'- S
DORSET n^TaKflk HISTORY
EDITED BY
W. MILES BARNES.
VOLUME XXVI.
Dorchester :
PRINTED AT THE "DORSET COUNTY CHRONICLE" OFFICE.
190.)
984683
T)A
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Index to Plates and Engravings . . . . . . . . . . iv.
Rules of the Club . . . . . . . . . . . . v.
List of Officers, Honorary Members, and Members . . . . . . ix.
List of New Members elected since the publication of Vol. XXV. . . xxi.
Publications of the Club . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiv.
Societies in Correspondence with the Club .. .. .. .. ,,
THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CLTTB during the Session 1904-1905
First Winter Meeting . . . . . . . . . . xxv.
The Mansel-Pleydell Memorial Fund . . . . . . xxix.
Second Winter Meeting . . . . . . . . . . xxxiv.
A Lunar Halo . . . . . . . . . . . . , ,
Annual General Meeting .. ..< .. .. .. xlii.
MEETING AT BEADFOKD-ON-AVON AND BATH . . . . . . xlviii.
The Saxon Church, Bradford -on -Avon . . . . . . 1.
The Abbey Church, Bath . . . . . . . . . . Iv.
MEETING AT POOLE AND BEOWNSBA ISLAND . . ' . . . . Iviii.
Town Cellars, Poole . . . . . . . . . . . . lix.
Brownsea Island . . . . . . . . . . . . Ixi.
MEETING AT CHESIL BEACH AND FLEET . . . . . . . . Ixiii.
Langtoii Herring Cross . . . . . . . . . . ,,
The Geology of the District . . . . . . . . . . Ixv.
The Tides of the Fleet .. .. .. .. .. Ixviii.
The Montevideo Collections . . . . . . . . . . Ixix.
The Hon. Treasurer's Statement of Receipts and Expenditure . . Ixxiv.
The Hon. Secretary's Account . . . . . . . . . . Ixxv.
Anniversary Address of the President . . . . . . . . Ixxvii.
Liscombe : Its Chapel, Monastic House, and Barn, by the Rev.
Herbert Pentin, M.A., F.S.A. Ed. .. .. .. 1
Barrow-Digging at Martinstown, by H. St. George Gray and Chas. S.
Prideaux . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
On New and Rare British Arachnida, by the Rev. O. Pickard-
Cambridge, M.A., F.R.S. .. .. .. .. 41
Dorset Plants, by the Rev. E. F. Linton, M.A. . . . . . . 75
Returns of Rainfall in Dorset, by H. Stilwell . . . . 88
Church Goods, Dorset, A.D. 1552 (concluded) .. .. .. 102
The Naturalist in Australia, by the Rev. C. W. Dicker, F.R.G.S. . . 160
Notes on the Old Church Bands of the Past Century, by the Rev.
F. W. Galpin, M.A., F.L.S .. 172
The Landslip, Lyme Regis, A Note, by the Rev. H. Shaen Solly, M.A. 182
Brownsea Island, by Charles Van Raalte, F.S.A. . . . . . . 187
Some Milton Antiquities, by the Rev. Herbert Pentin, M.A.,
F.S.A. Ed. .. .. .. .. .. .. 195
The Church Bells of Dorset, Part iii., by the Rev. Canon Raven, D.D.,
F.S.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Poems in the Dorset Dialect, by the late Rev. W. Barnes . . . . 222
Notes on the Flora of the Chesil Bank and the Fleet, by W. Bowles
Barrett.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 251
Report on Observations of the First Appearances of Birds and Insects
and the First Flowering of Plants in Dorset, 1494, by Nelson
M. Richardson, B. A., F.S.A. .. .. .. .. 266
Index to Vol. XXVI., by E. W. Young . . . . . . . . 276
IV.
INDEX TO PLATES & ENGRAVINGS.
PAGE OR TO
FACE PAGE.
LUNAR CROSS SEEN AT CHICXERHLL .. .. .. .. XXXV.
WAYSIDE CROSS, LANGTON HERRING . . . . . . . . Ixiii.
LISCOMBE, GENERAL VIEW . . . . . . . . . . 1
ARCHITECTURAL DETAILS, 6 Engravings . . . . 2, 3, 4
BARROW DIGGING AT MARTINSTOWN
CONTOURED PLAN AND SECTION OF BARROW No. 1 . . 6
PORTIONS OF A WOVEN BAG FOUND IN BARROW 3 . . 29
ii. GENERAL VIEW OF CUTTING THROUGH BARROW 1 . . 32
iii. RELICS UNCONNECTED WITH INTERMENTS FOUND IN
BARROW 1
iv. RELICS CONNECTED WITH INTERMENTS FOUND IN BARROW 1
v. PRIMARY INTERMENT OF THE BRONZE AGE
vi. FLINT IMPLEMENTS AND POTTERY FOUND IN BARROW 2 AND
3
vii. PLAN OF EXCAVATED PORTION OF BARROW 3
viii. LARGE BRITISH URN FOUND IN BARROW 3
ix. PRIMARY INTERMENT OF THE BRONZE AGE FOUND IN
GRAVE, BARROW 3
NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA, 2 Plates with Descriptions . . 42, 44
THE NATURALIST IN AUSTRALIA, 7 Engravings . . . . 161 et seq.
THB SINGERS' GALLERY, PUDDLETOWN CHURCH . . . . . . 172
AFTER PRACTICE, THE SINGERS' GALLERY . . . . . . 180
THE LANDSLIP, LYME REGIS, 4 Engravings . . . . . . 182 et seq.
SOME MILTON ANTIQUITIES, 7 Engravings . . . . . . 196 et seq.
INSCRIPTION ON SHAPWICK TENOR BELL . . . . . . . . 204
PORTRAIT, WILLIAM BARNES . . . . . . . . . . 223
CAME RECTORY, SUMMER, 1882 . . . . . . . . ' . . 224
AUTUMN, 1886 .. .. .. .. .. 226
OLD ENTRANCE 250
RULES
OF
THE DORSET NATURAL HISTORY
AND
ANTIQUARIAN FIELD CLUB.
OBJECT AND CONSTITUTION.
1. The Club shall be called the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian
Field Club, and shall have for a short title The Dorset Field Club.
The object of the Club is to promote and encourage an interest in the study of
the Physical Sciences and Archaeology generally, especially the Natural History of
the County of Dorset and its Antiquities, Prehistoric records, and Ethnology.
It shall use its influence to prevent, as far as possible, the extirpation of rare
plants and animals, and to promote the preservation of the Antiquities of the
County.
2. The Club shall consist of (i.) three Officers, President, Honorary Secretary,
and Honorary Treasurer, who shall be elected annually, and shall form the
Executive body for its management ; (ii.) Vice -Presidents, of whom the
Honorary Secretary and Treasurer shall be two, ex officio ; (iii.) The Honorary
Editor of the Annual Volume of Proceedings ; (iv.) Ordinary Members ; (v.)
Honorary Members. The President, Vice -Presidents, and Editor shall form a
Council to decide questions referred to them by the Executive and to elect
Honorary Members. The Editor shall be nominated by one of the incoming
Executive and elected at the Annual Meeting.
There may also be one or more Honorary Assistant Secretaries, who shall be
nominated by the Honorary Secretary, seconded by the President or Treasurer,
and elected by the Members at the Annual Meeting.
Members may be appointed by the remaining Officers to fill interim vacancies
in the Executive Body until the following Annual Meeting.
PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENTS.
3. The President shall take the chair at all Meetings, and have an original and
a casting vote on all questions before the Meeting. In addition to the two ex
officio Vice -Presidents, at least three others shall be nominated by the President,
or, in his absence, by the Chairman, and elected at the Annual Meeting.
HON. SECEETAET.
4. The Secretary shall perform all the usual secretarial work ; cause a
programme of each Meeting to be sent to every Member seven days at least
VI.
before such Meeting; make all preparations for carrying out meetings and,
with or without the help of a paid Assistant Secretary or others, conduct all
Field Meetings. On any question arising between the Secretary (or Acting
Secretary) and a Member at a Field Meeting, the decision of the Secretary shall
be final.
The Secretary shall receive from each Member his or her share of the day's
expenses, and thereout defray all incidental costs and charges of the Meeting,
rendering an account of the same before the Annual Meeting to the Treasurer ;
any surplus of such collection shall form part of the General Fund, and any
deficit be defrayed out of that Fund.
HON. TBEASTJREB.
5. The Treasurer shall keep an account of Subscriptions and all other moneys
of the Club received and of all Disbursements, rendering at the Annual General
Meeting a balance sheet of the same, as well as a general statement of the Club's
finances. He shall send copies of the Annual Volume of Proceedings for each
year to Ordinary Members who have paid their subscriptions for that year (as
nearly as may be possible, in the order of such payment), to Honorary Members,
and to such Societies and individuals as the Club may, from time to time, appoint
to receive them. He shall also furnish a list at each Annual Meeting, containing
the names of all Members in arrear, with the amount of their indebtedness to the
Club. He shall also give notice of their election to all New Members.
ORDINARY MEMBERS.
6. Ordinary Members are entitled to be present and take part in the Club's
proceedings at all Meetings, and to receive the published "Proceedings"
of the Club, when issued, for the year for which their subscription has been
paid.
7. Every candidate for admission shall be nominated in writing by one
Member and seconded by another, to one of whom at least he must be personally
known. He may be proposed at any Meeting, and shall receive programmes of
Meetings arid exercise all the functions of a Member, except voting and bringing
friends to Meetings. His name shall appear in the programme of the first
following Meeting at which a Ballot is held, when he shall be elected by ballot,
one black ball in six to exclude. Twelve Members shall form a quorum for the
purpose of election. A Ballot shall be held at the Annual and Winter Meetings,
and may be held at any other Meeting, should the Executive so decide, notice
being given in the programme.
8. The Annual Subscription shall be 10s., which shall become due and
payable in advance on the 1st of. January in each year. Subscriptions paid on
election after September in each year shall be considered as subscriptions for the
following year, unless otherwise agreed upon by such Member and the Treasurer.
Every Member shall pay immediately after his election the sum of ten shillings as
Entrance Fee, in addition to his first Annual Subscription.
Vll.
9. No person elected a Member shall be entitled to exercise any privilege as
such until he has paid his Entrance Fee and first Subscription, and no Member
shall be entitled to receive a copy of the " Proceedings" for any year until his
Subscription for that year has been paid.
10. A registered letter shall be sent by the Hon. Treasurer to any Member
whose Subscription is in arrear at the date of any Annual Meeting, demanding
payment within 28 days, failing which he shall cease to be a Member of the Club,
but shall, nevertheless, be liable for the arrears then due.
11. Members desiring to leave the Club shall give notice of the same m
writing to the Treasurer (or Secretary), but, unless such notice is given before the
end of January in any year, they shall be liable to pay the Annual Subscription
due to the Club on and after January 1st in that year.
HONOKAEY MEMBERS.
12. Honorary Members shall consist of persons eminent for scientific or
natural history attainments, and shall be elected by the Council. They pay no
subscription, and have all the privileges of Ordinary Members, except voting. .
MEETINGS.
13. The Annual General Meeting shall be held as near the first week in May
as may be convenient ; to receive the outgoing President's Address (if any) and
the Treasurer's financial report ; to elect the Officers and Editor for the ensuing
year; to determine the number (which shall usually be three or four), dates,
and places of Field Meetings during the ensuing summer, and for general
purposes.
14. Two Winter Meetings shall usually be held in or about the months of
December and February for the exhibition of Objects of Interest (to which not
more than one hour of the time before the reading of the Papers shall be
devoted), for the reading and discussion of Papers, and for general purposes.
The Dates and Places of the Winter and Annual Meetings shall be decided by
the Executive.
15. A Member may bring Friends to the Meetings subject to the following
restrictions : No person (except the husband, wife, or child of a Member), may
attend the Meeting unaccompanied by the Member introducing him, unless such
Member be prevented from attending by illness, and no Member may take with
him to a Field Meeting more than one Friend, whose name and address must be
submitted to the Hon. Secretary and approved by him or the Executive.
The above restrictions do not apply to the Executive or to the Acting Secretary
at the Meeting.
16. Members must give due notice (with prepayment of expenses) to the Hon.
Secretary of their intention to be present, with or without a Friend, at any
Field Meeting, in return for which the Secretary shall send to the Member a card
of admission to the Meeting, to be produced when required. Any Member who,
having given such notice, fails to attend will be liable only for any expenses
Vlll.
actually incurred on his account, and any balance will be returned to him on
application. The sum of Is., or such other amount as the Hon. Secretary may
consider necessary, shall be charged to each person attending a Field Meeting, for
Incidental Expenses.
17. The Executive may at any time call a Special General Meeting of the
Members upon a written requisition (signed by Eight Members) being sent to the
Honorary Secretary. Any proposition to be submitted shall be stated in the
Notice, which shall be sent to each Member of the Club not later than seven days
before the Meeting.
PAPERS.
18. Notice shall be given to the Secretary, a convenient time before each
Meeting, of any motion to be made or any Paper or communication desired to be
read, with its title and a short sketch of its scope or contents. The insertion of
these in the Programme is subject to the consent of the Officers of the Club, or
any two of them.
19. The Publications of the Club shall be in the hands of the Executive, who
shall appoint annually Three or more Ordinary Members to form with them and
the Editor a Publication Committee for the purpose of deciding upon the contents
of the Annual Volume. These contents shall consist of original papers and
communications written for the Club, and either read, or accepted as read, at a
General Meeting ; also of the Secretary's Eeports of Meetings, the Treasurer's
Financial Statement and Balance Sheet, a list to date of all Members of the Club,
and of those elected in the current or previous year, with the names of their
proposers and seconders. The Annual Volume shall be edited by the Editor
subject to the direction of the Publication Committee.
20. Twenty -five copies of his paper shall be presented to each author whose
communication shall appear in the volume as a separate article, on notice being
given by him to the Publisher to that effect.
NEW RULES.
21. No alteration in or addition to these Rules shall be made except with the
consent of a majority of three-fourths of the Members present at the Annual
General Meeting, full notice of the proposed alteration or addition having been
given both in the current Programme and in that of the previous Meeting.
IX.
The Dorset natural History and Antiquarian field Club.
INAUGURATED MARCH 1&th, 1875.
President :
NELSON M. KICHAKDSON, ESQ., B.A.
Vice- Presidents :
THE LOED EUSTACE CECIL, F.R.G.S.
EEV. HEEBEET PENTIN, M.A., F.S.A. Ed. (Hon. Secretary).
CAPTAIN G. E. EL WES, J.P. (Hon. Treasurer}.
EEV. W. MILES BAENES, B.A. (Hon. Editor}:
W. H. HUDLESTON, ESQ., M.A., F.E.S., F.L.S., F.G.S.
EEV. J. C. M. MANSEL-PLEYDELL, M.A.
H. COLLEY MAECH, ESQ., M.D., F.S.A.
EEV. 0. PICKAED-CAMBEIDGE, M.A., F.E.S., F.Z.S.
E. BOSWOETH SMITH, ESQ., M.A.
HON. MOETON G. STUAET-GEAY, M.A., F.S.A. Ed., F.G.S.
Hon. Editor :
Eev. W. MILES BARNES, B.A., Monkton Bectory, Dorchester.
Executive Body :
NELSON M. EICHAEDSON, Esq., B.A. (President).
Eev. HEBBEET PENTIN, M.A., F.S.A. Ed. (Hon. Secretary}, Milton Abbey
Vicarage, Blaiidford.
Captain G. E. ELWES, J.P. (Hun. Treasurer}, Bossiugton, Bournemouth.
Publication Committee :
The EXECUTIVE, The HON. EDITOE, H. B. MIDDLETON, ESQ.,
Dr. COLLEY MAECH, and E. E. SYKES, Esq.
Honorary Members:
W. CAEEUTHEES, Esq., F.E.S., F.G.S., F.L.S., British Museum (Nat. Hist.),
South Kensington.
Eev. OSMOND FISHES, M.A., F.G.S., Harlton Bectory, Cambridge.
A. J. JUKES-BEOWNE, Esq., F.G.S., Floriston, Cleveland Eoad, Torquay.
E. LYDEKKEB, Esq., F.E.S., The Lodge, Harpendeii, Herts.
ALFEED NEWTON, Esq., M.A., F.B.S., Professor of Zoology and Comparative
Anatomy, Magdalen College, Cambridge.
CLEMENT BEID, Esq., F.E.S., 28, Jermyn Street, London, S.W.
A. SMITH-WOODWAED, Esq., F.B.S., F.G.S., British Museum (Nat. Hist.),
South Kensington, London.
Mr. A. M. WALLIS, 29, Mallams, Portland.
Sir WM. THISELTON DYEE, Director of Kew Gardens, London.
Sir FEEDEEICK TBEVES, Bai-t., G.C.V.O., C.B., LL.D., 6, Winipole Street,
Cavendish Square, London, W.
LIST OF MEMBERS
OF THE
porset ^lafuraC ^tsforp & Jlnitquartan
Itar of
Election. ( The initials " O.M." signify " Oi
1902 The Lord Lieut, of Dorset, the
Eight Hon. the Earl of Ilches-
chester
1903 The Most Hon. the Marquis of
Salisbury
1903 The Most Hon. the Marchioness
of Salisbury
1902 The Eight Hon. the Earl of
Shaftesbuiy
o.ar. The Eight Hon. Viscount Port-
man
1884 The Eight Hon. Lord Eustace
Cecil, F.E.G.S. (rice- President)
1903 The Eight Hon. the Lady Eustace
Cecil
1904 The Eight Eeverend the Lord
Bishop of Durham, D.D.
1890 The Eight Eeverend the Lord
Bishop of Salisbury, D.D.
1892 The Eight Eeverend the Lord
Bishop of Worcester, D.D.
1889 The Eight Hon. Lord Digby
1895 The Eight Hon. Lord Walsiiig-
ham,F.E.S.
O.M. The Eight Hon. Lord Stal-
bridge
1903 The Eight Hon. Lord Chelmsford
1893 Acland, Captain John E.
o.sr. Acton, Eev. Edward, B.A.
1905 Aldis, T. S., Esq., M.A.
1899 Aldridge, Mrs. Selina
1889 Allen, George, Esq.
1892 Allhusen, Wilton, Esq.
iijinal Jlemter.")
Melbury House, Evershot
The Manor House, Cranborne
The Manor House, Cranborne
St. Giles, Wimborne
Bryanston, Blaudford
Lytchett Heath, Poole
Lytchett Heath, Poole
Auckland Castle, Bishop's Auckland
The Palace, Salisbury
Hartlebury Castle, Kidderminster
Minterne, Dorchester
Merton Hall, Thetford, Xorfolk
Motcombe House, Shaftesbuiy
Governor's House, Brisbane, Queens-
land, Australia
Wollaston House, Dorchester
Iwenie Minister Vicarage, Blandford
Bowhayes, Bothenhamptou, Bridport
Shirley, Dorchester Eoad, Weymouth
Strangways, Marnhull, Blaudford
Clevelauds, Lyme Eegis
1902 Baker, Sir E. Raudolf, Bart.
1892 Baker, E. Whitley, Esq.
1887 Bankes, W. Albert, Esq.
1884 Bankes, Eustace Ralph, Esq.
1887 Bankes, Kev. Canon, M.A.
1902 Barkworth, Edmund, Esq.
1904 Barlow, Major C. M.
1894 Barnes, Mrs. John lies
1889 Barnes, Rev. W. M., B.A., R.D.
(Vice - President and Hon.
Editor)
1903 Barnes, F. J., Esq.
1903 Barnes, Mrs. F. J.
1884 Barrett, W. Bowles, Esq.
1895 Bartelot, Rev. R. G., M.A.
1886 Baskett, Rev. C. R.
1893 Baskett, S. R., Esq.
1904 Baskett, Mrs. S. R.
1889 Batten, H. B., Esq.
1888 Beckford, F. J., Esq.
O.JI. Bond, N., Esq.
1903 Bond, Gerald Denis, Esq.
1893 Bond, Wm. H., Esq.
1903 Bond, Wm. Ralph G., Esq.
1894 Bonsor, Geo., Esq.
1903 Butler-Bowdon, Bruno, Esq.
1903 Butler-Bowdon, Mrs. Bruno
1889 Bower, H. Syiidercombe, Esq.
1900 Bower, Rev. Charles H. S., M.A.
1900 Bowker, James, Esq.
1903 Bramble, Lieut. -Colonel James
Roger, F.S.A.
1898 Brandreth, Rev. F. W., M.A.
1901 Brennand, John, Esq.
1885 Brennand, W. E., Esq.
1905 Bromley, Miss
1898 Brown, J., Esq.
1900 Brown, Miss
1891 Browning, Benjamin, Esq., M.D.,
Staff-Surgeon R.N., Fellow of
the Sanitary Institute of Great
Britain
XI.
Ranston, Blaiidford
Glencairn, Wimborne
Wolfeton House, Dorchester
Norden House, Corfe Castle, Wareham
The Close, Salisbury
South House, Piddletrenthide
Southcot, Channiiister
Summerhayes, Blaiidford
Monkton Rectory, Dorchester
Rodwell, Weymouth
Rod well, Weymouth
Weymouth
Church House, Salisbury
Bristwith Vicarage, Ripley, Leeds
Evershot
Evershot
Aldon, Yeovil
Witley, Parkstone
Holme, Wareham
Holme, Wareham
Tyneham, Wareham
Tyneham, Waredam
The Gables, Spetisbury
Upwey House, Upwey
Upwey House, Upwey
Fontmell Parva, Shillingstone, Bland -
ford
Hinton St. Mary, Sturminster Newton,
Dorset
101, Lansdowne Place, Hove, Brighton
Seafield, Weston- super -Mare
Buckland Newton, Dorchester
Belmont, Parkstone
Blandford
Stinsford Vicarage, Dorchester
Maiden Newton
Belle Vue, Shaftesbury
Bec-cn-Hent, Yetminstcr, Sherbonic
Xll.
1904 Bruce, Rev. A. R. Turing
1895 Brymer, Rev. J. G., M.A.
1900 Bulleu, Colonel John Bullen
Symes
1894 Burt, Miss Emma
1897 Busk, W., Esq., A.R.C.A.
1905 Busk, W., Esq.
1905 Busk, Mrs. W.
1901 Bussell, Miss Katherine
1903 Buttery, Miss E. M. E.
1891 Carter, William, Esq.
1904 Cartwright, Rev. G. F., M.A.
1893 Chadwick, Mrs.
1903 Champ, A., Esq.
1905 Chater, F. T., Esq., B.A.
1904 Christie, D., Esq.
1883 Chudleigh, Rev. R. Augustine,
M.A.
1897 Chudleigh, Mrs.
1901 Chudleigh, Miss W. M.
189 1 Church, Colonel Arthur
1904 Clapcott, Miss
1892 Clarence, Lovell Burchett, Esq.
1895 Clarke, R. Stanley, Esq.
1883 Colfox, Miss A. L.
1878 Colfox, T. A., Esq.
O.M. Colfox, W., Esq., B.A.
1903 Collins, Wm. Wiehe, Esq., R.I.
1905 Collins, Stephen, Esq., L.C.C.
1904 Coney, Major Wm. Bickuell
1902 Cornish, Rev. W. F., M.A.
1903 Cornish-Browne, C. J., Esq.
1891 Cother, Rev. P. L., M.A.
1900 Cox, Henry, Esq., F.S.A.,
F.R.G.S., M.J.S.
1931 Crallan, G. J., Esq., M.B.
1905 Cree, Cecil, Esq.
1886 Crespi, A. J. H., Esq., B.A.,
M.R.C.P.
1S79 Crickmay, G. R., Esq., F.R.I.B. A.
1881 Cross, Rev. James, M.A.
62, Abbotsbury Road, Westham, Wey-
mouth
Childe Okeford Rectory, Blaudford
Catherston Leweston, near Charmouth
Purbeck House, Swanage
West Walks, Dorchester
Wraxall, Maiden Newton, Dorchester
Wraxall, Maiden Newton, Dorchester
Thonieloe, Bridport
Lodmoor House, Weymouth
The Hermitage, Parkstone
Woolland, Blaiidford
Chetnole, Sherborne
Bradpole Road, Bridport
Okeford Fitzpaiue, Blaiidford
Southdown Lodge, Preston, Weymouth
West Parley Rectory, Wimborne
West Parley Rectory, Wimborne
West Parley Rectory, Winiborne
St. Alban's, Rodwell, Weymouth
Linden Avenue, Dorchester
Coaxden, Axmiuster
Rotherhill, Steadham, Midhurst, Sussex
Westmead, Bridport
Coneygar, Bridport
Westmead, Bridport
West Holme Lodge, Wareham
Harborne, St. Ann's Hill, Wands-
worth, S.W.
Martiustown, Dorchester
Steepletou Rectory, Dorchester
Came House, Dorchester
1, Clearmount, Weymouth
Radipole Manor, near Weymouth
Bodorgan Manor, Bournemouth
Owermoigne Court, Dorchester
Winiborne
Weymouth
Baillie House, Stumiiiister Marshall,
Winiborne
Xlll.
1890 Cull, James, Esq.
1885 Curme, Decimus, Esq., M.E.C.S.
1896 Curtis, C. H., Esq.
1897 Curtis, Wilfred Parkinson, Esq.
1903 Dacombe, J. M. J., Esq.
O.M. Dale, C. W., Esq.
1905 Danneman, Kev. A. F. J., M.A.
1902 Darell, D., Esq., F.G.S., F.L.S.,
F.Z.S.
1893 Dausey, Miss S. J. T.
1904 Davies, Eev. Canon S. E., M.A.
1894 Davis, Geo., Esq.
1904 Deane, Mrs. A. M.
1904 Dicker, Rev. C. W. H., F.R.G.S.
1903 Digby, Captain H. Montague
1904 Donald, W. P., Esq.
1904 Drake, Rev. Herbert, B.A.
1900 Du Boulay, Mrs.
1905 Duke, Henry, Esq.
1905 Duke, Mrs. Henry
1896 Dundas, Ven. Archdeacon, M.A.
1904 Dugdale, J. B., Esq.
1891 Eaton, Henry S., Esq.
1897 Edwards, Miss Sarah Powell
1885 Elwes, Captain G. R. (Vicc-
Prc.tirfcnt and Hon. Treasurer)
1905 Evans, Miss Isabel Warwick
1905 Evans, Miss Annie Elizabeth
1886 Falkner, C.G., Esq., M.A.
1884 Farley, Rev. H., M.A.
1903 Farrer, Colonel Philip
1905 Feacey, Jem, Esq.
1900 Ferguson, Colonel C. J. O'Neill
1904 Ffooks, Mrs. E. Archdall
1904 Fielding, Thos., Esq., M.D.
1903 Figgis, Rev. J. N., M.A.
1892 Filleul, Rev. S. E. V., M.A.
1889 Filliter, George Clavell, Esq.
1896 Filliter, Rev. W. D., M.A.
1901 Fisher, Mrs. J. F.
47, Phillimore Gardens, Campdeu Hill,
London, W.
Childe Okeford, Blandford
Blandford
Aysgarth, Parkstone Road, Poole
27, Holdenhurst Road, Bournemouth
Glanvilles Wootton, Sherbome
Broadway
Ford Hill, Townstal, Dartmouth,
Devon
Lindisfarne, Weymouth
Wyke Regis Rectory, Weymouth
Prince of Wales' Road, Dorchester
Clay Hill House, near Gilliugham
Charminster, Dorchester
Chalmington House, Cattistock, Dor-
chester
County Education Office, Dorchester
Worth Matravers, Wareham
2, Royal Terrace. Weymouth
Clandon, Dorchester
Clandon, Dorchester
Charminster Vicarage, Dorchester
Sandford, Wareham
The National Club, 1, Whitehall
Gardens, London, S.W.
11, Greeiihill, Weymouth
Bossington, Bournemouth
Clandon, Dorchester
Clandon, Dorchester
Iretoii Bank, Rusholme, Manchester
Lytchett Minster, Poole
Bimiegar Hall, Wareham
Dorchester
The Dinedors, Spa Road, Weymouth
Sherbome
Milton Abbas, Blandford
Marnhull Rectory, Blandford
All Saints' Rectory, Dorchester
St. Martin's House, Wareham
East Ltilworth Vicarage, Wareham
Vines Close, Wimborne
XIV.
1890 Fletcher, W. H. B., Esq.
1878 Fletcher, W. J., Esq., F.R.I.B.A.
1885 Floyer, G. W., Esq., B.A.
1895 Forbes, Mrs.
189" Forde, Henry, Esq.
1893 Forrester, Hugh Carl, Esq., B.A.
1893 Forrester, Mrs.
190") Forrester, Miss S. Blanche J.
1878 Freame, R., Esq.
189.5 Fry, Edward Alexander, Esq.
1903 Fry, George S., Esq.
1898 Fullaway, Mrs.
O.M. Fyler, Captain J. W. T.
1892 Gallwey, Captain E. Payne
O.M. Galpin, G., Esq.
1896 George, C. E. A., Esq.
1896 George, Mrs.
1904 Glover, Rev. J. R.
1890 Glyn. Captain Carr Stuart
1898 Glyn, Lieut. -General J. P. Carr
O.M. Glyn, Sir R. G., Bart.
1895 Godman. F. du Cane, Esq., F.R.S.
1903 Gordon, George H., Esq.
1883 Gorringe, Rev. P. R., M.A.
1903 Gorringe, Mrs. P. R.
1888 Greves, Hyla, Esq., M.D.
1888 Griffin, F.C.G., Esq., M.A..M.B
1904 Groves, Herbert J., Esq.
1896 Haggard, Rev. H. A., M.A.
1893 Hall, Chas. Lillington, Esq.
1903 Hambro, Everard A., Esq.
1900 Hambro, C. Eric, Esq., M.P.
1893 Hankey, Rev. Canon, M.A., R.D.
1886 Hansford, Charles, Esq.
1901 Hardwick, Stewart, Esq.
1890 Harrison, Rev. F. T., M.A.
1897 Harston, Comdr. F. A. (late R. X.)
Aldwick Manor, Bognor, Sussex
The Chantry, Wimborne
West Stafford, Dorchester
Shillingstone, Blandford
Luscombe, Parkstone
St. John's Cottage, Shaftesbury
Bryanston, Blaudford
Bryanston, Blandford
The Chantry, Gillingham
11, The Hawthorns, Regent's Park
Road, Church End, Finchley
11, The Hawthorns, Regent's Park
Road, Church End, Finchley
Sturminster Newton
Hethfelton, Wareham
Beacon Hill, Weymouth
Clarendon Court, Clarendon, Road
Bournemouth
Fleet House, near Weymouth
Fleet House, near Weymouth
Winterbonie Clenstoue Rector}-,
Blandford
Wood Leaze, Wimborne
Uddens, Wimborne
Gaunts House, Wimborne
South Lodge, Lower Seeding, Horsham
North Cheriton, Templecombe, Somer-
set
Manston Rectory, Blandford
Manston Rectory, Blandford
Rodney House, Bournemouth
12, Royal Terrace, Weymouth
Clifton, Weymouth
Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire
Osmington Lodge, Osmington, Wey-
mouth
Milton Abbey, Dorset
70, Prince's Gate, London, S.W.
Maiden Newton Rectory, Dorchester
Dorchester
21, Commercial Road, Bournemouth
Burton Bradstock Rectory, Bridport
Newlands, Gleudmuing Avenue, Wey-
mouth
1896 Hart -Dyke, Rev. Canon P., M.A.
1900 Hasluck, Rev. Ernest, M.A.
1898 Hassell, Miss
1894 Hawkins, W., Esq., M.E.C.S.
1903 Hawkins, Mrs. H.
1903 Hawkins, Miss Isabel
1893 Hayne, R., Esq.
1889 Head, J. Merrick, Esq., M.R.I.A.,
F.R.G.S., F.P.S.
1905 Heath, F. R., Esq.
1905 Heath, Sidney H. S., Esq.
1903 Heathcote, Colonel Gilbert
1899 Heimiiig, Mrs.
1901 Hill, R. E., Esq.
1902 Hine, R., Esq.
1885 Hogg, B. A., Esq.
1902 Homer, Miss E. C. Wood
1883 Howard, Sir R. N.
1897 Hudleston, W. H., Esq., M.A.,
F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S. (Vice-
President)
1888 Huntley, H. E., Esq.
1893 Hurdle, H. A., Esq., A.R.A.M.
1894 Hussey, Rev. J., M.A.
1903 Jenkins, Rev. T. Leonard, M.A.
1904 Jones, Rev. J. F., M.A.
1893 Kerr, E. W., Esq., M.D.
1899 Kettlewell, Geo. Douglas, Esq.
1895 Lafontaine, A. C. de, Esq.,
F.S.A.
1904 Lamb, F. W. J. A., Esq., M.D.,
D.P.H.
1902 Langdon, Miss M.
1901 Langford, Rev. Canon, M.A.
1883 Leach, J. Comyns, Esq., M.D.
1901 Lee, W. H. Markham, Esq.,
I.S.M.
1900 Legge, Miss Jane
1899 Le Jeune, H., Esq.
1900 Leslie, Rev. E. C., M.A.
1902 Lewis, Rev. A., M.A.
1894 Linklater, Rev. Robert, D.D.
Lullingstone, Wimbome
Handley Vicarage, Salisbury
"Westfield Lodge, Parkstone
Broadway, Dorchester
Rew House, Martinstown, Dorchester
Wyke, Sherbonie
Fordington House, Dorchester
Pennsylvania Castle, Portland
The Woodlands, Weymouth
The Woodlands, Weymouth
East Lulworth, Wareham
Frome, Dorchester
Long Lynch, Childe Okeford, Shilling -
stone
Beaminster
Dorchester
Bardolf Manor, Puddletown
Weymouth
West Holme, Wareham
Charltoii House, Blandford
2, Frederick Place, Weymouth
Pimpenie Rectory, Blandford
Leigh Vicarage, Sherbome
Osmington Vicarage, Weymouth
South Street, Dorchester
Capstone Lodge, Ilfracombe, Devon
Athelhampton, Dorchester
Cornwall Road, Dorchester
Parrock's Lodge, Chard
Belle Vue, Higher Hove, Plymouth
The Lindens, Stunninster Newton,
Blandford
Wyke Regis, Weymouth
Allington Villa, Bridport
St. Ives, Upper Parkstone, Dorset
Came Rectory, Dorchester
Littlebredy, Dorchester
Stroud Green Vicarage, London, N.
XVI.
1890 Lister, Arthur, Esq., F.R.S.,
F.L.S.
1890 Lister, Miss Gulielma
1902 Littledale, T. A. R., Esq.
1900 Lock, Mrs. A. H.
1892 Lock, B. F., Esq.
1893 Lock, Miss Mary C.
1905 Lush, Mrs. W. Vawdrey
1901 Lys, F. D., Esq., M.R.C.S.,
L.R.C.P.
1888 Macdonald, P. W., Esq., M.D.
1902 Mainwaring, Lieut. - Colonel
F. G. L.
1890 Manger, A. T., Esq.
1894 Maiisel-Pleydell, Mrs.
1899 Maiisel-Pleydell, Rev. J. C. M.,
M.A., R.D. (Vice- President)
1896 March, H. Colley, Esq., M.D.,
F.S.A., M.R.S.A.I., F.A.I.
( Vice-President)
1883 Marriott, Sir W. Smith, Bart.
1904 Marsh, J. L., Esq.
1897 Martin, Miss Eileen
1885 Mate, William, Esq., F.R. Hist.
Soc.
1901 Maude, W., Esq., B.C.L.
1879 Mauiisell, Rev. F. W., M.A.
O.M. Mayo, Rev. Canon, M.A., R.D.
1902 Mayo, Miss B.
1904 Mears, Mrs.
o.M. Middleton, H. B., Esq.
1900 Middleton, Miss L. M.
1890 Milne, Rev. Percy H., M.A.
O.M. Moorhead, J., Esq., M.A., M.D.
1905 Morgan, Mrs.
1895 Morrice, G. G., Esq., M.A.,
M.D.
1897 Moullin, Arthur D., Esq.
1904 Newman, Rev. W. A., B.A.
1905 Nicholson, Captajii Hugh
18SG Okedeu, Colonel U. E. Parry
High Cliffe, Lyme Regis
High Cliffe, Lyme Regis
11, Greenhill, Weymouth
53, High West Street, Dorchester
11. New Square, Lincoln's Inn, London
53, High West Street, Dorchester
12, Frederick Place, Weymouth
Highclere, Rodwell, Weymouth
County Asylum, Dorchester
Wabey House, Upwey
Stock Hill, Gilliugham
Lougthorus, Blaudford
Sturmins'ter Newton Vicarage, Bland -
ford
Portesham, Dorchester
The Down House, Blaudford
White Cliff Mill Street, Blandford
4, Greenhill, Weymouth
Homehurst, Westboume, Bourne-
mouth
Brackenwood, Bournemouth
Symondsbury Rectory, Bridport
Long Burton Vicarage, Sherbonie
Friar Waddoii, Dorchester
Milton Abbas Grammar School, Bland-
ford
Bradford Peverell, Dorchester
Lulworth, Wareham
Evershot Rectory, Dorchester
1, Royal Terrace, Weymouth
Haselbury Bryan Rectory, Blaudford
17, Royal Terrace, Weymouth
Fermain, Cranbourne Road, Swanage
Winterborne Kingston, Wareham
Thornford Rectory, Sherbonie
Turuworth, Bluiidibrd
XVII.
1904 Oliver, Weston, Esq., M.A.
1904 Palmes, Captain Gerald
1896 Pass, Alfred C., Esq.
1890 Patey, Miss
1893 Payne, Miss Eleanor
1894 Payne, Miss Florence 0.
1897 Pearson, W. E., Esq.
1901 Peck, Gerald R., Esq.
1878 Penny, Rev. J., M.A.
1901 Pentin, Rev. Herbert M.A.,
F.S.A. Ed. (Vice -President and
Hon. Secretary)
1893 Perkins, Rev. T., M.A., F.R.A.S.
1894 Peto, Sir Henry, Bart.
1896 Phillips, Mrs.
1889 Philpot, J. E. D., Esq.
1898 Pickard-Cambridge, A. W., Esq.
M.A.
O.M. Pickard - Cambridge, Rev. O.,
M.A., F.R.S. (Vice-President)
1886 Pike, T. M., Esq.
1903 Pike, LeonardG., Esq.
19^4 Pinney, Geo. F., Esq.
1903 Pitt-Rivers, A. L. Fox, Esq.,
F.S.A.
1905 Pitt-Rivers, Mrs. A. L. Fox
1904 Plowman, Rev. L. S.
1896 Pond, S., Esq.
1894 Ponting, Chas. E., Esq., F.S.A.
O.M. Pope, Alfred, Esq.
1902 Pope, Miss Violet
1905 Pope, Miss Hilda
1900 Pope, George, Esq.
1896 Prideaux, C. S., Esq., L.D.S.
1900 Prideaux, W. de C., Esq., L.D.S.
1905 Pringle, Henry T., Esq., M.D.
1905 Pringle, Mrs. Henry T.
188S Pye, William, Esq.
1888 Radclyffe, Eustace, Esq.
1902 Rails, James, Esq.
1905 Ramsden, Mrs.
Castle House, Weymouth
Bere Regis, Wareham
Manor House, Wootton Fitzpaine,
Charmouth
Holmlea, Lincoln
13, Greenhill, Weymouth
Rydal, Wimborne
4, Westerhall Villas, Weymouth
Sandacres, Parkstone
Tan-ant Rushton Rectory, Blandford
Milton Abbey Vicarage, Blandford
Turnworth Rectory, Blandford
Chedington Court, Misterton, Crew-
kenie
Okeford Fitzpaine, Blandford
Holme Cleve, Lyme Regis
22, St. Margaret's Road, Oxford
Bloxworth Rectory, Wareham
c/o Mr. J. Pope, Wilts and Dorset
Bank, Wareham
Kingbarrow, Wareham
Brooklands, Beaminster
Hinton St. Mary, Blandford
Hinton St. Mary, Blandford
Ibberton Rectory, Blandford
Blandford
Wye House, Marlborough
South Court. Dorchester
South Court, Dorchester
South Court, Dorchester
Weston Hall, Bournemouth
32, High West Street, Dorchester
32, High West Street, Dorchester
Ferndown, Wimborne
Femdown
Dunmore, Rodwell, Weymouth
Hyde, Wareham
Bridport
Great Bidlake, Bridestow, X. Devon
XV111.
o.M. Ravenhill, Rev. Canon, M.A., R.D
1905 Raymond, F., Esq.
1899 Reeve, Mrs. Henry
1899 Rendell, W. F., Esq.
1886 Reynolds, Mrs. Arthur
1904 Rhydderch, Rev. W.
1887 Richardson, N. M., Esq., B.A.
(Preside tit)
1889 Ridley, Rev. O.M., M.A.
1901 Ridley, Rev. J.
1894 Rixon, W. A., Esq.
1890 Robinson, Sir Charles, F.S.A.
1898 Robinson, Vincent, Esq., C.I.E.,
F.S.A.
1886 Rodd, Edward Stanhope, Esq.
1889 Russell, Colonel C. J., R.E.
1905 Saunt, Miss
1905 Saunt Miss B. V.
1889 Schuster, Rev. W. P., M.A.
1904 Seaman, Rev. C. E., M.A.
1883 Searle, Alan, Esq.
1902 Sells, Rev. Alfred, M.A.
1903 Sewell, R. B. Seymour, Esq.,
B.A., F.A.I.
1896 Shepheard, Thomas, Esq.,
F.R.M.S.
1903 Shepherd, Rev. C. S., F.C.S.
1903 Sheridan, Mrs. A. T. Brinsley
1884 Sherren, J. A., Esq., F.R. Hist. S.
1905 Sherren, Wilkinson, Esq.
1897 Simpson, Jas., Esq.
1S95 Simpson, Miss
1898 Slater, Robert, Esq., F.G.S.
1899 Smith, Howard Lyon, Esq.,
L.R.C.P.
1902 Smith, R. Bosworth, Esq., M.A.
( Vice- President)
1894 Snook, S. P., Esq., M.R.C.S.,
L.R.C.P.
1905 Smith, Rev. E. Heriz, M.A.
Buckland Newton Vicarage, Dor-
chester
Garry o wen, Dorchester
62, Rutland Gate, London, W.
Hallow Dene, Parkstone
Westlaud, Bridport
Owermoigne Rectory, Dorchester
Montevideo, Chickerell, near Wey-
mouth
East Hill, Charminster, Dorchester
The Rectory, Pulham, Dorchester
Alfoxton Park, Holford, Bridgwater
Newton Manor, Swanage
Paniham, Beaminster
Chardstock House, Chard
Clavinia, Weymouth
Buxton, Rodwell, Weymouth
Buxton, Rodwell, Weymoutli
The Vicarage, West Lulworth
Stalbridge Rectory, Blandford
Wilts and Dorset Banking Company,
Southampton
Bodorgan Manor, Bournemouth
Christ's College, Cambridge
Kingsley, Bournemouth West
Worth Matravers Vicarage, Wareham
Frampton Court, Dorchester
Helmsley, Weymouth
Helmsley, Weymouth
Minterne Grange, Parkstone
1'2, Greenhill, Weymouth
Waverley, Swanage
Buckland House, Buckland Newton,
Dorchester
Bingham's Melcombe, Dorchester
20, Trinity Road, Weymouth
Tarraut Hiuton Rectory, Blandford
XIX.
1888 Solly, Rev. H. S., M.A.
1901 Sotheby, Eev. W. E. H., M.A.,
E.D.
1896 Sowter, Eev. Canon F. B., M.A.
1900 Stephens, W. L., Esq.
1905 Stephens, J. Thompson, Esq.
1903 Stilwell, H., Esq.
1900 Storer, Colonel, late E.E.
1900 Stopford, Admiral
1883 Stroud, Eev. J., M.A.
1895 Stuart-Gray, Hon. M. G., M.A.,
F.S.A. Ed., F.G.S. (Vice-
President)
1895 Sturdy, Leonard, Esq.
1896 Sturdy, Philip, Esq.
1902 Sturdy, Miss V.
1898 Sturt, W. Neville, Esq.
1902 Sumner, Heywood, Esq.
1898 Suttill, H. S., Esq.
1896 Swift, B. Eyle, Esq., M.A.
1885 Sydenham, David, Esq.
1893 Sykes, E. E., Esq., B.A., F.Z.S.
1889 Symes, G. P., Esq., M.A., B.C.L.
1904 Symonds, Arthur G., Esq.
1904 Symonds, Henry, Esq.
1897 Taylor, J. Herbert, Esq.
1901 Telfordsmith, Telford, Esq.,
M.A., M.D.
O.M. Thompson, Eev. G., M.A.
1898 Troy te -Bullock, Mrs.
1905 Truell, Mrs.
1886 Turner, W., Esq.
O.M. Udal, J. S., Esq., F.S.A.
1897 Usher, Eev. E., M.A., F.L.S.
1890 Usherwood, Eev. Canon, M.A.
1903 Usherwood, Miss E. L.
1905 Van Eaalte, Chas., Esq., F.S.A.
1887 Walker, Eev. S. A., M.A.
Bridport
Bere Eegis Vicarage, "VVareham
Berghmote, Wimborne
West Bay, Bridport
Wanderwell, Bridport
Steepleton Manor, Dorchester
Keavil, Bournemouth
Shroton House, Blaiidford
Lillesden, Broadstone
Gray House, Dundee, N.B.
Trigon, Wareham
The Wick, Branksome, near Bourne-
mouth
The Wick, Branksome, near Bourne-
mouth
Baytree Farm, Great Horkesley, Col-
chester
Cuckoo Hill, South Gorley, Fording -
bridge, Hants
Pymore, Bridport
Holly Bank, Dorchester
Bournemouth
3, Gray's Inn Place, Gray's Inn,
London, W.C.
Monksdene, Weymouth
South Street, Dorchester
30, Bolton Gardens, London, S.W.
Grayrigg, Parkstone
Eomansleigh, Wimborne
Highbury, Bodorgan Eoad, Bourne-
mouth
Silton Lodge, Zeals, Bath
Onslow, Wimbome
42, High Street, Poole
Antigua, Leeward Islands, West Indies
West Knoyle Eectory, Bath
Coombe Keynes, Wareham
Coombe Keynes, Wareham
Brownsea Island, Dorset
Spetisbury Eectoiy, Blandford
XX.
1885 Ward, Rev. J. H., M.A.
1905 Ward, Samuel, Esq.
O.M. Warre, Rev. Canon F., M.A.
1904 Warry, Mrs. King
1904 Warry, Wm., Esq.
O.M. Watts, Rev. Canon, M.A.
1905 Watts, Miss
1898 Waugh, Rev. W. R., F.R.A.S.
1903 Weatherby, Miss Katherine
1893 Weaver, Rev. F. W.,M.A.,F.S.A.
1896 Webb, E. Doran, Esq., F.S.A.
1904 Westcott, Rev. Canon F. B., M.A.
1895 Whitby, Joseph, Esq.
1905 Whitby, Miss Mar j one
1904 Wildman, W. B., Esq., M.A.
1900 Wilkinson, Rev. J. H., M.A.
1903 Wilkinson, Percy, Esq.
1892 Williams, E. W., Esq., B.A.
1903 Williams, Captain Berkeley C. W.
1897 Williams, Miss
1884 Williams, Robert, Esq., M.P.
1884 Williams, Mrs. Robert
1905 Williams, Mrs. M. Scott
1905 Wills, A. W., Esq., M.P.
1898 Woodhouse, Miss
1903 Woodhouse, Miss Ellen E.
1898 Workman, J. Reece, Esq., C.E.
1904 Wright, W. Southey, Esq., B.A.,
M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.
1902 Wright, Rev. Herbert L., B.A.
1904 Yates, Robert, Esq.
1896 Yeatman, Mrs.
1901 Yeatman, Miss E. F.
1893 Young, E. W., Esq.
Silverton Rectory, near Exeter
R, Greenhill, Weymouth
Bemerton, Salisbury
39, Filey Avenue, Clapton Common,
London, N.
Westrow, Holwell, Sherborne
Bemertou, Salisbury
Bemerton, Salisbury
Rossi yn Villa, Spring Gardens, Portland
Frome St. Quinton House, Cattistock
Milton Vicarage, Evercreech, Somerset
Gaston, Tisbury, Wilts
The School House, Sherborne
Preston, Yeovil
Preston, Yeovil
The Abbey House, Sherborne
Melcombe Biiigham Rectory, Dor-
chester
Sturminster Newton
Herringston, Dorchester
Herringston, Dorchester
Eastwell, Pottenie, Devizes, Wilts
Bridehead, Dorchester
Bridehead, Dorchester
Woolland House, Blandford
3, Hyde Park Gate, London, S.W.
Chilmore, Ansty, Dorchester
Chilmore, Ansty, Dorchester
Catherington, Milbrook, Southampton
Wool, Wareham
Church Knowle Rectory, Corfe Castle
Milton Abbas, Blandford
114, Denbigh Street, London, S.W.
King's Stagg, Sturminster Newton
Dorchester
The above list includes the New Members elected up to
December 1st, 1905.
Any omissions or errors should be notified to the Hon. Secretary.
XXI.
ELECTED SINCE THE PUBLICATION OF THE LIST CONTAINED
IN VOL. XXV.
PROPOSED SEPT. 13TH, 1904; ELECTED DEC. 13TH, 1904.
Member. Proposer. Seconder.
H. J. Groves, Esq., of Clifton, The Hon. Secretary A. Pope, Esq.
Weymouth
The Rev. W. A. Newman, B.A., of K. Bosworth Smith, The Hon. Secretary
Winterborne Kingston, Ware- Esq.
ham
Captain Gerald Palmes, of Bere The Eev. W. E. H. E. Bosworth Smith,
Regis, Wareham Sotheby Esq.
The Rev. C. E. Seaman, M.A., of Canon H.E. Raven- Canon C. H. Mayo
Stalbridge Rectory, Dorset hill
Henry Symonds, Esq., of 30, Hon. J. S. Udal The Rev. W. Miles
Bolton Gardens, S.W. Barnes
Mrs. King Warry, of 39, Filey The Hon. Secretary The Rev. W. Rhyd-
Avenue, Clapton Common, N. derch
PEOPOSED DEC. 19m, 1904 ; ELECTED FEB. 21ST, 1905.
Member. Proposer. ^ Seconder.
T. S. Aldis, Esq., M.A., of Bow- Mrs. F. Reynolds W. L. Stephens, Esq.
hayes,Bothenhampton, Bridport
Miss Bromley, of Stiusford Vicar- Rev. S. E. V. Filleul Rev.W. E. H. Sotheby
age, Dorchester
F. T. Chater, Esq., B.A., of Rev. L. S. Plowman The Hon. Secretary
Ibberton, Blandford
Mrs. Mears, of Milton Abbas Mrs. Barnes ,,
Grammar School, Blandford
Capt. Hugh Nicholson, of Thorn- G. R. Crickmay, A. Pope, Esq.
ford Rectory, Sherborne Esq.
Miss Saunt, of Buxton, Rodwell, Miss E. Simpson W. E. Pearson, Esq.
Weymouth
Miss B. V. Saunt, of Buxton, ,, ,,
Rodwell, Weymouth
Mrs. Truell, of Onslow, Wimborne N. Bond, Esq. G. D. Bond, Esq.
C. Van Raalte, Esq., F.S.A., of ,, The Hon. Secretary
Brownsea Island, Dorset
Samuel Ward, Esq., of Ingleton, The President W. E. Pearson, Esq.
Greenhill, Weymouth
XX11.
PROPOSED FEB. 21sr, 190-5 ; ELECTED MAT QTH, 1905.
Member. Proposer. Seconder.
The Worshipful Chancellor C. E. The Hon. Secretary The Rev. W. Miles
H. Chadwyck-Healey, K.C., Barnes
F.S.A., of 119, Harley-street,
London, W.
Henry Duke, Esq., of Clandon, The Rev. J. C. M. Mrs. Mansel-Pleydell
Dorchester Mansel-Pleydell
Mrs. Henry Duke, of Clandon ,. ,,
Miss I. W. Evans, of Clandon ,, ,,
Miss A. E. Evans, of Clandon ,,
Miss S. B. J. Forrester, of Bryan- G. Galpin, Esq. D. Curme, Esq.
ston, Blandford
C. Eric Hambro, Esq., M.P., The Hon. Secretary Dr. T, Fielding
of 70, Prince's Gate, London,
S.W.
Miss Hilda Pope, of South Court, The President A. Pope, Esq.
Dorchester
H. T. Pringle, Esq., M.D., of Dr. T. Telfordsmith W. J. Fletcher, Esq.
Ferndown, Wimborne
Mrs. H. T. Priugle, of Ferndown
Mrs. Ramsden, of Bidelake, The Rev. W. F. G. Galpin, Esq.
Bridestow, X. Devon Cornish
F. Raymond, Esq., of Garryo wen, C. S. Prideaux, Esq. W. de C. Prideaux,
Dorchester Esq.
Wilkinson Sherren, Esq., of The Hon. Secretary C. S. Prideaux, Esq.
Helmsley, Weymouth
A. W. Wills, Esq., M.P., of 3, R. Bosworth Smith, Dr. T. Fielding
Hyde Park Gate, London, S.W. Esq.
PEOPOSED MAY OTH AND JULY 4iH, 1905; ELECTED Aua. STH, 1905.
Member. Proposer. Seconder.
W. Busk, Esq., of Wraxall, T. A. Coif ox, Esq. Canon M. Hankey
Maiden Xewton
Mrs. W. Busk, of Wraxall
Cecil Cree, Esq., of Owermoigne Rev. W. Rhydderch Captain J. E. Acland
Court, Dorchester
F. R. Heath, Esq., of The Wood- R. Bosworth Smith, E. W. Young, Esq.
lands, Weymouth Esq.
Sidney H. S. Heath, Esq., of The Dr. H. Colley March J. A. Sherren, Esq.
Woodlands, Weymouth
XX111.
Mrs. Morgan, of Haselbury Bryan Rev. G. F. Cart-
Rectory, Blandford wright
The Rev. E. J. Heriz Smith, M. A.,
of Tarrant Hinton Rectory,
Blandford
Mi's. M. Scott Williams, of ,,
Woolland House, Blandford
J. T. Stephens, Esq., of Wander- W. L.
well, Bridport Esq.
Miss Marjorie Whitby, of Preston, The President
Yeovil
The Rev. A. F. J. Danneman, W. Hawkins, Esq.
M.A., of Broadway, Dorchester
Stephen Collins, Esq., L.C.C., of F. J. Barnes, Esq.
Harborne, St. Anne's Hill,
Wandsworth, S.W.
Rev. L. S. Plowman
Stephens, Win. Colfox, Esq.
Rev. W. Miles Barnes
Miss E. C. Wood
Homer
Weston Oliver, Esq.
PROPOSED AUG. STH, 1904 ; ELECTED SEPT. 14m, 1905.
Member. Proposer. Seconder.
J. Feacey, Esq., of Dorchester Captain J.E.Acland Dr. H. Colley March
Mrs. A. L. F. Pitt Rivers, of Hin- Lord Eustace Cecil The President
ton St. Mary, Sturmiiister New-
ton
Miss Watts, of Bemerton, Salis- The Rev. Sub-Dean The Hon. Secretary
bury R. R. Watts
XXIV.
PUBLICATIONS.
Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian
Field Club. Vols. I. XXVI. Price 10s. 6d. each volume, post free.
General Index to the Proceedings. Vols. I. XXV. Price 6d., by
post 7d.
The Church Bells of Dorset. By the Rev. Canon RAVEN, D.D., F.S. A.
Price (in parts, as issued), 6s. 6d., post free.
Church Goods, Dorset, A.D. 1552. By the Rev. W. MILES BARXES.
Price (as issued) 2s. 6d., post free.
By the late J. C. MANSEL-PLETDELL, B.A., F.G.S., F.L.S.
The Flora of Dorset. 2nd Edition. Price 12s.
The Birds of Dorset. Price 5s.
The Mollusca of Dorset. Price 5s.
By the Rev. 0. PICKAED-CAMBEIDGE, M.A., F.R.S., F.Z.S.
Spiders of Dorset. 2 vols. Price 25s., post free.
The British Phalangidea, or Harvest Men. Price 5s., post free.
British Chernetidea, or False Scorpions. Price 3s., post free.
The Volumes of Proceedings, and the General Index, can be obtained from
Captain Elwes, Bossington, Bournemouth ; the Church Bells and Church Goods
of Dorset, from the Rev. W. Miles Barnes, Monkton Rectory, Dorchester ; Mr.
Mansel-Pleydell's works, from the Curator of the Dorset County Museum,
Dorchester ; and the Rev. O. Pickard- Cambridge's works, from the Author,
Bloxworth Rectory, Wareham.
SOCIETIES IN CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE
FIELD CLUB.
British Museum.
British Museum of Natural History.
British Association.
Bristol Naturalists' Society.
Devon Association for the Advancement of Science.
Hampshire Field Club.
Manchester Literary and Philosophic Society*
Society of Antiquaries, London.
Royal Society of Antiquaries, Ireland.
Somerset Archaeological Society.
porsei ^JlafuraC ^tsfor^ & Antiquarian
DURING THE SEASON 1904-1905.
WINTER SESSION, 1904-1905.
THE FIRST MEETING of the winter session of the Field Club
was held in the Reading Room of the Museum on Tuesday,
December i3th. The President (Mr. Nelson M. Richardson)
took the chair at 12.45. The meeting was very well attended.
THE MEMBERSHIP. Six candidates were elected members
and ten proposed for membership.
REPORT OF THE DELEGATE TO THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION.
A short report, written by Mr. Clement Reid, F.R.S., who
attended the meeting of the British Association at Cambridge,
was then read :
As delegate from your Club, I attended the two meetings of the Corresponding
Societies at the Cambridge meeting of the British Association.
One of the subjects brought forward for consideration was the " conformity of
the publications of the Societies with certain bibliographical requirements."
Suggestions were made as to the adoption of a uniform size, proper indexing,
some careful editing, descriptive titles for the papers, and correct dates and
references both in the volumes and in reprints. Since the meeting I have looked
over the last volume of your " Proceedings," and, as I find that none of the
complaints made apply to the Dorset Field Club, there is no need to refer further
to this debate.
The suggested alteration of the rule by which only Societies that publish can be
affiliated to the British Association was also discussed. It was pointed out that
certain Societies that publish nothing are doing equally good work in other ways,
such as the keeping up of local museums, and that this rule might compel
Societies to publish papers that were not worth printing. This matter, with
various other points, was referred to a small committee to be appointed jointly by
the Corresponding Societies Committee and the Council of the British Association,
the committee to meet from time to time in London.
xxvi. HE FIRST WINTER AIEETING.
Complaints were made as to the slight recognition by the British Association of
the position and work of the affiliated Societies, and suggestions were made as
to a closer union. This matter also was referred to the new committee ; but the
officers of the British Association at once caused the names of the delegates to
appear in the next daily journal in the same way as the committees of the various
sections.
It seemed to be generally felt that the delegates have no time to form a
coherent body. It was thought that the appointment of the new standing
committee would briug the local Societies more into touch with each other and
with the British Association, and would give them more influence, especially in
view of the two years' interval which practically must result from the next
meeting of the British Association taking place in South Africa.
On the motion of Mr. A. POPE, it was agreed that in future the
year of election shall precede each name in the list of Members
in the Club's " Proceedings."
EXHIBITS.
BY DR. F. D. LYS :
Specimens of Testacclla mnwjei (shelled slug) from his garden.
The genus Testacclla (shell-bearing slugs). About six or seven species are
known from France, Italy, Algeria, the Canary Islands, Madeira, the Azores,
England, &c. In this country two are found, viz. : T. maiigei and T. haliottdea,
which are both either somewhat uncommon, or much overlooked through their
general resemblance to the common slugs, which have no external shell.
Authors seem to agree in thinking that they are probably imported by human
agency, but the number of places in which they occur and the manner in which
they flourish in our climate at least suggests a doubt if they are not true natives.
In Dorset, for instance, they have occurred at Corfe Castle (tnaityei, " Proc.,"
V., 136), Blandford (haliotidca , Proc., V., 136), Weymouth (niaugei), Chickerell
(lialiotidca}, Stalbridge (haliotidca, Science Gossip, 1870, p. 309), and Charminster,
and no doubt this list might be much increased if gardeners were instructed to
notice any slugs with shells on their backs that they meet with. Fischer (in
Manuel de Conchyliologie, p. 450), says that in default of worms, the usual food,
these slugs will attack others of their own genus as well as other slugs and snails.
