 
ment being  still  visible.    Dimensions,  2  inches  by  1  £. 

C.  H.  WOODRUFF,  Esq.  exhibited  a  chalice -shaped  Cup  of 


Feb.  13.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  443 

dark  purple  glass  and  of  Elizabethan  pattern,  mounted  on  a 
silver  foot  or  stem,  which  appeared  to  be  of  a  much  later  date. 
The  height  />f  this  object,  from  the  base,  was  7|  inches ;  the 
width  at  the  top  of  the  glass  was  5^  inches  ;  the  width  of  the 
silver  base  was  3|  inches.  The  height  of  the  glass  cup  was  4| 
inches.  Around  this  cup  ran  three  pairs  of  horizontal  belts, 
in  relief. 

The  following  account  of  the  cup  and  of  the  traditions  con- 
nected with  it,  was  written  by  Sir  Thomas  Mantell,  knt.,  of 
Dover,  who  died  in  1831,  from  whom  the  cup  passed  to  his 
niece  Mina  Greaves  of  Canterbury,  who  bequeathed  it  to  the 
Rev.  John  Woodruff,  late  vicar  of  Upchurch,  Kent,  in  whose 
family  it  now  remains. 

* i  The  purple  cup  mounted  on  a  silver  foot  originally  belonged 
to  the  Princess  Elizabeth  before  she  was  Queen  of  England,  and 
very  probably  might  be  used  by  her  in  receiving  the  Holy 
Sacrament.  Bishop  Ridley,  who  suffered  martyrdom  in  her 
sister  Mary's  reign,  was  chaplain  to  the  Princess  Elizabeth,  and 
the  said  cup,  with  a  table  cloth  and  twelve  napkins,  was  on  some 
occasion  presented  to  him  by  Her  Royal  Highness.  Bishop 
Ridley  was  nearly  related  to  the  Oxendens  of  Kent  (ancestors 
of  the  present  Sir  Henry  Oxenden  of  Brirney).  To  one  of  that 
name  and  family  he  gave  them,  whose  daughter  Elizabeth 
married  the  Rev.  Robert  Cumberland,  many  years  vicar  of 
Chilham,  and  carried  the  cup  on  with  her.  From  them  they 
were  preserved  with  great  care,  and  have  been  bequeathed  in 
regular  succession  to  their  descendants,  till  they  came  into  pos- 
session of  their  great-grandson,  Thomas  Mantell,  the  present 
owner  of  the  cup,  who  justly  appreciates  the  value  of  it,  which 
is  well  authenticated  to  have  been  the  property  of  our  glorious 
Queen  Elizabeth." 

That  glass  chalices  were  used  in  very  early  times  and  on  rare 
occasions  in  the  middle  ages,  there  can  be  no  room  for  doubt. 
See  Pelliccia,  Christianas  EcclesiaB  Politia,  Cologne,  1829,  vol.  i. 
p.  145.  See,  too,  Bona,  Alberti,  and  Augusti.  It  seems,  how- 
ever, very  incredible  that  a  chalice  of  that  material  should  have 
been  used  as  late  as  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  The  glass 
vessel  exhibited  is  of  great  interest  as  an  early  specimen  of 
English  glass,  but  was  probably  not  intended  for  any  sacred 
use. 

The  Rev.  ASSHETON  POWNALL,  F.S.A.  exhibited  the  following 
objects : — 

1.  Gold  medalet,  found  on  the  battle-field  of  Naseby,  North- 
amptonshire. Obv. :  head  of  General  Fairfax,  without  inscrip- 
tion :  Rev. :  POST  •  HAC  •  MELIORA  MERVISTI.  1645. 


444  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

This  medalet  is  attributed  to  Thomas  Simon,  the-  celebrated 
engraver  of  the  seventeenth  century,  in  Vertue's  Medals,  Coins, 
Great  Seals,  &c.,  &c.,  a  book  published  in  1753.  and  dedi- 
cated to  a  Vice- President  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  the 
Hon.  James  West.  It  may  be  questioned  whether  this  attribu- 
tion can  be  sustained  by  proof.  While  there  need  be  no'  doubt 
that  the  head  in  profile  represents  the  Parliament's  General,  a 
comparison  between  the  medal  and  acknowledged  works  of 
Simon  suggests  a  doubt  as  to  its  being  engraved  by  him.  The 
incident  of  its  having  been  picked  up  on  the  field  of  battle  adds  to 
its  historical  interest.  This  fact  has  hitherto  remained  unques- 
tioned, but  signs  of  wear  upon  the  exposed  portion  of  the  surface 
leave  some  suspicion  in  the  mind.  Dimensions,  1  inch  by  f 
inch. 

2.  Slight  gold  ring,   Roman,  with  a  male  head ;    found  at 
Casterton. 

3.  Bronze  medal  struck   by   Pope    Gregory   XIII. ,    on  the 
slaughter  of  the  Huguenots,  A.D.  1572.     Obv. :  GREGORIVS  xin. 
PONT.  MAX.  ANN.  i.,  head  and  shoulders  of  the  Pope.     Beneath 
are  the  letters  F.  B.,  the  initials  of  Frederigo  Bonzagna,  sur- 
named  Parmensis.     Among  the  Miscellanea  (Numismatic  Chro- 
nicle, Partiii.  1872,  p.  216),  Mr.  T.  J.  Arnold,  F.S.A.,  gives 
some  information  about  him  and  about  this  medal,  to  which  the 
reader  is  referred.     On  the  reverse  appear  the  words  VGONO- 
TORVM   STRAGES    1572.      A   figure,   supposed   to    represent    a 
destroying  angel,   holding  a  sword  in  one  hand  and  a  cross  in 
the  other,  advances.     Before  the  angel  are  five  figures  of  dead 
or  dying,  and  two  others  in  attitudes  the  meaning  of  which  is 
not  apparent. 

W.  L.  LAWRENCE,  Esq.,  F.SA.,  exhibited,  by  permission  of 
T.  Agg  Gardiner,  Esq.,  a  bronze  Bowl,  10 J  inches  in  diameter 
and  If  inch  high,  on  which  C.  KNIGHT  WATSON,  Esq.,  Secre- 
tary made  the  following  remarks  :— - 

"  On  the  22nd  November,  1860,  Mr.  Lawrence  exhibited 
before  the  Society  a  bronze  bowl,  found  in  the  bed  of  the  river 
Severn,  on  the  9th  July,  1824.  A  full  account  of  this  bowl 
was  given  at  the  time  by  the  Director,  which  is  printed  in  the 
Proceedings,  2d  S.  i.  235-238.  At  the  conclusion  of  that 
account  Mr.  Franks  stated,  on  the  authority  of  The  Gentleman's 
Magazine  for  June  1824,  vol.  xciv.  p.  627,  "  that  another  bowl, 
of  precisely  the  same  character,  was  discovered  at  the  same  spot 
shortly  before  the  present  one."  After  mentioning  the  names 
of  some  of  its  original  possessors,  Mr.  Franks  added  that  its 
"  subsequent  fate  was  unknown." 

« It  is  this  missing  bowl  which  Mr.  T.  Agg  Gardiner  is  good 


Feb.  13.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  445 

enough  to  exhibit  this  evening  before  the  Society.  It  will  be 
seen  that  in  general  arrangement  and  dimensions  it  precisely 
resembles  the  bowl  already  described.  Like  that  it  has  a  circle 
in  the  centre,  slightly  convex,  being  bossed  up  from  the  back ; 
around  this  circle  are  six  horseshoe-shaped  compartments,  form- 
ing the  general  design  of  a  six-foil.  Here  too  the  spandrils 
between  the  inscriptions  are  filled  with  cherub's  heads. 

u  In  the  centre  is  a  figure  of  Cadmus,  crowned  and  seated, 
with  a  pen  or  graver  in  his  hand,  with  which  he  is  inscribing 
some  letters  on  a  book  or  block  in  front  of  him.  The  inscrip- 
tion around  is — 

+  CADAMVS  *  GRECORVM  •  SRVTATVR  '  GRAMATA  *  PRIMVM. 

"The  compartment  above  represents  the  birth  of  Hercules,  and 
the  one  to  the  right  of  this  has  for  its  subject  Hercules  stran- 
gling the  serpents  in  his  cradle.  The  respective  inscriptions 
must  be  taken  together,  forming  the  two  following  hexameter 
lines — 

+   MAXIMYS  *  ALCHMENA  *  LICET  *  INDIGNANTE  '  NOVERCA  * 
EDITVS  '  ALCIDES  '  INMISSOS  '  STRAGVLAT  *  ANGVES. 

"  In  the  fourth  compartment  Hercules  is  represented  as  slaying 
the  dragon.  The  following  is  the  inscription  : — 

-f-   ALCIDE  •  VIGILEM  •  SOPIVIT  *  CLAYA  '  DRACONEM. 

"  The  next  compartment  represents  Hercules  fighting  with 
Geryon.  The  inscription  runs  thus — 

+    GEREONIS  *  POMPA  '  RAPIT  *  ET  *  COMBVSSERAT  '  IDRAM. 

a  In  the  next  we  have  Hercules  fighting  with  Cacus — 

+   CACYS  '  CESSIT  '  El  '  SYCCVMBIT  '  IANITOR  '  ORCI. 

"  The  sixth  or  last  compartment  represents  Hercules  as  a  victim 
to  the  jealousy  of  Dejanira — 

+   INCENDEBAT  '  EVM  '  MERETRIX  '  DEIDANIRA  '  YIVYM. 

"  From  a  manuscript  account  of  the  bowl  written  at  the  time  of 
its  discovery,  and  which  Mr.  T.  A.  Gardiner  has  kindly  commu- 
nicated, it  appears  that  on  the  llth  of  June,  1824,  one  of  the 
workmen  employed,  in  getting  out  the  earth  for  building  the 
foundations  of  a  new  bridge  over  the  Severn,  at  the  Haw  Pass, 
found  this  bowl  at  the  depth  of  two  yards  from  the  surface  of  the 
bed  of  the  river." 

R.  H.  WOOD,  Esq.  F.S.A.,  Local  Secretary  for  Lancashire, 
exhibited  four  early  deeds,  which  were  thus  described  by  C.  S. 
PERCEVAL,  Esq.  LL.D.,  F.S.A.  :— • 

1.  Charter  of  Garnerius  de  Neapoli,  Prior  of  the  Hospital  of 
St.  John  of  Jerusalem  in  England,  whereby  he  grants,  with  the 


446  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

assent  of  his  Chapter,  to  Turstan  de  Bakechild,  all  the  land  of 
the  Hospital  in  Kent  which  Brother  Adam  de  Tanges  granted  to 
them  by  licence  of  the  King  "  cum  corpore  suo."  The  gift 
included  the  moiety  of  Eodefelle  with  the  service  of  the  tenants, 
(excepting  the  third  part  of  their  chattels  found  on  the  land 
granted,  which  on  their  death  was  to  remain  to  the  hospital,) 
and  the  mill  of  Middletone.  In  consideration  of  this,  Thurston 
was  to  render  yearly  six  marks  and  a  half  of  silver,  and  to 
acquit  the  service  due  to  the  King.  Thurstan  was,  moreover, 
bound  to  maintain  a  chaplain  and  a  clerk  to  sing  mass  daily  for 
the  soul  of  King  Henry  II.  and  his  own,  and  with  a  celebration 
on  every  Saturday  in  honour  of  the  Blessed  Virgin  and  for  the 
behoof  of  Brother  Adam.  He  was  also  to  keep  up  the  chapel, 
and  also  the  houses  there  for  the  reception  of  the  Prior  and  his 
brethren  on  their  visits.  He  was  not  to  oppress  the  tenants,  but 
to  take  moderate  forfeitures  in  case  of  manifest  delinquency. 
On  the  death  of  Thurstan  or  his  heirs  the  third  part  of  their 
chattels  which  should  be  on  the  land  granted  was  to  go  to  the 
hospital  for  the  good  of  their  souls. 

This  deed,  which  bears  date  in  the  year  1 1 90,  was  sealed  with 
a  circular  seal,  now  detached,  in  white  wax  or  paste,  with  a 
brown  varnish.  The  obverse  exhibits  a  full-faced  head  with 
long  hair  and  beard,  probably  the  head  of  St.  John.  Legend — 

+   S*  •  GARN  •  PRIOR  [is]  HOSP[lTALTS]  1ER  '  IN  *  ANGlA 

The  reverse  exhibits  a  cross,  by  the  side  of  which  is  a  bare- 
headed kneeling  figure.  A  legend  accompanies  the  cross,  thus — 

SAL     YE 


CRVX 
ARBOR 


SCA 
DIGNA 


This  seal  is  engraved,  very  badly,  by  Hasted,  in  the  place 
presently  cited  ;  also  by  Nichols,  Leicestershire,  iii.  247,  pi.  xxxix. 
fig.  7.  To  the  latter  learned  antiquary  we  owe  the  information 
that  a  seal  of  the  same  type  was  used  by  Prior  Hulle,  temp. 
Edw.  III.  and  by  Prior  Docwra  in  1552. 

The  text  of  this  charter  follows  : — 

Notum  sit  omnibus  tarn  presentibus  quam  futuris  Quod  Ego  Garn'  de  Neapol' 
prior  fratrum  Hospitalis  Jerl'imit'  in  Anglia  de  communi  assensn  et  voluntate 
fratrum  capituli  nostri  concessi  et  present!  carta  confirmavi  Turstano  de  Bake- 
ehilde  et  heredibus  suis  terram  nostram  in  Cancia  quam  frater  Adam  de  Tanges 
dedit  nobis  concessione  domini  Regis  cum  corpore  suo  :  Scilicet  medietatem  de 
Rodefelde,  et  totum  servicium  hominum  nostrorum  in  tenura  ilia  manentium  preter 
terciam  partem  catallorum  eorumdem  hominum  existencium  in  eadem  terra 
que  in  obitu  eorum  remanebit  domui  nostre.  Et  Molendinum  de  Middletone 
cum  omnibus  pertinenciis  suis  quod  Rogerus  de  Wurmedale  tenuit,  tenenda  et 
habenda  de  domo  nostra  libere  quiete  et  honorifice  reddendo  inde  singulis 


Feb.  13.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  447 

annis  donrai  nostre  sex  marcas  et  dimidiam  argenti,  medietatem  ad  Pascha,  et 
medietatem  ad  Festum  Sancti  Michaelis,  pro  omni  servicio  nobis  inde  pertinentc, 
et  adquietando  servicium  totum  quod  debemus  Domino  Regi  de  illo  tenemento. 
Et  preterea  idem  Turstanus  et  heredes  sui  tenebunt  capellanum  unum  et  clericum 
et  eis  necessaria  exhibebunt,  qui  singulis  diebus  in  ebdomada  pro  domini  Regis 
H.  secundi  anima  et  sua  missam  cantabnnt,  et  diebus  Sabbatorum  in  honorem 
gioriosc  semperque  virginis  Marie  pro  predicto  fratre  Ada'  (sic)  celebrabunt  in 
perpetuum.  Nee  licebit  ei  vel  heredibus  suis  distrahere*  domos  apud  Capellam 
constructas,  sed  conservabunt  eas  in  bono  statu  ad  hospitandum  nos  et  f  rat  res 
nostros  cum  in  Cantiam  diverterimus;  neque  licebit  eis  gravare  aut  causari 
homines  nostros  in  tenura  ilia  manentes,  nisi  forte  manifeste  forisfacerent,  ct 
tune  moderate  poterint  et  sine  causamentof  de  eis  forisfactum  capere.  Preterea 
si  predicta  capella  et  ejus  servicium  aliquo  casu  defecerint  aliquo,  tune  ipsc 
Turstanus  sive  heredes  illius  reddent  nobis  de  predicto  tenemento  decein 
marcas  argenti  singulis  annis  inperpetuum  ad  predictos  terminos.  Et  si  forte 
ipse  vel  heredes  ejus  preter  gratum  nostrum  cessarenfc  aliquo  tempore  a  solucione 
predicti  redditus,  nisi  emendaverint  nobis  forisfactum  infra  quadraginta  dies 
post  summonitionem  nostram,  licebit  nobis  possessionem  tenementi  illius  ingredi 
et  nobis  tamdiu  retinere  donee  forisfactum  nobis  fuerit  congrue  emendatum.  In 
obitu  vero  suo  et  heredum  suorum  similiter  tercia  pars  catallorum  suorum  que 
super  predictam  teraam  erunt,  pro  salute  anime  sue  domui  nostre  remanebit.  Hiis 
testibus :  Fratre  Alano,  Fratre  Matheo, Fratre  Willelmo  capellano, Fratre  Gilleberto 
de  Ver,  Fratre  Roberto  filio  Ricardi,  Fratre  Hugone  de  Clahulle,  Fratre  Rogero 
de  Wauer',  Fratre  Ilberto  de  Wiltone,  Fratre  Henrico  de  Dalbi,  Fratre  Samuele, 
Fratre  Roberto  de  Leic.  (Leicestria  ?),  Fratre  Briano  de  London,  Fratre  Samson, 
Waltero  Clerico.  Anno  Incarnationis  dominice  M°C°XC°. 

Milton  by  Sittingbourne,  in  Kent,  was  one  of  the  four  manors 
in  that  county  which  were  ancient  demesne  of  the  Crown,  being 
entered  in  Domesday  as  Terra  Regis. 

Bracton,  writing  in  King  Edward  I.'s  time,  says  in  the  llth 
chapter  of  his  first  book,  that  there  were  several  kinds  of  tenants 
in  these  manors  :  First,  unfree  men,  holding  in  pure  villenage  by 
uncertain  services,  being  the  descendants  of  tenants  of  servile 
condition  at  the  date  of  the  Conquest ;  secondly,  free  men  holding 
in  villenage,  but  by  certain  and  specified  villain  services  ;  thirdly, 
free  men  holding  land  not  in  villenage  but  under  conventions 
with  the  lords  ;  and,  lastly,  tenants  in  free  soccage,  and  tenants 
by  military  service. 

I  apprehend -that  the  tenants  of  the  hospital  whom  Tlmrstan 
de  Bakechild  is  forbidden  to  oppress  or  to  exact  unreasonable 
forfeitures  from,  were  persons  of  the  first  class. 

The  reservation  to  the  grantors  of  one-third  of  the  beasts  (for 
catalla  probably  bears  that  limited  sense  here),  not  only  of  the 
undertenants,  but  of  Thurstan  and  his  heirs,  on  a  change  of 
holding  by  death,  is  well  worthy  of  notice. 

The  present  charter  came  from  the  Surrenden  Library,  and 
was  printed  by  Hasted  in  his  History  of  Kent,  ii.  599.  His 
copy  however  is  not  quite  accurate,  and  in  his  abstract  of  it  he 
has  made  the  curious  mistake  of  translating  dies  Sabbatorum  as 
"  Sunday." 

*  Detruire — destroy.  f  Causimentum,  judicium. — Du  Cangc. 


448  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

Bakechilde,  the  place  whence  Thurstan  took  his  name,  is  now 
called  Bapchild,  and  is  a  parish  adjoining  Milton.  Rodefelde, 
now  Radneld,  is  a  place  in  Bapchild  parish. 

This  deed  gives  us  the  date  of  Garnerius,  who  occurs  in  the 
list  of  Priors  of  the  Hospital  in  England,  given  in  Dugdale's 
account  of  that  institution.  He  was  followed  by  Alarms,  the 
maker  of  the  second  charter  exhibited  by  Mr.  Wood.  This 
person  is  probably  identical  with  Alphonsus  de  Portugallia,  who 
follows  Garnerius  in  Dugdale's  list. 

2.  This  deed  is  a  feoffment   by  Alan,   Prior,   &c.,   and  the 
Chapter  of  the  Hospital,  of  lands  in  Routhesthorn  (hodie  Ros* 
thorn,  in  Cheshire),  to  Roger  son  of  Thorold.     It  contains  the 
same  remarkable  reservation  of  the  third  part  of  the  catalla  on 
the  death  of  the  feoffee  or  his  heirs.     It  is  dated  1193. 

The  text  of  this  document  is  as  follows  : — 

Notura  sit  omnibus  tarn  presentibus  quam  f  uturis  Quod  ego  Frater  Alarms  Prior 
fratrum  Hospitalis  Jerl'mit'  in  Anglia  de  communi  assensu  et  voluntate  fratrum 
capituli  nostri  concessi  et  present!  carta  confirmavi  Rogero  filio  Thoraldi  et 
heredibus  suis  duas  Acras  terre  in  Routhesthorn  quas  Robertus  Presbiter  tenuit, 
quas  habemus  ex  donatione  Umfridi  de  Routhesthorne,  tenendas  et  habendas  de 
domo  nostro  jure  hereditario  sibi  et  heredibus  suis  libere  et  quiete  ab  omni 
servicio  nobis  inde  pertinente,  reddendo  inde  domui  nostre  singulis  annis 
duodecim  denarios :  Scilicet  ad  festum  Sancti  Michaelis.  Ita  tamen  quod  in 
obitu  suo  et  heredum  suorum  similiter  tercia  pars  catallorum  suorum  que  super 
predictam  terram  erunt  domui  nostre  remanebit.  Hiis  testibus  :  Fratre  Samuele, 
Fratre  Michaele,  Fratre  Radulpho,  Fratre  Willelmo  capellanis,  Fratre  Gilberto 
de  Ver,  Fratre  Roberto  filio  Ricardi,  per  quern  hec  carta  facta  fuit,  Fratre 
Briano,  Fratre  Hugone  de  Biforde,  Fratre  Ricardo  Si'plice.  Anno  Incarnationis 
dominice  millesinio  centesimo  xciij0. 

Seal  lost. 

3.  We  next  have  a  deed  of  sale  of  a  house  in  London  in  the 
beginning  of  the  fourteenth  century,  the  vendor  being,  to  judge 
by  his  name,  "  Willielmus  dictus  Conrad,"  a  German  or  Fleming, 
but  holding  the  honourable  appointment  of  arblast-maker  to  the 
King  of  England. 

The  house  in  question  was  situated  in  the  parish  of  St.  Dunstan 
by  the  Tower.  The  purchaser  was  one  Richard  de  Gloucester, 
money er,  of  London,  and  from  its  vicinity  to  the  Tower  the 
house  was  probably  bought  as  a  convenient  residence. 

This  Richard  de  Gloucester  may  not  improbably  have  been 
the  same  person  who  died  in  1325  seised  of  a  messuage  called 
Bloemundesbury,  in  the  parish  of  St.  Giles  in  the  Fields.  (Abbrev. 
Rot.  Orig.  i.  181.)  If  so,  this  must  have  been  his  country 
house. 

There  seems  to  have  been  a  little  colony  of  foreigners  in  this 
part  of  London,  for  of  the  names  of  the  neighbours  given  in  the 
abuttals,  one  Peter  Buchs,  certainly,  and  another,  Adam  Gerold, 
probably,  must  be  those  of  strangers.  This  deed  is  not  dated, 
but  from  the  names  of  the  witnesses,  John  de  Blount,  Mayor 


Feb.  13.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  449 

of  London,   and  Reginald  de  Thunderle,  and  William   Cosin, 
Sheriffs,  the  date  is  fixed  at  1305. 
The  text  of  this  deed  is  as  follows  : — 

Sciant  presentes  et  futuri  quod  Ego  Willelmus  dictus  Conrad  arbalistariu 
Illustrissimi  domini  Regis  Anglic  Dedi  concessi  et  hac  presenti  carta  mea  con- 
firmavi  Ricardo  de  Gloucestre  monetario  London'  totum  illud  tenementum  cum 
domibus  superedificatis  ac  omnibus  aliis  pertinenciis  snis  quod  habeo  in  parochia 
sancti  Dunstani  versus  turrim  London'.  Quod  quidem  tenementum  habui  ex 
concessione  Rogeri  filii  et  heredis  Andree  de  Essex  quondam  civis  London'. 
Situm  inter  tenementum  Ade  Gerold  versus  orientem  et  tenementum  Ricardi  dc 
Comptone  quod  de  dicto  Rogero  tenet  [pr?]o  perpetuo  versus  occidentem  [et] 
extendit  se  a  vico  Regio  versus  aquilonem  usque  ad  tenementum  Petri  Buchs 
versus  austrum  Habendum  [et  tenendum  supradictum  tene]  men  turn  cum  omnibus 
pertinenciis  suis  supradictis  [eodem  Ricardo]  et  heredibus  et  assignatis  suis 
[hiatus  in  MS.~]  et  assignatis  meis,  vel  cuicunque  et  quandocun[que]  pre- 
dictum  tenementum  cum  omnibus  suis  pertinentiis  dare  vcndere  legare  [assig- 
nare  ]  sen  quoquo  alio  modo  alienare  voluerit  libere  qui[ete  bene  et]  in 

pace  in  feodo  et  hereditate  imperpetuum  Reddendo  inde  annuatim  et  faeiendo 
capitalibus  dominre  feodi  servicia  inde  debita  et  consueta.  Et  nichilominus 
michi  et  heredibus  meis  aut  assignatis  vnum  clavum  Gariophyllii  ad  festum 
Natalis  Domini  pro  omnibus  serviciis,  exactionibus  et  rebus  cunctis.  Et  ego 
predictus  Willelmus  et  heredes  mei  et  assignati  totum  predictum  tenementum 
cum  omnibus  suis  pertinenciis  predicto  Ricardo  et  heredibus  suis  vel  suis  assig- 
natis contra  omnes  gentes  warantizabimus,  acquietabimus,  et  per  predictum 
servicium  defendemus  imperpetuum.  Ad  istam  warantizacionem  oblige  omnes 
terras  redditus  et  possessiones  que  in  potestate  mea  die  confectionis  presentis 
carte  existunt.  Pro  hac  autem  mea  donatione  concessione  et  presentis  carte 
mee  confirmacione  defensio  et  warantia  dedit  michi  predictus  Ricardus  quandam 
summam  pecunie  premanibus  in  Gersumam,  de  qua  bene  sum  c'ontentus.  In 
cujus  rei  testimonium  hanc  presentem  cartam  sigilli  mei  inpressione  roboravi. 
Hiis  testibus  :  Johanne  le  Blount  tune  maiore  London',  Reginaldo  'de  Thunderle 
et  Willelmo  Cosin  tune  Vicecomitibus  ejusdem  Civitatis,  Willelmo  de  Combe- 
martin  tune  illius  Warde  Aldermanno,  Petro  de  Blakeneye,  Waltero  de 
Fynchingfelde,  [Roberto  ?]  le  Macherman,  Ranulpho  de  Chilham,  Nicholao  de 
Hadle,  Henrico  Clerico,  et  multis  aliis. 

Seal.  Circular,  about  1  inch  in  diameter.  Device,  an  arblast' 
Legend,  S.  WILLI.  CONRAD. 

4.  The  next  document  is  a  feoffment  by  William  de  Wylbye, 
whereby  he  gives  to  Eobert  de  Aisshfeld  and  others  his  manor 
of  Boketon  Lake  and  lands  in  Boketon,  Stoke  fenges,  Wrottone, 
Bertonbyndych,  Outwelle  and  Upwell,  in  Norfolk.  With 
clause  of  warranty.  Dated  Thursday,  May  7th,  51  E.  III. 

The  seal  to  this  deed  represents  the  Emblems  of  the  Passion 
on  a  shield,  with  the.legend,  S.  WILLI.  WILBYE. 

The  passion  emblems  are  comparatively  rare  on  mediaeval 
seals.  In  January  1871  the  Treasurer  exhibited  an  example, 
being  the  seal  of  the  Guild  of  Corpus  Christi  at  Oxford.  (Pro- 
ceedings, 2d  S.  v.  66.)  Besides  the  seal  of  Corpus  Christi  College, 
Cambridge,  referred  to  011  the  occasion  of  Mr.  Ouvry's  exhi- 
bition, it  may  be  observed  that  the  same  subject  occurs  on  the 
seal  of  the  Friars  Minors  at  Cambridge,  described  in  Archgeo- 
logia,  xxviii.  462,  and  Arch.  Jo  urn.  ix.  99. 

Mr.  Franks  has  kindly  brought  a  fifth  seal  to-night  bearing 

VOL.  V.  2  G 


450  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

the  same  device.  It  is  circular,  |  inch  in  diameter.  The  em- 
blems of  the  Passion  are  treated  in  the  usual  way.  The  legend 
runs  thus :  +  VVLNERA  QVINQVE  DEI  CIT.  The  matrix,  of  bronze, 
was  found  at  Lakenheath,  in  Suffolk. 

The  legend  in  extenso  should  be  "  Vulnera  quinque  dei  sint 
medecina  mini."  CIT  seems  a  mis-engraving  for  SIT,  and  there 
being  no  more  room  the  last  part  of  the  legend  was  left  out.  This 
device  and  legend  were  no  doubt  considered  as  efficacious  charms. 
In  the  often-quoted  Stockholm  MS.*  this  pentameter  is  part  of  a 
charm  prescribed  for  the  unromantic  ailment  of  toothache. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communications. 


Thursday,  February  20th,  1873. 
AUGUSTUS  W.  FRANKS,  Esq.  Director,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors : — 

From  the  Honourable  A.  Dillon,  F.S.A.  : — Illustrations  of  Early  English 
Popular  Literature.  Edited  by  J.  Payne  Collier,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Vol.  2. 
Privately  printed.  4to.  London,  1864.  The  reprints  contained  in  this 
volume  are  the  following  : — 

1.  Report,  etc.  on  Printers  and  Stationers. 

2.  Parry's  Travels  of  Sir  A.  Sherley.     1601. 

3.  Becke  against  the  Anabaptists.     1550. 

4.  The  Comedy  of  Tyde  taryeth  no  Man.     1576. 

5.  Voyage  of  R.  Ferris  to  Bristol.     1590. 

6.  Broadsides  and  Speeches  to  Monck.     1660. 

7.  R.  Johnson's  Look  on  me  London.     1613. 

8.  W.  Bas's  Sword  and  Buckler.     1602. 

9.  A  Good  Speed  to  Virginia.     1609. 

10.  Copies  of  Early  Love-letters,  etc. 

11.  R.  Johnson's  Walks  of  Moorfields.     1607. 

12.  Verses  by  Walton,  Arnold,  and  Clinton. 

From  the  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society,  Manchester  : — Proceedings.  Vol. 
XII.  Nos.  5  and  6.  8vo.  Manchester,  1872-73. 

From  the  Royal  Institute  of  British  Architects :— Sessional  Papers,  1872-73. 
No.  6.  4to.  London,  1873. 

From  the  New-England  Historic,  Genealogical  Society  :— Proceedings  at  the 
Annual  Meeting,  January  1, 1873.  8vo.  Boston,  1873. 

From  the  Author : — Introduction  to  The  Practice  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Courts, 
8vo.  London,  1847.  By  H.  C.  Coote,  Esq.  F.S.A. 

*Arch£eologia,  xxx.  398. 


Feb.  20.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  451 

A  Vote  of  Special  Thanks  was  awarded  to  the  Honourable 
Arthur  Dillon,  F.S.A.  for  his  present  of  a  volume  of  the  Collier 
Reprints. 

JOHN  PAYNE  COLLIER,  Esq.  exhibited  and  presented  a  Broad- 
side, entitled  "  A  Decree  betwene  Churchy arde  and  Camell. 
Imprinted  at  London  by  Rychard  Haruey,  in  Foster  Lane." 
The  Donation  was  accompanied  by  the  following  letter  to  Fre- 
deric Ouvry,  Esq.  Treasurer. 

•     "Riverside,  Maidenhead,  17  Feb.  1873. 

"  MY  DEAR  TREASURER, 

"  You  may  remember  that  when  you  were  here,  some  short 
time  ago,  I  put  into  your  hands  two  very  early  Broadsides  in 
verse  ;  one  of  them  printed,  as  I  conjecture  (for  it  has  no  date, 
nor  name  of  printer  or  publisher),  belongs  to  the  reign  of 
Edward  VI.  or  Queen  Mary ;  and  the  other,  by  a  well-known 
ballad- writer  of  the  name  of  Elderton  or  Ilderton,  is  certainly  of 
a  date  soon  after  Elizabeth  came  to  the  throne.  The  first  of 
these  I  wish  you  to  add  to  your  own  fine  collection  of  Broadside- 
ballads  ;  and  the  last  I  request  you  to  present,  in  my  name,  to 
the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  because  it  forms  part  of  a  series  of 
versified  Broadsides  already  in  its  Library,  but  wanting  this 
single  production  to  render  the  set  complete.  All  the  separate 
Broadsides  will  then  belong  to  the  Society ;  and  in  that  state 
they  are  absolutely  unique. 

"  I  have  now  been  for  nearly  half  a  century  a  member  of  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries,  and,  when  this  particular  Broadside  was 
purchased  by  me  some  forty  years  ago,  I  did  not  know  that  it 
was  one  of  a  series  of  similar  productions,  all  of  which,  excepting 
only  that,  were  in  our  Library.  The  whole  series  was  collected 
and  printed  in  a  small  volume  in  1560,  under  the  title  "  The 
Contention  betwixt  Churchyard  and  Camell ;"  and  the  inspection 
of  that  tract  showed  me  the  sole  deficiency  of  our  series  :  it  is 
the  '  Decree,'  as  it  is  called  by  William  Elderton,  now  in  your 
hands,  and  to  which  I  first  adverted  in  my  work  on  English 
Bibliography,  published  eight  years  ago.  (Vol.  i.  p.  134.) 

"I  hope"  that  the  Society  will  allow  this  '  Decree '  to  be 
arranged  with  the  rest  of  the  Broadsides  in  the  Library. 

"  It  may  be  remembered  by  some  of  my  older  contemporaries 
in  our  Society  that,  not  long  after  my  name  was  enrolled  among 
them,  I  had  the  pleasure  of  adding  to  their  noble  assemblage  of 
prose  Proclamations  the  earliest  known  specimen  of  a  Broadside 
in  our  language,*  issued  upon  an  event  no  less  interesting  than 

*  This  Broadside,  according  to  Mr.  Bradshaw,  the  distinguished  Librarian  of 
the  University  of  Cambridge,  was  printed  in  London  by  Will,  de  Machlinia,  in 

2  G2 


452  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

the  marriage  of  Henry  VII.  with  Elizabeth  of  York,  which 
terminated  the  War  of  the  Roses.  Since  then,  having  had  the 
honour  of  passing  through  the  offices  of  Treasurer  and  Vice- 
President,  my  attachment  to  our  early  literature  has  naturally 
increased  my  interest  in  the  Library  of  our  Institution ;  and  as 
I  am  now  in  my  85th  year  I  shall  hope,  before  I  die,  to  contri- 
bute a  few  volumes  to  its  shelves  that  are  not  easily  to  be  pro- 
cured. 

"  With  this  note,  and  with  my  best  remembrances  to  all  who 
in  old  time  acted  with  me,  and  with  my  hearty  good  wishes  for 
the  usefulness  and  prosperity  of  tfie  Society  of  Antiquaries,  I 
respectfully  now  take  my  leave  of  it. 

"  Yours  most  sincerely, 

"  J.  PAYNE  COLLIER." 