Very few eggs are laid, from 6 to 15, according to the same authority, and
these are placed somewhat deep in the earth. They are large, with a calcareous
shell, nearly round in mauyei and pointed at each end in haliotidea.
Fossil species are known from the Upper Miocene.
Haliotidca is dull white on the ventral surface, mangel being more or less
salmon-pink. The latter is figured in " Proc.," V., 136, but the colouring of the
underside is often much fainter than there represented.
Figures of T. tnaiigci, "Proc.," V., 136. Tongue of T. haliotidca, Fischer,
Man. de Conch., 449.
THE FIRST WINTER MEETING. xxvu.
BY THE PRESIDENT :
A small MS. on vellum, with elaborate full page red and blue initial letters,
in the original binding, written about the year 1330, and containing a
number of statutes, some in Latin and some in French, mostly of the reign of
Edward I. (1272-1307), the earliest being the Statute of Jfcrtoti of 20 Hen. III.
(1236), and the latest the Statute of Northampton of 2 Ed. III. (132S). It begins
with Magna, Carta as confirmed by Edward I. in 129'. This appears to have
been confirmed afresh by successive kings, as Edward here confirms not the
original Magna Carta, but that of his father, Henry III., who, I presume,
confirmed that of his father, John. There are altogether 21 separate writings
in the book, nearly all statutes, mostly named from the place where the
Parliament which passed them was held, such as Statutes of Westminster,
Gloucester, Wynton, &c. There are also Carta de Foresta, the game laws of
that period being of great importance, statutes df rcllgiosis and dc mcrcatonbus,
and a few containing directions, such as Modus faclcndi homayiuni ct fdtUtatcm.
Two deeds of slightly la.ter date were also exhibited for comparison.
BY MES. DEAN :
A number of interesting and valuable Bibles and Prayer Books of the 16th and
17th centuries. The principal exhibits were mentioned in the following note
read by the PEESIDENT : Archbishop Laud's Prayer Book (1337-6) was forced
on Scotch Presbyterians by Charles I. and Laud. To make it more acceptable,
the Scotch translation of the Psalins and Epistles and Gospels was inserted,
instead of the English. It was read in the Edinburgh churches on Sunday,
July 23rd, 1637, under great difficulties caused by the tumult and rioting of the
congregations, followed by much greater and more serious disturbances. The
book is a rare one, perhaps partly owing to the detestation in which it was held
by the Scotch, who must have destroyed many copies. Hebrew Bible, Paris,
1546. The first complete Hebrew Bible was printed in 1438 at Soncino, in Italy.
No Greek Testament was printed until 1516. I exhibit one of 1524, printed
at Strasburg; Biblia Vulgata, Paris, 1523 ; Dutch Bible, 1761 ; and Bible and
Prayer Book, 1637.
A paper was then read by the Rev. W. MILES BARNES.
i. Some poems in the Dorset Dialect written by the late
Rev. W. Barnes, Rector of Came. (Printed.)
After the interval for luncheon :
EXHIBITS.
BY DR. G. ABBOTT, F.G.S., Hon. Treasurer of the South-east Union of
Scientific Societies :
A collection of extraordinary specimens of cellular limestone with photographs.
XXviil. THE FIRST WINTER MEETING.
The Club were much interested in the freaks of limestone as
expressed in the remarkable series of pseudo-organic or dis-coid
concretions, none of which are organic, although they simulate
organisms so closely. The same curious and mysterious process
is illustrated in ring coal, the weathering of old mortar, and the
banding of flints.
Mr. HUDLESTON, who had met Dr. Abbott before at the
Geological Society, drew special attention to the circumstance
that although the peculiar bodies exhibited on this occasion
occurred in the Magnesian Limestone, yet that they consisted in
their present state almost entirely of carbonate of lime. To the
decomposition of the double carbonate (dolomite) must be
partly ascribed the concretionary action which had been set up.
The difficulty had always been to know what had become of the
Magnesia in the original rock, and he suggested its having been
removed in the form of the very soluble sulphate known as
Epsom Salts, whilst the residual lime carbonate, being released
from its primary combinations, proceeded to assume new forms.
BY E. CUNNINGTON, ESQ. :
An interesting specimen of old oak carving.
The Kev. W. MILES BARNES pronounced this to be a subsellium from a choir
stall of some church.
BY E. SLATER, ESQ., F.G.S. :
A fine specimen of a fossil turtle (rictirosternon concinmtni).
Found in the Middle Purbecks at Herston, Swanage. He bought it of a
quarryman and presented it to the Museum.
The PRESIDENT said that these turtles were getting very rare. This one was
a handsome present to the Dorset Museum, which even before its acquisition
contained the best series of fossil turtles outside the British Museum.
Mr. HTTDLESTON observed that Swanage was famous for its turtles and
crocodiles, and this was an extremely interesting specimen of the former.
BY L. B. CLARENCE, ESQ. :
A box- wood implement, found about a year ago under the roof of Coaxden,
Chardstock. The initials upon it are those of one of the Cogans, a family of
small farmers in the neighbourhood, probably a son of R. Cogan, who was
manager of the small Coaxden Estate for its owner. Sir Simonds D'Ewes, at one
time. About the time of Sir S. D'Ewes' death, or soon afterwards, the Cogaus
acquired Coaxden by purchase.
THE FIRST WINTER MEETING. XXIX.
The implement has been examined at the British Museum and also at the
Guildhall Museum, London, but as yet no one has satisfactorily explained its
use or object.
Mr. POPE suggested that it was used in a butcher's business
for skinning animals something like the old thumb-scraper.
Dr. CRALLAN expressed the conviction that it was a shoe-lift.
THE MANSEL-PLEYDELL MEMORIAL FUND.
MUNIFICENT GIFT OF LORD EUSTACE CECIL.
The PRESIDENT read the following letter from the ex-
President, Lord Eustace Cecil, who, he was sorry, could not be
with them that day :
" Lytchett Heath, Poole, December 13th. My dear Mr. Nelson M. Richardson,
I grieve to say that, contrary to my expectations yesterday, I do not feel
sufficiently recovered from my recent attack of illness to justify me in attending
our Club meeting to-day. I cannot tell you what a great disappointment it is to
me, and I can only ask you kindly to express to all the Members present my very
sincere regret that I am unable to fulfil the engagement I had been so long
looking forward to. When the subject of the Mansel-Pleydell Memorial Fund
was first mooted two years ago, I think I am not mistaken in saying that there
was a general desire to hand down to posterity the memory of our late President
in the manner most agreeable to himself and to his family. A sum of money was
collected among the Members of the Club and other friends throughout the
country, and, after defraying the expense of executing a copy of his portrait,
there remained a balance of 83, and the question then arose what should be
done with the surplus of the money? And for a time it was decided to aPow the
fund to accumulate. When I succeeded as President after some consideration
it seemed to me that the best mode of applying the surplus was to increase the
great utility of the Club in some permanent form ; and, failing any better
scheme, I made up my mind to suggest the appropriation of the balance,
strengthened by such an additional sum as seemed to me necessary for the
purpose, to the further encouragement of scientific knowledge in this county. I
have always, I hope, fully recognised the advantages of this Club in the past,
holding out as it does the attraction of summer meetings with the gathering
together of Members, their friends and families, anxious to know a little more of
the beautiful old county they live in, and the antiquities with which they are
surrounded ; and, also, I must not pass by our winter debates, replete with quaint
knowledge and curious discoveries. But I am still more ambitious as to the
future. Though I am not one of those who think that our race is degenerating, or
our workmen falling off in skill and workmanship, still none of us can be blind to
XXX. THE FIRST WINTER MEETING.
the fact that competition is increasing abroad, and the struggle for superiority is
becoming more and more severe. We have had several warnings during the last
few years. The Prince of Wales, it will be remembered, on his return from a
voyage round the world, told us we must ' wake up,' and, without going into
controversial questions, our trade returns, year by year, are not what we have a
right to expect them to be, looking at the experience of former years. But I will
not detain you longer, except to say that, if we are to think Imperially in the
future, we must commence by thinking scientifically, and that is why I should
wish our Club to do its best to promote so desirable an object by any beginning,
however humble ; and, in the hope that it will be willing to adopt the scheme I
now propose, I beg you to believe me, very sincerely yours, EUSTACE G. CECIL."
Then came the following memorandum of the scheme :
"Lytchett Heath, Poole, December 13th, 1904. The surplus fund of the
Mausel-Pleydell Memorial Fund has been invested in 100 Xew S. Wales
Government 3 per cent. Stock. It is now proposed to add to that fund a further
sum of 300 Foreign, American, and General Trust Company deferred stock,
producing 5 per cent, per annum, taking the average of the last twenty years, say
15. With this sum, added to 3 per annum on the Xew S. Wales Government
stock, a total of 18 would be obtained, with which it is proposed that two silver
medals should be given yearly for the best scientific papers at an expense of 5
each the surplus, after defraying the small cost of the medals (say 5s. 6d.),
being laid out in books or instruments, at the option of the successful candidate.
A further sum of 5 yearly to be reserved for expenses and fees connected with
the examination papers, postage, &c., leaving, say, 3 over each year to
accumulate. The first medal to be called the ' Mausel-Pleydell ' medal, and to
be given for the best paper on natural history and archaeology, especially
the natural history of Dorset and its antiquities, prehistoric records, and
ethnology, and to be open to Members of the Dorset Field Club only of both
sexes. The second medal, to be called the ' Cecil ' medal, for the best paper on
chemistry or electricity, as applied to healing or medicinal purposes, for domestic
and farm uses, or motor power generally, and to be open to eandidates of both
sexes who have been born in the county of Dorset, or who have resided there for
not less than one year. The age of candidates at first to be fixed at from IS to
30, power being reserved to a committee of President and two Vice -Presidents
(with power to add to their number) to increase or reduce the limit of age.
Schoolmasters or teachers, in their active exercise of their professions, not to be
eligible. Examinations to be held yearly under the direction of the committee
mentioned above, with such extra assistance as they may require or decide upon,
discretion being left to them to fix the subjects for examination, under the
proposed heads, and the limit of age, and to carry out such other changes as from
time to time may seem desirable, bearing in mind the main objects of the original
bequest. Should, in their opinion, the examination papers be judged in any one
year to be not of sufficient merit, or not deserving of reward, then no medals are
THE FIRST WINTER MEETING. XXXI.
to be given that year, and the funds are to be allowed to accumulate for the
general objects of the Trust. In the event of further money being subscribed,
two or more annual scholarships to be instituted of not less than 10 each yearly,
for one or more years, and power given to the trustees and committee to merge
the sum of 18 a year already spoken of into a common fund, provided always
that sufficient money be first put aside yearly to pay for the cost of the examin-
ations and the medals, Sec. EUSTACE G. CECIL."
The PRESIDENT expressed warm appreciation of Lord Eustace
Cecil's generosity and public spirit. His name and that of
Mr. J. C. Mansel-Pleydell would be handed down to posterity
as those of the first two Presidents of the Club, who had done so
much to further the interests of science in Dorset, both through
the agency of the Field Club and otherwise. He moved the
following resolution :
' ' This meeting wishes to express its sense of the great generosity and kindness
of the Lord Eustace Cecil in making it possible, by his handsome donation of
300 Foreign, American and General Trust Deferred Stock, for the Dorset Field
Club to carry out the proposed scheme for the furtherance of natural history,
physical science, and archaeology in Dorset in conjunction with the balance of the
Mausel-Pleydell Memorial Fund a scheme which will be a lasting memorial of
their two first Presidents."
Captain ELWES seconded.
The Rev. J. C. M. MANSEL-PLEYDELL said :
He wished to state how deeply sensible his mother and all the members of his
family were of that generous gift of Lord Eustace Cecil's towards making really
workable the scheme for his dear father's memorial. Some time ago the
committee formulated some such scheme as this to encourage the study of
natural science, but their difficulty was that they had not enough funds to carry
it out. Now, however, Lord Eustace Cecil's generous gift had made it feasible.
He was glad that Lord Eustace would be associated with his father in the
memorial, for they were warm friends and admirers, and it was always a great
wish of his father that Lord Eustace should take up the work of the Club after
him, knowing that he would carry it on in his spirit and mind.
The resolution was carried unanimously.
The PRESIDENT said that Lord Eustace wished three trustees
to be appointed himself, as President of the Club, and two
Vice-Presidents, and had suggested Captain Elwes and the Rev.
J. C. M, Mansel-Pleydell, with power to add to their number.
XXxii. THE FIRST WINTER MEETING.
The Rev. W. MILES BARNES seconded, and these three were
appointed. It was decided to bank with the Wilts and Dorset
Bank. The appointment of a solicitor to draw the trust deed
was left to the trustees.
Mr. EVELYN CECIL, M.P., who rose to speak at the President's
invitation as the representative of his father, said :
He should be pleased to tell his father of the unanimity and enthusiasm with
which the resolution had been passed and the scheme accepted. His father
would, he assured them, be very gratified that the Club entered so thoroughly
into the scheme, and intended to carry it out in all particulars. He spoke of his
father's devotion to the Club and all its concerns, and his earnest desire to
increase its membership, promote its success, enhance its influence, and make it
a real incentive to scientific research. He paid a fine tribute to the character and
attainments of the late Mr. Mansel-Pleydell, and, advocating the pursuit of
scientific investigation in all its varied branches, made some thoughtful observa-
tions upon the rapprochement of recent years between science and religion and
the gradual disappearance of the old estrangement and antipathy between the
exponents of both. Exhibiting the first two medals, he explained that his father
had always been interested in chemistry and electricity. It was a family pursuit,
for his father's brother, the late Lord Salisbury, used to devote his spare moments
to it. He hoped that the prizes would encourage the steady study of the subjects
in the county.
The Eev. J. C. M. MANSKL-PLEYDELL added that not only had Lord Eustace
Cecil given 300 of Stock, but he had also at his own charges had the dies cut
for the medals a very expensive item.
The PRESIDENT read out the inscriptions on the medals. The
first medal bears on the obverse a full-face portrait of the late
Mr. Mansel-Pleydell, with the inscription "For Excellence in
Natural History and Archaeology. Mansel-Pleydell." The reverse
bears the armorial device of Dorset, with the words "Dorset
Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club." In the second
medal, which presented an admirable profile of Lord Eustace
Cecil, the inscription was varied to "For Excellence in
Chemistry and Electricity. Cecil." Mr. Richardson added
that it was Lord Eustace Cecil's wish to keep for himself
the first Cecil medal, and that he should hand the first Mansel-
Pleydell medal to Mr. J. C. M. Mansel-Pleydell. This he did
amid applause. The President added they had listened with
interest to Mr. Cecil's remarks, and they hoped that he would
THE FIRST WINTER MEETING. XXX111.
convey to his father their appreciation of his great kindness and
generosity.
EXHIBIT.
BY E. SLATEE, ESQ. :
An old MS. copy of the Journal of the House of Commons for the years 1688-9.
Mr. SLATER believed that this MS. was part of the original
Journal of the House of Commons, but the original Journal is
still in the library of the House. The MS. is probably part of
one of the many copies which have been made of the Journal.
Mr. Slater read some interesting portions of the MS. ; but, as
the complete Journal is in print and accessible to students, we
have not spared the space to reproduce them.
"THE NATURALIST IN AUSTRALIA." This was the subject of
an instructive and entertaining paper read by the Rev. C. W. H.
DICKER, and illustrated profusely with drawings and botanical
specimens. The paper is printed in this volume.
A FAMOUS LOCAL LAWSUIT. Mr. ALFRED POPE exhibited
the volume of original notes on the memorable action tried by
Mr. Justice Littledale and a special jury of seven at the Dorset
Summer Assize at Dorchester on July i7th, 1826 the action
brought by the Rev. George Wood, Rector of Holy Trinity,
against the Rev. John Morton Colson, Rector of St. Peter's, to
obtain possession of the old glebe field between Charles Street
and Acland Road. The book contained the following extract
from the Dorset County Chronicle and Somersetshire Gazette of
July zyth, 1 826, in which an account of the trial was published :
"If the verdict be not disturbed, Mr. Wood, as Hector of Holy Trinity, as
well as all future rectors of that church, will be entitled not only to the glebe
land in question, but to the living of St. Peter's as belonging to that of Trinity,
to which latter church, with St. Peter's as a chapel annexed to it (according to the
present decision), the Feoffees of the School and Almshouses have the right of
presentation ; and the presentation by the King of the defendant Mr. Colson to
St. Peter's becomes a nullity."
The meeting ended shortly before five o'clock.
XXXIV.
WINTER SESSION.
THE SECOND MEETING of the winter session was held at the
Dorset County Museum on Tuesday, February zist, at 12.45.
THE MEMBERSHIP. Ten candidates nominated at the last
meeting were elected and 14 nominated.
Captain ELWES gave notice of his intention to propose at the
next meeting that the Club membership be limited to 400.
A LUNAR HALO IN THE FORM OF A CROSS.
The PRESIDENT read the following interesting note on a lunar
phenomenon :
About 8 p.m. on September 28th, 1904, Mrs. Richardson called my attention to
the fact that broad vertical and horizontal bands of light were proceeding from
the moon's disc, which was somewhat less than a complete circle, full moon
having taken place on September 24th at 5.50 p.m. The bands kept constantly
altering both in length and breadth, but were always somewhat narrower than
the moon's disc, and generally from two to three times the diameter of the moon
in length. In intensity they were quite as bright as any halo that I have ever
seen, if not more so, and of a silvery colour. They had the wavy and shooting
motion of an aurora, and always retained their vertical and horizontal positions,
forming a beautiful cross of light with the moon in the centre. The phenomenon
continued much the same for more than an hour, after which it began to fade
away, and by about 10 p.m. had completely disappeared. There were no clouds
near the moon at the time. I have consulted our distinguished astronomer, Rev.
W. R. Waugh, and though, as he says, it is only an atmospheric phenomenon,
and therefore hardly comes into the domain of astronomy proper, he has
consented to say a few words on the subject. Possibly the historic cross seen
by Constantino in the heavens was of a similar nature, though that is said to
have been above the sun and to have borne an inscription, and there have, I
believe, been other occasions on which a fairy cross is said to have been seen
in the sky ; but I understand that the present lunar cross is not at all a common
occurrence.
The Rev. W. R. WAUGH, the Club's esteemed astronomer,
contributed the following instructive note on the subject :
On September 28th, 1904, Mrs. Richardson saw a brilliant and beautiful lunar
halo in form of a cross surrounding the moon, of a pearly -white hue. It
remained visible from 8 p.m. to about 10 p.m. The moon was gibbous at the
time, being about four days after the full. The angle of division between the
dark and illuminated portion of the lunar surface standing at about 30 with the
LUNAR CROSS SEEN BY MR. & MRS. N. M. RICHARDSON AT
CHICKERELL, SEPT. 28, 1304.
THE SECOND WINTER MEETING. XXXV.
moon's axis, the general appearance was most striking and beautiful, the light of
the cross being nearly equal to that of the lunar surface. It need hardly be said
that the phenomenon was not astronomical, being, in fact, wholly atmospherical,
and that it arose from the reflection of the lunar light from the particles of
vapour, which must have been very dense at the time. Why the appearance
took the form of a cross is not clear, and even at the time would not have been
disclosed. In that respect it seems a meteorological mystery.
Mr. Whitmell, B.A., one of His Majesty's School Inspectors, has skilfully
devoted much attention to the origin of lunar halos. He says that they are due
to the reflection of lunar lights from the particles of ice in the upper regions of
the air, and, when there is colouring, it is due to the analysis of the light, on the
same principle as the rainbow. This explanation commends itself to all investi-
gators. He also says there are two principal halos, the smaller distant 22 from
the light-giving orb, and the larger distant 46 ; both have their outer borders
green, their inner red, and both have the sun or moon for their centre. These
remarks already associate mock suns and moons, rainbows, and coloured arcs
with halos, forms being modified by atmospheric conditions. It may be noted
that the cruciform aspect is very rare, and may be produced in a similar manner
as the striking sun -pillar, which also is seldom seen.
The following items are taken from an old encyclopaedia of date 1813. They
are curious, if not valuable, additions to the literature of the subject. The
writer states that Huygens supposed that writers on the theme generally believe
that halos or circles, more or less coloured, were formed by minute grains of
hail. Huygens fully endorsed this theory, and illustrates it by drawings of the
formation. Huygens was a very careful observer of natural phenomena, and
his ideas and observations are deserving of all credit. Newton's theory of halos,
as given in his work on optics, &c., favours the theory that halos are caused by
the refraction and reflection of light from the sun or moon. He says the more
equal the globules of ice or vapour may be, the more crowns of colour and the
more lively the tints. There are several ways of exhibiting these phenomena.
The flame of a candle placed in the midst of a steam in cold weather, or placed
at a distance from a window which has been breathed upon, will also show slight
coloured halos. Also a quantity of water thrown up against the sun or moon will
show halos a kind of mock rainbow. Musschenbiok, a German author, observes
that, when the windows of his room were covered with a thin plate of ice, the moon
seen through it was surrounded with a variously coloured halo, and, on opening
the window, the apparition was entirely gone. Of course, all these experiments
must be patiently and perseveringly performed, and may be almost endlessly
diversified, according to the knowledge and skill of the performers.
EXHIBITS.
BY THE PEESIDENT :
A series of deeds dating from the reign of James I., with a few of earlier date,
from Eichard II.
XXXVI. THE SECOND WINTER MEETING.
The chief interest in the deeds exhibited lies perhaps in the series dating from
Charles II. to Victoria, containing portraits of the reigning Sovereigns. I have
only here one specimen of each King and Queen (except George II., of which
there are two), but there exist other varieties of most of them. I believe that
Charles II. was the first Sovereign who was so pourtrayed, but I do not know
whether our present King's likeness has yet been used in this way. It will be
noticed that the ornamental part of the deed is printed from more than one
copper plate. The portrait is separate from its border containing the initial
letter, and the other portions of the elaborate bordering to the deed are
separate, so that varieties of bordering would probably occur with the same
portrait. The two portraits of William III. the one withJVTary and the other
alone are the same, but the background present in the first print has been
erased in the second. I also exhibit a series of highly ornamental deeds from
James I. to Richard Cromwell, one of each reign, which are not printed, but
are wonderful specimens of penmanship. They are mostly also ornamented with
what looks like lead pencil, or perhaps chalk, softened off with a stump. They
show the gradual development of ornamentation, and probably the pen was not
much used for this purpose after the reign of Charles II., when the whole was
printed, though the thick letters seem to be still filled in with a brush. It will
be noticed that of the two deeds in Charles II. 's reign, both with painted
ornaments, the earlier one (14 Charles II.) is the latest deed which has some of
the stump ornamentation added. It also contains the Royal Arms in the place
occupied in the later one (23 Charles II.) by the portrait. The printed side
borders occur first in the reign of Geerge I. Of deeds earlier than James I.
I have but few that are of interest from an ornamental point of view. I have
brought one of Richard II. (1399), one of Edward IV. (1430), in English, not
Latin, as usual, both with ornamental initials, and one of Henry VI. (1423), with
several of the letters of the first line, including both small and capital, curiously
elongated and ornamented. The later deeds are mostly difficult to read until we
come to George II., when they are in English and in ordinary writing, and, as I
have merely exhibited them on account of their ornamental borders and portraits,
I will say nothing about their contents, which are not, I think, of any special
interest, mostly corresponding to our present conveyances of land. All my deeds
between Charles I. and Charles II. are in English, but I do not know if this
was the invariable custom during this short period.
BY MBS. DEAN:
Some deeds of about the date of the restoration, relating to property at East
Stour, chiefly known as the residence of Henry Fielding, and she also showed a
seal pertaining to Shaftesbury.
Mr. ALFRED POPE said it was always the custom when deeds
were attested in the past to utter the formula " In witness whereof
I have hereunto set my hand and seal, and within the seal I have
THE SECOND WINTER MEETING. XXXV11.
placed a true coin of the realm." That coin was generally half
a guinea ; and the fact explained why the seals of these old
deeds were seldom to be found. The seal and the gold had
gone.
BY THE EEV. F. W. GALPIN :
A model of a humstrum and an ancient rebec.
Halliwell's Dictionary of archaic and provincial words thus
explains the instrument :
" Humstrum, a musical instrument out of tune or rudely
constructed ; a Jew's harp."
In 1763 Bonnell Thornton published as a burlesque :
"An ode on S. Cecilia's Day adapted to the antient British
musick, viz. : The salt box, the Jew's harp, the marrow bones
and cleaver, the humstrum, or hurdy-gurdy, &c."
In his overture, or preface, he thus writes: "I am sorry I
can give no certain account of these incomparable instruments,
the salt box and the humstrum, or hurdy-gurdy. But it is
reasonable to conclude that the first was usually performed on
at festivals and the other at funerals, or on serious occasions."
In the ode the instrument is referred to in these words :
EECITATIVB.
Cease lighter numbers ; hither bring
The undulating string
Stretch'd out, and to the tumid bladder
In amity harmonious bound.
Then deeper swell the notes and sadder,
And let the hoarse Base slowly solemn sound.
AIE.
With dead dull doleful heavy hums,
With mournful moans and grievous groans,
The sober hurdy-gurdy * thrums.
It is evident from this that Thornton knew little or cared to
know little about the humstrum, for he confuses it with the
* This instrument, by the learned, is sometimes called a humstrum.
XXXV111. THE SECOND WINTER MEETING.
hurdy-gurdy (the vielle, or organistrum), and his description
agrees rather with a one-stringed rustic bass viol known as the
Bum-bass, or Basse de Flandre, and still used in Germany.
Ritson, at the end of the i8th century in his "Observations
on the Minstrels," writes :
" It is conceived that a few individuals resembling the
character of the old minstrels might have been lately and
may possibly be still found, in some of the least polished or
less frequented parts of the kingdom. . . . Within two
years one was to be seen in the streets of London ; he played
on an instrument of the rudest construction, which he, properly
enough, called a humslrum, and chanted (amongst others) the
old ballad of Lord Thomas and Fair Ellinor."
The locus c/assicus for the humstrum is Barnes' Dorset Poems,
Collection III., where in the original edition the poem, "The
Humstrum," is accompanied by a woodcut of the instrument.
The humstrum appears to be a somewhat degenerate form of
the rebec, a popular three-stringed fiddle in use in the Middle
Ages, and derived through Moorish and Arabic influence from
the East. In Germany the instrument was called the " Geige,"
and is said to have given its name to the dance known as the
jig. It was generally used by the wandering minstrels. In the
humstrum the labour required for excavating the hollow body of
the instrument is dispensed with, and a tin canister (perhaps in
early times a bladder) takes its place. The strings, four in
number, are of wire, and in the present instance the bagpipe or
hurdy-gurdy tuning has been adopted. A rude melody can be
played on the uppermost string by a slight pressure of the
fingers, though there is no finger-board. The bridge is formed
by the rounded side of the tin, across which the strings are
stretched. The tone is curious and buzzy.
BY THE PRESIDENT :
A fine specimen of Deilephila (Phryxus) Livornica (the striped Hawk Moth),
bred from an egg laid by a moth captured at Ferndown, in Dorset, near Bourne-
mouth, June 22nd, 1904. He said :
THE SECOND WINTER MEETING. XXXIX.
" Dr. Crallan most kindly sent me four eggs out of several laid by his
captured moth. Of these three hatched, one larva dying when about half
grown. The other two duly pupated, and were placed in moss in a greenhouse,
where the one exhibited emerged on January 7th, 190'). The other pupa was
then healthy, but died very shortly afterwards. I believe that no other
members of this brood attained the perfect state, with the exception of three
bred by Mr. Eustace Bankes. My larvae were fed upon dock, chiefly on plants
growing in pots out of doors. The moth is a very rare British species, and
specimens captured are, I be'ieve, always immigrants, and there is no record that
I know of its surviving our winters. In 1904 an unusual number of specimens
were taken at Bournemouth and elsewhere. Dr. Crallau's moth laid fifty eggs,
hatched June 16th. All his larvae died of mould."
BY ME. C. S. PEIDEAUX :
A cinerary urn, ploughed up on the farm of Mr. W. S. Foot, of Bincombe. It
was full of calcined bones and badly broken.
He had tried to repair it. The large flat stone which he produced was placed
on top of the urn. The depressed barrow where the urn was found was on the
south side of Came Wood, and there were two or three other barrows there which
were nearly ploughed down level, so that he was expecting almost at any time
to hear that another urn had been found. The whole of the ground all the way
round was full of flint chips, and he picked up several excellent scrapers. Mr.
Gray, of Taunton Castle, had told him that it was a very early form of urn.
Mr. F. J. BARNES : The urn appears to be identical with
those we found at Portland some time ago. About 160 were
uncovered in the course of two or three weeks, and half the
barrows are still unopened.
In this case, as in others, the covering of flints which
protected the interment was probably taken away and sold for
road metal, and the barrow, being thus deprived of its
protection, fell an easy victim to the plough.
BY THE REV. S. E. V. FILLETJL :
A silver paten cover, dated 1573, of an Elizabethan chalice, which has
disappeared, and a pewter alms plate, dated 1,682.
Neither of the two pieces was recorded in " Nightingale's Church Plate of
Dorset " (Ed. 1889). Mr. Filleul had written : -
" When I came to Dorchester the tradition was that the old silver paten
exhibited had been found buried near the altar of the old church, removed in
1845. I wrote to Mr. Alfred Spicer, now of Bishop's Cauudle, an old church-
warden at that time, to know if this was the true account of it. He replied that
xl. THE SECOND WINTER MEETING.
he had found it in an old box of rubbish in the tool-house in the corner of the
churchyard about the year 1860. It was then perfectly black, but he had it
cleaned by a silversmith, and restored it to the church. It bears the date
engraved 1573. It is recorded that Mrs. George Galpin, wife of a churchwarden,
collected money to pay for the new plate, somewhere about the time of the
church re-building (1845). Probably the old chalice, on which this paten may
have fitted, was sold or given in part exchange, and thus an Elizabethan chalice
may have been lost to the church, actually in the memory of the living. The
pewter plate was found somewhere by the clerk in the year 1895. It was much
out of shape and the rim almost cracked off. I had it repaired and electro-
plated, and now use it for an alms dish. The clerk remembers that there were
formerly two of them. If any collector has the other one, we should be most
grateful to have it again."
The following papers were then read :
1. " New and Rare British Arachnida," by the Rev. O. Pickard-
Cambridge. (Printed.)
And after luncheon
2. "Old Dorset Village Choirs and Bands," by the Rev.
F. W. Galpin. (Printed.)
On the conclusion of the paper, Mr. Thomas Hardy asked :
Can Mr. Galpin account for the curious fact of their always
playing the tenor on a treble instrument an octave higher ? I
have known many of the old bands play it in that way.
Mr. Galpin, in reply, said : It was undoubtedly a survival of
the earlier period, when the melody, or plainsong, was in the
tenor, and the treble and alto parts wove themselves in a more
or less harmonious way above it ; then when the melody was
transferred to the treble, the true tenor was still played on a
treble instrument.
3. "On Bingham's Melcombe Manor House ; Its Surround-
ings, Folk Lore, Wild Animals, &c.," by Mr. Bosworth Smith.
4. "Old Dorset Songs and Doggerel Rhymes," by the Hon.
Secretary. (To be printed.)
The meeting closed shortly before five o'clock.
Since the meeting Mr. A. M. Luckham, of Parkstone, writing
in the Dorset County Chronicle, gives the following interesting
particulars of choirs and bands in Broadway and adjoining
parishes :
THE SECOND WINTER MEETING. xli.
" Very many memories have been, revived in my mind by the notice in last
week's Dorset County Chronicle of Mr. Galpin's paper on parish choirs and bands.
I have before me a book used by the choirs of Came and Radipole. It dates
from 1801, and contains a large number of Psalm tunes and anthems in manu-
script, and in it the tenor and the alto parts are all written in the treble clef. In
fact, neither the tenor nor the alto clefs are used throughout the book. Many of
the tunes are very elaborate, and fugal passages abound. It is new to me to learn
that there had ever been any objection to the use of the serpent in the Church
services. The band of Broadwey Church contained two clarionets, a serpent, and
a bass viol, for some time also a key-bugle, and I think serpents were also used in
some neighbouring churches. It has been a great pleasure to me in later years
to see the serpent used in the orchestra of the London Sacred Harmonic Society,
and to fancy that I could distinguish its special tone in the " Messiah " music.
What we call the alto part was usually, I think, sung by a male counter- tenor in
a falsetto voice, and I well remember hearing a servant-maid say in describing
the anthem which had been sung, " Well, I do like to hear Bill Wiuzar when he
d' sing 'womanish ' " rather a good way of putting it. Of the Radipole choir
my father used to tell an amusing tale. It will be best appreciated by those who
have had experience with hounds. The bass viol was played by an old blacksmith
named Puckett, who had become almost stone deaf, but by putting his ear close
to his instrument he could hear its tones. In an elaborate fugal passage both band
and voices got hopelessly adrift and broke down, the bass viol going on alone.
Then came a voice heard all over the church saying " Hark to Puckett," and
then the choir all came in in full cry. I hope some of your readers may find
interest in these memories of sixty to seventy years ago."
xlii.
THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING.
THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of the Club was held on
Tuesday, May gth, in the Reading Room of the Museum. The
President, Mr. N. M. Richardson, took the chair at 12.45.
THE MEMBERSHIP. Fourteen candidates proposed at the
last meeting were elected Members, and ten candidates for
membership were proposed for election at the next meeting.
EXHIBITS.
BY THE PRESIDENT :
An orchis, found by Mr. Brunsden, pier-master, of Swanage, and sent on his
behalf by Miss Clapcott. Mr. Brunsdeu stated that they were plentiful in one
particular spot in that locality.
Mr. RICHAEDSOX, when exhibiting the specimen, added the following note :
"This appears from the glabrous petals to be Ophrys aranifera, Huds. var. o,
genniiia. This form seems to be new to Dorset, var. . fucifera, Smith, being the
only form recorded in Mr. Mansel-Pley dell's ' Flora of Dorset.' The naming of
f/aiidita is confirmed by Mr. W. Bowles Barrett, of Weymouth, who, however,
points out that the two forms are not distinguished in Watson's Topographical
Bot., Ed. 2, nor in Brebisson's Flore de la Normandie, or Lloyd's More de
1' Quest de la France, and that Townsend, in 'Flora of Hampshire,' remarks
that fucifera can hardly be separated from the type. The Rev. E. F. Linton
writes : ' Some of the best Kent observers have given their matured opinions
that Ophrys aranifera and 0. fitcifera, Sim., are not separable, being only
distinguished by the pubescence on the lateral petals, and every stage of variation
is to be found on the same down (see Flora of Kent, Eng. Bot, Ed. 3, &c.), where
both forms occur, and the tendency at present is to drop fucifera, even as a
variety, though it was published by Smith as a species, wore SHO, and merge it in
aranifera as a mere form or state. The Dorset form, having generally pubescent
petals, has been usually called fucifera. My few specimens all have some
pubescence, much or little, not all alike.' "
BY DE. COLLEY MAECH:
An ancient token given to him by Pasteur E. Moutarde, of the Reformed
Church of Saujon, France.
To this day, he said, a curious custom prevailed. When the communicant
came to the altar he handed to the priest or pastor a small coin of little value, and
why he did so he did not know. The fact was that it was a curious traditional
survival of the times of persecution, when it was necessary for every communicant
to give some secret sign to the celebrant that he was not an intruder or spy.
fHE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING. xliii.
The PRESIDENT then read his address, on the conclusion of
which Captain ELWES moved a vote of thanks. Dr. COLLEY
MARCH, in seconding it, observed
throughout the address they had listened to they saw the careful painstaking of
an entomologist, and they were glad to recognise the number of instances of
original observation. If it had given them pleasure to listen to the address, how
much more pleasure would they have in reading it, when they could digest the
facts that to-day they had only hurriedly heard.
The HON. TREASURER then presented the balance sheet for
the past year, which was a very satisfactory one. At the last
Annual Meeting he had the pleasure of announcing to the Club
that they had a reserve fund of ^100 in Consols. He was glad
now to be able to announce that the sum had risen considerably.
The Club was indebted to Mr. Eaton for his liberal contribution
of S towards the expense of printing the rainfall returns and
to Mr. H. E. Huntley for los. towards the Plate Fund.
Mr. ALFRED POPE, in moving the adoption of the report,
complimented the Hon. Treasurer on the successful result of his
efforts.
Mr. F. J. BARNES seconded the adoption of the report, and it
was carried unanimously.
The PRESIDENT expressed the thanks of the Club to Messrs.
Eaton and Huntley for their contributions, and congratulated
Captain Elwes on his great success as Hon. Treasurer.
The meeting then adjourned for luncheon, and was resumed
at 2.45, when the HON. SECRETARY presented his report,
prefacing it with a statement of receipts and expenditure in
connection with the summer meetings :
"The membership of the Club is now (including the 14 new Members elected
to-day) 361, which, by a curious coincidence, is exactly the same number with
which the year started. The large influx of new Members has been counter-
balanced by an equally large number of deaths among our old Members and
departures from the county. The summer meetings this year, with the exception
of that at Sherborne, were not great successes financially. One sometimes hears
of Members who complain that they are asked to pay their portion of " incidental
expenses ' ' at these meetings ; but my statement of receipts and expenditure
shows that the small levy on Members is absolutely necessary. Of work done
xliv. THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING.
this past year there is nothing brilliant to report in the Secretary's department.
Partly through the Club's instrumentality, the marriage registers of Dorset are to
be published, gradually, in Phillimore's well-known county series. And
perhaps during the coming year arrangements may be made for affiliating the
minor natural history and antiquarian societies of Dorset to the central County
Field Club. The members of the Executive have been revolving the subject in
their minds for several months, but, of course, the whole matter would be
submitted to the Members of the Field Club before any real action is taken ; and
I only mention the subject now as some premature, yet pleasing, paragraphs
bearing thereon have appeared in some of the Dorset newspapers. To unify the
natural histoiy and antiquarian work which is being done in the county seems to
me to be a thing much to be desired, provided that it can be done without
amalgamating the several clubs. I should also like to call attention to the
sixpenny pamphlet which the Club has published this year. The Assistant
Secretary has compiled a list of the past and present officers of the Club, its
Members, its rules, its publications, and a general index of the papers, &c.,
published in its twenty -five volumes of 'Proceedings,' and every Member should
secure a copy ere it is out of print."
The PRESIDENT expressed the Club's great appreciation of Mi'. Pentin's services
during the year. They had good reason to be thankful that they were so
fortunate as to obtain so excellent a successor to their late Secretary, Dr. Colley
March.
Captain ELWES then, in accordance with the notice he had
previously given, proposed that the Club membership should be
limited to 400. The proposition was seconded by Dr. CRALLAN,
but, as it failed to obtain the support of three-fourths of the
Members present at the meeting, as required under Rule 21,
the motion was lost.
The Hon. Editor's report followed :
" The new volume is making progress. There are already in type : By the
Hon. Secretary, a paper on ' Liscombe Chapel ' ; articles, by Mr. C. S. Prideaux
and Mr. Gray, on 'The Barrow Excavations at Martiustown " ; on 'Spiders,'
by Mr. Cambridge ; on ' Dorset Plants,' by Mr. Liuton. The latter will be an
appendix to Mr. Mansel-Pleydell's valuable work on the subiect. There will
follow : ' The Xaturalist iu Australia,' by the Rev. C. W. H. Dicker ; a continu-
ation, concluding the list, of ' Church Goods, 1552 ' ; and I hope to receive
Canon Raven's monograph on ' The Church Bells of Dorset ' in time for this
year's volume. There will also be ' Poems in the Dorset Dialect,' by the late
Rev. W. Barnes ; and a paper on ' The Cross-legged Effigies in Dorset,' by Mr.
Sidney Heath ; and a note by Rev. H. S. Solly, on ' The Landslip at Lyme Regis.'
Club notes will be continued, and the ' Rainfall Returns ' and ' First Appear-
ances,' as usual. A new feature in the book will be a series of the Chartularies
THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING. xlv.
of Dorset Abbeys, which will be commenced in this volume and continued from
year to year. The first will relate to the Abbey of Middleton (Milton). The .
chartulary of this abbey, which was in existence in Tanner's days, has since
disappeared ; it is supposed to have been lost when the public records were kept
in the stable at Carlton Gardens. An enquiry at the Record Office has confirmed
the report of its loss. But Tanner, who mentioned it, made some extracts from
it, which are now, with other manuscripts of his, in the Bodleian Library. I
have obtained photographic facnun lies of these, from which transcripts have been
made for the printers, and Mr. B. Fossett Lock has kindly promised a translation
of them. The next to be printed will be the Charters of Cerne Abbey. Mr.
Alfred Rogers, sub-librarian of the University Library, Cambridge, has kindly
copied these, and I hope Mr. B. Fossett Lock will give us a translation of them.
They were mentioned by Mr. Doraii Webb in his article on the Book of Cerne
in a former volume of the transactions. They were then on loose leaves of
parchment, tied up with the Book of Cerne ; but whether perfect and complete or
not, I have not yet heard. The volume will be an interesting one, not inferior to
the last in the quality of its contents, nor perhaps in bulk, and it will be well
illustrated."
RAILWAY FACILITIES. The HON. SECRETARY stated that the
British Association, to which the Club was affiliated, had invited
them to join with other affiliated bodies in asking the railway
companies of England for concessions for Members travelling
on antiquarian and scientific business. This was agreed to.
ELECTION OF OFFICERS. The President, Hon. Secretary,
Hon. Treasurer, and Hon. Editor were re-elected, and the HON.
SECRETARY re-nominated Mr. H. Pouncy as Assistant Secretary.
In accordance with Rule III., the PRESIDENT nominated the
following gentlemen for re-election as Vice-Presidents : Lord
Eustace Cecil, F.R.G.S., Mr. W. H. Hudleston, M.A., F.R.S.,
F.L.S., F.G.S., the Rev. J. C. M. Mansel-Pleydell, M.A., Dr. H.
Colley March, F.S.A., the Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge, M.A.,
F.R.S., Mr. R. Bosworth Smith, M.A., the Hon. Morton G.
Stuart-Gray, M.A., F.G.S., and the Rev. W. Miles Barnes, B.A.
THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION. The HON. SECRETARY observed
that the British Association appeared to take it for granted that
the Club would not send a delegate to the meeting of the
Association in South Africa this year, but they had invited them
to appoint a delegate to attend certain meetings in London.
He proposed Mr. Ernest Sykes, President of the Malacological
xlvi. THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING.
Society, and one of their most distinguished Members. The
PRESIDENT seconded. It was carried.
THE SUMMER MEETINGS. The next business was the choice
of the places of field meetings to be held during the ensuing
summer. Many suggestions of localities had been received by
the Secretary on forms sent out for the purpose, and these were
put to the vote, with the result that Bradford-on-Avon and Bath
(two days) ; Brownsea Island ; and Langton Herring, Fleet, and
the Chesil Beach were selected for the outdoor meetings.
An interesting paper was then read by Captain ACLAND on
"The Saxon Origin of Studland Church." Captain Acland
included in his paper some notes by Mr. A. M. Luckham,
churchwarden of Studland 30 years ago. These observations
by an observant man, who had unusual opportunities for
studying the details of the work, are of much value, shewing
as they do the discoveries that were made in the course of it, and
some of the changes carried out in the course of the restoration.
He says : " It will be noticed that in the thick and thin course rabble work of
the church not a single quarried stone appears ; a large proportion of the stones
are water worn, and have been broken in two, so as to get one flat surface
outward, and other stones are rough flints, or hard sandstone, such as may be
picked up even now on the seashore, or in the fields. Every stone of the worked
' ashlar ' has been added to an existing building, and mortar of a different
colour and better quality has been used in fixing them. The hewn stones of the
quoins throughout the building do not ' course ' with the rubble work. When a
portion of the S.W. quoin of the nave was taken down, it was found that the
corner of the nibble work had been roughly pulled down and the new ' ashlar '
stones built in without any regard to the courses of the old work ; here also a
whiter and better mortar has been used. The whole of the plinth of the exterior
walls, and of the skirting stones at the foot of the interior, carry no weight, are often
quite thin, and fell out when the earth was removed from their bases. The band
of ' ashlar ' round the chancel, and the worked stones round the windows, were
also merely stuck on with the white mortar, and, when some of the stones of this
band were removed (being loose), it was found that some of them were merely
hollowed-out shells stuck on over some hard flints in the rubble work, which was
too hard to be chopped down. To put in new woodwork to the south doorway, it
was necessary to remove some of the quoin stones on the inside of the church, and
it was found that the Norman builders had been acting on the same lines of
preservation as we had in our repairs ; for, although much labour might have
been spared by pulling out the old sandstone quoins, they had chosen to cut the
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, xlvii.
new quoins into a V shape and build them round the old ones, this being done
with the white mortar. In underpinning the buttresses, there was found an old
' threshold ' of sandstone worn in deep grooves by long use. Of course, this
might have been brought from some other building, but it was of the proper
width for the church door. This stone, broken, is now, I believe, under the elms
east of the chancel."
A paper, by Mr. Sidney Heath, on " The Cross-legged Effigies
in Dorset," on account of the lateness of the hour, was taken as
read ; it will be printed.
The meeting was then closed.
xlviii.
FIRST SUMMER MEETING.
BRADFORD-ON-AVON AND BATH.
THE FIRST SUMMER MEETING was held at Bradford-on-Avon
and Bath, and was attended by about thirty persons. This small
party was conveyed to Bradford by two trains, the one reaching
Bradford at 11.30, the other at 12.16. The two contingents
united at the railway station, and, under the guidance of
Mr. F. Bligh Bond, F.R.I.B.A., visited many places of great
archaeological and artistic interest. Mr. Bond first led the party
to Barton Farm, where they surveyed the ancient barn, which is
170 feet in length, built of and roofed with stone. This barn
possessed remarkable interest, inasmuch as it has been continu-
ously used as a barn from the time of its erection in the early
part of the i4th century to the present, and in that period has
undergone but little change, even the fine oak-timbered roof
being the same that was originally placed upon the massive
stone walls.
The tenant of the farm, Mr. Chard, allowed the Members of
the Club to inspect the ancient room attached to the farmhouse
close by, and called the " Hall." This proved to be the solar of a
chamber of the same date as the barn, early i4th century, with
its original window, the whole being in excellent preservation.
The barn was formerly the property of the Abbey of Shaftesbury,
and, from the position of this chamber and its date, it seems
exceedingly probable that it was the residence of their agents
(perhaps two monks), who received the rents and acted generally
as the managers of the monastic property there.
Not far from the barn and chamber, and of the same date, is
an ancient bridge over the Avon.
The town is a veritable mine of architectural treasure. On
the way back to it Mr. BOND pointed out the characteristic
features of old Bradford the many terraces of gabled houses,
mostly built by Flemish weavers, who, driven to England by
religious persecution in the i5th and i6th centuries, started
BRADFORD-ON-AVON AND BATH MEETING. xlix.
the cloth-weaving business, and thus laid the foundations of the
town's prosperity. On the way the party passed the Men's
Almshouses, built in 1700 by John Hall, and dedicated "Deo el
pauperibus" Mr. Bond stated that there was a pre-Reformation
almshouse for women in another part of the town. There were
excellent specimens of domestic buildings of various dates
Elizabeth, Q. Anne, and George I.
Passing the Queen's Head Inn and other gabled buildings on
the right, the party came to the town bridge over the Avon, with
its six arches. This probably, said Mr. Bond, is also a i4th
century bridge, though perhaps of later date than the Barton
Bridge. A special feature of interest is a small chantry on one
side of the bridge and bracketed over the river on corbels.
Mr. Bond stated that the superstructure had been rebuilt, and
for the last two or three hundred years the place had been used
as the town lock-up. The corbelling below was original. There
were such chapels on bridges at Wakefield and Rotherham,
and there was also one at Bath before the bridge was pulled
down.
Crossing the bridge, the party were led through "The
Shambles," a straight and narrow thoroughfare, still named
after a meat market formerly existing there. The place is of
interest on account of two Tudor gabled houses with fine timber
fronts. An oriel window, formerly an artistic feature, has
disappeared. Mr. Bond invited the party to admire the straw-
berry-leaf carving ail round the ornamental barge-board of the
gables. He also pointed out the i5th century doorway to the
Royal Oak Inn.
The party then repaired for luncheon to the New Bear Inn,
where they were joined by the Vicar of Bradford, the Rev. S. O.
Collisson, who, after luncheon, led the way to the parish church
and gave a description of it.
The original structure, said the VICAR, was of about the year
1200, but many additions and alterations had been made at later
periods. It was the mother church of six chapelries served by
her, and also of the district of Christ Church in the town. The
1. BRADFORD-ON-AVON AND BATH MEETING.
original building consisted of a chancel, about two-thirds of the
length of the present one, nave, and tower. In the i4th century
the chancel was lengthened, in the i5th was added the present
tower, and in the i6th century two chapelries, now included in
the north aisle. There were two Norman windows on each side
of the chancel. He pointed out the Methuen monument, two
ancient recessed tombs, the unusually long hagioscope, the traces
of the rood screen, and the reredos in stone of a i5th century
altar in the aisle opposite the south porch, about which a theory
had recently been propounded that it was put up as a rest for an
Easter sepulchre. Such a position would be a very unusual one
for an Easter sepulchre, and it seems disproved by a hagioscope
now filled up but marked in a plan of the ancient church
before restoration, which hagioscope would have had no motive
if an altar had not been there. The height of the altar slab
shows that the level of the aisle, or of this portion of it, has been
raised at some time since the i5th century.
The registers began in 1579. The Elizabethan silver-gilt
chalice, of the year 1564, was recorded as the oldest in Wiltshire.
THE SAXON CHURCH.
Leaving the parish church the party repaired to the Saxon
Church of St. Lawrence close by, probably the ecchsiola attributed
to St. Aldhelm by William of Malmesbury.
Outside the building the arcading on the upper part of the
walls attracted attention. The arcading is characteristic of
Saxon and of Early Romanesque work generally. Within
Mr. COLLISSON, addressing the Club, said that this little
Saxon church was the only perfect specimen of primitive
Romanesque style, and therefore a unique example of building
in the early part of the 8th century. It brought us within
70 years of the landing of St. Birinus, the Apostle of Wessex.
William of Malmesbury, in 1120, in his Gesta Pontificum, wrote :
"To this day there is at Bradford a little church which Aldhelm
is said to have founded and dedicated to the blessed St.
BRADFORD-ON-AVON AND BATH MEETING. 11.
Lawrence." Aldhelm was abbot of Malmesbury in 670. In a
deed of 705 his small monasteries of Frome and Bradford, which
he built, were mentioned when he became Bishop of Sherborne.
The monasteries were little missionary settlements of three or
four priests. It was, therefore, concluded that the date of the
Saxon church could not be placed later than 705. This was the
opinion formed, not only by the discoverer, Canon Jones, the
late vicar of the parish, but also by Mr. E. A. Freeman, who in
1874 wrote: "Without all doubt this building of Aldhelm's."
Originally the church was cruciform. The portion missing on
the south side was clearly indicated. The line of the roof could
be seen, and the foundation walls of the ancient building were
discovered where the present buttresses had been placed, the
height and width agreeing with the porch upon the north side.
As to the dimensions of the building, the nave is 25ft. 2in. by
i3ft. ain. ; the chancel, i3ft. zin. by icft. ; and the porch,
9ft. nin. by loft. 5in. The special points of interest are the
extreme height of the building nave, 25ft. sin. ; chancel,
1 8ft. 4in. ; and porch, isft. 6in. The step down into the chancel
was peculiar, and he called attention to the narrowness of the
entrance arch 3ft. 5in. The nave arch is 8|ft. high and
2ft. loin, wide, and wider at the base than at the top. The
elevation of the chancel and nave has three stages, first plain
with the exception of pilasters cut out of the stone, some of
them on the north side having stepped bases. Then a string
course all round, and upon it an arcade consisting of pilasters
supporting arches, all cut out of the stone. The capitals and
bases of the pilasters are all quite plain. When the true nature
of the building was discovered, before which time it was
used as a free school, there was a stable and a donkey shed
on one side, and when these were pulled down a great fuss was
made in archaeological circles, it being declared that the whole
building would fall down. But such anxiety was quite needless.
Soon after he came to Bradford he found that the old roof not
the original roof, which was, he supposed, of thatch was
beginning to spread the walls outward. They had to take the
Hi. BRADFORD-ON-AVON AND BATH MEETING.
roof off; and when they examined the wall they found that it
was a double wall, with a space between. This they filled in
with cement grouting, thus making a solid wall such as to last
for all time. A problem was how to light the church. They had
had four copies made of a Roman chandelier with five sconces
in the British Museum ; but the 20 candles were quite insufficient
to light the interior.
The PRESIDENT thanked the Vicar for kindly showing the
Club his two churches, and remarked that the Saxon church was
of especial interest in the year of the celebration of the
i,2ooth anniversary of St. Aldhelm as Bishop of Sherborne.
The Club then visited "The Priory." The house, Mr. BOND
stated, dated from the reign of Henry VI., and on the upper
side of it was a barn of the same period. The house is a
curious medley of styles from Henry VI. onward ; though
called "The Priory" the house never had any connection with
any ecclesiastical establishment. At " The Chantry," the next
house visited, the Members were received by Dr. and Mrs.
Beddoe. The main portion of the house dates from Henry VIII.
to this. Inigo Jones added two rooms.
From the Chantry the party walked to the hall, a beautiful
house built in the later years of Queen Elizabeth's reign here
by the hospitality of the owner, Mr. J. Moulton, tea and fruit
were served.
By the 6.26 train the Members departed for Bath.
At 7.30 dinner was served at the Pulteney Hotel, after which
two candidates were proposed for membership.
At nine o'clock the Club visited the Municipal Buildings.
Here the Rev. C. W. Shickle, Master of St. John's Hospital and
ex-President of the Bath Field Club, and the Town Clerk
received them. In the Mayor's parlour the municipal regalia,
with the chain and seal, and maces, the two-handled sword
and loving cup were laid out for inspection. In the archives of
the Corporation are the whole of the city accounts from the 8th
3 - ear of Queen Elizabeth. A series of early and very interesting
charters was shown.
BRADFORD-ON-AVON AND BATH MEETING. liii.
After breakfast at the hotel on Wednesday morning the party
sallied forth at 9.30 and walked to the Pump-room, where they
were received by Mr. Alderman Moore, chairman of the Baths
Committee of the Corporation, who was accompanied by Mr.
A. J. Taylor, pupil of the late Major Davis, F.S.A., to whom
were due the excavations made with such interesting results at
the Roman Baths.
The Members first inspected the cases in which are arranged
many of the valuable and curious objects found during the
excavation of the Roman Baths. There is a fine series of Roman
imperial coins (reported on by Mr. E. C. Davey, F.G.S.), found
between 1879 and 1898, and covering a period of nearly 480
years, from 50 B.C. to 423 A.D., and a collection of engraved
gems found during the excavation of the wooden duct, and a
model of a portion of the Roman Baths.
After visiting the fine concert hall,
Alderman MOORE took the party to the King's Bath, the
famous mediaeval bath, which is sft. 6in. deep, and the bottom
of which is the ceiling of the Roman reservoir below it. The
central shaft of the spring enters the Roman reservoir. The
Romans, with a view to protect the water from any possible
contamination, built a wall round the spring 3ft. bin. thick.
Alderman Moore then led the party down and showed them
the old dipping place at the commencement of the Roman culvert
which conducted the waste mineral water away to the river. It
was here the ear-rings, pearl pin, dipping cups, and various
ornaments were found, having evidently been dropped by
accident into the water.
Mr. TAYLOR showed the party close by the interesting frag-
ments of the temple dedicated to Sul-Minerva. These fragments
were found in 1790 under the west end of the Pump-room. The
pediment was supported by four columns. The middle object
of the tympanum is a clipeus, or round shield, carved in relief
with the head of a gorgon, supported on either side by winged
Victories. This head, said Mr. Taylor, is pronounced to be the
finest specimen of Roman carving extant on this side of the
liv. RRADFORD-ON-AVON AND BATH MEETING.
Alps. There were two other temples on the right, one dedicated
to Selene and the other to the Four Seasons. In this latter
temple one broken stone was found in 1790, and another, which
fitted it perfectly, was not found until 1897. Mr. Taylor also
called attention to an interesting little altar to Minerva and a
head of a lady of the time of Diocletian.
The party were then conducted to a spot in the schola beside
the largest Roman bath, and, having seated themselves, were
addressed by Alderman MOORE. They were, he said, standing
on classic ground. Roman Bath was strictly circumscribed in
area, being not more than a quarter of a mile in diameter. The
names Westgate Street, Northgate Street, and Southgate Street
served to keep alive the fact of old entrances to the city. The
bath that they were looking at was the principal one of a series
of five running in a line, and it was the finest Roman bath north
of the Alps. After the roof had fallen in the debris washed down
from the hills surrounding the city filled the bath up and covered
it to a considerable height. The Poor Law Union Office was in
latter days built over the site. The discovery of the bath was
made by Major Davis on going under the house to underpin the
foundations, which had been found to be unstable. The bottom
of the bath was covered with lead, in sheets of loft, by 5ft., and
weighing 4olb. to the foot.
Bath from early times had drawn its fresh water from St.
Winifred's Well, under Lansdown, and this cool spring water
was laid on by the Romans to the hot baths and used by them
as a douche and for drinking. Bracelets, safety and other pins,
ear-rings, and amulets had been found at the drinking-place. It
was supposed, judging by the coins found, that the baths were
begun in the reign of Claudius, just after he came from England.
Full-length statues of eight of the Roman Emperors and
Generals who came to Britain had been erected over the schola,
the series running from Julius Caesar to Constantine. At the
time when the bath was uncovered, Alderman Moore continued,
he happened to be Hon. Secretary of a flourishing Bath Micro-
scopical Society. On examining the sediment in the bath, he
BRADFORD-ON-AVON AND BATH MEETING. Iv.
detected the presence of certain minute shells, and sent
specimens to Professor Rimmer, the author of " Fresh Water
Molluscs," who pronounced the opinion that they were found
only in brackish water. This raised the interesting question
whether the bore ever came up the Avon. It had hitherto been
considered that it did not. Mr. Taylor led the way to the third
bath of the series, a circular margin quartered into arcs by flights
of steps leading down into the waters, and he then conducted
the party to the remains of the hot-air room. He pointed out
the hypocaust, the piles of flat brick tiles, cemented together,
which supported the floor. The furnaces were near.
Before leaving the baths the PRESIDENT returned the thanks
of the Club to Alderman Moore and Mr. Taylor for their kind
offices.
The party were then conducted to
THE ABBEY CHURCH,
where they were received by the Rector, Prebendary Boyd, who
related the well-known story of the religious foundations of
Bath.
Religious sites, said Canon BOYD, show a tendency to be
permanent, and there was much to be said in favour of
the theory that the Abbey stood on the site occupied by the
Temple of Minerva in Roman times. In 676, their first great
date, Osric founded a nunnery in Bath. Secular canons replaced
the nuns in 775. In 970 Dunstan established a Benedictine
Priory here. Three years later King Edgar, who had been
reigning a few years, was hallowed as King by Dunstan in the
priory church. In 1088 John de Villula, or John of Tours, the
first Bishop of Bath, set to work to build a fine cathedral in Bath,
extending from the west wall, as they saw it now, to a consider-
able distance towards the Empire Hotel. Fifty years afterwards
there was a destructive fire, and they found Bishop Robert in
1137 rebuilding the church. It was doubtful whether we saw
to-day the remains of Bishop Robert's cathedral or of the
Ivi. BRADFORD-ON-AVON AKD BATH MEETING.
previous one of John de Villula. The monastic buildings were
on the south side of the abbey, but they had gone entirely.
After 1242 the Canons of Wells, whose church had begun to
rise, showed much jealousy of the eminence hitherto enjoyed by
Bath, and whenever the Bishopric became vacant there was a
strife between them who should appoint the Bishop. Some-
times he was appointed by Bath and sometimes by Wells.
There were appeals and much litigation, whereby the 40 monks
of Bath were reduced to a state of perpetual involuntary poverty,
and were not able to keep up their great cathedral church.
It, therefore, became an utter ruin, and so continued for
two hundred years. In 1499 the Bishop of Bath and
Wells, as the title had been since 1244, was Dr. Oliver
King, whose rebus, an olive tree springing out of a crown,
was to be seen on the abbey walls. Tradition had it
that he dreamed a dream, in which he saw a ladder set up to
heaven from earth, and angels ascending and descending it, and
was exhorted to restore the church. He acted upon the
suggestion of the dream, and the vision was commemorated in
the carving of the ladder and heavenly host on the west front.
The plan for the re-edification of that ancient church was
carried out mainly by William Bird, who also built the chantry,
quite the most interesting architectural feature of the church.