In  Mr.  Collier's  work,  already  referred  to,  will  be  found  a 
list  of  all  the  pieces  connected  with  this  poetical,  or  at  any  rate 
versified,  controversy  as  reprinted  in  1560,  and  again  in  1565. 
Mr.  Collier  there  states  that  they  first  appeared  as  Broadsides, 
and  it  is  in  this  shape  they  are  found  in  the  Society's  Collections 
all  but  one,  called  "  Westerne  Wyll  upon  the  Debate  betwyxte 
Churchyarde  and  Camell."  In  the  Society's  Broadsides  is 
found  a  piece,  the  title  of  which  does  not  correspond  with  any 
of  those  given  by  Mr.  Collier  as  forming  the  contents  of  the 
collected  volume  he  describes.  It  is  entitled — "  M.  Harry 
Whobals  mon  to  M.  Camel,  greetes,"  &c.  There  are,  per  contra, 
two  pieces  in  the  book  which  are  not  among  the  Broadsides. 

W.  C.  BOULTER,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  and  presented: — 

I.  Photograph   of  Figures   found   at  Roos,   in    Holderness, 
East  Yorkshire,   in   the    Museum   of  the   Hull    Literary   and 
Philosophical  Society.  * 

II.  Political  sheets,  viz.  : — 

1.  Address  of  the  Lord  Mayor  and  Common  Council  to  the 
King  to  stop  a  Patent  for  the  Grant  of  a  Cattle   Market  in 
Conduit  Mead.     March  13,  1682. 

2.  The  Repeal,  or  the  Funeral  Procession  of  Miss  Am  eric- 
Stamp,  A.D.   1766.     Caricature  on  the  Stamp  Duty  Bill   for 
America. 

Holborn,  after  7th  Nov.  1485  (the  date  of  Parliament),  and  after  2nd  March, 
1485-6  (the  date  of  the  Bull).  See  Rymer.  Mr.  Collier  presented  it  on  May 
6th,  1852. 

*  These  figures  are  described  in  Poulson's  Holderness,  ii.  p.  99.  See,  too,  the 
Reliquary,  xi.  p.  203.  To  judge  from  the  photograph,  their  position  and  atti- 
tude seems  to  have  undergone  some  change  since  Poulson's  time. 


Feb.  20.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  453 

3.  The   Honourable    Charles  James  Fox.     Portrait  in  oval, 
J.  Baldrey,  sculptor.     April  12,  1781. 

4.  Paradise  Lost.     Caricature  of  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Fox 
and   Lord  John   Cavendish?      Published    17    July,    1782,    by 
Charles  Bretherton. 

5.  A  Coalition   Medal  struck  in  brass.     N.B.  The  Reverse 
may  be  expected  in  a  few  days.     Caricature  engraving.     Pub- 
lished 3rd   March,  1783,  by  Edward  Hedges.     Heads  of  Mr. 
Fox  and  Lord  North  ? 

Mrs.  ALEXANDER  KERR  exhibited  and  presented  a  Photo- 
graph of  six  Keys  from  the  originals  at  Pisa.  It  is  conjec- 
tured, from  the  spot  at  which  the  keys  were  found  in  the  Arno, 
that  they  may  have  belonged  to  the  "  Torre  della  fame," 

in  which  Ugolino  and  his  two  sons  and  two  nephews  perished. 

\ 

GEORGE  STRONG,  Esq-.  M.D.  Local  Secretary  of  the  Society 
for  Herefordshire,  exhibited  and  presented  a  pencil  sketch, 
by  Mrs.  Strong,  of  a  Doorway  at  Ross,  co.  Hereford,  with  the 
monograms  of  John  Kyrle  in  the  pediment,  and  a  tracing  of 
a  sketch  of  the  monogram. 

JAMES  FERGUSSON,  Esq.  F.R.S.  exhibited  and  presented 
lithographed  Plans  constructed  by  himself,  of  the  Buildings  of 
Constantine  at  Jerusalem,  restored  from  Eusebfus,  Arculfus, 
and  existing  remains. 

A.  W.  FRANKS,  Esq.  M.A.  Director,  exhibited  and  presented 
two  prints  engraved  by  T.  H.  Ellis,  viz.  :  — 

1.  Shakspere's  Birth-Place,  as  restored  in  1861-2,  at  Strat- 
ford-upon-Avon,  Warwickshire.    Drawn  by  F.  Shepard.    Proof. 

2.  Ann  Hathaway 's  Cottage. 

The  MARQUIS  of  HERTFORD  exhibited,  through  E.  P. 
SHIRLEY,  Esq.  F.S.A.  some  Anglo-Saxon  relics  found  in 
Ragley  Park,  Warwickshire.  It  appears  from  the  Minute 
Books  of  the  Society  that  these  objects  were  exhibited  on  the 
28th  January,  1836.  They  were  then  stated  to  have  been 
found  with  the  skeleton  of  a  female  in  the  boundary  fence  of 
Ragley  Park,  Alcester,  Warwickshire.  They  consist,  as  now 
exhibited,  of  the  following  objects  : — 

1.  A  large  cruciform  fibula  of  gilt  metal,  6  J  inches  in  length, 
and  3§  at  its  widest  part,  of  a  form  generally  found  in  midland 
and  eastern  counties.  The  surface  is  richly  gilt  and  ornamented. 
The  upper  or  rectangular  limb  has  at  each  angle  a  projection 
extending  f  inch  down  each  side,  a  feature  which  is  also  met 


454  PKOCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

with  in  a  brooch  found  at  Sarr,  and  figured  in  the  Archaeologia 
Cantiana,  vol.  vi.  p.  180.  In  the  centre  portion  of  the  lower 
limb  two  horned  animals  are  on  each  side  of  the  vertical  axis  of 
the  fibula,  with  their  heads  turned  backward ;  on  the  back  has 
been  soldered  a  kind  of  hasp.  The  whole  treatment  is  very 
remarkable.  A  woodcut  of  this  fibula  will  appear  in  a  future 
part  of  the  Archgeologia.  Similar  examples  may  be. seen  in 
Archseologia,  xli.  p.  480 ;  Pagan  Saxondom,  pi.  xx.  f.  1. 

2.  Two  smaller  bronze  fibulae,  the  upper  limb  semicircular, 
with  five  conical  projections,  the  lower  limb  tapering  to 'a  point ; 
length  3£  inches;   greatest  width  1£  inch.     A  brooch  of  the 
same  form  will  be  found  in  Douglas's  Naenia,  pi.  xv.  5.  • 

3.  A  small  iron  knife ;  length  4f  inches. 

4.  Portion  of  a  buckle,  elliptical  in  shape,  If  inch  by  1  inch. 
It  has  formerly  been  ornamented  with  paste  or  enamel. 

Along  with  the  objects  above  enumerated  was  sent  a  small 
bronze  dagger  or  knife,  with  the  remains  of  a  bronze  sheath  of 
late  date.  Length  5  J  inches.  This  purported  to  belong  to  the  same 
find  as  the  other  objects,  but  the  Minutes  of  the  Society,  already 
referred  to,  contained  nothing  to  corroborate  this  view,  which 
it  was  impossible  to  reconcile  with  the  colour  and  appearance  of 
the  bronze  dagger.  Diligent  inquiries  having  been  kindly  made 
by  the  Marquis  of  Hertford,  who  took  great  trouble  in  pro- 
curing the  testimony  of  those  who  were  present  at  the  discovery, 
there  seems  no  reason  to  doubt  that  the  bronze  dagger,  and  the 
sheath  belonged  as  little  to  the  Ragley  find  as  they  probably  did 
to  each  other. 

The  Royal  Institution  of  Cornwall  exhibited,  through  N. 
Whitley,  Esq.,  the  following  objects  : — 

1.  A  bronze  figure  belonging  to  a  crucifix,  found  about  the 
year  1812  at  the  bottom  of  Cam  on  Stream  works,  about  ten 
feet  below  the  then  bed  of  the  river.      It  appears   from  the 
general  treatment  to  be  of  the   fourteenth   century.     Length 
5  inches. 

2.  A   bronze   penannular   fibula,  found   in  a   tin-stream   at 
Lanivet  Gossmoor,  ten  feet  below  the  surface.     It  is  of  an  Irish 
type,  but  rather  more  simple  than  most  of  those  discovered  in 
Ireland.     Diameter  If  inch. 

3.  A  bronze  bull,  found  in  1832  near  the  foundation  of  an 
old  building  at  St.  Just  vicarage.     This  object  has  formed  the 
subject  of  an  elaborate  paper  by  Dr.  Birch,  in  the  Archaeological 
Journal,  vol.  viii.  p.  8,  where  it  is  also   figured.     Dr.   Birch 
arrives  at  the  conclusion  that  it  belongs  to  the  Roman  period, 
and  states  it  as  his  opinion  that  no  object  has  yet  been  found  in 
Britain  which  can  be  satisfactorily  identified  with  the  Phoonicians. 


Feb.  27.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  455 

4.  A  bronze  seal  ring,  found  in  a  stream  work  near  Penzance. 
It  bears  a  head  in  intaglio  on  the  bezel,  with  a  rose  on  the 
hoop,  and  seems  to  be  of  the  fifteenth  century. 

5.  Another  seal  ring,  with  the  letters  ti)C,  fifteenth  century. 

E.  P.  SHIRLEY,  Esq.  F.S.A.  communicated  a  paper  011  "  The 
Will,  Inventories,  and  Funeral  Expenses  of  James  Montagu, 
Bishop  of  Winchester.  Anno  1618.  From  the  original  in  the 
possession  of  Baroness  North."  This  communication  will  be 
published  in  the  Archgeologia. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communi- 
cations, a  Special  Vote  being  awarded  to  J.  P.  Collier,  Esq.  for 
his  valuable  Donation  of  a  rare  Broadside.  The  Secretary  was 
at  the  same  time  instructed  to  convey  to  Mr.  Collier  the  warmest 
good  wishes  of  the  Society. 


Thursday,  February  27th,  1873. 
J.  WINTER  JONES,  Esq.  V.P.,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  the  Rev.  W.  S.  Simpson,  M.A.  F.S.A.  :— A  Collection  of  Tracts  by  the 
late  Venerable  W.  H.  Hale,  M.A.  Archdeacon  of  London.  •  8vo.  London, 
1824-1869.  As  follows  :— 

1.  The  Apostle  Paul,  a  pattern  for  Christian  Ministers.     1824. 

2.  The  Pontifical  Law  of  Utensils,  and  repairs  of  Churches,  translated  and 
abridged  from  Fabius  Alberti.     1838. 

"  3.  A  charge  delivered  to  the  Clergy  of  the  Archdeaconry  of  St.  Alban's. 
1840. 

4.  Proposals  for  establishing  Colleges  for  examining  the  Qualifications  of 
Schoolmasters.     1843. 

5.  The  Government  Scheme  of  Education,  and  the  interests  of  .the  Estab- 
lished Church,  a  Charge.     1847. 

6.  A  Charge  delivered  to  the  Clergy  of  the  Archdeaconry  of  London.   1849. 

7.  A  Charge  delivered  to  the  same.     1851. 

8.  Extension  of  the  Ministry,  and  Revival  of  the  Order  of  Sub-Deacons,  a 
Charge.     1852. 

9.  Some  Account  of  the  Early  History  and  Foundation  of  the  Hospital  of 
King  James,  founded  in  Charterhouse.     1854. 

10.  Some  Account  of  the  Hospital  of  King  Edward  VI.   called  Christ's 
Hospital.     2nd  Edition.     1855. 

11.  Intramural  Burial  in  England,  a  Charge.     2nd  Edition.     1855. 

12.  A  Letter  to  the  Lord  Primate  on  Intramural  Burial. 

13.  Address  on  the  subject  of  the  New  Burial  Ground  at  Ilford.     1855. 

14.  The  present  state  of  the  Church  Rate  question.     2nd  Edition.     1859. 

15.  The  Designs  and  Constitution  of  the  Society  for  the  Liberation  of  Reli- 
gion from  State  Patronage  and  Control,  stated  and  explained.     1861. 


456 


PllOCEEDINGS  OF  THE 


[1873, 


16.  The  Duty  of  the  Archdeacons  as  respects  the  Eepair  of  .Chancels  and 
Glebe  Houses.     1863. 

17.  Clerical  Subscription  considered.     2nd  Edition.     1864. 

18.  The  Proceedings  relative  to  the  pulling  down  and  sale  of  the  Church  of 
St.  Benet  Gracechurch.     1866. 

19.  Lay  Agency  in  the  Church  considered.     1866. 

20.  The  Queen's  Supremacy  the  Constitutional  Bond  of  Union  between  the 
Church  of  England  and  her  branches  in  the  Colonies.     1867. 

21.  A  Legal  History  of  the  Supremacy  of  the  Crown  in  matters  of  Reli- 
gion.    1867. 

22.  An  Essay  on  the  Union  between  the  Church  and  the  State.    .1868. 

23.  The  Doctrine  and   Government  of  the  Anglican  Church  under  the 
supremacy  of  Henry  the  Eighth  considered.     1869. 

From  the  Author  : — A  brief  Notice  of  the  Maison  cle  Dieu  Hospital  at  Jlipon. 
By  Eev.  W.  C.  Lukis,  M.A.  F.S.A.  8vo.  Ripon,  1872. 

From  the  Editor,  LI.  Jewitt,  Esq.  F.S.A. :— The  Reliquary.  No.  51.  Vol.  xiii. 
January.  8vo.  London  and  Derby,  1873. 

Vrom  the  Author  :— Church  Goods  in  the  East  Riding  of  the  county  of  York, 
temp.  Edward  VI.  By  the  Rev.  M.  E.  C.  Walcott,  B.D.  F.S.A.  etc.  (From 
the  Reliquary,  vols.  12  and  13.)  8vo.  1872-73. 

W.  M.  WYLIE,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  a  cast  of  a  gold  Fibula 
or  Brooch  found  in  Hanover,  accompanied  by  the  following 
remarks  : — 

"  The  object  I  now  have  the  honour  of  exhibiting  to   the 


GOLD   BROOCH   FOUND  IN   HANOVER. 


Society  is  a  present  made  to  me  by  Dr.  Lindenschmit  of  May- 
ence,  and  a  good  example  of  accuracy  in  the  reproduction  of 
antiquities.  It  is  difficult,  indeed,  to  estimate  too  highly  the 


Feb.  27.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  457 

importance  of  these  fac-simile  representations  for  the  purposes 
of  comparative  archaeology. 

"  The  cast  before  us  (see  woodcut)  represents  a  gold  fibula, 
found  in  Hanover,  and  attributed  to  the  Carlovingian  period. 
On  the  central  boss  is  engraved  a  kind  of  fleur-de-lis,  and  on 
the  flat  surface  around  this  boss  is  a  very  peculiar  ornamenta- 
tion, which  very  much  assimilates  with  that  on  an  example  of 
Alamannic  phalerse  exhibited  here  last  year.  Dr.  Lindenschmit 
considers  this  ornamentation  very  remarkable,  and  the  Hano- 
verian fibula  before  us  is  the  only  relique  which  would  appear  to 
him  to  offer  any  degree  of  comparison." 

RICHARD  CAULFIELD,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited,  by  permission 
of  the  Rev.  James  Howie,  M.A.  Dean  of  the  Cathedral  Church 
of  St.  Colman,  Cloyne,  two  objects  of  considerable  interest 
which  had  recently  been  found  in  the  course  of  excavations 
within  the  precincts  of  the  chapter-house  of  that  cathedral. 
The  clay  which  formed  the  ground  beneath  the  pavement  in 
which  they  were  found  is  of  a  black  colour  mingled  with  human 
remains,  and  seems  to  have  been  formerly  much  used  as  a  place 
of  burial.  One  of  these  objects  was  a  very  beautiful  cross, 
4f  inches  by  4J-  inches,  which  had  probably,  at  one  period,  been 
fixed  011  a  shrine,  the  perforations  for  this  purpose  being  still 
observable.  It  will  be  figured  and  further  described  in  a  future 
part  of  the  Archseologia.  For  the  present  it  may  suffice  to  say 
that  it  probably  belongs  to  the  tenth  century  and  bears  a  consi- 
derable resemblance  to  the  figures  on  the  shrine  of  St.  Moedoc, 
published  in  the  Archasologia,  xliii.  p.  131.  The  See  of 
Cloyne,  it  may  be  observed,  ranks  among  the  oldest  in  -Ireland ; 
it  was  founded  by  St.  Colman  in  the  latter  part  of  the  6th 
century,  who  had  been  a  disciple  of  St.  Fin  Barre,  first  Bishop 
of  Cork.  Of  the  successors  of  St.  Colman  little  is  known  before 
the  arrival  of  the  English.  The  following  particulars  are  from 
the  Annals  of  the  Four  Masters.  A.D.  821.  Cucaech,  Abbot, 
died.  857.  Ua  Faealain,  Abbot.  884.  Reachtaidh,  a  learned 
Bishop,  died.  885.  Finnachta,  Abbot.  885.  Uamanain,  son  of 
Ceren,  Abbot.  1137.  The  houses-  and  churches  were  burned. 
1162.  Diarmaid-Ua-Laignen,  lector  of  Cloyne,  was  killed  by 
Ui-Ciarmhaia.  1167.  Ua-Flannain,  Bishop,  died. 

The  second  object  exhibited  by  Mr.  Caulfield  was  found  with 
the  cross,  but  is  of  a  very  different  date.  It  is  a  fragment  of  the 
staff  of  a  processional  cross  and  is  probably  of  late  fifteenth 
century.  The  length  of  the  fragment  was  1  foot  llf  inches,  and 
the  thickness  1^  inch.  It  was  ornamented  with  a  kind  of  leaf 
ornament  of  sexfoil  pattern.  At  each  end  was  a  knob  with 
hexagonal  projections  terminating  in  lozenge-shaped  ends. 


458  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

W.  H.  HART,  Esq.  F.S.A.  laid  before  the  meeting  the  fol- 
lowing paper  on  some  Northamptonshire  Proceedings  in  the  time 
of  James  I. : — 

"  I  beg  leave  to  bring  before  the  notice  of  the  Society  this 
evening  some  very  curious  and  entertaining  proceedings  in  the 
Court  of  Star  Chamber  in  the  reign  of  James  the  First,  the 
principal  features  of  which  are  some  libellous  verses  upon  the 
officers  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Court  of  Peterborough,  and  an 
allusion,  not  complimentary,  to  the  character  of  the  Lord  Chan- 
cellor, Lord  Bacon.  The  pleadings  themselves  contain  much 
legal  verbiage  with  which  it  would  be  unnecessary  to  trouble 
this  Society,  and,  therefore,  I  content  myself  with  a  brief  .ab- 
stract of  those  statements  and  allegations  which  are  immaterial 
to  us — applying  myself  more  particularly  to  those  parts  of  the 
proceedings  which  are  of  undoubted  interest.  To  the  best  of 
my  belief  they  have  never  yet  been  printed  or  noticed ;  and  I 
am  the  more  assured  of  this  because  they  were  for  some  time  in 
the  hands  of  our  late  respected  friend,  John  Bruce,  Esq.  who 
had  an  intention  of  reading  them  to  this  Society  with  illustrative 
observations,  but  for  some  reason — I  think  want  of  time — he 
gave  up  this  intention  ;  and  when  I  met  with  them  at  the  Public 
Ilecord  Office,  and  showed  them  to  him,  not  knowing  that  he 
had  previously  seen  them,  he  told  me  that  he  had  thought  of 
reading  them  here,  but  had  given  up  the  idea,  and  was,  there- 
fore, glad  to  find  that  I  had  taken  them  up.  This  was  not  very 
long  before  his  death ;  and  I  did  intend  to  have  produced  them 
to  this  Society  without  delay,  but  absence  from  London,  and 
other  causes,  stood  in  my  way,  and  I  have  not  been  able  to  give 
them  any  time  until  now. 

"  The  Bill  of  Complaint  in  the  Star  Chamber,  which  forms 
the  subject  of  these  observations,  appears  to  be  dated  in  the  fifth 
year  of  the  reign  of  King  James  the  First  It  states  that  the 
Plaintiff,  John  Lambe  of  Northampton,  gentleman,  was  pos- 
sessed of  the  rectory  of  Yardley  Hastings,  county  Northampton, 
and  the  tithes  thereof,  under  a  lease  from  David  Owen,  clerk, 
then  rector;  but  one  Jerome  Low  of  Yardley  Park,  county 
Northampton,  gentleman,  wishing  to  obtain  the  rectory  and  the 
tithe  corn  thereof,  on  August  30,  4  Eliz.  with  others,  assembled 
at  Deinton  and  took  away  the  tithe  corn,  whereupon  David  Owen 
procured  warrants  of  the  peace  against  Low  and  the  others,  and 
tried  to  serve  the  same  by  the  Constable  of  Yardley,  but  was 
unsuccessful,  for  some  of  the  riotous  persons  were  armed,  and 
so  resisted  and  made  their  escape. 

"  It  is  then  alleged  that  Francis  Low,  defendant's  son,  was  on 
September  1st,  4  Eliz.  apprehended  at  Deinton  by  one  of  the 
messengers  of  the  Queen's  Chamber  under  an  attachment  from 


Feb.  27.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUAEIES,  459 

the  High  Court  of  Commission,  but,  being  armed,  he,  with 
Richard  Skipp,  threatened  the  messenger  with  violence,  and 
being  reminded  that  he  was  bound  to  the  peace  he  replied  that 
he  cared  not  for  his  bond,  but  would  kill  any  man  who  offered 
to  take  the  tithes  which  were  his  father's.  He,  then,  with  other 
riotous  persons,  made  forcible  entry  into  the  parsonage  yard, 
broke  open  a  dove-house,  and  took  away  one  or  two  dozen 
pigeons,  and  then  met  on  the  green  and  said  that  plaintiff  should 
carry  no  tithe  corn,  which  plaintiff  tried  to  do,  but  was  pre- 
vented by  defendants. 

"  Francis  Lowe  then  made  a  violent  attack  on  the  plaintiff, 
and  on  their  again  attempting  to.  arrest  him  he  made  a  rescue. 

"  The  defendants,  after  having  thus  exhausted  their  power  of 
persecution  against  the  plaintiff  and  David  Owen,  then  turned 
their  attention  to  the  judges  and  officers  of  the  ecclesiastical 
court,  and  endeavoured  to  wreak  their  vengeance  upon  these 
dignitaries  by  writing  a  long  string  of  scurrilous  verses,  in 
which  each  individual  is  reflected  upon  in  libellous  terms. 

"  The  verses  are  in  the  form  of  a  dialogue.  A  maiden  is 
walking  alone,  and  a  man  overtaking  her,  asks  her  where  she 
lives,  why  she  walks  alone,  and  how  it  is  she  looks  so  pale  and 
sad ;  she  replies  that  it  is  not  her  dwelling-place,  nor  her 
walking  alone,  but  her  undoing  it  is  that  makes  her-  sad.  The 
man  then  asks  how  she  escaped  "  the  somner's  call  unto  the 
Court ;"  she  replies  that  she  was  cited  into  the  ecclesiastical 
court  for  incontinence,  and  then  she  and  the  man  discuss  the 
characters  of  the  judges  and  officials ;  and  it  is  in  this  way  that 
the  libels  are  introduced.  These  verses  run  to  considerable 
length,  and  then,  as  if  to  add  insult  to  injury,  they  close  with  a 
stanza  of  nine  lines,  insinuating  that  their  authorship  was  to  be 
ascribed  to  David  Owen,  for  this  stanza  is  headed,  Nomen 
Scriptoris,  and  it  is  in  the  form  of  an  acrostic  on  his  name. 

"  The  principal  persons  libelled  are  these  : — Henry  Hickman, 
Doctor  of  Laws,  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  the  county  of  North- 
ampton, a  Master  in  Chancery,  and  Chancellor  of  the  Diocese. 
His  skill  is  not  worth  two  straws,  but  that  is  no  matter,  because 
he  bought  his  place  of  the  Chancellor  for  £50 ;  Richard 
Butler,  B.D.  one  of  the  king's  chaplains  in  ordinary;  Justinian 
Bracegirdle,  M.A.  parson  of  Billing  Magna ;  David  Owen, 
before  mentioned,  substitute  to  the  archdeacon  of  Northampton  ; 
Thomas  Lambe,  Notary  Public  and  Registrar  of  the  Diocese ; 
William  Painter,  Richard  Stockwell,  and  Christopher  Mid- 
dleton,  proctors  in  the  Chancellor's  Court." 

The  verses  are  as  follows  : — 


460 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 


[1873, 


A  wench  miscaried  had  been  at  the  court, 

As  softly  she  walked  along  the  way 
A  travailing  man  her  overtooke, 

And  thus  to  her  began  to  say  : — 
MAN.          How,  now,  faire  maid,  where  dwellest  thou  ? 

How  dar'st  thou  walke  thus  all  alone  ? 
What,  what  me  thinkes  thou  lookest  but  pale, 
As  though  in  hart  thou  madest  great  moane. 
WOMAN.    For  dwelling  place  it  matters  not, 

Nor  yet  for  walking  all  alone, 
But  greife  and  sorrowe  makes  me  pale 

And  inwardly  to  sigh  and  groane. 
MAN.          Yf  I  a  strainger  might  request 

To  knowe  the  cause  of  this  your  greife 
I  would  do  the  best  I  could 

To  yeild  unto  the  some  releif . 
WOMAN.     Thankes,  honest  man,  for  theise  good  words, 

For  freindes  are  geason  *  every  where, 
Therefore  will  I,  though  to  my  shame, 

Make  streight  my  f altes  for  to  appeare. 
And  thus  yt  is  poore  wofull  wench 

Which  did  consent  to  maisters  call, 
And  he  like  wanton  with  me  plaide, 

Which  now  hath  bredd  my  utter  fall. 
MAN  Alas  poore  soule  why  diddest  thou  so 

To  fall  from  grace  to  filthy  sport  ? 
Yet  tell  me  how  thou  hast  escap'd 

The  somners  call  unto  the  Court  ? 
WOMAN.    Escape,  quoth  yow,  that  could  not  be, 

Although  I  was  from  home  conveyed 
And  closely  kept  at  Maisters  charge 

Untill  such  time  as  I  was  laid. 
For  Loftes  he  that  craftie  Knave 

By  cunning  shift  did  finde  me  out, 
And  summoned  me  for  to  appeare 

Streight  at  Northampton  without  doubt. 
MAN.          Why  did  the  Churchmen  yow  present 

Unto  their  Court  so  spedily  ? 
WOMAN.    No,  no,  indeede,  I  thinke  not  so, 
Yt  was  the  somners  knaverie. 
MAN.          They  did  yow  wrong,  they  cannot  fetch 

By  a  Quorum  nomina  any  one. 
WOMAN.     A  murren  take  them  for  their  paines, 

When  they  doe  call  we  must  be  gone. 
MAN.          Yf  Loftes  brought  the  proces  out, 

Then  Hickman  sitts  in  judgment  seate  : 
A  vertuous  man  and  learned,  both 
Full  of  love  and  in  mercie  great. 
WOMAN.     There  comes  flinging  to  the  church 

As  though  his  leggs  he  would  cast  of. 
No  verteous  man  as  I  suppose, 

For  often  times  he  did  me  scoffe,    • 
He  turns  his  hatt  uppon  the  brim, 

And  lookes  as  though  his  eyes  would  burn, 
He  snappes  poore  people  by  the  nose, 

And  scornfully  from  them  doth  turne. 
An  other  Chuffin  he  comes  in, 

And  some  doe  say  he  loves  the  pope, 
With  face  as  fatt  as  Abbots  arse, 


*  Scarce. 


Feb.  27.  | 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES. 


461 


And  bearde  enough  to  make  a  rope. 
Sometimes  there  sitts  a  stuttering  asse, 

With  coller  pind  up  to  the  chin, 
As  proude  as  peacock  is  that  foole, 

Although  his  skill  not  worth  a  pin. 
Sometimes  there  sitts  a  pratling  jack, 

Who  takes  uppon  him  matters  great, 
I  thinke  he's  proude  and  beggerly, 

And  yet  presumes  into  that  seate. 
Lord  how  that  he  envies  at  those 

Which  doe  offend  in  any  kinde, 
As  though  he  were  an  honest  man 

In  worke,  in  word,  and  eke  in  mynde. 
But  where  he  dwells,  as  I  heare  say, 

A  bawdie  somner  will  he  be, 
To  call  good  men  unto  the  Court 

Which  are  more  honest  farr  then  he. 
MAN.          All  these  foure  full  well  I  knowe, 

Hickman  is  the  formost  man, 
Sure  I  thinke  he's  proude  enough 

And  very  froward  now  and  than  ; 
He  sitts  in  seat  to  judge  aright, 

But  matters  oft  doe  go  awry, 
And  many  faultes  are  smothered  up, 

But  most  of  all  in  lecherie. 
WOIVLAN.     That  may  well  be  indeede,  good  Sir, 

Where  men  of  welth  do  so  offend, 
For  money  I  thinke  is  all  their  toile, 

And  welcome  most  that  most  may  spend 
MAN.          Butler  next  falls  in  the  ranck 

As  yow  did  count  them  unto  me, 
Surely  he's  an  honest  man 

And  voide  of  most  hypocrisie ; 
But  no  man  lives  that  hath  no  fait, 

And  all  in  some  thing  doe  offend, 
He  would  by  pride  exalted  be 

A  Bishop's  living  for  to  spend. 
A  girdle  of  Brasse  from  Billing  Great 

Is  third  of  this  Judiciall  Court, 
A  stuttering  foole  I  thinke  he  is, 

And  never  goodnes  goes  about. 
Yf  I  had  time  to  tell  yow  all 

Of  that  he  doth  in  everie  place, 
I  should  his  falts  make  manifest 

And  much  his  doltshippe  should  disgrace. 
WOMAN.     Yf  please  yow,  Sir,  to  give  me  leave 

To  tell  what  I  heard  others  say, 
As  I  was  at  their  baudie  Court 

To  wayte  for  doome  this  other  day. 
Seest  thou,  quoth  one,  that  doult  that  sitts 

In  seate  to  judge  our  cause  aright, 
The  skill  he  hath  and  learning  both 

Not  worth  two  strawes  in  all  men's  sight. 
That  matters  not,  the  other  said, 

His  purse  hath  bought  him  this  renowne 
For  fiftie  poundes  the  Chauncellor  hath, 

Or  els  this  asse  should  streight  come  downe. 
And  so  with  manny  checks  and  taunts 

Uppon  this  woodcock  they  did  play, 
Which  some  thing  did  releive  my  hart 

To  passe  the  irksome  time  away. 
MAN.          That's  true  indeede,  as  I  have  heard, 


PBOCEEDINGS  OF  THE 


[1873, 


But  that's  a  matter  least  of  all 
(The  Chauncellor  must  maintained  be, 

Least  that  his  pride  should  have  a  fall). 
He's  worse  at  home  with  his  poore  wife, 

A  wife  two  good  for  him  indeede, 
And  till  such  time  he  use  her  better, 

I  wish  to  God  he  may  ill  speede. 
Northampton  men  have  all  his  corne 

Because  he  will  still  keepe  her  bare, 
He  feedes  her  still  ast  were  an  ape, 

With  knocks  for  to  increase  her  care. 
She's  deafe  with  blowes  about  the  heade 

His  knavish  fist  doth  strike  so  hard, 
Although  there  doe  come  in  by  her 

Ten  poundes  a  yeare,  as  I  have  heard. 
Hele  sometimes  in  his  frantick  vaine 

Cast  meat  and  pottage  in  the  streetes, 
And  then  he  foames  ast  were  a  bore, 

And  Uh  !  he  cries  to  all  he  meetes. 
Pie  meat  he  tramples  under  feete, 

And  piggs  into  the  washtubb  putts  ; 
Milke  boules  and  panchons  often  breakes, 

I  would  they  were  all  in  his  gutts. 
With  neighbours  he's  unquiet  still 

And  brings  them  to  the  Court  likewise, 
To  make  some  peasaunts  to  grow  rich, 

Which  by  that  Court  do  often  rise. 
WOMAN.    I  pray  yow,  Sir,  leave  of  for  shame 

To  painte  this  asse  in  colours  greene, 
I  would  yt  were  my  punishment 

To  leade  him  in  cordes  for  to  be  seene ; 
And  so,  good  Sir,  God  be  with  yow, 

For  here  I  thinke  our  way  must  parte. 
Good  Lord,  forgive  me  all  my  sinnes, 

And  ease  me  of  my  greife  and  smart. 
MAN.          Nay,  stay  a  while,  and  thou  shalt  have 

An  other  judge  to  goe  with  thee, 
A  prouder  knave  then  all  the  rest, 

And  drouned  in  vile  base  beggery. 
Owen  hes  cald  as  I  suppose, 

A  parson  poore  and  ever  bare, 
Which  of  his  word  his  hand  or  othe 

Had  never  any  honest  care. 
Some  of  his  freinds  with  pittie  moved 

Did  wish  indeede  to  doe  him  good, 
And  in  his  neede  and  misery 

Alwaies  full  close  unto  him  stood. 
But  he  for  to  requite  their  love 

Doth  plaie  the  sorry  knave  amaine, 
And  packs  with  others  as  lewde  as  he 

His  good  freinds  creditt  for  to  staine. 
But  lett  him  go  now  I  the  pray, 

Come  tell  me  how  thy  matter  speedes, 
And  what  the  Court  doth  say  to  the 

For  these  thy  former  evell  deedes. 
WOMAN.    Sure  I  knowe  not  well,  good  Sir, 

How  they  doe  meane  to  deale  with  me, 
There  are  so  many  prates  and  talks 

And  speakes  of  nought  but  crueltie, 
There  sitts  in  compasse  of  a  barre 

A  many  knaves  with  night  caps  wrought. 
Some  scoules,  some  scoffes,  some  taunts  me  up, 


Feb.  27.] 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES, 


463 


I  thinke  because  my  welth  is  nought. 
There's  one  lookes  up  uppon  the  judge, 

And  what  he  sales  yt  goes  for  pay, 
Which  thing  I  think  doth  make  him  proud 

That  in  the  Court  he  beares  such  sway. 
Some  call  him  lambe,  but  yet  miscald 

A  craf tie  fox  he  surely  is, 
For  where  he  goes  in  feild  or  towne 

He  of  his  pray  cloth  seldorne  misse. 
MAN.          Yow  are  ith  right  for  that  is  he 

That  takes  ech  noughtie  cause  in  hand, 
And  doth  with  face  of  brasse  or  worse 

Ech  honest  cause  and  just  withstand. 
He  doth  by  slights  and  cuning  shifts 

His  letters  send  out  everie  where, 
A  sort  of  craftie  knaves  to  pack 

Uppon  his  Jurie  to  appeare. 
Some  papists  eke  doe  serve  his  turne, 

That  he  againe  may  help  them  out, 
t  As  Denton  Flamsted  well  can  tell, 

And  eke  his  wife  that  lives  in  doubt 
Of  every  somner  knave  that  comes 

Or  strainger  els  that  she  doth  see, 
Because  she  comes-not  to  the  church 

But  lives  in  dreggs  of  poperie. 
WOMAN.     An  other  lambe  is  in  their  Court, 

But  hes  a  cade  and  easilie  tane, 
And  led  toth  alehowse  by  the  home 

Till  ale  doe  breede  his  druncken  bane. 
Yet  in  the  Court  he  prateth  mutch, 

And  sitts  and  serves  the  foxes  turn, 
Would  I  were  ridd  of  all  the  knaves 

So  in  the  fire  I  saw  them  burn. 
There's  eke  a  face  of  Goldsmith  worke 

Besett  with  pearle  and  pockie  stone, 
His  eyes  almost  are  druncken  out, 

More  ys  the  pitty  they  are  not  gone. 
MAN.          That's  Midleton  that  filthie  rogue 

In  Peterborow  that  plaid  the  knave, 
And  brought  the  divell  uppon  the  stage, 

Which  in  the  end  his  soule  will  have. 
Ther's  never  man  alive  did  see 

A  filthier  paunch  and  uglie  face, 
.«   Which  in  his  life  doth  live  so  lewde, 

In  filthy  acts  void  of  all  grace. 
WOMAN.     Sir,  lett  him  goe,  be  what  he  will, 

For  whome  he  serves  he  will  obey, 
And  in  the  end  shall  wage.s  have 

To  weepe  and  houle  both  night  and  day. 
One  Hickman  eke  doth  sitt  and  prate, 

But  yet  his  clients  are  but  fewe, 
Me  thinks  he  speakes  so  poorly  still 

As  though  the  lawe  he  scantly  knewe. 
MAN.          No  mervaile  that  for  he  of  late 

Came  frome  the  banck  of  marchants  rout, 
No  other  meanes  was  to  be  founde 

But  baudie  matters  must  help  out ; 
And  contnaunce  from  our  brother  judge 

Which  sitts  and  sees  fewe  men  have  right, 
And  as  he  favours  proctors  prate, 

So  goes  the  matters  home  at  night. 
WOMAN.     Some  more  there  are  not  worth  the  name, 


464 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 


[1873, 


As  Painter  with  his  head  so  great, 
Yet  gripeing  hands  for  greedy  gaine 

Doth  make  him  ritch  in  corne  and  wheate. 
An  other  I  thinke  is  Stockwell  calld, 

With  lookes  most  uglie  in  his  cappe, 
Yet  fatt  he  is  and  shewes  like  brawne 

As  if  the  divell  had  given  pappe. 
MAN*  That's  he  that  stole  the  wench  away 

Prom  Peterborowe,  as  I  thinke, 
And  now  he  lives  on  others  sinnes, 

Or  els  ith  ditch  he  might  go  sinke. 
O  Lord,  that  men  would  now  be  wise, 

To  flie  from  sinne  unto  the  Lord, 
Then  must  these  Courts  cast  of  some  knaves, 

Which  of  good  men  are  so  abhord. 
But  pray  the  tell  me  what  thou  thinkes 
What  will  become  of  maisters  paine  ? 
WOMAN.    He  shalbe  punished  by  the  purse, 

So  baudie  knaves  yet  baudie  gaine. 
MAN.          Where  is  the  childe  that  he  begott, 

Doth  he  it  keepe  at  his  owne  charge  ? 
WOMAN.    No,  no,  goodman,  the  childe  is  deade, 

And  now  he  raves  on  me  at  large, 
And  bids  the  Court  should  punish  me 

To  be  example  unto  other. 
Wo  me,  poore  wench,  thus  foule  betraid, 

When  he  with  coine  his  sinnes  may  smother. 
MAN.          I  would  begon  then,  lett  them  seeke 
If  they  could  finde  me  anywhere. 
WOMAN.     That's  not  the  best,  as  I  suppose, 

Least  that  I  buy  my  going  dere. 
MAN.          Well,  woman,  then  He  take  my  leave, 

Exhorting  the  for  to  repent, 
And  never  to  committ  the  like 

Least  thou  therefore  be  further  shent. 
WOMAN.    I  thanke  yow,  Sir,  with  all  my  hart, 

And  so  with  teares  my  leave  I  take, 
Trusting  that  God  will  me  forgive 
For  Jhesus  Christ  his  dere  sonnes  sake. 
FINIS. 

NOMEN  SCRIPTORIS. 

D  Diverse  men  are  deadly  foes 

A  And  enemies  to  god  above, 

V  Vile  in  conditions  and  their  deedes 

I  111  favoured  froward  voide  of  love, 

D  Divelish  in  hart  and  beggers  prove 

O  Onely  in  wordes  they  make  a  shewe, 

W  When  of  some  freinds  they  stand  in  neede, 

E  Ever  coging  and  lying  toe, 

N  Never  true  in  word  nor  deede. 

The  libell  was  superscribed  with  these  words  following  :  — 

Oh  tread  not  on  me,  take  up 
Least  that  my  foes  should  light  on  me, 
Better  it  were  they  all  were  hanged 
Then  ever  I  should  their  faces  see. 

The  defendants,  having  thus  abused  the  officers  of  the  Eccle 
siastical  G  jurfc  to  their  hearts'  content,  then  turned  their  atten 


Feb.  27.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  465 

tion  to  various  noblemen  and  gentlemen,  Justices  of  the  Peace 
for  Northampton,  and  also  the  High  Sheriff  of  the  county,  and 
composed  another  set  of  verses  reflecting  upon  their  characters 
in  no  measured  terms.  The  persons  libelled  this  time  were  Sir 
Edward  Mountagu,  Sir  Eichard  Knightley,  Sir  Anthony 
Mildmay,  Sir  George  Farmer,  Sir  William  Lane,  Sir  Edward 
Watson,  Sir  Eusebius  Isham,  knights,  Arthur  Brookes,  esquire, 
and  William  Prythergh,  Doctor  of  Laws,  Justices  of  the  Peace, 
and  Sir  William  Samwel,  knight,  High  Sheriff  of  the  county  of 
Northampton. 

The  verses  are  as  follows  : — 

Neighbour  Leister  by  your  leave, 
Your  peace  keepers  we  perceive, 
By  your  letter  late  sent  out 
Which  your  Justices  did  flout, 
Whereof  much  yow  were  to  blame 
\        So  your  rulers  for  to  shame. 
We  wilbe  more  honest  men 
Nor  so  black  with  inke  and  pen, 
No  such  sleight  sinnes  as  yours, 
Most  of  our§  are  past  cures. 
First  our  Lords  must  lead  the  way, 
For  they  all  doe  run  astray. 
Mountague  our  newe  made  knight, 
Bathed  for  gould  with  ribbons  dight, 
Thinkes  himself  no  meane  man 
For  a  wise  word  now  and  than. 
Faine  he  would  be  thought  precise, 
Better  it  were  for  to  be  wise. 
Kichard  Knightley,  gaping  Dicke, 
Never  was  without  a  trick. 
But  yet  oft  failed  in  the  proofe, 
Hurt  he  did  but  no  behoofe. 
Proude  he  was  and  paid  full  well 
For  that  sect  as  some  can  tell,' 
But  his  head  is  farre  too  great 
To  worke  any  wyly  feate. 
Mildmay  that  combersome  knight, 
Scornes  out  warrants  for  to  write, 
Thinkes  himself  to  be  too  wise 
For  our  sessions  or  our  size, 
Yet  by  his  leave  he  runs  astray, 
And  plaid  the  wanton  many  a  day, 
Which  made  his  pate  so  soone  turn  gray. 
Farmer  f  aine  would  be  .a  Lord, 
But  his  wife  cannot  afford 
Money  for  her  hopefull  daies, 
When  she  thinkes  on  wanton  plaies. 
Barren  he  to  Barnett  went 
By  the  way  in  state  he  spent 
Till  cold  comfort  mett  him  there, 
Lord  how  altered  was  his  chere. 
Falne  again  unto  a  farmer 
Yet  he  paid  full  well  the  charmer, 
Goes  to  church  but  not  receives, 
So  the  King  and  lawes  deceaves, 
And  he  ever  cleaves  to  those 
VOL.  V,  2  H 


466  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

Which  the  world  for  papists  knowes,        '    .- 

And  makes  gaine  full  oft  by  theeves 

And  lives  in  dainger  of  the  shreives. 

Lane  the  querrie  Courts  it  much 

And  sometimes  a  suit  doth  touch, 

But  London  cardes  and  baudie  wenches 

Makes  his  Horton  have  bare  benches. 

Samuell  not  the  holy  prophett 

But  Samuel  that  makes  his  p'fitt, 

By  hording  up  of  all  old  ends, 

Keeping  close  what  so  God  sends. 

He  that  sayes  that  all  his  having 

Is  increast  by  wary  saving  ; 

His  father  was  an  Auditor, 

And  he  is  now  a  purchaser. 

Tanfield  he  hath  quite  turned  out, 

And  yet  doth  live  but  like  a  lout, 

When  any  thing  is  to  be  spent 

He's  from  home  and  forth  he  went, 

All  his  men  have  trades  beside 

To  serve  at  table  or  els  to  ride, 

For  fewe  of  them  on  horseback  come, 

Of  footmen  they  supply  the  roome. 

Never  was  there  any  shreive 

Had  fewer  hanging  on  his  sleive, 

Yet  most  of  them  are  to  him  lent, 

To  wast  was  never  his  intent, 

Makes  the  Justices  at  their  meeting 

Fast  and  pray,  such  are  their  greeting. 

Watson  waites  on  good  ale, 

And  then  he  tells  a  baudie  tale  ; 

But  most  of  all,  when  Brookes  is  by 

Both  are  perfect  in  a  ly, 

And  both  doe  love  a  baudie  howse 

And  strong  sack  for  to  carouse. 

Isham,  he  loves  well  a  whore 

Which  hath  lessened  much  his  store, 

Hath  witt  enough  to  keepe  a  hawke, 

Though  not  wisely  for  to  talke, 

He  hath  ben  long  lenders  debtor, 

Yet  I  feare  is  never  the  better. 

As  for  peevish  Prytherow, 

Hees  a  dunce  we  all  do  knowe  ; 

A  welchman  that  for  gaine  will  doe 

A  badd  knavish  trick  or  two. 

All  the  rest  He  putt  togeather, 

And  wrapp  them  up  in  a  calves  lether, 

Unworthy  for  my  pen  to  touch. 

Crowners  may  be  made  of  such, 

Well  may  they  unjusticed  be 

For  their  insufficiencie, 

And  for  all  their  heate  and  fury 

Be  turned  back  to  the  grand  Jury. 

Seeke  not  for  me,  out  of  doubt 

You  will  never  find  me  out. 

Amend  your  manners,  be  men  new, 

All  this  I  write  is  too  trewe, 

And  so  I  bidd  yow  all  adewe. 

The  culmination  however  of  the  proceedings  is  reached  in 
the  final  complaint  of  the  bill,  which  is  so  graphic  in  its  details, 


March  6.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  467 

coarse  though  they  may  be,  that  I  cannot  do  better  than  read  it 
to  this  Society,  and  therewith  close  these  remarks. 

And  your  said  subject  further  informeth,  that  the  said  libelling  and  seditious 
persons  abovenamed,  as  well  knowne  as  unknowne,  uppon  or  aboute  the  twenty- 
second  day  of  October  now  last  past,  in  the  Consistorie  of  the  now  Lord  Bishop 
of  Peterborowe,  scituate  within  the  parish  church  of  All  Saints  in  Northampton 
(being  a  place  used  for  publique  administration  of  justice  in  causes  eccle- 
siasticall  within  that  Dioces),  did  in  most  obscene,  beastly,  and  filthie  manner 
with  their  ordure  and  excrements  of  nature  defile  the  table  standing  in  the 
middest  of  the  said  Consistorie  aboute  which  the  Judge  and  other  officers  of  the 
said  Court  doe  use  to  sitt,  leaving  then  and  there  their  said  filthy  excrements 
behinde  them  uppon  the  said  table  even  at  that  instant  day  and  time  when  the 
ecclesiasticall  Court  was  then  and  there  readie  presently  after  to  be  holden.  And 
having  so  done  they  publiquely  scoffed  and  mocked  at  the  said  ecclesiasticall 
Court,  and  the  officers  thereof,  and  greatly  rejoysed,  derided,  laughed,  and 
bragged  of  that  most  filthie  act  to  the  high  dishonor  and  displeasure  of 
Almightie  God  in  respect  of  the  place,  and  to  the  intollerable  contempt  of  your 
Majesties  ecclesiasticall  lawes  and  justice  thereby  executed. 

Thanks  were*  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communications. 


Thursday,  March  6th,  1873. 
EARL  STANHOPE,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors : — 

From  the  Author : — An  Account  of  the  Saxon  Church  of  St.  Laurence, 
Bradford-on-Avon,  by  the  Rev.  W.  H.  Jones,  M.A.  F.S.A.  4to.  Devizes. 

From  the  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society  of  Manchester  : — Proceedings. 
Vol.  XL  No.  15  ;  Vol.  XII.  No.  7.  8vo.  Manchester,  1872-3. 

From  the  Royal  Archseological  Institute  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  : — The 
Archaeological  Journal.  No.  115.  8vo.  London,  1872. 

From  the  Author  :— Two  Centuries  of  Ceramic  Art  in  Bristol,  being  a  History 
of  the  Manufacture  of  "  The  True  Porcelaine,"  by  Richard  Champion. 
With  an  account  of  the  Delft,  Earthenware,  and  Enamel  Glass  Works, 
from  original  sources.  By  Hugh  Owen,  F.S.A.  8vo.  London,  1873. 

From  the  Royal  College  of  Physicians  :— List  of  the  Fellows,  Members,  Extra- 
Licentiates,  and  Licentiates.  8vo.  London,  1873. 

From  the  Author  : — Memorandum  as  to  Oaths  and  Statutory  Declarations,  &c. 
By  J.  M.  Davenport,  Esq.  F.S.A.  8vo.  Oxford,  1873. 

From  the  Author  :— Preces  Veterum,  sive  orationes  devotee  ex  operibus  SS. 
Hieronymi,  •  Augustini,  Bedge  Venerabilis,  Alcuini,  Anselmi,  Bernardi, 
aliorumque  Sanctorum,  atque  e  Liturgiis  Primitivis,  excerptee ;  et  in  usum 
hodiernorum  Ecclesias  Anglicans  filiorum  accommodate  ;  pluribus  cum 
Hymnis  coasvis.  Collegit  et  edidit  Joannes  F.  France,  S.A.L.S.  8vo. 
London,  1872. 

G.  W.  Marshall,  Esq.  was  admitted  a  Fellow. 

2  H  2 


468  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

P.  W.  JUSTYNE,  Esq.  exhibited  and  presented  -a  portrait 
print  of  the  late  Thomas  Bateman,  Esq.  of  Lomberdale  and 
Middleton,  Derbyshire,  the  well-known  author  of  "  Ten  Years' 
Diggings  in  Celtic  and  Saxon  Grave  Hills,  in  the  counties  of 
Derby,  Stafford,  and  York."  Engraved  by  H.  Adlard.  Pri- 
vate Plate. 

HUGH  OWEN,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  and  presented  : — 

1.  A  Proclamation  touching  Coygnes.     Dated  4th  of  May, 
1554,  the  first  year  of  Queen  Mary's  reign.     One  leaf  folio. 
The  left-hand  corner,  from  the  fourteenth  line  of  the  text  to  the 
end,  torn  away.     Printed  by  John  Cawood.     London, -1554.  , 

2.  "A  Copy  of  a  Letter  written   by   Our    Saviour  Jesus 
Christ."      A   Broadside   without    date ;    but    probably   of   the 
18th  century.     It  includes  "  Lentulus's  Epistle  to  the  Senate  of 
Rome,  containing  a  Description   of  Jesus  Christ,"   "  Christ's 
Cures   and   Miracles,"    and    "  K.    Agbarus's    Letter  to   Our 
Saviour." 

Sir  JOHN  LUBBOCK,  Bart.  M.P.  F.S.A.  laid  before  the  meeting 
a  paper  on  "  The  Troad,"  embodying  the  results  of  observations 
made  during  a  tour  in  Asia  Minor  in  the  autumn  of  1872. 
This  paper  will  be  published  in  the  Archseologia. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  paper,  and  of  the  discussion  which 
followed,  in  which  Rear -Admiral  Spratt  bore  a  principal  part, 
Earl  Stanhope  rose  to  propose  the  Following  Resolution,  which 
was  carried  nemine  contradicente.  The  Secretary  was  instructed 
to  forward  it  to  the  Right  Hon.  Robert  Lowe,  M.P.  Chancellor 
of  the  Exchequer. 

"  The  Society  of  Antiquaries,  on  hearing  read  this  day  the  able 
notes  on  the  Troad,  drawn  up  only  a  few  months  since  by  their 
Fellow,  Sir  John  Lubbock,  are  strongly  impressed  with  the  con- 
viction how  much  the  elucidation  of  the  still  very  doubtful  sites 
would  be  promoted  by  a  thorough  and  scientific  exploration  of 
the  tumular  barrows  on  and  around  the  plain.  These,  as  Sir 
John  Lubbock  shows,  have  been  up  to  this  time  either  not 
explored  at  all,  or  explored,  with  one  or  two  exceptions,  only  in 
a  slight,  or  perfunctory,  and  an  unauthorised  manner.  Remem- 
bering, however,  the  practical  results  and  the  European  fame 
which  has  attended  the  re-discovery,  as  it  may  truly  be  termed, 
of  the  Temple  of  Diana  at  Ephesus,  under  the  direction  of  the 
trustees  of  the  British  Museum,  and  at  the  recommendation  of 
the  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  to  the  House  of  Commons,  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries  are  desirous  of  appealing  on  this  point 
also  to  the  well-known  classical  attainments  and  investigating 


March  13.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  469 

spirit  of  Mr.  Lowe.  They  would  therefore  request  and  autho- 
rise Earl  Stanhope,  as  their  President,  to  communicate  with 
the  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  and  point  out  to  him  in  the 
name  of  the  Society  the  exploration  of  the  Troad  barrows  as  an 
object  not  inferior  in  interest  to  the  recent  researches  at  Ephesus, 
and  on  all  accounts  well  worthy  of  our  national  renown." 

N.B. — The  following,  according  to  Sir  John  Lubbock,   are 
the  names  of  the  principal  barrows,  which  it  would  be  desirable 
to  bring  within  the  scope  of  the  above  Resolution  :— 
Tumulus  of  Achilles. 
,,  Patroclus. 

„  Ajax. 

,,  Priam. 

,,          Hector. 
Ujek  Tepe. 
Hanai  Tepe. 
Beschik  Tepe. 

On  the  motion  of  the  President,  it  was  resolved  that  Petitions 
in  favour  of  the  "  Ancient  Monuments"  Bill,  of  which  the 
second  reading  was  fixed  for  the  12th  March,  should  be  sent  in 
from  the  Society  to  both  Houses  of  Parliament. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Commu- 
nications. 


Thursday,  March  13th,  1873. 
AUGUSTUS  W.  FRANKS,  Esq.  V.P.  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  io  the  Donors  : — 

.From  the  Cambrian  Archaeological  Association  : — Archaaologia  Cambrensis. 
Fourth  Series.  Vol.  IV.  No.  13.  January.  8vo.  London,  1873. 

From  the  Editor,  Rev.  W.  J.  Loftie,  B.A.  F.SA.  :— The  Latin  Year,  a  Collection 
of  Hymns  for  the  Seasons  of  the  Church,  selected  from  mediaeval  and 
modern  authors.  Parti.  Lent  and  Easter.  8vo.  London,  1873. 

From  the  Committee  of  the  Guildhall  Library  : — A  Catalogue  of  Engraved 
Portraits,  Topographical  Drawings  and  Prints,  Coins,  Gems,  Autographs, 
Antiquities,  and  Works  of  Art,  exhibited  at  the  opening  of  the  New  Library 
and  Museum  of  the  Corporation  of  London,  November,  1872.  Edited  by 
W.  H.  Overall,  F.S.A.  Librarian.  4to.  London,  1872. 

From  the  London  Institution  : — Journal.  No.  19.  Vol.  III.  8vo.  London, 
1873. 

From  the  Royal  Commissions  of  Art  and  Archaeology  of  Belgium,  through 
H.M.  Foreign  Office  : — Bulletin.  Onzieme  Annee.  Nos.  5 — 12.  [Com- 
pleting the  volume.]  8vo.  Brussels,  1872. 


470  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

From  the  Author,  the  Rev.  Canon  J.  E.  Jackson,  F.S.A. : — 

1.  Rowley  alias  Wittenham,  being  that  part  of  Farley  Hungerford  Parish 
which  lies  in  co.  Wilts. 

2.  Rood    Ashton,    &c.    Both  4to.    Devizes,  1872.     [From  the  Wiltshire 
Archaeological  and  Natural  History  Magazine.     Vol.  XIII.] 

From  the  Royal  Society  -.—Proceedings.     Vol.  XXI.    No.  142.     8vo.     London, 
1873. 

JOSEPH  CLARKE,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  a  Bull's-eye  Lantern, 
found  during  some  excavations  in  King  William  Street,  City. 
The  body  of  the  lantern  was  rectangular,  5  inches  high  by  2f 
inches  square.  In  three  of  the  sides  was  inserted  an  elliptical 
piece  of  glass  3J  inches  by  2  inches,  with  a  bull's  eye  projecting 
from  the  centre.  To  the  fourth  side  was  attached  the  handle. 
The  lantern  was  surmounted  by  a  minaret-shaped  top  2  inches 
in  height,  with  perforations  for  the  passage  of  the  smoke.  The 
date  of  the  lantern  was  probably  the  commencement  of  the 
eighteenth  century. 

The  Rev.  ALFRED  GATTY,  D.D.  Vicar  of  Ecclesfield,  made 
the  following  communication  to  the  Society,  in  a  letter  to  the 
President : — 

"  Ecclesfield  Vicarage,  Sheffield, 
"  30th  Jan.  1873. 

"  MY  LORD, 

"  I  venture,  though  a  stranger,  to  address  your  Lordship,  as 
interested  in  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  on  a  point  which  I 
presume  to  think  is  not  without  interest,  as  probably  elucidating 
the  *  dial'  of  Shakspeare.  In  assisting  Mrs.  Gatty  in  her 
Book  of  Sundials,  published  last  year,  I  met  with  a  foreign 
book  on  the  subject,  entitled  De  Horologiis,  by  John  Conrad 
Ulmer,  which  was  published  011  the  continent  in  1556.  I  made 
a  tracing  of  a  rough  woodcut  in  the  volume,  of  which  I  venture 
to  inclose  an  exact  copy  reduced  in  size.  The  other  dial  repre- 
sented is  from  a  boxwood  instrument,  which  is  still  used  by  the 
peasants  in  the  Pyrenees  for  ascertaining  the  time  of  day.  I 
find  the  two  to  be  identical  in  shape,  lines,  and  figures,  the  only 
difference  being,  that  on  the  old  one  are  the  signs  of  the  zodiac, 
and  on  the  modern  one  are  the  initials  of  the  months.  It  is 
obvious  that  the  motley  fool  of  Shakspeare  might  draw  such  a 
dial  from  his  poke,  also  that  the  homely  swain,  sitting  on  a  hill, 
might  carve  out  such  a  dial  with  his  pocket  knife,  quaintly, 
point  by  point.  As  the  book  to  which  I  have  referred  was 
published  a  few  years  before  Shakspeare  was  born,  it  seems  not 
unreasonable  to  conclude  that  this  pocket  dial  was  in  common 
use  when  the  poet  wrote.  Apologising  for  presuming  to  trouble 


Mareh  13.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  471 

you  with  this  small  attempt  at  explaining  the  text  of  Shakspeare, 
I  have  the  honour  to  he, 

"  Your  Lordship's  obedient  servant, 

"  ALFRED  GATTY,  D.D. 

"  Vicar  of  Ecclesfield." 

In  connection  with  this  subject  JOHN  EVANS,  Esq.  F.B.S. 
F.S.A.  exhibited  a  boxwood  cylindrical  dial  of  the  same  shape 
and  design  as  that  referred  to  by  Dr.  Gatty,  and  used  within  a 
recent  period  in  the  Tyrol. 

A  communication  was  then  read  by  the  Secretary  on  "  Ex- 
cavations at  Hissarjik,"  which  had  been  communicated  to  the 
Society  by  Sir  John  Lubbock,  Bart.  M.P.  F.S.A.  who  had 
received  it  frgm  the  author,  Dr.  Schliemann.  This  paper  gave 
an  account  of  the  excavations  which  Dr.  Schliemann  had  at  his 
own  expense  conducted  in  the  Troad,  and  will  be  printed  in  the 
Archajologia  along  with  the  paper  laid  before  the  Society  last 
week  by  Sir  John  Lubbock. 

In  connection  with  this  paper  Eear-Admiral  SPRATT  exhi- 
bited four  sketches  of  sites  in  the  Troad,  and  A.  S.  MURRAY,  Esq. 
of  the  British  Museum,  communicated,  in  the  following  letter  to 
the  Director,  an  account  of  some  antiquities  from  .  the  Troad, 
now  preserved  in  the  National  Collection  :— 

a  The  antiquities  discovered  in  the  Troad  by  J.  C.  Brunton,  Esq. 
during  the  Crimean  war,  and  presented  to  the  British  Museum 
in  1866  through  Lord  Panmure,  consist  of  (1)  three  terra- 
cotta figures,  (2)  a  number  of  small  vases  mostly  in  bad  condi- 
tion, (3)  some  fragments  of  mosaic  pavement,  and  (4)  fragments 
of  objects  in  glass,  crystal,  bronze,  and  lead.  As  regards  the 
locality  of  the  first  we  have  only  the  general  statement  that  they 
were  discovered  in  the  course  of  excavations  at  <  Dardanos, 
Ophrynium,  Novum  Ilium,  and  the  cemetery  of  Troy.'  The 
three  terra-cotta  figures  are  undoubtedly  of  Greek  work  of  an 
archaic  period,  apparently  a  little  earlier  than  the  .ZEginetan 
sculptures,  of  which  the  date  now  generally  agreed  on  is  about 
500  B.C.  The  most  important  of  the  three  is  a  small  reclining 
figure  wearing  a  pointed  or  Phrygian  cap.  The  body  is  draped 
and  the  folds  of  the  drapery  are  not  indicated ;  but,  in  spite  of  its 
being  unfinished  in  this  respect,  there  is  something  attractive  about 
the  figure.  Of  the  other  two,  one  is  a  veiled  head  of  consider- 
able beauty  and  carefully  finished,  and  the  other  a  female  figure 
wearing  a  Phrygian  cap.  Among  the  vases  are  several  aryballi, 
unimportant  as  to  design,  but  in  shape,  colours,  and  fabric 
belonging  to  the  class  of  vases  called  Grajco-Phocnician,  the  date 


472  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

of  which  also  reaches  down  to  B.C.  500.  There  'are  also  a 
number  of  lekythoi  and  cups  of  a  style  which  is  usually  assigned 
to  a  period  rather  earlier  than  B.C.  500.  On  several  of  the  cups 
occurs  the  familiar  archaic  design  of  a  male  figure  between  two 
sphinxes.  The  fragments  of  mosaic  glass,  bronze,  and  lead,  may 
also,  so  far  as  I  know  to  the  contrary,  be  of  the  same  early 
date." 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communica- 
tions. 


Thursday,  March  20th,  1873. 
J.  WINTER  JONES,  Esq.  V.P.  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  the  Royal  Institute  of  British  Architects : — Sessional  Papers,  1872-73. 
No.  7.  4to.  London,  1873. 

From  the  Editor,  J.  Harris  Gibson,  Esq. :— Journal  of  the  Liverpool  Numismatic 
Society.  8vo.  Liverpool  and  London,  1873. 

From  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  the  West  of  France  (de  POuest)  :  Bulletins. 
No.  17,  pp.  129-136,  and  Nos.  31-41,  pp.  237-320.  8vo.  Poitiers,  1872. 

From  the  Society  of  Arts: — The  Society  of  Arts  and  Endowments.  12mo. 
London,  1872. 

From  the  Numismatic  Society  : — The  Numismatic  Chronicle.  1872.  Part  IV. 
New  Series.  No.  48.  [Completing  Vol.  XII.]  8vo.  London,  1872. 

From  the  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society,  Manchester : — Proceedings  Vol 
XII.  No.  8.  Session  1872-3.  8vo.  Manchester,  1873. 

From  E.  Peacock,  Esq.  F.S.A. :— Guide  to  the  county  of  Wicklow.  By  James 
Eraser.  12mo.  Dublin,  1842. 

From  the  Editor,  the  Rev.  F.  R.  Raines,  M.A.  F.S.A. :— The  Visitation  of  the 
county  of  Lancaster,  1567,  by  William  Flower  ;  the  same,  1613,  by  Richard 
St.  George  ;  and  the  same,  1664-5,  by  Sir  William  Dugdale.  In  3  Parts. 
Being  vols.  81,  82,  84,  85,  and  88  of  Publications  of  the  Chetham  Society 
4to.  Manchester,  1870-73. 

Notice  was  given  of  the  Ballot  for  the  election  of  Fellows  on 
Thursday,  March  27th,  and  a  list  was  read  of  the  candidates  to 
be  balloted  for. 

HORACE  JONES,  Esq.  exhibited  and  presented  two  views  in 
chromo-lithography,  by  Messrs.  Kell,  executed  by  order  of  the 
Worshipful  Committee  for  General  Purposes,  1872,  of  the  state 
coach  of  the  Eight  Honourable  the  Lord  Mayor  of  the  City  of 
London.  A  short  printed  description,  on  a  single  leaf,  accom- 
panied the  lithograph. 


March  20.] 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUAKIES, 


473 


EDWAKD  PEACOCK,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  three  rubbings  of 
palimpsest  Brasses  which  were  found  under  the  floor  of  the 
church  of  St.  Mary-le-Wigford,  Lincoln,  in  1871. 

One  of  these  brasses  had  originally  formed  part"  of  a  canopy, 
with  the  figures  of  St.  Simon  and  St.  James  the  Greater,  as 
may  be  conjectured  from  the  symbols  of  a  saw  and  a  shell, 
which  they  respectively  bear.  On  the  back  is  the  following 
inscription : — 

Hie  jacet  Willielmus  Horn  quondam 
[maior  civitatis  Lincolniensis 
Qui  obiit  xii°  die  marcii  a.  dni  MCCCCLXIX 

[cujus  anime  propitietur  deus. 
Willielmus  Horn  is  the  same  person 
who  figures  in  the  Mayors'  Eoll,  as 
printed  in  Shark's  History  of  Lincoln, 
8vo.  1810,  as  William  Hoone.  He 
was  mayor  in  1457. 

The  second  brass  has  one  side  only 
partially  legible,  and  on  the  other  is  the 
following  inscription  : — 

Hie  jacet  Johannes  Jobson  ffych- 

[monger  olim 
Vicecomes  civitatis  Lincoln ie  qui 

[obiit  quarto 
die  Julii  A°  domini  Mcccccxxv0 

[cuius 

Anime  propicietur  deus.     Amen. 
On  the  third  brass  in  the  shape  of  a 
cross  we  have  on  the  one  side  a  mer- 
chant's mark,  and  on  the  other  Amen, 
at  the  base  of  the  cross. 


Mr.  PEACOCK  also  exhibited  a  draw- 
ing of  a  Grave-  Slab  found  in  the  spring 
of  1870,  in  the  parish  of  Frodingham, 
near  Brigg.  When  discovered  it  was 
about  a  foot  below  the  present  surface. 
It  had  probably  been  removed  out  of 
the  church  at  some  former  period. 
Dimensions  :  length,  6  feet  4  inches  ; 
width  at  head,  2  feet  3  inches  ;  at  foot, 
1  foot  11  inches. 

The  slab,  as  will  be  seen  from  the 
annexed  woodcut  (scale,  f  inch  to  a 
foot),  represents  a  fleurs  de  lse  cross. 


Mr.  Peacock  considers  that  the  base  of 


y 
th 


GKAVESTONE,  FKODINGHAM, 
CO.  LINCOLN. 


474  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

the  cross  is  of  a  somewhat  peculiar  character.  Examples  not 
wholly  unlike  are  to  be  found  at  Barnard  Castle,  Great  Salkeld, 
Haltwistle,  and  Gateshead.  Another  example  is  figured  from 
Brougham  church,  Westmerland,  in  the  Archaeological  Journal, 
vol.  iv.  p.  60. 

J.  Y.  AKERMAN,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Local  Secretary  for  Berkshire, 
exhibited  a  bronze  armlet  four  inches  in  diameter,  found  in  the 
Thames,  near  Buckland,  Berks.  The  two  ends  are  coiled  round 
to  form  an  elastic  bracelet.  It  probably  is  Romano-British. 

Lt.-Col.  G.  G.  FRANCIS,  F.S.A.  exhibited  two  rubbings  of 
brasses  from  the  parish  church  of  Teddington. 

The  one  represents  the  figures  of  John  Goodyere  and  Tho- 
masyn  his  wife,  with  the  following  inscription  : — 

Pray  for  the  soulles  of  John  Goodyere  and  Thomasyn 
His  wyfe  which  John  deceasyd  the  vii.  day  of  June 

[the  yeare 
Of  oure  Lord  MCCCCCVI  on  whose  soullis  IBS  haue  mercy. 

The  next  brass  is  inscribed — 

Ricardus  Parsons  Tontonensis  Armiger  quondam 

[jiEscaetor 

Comitatuum  Somerset  et  Dorset  et  unus  Attornatorum 
Curie  Domini  Regis  de  Banco  jEtatis  sua3  Ivi  conditur 
Hoc  Tumulo.     Obiit  iii°  Novembris  Anno  Domini  1613 
Tendimus  hue  omnes.     Virtus  manet,  ossa  sepulta. 

W.  WATKISS  LLOYD,  Esq.  exhibited  a  diaper  Tablecloth 
4  feet  8  by  3  feet  8  in  size.  The  pattern  consists  of  a  vertical 
stripe  four  times  repeated,  in  which,  from  the  mode  of  weaving, 
the  pattern  is  alternately  reversed. 

At  the  top  is  St.  George  and  the  Dragon.  Below  this  are 
the  arms  of  Anne  Boleyne  as  Queen  of  England.  Below  this  her 
badge,  viz.  a  falcon  resting  on  a  golden  root  holding  a  sceptre. 
Beneath  the  badge  come  the  words  "  Queen  Elizabeth,"  and  a  half- 
length  portrait,  the  costume  and  head-dress  of  which  are  of  the 
Spanish  style  in  vogue  in  the  time  of  Queen  Mary.  At  the 
bottom  are  the  words — God  save  the  Queen.  Round  the  whole 
is  an  elegant  border  with  a  running  pattern,  with  birds. 

E.  P.  SHIRLEY,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  two  spiked  objects, 
16  J  inches  in  length,  found  near  the  island  on  Lough-na-Glack, 
Barony  of  Farney,  in  1845.  They  are  figured  at  page  207 
of  Mr.  Shirley's  Accounts  of  the  Territory  or  Dominion  of 
Farney,  and  are  there  described  as  "  bolts  or  missives."  It  is  also 
there  stated  that  "  the  thong  or  string  attached  to  this  weapon, 


March  20.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  475 

and  by  which  it  was  recovered  after  projection,  was  called  by 
the  ancient  Irish  Suainemain^  a  name  still  preserved  by  the 
herring  fishermen  of  the  south  of  Ireland,  and  applied  to  the 
Bolt-rope  of  their  fishing  nets." 