The delicate fan tracery and vaulting was similar to that of the
choir. The church had always been dedicated to SS. Peter and
Paul. It was reconsecrated about 1592. The beautiful vaulting
of the nave, to correspond with the chancel vaulting, which was
pre -Reformation, was carried out between the years 1864 and
1871 by Prebendary Kemble and Sir Gilbert Scott, replacing as
it did the waggon roof of plaster and wood. The length of the
abbey now was 225 feet. The numbers of weeks and months
of the year and days of the week were signified by the 52
windows, the 12 columns, and seven doors. The church was
of fine proportions. He pointed out, as worthy of the admira-
tion of the Club, the magnificent east and west windows,
and the clerestory windows, of great size and elegance. Canon
BRADFORD-ON-AVON AND BATH MEETING. Ivii.
Boyd led the party round the church, pointing out divers objects
of special interest, particularly the monuments, in which the
abbey is notably rich, richer indeed, it is said, than any such
building in England save the great sanctuary of Westminster.
The party noticed the medallion bust of the actor Quin, who
is buried in the abbey, with the dedicatory lines by his
compeer Garrick ; the canopied tomb of Sir William Waller,
who commanded the Parliamentary forces at the battle of
Lansdown ; the mural tablet to Malthus, author of the famous
essay on " Population ; " Lieut. Willoughby, who blew up the
magazine at Delhi ; and the monuments to Alan, Lord Gardner;
to Beau Nash, the King of Fashion and controller of ceremonies
at Bath until his death in 1761 at the age of 87; to William
Bingham, by Flaxman ; and to Mary, third daughter of Richard
Frampton, of Moreton another name familiar to Dorset folk
and Jane, his wife, with a long panegyric by Dryden.
After luncheon at the hotel the party, under the guidance of
Mr. T. S. Bush, visited the Museum, which contains a large
quantity of Roman antiquities and also geological, palseonto-
logical, mineral, and ornithological collections. The Club
were received by the Rev. H. H. Winwood, Chairman of the
Museum Committee, and Mr. Davy, the Secretary. From this
museum they walked, accompanied by Messrs. Winwood, Bush,
and Davy, to the Holburne Art Museum, and from thence to the
Royal Victoria Park and Botanic Gardens ; the Park contains
specimens of almost every British tree, and also many foreign
ones.
The party returned to the hotel for tea, and dispersed shortly
before six o'clock.
Iviii.
SECOND SUMMER MEETING.
POOLE AND BROWNSEA ISLAND MEETING.
THE SECOND SUMMER MEETING was held at Poole and
Brownsea Island on Tuesday, August 8th. There was an
unusually large attendance of Members, no less than 164 cards
having been sent out.
POOLE.
The Club found in Mr. J. Robey Eldridge, Hon. Secretary of
the Poole Natural History Society, and Mr. W. K. Gill highly
competent guides. The latter conducted the large party down
West Quay Road, towards the West Shore. On the way a short
halt was called in front of the Almshouse, built in 1816 by
George Garland, a wealthy Newfoundland merchant, the same
who, on the occasion of the great feast in 1814, presented "One
honest plum pudding of one hundredweight " towards the great
feast held in Poole Street. For a long time, Mr. GILL informed
the party, the merchants of Poole enjoyed the best of the trade
with Newfoundland, exporting cloth and varied goods and
importing fish, sealskins, oil, &c. All the trade was done on
the truck system, and the merchants of Poole grew rich by
buying wholesale the goods which they exported and selling
them in Newfoundland retail, and buying wholesale the goods
which they imported in exchange and retailing them here.
Further down the party passed the front of the house built in
1746 by Sir Peter Thompson, a Poole merchant, who did a
large trade with Hamburg, and who had been knighted the year
before. It was a good example of a Georgian house, and still
bears the Arms of Sir Peter over it. Poole is rich in old
merchants' houses ; most of them have been vulgarised, but Sir
Peter's house is now Lady Wimborne's "Cornelia Hospital,"
and thus devoted to a noble purpose. The most ancient
almshouses of Poole were next pointed out. They were
originally built in the reign of Henry V., and were long the
POOLE AND BROWNSEA ISLAND MEETING. lix.
property of the St. George's Guild. They passed to the Crown
in 1547, and were purchased for the Corporation in 1550. Thus,
though doubtless they have been rebuilt more than once since
they were first built, they have been devoted to the use of the
poor for over 500 years.
The party were then led to a portion of an ancient stone wall,
which is said to have been part of the wall built for the defence
of the town. This seems to the writer to have been not
improbable.
The next halting place was at the
TOWN CELLARS.
Here a discussion arose, which was continued at the Town
Hall, as to whether this building was originally part of a
monastic establishment, or was an ancient building devoted to
secular uses.
The debate may be thus summarised.
As to the date of the building, Mr. W. MILES BARNES said
that, judging from the architecture, it was originally built in the
i4th century, and had undergone extensive repairs in the i5th
century. The windows at the back of the building were of that
period, and there had been a window of that period inserted in
the front facing them.
Mr. MATE believed the building was a portion of some
monastic establishment. It was formerly much longer than at
present, and the part pulled down some 25 years ago, when the
new buildings were erected, had fittings of an ecclesiastical
character. He considered that it was undoubtedly connected
with a religious foundation, probably the Priory of Bradenstoke
(Wilts), founded by Walter de Salisburie in the i2th century, to
which the houses of Poole and Canford were attached.
The Rev. F. W. GALPIN thought that it was in favour of
Mr. Mate's theory that there is a " Paradise " Street bounding
the building on the south, while on the north is "Salisbury"
Street, and that the old part, now pulled down, was described in
l.X. POOLE AND fcROWNSEA ISLAND MEETING.
records of the lyth century as "Paradise" Cellar. This name
is suggestive, as a " Paradise" was a place to which the monks,
after hard fasting and penance, were allowed to retire for rest,
refreshment, and recreation. The "Paradise" of the great
Benedictine house at Canterbury still remains, and the site of
an old building and garden adjacent to the Priory of Hatfield
Regis (Essex) is even now locally known as " Paradise."
Mr. GILL said there was an utter lack of record of any
monastic foundation at Poole. There is no mention of a friary
or of any other monastic establishment at Poole in Dugdale or
in Tanner, or in the Taxalio Ecclesiastica of Pope Nicolas.
Father Gasquet has the following note in the Appendix to
Vol. I. of his " English Monasteries " : " Poole 'a friary.' No
friary, the grant 3 Ed. VI. seems to have been of guild property."
The property had always been and was manor property. There
was no record of alienation or resumption.
Mr. BARNES remarked that, if there was no record of a
monastic establishment at Poole, it seemed almost conclusive
evidence that there had been nothing of the kind there.
On leaving the Town Cellars, the company were courteously
received and welcomed by the Mayor at the Town Hall. The
PRESIDENT expressed the thanks of the Field Club to the Mayor
for the use of the Hall and his kind reception of them, and also
to Mr. Gill for the delightful manner in which he had acted as
their guide.
The large party then mounted the vehicles, which were drawn
up on each side of the Hall, and were driven through Poole Park
to Sandbanks, at the extremity of which they were set down
before the Haven Hotel. Here luncheon was served, after which
a meeting was held on the terrace outside the hotel. The only
business transacted was the election of twelve persons to the
membership and the nomination of three candidates for member-
ship. Mr. ALFRED POPE then made an appeal, on behalf of the
Museum Council, for contributions towards defraying the cost
of raising and relaying on the floor of the County Museum the
mosaic pavement lately found in Durngate Street, Dorchester.
POOLE AND BROWNSEA ISLAND MEETING. 1X1.
BROWNSEA ISLAND.
Then it was time to repair to the little pier close by to cross
over the channel to Brownsea Castle. Messrs. Ashton and
Kilner's steam launch had been engaged to ferry the party over,
and a large barge was taken in tow ; but so large was the
number that the crossing would have taken some time, had not
Mr. and Mrs. Van Raalte most kindly and thoughtfully expedited
the passage of their guests by sending their steam yacht and
steam pinnace to supplement the hired boats.
On landing, the party received a gracious welcome from Mr.
and Mrs. Van Raalte, and were conducted to a spacious terrace
beneath the Castle and overlooking an Italian garden, exceed-
ingly beautiful in its summer garb and wealth of colour. Here
Mr. VAN RAALTE read the paper on the history of Brownsea
Island, which is printed at the end of the volume.
The PRESIDENT, in thanking Mr. Van Raalte, expressed
pleasure at the fact that in his paper he had dealt with the
natural history of the Island as well as its matters of general
history and archaeology ; and he took occasion to refer to the
catalogue of the botany of the Island made 150 years ago.
Mr. Van Raalte then conducted the party over the Island.
They visited first the battery of five guns, supposed to have been
brought from the Royal Frederick, and, as evidence thereof,
bearing the initials R. F. on their trunnions. The hill on which
the battery is stationed has been lowered ; had this not been
done, the battery would have commanded the Castle. When
carrying out some alterations to the square tower of the Castle
three ancient cannon balls (j-pounders) were found embedded
in the wall.
From the battery the party strolled through a pine wood
above the sea and across a pleasant grassy glade to the church
a new one, but containing much that was old and interesting.
In the churchyard is a finely-sculptured Italian well-head, now
used as a memorial stone. The well-head is cut in Appenine
limestone, and is reputed to be very old. If that is the case, it
Ixii. POOLE AND fiROWNSEA ISLANt) MEETING.
was probably not long in use as a well-head, for there are no
rope marks upon it. Within the church is much oak panelling
from Crossby Hall, Cardinal Wolsey's palace.
Leaving the church, the Members were led through a beautiful
garden glowing in colour, between rows of herbaceous plants,
and of roses and creepers stretching in long festoons from one
rustic pole to another, thence along the wooded bank of a
stream, and through a plantation from whence a glimpse could
be obtained of deer not far away to the freshwater lakes. The
party then returned to the Castle and inspected the fine
collection of ancient musical instruments, ranged in groups
upon the walls of the hall according to the class to which they
belonged. The collection included a portative organ of the
1 5th century, a virginal of the time of Queen Elizabeth, a spinet,
a harpsichord, harps, lutes, lyres, and other stringed instruments.
The wood wind included a serpent, a favourite instrument in the
village church bands of Dorset. Tea was then served to the
large party on the terrace of the castle, and the guests, after
hearty expressions of appreciation of the kindness and hospitality
of Mr. and Mrs. Van Raalte, took their leave and re-embarked,
raising a hearty cheer for their hosts as the boats left the
landing stage. The carriages were in waiting at Sandbanks,
and the Members were soon on their way to the station for the
return journey.
FRAGMENT OF WAYSIDE CROSS, LANGTON HERRING.
Ixiii.
THIRD SUMMER MEETING.
CHESIL BEACH AND FLEET MEETING.
THE LAST OUTDOOR MEETING of the season was held on
Thursday, September i4th.
The meeting attracted a large number of persons ; ninety
assembled at the Weymouth Railway Station, from whence the
start was made at 10.30. The first halt was made at Langton
Cross to inspect the remains of an ancient wayside cross.
Here Mr. A. POPE, who is gathering materials for a work on
the crosses of Dorset, read the following paper :
LANGTON HEEBING CEOSS.
This is the remains of a fine old Latin cross hewn out of one solid block of
Portland or Ridgway stone firmly embedded in the ground, and, judging from
the bold chamfered edges both to the shaft and the arms and the general design,
it would probably be considered 14th century work.
It will be noticed that the top or head of the cross has been broken off, and
that the arms, particularly the right, have been somewhat damaged, and that the
whole is much weather-worn and covered with moss and lichen, which adds
considerably to its venerable appearance.
I have been unable to discover any lettering or ornament of any kind upon the
stone.
I have taken very careful measurements, and I find that the length of the shaft
from the ground to where broken off is 3ft. 2in. It is embedded in the ground
1ft. Tin. (as ascertained by the late Major William Sparks), making together
4ft. 9in.
The transom, or arms, measure 1ft. 7in.
The shaft at the bottom is llin. square, tapering to 9in. at the top.
The chamfering, which is both before and behind, is unusually bold, and
measures 2f in.
The cross faces towards the south, inclining slightly towards the west, and
before the deeply -excavated road to Portesham was made would have stood up
much more prominently than it appears at present.
It stands in the direct route from Weymouth to the ancient Abbey of Abbots-
bury and St. Catherine's Chapel, at the junction of the roads from Laugtou and
Portesham to Weymouth.
Ixiv. CHESJL BEACH AND FLEET MEETING.
So far for description of the stone. Let us now consider to what uses this
venerable cross may have been put in ages gone by and the reasons for its
erection.
Crosses, as is well known, are our earliest symbols of Christianity ; no objects
in our island belonging to historic times are older. They were erected as
memorials to the dead, and for preaching and praying purposes before each
parish had its chapel or church. The markets in our country towns and villages
were held around or under them, and all important notices, and often banns of
marriage, were proclaimed from them. They served as guide posts, where the
weary wayfarer might rest and breathe his evening prayer, and as boundary or
bond marks, where the reverence paid to the cross in early times would be an
efficient guard against encroachments. Many of the possessions of religious
houses had their boundaries so denned, as evidenced by records wherein these are
named, and that not always by crosses set up for the purpose, but by adopting
those already existing.
This cross, then, it may be safely surmised, was set up for one of these two
latter purposes, or possibly for both.
It may have been a guide mark and praying station for those pilgrims landing
at Weymouth and journeying to the Monastery of St. Catherine's Chapel at
Abbotsbury, and, on reference to the map, it will be found that it is in the
direct route and about half-way between that port and the Abbey ; or it may
have served as a boundary mark of the Abbey lands, for which no further use
was required when the Monastery was dissolved and deprived of her possessions.
In the absence of direct proof, either of these hypotheses must be merely
conjecture, and I must leave you, ladies and gentlemen, to form your own
opinions as to the original use of this ancient monument.
The brakes were then driven on to Langton Herring, and the
party were received at the church by the Rector, the Rev. W. O.
Cockcraft, who showed them over the church. The Rev. W.
MILES BARNES supplementing the remarks of the Rector,
observed that the church was originally built in the i3th
century. Of that date the tower remained almost intact, al-
though a coping of later date had been added to the top of it.
There were also two lancet windows of the same date, as well
as some of the walling. They would observe two brackets in
the east wall ; these he thought, had been moved from their
original position, which, however, was not far off; they
supported images of S. Mary and S. Peter, the patron saint of
the church, and it would be observed that on the face of one
of them crossed keys, the emblem of S. Peter, were carved.
CHESIL BEACH AND FLEET MEETING. Ixv.
THE GEOLOGY OF THE DISTRICT.
Leaving the little village of Langton the party crossed the
fields to the coastguard station, a distance of a mile and a-
quarter, profiting on the way by the guidance of Mr. Hudleston,
the eminent geologist, and Mr. Bowles Barrett, the first
authority on the botany of the district. Going down into a
small quarry Mr. Hudleston showed his followers a typical
section of the Forest Marble, the characteristic of which is a
number of false-bedded lime-stones, not true stratigraphically,
but dipping into a mass of clay. On reaching the Fleet, Mr.
Hudleston, standing on the top of the great oyster bank of the
Fuller's Earth formation which projects into the Fleet, addressed
the members as follows :
I consider that this would be the most appropriate place for making a few
remarks on the geology of the immediate district. The President pointed out
last year at Osmington the important feature of the great anticlinal known as
the Weymouth Saddle. The party are now standing on the very axis of that
saddle, since from the Fuller's Earth, which you see in front of you, the several
formations which constitute the Weymouth triangle dip away from this dome on
either side. The existence of the Fuller's Earth at this particular spot was first
discovered by Damon, the well-known geologist of Weymouth. Though it
attains its maximum development of 150 feet in the West of Dorset, the formation
was first named Fuller's Earth more than 100 years ago from its containing in
the neighbourhood of Bath the material known as Fuller's earth, which from its
property of absorbing grease was used by clothmakers in the operation of
" fulling." It is essentially a marine formation, and in some places contains
ammonites, though not here. Clays are the predominant feature, and this great
clay formation may be traced northwards through the Cotteswolds, thinning all
the way until it appears to merge in the Stonesfield-slate of Oxfordshire. In this
district the Fuller's Earth is characterised by thick banks of oysters such as the
one we are now inspecting. This is not a mere shell-drift, but rather represents
an oyster-bank, such as occurs in water several fathoms deep of existing seas.
The particular oyster which makes up this bank is a very narrow form, less
curved on the whole than the typical Ostrea acimtinata to which it is referred.
Specimens with both valves in apposition are abundant and well preserved, and
the variety of form is very considerable, some specimens being modified by
attachment. The next formation in order of time to which the programme
alludes is the Forest Marble, and here again we meet with an anomaly in
geological nomenclature so far as this district is concerned, for there is no forest
here, neither is there any marble in the quarries. The Forest Marble of Dorset,
which is probably about 120 feet thick at its maximum, is very clayey and marly,
Ixvi. CHESIL BEACH AND FLEET MEETING.
yet with a considerable irregular distribution of flaggy false-bedded limestones
often characterised by flattened fossils and fragments of oysters in fact a flaggy
shell-limestone. It is essentially a shallow marine formation, and may be traced
into Oxfordshire, where some of the flaggy limestones in Wychwood Forest are
hard enough to take a polish ; hence the term Forest Marble. One of the objects
of the excursion should be to endeavour to find the junction between the Fuller's
Earth and the Forest Marble.
It has been laid down by the Geological Surveyors that the actual base of the
Forest Marble in this district is a rich fossil-bed, about two feet thick, known as
the JtJiynchoHclIa-bed from the abundance of Rhynch. various. But there are
plenty of other fossils in this bed ; and this makes the north shore of Herby-
leigh, just opposite, capital ground for the collector. But these are merely
fossils that have fallen from the little cliff on to the shore. What we want to do
is to locate the bed itself, and so to prove its relations to the underlying Fuller's
Earth, of which about 26 feet are said to be displayed in the section on the
north coast of Herbyleigh. So far we have dealt with facts, but now eomes a
bit of speculation. The geologist is bound to ask what has become of that fine
limestone formation, the Great or Bath Oolite, in the midst of this mass of
clays and marls and calcareous flags? We should expect to find it at the
junction of the Fuller's Earth and Forest Marble, but its non-appearance is not
altogether unexpected, for we know that a few miles south of Bradford the
Great Oolite, as a distinct limestone formation, has thinned out to a feather-
edge, and thus Dorset is deprived of the finest building stone of Bathonian
age. The question then naturally arises, does any portion of the Forest Marble
of Dorset represent the great Oolite. Perhaps the Bradford Encrinite
(Apiocrinits Parkinsoni) may serve to throw some light on the subject. This
fossil, as we know, is characteristic of the Bradford clay, which is generally
regarded as the basal member of the Forest Marble in that part of Wiltshire.
The position of the Bradford Encrinite in the Forset Marble of Dorset is,
therefore, a matter of importance. The President has frequently found its
remains on the south coast of Herbyleigh, but not, I believe, on the north coast.
(Assent on the part of the President.) Hence we may conclude that the
Rhi/Hchoiiella-'beii, which is held to be the base of the Forest Marble in this
district, does not represent the Bradford Clay, but that we must look for the
equivalent of the Bradford Clay higher up in the Forest Marble series of Dorset.
Tliis view seems to correspond with the general section of the Forest Marble
of this county as given by Mr. H. B. Woodward, who places the position of the
Bradford Encrinite almost in the middle of the series. If, therefore, the
equivalents of the Bradford Clay are to be sought in the middle of the Dorset
Forest Marble, may not the lower portions, including the RhynekoneUa-lxd,
partially represent the Great Oolite of the Cotteswolds ? Mr. Hudleston concluded
by expressing a hope that members might secure a good bag of fossils from
Herbyleigh, but time did not admit of this. If, he said, a boring was made at
this spot we should, after passing through a hundred feet of Fuller's Earth,
come upon the Inferior Oolite.
CHESIL BEACH AND FLEET MEETING. Ixvii.
After Mr. HORACE W. MONCKTON, past President of the
Geologists' Association, had spoken, the members and their
friends embarked from an improvised jetty in boats provided by
fishermen and coastguardsmen, and were ferried over the Fleet
in them to the Chesil Beach. Here lunch was taken, after
which Mr. W. BOWLES BARRETT read a paper on "The
Flora of the Chesil Bank and Fleet," which will be printed in
full.
On the conclusion of the paper, the PRESIDENT observed that
this was a part of the coast little known, and they had reason to
congratulate themselves on having Mr. Bowles Barrett with
them to tell them all that he had told. The Club held a
meeting there 17 years ago, crossing over at a point further
down the Fleet, and on that occasion their first President, the
late Mr. J. C. Mansel-Pleydell, told them about the plants.
Chara alopecuroides was called in the report of their then
" Proceedings " Lamproihamnus alopecuroides. Mr. Barrett was
the original discoverer of it here in 1889, and concluded that it
must grow in the Fleet. He and Mr. Richardson accompanied
Mr. Mansel-Pleydell when he went to the Swannery to try to
re-discover it. They fished about for several hours and found
absolutely nothing, except common weeds ; but at last by good
fortune they hit upon that beautiful little foxtail Chara ; and
then they found it growing in patches in large quantities right
up at that end of the Fleet. He had a vivid remembrance of
Mr. Mansel-Pleydell's extreme delight at the success which
attended their search.
The party then made their way towards the spot from which
they were to cross to Herbyleigh, botanizing by the way, the
prize falling to the lot of the Hon. Mrs. Evelyn Cecil, who
secured a specimen of Limonium occidentale a plant which has
not been recorded as found on the beach since 1876.
After re-crossing the water Mr. C. E. A. GEORGE, at the
invitation of the President, addressing the members, gave an
account of the Fleet, and especially of the tides which rise and
fall in it.
Ixviii. CHESIL BEACH AND FLEET MEETING.
Mr. GEOEGE said that the Fleet was eight miles long, five-eighths of a mile
wide at its widest part, by Fleet old Church, and at its narrowest, near Wyke
Kegis, only about a hundred yards in width. That narrow part continued about
half-a-mile, and by the Ferry Bridge it was a narrow neck. At the boathouse
the width of the water was 250 yards. The bottom was mostly of mud, and on
the average there would be about three feet of it. There were also gravel, rock,
and stones. The whole of the Fleet water was salt. The amount of fresh water
flowing in from Eodden brook and a little stream by Fleet House was so small
that it had scarcely any appreciable effect in reducing the brininess. He was
approached not very long ago with a proposal for enclosing certain portions of the
Fleet with a view to obtaining gold. He had not known or imagined before that
the Fleet water was a gold mine (laughter) but it seemed that there were
works near Hayling Island, worked on the principle of enclosure and deposit.
So far nothing had come of the proposal. The greatest rise of tide about that
part would be from six inches to four feet, just at the boathouse. In rough
weather the sea flew over the top of the Chesil Beach in big showers, and one
could see the spray falling into the Fleet water. It was, he believed, an
established fact that the sea at high tide in rough weather came through the
beach and largely affected the tide. It percolated through the beach and raised
the tide' to the extent of a foot or two feet more than the average. In the
memorable gale of 1824 the tides were so high whether it was a tidal wave or
not he did not know that it actually rose to old Fleet Church, although it was
about 20 feet above the level of the Fleet water, and partially destroyed the
church and several cottages. The nave was swept entirely away and only the
chancel left standing. Locally it was always called, not the great storm of 1824,
but the " outrage " certainly an expressive term. One old man who died
recently told him that he escaped from his cottage with the greatest difficulty.
The water was very shallow. The bottom was almost flat ; but there were a few
holes, some 12 or 15 feet deep. Eels were very abundant in the Fleet water, and
also occasionally gray mullet. A few years ago some oyster beds were started at
the entrance by Lord Uchester ; but he did not think that they were now much
used. Even in that water, in rough weather and high tides, boats found great
difficulty in getting across the Fleet, especially the flat-bottomed boats. He had
known cases in which they had to bale as hard as they could to keep afloat and
to get across. As to the height of the tides, they got a week of low tide and a
week of high tide, according to the state of the moon. In a great frost, when
the ice broke up, the weed that stuck to it was carried out, leaving the bottom
bare. The question was raised whether it would be possible to have a ridge of
stones or a breakwater across the Fleet so as to prevent the water going out when
it came in. The weed grew again, and he took it that to a great extent it
impeded the movement of the tide, and tended to retain the water. The Fleet
water in that part was to his mind absolutely safe for boating ; but at the lower
part, owing to the curious holes and currents, it was none too safe, at any rate
for cliildren. The tide rose in the Fleet when the sea in the Channel was falling,
CHESIL BEACH AND FLEET MEETING. Ixix.
so that often it would be high tide in the Fleet and low tide in the outer sea.
The level of the beach was about 40 feet above mean water at Liverpool. A
most interesting experiment would be to pierce the top of the beach through the
pebbles to see what was the thickness of the layers of pebbles before coming to
the solid clay.
The party then divided, one section taking the road by the
shore below Fleet House; the other, led by Mr. Hudleston,
went another way to see the fossil beds, their chief object being
to locate the precise position of the Rhynchonella-\)e&. This,
however, could not be done in the limited time at the disposal
of the party.
On the drive to Montevideo a halt was made to enable the
Club to see old Fleet Church. The Rev. W. MILES BARNES
repealed the story of the wave which ruined the church, and
gave some account of the Mohun brasses still in the ruined
church.
THE MONTEVIDEO COLLECTIONS.
The large party were most kindly received and hospitably
entertained by the Presidenc and Mrs. Richardson.
After the long drive and walk the excellent tea provided was
most acceptable.
After tea the PRESIDENT addressed the members.
A business meeting was then held, at which three candidates
were elected members and 13 proposed for membership.
Then the party dispersed over the house to inspect the various
valuable collections moths and minerals, fossils and shells,
china and pictures, books and miscellaneous curiosities. The
visitors were deeply interested in the type specimen of Cimolio-
saurus Richatdsoni, the Jurassic saurian found in 1887 in a
neighbouring brickfield in the Oxford Clay, put together at the
cost of infinite pains by Mr. and Mrs. Richardson, and described
by Mr. Lydekker as a new species. The reptile was inspected
in the library, and in the same room was Steneosaurus, also from
the Oxford Clay of Chickerell. At the end of the dining-room
1XX. CHESIL BEACH AND FLEET MEETING.
hung a fine pair of horns of the Irish elk, the span of the antlers
being no less than 12 feet. Admiration was evoked by the
cases of butterflies and moths, all most beautifully mounted. Of
the smaller moths Mr. Richardson has made a special study.
The rare series of English Bibles, beginning with the first
English Bible of 1535, were alone worth a journey to see, and
the visitors were delighted with the exquisite service of
Worcester china, painted and decorated by Mrs. Richardson
with marvellous beauty and accuracy and delicacy of detail.
Then, while the party sat in chairs on the lawn, the PRESIDENT
gave an interesting account of the numerous, perhaps we ought
rather to say innumerable, objects of rarity and interest which
his home contains. The portions of his paper which are not
already printed in the " Proceedings " are given below, but for
further particulars with regard to Cimoliosaurus Richardsoni, the
head of the Irish elk, and the butterflies and moths, reference
should be made to Vol. XIX., p. 154, where the description of
the collections is given in full on the occasion of the last visit of
the Club to Montevideo. He said :
For the third time I have the honour of welcoming the members of the Dorset
Field Club to Montevideo, and I need not say how much pleasure it gives both
Mrs. Richardson and myself to see you here to-day. The former visits were
made on August 16th, 1888, and July 15th, 1897 ; so that this being September
14th, 1905, those who have been present on the three occasions will have seen
the neighbourhood at three different times of year. I propose briefly to call
attention to some of the few " objects of interest " the house contains, without,
however, going into scientific details. As this has been chiefly a geological
meeting I will begin with fossils, and would mention first the large fossil
Cimoliosaitnai Sichardsoni, which is displayed in the library on tables lying on its
back, so as to show its large coracoid or breast bones, except that I have put a
very few of the vertebrae the right way up to show the neural spines. It is
figured in Volume X. of our "Proceedings" at page 171. (See also "Proceed-
ings " XIX., 154.) In the same room is a crocodile (Steneosaiintu}, also from the
Oxford Clay of Chickerell, showing the head, the vertebral column, and a few
teeth and scales. Also an Oxford Clay fish from Chickerell (figured " Proceed-
ings " XVIII., 150) (PhoMophoriis), not considered by Mr. A. Smith Wood-
ward, F.R.S., sufficiently perfect for description, though there are two other
fragments in the British Museum of probably the same species, mine, however,
being the only one that contains any teeth. A spine of Astcracanthm, which
CHESIL BEACH AND FLEET MEETING. Ixxi.
was situated in the dorsal fin of this shark-like fish, is from Lyme Regis, and
the various vertebrae are those of different local species of saurians, named by
Mr. Lydekker. There is also a tooth of Cimoliosaurm Portlandicus, which
appears to be very rare, as I do not see one mentioned in the British Museum
catalogue. There are some other local and miscellaneous fossils in boxes, but
not properly arranged. One box contains portions of Apiocrinites rotundus,
the pear encrinite from the Forest Marble beds we have visited to-day, and
there are others from the Oxford Clay, Fuller's Earth, and elsewhere. Anyone
who devoted himself seriously to it might make a large collection within a few
miles of this house. In connection with fossils I would refer to the fine pair of
horns of the Irish elk at the end of the dining-room (see "Proceedings"
XIX., 156), which, measured along the horns, give a span of 12 feet and show
16 tines. On the tables in the dining-room are spread out a selection of
drawers of butterflies and moths from my cabinets. Out of about 2,160
British species I possess in my collection about 1,940 (or probably more than
20,000 specimens), which include most of those that are practically obtainable.
(See "Proceedings" XIX., 157.) One of the smallest moths, Nepticula
auromarginella (" Proceedings " XI., 174), has never been found outside
the parish of Chickerell, and, as it is now a good many years since I dis-
covered it, entomologists have had every opportunity for finding it elsewhere.
There are several species of moths confined to Dorset, amongst them one
described as Tinea subtilella in our "Proceedings" ("Proceedings" XII.,
161), which was discovered as a British species by Mrs. Richardson at
Portland. I only know of one other lady who has made a similar dis-
covery. A few insects of other orders are placed in the dining room to
illustrate the different forms, but of these I have only a very small collection.
Amongst other natural history objects I may allude to a collection of foreign
shells in 44 drawers upstairs, of which I have only been able to put out one or
two drawers, but the others can be seen by anyone who wishes. There are also
several cabinets of minerals (including a drawer of crystals of selenite from the
Oxford Clay here and a fine crystal of calcite from Derbyshire weighing 151b.)
and miscellaneous articles in the same room over the drawing room, which is our
general work room and museum. There are also two cases of stuffed birds of
paradise of eight species from the New Guinea district. All are rare, the one
with the long black tail (Axtrapla nigra) being especially so. Besides their
beautiful metallic colours they have usually strange tufts of feathers, or flowing
trains or curiously -shaped tails. These are all male birds, the females being
comparatively dull and ordinary looking. There is another case containing a
turkey's skeleton made by myself, an Aptenjx from New Zealand, and an
Ornithorhynchus from Australia, in which should be noticed the spur on the hind
leg. This spur is perforated like a viper's tooth and has a gland at the base
which appears to secrete a poisonous fluid. To turn now from nature to art.
You will see upstairs on the landing a case containing an interesting series of
English Bibles, about which you will find more detailed information in the labels
Ixxii. CHESIL BEACH AND FLEET MEETING.
and the pamphlet lying outside. The most important steps in the evolution of
our present English Bible are six in number and are here illustrated, five of them
by the first editions respectively of the Bibles referred to. First, we have the
first English Bible of all, published by Miles Coverdale in 1535, which stands out
in importance from all the rest, and on which all the others are more or less
founded. Secondly, Thomas Matthew's Bible of 1537, the real author being John
Rogers, the first martyr under Queen Mary. This bears on its title page the
words " Set forth by the King's most gracious lycence," and is therefore the first
authorised edition. Thirdly, the Great Bible of 1539, from which our Prayer
Book Psalms are taken, they having been inserted in the first Prayer Books and
remained without alteration. Of this I have not the first edition to show you,
but the edition of November, 1540, which is very similar. Fourthly, the
Genevan or Breeches Bible, which was very popular, and passed through very
many, nearly 100, editions, large and small. Out of eight I possess I exhibit
the first edition of 1560, a rare book, though some of the editions are compar-
atively common. This is the first Bible divided into verses. Fifthly, the Bishop's
Bible, first edition, 1568, and, sixthly, the present Authorised edition, of which
I exhibit a fine copy of the first issue of 1811. I have various other early
Bibles and Testaments, amongst which I would mention one of the earliest
Testaments of Tindale of 1536, in another case, an interesting little
book with wood cuts, which most of these Bibles also possess.
There are a few early printed books from 1468 onwards, and MSS.,
including one of Isaiah of about 1225, a little book of statutes in the original
binding, of about 1330, a beautifully-executed Book of Hours, about 1400,
unfortunately cut down, some old deeds from the first year of Edward II.,
including a series of the pictorial ones from Charles II. to Victoria. I have
placed labels to many of the books, &c., which give further particulars. There
are several cabinets of china in different rooms, which contain, in most instances,
small specimens which illustrate the different English factories existing in the
18th century. There are specimens also illustrating a considerable number of the
Continental factories of that period, of which many, especially German and
Dutch ones, were very short lived. The secretaire in the corner of the dining-
room contains, amongst other things, a set of dessert plates and some other pieces
painted and decorated by Mrs. Richardson and there is also a vase of hers in the
large cabinet in the same room. I mention this, as some of those present have
kindly expressed a wish to see them. There is a good piece of Urbino majolica,
about 1530, over the mantelpiece, and a dish by the celebrated potter Palissy in
the large cabinet of about the same date. In the hall an interesting old inscribed
Italian dish hangs (date about 1460) ; and a beautiful jewelled Sevres jug ; and
some Chelsea and other china are in the drawing-room. On the landing on the
first floor is some old English pottery which is very quaint and grotesque, com-
prising puzzle jugs, a fuddling cup of 1743, a large Fulham jug of 1727, both with
inscriptions, a Staffordshire "dog of Fo," a few slip ware articles (the finest
being, however, a dish hanging in the hall), an owl jug, and other things. In the
CHESIL BEACH AND FLEET MEETING. Ixxiii.
room at the top of the first flight, besides books and deeds, are some Peruvian pots
of very varied forms, often imitating natural objects, said to be pre-Spanish, a
very finely-worked sampler of 1727, a piece of Bokhara work of the 15th or 16th
century, with very remarkable figures and animals, the silk work of which was
once embellished with gold thread, which has perished, but which is in colour
and condition still beautiful. A collection of antique common pins and other
articles, of which particulars are given on labels, are in the same room. In two
small cabinets in the hall and the large one in the dining-room are some spiral -
threaded stemmed and other 18th century glasses, which vary greatly in shape
and pattern. In the garden there is, close to the greenhouse, a pomegranate in
flower and fruit. I will not trespass further upon your limited time, but I hope
that you will look at anything that interests you in the rooms I have indicated,
and if Mrs. Richardson and I, or my niece, Miss Rogers, can give any further
information about any of the exhibits, we shall be very pleased to do so to the
best of our power.
Lord EUSTACE CECIL, before the party left, expressed the
warm thanks of the Club to Mr. and Mrs. Richardson for their
kind hospitality, and paid a tribute to the President's tact and
organising ability. He also included in the vote of thanks the
Honorary Secretary and the Assistant Secretary, complimenting
them upon the successful manner in which the outdoor meetings
were organised and carried out.
Mr. RICHARDSON and the HONORARY SECRETARY responded,
and shortly after the visitors left for Weymouth.
Ixxiv.
OCOO -*iO5OTjiO O5 --i|l
o o o o ]i
d
03 CO C-l *O O Oi 00 O CO O i* ~*T 11
7> tt o 11
Q-J ^K ^ ^ ^ ^ j(^ ,_! ^0 ^q QQ ^ II
Ci> O5 t ^* C^ 1
^ GC GO -f 'Ml
i-( IM ' -* II
eo '
3
C-4
o ^sS
T
- "o
.^ .
. -4-3 .
-
i
5 | i
fi
$b
5
* * -i
: r
S
CO
s .* . . . . .^^
i -I
^^
I
g-2 1 c =S |
'^ 1 3 111
- jP"*'**
rl
s g
o
a
Q ,^j-up5 . _ *J ;*3
55
3
LE ENDING !
o
1 " "
O
. J^^^
(~*
T
M
ft| .PQpb^rtrO.^fl
fc5 ^ *"
w\)
>H
'43.2 o fl g 2 fl.2 g^ -
o >j bb^;
c*^^
*_-*
fe^lirrl tc'ccWccOW
K rt !il5
n
M
o
1 -c
^ OQ O O
^^*
c^
r4
H
S (N C<l
1
B
<*
W CfjM (M
->
tu
p*1
CT 1
2
02
. .H . . .
.
H-
M
o ",
fel
|J W)
**
Ifsl : :
*
fft
^V
Si|i..-fi
1
O
llllll
1
ifl^ll
a
illjjll
1
Ixxv.
CO O (M < O O i *
T3 i i
a
^^S^ ^^ ^
i-H I-H CO i-H '^
2
g
^
1 S
P
PH
^>
J : ' ' fr"! :
H
*-
a) _i p
W
^Vj
aj jj "S
PJ
fi
o
a
^ . . . . S .
1
.2
|
s o '5b .* ,3
~ ^ g Jg .S H
c
g
1 : ^ ^ -^ TJ
i
^ M ,C >> -S ^
"S
1
| 1 a 3 | | 1 i
ft
| ^ 1 W M
i>O
B
m
*-
H
S
2
B
^ t^ 05 O ^*<
o
o
^ O O5 1C O t--
T^^
o
J^
CfJ CO O C5 CO O
i I * CO t~
02
. . .
-
Pj
1
H
J!J>
\3rv\
M
M
* S * * *
. .
9
TjT
g
^
\>
CO
CO
fab
J->
-
I .-.
JJ
O
S s
"3
W
j&
fi^ : : :
. . V
a "S
o
8 i
O
IP* i5 2
1 1 1 i 1
3 S fan B PH
Pb
^ | 1 1 |
g 2 ja rS P.
2 ^ O CC 1-3
,
M
W 'S
O
S
H M
of
( Bead May 9th, 1905.)
N addressing you from the Presidential chair for the
first time, I cannot help feeling how grateful we
ought to be to my two predecessors' in office,
under whose rule our Club has been gradually
built up into its present very satisfactory
condition. Our first President (Mr. J. C.
Mansel-Pleydell) has entered into his rest
after a life of usefulness and successful energy
that we might all well try to emulate. Though we deeply
regret the loss of our second (Lord Eustace Cecil), we have
the great pleasure of knowing that he is still amongst us.
Thanks to his liberality, a most important addition has been
made to the resources of the Club in the form of two medals,
which bear the names of our two first Presidents, and have valu-
able prizes of 5 each attached to them. These will be offered
for competition annually, and the first subjects are announced
in the present programme. The number of our members is
higher than it has ever been ; we have, thanks to our excellent
Treasurer, Captain Elwes, money in the funds; the meetings
organised by our Secretary have been well attended and success-
ful ; and we have to thank our Editor for one of the best
volumes of " Proceedings " yet issued. On the other hand, it is
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixxvii.
with great regret that I record the loss by death of some of our
members, amongst whom I may specially mention Mr. J. K. D.
Wingfield Digby, Mr. W. Ralph Bankes, Mr. Oliver Farrer, and
Dr. Lush. The two first will be remembered by many of us as
our kind and hospitable hosts, Mr. Digby on more than one
occasion ; and those who were present at Sherborne last July will
specially regret that he should have been for so short a time
spared to us. Mr. Oliver Farrer frequently attended our
meetings, and was a favourite with everyone who knew him.
Dr. Lush was rarely able to join us, owing to the careful
attention which he always gave to his medical duties, but was
well known to many of us.
The past year has been fraught with changes in the ideas of
scientific men regarding the constitution of the things around
them. A short time ago it had been supposed that at least the
fundamental theories of matter were not likely to be again
disturbed ; but both in the organic and inorganic kingdoms
recent discoveries have led to the belief that we shall have again
to go through processes of upheaval akin to that caused by
Darwin's "Origin of Species" or the discovery of the electric
telegraph.
ZOOLOGY.
Some years ago Mr. W. Bateson dealt the first blow to
Darwinism by pointing out the frequency of cases of discon-
tinuous variation and the importance of the laws enunciated by
Mendel in 1864, in accounting for many of the phenomena
which occur in the breeding of animals and plants, and are not
apparently explainable by the Darwinian hypothesis. Many
others have followed in his line of research, and at the British
Association meeting at Cambridge last September there was
little work done in the zoological section that did not bear
directly or indirectly on this new or revived theory of heredity.
There are, of course, difficulties, the first of which is clearly to
understand the subject, the language used in its study being so
Ixxviii. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
very technical, but it seems not improbable that out of it may, in
time, come our next great advance in the knowledge of organic
evolution. It seems hardly possible that natural selection can
ever be relegated to the position of an exploded theory, but it
may have new truths grafted upon it, arising out of the investiga-
tions now so closely pursued. The existence of a problematical
animal from South Africa, in the region of the Okapi, resembling
a huge black pig, is confirmed, and it has been named
Hylochoerus meinertzhageni. A new vole, Microtus orcadensis, has
also been described from our own small island. Our knowledge
of the evolution of the horse has been much increased by the
finding of fresh remains in North America, and it has been
shown that the age of fishes of the cod tribe, and perhaps
others, can be deduced from the rings of growth on their scales,
much as that of cows from the rings on their horns. It has been
shown by breeding that in a South African butterfly (Papilio
Dardanus) there are three distinct forms of the female, each of
which mimics a different Danaine species. It is with great
satisfaction that I learn that the Chartley cattle, which have
been kept continuously in Chartley Park, Staffordshire, for about
650 years, have been bought by the Duke of Bedford, and will
doubtless be carefully preserved intact, though it is sad that they
should be removed from their ancient home. That queer little
New Zealand bird, the Apteryx, is to be protected ; and it has
been demonstrated that terrible scourge, sleeping sickness, is
caused by a Protozoan organism, Trypanosoma gambiense, con-
veyed by a species of Tsetse-fly. Finally, to show how little
new there is under the sun, it has been stated by the Governor of
Ceylon that native medical books of the sixth century described
67 varieties of mosquitoes and 424 kinds of malarial fever
caused by those insects a fact which the world thought it had
only discovered in the last few years. To show the efficacy of
modern anti-mosquito measures, I may instance two places in
Malay, where in 1902, after these had been carried out for a year,
the cases diminished to about one-sixth of those in 1901. After
three years they only amounted to about one-eighteenth.
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixxix.
BOTANY.
In the present state of botanical science the discovery of a
new natural order (Amphiplerygiacece) is an unwonted event.
The species live in Mexico and Peru, and have flowers resem-
bling those of the oak. Another important discovery of a
different nature is the fact of parthenogenesis, or the fertili-
sation of seed without the intervention of pollen, in the
dandelion and some other plants. A fossil, Sequoia, allied to
the Californian mammoth tree (Sequoia giganlea}, has been
found in the Portland Beds of the Jurassic system, showing
that this genus has existed with hardly any change from the
times of the saurian. A third recent discovery is also of a
geological nature, and reveals the fact that amongst the
Pal&ozoic Cycado-filices, which had been believed to be entirely
reproduced from spores, are at least two species which bear seed.
The first discovery of this nature was made in 1872 by Mr. W.
Carruthers, F.R.S., who is the only surviving representative of
our first list of honorary members, printed in Vol. I. of our
"Proceedings."
GEOLOGY.
It is difficult to draw a dividing line between the present and
past tenants of our globe, and the latter are so associated
with geology that it merges into the branches to which I have
just been alluding. Our hon. member, Rev. Osmond Fisher, at
the British Association meeting at Cambridge, propounded a
new and attractive solution of the presence of the remains of
Elephas Meridionalis in the Dewlish fissure, preserved in our
Museum through the energy and scientific acumen of the late
Mr. Mansel-Pleydell. He suggested that the trench was con-
structed by human agency as a trap for these animals, which
were used as food. In connection with this I may mention
that the mammoth found in 1901 is now set up in the St.
Petersburg Museum in the position in which it was found,
trying to escape from a crevasse or quicksand. It has now
Ixxx. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
been possible to prove, through recent discoveries, that the
cockroaches of Palaeozoic times belong to our modern Order of
Orthoptera.
To turn from fossils to the rocks themselves, I may note that
our hon. member, Mr. Jukes Browne, has completed an impor-
tant memoir on the upper chalk ; the Royal Commission on
coal has promised us 100,000,000,000 tons of coal, instead of
the 90,000,000,000 estimated in 1871, though we have used
nearly 6,000,000,000 in the interval ; the Coral Reef Committee
has issued its report on the Funafuti boring to the depth of
1,114^ feet; natural gas has been found at Aylesbury ; and
the largest diamond in the world has been discovered, more
than three times the size of any former one, and somewhat
resembling a goose's egg in shape.
ASTRONOMY.
The chief astronomical events are the discovery of no less
than three new satellites in our system a ninth (Phoebe) to
Saturn and a sixth and seventh to Jupiter the motion of
Phoebe being retrograde. Besides these, 32 new asteroids were
observed in 1904, bringing up their number to 553. Certain
changes upon the moon's surface have been noticed, which lead
to the belief that our satellite is still in what may be termed a
living state, and is perhaps not yet so entirely destitute of
moisture as has been supposed, some appearances being
attributed to hoar frost. A repulsive force of more than
1 8 times the strength of gravity is necessary to account for the
tails of comets, and light pressure has been suggested as the
cause.
SEISMOLOGY.
To return to the earth, our Indian Empire has just been
visited by a terrible earthquake of unprecedented severity,
causing great destruction of life and property. Whilst it can
scarcely be said that seismologists have yet determined with
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixxxi.
certainty the cause of these phenomena, the science of their
observation has made great progress, so that this earthquake
was recorded at Edinburgh, Paris, and Gottingen. Observa-
tions tend to show that the earth's axis is displaced by the
greater earthquakes to an average extent of "00275 of a second
of arc, which somewhat interferes with astronomical calculations
of its position at any past or future epoch for geological or
archaeological purposes.
METEOROLOGY.
Our knowledge of the upper strata of our atmosphere is
undergoing very important modifications through experiments
with kites, which are sometimes attached to steamers, and have
been raised to a height of about 3^ miles, and also through the
observation of the higher clouds. It is found that at great
heights there exists over the equatorial regions a permanent
easterly wind of high velocity ; that the accepted theory of a
vertical circulation of the atmosphere between the tropics and
the poles must be abandoned, together with other conclusions.
It is hoped that from a better understanding of these matters,
together with such aids as wireless telegraphy, it may be possible
to produce more reliable forecasts of weather at no distant date,
but the subject is complicated with many difficulties. It is
interesting to note that, in spite of their great height and of the
absence, I presume, of any protection by conductors, the first
recorded instance of a pyramid having been struck by lightning
only took place on March 3ist, when several of the immense
stones near the top of the second pyramid of Ghizeh were
dislodged. It is much to be regretted that the Ben Nevis
Observatory has had to be closed for financial reasons, though
it had done much valuable work.
ELECTRICITY.
Electrical science continues to make great strides, and it is
now possible to send photographs by electricity, though the time
Ixxxii. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
of half-an-hour at present required to send a half-plate photo-
graph 500 miles is too great for practical use. This is effected
by a ray of light passing through the photographic film and
impinging on a selenium cell, in which the resistance varies
according to the light intensity. Wireless telegraphy has been
much used in the Russo-Japanese War, and messages have been
conveyed over a distance of 2,500 miles. A very important
modification has lately been discovered by which the message
can be sent in one direction only, thus greatly diminishing the
danger of its being read in unwished-for quarters. Wireless
telegraphy is now under Government control in this country.
CHEMISTRY.
In chemistry the progress of organic synthesis continues, so
that we now have 200 or 300 organic products, which can be
built up synthetically by the chemist, though nothing approach-
ing a living cell has yet been made. That wonderful substance,
radium, with its emanation and various rays, occupies much
attention, and perplexes scientific men, some of whom incline
to the idea that the elementary substances themselves are
unstable, and may verify the dream of the alchemist by mutual
change ; and that the ultimate atoms of matter, so long
considered indivisible and indestructible, are merely various
forms of electric energy. After this it seems feeble to speak
of the discovery of three new elements in the past year,
berzelium, carolinium, and "new" thorium. Who could have
thought that the twentieth century would have begun by
upsetting so many long-established fundamental ideas ? A
metal, suitably named Tantalum, which has been known to
exist for more than 100 years, has only recently been prepared
in a pure form, and bids fair to become of great importance,
both for electric lighting and in other ways. Though extremely
ductile, it is so hard as to be scarcely affected even by the
diamond, which opens out a vista of immense possibilities.
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixxxiii.
GEOGRAPHY.
In geography the greatest event has been the return of the
National Antarctic Expedition, under Captain Scott, which,
besides geographical knowledge, has brought back the most
important series of meteorological, magnetic, and other obser-
vations ever obtained from these regions. Much valuable work
has also been accomplished there by the Scotch, Swedish, and
German Expeditions. A central plateau of 8,000 feet or more
covers a portion of the Antarctic continent, and over this
Captain Scott sledged for a week under great difficulties,
passing the line where the compass points south, instead of
north. The Thibet Mission has penetrated to the heart of
that mysterious country, which so few Europeans have ever
entered, and added much to our knowledge of it. After an
international controversy of more than half a century, the name
and identity of Mount Everest, the world's highest peak, have
been settled by fresh Indian surveys, and its original discoverer,
Sir Andrew Waugh, has been proved to be correct in his conclu-
sions. A great engineering feat has been successfully carried
out in the piercing of the Simplon Tunnel, 12^ miles long, on
February 24th last. It was begun in August, 1888, and reaches
a depth of i mile below the surface, about a mile being the
lowest depth at which man has ever been before.
ARCHEOLOGY.
The most impressive, and perhaps the most important,
archaeological find during the past year has been that of the
Egyptian tomb of Yua and Thua, the father and mother of Queen
Teie, wife of Amenhotep II. of the eighteenth dynasty, which
has been undisturbed since that period, and has yielded a rich
collection, including a chariot and chairs, vases and boxes,
mostly covered with gold and painted decoration. Another
find, this time at Karnak, consisted of about 450 statues from
the third to the twenty-sixth dynasty. The entomology of
Ixxxiv. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
scarabs has been investigated, showing five genera of beetles,
and our hon. member, Mr. R. Lydekker, F.R.S., has also
brought natural history to bear on archaeology by identifying
the animals in Egyptian sculptures and paintings. Interesting
excavations continue to be carried on in Crete, Denmark,
Glastonbury, and elsewhere, and are about to be commenced at
Herculaneum.
THE MIGRATION OF INSECTS. HEMIPTERA.
An incident which I had the good fortune to witness has
suggested to me that I should say a few words about the habit
of insects of occasionally moving in large numbers, as if actuated
by a common impulse which is generally termed migration ; but
perhaps this word, in its usual sense, hardly covers all the
observed phenomena of this nature. I describe the incident
at some length, as, though there are many records of similar
cases in other species of insects, it is rarely that the whole
movement comes under observation, generally only the fact that
a swarm of the insects was seen ; and even here I regret to say
that the migration could not be followed out to its ending. On
September 2 6th, 1904, Mrs. Richardson was standing by a small
pond in one of our fields at about 1 1 a.m., when she noticed
that there was something unusual going on amongst its
inhabitants, and called me to see it. The pond is a shallow
one, never dry, like many of these field ponds, about seven or
eight yards in diameter, and there is a similar slightly larger one
on the other side of the hedge. It is a good deal shaded by
trees, and the approach to it is soft mud. Numbers of water-
boatmen (Corixa Geoffroyi, Leach), were coming up out of the
water to the edge of the pond, parts of the shore being often
lined with a rank two or three deep. They mostly remained for
a short time in the water, on the surface, within an inch or two
of the shore, and as soon as the sun came out, which it did at
frequent intervals, they began to fly away. They generally took
one or two turns in the air before they finally departed, and at
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixxxv.
times it looked as if a swarm of bees was flying about above the
part where they were congregated, their flight being not unlike
that of bees, but rather slower. They finally flew off, rising to
a considerable height in the air, all in an easterly direction
towards the Weymouth Backwater, about ij mile distant, but
whether that was their destination (it is brackish water) or not it
is impossible to say. Many of them were not successful in their
first start, but landed a few inches off in the mud, whence they
found it difficult to rise, and mostly crawled back to the pond to
make a fresh attempt. They could, however, rise from the
ground just as well as the water, but were incommoded by the
soft mud. The number that left the pond must have been very
large, for the exodus lasted for certainly two hours, and probably
longer; it had quite ceased by 2.30 p.m., and I estimated the
rate of departure as being often as many as from one to two
hundred in a minute when the sun shone brightly. Some
thousands must have left the pond altogether, far more than I
should have imagined it contained. A great many fell a prey to
the starlings which were hawking about in an unusual manner in
considerable numbers at a little distance in the line of flight of
the insects, and some were eaten by fowls on the shore. More
would have been destroyed in this way but that the fowls sank
in the mud and did not dare to go quite close to the edge. A
few (perhaps twenty or thirty) large water beetles (Acilius
Sulcatus, Linn.), came to the edge of the water and sat on
sticks, &c., which projected above its surface, and some crawled
up the mud, but we only saw four actually fly away, so that the
migratory impulse did not seem to be so strong upon them as on
the boatmen. I did not see any other insects migrating unless
it were one or two small beetles, but I am not sure about
these.
Nothing unusual appeared to be going on in the adjacent
ond to the west, which is generally well populated and also a
permanent pond. There was hardly any wind, none at all
being perceptible on the pond, but what there was came from
Ixxxvi. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
the west, and it was rather a warm day for the season. Under
ordinary circumstances one sees a few of the water-boatmen
occasionally in the pond, but they never seem to be particularly
numerous.
No further migration from this pond was observed until
October i ith, when, between eleven and twelve in the morning,
the day being warm and sunny, another smaller species of water-
boatman (Corixa Fabricii, Fieb.), was seen to be migrating in
considerable numbers, though not to the same extent as the
larger species in September. They continued until about
2 p.m., when the flight ceased. They did not swim to the
edge of the pond like Corixa Geoffroyi, but seemed to rise
straight from the bottom and fly up from the surface of the
water. They then circled round higher and higher until they
were lost among the branches of the surrounding trees, but
some, after taking a turn or two over the water, flew straight
away down the field in an easterly direction, the same as that
taken by the larger species. Whilst the flight was going on a
few of them paddled about on the surface in a sort of dance,
but these did not seem to fly away like those which came up
straight from the bottom of the pond. No migration of any
sort was going on in other ponds in adjacent fields. These
water-boatmen, like the rest of the winged Hemiptera, only
acquire wings in the last stage of their development, and the
probability is, therefore, that they were all bred in the pond
from which they migrated. It may be that they had only lately
passed the stage which corresponds to the pupa stage of a
butterfly, and that the recent acquisition of wings had something
to do with the strong impulse that had come over them to use
them. These insects are carnivorous, and it might well be that
they had cleared the pond of most of the suitable food, and
were driven by hunger to make their escape as soon as they had
acquired the means of doing so in the shape of wings. This
also furnishes an explanation of the two distinct migrations at
different times of the two different species, as it is likely that all
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixxxvii.
the individuals of the same species would acquire wings at about
the same date, and then fly on the first suitable day, whilst the
others might all attain their imago state at the later date.
I have always understood that these small ponds were believed
to be stocked with water-beetles (and I suppose any other
winged water insects such as water-boatmen) by immigrants
flying from other pieces of water, but I have not come across
any account of a migration such as the present one, though it
must surely be of not infrequent occurrence, and likely to be
observed by those who keep their eyes open for such things. It
is not even mentioned by Mr. Tutt, whose valuable papers on
"The Migration and Dispersal of Insects" (Entomologist's
Record, Vols. X., XL, XII., XIII.), have brought together an
immense number of observed instances in the case of many
species, and to whom any writer on the subject must be greatly
indebted.
The only other insects in this order which appear to be known
as migrants are the cuckoo-spits, of which one case of migration
is recorded, and the Aphides or plant-lice, more familiar to many
under the name of green-fly. Of these migrations there are two
totally distinct sorts. In the first, which is, I believe, confined
to certain species, there is a regular annual movement from one
species of plant to another, caused by the dying away of the first
kind of plant and the necessity of seeking fresh food. Lichten-
stein has traced, amongst others, this migration in the hop Aphis
(Phorodon humuh\ which feeds on the hop plant whilst it is
green, but in the autumn, when the hop plant dies back, it
migrates to plum trees (Prunus sp.), on which it remains until
the hop is again fit for its reception. Parthenogenetic viviparous
reproduction takes place on both plants, but eggs, which survive
the winter, are laid only on the Prunus. Many of these species
which migrate in this manner have been known for long and
supposed to be distinct species, attached to two distinct
plants.
Ixxxviii. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
The second form of migration of Aphides is much more
generally known, and is probably familiar to many of the
members of our Club. The most abundant form of, at all
events, some of the commoner species of Aphis, is a wingless
one, and the rate at which these insects increase is something
extraordinary, even for insects. But under certain circumstances,
notably a continued drought or lack of green food, winged forms
are developed, and at times these give rise to clouds of the
insects flying in the air in countless millions. Such swarms are
not uncommon, but I am not aware that any definite destination
has ever been proved to exist for them. They, and also, I think,
many other dark and misty states of the air with which they have
no connection, go by the common name of a " blight." When
I have seen these swarms, they have appeared to me to be rather
hovering aimlessly in the air than pursuing any definite course,
but there are many records of enormous masses of their dead
bodies being found on sea coasts, carried there, I believe, by the
wind, and not by their own desires. Gilbert White gives an
account of a swarm at Selborne on August ist, 1785, which
covered everything with a black coating. And there is a record
of a mile of beach between Bournemouth and Poole being
covered with a green line of Aphis bodies at high-water mark.
There are also records of these swarms being accompanied by
species of Coccinella or ladybirds, which devour them, and of
flies of the family Syrphidce, the larvae of which prey upon
Aphides, the eggs being laid on leaves tenanted by colonies of
them.
ORTHOPTERA.
Though, fortunately, in this favoured country we rarely see
even isolated individuals, and never suffer from their attacks,
yet both in the Old and New World the migratory insects most
dreaded by and most injurious to man are certain species of the
locust tribe. The migrations and depredations of these insects
have been the constant theme of writers, and a volume might be
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixxxix.
filled with their accounts of them. The earliest record of their
ravages as one of the plagues of Egypt shows how much they
were dreaded at that remote time, and also brings forward one
or two points in their habits which still specially characterise
them. One is that they often travel for very considerable
distances before settling down anywhere, and, therefore, come
suddenly without notice. Another is that they are much under
the influence of the wind, and are liable to be carried along by
it and perish in the sea, if it should take them in that direction,
much as the swarms of Aphides seen on the Poole coast.
Pliny and other ancient authors speak of the swarms of
locusts, and the records increase immensely in number as we
approach our own times. Their habits have been most carefully
investigated in Algeria and North America. As we shall see a
little later on with regard to the Lepidoptera, some locusts have
the remarkable habit of migrating, not only in the perfect state,
when they are furnished with wings, but their larvae, which
resemble the imagines except in being destitute of these organs
(just like our ordinary grasshoppers), undertake most extensive
migrations upon their own account. These have been watched
in Algeria, and it is found that with regard to the species
Schistocerca peregrina the larvas continue the migratory movement
started by their parents, which generally come in vast swarms
from the south, flying by day, and laying their eggs in a suitable
locality. The larvae move onwards slowly at first, devouring as
they go, and when about 35 days old, and nearly ready to assume
the perfect state, cover as much as three miles in the course of a
day, and may travel altogether 25 miles or more from the place
where they were hatched. After they have acquired their wings
they continue to eat with still greater voracity, and after a time,
when food becomes scarce, start on a fresh migration which
generally takes place southwards.
From other accounts it would seem that locusts are not
usually so regular in their habits, but are much more uncertain
xc,
in their appearance. One of these plagues, in 1784, in Sooth
Africa, is said to hare been so extensive that an area of
2,000 square miles was covered with the locusts, which destroyed
everything green. A north-west wind drove them into the sea,
where they formed a bank three or four feet high along 50 miles
of the shore. Immense numbers of people have perished in
similar visitations at different times, both from the famines
caused by the ravages of the locusts and also from pestilences
generated by their dead bodies, when accumulated in the
manner described above,
Africa is, par exedknce, the home of the locusts of the Old
World, bttt they have at times caused great devastation in parts
of Asia, from Arabia to China, India is sometimes visited by
enormous flights of these insects, as in 187$, when the Madras
Presidency suffered greatly from the attacks of the same species
as that specially observed in Algeria, In Europe locusts seem
occasionally to migrate northwards in great numbers, and
spread over many countries, stragglers sometimes reaching our
own shores. In A,, 591 and 1478 Italy is recorded as having
suffered greatly, Russia in 1650, Spain in 1841 ; bttt the fact that
they become much more frequent, as records are better kept,
suggests that these are but a few out of many such plagues in
earlier times. In North America, where entomology is much
better looked after by the State than in most countries, it would
seem that serious attacks occur on an average about once in
eleven years, depending upon the specially favourable conditions
of the season for the production of large numbers of the perfect
insects. Very extensive reports have been published on the
subject in the year 1878 and subsequently. The chief species
concerned is Melanoplu$ fprelut, the Rocky Mountain locust,
which migrates from Montana towards the south and south-east,
sometimes in immense and most destructive swarms. These
locusts have been known to travel as much as 2,000 miles in
their migration, starting in July, flying like the Algerian
Schiffacma peregrina during the daytime only. It seems
WIESIDEKT' ADDRMfi.
probable, but i* hardly so well established, that return
migrations take place in the spring of the progeny of the
swarm of the previous summer. They are much influenced in
their speed by the wind, and sometimes fly at a great height.
With regard to the perishing of the swarms of locusts in the
sea, it is interesting to note that locusts hare been taken at sea
at great distances from land, both singly and in numbers, so
that the being blown out to sea is not always immediately fatal
to them. Some of these records are as follows ; On November
2 ist, 1811, when the ship Georgia was 200 miles from the
Canary Islands, the nearest land, an innumerable quantity of
locusts alighted on the vessel, and many more fell into the sea*
This continued for an hour. On September ijth, 1*30, the
Levant encountered a severe gale in iSdcgs, N, Lat,, the nearest
land being 450 miles distant, and was surrounded by large
swarms of locusts during two days, which settled in numbers
on the ship. Two days afterwards it sailed through masses of
them in the water, Darwin states that a large species of
A'.ndium few on board the Beagle when the nearest point of
land, not directly opposed to the trade'Wind, was 370 miles
distant, and Scudder crowns the series by recording that on
November 2nd, 1865, a ship between Bordeaux and Boston
continued to pass through a swarm of Sthitloctrca pmgrina. far
two days, when 1,200 miles from the nearest land. When we
read of the falling of dust at sea in quite appreciable quantities,
we cannot but feel that the wind, which can transport coarse
dust and stones larger than one-thousandth part of an inch
square for 300 miles or more, may well carry a swarm of locusts
or butterflies or other insects, which to a certain extent support
themselves in the air, to these distances, Darwin, in "Voyage
the Beagle," in speaking of these falls, says ; " The dust foils
such quantities as to dirty everything on board and to hurt
*s eye*," and mentions the occurrence of the minute
referred to above, also stating that dust has been known
travel in this way 1,000 and 1,600 miles. The travelling of
xcii. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
volcanic dust in the eruptions of Krakatoa and others is even
more remarkable.
NEUROPTERA.
The migratory tendency is well developed amongst the
Odonata or dragon flies, especially in some species, and many
cases have come under observation. Libellula quadrimaculata,
one of the larger British species, which is found also in many
other parts of the N. temperate zone, is one of the most frequent
migrants in this group. One interesting account of such a
migration is as follows (abridged from "Nature," July ipth,
1883) : On Sunday, June 24th, 1883, at Malmo, in Sweden, the
dragon flies passed over for about half-an-hour in the afternoon.
The next day, about one o'clock, they re-appeared for more
than an hour ; but on Tuesday, the 26th, at 7.30 a.m., they
again began in millions, and, notwithstanding the wind had
shifted to the south during the night, they held the same course
of S.E. by E. The streets, shipping, and every place were full
of them. They did not fly very high, and seemed to avoid going
into the open doors and windows, but alighted on the trees.
The flight ended that night at 8 p.m., having been incessant for
more than twelve hours. On the 27th they appeared again at
noon in reduced numbers, and a few on successive days after-
wards, the migration ceasing with the advent of hot weather.
Other flights have been recorded off the Essex coast on
June 23rd, 1888, in Heligoland on May 2ist and 22nd, 1889, all
disappearing on the 26th with a change of wind to northerly,
and on June 6th of the same year a small flight at Dover. A
large migration of this species is said to take place yearly from
N. to S. in the Charente Inferieure, in France. Another species
which has the migrating habit is Libellula depressa known in
this neighbourhood and probably elsewhere as the "horse-
stinger," though it is, of course, destitute of any sting. A
compact band passed over Konigsburg in June, 1852, 60 feet
wide and about 10 feet deep, and from the details given must
have extended for a length of 60 or 70 miles.
PRESIDENT S ADDRESS. XC111.
The smaller dragon flies also migrate at times. A cloud of
some species of the genus Agrion has been observed in Suffolk
flying inland, which cast a slight shadow over a field of four
acres in passing.
In La Plata immense flights of ^schtia bonariensis occur, and
generally precede one of the violent winds which are common
to that district, the dragon flies flying in front of the wind at
great speed.
Like other insects, dragon flies have been taken at great
distances from land, e.g., on the P. and O. steamer Victoria
when 200 miles from Keeling Island, the nearest land, and
900 miles from Australia.
LEPIDOPTERA.
From the general attractiveness and the interest attached to
their transformation, no Order of insects has been so much
studied or collected as that of the Lepidoptera, and hence it is
amongst the butterflies and moths (excepting, perhaps, the
locusts) that we find the records of migrations most numerous.
To take first what is nearest and most familiar to us, we in
England are indebted to this habit for the not infrequent
presence among us of some of our finest and most beautiful
species which often come to our shores, but never seem able to
settle permanently in our midst. At our last meeting, on
February 2ist, I exhibited a fine specimen of Deilephila livornica
bred from an egg laid by one of these immigrants taken 'at
Ferndale, which is in Dorset, though near Bournemouth, in
Dr. Crallan's possession, and also shown by him at the meeting.
The year 1904 was one which will be remembered by entomolo-
gists as a most fruitful one in that particular species, but it may
be assumed almost with certainty that none of the progeny have
survived the winter, and we shall have to wait for a fresh
xciv. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
migration before we again see this splendid hawk-moth in
this country. Several other hawk-moths are amongst our
regular migrants, notably Sphinx convolvuli, which must reach
us in immense numbers, as it is often quite common locally and
of very general distribution. A record of fifty or sixty in a
season in one garden is not unusual, and yet there is every
reason to believe that none of these survive the winter, though
some may be the produce of moths which have migrated here in
the spring.
There are many other species of moths, besides hawk-moths,
which must reach us in this manner, the unexpected captures of
them taking place occasionally, sometimes singly, more often a
few in different localities, but they never establish themselves,
and we cannot assign their sudden appearance to any other
cause. At the same time great caution should be used in
distinguishing between a true immigrant and a species which,
from some unknown cause, is either always rare, or is very
variable in its appearance. It must be the experience of any
entomologist who has observed the habits of moths in nature
that with most species, whatever may be the causes, the numbers
met with in the same place in different years fluctuate very
greatly, so that in some years a moth will not be observed at all,
whilst in others it is comparatively common. Considering the
very large number of eggs laid by most insects, there would be
no difficulty, other things being favourable, in their multiplying
themselves a hundredfold in one season, which would be quite
sufficient to account for an unusual abundance without any
migration.
Two of our most regular visitors amongst the butterflies are
Vanessa Cardui and Colias Edusa, better known to most of us as
the Painted Lady and the Clouded Yellow butterflies. The
striking and brilliantly yellow appearance of the latter in its
flight is such that, if it is here, it cannot well help being
observed, even by non-entomologists, which cannot be said of
most of the moth immigrants.
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. xcv.
I am not aware that Colias Edusa has ever been observed on
its way here from the Continent, so that any statement as to the
origin of our specimens must partake of the nature of a theory ;
but we may, without much hesitation, assume that it comes from
the South of Europe perhaps France. It is most uncertain in
its appearance, and several years may pass with hardly a record,
when suddenly it is seen in swarms. A few specimens will
migrate here in May and lay eggs, from which a brood emerges
in August, but the extreme abundance of the insect in that
month in certain years would suggest a migration at that time
also. In 1892 the lucerne and clover fields were alive with
them, but the records since have been comparatively few.
The migration of Vanessa Cardui, the Painted Lady, have
been perhaps more followed than those of any other butterfly.
It is well known as a migrant in Europe, and also to a certain
extent in America and elsewhere. Like the Clouded Yellow, it
comes to us from abroad and produces a brood in this country ;
but it is not able generally to survive our winters and establish
itself permanently, so that it would soon cease to be a British
insect were it not for fresh aliens. It is a much more regular
visitor than the Clouded Yellow, and is seen here in most
years.
In 1879 the migration of these species was recorded by many
observers at a good many different places in Algiers, Spain,
France, Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, and Great Britain, so that
its course could be more or less clearly traced. The swarm
appears to have left Africa about the middle of April, passing
through Spain in the latter half of the month and beginning of
May, France towards the end of May, and spreading into
Switzerland and North Italy by early June. By mid-June some
of the butterflies had reached Germany and Austria, Belgium,
and England, penetrating into Scotland. The numbers in this
country in 1879 were unusually large, but Mr. Tutt states that in
1880 the insect was very scarce everywhere, though in England
xcvi. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
it seems to have been a good year for other migrants, notably
Vanessa Antiopa, the Camberwell Beauty. I also find a note
(E.M.M., XVII., 169), to the effect that in the New Forest the
spring specimens in 1880 were plentiful. It would seem likely
that many of them, at all events, had been bred in this country
and hibernated here.
I have alluded to the occurrence of other species of insects at
great distances from land, and this has often happened with
regard to Lepidoptera. From a number of instances given by
Mr. Tutt I mention a few of the most striking. In a cyclone
200 miles from the Cape Verde Islands, a great number of birds
and butterflies, including many Vanessa Cardui and Hypolimnas
misippus, came on board the ship Whinfell. Lucas records that,
when 1,000 miles from Brazil, a number of moths of perhaps a
dozen species came on board his ship, and there are numerous
other records of a similar nature where several species are
involved, which seem of a different class to those in which a
swarm of one species only was seen. The Pleione, when
440 miles from the nearest point of the American coast, was
surrounded by an immense swarm of Deiopeia pulchella a weak-
flying moth which occasionally visits this country. Hypolimnas
misippus was seen in great numbers by Captain Ellis in May,
1893, more than 500 miles from land in the Atlantic. Though,
as we have seen, considerable migrations take place to our own
shores, yet they seem to be of no importance compared with
those that occur in other parts of the world.
In North America large migrations take place, but apparently
not to the same extent as in the southern half of the Continent.
One of the most striking was noticed in Bermuda on October ist,
1874, when a cloud was seen approaching from the north-west,
which was discovered when it reached the shore to consist of an
immense swarm of a small yellow butterfly, Eurema lisa, which
must have travelled across the sea for at least 600 miles from
America. The fishermen near the island reported that the
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. xcvii.
butterflies were in such numbers that they completely covered
their boats. It is recorded by Webster that on May i4th and
1 5th, 1888, the shores of the St. Francis River in Arkansas
were literally lined with butterflies of the species Apatura Ctltis,
and that, on landing, one was surrounded immediately by a
cloud of them. There is apparently nothing to show that these
had not been bred upon the spot ; but this species is known as a
migrant from other records in the Mississippi and elsewhere.
Another great North American migrant is Eugonia Californica
a species somewhat allied to our Painted Lady, of which there
are records from San Francisco, from Mt. Shasta, in California,
a mountain 14,440 feet in height, where it was met with within a
few hundred feet of the summit, far above the snow line, flying
in countless numbers in a south-easterly direction. From east
to south-east seems indeed to be the most usually observed
direction of flight of these North American migrations of
butterflies.
A fine species of butterfly, Danais Archippus, which has
occasionally been taken in England and is of world-wide
distribution, probably through its migratory habits, is one of
the most noted North American migrants. There are many
recorded instances to show that it has a habit of collecting
together in enormous numbers into a small area in the autumn,
and then migrating in a southerly or south-westerly direction.
One account on September 23rd, 1886, from West River, Mary-
land, states that about 7 a.m. there were an innumerable number
of these butterflies at all heights from 100 feet upwards to
beyond the range of vision, flying south-west in the face of a
stiff breeze.
There is said also to be a migration northwards in the spring
of those that went south in the autumn after their hibernation ;
but this would seem doubtful and improbable, and the facts in
support of it are not nearly so numerous or weighty as those
which prove the autumn movement. In South America it would
XCV111. PRESIDENT S ADDRESS.
seem as if the migrations were more frequent. Bell speaks of
bands of butterflies (Timetus chiron) 50 yards wide, all travelling
to the S.E. in Nicaragua, others of the migrations of species of
Urania, large and handsome day-flying moths, in Brazil and
Texas, Panama, and lower down at various places as far as Rio
Janeiro. The directions seem to vary, being sometimes the
south, west, north-west, south-east, east in fact, the direction
seems quite uncertain. One observer, Friedrich, states that
every year there is a great migration of newly-emerged
specimens of two species of Urania from Vera Cruz, in Mexico;
commencing in April and continuing for three or four weeks
in a northerly direction along the eastern slope of the
Cordilleras. He says that they return by the same route five
or six weeks later in greatly reduced numbers, the females
having laid their eggs. Should this be correct, it would follow
that many must refrain from taking part in the migration in
order to produce a sufficient number of moths for the corres-
ponding migration of the next year. A similar migration to
that on Mount Shasta is recorded from South Africa, where
great numbers of butterflies of the species Callidryas florella and
rhadia were observed moving steadily eastwards from the valleys
to the highest peaks of the Maluti Mountains, in Basutoland,
10,000 feet above the sea.
In a few of the cases of migrations the butterflies are stated to
be all of the male sex, but in others both sexes were present.
There are cases on record of the migration of caterpillars in
great numbers ; e.g., the larvae of a Noctua in Tasmania, which
are described as deserting a ploughed-up barley field, and
passing in a body up the road, through two gardens, and into
a grass field. Another case is given in an American newspaper,
the Charleston Courier, May, 1842, which states that the
migrating caterpillars filled the railway for more than a mile,
and that the train in passing over them made the line so slippery
that it was unable to proceed.
PRESIDENT S ADDRESS. XC1X.
The well-known habit of Cnethocampa processioned and some
allied moths, whose larvae march out to feed in long columns,
hardly comes within our subject, though the gregarious method
suggests some connection with a regular migration.
COLEOPTERA.
With regard to the migration of beetles, I may refer in the
first place to the moving of water beetles from one pond to
another, and I cannot help thinking, from what I saw last
September, that considerable numbers occasionally migrate
together, as with the water-boatmen. However, that is some-
thing to look out for in the future. Darwin records the
occurrence of numbers of living beetles, of both aquatic and
land species, at a distance of 1 7 miles from the South American
coast, and there are other records showing that beetles which
usually live in fresh water can exist in salt. There are records
of beetles, as of many other insects, at considerable distances
from the land, but the subject of their migrations may occa-
sionally become involved, owing to the fact that after a flood
immense numbers of beetles are sometimes met with on the
banks of the river, and some of the records of great numbers
found together appear to be possibly due to other causes than
migration ; such as one where the seashore below the cliff near
Ramsgate was covered with multitudes of beetles of many
different species, apparently blown over the top of the cliff.
Another class consists of records of large numbers of beetles
on the tops of mountains, where they are supposed to have been
brought by air currents, but this explanation seems hardly
sufficient.
Vast numbers of cockchafers have appeared at times and
rivalled, in the banks formed by their dead bodies, those of the
dead locusts already referred to. In Kent and Sussex migrations
of lady birds have been observed, and in South America large
c. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
migrations of various beetles. For instance, Buenos Ayres
was visited in two consecutive springs by swarms of Harpalus
cupripennis, which arrived at dawn for eight days in succession,
and had to be swept away every morning from the outside of the
houses, where they were (so it is stated) piled up to a height of
several feet.
DlPTERA.
The genus Syrphus seems perhaps, amongst the Diptera or
flies, to be that most given to migration, at all events in this
country, and there are various records of great swarms observed
in different places. Some of these are, no doubt, connected
with the movements of Aphides, but others do not seem to be so
accounted for. There are one or two records from Dorset,
which may be interesting here, one being of a swarm of Syrphus
pyrastri, at Bournemouth in August, 1869, and of a line of their
dead bodies extending from Poole Harbour to Christchurch Bay
along the seashore. Another record speaks of their abundance
in the Bridport neighbourhood about the same time, and the
same swarm seems to have visited Eastbourne and the Isle of
Wight, and must have been of great magnitude.
The assembling of flies in houses for the purpose of hiber-
nating sometimes takes place on a large scale. In a house I
know which stands near a farmyard, where the flies, chiefly of
the genus Musca, are doubtless bred, vast numbers enter in this
way and form quite a plague, which it seems hopeless to contend
against. Everyone knows the determined manner in which gnats
and certain other flies will follow their victims, either oneself or
a horse or other animal, for long distances, dancing in clouds
round them ; and this would constitute a kind of migration, for
one can scarcely imagine that the flies would return by them-
selves after having journeyed perhaps several miles. One of the
most remarkable fly migrations is that of the larvae of Sciara
militaris, in which vast numbers of these legless grubs, about
inch long, join together by their sticky skins, so as to form a
PRESIDENT S ADDRESS. Cl.
mass several feet in length and an inch or two broad, which
creeps along like a huge worm. They finally collect into a ball
and gradually burrow into the ground, whence they appear in
the perfect state as small black flies.
HYMENOPTERA.
The special interest that attaches to the Order Hymenoptera,
consisting of the bees, ants, &c., in connection with migration
lies in the fact that the reason for the migration is generally
obvious to us, and not so apparently objectless as in the case of
so many insects, To take the most well-known case of the
common hive bee. When the hive becomes over-populated, the
queen leaves it with a portion of her subjects and founds a new
community at some distance, and the same thing may occur
several times in the same season. This habit is, however,
confined to certain species of bee, and is never, for instance,
exercised by humble bees or wasps, in which the community
does not continue to exist for more than one season. A
different form of migration takes place amongst the ants, which
would be unable to follow the example of the hive bee, owing to
the wingless state of the workers. In the latter part of the
summer great swarms of male and female ants issue forth from
the nest and pervade the air at some distance from the ground,
performing a sort of dance like gnats. All with the exception
of a very few pairs are destroyed in various ways, and the few
surviving females found new colonies.
White ants or Termites, though belonging to a different order,
Neuroptera, have much the same habits, the object of their
migration from their native nest being the foundation of new
communities.
Both ants and white ants, of certain species, at times make
organised foraging expeditions, which bear a certain resemblance
to the migration of other insects in that they consist of hosts of
Cll. PRESIDENT S ADDRESS.
individuals, all moving together and actuated by a common
impulse. In many cases, however, they doubtless eventually
return to their nest, but while on their expedition they clear off
everything eatable that they meet with. Some sorts will enter a
house and perform valuable service in destroying or putting to
flight all vermin, insect or otherwise, that it contains.
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS.
There are numerous records of insect migration, in which
insects of various species and of different Orders seem moved by
a common impulse to migrate together. Besides the cases I
have incidentally mentioned, I will only refer to one, in which
Walker notes that, after leaving Tunis in April, 1873, he sailed
along the Malta Channel and on to Italy for four or five days
through many miles of sea, on which were floating " large
brown butterflies, moths of all sizes, and dragon flies, evidently
just dead, as they had apparently not been long in the water."
I can hardly think that these had been merely blown out to
sea. Butterflies and the weaker moths in a wind go, as a rule,
right down into the herbage, and are very safe, though the
stronger flying ones will often fly in numbers on a warm, though
very windy, night, and appear not to be in the least incommoded
by its violence ; at least, such is my experience in this country,
and it would require some special and simultaneous movement,
such as a migration, to gather together any large quantity of
insects, which must be caught by the wind before they have
time to hide themselves. The most extraordinary part of this,
and of other records similar in this respect, is the extremely mixed
character of the mass of insects, which suggests that different
species were overcome by a migratory impulse at the same time
and started together. As this is no isolated case, it would
appear that migration is, sometimes at least, caused by some
external condition which acts upon many different sorts of
insects in the same manner and produces the same kind of
PRESIDENT S ADDRESS. Clll.
involuntary impulse as a bright light at night. As to what it is,
or how it is generated, we seem to be still in the dark. The
tendency to migration is by no means confined to insects, but
occurs in many other classes of animals, notably birds ; but even
amongst them the cause and object is by no means always
obvious. In some cases, such as the locusts, the migration
might be set down to the desire for fresh food ; but why should
they fly to the enormous distances over which they travel, when
they must pass plenty of good feeding places on the way ?
Dragon-flies feed entirely on other insects, but they are not
likely to obtain them by proceeding in dense columns. It has
been suggested that they may migrate, because the ponds in
which they were bred, and in which they would naturally lay
their eggs, have dried up, and they go in search of new breeding
waters ; but I am not aware that there is any evidence that this
is the case, and even then it does not explain the concerted
action of the swarm, nor have they been seen to make for water
as their destination, as far as I know.
The migrations of butterflies seem to be the most objectless
of all, for it can hardly be contended that they migrate on account
of the desire for food, as it is very little that they eat (or rather
drink) in the perfect state, and that only a little honey from
flowers, or water. A more probable desire on the part of the
female butterfly would be that of finding the food plant of its
larva for the purpose of egg-laying ; but there is no evidence to
show that they only migrate from a district when the food plant
is scarce, and two, at least, of the greatest migrants, Vanessa
Cardui and Colias Edusa, feed on a variety of plants, and would
not, therefore, be likely to suffer in this way. Besides this, some
of the records of swarms state that they consisted entirely of
males.
We see that a tendency to migration exists, more or less, all
through the animal and vegetable world (e.g., the dispersal of
thistle down over wide areas), and that it is frequently of great
CIV. PRESIDENT S ADDRESS.
advantage to the species which practises it, in enlarging its
limits and preventing close inter-breeding, which would be
detrimental to it. Again, it is a necessary portion of the
economy of some species, as in the swarming of the honey-
bee. In the great majority of instances, however, we can see
no definite advantage, and in the present state of our know-
ledge, or, I may rather say, ignorance, of the subject, we can
only suggest that it is perhaps a habit transmitted from ancestors
to whom it was of some special value, the value having now, in
a changed condition of circumstances, ceased to exist, except in
a few isolated cases.
It is in the power of everyone to observe these phenomena,
and it is only by the careful observance and record of facts that
we shall ever arrive at the true explanation of Insect Migration.
LISCOMBE GENERAL VIEW.
, cm6
By the Rev. HERBERT PENTIN, M.A. ; F.S.A. Ed.
(Read Dec. 14th, 1903.)
T is a remarkable fact that the parish of Milton
contains no fewer than five ecclesiastical
buildings. The Abbey Church, S. James'
Church, and S. Catherine's Chapel are well
known ; but it is not generally known that the
neighbouring parish church of Winterborne
Whitchurch is within the borders of Milton
parish, and that the desecrated chapel in
the hamlet of Liscombe is also situated in a
part of the ecclesiastical parish of Milton.
The ancient hamlet of Liscombe (five miles from Milton
Abbey and two miles from Chesilborne, and situated in a beauti-
ful valley), consists, at the present time, of only one or two
houses, the little church (" Liscombe Chapel"), and a monastic
barn. In pre-Reformation days the hamlet was much larger,
comprising 13 to 20 houses; but since the Reformation the
houses have gradually become less in number. An early
mention of Liscombe occurs in the foundation charter of
Milton Abbey. King Athelstan gave three and a-half hides
(between 300 and 350 acres) in Liscombe to the Abbey of
Milton. The hamlet is also mentioned in Domesday and in the
2 LISCOMBE.
Customary of Milton (1318), and, according to the Inquisition
of 1312, the chapel of Liscombe was annexed to the church of
Milton by the gift of King Athelstan.
After the Dissolution in 1539 the hamlet was sold to a family
named Reeves, but the chapel became the property of Sir John
Tregonwell, Lord of the Manor of Milton Abbey, and in 1680
the hamlet also passed into the hands of one of his descendants,
John Tregonwell, Esquire. But a subsequent Lord of the
Manor of Milton (John Strachan, Esquire) sold the hamlet and
chapel in 1755 to a yeoman, named Miller, whose descendants
possessed it for many years. The property, however, now
belongs to Mr. Henry Jesty, of Roke Farm, near Bere Regis.
I. But it is the chapel of Liscombe which is especially worthy
of attention. This little building, built principally of flint, stone,
, and large blocks of rock chalk, is entire, and consists of chancel
and nave, divided by a handsome Transition-Norman arch with
CAPITAL, CHANCEL ARCH.
LISCOMBE. 3
massive rounded columns. It measures in all over 40 feet in
length and about 15 feet in breadth (the chancel being over
17 feet long and the nave more than 25 feet). The main walls
are nearly 2 feet 6 inches thick. The east window and the two
other chancel windows are Norman, with some later work
inserted. In the east window the insertion work consists of a
trefoil, composed of a quadrant on each side, with a semi-circle
at the head. [Mr. Miles Barnes suggests that this window may
be Transition-Norman or very early ijth century work.]
In the last edition of " Hutchins " there is a record that " in
the north-east corner of the chancel is a beautiful niche, eight
HEAD OF CHANCEL ARCH.
4 LISCOMBE.
feet high, with a crocketed canopy" for the statue of the patron
saint of the church. (Tradition says S. Mary the Blessed
Virgin.) This niche has now disappeared. The ancient windows
in the nave have perished, and the old west doorway has
also disappeared. And the chapel of Liscombe has been
desecrated for a long time. The nave of it is now used as a
bakehouse (there is a large open grate, oven, and chimney in the
centre), and the chancel is used as a log-house. A flight of
stone stairs has been erected in the chancel, which leads to the
bedrooms over the bakehouse and log-house. The bedrooms
have been ceiled, and the whole interior of the little church has
been whitewashed (including the handsome chancel arch). The
plaster ceiling, however, is breaking down in places, and damp
is coming through the walls. The roof of the building is of
thatch. There are two fragments of stone pinnacles lying loose
in the chapel, and modern windows have been inserted in the
nave, and a modern doorway erected at the west end of the
chapel. An ancient stone sundial has also been inserted in
the west wall. Warne, in his Ancient Dorset, states that the
chapel is credited with being " tenanted by a supernatural
visitor."
II. The house adjoining this desecrated sanctuary is also
ancient, built chiefly of flint and stone. It contains several
interesting windows of various dates (including a loup in the east
wall) and an old stone sundial on its south wall. The interior
contains a great deal of old oak work, some of which may be
pre- Re formation. This house is now used as a labourer's
cottage ; but there is a tradition in Milton that this house was
formerly inhabited by the monks, who ministered ("Divina
celebrant:") in the little church. And the building itself, from
its position and evident antiquity, lends colour to the tradition,
but there are marks that it became the manor farmhouse after
the Dissolution.
There is also a tradition that the stream which now runs
through the hamlet was formerly larger than it is now, and that
there were fish ponds close by, and that the monks at Liscombe
EAST WINDOW, CHAPEL.
1. LOOP LIGHTING STONE CIRCULAR STAIR, COTTAGE.
2. EXTERIOR NORTH WINDOW CHANCEL, CHAPEL.
3. EXTERIOR EAST WINDOW, CHAPEL.
supplied their over-lord, the Abbot of Milton, with fresh water
fish.
III. The Liscombe monastic barn is about 100 feet long and
30 feet broad. It is also built of flint, stone, and large blocks
of rock chalk. There is a stone with the letters L. S. and the
date 1638 rudely cut thereon ; but the main portion of the
barn is of considerably earlier date than the iyth century.
There is a modified Queen-post roof and some fine old oak
beams. The north end of the barn has been partly pulled
down ; and the south end, which is partly bulging, has now three
buttresses to support it.
It may be added that the hamlet of Liscombe is built on the
site of a Roman Villa, and sundry Roman remains have been
turned up at various times ( Warne's "Ancient Dorset"}.
And another interesting point about Liscombe is that the
Farm pays los. a year to the parish of Melcombe Bingham, to
provide bread and wine for the Holy Communion. There is a
tradition that a lady to whom Liscombe belonged was going in
her coach, one Sunday, in the winter, to receive the Sacrament
at the Abbey Church at Milton ; but, on account of a deep
snow, she could get no further than Melcombe Bingham. So
she made her Communion there ; and this was the occasion of
the gift.
af
near
, 1903.
By H. St. GEORGE GRAY and CHAS. S. PRIDEAUX.
(Read Feb. 1st, 1904.)
rOANY indeed by far the greater number of our
British Barrows have already, been opened, but a
very small proportion of these have been syste-
matically excavated. The eminent men that we
are accustomed to associate with barrow-digging
are Greenwell, Rolleston, Pitt-Rivers, Thurnam,
Hoare, and Bateman. Of these Canon Greenwell
may be considered the father of barrow-digging.
The work of Sir R. C. Hoare and Mr. Bateman
was unsystematic, whilst that of General Pitt-Rivers was as
methodical and thorough as possible.
It was on the lines of Pitt-Rivers that we turned our attention
to these Martinstown Barrows, which, fortunately, proved not to
have been previously excavated, although several barrows in
sight of those under consideration both on the Ridgeway and
elsewhere bear external appearances of having been opened.
Every facility was offered by the owner of the land, Mr. W. E.
Hawkins, who readily acquiesced in the carrying out of the
work and evinced considerable interest in the progress of the
operations.
V\l Q3TAVA3XB
.1 3 TAJ
V
1
1
1
I /
HARROW-DIGGING AT MARTINSTOWN. 7
BARROW I.
Its Situation. This barrow, like Nos. 2 and 3, is in the
parish of Martinstown, otherwise Winterborne St. Martin, and is
situated at a distance of 3^ miles south-west of Dorchester and
5^ miles from the centre of Weymouth. Martinstown Church is
6 furlongs to the north of the barrow ; the nearest point of the
Ridgeway overlooking Weymouth is 5 furlongs due south. The
barrow is 7!- furlongs south-west of the famous Clandown
Barrow, nearly 12 furlongs west-by-south from the centre of
Maiden Castle, and about i furlong to the north-west of
Mr. Hawkins' Barn.* The central barrow on Four Barrow Hill
is \ mile to the north-east.
Barrow I. is about 487 feet above sea-level and 230 feet
higher than the village of Martinstown. (The Ridgeway near is
550 feet above sea-level, and the highest point of Maiden Castle
about 432 feet.)
Description before Excavation. The barrow stands in a large
grass field, the summit being at an average height of 12 feet
above the surrounding turf-level. It is surrounded by a ditch
which has totally silted up except on the south-west, south,
and south-east, as shown by the contours on the plan. The
approximate diameter of the mound, that is from ditch to ditch,
is 103 feet; the diameter at the point where the "old surface
line" under the tumulus crops out is about 91 feet. (A
depression was observable on the summit of the mound, not
shown on the plan : Mr. Hawkins informed us that his sons, a
few years ago, had commenced to make an excavation into the
barrow, but evidently soon got tired of it.)
During the operations, which extended over six working days,
May 2znd to 2Qth, 1903, not including the time occupied in
filling in and turfing over, the writers, in order that they might
devote themselves entirely to the work, lived and slept in a tent
pitched within a stone's throw of the barrow. The working
plan was commenced on the first day; a square, 161 feet on each
* Eweleaze Barn.
8 BARROW-DIGGING AT MARTINSTOWN.
side, was picketed off round the barrow, enclosing an area of
about o'6 of an acre, the plan (Plate I.) being plotted to a scale
of 144 to i, in other words 12 feet to an inch.* The contours
of i foot vertical height show the shape of the barrow and its
immediate surroundings within the " square." The highest
contour, of course, comes on the summit of the barrow ; the
lowest on the western side of the plan, showing a fall of 14 feet
from top to lowest part in the " square."
Excavation into the Barrow. As will be seen by the plan, a
cutting 6 feet wide was made through the barrow, nearly on the
line of the true north and south f ; and in the centre a cross-
cutting was dug, to an extent of 13 feet on both sides of the
main cutting, from the central picket. Until the completion of
the excavation down to the undisturbed chalk (or to about that
level) in all parts of the cutting, a pillar was left in the "centre"
from which tape measurements could be made. This pillar,
which is well shown in the general photographic view of the
barrow, was afterwards removed, when no longer of service as a
" fixed point " for measuring purposes.
This photograph, taken from the N.N.E., Plate II., not
only gives an excellent idea of the excavation-operations in
progress, but also distinctly shows the internal structure of
the barrow. A mound of almost pure mould or turf was
first thrown over the interments, measuring about 61 feet in
diameter, and 8 feet in height.j This was surmounted and
entirely covered by chalk rubble (i.e., pieces of chalk mixed with
flints and a little mould, which is clearly shown in the sectional
diagram). Finally, turf began to form, and a certain amount of
* The surveying instruments were kindly lent by Capt. Acland and Mr. G. J.
Hunt. We also received help in many other ways from Dr. Colley March,
F.S.A., the Rev. S. J. F. Kent, and Mr. W. de C. Prideaux.
t The north point could only be included on the plan after the commencement
of the cutting, as our prismatic compass was out of order at the beginning of the
operations.
\ The cairn of flints covered by this mound will be mentioned in speaking of
the interments.
BARROW-DIGGING AT MARTINSTOWN. Q
surface mould would slowly be deposited as vegetable matter
decayed. This turf and turf-mould were found to average about
o'6 foot in thickness all through the cutting. The only relics
found in this layer were two fragments of Romano-British pottery
just under the turf, 2 and 3 on plan and section. In the chalk
rubble, only one relic of any importance was found, viz., a flint
scraper, at a depth of i^ foot (4 on plan and section). On the
"old surface line" at i, but outside the bounds of the internal
mound of mould, a large, white, flint scraper, was found. All
the other relics were discovered in the mound of mould and
on the old surface line on which the barrow was thrown up.
The chief flint implements found in this mound of mould
were : A saw, a hollow-scraper of a rare type, portion of a
chipped celt, a well-formed scraper, a knife, a fabricator or
flaking-tool, and an extremely fine borer. No polishing or
grinding was observed on any of the flint implements discovered
here. At 5 an important piece of pottery was unearthed, a
fragment of an early Bronze Age beaker; we say "early," in
accordance with the Hon. John Abercromby's recent papers on
the subject.* In patches near the centre of the barrow im-
perfectly-fired red clay was found.
Detailed Description of the " Finds " found in the Cutting. The
following descriptive list represents the relics found in the
barrow, other than those connected with the interments. All
are marked on the plan, Plate I., and are projected into the
sectional diagram at their respective depths :
Found outside the Mound of Mould.
1. Large white flint scraper of horse-shoe form, with pro-
minent bulb and good example of conchoidal fracture ; depth
0*5 foot, on the old surface line outside mound of mould.
2. Fragment of thin Romano-British pottery, red on outside,
greyish-brown on inside, depth 0*3 foot in surface mould.
* Journal Anthrop. lust., Vol. XXXII., pp. 373 396: and Proc., Soc. Antiq.
Scot., Vol. XXXVIII., pp. 324410.
io BARROW-DIGGING AT MARTINSTOWN.
3. Fragment of ditto, depth 0^5 foot in surface mould.
4. Flint scraper of oval form, but only slightly worked,
depth i '5 foot in chalk rubble.
Found in the " Mound of Mould " and on the Old Surface Line.
5. Fragment of thin pottery of the Early Bronze Age beaker
type, ornamented with lines of square indentations close together ;
light red on both sides, black in the interior ; depth 5 feet.
6. Worked flint of no particular interest, depth 3*4 feet.
7. Ditto ,, 3 feet.
8. Flint flake, worked and showing indications of prolonged
use, depth 4*2 feet.
9. Flint saw (Plate III., No. 9), consisting of a long, narrow,
thin flake, with fine serrations along one edge 21 teeth in a
length of 19 mm. ; along the opposite edge is a notch, worked,
probably used for needle-shafting. Depth 6*2 feet.
10. Grey flint implement (Plate III., No. io), of a type which
has sometimes been described as a hollow-scraper, and almost
precisely similar to Evans, ist edit., p. 291, fig. 231, from the
Yorkshire Wolds* and Pitt-Rivers, Vol. IV., Plate 3 1 1, fig. 7, from
Martin Down Camp, South Wilts (Farnham Museum, N. Dorset).
It is of somewhat triangular form, with sides of 40 mm., 38 mm.,
and 34 mm. respectively ; one edge is straight, another is concave,
the third convex. One angle is rounded, the others pointed.
One face is flat and unchipped, the other face has finely chipped
and bevelled edges on the straight and concave side ; the convex
edge is only slightly serrated and is bounded at about 12 mm.
from the edge by a ridge across the implement. The cross-
section in every direction is bi-convex. Greatest thickness
4*5 mm. Depth from the surface, 6*7 feet.
u. Butt end of a roughly-chipped flint celt (Plate III.,
No. n); greatest thickness 18 mm.; the end is rounded and
* Exhibited in the Mortimer Museum at Driffield. See Catalogue, 1900, p. 59,
fig. 37.
BARROW-DIGGING AT AiARTINSTOWN. ii
bevelled off from both faces ; it shows indications of little or no
use. Depth 5'8 feet.
12. An extremely fine flint borer (Plate III., No. 12), consist-
ing of a flint flake with a tapering and projecting spur, so fine
that it would serve admirably for boring the eyes of bone
needles such as have been frequently found in the French caves.
In this instance the two curved sweeps by which the boring part
of the tool is formed have been chipped from the opposite faces
of the flake, so that the cutting-edges are at opposite angles of
the blade, which is of rhomboidal section. Such a tool is, of
course, well adapted for boring by being turned in the hole
continuously in one direction. The secondary chipping extends
on both edges nearly to the base of the instrument. It is
composed of greyish-brown translucent flint. The bulb of
percussion is well marked on one face and exhibits a good
example of eraillure. The very tip of the borer appears to
have been broken off. Total length, 30 mm. ; width at base
26 mm. ; greatest thickness 6*5 mm. Found at a depth of
7-5 feet.
13. Large, oval, flint scraper (Plate III., No. 13), of blackish-
brown colour, with secondary chipping at end and on one side ;
the bulb side presents a considerable curvature, to a depth of
6 mm. Found at a depth of 7 feet from the surface, at top of
the cairn of flints.
14. Long, duckbill-shaped flint scraper, of a slaty colour, with
a "squared" scraping-edge, and a well-defined median ridge
running along back, giving a triangular cross -section to the
implement. Depth 8*2 feet.
15. Portion of an implement of yellowish-brown translucent
flint, finely chipped on one face. Possibly the larger part of a
fabricator (Plate III., No. 15). Depth 4 feet.
1 6. Broken flint implement, bearing excellent examples of
conchoidal fracture and ripple-flaking. The smooth face
exhibits a prominent bulb of percussion. Depth 6*7 feet.
17. Black flint scraper, with a very obtuse bevelled edge at
upper end. Depth 7*8 feet.
12 BARROW-DIGGING AT MARTINSTOWN.
1 8. Finely curved, dark brown, flint flake, with four dorsal
ridges, the edges slightly worked ; at one end is a small finely-
worked recess. Depth 5*3 feet.
19. Flint knife (Plate III., No. 19), of a somewhat long and
narrow ovate form ; light yellowish-brown colour ; concavo-
convex cross-section ; finely-worked, particularly along one of
the edges, oblique dorsal ridge across the implement. Greatest
length, 63 mm. ; greatest width, 27 mm. Depth 8'4 feet.
20. Bluish-grey flint end-scraper, finely-worked ; of an
elongated type ; the under-face presents an ogee curve ; the
bevelled " business-end " is very acute ; outer coating of the
flint covers nearly one-half of the chipped side. Depth 8'6 feet.
21. A very roughly-chipped flint scraper, found on the old
surface line.
22. Flint arrow-shafter, or hollow-scraper, of a slaty colour;
dorsal ridge lengthwise, which bifurcates near base ; the notch
is almost semi-circular and not finely chipped. Found on the
old surface line.
23. Clumsy, white flint hollow-scraper, roughly chipped,
having incurved cutting-edges on opposite sides. Found on the
old surface line.
24. Horseshoe-shaped flint scraper, with large prominent
bulb on its lower face ; the bevelled edges finely chipped. It
has been in contact with fire. Found on the old surface line.
25. Large flint scraper, with semi-circular bevelled "business-
end," rather roughly chipped. The base and part of one side of
the scraper are surmounted by a raised portion of the outer
coating of the flint from which the scraper was formed, giving
an excellent grip for the thumb. The implement shows little
signs of wear. Found on the old surface line.
26. Long, narrow, light grey-coloured, flint fabricator, or
flaking-tool (Plate III., No. 26), of almost plano-convex section
across the middle, well formed and chipped, and having a very
smooth surface on both faces, indicating prolonged use ; 7 1 mm.
in length ; greatest width, 18 mm.; greatest thickness, 10 mm.
It presents a blunted, worn, and rounded appearance at the
BARROW-DIGGING AT MARTINSTOWN. 13
edges, resulting from attrition against hard substances. Found
i '3 foot above the old surface line.
27. Rough flint implement, of quadrangular cross-section ; it
appears to have been fractured subsequently to manufacture.
Depth 7*8 feet from the surface, at the top of cairn of flints.
Excavation into the Ditch. During the excavation of the
cutting through the barrow the attention of the investigators
was also turned to the ditch which apparently encircled the
barrow. The spot chosen was at a point where the ditch was
fairly well marked viz., in continuation of the main cutting and
on the south, where the surface of the silting was about i foot
lower than the level of the adjacent land. This cutting was
also made 6 feet wide. At a depth of 0*4 foot in mould
(29 on Plan and Section), a duckbill-shaped flint scraper was
found, having a sharp dorsal ridge and presenting a triangular
cross- section. The rounded "business-end," however, shows
little indication of secondary chipping. At a lower level viz.,
o - 8 foot a worked flint flake was unearthed (30 on Plan and
Section). Nothing else was found here but 91 flint flakes and a
flint core.* The hard chalk floor of the fosse was reached at a
depth of 3 '5 feet from the surface of the silting. The width at
the top proved to be 10*4 feet, at bottom 4*5 feet. The sides of
the ditch were slightly incurved, as shown in the sectional
diagram. The filling consisted chiefly of mould, with about
i foot of chalk rubble at the bottom.
It is quite probable that the chalk obtained during the
formation of the encircling fosse was, after the burial obsequies,
thrown over the large mound of mould, and formed the chalk
rubble and outer covering of the barrow.
The condition of the sides of this somewhat shallow ditch did
not suggest what tools were used in its formation, but, as the
writers are of opinion that the date of the barrow should
be assigned to a period considerably anterior to the fully-
developed Bronze Age, the probability is that stone chisels and
* One flint core was also found in the main cutting of barrow.
.14 BARROW-DIGGING AT MARTINSTOVN.
mauls and deer-horn antlers * (picks) were used rather than
bronze celts and palstaves in the process of construction. Near
the bottom of the Angle Ditch on Handley Down, Dorset,
General Pitt-Rivers found the chalk sides of the ditch distinctly
scored with nearly vertical indentations, or " spud-marks,"
which he suggested might have been caused by some kind of
spud or palstave being forced downwards. f The Angle Ditch
was proved to be of the Bronze Age, but, judging from the
nature of the relics discovered in it, it appears to be of
somewhat later Bronze Age date than the barrow under con-
sideration.
Interments in the Barrow. The barrow, or rather that portion
of it which was excavated probably not more than one-tenth of
the whole structure produced two distinct interments.
A little to the north of the centre of the main cutting, and on
the level of the old surface line, a nearly circular ring or wall of
large flints was discovered (indicated on the plan) ; greatest
diameter, 6 feet. Within this enclosure, at 26, and at a level of
i '3 foot above the old surface line, the flint fabricator, previously
described, was found. On the north-east of this enclosure,
jambed between two flints on the inner edge of the ring, and
at a depth of 10-3 feet from the surface of the barrow, a bronze
knife-dagger was discovered at the spot marked 280 on Plan and
Section, and Plate IV. It was, unfortunately, fractured near the
tip by the weight of the superincumbent material, and was coated
in parts by what at once appeared to be the remains of its wooden
sheath, in which perhaps the chief interest centres. It is of a
somewhat highly-developed form of knife-dagger, and of a type
not uncommonly found with interments of about the middle of
the Bronze period. In its present state it is 5$ inches in
length, being about 6J inches long in its original condition. It
* See " Arbor Low Excavations " by H. St. G. Gray, Archaeologia,
Vol. LVIIL, pt. 2, p. 469.
t Excavations in Cranborne Chase, Vol. IV., p. 104. This reference may
prove of value to archaeologists engaged in the re-excavation of ditches.
BARROW-DIGGING AT MARTINSTOWN. 1 5
was provided with three rivets (portions of two of which remain)
for attaching the blade to the handle, which was probably
composed of some perishable material. The greater part of the
blade is, unfortunately, much corroded, but those parts not so
affected are finely patinated. It has the usual bevelled edges on
both sides of the blade, and is ornamented by two indented
lines running parallel to the cutting-edges. The thickness of
the blade along the median ridge, which is not very pronounced,
is about 6 mm. (^ inch).
The remains of the wooden sheath of this knife-dagger are
extremely interesting, and small portions of it still adhere to the
corroded bronze. The rest flaked off the blade when it became
quite dry. It was, however, closely examined at the time of its
discovery, when it was observed that the fibre of the wood ran
transversely and formed a broad band round the mouth of the
sheath, whilst the fibres of the wood in the remaining parts were
seen to be vertical. "The find" was sent without delay to
Mr. C. H. Read, F.S.A., of the British Museum, who, after a
careful examination, wrote :
" There was a carefully-made mouth to the sheath, but I do
not quite understand it, for there are no signs of a rebate
joining the transverse portion to the vertically-fibred part."
Through his kindness the dagger and remains of its sheath
were sent to Sir W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, K.C.M.G., Royal
Gardens, Kew, where the wood was microscopically examined
by Mr. L. A. Boodle, who wrote the following report :
"The wood belongs to a species of Salix (willow). The
determination is based chiefly on: (i) The arrangement and
.size of the vessels, the simple nature of the perforations of the
latter, the size and shape of the bordered pits; (2) the large
proportion of fibres in the remainder of the woody tisSue ; (3)
the numerous medullary rays one cell in thickness, the propor-
tional size of the two kinds of cells forming the medullary rays,
and the nature of the pitting of the shorter of these cells. The
wood of Populus is very similar, but the proportional size of the
different cells of the medullary rays sufficiently distinguishes it.
1 6 BARROW-DIGGING AT MARTINSTOWN.
Bark is attached to the wood, but its structure is badly
preserved."
Between 280 and 2 83 (see Plan), a distance of 3 feet, a black
burnt deposit * was observed. It was of unusually fine texture,
and appeared to be the remains and ashes of a very complete
cremation. This material increased in bulk as the excavation
was extended westward from 280. To the west of 2 83 it ceased,
and at this point, where the burnt material was most plentiful,
three fragments of an ornamental "incense-cup" were dis-
covered, which, on being washed, were found to belong to the
same vessel, and to fit together. (Fig. 28$, PI. IV.) From the
circumstances of the finding it was evident that these pieces had
been deposited here as fragments. Other portions of the vessel
were eagerly sought for, but without success, and only part of
the bottom and side of the " incense-cup " were recovered. The
rim was entirely absent, but enough remains to enable us to
state that the diameter of the base was about 2f inches. The
decoration on the side, consisting of a twisted cord pattern
arranged horizontally and crosswise, is of quite a usual character;
but the cup is of particular interest from the fact that it is
ornamented on the base viz., by triangular punch-marks
arranged concentrically. These marks are in the form of
isosceles triangles, the apex being deeply indented, whilst the
base is represented by the surface of the bottom of the cup.
Somewhat similar indentations are seen on a Bronze Age vessel
in the Dorset County Museum (No. 93) found in the smaller
Clandown Barrow in i882.f Deep triangular indentations are
also seen on an urn found in a barrow on the Ridge way Hill in
February, 1837 (Hall Collection, Dorset County Museum).
Near the " incense-cup," and embedded in the burnt material,
a small flint flake with well-marked eraillure was found. On the
northern side of the enclosure just described nodules of flint
were very plentiful, and soon it became apparent that the
* This has not- yet been examined by an expert microscopist.
t Figured in Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot., Vol. XXXVIII., p. 382, No. 54.
BARROW-DIGGING AT MARTINSTOWN. 1J
arrangement of them had some significance. (See sectional
diagram, PI. I.) As the excavation was pushed forward in a
N.N.W. direction, the nodules were seen to be continuous, and
were found at a higher level as the work progressed. It was, there-
fore, obvious that the flints represented a stone cairn, the precise
size of which could only be ascertained approximately owing to
its extending considerably beyond the limits of the main cutting
on the north-west. The cutting was, however, widened to a
certain extent at this point, and it was fortunate that this was
done, as a most interesting interment by inhumation, undoubt-
edly the primary interment, rewarded the excavators for the
hard work entailed in removing the greater part of the cairn of
flints.
The southern corner of the grave, cut out of the solid chalk,
was soon discovered at a distance of 10-4 feet from the central
picket of the barrow in a northerly direction. As the western
corner of the grave proved to be 4 feet from the edge of the
main cutting, and although, as stated before, the cutting was
considerably widened here, this wall or side had to be consider-
ably " underpicked " to afford room to uncover the interment in
a systematic manner.
The upper edges of the oblong grave, measuring 5 '8 feet by
37 feet, having been laid bare, great care was bestowed in
removing the chalk rubble which filled the grave. Both above
and below the upper edges of the grave a quantity of fragmentary
human remains (including pieces of skull, some abnormally
thick, in one or two cases 9 mm.) and many flint flakes were
found mixed with the chalk rubble and the nodules of flint.
At this stage it was found impossible to continue to preserve
and count the flint flakes found in the barrow. The investi-
gators, however, think it desirable to record that 1,298 flint
flakes were counted, many of the best being preserved.
The skull of the skeleton (Plate IV.), was discovered resting on
the bottom of the grave on its right side and facing north-east.
As will be seen by reference to the plan and the photograph of
the interment (PI. V.), the skeleton was in a contracted posture,
1 8 BARROW-DIGGING AT MARTINSTOWN.
the vertebral column, however, being fairly straight. The legs
were drawn up to very acute angles at the knees, especially in
the case of the right leg. The depth from the surface of the
barrow, vertically, to the bottom of the grave under the feet of
the skeleton was 12-4 feet. Between the skull and knees the
food-vessel, represented in PI. IV., Fig. 31, was found, with the
left arm resting across one side of the rim and the right arm
underneath the vessel. Although the pot was cracked by the
weight of the superincumbent chalk and flints, it was removed
from the grave in a fairly complete state. The handle, in which
the chief interest centres on account of its rarity, was not lost
during the removal of the food-vessel, but was evidently deficient
at the time of interment. This is made clear (i) from the fact
that the stumps of the handle did not present clean fractures,
and (2) because, after considerable search, the missing portions
were not discovered.
This rare form of food-vessel is well worthy of a full descrip-
tion. It holds 71 fluid ounces. The photograph (PI. IV.,
Fig- 3 l \ represents it at a scale of linear. The exterior
diameter at rim averages 7^ inches (it is not quite circular) ;
height, 4! inches ; maximum thickness of sides round rim,
f inch. The sides are almost vertical from the rim to 2 inches
below it, from which point to the base the vessel gradually
lessens in diameter, being 4^ inches at the bottom.
With regard to the decoration, the pot is divided into three
sections horizontally, each section being separated by a pair of
continuous lines of oblong punch-marks conjoined. These
lines are very irregular and broken in places, and average J inch
apart. Each of the two upper sections is ornamented by three
rows of lozenge-shaped punch-marks. The lines are closer
together in the upper section, and individually the indentations
are closer together than in the section below. The length of
the lozenges averages 8*5 mm., and the width 5^5 mm. The
lower section is undecorated. The small remaining portion of
the handle bears distinct traces of having been ornamented in
the same manner as the body of the vessel. The top of the
fcARROW-DIGGING AT MARTINSTOWN. 1 9
handle is inch from the rim, the total height of the handle
being zf inches. The colour of the vessel is a light reddish-
brown ; it consists of clay, apparently without any grains of
quartz or other material, and, therefore, is an example of the
" No. 2 British Pottery " of Pitt-Rivers.
\<&<&O4 r .
A food-vessel very closely resembling that under consideration
and especially with regard to its form was found in a barrow
at Frome Whitfield, in which three human skeletons, &c.,
were also found (Dorset County Museum, No. Cioi). This
food-vessel is ornamented with two bands of roughly-incised
horizontal lines, between which are similar incised lines
arranged in chevrons. Another one-handled food-vessel, about
2-J inches in height, was found in 1895 by Mr. J. C. Mansel-
Pleydell in a barrow at Bagber, near Milton Abbas (Dorset
County Museum, No. C52). One, apparently very small, from
Dorset is figured by Jewitt.* Another of this type, ^\ inches in
height and 4 inches in diameter at mouth, was found before
1868 in the Isle of Portland, with " the handle, or ear, at one
side, precisely resembling that of the modern teacup." f
* Grave Mounds, p. 106, Fig. 120.
t Archaeological Journal, Vol. XXV., p. 49, Fig. 5.
20 BARROW-DIGGING AT MARTINSTOWN.
This type of vessel was classed under the head of " Culinary
Pottery" by Dr. John Thurnam in his famous paper on "Ancient
British Barrows " in the forty-third volume of " Archaeologia."
He describes pots belonging to this type as being " plain, semi-
globular vessels, with bowed handles (one handle), holding
about a pint, resembling the common vessels known as pipkins."
He figures one in PI. 29, Fig. 10, from a barrow at Collingburn
Ducis (Devizes Museum). A one-handled vessel, with four feet,
was found by Sir R. Colt Hoare in a barrow at Woodyates.*
With regard to these examples, Thurnam says: "Both were with
unburnt bodies and seem to have taken the place of more
befitting drinking-cups or food-vessels." f
The same applies to the somewhat larger pipkin found by the
Rev. J. H. Austen in a barrow on Ballard Down, near Ulwell, in
the Isle of Purbeck, 1856 or 1857.
Amongst the small handled cups must be mentioned one from
Wereham, Norfolk, 4 inches high, and now in the Cambridge
Museum. The British Museum possesses a handled cup from
Denzell, Cornwall ; height, 3! inches. J A one-handled cup,
5f inches high, of quite a different type to our Martinstown
specimen, was found in a cist at Balmuick, near Comrie,
Perthshire, and is in the possession of Colonel Williamson, of
Lawers.
The Dorset County Museum (No. C&4) also contains another
interesting one-handled vessel of the Bronze Age, found with
a human skeleton in a circular cist 3 feet in diameter, and
3i feet from the surface, at Wynford Eagle. || It is of tankard
shape, about 5f inches in height, with perfectly vertical sides,
and with one bowed handle projecting from the middle of the
side. A series of pottery vessels with single and double handles
from German barrows is exhibited in the British Museum.
* Ancient Wiltshire, Vol. I., p. 237, PI. 33, Fig. 2.
t Purbeck Papers, I., 159, Fig. 2. Warne's Celtic Tumuli, III., 71.
J Figured in The Connoisseur, Vol. IX., p. 186.
Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scotland, XVIII., 307, and Anderson's Scotland in Pagan
Times (Bronze and Stone Ages), Fig. 97.
|| Warne's Celtic Tumuli, p. 36.
BARROW-DIGGING AT MARTlNSTOWN. it
Beakers, or drinking-cups, with one handle, are also extremely
rare. A fine example of this type was found at March
(Cambs.) l ; another at Pickering (North Riding of Yorks) l ;
and another at Appledore (Berks) 2 , in 1828. A one-handled
drinking-vessel, height 7^ inches, was found by Canon Green-
well at Goodmanham, E. Riding, Yorks a . Another comes from
Denton, near Grantham 4 ; and another was found at Brixworth
in 1890 5 .
Incense-cups, too, in very exceptional cases are provided with
handles. Perhaps the two best known examples are those from
Darley Dale (Derbyshire) 6 , and Bagnalstown (Carlow) 7 .
Another, which originally had four handles, was found at
Badbury (Dorset) 8 . ,
On the east side of the grave the solid chalk had been cut
away to form a slight ledge or shelf, shown in the plan. On
this ledge, which was sloped off towards the bottom of the
grave, the osteological remains of three infants were found,
indicated by a star in the plan and a section, and, between them
and the contracted human skeleton and handled food-vessel, a
smaller food-vessel, no doubt connected with the burial of the
infants, was found, and was removed entire. It holds y fluid
ounces. The photograph (Plate IV., Fig. 32), represents it
f linear; it is s^in. high; exterior diameter at rim 3 Jin. ;
diameter at base 2in. ; thickness at rim i^in. ; thickness at base
in. It is of a light reddish-brown colour, and corresponds to
the No. 2 quality of British pottery of Pitt-Rivers, without any
1 Figured in The Connoisseur, Vol. IX., p. 185. Now in the Ely Museum.
2 Archaeologia, Vol. XLIIL, p. 397.
3 British Barrows, Fig. 86, p. 99. Now in the British Museum.
4 Figured in The Connoisseur, Vol. VIII., p. 250.
5 Figured in The Connoisseur, Vol. IX., p. 186. Now in Northampton
Museum.
6 Archaeologia, Vol. XLIIL, p. 358; The Reliquary, IV., 205, PI. XXII.;
Grave Mounds, p. 107, Fig. 68. This example was found with a cinerary urn.
Jewitt in Grave Mounds gives another (Fig. 70) without locality.
7 Archaeologia, Vol. XLIIL, p. 365.
8 Arch. Journal, Vol. III., p. 351.
22 BARROW-DIGGING AT MARTINSTOWN.
quartz grains in its composition. The surface of this food-
vessel, which is very uneven, has no ornamentation. The west,
south-west, south, and south-east walls of the grave presented a
smooth face of solid chalk. The sides of the grave in the other
parts appear to have been built up with large slabs of chalk.
The skeleton proved to be male, and two views of the skull,
viz., norma later alis and norma fadalis, are figured in Plate IV.,
Fig. 33, at a scale of J linear. These human remains, being of
considerable importance from a racial point of view, were
submitted to Dr. J. G. Garson, Assist. Genl. Sec. of the British
Association, and through his kindness we are able to add a
valuable Appendix to this paper.
Further excavations are the only means of determining
whether the barrow contains any other primary interments in
clean-cut graves in the chalk. Tt will be observed on reference
to the plan that the secondary interment by cremation, "286"
(with bronze knife-dagger at " 28A"), is in a far more central
position in the barrow than the primary interment by
inhumation.
It seems to the investigators quite probable although there
is nothing to afford proof that a cairn of flints was thrown over
the primary interment and covered, perhaps, by a little mould or
turf, and that subsequently (probably at no great interval of
time) to the secondary interment by cremation being deposited
on the "old surface line" a larger mound was formed, this
latter interment being regarded as approximately in the centre
of the barrow.
It might be recorded here that bronze knives and daggers are
more frequently found with burnt bodies than with unburnt
ones. Out of 60 recorded by Thurnam from Wiltshire Barrows,
1 6 only were found with skeletons, whilst 44. were associated
with cremated remains.*
At the conclusion of the operations in May, 1903, the large
cutting through Barrow i was filled in and re-turfed.
* Archceologia, Vol. XLIIL, p. 442.
BARROW-DIGGING AT MARTINSTOWN. 23
EXCAVATION OF BARROWS ^ AND 3.
The excavations at Martinstown were resumed on September
3rd, 1903, and continued for seven working days till September
nth. On this occasion the camp was pitched about a furlong
due south of Mr. Hawkins' barn. The spot selected was itself
possibly a Bronze Age burial-ground ; the tents were erected in
a circular depression which at a first glance might be taken for
the site of a formerly-existing pond. We failed to find any
evidence of its having been lined with clay. The depression is
encompassed by a bank measuring 76 feet in diameter and about
3 feet above the surrounding field, the crest of the bank being
about 4^ feet above the centre of the shallow, basin-shaped
depression. The crow-bar was brought into requisition here,
and was found to strike hard substance, probably flints, within a
few inches of the surface. We believe that these depressions
have been very infrequently observed by archaeologists else-
where, although we are unable to say whether any have been
excavated.
BARROW 2.
Barrow 2 is marked on the Ordnance Sheets, and is situated
in an arable field at a distance of i mile to the S.S.E. of
Barrow i and only a few feet from the western hedge of the
field. Its elevation on the surface was very slight not more
than a foot for which the plough, of course, is responsible. In
a few years' time all trace of it would have disappeared ; and it
was for this particular reason that we turned our attention to it.