ALBERT  WAY,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited,  by  permission  of  the 
Rev.  Eldon  Bankes,  Rector  of  Corfe  Castle,  a  small  metal  object 
of  Anglo-Saxon  work  of  the  ninth 
century.  This  object  consists  of  a 
lozenge-shaped  cake  of  lead  f  in. 
thick,  into  which  is  sunk  a  plate 
of  gilt  metal  with  an  interlaced 
design.  Through  the  whole  has 
been  thrust,  probably  at  a  subse- 
quent period,  an  iron  nail,  of  which 
the  rusted  remains  may  be  distin- 

fuished  in  the  annexed  woodcut, 
t  was  found  at  Encombe,  Dorset, 
and  is  evidently  a  portion  of  some 
decorations  of  lozengy  design.  Care- 
ful examination  of  the  interlaced  FRAGMENT  OF  METAL  DECORA- 
bands  show  that  it  was  only  one  of  TION-  Ful1  size- 

at  least  four  pieces,  and  that  probably  there  was*  an  interlaced 
circle  between  them. 

The  Rev.  JAMES  BECK,  Local  Secretary  for  Sussex,  exhibited 
a  bronze  Fibula  of  penannular  type  with  the  ends  expanding, 
with  square  terminations  standing  out  at  right  angles,  2  inches 
in  diameter,  found  in  a  tumulus  on  the  coast  of  Courland  in 
1870.  An  iron  sword,  with  a  handle  inlaid  with  silver,  was 
found  at  the  same  time. 

Mr.  J.  L,  G.  GREGORY,  King's  Commissary  for  the  Province  of 
Drenthe,  in  the  Netherlands,  communicated  in  a  letter  to  A.  W. 
Franks,  Esq.  Director,  an  account  of  the  present  ownership  of 
the  hunnebedden  in  that  province,  to  which  the  latter  prefixed  the 
following  observations  :— 

On  the  8th  February,  1872,  I  read  to  the  Society  some  ac- 
count of  the  Megalithic  Monuments  in  the  Netherlands,  accom- 
panied by  a  letter  from  Mr.  Oldenhuis  Gratama,  in  which  I 
alluded  to  the  success  of  the  Government  of  the  Netherlands 
in  rescuing  these  interesting  remains  from  destruction,  and 
especially  to  the  zeal  and  discretion  shown  by  Mr.  Gregory  in 
the  matter.  I  have  received  from  Mr.  Gregory  a  statement,  of 
which  I  beg  to  submit  to  the  Society  the  following  transla- 
tion : — 


476  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

"  HUNNEBEDDEN. 

"  The  hunnebedden  in  the  province  of  Drenthe  are  to  be 
found  in  the  communes  of  Havelte,  Diever,  Norg,  Roden, 
Zuidlaren,  Anlo,  Vries,  Assen,  Rolde,  Borger,  Odoorn,  Emmen, 
and  Sleen,  and  are  divided  among  these  communes  in  the  fol- 
lowing manner. 

"  HAVELTE.  Two  hunnebedden  at  no  great  distance  from  each 
other.  They  are  situated  against  the  Havelterberg  and  belong 
to  the  kingdom  of  the  Netherlands. 

"  DIEVER.  One  hunnebed  not  far  from  the  parish  church  of 
Diever,  and  near  a  vicinal  road  leading  to  Smilde.  It  is  the 
property  of  the  kingdom. 

"  NORG.  One  hunnebed  in  the  hamlet  of  Westervelde  in  a 
field  near  the  road  leading  from  Westervelde  to  Norg.  It  be- 
longs to  the  provice  of  Drenthe. 

"  RODEN.  One  hunnebed  in  the  hamlet  of  Sleenbergen,  and 
about  the  middle  of  the  hamlet  on  the  way  to  Roden.  It  be- 
longs to  the  kingdom. 

"  ZUIDLAREN.  Two  hunnebedden  close  to  each  other,  they 
are  in  a  field  of  the  hamlet  of  Midlaren  and  belong  to  the  king- 
dom. 

"  ANLO.  Seven  hunnebedden  and  a  sepulchral  cist — one  is  in 
the  middle  of  the  hamlet  of  Annen  on  the  road  from  Zuidlaren 
to  Gieten ;  the  second  is  near  a  sandy  tract  from  Zuidlaren  to 
Anlo,  and  about  half-way  between  these  two  places ;  the  third 
is  in  the  hamlet  of  Schipbork,  on  the  heath  between  the  last- 
named  hunnebed  and  Schipbork ;  the  fourth  is  to  the  south  of 
Anlo  on  the  heath  towards  Eext ;  the  fifth  is  situated  in  the 
hamlet  of  Gasteren  not  far  from  the  centre  of  this  hamlet  on  the 
way  to  Schipbork;  the  sixth  is  in  a  field  near  the  hamlet  of 
Eext ;  the, seventh  is  on  the  heath  near  the  highroad  from  Rolde 
to  Gieten ;  the  sepulchral  cist  is  on  the  heath  at  no  great  distance 
from  the  last-named  hunnebed.  All  these  seven  hunnebedden 
and  the  sepulchral  cist  are  the  property  of  the  province  of 
Drenthe. 

"  VRIES.  Two  huunebedden — one  is  in  the  hamlet  of  Zeijen  on 
the  road  from  that  place  to  Roden  and  belongs  to  the  province  ; 
the  other  is  in  the  hamlet  of  Tijnaarlo  near  the  railway  station, 
and  belongs  to  the  commoners  (markgenooten)  of  Tijnaarlo. 

"  ASSEN.  One  hunnebed,  in  the  hamlet  of  Loon,  near  the  road 
from  there  to  Tuarlo.  It  belongs  to  the  province. 

"  ROLDE.  Three  hunnebedden — one  in  the  hamlet  of  Ballo 
belongs  to  the  province.  The  two  others  are  close  to  each  other  in 
the  parish  of  Rolde,  in  a  field.  They  both  belong  to  the  kingdom. 

"  BORGER.    Eleven   hunnebedden — eight   are   situate  in  the 


March  20. J  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUAKIES.  477 

hamlets  of  Drouwen  and  Borger  ;  two  of  these  eight  are  close 
to  each  other  to  the  west  of  the  village  of  Drouwen,  on  the 
heath"  near  the  road  from  Drouwen.  to  Rolde,  and  at  no  great 
distance  from  the  road  from  Gasselte  to  Drouwen  ;  the  third  is 
on  the  heath  to  the  west  of  the  high  road  from  Drouwen  to 
Borger,  about  a  quarter  of  an  hour  from  the  road  opposite  to 
the  fir  plantation  of  Drouwen  ;  the  four  others  are  near  each  other 
to  the-  west  of  the  village  of  Bronger  and  to  the  south  of  Drou- 
wen ;  two  in  a  field,  and  the  rest  on  the  heath ;  the  ninth  is  close 
to  Borger  near  the  road  from  that  place  to  Bronger,  in  a  little 
wood ;  the  tenth  and  eleventh  are  near  each  other  in  the  hamlet 
of  Buinen  on  the  heath.  All  these  hunnebedden  belong  to  the 
kingdom. 

"  ODOORN.  Eight  hunnebedden — one  is  on  the  Exloerveld 
near  the  road  from  Borger  to  Exlo ;  the  second  is  on  the 
Exloerzuidveld  near  the  road  from  Exlo  to  Yalthe ;  the  third 
and  fourth  are  near  eacli  other  in  the  hamlet  of  Yalthe  by  the 
side  of  the  path  from  Yalthe  to  Roswinkel ;  the  fifth  is  to  the 
south-west  of  Yalthe  on  the  road  from  that  village  to  Sleen  ;  the 
sixth  and  seventh  are  on  the  Yaltherveld,  south  of  the  road  from 
Yalthe  to  Odoorn,  near  a  fir  grove  ;  all  these  seven  belong  to  the 
province  of  Drenthe ;  the  eighth  is  in  the  Odoornerveld  near 
Odoorn,  011  the  road  from  Borger  to  Odoorn ;  it  belongs  to  the 
kingdom. 

"  EMMEN.  Nine  hunnebedden  and  two  cists — three  are  close 
to  each  other  on  the  Emmerveld  near  an  old  road  from  Emmeii 
to  Yalthe ;  the  fourth  is  in  a  field  to  the  north  of  the  village  of 
Westenesch ;  the  fifth  and  sixth  are  near  each  other  on  the 
Barger  Osterveld  to  the  north-east  of  Angelslo ;  these  six  hunne- 
bedden all  belong  to  the  kingdom  ;  the  seventh  is  near  Emmen 
on  the  road  to  Odoorn  ;  the  eighth  is  among  the  fir  woods  of 
Emmen  (Emmerdennen) ;  both  belong  to  the  province  of  Drenthe ; 
the  ninth  is  at  Wes^enesch  and  belongs  to  Jacob  Nyenhuising  of 
that  village." 

"  The  two  cists  are  on  the  Schimmeresch  to  the  north,  and  not 
far  from  Emmen.  They  both  belong  to  the  kingdom. 

"  SLEEN.  Three  hunnebedden— two  are  near  each  other  in 
the  Noordsleeneresch  to  the  east  and  near  the  village  of  Noord- 
sleen ;  the  third  is  in  the  Noordsleenerveld  between  Noordsleeii 
and  Schoonoord,  known  as  Papeloosekerk.  These  three  belong 
to  the  kingdom. 

"  There  are  thus  in  the  province  of  Drenthe  fifty-one  hun- 
nebedden and  three  cists  ;  of  these  twenty-nine  hunnebedden 
and  two  cists  belong  to  the  kingdom,  and  twenty  hunnebedden 
and  one  cist  to  the  province  of  Drenthe ;  there  are  therefore 
only  two  in  private  possession. 


478  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

"  In  addition  to  this  the  province  is  in  the  possession  of  the 
hunnenkerkhof,  or  cemetery  on  the  Klenckerveld,  in  the  com- 
mune of  Oosterhesselen,  on  the  road  from  Wachthum  to 
Klencke  and  the  state  possesses  the  large  boulderstone  estimated 
to  weigh  50,000  kilo,  near  Noordbarge,  in  the  commune  of 
Emmen,  on  the  road  from  Noordbarge  to  Erm. 

a  These  are  the  only  remains  of  this  class  known  to  exist  in 
the  Netherlands,  excepting  one  in  the  province  of  Groningen,  on 
the  frontiers  of  Drenthe,  at  Noordlaven;  so  that  as  far  as  is 
known  the  hunnebedden,  including  cists,  are  in  all  fifty-five  in 
number." 

The  Rev.  R.  C.  JENKINS,  one  of  the  Local  Secretaries  for 
Kent,  communicated  the  following  Report  on  "  Archaeology  in 
Kent,"  in  a  letter  addressed  to  the  Secretary: — 

"  Lyminge  Rectory,  Hythe, 
"  August  26th,  1872. 

"  MY  DEAR  SIR, 

"  I  regret  much  that  my  silence  in  regard  to  our  archaeolo- 
gical progress  in  Kent  has  been  so  unintentionally  prolonged ; 
and,  though  I  fear  that  my  communication  at  the  present 
moment  will  not  present  any  features  of  special  interest,  I  can- 
not but  recapitulate  the  few  points  of  antiquarian  intelligence 
which  have  occurred  to  me  since  my  last  letter  to  the  Society. 

"  The  learned  and  scientific  labourers  on  the  Ordnance 
Survey  are  doing  a  work  of  archaeological  pioneering  of  the 

freatest  possible  value  and  perfection,  and  I  may  venture  as 
aving  in  this  part  of  the  county  had  much  communication  with 
Captain  Palmer,  of  the  Royal  Engineers,  and  others  engaged 
on  the  survey  to  congratulate  the  Society  on  the  learning,  the 
care,  and  the  unwearied  assiduity  with  which  every  object  of 
antiquarian  interest  has  been  studied  and  recorded  in  the  new 
map,  on  the  singular  judgment  in  which  the  orthography  of 
places  has  been  preserved  and  sometimes  recovered,  and  gene- 
rally on  the  prospect  of  a  plan  of  our  county  being  presented  to 
the  world  which  will  be  as  perfect  in  its  truthfulness  as  it  is 
beautiful  in  its  execution.  On  several  occasions  I  have  had 
much  conversation  and  communication  on  the  true  spelling  and 
derivation  of  many  local  names — many  of  which  in  East  Kent 
are  of  purely  Celtic  origin,  though  too  frequently  regarded  as 
Saxon.  Of  these  the  members  of  your  Society,  and  above  all 
the  learned  and  noble  President  would  recognise  the  following 
as  most  obvious: — 

DOVER.     Dwfr,  (water). 
R.  DOUR.     Dwr,    ditto. 


March  20.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  479 

MINNIS.  Plural  of  Maen  (meini),  a  stone,  (used  for  a  stony 
plain  or  heath,  as  in  Ewell  Minnis,  Eiver  Minnis,  Rhodes 
Minnis,  Stelling  Minnis,  &c.) 

PENNYPOT  (a  hill  in  Chartham).  PEN-Y-POTH  (head  of  the 
boss  or  mound). 

COOMB.     Cwm,  a  hollow. 

KENT.     Caint  (ceintian),  a  plain  or  field. 

LEES,  LEATON.  Llawes,  llewys — outskirt,  (the  outlying  part 
of  a  village) . 

SOLE  (an  ending  occurring  in  numerous  farms  in  East  Kent) ; 
Swl,  (ground,  a  flat  space,  &c.) 

HARDRES  (a  parish  in  East  Kent).     Ardd,  plough  land. 

HEANE,  HAINE,  &c.  (names  of  a  hundred  and  of  several 
woods  in  East  Kent),  from  Hen,  old. 

I  must  not  prolong  this  subject,  but  venture  to  offer  it  to  the 
Society  as  a  question  of  interest,  whether  and  in  what  degree  the 
older  names  were  preserved  by  the  earliest  Saxon  settlers  in  this 
county  and  generally  through  the  East  of  England. 

I  now  approach  the  subject  of  archaeological  discovery,  in 
which  there  has  been  no  great  progress  since  I  last  wrote.  The 
work  of  our  own  local  society  at  Sarre,  whose  fruits  were  so 
remunerative,  has  now  ceased,  and  we  may  hope  that  it  will  not 
be  long  before  a  similar  field  of  interest  presents  itself.  At 
Folkestone,  on  a  place  near  the  station  called  the  Chapel  Field, 
a  very  remarkable  foundation  of  a  church  of  debased  Roman 
structure  was  exhumed  about  a  year  and  a  half  ago.  Its 
masonry  and  the  extremely  hard  concrete  used  in  it  brought  it 
into  very  close  affinity  with  the  remains  which  have  been  disin- 
terred at  Lyminge,  and  which  undoubtedly  formed  a  part  of 
the  Roman  villa  given  by  King  Eadbald  to  his  sister  -ZEthel- 
burga.  The  Folkestone  church  seemed  to  have  been  used  as  a 
burial-place,  as  several  skeletons  were  found  buried  under  the 
hard  masonry  of  its  walls.  Occasional  Roman  bricks  of  the 
largest  size  were  found  imbedded  in  the  stones,  and  probably  in 
some  places  were  employed  for  draining  the  building.  Unfor- 
tunately this  ancient  relic,  after  having  been  for  some  time  left 
undisturbed  by  the  owner,  was  at  last  almost  entirely  broken 
up  for  the  sake  of  the  stone,  and  I  believe  but  little  if  any  of 
it  now  remains.  Some  have  conjectured  that  it  formed  one  of 
the  earlier  churches  which  were  known  to  have  existed  at  Folke- 
stone. A  very  fine  coin  of  Antoninus  Pius  was  found  in  the 
ruin,  and  one  of  the  Empress  Faustina  was  (about  the  same 
time)  found  in  a  part  of  the  parish  of  Folkestone,  at  a  consider- 
able distance  from  these  remains.  This  seems  to  denote  the 
very  early  settlement  of  this  town,  and  indicates  the  loss  which 
local  archaeology  has  sustained  by  the  utter  destruction  by  the 


480  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

sea,  in  the  Saxon  period,  of  its  ancient  nunnery  and  earlier 
structures.  The  railway  now  in  progress  through  the  valley  of 
Saltwood  has  developed  but  little  in  the  way  of  antiquity. 
Some  implements  of  iron  are  said  to  have  been  found  in  Heane 
or  Hayne  Wood,  a  locality  which  is  clearly  alluded  to  in  one  of 
the  Saxon  charters  which  grants  a  wood  in  that  parish  to  the 
monks  of  Lyminge,  or  rather  certain  waggon-loads  of  wood 
from  it  "ad  coquendum  sal,"  a  manufactory  which  doubtless 
gave  its  name  subsequently  to  the  village  of  Saltwood. 

Of  objects  of  lesser  importance  I  may  mention  that  a  matrix 
of  an  ancient  seal  was  dug  up  in  St.  Peter's  in  the  Isle  of 
Thanet,  which  Mr.  Faussett  has  now  in  his  possession,  and 
which  he  believes  to  have  belonged  to  a  former  rector  of 
Lyminge.  I  inclose  an  impression  of  it  for  the  Society.  I  do 
not  hear  of  many  flint  weapons  having  been  found  in  this 
neighbourhood,  but  one  or  two  have  been  discovered  in  the 
neighbouring  parish  of  Monks'  Horton,  which  are  now  in  the 
possession  of  Mr.  Kirkpatrick.  I  proceed  to  the  documentary 
relics  in  which  my  friend  Mr.  Shepherd  has  anticipated 
me.  The  rare  and  interesting  documents  which  he  has  exhi- 
bited to  the  Society  are,  however,  but  a  part  of  those  which  he 
is  gradually  restoring  and  decyphering.  One  of  these,  which  he 
kindly  gave  to  me  as  being  most  interested  in  it,  was  the  account 
of  a  commission  held  at  Lyminge  to  determine  the  patronage  of 
the  vicarage.  This  was  occasioned  in  consequence  of  the. deaths, 
within  a  few  days  of  one  another,  of  the  Archbishop  (the  patron 
of  the  rectory),  of  the  sinecure  rector  the  Cardinal  Gauscelinus 
de  Ossa  (nephew  of  Pope  John  XXII.),  and  of  the  vicar  John 
de  Easton.  The  vicarage,  which  was  in  the  gift  of  the  rector, 
accordingly  lapsed  to  the  Crown.  The  document  is  interesting 
as  indicating  the  antiquity  of  the  forms  which  our  church  still 
observes  in  similar  cases.  It  is  dated  in  1349.  I  inclose  my 
chronological  sketch  of  the  history  of  my  church,  at  the  end  of 
which  I  have  given  an  extract  from  this  commission.  The 
declaration  that  the  vicarage  is  not  "  litigiosa,  portionaria,  or 
pension  aria  "  may  perhaps  suggest  to  some  of  those  who  hear 
this  paper  questions  of  interest  on  the  early  state  of  benefices  in 
England. 

There  is  one  subject  of  archaeological  interest  which  has  not 
met  in  this  county  with  the  attention  which  it  has  received 
elsewhere.  I  allude  to  the  words  and  phrases  peculiar  to  Kent, 
and  more  especially  to  East  Kent,  which,  though  they  can 
hardly  be  said  to  constitute  a  dialect,  are  of  sufficient  interest  to 
be  observed  and  recorded  by  those  of  your  Society  who  may  be 
connected  with  the  county.  It  would  be  well,  before  they  pass 
away  altogether,  and  are  lost  in  the  great  tide  of  immigration 


Mar.  20.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  481 

and  change,  to  preserve  some  record  of  these  peculiarities, 
arising  chiefly  from  the  great  mixture  of  our  population,  and 
from  its  many  foreign  elements.  Some  words  of  purely  Saxon 
origin  remain  still  in  the  vernacular  language  of  the  rural  popu- 
lation, and  the  preservation  of  such  words  even  in  l<ipal  names  of 
the  obscurest  places  is  well  illustrated  in  the  name  of  a  little 
hamlet  of  cottages  in  this  parish  on  the  borders  of  the  ancient 
park  of  the  archbishops,  called  Whealbarrowtown, — "  weald- 
bsero "  appearing  in  the  Anglo-Saxon  charters  as  signifying 
"  pasture  for  swine  in  the  weald," — and  the  Domesday  account 
of  the  manor  of  Lyminge  comprising  "  silva  XI.  porcorum." 

The  recent  commission  to  make  inquiry  in  regard  to  the  pri- 
vate documents  and  monuments  which  may  throw  light  upon  our 
national  history  has  I  believe  received  much  assistance  from  the 
collection  in  this  county,  but  much  yet  remains  to  be  done  in 
regard  to  the  charters  and  records  of  the  various  corporations 
and  public  bodies,  especially  in  the  Cinque  Ports,  which  are  full 
of  interesting  illustrations  of  life  and  manners  during  almost 
every  period  of  our  history.  The  records  of  Hythe  and  the 
private  collection  of  Mr.  Mackeson  relating  to  that  Port  will 
probably  be  illustrated  by  himself  at  some  future  time  ;  and  our 
Kentish  Society,  whose  members  have  had  many  opportunities 
of  inspecting  these  important  documents,  may  continue  the  work 
of  publishing  extracts  and  illustrations  of  them. 

It  is  further  to  be  hoped  that  some  one  may  be  induced  to 
take  up  the  history  of  the  Cinque  Ports,  not  in  detail  as  hitherto, 
but  as  a  whole,  including  those  East  Anglian  ports  which  were 
connected  with  them  (as  Yarmouth,  &c.),  and  comparing  their 
several  records,  all  of  which  throw  so  much  light  on  the  early 
trade  and  defences  of  the  kingdom.  I  have  now,  I  fear,  ex- 
hausted your  patience,  and  regret  that  I  have  been  able  rather 
to  offer  suggestions  than  facts  in  the  general  lull  of  archaeological 
life  in  the  county.  I  may  conclude  in  the  words  of  an  old 
abbot : — 

•"  Quoniam  vitio  clucitur  longior  et  varia  epulatio,  nos  finem 
dabimus  lectioni — vestrum  erit  fragmenta  quse  superaverunt,  id 
est,  subtiliora  quse  manus  nostras  eifugerunt,  colligere." 
Yours  ever  faithfully, 

ROBERT  C.  JENKINS, 

Local  Secretary  for  Kent." 

The  Rev.  WILLIAM  IAGO,  Local  Secretary  for  Cornwall, 
communicated  the  following  Report  on  that  county  : — 

"  In  Cornwall,  during  the  past  year,  few  archaeological  dis- 
coveries have  been  made.  Such  as  they  are,  I  will  endeavour 
to  report  them. 

YOL.  v.  2  I 


482  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

Some  Barrows  have  been  excavated  by  "W.  Copeland  Borlase, 
Esq.  F.S.A.  He  recently  read  a  paper  before  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries  detailing  some  of  these  explorations.  Two  of  the 
barrows  stand  in  Trevelgie,  a  headland  of  the  north  coast. 
They  are  connected  by  a  low  bank  of  earth,  describing  a  curve, 
resembling  a  rampart  (without  ditch),  on  the  brow  of  the  cliff. 
Not  far  off  is  an  ancient  stronghold  or  fortified  island  (also 
containing  barrows  explored  by  Mr.  Borlase).  In  the  earth- 
works bones  and  shells  have  been  found,  with  remains  of  a  fire, 
and  good  flint  arrow-heads,  &c. 

Each  of  the  great  barrows  at  Trevelgie  yielded  sepulchral 
remains.  In  one  was  an  immense  quantity  of  burnt  earth.  In 
the  other,  near  the  top,  was  a  burial  deposit  showing  cremation. 
In  both  barrows  the  primary  interment  had  been  unburnt. 
One  of  the  deceased  was  clearly  seen  to  be  lying  on  left  side, 
with  knees  bent — near  these  there  was  a  beautiful  stone  axe — 
the  hands  appearing  to  have  been  where  it  was  found — the  arms 
being  extended  towards  the  knees  Each  barrow  seemed  to 
have  been  raised  over  one  body  in  the  first  instance.  The 
graves  were  cut  in  the  ground,  slabs  of  rough  stone  (placed  on 
edge)  formed  sides  and  ends  within  the  graves  ;  there  was  stone 
paving,  and  a  heavy  block  as  covering  stone.  This  discovery 
of  a  contracted  interment  within  a  stone-chest-grave  in  a  barrow 
in  Cornwall  is  noteworthy.  The  body  in  the  other  barrow  may 
originally  have  been  similarly  placed,  but  this  was  not  clearly 
apparent.  I  was  with  Mr.  Borlase,  by  his  invitation,  and  wit- 
nessed the  excavations  A  full  description  of  these  "  finds  " 
has  not  only  been  given  in  the  Paper  referred  to,  but  also  in 
Mr.  Borlase's  illustrated  volume,  Nania  Cornubia,  just  issued 
from  the  press.  In  this  book  the  author  gives  woodcuts  and  de- 
scriptive notices  of  the  urns,  cromlechs,  &c.  discovered  by  himself 
and  others  in  various  parts  of  the  county. 

In  treating  of  the  Menhirion  he  shows  that  burnt  bones  have 
been  found  near  almost  all  of  the  Long-stones. 

From  the  patterns  upon  the  pottery,  the  fragments  of  corn- 
crushers,  &c.  and  the  occurrence  of  late  Roman  coins  in  barrows, 
Mr.  Borlase  draws  the  conclusion  that  the  numerous  burial 
mounds  are,  for  the  most  part,  those  of  the  dwellers  in  the 
Beehive-huts  and  Fogous  (so  many  of  which  still  remain),  in 
the  same  localities.  Most  of  the  barrows,  he  considers,  belong 
to  an  age  subsequent  to  the  Roman  invasion.  This  view,  he 
supposes,  may  not  meet  with  general  acceptance. 

A  new  part  of  the  Parochial  and  Family  History  of  the 
Deanery  of  Trigg  Minor,  Cornwall,  by  Sir  John  Maclean, 
F.S.A.,  has  also  been  published.  It  relates  to  the  parish  of 
Endellion,  with  its  antiquities,  &c. 


Mar.  20.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUAKFES.  483 

The  ancient  church  is  said  to  have  been  planted  in  this  place 
by  St.  Endellienta,  daughter  of  King  Brechan  of  Wales;  and 
strange  to  say  Sir  John  has  found  an  ancient  inscribed  stone  in 
the  parish,  containing  these  words: — 

BROEAGAN  HIC  JACIT 
[NADOTTI  FILIUS]  ? 

The  name  Broeagaii  agreeing  in  a  remarkable  manner  with 
that  of  Brechan ,  the  kingly  father  of  Endellienta.  Whether  he 
died  during  a  visit  to  her  at  her  mission  station,  and  is  thus 
commemorated,  or  whether  the  stone  refers  to  some  other 
Christian  so  named,  is  of  course  doubtful ;  but  the  coincidence 
at  least  is  striking.  On  each  side  of  the  stone  a  cross  is  wrought 
(one  incised,  the  other  in  relief).  On  the  top  is  a  socket  or 
mortice  to  receive  the  tenon  of  a  cross-head.  The  base  is  a 
large  stone  With  a  hole  cut  in  it  to  receive  the  inscribed  post  or 
shaft.  This  base  lies  at  -  its  original  site,  and  is  still  known  as 
"  Long  Cross,"  although  the  shaft,  &c.  have  long  been  carried 
away  to  Doidon  headland,  by  Portquin,  where  Sir  John  suc- 
ceeded in  finding  the  inscribed  portion. 

Having  assisted  Sir  John  Maclean  in  deciphering  the  legend, 
and  having  drawn  the  illustration  of  the  stone  for  his  work,  on 
the  wood,  I  must  refer  to  the  book  itself  for  further,  details. 

The  next  Part,  on  the  parishes  of  Forrabury  and  Minster,  is 
nearly  ready  for  issue.     The  well-known  and  beautiful  ballad- 
poem  "  The  silent  Tower  of  Botreaux,"  written  by  your  other 
Local  Secretary  for  Cornwall,  the  Rev.  R.  S.  Hawker,  is  con- 
nected with  one  of  these  places.     For  this  Part  I  have  drawn 
on  the  wood  for  Sir  John  some  curious  stone  crosses,  and  the 
inscribed  stone  at   Slaughter  Bridge,  Worthevale,  showing  the 
correct  reading  of  its  legend  commemorative  of  Latin1  us — 
LATIN  HIC  JACIT 
FILIUS  MAGAEI 

(not  u  CATIN,"  as  given  by  Dr.  Borlase  and  other  writers). 

In  the  autumn  the  Royal  Institution  of  Cornwall  made  an 
excursion  for  scientific  purposes  in  the  neighbourhood  of  St. 
Columb,  Newquay,  &c.  visiting  many  spots  of  archaeological 
interest,  including  the  old  churches  of  St.  Columb  Major  (with 
its  exhumed  stone  altar),  St.  Columb  Minor,  Mawgan,  Cubert, 
&c.  the  ruined  Priory-house  of  Ryalton,  and  the  nunnery  at 
Lanherne. 

Every  courtesy  was  shown  to  the  members  of  the  expedition 
by  those  in  charge  of  the  nunnery;  and  amongst  other  curiosities 
were  displayed  for  our  inspection  there  some  old  embroidered 
vestments,  arid  part  of  the  skull  of  the  Romish  priest,  Cuthbert 
Mayne,  B.D.  who  was  executed  according  to  law  (at  Launceston, 

2  i  2 


484 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 


[1873, 


Nov.  29,  1577)  for  being  found  in  these  dominions'  exercising 
his  vocation  as  chaplain  of  Mr.  Tregian,  whose  many  troubles 
for  conscience'  sake  have  been  described  elsewhere.  (See  C.  S. 
Gilbert's  Survey  of  Cornwall,  vol.  ii.  pp.  281-6,  note.) 

The  chaplain's  head,  of  which  this  portion  of  skull  formed  a 
part,  was  exhibited  exposed  on  a  pole  or  spike  at  Wadebridge. 
The  square  hole  through  the  bone  made  by  the  iron  is  plainly 
defined,  and  the  relic  is  perfectly  preserved  under  glass.  It 
may  fairly  be  conceded  that  it  is  the  remains  of  a  Koman 
Catholic  martyr,  put  to  death  in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth. 

In  the  nunnery  garden-cemetery  we  examined  the  ancient 
cross  brought  from  Roseworthy  in  Gwinnear.  The  shaft  is 
inscribed,  and  its  legend  has  not  yet  been  explained.  Sir 
Edward  Smirke,  Mr.  Paull,  Dr.  Barham,  and  others  carefully 
inspected  its  letters,  and  concur  with  me  in  stating  that  they 
are  certainly  the  following — 


Front  view.  Back  view. 

ROSEWOKTHY  CROSS,  CORNWALL. 

Rubbings  and  sketches  were  taken.  The  woodcuts  are  one- 
eighth  the  full  size  of  the  shaft. 

The  letters  are  deeply  and  clearly  cut.  There  is  no  doubt 
as  to  their  form,  only  their  meaning  is  obscure.  Perhaps  the 
letters  in  the  long  panel  are  +  BLE^IDETIMAH 
(Bridget  and  Imah?)  Those  in  the  other  R  U  H  0  L  (contracted 
for  Rudolf?).  The  letter  following  the  B  being  either  an  in- 
verted L,  or  an  R.  One  friend  has  suggested  an  incompletely 
cut  T  after  the  B.  The  first  word  would  then  perhaps  be  +  Bte 
(-f  Beatse).  Others  regard  the  whole  inscription  as  Anglo- 
Saxon,  not  Latin.  The  words  may  be  all  proper  names— some 
such  as  Bride,  Bridget,  or  Bleidud,  Brithmar,  Raoul,  which 


Mar.  20.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  485 

we  find  prevailing  at  the  period  to  which  the  stone  may  be 
assigned.  Hitherto  the  letters  have  never  been  correctly  given 
in  any  published  work.  Lysons,  Blight,  and  others  have  given 
them  incorrectly.  An  explanation  of  the  words  is  much 
desired. 

In  the  adjoining  churchyard  we  carefully  examined  the  Gothic 
Cross.  (Mawgan  Cross).  Its  upper  part  is  elaborately  sculp- 
tured. Each  side-niche  contains  a  bishop,  or  mitred  abbot.  The 
main  compartments  display  groups.  That  facing  east  shews 
the  Divine  Father  holding  forth  the  Divine  Son  extended  on 
the  Cross.  That  facing  west  has  long  been  regarded  as  inex- 
plicable. Lysons  and  others  state  that  it  seems  to  refer  to  some 
mediaeval  legend, — a  Queen  kneeling,  while  the  King's  face  is 
bitten  by  a  serpent,  held  by  the  tail  by  an  angel.  I  do  not  regard 
this  as  a  correct  interpretation,  and  recognise  in  the  group  a 
well-known  Subject.  It  is,  I  consider,  The  Annunciation,  and 
Sir  Edward  Smirke  (after  inspection  of  the  stone)  agrees  with 
this  view.  A  snake's  body  would  be  round — not  flat  with  sharp 
ribbon-like  edges,  as  on  the  stone.  The  only  variation  from  the 
conventional  type  is,  that,  in  this  group,  the  Deity  is  shewn  as 
a  Royal  Personage  instead  of  as  a  Dove.  All  the  usual  accom- 
paniments of  an  Annunciation  group  are  present  with  this 
variation :  the  Virgin  kneeling  at  a  desk,  beside  her  a  lily 
standard,  011  her  head  a  crown.  Kneeling  to  her  an  angel  con- 
veys the  salutation  on  a  scroll  which  proceeds  from  the  mouth 
of  the  Divine  figure. 

Rialton,  the  house  of  the  Bodmin  Priors,  still  retains  its 
dungeon,  well  sculptured  shields  of  arms,  inscriptions,  stained 
glass,  &c.  although  it  has  suffered  much  by  alteration  and  demo- 
lition. 

In  the  wall  of  one  of  the  outbuildings  is  preserved  an  ancient 
inscribed  stone  of  quite  a  different  kind.  One  of  the  early 
Romano-British  memorials — similar  to  some  already  referred 
to.  It  is  plainly  inscribed 

BONEMIMOB  .  ILL  .  TRIBVN. 

The  meaning  of  these  words  has,  by  some,  been  interpreted 
"  To  the  Blessed  Memory  of  the  illustrious  Tribune"  (or  Tri- 
unus).  Supposing  that  a  portion  has  been  broken  off,  and 
that  the  double  L  is  merely  an  error  of  the  sculptor,  I  should 
rather  regard  the  whole  as  giving  the  usual  formula  "  Bone- 
mimor— Fill— Tribun— ' ' 

["  In  Memory]  of  Bonemimorus  the  son  of  Tribunus."] 

The  F  is  lost,  and  I  consider  that  the  monument  was  once  stuck 
up  on  end,  with  the  sharp  point  in  the  ground. 


486  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

C.  S.  Gilbert  wrongly  gives  the  first  letter  as  H.  (Hone- 
mimor)  in  his  Survey  of  Cornwall. 

I  have  now  to  mention  another  inscribed  stone.  One  that-has 
heretofore  been  unknown.  It  occurs  in  the  village  of  Lanivet 
near  Bodmin,  and  is  the  stone  of  Annicus. 


INSCRIBED  STONE,  LANIVET,  CORNWALL. 

Scale  fin.  to  a  foot. 

The  design  of  it  is  as  I  have  drawn  it.  There  is  a  border  line 
near  each  edge — and  the  letters  are  large,  though  the  stone  is 
small.  In  form  they  are  all  good  Roman,  except  the  last,  which 
is  S  of  the  boat-hook  shape  in  the  so-called  Saxon  style. 

Some  short  time  ago  I  discovered  the  latter  portion  of  the 
word,  and  now  I  have  found  its  commencement.  From  the  curved 
margin  line  we  see  -that  no  letter  can  have  preceded  the  A.  Had 
there  been  room  for  conjecture  one  might  have  imagined  the  word 
to  have  been  at  first  Britanhicus ;  but  there  is  no  doubt  that  the 
whole  of  it  now  appears — although  the  stone  may  have  contained 
other  words  after  Annicus, — the  stone  terminating  in  a  fracture 
in  that  direction.  The  edges  of  the  two  portions  which  remain, 
exactly  fit  in  every  particular  where  the  first  N  commences. 
The  stone  is  upside  down  at  present  in  the  wall  of  an  old  house 
•  — having  been  taken  by  builders  to  form  part  of  the  quoin.  The 
two  pieces  adjoin  each  other,  and  some  rough  plastering  (which 
I  have  now  removed)  concealed  the  portion  on  which  the  A 
occurs.  From  the  inverted  position  of  the  letters  in  the  masonry 
of  the  wall,  they  failed  to  obtain  recognition  until  I  examined 
them.  Not  one  of  them  is  doubtful,  and  a  rubbing  shews  them 
quite  clearly.  I  am  now  endeavouring  to  obtain  permission  to 
remove  the  stone  from  the  old  ruined  wall — in  order  to  save  it 
from  destruction  by  placing  it  within  the  Church  precincts, — • 


Mar.  20.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  487 

and  in  order  also  to  examine  it  further  to  ascertain  whether 
there  are  any  other  letters  upon  those  sides  of  it  which  are  now 
concealed. 

In  the  same  parish,  and  not  far  off,  is  a  farm  called  Trekil- 
lick.  At  this  place  a  silver  Roman  coin  has  lately  been  found. 
Obverse,  Vespasian.  Reverse  the  Modius  (Roman  dry  mea- 
sure) from  which  five  heads  of  corn  are  issuant.  Following  the 
road  from  Trekillick  for  about  a  mile  and  a  half,  the  Roman 
camp  at  Tregeare  is  reached,  which  overlooks  the  ford  at  Nan- 
stallon  and  Boscarne.  Coins  of  Vespasian  and  Trajan  were  found 
at  this  locality  some  years  ago — and  also  pottery ,  &c.  Some 
fragments  of  Samian  ware  of  rich  red  colour  glazed,  are  orna- 
mented with  beautiful  designs  of  leaf- patterns,  hares,  and  birds, 
A  piece  of  rough  yellow  pottery,  with  a  rim  and  lip,  has  the 
stamp  well-preserved:  LESBIVS  F. 

There  were  formerly  barrows  in  the  camp,  and  these  have 
been  removed  for  manuring  the  fields.  Some  of  the  pottery 
may  have  come  from  these.  All  the  fragments  alluded  to  are 
in  the  Museum  at  Bodmin. 

The  discovery  of  the  silver  coin  of  Vespasian  at  Trekillick  was 
made  a  few  weeks  ago  by  a  labourer  in  ploughing  the  field. 

In  the  church  of  Gardynham  near  Bodmin  some  restorations 
have  been  in  progress,  during  which  discoveries  have  been 
made  of  long-forgotten  recesses,  stones,  &c.  On  laying  bare  the 
walls  of  the  chancel,  arched  recesses,  &c.  and  blocked  up 
windows  were  disclosed.  The  north  wall  seems  to  have  con- 
tained a  founder's  tomb  :  over  the  arch  of  it  is  a  little  recess 
or  trefoil-headed  niche,  too  small,  apparently,  for  a  statue. 
We  learn  from  an  old  writer  that  the  remains  of  the  decapitated 
St.  Mewbred  (to  whom  the  church  is  dedicated)  were  preserved 
in  the  church.  Could  this  little  niche  over  the  founder's  tomb 
have  been  for  the  reception  of  St.  Mewbred's  skull  ?  Scarcely 
anything  larger  could  have  been  placed  in  it.  A  curious  granite 
slab,  perhaps  originally  in  the  tomb-recess,  has  been  found. 
It  displays  a  roughly  incised  cross  and  an  attempt  at  perhaps 
a  sword  and  shield  and  key  (?)  upon  its  surface.  The  other 
niches  comprise  piscina,  &c.  and  the  south  wall  contains  sedilia 
of  plain  pointed  arches  with  a  simple  continued  chamfer  on  the 
edge  of  each  opening.  Inscriptions  occur  on  the  stones  in  vari- 
ous parts  of  the  building :  one  set  diagonally  at  the  side  of  the 
easternmost  arch  and  destroyed  by  the  chamfer,  the  others 
forming  the  uprights.  Judging  by  the  length  of  the  lines, 
two  distinct  inscriptions  have  been  cut  up  by  the  old  builders 
of  the  sedilia.  One  of  these  occurs  at  the  arch,  the  other  supplies 
both  of  the  stones  used  as  the  uprights.  Only  the  following 
portions  have  escaped  the  tool  of  the  stonecutter : 


488 


PROCEEDINGS  OF   THE 


[1873, 


From  these  disconnected  words  we  can  only  gather  that  some 
kind  of  foundation  was  commemorated  by  these  two  tablets  in 


INSCRIBED  STONE  TABLETS,  CAEDYNHAM,  COBNWALL. 

Scale  1  in.  to  a  foot. 

the  church  of  Cardynham,  which  was  dedicated  in  honour  of 
St.  Mewbred  the  Martyr,  and  the  "  prselibatae  ecclesiae "  and 
the  "day  of  St.  Faith  "  "Anno  Domini  1200"  are  specially 
mentioned,  as  well  as  some  "  vestiarian  "  arrangement. 

No  other  portions  of  the  inscriptions  can  be  found. 

In  the  churchyard  two  massive  granite  crosses  have  been 
erected,  both  found  amongst  the  stones  of  the  chancel  walls. 
One  of  them  is  adorned  with  mat-work  or  Saxon  knot  devices, 
and  on  the  upper  part  of  the  schaft  is  a  panel  containing  two 
crosses  and  the  two  letters  T  and  H,  so  far  as  I  am  able  to 
decide.  They  are  much  worn  by  weather,  and  have  never  been 
observed  by  any  one  before.  Some  "  four-holed  "  crosses  have 
also  been  found  near  Pencarrow. 

I  regret  extremely,  in  conclusion,  to  have  to  record  the 
destruction  of  the  following  objects  of  interest : — 

The  fine  Cromlech  near  the  "  Goss  Moors  "  was  broken  up 
for  hedge- stones  in  1871. 

The  rocky  dwelling  on  the  Cheese- wring  Hill  known  as 
"  Daniel  Gumb's  House  "  has  been  demolished  by  the  granite 
workers.  Some  of  the  quarry  managers,  I  am  told,  have  had 
the  blocks  which  contain  Daniel  Gumb's  name,  date,  and  mathe- 
matical problems  re-erected  in  another  place  for  preservation ; 


Mar.  27.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  489 

but  their  original  position  it  was  that  constituted  their  chief 
value.  (See  Hawker's  "  Footprints  of  former  Men,"  p.  46.) 

The  pile  of  rocks  known  as  "  the  Cheese- wring  "  is  not  yet 
thrown  down.  Blocks  of  granite  have  been  built  against  it  to 
enable  it  to  sustain  the  shocks  of  blasting  near  it.  The  supports 
with  iron  cramps,  &c.  deprive  it  of  its  remarkable  appearance, 
and  it  is  to  be  regrettecl  that  visitors  endeavour  to  cause  its 
gigantic  stones  to  "  log  "  or  rock — throwing  fragments  of 
granite  between  its  layers  as  wedges,  while  they  try  to  make 
the  mass  move.  This  object  of  wonder,  as  a  natural  curiosity, 
is  therefore  in  danger. 

I  have  endeavoured  to  prevail  upon  those  into  whose  hands 
the  old  seals  of  "  St.  Lawrence  Lazar  House  "  and  St.  Mawes' 
disfranchised  Borough  have  fallen  to  allow  the  seals  to  be  depo- 
sited in  some  public  museum.  The  result  remains  to  be  seen. 

The  overthrown  and  broken  cross  of  St.  Gonger  or  Ingonger 
at  Lanivet  is  still  lying  by  the  road  side,  the  farmer  refusing  to 
listen  to  applications  made  to  him  containing  offers  to  defray 
the  cost  of  its  re-erection.  It  is  hoped  that  he  may  yet  yield, 
and  allow  it  to  be  set  up  as  near  its  original  site  as  possible." 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communications. 

A  special  vote  was  awarded  to  Mr.  Jenkins  and .  Mr.  lago  for 
their  valuable  Reports  on  the  counties  of  Kent  and  Cornwall, 
for  which  they  are  respectively  Local  Secretaries. 


Thursday,  March  27th,  1873. 
J.  WINTER  JONES,  Esq.  V.P.  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors  : — 

From  the  Birmingham  and  Midland  Institute,  through  S.  Timmins,  Esq.  Presi- 
dent : — Archgeological  Section  of  the  Institute.  Transactions,  Excursions, 
and  Reports.  1871.  4to.  Birmingham,  1872. 

From  the  Author  : — A  Pythagorean  of  the  Seventeenth  Century.  A  Paper  read 
before  the  Liverpool  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society,  April  3rd,  1871. 
By  Alexander  Gordon,  M.A.  8vo. 

From  the  Royal  Academy  of  Sciences,  Letters,  and  Fine  Arts  of  Belgium : — 

1.  Memoires.     Tome  xxxix.     4to.     Brussels,  1872. 

2.  Memoires  Couronnes  et  autres  Memoires.    Collection  in  8vo.    Tome  xxii. 
8vo.     Brussels,  1872. 

3.  Bulletins.     2e  serie.     Tomes  xxxi. — xxxiv.     8vo.     Brussels,  1871 — 2. 

4.  Annuaire.     1872  et  1873.     8vo.     Brussels,  1872—3. 


490  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 

5.  Table   Chronologique   des   Chartes  et  Diplomes   Imprimes  concernant 
1'Histoire  de  la  Belgique  ;  par  Alphonse  Wauters.     Tome  iii.  (1191 — 1225.) 
4to.     Brussels,  1871. 

6.  Centieme  Anniversaire  de  Fondation  (1772—1872).    Tomes  1  et  2.    8vo. 
Brussels,  1872. 

7.  Ouddietsche  Fragmenten  van  den  Parthonopeus  Van  Bloys,     Door  J.  H. 
Bormans.     8vo.     Brussels,  1871. 

8.  Speghel  der  Wijsheit  of  Leeringhe  der  Zalichede.     Door  J.  H,  Bormans. 
8vo.     Brussels,  1872. 

From  the  Author : —Notices  extraites  de  1'annuaire  de  1'Observatqire  Royal  de 
Bruxelles  pour  1873,  par  le  Directeur,  A.  Quetelet.     12mo.     Brussels,  1873. 

From  the  Royal  United  Service  Institution : — Journal.    Vol.  xvii.    No.  70.    8vo 
London,  1873. 

From  the  Author:— The  Corbridge  Lanx.     By  the  Rev.  C.  W.  King,  -M.A. 
[From  the  Archaeological  Journal,  xxix.  p.  223.]     8vo.     London,  1872. 

Notice  was  given  that  the  Anniversary  Meeting  for  the  elec- 
tion of  the  President,  Council,  and  Officers  of  the  Society  would 
be  held  on  St.  George's  Day,  Wednesday,  April  23rd,  at  the 
hour  of  2  p.m. 

This  being  an  evening  appointed  for  the  Election  of  Fellows 
no  papers  were  read. 

The  Ballot  began  at  8'45  p.m.  and  closed  at  9*30  p.m.,  when 
the  following  Candidates  were  declared  to  be  duly  elected : — 

Sir  Henry  Mervyn  Vavasour,  Bart 
Rev.  William  Dunn  Macray. 
James  Franklin  Fuller,  Esq. 
Hon.  Edward  Stanhope. 
Thomas  Felton  Falkner,  Esq. 
Harold  Arthur  Dillon,  Esq. 
John  Paul  Rylands,  Esq. 
Robert  Dukinfield  Darbishire,  Esq. 
James  Croston,  Esq. 
Robert  Dymond,  Esq. 
Rev.  Thomas  Fowler. 
William  Boyd  Dawkins,  Esq. 
Charles  Harrison,  Esq. 
Cumberland  Henry  Woodruff,  Esq. 
Everard  Green,  Esq. 


April  3.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  491 

Thursday,  April  3rd,  1873. 
EARL  STANHOPE,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  Presents  were  announced,  and  Thanks  ordered 
to  be  returned  to  the  Donors : — 

From  the  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society  of  Manchester: — Proceedings. 
Vol.  xii.  No.  9.  Session  1872-3.  8vo.  Manchester,  1873. 

From  the  Royal  Institute  of  British  Architects : — Sessional  Papers  :  1872-3. 
No.  8.  4to.  London,  1873. 

From  the  Gresham  Committee : — Catalogue  of  Books,  Pictures,  Prints,  &c.,  pre- 
sented by  Mrs.  Lsetitia  Hollier  to,  and  also  of  Books  and  Music  in,  the  Library 
of  Gresham  College.  8vo.  London,  1872. 

Notice  \tas  again  given  of  the  Anniversary  Meeting  and  a 
List  was  read  of  the  Fellows  proposed  as  Council  and  Officers 
for  the  ensuing  year. 

The  Report  of  the  Auditors  of  the  Society's  accounts  for  the 
year  1872  was  read.  (See  p.  492.) 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  to  the  Auditors  for  their 
trouble,  and  to  the  Treasurer  for  his  good  and  faithful  services. 

Charles  Harrison,  Esq.,  Harold  Arthur  Dillon,  Esq.,  Cumber- 
land Henry  Woodruff,  Esq.,  the  Honourable  Edward  Stanhope, 
and  the  Rev.  Henry  Thomas  Armfield,  were  admitted  Fellows. 

The  President  stated  that  it  had  been  his  intention  to  reserve 
for  his  Anniversary  Address  the  Reply  which  had  been  made  to 
him  by  the  Right  Honourable  Robert  Lowe,  Chancellor  of  the 
Exchequer,  in  acknowledgment  of  the  Resolution  on  Excava- 
tions in  the  Troad,  passed  at  a  meeting  of  the  Society,  March  6th, 
1873.  That  Reply  however  having  been  communicated  to  the 
public  press,  the  President  had  felt  himself  bound,  on  behalf  of 
the  Society,  to  communicate  his  rejoinder  through  the  same 
channel.  The  following  are  the  letters  referred  to  : — 

"11,  Downing  Street, 

"  10,  March,  1873. 

"  MY  LORD, 

"  I  beg  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  a  letter  in  which  your 
Lordship,  as  President  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  suggests 
the  exploration  of  the  tumuli  011  and  around  the  plains  of  the 
Troad  at  the  public  expense.  The  object  of  this  enterprise  is 
stated  to  be  the  elucidation  of  the  still  very  doubtful  sites. 
More  than  1,800  years  ago  a  Roman  poet  wrote  of  Troy, 


492 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE 


[1873, 


°r 

S-'-S 


a  g 


to 


fa         - 

0 


38 


o  . 


V 

*  s 


Hi 

53  s  § 

-2Q^ 


QO  o 


<>;*>•  CO  (M  CO  1C          OOrHOOii^OCO  <N 

rH   rH  ,-H  r-,  ,_, 

a,,,  :*  co  -*  ,-.  co       oo  o>  o  co  >«  o  Oi       a> 


i 


73   a)   c        oc 


CO  <M  CO  CO 
CO  00 

l-l  <N 


CO  t- 
CO  O 


i^         rH          <M  .      .       .  -S 

CO          <M 

50  I  .S 


i  S^tSr!  «          *"     .  ? 

G       •     oj  "  n       •  rH       •  rH  f^ 


sit  " 


°Q  ^>-§^!  ^^-§t2  ^g  '3  g.'SJa  S  |-| 

|^PM^^«S^2^2  •§  a  «gl  > I 

•2  CO  °P  CN          CO          rH          rH  O  C/3  H          W  H 

S     ca  « 


Cent.  Consol 
ember  1872, 


:  in  the  Three 
the  31st  day  o 


April  3.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  493 

'  Etiam  periere  ruinse.'  Your  Lordship  cites  as  a  case  in 
point  the  exploration  of  the  Temple  of  Ephesus.  That  work 
was  undertaken  by  the  Trustees  of  the  British  Museum  not  for 
the  purpose  of  ascertaining  the  site  or  the  form  of  the  Temple, 
objects  quite  beyond  the  scope  of  the  duties  of  the  Trustees,  but 
for  the  sake  of  such  relics  of  ancient  art  as  might  be  found 
buried  among  the  ruins.  The  ascertainment  of  the  site  was  a 
mere  incident,  the  main  object  was  the  acquisition  of  specimens 
of  ancient  statuary  and  architecture.  The  same  may  be  said  of 
the  excavations  at  Budrum,  Priene,  Rhodes,  and  Halicarnassus. 
In  the  case  of  the  Troad  there  is  little  or  no  chance  of  acquiring 
any  possession  for  the  public  which  would  repay  the  search,  and 
the  case  must  therefore  be  judged  on  its  own  merits  and  with- 
out reference  to  the  researches  of  the  Trustees  of  the  British 
Museum.  ^ 

u  The  question  then  is :  are  excavations  undertaken  for  the 
purpose  of  illustrating  the  6  Iliad '  a  proper  object  for  the  expen- 
diture of  public  money?  I  am  sorry  to  say  that  in  my  judg- 
ment they  are  not.  It  is  a  new  head  of  expense.  It  has  no 
practical  object,  but  aims  at  the  satisfying  the  curiosity  of  those 
who  believe  that  the  narrative  of  Homer  was  a  true  history  and 
not  the  creation  of  a  poet's  imagination. 

"  But,  while  I  regret  to  be  unable  to  accede'  to  your  Lord- 
ship's suggestion,  I  submit  that  there  is  a  way  open  by  which 
the  money  may  be  provided.  It  is  said  that  the  schoolboy 
enthusiasm  of  Europe  liberated  Greece  from  Turkey ;  is  not  the 
literary  enthusiasm  of  wealthy  England  equal  to  the  enterprise 
of  exploring  scenes  which  are  ever  recurring  to  the  imagination 
of  every  one  who  has  received  a  classical  education?  The 
6  Daily  Telegraph,'  with  my  hearty  approbation,  is  exploring, 
without  any  assistance  from  the  public  purse,  the  secrets  that  lie 
buried  under  the  mounds  of  Mesopotamia.  Shall  it  be  said  that 
a  large  number  of  wealthy  English  noblemen  and  gentlemen 
can  find  no  better  expedient  for  the  gratification  of  a  liberal 
curiosity  than  to  ask  the  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  to  employ 
for  its  satisfaction  money  wrung  from  the  earnings  of  the  poorest 
of  the  community  ? 

"  I  sincerely  regret  that  the  spirit  of  Herodes  Atticus  has  not 
descended  to  modern  times,  and  feel  convinced  that,  if  one-half 
the  energy  which  is  devoted  in  attempts  to  obtain  aid  from 
Government  were  given  to  create  a  spirit  of  private  munificence, 
this  and  many  similar  objects  might  be  attained  with  the  utmost 
facility  and  completeness. 

u  I  remain,  my  Lord, 

u  Your  obedient  servant, 
"  (Signed)  ROBERT  LOWE." 


494  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

To  the  above  letter  Lord  Stanhope,  in  the  Times  of  March  28th, 
1873,  communicated  the  following  re^ly  : — 

«  jsjjR  "  Grosvenor-place,  March  28. 

"The  letter  which  you  addressed  to  me  on  the  10th,  inst. 
seemed  to  me  to  require  some  observations  in  reply,  but  I  had 
determined  to  reserve  them  so  as  to  lay  them,  together  with 
your  letter,  before  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  at  its  anniversary 
meeting  on  the  23rd  of  next  month. 

"  Since,  however,  your  letter  to  me  has,  meanwhile,  been 
published,  I  presume  by  your  direction — and  of  this  I  do  not  in 
the  least  complain — and  since  it  has  in  consequence  become  the 
subject  of  comments  in  the  public  press,  I  shall  desire  to  make 
my  reply  at  once ;  and  this  I  now  proceed  to  do,  without  letting 
fall,  I  trust,  even  a  single  word  inconsistent  with  the  respect 
that  is  due  to  you. 

"  In  the  first  place,  then,  I  am  wholly  at  a  loss  to  see  why 
you  should  assume  that  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  in  the 
recommendation  which  we  ventured  to  make,  had  excluded  from 
our  view  the  possession  by  the  British  Government  of  any 
objects  of  interest  that  might  be  found  interred.  The  very  pre- 
cedent that  we  urged  of  the  excavations  at  Ephesus  showed,  I 
thought,  sufficiently  that  in  the  case  of  the  Troad,  as  in  the  case 
of  Ephesus,  we  conceived  that  the  British  Goverment,  if  it  bore 
the  expenses  of  the  search,  should  be  entitled  to  retain  whatever 
objects  might  be  found.  Why,  then,  should  you  ascribe  to  us  in 
the  teeth  of  our  own  precedent  a  contrary  opinion  ? 

"It  is  true  that,  considering  as  we  did  the  possession  by  the 
Government  of  the  objects  to  be  recovered  as  a  settled  point, 
requiring  no  further  remark,  we  passed  at  once  in  our  appli- 
cation to  the  new  aim  we  sought — that  is,  the  elucidation  of  the 
doubtful  sites  in  the  Troad.  But  I  submit  to  you  that  in  the 
excavations  at  Ephesus  the  discovery  of  the  site  of  the  Temple 
of  Diana,  now  happily  accomplished,  was  also  a  principal  object. 
I  can  at  least  answer  for  myself.  I  can  assert  that,  in  my  dis- 
cussions on  this  subject  with  my  colleagues  the  Trustees  of  the 
British  Museum,  I  always  put  forth  the  ascertainment  of  the 
site  and  form  of  this  renowrned  temple  as  an  object  not  inferior 
to  the  recovery  and  possession  of  its  scattered  fragments,  or  of 
the  works  of  art  that  might  be  disclosed  around  it.  I  do  not, 
therefore,  at  all  agree  with  you  when  you  say  of  this  case  that 
*  the  ascertainment  of  the  site  was  a  mere  incident.' 

'  *  But  vou  proceed  to  say  that  '  in  the  case  of  the  Troad  there 
is  little  or  no  chance  of  acquiring  any  possession  for  the  public 
which  would  repay  the  search.'  Surely,  this  is  much  too  posi- 
tively stated  ?  It  is  impossible  to  foresee  even  with  an  approach 


April  3.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  495 

to  accuracy  what  may  or  may  not  result  from  any  Asiatic  exca- 
vation. When  Mr.  Layard  commenced  these  researches,  pur- 
sued with  so  much  of  patient  skill  and  attended  with  such 
triumphant  success,  did  any  one  anticipate  even  in  the  slightest 
degree  the  recovery  of  those  gigantic  winged  bulls  which  are 
now  among  the  most  striking  historical  monuments  with  which 
the  British  Museum  is  adorned  ? 

"  You  say  to  us  that  the  object  in  question  as  regards  the 
Troad  might  be  more  fitly  pursued  by  private  enterprise.  But , 
even  supposing  the  needful  funds  to  be  thus  provided,  I  should 
doubt  whether  private  enterprise  w^ould  suffice.  Unless  I  am 
greatly  misinformed,  the  Porte  is  very  reluctant  to  grant  fir- 
mans for  such  a  purpose  except  to  the  agents  or  at  the  request 
of  a  foreign  government,  and  the  difficulties  raised  by  the  local 
authorities  are  still  much  more  considerable.  Your  letter,  I 
observe,  contains  no  indications  that,  even  if  we  had  the  funds, 
you,  on  the  part  of  the  British  Crown,  would  interfere  to  obtain 
for  us  the  required  firman,  or  to  afford  us  your  official  protection. 

"  You  observe  that  for  i  the  satisfaction  of  a  liberal  curiosity,' 
such  as  you  admit  ours  to  be,  there  are  better  expedients  than 
6  to  employ  money  wrung  from  the  earnings  of  the  poorest  of 
the  community.'  I  confess  that  I  read  this  remark  with  great 
surprise.  I  have  seen  it  before,  but  certainly  never  as  coming 
from  a  distinguished  statesman  like  yourself.  Surejy  you  will 
perceive  on  reflection  that,  if  valid  at  all,  it  proves  a  great  deal 
too  much  ?  It  would  be  fatal,  I  conceive,  to  the  purchase  for 
the  National  Collection  of  a  statue  or  a  picture,  or  to  the  artistic 
decoration  of  any  public  building.  Yet  I  do  not  understand  that 
those  objects  have  been  disavowed  by  you  in  the  coming  esti- 
mates. 

On  the  whole,  then,  I  am  of  opinion  that  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries  was  well  entitled  to  make,  with  all  proper  deference, 
the  suggestion  which  you  received,  and  that  it  is  not  deserving 
of  the  rebuke  which  you  have  in  consequence  administered. 

"  I  have  the  honour  to  be,  Sir,  your  very  obedient  servant, 

"  STANHOPE." 

J.  E.  HODGKIN,  Esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  a  small  Bronze  Bottle, 
If  in.  high,  standing  on  a  rectangular  base  If  by  Jin.  The 
sides  were  flat,  arched  at  the  top,  and  ornamented  with  white 
and  blue  enamel.  On  the  shoulders  of  the  bottle  were  two 
small  projections  perforated  as  if  for  suspension.  The  exhibition 
was  accompanied  by  the  following  remarks  in  a  letter  to  the 
Secretary  : — 

"  The  small  bronze  vessel  which  I  forward  to  you  was  found 
a  few  years  ago  in  Warbreck  Moor,  near  Fazakerly,  in  this 
county  (Lancashire). 


496  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  [1873, 

It  was,  I  believe,  turned  up  by  the  plough,  but  of  this  I  can 
not  be  certain.  Its  appearance  has  puzzled  me.  It  seems  to 
have  all  the  characteristics  of  Russian  ecclesiastical  metal-work 
of  no  very  remote  date,  say  fifteenth  or  sixteenth  century, 
but  it  is  not  easy  to  see  how  such  an  object  could  naturally  be 
transported  hither.  It  can  hardly  be  Byzantine,  I  think,  though 
the  occurrence  of  a  Byzantine  relic  might  be  more  easily 
accounted  for. 

Thinking  it  to  be  an  ampulla  it  seemed  probable  that  it  might 
have  contained  oil,  and  I  accordingly  filled  it  with  sulphuric 
ether,  and  shook  it  well ;  on  evaporating  the  contents,  a  .very 
distinct  trace  of  some  oily  substance  was  left,  quite  sufficient  to 
show  that  for  some  purpose  or  other  oil  had  been  introduced, 
although  no  smell  of  oil  was  at  all  perceptible." 

The  Eev.  C.  J.  ARMISTEAD,  F.S.A.  exhibited  a  small  collection 
of  Anglo-Saxon  Remains  which  had  been  discovered  while  exca- 
vating in  the  modern  cemetery  of  Soham,  Cambridgeshire.  It 


KEY-SHAPED  ORNAMENT,  SOHAM, 
CAMBRIDGESHIRE.      Scale  £. 


consisted  principally  of  six  fibulas  of  the  ordinary  type,  and  of 
several  glass  beads.  The  only  object  of  interest — one  of  those 
key-shaped  ornaments  of  unknown  use — is  figured  in  the  accom- 
panying woodcut. 


April  3.]  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES.  497 

Other  examples  of  tliesc  ornaments  will  be  found  in  Neville's 
Saxon  Obsequies,  plate  xiii. ;  Akerman's  pagan  Saxondom, 
plate  xxviii. ;  and  Mr.  C.  Roach  Smith's  Collectanea,  vol.  ii. 
p.  165,  plate  xxxix.,  xli.  B.  It  has  been  conjectured  that  they 
either  answered,  as  "  suspenders,"  the  purposes  of  a  chatelaine, 
or  else  served  as  the  metal  attachment  of  a  bag  or  reticule  hung 
from  the  girdle. 

T.  J.  ARNOLD,  Esq.  F.S.A.,  exhibited,  by  permission  of  Mr. 
Cockburn,  of  Richmond,  the  following  Vessels,  which  may  be 
thus  described : — 

1.  A  pewter  "  bleeding  pot."     Diameter  5^-in. ;    length  of 
handle  2^-  in. 

2.  A  silver  ditto.     Diameter  4^- in. ;  length  of  handle  2 Jin. 
Date  of  platemark  1690. 

3.  A   silver   winetaster,    saucer-shaped,    with    two   handles. 
Diameter  5J-  in.     Date  of  platework  1655. 

4.  Another  ditto.     Diameter  2  J  in.     No  date. 

5.  A  small  two-handled  cup,  probably  for  the  same  purpose. 
No   plate   mark.     The   date    1675    engraved    on   the   surface. 
Diameter  1 J  in. ;  height  the  same. 

J.  E.  PRICE,  Esq.  F.S.A.,  exhibited  a  bas-relief,  in  what 
appeared  to  be  alabaster,  and  to  have  formed  part  of  an  Etruscan 
cinerary  cippus.  This  interesting  fragment,  15  in.  in  length 
by  12  in.  high,  was  found  about  20  years  ago  built  into  the 
foundation  wall  of  the  Red  Lion  Inn  at  Hitchin,  when  that  and 
other  buildings  were  destroyed  to  make  way  for  the  Corn 
Market.  The  inn  was  timber  framed  and  is  believed  to  have 
been  of  the  date  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  How  this  piece  of 
sculpture  made  its  way  from  Italy  to  England,  there  to  be  used 
as  a  building, material,  it  is  impossible  to  conjecture.  As  much 
of  the  bas-relief  as  remains  represents  a  chariot  and  horses  with 
four  figures.  The  subject  is  probably  the  rape  of  Proserpine. 

EDWIN  FRESHFIELD,  Esq.  F.S.A.,  communicated  a  paper  on 
"  Greek  Liturgies  and  Byzantine  Churches,"  the  object  of 
which  was  to  discover  in  the  Liturgy  of  the  Greek  Church  a  test 
for  the  date  of  certain  Byzantine  churches  at  Constantinople  and 
elsewhere.  This  paper  will  be  published  in  the  Archaeologia. 

Thanks  were  ordered  to  be  returned  for  these  Communica- 
tions. 


VOL.  v.  2  K 


INDEX 

TO 

PROCEEDINGS,  SECOND  SERIES,  VOL.  V. 


The  following  abbreviations  are  employed: — adm.,  admitted  Fellow ;  comm.. 
communication  or  communicates;  el.,  elected;  exh.,  exhibits  or  exhibition;  ob., 
obituary  ;  photo., photograph;  pres ., presented. 


Aargau,  Silver  Disc  found  in,  223 

Addy,  J.,  comm.  account  of  a  Roman 
Villa  at  Beddington,  149 

Adlam,  W.,  el.  F.S.A  ,  171  ;  adrn.  172; 
exh.  and  pres.  Seal  of  Carmelite  Friars 
at  Oxford,  383 

Admiral  of  England,  Seal  of,  238 

Adyc,  W.  L.,  el.  F.S.A. ,  391 

Akerman,  J.  Y. ,  exh.  Bronze  Armlet 
from  the  Thames,  474 

Aldersgate,  Dragons'  heads  from,  24 

Alexander  VI.,  Pope,  A  Motus  Proprius 
under  his  hand,  49 

Algiers,  Antiquities  from,  441 

Almack,  R.,  exh.  a  Copy  of  Seneca,  322  ; 
exh.  a  letter  from  Margaret,  Countess 
of  Cumberland  to  Roger,  second  Lord 
North,  323 

Amandinus,  Valerius,  Tomb  of,  85 

Amiens,  Hoard  of  Bronze  Implements 
from,  432 

Ancient  Monuments  Bill,  Petitions  in 
favour  of,  sent  by  Society  to  both 
Houses  of  Parliament,  4C9 

Anglesea,  Cakes  of  Copper  from,  286 

Anglo- Saxon  Antiquities: — Knife,  beads, 
and  brooch  from  Cambridgeshire,  14  ; 
Penny  of  Athelstan  from  Beddington, 
153;  Inscribed  Knife  from  Sitting- 
bourne,  258  ;  Remains  from  Marton, 
Warwickshire,  303  ;  from  Orwell, 
380  ;  from  Ragley  Park,  Warwick- 
shire, 4.')3  ;  from  Soham,  496 

Angrowse  Mullion,  Bronze  dagger  blade, 
iron  pyrites,  and  urn  found  in  a  barrow 
at,  429 

Anniversary,  1871,  136;   1872,305 

Arber,  E.,  el.  F.S.A..  292 

Arbroath  Abbey,  Seal  of,  254 

Armagh,  Seal  of  an  Archbishop  of,  331 

Armfield,  H.  T.,  el.  F.S.A.,  391  ;  adm. 
491 

2 


Armistead,  C.  J.  exh.  Anglo-Saxon 
Remain  from  Soham,  496 

Arno,  Keys  found  in  the,  453 

Arnold,  T.  J.,  exh.  Greek  Sling-bullet, 
220  ;  exh.  lid  of  a  box  with  arms  of 
Hyde.  221  ;  exh.  silver  vessels,  497 

Arreton  Down,  Bronze  spear-head  found 
on,  427  ;  see  425 

Arrowheads  : — From  Syria,  328  ;  from 
Greece,  433  ;  Mediaeyal,  180,  380 

Arshe/,  Richard,  Seal  of,  200 

Ashburton,  Vases  found  in  Chancel- 
wall  of  St.  Andrew's  Church  at,  384 

Ashbury  Church,  Thurible  from,  114 

Ashby,  T.,  contributes  to  Neolithic 
Exh.,  224 

Athelstan,  King,  Penny  of,  153  ;  Religi- 
ous Houses  founded  by,  252  ;  Charter 
of,  276 

Auditors  appointed,  66,  2.36,  383 

Auditors'  Report  for  1870,  133  ;  for 
1871,  295;  for  1872,492 

Australia,  Papers  by  R.  H.  Major  on 
the  Discovery  of,  291,  386 

Avon,  Glass  Bottle  found  in  the,  301 

Bacon,  T.,  contributes  to  Bronze  Exh., 

432 

Bagley,  Bronze  shield  found  at,  429 
Bakewell,  Antiquities  in  the  Church  at, 

216 

Ballot  for  Election  of  Director,  373,  382 
Ballots  for  Election  of  Fellows,  64,  13G, 

171,  231,  292,  326,  391,  490 
Barber,  Fairless,  adm.  F.S.A.,  10 
Barnwell,  E.  L.,  contributes  to   Bronze 

Exh. ,423 

Barringdon,  Antiquities  found  at,  14 
Barron,  E.  J.,  el.  F.S.A.,  171  ;  adm.  172 
Bartlett,  A.  D  ,exh.  two  Bills  of  Indict- 
ment for  Fornication,  191 
Bason,  Inscribed,  from  Chertsey,  180 

K2 


500 


INDEX. 