Being so flattened, it was thought unnecessary to make any sort
of plan of the site.
We started here, in the usual way, by digging a narrow trench
north and south, and had only proceeded about a foot below the
surface, and the same distance from the end of the trench, when
we came on the edge of a grave hewn out of the solid chalk.
This edge was traced all round, and in so doing a large quantity
of nodular flints, mixed with chalk rubble, was removed,
24 BARROW-DIGGING AT MARTlNSTOWN.
together with numerous human bones, as well as some burnt
bones. The unburnt remains included several nearly entire
femora, tibiae, and humeri. This cairn of flints and its
accompanying human remains resembled those found in
Barrows i and 3. These flints, which were reached at a depth
of 6 inches from the surface, were found to extend within a few
inches of the bottom of the grave. Amongst them one flint
scraper (Plate VI., top right-hand corner), and a few flint flakes
were found ; also 15 fragments of pottery of the No. ^ quality of
British, including ten small fragments (some ornamented with
finger-nail marks) which appeared to belong to one vessel, and
a piece of rim decorated externally and internally by lines of
twisted-cord pattern (Plate VI., at top). A. somewhat similar
fragment of rim was found in Barrow 26, Handley Down.*
A continuation of the excavation here resulted in the
uncovering of a contracted human skeleton, lying on its right
side, at the bottom of a grave cut in the hard chalk. The
following are the dimensions of the grave :
Depth from summit of barrow, 3*7 feet.
Depth in the solid chalk, 2*2 feet.
Length of grave at top, 7-6 feet.
Do. bottom, 6'7 feet.
Greatest width at top, 5 feet.
Do. bottom, 3*7 feet.
The grave more or less squared at feet-end, rounded at
head-end.
Skull, i -7 feet from S.E. end of grave.
Fairly flat bottom to grave.
Slight ledge on N.E. side, on which a few fragments of
the pottery were found.
Smooth chalk walls on all sides except the S.W.
The skeleton was found to be contracted in the general
direction of E. 46 S. It lay rather nearer the N.E. side of the
grave than the S.W. side, and the skull was at a distance of
* Excavations in Cranborne Chase, Vol. IV., Plate 294, Fig. 2.
BARROW-DIGGING AT MARTINSTOWN. 25
Z2 feet from the hedge of the field to the west. The skull,
facing north, was much damaged, and the skeleton was not in a
good state of preservation. The measurement from top of skull
to tip of toes was 3*9 feet, and the width from right patella to
back of pelvis 2*1 feet. The knees were drawn up at a very
acute angle. The left hand rested on the right forearm ; the
right hand below right side of ilium. The epiphyses of the
bones were not attached, the age being about 19 years;
probably male. The approximate length of the right femur
was taken as 1*475 feet, and the right tibia 1*2 feet, giving an
estimated stature, according to Rollet's method, of 5ft. 5'2in.
No relics were found with this skeleton, and being so young
and much fractured, and therefore useless for scientific purposes,
the remains were carefully covered up, a leaden plate being
deposited with it bearing the date of excavation and the names
of the explorers.
BARROW 3.
Its Sittiation and Size. Barrow 3 is in the same arable field
as Barrow 2, a lane connecting the Ridgeway with Martinstown
and Dorchester dividing the barrows from the barn. To be
more precise, Barrow 3 is situated 70 feet from the western
hedge of the field and 125 paces from the northern hedge. It
is also 125 paces to the N.N.E. of Barrow 2 and ij furlong
south-east cf Barrow i.
Barrow 3 has, like Barrow 2, been much reduced in height by
agriculture and the plough, but not nearly to such a great extent
as the much smaller Barrow, No. 2.
A plan was made as the work of excavation proceeded, but
contours were in this case considered unnecessary. Approxi-
mately, the barrow is 93 feet in diameter, and at the present
time about ^\ feet above the old surface line, at the highest
part, although, no doubt, it originally stood as high as the turf-
clad Barrow No. i. We are unable to say with certainty whether
Barrow 3 was enclosed within a ditch, and time did not allow of
it being tested.
26 fiARROW-DIGGlNG AT MARTlNSTOWN.
Excavation of the Barrow. As in the case of Barrow i, a
cutting was commenced on the south, 6 feet wide, and was
extended in a N.N.E. direction * to a distance of 35 feet. Owing
to the discovery of graves and various relics as the sketch-plan
shows the original 6 feet cutting had to be greatly enlarged on
both sides as the work went forward. All the ground within
the area of the plan was excavated down to the undisturbed
chalk.
The miscellaneous "finds," apart from the interments, were
numbered from i to 20, and consisted for the most part of flint
implements, the majority being scrapers. The most important
of these relics were two chipped knives with ground and
polished cutting-edges, a few beautifully-formed scrapers, and a
thick, circular disc of Kimmeridge Shale.
Detailed Description of the Relics found in the Cutting.
(All marked in the Plan, Plate VII., and the same numbers are
used as Fig. Nos. in Plate VI.)
1. Circular flint scraper (Plate VI. ), of a light bluish-white
colour, translucent, with portion of the outer coating of the
flint on the upper surface ; finely chipped all round the bevelled
edges ; large and prominent bulb of percussion on the lower
surface. Depth i foot.
2. Long tongue-shaped flint scraper. Depth i foot.
3. Flint scraper of long horseshoe-shaped variety; fine ogee-
curve on bulb side. Depth i foot.
4. Small circular flint scraper (Plate VI.), with a very short
tang. Depth 2^3 feet in chalk rubble.
5. Portion of a large bluish-white flint knife (Plate VI.);
finely-chipped to a crescentic cutting-edge on one face ; on
the other the edge has been bevelled by grinding and polish-
ing; some deep facets (some more recent than the time of
* The line of the cutting was not true N. and S., but 31 east of Magnetic
North.
BARROW-DIGGING AT MARTtKSTOWK. 27
manufacture of the implement) have spoilt the appearance of
this face. Found at a depth of 2-3 feet in chalk rubble.
6. Thin scraper of a slaty-coloured flint. Depth 2 feet in
mould.
7. Circular scraper of bluish-white flint, chipped all round
the edges. Depth 2-2 feet in chalk rubble.
8. Long, worked flake, with longitudinal dorsal ridge.
Depth 2 feet.
9. Two flint scrapers, one of circular form ; the other of a
dark slaty-colour, and of duck-bill- form. Depth i '4 foot.
10. Thin flint scraper (Plate VI.), of light-brownish colour
and horse-shoe shape ; the bevelled edge very finely worked.
Depth i '3 foot.
11. Two scrapers. Depth 1-3 foot.
12. Thin, well-worked flint scraper (Plate VI.), nearly
circular. Depth 1*5 foot.
13. Flint scraper. Depth n foot.
14. Flint scraper, with large eraillure on the bulb of
percussion. Depth r6 foot.
15. A large quantity of burnt matter or decayed wood (?).
Apparently not a cremated interment.
1 6. Small, thick, flint scraper, with semi-circular bevelled
edge.
17. Fragment of British pottery, without quartz grains, black
on inside, red on exterior ; ornamented by three parallel rows of
indented bands.
1 8. A flat, thin, flint knife of somewhat ovate form
(Plate VI.); the crescentic cutting-edge, rather bluntly-bevelled
by grinding from both faces. On the opposite side is a deep
notch, chipped probably for arrow-shafting ; both faces of the
implement present excellent examples of conchoidal fracture,
and it has every appearance of being in continuous use for a
long period. It was picked up on the surface of the barrow.
ig. Flake, with a slightly-worked notch, of no particular
interest. Flint flakes were plentiful throughout the barrow. A
few cores were also found.
2 8 BARROW-DIGGING AT MARTINSTOWN.
20. Circular disc of Kimmeridge Shale, diameter 25 mm.,
thickness 15 mm. In the centre of both the flat ends there is a
slight and small indentation ; precise use of object unknown.
Found close to the chalk floor, near " Hole." (See Plan.)
Interments in the Barrow. In the excavation of this barrow
we were rewarded by the discovery of three interments of the
Bronze Age, viz., two primary ones by inhumation and a
secondary one by cremation.
Secondary Interment by Cremation. Exactly on the line of the
cutting on the west side, and at a distance of 1 5 feet from the
southern end of the cutting, we firstly came to a pottery vessel,
which appeared to be close to the surface of the depressed
summit of the barrow, and it was therefore found necessary to
clear a space for a foot or two round the pot. The true nature
of the discovery soon revealed itself a large British cinerary
urn inverted,* resting on an irregular slab of stone, now
measuring about 15 Jin. x 12 Jin., and 2in. thick,f covering the
burnt remains j of a child (or children) of about 5 years
of age, wrapped in what appeared to be a woven bag or
* Thurnam supports Hoare's assertion that Bronze Age cinerary urns are
" much more frequently" found inverted than otherwise.
We do not agree with this. The position of urns discovered by Hoare in
Wiltshire is only named in 30 instances, and of these 14 were erect and
16 inverted.
It is quite probable that he made a point of recording those that were inverted,
the position being naturally more striking.
Canon Greenwell says that the urns were " usually deposited standing upright,
but very frequently reversed over the bones " (Brit. Barrows, p. 14).
Of the 52 cremated interments found by General Pitt- Rivers connected with
Barrow 24, Handley Hill, 47 contained burnt bones and pottery (including
several complete urns and portions of urns), 4 burnt bones without pottery, and
1 wood ashes but no bones or pottery. Two only of the urns were found in an
inverted position !
t At one corner the stone bears a mark where portion of the rim of the urn
rested.
J Cremated remains of the Bronze Age are not always found in or under urns,
although in Dorset they have been found enclosed in urns in proportion of three
to one. In Wilts, according to Hoare, on the other hand, the proportion is only
one to three. At Cleveland Mr. Atkinson found that, out of 50 burials by
cremation, the bones were deposited in an urn in 32 cases.
According to Canon Greeuwell, burnt bones are found enclosed in urns much
less frequently 011 the Yorkshire Wolds than in other parts of England.
BARROW-DIGGING AT MARTINSTOWN.
2 9
pouch. We are not aware that anything precisely similar has
been found elsewhere ; probably the occurrence of textile fabrics
in barrows has never been recorded by those who have merely
" rifled " barrows, Thurnam, however, quotes a few instances
of the finding of textile fabrics with cremated interments.*
Far from the bag being in a
condition to remove entire, it
was only possible to preserve a
few fragments, the best of which
are represented in the accom-
panying illustration. A. repre-
sents portion of the external
upper margin of the bag, B. being
the internal view of the same
fragment. Several fragments of
C. were found ; and it probably
represents a piece of the string
with which the bag of incin-
erated remains was tied up.
Portions of the bag have been mi-
croscopically examined through
the kindness of Professor H. B.
Farmer, who has sent the follow-
ing report :
" The carbonised wrapping, a
sample of which you sent me,
is certainly not hemp, so far as
its condition makes identification
possible. There seem to be two,
at any rate, plants, one of which
is a grass.
" I should say that the twist is made primarily of grass stems,
with perhaps the leaves, and that there is an accidental mixture
of something else.
Portions of a Woven Bag
which contained the
Cremated Remains of
a Child. Barrow 3,
Martinstown.
* Archseologia, Vol. XLIIL, p. 326.
30 BARROW-DIGGING AT MAR.TINSTOWK.
"The grass stem I judge by the occasionally very well
preserved epidermis with characteristic cells and stomata.
Moreover, the woody parts are sufficiently present to lend
confirmatory evidence.
" I cannot say to what species it belonged.
" I think I may quite definitely say that none of the material
contained flax. I examined several samples, both of the
twisted bit and of the loose fragments, and all of them
were alike. There were no long strands such as would suggest
flax.
" The fact that the outside skin (epidermis) of the tissue was
preserved is strongly against the possibility of flax being che
substance used, as this would have been eliminated in the netting
processes."
The urn, the base of which was at a depth of only i '4 foot
from the surface, was found in a much shattered condition.
The fragments numbered about 150, and were for the most
part in their proper positions. It has now been carefully
restored, * and presents a very imposing appearance. It is
far above the usual size of a British cinerary urn, averaging
15 inches in height f; exterior diameter at rim averages
ijf inches; interior diameter, 13^- inches; circumference at
most prominent part below shoulder, 43^- inches ; diameter at
base, 6| inches ; average width of the overhanging rim, 3$ inches.
There is nothing unusual about the ornamentation, and the
photograph (Plate VIII.) is so excellent that it needs no
description. The ornamentation on the inside of the top of the
rim cannot, however, be seen. The rim contracts and slopes
inwards to a projecting ridge which is decorated with two
parallel bands of impressed cord ornament ; this is quite usual
with this type of urn. The pottery is of a dark brown colour,
and contains no grains of quartz or other grains, and in this
respect resembles all the other pottery found in these
* Restored by Mr. C. S. Prideaux.
t Greatest height, 15fin. ; least height, 13Jin.
BARROAV-DIGGING AT MARTINSTOWN. 31
Martinstown Barrows, corresponding, as we said before, with
the No. 2 British pottery of Pitt-Rivers.
A somewhat similar and very large urn, with overhanging rim,
was found by General Pitt-Rivers in Barrow 24, Handley Hill,
North Dorset. It was also inverted, and was one (No. 42) of no
less than 52 cremated interments connected with one barrow.*
With this Handley cremation one of the very rare bone tweezers
was found.f of which only two or three specimens are known
from Dorset.
This type of cinerary urn is figured by Thurnam in
Archaeologia f from a barrow on Beacon Hill, Mendip ; height,
i6i inches. A similar urn was found inverted over an interment
of burnt bones in a small barrow on Lamb Down, Codford,
Wilts; it is 16^ inches in height. Another was found by
Sir R. C. Hoare at Durrington, Barrow 69 ; height, 13^ inches. ||
Another of similar form was found by Hoare at Woodyates,^[
Barrow 17; height, 18^ inches. Numerous other instances of
this type of urn could be cited, but those quoted are sufficient
for the purpose.
There are at least three examples of cinerary urns of the type
of that under consideration, with overhanging rims, in the
Dorset County Museum. No. C8o is an unornamented
specimen of this class, height about 15^ inches, found many
years ago in a barrow formerly standing behind Sidney Terrace,
Dorchester. Two bronze daggers were found in this barrow
when it was destroyed in 1885. Another of "this class is
represented by Cy8, about 16^ inches in height, found with a
cremated interment at Winterborne Abbas. A third and smaller
* Excavations in Cranborne Chase, Vol. IV., Plate 301, Fig. 6.
t Op. cit., Vol. IV., Plate 298, Fig. 7.
J Vol. XLIIL, Plate xxx., Fig. 1.
Figured in "Catalogue of Antiquities in Devizes Museum" (Wilts Arch.
Soc.), Part I., the Stourhead Collection, 1896, p. 64.
|| Op. cit., p. 47.
IT Op. cit., p. 66 ; also Archseologia, Vol. XLIIL, p. 346.
32 BARROW-DIGGING AT MARTINSTOWN.
example is 37, about n inches high, found in a tumulus at
Bincombe Hewish in 1850.
Close to the urn in Barrow 3 a piece of decomposed granite
was found at a depth of 1*5 foot in mould.
Primary Interments by Inhumation.
Grave /. On the eastern line, or boundary, of the cutting,
the upper edge of Grave I., at the southern end, was found at a
distance of 7^ feet from the S.S.E. corner of the cutting, and the
edge at the northern end at a distance of 14^ feet from the
same point. In removing the filling of this grave it was found
that, owing to the existence of two distinct ledges, or steps, of
undisturbed chalk, the grave became more contracted as the
re-excavation proceeded. The grave, that is from the lower
ledge downwards, was found to be more or less elliptical ; length,
5 -4 feet ; greatest width, 37 feet. The bottom was reached at a
depth of 5 feet from the surface of the barrow and 2-3 feet below
the level of the surface of the solid chalk. The sides of the
grave were very smooth on the south, south-east, south-west,
and north-east, and fairly even all the way round. The filling
consisted of chalk rubble mixed with nodular flints, but not in
such large quantities as in Barrow 2, and not sufficient to justify
the name of "cairn" being introduced. Interspersed amongst
the filling a quantity of bones of young children were turned up,
and also fragments of decomposed or burnt wood.
The interment proved to be another contracted one, lying on
its right side a young male ; length of left femur, 1-52 foot; of
tibiae about 1*3 foot; giving an estimated stature of 5 feet
8 inches.
The feet were to the N.N.W. ; head to S.S.E., facing N.N.E. ;
skull much fractured. Length from top of head to toes, 4^2 feet ;
width from right knee to lumbar vertebrae, 2*2 feet.
The left humerus was resting across the top of the thorax, the
hand nearly reaching right femur. The hand of right arm was
11
ss
z ^
11
Plate III.
RELICS UNCONNECTED WITH THE INTERMENTS FOUND IN
BARROW i., MARTINSTOWN.
Plate IV.
RELICS CONNECTED WITH THE INTERMENTS FOUND IN BARROW I.,
MARTI NSTOWN, 1903.
[From photographs by IT. St. George Gray.
Plate VI.
i tfw ;/^a
i fep-Sv-yM^I
r~Sk f iSL*?^/l
4. i ,.,_
x^S*-' -~^ "7i^z: v-^
/T^/ V - V A 'jfe^Sii
if.S v ^ \''nV ' \ 7*A ''-.
te\/ V < r^T^r^
FLINT IMPLEMENTS AND POTTERY
FOUND IN BARROWS 2 AND 3, MARTINSTOWN, 1903.
(All except the two upper figures were found in Barrow 3.)
Plate VIII.
LARGE BRITISH URN FOUND INVERTED AND CONTAINING
THE CREMATED REMAINS OF A CHILD (SECONDARY
INTERMENT), BARROW 3, MARTI NSTOWN, 1903.
(Scale linear.)
[From a photograph by W. IVmncy.
Plate IX.
PRIMARY INTERMENT OF THE BRONZE AGE
FOUND IN GRAVE il., BARROW 3. MARTINSTOWN, 1903.
[From a photograph by W. Pouncy.
BARROW-DIGGING AT MARTINSTOWN. 33
drawn up over the right shoulder, the angle at the elbow being
very acute. The legs were much drawn up, as in all the
Martinstown cases ; the right knee was within 3 inches of the
side of the grave ; the right wrist only 2 inches from ditto ; the
feet almost touched the side of the grave on the N.N.W. The
vertebral column was in a fairly straight line.
As in the case of the skeleton in Barrow 2, this skeleton,
being in a bad state of preservation and of no interest for
anthropological measurements, was covered up after excavation,
the usual leaden tablet recording the excavation being deposited
with the skeleton.
There is no doubt about the Bronze Age date of this inter-
ment, for behind the vertebrae and on the bottom of the grave
the base and portion of the side (in fragments) of what was
apparently an ornamented food-vessel was found. (Plan,
Plate VII., "21.") The pot was 3! inches in diameter at the
base, the sides averaging f inch in thickness. It is of the
usual soft British quality, black inside and light reddish-brown
on the exterior. The indented ornamentation consists of bands
of chevrons pointing in opposite directions, with parallel
horizontal bands of conjoined oblong punch- marks between.
The chevrons are filled with elongated indentations, as shown
on the small fragment figured in Plate VI., Fig 21.
Grave II. On the western line of the cutting the S.S.W.
margin of Grave II. was found immediately after the removal of
the cremated interment, at a distance of 17 feet from the S.S.W.
corner of the main cutting, the northern margin of the grave on
the same line being 22 feet from the same point. The upper
margins of Graves I. and II. were separated by 3-4 feet of the
solid chalk floor.
This proved to be the most interesting of the three primary
interments found in Barrows 2 and 3, although in much the
same contracted posture. It is much to be regretted that no
relics whatever not even a fragment of pottery were associated
with this interment. An excellent photograph of it, in situ, is
represented in Plate IX.
34 BARROW-DIGGING AT MARTINSTOWN.
This fine grave was hewn to a depth of 3 feet into the solid
chalk, the depth from the surface to the bottom of the grave
being 5*9 feet. The N.W. end of the grave had a particularly
smooth face ; the sides were nearly vertical, the length at
bottom being 67 feet and the greatest width 4*1 feet.
The skull, which was in almost perfect condition, was found
to the north-west, facing in a north-easterly direction. It was
i'i foot from the N.W. side of the grave, the left knee being at
the same distance from the E. side. The right toes were
i '4 foot and the pelvis cry foot from the margin of the grave.
As will be seen in the photograph, the lower jaw, a somewhat
powerfully-developed one, was found at some little distance from
the skull, and had doubtless been detached from it previously to
the grave being filled in. By-the-bye, the filling of the grave in
this case consisted of chalk rubble, with flints in no considerable
quantity.
In this instance the skeleton rested on its left side. The left
arm was in almost a direct line from the left shoulder to right
knee. The right arm was bent at an angle of about 80, with
hand in front of face. The pelvis was in good order, the
vertebral column fairly straight, and both the legs drawn up to
angles of about 35. The length from top of skull to toes of
right foot was 3*9 feet; greatest width from back of pelvis to left
patella, 2*3 feet.
The leg bones were measured approximately as the skeleton
a fully adult male, probably middle-aged rested in situ;
length of right femur, r6 foot; right tibia, 1*35 foot ; which gives
a stature of 5 feet ii'g inches nearly 6 feet.
This skeleton, with the exception of the skull, was also left
in situ, and covered up at the completion of the excavations, the
usual leaden label being previously deposited.
In extending the excavations on the two last days in N., N.E.,
W., and S.W. directions, no further interments were discovered,
but a hole of uncertain intention, marked on the Plan,
Plate VII. , was found cut out of the solid chalk. It was not a
BARROW-DIGGING AT MARTINSTOWN. 35
natural depression, and in general form was that of an inverted
cone with the apex missing ; average diameter at surface of
chalk floor r8 foot, at bottom 5 inches, the sides tapering off
very considerably. The depth of the hole in the solid chalk was
i '5 foot. In it were found the larger portion of an anterior
vertebra of a cetacean and part of the tibia of a red-deer (Cervus
elaphtis) ; * also a lot of decomposed cellular bone, with some
small yellow particles, like sulphur, scattered through the mass.
These excavations at Martinstown, extending over a fortnight
in all, have, therefore, in addition to the miscellaneous relics,
produced four primary interments by inhumation and two
secondary interments by cremation. None of them, we think,
judging from the circumstances of the finding, and the relics
both associated with them and found in other parts of the
barrows, are more recent than the middle of the Bronze Period,
and we are inclined to assign some of them to a time slightly
earlier in the Bronze Age. As types of prehistoric ceramic art
in Britain, it is now generally understood that the beaker was
earlier than the food-vessel, and that the cinerary urn was the
latest.
APPENDIX.
NOTES ON THE SKELETON FEOM BAEEOW I., MAETINSTOWN,
DOECHESTEE, 1903.
BY J. G. GAESON, M.D., &c.
The human remains placed in my hands for examination by Messrs. Gray and
Prideaux consist of a skull nearly complete but which had been much broken, the
sacrum, the left innominate, and several of the long bones of the limbs, belonging
to one skeleton. There were also sent some small portions of the skull and other
parts of the skeleton of one or more infants, but these were so fragmentary that
little can be made oat regarding them with any degree of certainty. I, therefore,
think it better to confine my notes to the skeleton of the more adult individual,
beginning with the skull.
* Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins, F.E.S., has seen these bones.
36 BAR ROW- DIGGING AT MARTINSTOWN.
The Skull. In general form it is long and narrow in respect to both the
calvarial portion, or that portion which covers in the brain, and therefore, in
popular language, termed the brain-case, and the facial portion. The condition
of metopism, that is, of persistence of the mesial frontal suture, which is usually
obliterated at an early stage of life by complete fusion of the two halves of the
frontal bone, is present and is well marked. There is considerable asymmetry of
the calvarium readily noticeable when viewed from above. The left half of the
frontal is prominent, especially above the middle and inner third of the left orbit,
while the right half falls away, or recedes. Behind, the right half of the
occipital bone is bulging backwards, while the left half is less prominent. This
obliquity extends to the parietal bones also, and shows itself by the line of the
sagittal suture slanting somewhat from right to left as it is traced backwards
from the bregma. It is very probable that the asymmetry is due to post mortem
pressure upon the skull as it lay in the soil in a more or less damp and softened
condition. The ridges for the attachments of muscles are feebly developed, and
the surface of the bone generally has a smooth appearance. The orbital
processes and the mastoids are small and little developed ; the glabella and supra-
orbital region, excluding the irregularity due to asymmetry, are moderately
prominent; the upper edges of the orbits are thin and sharp. The parietal
eminences are not prominent, but there is a want of combined fulness and
roundness about this region which is at once noticeable. The sutures are open
and simple, and there are a few small wormean bones present in the parieto-
occipital suture. While the ridges on the under surface of the occipital are
feebly developed and in harmony with those on the other parts of the calvaria,
the bone in the region of the foramen magnum is thick, especially at the edges of
the foramen, which itself is particularly long and narrow. The basilar suture is
open. The facial portion is in general form long and narrow, as is indicated by
the facial indices given below being high. The nasal opening is narrow, but
owing to the broken condition of the specimen the nasal height could not be
sufficiently accurately ascertained on a short measurement such as it is to warrant
a statement of the nasal index. The orbits also are imperfect. Viewed from the
side the profile is straight, the alveolar region showing no prognathism as is
indicated by that index and the palato- maxillary index. The lower jaw is feeble,
and the gonial angle (that formed by the horizontal and ascending rami) is obtuse ;
the chin is pointed and well formed. The incisor teeth are well developed and
sound ; the last molars have not appeared above their formative cavities in the
mandible, but are just showing on the surface in the maxillae. The premolars
and first two molars show no signs of wear, and are comparatively of small size.
The skull is light and has been broken in many places, and although it has been
skilfully restored by Mr. Gray the following measurements are in some cases not
always absolutely exact, though sufficiently accurate, perhaps, for practical
descriptive purposes :
1. Antero-posterior median length (max.) . . 196 mm.
2. Transverse breadth (max.) . . . . 140
BARROW-DIGGING AT MARTlNSTOWN. 37
3. Basio-bregmatic height . . . . . . 148 mm.
4. Minimum frontal breadth .. .. .. 101 ,,
5. Bi-asteric breadth . . . . . . 110
6. Bi-auricular breadth . . . . . . 119 ,,
7. Bizygomatic breadth . . . . . . cl'27 ,,
8. Bimalar breadth .. .. .. 115
9. Maximum bi-maxillary breadth . . . . 93
10. Minimum bi-maxillary (Palato-maxillary) breadth.. 65 ,,
11. Basio-nasial length .. .. .. 109
12. Basio- alveolar length . . . . . . c96
13. Nasio-alveolar length . . . . . . c82
14. Nasio-mental length . . . . . . 129 ,,
15. Nasal breadth .. .. .. .. 23
16. Palato-maxillary length .. .. .. 53
17. Horizontal circumference . . . . . . 534 ,,
18. Auriculo-bregmatic arc . . . . . . 326
19. Total transverse circumference (6 + 17) .. 445 ,,
20. Frontal arc .. .. .. .. 135
21. Parietal arc .. .. .. 134
22. Occipital arc .. .. .. 116
23. Foramen magnum length .. .. .. 43 ,,
24. Nasio-bregmatico-basial length .. .. 428 ,,
25. Total longitudinal circumference (11 + 24) .. 537 ,,
26. Bigonial breadth of mandible .. .. 102
27. Antero -posterior diameter of ascending ramus .. 32 ,,
The following are the principal indices as far as they can be ascertained from
the condition of the skull :
Cephalic index (breadth to length) .. .. .. 71 '5
Height index (height to length) . . . . . . 75*5
Alveolar or gnathic index (12 to 11) .. .. .. 8S'l
Total face index (14 to 7) . . . . . . 104'0
Upper face index (13 to 7) . . . . . . 66-1
Palato-maxillary index (10 to 16) .. .. .. 122-6
NOTES. The figures within brackets refer to the measurements used in forming
the index, which in each instance expresses the relation of the first to the second
in percentage ; c before a measurement stands for circum, and shows that it
could not be made with exact accuracy.
The other Bones, The innominate bone is imperfect ; the marginal or crest
epiphysis of the ilium and the ischial epiphysis are wanting, and had been
ununited to these bones. The intermediate bone in the ascetabulum was also
absent, and had not been united to its floor. The femur is well developed, its
circumference being 81 mm. in the middle of the shaft ; the epiphyses of the
head, trochanters, and lower extremity are ununited to the shaft ; the angle
38 HARROW-DIGGING AT MARTINSTOWN.
formed by its head and neck with the shaft is obtuse. The tibia and fbula have
their epiphyses ununited to the shaft ; the antero- posterior diameter of the
former at the nutrient foramen is 31 mm., and the transverse diameter at the
same level is 21 mm. ; while in the middle of the bone these measurements are
28 and 21 mm. respectively. The hiimcrtts has the upper epiphysis ununited, but
the lower epiphyses are quite united to the shaft ; the epitrochlear process
(internal condylar process) appears to have been broken off. Its circumference in
the middle of the shaft is G9 mm. The radius has its epiphyses at both ends
ununited to the shaft. All these bones are well developed as to size and muscular
ridges for their stage of growth. As will be learned from the condition of the
epiphyses, they have not attained their full size.
The following are the dimensions of such of the long bones as were perfect
enough for measurement :
Eight Femur . . . . 462 mm.
Left Tibia .. .. .. 378
Eight Humerus .. .. 330
Left Eadius. . . . . . 255 ,,
From these measurements I have calculated the probable stature of the
individual, both according to Eollet formulae and by the newer methods of
Prof. Karl Pearson. But before entering upon this subject it is necessary to state
the age and sex of the individual as indicated by the skeleton. The condition of
the basilar suture, the teeth, and the state of the epiphyses of the bones, enable
us to determine the age of the individual at the time of death to have been
between 18 and 19 years. The question of sex is a difficult one in some cases,
even in adults, and still more so in adolescents. In the former the chief
difficulty, once one has become familiar with the race to which the specimen
belongs, is to distinguish a small ill-developed man from a well-developed and big
woman. When handling the skull in the first instance I confess to having had
some doubt as to the sex in this particular instance, but doubt was soon dispelled
after full examination of it and the other bones. Let me parenthetically remark
that this demonstrates very well how important it is to secure the limb bones as
well as the skull in all instances. The relative proportions of the limb bones to
the stature are different in men and women, and, therefore, irrespective of other
data afforded by them, materially assist in the determination of sex in doubtful
cases. The age and state of development of the skeleton, as well as the results
yielded by the different formulae for estimation of stature, had in this case to be
carefully considered in coming to a decision as to the sex. The conclusion I have
come to is that this is undoubtedly the skeleton of a male.
The indicated stature from the several long bones shows that proportionately
the radius is abnormally long, while the humerus is slightly shorter than the
normal mean. The indicated statures from the femur, tibia, and humerus agree
very well, but the femur, as has been shown to be generally the case by
Prof. Karl Pearson, gives on the whole apparently the best result ; the other two
indicated statures from the tibia and humerus respectively deviating on either
fi ARROW-DIGGING AT MARTINSTOWN. 39
side of it. Using the three best formulas of Eollet, and taking the mean of
them for each of the three bones, the probable stature of the individual was
1 m. 69 (= 66^ inches). By Pearson's method, in which the various elements of
uncertainty have by mathematical calculations been excluded, the indicated
stature is 1 m. 68 (nearly = 66 inches). These two systems of estimating height
give wonderfully similar results in this case, and it may be taken as conclusive
that we have got as near the truth as possible. On the basis that the bones were
those of a young woman the stature indicated would be 1 m. 76 (= 69 inches),
or even as much as 1 m. 83 (over 6 feet). This taken in conjunction with the
characters of the skull, and the probable ultimate length which would have been
attained by the bones on completion of growth had the individual lived till that
period, put the assumption out of court.
Let us now consider the morphological characters of this skeleton in relation to
the early races of Britain. The form of the cranial box is markedly dolicho-
cephalic, its index being 71 '5, while the complete facial index is 104, which is
also markedly dolichofacial, or leptoprosopic as it is sometimes termed ; the
immature stature, as we have seen, was 1 m. 68 or 9 at the age of 18-19 years,
and, from a large number of statistics on growth, might normally be expected to
reach 3 cm. more, which would indicate at adult age a probable stature of
1 m. 71 or 2. The interment and articles found with the skeleton point
undoubtedly (as Mr. Gray informs me) to the Bronze Age as being the period
when the body was deposited in the barrow.
The form of calvaria typical of the Bronze Age people is brachycephalic,
while the face is dolichofacial, and the stature calculated by Prof. Karl
Pearson's methods is 1 m. 71 for males, 1 m. 60 for females. The characteristics
of the preceding Neolithic race are a dolichocephalic calvaria, a brachyfacial (or
chsemeoprosopic, as it is sometimes called), face, the stature being, by Pearson's
method of calculation, 1 m. 67 for the males and 1 m. 536 for the females.
The earlier race lived in certain parts of the country side by side with the later,
and in some cases intermingled with them, and both have influenced the
population of the present day. From these facts it will be seen that the in-
dividual whose skeleton has been under examination conformed in stature and
in the form of his face to the Bronze Age race, while in the shape of the calvaria
he shows decidedly the characters of the Neolithic people.
cm6
By the Rev. 0. PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE, M.A., F.R.S,, &c.
February, 1905.)
HAVE been able to do but little myself in the way of
field-work since my last communication (Septem-
ber, 1903), but I have continued the working
out of materials previously collected and the
rectification of nomenclature. This, added to
the results of collecting by several kind friends,
enables me to report now a very favourable
progress in our knowledge of British Arachnida.
Thirteen species have been added to our British List. Of these
eight are considered to be new to science, and five have not
been previously recorded in Great Britain, though known as
Continental species. Added to the above are also several other
species of which the females have not been before described.
Of those new to science four were discovered by Dr. A. R.
Jackson, M.D., of Hexham, viz., Tmeticus firmus, Tmeticus rivalis,
Styloctetor uncinus, and Laseola dissimilis ; this last in Dorsetshire
(at Portland) during a short visit to me in June last. Of the
other three, two were found at Hexham and one at the top of
ON NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 41
Scafell in Cumberland. Another of the new species (Trochosa
postuma] was found many years ago at Balmoral, Scotland, by
my late Cousin, Col. Pickard, R.A. ; another, Cnepkalocoies
ambiguus, in the Isle of Bute by Mr. W. Evans ; one, Tmdicus
commodus, by Mr. Claude Morley in Suffolk ; and the remaining
one, Phaeocedus parvus, by Mr. E. A. Newbery in London. Of
those now recorded for the first time as British, though before
described from other parts, one, Erigone arc/tea, was found by
myself in considerable abundance near Chickerell, but was at
first mistaken for an allied species ; two, Agroeca chrysea,
L. Koch, and Lophomma stativum, Sim., were sent to me from
St. Leonard's-on-Sea by Mr. Ruskin Butterfield; one, Tmeticus
similis, Kulcz., I received from Scotland ; and the fifth,
Tapinocyba insecta, L. Koch, was found at Hexham by Dr. A. R.
Jackson. Among those of which the females have not before
been found I may particularly mention Erigone promiscua,
Cambr. The male of this has been known for many years
from various localities in England and Scotland, but it is only
quite recently that the female has been discovered and sent to
me by Mr. R. Butterfield from St. Leonard's-on-Sea. Then,
again, among rare species I should mention that several
examples of Theridion impressum, L. Koch, were met with at
Warmwell by Dr. Jackson during his short visit to me last June.
This spider had only occurred once before in England (* near
Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire). In another Order of the
Arachnida (the Phalangidea, or Harvestmen) I have to record
several rare species Sderosoma quadridentatum, Cuvier, from
St. Leonard's-on-Sea by Mr. R. Butterfield, and from Warmwell,
with Sderosoma Romanum, L. Koch, by Dr. Jackson, Oligolophus
Meadii, Cambr., St. Leonard's-on-Sea, by Mr. Butterfield, and
Oligolophus Hansenii, Kraepl., Nottinghamshire, by Dr. Carr.
Also in another Order of Arachnids (Chernetidea or False-
scorpions}tviQ species have been received new to Britain Chernes
cyrneus, L. Koch, from Leicester (Dr. Jackson), and Chernes
* Vide " Proc." Dors. N.H. and A.F. Club, Vol. XXIV., p. 152.
42 ON NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA.
rufcolus Sim., from London (Mr. H. Donisthorpe) as well as
two other rare forms C kernes phaleratus, Sim., sent to me by
Mr. Wallis Kew from Essex, and Obisium maritimum, Leach,
from Port Erin Bay, Isle of Man, by Dr. A. D. Timms. This
last is only its second record in England, the other being from
the Devonshire coast. The only remaining record to be made
now is that of a rare Acarid, Glvphopsis Bostockii (A. D. Michael,
sent to me by Mr. Claude Morley from an ant's nest (Lasius
flavus] in Suffolk.
I wish I could report that the study and collecting of the
Arachnida had been taken up by some one or more Dorset
residents. Though I regret to say this has not hitherto come
about, I hope it will yet be achieved. At times, when I have
endeavoured to stir up a little enthusiasm on the subject, I have
been met with the objection that, as I had apparently so
thoroughly worked out this branch of Natural History in
Dorsetshire myself, there was nothing more to be done ! Well !
the result of two or three days' work in June last by Dr. Jackson
(of which I have mentioned above some particulars) during his
hasty visit to Dorsetshire rather disproves the idea of nothing
left to be done. A new species and several others of rarity (one
as good as new) shews that there is yet much to be expected
from careful collecting even where my own longest and hardest
work has been bestowed.
LIST OF NEW AND RARE ARACHNIDA
FOUND IN GREAT BRITAIN CHIEFLY IN 1904 AND 1905.
ORDER ARANEIDEA.
Fam. DRASSID^.
Drassus pubeseens, Thor.
Examples of this species were received from Wicken Fen,
Cambridgeshire (Mr. F. P. Smith), and from Nottingham-
shire (Dr. Carr).
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE A.
Phaeocedus parvusj sp. n., p. 43.
Fig. 1. Eyes from above and behind. Fig. 2. Genital aperture.
Fig 3. Maxillae and labium.
Agelena longipes, Carpenter, p. 44.
Fig. 4. Sternum. Fig. 5. Genital aperture.
Laseola dissimilis, sp. n., p. 45.
Fig. (3. Outline of spicier from above and behind. Fig. 7- Cephalothorax
in profile. Fig. 8. Right palpus from above and behind.
Tmeticiis commodus, sp. u., p 47.
Fig. 9. Eyes from above and behind. Fig. 10. Genital aperture.
Fig. 11. Genital process in profile.
Tmetieus similis, Kulcz., p. 47.
Fig. 12. Eyes from above and behind. Fig. 13. Genital aperture.
Tmeti&us firmus, sp. n., p. 47.
Fig. 13A. Eyes of male from above and behind. Fig. 13s. Left palpus of
male from outer side. Fig. 13c. Genital aperture (female).
Tmeticm rivalis, sp. n., p. 47.
Fig. 14. Eyes from above and behind. Fig. 15. Left palpus from outer
side. Fig. 16. Hinder part of sternum. Fig. 17. Genital aperture. Fig. 18.
Posterior extremity of genital aperture.
Lophomma stativum, Simon, p. 50.
Fig. 19. Eyes of female from above and behind. Fig. 20. Left palpus of
male from above and behind. Fig. 21. Genital aperture.
Styloctetor uncinus, sp. n., p. 51.
Fig. 22. Eyes of male from above and behind. Fig. 23. Bight palpus of
male from above and behind. Fig. 24. Genital aperture. Fig 25. Hinder
part of sternum of female.
25.
Pick ar d - C a-intndfee , del
fc Erskine, Lith. Edn
ON NEW ANb RARfc BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 43
Phaeoeedus parvus, sp. n., Pi. A, Figs, i, 2, 3.
An adult female of this small Drassid was sent to me in
1901 by Mr. E. A. Newbery, of 12, Churchill Road,
Dartmouth Park. Mr. Newbery's account of it leaves it in
doubt whether this spider may not have been imported
from India in a package of damaged British goods, sent
out to India and returned thence. This is quite possible,
though there is nothing improbable in the idea that it may
be an indigenous British species. At any rate, it seems to
me to be new to science.
Prosthesima rustiea, L. Koch, Plate B, Fig. i.
An adult female (this sex new to Britain) was received from
Mr. W. Falconer, by whom it was found in Epping Forest.
Zora nemoralis, Bl.
An adult of each sex of this spider was sent to me from
Hexham, Northumberland, where they were found by Dr.
A. Randall Jackson, M.D.
Agroeea celans, Bl.
Adults of both sexes were found at Hexham by Dr. A. R.
Jackson, M.D.
Agroeea eeler, Cambr.
An immature male received from Stratford-on-Avon from
the Rev. J. H. Bloom.
Agroeea striata, Kulcz.
Immature examples were received from Mr. Ruskin
Butterfield, by whom they were found at St. Leonard's-on-
Sea in April, 1904.
Agroeea chrysea, C. L. Koch.
Examples of what, though not adult, I feel no doubt
are of this species were also received from Mr. Ruskin
Butterfield, by whom they were found at St. Leonard's-
on-Sea. This is its first record as a British spider.
44 ON NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA.
Fam DICTYNID.E.
Protadia patula, Sim.
A female of this rare spider was received from Kirkby,
Lancashire, where it was found by the Rev. J. H. Bloom.
Protadia subnigra, Cambr.
An adult female from St. Leonard's-on-Sea (Mr. Ruskin
Butterfield).
Fam. AGELENID^I.
Cryphoeea diversa, Cambr.
An example of this spider was found in Sherwood Forest,
Notts, and sent to me by Dr. Carr.
Coelotes terrestris, Wid.
Coelotes terrestris, Wid. non C. soli/anus, Sim.
,, pabulator, Sim. -Cambr. (List of Brit, and
Irish Spids., p. 16, non C. pabulator, Sim.)
I had long thought that the spider taken in the New
Forest (see List of Brit, and I. Spids., Footnote *, p. 16),
was identical with C. pabulator, Sim. -Cambr. (I.e.), but this
has only been confirmed recently by comparison of the
examples. These examples I have also now ascertained to
be distinct from C. pabulator, Sim., by comparison with
typical examples of this latter species received from
M. Simon. Prof. Kulczynski also now confirms the identity
of Coelotes pabulator, Sim. -Cambr., and C. terrestris, Wid.
Agelena longlpes, Carpenter, PI. A, Figs. 4, 5.
I have lately had an opportunity, through the kindness of
Dr. A. R. Jackson, of examining the type specimen of this
species. It differs in several respects from all its allies
known to me. Mr. Carpenter omits a distinguishing
character in the pattern on the sternum. (See PI. A, Fig. 5,
where a figure is also given of the genital aperture.)
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE B.
Prostfosima rustica, L. Koch, p. 43.
Fig. 1. Genital aperture.
Onesinda minutissima, Cambr., p. 45.
Fig. 2. Left palpus from outer side.
Sintula fausta, Cambr., p. 48.
Fig. 3. Genital aperture.
Erigone longipalpis, Sund., p. 48.
Fig. 4. Genital aperture.
Erigone arctica, White- Cambr., p. 49.
Fig. 5. Genital aperture.
Erigone promisciia, Cambr., p. 50.
Fig. 6. Genital aperture.
Erigone dentipalpis, Wid., p. 49.
Fig. 7. Genital aperture.
Erigone atra, Bl., p. 50.
Fig. 8. Genital aperture.
Lophomma latutatum, Cambr., p. 50.
Fig. 9. Genital aperture.
Lophomma subtequale, Westr., p. 50.
Fig. 10. Genital aperture.
Cnephalocotes ekgans, Cambr., p. 52.
Fig. 11. Eyes of female from above and behind. Fig. 12. Genital
aperture.
Cnephalocotes interjectus, Cambr., p. 52-
Fig. 13. Cephalothorax of female in profile. Fig. 14. Eyes from above
and behind. 15. Genital aperture.
Cnephalocotes ambiguus, sp. n., p. 52.
Fig. 1C. Cephalothorax in profile. Fig. 17. Eyes from above and behind.
Fig. 18. Left palpus on upper side above. Fig. 19. Part of right palpus
from outer side.
Tapinocyba insecta, L. Koch-Sim., p. 52.
Fig. 20. Eyes of male from above and behind. Fig. 21. Left palpus on
upper side behind. Fig. 22. Right palpus rather on inner side. Fig. 23.
Genital aperture.
Wakkenaera capita, Westr., p. 53.
Fig. 24. Genital aperture.
Trochosa postiona, sp. u., p. 55.
Fig. 25. Profile of spider from above. Fig. 26. Genital aperture.
Chernes cyrneus, L. Koch, p. 56.
Fig. 27. Cephalothorax from above and behind. Fig. 28. Palpus.
Chernes rufeolm, Sim., p. 56.
Fig. 29. Cephalothorax from above and behind. Fig. 30. Palpus.
ON NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 45
Hahnia helveola, Sim.
An adult female near Huddersfield (Mr. W. Falconer).
Fam. THERIDIIOE.
Episinus truncatus, Walck.
Received from Hexham (Dr. Jackson), 1904.
Theridion impressum, L. Koch.
Adults of both sexes were found among coarse herbage
in a marshy spot at Warmwell by Dr. A. R. Jackson on
June 1 6th, 1904. The only previous occurrence of this
spider in England was recorded in "Proc." Dors. N.H. and
A.F. Club, Vol. XXIV., p. 152, where a figure of the palpus
is given (PL A, Fig. 2). It is very nearly allied to an
abundant spider, T. sisyphium, Clk., ^for a faintly marked
example of which the present species might easily be
overlooked.
Onesinda minutissima, Cambr., PI. B, Fig. 2.
Adults of both sexes were received from Dr. A. R.
Jackson (Hexham), and the female from Mr. W. Falconer
(near Huddersfield). The male has not before been
recorded. A figure of the palpus of that sex is given (PL B,
Fig. 2).
Lithyphantes eorollatus, C. L. Koch.
An immature female, found in Sussex, was sent to me by
Mr. Claude Morley.
Laseola eoraeina, C. L. Koch.
An adult male, from Suffolk, received from Mr. Claude
Morley.
Laseola dissimilis, sp. n., PL A, Figs. 6, 7, 8.
An adult male, which I believe to be new to science, was
found near Pennsylvania Castle, Portland, by Dr. A. R.
Jackson in June, 1904. (See description postea, p. 58.)
46 ON NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA.
Enoplognatha thoracica, Hahn.
An adult female, Sherwood Forest, Dr. Carr.
Robertas negleetus, Cambr.
Robertus astutus, Cambr., Spid. Dors., p. 103.
Pedanostethus neglect us, Cambr., Spid. Dors, (sub
Neriene}, p. 121.
Neriene aspera, Cambr., Spid. Dors., p. 136.
An adult male, Huddersfield, W. Falconer.
Adult males, Hexham, Dr. A. R. Jackson, and
An adult female, Epping Forest, F. P. Smith.
On a careful re-examination of the types and other
examples since met with, it seems certain that the three
above spiders are identical. Roberius neglectus, Cambr., was
described in 1870, and is therefore prior to R. astulus,
which was described in 1879. Pedanostethus (Neriene}
aspera was also described in 1870, but its description
occurs several pages later than that of P. neglectus.
The genus Pedanostelhus, Sim., was characterised by M.
Simon in 1884, while Robertus, Cambr., was published in
1879, and thus takes precedence of Pedanostethus, with
which it seems to be undoubtedly congeneric.
Leptyphantes minutus, Bl.
Leptjyphantes cingulipes, Cambr.
L. cingulipes appears to be only an abnormally coloured
example of L. minutus, Bl.
Bathyphantes pullatus, Cambr.
Linyphia crucigera, Bl.
Linyphia crucigera, Bl., is a pale variety of B. pullatus,
Cambr., in which the chief or sometimes only dark marking
left on the upper surface of the abdomen is of a cruciform
shape. There are, however, in a series of examples
numerous varieties intermediate between the above and the
normally marked specimens.
ON NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 47
Bathyphantes setiger, F. 0. P. Cambr.
An adult male and female of this very interesting form,
Penrith, Dr. A. R. Jackson.
Tmetieus arcanus, Cambr.
An adult male, W. Falconer, near Huddersfield.
Tmetieus firmus, sp. n., PI. A, Figs. 13 A, 136, 130.
Adults of both sexes of this species, which appears to be
new to science, were received from Dr. A. R. Jackson from
Hexham in January, 1 904. Adult females had already been
sent to me from near Huddersfield (July, 1903), by Mr. W.
Falconer. (A description will be found postea, p. 59.)
Tmetieus rivalis, sp. n., PI, A, Figs. 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
Both sexes, adult, from Hexham (Dr. A. R. Jackson), and
females subsequently from W. Falconer, Hexham. A very
distinct species and apparently new to science. (Descrip-
tion postea, p. 6 1.)
Tmetieus similis, Kulcz., PL A, Figs. 12, 13.
An adult female, which seems identical with T. (Cen-
tromerus] similis, Kulcz., was found at Balmoral by the
late Col. A. F. Pickard.
Tmetieus commodus, sp. n., PL A, Figs. 9, 10, u.
An adult female, Suffolk (Claude Morley), 1904, apparently
a very distinct species and new to science. (See description
postea, p. 63.)
Tmetieus reprobus, Cambr.
An adult male, Kirkby, Lancashire, Rev. J. H. Bloom.
Tmetieus Huthwaitii, Cambr.
Adult females, Buxton, Derbyshire, Rev. R. J. Pickard-
Cambridge, May, 1904.
48 ON NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA.
Sintula fausta, Camb., PI. B, Fig. 3.
Adults of both sexes, Hexham (Dr. A. R. Jackson). The
female resembles the male in general characteristics.
Syedra pholeommoides, Cambr.
Sintula pholeommoides, Cambr., List Brit, and Ir. Spid.,
p. 37, "Proc." Dors. N.H. and A.F. Club, XXIV., p. 154.
This curious little spider appears to belong rather to the
genus Syedra, Sim., than to Sintula, Sim. The species,
however, of Sintula are at present not all satisfactorily
allocated, and much need revision. An adult female
(hitherto unrecorded) was contained among some other
spiders collected in 1891 by C. 0. Pickard-Cambridge near
Wey mouth.
Gongylidium retusum, Westr.
Adult examples of both sexes, St. Leonard's-on-Sea
(Ruskin Butterfield).
Tiso vag-ans, Bl.
Both sexes, adult, St. Leonard's-on-Sea (Ruskin Butter-
field).
ERIGONE, Aud.-Sav.
Neriene, Bl. -Cambr., ad par i em.
Erigone, Sund. -Cambr., Brit, and Ir. Spid., p. 40.
After a prolonged examination of a large number of
examples of this weli-marked genus, the following appear to
be the species as yet found in Great Britain :
Epigone longipalpis, Sund., PI. B, Fig. 4.
Erigone longipalpis, Sund. -Cambr.
,, pascalis, Cambr.
This species is distributed over the greater part of
of England and Scotland, but local and rarer in the south
than in the north. Whether the spider recorded, " List of
the Spiders of Ireland " (" Proc." Royal Irish Academy,
ON NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 49
June ayth, 1898, 3rd Ser., Vol. V., No. i, p., 172), under
this name by Mr. G. H. Carpenter is the true E. longipalpis
of Sund. or not, I do not know, not having seen the
examples.
Erigone pascalis, Cambr., is without doubt an undeveloped
form of E. longipalpis,
Epigone aretiea, White, PL B, Fig. 5.
Erigone arctica, White-Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N.H.,
Oct., 1877, p. 278, PI. VIII., Fig. 3.
,, arctica, White-Cambr., var. maritima, Kulcz.,
Bull, de 1' Acad. des Sciences de Cracovie,
Oct., 1902, p. 539.
Both sexes were met with in abundance by myself under
dry seaweed and othes debris near Chickerell, and were at
first mistaken for E. longipalpis, to which it is allied. Prof.
Kulczynski, of Cracow, first drew my attention to their
distinctness, and considers them to be a variety of E.
arctica, White-Cambr., to which he has given the name
"maritima" in his excellent monograph of the European
species of Erigone (I.e. supra). I am not entirely satisfied
as to their identity with E. arctica, White-Cambr. ; the type
of this last species has several well-marked differences upon
which I am inclined to lay more weight than Prof.
Kulczynski gives them. In the absence, however, of a
series of examples of the more northern form for com-
parison, I record the Chickerell specimens as new to
Britain under the name of arctica, White-Cambr., var.
maritima, Kulcz. I have, since these were found, met with
it in other Dorset localities, and have also received it from
the North of England, Scotland, and Ireland, but in every
instance the examples are strictly the var. maritima, and are
wanting in those characters which I think may one day
prove them to be distinct from E. arctica, White-Cambr.
Epigone dentipalpis, Wid., Pi. B, Fig. 7.
A generally distributed and abundant species.
50 ON NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA.
Epigone promiseua, Cambr., Pi. B, Fig. 6.
Widely distributed and not rare in some localities both in
England and Scotland. Until very recently (when both
sexes were sent to me by Mr. Ruskin Butterfield from St.
Leonard's-on-Sea) I had not been able to identify the
female. In several characters this sex is very similar to the
females of other nearly-allied species.
Erigone atra, Bl., PI. B., Fig. 8.
Abundant and generally distributed in England and
Scotland.
Lophomma stativum, Sim., PI. A, Figs. 19, 20, 21.
Lophomma stativum, Sim., Arachn. de France, V.,
p. 540.
Both sexes, adult, were received from Mr. Ruskin Butter-
field, by whom they were found at St. Leonard's-on-Sea in
1904. It is a very distinct species, and this is its first
British record. A description is added (postea, p. 64).
Lophomma laudatum, Cambr., PL B, Fig. 9.
Tapinocyba subcequalis, Cambr., "Proc." Dorset N.H.
and A.F. Club, Vol. XXIV., p. 159.
Lophomma laudatum is nearly allied to T. subccqualis,
Cambr., but they may be distinguished by the hind-central
eyes in L. laudatum, being nearer together than to the hind-
laterals, and other slight differences, while the females also
differ considerably in the form of the genital aperture.
The spider recorded as Tapinocyba subccqualis, Cambr., I.e.
supra, is certainly Lophomma laudatum, Cambr.
Lophomma subaequale, Westr., PI. B, Fig. 10.
Tapinocyba subaqualis, Westr.-Cambr., List of Brit.
and Ir. Spid., 48.
This spider is undoubtedly a Lophomma. (See observa-
tions on the preceding species.)
ON NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 51
Enidia, F. P. Smith, Journ. Quekett Microscopical Club, Nov.,
1904, p. 115.
This generic name is substituted for Dicyphus, Menge
and other authors (pre-occupied by a genus of Hemiptera
hderoptera, Feb., 1858).
Diploeephalus Beekii, Cambr.
An adult male, Rev. J. Bloom, Warwickshire.
Enteleeapa Thorellii, Westr.
Adults of both sexes, Dr. A. R. Jackson, Hexham.
Entelecara omissa, Cambr.
An adult male, near Weymouth, Rev. C. O. Pickard-
Cambridge.
Pocadienemis pumilus, Bl.
Microneta nefaria, Cambr., female, Spid. G.B. and Ir.,
P- 35-
I do not feel much doubt but that the female spider
described (I.e. supra) is a variety of Pocadienemis pumilus, Bl.
Styloctetor uncinus, sp. n., Pi. A, Figs. 22, 23, 24, 25.
This spider is quite distinct from S. (Erigone) broccha, L.
Koch, of which I possess German types from Dr. L. Koch.
It is also, I think, distinct from S. broccha, L. Koch-
Sim. (Arachn. de France, V., p. 739). What Mr. G. H.
Carpenter's spider, described and figured as Eniehcara
broccha, L. Koch (Natural Science, XII., May, 1898, p. 321,
and "List of Spiders of Ireland," " Proc." of the Royal
Irish Academy, 3rd Ser., Vol. V., No. i, pp. 165, 166), may
be I cannot say, not having seen the specimen, but,
judging from the figures given, it appears to be distinct
from the spider described by M. Simon, as well as from the
one now recorded ; and it is certainly, I think, not
S, broccha, L. Koch.
52 ON NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA.
An adult of each sex was sent to me by Dr. A. R.
Jackson, by whom they were found on the top of Scafell,
Cumberland. A description is given postea p. 65.
Troxoehrus hiemalis, Bl.
Diplocephalus specwsus, Cambr.
These two spiders are identical. Their hitherto supposed
distinctness rested on an imperfect examination of the
palpal organs of T. hiemalis, Bl.
Cnephalocotes obscurus, Bl.
An adult male, St. Leonard's-on-Sea, Ruskin Butterfield.
Cnephalocotes interjectus, Cambr., PL B, Figs. 13, 14, 15.
The female of this spider has not been before recorded,
but an example, which I believe to be of this species, was
sent to me from St. Leonard's-on-Sea by Mr. Ruskin
Butterfield.
Cnephalocotes elegans, Cambr., Pi. B, Figs, n, 12.
A spider which I believe to be the female of this species
was sent to me by Mr. W. Falconer from near Huddersfield.
This sex has not been before recorded.
Cnephaloeotes eurtus, Sim.
Adult males, St. Leonard's-on-Sea, Ruskin Butterfield.
Cnephalocotes ambiguus, sp. n., Pi. B, Figs. 16, 17, 18, 19.
Isle of Bute, Evans. (See description postea, p. 67.)
Tapinocyba inseeta? L. Koch, Pi. B, Figs. 20, 21, 22, 23.
? Erigone inseeta, L. Koch, Beitrag zur Keuntniss der
Arachniden fauna Tirols Naturwissen-
schaftliche Abtheilung, 1841, p. 187.
Pices iocrcerus msec/us L. Koch- Sim., Arachn. de
France, V., p. 774.
Adults of both sexes were found by Dr. A. R. Jackson at
Hexham. This is its first record as a British species. I
ON NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 53
am, however, not quite convinced of its identity with Dr.
Koch's spider, though it is identical with the spider
described by M. Simon under that name (Arachn. de Fr.,
p. 774). (See description postea, p. 68.)
Panamomops bieuspis, Cambr.
An adult male of this curious little spider was sent to me
from St. Leonard's-on-Sea by Mr. Ruskin Butterfield.
Baryphyma pratensis, Bl.
I have received this species from Dr. Jackson (Hexham),
Mr. Ruskin Butterfield (St. Leonard's-on-Sea), and Dr.
Carr (Nottingham).
Wideria subita, Cambr.
An adult female among spiders sent to me some years
ago from N. Britain by the late Mr. Hardy.
Wideria fug-ax, Cambr.
An adult female, Huddersfield, Mr. W. Falconer, and an
adult male, Dr. Carr, Sherwood Forest.
Walekenaera nodosa, Cambr.
An adult male, Hexham, Dr. Jackson.
Walckenaera obtusa, Bl.
An adult female among spiders collected for me some
years ago, North Britain, J. Hardy.
Walekenaera nudipalpis, Westr.
An adult male, St. Leonard's-on-Sea, R. Butterfield.
Walekenaera capito, Westr., Pi. B, Fig. 24.
An adult female among spiders sent to me from Scotland
many years ago by Mr. H. Traill, and another of the same
sex from Scafell, Dr. A. R. Jackson.
Cornieularia vigilax, Bl.
Both sexes, adult, Dr. Jackson, Hexham.
54 ON NEW AND RARE BRITISri ARACHNIDA.
Fam. EPEIRIDJE.
Cercidia prominens, Westr.
St. Leonard's-on-Sea, R. Butterfield.
Singa pygmsea, Sund.
An adult male (var. anthracina, Bl.), Kirkby, Lancashire,
Rev. J. H. Bloom
Epeira triguttata, Fabr.
Epeira signafa, BL, Spid. Great Brit, and Ireland,
P- 33 2 -
I feel no doubt but that Mr. Blackwall's Epeira signaia
the type of which has been lost for many years is of this
species. A variety of triguttata, not rare in some localities,
agrees exactly with Mr. Blackwall's description.
Fam. THOMISID^!.
Xysticus bifasciatus, C. L. Koch.
An adult male was found at Bloxworth in June, 1904, by
Dr. A. R. Jackson. It is a rare spider in Dorsetshire.
Dr. Jackson has also met with it at Hexham.
Xysticus luetuosus, Bl.
An adult female in Epping Forest, W. Falconer.
Oxyptila simplex, Cambr.
Abundant, St. Leonard's-on-Sea, R. Butterfield.
Oxyptila sanetuaria, Cambr.
An adult female, St. Leonard's-on-Sea, R. Butterfield.
Philodromus rufus, Walck.
Philodromus rufus, Walck.-Sim., Arachnides de
France, Vol. II., p. 287.