Basset,  Arms  of,  304 ;  misassigned  to 
Clinton,  305 

Bateman,  T.,  Portrait  of,  468 

Bath,  Roman  Altar  at,  281 

Bath,  Royal  Lit.  and  Sc.  Institute  of, 
contributes  to  Bronze  Exh.,  422 

Bathurst,  W.  H.;  exh.  Roman  Anti- 
quities from  Lydney,  Gloucestershire,* 
96 

Bayly,  Col.  J.,  el,  F.S.A.,  130 

Beads: — Anglo-Saxon,  14  ;  of  millefiore 
glass,  17;  of  bronze,  153;  of  jet, 
180  ;  Comm.  on  Polychrome,  334 

Beamont,  W.,  contributes  to  Bronze 
Exh.,  423 

Beauchief  Abbey,  Seal  of,  175 

Beck,  J.,  contributes  to  Neolithic  Exh., 
224-229  ;  to  Bronze  ditto,  423,  432; 
exh.  penannular  fibula  from  Cour- 
land,  475 

Beddington,  Roman  Villa  at,  149 

Bell,  Doyne  C.,  exh.  a  Gold  Armlet,  by 
permission  of  H.  M.,  185 

Bells: — Bronze  from Bottesford  Church, 
24—30;  "Sanctus"  and  "  Sacring  " 
not  identical,  26 — 30  ;  Various  Con- 
stitutions on,  27  ;  Bronze  from  Ire- 
land, 190 

Berkshire  : — Thurible  from  Ashbury 
Church,  114;  Barbed  Spear -head 
from  Speen,  424 ;  Bronze  Imple- 
ments from  Wallingford,  425  ;  Comm. 
on  Donnington  Castle,  437 

Bessingham,  Roman  remains  at,  32 

Bethlehem,  Drawings  of  Paintings,  &c., 
on  pillars  of  the  Latin  Conventual 
Church  at,  336 

Bex  Hill,  Roman  Glass  Bottle  found  at, 
381 

Billinghay  Fen,  Bronze  swords  from,  43 1 

Billingshurst,  Bronze  Implements  found 
at,  423 

Bingham,  C.  W.,  comm.  Account  of 
Antiquities  at  Plush  Down,  Dorset, 
112 

Birch,  S.,  LL.D.,  his  Address  on  Egyp- 
tian Antiquities,  19-23 

Birch,  W.  de  Gray,  comm.  paper  on 
certain  Leaden  Inscribed  Tablets,  111 

Blaauw,  W.  H.,  ob.  Notice  of,  138 

Black,  W.  H.,  comm.  a  paper  on  an 
Expedition  of  the  Emperor  Augustus 
into  Britain,  90,  111;  exh.  impression 
of  Seal  of  Monastery  of  Holy  Trinity, 
Dunfermline,  173 

Blackie,  T.  M.,  el.  F.S.A.,  292  ;  adm. 
326 

Blackmore  Museum,  contributes  to 
Palseolithic  Exh.,  166 

Blagden,  J.  R.,  contributes  to  Bronze 
Exh.,  423 


Bloomfield,  Capt.  A.,  contributes  to 
Bronze  Exh.,  432 

Bloxam,  M.  H.,  exh.  a  Copper  Thuri- 
ble, and  part  of  another,  114  ;  exh. 
and  pres.  Woodcut  of  the  King's 
Stone,  294  ;  exh.  Antiquities  from 
Warwickshire,  301  ;  contributes  to 
Bronze  Exh.  424 

Blunt,  J.  H.,  exh.  Deeds  relating  to 
Robertsbridge  Abbey,  87 

Boar,  Bronze  figure  of  a,  269 

Bodmin,  Mayor  and  Corporation  of,  exh. 
an  Ivory  Casket  and  a  Box  of  cuir 
louilli,  87 

Bodmin  Museum,  contributes  to  Bronze 
Exh.  422 

Bohemia,  Seal  of  Manetin,  in,  173 

Boleyn,  Anne,  Arms  of,  474 

Bone,  J.  W.,  el.  F.S.A.,  326  ;  adm. 
382 

Bonnor,  G.,  el.  F.S.A.,  130  ;  adm.  374 

Booth,  Col.  H.,  exh.  Pedigree  of  Booth 
family,  24 

Booth  Family,  Pedigree  of,  24 

Borlase,  W.  C.,  adm.  F.S.A.,  317  ;  exh. 
small  Urn  from  Denzell,  Cornwall, 
321 ;  Comm.  on  Tumuli  at  Trevelgue, 
321 

Borthwick,  Cunninghame,  Lord,  el. 
F.S.A.,  171  ;  adm.  189 

Bottesford,  Lincolnshire,  Bell  from 
Church  there,  24 ;  Arrow-head  found 
at,  380 

Boulter,  W.  C.,  adm.  F.S.A.  57  ;  exh. 
photo,  of  Seal  of  Robert  Waldeby, 
58  ;  exh.  Seal  of  Abbey  of  Beauchief, 
175 ;  exh.  and  pres.  a  photo,  of  Figures 
from  Holderness,  452  ;  exh.  and  pres. 
various  Political  Sheets,  ib. 

Bowl,  of  Bronze  with  Arabic  Inscrip- 
tions, 343 

Bowstring,  Bronze  objects  used  in  pul- 
ling the,  435 

Boxgrave  Priory,  Seal  of,  256 

"  Bracer,"  Stone  objects  so  called,  272, 
289 

Bracteates,  Electrotypes  of  Scandina- 
vian, 258 

Bragge,  W.,  adm.  F.S.A.  130;  exh.  and 
pres.  photos,  of  Russian  Crosses  and 
Triptychs,  &c.,  132 

Brailes,  "  Misericorde"  dagger  found 
at,  303 

Brandon,  British  Urns  and  a  Stone 
"  Bracer,"  found  at,  269 

Breen,  H.  H.,  exh.  and  pies,  two  Silver 
Coins,  334 

Breese,  E  ,  el.  F.S.A.  292  ;  adm.  326 

Brent,  F.,  exh.  collection  of  Flint  Flakes 
from  Cornwall,  438 

Brent,  J.,  his  Report  on  Archaeology  in 


INDEX. 


501 


Kent,  1 24— 1 30 ;  contributes  to  Palaeo- 
lithic   Exh.    165,    166;     Comm.    on 
Polychrome  Beads,  334 
Bridgewater,  Seal  of  Vicar  of,  199 
Britannia,  Remarks  on  the  Name,  181 
Brittany,  Megalithic  Remains  in,  300 
Broadside,  entitled  "A  Decree  between 
Churchyarde  and    Camell,"   pros,  by 
J.  P.  Collier,  451 

Broadward,    Hoard   of    Bronze    Imple- 
ments found  at,  423 
Brodie,  Sir  Benjamin,   his  Opinion   on 

the  body  of  Mycerinus,  20 
Broglie,  Due  de,  el.  Hon.  Fellow,  171 
Bronze    Objects: — Armlets,    218,    269, 
?:£.,474;  Bead,  153;  Bells,  24,  190; 
Boar,  269;  Bottle,  495  ;  Bull,  454; 
Celts,    14,    38  ;    Chisels,    424,    425, 
430;     Cross,    335   ;      Crucifix,     191, 

454  ;  Dagger-blades,  268 ;  Ewer,  386  ; 
Fibulae,     30,     38,     190,    380,    453, 
454,  475  ;  Gouge,  14  ;  Helmets,362; 
Lamp,  58  ;  Mace-heads.  12,424,  433; 
Ox  with  two  heads  (Archaic),  324  ; 
Palstaves  with  two  loops,  422,  428, 
430;    Pastoral   Staff,    190;    Phallus, 
38;  Priapus,   180;    Rings,   191,  269, 

455  ;  Scabbards    and  Scabbard-ends, 
31,  427,  429,  430,  434  ;  Shields,  429, 
430,    432;     Sickles,     95,    433,    434; 
Spearheads,  300,   386,  442  ;    Stamp, 
39;    Steelyard,    13;    Thuribles,   285, 
289  ;  Weight,  218.    See  List  of  Bronze 
Weapons  and  Implements  at  Bronze 
Exhibitions,  422 — 435  passim. 

Bronze  Weapons  and  Implements: — 
Various  hoards  of,  422,  423,  424,  425, 
429;  found  with  interments,  422, 
423,  426,  429  ;  found  along  with  gold 
objects,  422,  426,  433 

Brooke,  T.,  el.  F.S.A.,  171  ;  adm.  189 

Brooks,  C.  S.,  el.  F.S.A.,231  ;  adm.  287 

Brown,  J.,  contributes  to  Neolithic 
Exh.  224 

Brown,  R.,  el.  F.S.A.,  64  ;  adm.  171 

Brown,  T.,  Bronze  Medal  in  honour  of, 
284 

Buck,  G.,  Letter  from,  to  John  Stanhope, 
193 

Buckinghamshire : — Roman  Steelyard 
from  Haversham,  13 

Buckland,  F.,  Remarks  on  the  Dor- 
chester Dykes,  Oxon.,  92 

Bucklersbury,  Roman  Antiquities  from, 
11 

Bull's  Eye  Lantern,  found  in  London,  470 

Bunny,  Major,  contributes  to  Bronze 
Exh.,  424 

Burnell,  H.  H.,1  exh.  photo-lithograph 
of  Grant  of  Arms  to  Masons'  Com- 
pany, London,  269 


Burton,  D.,  exh.  and  pres.  coloured 
photos,  of  paintings  of  Hyde  Park 
Corner,  213 

Burton,  F.  W.,  exh.  axe-head  from 
Lough  Neagh,  80  ;  exh.  flint  javelin- 
head  from  Ireland,  441 

Burton,  Capt.  R.  F.,  exh.  an  altar-stone 
from  site  of  Ancient  Canatha,  289  ; 
txh.  Bronze  thurible  found  between 
Palmyra  and  Damascus,  ib 

Burwell  Fen,  Hoard  of  Bronze  Imple- 
ments found  in,  425 

Butterwick,  Bronze  and  Flint  Imple- 
ments found  together  in  a  Barrow  at, 
426 

Butterworth,  J.  W.,  exh.  and  pres. 
Bronze  Mace-head,  12 

Byles,  Mr.,  exh.  Bronze  Celts  and  Gouge, 
and  a  Saxon  Knife,  beads,  and  brooch, 
14  ;  exh.  Stone  Celt  from  Whaddon, 
331  ;  exh.  Anglo-Saxon  Fibula  from 
Orwell,  380 

Byzantine  Churches,  Paper  on  by  E. 
Freshfield,  497 

Caesar's  Camp,  Wimbledon,  Proposed 
destruction  of,  93 

Csesar  Borgia,  Instrument  under  his 
hand  and  Seal,  484 

Calvados,  Bronze  objects  found  with 
gold  ditto  near  Falaise,  433 

Cambridge,  Roman  bronze  weight,  arm- 
let, and  coins  found  at,  218 

Cambridgeshire  : — Enamel  Plaque  from 
Conington,  13  ;  Bronze  Celts  and 
Gouge  and  Anglo-Saxon  Antiquities 
at  Barringdon,  14;  Glass  Bottle  from, 
101;  Roman  Antiquities  found  at 
Cambridge,  218  ;  Stone  Celt  from 
Whaddon,  331  ;  Anglo-Saxon  Fibula 
from  Orwell,  380  ;  Hoard  of  Bronze 
Implements  found  in  Reach  Fen  and 
Burwell  Fen,  424,  425  ;  Anglo-Saxon 
Antiquities  from  Soham,  496 

Camenz,  Bronze  Sickles  from,  433 

Campsall,  Sepulchral  slab  at,  216 

Canada,  Copper  chisel  from  Ottawa, 
•  434 

Canatha,  Altar-stone  from  the  Site  of 
Ancient,  289 

Candles,  use  of  at  Mass,  57 

Canoes,  Account  of  Ancient,  found  in 
England,  364 

Canterbury: — Deeds  relating  to  Monas- 
tery of  Christ  Church  at,  101  ;  the 
Prior  guardian  of  the  Spiritualties 
"  sede  vacante,"  102,  109  ;  Tessellated 
Pavements  found  at,  128  ;  Seal  of 
Christ  Church,  254 

Cardiff,  Seal  for  the  Chancery  of,  temp. 
Hen.  VII.,  202 


502 


INDEX. 


Cardiganshire,  Bronze  shield  from,  426 
Cardynham,  Inscribed  Stone  at,  486 
Carew,  Colonel,  exh.  a  manuscript  copy 

of  the  Gospels,  332 
Carnarvonshire,    Bronze    shield    from, 

426 

Casket  of  silver,  given  by  Margaret 
wife  of  Fdw.  I.  to  her  stepdaughter 
Isabella.  361 

Caton,  R.  RM  exh.  and  pres.  silver  seal 
of  Amarsweiler,  93 ;  exh.  another 
silver  seal,  ib. 

Caulfield,  R.,  exh.  a  Cross  and  a  frag- 
ment of  a  processional  Cross  found 
at  Cloyne,  457 

Cave's  Inn,  Roman  remains  at,  302 
Centurial  Stones,  Comm  on  by  H.  C. 

Cootc,  305 

Chaldon,  Mural  Paintings  at,  62 
Chalk,  Sir  J.  J.,  el.  F.S.A.,  326;  adm. 

327 
Chambers,  C.  H.,  el.  F.S.A.,  171 ;  adm. 

360 

Chapman,  G.,  ob.  Notice  of,  139 
Charlesworth,    E.,    exh.    and    pres.    a 

Glass  Bottle,  101 

Charters  and  Deeds,  &c.,  52,  60,  78,  87, 
101,   176,  197,   199,  222,   236,  276, 
318,445 
"Cheese-wring,"  Threatened  destruction 

of,  489 

Cheshire:— Roman  Amphora  from  Ches- 
ter, 341 

Chester,  Roman  Amphora  from,  341 
Chichester,    Antiquities    from,    37  40, 

180 
Child,  Coles,  contributes  to  Palaeolithic 

Exh.,  166 

Chipstead,  Stone  Celt  from,  374 
Chrismatory,  its  three  divisions,  117 
Christian  Antiquities,  Terra  cotta  Lamp, 

16;  Rings,  321 

CIT,  misengraved  for  SIT  on  a  Seal,  450 
Clark,  R.  O.,  Silver  seal  belonging  to,  55 
Clarke,  H.,  comm.  P  Paper  on  the  name 

Britannia,  181 

Clarke,  J.,  exh.  Bull's-eye  Lantern,  470 
Clarke,  W.  B.,  contributes  to  Neolithic 

Exh,,  224 
"  Cleonicus,"  A  name  on  a  sling  bullet, 

220 

Clermont,  Lord,  Special  Thanks  to,  10 
Close,  T.,  Special  Thanks  to,  267 
Clutterbuck,   J.   C.,    exh.   five    Roman 
Silver  Spoons,  34  ;  exh.  a  Flint  Im- 
plement and  an  Iron  Dagger  found  in 
the  Thames,  222 

Cochet,  Abbe,  discovers  ancient  inter- 
ments at  St.  Ouen,  160 
Codrington,  T.,  contributes  to  Palaeoli- 
thic Exh.,  166 


Coin,  British,  found  at  \Varbledon, 
Sussex,  222 

Coins,  Roman,  found  at  Kelvedon,  30  ; 
at  Lydney,  100  ;  at  Canterbury,  126  ; 
at  Beddington,  153,  154;  at  Cam- 
bridge, 218  ;  at  Hinckley,  282 

Coleman,  J.,  exh.  an  Instrument  con- 
veying land*  from  seven  North  Ameri- 
can Indians  to  John  Moll  and  through 
him  to  William  Perm,  78 

Collier,  J.  P.,  exh.  and  pres.  an  early 
Broadside,  451  ;  Special  .Thanks  to, 
455 

Colomb,  Col.  G.  H.,  el.  F  S.A.,  391 

Colquhoun,  Sir  James-,  Special  Thanks 
to,  10 

Colyford,  Grant  of  lands  at,  36 

Colyton,  Gold  Ring  from,  31 

Combret,  Pierre,  Watch  made  by,  216 

Compton,  W7illiam,  Lord,  Letters  of  de- 
putation from,  with  Seal,  79 

"  Conclave  Christi,"  An  appellation  of 
the  Blessed  Virgin,  342 

Conington,  Enamel  plaque  from  church, 
13 

Conrad,  W.,  his  Seal,  449 

Constance,  Tomb  of  Bishop  Halam  at, 
375 

Cook,  F.,  el.  F.S.A.,  391  ;  adm.  420 

Cooper,  Major  Cooper,  exh.  two  leaden 
Private  seals,  175 

Cooper,  W.  R.,  exh.  Egyptian  Antiqui- 
ties (Hay  Collection),  15'.  ' 

Coote,  H  C.,  comm.  Paper  on  Centurial 
Stones,  305  ;  on  the  "  Milites  Sta- 
tionarii,"  365 

Copper: — Cakes  of,  found  in  various 
parts,  286,  424,  425,  428  ;  Imple- 
ments of  from  India,  421,  422 ;  Chisel 
of,  from  Ottawa,  434 

Cornwall : — Ivory  Casket  and  Box  of 
cuir  bouilli  from  Bodmin,  87  ;  Glass 
Phial  found  at  St.  Phillack,  135;  Urn 
from  Denzell,  321  ;  Tumuli  at  Tre- 
velgue,  321  ;  Bronze  Celt  found  with 
two  Gold  Gorgets  at  -Harlyn,  422  ; 
Bronze  dagger-blade,  urn,  and  iron 
pyrites  found  in  a  Barrow  at  An- 
growse  Mullion,  429  ;  Palstaves  with 
two  Loops  found  in,  430 ;  Flint 
Flakes  from  Dozmare  Pool,  438  ; 
Mr.  lago's  Report  on  Archaeology  in, 
481 ;  Inscribed  Stone  at  Endellion, 
483  ;  at  Slaughter  Bridge,  ib.;  at 
Roseworthy,  484  ;  at  Mawgan,  485  ; 
at  Rialtcn,  ib.;  at  Lanivet,  486;  at 
Cardynham,  487  ;  the  "  Cheese- 
wring,"  489 

Cornwall,  R.  Institute  of,  contributes  to 
Bronze  Exh.  422;  exh.  Miscellaneous 
Antiquities,  454 


INDEX. 


503 


Couch,   T.    Q.,    contributes   to  Bronze 

Exh.  424 
Coulours-en-Octe,   Charter  relating  to 

Tenants  of  the   Knights  Hospitallers 

at,  222 
Council  for    1871-2,  147;    for   1872-3, 

316 
Council,  Resolutions  of,   110,213,341, 

350 
Court  of  Great  Sessions  for  Carmarthen, 

Cardigan,  and  Pembroke,  Seal  of,  180 
Courtenay,   Hugh  de,   grants  Lands  at 

Colyford,  37  ;  his  Seal,  ib. ;  his  Tomb 

in  Exeter  Cathedral  moved  from  its 

place,  ib. 
Coventry,  Early  Deeds  and  Seals  from, 

52,  60,  79,  121,  177  ;  Spurs  found  at, 

303 

Cowper-Temple,  Rt.  Hon.  W.,  Resolu- 
tion moved  <by,  213 
Cox,  J.  M.f  el.  F.S.A.  32G  ;  adm.  392 
Craig  Phaidrick,  Scotland,  Vitrified  Fort 

at,  257 

Cross,' of  Bronze,  from  Ireland,  335 
Croston,  J.,  el.  F.S.A.  490 
Crucifix,   Bronze  Figure  from   a,    191, 

454 

Cumberland  :  — Roman  Altars  at  Mary- 
port,  12 
Cyprus: — Pottery  found  at,  155;  Bronze 

Implements  from,  433 

D'Abernon,  Walter,  his  Seal,  198 
Daiville,    Walter   de,  his  Charter    with 

Seal,  52.     See  Deyvill 
Dalrymple,  R.  F.,  Deed  belonging  to,  56 
Darbishire,  R.  D.,  contributes  to  Neo- 
lithic Exh.  224  ;  comm.  a  Paper  on 
Prehistoric   Remains    from   Ehenside 
Tarn,  Cumberland,  325  ;    el.  F.S.A. 
490 
Davis,  C.  E.,  Comm.  on  a  Roman  Altar 

at  Bath,  251 

Dawkins,  W.  B.,  el.  F.S.A.  490 
Day,  R.,  exh.  four  Dagger-blades  from 
Ireland,  268  ;  exh.  Bronze  Cross  from 
Ireland,  335  ;  contributes  to  Bronze 
Exh.  424,  432 
Denmark,    Bronze    Implements    from, 

432-434 

Denzell,  Sepulchral  Urn  found  at,  321 
Department   of   Science  and   Art,  exh. 

three  Ivory  Coffrets,  88 
Derby,  Seal  of,  157 

Derbyshire  : — Seal  of  Derby,  157  ;  Anti- 
quities at  Bakewell  Church,  216 
Deschell  Family,  MonumentalSlabsof,  83 
D'Este,  Hippolytus,  A  receipt  under  his 

hand,  49 

Devonshire: — Gold  Ring  from  Colyton, 
31  ;  Grant  of  Lands  at  Colyford,  36  ; 


Seal  of  Pilton  Priory,  252;  Account 
of  Paignton  Chantry,  276;  Account 
of  Torre  Abbey,  344  ;  Vases  found  at 
Ashburton  Church,  384 ;  Bronze 
Spearhead,  Rivet,  and  Ferrule  from 
South  Brent,  431 

Deyvill,  Robert  de,  his  Charter  with 
Seal,  52.  See  Daiville 

Dial,  Pocket,  470 

Dillon,  Hon.  A.,  exh.  and  pres.  collec- 
tions of  gutta  percha  impressions  of 
Seals,  189;  Special  Thanks  to,  ib. 
451 

Dillon,  H.  A.,  el.  F.S.A.,  490;  adm. 
491 

Diodorus  Siculus,  his  statement  about 
Helmets  of  the  Gauls,  362 

Director,  C.  S.  Perceval  resigns  office 
of,  349;  A.  W.  Franks  elected,  382 

Dolmens: — No  such  thing  as  "free- 
standing," 367  ;  no  such  thing  as 
"  earth-fast"  or  "  demi-dolmens,"  ib. 

Donnington  Castle,  Comm.  on  by  H. 
Godwin,  437 

Dorchester  (Oxon.),  Roman  Spoons 
found  near,  321 

Dorchester  Dykes,  Oxon.,  Resolution 
on,  93  ;  Correspondence  on,  132; 
Flint  Implement  and  Iron  Dagger 
found  opposite,  222 

Dorsetshire: — Antiquities  at  Plush 
Down,  112;  Seal' of  Milton  Abbey, 
251  ;  Cromlech  at  Helstone,  267  ; 
Drawings  of  Eastbury  House,  268  ; 
Roman  Villa  at  Holcombe,  276;  A 
lozenge- shaped  metal  object  from 
Encombe,  475 

Dozmare  Pool,  Flint  flakes  from,  438 

Dreuil,  Bronze  Implements  and  Weapons 
found  at,  432 

Driffield,  Stone  "Bracer"  found  at, 
238  ;  Bronze  Implements  from,  431 

Dryden,  Sir  H.,  exh.  Celt  of  Greenstone 
from  King's  Sutton,  300,  442  ;  exh. 
a  Bronze  Spearhead  from  Ireland,  ib. ; 
exh.  Drawings  of  Megalithic  Remains 
in  Brittany,  300  ;  exh.  Bronze  Spear- 
head from  Ashby,  442 ;  exh.  Ena- 
melled Figure  from  a  Shrine,  ib. 

Dunfermline,  Seal  of  Monastery  of 
Holy  Trinity  at,  173 

Dunraven,  Earl  of,  ob.  Notice  of,  306 

Durham: — Galilee  of  Cathedral,  136; 
Hoard  of  Bronze  Implements  at 
Heathery  Burn  Cave,  426 

Duston,  Roman  Antiquities  from,  64 

Dymond,  R.,  el.  F.S.A.,  490 

Earwaker,  J.  P.,  el.  E.S.A.,  391 
Eastbury  House,  Drawings  of,  presented 
by  A.*W.  Franks,  268 


504 


INDEX. 


East  Faindon,  Sword  Pommel  (?)  from, 
343 

Ecuador,  Bronze  Axe  from,  434 

Eddy,  H.,  exh.  two  vases  from  St. 
Andrew's  Church,  Ashburton,  384 

Edis,  R.  W.,  adm.  F.S.A.,  90 

Egyptian  Antiquities -.—Female  recum- 
bent Figure,  15  ;  Unknown  object  in 
Sycamore,  ib.  ;  Terra-cotta  Figure, 
ib. ;  Osiride  Figure,  ib. ;  School- 
master's Loah,  ib.  ;  Terra  -  cotta 
Lamps,  ib.  ;  Pilgrim's  Bottle,  17  ; 
Millefiore  Beads,  ib.  ;  Robe  of  Justi- 
fication, ib. ;  Linen  mitten  (?),  18; 
Gold  Rings,  ib.  ;  Scarabs,  in  various 
materials,  ib. ;  Copper-gilt  Ring,  19  ; 
Simpulum,  251 ;  Flint  Implement, 
321  ;  Bronze  Hook,  Granite  Ball,  and 
Cedar  Rod,  from  the  Great  Pyramid, 
432 ;  Bronze  Axe-blade  with  hiero- 
glyphic Inscription,  435 

Egyptians : — Their  tunics,  1 9 ;  substances 
used  in  their  Woven  Fabrics,  20  ; 
wore  no  gloves,  21  ;  how  they  used 
Scarabs  and  Signet-rings,  ib. ;  their 
Mortuary  Figures,  22  ;  no  lamps  of 
the  earlier  periods  discovered,  23 

Ellacombe,  H.T.,  Special  Thanks  to,  374 

Elwes,  V.  D.  H.  C.,  el.  F.S.A.,  130; 
adm.  148 

Embroidery,  A  "Tree  of  Jesse"  in,  325 

Enamel,  Limoges,  13,  442 

Encombe,  Lozenge-shaped  Metal  object 
from,  475 

Endellion,  Inscribed  Stone  at,  483 

Episcopal  See,  Arms  of,  impaled  with 
personal  coat  A.D.  1396,  59 

Ephesus  : — Capital  of  Column  from  Site 
of,  158  ;  Resolution  of  Council  on 
Excavations  at,  341  ;  Account  of 
Excavations  at,  344  ;  Result  of  So- 
ciety's Application  to  Chancellor  of 
Exchequer,  349 

Ernisius,  Richard,  son  of,  his  Charter 
with  Seal,  53 

"  Eschaette,"A  Land  Measure  so-called, 
202 

Essex: — Roman  Antiquities  from  Kel- 
vedon,  30  ;  Gold  Ring  from  Little 
Totham,  217  ;  Bronze  Implements 
found  at  Felsted,  428  ;  at  Banfield,i&. 

"  Est,"  Peculiar  contraction  for,  175 

Etruscan  Cippus,  found  at  Hitchin,  497 

Evans,  J.,  contributes  to  Palaeolithic 
Exh.,  165-169  ;  to  Neolithic  ditto, 
224-228  ;  to  Bronze  ditto,  424,  432  ; 
On  Flint  Implements  from  the  Drift, 
165  ;  His  Address  on  Neolithic  Exh., 
229;  Special  Thanks  to,  235,334;  exh 
Anglo-Saxon  inscribed  Knife,  258 ; 
Remarks  on  a  Flint  Implement  from 


Egypt,  331;  His  Address  on  the 
"Bronze  Period,"  392—412;  Re- 
marks on  Flint  Flakes  from  Cornwall, 
440  ;  exh.  Flint  Knife  from  Montgo- 
meryshire,441  ;  exh.aPocketDial,471 

Evans,  T.  F.,  exh.  two  cakes  of  copper 
from  Anglesea,  286 

Exeter  Cathedral: — Hugh  De  Courte- 
nay'stomb  moved  from  its  place,  37  ; 
Charter  relating  to,  280 

Exhibition  of  Palaeolithic  Implements,  1 65 

Exhibition  of  Neolithic  Implements,  224, 
235 

Exhibition  of  Bronze  Weapons  and 
Implements  390  ;  List  of  Contributors 
thereto,  ib.  Catalogue  of  Objects'exh., 
422 

Eyton,  J.  W.  K.,  Special  Thanks,  to,  132 

Fairfax,  General,  Medalet  of,  443 
Falaise,  Bronze  and    Gold  Implements 

found  near,  433 
Faliscan  Inscriptions,  40 
Falkner,  T.  F.,  el.  F.S.A.,  490 
Farnham,  Seal  found  there,  55 
Fastolfe,  Sir  John,  his  appointment  as 
Captain  of  the  Bastille  of  St.  Anthony 
at  Pa/is,  56 

Faulkner,  C.,  ob.  Notice  of,  307 
Felsted,  Bronze  Implements  found  at,  428 
Ferdinand   and   Isabella,   Letter    under 

their  Signs-manual,  50 
Ferguson,  R.,  exh.  and  pres.  photo,  of 
Roman    Altars   from   Maryport,    1 2  ; 
exh.  Roman  Antiquities  from  Cum- 
berland, 331 

Fergusson,  J.,  exh.  and  pres.  plans  of 
buildings  at  Jerusalem,  453;  his  work 
on  Rude  Stone  Monuments,  262,  367 
Fibulae  ; — Anglo-Saxon  from  Cambridge- 
shire, 14,  380,496;  ditto,  from  War- 
wickshire, 453 ;  Roman  from  Essex, 
30 ;  Ditto  from  Chichester,  39  ; 
Bronze  from  Ireland,  190  ;  Cast  of  a 
Gold  one  from  Hanover,  456  ;  Bronze 
from  Courland,  475 

Fiorelli,  Giuseppe,  el.  Hon.  Fellow,  171 
Fisher,  Bishop  of  Rochester,  Inventories 

of  his  Goods,  294 
Fitch,  Recontributes  to  Neolithic  Exh., 

224 
Fitzgerald,     Lord     Otho,    exh.    Stone 

"Bracer  "  from  Driffield,  288 
;    Fletcher,  John  the,  see  Winchcombe 
Flint    and    Stone    Implements: — Celt 
from    Hartford,    34;    Axehead  from 
Lough  Neagh,   80 ;    from   Honduras, 
93  ;  from  the  Isle  of  Wigh^,  113;  from 
Canterbury,  127;  from  Reculve'r,  ib. ; 
from   the  Valley  of  the  Thames,  95, 
165,    222;    from   the  Valley  of  the 


INDEX. 


505 


Medway,  166  ;  from  the  Valley  of  the 
Avon,  166 ;  from  Somersetshire,  16C; 
from  the  Valley  of  the  Little  Ouse, 
167  ;  from  the  Valley  of  the  Wavenhy, 
167;  from  the  Valley  of  the  Lark,  1 67 ; 
from  the  Valley  of  the  Somme,  168; 
from  the  Valley  of  the  Brette,  ib. ; 
from  the  Valley  of  the  Loire,  ib. ;  from 
the  Valley  of  the  Seine,  ib. ;  from  the 
Plateaux  of  Poitou,  ib. ;  from  the 
Valley  of  the  Claise,  169;  from  La 
Dordogne,  ib.  ;  from  Spain,  ib.  ;  from 
India,  ib.  ;  Exhibition  of  Neolithic 
Implements,  224— 229;  Stone  "Bra- 
cers," 270,  288;  Celt  from  King's 
Sutton,  300,  442  ;  Arrowheads  from 
Syria,  328;  Flint  Implements  from 
Egypt,  331  ;  Celt  from  Whaddon,  ib. ; 
Celt  from  Chipstead,374  ;  Flint  Flakes 
from  Cornwall,  438;  Javelin-head 
from  Ireland,  441  ;  Knife  from  Mont- 
gomeryshire, ib. ;  from  Algiers,  442  ; 
from  the  Morbihan,  ib. 