Philodromus Clarkii, Bl. -Cambr., Spid. G. B. and Ir.,
p. 63.
Walckenaer's description of this spider was published in
1825, that of Blackwall in 1849 or 1850. The former name
(rufus\ therefore, has priority.
t)tt NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNlbA. 55
Fam. LYCOSID^:.
Trochosa spinipalpis, F. O. P. Cambr.
Both sexes, adult, Warmwell, Dr. A. R. Jackson.
Troehosa postuma, sp. n., PI. B, Figs. 25, 26.
An adult female among spiders collected for me many
years ago at Balmoral by Col. A. F. Pickard, R.A. (See
description postea, p. 70.)
Lycosa agricola, Thor.
Adult males, Kirkby, Lancashire, Rev. J. H. Bloom.
Lyeosa herbigrada, Bl.
Females, Hastings, F. P. Smith, and Hexham, Dr. A. R.
Jackson. These are chiefly of a variety which in their
pattern run very closely to Lycosa palustris, Linn. This
variety also occurs on our Dorset heaths, but is not
common.
Fam, SALTICID^.
Hasarius areuatus, C. L. Koch.
Adult males, Hastings and Wicken Fen, F. P. Smith.
Hasarius Andansonii, Sav.
An adult male in a greenhouse, Seaton Mersey, Lan-
cashire, Rev. J. H. Bloom.
ORDER PHALANGIDEA.
Selerosoma quadridentatum, Cuvier.
St. Leonard's-on-Sea(Ruskin Butterfield), and Warmwell,
Dorset (Dr. A. R. Jackson).
Selerosoma Romanum, L. Koch.
Warmwell, Dr. A. R. Jackson.
56 ON NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACtiNIDA.
Oligolophus Meadii, Cambr.
St. Leonard's-on-Sea, Ruskin Butterfield. This is only
its second recorded occurrence.
Oligolophus Hansenii, Kraepl.
Nottinghamshire, under old boards, &c., in meadows
(Dr. Carr). This is its first record in England, previous
examples having been found in Scotland.
ORDER CHERNETIDEA (FALSE SCORPIONS).
Obisium maritimum, Leach.
Examples of this species were sent to me from Port Erin
Bay, Isle of Man, by Dr. A. D. Timms, of the Zoological
Laboratory University of Birmingham. They were found
in crevices of rocks below high water mark. This is only
the second record since the days of Dr. Leach.
Cherries eyrneus, L. Koch, PI. B, Figs. 27, 28.
Chelifer eyrneus, L. Koch-Sim., Arachn. de France, VII.,
p. 36.
This species, new to Britain, was sent to me from
Leicester by Dr. A. R. Jackson.
Cherries phaleratus, Sim.
Found among stable refuse at Hagenham, Essex, and
sent to me by Mr. H. Wallis Kew.
Cherries rufeolus, Sim., PI. B, Figs. 29, 30.
Chernes rufeolus, Sim., Arachn. de France, VI., p. 41.
Found at the Holborn Granary, London, and sent to me
by Mr. H. Donisthorpe. New to Britain.
ORDER ACARIDEA.
Fam. GAMASID/E.
Glyphopsis Bostoeki, Michael.
A rare species, found in nest of Lasius flavus, Suffolk, sent
to me bv Mr. Claude Morlev.
ON NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNlDA. 57
NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME OF THE SPECIES
IN THE FOREGOING LlST.
Phaeoeedus parvus, sp. n. PI. A, Fig. i.
Adult female, length 2.5 mm. (i lines).
Cephalothorax much longer than broad, narrow and rounded
in front, truncated behind ; lateral impressions at caput slight ;
upper side convex, but rather flattened. Colour dull yellowish-
brown, and covered thinly with rather long dark hairs.
Eyes in two transverse rows, the posterior row rather the
longest and nearly straight, convexity of curve directed back-
wards, the hind-central pair largest of the eight, near together,
but not contiguous, somewhat oval, or sub-triangular, oblique,
their small ends directed backwards, and very nearly the same
interval between these ends as between the larger ends and the
lateral eyes. The anterior row shortest, very slightly curved,
and apparently in the same direction as the posterior. The eyes
almost contiguous, the fore-centrals a little wider apart, smallest,
and separated from the hind-centrals by nearly a diameter,
height of clypeus rather less than the diameter of one of the
fore-central eyes ; all the eyes pearly-white, excepting the fore-
centrals.
Legs short, strong, 4, i, 2, 3. No spines beneath those of the
first and second pairs, but all furnished with long coarse hairs,
two longish spines on the upper sides of the two first femora.
Colour like that of the cephalothorax ; the under sides, as also
the sternum, yellow. The maxilla andfalces yellow- brown.
Abdomen elongate-oval, of a dull yellowish-hue, with a series
of indistinct curvilinear dark-brown angular lines on the hinder
half of the upper side, and clothed with long coarse hairs. Just
beneath the fore extremity of the upper side are a number of
long cylindrical curved hairs, upturned, and of a spinous
character. The genital aperture is characteristic. Spinners not
very long ; inferior pair longest and stoutest. A single example
58 OK NEW AK T b RARE hRltlSH ARACHNIDA.
from Mr. Newbery, found among the contents of a returned
package to London from India, and so may possibly be exotic.
Agroeea ehrysea, C. L. Koch.
Immature female, length ij lines.
In general form, markings, and appearance this spider is
much like some other nearly allied species, but its colouring is
brighter, the abdomen being of a bright red-brown hue, clothed
with short hairs, reflecting in a bright light strongish iridescent
hues. The normal pattern is obscure, but some yellowish spots
forming a somewhat quadrangular figure are more distinct near
the middle of the upper side. The cephalothorax has an
indistinct lateral sub-marginal border rather paler than the
rest, but no longitudinal central stripe, or band.
The legs are without annuli and of a pale yellowish-brown
hue. The tibiae of the first and second pairs are suffused with
reddish-brown, and apparently covered with minute, pale, hair-
bearing tubercles. Beneath the tibiae are two pairs, and beneath
the metatarsi three pairs of long adpressed spines.
Although not adult, I feel very little doubt about this spider
being A. ehrysea, C. L. Koch, as it agrees very closely with
Continental examples in my possession. It was sent to me in
1904 from St. Leonard's-on-Sea by Mr. Ruskin Butterfield, and
has not been hitherto recorded as a British species.
THERIDIIDJE.
Laseola dissimilis, sp. n. PI. A, Figs. 6, 7, 8.
Adult male, length just over i line.
The profile of the cephalothorax forms an even and very
slightly curved line from the hinder extremity to the ocular area,
which curves over more sharply to the clypeus. This is very
high and much impressed at the upper side, but prominent and
with a curved outline below. The colour of the cephalothorax
OX NEW AND RARE BRITtSH ARACtlNIDA. 59
is a dull yellow-brown, the ocular area suffused with black, and,
as well as the upper part of the clypeus, furnished with numerous
bristly hairs, those on the clypeus just below the ocular area
upturned.
The Eyes are rather large and occupy the whole of the fore
extremity of the caput. The posterior row is very nearly
straight ; its very slight curve has its convexity directed forward ;
the hind-central pair are separated by a diameter's interval from
each other and by at least one and a-half diameters from the
laterals. The fore-centrals are wide apart on somewhat tuber-
cular prominences, and with the hind-centrals form a quadrangle,
whose fore-side is much longer than the hinder one.
Fakes, maxillcc, labium, and sternum are yellow-brown.
Legs, moderately long, i, 4, 2, 3, furnished with hairs only,
and of a pale-yellow hue.
Palpi similar in colour to the legs, short, the cubital joint
much rounded, or nodiform above, the radial short, broad, and
spreading, in a somewhat mushroom form. The digital joint is
very large, obtuse, oval ; the palpal organs simple.
Abdomen short oval, very convex above, and projecting over
the base of the cephalothorax. Colour dull black, and clothed
thinly with coarse hairs.
A single example of this species, which differs from all the
others of the genus known to me, was found under a piece of
rock near Pennsylvania Castle, Portland, in June, 1904, by Dr.
A. Randall Jackson.
Tmeticus firmus, sp. n. PI. A, Figs. i3A, 138, 130.
Adult male, length i line ; adult female, length i line.
Cephalothorax, short, rounded in front, a little longer than
broad ; upper convexity uniform ; height of clypeus consider-
ably exceeds half that of the ocular area. Lateral marginal
impressions at the caput scarcely perceptible. Colour pale dull
yellow tinged with brown, and a few coarse hairs among the
eves.
60 ON NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA.
Eyes sub-equal, rather closely grouped, in the normal position.
The posterior row straight, or as nearly as possible ; the two
centrals rather further from each other than from the laterals,
the fore-centrals almost contiguous to each other, and the
smallest of the eight. The four central eyes form a square,
whose fore-side is much the shortest ; all are pearly-white,
excepting the fore-central pair, which are suffused with
blackish.
Legs moderately long, rather slender, i, 4, 2, 3, furnished with
hairs and one or two slender spines, with some fine bristles on
the tibiae of the first and second pairs. Colour pale yellow.
Palpi similar to the legs in colour, moderately long. Cubital
and radial joints about equal in length, the latter rounded and
spreading at the fore-margin, which is furnished with a row of
coarse bristly hairs ; digital joint large, with a rather prominent
sub-conical lobe at its base on the outer side, and another
about the middle of the outer side, larger and prominent. The
digital joint is furnished with coarse prominent bristles,
especially at the base and fore-extremity. The palpal organs
are highly developed, complex and prominent, with the whole
of their outer side behind encircled by a strongly-curved
corneous, somewhat trough-like, process, whose upturned
extremity is bifid.
The Fakes, maxillce, labium, and sternum are normal and of a
dull pale yellow colour, like the cephalothorax.
The abdomen is oval, of a yellow-brown colour, thinly
furnished with hairs, some of which on the upper side in front
are long and of a bristly nature.
The colours above given of the male are probably too pale
(having become obliterated in spirit of wine), as the female is
altogether darker, and in this latter sex the posterior row of eyes
appears to be slightly curved, the convexity of the curve directed
forwards, and all the eyes are margined strongly with black.
The genital process is large and of a sub-triangular form, the
apex of the triangle directed backwards. It appears to be
composed of two corneous plates superimposed upon each other,
ON NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 6 1
and in a transverse line near its base are two more or less
conspicuous dusky blackish round spots.
Adults of both sexes of this very distinct spider were sent to
me from Hexham by Dr. A. R. Jackson in January, 1904,
females having been before received from Mr. W. Falconer,
Huddersfield (July 8th, 1903).
Tmeticus rivalis, sp. n. Pi. A, Figs. 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
Adult male, length rather less than i line ; adult female,
i line.
The cephalothorax is yellow-brown, short, broad, about equal
in length and breadth, or slightly longer than broad, well
rounded in front ; lateral marginal impressions scarcely
perceptible, upper convexity uniform. Height of clypeus half
that of the facial space.
Eyes sub-equal and of tolerable size, rather closely grouped,
and occupying nearly the whole width of the fore part of the
caput. The hinder row has its very slight curve directed
backwards, that of the front row forward. The hind-centrals
are about a diameter's interval apart, but rather further from
each other than from the hind-laterals. Those of the anterior
row are almost contiguous to each other. The fore-central eyes
are a little the smallest. The four centrals form a square, whose
fore-side is shortest.
The legs were much damaged, but appeared to be moderately
long; their relative length, 4, i, 2, 3, of a pale yellow-brown
colour, and furnished with hairs.
Palpi rather short ; the radial is stronger than the cubital
joint, its fore extremity very slightly produced, and beneath the
fore-margin are two small projecting points, giving it a some-
what emarginate appearance, the point on the inner side being
the strongest, and behind the joint are several strong bristly
hairs. The digital joint is large, obtuse-oval, with a large lobe
on its outer side, and the palpal organs are well developed
and complex. There is a strong curved C-shaped process
6z ON NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA.
(paracymbium) at their base on the outer side and several
irregular black spiny projections at their extremity.
The maxilla, fakes, and labium are yellow-brown, the sternum
suffused with dusky blackish.
Abdomen oval, of a dark, dull blackish-brown colour, showing,
in spirits of wine, many pale irregular lines, and clothed thinly
with hairs.
The female has the cephalothorax longer in proportion to its
breadth than the male, but resembles it in colour. The genital
aperture is characteristic, and has a somewhat sub-triangular
process, whose apex is directed backwards.
Although I have here included this species in the genus
Tmeticus, I suspect that its ultimate place will be found among
the nearly allied Micronetas, a group furnishing the closest
resemblances among its numerous forms, and consequently
giving great difficulty in allocating them rightly. Examples of
both sexes were sent to me by Dr. A. R. Jackson from Stafford-
shire in October, 1902, and the female by Mr. W. Falconer in
January, 1904.
Tmeticus similis, Kulcz. PI. A, Figs. 12, 13.
Centromerus similis, Kulzcynski, Aranese Hungarise, torn. II.,
Part I., p. 82, PL III., Fig. 25.
Adult female, length i line.
Cephalothorax rather longer than broad, oval, rounded in
front ; lateral marginal impressions at the caput moderately
strong ; height of clypeus rather exceeds half that of the facial
space. Colour yellow, tinged with brown and narrowly margined
with black.
Eyes rather large, sub-equal, pearly-white with black margins,
the fore-centrals smallest ; posterior row curved, the convexity of
the curve directed backwards, the hind-centrals separated by
less than a diameter's interval, but rather further from each
other than from the hind-laterals. The front row has a very
slight curve, whose convexity is also directed backwards. The
ON NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 63
eyes of this row are very close together, but not contiguous to
each other.
Legs moderate in length and strength, 4, i, 2, 3, furnished
with hairs, bristles, and a few of a spinous nature. Colour like
that of the cephalothorax.
Palpi like the legs in colour, the bristle at the fore extremity
of the cubital joint short, tapering.
Fakes and maxilla similar to the cephalothorax in colour,
labium and sternum darker yellow-brown.
Abdomen oval, dark brown, clothed, but not thickly, with
short hairs, genital aperture and process very characteristic.
An example of this spider was sent to me some years ago,
among others, from Balmoral by my cousin, the late Col.
Pickard, R.A. It agrees with the figure and description given
by Prof. Kulczynski (I.e. supra), and I believe it to be of the
same species. This is its first record in Great Britain.
Tmeticus commodus, sp. n. PI. A, Figs. 9, 10, u.
Adult female, length rather over \\ lines.
Cephalothorax much longer than broad, oblong, rounded in
front ; lateral marginal impressions at caput distinct, but not
strong ; height of clypeus equal to half that of the facial space ;
colour yellow-brown, the normal grooves indicated by a darker
hue.
Eyes sub-equal, width of ocular area from side to side at least
double the length (from back to front). Posterior row straight,
its eyes equally separated by rather more than an eye's diameter;
anterior row curved, the convexity of the curve directed forwards.
The fore-central eyes are smallest, but not very small, near
together, but not contiguous, and each is as widely separated
from its lateral eye as the eyes of the posterior row are from
each other. The four central eyes form a quadrangle, whose
anterior side is much the shortest.
Legs rather short, slender, 4, i, 2, 3, furnished with coarse
hairs and bristles ; two longitudinal parallel rows of bristly hairs
64 ON NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA.
on the fore side of the femora of the first three pairs. Colour
pale yellow-brown.
Palpi similar to the legs in colour ; the ordinary bristle from
the fore extremity on the upper side of the cubital joint, long
straight, tapering, and almost of a spinous nature ; numerous
hairs and bristles at the extremity of the digital joint, and some
of them spinous.
Falces, maxilloB, labium, and sternum dark yellow.
Abdomen oblong-oval, thinly clothed with short hairs, and of a
dull yellowish-brown colour no doubt much faded. Genital
aperture and process very characteristic. (See PI. A, Fig. 1 1).
A single example, Suffolk, Mr. C. Morley.
Lophomma stativum, Sim. Pi. A, Figs. 19, 20, 21.
Adult male, length i line ; length of female rather over i line.
Cephalothorax nearly as long as broad, fore part much the
narrowest and rounded, hinder extremity truncate. Lateral
marginal impressions slight, upper convexity moderate and
even ; the height of the clypeus exceeds half that of the facial
space, and it is rather prominent at its lower margin, but
impressed above. Colour deep brown.
Eyes sub-equal. Those of the posterior row form a straight
line ; the interval between the hind-centrals considerably
exceeds an eye's diameter, and is rather greater than that
between each and the hind-lateral next to it. The four centrals
form nearly a square.
Legs rather short, 4, i, 2, 3, furnished with hairs only. Colour
bright reddish-orange.
Palpi short, colour dull yellow-brown to dark brown, furnished
with coarse hairs ; radial joint slightly shorter, but stronger than
the cubital, and spreading at its fore extremity. The outer side
of the radial joint is produced at its fore extremity into a strong
apophysis, rather less in length than the joint itself, slightly
curved, and its end broad and rounded. The digital joint is
rather large, somewhat roundish, with its posterior extremity a
ON NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 65
little produced and truncated. The palpal organs are prominent
and well developed ; at their fore extremity is a strong black
circularly-curved spine, and at their base on the outer side is a
strong curved corneous process (paracymbium).
Fakes long, moderately strong, straight, and of a dark
yellowish-brown colour.
Maxilla and labium like the falces in colour.
Sternum as broad as long, heart-shaped, broadly and obtusely
pointed behind, between the coxae of the fourth pair of legs.
Abdomen short, oval, jet black, very shiny, and clothed with
hairs.
The female resembles the male in general character and
colours. The form of the genital aperture is characteristic, but
much resembles that of Gongylidium retusum, Westr.
Both sexes were found at St. Leonard's-on-Sea by Mr. Ruskin
Butterfield under the debris of grass and herbage, but nearly all
were immature.
Styloetetor uhcinus, sp. n. PL A, Figs. 22, 23, 24, 25.
Adult male, length i line.
Cephalothorax oval, narrowest in front, rounded both in front
and behind ; lateral marginal impressions at caput obsolete ;
height of clypeus exceeds half that of the facial space, and
projects a little forwards to its lower margin. From the middle
of the upper part of the clypeus and from the ocular area spring
some upturned coarse bristly hairs. Upper convexity of cephalo-
thorax even, only a very slight depression in profile at the
junction of caput and thorax. Colour dull greenish-yellow
black-brown. The normal grooves and indentations indicated
by obscure darker lines and irregular markings.
Eyes sub-equal ; fore-central pair much the smallest. The
width of the ocular area is nearly about double its length from
back to front ; posterior row of eyes curved, the convexity of the
curve directed backwards, the interval between the hind-centrals
rather more than an eye's diameter, and distinctly greater than
66 ON NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA.
that between them and the hind-laterals. The anterior row has
the convexity of its slight curve directed forward. The fore-
centrals are separated by less than half an eye's diameter from
each other and by a diameter from the fore-laterals. Each
lateral pair is seated on a rather strong tubercle, the fore-laterals
being the -largest. The four central eyes form a quadrangle
whose anterior side is much the shortest, but its length rather
greater than its width behind.
The Legs are moderately long, 4, 1,2, 3, similar in colour to
the cephalothorax, and furnished with hairs and a very few
bristles. The coxae of the fourth pair are specially furnished for
stridulating purposes, described further on.
The palpi are short, similar to the legs in colour. Cubital
and radial joints about equal in length, the radial much the
strongest and enlarged at its fore extremity, produced on its
inner side into a strong, curved, rather hooked tapering
apophysis, whose point is directed outwards. On the outer side
of the radial joint are some strongish bristly hairs of different
lengths ; digital joint of moderate size, short, oval, furnished
with hairs, the strongest of which are at the extremity. Palpal
organs prominent and complex.
Fakes moderately strong, divergent at their extremities.
Colour like that of the cephalothorax.
Maxillae, labium, and sternum suffused with blackish-brown.
Abdomen short, oval, black, thinly covered with very short
hairs. The spiracular plates form a strong convexity, trans-
versely rugulose, their surface apparently broken up into a kind
of network of slight chitinous edges. A sharp corneous point at
the inner side of the fore "extremity of the coxae of the fourth
pair of legs is in a position to act upon the chitinous edges, and
no doubt, as has been conjectured, furnishes a stridulating
apparatus, probably used for the purpose of sexual attraction.
This apparatus occurs in both sexes ; but the corneous point on
the coxae is less sharp in the female.
Female similar to the male in size and colour and other
general characters. On the upper side of the abdomen some
OX NEW AND RARE BRITISH AKACHNIDA. 67
whitish spots are visible (in spirit of wine) on the fore half of
the upper side. The genital aperture is small, but of character-
istic form.
An adult of each sex found on Scafell Pike, Cumberland, by
Dr. A. R. Jackson.
This spider is quite distinct from S. broccha, L. Koch, of
which I have Dr. Koch's types. It is also, I believe, different
from 6". broccha, L. K.-Sim., Arach. de France, V., p. 739.
Whether it is the same species as that described and figured
from Ireland by Mr. G. H. Carpenter as S. broccha, L. K., I
cannot say, as I have not seen Mr. Carpenter's examples ; but,
judging from his figures, it would seem to be distinct.
Cnephaloeotes ambiguus, sp. n. Pi. B., Figs. 1 6, 17, 1 8, 19.
Adult male, length f of a line = i-i6th of an inch.
Cephalo thorax short, broad, nearly as broad as long, rounded
in front ; lateral marginal impression at the caput very slight ;
height of clypeus, which is rounded and a little prominent,
slightly exceeds half that of the facial space, and its lower
margin, looked at from above, has a slightly pointed form in the
middle. Caput rather large, and its profile convex behind the
eyes, but no distinct elevation. The ocular area, a portion of
the occiput, and the clypeus are roughened or covered with
minute granulosities and short hairs ; colour deep brown. There
is no longitudinal indentation backwards from near the hind-
lateral eyes.
Eyes unequal in size, occupying the whole of the broad fore
part of the caput. The posterior row is much curved, the
convexity of the curve directed backwards, and the anterior row
very slighty curved in the same direction. The interval between
the hind-centrals exceeds an eye's diameter, but is rather less
than that which separates them from the hind-laterals. The
lateral pairs, which are the largest, are each seated on a strong
tubercular prominence. The fore-centrals are smallest, and are
divided by an eye's diameter from each other, but by a diameter
68 ON NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA.
and a-half from the fore-laterals. The fore-central eyes form a
quadrangle longer than broad, and its fore-side much the shortest.
Legs short, rather strong, 4, i, 2, 3 ; colour yellow-brown,
furnished with hairs only.
Palpi short (excepting the digital joints, which are dark-
brown), similar to the legs in colour. Cubital and radial joints
about equal in length ; the radial is strong, broad, and of a
spreading or somewhat mushroom shape ; near the outer side
at its fore extremity is a small spine-like tapering, somewhat
sinuous, apophysis, its fore extremity drawn out into a fine
hair-like point. The digital joint is large and sub-conically
prominent on the inner side. Palpal organs prominent and
highly developed. A long very prominent circularly-curved
black tapering spine issues from near the base on the outer side
of a large prominent corneous process, and has its filiform point
in a kind of coil beyond the extremity of the palpal organs on
their inner side. Just in front of the base of this long black
spine there issues forwards, from within a strong hollow
corneous process, a tolerably long, slightly curved, black
pointed spine, directed forwards and inwards beneath the fore
extremity of the digital joint.
Fakes, maxilla, and labium dark yellowish-brown.
Sternum as broad, or broader, than long, very convex, and of
a shining black-brown colour.
Abdomen short, oval, black, and covered with short hairs.
An adult male of this spider was found by Mr. W. Evans in
the Isle of Bute some years ago, and was mistaken for a closely-
allied species Cnephalocotes curtus, Sim.
Tapinoeyba insecta? L. Koch. Pi. B, Figs. 20, 21, 22, 23.
? Erigone insecta, L. Koch, Beitr. z. Kenntniss der Arachniden
fauna Tirols Naturwissenschaftliche Abtheilung, 1868, II., p. 187.
Plcesiocrcerus insectus, L. Koch-Sim., Arachn. de France, V.,
P- 774-
Adult male, length i line ; adult female i line.
Ofr NEW ANt) RARE BRITISH ARACHNID A. 69
Cephalothorax longer than broad, uniformly convex above, no
distinct elevation of the caput ; lateral marginal impressions at
caput scarcely perceptible ; height of clypeus rather less than
half that of the facial space. Colour yellow-brown. From near
behind each hind-lateral eye, and between it and the hind-
central, a long slightly-curved and a little-divergent tapering
indentation runs backwards, the extremities slightly converging.
Eyes of moderate size, sub-equal, and occupying a consider-
able area. Posterior row very strongly curved, the convexity of
the curve directed backwards ; hind-centrals about a diameter's
interval apart, but nearly three times that distance from the
hind-laterals. Anterior row very slightly curved, its convexity
directed forwards. The fore-centrals are very near to each
other, but not contiguous, and about a diameter's distance from
the fore-laterals. The length of the central quadrangle is
double the breadth, and its fore-side is shortest.
Legs moderately long, sub-equal, 4, 1,2, 3, of a yellow-brown
colour, and furnished with hairs only.
Palpi moderate in length, of a pale yellow-brown hue. The
radial and digital joints dark yellow-brown. The radial is a
little shorter than the cubital joint and much stronger, very
broad and spreading in front and on the sides, its anterior
margin very strongly emarginate, leaving two strong cusps, that
on the outer side shortest, strongest, and blunt-angularly
pointed, the inner one a little longer, less strong, tapering, and
curved, its obtuse point directed outwards. Palpal organs well
developed, but not very complex. A large somewhat circular
pale corneous bulb projects on their outer side, and one or two
small black spiny processes at their anterior extremity.
Fakes, maxilla, labium, and sternum yellow brown.
Abdomen short-oval ; dark yellow-brown ; clothed thinly with
fine hairs.
The female resembles the male in general character and colour,
but the eyes of the posterior row are nearly equally separated
from each other. The genital aperture is of very simple but
characteristic form. (See Fig. 23, PL B.)
70 ON NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA.
Adults of both sexes were found at Hexham by Dr. A. R.
Jackson. They are identical with the spider described and
figured by M. Simon, I.e., of which I have an example received
in 1872 from M. Simon ; but whether they are identical with
Dr. L. Koch's species does not seem to me quite certain. The
type of the latter (if still in existence) may be in the Imperial
Museum at Vienna, and, so far as I am aware, no other
authentic example has ever yet been recorded. The spider I
have described now certainly does not very well accord with
drawings of his type sent to me by Dr. L. Koch in 1869.
Trochosa postuma, sp. n. PI. B., Fig. 25.
Adult female, length ^\ lines.
Cephalothorax oval ; lateral marginal impressions at the caput
slight. Colour yellow-brown with two longitudinal lateral
darker bands, formed by patches indicating the normal thoracic
indentations, and leaving between them a central pale yellow-
brown stripe, tapering to its hinder extremity ; there is also a
narrow sub-marginal brownish stripe and a blackish marginal
line.
Eyes normal. The four posterior eyes form nearly a square,
whose fore side is shortest. The anterior pair of these eyes are
largest, and are separated by rather more than a diameter's
interval. The four small anterior eyes form a slightly curved
line ; rather shorter than the two largest above them and the
convexity of the curve directed forwards ; the two centrals are
the largest, and separated from each other by an eye's diameter,
or less than that which separates them from the lateral.
The legs are of moderate length, 4, 1,2,3; colour pale yellow-
brown ; the femora indistinctly annulated with darker brown.
The palpi are similar to the legs in colour.
The maxillae, labium, and sternum yellow-brown.
Abdomen shrunken, deposition of ova having evidently taken
place ; its colour is dull yellow-brown, with faint indications of
the ordinary Lycosid markings. The genital aperture is of
ON NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNlDA. 71
moderate size and of characteristic form. Although the colours
and pattern of this spider had become much obliterated, I am
induced to describe it, as the form of the genital aperture
appears to be sufficient to determine it. A single example sent
to me from Balmoral many years ago by the late Colonel
Pickard, R.A.
LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES ABOVE NOTED
AND DESCRIBED.
ARANEIDEA.
Drassus pubescens, Thor. p. 42.
Phaeocedus parvus, sp. n. p. 43. PI. A. Figs, i, 2, 3.
Prosthesima rustica, L. Koch p. 43. PI. B. Fig. i.
Zora nemoralis, Bl. p. 43.
Agroeca celans, Bl. p. 43.
,, celer, Cambr. p. 43.
,,. striata, Kulcz. p. 43.
,, chrysea, C. L. Koch p. 43.
Protadia patula, Sim. p. 44.
,, subnigra, Cambr. p. 44.
Cryphceca diversa, Cambr. p. 44.
Agelena longipes, Carpenter p. 44. PI. A. Figs. 4, 5.
Coelotes terrestris, Wid. p. 44.
Hahnia helveola, Sim. p. 45.
Episinus truncatus, Walck. p. 45.
Theridion impressum, L. Koch p. 45.
Onesinda minutissima, Cambr. p. 45. PI. B. Fig. 2.
Lithyphantes corollatus, C. L.
Koch p. 45.
Laseola coracina, C. L. Koch p. 45.
,, dissimilis, sp. n. p. 45. PI- A. Figs. 6, 7, 8.
72 ON NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHtflDA.
Enoplognatha thoracica, Hahn. p. 46.
Robertus neglectus, Cambr. p. 46.
Leptyphantes minutus, Bl. p. 46.
Bathyphantes pullatus, Cambr. p. 46.
setiger, F. O P.
Cambr. p. 47.
Tmeticus arcanus, Cambr. p. 47.
,, firmus, sp. n. p. 47. PI. A. Figs. i3A,
i3R, 130.
,, rivalis, sp. n. p. 47. PI. A. Figs. 14, 15,
16, 17, 18.
,, similis, Kulcz. p. 47. PI. A. Figs. 12, 13.
commodus, sp. n. p. 47. PI. A. Figs. 9, 10,
1 1.
,, reprobus, Cambr. p. 47.
,, Huthwaitii, Cambr. p. 47.
Sintula fausta, Cambr. p. 48. PI. B. Fig. 3.
Syedra pholcommoides, Cambr. p. 48.
Gongylidium retusum, Westr. p. 48.
Tiso vagans, Bl. p. 48.
Erigone longipalpis, Sund. p. 48. PI. B. Fig. 4.
,, arctica, White-Cambr. p. 49. PI. B. Fig. 5.
,, dentipalpis, Wid. p. 49. PL B. Fig. 7.
promiscua. Cambr. p. 50. PI. B. Fig. 6.
atra, Bl. p. 50. PI. B. Fig. 8.
Lophomma stativum, Sim. p. 50. PI. A. Figs. 19, 20,
21.
,, laudatum, Cambr. p. 50. PI. B. Fig. 9.
,, subaequale, Westr. p. 50. PI. B. Fig. 10.
Enidia, F. P. Smith (gen. substi-
tuted for Dicyphns,
Menge, preoccupied) p. 51.
Diplocephalus Beckii, Cambr. p. 51.
Entelecara Thorellii, Westr. p. 51.
,, omissa, Cambr. p. 51.
Pocadicnemis pumilus, Bl. p. 51.
Ott NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIt)A. 73
Styloctetor uncinus, sp. n. p. 51. PI. A. Figs. 22, 23,
24, 25.
Troxochrus hiemalis, Bl. p. 52.
Cnephalocotes obscurus, Bl. p. 52.
interjectus, Cambr. p. 52. PL B. Figs. 13, 14,
1 S-
,, elegans, Cambr. p. 52. P3. B. Figs, n, 12.
,, curtus, Sim. p. 52.
ambiguus, sp. n. p. 52. PI. B. Figs. 16, 17,
18, 19.
Tapinocyba insecta, L. Koch p. 52. PI. B. Figs. 20, 21,
22, 23.
Panamomops bicuspis, Cambr. p. 53.
Baryphyma pratensis, Bl. p. 53.
Wideria subita, Cambr. p. 53.
,, fugax, Cambr. p. 53.
Walckenaera nodosa, Cambr. p. 53.
,, obtusa, Bl. p. 53.
,, nudipalpis, Westr. p. 53.
,, capito, Westr. p. 53. PI. B. Fig. 24.
Cornicularia vigilax, Bl. p. 53.
Cercidia prominens, Westr. p. 54.
Singa pygmaea, Sund. . p. 54.
Epeira triguttata, Fabr. p. 54.
Xysticus bifasciatus, C. L. Koch p. 54.
,, luctuosus, Bl. p. 54.
Oxyptila simplex, Cambr. p. 54.
,, sanctuaria, Cambr. p. 54.
Philodromus rufus, Walck. p. 54.
Trochosa spinipalpis, F. O. P.
Cambr. p. 55.
postuma, sp. n. p. 55. PI. B. Figs. 25, 26.
Lycosa agricola, Thor. p. 55.
herbigrada, Bl. p. 55.
Hasarius arcuatus, C. L. Koch p. 55.
Adausonii, Sav. p. 55.
74 ON NEW AND kARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA.
PHALANGIDEA.
Sclerosomaquadridentatum.Cuvier p. 55.
,, Romanum, L. Koch p. 55.
Oligolophus Meadii, Cambr. p. 56.
,, Hansenii, Kraepl. p. 56.
CHERNETIDEA.
Obisium maritimum, Leach p. 56.
Chernes cyrneus, L. Koch p. 56. PI. B. Figs. 27, 28.
,, phaleratus, Sim. p. 56.
rufeolus, Sim. . P-5&- PI. B. Figs. 29, 30.
ACARIDEA.
Glyphopsis Bostocki Michael p. 56.
For synonyms and other information upon the Arachnida
included above see
ARANEIDEA Spid. Dors., 1881, and Papers subsequently
published in the Proc. Dors. N.H. and A.F. Club, 1882-
1903. Also List of Brit, and Irish Spiders, 1900.
PHALANGIDEA See Monograph of British Phalangidea, Proc.
Dors. N.H. and A.F. Club, Vol. XL, 1890.
CHERNETIDEA See Monograph on the British Species of
Chernetidea or False Scorpions, I.e., Vol. XIII., 1892.
"gffcmts.
By the Rev. E. F. LINTON, M.A.
JTJHE second edition of the Flora of Dorset was issued
in 1895, an d consequently some ten years have
elapsed since its issue, and it seems a fitting time
to put on record such additional species and
varieties as have since been observed in the
county, and such localities of rarer plants as help
to fill a gap in one or other of the districts. The
seven districts into which the county was divided
by the late J. C. Mansel-Pleydell, Esq., for the
purposes of the Flora were lettered from A to G ; G, for
instance, denoting the Isle of Purbeck ; F, the Stour watershed
below Shillingstone ; E, that part of it in the county above
Shillingstone ; and so on. These letters I have introduced in
this paper for easy reference to and comparison with the Flora
of Dorset. The nomenclature is that of the London Catalogue,
Ed. IX. ; and, where it differs from that of the Flora, the
synonym used in the latter is added in a bracket.
Myosurus minimus, L. F. A little S. of Wimborne ; Edmond-
sham.
76 bOfcSEt PLANTS.
Ranunculus Lingua, L. F. Cowgrove, Wimborne. R. arvensis,
L. E. Twiford, Compton Abbas.
Helleborus viridis, L. D. Reported to me from Bloxworth by
the Rev. O. Pickard Cambridge. F. Fdmondsham. The
locality, " near Iwerne," should stand in the name of Mrs.
Acton, the finder, who told me of it, and I passed it on to the
Rev. R. P. Murray. H. fcelidus, L. F. Ranston Wood, near a
gamekeeper's cottage, and suspected of being introduced.
Aquilegia vulgaris, L. F. Hod Hill ; Okeford Hill.
Papaver dubium, L. var. Lecoqii, Lamotte. E. Twiford.
F. Iwerne Minster.
Chelidonium majus, L. E. On a wall, Compton Abbas ; a very
hispid form, perhaps due to dry situation. Locally called
" Sollomtyne" (Cranborne).
Fumaria densiflora, DC. D. Mouth of Lytchett Bay, specimen
from L. V. Garland- Lester.
Cheiranihus Cheiri, L. C. Walls, Dorchester.
Arabis hirsuta, Scop. (A. sagittala, DC.). E. Compton
Abbas. F. Hod Hill. A. perfoliata, Lam. A. " Plenty near
Bridport in Dorset," Notes on Drawings for English Botany in
Journ. Bot., 1903, Suppl., p. 19. F. A specimen from Consti-
tution Hill, Parkstone, was shown me by A. E, Hudson.
Nasturtium silvesire, R. Br. F. A very narrow-leaved form,
probably of foreign extraction, occurred in 1893 on ground
where refuse may have been thrown, by Durweston Mill.
Alyssum calycinum, L. F. Kinson ; near Badbury Rings.
Very scarce in both stations. A. maritimum, L. F. With
rubbish on the shore near Parkstone.
Cochlearia danica, L. F. Near the shore N. and E. of Poole.
Sisymbrium Sophia, L. F. By the Mill, Durweston. Intro-
duced ?
Coronopus didymus, Sm. (Senebiera didyma, Pers.). F. Park-
stone and Poole, near the Park.
Brassica ohracea, L. C. Arish Mill. G. Worbarrow Bay.
Lepidium Draba, L. F. Branksome Park, Miss M. Blackmail.
G. Goatarne, by Poole Harbour, Miss Ella Smith.
DORSET PLANTS. 77
Viola palustris, L. F. Moist woodland, Button Holms. V.
hirta x odorata. F. At two spots near Button Waldron. E.
Near Fontmell.
V. silrestris, Reich. The commoner species on the chalk and
London Clay, flowering two or three weeks earlier than V.
Riviniana, Reich. F. Both occur at Edmondsham. The latter
is more frequent in heath districts, where I have not observed
the former at all.
V. ericetorum x Riviniana. F. Railway bank near Dagham's
Road. V. tricolor, L. D. Field S. of Morden Decoy. The
type is rare in the county. A pure yellow form, which I have
no name for, occurs in chalky fields.
Saponaria Vaccaria, L. E. In some quantity in a chalky
fodder field, Compton Abbas, 1894. S. officinalis, L. E.
Strongly established along a hedge-bank between Compton
Abbas and Fontmell. F. Longfleet to Parkstone.
Silene Cucubalus, Wibel., var. puberula, Syme. E. and F. Not
uncommon on the chalk, Shillingstone ; N. and S.W. of
Blandford. S. conica, L. F. In another spot at Parkstone (2 m.
from Mr. Molesley's locality), where this very rare plant has all
the appearance of being native. S. noctiflora, L. F. Two fields
between Foxholes Wood and the railway near Baileygate. Not
in the Flora.
Cerastium semidecandrum, L. Hardly so common as to deserve
no localities. F. Ensbury ; near Cranborne ; Longfleet ;
Verwood. D. N.E. of Wareham ; Lytchett Minster. G. Stud-
land ; Corfe Castle. C. tetrandrum, Curt. F. Abundant from
Parkstone to the Sandhills, and along the Sandhills to the
Haven. C. arvense, L. F. Alderholt ; fieldside, Wallis Down.
G. A glabrate form, greener than usual, S. of Creech Grange.
Spergula arvensis, L., var. vulgaris, Boenn. F. Heatherlands ;
Hamworthy ; Wool Bridge. D. N. of Wareham. Var. sa/iva,
Boenn. F. Canford Cliffs ; Parkstone ; Heatherlands ; Ham-
worthy ; Broadstone ; Kinson. The varieties are not
distinguished in the Flora. I have few notes of the first and
commoner variety.
78 DORSET PLANTS.
Buda rupes/n's, F. J. Hanbury (Lepigonum rupestre, Kindb.).
C. Weymouth Bay, /. W. White (Journ. Bot., 1896, 432). G.
Durlston Head.
Claytonia perfoliata, Bonn. F. Parkstone, Miss M. Wenhvorth
Shields ; near the Haven Hotel.
Hyperieum dubium, Leers (H. quadrangulum, L.). F. Queen's
Wood, Horton ; W. of Verwood Station ; Sutton Common ;
Cross Keys, near West Moors.
Lavatera arborea, L. F. Parkstone, near Poole Park ;
Hamworthy Junction. Usually a casual now, though formerly
native.
Tilia cordafa, Mill. (T. parvifolia, Ehrh.). F. In some
quantity about xooyds. W. of Verwood Station, in a hedgerow.
I have not seen it yet in the old and only other Dorset station,
woods in Cranborne Chase.
Getanium striatum, L. D. Roadside, out of Bere Regis, 1894,
not a native. G. pyrenaicum, L. E. Compton Abbas.
Ononis spinosa, L. E. East Orchard ; rare in the county,
except in the north and north-west.
Medicago falcata, L. C. Radipole towards Weymouth, J. W.
White (Journ. Sot., 1896, 432).
Tri folium medium, L. E. and F. Frequent E. and N.E. of
Blandford. G. Bushey, near Corfe Castle.
Anthyllis Vulneraria, L. F. Between Edmondsham and
Verwood Station. E. Plentiful near Compton Abbas. Rather
rare away from the coast.
Lathyrus Aphaca, L. E. Melbury Hill. L. Nissolia, L. E.
East Orchard.
Prunus Avium, L. F. Ensbury ; Foxholes Wood ; near
Durweston ; Edmondsham. P. Cerasus, L. F. Kinson ; Edmond-
sham to Woodlands.
Rubus suberectus, Anders. F. Alderholt. R. sulcatus, Vest.
F. Alderholt. R. opacus, Focke. D. One mile N.E. of
Wareham. R. integribasu, P. J. Muell. C. Wool. D. Bere
Regis. R. affinis, W. and N. C. Wool. F. Alderholt. Var.
Briggsianus, Rogers. Woolbridge and N. of Verwood. R,
DORSET PLANTS. 79
carpinifolius, W. and N. G. By the Railway N.W. of Corfe
Castle, near Creech. R. incurvatus, Bab. Plentiful on heath
N. of Corfe Castle ; not quite typical. R. mollissimus, Rogers.
F. N. of Verwood Station, abundant. G. Near Corfe Castle,
R. infestus, W. and N. F. Newtown, i m. north. R. dumetorum,
W. and N., var. ferox, Weihe. D. Lytchett Minster. F.
Longfleet ; Kinson ; Corfe Mullen ; Wimborne.
Geum rivale, L. F. Alderholt ; Edmondsham (" wild
columbine"). D. Meadows N.W. of Wareham.
Potentilla argentea, L. C. West of Wareham Station ; near
Hethfelton Plantation, N. of Wool.
Alchemilla vulgaris, L. The Dorset plants of which I have
seen specimens are all the segregate A. filicaulis, Buser ; viz., C.
Evershot, in plenty near the school, hb. W. M. Rogers ;
Rampisham to Wraxall, hb. J. C. Mansel-Pleydell. F. Filgroves,
hb. J. C. Mansel-Pleydell.
Rosa lucida, Ehrh. F. Longfleet ; Wallis Down. Well
established, though not native.
Pyrus torminalis, Ehrh. E. Piddle Wood.
Saxifraga granulata, L. F. Near Cranborne.
Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, L. F. Edmondsham.
Sedum reflexum, L., var. albescens, Haw. F. Abundant on
banks on the Longfleet side of Parkstone ; Broadstone.
Epilobium roseum, Schreb. D. Near Wareham Station, In
the critique on the Flora of Dorset in the Journal of Botany it
was remarked that there were no Epilobium hybrids. The fact is
they appear to be very scarce in the county. I have only noticed
one, viz., E. obscurum x parviflorum. D. Lytchett Minster.
(Enothera biennis, L. F. By the railway, Poole Park. (E.
odorata, Jacq. D. By the railway, Hamworthy to Wareham.
Smyrnium Ohtsa/rum, L. E. Roadside banks, Manston, in
plenty.
Carum segetum, Benth. and Hook. fil. C. West Lulworth.
E. Hinton St. Mary; Manston. F. Shillingstone to Durweston ;
Shapwick, on several hedge banks ; Hemsworth ; Kingston
Lacy ; Longfleet ; &c.
80 DORSET PLANTS.
Crithmum maritimum, L. F. On the railway causeway, Park-
stone.
Caucalis arvensis, Huds. E. Compton Abbas.
Sambucus Ebulus, L. E. Hinton St. Mary.
Galium enctum, Huds. F. Badbury ; Spetisbury ; near
Blandford. G. income, Stokes. E. Twiford. G. Vatllanlii,
DC. D. By Wareham Station. F. Near Ham worthy Junction.
Centranthus ruler, D. C. C. Walls, Preston.
Valerianella dentata, Poll., var. mixta, Dufr. C. Cult, ground,
Portland, /. W. White (Journ. Sot., 1896, 432). G. On a broken,
grassy slope at Seacombe, which looked like a native station.
The variety is not given in the Flora.
Filago apiculata, G. E. Smith. F. Sandy ground, gone out of
cultivation, and since built over, Parkstone, half-way to Brank-
some ; plentiful, 1894-95. New to the county.
Inula Helenium, L. E. East and West Orchard. F. By
Piddle Wood. /. crithmoides, L. G. Rocks just W. of Tilly
Whim caves.
Matricaria Chamomilla, L. F. Parkstone to Longfleet ;
Edmondsham.
Artemisia Absinthium, L. F. Waste ground by border of
heath, Talbot ; most likely introduced here. G. Near Corfe
Castle. A. maritima, L. In plenty near the mouth of Corfe
River.
Senecio campestris, L. E. Compton Abbas.
Arc/turn majus, Bernh. E. Shillingstone. F. Stepleton.
Carduus crispus x nutans. F. A fine plant of this hybrid,
Sutton Waldron.
Centaurea Cyanus, L. F. Near Longfleet Church.
Crepis taraxacifolia, Thuill. E. Compton Abbas. F. Kinson.
G. Goatarne, Miss Ella Smith.
Hieracium rigidum, Htn., var. trichocaulon, Dahlst. F.
Frequent and abundant along the line between Parkstone and
Branksome Stations. Var. acrifolium, Dahlst. Woodland here
and there in Parkstone. H. boreale, Fr., var. Hervieri, Arv.-
Touvet. D. Heath between Ham worthy Junction and Lytchett
DORSET PLANTS. 8 I
Minster. F. Woodlands. H. ttmbellahim, L. E. Piddle Wood.
Var. ccronopifolium, Bernh. F. Wallis Down ; West Moors ;
Queen's Wood, Horton ; Woolbridge Heath. D. Lytchelt
Matravers. These Hawk-weed varieties are new to the Flora.
Taraxacum officinale, Web. A form which appears to be var.
corniculatum, DC., and does not agree with any of our other
varieties, occurs on downs, e.g., F. S. of Shillingstone ; lAm.
E. of Blandford ; Badbury. G. Near Swanage.
Laciuca muralis, Fresen. F. Cranborne. G. Creech Grange,
by the road through the wood.
Campanula glomerata, L. E. Melbury Hill. F. Iwerne
Minster. C. rapunculoides, L. Borders of E. and F. Rabbit
warren, east of Sutton Waldron, far from any house.
Specularia hylrida, A. DC. E. Compton Abbas.
Erica ciliaris, L. F. Heath near the waterworks, Parkstone.
G. All along the Corfe River on the adjoining heath. The
hybrid with E. Tetralix also occurs at Parkstone in some
quantity.
Vinca major, L. E. Fontmell. F. Longfleet ; Upton. V.
minor, L. F. Upton ; Screech Hill, near St. Giles ; Edmond-
sham.
Chlora perfoliata, L. The " Compton Abbas," placed in
District C. in the Flora, should be in District E.
Hyoscyamus niger, L. E. Okeford Hill. F. Canford.
Solanum nigrum, L., var. luteovirescens, Gmel. C. Wareham,
just east of the town. F. Longfleet, in plenty, on waste ground.
G. Redcliff.
Verbascum Lychnitis, L. F. St. Giles' Park, near a lodge on
the east side. V. Blattaria, L. D. Winterborne Zelstone, one
casual plant.
Mimulus Langsdorfi, Donn. (M. luteus, L.). F. Edmondsham.
Orobanche elatior, Sutton. E. Fontmell. F. Edmondsham,
near St. Giles' Park.
Mentha rotundifolia, L. D. Bloxworth, W. R. Linton. G.
Corfe Castle. M. arvensis, L., var. Nummulan'a, Schreb. F.
Hamworthy Junction. Var. praecox, Sole. F. West Moors.
82 DORSET PLANTS.
Chenopodium polyspermum, L. F. Kinson ; S. of Henbury
Hill; Woodlands.
Salicornia herbacea, L., var. ramosissima, Woods. Not so
common as the Flora would indicate. D. Lytchett Bay. F.
Parkstone Saltmarsh. G. Mouth of Corfe River. .S". appressa,
Dumort. F. Hamworthy. G. Near the mouth of Poole
Harbour; new to county.
Polygonum viite, Schrank. D. Lytchett Minster. F. Kinson ;
Hampreston ; W. Parley ; Cowgrove, Wimborne ; Sturminster
Marshall. G. Stoborough meadows. P. minus, Huds. D.
Wool, by the bridge ; near Tonerspuddle. F. Talbot ;
Dudsbury ; West Moors ; Verwood.
Euphorbia platyphyllos, L. F. Edmondsham.
Buxus sempervirens, L. E. Near Fontmell, introduced. F.
Stourpain Gorse, near Pimperne, on the debris of a lime kiln,
very strong, but perhaps not native.
Carpinus Betidus, L. "Generally distributed" in the Flora;
no localities given. D. A mile or more up the R. Piddle
above Wareham. This is the only occurrence of the species
I have met with in the county, where it seems to me very
rare.
Salix triandra, L. D. Wareham to Trigon. S. Hoffmanniana,
Sm. D. Wareham to Trigon. E. Compton Abbas ; East
Orchard. F. Kinson ; Wimborne ; Alderholt ; Iwerne Minster.
G. Corfe Castle ; Littlesea. 6". ambigua, Ehrh. G. Littlesea.
Empetrum nigrum, L. F. Sandhills, Parkstone, Mr. C. B.
Clarke.
Juniperus communis, L. E. Melbury Hill.
Pinus Pinaster, Ait. D. Whole copses, Lytchett Minster to
Wareham ; Morden Park ; Sandford. F. Broadstone. G.
Rempstone Wood and Heath ; Studland ; Arne.
Taxus baccaia, L. F. Stourpaine Furze Down ; frequent and
native about Edmondsham and St. Giles.
Listera cordata, R. Br. F. Discovered in Branksome Park by
Miss E. Armitage in 1895, who saw one plant. I found a few
more soon after.
DORSET PLANTS.
3
Orchis pyramidalis, L. E. Fontmell. F. Stourpaine ; Cran-
borne. O. ustttlata, L. F. Stourpaine. O. ericetorum, Linton.
D. Hamworthy Junction to Sherford Bridge; Morden Decoy.
F. Talbot Heath, near Bournemouth, frequent ; Broadstone ;
West Moors ; Verwood ; Goatham, Edmondsham. G. South
Haven, W. M, Rogers ; Arne ; Bushey.
Habenaria Conopsea, Benth. E. Compton Abbas and Melbury
Hill.
Ophrys muscifera, Huds. F. East end of Okeford Hill. G.
Creech Grange.
Allium oleraceum, L. E. Compton Abbas.
Gagea fascicularis, Salisb. E. In a wood, Hinton St. Mary,
Rtv. E. Acton.
Colchicum autumnale, L. E. Near Fontmell.
Paris quadrifolia, L. F. South of Okeford Fitzpaine.
Juncus compressus, Jacq. C. Fleet to Wyke Regis, J. W.
White. F. Crichel Pond. These are the only stations in the
county, the former record for Poole being an error for J.
Gerardi, Loisel. /. oliusiflorus, Ehrh. D. Lytchett Bay. F.
Near the Salterns, Parkstone. G. Near the mouth of Corfe
River.
Luzula Forsteri, DC. F. Westley Wood ; Hemsworth ;
Crichel ; Edmondsham. Z. Forsteri x vtrnalis (L. Borreri,
Bromf.), hybrid. F. With both parents, Crichel.
Sparganium ramosum, Curtis, var. microcarpum, Neum. D.
Bere Regis. G. S.W. of Wareham. 6". neglectum, Beeby. F.
East of Horton village ; Woodlands ; Woolbridge.
Lemna irisulca, L. Ditches between Wareham and the
station, in plenty. Z. gibba, L. C. Ditches east of Wareham.
D. Ditches near Wareham Station.
Butomus umbellaius, L. D. Ditches between Wareham and
the station.
Potamogeton alpinus, Balb. (P. rufescens, Schrad.). D. Near
Trigon, 2-3 miles above Wareham. F. West Moors. P.
decipiens, Nolte. G. R. Frome, near the Wareham to Swanage
railway bridge. P. crispus, L., var. cornutus, Linton. E. Pond,
84 DORSET PLANTS.
Manston. P. obtusifolius, M. and K. F. Recorded, rightly or
wrongly, by Pulteney, for the R. Stour and its ditches, Dorset.
(See note, Flora of Hants, ist Ed., p. 331.) Ruppia rostellata,
Koch. F. Hamworthy to Lytchett Bay, abundant ; a dwarf
form on harbour mud exposed at low tide. D. Lytchett
Minster, abundant in a ditch separated by a bank from the
harbour.
Zannichellia palustris, L. F. Aimer ; 2 m. above West Moors,
near Cross Keys.
Zostera marina, L., var. angustifoHa, Fr. D. Lytchett Minster.
F. Parkstone, W. M. Rogers. G. Near the mouth of Poole
Harbour, near South Haven. Z. nana, Roth. D. Lytchett
Minster. F. Near the clay pits by Lake, Hamworthy ; Sterte,
near Poole ; Parkstone. G. In the mouth of the Corfe River.
Scirpus silvaticus, L. F. East Moors River by the L.S.W.R.
bridge. S. Caricis, Retz. (Blysmus compressus, Panz.). F.
Cowgrove, Wimborne.
Cladium germanicum, Schrad. D. Marsh f m. east of
Wareham Station. Probably extinct at Morden Mill.
Carex dioica, L. G. Bushey, near Corfe Castle. C. pulican's,
L. D. N.E. and N.W. of Wareham. F. Near Broadstone ;
Woolbridge ; Edmondsham. G. Stoborough ; Wareham Heath,
Corfe Castle ; Rempstone ; Godlingston Heath. C. echinala,
Murr. D. Sherford Brook ; Morden Decoy; Lytchett Matravers.
F. Talbot Heath ; West Moors ; East Moors River ; Peat Moors
River. G. Arne ; Corfe Castle ; Rempstone; Bushey; Littlesea.
C. axillaris, Good. G. Langton Matravers, L. V. Garland-
Lester. C. acuta x Goodcnowti, nov. hybr. D. Between Wareham
and the railway. C. humilis, Leysser. E. Melbury Hill. F.
East end of Okeford Hill. C. laevigata, Sm. D. Copse N. of
East Morden ; Lytchett Matravers. F. Near Canford ; Henbury
Hill ; Alderholt and Edmondsham, abundant. C. disians, L.
D. Lytchett Bay- F. Aimer ; Kingston Lacy ; High Hall ; rare
inland. C. extensa, Good. D. By Lytchett Bay. F. By the
Harbour N. of Poole ; also E. and S.E. of Hamworthy Junction.
C. filiformis, L. D. Besides Morden Decoy, whence I first
DORSET PLAKTS. 85
recorded this rare sedge for Dorset, I have found it between
Wareham and Keysworth. C. pseudo-cyperus, L. F. West
Moors ; Woolbridge.
Panicum Crus-galli, L. F. Nursery garden, Constitution Hill,
Parkstone ; casual.
Setaria viridis, Beauv. F. Waste ground near Longfleet
Church, and near Poole Park ; Bailey Gate ; Hamworthy
Junction.
Spartina Townsendi, H. and J. Groves. G. Near Owre,_/. C.
Mansel-Pleyddl. New to County Flora.
Homalocenchrus oryzoides, Mieg. (Leersia oryzoides, Sw.). Ditch
between Wareham and the station, W. Mitten. New to County
Flora.
Calamagrostis Epigeios, Roth. F. Edmondsham to Wood-
lands.
Gastridium australe, Beauv. (G. lendigerum, Gaud.). F.
Edmondsham ; rare away from the neighbourhood of the coast.
Avena strigosa, Schreb. F. Cult, ground between Bourne-
mouth and Talbot. A. pubescens, Huds. E. Compton Abbas.
F. Shillingstone ; Spetisbury. A. pralensis, L. E. Melbury
Hill. F. Hambledon Hill.
Kccleria cristata, Pers. E. Melbury Hill.
Catabrosa aquatica, Beauv. F. Kinson ; Cowgrove, Wim-
borne ; Corfe Mullen ; Sturminster Marshall to White Mills ;
Shapwick. G. Stoborough ; Bushey ; Woolgarston.
Poa nemoralis, L. F. Under Hod, amid trees by the Stour.
Festuca Myurus, L. C. On a wall, Osmington. F.
arundinacea, Schreb. C. By the shore, Osmington.
Bromus ereclus, Huds. F. Screech Hill, Cranborne ; Edmond-
sham. B. moll is, L., var. interniplus, Hackel. F. Cultivated
field, Edmondsham to Verwood Station. New to county. B.
aruemis, L. F. Aimer.
Lolium temulenlnm, L. Only recorded for Dorset on the
authority of Bell-Salter, who gives no locality. Neither does
Mr. J. C. Mansel-Pleydell. I was, therefore, pleased to find it
in some quantity in a field of rye at Edmondsham. The Darnel
86 bORSET PLANTS.
is perhaps sometimes overlooked, because from above the thin
edge of its distichous spikes is almost invisible ; viewed
horizontally, however, it is easily to see it. I am speaking of
the fruiting stage, when the spike is weighed down and arching.
One or two men at Edmondsham knew it by the name of
" Cheat." The form found here was the awnless var. arvense,
With.
Lepturus filtformis, Trin. G. Littlesea.
Elymus arenaritts, L. F. Flag Head Chine and adjoining
cliff, and by the Haven Hotel.
Asplenium Adiantum-ntgrum, L. F. Cowgrove, Wimborne ;
near Bailey Gate ; Westley Wood ; Witchampton ; Sutton
Holms; Edmondsham. G. Bushey ; Knowle Hill. A. Tricho-
manes, L., said to be common in the Flora, but far from being
so in East Dorset. In the whole of F. I have seen it only once,
the churchyard wall of one of the Gussages. G. Corfe Castle ;
Creech Grange.
Ceterach officinarum, Willd. F. Near Bailey Gate. Very rare
in this district. G. Swanage ; i m. east of Corfe Castle.
Lastraa Oreopleris, Presl. G. Heath near Studland. L.
spinulosa, Presl. F. South of Canford ; West Moors River ;
Alderholt.
Osmunda regalis, L. F. West Moors River ; Woolbridge ;
between West Moors and Hern Bridge, about half way. G.
Stoborough ; Wareham Heath and S.W. of Wareham ; Studland
Heath, in great quantity near the S. end of Littlesea ; Arne.
Ophioglossum vulgalum, L. D. Lytchett Minster ; E. of
Wareham Station. F. Meadows by the Stour, Shapwick, both
sides of the river ; field by Bailey Gate Station ; abundant near
Kingston Lacy ; Edmondsham.
Boirychium Lunaria, Sw. F. Near Branksome Chine (1895),
and still flourishing, 1904.
Chara vulgaris, L. E. Okeford Fitzpaine, in a brickyard pit.
Var. papillata, Wallr. E. West Orchard.
Lamproihamnus alopecuroides, Braun. This rare and beautiful
species, an account of which was given in these " Proceedings "
t>ORSET PLANTS. 87
(Vol. XIII., p. 163, 1892), by the President, together with an
admirable plate, I had the good fortune to find in some pits just
reached by high tides in District F. to the west of Hamworthy
Junction.
I have accumulated many more notes of localities additional
to the Flora of Dorset, many of which are published in my Flora
of Bournemouth (1900) ; but the above list is long enough for its
purpose of supplementing the facts given in the Flora of Dorset
and filling out the geographical distribution of our less common
species and varieties,
"giefurns of ^latnfaff, &c., in
in 1904.
By H. STILWELL.
JTJHE Rainfall in Dorset in 1904 has been slightly in
excess of the normal. Compared with the
average deduced from the Table of Constants
given in the Appendix to the Report for
1898, the ratio has been as ioz'6 to 100. In
this respect it differs from the general
experience of the rest of the country. Else-
where 1904 has been a dry year.
The average Rainfall of 48 stations taken
of the county amounted to 34*53 inches,
in various parts
distributed as under :
Month.
Total.
Proportion.
Difference
in 1904.
1904.
1856 to 1903.
Ins.
January ..
5-309
154
96
+ 58
February
5-035
146
75
+ 71
March
1-633
47
69
- 22
April
1-276
37
67
- 30
May
3-001
87
59
+ 28
June
1-065
31
66
- 35
July
3-227
94
70
+ 24
August
3-856
112
80
+ 32
September
2-532
73
91
- 18
October ..
2357
68
118
- 50
November
1-637
47
104
- 57
December
3-602
104
105
- 1
Total ..
34-530
RAINFALL IN DORSET. 89
Here it will be noticed that, having regard to the time of year,
January, February, May, July, and August, were wet months,
that the autumn was fine and dry, and that in December the
rainfall was nearly normal. For the 49-year period, 1856-1904,
the average rainfall, ascertained by assigning the same value to
each year's return, independent of the number of stations, is
33*769 inches.
With regard to individual stations, the greatest amount,
43*44 inches, was registered at Cattistock ; the smallest,
26*28 inches, at Buckhorn Weston. The latter had not only
the smallest rainfall in the county, but it was relatively the
dryest station, the ratio to the average annual fall being 92*18.
Other places with a small proportionate fall are Winterbourne
Houghton, with a percentage of 93*04; Melbury, 95*25;
Gillingham, 96*27 ; and Beaminster, 96*32. On the other hand,
the following are the largest proportionate falls recorded :
Wimborne, 117*16; Bridport (Coneygar), 114*42; Dorchester
Waterworks, 110*15. Cattistock, with the largest fall, had only
an excess of 3*16 per cent, beyond the normal.
There was no record of 2 inches having been measured in
24 hours in any part of the county. The heaviest fall registered
was 1*88 inch at Longthorns, Winterbourne Whitchurch, on
25th July. At ten stations the rainfall did not amount to i inch
on any one day during the year, but a fall of i inch, or over, is
recorded on 23 different days during the year. The heaviest
and most general fall occurred on the 2gth July, upwards of
an inch having been registered at 15 different places on that
day.
The omission this year of the names of two observers must be
noticed with much regret, namely, those of the Rev. G. H.
Billington, at Chalbury Rectory, and Mr. Oliver Farrer, at East
Stoke. The former had kept a record since 1865, and his death
removes a most careful and reliable observer, and breaks a long
record an event which is always to be greatly deplored. To
make up for these and other losses, the names of eight new
stations appear in the tables, but from two of them only partial
90 RAINFALL IN DORSET.
returns are given, the records not beginning on the ist of
January.
The new stations are :
Milton-on-Stour .. .. Lat. 50 30 N. Lon. 2 17 W.
Stoke Wake ,,5051 220
Wimbonie, Westfieid
Holme ,,5040 2 9 10
East Lulworth (partial return) ,, 50 3" ,, ., 2 12 ,,
Upwey 50 40 24 22853
Littlebredy (partial return) ,, 50 41 45 ,, ,, 2 35 10 ,,
A return from Whitelackington, near Ilminster (Lat. 50 56',
Lon. 2 52'), is added from the neighbouring county of Somerset.
In the following tables the alphabetical arrangement of the
stations has been given up, and the places follow one another,
as far as possible, according to their respective situations.
Beginning at the extreme north of the county with Milton-on-
Stour, a general sweep is taken in a south-easterly direction
towards Verwood, then towards Purbeck in the S.E. corner of
the county, thence along the coast to Lyme at its western
extremity, then turning to the N.W. up to Sherborne, and
ending with the central parts of Dorset. By this arrangement it
will be more easy to compare the rainfall of different places with
that of the immediate neighbourhood.
In conclusion, it is desired to draw the attention of observers
to the necessity of an almost daily inspection of their gauges,
otherwise small falls of rain are unnoticed and unrecorded. It
may also be worth while to add that all entries should be made
to the day previous to that on which the rain is collected. To
insure uniformity in the work, it is very important that this
should be done.
OBSERVERS' NOTES.
STURMINSTER NEWTON. December 5th : Heavy hailstorm,
accompanied by thunder, between 3 and 4 a.m.
STURMINSTER MARSHALL. January ijth: Lightning during
the evening and heavy thunderstorm, with hail, about midnight.
RAINFALL IN DORSET. 91
August nth: 0-92 fell between 9 and 10.45 a.m. No thunder
heard. September i2th : 0*48 fell between 9 and 10.45 a - m -
BLOXWORTH RECTORY. (i.) Almost complete absence of
thunderstorms. The only ones noticeable were on July igth
and 25th, though lightning was seen at a distance on several
other occasions, (ii.) The general coldness and ungeniality of
the nights, even in the finest parts of the summer.
WAREHAM, HOLME. January i3th : Heavy thunder and
hailstorm in the night. August 23rd : Thunder showers.
Greatest rainfall in 24 hours in the year I'oy inch.
WORTH MATRAVERS. January i3th : Thunderstorm from
7 p.m. to midnight. February 2nd : Tidal wave damaged boats
at Chapman's Pool. July i8th: Thunderstorm in evening.
August 24th and 3oth : Thunderstorms. November 2ist :
Thunder and hail with strong W. wind. December yth : Heavy
hailstorm 4.30 p.m. December i2th: Hail in night. Highest
temperature in screen, 76*5, July iyth ; highest temperature in
direct sun, 89, July 8th.
WEYMOUTH, NOTHE. January xoth, i2th, i4th, and 29th :
S.W. gales. 1 2th: Thunderstorm 4.45 p.m. February ist:
Tidal wave; S.W. gales on ist, 8th, 9th, loth, nth, i3th, and
i4th. Barometer fell to 28*850 on February i6th. March 9th :
Thunderstorm at 4 p.m. March 25th : Snowstorm. April 5th :
West gale. May 8th : Slight snowstorm at 2 p.m. Thunder-
storms June 6th at 2 p.m. ; July i2th, 6 a.m. ; July i9th, 8 p.m. ;
August 4th, 10.20 a.m. September i2th : S.E. gale. S.W.
gales on October 5th and i6th, December 5th and i3th ; W. gale
December 3oth. December 6th : Thunderstorm. Bright sun-
shine for the year, 1675!^. 36min. ; sunless days, 69; mean
temperature of the year, 5i'i.
WYKE REGIS. Snow observed on the following days :
February i4th and i6th, March 3rd and 24th. Thunder
January i3th, July i9th (heavy), August 4th (heavy), 24th, 25th,
zgth, and 3 ist, September 6th, and December 5th.
CHICKERELL. January i3th: Heavy thunderstorm, lasting
till an hour or more after midnight. Snow, slight, on
$2 RAINFALL IN DORSET.
February 27th, 28th, 29th, March ist, 2nd, 24th, and 25th.
igth : Thunderstorm with very bright lightning, but never very
near. August 4th : Thunderstorm in morning, lasting several
hours. December 5th : Short thunderstorm, lightning very
bright.
BEAMINSTER (FLEET STREET). 1*05 of rain fell in 28 minutes
on morning of September i4th (entered to i3th). Barometer
(corrected to sea-level) fell to 28*68 on February gth. A
cyclone, or tornado, of narrow breadth, accompanied by
lightning, thunder, and hail, swept over a part of Beaminster
in early morning of December 6th, doing considerable damage
to roofs, ricks, and trees in its course. Snow fell on five
occasions to a total depth of 0*45 melted rain. Average monthly
maxima in shade January, 44'7 ; February, 44'7 ; March,
46'7 ; April, 55'8; May, 6o'8 ; June, 66'8 ; July, 7i'6;
August, 68'4 ; September, 62 0- 7 ; October, 56 0- 9 ; November,
48 0- 5 ; December, 47'!.
BROADWINDSOR, VICARAGE. Snow observed February i5th,
1 6th, 25th, 26th, March 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 25th, May 8th
(slight), November 22nd. Thunderstorms July ipth, August
23rd and 3oth, and December 6th ; on the last date at, 4 a.m.,
accompanied by hail. Cow killed by lightning on that day.
Hailstones picked up size of walnuts, and windows facing west
broken as by bullets.
BROADWINDSOR, BLACKDOWN HOUSE. - - Thunderstorms
observed May roth, slight, July i2th, i9th, heavy, August 3rd,
at night, and morning of 4th. Also thunder August i6th, 2znd,
23rd, and 3Oth. Tremendous hailstorm, with thunder and
lightning, about 3 a.m., December 6th. Stones the size of
walnuts ; much glass broken.
CHEDINGTON. September i4th : The heaviest fall of the
year 1.15 (entered September i3th), fell between 7 and 9 a.m.
This fall appears to have been a local one, as scarcely any was
registered in places a few miles distant. On December 6th we
had between 3 and 4 a.m. a very heavy storm of thunder,
lightning, and remarkably large hailstones.
RAINFALL IN DORSET. 93
CHETNOLE. January zyth : A sudden and violent squall upset
the rain gauge, and there was in all probability more than 0*40,
which was what remained in it. March zpth there was a very
heavy hailstorm, with thunder and lightning, about i p.m., and
on the 3oth several hailstorms. On December 6th, about
3.30 a.m., there was a short sharp storm of thunder and
lightning with hail, followed by wind and rain.
WINTERBOURNE STEEPLETON. The rainfall of the year has
exceeded the average of the previous n years by 3'57in. There
was no long period of drought, 12 days being the longest period
during which no fall was recorded. This occurred between yth
and zoth March.
DORCHESTER No. 2. One-third of the total rainfall occurred
in the first two months, which followed on a year with a total of
13 inches above the average.
ROUSDON, DEVON. The year's rainfall was 3*58 inches above
the average of the last 20 years. June was the driest month,
with o'gq, and July the wettest, with 5*84 inches. This was the
largest record for any July since observations commenced here
in 1883, and included the two wettest days of the year, July 23rd,
i '22 inch, and July 2gth, roi inch. There were 173 rainy days
during the year, which is about the average number. The
longest dry period was 19 days in March, during which only a
slight shower, 0*03 inch, was recorded. In December rain
was measured on 16 consecutive days. On January loth, about
noon, 0*38 inch fell in a very short time. January i3th, about
5*15 p.m., a sudden squall of rain and hail passed over.
Lightning was seen, and as the evening advanced it became
more brilliant, and continued all night, with heavy thunder
over the Channel. Lightning was also frequent on the
nights of i4th and isth. This is very unusual in
January. On the 26th rain commenced about 9 p.m., and
continued till the same time next day, making 24 hours
continuous downpour. On 3oth, at 6 a.m., 0-40 inch fell in
half-an-hour. February, 1904, was the wettest of the last
21 years. The morning of the ist was calm, fair, and frosty,
94 RAINFALL IN DORSET.
but a fresh S.E. gale came on in the evening with heavy rain
and sleet. During the early morning hours of the 2nd a great
tidal wave, causing much damage and alarm, swept along the
south coast, and between 4 and 6.45 a.m. severe earthquake
shocks were felt at Jersey. At this station the barograph
showed no disturbance, and the registering anemometer only a
very light wind movement. On May 23rd rain, with fog,
commenced about 4 p.m., and continued till the same time next
day. Such a continuous downpour, accompanied by dense fog,
is happily unusual. On July igth, at 9 p.m., 0*31 inch fell in
half-an-hour, accompanied by brilliant lightning and thunder,
and soon after noon on the 23rd 075 inch fell in less than
i hour. On the night of December 5th lightning was frequent,
and from 2 to 3 a.m. on the 6th a heavy thunderstorm, with
vivid lightning, was passing over the Channel.
ILMINSTER, WHITELACKINGTON, SOMERSET. January nth :
Vivid lightning and loud thunder. May loth : Very loud
thunder and vivid lightning, about 0^50 inch from melted hail in
iz minutes. A thatched poultry-house was set on fire at
Atherstone Farm by the lightning. Maximum thermometer in
shade recorded on July 9th, 84; loth, 86; nth, 83; i7th,
84; 1 8th, 83; and August 3rd, 81. Lightning and thunder
on July 22nd and August 3rd, 23rd, and 3oth. On the evening
of August 23rd rain and hail, amounting to 2 - oo inch, fell in
about 2 hours.
The following cutting from the Daily Telegraph of Decem-
ber 8th, 1904, refers to the thunderstorm mentioned by several
observers as having occurred in Beaminster and that neighbour-
hood on the 6th of that month :
A DORSETSHIRE CYCLONE.
Tuesday morning the town of Beaminster, in Dorsetshire, was
visited by a cyclone. Rain and hail descended in torrents, the
RAINFALL IN DORSET.
95
wind blew a gale, and the storm was accompanied by heavy
thunder and vivid lightning. The path of the windstorm was
perfectly defined, and extended over an area of about half-a-mile.
At Southgate, the lower end of the town, a tree was torn up
bodily, and many others were stripped of their branches. Slates
and tiles flew through the air, and the timber of one roof was
twisted by the fury of the cyclone. Crossing the road, the
wind struck an engine-house, tearing away the roof and
dropping it in a neighbouring orchard. The storm then made
a sharp turn up the valley, doing great damage in the orchards
and farmyards. A rick of hay had a huge hole torn in it. So
well defined was the track of the storm that some parts of the
town suffered no damage at all.
RAINFALL IN DORSET.
-t-
o
Pn
&
w
tJ
D
E=
OS C! C ^ 1-1 O O
IP i
SOMMMXK? K> KPQ
lll
. .
|I^-w? H .s ^ s -^i
P"" ^ J^fejJ'Sfl; . i lajs
RAINFALL IN DORSET.
co co so ib ^* co
O r-l 05 >O 00 O5 * OS O C5 >O 00 O i-l I- I rH ^
rH ^ 00 IN O
^SCOpr-lpt
t JfecJVll lpf^ s
5i|ti?tl l4f*rif|-l S
S'--^^ o 'a-a
^^is^'S^S 2 a25323i3s
pc,ot3<M,ja w oSo^Ko^^
O PU
98
RAINFALL IN DORSET.
_; -W9A
SooSS"SS5t23
S2SS22 :SSS
T
'08(1
Or-JKOlOvOOMt-t-
r-.fflOCXMOrH-^OOOOtOl-OtO
m AOW;
SrHSS^S-S*
**. ^^.OOOO^O.t- =00^=0 t-
t*
* rH U5 0! OS * OJ rH rH
00(NrHOSINO(NMrH<OSaO
B
S .,das
05 00 <S 00 M M OS rH
OOOOt~OOJIN(M*<NrH<MOCO
rH r-t I-H rH
Snv
OOOt-I--=D5000>--SD^c
-*t^t-S>x-0^ir^.Otif^cOO
? '^If
-*CC01t-0<S!C:rHO
orH,H,Ho<Nocs<saoscsoaOM<N
J3
1-1
2 -aunf
00=0 00=0 cco^^,.
^^=0000 oo =0000 000000^=0 co
s
A K
>>
rt udv
lOrHa<MMrH01
0<N-00-H^.WO.T*WrHO'NO
V
"8 MTSJV
*NrHin05rt^.rHU!M
eqMMOO^OJ*.nl-*COOOO
g '0.8J
(MO-l(M(N(M^ltM!MC>l(N
SSSSSSSSIlliSSSSSfS
* -iraf
SS8SSSSS3S3SJ
i- w c^ c-i r-^ 4i ffi c-i 'fi c-i 6i M e-i c-i c-i
Xiao
o -ujtO-
rH C1 rH C-J IM rH
C-15-1 -iHlMi-t rHr-lrH- iH
p -aaoui
NrHrH rH * (N rH <M
ao -tiii
.S
3 |
^
(Nt-HW rH (MKWOJ
^ X 1^ O X fe ~3 *>^ <
=| '-'' '' --|||f 1 s 'I! J
o.
CS<iobcerHocooo
o3o33Si SoSocoSoi -oooo?
g
rHrHrHrHrHrH rH rH rH
g
c . = go5!;*g3
ogoowooggooogoo og
H
"SSSSSS^SSS?
S^SSSSSS^SSS '??S
8
1 .
3
J=
e .
g
CQ ^3 D S
Stations
Milton on Stour . .
Gillingham
1 Buckhorn Weston
f Shaftesbury
Stunninster Newton .
Shroton House . .
1 Stoke Wake
Wiuterbourne Hooghto
,, Whitchiu
Horton Vicarage
^rS . q> O M c6 v [
IlilH-S.l^l
iPiin . .Him*
sfll Mi^H/tff
||l| .!Jls!iii J|
III! Iliuill "if
RAINFALL IN DORSET.
75
JTOA
s oo ?:r Hg f: ogj :S o 5S 5 ; :Sgsg 3
{:
1
1
o
39(1
<MM-NrHO:00<OOr-OS5eOOt-9.1000<OrHU5
iH rH
2
'AO^J
00500'MC!00<M'n!NrHC:^'OrH0005<N m OrHCO
o3
*
ion
MOSrHlMO.NMMMTj.NrHCOecirH^Hj.OlOO^OOa)
CO
iH iHrHrHrHrHrHriHr-liH rHiHiHrHrHiH rHrH
_
jdag
^OO^OTOOrH-.rHNrHONrHOie.lrHfNtNNrHt-
rH
i.
j
Sny
t-int-oowosooscBOO-.ot-fficotorot-^Ti.i-oo^
.5
1-1
p
Xiup
CJOrH<NWO^5I-00>OrHa)^^SO!NMWO>
n
,S
IH rn rH rH rH rH
aunf
oo -o =00= =,000: oo oo 000=00-. coo,- coo o coo =ot~
co
g
X
OOr-OOOC!t~rHCOC00005><Ot-t-t-tO -OOOOCOO
t.
rH rH (M rH rH rH ?q rH rH rH rH rH rH rH IH rH rH rH rH
S
Mdv
M^^T).HOCOWrHrHSOT(.tDO .(NO-.M(MO
CO
rH IH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH
rt
c
UBTM
<M<N^OOO<MrH(MS.(Ma.MrHOO -rHOOOO
M
l
rHiHrHrH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH
rt
g
qaj
SSSS53SSSUSS5USS?3Sg3 :SS3?3S
M
(M
mf
SSSSSSgJSSSSSSUSSS :S5SS2
M
n
X[tio
OrH^^WrH.C.flO^COt-OOrHe., . 00 . rH rH
K
<c
uiio.
rH
H
I
aaota
fc
O
ao -uji
*
^
1 1
r 1
H
est fall in
lours.
o
1
0*3 **^^ *2 S"^^'5 < * "3 --a)*3
O r^ " "" *"X "r^ AXCir'Sr^^ ^ " "X ^
fa
a,
a -SS838SSaS;S8S888Sa .228SS
H
Q
|
-SSS,3SSS2gS3SggS3! .5SSSfe
8
f
M SgSgg^SSft5S^53^9 5?5SSS
ai
1
1
j |"w c "| '
E
1
Stations
2 *o *c o 2} ',D ' -S " ^ *
5 S'K 5 v ^2 G ^iJ^foc
**. O t- >T 3J r_3 ^* i- 1 ^ .T -Pa 5 49 a tf n " ^
^fejj ^D^^C^ft^g ^S ^^^Q'H ^S?
S'^O^^'^'CS ^ *Sr2'S ll *P *^^fi
Means of the 35
RAINFALL IN DORSET.
TABLE III. STATISTICS OF THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR
AND OF THE HUMIDITY AND AMOUNT OF CLOUD
AT WlNTERBOURNE STEEPLETON MANOR AT
9 A.M., KEPT BY MR. H. STILWELL.
Temperature of the Air.
In Stevenson's Screen.
On Grass.
8
d
11
1904.
Average of
Extremes.
1
1|
s-
1
i"
>
w
In
jl
d
Hi
H
s
H
|
i
M
E9
o
N)
>
o
January
45-1
34-4
40-0
50'9
23-0
30-8
18-0
93
8-2
February
44-2
34-6
39-4
49-7
21-4
31-6
17-0
88
7-2
March
46-8
33-6
40-0
59-1
25-3
31-2
21-9
83
7-1
April
55-2
402
47-3
64-0
32-0
37-2
28'0
83
6-7
May . .
58-4
44-1
50-8
67-2
33-5
41-2
29-0
86
7-1
June
64-1
46-8
54-8
70-0
36-9
43-3
32-2
78
6'2
July . .
68-9
53-8
60-8
80-8
45-8
49-4
38-4
83
67
August
67-8
49-6
58-2
77-8
39-4
44'3
33-1
84
7-0
September
63-4
44-3
53-4
69-1
32-5
38-5
28-8
84
5-9
October
56-9
43-4
49-9
65-7
317
39-4
25-8
91
7'9
November
50-2
34-9
42-6
58-3
21-9
30-8
16-0
90
5-9
December
47-4
36-9
42-4
53-3
25-0
34-1
20-6
94
8-6
Year..
55-7
41-4
48-3
80-8
21-4
37-6
16-0
86-4
7-0
NOTE. The mean daily temperature of the twelve years
ending December, 1904, was 48-6. The year 1898 had the
highest mean viz., 49'7, and 1895 the lowest viz., 47'i.
BurcB goo6s, Porsef, 1552.
(CONTINUED.)
146. The parishe of CORFF MOLEN.
Fyrst, one chalis of Sylver parcell gylt, one crosse of copper &
gylt, j payre of vestmentes of crymson veluet, j cope of crymsen
veluet, j payre of vestmentes of whyt fustyon, iij Table clothes
of whyt clothe, iij Table clothes of satten of brydges yellowe
and grene, one surplice, & j rocket, ij cruetes of Tyn, iiij Belles
in the Tower.
To thuse of the Churche. Appoynted by the said commys-
sioners, j chalis of Syluer, one cope of crymsen veluet, wythe all
the Table clothes & surplices, The resydewe of all the premisses
commyttyd to the custody of thes men vnder wrytten.
Sir Water Mathewe curat\
Richard Leyston
Richard Wyllys
Renold Frampton
Morrys Dyll
William Wyllys
147. The parishe of EVERSUTE.
Fyrst, Too chalyces of Sylver parcell gylt, one pax of sylver
parcell gylt, iiij payre of vestments, j blewe veluet, j Dornex
with thole sute of sylke, thother payre of redd satten a brydges,
iij copes, j crymsen veluet, j of blewe veluet, j of blewe Sarsenet,
Too table clothes of blewe redd & yellowe Satten of brydges, ij
candlestickes & j sencer of bras, j lyche bell, j payr of vest-
mentes of Dornex, iiij belles in the Tower.
To thuse of the Churche. Appoyntyd by the said commys-
sioners, The least chalis, one cope of blewe veluet, wythe all the
Table clothes, and surplices, The resydew of all the premmysses
commyttyd to the custody of thes men Whose Names be vnder
wrytten.
Sir Hugh Gyllat parson v
Thomas Fysher
Richard Hensebury
Alyxander payne
John powne
Richard Doue (?]
Homfrey bushell
102 CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552.
148. The parishe of FROME QUYNTAYNE.
Fyrst, one chalis Sylver parcell gylt, iij payre of vestmentes, j
of purpul veluet one of grene Dornex sylke, thother of redd
worsted Too copes j of blacke veluet, thother crymsen Damaske,
Too candelstickes of bras, j payre of sencers of bras, Too belles
in the Tower.
To thuse of the Churche. Appoyntyd by the saide commys-
sioners, j chalis of Sylver, j cope of crymsen Damaske, wythe all
the Table clothes and Surplices, The resydewe of all the
premysses commyttyd to the custody of thes men Whose Names
be vnder wrytten.
Sir Richard bartlet curat^
William Beare j-Robert Hobbes^
John Byshopp J Roger rydall /
Mem. 12 d.
149. The parish of MELCOMBE HORSEY.
Fyrst, j chalis Syluer, iij payre of vestmentes, j cope of sylke,
j cheseble, j frunt clothe of grene sylk, j cheseble of fustion, ij
corporas with the cases, j pyx of Lattyn ij candelstickes of
Lattyn j crosse of Lattyn, j payre of cruetes of tyn, vj alter
clothes, j surplis, j sencer of bras, j lyche bell, j oyle box of tyn,
ij belles in the Tower.
To thuse of thz Churche. appoyntyd by the said commys-
sioners the chalis, j cope with all the table clothes & surplices,
The residewe of all the premisses comyttyd to the custody of
thes men whose names be vnder wrytten -
Sir Renold Dowle parson -v
William Sprynge
Robert condyt
CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552. 103
150. The parishe of CLENSTON.
Fyrst, j chalis, j cope, j surples, ij Table clothes, j bell in the
Tower ^
To thuse of the churche. appoyntyd by the said commys-
sioners, j chalis, j cope, with the surplice & Table clothes, the
resydewe of all the premisses commyttyd to the custody of thes
men vnder wryttyn -=>
Sir Roger gould parson
Robert Jones -^
Mem. 13.
THE DENARY OF BYRPORTE.
151. The parishe of CHARDESTOK.
Fyrste, .j. challes all gylt with a cover, .j. challes of sylver
parcell gylt with a cover, .j. shipp of syiuer parcell gylt, .j.
sencer of syiuer parcell gylt, Fower payre of vestmentes, .j. of
redd branchede veluet, .j. of red chamlet, .j. of whyt Damaske,
.j. of blewe satten of brydges, Fower coppes, j of redd Dornex,
sylke, .j. of Dornex wrought vppon with yollowe sylke, .j of
blewe Dornex, .j. of blacke woolstede, .j. pyde vestment of
sylke, j clothe to hange before the Table of chyckerell saye, .j.
vestment of redd & grene satten of brydges, j. corporas case
with a charchif, Too Table clothes, fyve paynted banners of
buckram, Too candelstyckes of latten, iij olde surples, Fyve
belles in the Tower, .j. lyttyll bell in the chanceil, ij other
lyttyll belles -
To thuse of the churche. Appoynted by the saide commys-
sioners, .j. challes all gylt ij copis, .j of Dornex with yelowe, .j.
of woolstede, with all the Table clothes & surples, The resydew
of all the premisses to remeayne in the custody of these men
here after Folowyng
Sir John Cryche vicar there William Estmunde
John Coxton Water Clement
104 CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552.
152. The parishe of STOCKLONDE.
Fyrste, j sence of Syluer, .j. shipp of Syluer, j. pax of Syluer
parcell gylt, j challes of Syluer parcell gylt, j hole shute of
vestmentes of purpull veluet, j cope of redd veluet, j vestment
with Decon & subdecon of redd & grene Dornex, ij vestmentes
of blewe satten of brydges, j vestment of blewe sarsenet, fower
belles in the Tower, iiij candelstickes, Too of latten & ij of
Tyn -
To thuse of the Churche. Appoyntede by the saide commys-
sioners, one challes of Syluer, j cope of redde veluet, with all
the Table clothes & surples, The resydewe off all the premisses
commyttyde to custody of thes men here vndre wrytten.
Sir John Knyght curat there William Webber
Harry bowet William Carter
William Spyller paule Towker
Thomas Hamlyne
153. The Chapell of DALWOODE with in the parishe
of STOCKLONDE.
Fyrst, j challes of Syluer parcell gylt, j pax parcel gylt, j pyx
of Syluer parcell gylt, .j sence & a shipp of Syluer, j cope of
blewe veluet, & vestmentes of the same, .j payre of vestmentes
of whyt fustion, iij corporas cases, iij surples, fyve Table clothes,
iij Lent clothes, ij Towelles, iiij great belles in the Tower, .j
lyche bell, iij sacrynge belles, j. holy water pot of bras ij cruetes
of tyn, ij candelstickes of bras.
To thuse of the churche. Appoynted by the sayde commys-
sioners, .j. vestment of blewe veluet with all the Table clothes,
& surples, The resydewe of all the premisses are commyttyde to
the custody of thes men here vndre wryten *=>
Harry Hanne
Richarde Whytmore
CHURCH GOODS, DORSEt, 1552. 165
Mem. 13. d.
154. The parishe of SOUTHE PERAT.
Fyrst, vj payre of vestmentes, j of blewe veluet, j of redde
brydges satten, j of tawnye sarsenet, j of blacke saye, ij payre of
Dornex, ij copes of Dornex, .j Table clothe of blewe & redd
veluet with flowers of gould & sylke, iij corporas & iiij
charchefes ij payre of candelstickes & a payre of sencers of
latyn, .j, challes with the patent of syluer parcell gylt, iij belles
in the Tower, .j. canapy of blewe & redd satten of brydges, ij
surples, iiij Table clothes, .j. cope of blewe veluet, j frunt clothe
of grene veluet, iiij Towelles of Dyapper, .j payntede clothe of
canvas, iij sacringe belles, ij crewetes, .j lent clothe, ij payre of
vestmentes, .j whyt sylke, thother blewe sylke.
155. MOSTRON infra pocfi iam ffd.
Fyrst, iij payre of vestmentes, .j of brydges satten, thother of
dornex, .j challes with the pattent of Syluer, ij copes, .j redd
satten, thother of Dornex, .j crewet of leade, .j lyttell bell, ij
candelstyckes, .j sencer of latten, iij banners paynted, .j crosse
of latten .j surples.
To thuse of the churche. Appoyntede by the sayde commys-
sioners, .j challes, .j cope of Dornex, with all the Table clothes
& surples, The resydewe of all the premisses comyttyd to the
custody of thes men vndre wrytten.
Sir Hughe farnaii parson there John Gvppey
John Ode Richard Irloner
156. The parishe of MAPERTON.
Fyrst, .j challes of syluer parcell gylt with the pattent, ij payre
of vestments, j of redd satten of bridges, .j of Taffytay, j cope of
Dornex, ij candelstickes of bras, ij Table clothes of lynnyn, ij
belles in the Tower.
106 CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552.
To thuse of the churche. Appoynted by the saide commys-
sioners, j challes, j vestment of redd satten of brydges with all
the Table clothes & surples, The resydewe of all the premisses
commyttede to the custody of these men vadre wrytten -=
Robert Morgan gentleman parson there
Symonde Gyll
John Travys
157. The parishe of BYRTON & SHIPTON.
Fyrst, fyve payre of vestmentes j of sylke Dornex j of grene
satten of brydges, j of redd satten of brydges, j of Dornex, j of
blewe veluet, ij copes, j of crymsen veluet, j of whyt satten of
brydges, iij Table clothes of lynnyn clothe, Too challes of
Syluer parcell gylt ij candlestickes, .j. sencer of bras, iiij belles
in the Tower, .j lyche bell.
To thuse of the churche. Appoyntede by the saide commys-
sioners, j challes, j cope of satten of brydges, with all the Table
clothes & surples, The resydewe of all the premisses comyttyde
to the custody of these men vndre wrytten -=>
Sir John Cotrell parson there Roger Clerke
John Clerke Richard Knyght
William Gregory Harry spenser
158. SHIPTON Capella de BYRTON.
Fyrst, j challes of Syluer parcell gylt, ij payre of vestmentes j
of whyt chamllet, thother of blewe worsted, j cope of blewe
worstede, iij Table clothes of lynnyn, j sencer, ij candelstickes
of bras, Thre belles in the Towre -=>
To thuse of the churche. Appoyntyde by the saide commys-
sioners, j challes, j cope of blewe worstede, with all the Table
clothes, & surples, The resydwe of all the premysses com-
myttyde to the custody of these men vndre Wrytten.
Sir John Cotrell
Rycharde Knyght
Harry Spenser
CHURCH GOObS, DORSET, 155*. 10)
Mem. 14.
159. The parishe of CHEDYOKE.
Fyrst, ij challes of Syluer one parcell gylt, thother Dowble
gylt vij payre of vestmentes j of crymsen veluet, j of blewe
Damaske, j of blacke Damaske, j of whyt satten of brydges, j of
redd satten of brydges, j of blewe sarsenet, j vestment of blewe
veluet, j cope of whyt Damaske, iij Table clothes of lynnyn
clothe, j crosse of Syluer, j sencer of syluer, j pax of Syluer &
gylt, iiij candelstickes, & a sence of bras, iiij belles in the Tower
j lyche bell. -
To thuse cf the churche. Appoynted by the saide commys-
sioners, j challes parcell gylt, j vestment of satten of brydges
with all the Table clothes & surples, The resydewe of all the
premisses comyttede to the custodye of these men vndre
Wrytten.
Sir John Ludlowe vicar there John Beare
William Kyche William orcharde
John Williams William Woodcocke
John Hynde,
160. The parishe of WHYTCHURCHE.
Fyrst, j challes all gylt with the cover, fyve payre of vest-
mentes, j shute of Dornex sylke, j shute of blewe worstede, j
vestmente of crymsen Dornex, j vestment of murrey Damaske, j
vestment of whyt fustion, iij copes, j of redd Dornex, j of blewe
save, j of Dornex, ij candlestickes & a sence of bras, j lyche
bell, fyve belles in the Tower -=>
To thuse of the churche. Appoynted by the sayde commys-
sioners, j challes, j vestment of crymsen Dornex, with all the
surple & Table clothes, The resydwe of all the premysses
comyttyde to the custody of these men vndre wrytten.
Sir John Ludlowe vicar there Nicholas Longe
John Longe William Elyote
William Wyse John Wareham
William Huddy
108 CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552.
161. The parishe of LONGE BRYDDY & LYTTELL
BRYDDY.
Fyrst, iij challes syluer all gylt with covers, iij vestmentes, j of
whyt Damaske, j of changeable sersenet, j of grene satten of
brydges, j cope of blewe veluet, iij Table clothes, ij candelstickes
& a sencer of latten vj belles in the Tower, j Lyche bell, j
surples.
To thuse of the churche & chappell. Appoyntede by the saide
commyssioners, ij challes, j vestment of grene satten of brydges,
with all the Table clothes & surples, The resydewe of all the
premisses comyttede to the custody of these men vndre wrytten.
Sir Roger Bonde parson there John Gyllion
Thomas Byrde John Marten
Robert Bartlet Thomas Cake
Nycholas Bartlet
162. The parishe of ASKERSWELL.
Fyrst j challes gylt with a cover, j olde cope, ij vestmentes, j
of satten of brydges, j of threde, j vestment of whyt lynnyn
clothe, j lent clothe olde, ij Table clothes, j surples vj candel-
stickes of bras, j banner of grene sylke, ij banners of payntede
canvas, ij payntede clothes of canvas, iiij belles in the Tower,
xlli. of olde Iron to the valewe of L s * c ~]
fewer li olde bras to the valewe of
Too brewynge Leades to the valewe
j broche of Iron to the valewe
To thuse of the churche. Appoyntede by the sayd commys-
sioners, j challes gylt, j vestment of satten of brydges, with all
the surples & Table clothes, The resydewe of all the premisses
to the custody of these men vndre wrytten.
Sir William Derby parson Peter Mydway
Thomas Egerdon John Gyll
Robert Derby senior Christopher Darby
John Hardy
CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552. 109
Mem. 14. d.
163. The parishe of COSCOMBE.
Fyrst, iij challes of Syluer parcell gylt, fyve payre of vest-
mentes, j of crymsen veluet, j of grene satten of brydges, j of
whyt sarsenet, ij of Dornex, ij copes, j of redd satten of brydges,
thother of blewe taffytay, iij Table clothes, of lynnyn, ij candel-
styckes of bras, iiij belles in The tower, j lytell bell -*
To thuse of the chttrche. Appoyntede by the saide coramys-
sioners, The least challes, j cope of satten of brydges, with all
the Table clothes & surplices, the resydewe of all the premisses
comyttyde to the custody of these men vndre wrytten.
Sir John Gyll curat there John Hopkens
William Barnes Robert Wooddyer
Robert Heren
164. The Boroughe of BYRTPORT.
Fyrst, ij challices, j all gylt, thother parcell gylt, with ther
covers, j crose of Syluer, j sence of syluer, j shipp of syluer, vj
copes, j of blewe veluet, j of grene veluet, .j of crymsen veluet,
j of murry veluet, ij of whyt Damaske, with Decon & subdecon,
iij payre of vestmentes with decon & subdecon of veluet
accordinge to the copes before named, j vestment of grene
satten of brydges, ij candelstickes & j sence of latten, j holy
water pott of bras, iij belles in the Tower, j lyche bell.
To thuse of the churche. Appoyntede by the sayd commys-
sioners, j chalyce parcell gilt, j cope of crymsen, veluet, with
the Table clothes & surplces, The resydewe of all the premisses
to custody of these men vndre wrytten -=>
Sir Richard Harrys parson there Richard Tygyn
George Hyggens William Davy
Cristopher bettyscombe Richard Davy-
John Alforde
1 10 CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552.
165. The parishe of PORTYSHAM.
Fyrst, j chalys gylt, ij cruetes of syluer, .j pax of syluer, j pyx
of lattyn, ij can delsty ekes of lattyn, j crosse of lattyn, j sencer of
latten, iij vestmentes, j of whyt damaske & red veluet, thother ij
of redd damaske & grene, iij copes, j of whyt taffytay, j of redd
sylke, .j. of Dornex, ij paynted banner clothes, iiij Table clothes,
ij surplices, iij belles in the Tower, iij corporas cases, ij carchifes
to the same -
To thuse of the churche. Appoyntede by the saide commys-
sioners ,j challes of syluer, j cope of red sylke, with all the Table
clothes & surplices, The resydewe of all the premisses comyttyd
to the custody of thes men vndre wrytten.
Sir Raffe Haserde vicar-j Hugh Samwaies
Walter samforde J-Owen Hefcfces
Richard Hardy J Thomas bartrme
166. GORTON.
Fyrst, j challes, j vestment of blewe veluet, j bell, j surples, ij
Table clothes,
Sir Thomas Waters, curat, William Hobbes, Owen Hebbes,
These thinges above writen comytted to ther charges -=
167. The parishe of WEST COMPTON.
Fyrst, j challes of syiuer parcell gylt, j vestment of blewe
satten of brydges, j cope of redd satten of brydges, ij candel-
styckes & a sencer of bras, ij belles in the Tower, j surples, ij
Table clothes.
To thuse of the churche. Appoynted by the saide commys-
sioners, j challes, j vestment of redd satten of brydges with all
the surplices & Table clothes, The resydewe of all the premysses
commyttyd to the custody of these men vndre wrytten -=>
Sir John Samwaies parson there Thomas Sargent
William Hardy Jles churchell
Richard Garlande
CtttRCH GOODS, bORSfcT, 1 55 2. ill
Mem. 15.
168. The parishe of LODERS.
Fyrst, ij challices of syluer, one all gylt, thother parcell gylt,
j shute of vestmentes of crymsen veluet, iiij payre of vestmentes,
j of whyt Damaske, j of redd sarsenet, j of redd satten of
brydges, j of dornex, j cope of Dornex, iij Table clothes, ij
candelstickes of bras, j sence of bras, fyve belles in the Tower, j
lyche bell.
To thuse of the churche. Appoyntede by the saide commys-
sioners, j challes parcel gylt, j cope, with all the Table clothes &
surplies, The resydewe of all the premisses comyttyd to the
custody of these men vndre wrytten.
Sir John Baker curat'
John Hutys
John Marshe
John Larder
Harry browne
Myles Warren |
Nycholas Warren J
169. BAWNTON parishe of LODERS.
Fyrst, j chales of Syluer parcell gylt, iij payre of vestmentes, j
of crymsen veluet, j of redde Satten of brydges, thother redde
Sarsenet, ij copes, j of grene dornex, thother of redd sarsenet, j
Table clothe of lynnyn, ij candelstickes of bras, j sence of bras,
j holy water stocke of bras, iij belles in the Tower -*>
To thuse of the churche. Appoyntede by the sayde commys-
sioners, j challes of Syluer, j cope of Dornex, with the surples &
Table clothes, The resydevv of all the premisses comyttyd to the
custody of these vndre wrytten
Sir John Baker curat >
Robert Mone
John Clerke
170, The parishe of WALDYCHE.
Fyrst, j challes sylver parcell gylt, ij vestmentes, j of whyt
bustion, thother of Dornex, ij copes, j of Dornex, thother whyt
Damaske, ij Table clothes of lynnyn clothe, ij candelstickes & a
sence of Latten, ij belles in the Tower, ij surplyces.
112 CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552.
To thuse of the churche. Appoyntyde by the saide commys-
sioners, j challes, j vestment of whyt bustion, with all the Table
clothes & surplices, The resydewe of all the premisses comyttyde
to the custody of these men vndre writen
Sir Robert Blackwell curati
Stephen Hyde
Stephen Akerman
John Hallet
171. The parishe of HOOKE.
Fyrst, j challes, ij vestmentes of veluet, iij belles in the Tower,
ij candelstyckes of bras, j frunt for the Table of veluet, ij
vestmentes of saye } j holy water pott of bras, j cope of sylke, j
surples, iiij Table clothes, j corporas of Damaske *>
To thuse of the churche. Appoyntyde by the saide commys-
sioners, j challes, j cope, with the surples, & Table clothes, The
resydewe of all the premisses comyttyde to the custody of these
men vndre wrytten *>
Sir John Style parson there \
Homfrey Wyllyams J
172, The parishe of MAYDON NEWTON.
Fyrst, ij challices of syluer parcell gylt with ther covers, j pyx
of syluer parcell gyit, j pax of syluer parcell gylt, fyve payre of
vestmentes, j of redd damaske, j of Tawny Dornex, j of purpull
veluet, j of whyt Damaske with decon & subdecon of the same,
j of blewe Dornex sylke iiij copes, j of whyt Damaske, i of
Dornex blewe, j of whyt Dornex, j of branched sarsenet of
orrenge culler, iij clothes to hange before the table, of oryant
culler Dornex, j of whyt & blewe sarsenet, j of grene & yellowe
lockram, iij Table clothes, ij Towelles, iij surplices, j sence & ij
candelstyckes of latten, j crosse of latten, ij crewetes of tyn, j
lychc bell, ij lyttell belles, iiij in the Tower, j holy water pott of
latten -
CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552. 113
To thuse of the churche. Appoyntyd by the saide commys-
sioners, j challes, j vestment of whyt Damaske, with all the
surples & Table clothes, The resydewe of all the premisses
comyttyd to the custody of these men vndre wrytten
Sir Christopher Hadson curat^ Robert Harrys
Christopher Hole I Richard Synge
John goode j William burbege
Robert Myryfyld J
173. The parishe of CHEDYNGTON.
Fyrst j challes gylt with the pattent, iiij payre of vestmentes, j
of purpull veluet, j of Dornex, j of blew sarsenet j of blacke
worstede, ij copes, j of blewe veluet j of blewe sarsenet, ij
candelstickes of bras, iij Table clothes & other ij clothes, j
surples, iij belles in the towere, xj other small belles, j crosse of
latyn j holy water pott *>
To fhuse of the churche. Appoynted by the said commys-
sioners, j challes, j cope of blewe sarsenet with all the Table
clothes & surples, The resydewe of all the premysses comyttyd
to the custody of these men vndre wrytten -=>
Sir Christopher Benston parson \ John Hunt }
John Guppy J Robert Hallet)
174. The parishe of NETHERBURY.
Fyrst, ij chalices of syluer parcell gylt, j pax of syluer parcell
gylt, j shute of vestmentes of blewe Damaske, j shute of
vestmentes of grene sylke Dornex, iiij payre of vestmentes, j of
syluer tynsell, j of red damaske, j of satten of brydges, j of whyt
chamlet, ij copes of guide fygure, j Table clothe, of grene &
redd Damaske, ij candelstickes, & a sence of latten, fyve belles
in the Tower, j lyche bell
114 CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552.
To thuse of the churche. Appoynted by the sayd comys-
sioners, the Least challes of syluer, j cope of gould fygur with all
the Table clothes & surplices, The resydewe of all the premysses
commyttyd to the custody of these men vndre Wrytten.
Sir John Newman vicar there Walter Hoyewelt
Nycholas Crabbe Anthony Collens
Stephen Tacle Robert Crabbe
Hughe Sydwaye
Mem. 15. d.
175. The parishe of BEMYNSTER.
Fyrst, ij challices, j all gylt thother parcell gylt, vj payre of
vestementes, j of rosset veluet, j of blewe veluet, j of whyt satten
of brydges, j of blacke say, j of blacke sarsenet, j of Dornex,
with Decon & subdecon of crymsen veluet, ij copes, j of Tynsell,
j of whyt satten of brydges, iij Table clothes of lynnyn, j
candelstick of bras, ij surplices, j bell in the Tower.
To thuse of the churche. Appoynted by the saide comys-
sioners, the worst challes, j cope of whyt satten of brydges, with
all the Table clothes & surplices, The resydewe of all the
premisses, to the custody of these men vndre wrytten
Sir John Newman vicar there "| Robert Turner .,
James Danyell j-Thomas rodburd
John Hyllary J William Hoskens
John Mason J
176. The parishe of ABBOTYSBURY.
Fyrst, j challys all gylt with the pattent of Syluer, j pax of
Syluer parcell gylt, j cope of redd sylke j vestment of redd sylke,
j redd cope of veluet, j vestment of grene satten of brydges, j
vestment of blacke worsted, j vestment of whyt sylke, j other of
red sylke ij surplices vj Table clothes, iiij Towelles, iij corporas
with their cases, ij frunt clothes of canvas paynted, ij curtens of
grene sylke, j crosse of copper gylt, j pyx of latten, j sencer of
latten, j payre of candelstickes of latten, fyve belles in the Tower.
CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552 115
To Ihuse of the churche. Appoynted by the said commys-
sioners, j challes, ij copes one of redd sylke thother of veluet
with all the surplices & Table clothes, The resydewe of all the
premisses commyttyd to the custody of these men vndre Wrytten.
Sir John Thomson vicar there . John Rodden
Jeffrey Samwaies > Henry curties
Hughe peson ' Nicholas Watercombe '
177. The parishe of WYNTERBORNE ABBAS.
Fyrst, j challes of Syluer parcell gylt, iij vestmentes, j of
crymsen veluet, j of blewe satten, j of blewe sarsenet, j cope of
crymsen Damaske, iij Table clothes of lynnyn cloth, j corporas
case & j carchif, ij Towelles .j. of Dyapper, thother canvas, ij
candelstickes & a sencer of bras, j surples, iij belles in the
Tower, j lyche bell.
To thuse of the churche. Appoyntyd by the said commys-
sioners, j challes, j cope of crymsen Damaske, with all the Table
clothes & surplices, The resydewe of all the premisses comytted
to the custody of thes men vndre wrytten.
Sir Harry Samwaies parson,
Robert Whytell I John Balson -^
Nycholas Adams j William collyer V
Richard bettyscombe ' John carpenter J
178, The parishe of HALSTOCKE.
Fyrst, ij chalices of Syluer, V belles in the Tower, j crosse of
latten, ij candelstyckes of Latten, ij cruetes of tyn, j sencer of
latten, j cope of blewe veluet, j other cope j vestment of whyt
satten, iij olde vestmentes, Vj Table clothes, j corporas, iij
clothes, j surplyce.
To thuse of the churche. Appoynted by the said commys-
sioners, the worst challes, j vestment of whyt satten, with all the
Table clothes & surples, The resydewe of all the premisses
commytyd to the custody of thes men vndre wrytten
Robert Nele } Roger Sylly \
William Sylly ) Roger barge J
Il6 CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552.
179. The parishe of ABBOTYSTOKE.
Fyrst, j challes of syluer parcell gylt, iij payre of vestmentes, j
of redd Damaske, j other of dyuers cullers, j of whyt fustion, ij
copes, one of sylke Dornex, thother russet sylke, iij Table
clothes, ij candelstyckes & j payre of sencers of latten, iij bells
in the Tower, j lyttell bell.
To thuse of the churche. Appoynted by the saide commys-
sioners, j challes, j cope of sylke Dornex, with all the Table
clothes & surples, The resydew of all the premisses comytted to
the custody of thes men vndre Wrytten *
Sir John roby curat^ William Shet \
Thomas goge I William Smyth I
John Dalyber J William Pavy j
Robert HyllaryJ
180. The parishe of SYMYSBOROUGHE.
Fyrst, j chalyce of syluer parcell gylt, j pyx of Syluer parcell
gylt, one cope of grene sylke, one vestyment of blewe veluet, the
decon of the same, j cheseble of redd veluet, one Table clothe
of grene and whyt satten of brydges, Too caridelstickes & a
sence of bras, one holy water pott of bras, Fo\ver belles in the
Tower.
To thuse of the churche. Appoynted by the sayde commys-
sioners, one chalyce of Syluer parcell gylt, one cope of grene
sylke, wythe all The Table clothes and surplyces, The resydewe
of all the premysses are comyttyde to the custody and charge of
these men whose names be vndre wrytten.
Sir John Collens curate Andro we Holcombe,
John baron > Richard Wade
John Jeffrey i John Collant
John Croker
CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552. 117
181. The parish of PUNCKNOLL.
Fyrst, ij challes, j all gylt thother parcel gylt, j whyt vestment
of sylke, ij blewe vestementes of satten of brydges, j cope of
whyt sylke, iij Table clothes of lynnyn, j surplyce, iij belles in
the Tower j pyx of Syluer -=>
To thuse of the churche. Appoynted by the said commys-
sioners, j challyce parcell gylt, j vestment of blewe satten of
brydges, wythe all the surplyces, & Table clothes, The resydewe
of all the premysses are commytted to the custody & charge of
these men whose names be vndre wrytten.
Sir Robert Eyere parson , John Hall
Robert byshoppe
William Ewens
John Locke
James Napper j
Robert Crybbe
Mem. 1 6.
182. The parishe of SWYERE.
Fyrst, j chalyce of Syluer gylt with a broken patient, iij payre
of vestmentes, j of redd sylke, j of blewe sylke, j of threde, ij
copes, j of redd sylke, thother blewe, iij Table clothes, ij
corporas cases, j surples, j Towell, j napkin, j longe bord clothe,
j crosse of bras, j canapie shete, iij belles in the Tower, j olde
canapie ij old candelstickes.
To thuse of the churche. Appoynted by the said commys-
sioners, j challes of syluer, j cope of blewe sylke, with all the
Table clothes & surplices, the resydewe of all the premisses
comyttyd to the custody & charge of these men whose names be
vndre Wrytten
Thomas Attyna \ Robert Rallyns
John Blackwoode J Walter James )
Il8 CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552.
183. The parishe of CATYSTOCKE.
Fyrst, j challes of Syluer parcell gylt, iij vestmentes, j of
crymson taffatye, j of sylke Dornex, j of Dornex, ij copes, j of
blewe satten of brydges, thother of blewe Dornex, ij corporas
cases with their carchifes, ij Table clothes of lynnyn ij candell-
stickes of bras, j payre of sencers of bras iij belles in the Tower,
j lyche bell.
To thuse of the churche. Appoyntyde by the saide commys-
sioners, j chalice, j cope of Dornex, with all the Table clothes,
& surplices, The resydewe of all the premysses are commyttyd
to the custody & charge of thes men whose names be vndre
Wrytten
Sir John Maskall parson^
John pyllarde j-Alyxander Dykei
Thomas Forse J John Harrys )
184. The parishe of TOLLER PORCORUM.
Fyrst, j challyce of Syluer parcell gylt, fyve payre of vest-
mentes ij of them branched Sarsenet, j of redd say, j of whyt
fustyon, j of grene satten of brydges, ij coppes, j of purpull
veluet, j of Dornex, ij surplices, iij Table clothes, j corporas &
ij carchyffes, ij candelstickes of bras, ij Towelles, ij cruetes of
tyn, j lyche bell iij sacrynge belles iiij belles in the Tower, iij
banners of payntyd clothes, j crosse of Lattyn.
To thuse of the churche. Appoyntyde by the sayde commys-
sioners, j challes of syluer, j cope of Dornex, with all the Table
clothes, & surplices, The resydewe of all the premisses to the
custody & charge of thes men Whose names be vndre Wrytten.
Sir Davyd barry vicar
Thomas Buckler I William younge\
Richard bylke (William Swett
Robert Symon Renold Cole J
CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552. Iig
185. The parishe of LYME REGIS.
Fyrst, j challyce Syluer & gylt, j crosse of woode coveryd with
syluer, viij vestmentes, j of clothe of gould, j of blewe veluet, j
of blacke satten, j of blacke worsted, j of whyt Damaske, with
Decon & subdecon to the same, j of blewe satten of brydges,
j of blewe veluet with Decon & subdecon to the same, j of redde
satten of brydges, fyve copes, j of whyt Damaske, ij of whyt
taffytaye, ij of blewe veluet, iiij Table clothe?, iiij Towelles, iij
corporas cases with ij carchyffes, j crosse of copper, j banner of
sylke, j of payntyd clothe, iij surplyces, ij clothes to hange before
the Table, of canvas paynlyd Too belles in the Tower, ij candel-
stickes of Latten.
To thuse of the churche. Appoyntyd by the said commys-
sioners, j chalyce, j cope of blewe veluet, with all the Table
clothes & surplyces The resydewe of all the premisses comyttyd
to the custody & charge of these men Whose names be vndre
wrytten.
Sir Robert palfrey vican
John Morrys f John Tanner \
Richard Norrys J Roger Garlond )
186. The parishe of CHARMOUTHE.
Fyrst j chalyce of Syluer parcell gylt, ij payre of vestmentes, j
of whyt satten of brydges thother of grene satten of brydges, j
cope of Dornex, ij Table clothes of lynnyn, ij candelstyckes & A
sence of Latten, j crosse of Latten, iij belles in the Tower j
lyche bell.
To thuse of the churche. Appoyntyd by the said commys-
sioners, j challes, j cope of Dornex, with all the table clothes &
surplices The resydewe of all the premisses to the custody &
charge of thes men whose names be vndre written
Sir William Sankey parson "i Thomas best
John Lymbery > William Lymbery I
John balston J John James J
120 CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552.
187. The parishe of CHYLFROME.
Fyrst, j chalice of syluer parcell gylt, ij vestmentes j grene
Dornex sylke, thother satten of brydges, j cope of red sarsenet,
ij Table clothes of lynnyn clothe, ij candelstickes of bras, ij
belles in the Tower, j Table clothe of sylke, j holy water pot of
bras, j vestment of blew satten brydges.
To thuse of the churche. Appoyntyd by the said commys-
sioners, j chalyce j vestment satten brydges with one Table
clothe, The resydew of all the premysses to the custody and
charge of these men whose names be vnder wrytten
Sir William Hyllary parson \
Thomas payre ) William Stephens
188. The parishe of MYLTON.
Fyrst, j chalyce parcell gylt, j vestment of blewe satten of
brydges ij candylstickes of bras, j Table clothe of lynnyn iij
belles in the Tower.
To ihuse of the churche. Appoyntyd by the sayd commys-
sioners j chalyce of Syluer parcell gylt, one vestment of blewe
satten of brydges, with all the Table clothes, & surplyces The
resydewe of all the premysses ar comyttyd to the custody &
charge of these men whose names be vndre Wrytten ~=
Sir John Harryson curat^j
Thomas Conwaye /John Symes
Mem. 1 6. d.
189. The parishe of PORESTOCKE.
Fyrst, ij chalyces of Syluer parcell gylt, V payre vestmentes, j
of satten of brydes j of Sylke Dornex ij of Dornex, j of redd
CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552. 121
Damaske j cope of redd Damaske, ij Table clothes of lynnyn,
ij candelstickes of bbras j payre of sencers of bras, V belles
in the Tower j lytell bell.
To thuse of tht churche. Appoyntyd by the said commys-
sioners, The warst chalyce, j cope of redd Damaske with all the
Table clothes & surplices The resydewe of all the premysses
are comyttyd to the custody & charge of thes whose names be
vndre wrytten
Sir John Harryson curat
William Turner
Robert More
Nvcholas Travvs
Harry Turner ~\
William Stephens
Robert prynce J
190. The parishe of HAUKECHURCHE.
Fyrst, j challyce of Syluer parcell gylt, j pax of Syluer parcell
gylt, j pyx of Syluer, V vestmentes with thar albes, j of blacke
veluet, j of grene satten, of brydges, with decon & subdecon, j
of tawny taffytay, ij vestmentes of Dornex iij copes, j of grene
satten of brydges, j or redd satten of brydges, j of blewe
worsted, ij Table clothes, of lynnyn, iiij candelstickes .& a sence
of bras, j holy water pott of bras, iiij belles in the Tower, j lyche
bell.
To thuse of the churche. Appoyntyd by the said commys-
sioners, j chalyce, j cope of redd satten of brydges, with all the
Table clothes & surplices, The resydewe of all the premisses,
commyttyd to the custody & charge of these men whose names
be vndre wrytten -=>
Sir John purches parson
John penny 1 Thomas Balston A
Thomas Samson jWilliam beamont -
John phyppayn Walter grynter '
122 CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552.
191. The parishe of WAMBROKE.
Fyrst, j chalyce of syluer parcell gylt, ij copes j of redd veluet
thother of fustion V vestmentes, j of redd veluet, j of blew
sylke, j of grene j of saye, thother ij of Dornex, j banner of
sylke, iiij of clothe paynted, ij crosses, j of latten thother oi
plated latyn, ij candelstyckes of latten, j sencer of latten, iiij
Table clothes, iiij belles in the Tower, j lych bell, ij sacringe
belles, ij cruetes of tyn.
To thuse of the churche. Appoyntyd by the said commys-
sioners, j chalyce of syluer, j cope of fustion, with all the Table
clothes & surplices, The resydewe of all the premisses com-
mytted to the custody & charge of these men whose names be
vnder wrytten.
John pears \
Robert crandon J
192. The parishe of ALLYNGTON.
Fyrst, j challyee of syluer parcell gylt, iij payre of vestementes,
j of blewe sarsenet, j of blewe satten of brydges, j of Whyt
chamlet, ij copes, j of biewe satten of brydges, thother of
Dornex, ij candelstickes & a sence of bras, ij belles in the
Tower, j lyttell bell, j crosse & a pax of latten, ij corporas cases,
with their carchiffes, j holy water pott of bras, ij Table clothes,
ij Towelles ij Surplices.
To thuse of the churche. Appoynted by the saide commys-
sioners, j chalyce, j cope of blewe satten, with all the Table
clothes & surplices, The resydewe of all the premisses com-
myttede to the charge & custody of these men whose names be
vnder wrytten.
Sir Richard Fort curate Harry Egerdon^
Robert pytfold 1 William Waye
Richard halker 'John Conwey
CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552. 123
193. The parishe of LANGTON HERRYNGE.
Fyrst, iiij vestmentes, j of blewe veluet, j of redd satten of
brydges, j blewe satten of brydges, j of redd russelles worsted,
iij copes, j of blewe veluet thother ij sylke, j grene, thother
murry wrought with sylke, j pyx of Syluer ij surplyces, Vj Table
clothes, ij candelstickes of Latten, j sencer of latten, ij belles, j
holy water pott of tyn, j lyche bell, j sance bell, ij sacringe belles.
To thuse of the churche. Appoyntyd by the said commys-
sioners, j cope of murry sylke, with all the Table clothes &
surplices, The resydewe of all the premisses to the custody of
thes men vnder writen
Sir Stephen Horsewell parson \
Robert carpenter /William Abranu
John Gele [?] / John Smart )
194. The parishe of BRODWYNZOR.
Fyrst, ij chalices of syluer thone parcell gylt, ij cruetes of
syluer, j pycture of syluer, Vij payre of vestmentes j. of grene
cullyred veluet, ij of whyt satten of brydges, j of grene Dornex, j
of blew satten of brydges, j of blacke fustion, j of purpull
sarsenet, ij copes, j of crane cullored veluet, j of sylke Dornex,
ij table clothes, ij candelstickes & a sence of bras, j crosse of
bras, j holy water pot of bras, iiij belles in the tower, j lyche
bell, j surplyce.
To thuse of the churche. Appoyntyd by the said commys-
sioners, the worst chales, j cope of dornex, with all the table
clothes & surples, The resydewe of all the the premisses
comyttyd to the custody of thes men vnder wrytten
Sir John Roche curate Nycholas Herchen-i
John Mantell senior I Hughe Hyde
John Adame (John Traske J
John Mantell Junior J
i24 CrtURCH GOODS, DORSEt, 1552.
Mem. 17.
195. The parishe of BURSTOCKE.
Fyrst, j challice of Syluer parcell gylt, iiij vestmentes, j of
blewe satten, j of blacke satten, j of whyt fustion, j of Turkye
sattyn, ij copes, j of blewe satten j of grene satten of brydges,
iij Table clothes of lynnyn, ij candelstickes & a sencer of bras,
j crosse of latten, iij belles in the Tower, xij Small cheme
belles
To thuse of the churche. Appoyntyd by the saide commys-
sioners, j chalice of Syluer, j cope of grene satten of brydges,
with all the Table clothes & surplyces, The resydewe of all the
premysses commyttyd to the custody of thes men vndre wrytten.
Sir John Hyggen vicar^
j j wu
Robert bagge j-Thomas Hyckes"!
John Howchens 'John Baker J
196. The parishe of WYNTERBORNE STEPLETON.
Fyrst, j chalice of syluer parcell gylt, j pyx of latten, iij
vestmentes with thar albes ij of satten of brydges, thother
fustion, ij copes, j of blewe damaske, thother of brydgs satten,
Vij Table clothes, ij Towelles iiij frunt clothes for the Table, j
of sylke ij of clothe bottken, thother of canvas, iij banner clothes
of lynnyn clothe stayned j sepurker clothe steyned, j clothe for
the rowde stayned, ij surplyces, ij crosses of latten vppon
Tymber, j sencer of latten, j canapy over the pyx, j lyttell bell,
ij cruetes ot tyn, j payre of candelstickes of latten, ij corporas
cases of sylke, iij belles in the Tower, j lyche bell, j other bell
called a sance bell.