Flower,  J.  W.,  exh.  Cypriote  Pottery, 
156  ;  contributes  to  Palaeolithic  Exh. , 
166,  167  ;  to  Neolithic  ditto,  224-228; 
to  Bronze  ditto,  425,  433 

Forester,  Richard,  his  Seal,  198 

Fortnum,  C.  D.  E.,  comm.  Letters  of  R. 
Lanciani,  89, 195;  exh.  Early  Christian 
Rings,  321  ;  exh.  seven  Gold  Rings 
from  Palestrina,  334  ;  contributes  to 
Bronze  Exh.  425,  433 

Foss,  E.,  ob.  Notice  of,  139 

Foster,  M.,  el.  F.S.A.,  391  ;  adm.  438  ; 
contributes  to  Bronze  Exh.  425 

Fowler,  J.,  Letter  on  proposed  removal 
of  Choir  Screen  from  Parish  Church 
of  Wakefield,  149  ;  exh.  a  Watch  of 
the  Sixteenth  Century,  214;  exh. 
Tracings  of  Painted  Windows  (York- 
shire), 2 15;  exh.  Rubbings  of  Heraldic 
Bench-ends  in  Great  Sandal  Church, 
ib.  ;  exh.  Rubbing  of  a  Miserere  at 
All  Saints'  Church,  .Wakefield,  216; 
exh.  Rubbing  of  a  Sepulchral  Slab  in 
Campsall  Church,  Yorkshire,  ib. ; 
exh.  Drawings  of  Bakewell  Church, 
by  Cromek,  ib. ;  comm.  a  Paper  on 
Mediaeval  Representations  of  the 
Months  and  Seasons,  217 

Fowler,  R.  N.,  el.  F.S.A.,  64 

Fowler,  T.,  el.  F.S.A.,  490 

Fox,  Col.  A.  H.  Lane,  exh.  two  penan- 
nular  Gold  Rings,  93  ;  exh.  Flint  Im- 
plement from  Honduras,  ib. ;  exh. 
Flint  Implement  from  the  Isle  of 
Wight,  113;  nominated  Vice-Pre- 
sident, 148;  'exh.  Cypriote  Pottery, 
156;  contributes  to  Palaeolithic  Exh. 
65—169;  to  Neolithic  ditto,  224 — 


229 ;  to  Bronze  ditto,  425,  433  ;  exh. 
wooden  instrument  of  unknown  use, 
222;  his  Address  on  Neolithic  Exh., 
233  ;  Special  Thanks  to,  235  ;  exh. 
Bronze  Boar,  269  ;  Remarks  on  the 
Bronze  Exh.  412 

France,  Bronze  Implements  from,  432 — 
435 

Francis,  G.  G.,  exh.  Q.  Elizabeth's  Seal 
of  Court  of  Great  Sessions  for  Car- 
marthen, Cardigan,  and  Pembroke, 
180  ;  exh.  Ancient  Documents  and 
Charters,  199  ;  contributes  to  Neo- 
lithic Exh.,  224;  exh.  Rubbings  of 
brasses  from  Teddington,  474 

Franks,  A.  W.,  Remarks  on  Romano- 
Celtic  Sword,  31  ;  Remarks  on 
Early  English  Glass  Vessels,  135; 
on  the  Remains  discovered  in  the 
Caves  of  La  Dordogne,  165  ;  contri- 
butes  to  Palaeolithic  Exh.  167—169; 
to  Neolithic  ditto,  224—228  ;  to 
Bronze  ditto,  426,  434  ;  exh.  Silver 
Seal  of  Manetin,  Bohemia,  173; 
exh.  and  pres.  Casts  of  Ivories 
and  Bookbindings  of  the  Carlovingian 
Period,  213 ;  his  address  on  Neo- 
lithic Exh.,  232  ;  Special  Thanks 
to,  212,  235;  Comm.  on  Megalithic 
Monuments  in  the  Netherlands,  258, 
475  ;  exh.  and  pres.  Topographical 
Prints  and  Drawings,  268;  exh. Bronze 
Neck-ring  and  Armlets  from  Mayence, 
270  ;  exh.  Bronze  Armlets  from 
Konigsfeld,  ib. ;  exh.  British  Urns  and 
a  Stone  "Bracer"  from  Brandon, 270; 
Remarks  on  two  Cakes  of  Copper, 
286  ;  Remarks  on  a  Stone  "  Bracer" 
found  at  Driffield,  289  ;  exh.  Runic 
Ring  of  Agate,  340  ;  exh.  Seal  from 
Doncaster,  342 ;  Remarks  on  a 
Sword  Pommel,  343 ;  exh.  Pricket 
Candlestick,  360  ;  exh.  Silver  Casket 
given  by  Margaret,  wife  of  Edw.  I. 
to  her  Stepdaughter  Isabella,  361  ; 
exh.  Bronze  Helmet,  362  ;  On  an 
_  Ancient  Canoe  from  the  Thames, 
364  ;  Unanimously  elected  Director, 
382  ;  exh.  and  pres.  Casts  of  Ivories 
from  Munich,  384;  Remarks  on  the 
Origin  of  Bronze,  418;  On  Bronze 
Weapons  and  Implements  from  the 
East,  421  ;  pres.  Shields  from  Meyrick 
Collection  to  British  Museum,  363, 
426  ;  exh.  and  pres.  two  Prints,  453 

French,  R.  V.,  el.  F.S.A.,  171;  exh. 
photos,  of  an  Inscribed  Stone  at  God- 
manchester,  280 

Freshfield,  E.,  exh.  Capital  of  Column 
from  site  of  Ancient  Ephesus,  157; 
exh.  Stone  Celt  from  Chipstead,  374; 


506 


INDEX. 


exh.  Rubbing  of  Brass  of  Bishop 
Halam,  375  ;  exh.  a  Persian  Picture, 
436  ;  comm.  a  Paper  on  Greek  Litur- 
gies and  Byzantine  Churches,  497 

Frodingham,  Drawing  of  Grave  Slab 
from,  473 

Fry,  F.,  exh.  and  pres.  lithograph  of  a 
Mural  Painting  in  Kelston  Church, 
294 

Fucino,  Lago  di,  Archaic  Bronze  from 
the,  324 

Fulco,  Archbishop  of  Rheims,  Copy  of 
his  Letter  to  King  Alfred,  333 

Fuller,  J.  F.,  el.  F.S.A.,  490 

Furley,  el.  F.S.A.,  64;  adm.  91 

Galilee,  at  Durham  Cathedral,  136 

Gardiner,  T.  Agg,  A  Bronze  Bowl  be- 
longing to,  exhibited,  444 

GarneVius  de  Neapoli,  Piior  of  the  Hos- 
pitallers in  England,  his  Seal,  445 

Garrucci,  Padre  Raffaele,  Comm.  on 
Faliscan  Inscription,  40  ;  Comm.  on 
an  Ivory  Pyxis,  191 

Gatty,  A.,  on  a  Pocket  Dial,  470 

Gauls,  Statement  of  Diodorus  Siculus 
as  to  their  Helmets,  362 

Gay,  T.  K.,  Special  Thanks  to,  170, 
235,  422 

Georgian  Churches,  Photos,  of,  110 

Germany,  Bronze  Implements  from, 
432-434 

Giffard,  Godfrey,  Bp.  of  Worcester, 
his  Court,  84 

Giresme,  Regnaut  de,  Charter  of,  222 

Gladstone,  Rt.  Hon.  W.  E.,  Letter 
from,  214 

Glamorganshire  : — Seal  for  the  Chan- 
cery of  Cardiff,  202 

Glass: — Goblet  of,  with  Arms  of  John 
Hugo  von  Orsbeck,  Bishop  of  Spire 
and  Archbp.  of  Treves,  30  ;  Bottle, 
found  in  a  coprolite  digging  near 
Cambridge,  101  ;  Phial,  found  in 
foundations  of  Lutterworth  Church, 
114,  132;  used  for  Relics,  119; 
ditto,  found  in  foundations  of  St 
Phillack,  Cornwall,  135  ;  Glass  Bottle 
found  in  the  Avon,  301  ;  Roman 
Bottle,  381  ;  Cup  of  Elizabethan 
period,  443  ;  Chalices  of,  ib. 

Gloucestershire  : — Roman  Remains  at 
Lydney,  96-101  ;  Transcripts  of  St. 
Peter's  Monastery  at  Gloucester,  301 

Godmanchester,  Inscribed  Stone  at,  280 

Godwin,  H.,  comm.  a  Paper  on  Don- 
nington  Castle,  437 

Gold  Ornaments,  found  along  with 
Bronze,  422,  426,  433 

Goldsmid,  A.,  on  the  origin  of  the 
word  "  Coach,"  343 


Gospels,  Manuscript  of  the,  332 

Gower,  \V.  G.  Leveson,  exh.  photo,  of 
Mural  Paintings  in  Chaldon  Church, 
62  ;  exh.  Ancient  Deeds,  197  ;  exh. 
a  Hornbook,  198  ;  exh.  a  Bronze 
Thurible  from  Limpsfield,  285 

Grant,  John,  Abbat  of  Keynsham, 
Monumental  Slab  of,  82 

Gratama,  O.,  his  Letter  to  A.  W. 
Franks  on  the  Hunnebedden,  263 

Gray,  Thomas,  first  Marquis  of  Dorset, 
his  Seal,  180 

Great  Van  Mine,  Spur  found  in,  236 

Greece,  Arrowheads  from,  433 

Greek  Liturgies,  Paper  on,  by  E.  Fresh- 
field,  497 

Green,  E.,  el.  F.S.A.,  490 

Greenwell,  W.,  Remarks  on  the  Bronze 
Exh.,  413;  contributes  to  Neolithic 
Exh.,  224-227;  to  Bronze  ditto, 
426,  434 

Gregory,  J.  L.G.,  his  Letter  to  A.  W. 
Franks  on  the  Hunnebedden  in  the 
Netherlands,  479 

Grendale,  Baldric  de,  exchanges  lands 
at  Ulceby  with  the  Monks  of  Kirk- 
stead,  201 

Grenville,  R.  Neville,  adm.  F.S.A.,  287; 
Resolution  moved  by,  213 

Griffith,  H.  T..  Comm.  on  Roman  Re- 
mains at  Bessingham,  Norfolk,  32 

Grimaldi,  C.  B.,  contributes  to  Neo- 
lithic Exh.,  232 

Gwynne,  J.  E.  A.,  adm.  F.SA.,  366 


Haines,  F.,  exh.  Antiquities  from  Chi- 

chester,  37,  180 
Halam,  Bishop,  his  Brass  at  Constance, 

375 

Hanover,  Gold  Fibula  found  in,  456 
Hardy,  Sir  T.  Duffus,  Special  Thanks  to, 

438 

Harlech,  Bronze  Shield  found  near,  432 
Harlyn,  Bronze  Celt   found  with  two 

gold  gorgets  at,  422 
Harrison,  C.,  el.  F.S.A.,  493  ;  adm.  491 
Harrod,  H.,  ob.  Notice  of,  141 
Hart,  \V.  H.,  Special  Thanks  to,   10; 

exh.  Transcripts  of  Cartulary  of  St. 

Peter's  Monastery,  Gloucester,  301  ; 

comrn.  a  Paper  on  some  proceedings 

of  the  Court  of  Star  Chamber,  temp. 

James  I.,  458 

Hartford,  Antiquities  found  at,  33-35 
Hartland,  F.   D.,  contributes  to   Neo- 
lithic  Exh.,    227  ;    pres.    two   Flint 

arrowheads  from  Syria,  328 
Hathaway,  Ann,  Print  of  her  Cottage, 

453 
Haversham,  Roman  Steelyard  from,  13 


INDEX. 


507 


Havilland,  J.  de,  cl.  F.S.A.,  292 ;  adm., 
301 

Hazlitt,  W.,  el.  F.S.A.,  171  ;  adm., 
172 

Heathery  Burn  Cave,  Hoard  of  Bronze 
Implements  at,  426 

Helmets,  Remarks  on  by  A.  W.  Franks, 
362 

Hclsby,  T.,  exh.  Drawings  from  Pillars 
of  a  Church  at  Bethlehem,  336 

Helstone,  Cromlech  at,  267 

Henderson,  J.,  contributes  to  Bronze 
Exh.,  427 

Henniker,  John  Lord,  ob.  Notice  of, 
143 

Henry  VII.,  his  Seal  for  the  Chancery 
of  Cardiff,  202 

Heraldry  : — Arms  of  John  Hugo  von 
Orsbeck,  30;  Use  of  Lozenge  as  a 
Charge,  singly,  and  surcharged,  54, 
Anomalous  arrangement  of  Quarter- 
ings,  79  ;  How  the  Coats  "of  an  In- 
heritrix to  her  Mother  but  not  to  her 
Father  ought  to  be  marshalled  by  her 
son,  80  ;  Armorial  Tiles  from  Keyn- 
sham  Abbey,  84 ;  Coat  of  Godfrey 
Giffard,  Bishop  of  Worcester,  ib.  ; 
Bishop's  Mitre  in  profile,  ib. ;  a 
Fanciful  Coat,  179;  "  Ung  Kene" 
for  "  Un  Chene,"  197;  Arms  of 
Josceline  Percy,  216  ;  Crescent  and 
Fetterlock  Badge,  ib.  ;  Arms  of  Hyde, 
221  ;  Armorial  Tile  from  West  Brom- 
wich,  303 ;  Arms  of  Basset,  304 ; 
Heraldic  Devices  on  Pillars  of  a  Churh 
at  Bethlehem,  336  ;  Arms  of  Queen 
Margaret,  361  ;  Arms  of  Isabella  of 
France,  ib. ;  Arms  of  Anne  Boleyn, 
474 

Herefordshire: — Sketch  of  Doorway  at 
Ross,  453 

Hertford,  Marquis  of,  exh.  Anglo-Saxon 
Remains  from  Ragley  Park,  453 

Hertfordshire  :  —  Discoveries  at  St. 
Alban's  Abbey,  294 ;  Etruscan  Cippus 
found  at  Hitchin,  497 

Hill,  J.  H.,  el.  F.S.A.,  64;  adm.  164; 
exh.  Roman  Amphora,  173 

Hinckley,  Roman  Remains  at,  282 

Hissarjik,  Paper  on  excavations  at,  by 
Dr.  Schliemann,  471 

Hitchin,  Etruscan  Cippus  found  at,  497 

Hodgkin,  J.  E.,  exh.,  small  bronze 
Bottle,  495 

Hodson,  G.  H.,  el.  F.S.A.,  326  ;  adm. 
360 

Holbein,  Binding  of  a  Book  designed  by, 
285 

Holcombe,  Roman  Villa  at,  276 

Holme,  J.  W.,  el.  F.S.A.,  130  ;  adm. 
156 


Homeyer,  C.  G.,  Special  Thanks  to,  88 

Honduras,  Flint  Implement  from,  93 

Hood,  Sir  A.  A.,  contributes  to  Bronze 
Exh.,  427 

Horn-book,  found  at  Limpsfleld,  198 

Horsey,  William,  Seal  of,  200 

Hospitallers,  Knights,  200,  222,  445 

Hotham  Carr,  Bronze  palstaves  and 
moulds  for  Casting  them,  found  at, 
426 

Hounslow,  Hoard  of  Bronze  Implements 
found  at,  428 

Howard,  J.  J.,  exh.  Deeds  and  Seals 
belonging  to  the  Mayor  and  Corpora- 
tion of  Coventry,  52,  60,  79,  121,  177 

Howorth,  H.  H.,  Remarks  on  the  Origin 
of  Bronze,  416 

Hubner,  Prof.,  Remarks  on  an  Inscribed 
Roman  Amphora,  341 

Hucknall,  Ancient  Interment  at,  35 

Hughes,  T.,  exh.  Fragment  of  Roman 
Amphora  found  at  Chester,  341 

Hughes,  T.  M'Kenny,  exh.  Box  with 
Inscriptions,  157  ;  exh.  Specimen  of 
Crag  Fossils,  299  ;  exh.  Loadstone 
found  in  Wales,  ib. 

Hugo,  T.,  contributes  to  Bronze  Exh., 
428,  434 

Huguenots,  Medal  on  the  Massacre  of 
the,  443 

Hulme,  F.  E.,  el.  F.S.A.,  326;  adm.  387 

Hundred  and  Tithing,  Derived  from  the 
Roman  '  Milites  Stationarii,'  365 

Hunnebedden,  Megalithic  Monuments 
so  called  in  the  Netherlands,  259, 
476 

Huntingdonshire  : — Antiquities  at  Hart- 
ford, 33  ;  Inscribed  Stone  at  God- 
Manchester,  280 

Hyde  Park  Corner,  Views  of,  213 


lago,  W.,  his  Report  on  Archaeology  in 
Cornwall,  481;  Special  Thanks  to, 
489 

India,  Hoard  of  Copper  Implements  from 
421,  432 

'Irish  Academy,  Royal,  contributes  to 
Bronze  Exh.  422 

Irish  Antiquities : — Stone  Axe-head  from 
Lough  Neagh,  80;  Bronze  Fibula  from 
Ridgmount,  190;  Bronze  Bell,  ib.  ; 
Portion  of  Pastoral  Staff,  ib.;  Figure 
from  a  Crucifix,  191;  A  Ring,  ib. ; 
A  Finger  Ring,  ib. ;  from  Skull,  near 
Skibbereen,  222  ;  Dagger- blades  from 
Westmeath,  Sligo,  and  Antrim,  268  ; 
Photos,  of,  286  ;  Bronze  Spear-head, 
300,  442 ;  Bronze  Cross  from  co. 
Longford,  335;  Gold  Torque  from 
Swineford,  co.  Sligo,  339 ;  Palstaves 


508 


INDEX. 


with  two  Loops,  422,  428  ;  Bronze 
Mace-head,  12,  424;  Bronze  Spear- 
head from  Lurgan,  co.  Antrim,  425; 
ditto  from  Lough  Gur,  with  Gold 
Plate  round  socket,  and  Bog-oak  stem, 
426;  Collection  of  Bronze  Weapons 
and  Implements  from,  424,  425,  427, 
428,  430,  431;  Flint  Javelin-head 
from  A^halee,  co.  Antrim,  441  ;  two 
spiked  objects  from  Lough- na-Glack, 
474 

Isabella  of  Spain,  see  Ferdinand. 

Isabella  of  France,  Casket  given  to  her, 
361  ;  Arms  of,  ib. 

Isle  of  Harty,  Hoard  of  Bronze  Imple- 
ments found  at,  424 

Isle  of  Wight,  Flint  Implement  from 
113 

Italy  : — Bronze  Implements  from,  432  — 
435;  Bronze  Razors  or  Leathercutters 
from,  434 

Ivories,  Casts  of,  presented  by  A.  W. 
Franks,  384 

Ivory  Casket: — From  Bodmin,  87  ;  from 
South  Kensington  Museum,  87,  88 

Ivory  Mirror  Case,  110 

Ivory  Pyxis,  191 

James  I.,  his  Seal  for  the  Duchy  of  Lan- 
caster, 203 

James,  son  of  Roger,  Charter  of,  with 
Seal,  60 

Jenkins,  R.  C.,  his  Report  on  Archaeo- 
logy in  Kent,  478  ;  Special  Thanks 
to  489 

Jerusalem,  Site  of  the  Temple,  of  Anto- 
nia,  and  of  the  Acra,  90 ;  Mr.  Fer- 
gusson's  Plans  of  Buildings  at,  453 

Jesse,  Tree  of,  on  an  embroidered  Vest- 
ment, 325 

Jet,  Bead  of,  180 

Jewitt,  L.,  contributes  to  Neolithic  Exh. 
224 

Joie,  Walter,  Monumental  Slab  of,  82 

Jones,  Horace,  exh.  and  pres.  chromo- 
lithographs of  Lord  Mayor's  Coach, 
472 

Jones,  J.  Winter,  nominated  Vice-Pre- 
sident, 317;  Remarks  on  a  Bronze 
Bowl  with  Arabic  Inscriptions,  343 

Jones,  M.  C  ,  adm.  F.S.A.  130;  exh. 
Brass  Spur,  236 

Justyne,  P.  W.,  exh.  and  pres.  Portrait 
of  T.  Bateman,  468 

Kelston,  Mural  Painting  in  Church,  294 
Kelvedon,  Roman  Antiquities  from,  30 
Kendrick,  J.,  exh.  Bronze  ewer,  386  ; 

contributes  to  Bronze  Exh.,  428 
Kent: — Account   of    antiquarian    Dis- 
coveries in,  1 24-1 30 ;  Inscribed  Anglo- 


Saxon  Knife  from  Sittingbourne,  2">8  ; 
Roman  Glass  Bottle  from  Bex  Hill, 
381  ;  Celtic  Remains  in,  382;  Tu- 
mulus near  Walmer,  381  ;  Hoard  of 
Bronze  Implements  from  the  Isle  of 
Harty,  424;  Mr.  Jenkins's  Report  on 
Archaeology  in,  478;  Some  local 
names  in,  of  Celtic  origin,  478. 

Kerr,  Mrs.  A.,  exh.  and  pres.  photo,  of 
six  Keys  found  in  the  Arno,  453 

Keynsham  Abbey,  Account  of  Ancient 
Remains  on  the  site  of,  80, -84 

Key-shaped  objects  found  in  Cam- 
bridgeshire, 496 

Kimmeridge  Coal,  Vases  of,  from  Essex,, 
30 

King,  T.  W  ,  ob.  Notice  of,  308 

King's  Sutton,  Stone  celt  found  at,  300 

Kirkstead,  Deed  relating  to  Cistercian 
Abbey  of,  201 

Kirwan,  R.,  el.  F.S.A.,  232 

Knife,  Anglo-Saxon,  with  Inscription, 
258 

Knight,  C.  J.,  el.  F.S  A.,  326;  adm., 
334 

Knowles,  J.,  contributes  to  Bronze 
Exh.,  428 

Konigsfeld,  Bronze  Armlets  from,  269 

Lake-dwellings,   Bronze   Weapons   and 

Implements  from,  434 
Lancashire  : — Bronze  Implements  from 

Winmarlay,  423;  Bronze  Knife  and 

Stone-axe  found  together  at  Winwick, 

ib. ;    Bronze  Bottle   from   Warbrook 

Moor,  496 

Lancaster,  Seal  of  the  Duchy  of,  203 
Lanciani,  R.,  Letters  on   Discoveries  at 

Rome,    89,    195 ;    el.    Hon.   Fellow, 

171 
Land  Measure,  Curious  kind  of,  in  an 

Ancient.  Deed,  202 
Langele,  Henry  de,  his  Quitclaim,  with 

Seal,  53 

Lanivet,  Inscribed  Stone  at,  486 
Large,  Walter  le,  Seal  of,  -200 
"  Late-Celtic  "  Antiquities  :  Iron  Sword 

in  Bronze  Scabbard,  31  ;  Helmet,  326 
Lawford,   E.,  contributes  to   Neolithic 

Exh.,  224 
Lawrence,  W.  L.,  exh.  a  Bronze  Bowl 

with   Arabic  Inscription,  343;    exh. 

Bronze  Bowl  from  the  Severn,  444 
Layton,   T.,    contributes    to    Neolithic 

Exh.,  224  ;  to  Bronze  ditto,  428 
Leaden   Tablets,   with    Inscriptions    in 

Latin  and  early  Italian.  1 1 1 
Leathersellers,    Special   Thanks   to   the 

Company  of,  292 
Lee,  F.  G.,  Special  Thanks  to,  10 
Leicestershire:— Glass  Phial  from  Lut- 


INDEX. 


509 


terworth,  114;  Brazen  Vessel  from  ; 
Peckleton,  116;  Roman  Remains  at  j 
Hinckley,  282;  Seal  of  Beauchief  j 
Abbey,  175  ;  Sword  Pommel  (?)  from  | 
East  Farndon,  343 

Lewin,  T.,  comm.  a  Paper  on  the  Sites 
of  the  Temple  at  Jerusalem,  of  Anto- 
nia,  and  of  the  Acra,  90,  92 

Lewis,  S.  S.,  exh.  Plaque  in  Champleve 
Enamel,  13  ;  el.  F.S.A.,  292 

Limpsfield,  Hornbook  found  at,  198; 
Thurible  ditto,  285 

Lincoln,  C.  Wordsworth,  Bishop  of,  el. 
F.S.A.,  383 

Lincoln,  Rubbings  of  Brasses  from  St. 
Mary-le-Wigford  at,  473 

Lincolnshire: — Bell  from  Bottesford, 
24-30  ;  Kirkstead  Abbey,  201  ;  Deed 
relating  to  Lands  at  Ulceby,  ib. ; 
Arrow-head*  from  Bottesford,  380 ; 
Bronze  Swords  from  Billinghay  Fen, 
431  ;  Rubbings  of  Brasses  from  Lin- 
coln, 473;  Drawing  of  Grave  Slab 
from  Frodingham,  ib. 

Little  Totham,  Gold  Ring  from,  217 

Lloyd,  E.,  Anglo-Saxon  Knife  belonging 
to,  258 

Lloyd,  W.  Watkiss,  exh.  a  Diaper  Table 
Cloth,  474 

Loftie,  W.  J.,  el.  F.S  A.,  232 

London  : — Roman  Antiquities  in  Buck- 
lersbury,  11;  Dragons'-heads  from 
the  Ancient  Gate  at  Aldersgate,  now 
at  Wallington,  24;  Grant  of  Arms  to 
the  Company  of  Masons  of,  269  ; 
Stationers'  Company,  exh.  and  pres. 
Bronze  Medal,  284  ;  Silver  Gilt  Ring 
found  in,  386  ;  Bull's  Eye  Lantern 
found  in  King  William  Street,  470 

London,  Corporation  of: — exh.  and 
pres.  Bronze  Medal,  11,  172  ;  Letter 
from,  on  Wimbledon  Camp,  387 

Long,  W.,  el.  F.S. A.,  64;  adm.  374 

Longman,  W.,  el.  F.S. A.,  391 

Long  Melford  Church,  Windows  at, 
189 

Lord  Mayor's  Coach,  Chromolithographs 
of,  472 

Lough  Gur,  Bronze  -spear-head  with 
Bog- oak  shaft  and  Gold  plate  round 
socket,  found  in,  426 

Lowe,  Rt.  Hon.  R.,  Resolution  on  the 
Troad  sent  to  him,  468  ;  his  Reply, 
491  ;  Lord  Stanhope's  Rejoinder, 492 

Lubbock,  Sir  J.,  contributes  to  Palaeoli- 
thic Exh.,  167  ;  comm  a  Paper  on 
the  Troad,  469 

Lucas,  J.  F.  contributes  to  Neolithic 
Exh.,  224  ;  exh.  two  Gold  Torques, 
339 

Lukis,  F.  C.  ob.  Notice  of,  309 


Lukis,  W.  C.,  comm.  a  Paper  on  Con- 
struction of  French  chambered  Bar- 
rows, 366  ;  exh.  Wooden  Cup  from 
Ripon,  442  ;  exh.  Cast  of  a  Stone 
Celt,  a  Stone  Gouge,  and  an  Earthen- 
ware Vessel  from  Algiers,  ib. ;  exh. 
Flint  Blade,  Buckle-Mould,  and  Stone 
Implement  from  the  Morbihan,  ib.  • 
exh.  Bronze  Buckle,  id.  ;  Stone 
Mould,  ib . 
Lunn,  J.,  contributes  to  Bronze  Exh., 

429 

Lurgan,  Bronze  spear-head  from,  425 
Lutterworth,  Glass  phial  from,  114 
Lydney,  Roman  Antiquities  at,  96-101 
Lyell,  Sir  C.,  contributes  to  Palaeolithic 

Exh.,  167 

Lynch,  T.  Ker,  exh.  photos,  of  Georgian 
Churches  at  Tortourn,  110 

Mace -heads,  Bronze,  12,  424,  433 
Macray,  W.  D.,  el.  F.S.A.,  490 
Major,  R,  H.,  comm.  Paper  on  the  Dis- 
covery of  Australia,  291  ;    comm.   a 
Paper  on  Supplementary  Facts  in  the 
Discovery  of  Australia,  386 
Manetin,  Seal  of,  173 
Manners,    G.,    Special   Thanks  to,  64; 
exh.  two   Letters  .signed   "  Loys   de 
Bourbon,    66 ;    exh.    an   Account   of 
the  Expenses  of  the  Diet  of  the  Privy 
Council  sitting  in  the  Star  Chamber, 
A.  D.  1594-5,  67 

Margaret,  Queen,  Casket  given  by  her 
to  her  stepdaughter  Isabella,  361  ; 
Arms  of,  ib. 

Marriott,  W.  B.,  ob.  Notice  of,  309 
Marshall,  G.  W.,  el.  F.S.A.,  326  ;  adm. 

467 

Marshalsea  Court,  Seal  of,  177 
Marsham,  Hon.  R.,  exh.  a  Volume  of 
Prayers  with    Binding    designed    by 
Holbein,  285 

Martin,  C.  W.,  ob.  Notice  of,  143 
Marton,     Warwickshire,     Anglo-Saxon 

Remains  at,  303 
Maryport,  Roman  Altars  at,  1 2 
Masons,  Grant  of  Arms  to  the  Company 

of,  269 

Mawgan,  Inscribed  Stone  at,  484 
Mayence,  Bronze  Neck-ring  and  Arm- 
lets from,  269 

Maynard,  H.  R.,  contributes  to  Palaeo- 
lithic Exh.,  167 

Medal : — Bronze,  on  Sultan's  Visit,  1 1  ; 
on  Queen's  opening  Holborn  Viaduct, 
172  ;  in  honour  of  T.  Brown,  284  ; 
Gold,  of  Fairfax,  443  ;  Bronze,  on 
Massacre  of  the  Huguenots,  443 
Medicis  de : — Letter  from  Cosmo  to 
Philip  Mary  Duke  of  Milan,  41  ;  from 


510 


INDEX. 


Lorenzo  to  Ser  Nicolo  Michelozzi,  ib.', 
Irom  John,  Cardinal,  to  Bernard  de' 
Michelozzi,  ib.;  from  Cardinal  Julius 
to  a  person  unknown,  42;  from  Cathe- 
rine to  Dorothea,  Duchess  of  Bruns- 
wick-Calenburg,  ib.\  from  Mary  to 
Charles  Emmanuel  I.,  43 

Methley,  Painted  Windows  at,  215 

Meyrick  Collection,  Bronze  shields  and 
helmet  from,  363,  426 

Mexico,  Bronze  Axe  from,  434 

Micklethwaite,  J.  T.,  comm.  Account  of 
Discoveries  at  St.  Alban's  Abbey,  294 ; 
exh.  brass  candlestick,  ib. 

Milton,  William,  Viscount,  adm.  F.S  A. 
32 

Milton  Abbey,  Seal  of,  251 

"  Misericorde,"  Dagger,  so  called,  found 
at  Brailes,  303 

Montgomeryshire:  —  Spur  from  Great 
Van  Mine,  236 ;  Hoard  of  Bronze 
Weapons  found  at  Pool  Quay  near 
Guilsfield,  422  ;  Flint  Knife  from,  441 

Monkman,  C.,  contributes  to  Neolithic 
Exh.  224 

Montagu,  Bishop,  his  Will,  Inventories, 
and  Funeral  Expenses,  455 

Montalt,  Roger  de,  Deed  Poll  of,  with 
Seal,  55 

Morbihan,  Flint  Blade, &c.,  from  the,  44 1 

Morehouse,  H.  J.,  el.  F.S.A.  326  ;  adm. 
387 

Morgan,  O.,  exh.  a  pair  of  Rock  Crystal 
Cups,  91 ;  exh.  Early  Printed  Volume 
containing  Book  of  Common  Prayer, 
other  Prayers,  Bible,  Homilies,  and 
Psalter,  287 

"  Motus  Proprius,"  Remarks  on  an  In- 
strument so  called,  50 

Moulds  for  Bronze  Implements,  423, 
424,  425,  426,  427,  430,  433,  434 

Mural  Paintings  :— At  Chaldon,  62;  at 
Kelston,  294 

Mycerinus,  Remarks  on  his  Body,  20 

Naseby,  Medalet  of  Fairfax  found  at, 
443 

Nesbitt,  A.,  Comm.  on  Wall  De- 
corations in  Sectile  work  in  the  Pa- 
lazzo Albani,  31  ;  Special  Thanks  to, 
57;  exh.  an  Ivory  Pyxis  of  the  sixth 
century,  191 

Netherlands,  Megalithic  Monuments  in 
the,  258,  475 

Nicholl,  F.  J.,  el.  F.S.A.  326  ;  adm.  366 

Nicholl,  J.,  ob.  Notice  of,  143 

Nichols,  J.  G  ,  exh.  Document  Appointing 
Sir  John  Fastolfe  Captain  of  the 
Bastille  of  St.  Anthony  at  Paris,  56  ; 
exh.  Seal  of  Milton  Abbey,  Dorset, 
251  ;  exh.  Heraldic  Tile  from  West 


Bromwich,  Staffordshire,  303 ;  Re- 
marks on  Drawings  from  Pillars  of  a 
Church  at  Bethlehem,  336 

Nilsson,  Prof.  Sven,  el.  Hon.  Fellow, 
171 

Nodons,  Name  of  a  local  Roman  Deity,  98 

Norfolk :  —  Roman  Remains  at  Bess- 
ingham,  32  ;  Seal  of  Cathedral  Church 
of  the  Holy  Trinity  at  Norwich,  256  ; 
Bronze  Implements  from  Stoke  Ferry, 
425 

Northampton,  Earl  of,  see  Compton 

Northamptonshire  : — Antiquities  from 
Duston,  64  ;  Stone  Celt  from  King's 
Sutton,  300;  Gold  Medal  of  Fairfax 
found  at  Naseby,  443 

Northumberland  :  —  Hoard  of  Bronze 
Weapons  found  at  Whittingham,  429 

Nottinghamshire :— Ancient  Interments 
at  Hucknall,  35 


O'Callaghan,  P.,  exh.  Collection  of  Letters 
of  the  Medici  Family  and  others,  41 — 
51 

Oculist's  Stamp,  100 

Okstede,  Thomasina  de,  her  Seal,  197 

Oliphant,  T.  L.  Kington,  el.  F.S.A.  130; 
adm.  148 

Ollard,  H.,  pres.  two  Matrices  of  Seals, 
78;  exh.  silver  Seal  of  Derby,  157; 
exh.  and  pres.  Impression  of  Seal  of 
St.  Mary's  Abbey,  York,  158 

Oppert,  G.,  Comm.  on  the  Vulgar  Chris- 
tian ./Era,  340 

Orfordness,  Brass  matrix  of  Seal  found 
at,  66 

Orsbeck,  John  Hugo  von,  his  Coat  of 
Arms,  31 

Orwell,  Anglo-Saxon  Fibula  found  at, 
380 

Ottocar,  King  of  Bohemia,  Seal  of,  78 

Ouvry,  Frederic,  Treasurer,  exh.  Roman 
Bronze  Steelyard,  13  ;  Special  Thanks 
to,  65  ;  exh.  Impression  of  Seal  of  a 
Guild  of  Corpus  Christi  at  Orford,  66  ; 
exh.  Flint  Implement  from  Egypt,  331 

Owen,  H.,  el.  F.S.A.  232  ;  adm.  267  ; 
exh.  and  pres.  a  Proclamation  and 
Broadside,  468 

Oxford,  Seal  of  Carmelite  Friars  lit,  383 

Oxfordshire  :  —  Dorchester  Dykes,  93, 
222  ;  Flint  Implement  and  Iron  Dag- 
ger found  opposite  Dorchester  Dyke 
Hills,  222  ;  Roman  Spoons  near  Dor- 
chester, 321  ;  Seal  of  Carmelite  Friars 
at  Oxford,  383 

Paignton,  Account  of  Chantry  at,  276 
Palaeolithic  Implements,  Exhibition  of, 
165 


INDEX. 


511 


Palestine  Exploration  Fund  Committee, 
exh.  Drawings  and  Plans  and  a  Model 
of  the  Haram,  90 
Palestrina,  Gold  Rings  from,  334 
Palmer,  C.  J.,  el.  F.S.A.,  292  ;  S.,  con- 
tributes to  Bronze  Exh.,  429 
Panfield,  Bronze  Implements  found  at, 

428 
Parish,  W.  D.,  contributes  to  Neolithic 

Exh.,  228 
Parker,  J.  H.,  on  Excavations  at  Rome, 

185,  327 

Parry,  L.  J.,  adm.  F.S.A.,  326 
Passion,    Emblems    of,    on    Seals,   66, 

449,  450 

Peacock,  Edward,  exh.  Bronze  Bell  from 
Bottesford  Church,  24  ;  exh.  a  Candle 
and  a  Bronze  Lamp,  58  ;  exh.  Charter 
of  Regnaut  de  Giresme,  222  ;  exh. 
Bronze  SimpMlum  from  Egypt,  251  ; 
comm.  transcript  of  Inventories  of 
Goods  of  Bp.  Fisher,  294  ;  comm. 
the  Will  of  Henry  Whitgift,  376; 
comm.  Letter  of  Thomas  Windebank, 
378  ;  exh.  Mediaeval  Arrowhead  from 
Bottesford,  380 ;  exh.  Rubbings  of 
Brasses  from  Lincoln,  473;  exh. 
Drawing  of  a  Grave  Slab  from 
Frodingham,  ib. 
Peck,  Lieut.,  on  the  Pharos  and  the 

Castle  at  Dover,  347 
Peckleton,  Brazen  Vessel  from,  116 
Peculiars,  Use  of  the  word,  239 ;  Dif- 
ferent kinds  of  jurisdictions  so  called, 
ib. ;  History  of,  239-241.  Seals  of 
the  following,  viz.  : — Leighton  Buz- 
zard, 238,  241,  246  ;  St.  Katherine's 
Hospital,  242  ;  Penkridge,  243  ;  St. 
Mary's  Chapel,  Shrewsbury,  ib.  • 
Great  Canford  and  Poole,  ib. ;  Wim- 
borne  Minister,  ib.;  Official  of  the 
Dean  of  Arches,  ib,  ;  Court  of  Abp. 
of  Cant,  for  Deaneries  of  Pagham  and 
Tarring  at  Chichester,  ib, ;  Francis 
Ringstede,  Commissary  of  Pec.  Juris- 
dict.  of  Cant,  in  co.  Sussex,  ib. ; 
Deanery  of  Bocking,  244  ;  Charles 
Trumbull,  Dean  of  Bocking,  ib. ; 
Saltwood,  ib. ;  Wingh'am,  ib.;  Con- 
sistory Court  of  Dean  and  Chapter  of 
Exeter,  ib. ;  Dean  and  Ch.  of  Lincoln, 
ib.  ;  ditto  of  Norwich,  245  ;  Dean  of 
Salisbury,  ib.  ;  Sunning,  ib.  ;  Prees, 
ib. ;  Sawley,  ib.  ;  Biggleswade,  ib.  ; 
Dunham,  246;  Leicester,  ib.;  Long 
Stowe,  ib. ;  Calne,  ib. ;  Masham,  ib. ; 
Great  Cressingham,  ib. ;  Cliffe,  ib.  ; 
Alvechurch,  247  ;  Hampton  Lucy, 
ib.  ;  Hanbury,  'ib.  ;  Hartlebury,  ib.; 
Ripple,  ib.  ;  Stratford-on-Avon,  ib.  ; 
Tredington,  ib.  ;  Overton,  2 18  ; 


Castle  Rising,  ib. ;  Corfe  Castle,  ib. ; 
Rothley  Manor  and  Soke,  ib. ;  Battle 
Abbey,  ib. ;  Bibury,  ib. ;  Burton-on- 
Trent,  ib.;  South  Cave,  ib.;  Dale 
Abbey,  249  ;  Bedwine,  ib. ;  Evington, 
250  ;  Little  MaWern,  ib.  ;  Fountains 
Abbey,  ib.  ;  Sturminster  Marshall, 
ib. ;  Witham  Friary,  ib. 

Pendelsford,  Isabel  de,  Monumental 
Slab  of,  82 

Penn,  William,  Land  conveyed  to,  78 

Penning,  W.  H.,  contributes  to  Neo- 
lithic Exh.,  224 

Perceval,  C.  S.,  Director,  Remarks  on 
Antiquities  from  Chichester,  37  ;  exh. 
Seal  from  Farnham,  55  ;  Remarks  on 
a  MS.  exh.  by  G.  Manners,  67-71  ; 
Remarks  on  Early  Deeds  relating  to 
Robertsbridge  Abbey,  87  ;  el.  Soane 
Trustee,  146 ;  Vote  of  Thanks  to, 
if). ;  Remarks  on  a  Letter  from  G. 
Buck  to  John  Stanhope,  193 ;  Re- 
marks on  the  Seal  of  the  Cathedral 
Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  Norwich, 
256  ;  Remarks  on  Seal  of  Richard 
Duke  of  Gloucester,  238  ;  Remarks 
on  Seals  of  Peculiars,  238-250  ; 
Letter  announcing  his  Resignation  of 
the  Office  of  Director,  349  ;  Reso- 
lution of  Society  thereupon,  351  ; 
Letter  from,  in  reply  thereto,  365  ; 
Remarks  on  Early  Deeds  and  Seals 
exh.  by  R.  H.  Wood,  445 

Pettycur,  curious  Bronze  Chisel  found 
at,  430 

"  Phalerse,"  an  example  of  in  Silver, 
223 

Phene,  J.  S.,  el.  F.S.A.,  292 

Phillips,  W.  B.,  contributes  to  Neo- 
lithic Exh.,  224 

Phillipps,  Sir  T.,  ob.  Notice  of,  310 

Piggot,  J.,  exh.  Illuminated  MSS.,  85  ; 
exh.  coloured  Drawings  of  Windows 
of  Long  Melford  Church,  Suffolk, 
189;  exh.  Roman  Gold  Ring,  217 

Pilton  Priory,  Seal  of,  252 

Plush  Down,  Antiquities  at,  112 

"  Poind  and  his  Man,"  a  Monolith  at 
Wallington,  24 

Poley,  W.  W.,  contributes  to  Paleo- 
lithic Exh.,  167 

Pool  Quay,  near  Guilsfield,  Hoard  of 
Bronze  Weapons  at,  422,  429 

Pottery: — From  Bessingham,  32;  from 
Hartford,  34  ;  from  Chichester,  38  ; 
from  Plush  Down,  Dorset,  112  ;  from 
Kent,  124,  125,  129  ;  from  Bedding- 
ton,  150,  153-;  from  Cyprus,  155; 
from  Brandon,  271  ;  from  Denzell, 
321  ;  from  Chester,  341 ;  from  Ash- 
burton,  384;  from  Cornwall,  429 


512 


INDEX. 


Powis,  Earl  of,  contributes  'to  Bronze 

Exh.,  429 
Pownall,    A.,    exh.    Glass    Phial    from 

Lutterworth,  114,  132;  exh.  Brazen 

Vessel   from    Peckleton,     116;    exh. 

Sword  Pommel  (?)/rom  East  Farndon, 

343  ;    exh.   Gold   Medal   of  Fairfax, 

443  ;   exh.  Roman  Gold  Ring,  444  ; 

exh.  Bronze  Medal  on  the  Massacre 

of  the  Huguenots,  444 
Priapus,  Bronze  Figure  of,  180 
Price,  J.  E.,  el.  F.S.A.,  171  ;  adm.  172  ; 

exh.  Etruscan  Cippus  from   Hitchin, 

497 
Princethorpe,     Warwickshire,     Roman 

Remains  at,  303 

Pringle,  J.,  Deeds  belonging  to,  236 
Privy  Council,  Account  of  the  Cost  of 

their  Dinners  in  the  Star  Chamber, 

67-77 
Provis,T.  J.,  contributes  to  Bronze  Exh., 

429 
Pyrites,  Iron,  found  in  a  Barrow,  with 

Bronze  Implements,  426,  429 

Queen,  Her  Majesty  The,  Special  Thanks 
to,  85 


Rae,  J.,  el.  F.S.A.,  130;  adm.  148 

Ragley  Park,  Anglo-Saxon  Remains 
found  at,  453 

Ralston,  W.  R.  S.,  Comm.  on  an  In- 
scribed Copper  Bason  found  at  Chert- 
sey,  180 

Ravensworth,  Lord,  contributes  to 
Bronze  Exh.,  429 

Rawle,  J.  S.,  el.  F.S.A.,  130 

Rawlins,  F.  J.,  exh.  a  Triangular  Flint 
Implement  and  a  Bronze  Sickle  from 
the  Thames,  95;  el.  F.S.A.,  171; 
adm.  172  ;  exh.  Bones  and  Flints 
from  a  Tumulus  near  Walmer,  380; 
exh.  Roman  Glass  Bottle,  381 

Reach  Fen,  Hoard  of  Bronze  Imple- 
ments found  in,  424 

Read,  General  J.  W.,  el.  F.S.A.,  232 

Reid,  G.  W.,  el.  F.S.A.,  292 

Rialton,  Inscribed  Stone  at,  484 

Richard,  Duke  of  Gloucester  (afterwards 
11.  III.),  his  Seal  as  Admiral  of  Eng- 
land, 238 

Rings: — Egyptian,  18,  19;  plain  Gold, 
31 ;  Signet  Ring,  66  ;  posy,  ib.;  Gold 
Roman  with  Inscription,  217  ;  Early 
Christian,  321 ;  Gold,  from  Palestrina, 
334;  Agate,  with  Runic  Inscription, 
340  ;  Silver  Gilt  found  in  Fleet  Street, 
386  ;  Roman,  of  Gold,  443  ;  Bronze, 
455 

Ripon,  Wooden  Cup  found  at,  441 


Robertsbrid'e  Abbey,  Deeds  relating 
to,  87 

Roe,  C.  F.,  adm.  F.S.A.,  85 

Rogers,  J.  J.,  contributes  to  Bronze 
Exh.,  429 

Rogers,  W.  H.  H.,  exh.  Deed  of  Grant 
by  Hugh  de  Courtenay,  36;  el.  F.S.A., 
292 

Rolleston,  G.,  el.  F.S.A.,  326 

Rollo,  John  Rogerson,  Lord,  el.  F.S.A., 
335  ;  adm.  340 

Rolls,  J.  A.,  el.  F.S.A.,  130  ;  contributes 
to  Bronze  Exh.,  430 

Roman  Antiquities  : — At  Bucklersbury, 
1 1 ;  at  Maryport,  12;  at  Haversham, 
13;  atKelvedon,30;  at  Bessingham, 
32;  at  Hartford,  33;  at  Chichester, 
37;  at  Duston,  64;  in  the  Precincts 
of  Westminster  Abbey,  85  ;  at  Rome, 
89,  195  ;  at  Lydney,  96-101  ;  in  Kqnt, 
124-130;  at  Beddin^ton,  149;  in 
Barbican,  173;  Gold  Ring  from  Little 
Totham,  217  ;  Bronze  Weight,  arm- 
let, and  coins  found  at  Cambridge, 
218  ;  Villa  at  Holcomhe,  276  ;  Altar 
at  Bath,  281  ;  Coins  at  Hinckley, 
282  ;  at  Cave's  Inn,  Peterhall,  Prince- 
thorpe (Warwickshire),  302  ;  Spoons 
near  Dorchester  (Oxon),  321 ;  in 
Cumberland,  331;  at  Chester,  341  ; 
Glass  Bottle  from  Bex  Hill, 381  ;  Gold 
.Ring  from  Casterton,  443 

Romano-British  Helmets,  362  ;  Sword 
of  Iron  in  Bronze  Scabbard,  31 

Rome,  Wall  Decorations  at  the  Palazzo 
Albani,  31  ;  Tomb  Discovered  at  the 
Porta  Salaria,  89,  195 

Roots,  G.,  contributes  to  Bronze  Exh., 
430,  434 

Rosehill,  George  John,  Lord,  el.  F.S.A., 
217 

Roseworthy,  Inscribed  Stone  at,  484 

Ross,  Sketch  of  Doorway  at,  with  Mono- 
grams of  John  Kyrle,  453 

Rouen,  Ancient  Interments  at  St.  Ouen, 
160 

Rudstone,  Bronze  and  Flint  Implements 
and  half  a  nodule  of  pyrites,  found 
together  in  a  Barrow  at,  426 

Russell,  W.  P.,  exh.  Silver  Gilt  Ring 
found  in  London,  386 

Rylands,  J.  P.,  el.  F.S.A.,  490 


St.  Alban's  Abbey,  Discoveries  at,  294 
St.    Mennas    of    Alexandria,    Subjects 
from  his  Life  on  an  Ivory  Pyxis,  191 
St.  Ouen,  Ancient  Interments  at,  160 
St.  Phillack,  Glass  Phial  found  in  founda- 
tions of,  135 
St.  Stephen,  Stoning  of,  214 


INDEX. 


513 


Salwey,  T.,  exh.  Seal  of  the  Peculiar  of 
Leighton,  238 

Sandal,  Heraldic  Bench-ends  at,  215 

Sandwith,  B.,  Comm.  on  Pottery  from 
Cyprus,  155 

Saunders,  W.  S.,  el.  F.S.A.,  231;  adm. 
251 

Scabbard,  Bronze,  End  of,  427,429,430, 
434 

Scarabs,  18,  21 

Scarth,  H.  M.,  comm.  Account  of 
Ancient  Remains  on  Site  of  Keyns- 
ham  Abbey,  Somersetshire,  81  ; 
comm.  Account  of  some  Camps  near 
Clifton,  257 

Scherman,  Thomas  le,  his  Seal,  179 

Schliemann,  Dr.,  comm.  a  Paper  on 
Excavations  at  Hissarjik,  471 

Scilly  Islands,  Bronze  Daggers,  Armlets, 
and  an  Agate  Uead  found  together  at, 
422 

Scotland :  —Vitrified  forts  in,  257 ;  Spear- 
head  of  unusual  form,  and  two  leaf- 
shaped  swords  from,  427 ;  curious 
chisel  from,  430 

Seals  : — Of  Hugh  de  Courtenay,  37  ;  of 
Mary  de  Medicis,  43  ;  of  Caesar  Bor- 
gia, 48 ;  of  Ferdinand  and  Isabella, 
51;  of  Walter  de  Daiville,  52;  of 
Richard  son  of  Ernisius,  53  ;  of  Henry 
de  Langele,  54  ;  of  Roger  de  Monhaut, 
55 ;  Hexagonal  from  Farnham,  ib.  ; 
of  Robert  Waldeby,  Archbp.  of  York, 
58  ;  of  James  son  of  Roger,  60  ;  of  a 
Guild  of  Corpus  Christi  at  Orford, 
Suffolk,  66  ;  of  Ottocar,  78  ;  with  SS. 
James  and  Katherine,  ib. ;  of  Comp- 
ton,  Earl  of  Northampton,  79;  of 
Amarsweiler,  93  ;  Seal  of  silver  with 
Legend,  ib.;  of  Derby,  157;  of  St. 
Mary's  Abbey,  York,  158  ;  of  Manetin, 
Bohemia,  173  ;  of  Monastery  of  Holy 
Trinity  at  Dunfermline,  ib.;  of  Lead, 
175;  of  Beauchief  Abbey,  175;  of 
Marshalsea  Court,  177;  of  Thomas  le 
Scherman,  179;  of  Thomas  de  Soly- 
hul,  ib. ;  of  Treasury  of  Church  of 
B.V.M.  at  Coventry,  ib. ;  of  Thomas 
Gray,  first  Marquis  of  Dorset,  180; 
of  Thomasina  de  Okstede,  197;  of 
Walter  d'Abernon,  198;  of  Richard 
Forester,  ib.  ;  of  Priory  of  Austin 
Canons  at  Taunton,  199  ;  of  Chantry 
of  St.  Mary  the  Virgin,  ib. ;  of  Vicar 
of  Bridgewater,  ib. ;  of  Richard  Arsher, 
200;  of  Walter  le  Large,  ib.;  of  Wil- 
liam Horsey, ib.;  used  by  Sir  William 
Weston,  Prior  of  the  Knights  Hospi- 
tallers, ib.;  of  Henry  VII. ,  for  the 
Chancery  of  Cardiff,  202  ;  of  James  I. 
for  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster,  203  ;  of 
VOL.  V.  2 


John  Crighton,  Archbp.  of  St.  An- 
drews, 237 ;  of  Richard  Duke  of 
Gloucester,  238;  of  Peculiars,  238— 
250,  see  Peculiars  ;  of  Milton  Abbey, 
251  ;  of  Pilton  Priory,  252;  of  Ar- 
broath  Abbey,  254;  of  Christ  Church, 
Canterbury,  ib. ;  of  Holy  Trinity 
Cathedral  Church,  Norwich,  256  ;  of 
Southwick  Priory,  ib. ;  of  Boxgrave 
Priory,  ib. ;  of  an  Archbp.  of  Armagh, 
331;  of  Thomas  Windebank,  380;  of 
Carmelite  Friars  at  Oxford,  383;  of 
Garnerius  de  Neapoli,  445;  of  W. 
Conrad,  449;  of  W.  de  Wilbye,  ib. 

Sectile-work,  Wall  Decorations  in,  31 

Sepulchral  Monuments  Committee,  Ac- 
count of  its  Labours,  313;  Treasury 
consents  to  Print  Report  as  a  Parlia- 
mentary Paper,  327 

Sepulchral  Remains,  Bronze  Implements 
found  with,  422,  423,  426,  429,  430 

Severn,  Bronze  Bowl  found  in  the,  444 

Sewell,  W.  H.,  comm.  Paper  on  Sir 
James  Tyrrell,  164 

Sforzas : — Letter  from  Jacomuzio  to  the 
Governors  of  Sienna,  43  ;  from  Ludo- 
vico  Maria  to  Charles  VIII. ,  44  ;  from 
Ottaviano  Maria  to  Anne  de  Montmo- 
rency,  47 

Shakespeare,  Print  of  his  Birthplace,  453 

Sharp,  S.,  exh.  Antiquities  from  Dus- 
ton,  64 

Shearme,  E.,  el.  F.S.A.,  231  ;  adm.  236 

Sheppard,  J.  B.,  exh.  Documents  relating 
to  the  Monastery  of  Christ  Church, 
Canterbury,  101 

Shirley,  E.  P.,  contributes  to  Neolithic 
Exh.  225;  comm.  a  Paper  on  the 
Will,  Inventories,  and  Funeral  Ex- 
penses of  Bp.  Montagu,  455  ;  Special 
Thanks  to,  317;  exh.  two  spiked  ob- 
jects from  Lough-na-Glack,  474 

Shrewsbury,  Gold  Rings  found  at,  66 

Shrewsbury  Museum,  contributes  to 
Bronze  Exh.  423 

Shropshire  :  -^  Gold  rings  found  at 
Shrewsbury,  66 ;  Hoard  of  Bronze 
Implements  at  Broadward,  423 ;  Sickle- 
shaped  Implement  from  Battlefield, 
431;  Bronze  shield  found  atBagley,429 

Sickles,  Bronze,  from  Camenz  and  else- 
where, 433, 434 

Simpson,  G.  W.,  adm.  F.S.A.,  217 

Simpson,  W.  S.,  contributes  to  Palaeo- 
lithic Exh.,  165;  to  Neolithic  ditto, 
224—229  ;  to  Bronze  ditto,  430,  435 

Sittingbourne,  Anglo-Saxon  Inscribed 
Knife  found  at,  258 

Slade,  F.,  Catalogue  of  his  Collection  of 
Glass  presented  to  the  Society,  212 

Slaughter  Bridge,  Inscribed  Stone  at,  483 


514 


INDEX. 


Sling  Bullet,  with  name  Cleonicus,  220 

Smith,  W.  J.  B.,  contributes  to  Neo- 
lithic Exh.,  224  ;  to  Bronze  ditto, 
430,  435 

Soane  Museum,  C.  S.  Perceval  el. 
Trustee  of,  146 

Soham,  Anglo  Saxon  Antiquities  from, 
496 

Solyhul,  Thomas  de,  his  seal,  179 

Somersetshire  : — Ancient  Remains  on 
Site  of  Keynsham  Abbey,  81  ;  Seal 
of  Priory  of  Austin  Canons  at  Taun- 
ton,  199;  Seal  of  Vicar  of  Bridge- 
water,  ib.;  Roman  Altar  at  Bath, 
281  ;  Mural  Fainting  in  Kelston 
Church,  294  ;  Hoard  of  Bronze  Im- 
plements at  Stogursey,  427 

Soromenho,  Augusto,  el.  Honorary 
Fellow,  232 

South  Brent,  Bronze  spear-head,  rivet, 
and  ferrule  found  at,  431 

Spain,  Flat  Bronze  Celt  from,  434 

Spalding,  S.,  el.  F.S.A.,  292 

Spaldyng,  John,  Monumental  Slab  of, 
83 

Speen,  Barbed  Spear-head  from,  424 

Spratt,  Rear  Adm.,  exh.  Sketches  of 
theTroad,  471 

Spurrel,  F.  G.  C.,  contributes  to  Palaeo- 
lithic Exh.,  166 

Spurs,  110,  236,303 

Staffordshire : — Steel  Spur  from  Stoke- 
upon-Trent,  236  ;  Armorial  Tile  from 
West  Bromwich,  305  ;  Gold  Torque 
from  Stanton,  339 

Stanhope,  Earl,  comm.  a  Paper  on  a 
Passage  in  Juvenal,  109  ;  Anniversary 
Address,  1871,  136;  1872,305  ;  exh. 
Letter  from  G.  Buck  to  John  Stan- 
hope, 191;  urges  upon  the  Govern- 
ment the  purchase  of  the  Castellani 
Collection  of  Antique  Jewellery,  &c., 
212  ;  Resolution  on  his  being  made 
a  Foreign  Member  of  the  Institute  of 
France,  326 ;  his  reply  thereto,  327  ; 
his  Letter  to  Mr.  Lowe,  494 

Stanhope,  Hon.  E ,  el.  F.S.A.,  490  ; 
adm.  491 

Stanton,  Gold  Torque  from,  339 

Star  Chamber,  Court  of,  not  a  new 
jurisdiction,  but  a  new  name,  68 

Stationers'   Company,   exh.   and   pres. 

Bronze  Medal,  284 

Statutes  of  Society,  Proposal  for  amend- 
ing them,  110;  Amended,  146 

Steelyard,  Roman  Bronze,  13  ;  weights, 
from  Peterhall,  Warwickshire,  303 

Stoke  Ferry,  Bronze  Implements  from, 
425 

Stokes,  M.,  exh.  photos,  of  Early  Irish 
Architecture,  286 


Stoke-upon -Trent,  Steel  spur  from, 
236 

Stradling,  Sir  E.,  Defeasance  of  a  Re- 
cognizance made  by  him,  203 

Strong,  G.,  exh.  and  pres.  Sketch  of  a 
Doorway  at  Ross,  453 

Suffolk:  —  Windows  at  Long  Melford 
Church,  189;  Seal  found  at  Orford- 
ness,  66  ;  British  Urns  and  a  "  Bracer  " 
found  at  Brandon,  269 

Suffolk  Institute  of  Archaeology,  con- 
tributes to  Bronze  Exh,",  423,  432 

Sultan,  issues  Circular  on  Preservation 
of  Antiquities,  11 

Surrey  :  —  Seal  from  Farnha-m,  55  ; 
Mural  Paintings  at  Chaldon,  62 ; 
Roman  Villa  at  Beddington,  149 ; 
Hornbook  from  Limpsfield,  198  ; 
Thurible  from  ditto,  285  ;  Stone 
Celt  from  Chipstead,  374  ;  Rubbings 
of  Brasses  from  Teddington,  474 

Susannah  before  the  Judges,  on  a 
Watch,  214 

"  Suspenders,"  Objects  so  called  found 
in  Cambridgeshire,  496 

Sussex: — Robertsbridge  Abbey,  87; 
Seal  of  Boxgrave  Priory,  256  ;  British 
Coin  found  at  Warbledon,  222  ; 
Bronze  Implements  from  Billings- 
hurst,  423  ;  from  Wilmington,  ib. ; 
Antiquities  from  Chichester,  37-40, 
180 

Sussex  Archaeological  Society,  contri- 
butes to  Bronze  Exh.,  423 

Swann,  J.  S.,  el.  F.S.A.,  130;  Comm. 
on  a  Roman  Villa  at  Holcombe, 
Dorset,  276 

Swansea  Museum,  contributes  to  Bronze 
Exh.,  423 

Swinford,  co.  Sligo,  Gold  Torque  from, 
339 

Sword,  Romano- Celtic,  of  Iron  in 
Bronze  Scabbard,  3 1 

Syria,  Altar-stone  and  Thurible  from, 
289  ;  Flint  Arrow-heads  from,  328 


Talbot  de  Malahide,  Lord,  contributes 

to  Bronze  Exh.,  430 
Taunton,    Seal    of    Priory    of    Austin 

Canons  at,  199 
Tayler,  W.,  exh.  fragm.  of  Ivory  Mirror 

Case,  110 
Teddington,  Rubbings  of  Brasses  from, 

474 

Teniswood,  G.  F.,  Special  Thanks  to,  10 
Thames,    Flint    Implements    and    Iron 

Dagger  from,  222  ;  Bronze  Weapons 

and  Implements  found  in  the,  425, 

427,  428,  430,  474  ;  Ancient  Canoe 

from,  364 


INDEX. 


515 


Thompson,  J.,  Comm.  on  Roman  Re- 
mains at  Hinckley,  28 

Thompson,  T.,  adm.  F.S.A.,  172 

Thome,  J.,  el.  F.S.A.,  292  ;  adm.,  317 

Thornhill,  Painted  Windows  at,  215 

Thuribles  : — from  Ashbury  Church, 
Berks.,  H4  ;  from  Limpsfield,  Surrey, 
285  ;  found  between  Palmyra  and 
Damascus,  289 

Thurnam,  J.,  contributes  to  Neolithic 
Exh.,  225  ;  to  Bronze  ditto,  431 

Tite,  Sir  William,  exh.  Roman  Vase  of 
Kimmeridge  Coal,  a  Bronze  Fibula, 
and  a  German  Goblet,  33 ;  exh.  a 
Gold  Ring,  31  ;  Resolution  moved 
by,  2 13  ;  Comm.  on  Paignton  Chantry, 
South  Devon,  276  ;  on  Remains  at 
Torre  Abbey,  344 

Tokens  : — Of  Jol^n  Smith  of  Chichester, 
40 

Tomline,  G.,  adm.  F.S.A.,  287 

Torre  Abbey,  Remains  of,  described, 
344 

Touchstone,  Goldsmith's,  51 

Trevelgue,  Tumuli  at,  321 

Trevelyan,  Sir  W.  C.,  exh.  and  pres. 
photo,  of  stone  objects  at  Walling- 
ton,  24  ;  exh.  Pair  of  Andirons,  280  ; 
exh.  Charter  of  Athelstan,  ib. 

Troad,  Paper  on  by  Sir  John  Lubbock, 
468  ;  Resolution  on  Excavations  in, 
passed  by  the  Society  and  sent  to  the 
Right  Hon.  R.  Lowe,  Chancellor  of 
the  Exchequer,  ib.  ;  Mr.  Lowe's 
Reply  thereto,  491  ;  Lord  Stanhope's 
Rejoinder,  494;  Antiquities  from, 
471.  See  Hissarjik 

Trollope,  Archdeacon,  exh.  Steel  Spur 
from  Stoke-upon-Trent,  236  ;  Seal  of 
Richard  Duke  of  Gloucester  (after- 
wards Richard  III.),  238  ;  contributes 
to  Bronze  Exh.,  431 

Triibner,  C.,  exh:  Electrotypes  of  Scan- 
dinavian Bracteates,  258 

Tucker,  C.,  contributes  to  Bronze  Exh., 
431 

Tupper,  Capt.  H.  C.,  exh.  and  pres. 
Roman  Tile  and  Tesserse,  11  ;  exh. 
Specimens  of  a  Vitrified  Fort,  257; 
contributes  to  Neolithic  Exh.,  229 

Tyrrell,  C.,  el.  F.S.A.,  391 

Ulceby,  Deed  Relating  to  Lands  at,  201 

"  Vse  '/'  used  as  a  Substantive,  254,  256, 

342 
Valais,  Remarkable  Bronze  Axe  found 

at,  433  ;  see  399 

Vavasour,  Sir  H.  M.,  el   F.S.A.,  490 
Vitrified  Forts,  Specimens  of,  257 
Vortigern,  the  Invader  of  Kent,  321 


Wakefield,  Resolution  of  Society  against 
the  removal  of  Choir  Screen  in  Parish 
Church  of,  149  ;  Miserere  at,  216 

Walcott,  M.  E.  C.,  Special  Thanks  to, 
317;  comm.  Transcripts  of  Inventories 
relating  to  Westminster,  St.  Alban's, 
and  Waltham,  322 

Walker,  S.  D.,  Comm.  on  Ancient  In- 
terments at  Hucknall,  Notts.,  35  ; 
exh.  an  Iron-capped  Stake,  and  a 
Pair  of  Snuffers,  135,  136  ;  el.  F.S.A., 
171  ;  adm.  326 

Wallingford,  Bronze  Implements  found 
at,  425 

Wallington,  Antiquities  at,  24 

Walmer,  Bones  and  Flints  from  a  tumu- 
mus  near,  381 

WTarbledon,  British  Coin  found  at,  222 

Warbrook  Moor,  Bronze  Bottle  found 
at,  496 

Warrington  Free  Museum,  contributes 
to  Bronze  Exh.,  428 

Warne,  C.,  exh.  photo,  of  Helstone 
Cromlech,  Dorset,  267 

W^atch  of  Sixteenth  Century  by  Pierre 
Combret,  216 

WTatson,  C.  Knight,  Secretary,  Remarks 
on  Illuminated  MSS.,  85  ;  Remarks 
on  a  Charter  of  Regnaut  de  Giresme, 
222  ;  Remarks  on  a  Bronze  Bowl 
from  the  Severn,  444' 

Warwickshire : — Early  Deeds  from  Co- 
ventry, 52,  60,  79,  121,  177  ;  Wood- 
cut of  the  King's  Stone  presented, 
294  ;  Glass  Bottle  found  in  the  Avon, 

301  ;  Roman  Remains  at  Cave's  Inn, 

302  ;  Steelyard  Weights  from  Peter- 
hall,  303  ;  Roman  Remains  at  Prince- 
thorpe,  ib. ;  Anglo-Saxon  Remains  at 
Marton,  ib. ;  Small  Pistol  from  Brown- 
sover,  ib. ;  Spurs  from  Coventry,  ib. ; 
Dagger  fromBrailes,  ib. ;  Anglo-Saxon 
Remains  from  Ragley  Park,  453 

Way,  Albert,  exh.  a  Goldsmith's  Touch- 
stone, 51  ;  Special  Thanks  to,  212  j 
exh.  Roman  Bronze  Weight,  218  ;  exh. 
Portion  of  an  Embroidered  Vestment, 
325  ;  exh.  Metal  Lozenge-shaped  Ob- 
ject, 475 

Weight,  Roman  Bronze,  218 

Wensleydale,  Romano  -  Celtic  Sword 
found  there,  31 

West  Bromwich,  Armorial  Tile  from, 
305 

Westminster,  Deed  relating  to  Land  inr 
318 

Westminster  Abbey,  Tomb  of  Valerius- 
Amandinus  found  in  the  Precincts  of, 
85 

Westminster,  Dean  of,  exh.  and  pres. 
Plaster  Cast  of  Portion  of  Tomb  of 


510 


INDEX. 


Valerius  Amandinus,  85  ;  Report  from 
him  on  a  Meeting  of  the  Society  held 
at  the  Chapter  House,  213 

Westminster  Chapter  House,  Meeting 
of  the  Society  held  at,  213 

Weston,  Sir  William,  Seal  used  by,  200 

Westrop,  R.,  contributes  to  Bronze  Exh. 
431 

Westropp,  H.  M.,  comm.  a  Paper  on 
Pre-Christian  Cross,  77  ;  exh.  Bronze 
objects  of  Irish  Workmanship,  190; 
contributes  to  Neolithic  Exh.,  225  ; 
to  Bronze  ditto,  435  ;  exh.  Fragment 
of  Bronze  Matrix  of  a  Seal  of  an 
Archbp.  of  Armagh,  331  ;  Comm.  on 
mode  of  hafting  Bronze  palstaves,  335 

Whaddon,  Stone  Celt  from,  331 

Wharncliffe,  Lord,  exh.  Romano-Celtic 
Sword  of  Iron,  with  Bronze  Scab- 
bard, 31 

White,  W.,  On  a  Glass  Phial  found  in 
Cornwall,  135  ;  Comm.  on  the  Galilee 
of  Durham  Cathedral,  136 

Whittingham,  Hoard  of  Bronze  Weapons 
found  at,  429 

Wilbye,  W.  de,  his  Seal,  449 

Willement,  T.,  ob.  Notice  of,  145 

Wilmington,  Hoard  of  Bronze  Imple- 
ments found  at,  423 

Wiltshire:— Correspondence  on  Survey 
of,  389 

Wimbledon  Camp,  Correspondence  on, 
387 

Winchcombe,  Philip  of,  his  Agreement 
with  John  the  Fletcher,  61 

Windebank,  T.,  Seal  of,  380 

Winmarley,  Five  Socket  Celts  and  two 
Spear-heads  found  at,  423 

Winwick,  Bronze  Tanged  Knife  and 
Stone  Axe,  found  together  in  a  Bar- 
row at,  423 

Wood,  J.  T.,  His  Account  of  Excava- 
tions at  Ephesus,  344 

Wood,  R.  H.,  exh.  Deed  Relating  to 
Land  in  Westminster,  318;  exh. 
early  Deeds  and  Seals,  445 

Wood,  S.,  exh.  Two  Gold  Rings,  66  ; 
contributes  to  Bronze  Exh.,  432 

Woodruff,  C.  H.,  comm.  Account  of 
Celtic  Remains  in  East  Kent,  382  ; 
exh.  chalice-shaped  Glass  Cup  of 
Elizabethan  Period,  442 ;  el.  F.S.A., 
490;  adm.  491 


Woof,  R.,  adm.  F.S  A.  164 

Worcestershire :— Brass  Shield  from 
Wyke,  303 

Wordsworth,  see  Lincoln 

Works,  First  Commissioner  of,  his 
Letter  on  Survey  of  Wiltshire,  380 

Worthy,  C.,  his  Account  of  two  Vases 
found  in  Chancel  Wall  of  Church  at 
Ashburton,  385 

Wyatt,  J.,Comm.  on  Antiquities  at  Hart- 
ford, Hunts.,  33 ;  contributes  to 
Palaeolithic  Exh.,  167 

Wyatt,  M.  D.,  exh.  a  Box  of  *'  Mude>r'" 
work,  89 

Wyke,  Worcestershire,  Brass'  shield 
found  at,  303 

Wylie,  W.  M.,  comm.  Account  of 
Ancient  Interments  at  St.  Ouen, 
160  ;  exh.  and  comm.  a  Paper  on 
Silver  Disc  with  Repousse  Equestrian 
Figure,  223;  exh.  five  Deeds,  236; 
exh.  Drawing  of  an  Archaic  Bronze 
from  the  Lago  di  Fucino,  324  ;  exh. 
Cast  of  a  Gold  Fibula  from  Hanover, 
456 

Wynne,  W.  E.  W.,  contributes  to  the 
Bronze  Exh.,  432 


Yates,  G.  C.,  el.  F.S.A.,  231 

York,  Seal  of  St.  Mary's  Abbey  at, 
158 

Yorkshire : — Romano-Celtic  Sword  from 
Wensleydale,  3 1  ;  Choir  Screen  in 
Wakefield  Church,  149 ;  Seal  of  St. 
Mary's  Abbey,  York,  158;  Rubbings 
of  Painted  Windows  at  Thornhill  and 
Methley,  215  ;  of  Bench-ends  at 
Sandal,  215  ;  of  a  Miserere  at  Wake- 
field,  216;  of  a  Sepulchral  Slab  at 
Campsall,  216;  Bronze  and  Flint 
Implements  from  Butterwick,  426 ; 
ditto  and  a  nodule  of  pyrites  from 
Rudston,  ib. ;  Bronze  Palstaves  and 
Moulds  for  casting  them,  from  Ho- 
tham  Carr,  426;  Stone  "Bracer" 
from  Driffield,  288  ;  Bronze  Imple- 
ments from  ditto,  431  ;  Wooden  Cup 
from  Ripon,  441  ;  Bronze  Implements 
found  with  unburnt  bodies  in  Barrows 
at  Butterwick,  Helderthorpe,  and 
Rudston,  426 


Westminster  :  Printed  by  Nichols  and  Sons,  25,  Parliament  Street. 


DA    Society  of  Antiquaries  of 

20    London 

S64      Proceedings 

2d  ser., 

v.  5 


PLEASE  DO  NOT  REMOVE 
SLIPS  FROM  THIS  POCKET 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO 
LIBRARY 


r 


•r 


I