To thuse of the churche. Appoynted by the said commys-
sioners, j chalice, j cope of brydges satten, with all the surplices
CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552. 1*5
& Table clothes, The resydewe of all the premysses commyttyd
to the custody of these men whose names be vnder wrytten.
Sir Robert Blundon curat-v Richard Lawrence
John Meche senior ! Raff cake
Richard Hodder J John Meche Junior
Richard Myche
197. The parishe of BRAPPAUL.
Fyrst, j chalice of syluer parcell gylt, iij vestmentes, j of whyt
satten of brydges, j redd Sarsenet, thother of Dornex, ij copes
of Dornex, ij candelstickes & j sence of lattyn, ij Table clothes
of lynnyn, ij chessebelles of sylke, iiij belles in the Tower & j
lyche bell
To thuse cf the Churche. Appoynted by the said comys-
sioners, j chalice, j cope of Dornex, with all the Table clothes &
surplices, The resydewe of all the premisses comyttyd to thes
men whose names be vnder writen
Sir Robert Charde vicar
Robert Waddon 1 William Weye
John Hollerde j Richard Luter
John Derke Nycholas Haller
198. The parishe of RAWNASHAM.
Fyrst, j chalyce of syluer all gylt, V vestmentes, j of crymsen
veluet, j of purpull veluet j of crymsen taffy taye, j of blacke saye,
j of Dornex, ij copes, j of crymsen veluet thother of blacke sylke,
iij Table clothes, ij surplices, j crosse of Syluer parcell gylt j
shipp of Syluer, ij candelstickes of Syluer, j sence of Syluer, j
lyche bell, ij candelstyckes of latten, fyve belles in the Tower.
126 CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552.
To the vse of the churche. Appayntyde by the sayde commys-
sioners, j chalyce, j cope of blacke sylke, with the Table clothes
& surplices, The resydewe of all the premisses comyttyd to the
custody of thes men vnder writen
Sir Thomas burges parson"! William Cobthornel
John Warren /John Keyneye J
199. The parishe of WOTTON PHYTZ PAYNE.
Fyrst, j chalyce with the cover parcell gylt, ij payre of vest-
mentes, j of blew satten of brydges, j of redd Damaske, j cope
of Dornex, ij candelstickes & A sence of brass, ij Table clothes,
j lyche bell, iij belles in the Tower.
To thuse of the churche, Appoyntyd by the said commys-
sioners, j chalice, j cope of Dornex, with all ye Table clothes &
surplices The resydewe of all the premysses comyttyd to these
men under Wrytten.
Sir John Serle parson, John russell \
William Locke | William Dare ;
William Crosse
200. The parishe of CHELBOROUGH.
Fyrst, j chalice of syluer parcell gylt, iij vestmentes, j of blewe
satten of brydges, j of grene Dornex thother of grene saye, j
cope of redd satten of brydges, ij Table clothes of lynnyn, ij
candelstickes, & a sencer of bras, j surplice, ij belles in the
Tower.
To thuse of the churche. Appoynted by the said commys-
sioners, j chalyce of syluer parcell gylt, j vestment of grene
Dornex, with all the Table clothes, & surplyces, The resydewe
of all the premysses comyttyd to the custody & charge of these
men vnder wryttyn
Sir Roger grenewaye parson^
Harry Drake -Sansome Abbot)
Harry Drawe J George baker /
CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552. 12j
Mem. ij. d.
201. The parishe of TOLLERFORDE.
Fyrst, j challes of Syluer parcell gylt with the pattent, j
vestment of whyt Damaske, j of redd Damaske, ij candelstickes,
and & A sencer of bras, j Table clothe, j cruet of leade, j cope
of redd Damaske, ij belles in the Towre.
To thuse of the churche. Appoynted by the said commys-
sioners, j chalyce of syluer, 1 vestment, with all the Table clothes
and surplices, The resydewe of all the premysses to the custody
of thes men vnder wrytten
Sir James Bayly parson , Robert Dawe
/William Skymer j-
TnVin T)au'f Tnnior-'
Richard Hyll j William Skymer
John Dawe Senior John Dawe Junior^
202. The parishe of WRAXOLE.
Fyrst, j chalyce parcell gylt, j cope of whyt Damaske, ij
vestmentes, j of whyt Damaske thother of blewe satten of
brydges, ij candelstickes of lattyn, j surples, ij Table clothes, ij
belles in the Tower, j lyche bell.
To thuse of the churche. Appoyntyde by the saide commys-
sioners, j chalice, j cope, with all the Table clothes & surplices
The resydewe of all the premisses comytted to the custody of
thes men vnder writen
Sir Thomas Burges parson j William Tyser 1
Symon mody j Richard Whorrbw/
203. The parishe of BETTYSCOMBE.
Fyrst, j chalyce of syluer parcell gylt, iiij vestmentes, j blewe
satten, j of whyt satten brydges, j of grene satten of brydges, j
of Dornex, ij Table clothes, ij candelstickes and A sence of bras,
j crosse of latten, ij Surplices, iij belles in the Tower.
128 CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552.
To thuse of the churche. Appoyntyd by the said commys-
sioners, j challes, j cope of Dornex, with all the Table clothes &
surplices, The resydewe of all the premisses comyttyde to the
custody, of thes men vnder writen
Sir John Come parson \
John Dammat > Robert osborne~l
Humfrey paule ' Robert rawe J
204. The parishe of LYTTON.
Fyrst, j chalyce parcell gylt, j cope of whyt Damaske, j
vestment whyt Damaske, iij albes, ij Towelles, ij Table clothes,
j surplice, j lyttell bell, ij cruetes of tyn j pyx of copper, j crosse
of latten, iiij belles in the Tower.
To thuse of the churche. Appoynted by the saide corny s-
sioners, j chalice, j cope of whyt Damaske, with all the Table
clothes & surplices, The resydewe of all the premisses, comyttyd
to the custody of thes men whose names be vnder wrytten -
Sir Willam Bullynge curat
John Morton I Edmonde prowt-j
Jppolat bartlet (William prowt
John fawkener John pypwyne J
205. The parishe of CHYLCOMBE.
Fyrst, of challes Syluer [sic] parcell gylt, ij vestmentes, j redd
sylke, thother whyt sylke, ij surplyces, ij candelstickes of bras, j
crosse copper, iij Table clothes, j cope red veluet, j bell in the
Tower
To thuse of the chute he. Appoyntyd by the said commys-
sioners, j chalys, j vestment red sylke, with all the Table clothes,
& surplices The resydewe of all the premisses comyttyd to the
custody of thes men vnder wrytten
Sir William Curry curat then
Thomas Jesoppe J
CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552. 129
206. The parishe of PYLSDON.
Fyrst, j chalys syluer parcell gylt, j cope of blewe Dornex, iiij
payre of vestmentes, j redd Damaske, j blewe taffytay, j. blewe
satten, j dornex, ij Table clothes of lynnyn j crosse & sencer of
latten, ij candelstyckes of bras, ij belles in the Tower.
To thuse of the churche. Appoyntyd by the said commys-
sioners, j chalyce, j vestment of red Damaske with all the Table
clothes & surples, The resydewe of all the premisses comyttyd
to these men vnder writen
Sir John Cooke curat-v
William Jenkins Vjohn Demet \
Richard Smythe J William baker;
207. The parishe of PORE TOWNE.
Fyrst, j chalyce syluer with the pattent parcell gylt, j vestment
grene sylke, ij Table clothes, j corporas of blacke veluet, Too
belles in the Tower.
To thuse of the churche. Appoynted by the sayd commys-
sioners, j chalice, j vestment of grene sylke, with all the Table
clothes, & surplices, The resydewe of all the premisses comyttyde
to the custody of these men vnder Wrytten.
Sir William Baker parson ) Thomas Stone )
Edward fowrde I Robert Dowche j
Mem. 1 8.
THE DENRY OF SHASTON'.
208. The paryshe of BELLCHALLWELL.
Firste one challice of Silver, iij Belles in the Towre, One
payre of vestmentes of white Saten of Briges, j olde payre of
vestmentes of Durnex j Cope of vnwateryd chamlet, j Syrples, ij
Aulter clothes, j Crosse and ij candelstickes of Latyn.
130 CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552.
To thuse of the churche there. Appoyncted by the saide
commissioners, The saide chalis, the cope, The Syrples, And the
table clothes, The reste commytted to the charge of suche as
here after followethe,
Sir Thomas vyall parson
William Jolyffe \
Roberte Godwyne) John Tollervey
William Jolvffe ) , Thomas Hayne
\ churchevvardens.
209. The paryshe of OSBORNE.
Fyrst ij Belles, One Challice of Syluer, ij Candelstickes of
Brasse, j olde Cope of Durnex.
To thuse of the Churche there. Appoyncted by the saide
Commyssioners, The saide Chalice of Siluer, A Cope of Durnex
The resydue comytted to the charge of suche as hereafter
followethe,
Sir John Dunster vicar
Robte Dowle 'i churche- Thomas Dowle }
Walter Appleby/ wardens Thomas Rychemond)
210. the paryshe of MELBURY OSMONDE.
firste one chalice, V payre of vestmentes, ij copes, ij payre of
candelstickes, j Censer of Brasse, j Sirples, iiij Aulter clothes, A
Border of Silke, iiij Banners, j Crewet of Leade, ij crosses of
Laten, iiij Belles iij Towels, j Trendall of yron, ij corporas
casies.
To the churche vse there, Appoyncted By the saide comys-
sioners, The saide Chalice, one Cope, all the table clothes and
Sirplies, The residue comytted to the charge of those vnder
wry ten
Sir Richarde Adams parson Giles Austyn
John Sherston \ church- Henrye Wallys | parisheoners
Roberte CowperJ wardens Roberte Bigges
CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552. 13!
211. The parishe of STOURE PARVYS.
firste ij Chalices, one all gilte, and thother parcell gilte, One
litell paxe of Siluer and gilte ij candelstickes of Latyn, one pixe
of Brasse Yj Sacrynge bells, a Sencer of Brasse, iiij Belles in the
Tower, ij crosses of Brasse, one holye water pott of Brasse, one
vestment of red velvet one cope of the same, one vestment of
Briges Satten, one Cope of the same, one vestment of blewe
Satten of Briges, one cope of the same, iiij vestmentes, one of
grene Satten of Briges, one of red saye one of Durnex silke, one
of white Tweke, one table clothe of red and yelowe Satten of
Briges, viij table clothes, one of red Saye, and the reste of
Lynnen, iiij Curtens, ij of grene Sarcenet, and ij of grene and
red Saye, one Stremer of Sarsenet, ij olde Banners, one lyttell
pillowe of satten of Briges iiij corporas, one of velvet, one of
checked Silke, ij of grene Satten of Briges, ij Syrples.
Sir Richard Atkynson parson William Mayo
Richarde Ameyre ) churche- John Dowdynge
, _ . . >panssheoners
Thomas trowtell ; wardens Cristopner temple
John Lodye
To the use of the churche there. Appoyncted by the saide
comyssioners One challice parcell gilte one cope of red velvet
one vestment of Satten of Briges and A Cope to the same, ij
Syrples, iiij lynnen table clothes, The resydue to the custodie of
the parson churchewardens & parissheoners abouenamed.
212. The paryshe of SYLTON.
Firste One chalice of Syluer parcell gilte, one Sencers [sic] of
Latyn, one Crosse of Copper, ij greate Candelstickes of Brasse,
ij smalle Candelstickes of Brasse. one Candelsticke of brasse
branched, one payre of vestmentes of red velvet, one payre of
vestmentes of Red sylke, one payre of vestmentes of blewe
Satten of Bridges One Cope of blewe Satten of Briges, one
payre of vestmentes of red Russell, one Cope of Silke, one
132 CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552.
Syrples, V aulter clothes, iij clothes to hange before the aulter
ij payre of Curteyns, one aulter clothe of red sylke, iij Banuers
and A stremer iij corporas with ij casies, iij Belles in the
Towre.
To the churche vse there. Appoyncted by the saide commys-
sioners, One Challice the blewe cope of Briges Satten, with the
table clothes, and Syrples The reste commytted to the charges
of those vnderwryten
Sir John forward parson
William Butte ) churche- Thomas Hopkvns)
pansheoners.
Richarde parsons) wardens Stephane Moger J
213. The parishe of STOKE GAYLARD.
firste. One chalice parcell gilte, ij vestmentes, thone of
Canvas, and thother of blacke Saye with A red crosse, ij Copes,
thone blewe satten of Briges, and thother Red save, ij Belles in
the Towre, one Syrples, ij table clothes, and ij Towelles of
Lynnen
Sir John Colcell parson
Thomas Dave churchwarden.
To the vse of the churche there. Appoyncted by the commys-
sioners, One chalice, ij copes thone blewe Satten of Briges and
thother of red Saye, ij table clothes of Lynnen, one Syrples, The
resydue to the custodye of the parson and churchewarden
abouenamyd
214. The parishe of WOOTTON NOR.
fyrste One chalice of Syluer, iij belles, A crosse of Laten,
ij candelstyckes of brasse ij payre of vestmentes, thone blewe
Silke, thother grene Satten of Briges, iiij aulter clothes, one
Syrples, a corporas, and ij clothes, A cope of grene, Satten of
briges
CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552. 133
To thuse of the churche there. Appoyncted by the saide
commyssioners, one chalice, A cope of Briges Saten with all the
table clothes, and Syrples, The resydue of the premysses are
comytted to the custodye of those vnder wryten
Sir John Dunster curate, William Oldyshe ^
Richarde Wryte \ churche- William grenynge
Thomas Manfilde ) wardens Henry Arber
John Hoode
Mem. 18. d.
215. The parishe of OVER COMPTON.
firste One Chalice of Syluer, one crosse of Laten, iiij Belles,
one corporas case, ij aulter clothes, ij olde copes, iiij payre of
vestementes ij car.delstickes of Laten, one Syrples.
To the churche vse there. Appoyncted by the saide commys-
sioners, one chalice, a cope of grene with all the Table clothes
& Syrples, The reste comytted to the charge of these vnder
wryten
Sir Roberte frye parson
Raynolde Hane } churche- Cutberte Amers j
Thomas Gill ) wardens Thomas Mychell )
216. The paryshe of FAWKE alias ALVESTON.
firste One Chalice of Syluer, iij Belles, vj payre of vestmentes,
one red Silke, another whyte Silke, another blewe, and ij other
of Crane coloure silke, and the sixthe of grene threade, iij Copes
one of Crymson velvet Another of grene Satten, And another of
grene Durnex iiij aulter clothes A fronte for the aulter of Silke,
iij paxes of Laten ij Candelstickes of Brasse, one Sencer of
Brasse, A crosse of Brasse, A corporas case, and iij clothes.
To the churche vse there. Appoyncted, One chalice, a Cope of
grene Satten, with all the aulter clothes and Syrples, The
134 CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552.
resydue of the premysses are commytted to the custodie of those
vnder wryten
Henrye fuller churchewarden
Edwarde Hull
James Lacey ( parissheoners.
John Ladwyn '
217. The parishe of HAYDON.
firste one challice parcell gilte, ij copes, thone of Dornex,
thother of blewe satten iij vestmentes, one grene velvet, Another
of Durnex, & Another of white fustyan, ij Syrplies, ij candel-
stickes of brasse, ij Crewettes of Tynne, ij Banners, thone grene,
thother Red, one paxe of coper, iij belles in the Towre, ij Lyche
belles, ij Albes, iij table clothes.
To the churche vse there. Appoyncted by the saide commys-
sioners, the saide chalice, one Cope of Dornex ij Syrples and iij
table clothes, The resydue to the custodie and charge of those
vnder wryten
Sir John Warwell vicar John Golvesnye
Roberte Stalbridge | churche- William Cuffe > parisheoners
Thomas Togood ) wardens Raynolde Hickes
218. The paryshe of THORNEFORD.
firste One chalice of Siluer, iij payre of vestmentes, one cope
of tawnye Durnex, iij corporas clothes, iiij Aulter clothes, ij
Towelles, iij Belles in the Towre, one crosse of Latyn, ij candel-
stickes of Latyn.
To thuse of the churche there. Appoyncted by the saide
Commyssioners, the said Chalice, the tawnye cope with all the
table clothes and Syrples, The resydue commytted to the charge
of those vnder wryten,
Sir John Russell parson Roberte Stryde
William Elys | churche- John Dybsdall .
Thomas Kinge ) wardens Richard Crybbe '
John Olver
CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552. 135
219. The parishe of NETHER COMPTON.
First one chalis of Syluer ij peyre of vestmentes of Sylke j
cope of grene iij corporas clothes iiij alter clothes iij belles in
the tower
To the churche vse. Appoynted by the said commyssyoners
the said chalis and the grene cope with all the table clothes and
surplecis The residewe comytted to the charge of them vnder
wryten
Pancras Gront parson Nycholas Maunfyld \
Robert Hodgis | Nycholas coll j
Thomas pytman j
220. The parishe of BERHACKET.
First one chalice of syluer one paire of vestmentes of whyt
satten one Cope of Red saten of brigis one surples iij alter
clothes ij corporas clothes with cases thone of Red veluet
thother of whyt saten iij belles one candelstycke of laten.
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said commyssyoners the
chalis, and the Cope with all the alter clothes and surplesis the
rest comytted to the charge of them vnder wryten
Henry Smythe parson
Wylliam Doll \ John Churchhowse |
Thomas Lamcent j Hughe panter j
221. The parishe of STURMISTER NEWTON.
First iij chalices of syluer, a pyx of syluer ij cruetes of syluer
iiij belles ij paire of candelstykes one of brase thother of Tynne
ij holywater pottes of brase, j vestment of Red veluet one Grene
suyt of Damask, a suyt of blacke Damaske a suyt of whyt
vestmentes a vestment of whyt chamlet ij pere of vestmentes
very old vij alter clothes iij towelles ij banners of Sylke ij other
of Clothe ij surpleces one oyle boxe of Syluer one payre of
censers [sic]
vestmentes of Syluer
136 CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552.
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssyoners the
worst chalis one Cope of blewe veluet with all the table clothes
and surplecys The rest comytted to the charge of them vnder
wryten
Lawrence bentame curat Thomas Yong
Richard Chemocke ) churche- William Yngrame > parisheoners
Robert Ford ) wardens Matthewe Gyllet /
222. The parishe of CAUNDELL MARSHE.
First one chalis of syluer iij payre of vestmentes iiij alter
clothes ij cruetes of led j censer of bras ij table clothes of
canvas ij candelstyckes of bras ij corporas clothes j corporas j
surples one alter clothe to hang before the alter j banner of
Sylke.
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said commyssioners the
chalis and one whyt Cope with all the table clothes and surpleses
The rest comytted to the charge of them vnder wryten
Thomas Hull parson John Hull \
William burt | churche- Harry burt ,-parisheoners
Thomas Curtyes j wardens John burt J
Mem. 19.
223. The parishe of LYLLINGTON.
First j chalis of syluer ij corporas cases with iiij clothes viij
alter clothes vj peyre of vestmentes ij of Red sylke a nother whyt
sylk & red, a nother of crane colord sylke and a nother of grene
sylk, ij towelles ij brasen candelstyckes a censer of brase ij
cruetes of tynne one crose of Coper parcell gylt one paxe of
Copper parcell gilt ij surpleses ij copes, one of blewe veluet
thother of gren sylk iiij belles
CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552. 13)
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssiooners, one
chalis of syluer one cope of gryne sylk with all the table clothes
and surpleces, the rest comytted to the charg of them vnder
wryten
William Chapell churchwarden
William Keylwaye John Chapell
Thorns master
224. The parishe of STOWER EST OUER.
First j peyre of vestments of whyt saten embroderid, j peyre
of old vestments of red saten embroderid ij copes of saten one
whyt another greyne j chalis of syluer parcell gilt ij alter clothes
of Lynen j crose of Latyn j peyre of candelstyckes of Laten
j censar of Laten j front to the alter of yelowe saye j banner of
gryne sylk j paxe of laten iij belles in the tower
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssioners, the
chalis and the grene Cope with all the table clothes and
surpleses, the rest comytted to the charge of them vnder wryten
Richard Cave ^
William Stanley curat William Weyt
, , , , D . , _ pansheoners
Thomas Chaper} churche- Richard Craspyn
peter bulleyne J wardens Richard More
225. The parishe of LONG BURTON.
First j chalis of syluer j cope of Red saten of briges ij peyre
of vestmentes thone red sylk thother grene iiij alter clothes
iiij belles a crose of brase ij candelstyches of brase j surples
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssyoners the
chalis and the cope of Red saten of briges with all the table
clothes and surpleses, the rest comytted to the charg of them
vnder wryten
Walter Hayes vicar Edmond Downton^
Thomas Rowde churche- Rise Tytchet |parisheoners
warden Robert pytman J
138 CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552.
226. The parishe of HOLNESS.
First j chalis of syluer a cope of blewe saten ij peyre of
vestmentes thone of whyt saten of briges thother of Red iij
belles, ij surpleses ij alter clothes ij towelles ij candelstyckes of
brase
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssioners the
chalis with the cope of blewe saten, and all the table clothes
and surpleces, the rest comytted to the charg of them vnder
wryten
Walter Hays vicar
Walter Vyncent} churche- Robert Corme "I
Thomas Corme) wardens Walter CormeJ
eoners
227. The parishe of GYLLINGHAM.
First j crose of syluer parcell gylt j sencer of syluer j shippe of
syluer j paxe of syluer ij cruetes of syluer ij chalecis of Syluer &
gylt j cope of Red veluet one whyt cope of sylke j of black saye
j of Red, j of grene j suyt of Red veluet j purple a nother suyt of
whyte j blewe j blacke, j newe vestment of whyt j blewe vestment
of Damask j vestment of whyt j old cheseble ij clothes of draper
for the table ij clothes of holond for the table ij clothes that dyd
hang before the vont ij towelles for the lavetory ij surplecis ij
Rochetes ij peyre of organes iij Lynen clothes j crose of brase j
censar of brase iiij candelstyckes of brase a paxe of brase j holy
water pot of brase iiij banners of sarcenet ij streymers ij curtyns
iij cushines iij corporas j oyle vate of Tynne V great belles j
lytele bell
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssioners the
chalis the cope of Crymeson veluet with all the table clothes and
surpleses, the rest comytted to the charg of them vnder wryten
Thomas Hankines curat Nycholas Rykes \
John Mathewe) churche- John Garret
ypansheoners
I homas Aishe J wardens John Stone
Walter HenburyJ
CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552. 139
228. The parishe of BATCOMBE.
First iiij belles ij peire of vestmentes of saten j cope of gryne
Dornex ij surpleses j corporas clothe vj alter clothes iij towelles
j peyre of candelstyckes of brase j crose of laten
The the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssioners the
cope with all the table clothes and surpleses The rest comytted
to the charge of them vnder wryten
William Slade parson
Henry Kent ) , John Wyffyne
TT ' . [churchewardens , ,
Henry Myntorne ) John Myntorne
229. The parishe of FVNTNELLE.
First j cope ij peyre of vestmentes one of blewe fustyane
thother of Red sylk j chalis of syluer j paxe of syluer j front
clothe of saten of brigis ij surplecis iiij belles in the tower j
crose of brase ij candelstyckes of brase j peyre of censers of
brase iij table Clothes of Lynen ij towelles of Lynen ij front
clothes of partye sylke
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssioners the
chalis and the Cope with all the table clothes and surpleces the
rest comytted to the charg of them vnder wryten
William Rydo'wt vicar Harry Hastoll
Thomas Cryne ) churche- John barter .
Harry Skynner) wardens John Swetnam '
John Davye
230. The parishe of COMPTON ABBAS.
First ij chalices one gilt thother vngilt j pixe of siluer j paxe
of coper j censer of brase iiij vestmentes j of veluet j of Sylke j
of saten of brigis j cope of saten of brigis vj alter clothes of
whyt Lynen ij towelles of Lynen iij belles
*40 CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552.
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssyoners one
chalis j cope of saten of briges with all the table clothes and
surplesis the rest comytted to the charge of them vnder wryten
Christoper Rigley parson Richard Come
William Sevyer ^ churche- John brode I
Harry Cryne ) wardens Edward Williams I
John brokman
Mem. 19. d.
231. The parishe of YETMINSTER.
First v belles in the tower j suyt of vestmentes with a cope of
blewe veluet j suyt of vestmentes of black wosted, with a cope j
payre of vestmentes of whyt saten, one paire of vestmentes of
Red wosted j paire of blewe chamlet j peyre of blewe sylke, j
paire of blewe wosted j cope of Gryne Sylk, j cope of whyt
fustyane ij banners of Lynen clothe ij surpleces vj alter clothes j
chalis parcel 1 gyllt iiij towelles
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssioners the
chalis with the Cope of whyt fustyane, with all the table clothes
and surpleces The Rest comytted to the charge of them vnder
wryten
John Turner Curat Wylliam Shery ,
Thomas Mvndaye^ churche- Wylliam Wyllesl
. , Ipanslu
John Myller J- wardens Walter phelpes
Thomas carter ' John Aylvord
iconers
232. The Chapell of LIGHE.
First j chalis of syluer parcell gylt j crose of laten j candel-
styck of brase ij cruetes of led j cope of Grene Dornexe ij peyre
of vestmentes one Red thother Grene wosted iij belles j corporas
with his clothe ij alter clothes of Lynen j alter clothe of Dornex
j surples
CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552. 141
To Ihe churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssioners the
chalis and the Cope of Grene Dornex with all the table clothes
and surpleses the rest comytted to the charge of them vnder
wryten
Owen vpryce curat
Walter phelpes^
John Myller J
233. The Chappell of CHETNOLL.
First j chalis of Syluer j corporas and a clothe ij Table clothes
iij payre of vestmentes ij candelstyckes of Laten iij belles
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssioners the
chalis and the cope with all the table clothes and surpleces The
rest comytted to the charge of them vnder wryten.
Austyne Grene curat Tristrame Maynard
John Aylvord Thomas Dyar
234. The parishe of BRODFORD.
First iij chalices of syluer j paire of vestmentes j cope of
Crimeson veluet V peyre of vestmentes wherof one is of Sylk the
rest of Dornex ij old copes iiij alter clothes of Saten of briges
and V of canvas, Vj alter clothes of Dyaper j of locorom
[lockram] Item one hundred of led in weight, half a hundred
of candelstyck metail V belles in the tower, Viij towelles ij
corporas iij corporas clothes
To the churche vse. apoynted by the said comyssyoners the
worst chalis j cope of crymeson veluet with all the table clothes
and surplesis, the rest comytted to the charge of them vnder
wryten
Thomas Master vicar John Garret
John Somer \ churche- Lyonell Fraunces j-parisheoners
Nycholas Syller) wardens William Daynyell'
14* CHURCH GOOfcS, t)ORSEt, 1552.
235. The paryshe of STALBRIDGE.
Firste one paxe of siluer gilte, ij chalis, one gilte, thother
vngilte, one pixe of syluer parcell gilte, one payre of Crewetes
of Syluer, ij Crosses of coper ij payre of Crewetes of Tynne iij
paxes, one of whyte bone, another of Brasse, & another of coper,
iij Sacrynge belles one sencer of Laten, iij payre of st?e [jzV]
Stertes \handles ?~\ of Brasse, iij corporas, iij corporas clothes, V
Cussyns of Sylke, One Suet of vestmentes of whyte Damaske
with a cope to the same & an Aulter clothe of the same, one Suet
of vestementes of grene Silke, with a cope, to the same, one
payre of blacke Damaske, one payre of blewe Silke, one payre of
whyte checker silke, one other payre of whyte Silke, one Cope
of checked Silke, iij clothes for the Aulter, iij for the syde Aulter
of diaper iiij frontes of stayned clothes a dexte clothe of the
same, iij payre of curtens stayned iij Towelles, twoo napkyns
ij kerches for the Crosse, one fyne towell of diaper ij dexte
clothes of diaper ij towelles for the aulter. one towell for the
fonte, iij Syrples ij rochetes, iiij Belles in the towre.
To the churche vse. Appoyncted by the said commyssioners.
one chalis vngilte one cope of grene Silke, with all the table
clothes and Syrples The reste commytted to the charge of them
vnder wryten
William Vowell curat Hughe Weston
William Kaylewayk churche- Thomas Snoke
John Jenes senior/ wardens thomas Atwaters
John Jenes Junior,
236. The parishe of MARNHULL.
First iij chalices of Syluer ij parcell gylt thother vngilt j pax
of Syluer j pyx of syluer iiij suytes of vestmentes ij corporas
cases of sylk one of black veluet iij surpleces ij table clothes j
front clothe of sylk stayned ij candelstyckes of bras j censer of
bras ij candelstyckes of Syluer iiij belles
CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552. 143
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssioners the
said chalis vngilt, one of the vestmentes with all the table
clothes and surpleses the rest comytted to the charge of them
vnder wryten
Robert Tucker Curat Thomas Poldon
John Keylwaye } churche- Nycholas Joyse
Nycholas Keylwaye J wardens Thomas Keylwaye '
Thomas bromker .
237. The parishe of MELBURYE BUBE with the
Chapell of WOLCOMBE.
First ij chalecis of syluer, j corporas clothe ij kerchews ij alter
clothes of lynen ij peyre of vestmentes one cope of blewe saten,
iiij belles in the Churche of melbury forsaid and ij belles in the
said chapell, ij candelstyckes of brase j bason of laten j crose of
laten
To the churche vse. Apoyntend by the said comyssioners one
chalis for melbury forsaid and the other for the chapell aforsaid
the blewe Cope of Saten with all the alter clothes and surpleses
and the rest comytted to the charg of them vnder wryten.
Richard Skaland parson ,
Walter Foye William Hebdige \
Alexander buckeler Walter Coxe )
William Foye
Mem. 20.
238. The parishe of HYNTON MARY.
First j chalis of syluer iij belles in the tower j peyre of
vestementes j cope j surples iij table clothes of Lynen ij candel-
styckes of brase one paxe of laten.
144 CHURCH GOODS, DORSEt, 1552.
To the vse of the churche. Apoynted by the said comyssioners
the chalis and Cope the rest comytted to the charge of the vnder
wryten.
John Chiles Curate Robert Etman
Richard Shote \ churche- Robert Markes
pansheoners
John Gardyner) wardens John Hart
Henry samfer
239. The parishe of STOURE ESTOUER.
First j chalis parcell gilt ij corporas with their cases ij alter
clothes ij candelstyckes of brase iij peyre of vestmentes one old
cope of whyt Damaske ij surpleces j Rochet iij belles j sencar of
bras
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssioners, the
chalis and Cope, with all the table clothes and surplecis the rest
comytted to the charge of them vnder wryten.
John bleke curat Richard pytrige
Richard Wyllet j churche- John Demer
Vpansheoners
Harry vanner ) wardens John Coles
Robert Grene
240. The parishe of MARGARET MARSHE.
First j chalis of syluer parcell gylt ij table clothes j surples ij
candelstyckes of laten j crose of coper j cope of dornex iij
vestmentes j pype of brase iij belles in the tower
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssioners the
chalis the cope of dornex with all the table clothes & surpleces
the rest comytted to the charg of them vnder wryten.
John George curat John Hoper )
T . _ ^ churchewardens
Johe Catman)
CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552. 145
241. The parishe of MOTCOMBE.
First j chalis of syluer parcell gilt iiij old vestmentes ij copes
ij front clothes of canvas stayned iij table clothes of lynen iij
corporas cases iij surpleses j Rochet ij candelstyckes of laten j
crose of laten j censer of laten j holywater pot of laten iiij belles
j lyche bell
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssioners the
chalis and one cope with all the table clothes & surplecis the
rest comytted to the charge of them vnder wryten
John Wykes curat John Carre
William Wykes \ churche- William Spencer parisheoners
William brokwaye J wardens William Mountyer
242. The parishe of YEWREN MYNSTER.
First ij chalis of syluer j crose of copper j pax of syluer j
censer of copper j pere of candelstyckes of laten j pyx of syluer
iij copes of sylke V peyre of vestmentes thone of tany sylke with
decon and subdecon, the second red sylke the third of red
damaske thother ij of blacke ij corporas cases with theire clothes
iij surpleses ij alter clothes iiij belles in the towere
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssioners j
chalis j cope with all the table clothes and surpleses the rest
comyted to the charge of them vndre wryten
William Tomson curat William Shaft
Richard Vyvyan \ churche- William Graver
John phylipyn .' wardens John Frenche
parisheoners
243. The parishe of EST ORCHARD.
First j chalis of syluer j vestmentes [f] j cope ij candel-
styckes of brase ij table clothes j front clothe of canvas stayned
ij pax of brase j peyre of censers of brase j towell ij belles
146 CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552.
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssioners the
chalis and cope with all the table clothes and surpleses, the rest
comytted to the charge of them vnder wryten.
Thomas Rede \ churche- William beamond)
T u n 11 A T u /-u pansheoners
John Collyns ; wardens John Chypman )
244, The parishe of TOTBERE.
First ij peyre of vestmentes, thone grene sylke thother blewe
saye j cope of grene saye j chalis of syluer parcell gilt ij candel-
styckes of brase j censer of laten ij belles
To the churche vse, Apoynted by the saide comyssioners the
chalis and the cope of grene saye with all the table clothes and
surpleses the rest comytted to the charg of them vnder wryten
William Gaye \ churche- John Cave \
Thomas Pope) wardens Thomas Stone I
245. The parishe of CHILD OKEFORD inferior &
superior.
First j chalis of syluer parcell gilt j cope of grene saten of
briges j surples ij paire of vestmentes of grene saten of briges ij
alter clothes j towell iij belles.
To the churche use. Apoynted by the said comyssioners the
chalis and cope of grene with all the tabell clothes and surpleses
the rest comytted to the charge of them vnder wryten.
William Wvlkockes curat Gylbert Shere
\ Wieners
William Arnold \ churche- Robert Payne
William freman J wardens
I parishk
CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552. 147
246, The parishe of ST. JAMES in SHASTON.
First j chalis of syluer percell gilt ij peire of vestmentes ij
copes thone of blewe veluet thother cheker ij corporas with their
cases ij surpleses iij alter clothes ij towelles ij candelstyckes of
Latyn ij sacring belles iij belles in the tower
To the chitrche vse Apoynted by the said comyssioners the
chalis the cope of blewe with all the table clothes and surpleses
the rest comytted to the charge of them vnder wryten
Walter Hewes vicar William percy
Antony Anketell \ churche- Henry Henberyl
Richard Wilkynes) wardens John beamond j '
John Ganter
247. The TRYNITYE in SHASTON.
First ij chalis of syluer parcell gilt Vj peire of vestmentes ij
copes ij pyxes one of bone thother of laten j paxe of syluer
parcell gylt Vj alter clothes of lynen iiij frontes to hang before
the alter of peynted clothe j draper towell a canapye of Gryne
sylke ij peyre of candelstyckes of laten ij banners of Sylke iiij
belles j lytell saunce belles, [sic]
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssioners j
chalis j cope of blewe veluet with all the table clothes and
surpleses the rest comytted to the charg of them vnder wryten
William Axe \ churche- Peter Syluester
John Rear ) wardens Walter blandford | parisheoners
John Trent
248, ST. PETERS in SHASTON.
First xv peyre of vestmentes iiij copes xviij alter clothes iiij
frontes to hange before the alter j peyre of candelstyckes of laten
j bason and yewer of laten ij chalis of siluer thone parcell gilt
thother all gilt iij belles in the tower iij surpleses ix banners ij
stremers, Vj corporas cases iiij towelles
148 CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552.
To the churche me. Apoynted by the said comyssioncrs j
chalis j cope with all the table clothes and surpleses the rest
comytted to the charge of them vnder writen.
John Rodberd parson John Fuell
William nell John bartor
249. The parishe of ROMBOLL.
First j chalis of siluer parcell gilt j cope of satene of briges
Viij vestmentes ij belles iiij alter clothes ij towelles one border
of Sylke ij curtynes of Red Sylke
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssioners the
chalis one cope with all the table clothes and surpleces the rest
comytted to the charge of them vnder wry ten
Thomas Glase curat John fowell -v
Peter Hascalh churche- John Haskall Vparisheoners
Thomas pore J wardens Thomas Sheve'
plus in dorso
Mem. 20. d.
250. The Chapell of WEST ORCHERD.
First j chales of Syluer parcell gylt ij peyre of vestmentes
thone of sylke thother of sa[ten of] briges, j cope of Sylke j
crose of brase j censer of brase ij candelstyckes of [brase] ij
belles
To the vse of the church. Apoynted by the said comyssioners
the chalis one cope with all the table clothes and surpieses the
rest comytted to the charge of them vnder wryten
Walter Mewe ) ,
..,,. , [ churcnewardens
William Combe;
CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552. 149
251. The parishe of HOLWALL.
First ij chalis thone gilt thother parcell gylt V belles in the
tower j lyche bell ij s[acri-ng] belles, ij crosses one of Coper gylt
thother of laten and gylt ij copes one of pur[pull] veluet thother
of old sylke a paxe of laten gilt ij pyllowes to laye the crose
[vpon] iij peyre of vestmentes one of grene and Red veluet
thother ij of sylke j lynen clothe to cover the vant ij corporas
clothes ij cruetes of Tynne ij candelstyckes of brase j holywater
pot of belmetall iij old towelles iij old alter clothes [of] lynen
one front clothe for the alter stayned j surples a sepulcer clothe
To the vse of the churche. Apoynted by the said comys-
sioners j chalis j cope with all the table clothes and surples the
rest corny tted to the charge of them vnder wryten
William Wolsaye parson Harry Olvuer )
Robert Olyuen churche- William Shaffy)
Edward Keby ) wardens
252. The parishe of CAUNDELL EPISCOPI.
First ij chalis of syluer one all gylt thother parcell gylt V table
clothes ij towelles of draper iij shetes of lockrome iij front
clothes for the table a grene sarcenet that served for the pyx
iiij peyre of vestmentes wherof ij be saten of briges, ij old copes
of veluet one blewe thother Red j surples a peyre old sencers of
bras ij candelstyckes of brase iiij belles in the tower a holy water
pot of bras
The churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssioners j chalis
tbe Red cope with all the table clothes and surplesis the rest
comytted to the charge of them vnder wryten
Thomas Elyot curat
- Richard Farlev) , Thomas Lyllye
churchewardens _,
Richard byrt ) Raynold martyne
150 CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552.
253. The parishe of PURSE CAUNDELL.
First j chalis of syluer iij belles iiij peyre of vestmentes of sylk
ij copes one of [silk] thother of Dornex iiij alter clothes ij
candelstyckes of laten ij cruetes of lede j crose of laten j sencer
of laten ij corporas with there cases ij banners of peynted ....
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said commyssioners the
chalis the cope of Dornex, with all the table clothes and
surpleses the rest comytted to the charge of them vnder wryten
Thomas Moden parson William Mewe \
John Domet ) churche- Thomas Duffet J parisheoners
John Mewe ) wardens Thomas James;
254. The parishe of STORTON CAUNDELL.
First j chalis of syluer parcell gylt j pyx of laten j shipe of
laten j crose of Laten j peyre of candelstyckes of laten j peyre of
censers of laten j vestment of yelow [silk] j of blacke wosted ij
copes of whyt and red sylke j peyre of curtynes of [silk] iij table
clothes iiij belles in the tower
To ihs churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssioners the
chalis & the red cope with all the table clothes and surpleses the
rest comyted to the charge of them vnder wryten
Robert Symondes curat Laurence Hanne
John byell ) churche- Peter Mewe (parisheoners
William Clement) wardens Ellis churchill J
255. The parishe of LYD LINGECHE.
First j chalis of syluer gylt j peyre of vestmentes of red sylke
ij candelstyckes of bras j crose of laten j alter clothe j towell ij
chesebelles iij belles
CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552.
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssioners, the
chalis and vestment with all the table clothes and surpleses the
rest comytted to the charge of them vnder wryten
Thomas Jurdan parson
Jeflfery Roman ) churche-
Nycholas Roman
Edmond narbard )
jcjiciy rvunidn uaurcne- jLumonu naroaru i . ,
n . , , > pansheoners
Richard Eyre ) wardens Richard Styckley j
nycholas Hane
256. The parishe of KINGTON MA.GNA.
First j chalis of syluer j crose of laten j cope of Red saten of
briges ij peyre of vestmentes thone of whyte saten of brigis
thother of grene j surples j alter clothe a corporas clothe iiij
belles j censer ij candelstyckes of brase
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssioners the
chalis and cope with all the table clothes and surpleses the rest
comytted to the charge of them vnder wryten
Robert palmer curat
John Coke \ churche-
Johnyongei wardens
William yonge
Robert Everod
Christopher were
Henry Dowdinge
parisheoners
257. The parishe of BOCHORNE WESTON.
First j chalis parcell gylt j cope of grene sylke ij peyre of
vestmentes j of blewe sylke thother of save ij surpleses iij alter
clothes ij candelstyckes of brase j censer of bras iij belles in the
tower
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssioners, the
chalis and cope of grene with all the table clothes and surpleses
the rest comytted to the charg of them vnder wryten
Richard Hart parson
Elysaunder yong
Thomas Davage
churche-
wardens
Harry yong parisheoner
152 CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552.
258. The parishe of SUTTON WALRON.
First ij peyre of vestmentes of Saten of briges ij copes one of
saten of briges thother of vvhyt thred j chalis of Syluer ij candel-
styckes of brase j broken Crose of brase iij alter clothes to hang
before the alter of saye and xij Lynen Clothes to ley apon the
alter j pyx of brase j censer of brase iij banners of lynen clothe
j corporas with his Clothe ij surples one clothe callid a Lent
clothe iij belles in the tower
To the churche me. Apoynted by the said comyssioners the
chalis one cope with all the table clothe and surpleses the rest
comytted to the charge of them vnder wryten.
William Mychell parson John King
Vmfrev Andro ) churche- William Mychell
..,.. ' TT .. | T i ^ pansheoners
William HurrelU wardens John Osmont
John Hilgro
Mem. 21.
259. The parishe of MANSTONE.
First j chalis of syluer parcell gilt ij copes of saten of briges
V table clothes of lynen iiij belles iij vestmentes one of purple
veluet ij of grene saten of briges j crose of brase j pyxe of laten
ij frontes of clothe of goold ij surples j bruing led iij corporas
and ij cases
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssioners the
chalis j cope with all the table clothes and surpleses the rest
comytted to the charge of them vnder wryten
Thomas Cooles parson
John Dvcke ) churche- John Comvche}
' ' ., \ pansheoners
Thomas Rident; wardens Robert Tappe )
CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552. 153
260. The parishe of FYFFELD MAUDLYN.
First j chals of siluer parceil gilt iij vestmentes one of vvhyt
damaske, j of blacke saye the third of red save ij copes j of red
veluet thother of red fustyane of apes ij table clothes of lynen ij
brasen candelstyckes j holywater pot of brase j surples iij belles
in the tower
To the churche vse, Apoynted by the said comyssioners the
chalis one cope with all the table clothes and surpleses the rest
comytted to the charg of them vnder wryten.
Robert Newman ) churche- John Newman)
Robert browne ) wardens John Somer )
261. The parishe of EWREN CURTNEY.
First j chalis parceil gilt j vestment of crimeson veluet j of
saten of briges j of grine with birdes j of chaungeable grene and
yewlow j of blewe sylke embroderid with pecokes with j cheseble
with decon and subdecon of the same j cope of crimeson
Damaske one alter clothe of blewe and yellowe sylke j of lynen
stayned j corporas case of clothe of goold and veluet iij belles V
old table clothes
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssioners j
chalis the cope of crimeson damaske with all the table clothes
and surpleses the rest comytted to the charg of them vnder
wryten
Thomas Hebbes Curat Christopher Swetname
Robert Godwyne ) churche- Edward tapper I parisheoners
John Can dye J wardens John wyche
262. The parishe of FARINDON.
First ij peyre of vestmentes of lynen j surples j cope of tany
Damaske ij alter clothes ij belles
154 CHURCH GOObs, DORSET, 1552.
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comissioners the
cope of tany damaske with all the table clothes and surpleses the
rest comytted to the charge of them vnder wryten
Thomas Hebbes curat
Edward Tapper John Wyche
263. The parishe of OKFORD PHtPPIN.
First j chalis of siluer hole gilt iij peire of vestmentes j purple
veluet j whit saten of briges thother of black chamelet ij copes j
of purple veluet thother of whyt saten of briges iiij alter clothes
j of saten of briges iij of lynen j crose of bras ij surpleses iiij
belles in the tower
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comissioners, the
chalis and cope of whyt saten of briges with all the table clothes
and surpleses the rest comytted to the charg of them vnder
wryten
Thomas Hanne curat Edward House \
William Whvt ) John phelpes '
XT i -I/ I churchewardens ..,, \
Nycholas M ewe J William Fote )
264. The parishe of RYME.
First j chalis of siluer j vestment of Grene saten j cope of
blewe saten of briges ij cruetes of led j censer of brase ij candel-
styckes of brase j crose of laten ij basons of brase j holywater
pot of brase ij belles ij kye at xxiiijs. price
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comissioners
the chalis and cope with all the Table clothes and surpleses the
rest comytted to the charg of them vnder wryten.
William Hodges parson
William Russell) ,
churchewardens .
Richard parker ) John Hill pansheoner
CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552. I$5
265. The parishe of MELBURY ABBIS.
First j chalis of syluer parcell gilt j cope of whyt Damaske j
peire of vestments of red veluet j cheseble of whyt canvas iiij
candelstyckes of brase j surples ij table clothes j front of Sylk
j crose Laten j censer of brase iiij belles in the tower
To the churche vse. Apoynted by the said comyssioners the
chalis and cope with all the table clothes and surpleses the rest
comitted to the charg of them vnder wryten
Robert byrd parson John Hiscock-v
William Dewbyn) churche- William Forse Vparisheoners
Thomas Everard J wardens John pettye *
266. The parishe of SHIRBORNE.
First iiij belles ij suytes of vestmentes with decon subdecon
and cope to the same ij other copes, j front to the highe alter j
chalis of syluer parcell gilt ij corporas and ij clothes ij curtyns
of sylk j peyre of Red vestmentes j peyre of Grene vestmentes
iij other peyre
To ike churche vse. Apoynted by the said comissioners the
chalis and the whit cope with all the table clothes and surpleses
the rest comytted to the charg of them vnder wryten
Nycholas Ingleber) churche- John yong
Thomas Wyneff J wardens William meyor
parisheoners
John Stephens^
Jarvts Aishley I
J
(Signed)
GYLES STRANGWAYES
JOHN HORSSEY
GEORGE DE LA LYND
THOMAS TRENCHARD
156 CHURCH GOOfcS, t>ORSE, 1552.
Mem. 22.
THE DEFAUTES OF THE DENRIES^
above wrytten as foloweth
The parishe of CHERMESTER.
Ther Lackythe one challys sold by the
parishoners waynge xij onces at iiijs. viijd. the
once comythe to
The parishe of RADYPOLL.
Ther lackythe one cope of saten of brydges^
price ) vs.
The parishe of WYNFRYTHE.
Ther Lackythe one chalis of syluer & one pax^
of syluer waynge xix onces at iiijs. viijd. the once)
The parishe of WHYTCHURCHE.
Ther lackythe one coppe of blewe chamlet
price xs.
j vestment blewe veluet price xxs.
The parishe of MEADON NEWTON.
Ther Lackythe one bell sold by the parishoners
for xxxti.
The parishe of EST STAFFORDE.
Ther lackythe one payre of vestmentes which
were stolen
The parishe of CORF CASTELL.
pthe on<
parisheoners ther for
There lackvthe one bell which was soldebythe'.
' xxii
CHURCH GOODS, DORSET, 1552. 157
The parishe of COMPTON VALENCE.
Ther lackythe one pax of syluer sold for vijs.
The parishe of DALWOODE.
Ther was stollen one chales price of xxxs.
The parishe of VPPWAYE.
Ther lackythe one bell sold by the parishoners
[sic'] ixli. vjs. viijd
The parishe of LONGE PREDY.
Ther lackythe one chalies sold by the
parishoners for xxxiijs. iiijd.
The parishe of RAMSOULE.
Ther lackyth one crose of syluer parcell gylt
one shippe of Syluer Too candelstyckes Syluer & /
one sence of syluer sold by the parishoners
The parishe of PYLLYSDON.
Ther lackythe Too belles which were stollen
The parishe of FYFED NEVELL.
Ther lackythe one chales which was sold by the
parishoners for iijti
The parishe of SERON.
Ther lackyth one chales & a bell sold by the
parishoners
The parishe of BURTTON.
Ther lackvthe one bell wch was stollen
158 C&tJRCtt GOOt>S, bORSfcT, 1552.
The parishe of .... ON.
Ther lackythe one bell
The parishe of FOWNNELL.
Ther lackythe one chales of syluer, a pyx of
syluer & one cope of veluet
The parishe of ST PETERS in SH ASTON.
Ther lackythe one bell solde for xxiijti xs
The parishe of HYNTON MARTEN.
Ther lackythe one challes sold by the
parishoners for xls
The parishe of VPCERNE.
Ther lackythe one bell one cope of fustion j
chesebell of sylke j albe with a vestment of
sylke, j Aulter clothe of sylke, & iij lynnen
clothes j Towell of Dyaper one fyne shete & ij
kerchefes, ij latten crosses, ij candelstickes of
bras ij cofers, A pece of lead waynge Ixxxti
Taken a wave [by] one Jane Sturton executryx to
Mr Roger Stourtan lorde of Vpcerne.
Mem. 23. (end}.
CANFORD, WYMBORNE MYNSTER, POLE.
Ther be no Inventories taken by reson of the
plague & they have lost ther olde Inventories as
they have send vs word wher vppon ther ys no
vewe taken
CHURCH GOODS, DOkSEt, 1552. 159
EXPLANATION OF WORDS
taken from various works, mainly from Walcott's Dictionary of
Sacred Archaeology, Stratmann's Middle English Dictionary,
Hallivvell-Philips' Dictionary of Archaic Words.
Bedstones. " Bedstones of syluer & gylt" (Beden, prayers). Beads.
Bodkin, Bandkyn, Bottken. A rich cloth of silk with threads of
gold interwoven.
Branched. Embroidered.
Caddes, Caddis. Worsted ribbon or woollen stuff.
Chamlet, Chaml.it. Some Eastern fabric.
Cossynge. Cushion.
Dexe, Dexte. Desk.
Dornax, Dornex, Durnex. Coarse damask made at Doornax or
Tournay.
Kye. " ij Belles ij kye at xviiijs. (264). Cows, kine ?
Latten. A mixed metal resembling brass in its nature and
colour.
Lockram. " Towelles of lockram " (106). An inferior linen.
Paire, Peyre. "A paire of vestments." A set, or suite of vest-
ments. The fine Eucharistic vestments.
Poppenge, Popingaye. A kind of coloured cloth.
Playno. "Tawny playno " (120). From planin to plane, make
smooth. A smooth cloth of tawny colour (?).
Samite. A very rich silk or satin, sometimes interwoven with
gold or silver threads.
Sec. Amongst the names subscribed to the Fordington list is
" John Baron, sec." Sec. is probably an abbreviation of
secretarius, sacristan, " qui ecclesiae secretum curat sac-
rista." (See Maigne D'arnis.)
Stayned. " Stayned clothe." Painted cloth, paintings on linen.
Sypers. "Red satten of Sypers." Cyprus, cloth of Cyprus.
Taffeta. A thin silken material.
Tewke, Tweke. "Blue Tewke" (117). " Tewke to make purses
of, irelis"
Tinsin. A species of satin.
"gHafurattsf ivt JluslraCia.
By the Rev. C. W. H. DICKER, F.R.G.S.
(Bead Dec. 13th, 1904.)
JJ^HE key to the Natural History of Australia lies in her
geological story. She is the oldest country
in the world. Her living indigenous inhabitants
might justly regard our Eocene and recent
fauna and flora as mere mushroom growths of
yesterday. As Salisbury Cathedral comes to us
from the Episcopate of good Richard Poore, so
Australia comes to us from that hour of the
world's morning when flowers first opened to the sunshine, and
four-footed beasts first trod "the pastures of the wilderness."
Picture a vast continent covered with Triassic rocks, resting
upon a solid silurian table-land, and peopled with those living
ferns, calamites, cycads, palms, conifers, fishes, lizards,
crocodiles, birds, and marsupial mammals, whose fossil remains
are dug up in the coal-measures, oolite and chalk deposits of
England. Next, imagine a slight tilling of the whole land the
M-estern side lifted up and the eastern depressed below sea-level
followed by an abrupt upheaval of the ancient line of the
eastern coast to a considerable elevation, and then you will have
THE NATURALIST IN AUSTRALIA. l6l
some idea of what happened to the Australian Continent during;
the Cretaceous period. As will be seen by the accompanying
map, it would now appear as two islands one, an extensive
I.
A. WESTEEN ISLAND, DATING FROM THE SILURIAN PERIOD.
B. TRACT OF LAND SUBMERGED DURING THE CRETACEOUS AND EARLY
TERTIARY PERIODS.
C. EASTERN ISLAND OR CHAIN OF ISLANDS. This Region has under-
gone changes of elevation and has been the scene of much
volcauite activity at various periods.
(Adapted from Wallace's " Island Life.")
table-land, on the west, with its undisturbed original population
of plants and animals, whilst over against it, on the east of a
shallow sea, there stretched a lofty ridge of materials chiefly
1 62 THE NATURALIST IN AUSTRALIA.
secondary, crowned in many places with sheets and caps of
basalt and lava. Since this period a general elevation of the
whole land has taken place ; and, although much of the old
ground has disappeared and Tasmania is now cut off, the
shallow tertiary sea has dried up, and Australia is again one
continent.
To this geological tradition we owe the peculiar charm of
Australian plant and animal life. We really have before us a
great game preserve of Mesozoic times. Cut off by breadths of
deep sea from Asiatic lands, its denizens were exempt from
interference on the part of rival claimants in the struggle for
existence, whilst, during the subsidences and submersion of the
Cretaceous period so fatal in the similar case of the British
Isles they had a safe asylum to the westward in which a large
proportion of existing forms of vegetable and animal life
survived. Thus Australia preserves the types of Mesozoic
vegetation and animals which Britain has lost and replaced by
more recent forms it is, in fact, an " Ark." Its flora and fauna
have had simply to settle accounts amongst themselves and
develope any modifications rendered necessary by a few gentle
terrestrial changes. There have been, of course, occasional
immigrations of birds, reptiles, fishes, bats, such small rodents
as might come in ships or on driftwood, and at some fairly
recent period there was the introduction of the "Dingo;" but
nothing has occurred to greatly disturb the balance of power in
the possession of " Secondary " types.
The interior for many months in the year largely presents the
aspect of arid and waterless desert, many thousands of square
miles having no permanent water supply. When it does rain (at
very uncertain intervals) the land responds bountifully, and
clothes itself with grass waving breast high. Rivers roll through
the plains, large areas are flooded ; but soon the water sinks out
of sight, the grasses are bleached, then break off, and are blown
away, leaving the land a desert again. Here an interesting
geological fact enables the colonist to struggle successfully
through rainless seasons.
THE NATURALIST IN AUSTRALIA. 163
Amongst the Cretaceous rocks tilted by the upheaval of the
eastern coast-line are extensive beds of bibulous sandstone,
which crop up at high elevations on the landward side of the
ranges. (See diagram.} These ranges, densely forested, attract
II.
Water. bearing Strata. , Eastern Australia..
ill
(6")
PACEOTJS. 1, Desert Sandstone.
2, " Boiling Downs " Formation.
3, Water-bearing Strata.
JURASSIC. 4, Darling Downs Basalt.
5, Carboniferous Measures.
TEIASSIC. 6, Toowoomba Basalt.
7, Sandstones and Carboniferous
Strata.
PALEOZOIC. 8, Silurian Rocks.
a heavy rainfall, a good proportion of which is taken into the
absorbent beds, and is passed underground to great distances.
Thus a storage reservoir is formed, available by means of
artesian bores, for the supply of farms and mining ventures far
away in the deserts of the interior. Many hundreds of these
bores are now effectively at work.
Botany. In the "Dirt-bed" at Portland are found some
lumps, called by the quarrymen " Crows' nests," which are
really the bulbous stems of Zamias. These plants belong to the
Cycadacece, an Order abundantly represented in Queensland and
New South Wales to-day. Dr. Carruthers (Tr.L.S., xxvi., 675)
mentions 6 sp. as having been found in Dorset.
1 64 THE NATURALIST IN AUSTRALIA.
Another fascinating Order is the Proteacea. Geologically these
rank as the oldest of true flowering plants, and occur in the
lower rocks of the secondary period. (See diagram.}
hcc
The ferns of Australia are mostly well-known in England ; but
here one can form no idea of the true effect of tree-ferns in their
native glens and gorges, where the Cyathcas, Alsophilas, and
Dixonias form majestic groves, their heads towering to a height
of sometimes 30 or even 40 feet above dense thickets of smaller
kinds.
THE NATURALIST IN AUSTRALIA.
16:
What the pine woods are to Canada, the Gum forests are to
Australia. Over tens of thousands of square miles the Eucalyptus
reigns supreme, spreading over ridge and valley, clothing all
Nature in one great garment of sad-coloured green. This noble
Order of the myrtle family includes no less than 140 species.
The flower is furnished with a curious woody calyx, the united
IV.
EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS (Lab.).
petals forming a sort of hat, which comes off when the numerous
stamens arrive at maturity. The first leaves put forth are
rounded, of a pale-bluish hue ; but subsequently all are
lanceolate or sickle-shaped, dull olive in colour. These hang
i66
THE NATURALIST IN AUSTRALIA.
V.
downwards from the branches, and give the tree a rather woe-
begone aspect. One pleasant exception, however, to this rule
is the small Tasmanian E. Cordata, of which a beautiful
specimen is growing in Lord
Ilchester's garden at Abbotsbury.
I once went there when it was
covered with a mass of silvery
blossom a lovely sight.
The Acacias, or " Wattles" form
a division of the Leguminosia,
numbering over 400 species. This
genus possesses a regular corolla
(generally minute) and a mass of
conspicuous stamens, whose yellow
anthers clothe whole stretches of
country at some seasons with bril-
liant colour. The Wattles range
in size from a small bush to a tree
50 feet high. Sometimes the leaves
are daintily pinnate and feathery,
but in many species they resemble
those of the mistletoe. Some of
the Acacias are cultivated for the
sake of the bark, which is valuable
for tanning purposes. The flowers
are very fragrant ; at times the
scent of A. dealbata is almost over-
powering.
In the warmer parts of New South Wales, in Queensland, and
Tropical Australia the forests partake of the regular jungle
character, in which we get a number of types familiarised to us
by our hothouses and conservatories. Many palms, the
magnificent Moreton Bay Fig, the vast wealth of creepers,
whose festoons of foliage and flower hang from tree to tree, tall
tree-ferns, cycads, jets and clusters of brilliant orchids, elk- horn
and bird's-nest ferns high overhead, all conspire to form scenes
EUCALYPTUS CORDATA.
(Labillardiere). '
THE NATURALIST IN AUSTRALIA. 167
of enchanting beauty. But the tropical flora (as Wallace points
out) is not truly typical of Australia, being largely made up of
immigrants from beyond sea.
I ought, I think, to mention one characteristic Order, namely,
the group of plants belonging to the Epacris family. Their
number and surprising variety of types varying from dainty
alpine elves to stately palm-like growths of 30 feet the
exquisite colouring of their flowers and berries, have made the
Epacrids deservedly popular. Two typical forms will be found
in Plate III.
There are hardly any deciduous trees, in our English sense of
the word, in the southern continent ; as a rule, all are evergreen.
I have personally only made the acquaintance of one a dwarf
beech (F. gunnii] which loses all its leaves in winter. This
reminds us of a rather puzzling thing. In Tasmania there is a
limestone deposit, apparently of Miocene Age, in which the
leaves of willow, alder, birch, oak, and beech occur. Why and
whence did these strangers come " guests that tarry for a day "
and then die out, leaving behind them only our one little
deciduous beech ?
Zoology. Here we find in the flesh a number of interesting
survivals, who, secure in their old Ark, escaped the Deluge of
change which overcame Purbeck and Portland and prepared
the way for Dewlish elephants and other novelties. One old
friend we are glad to welcome a veritable " queer fish," the
Ceratodus of Queensland, found in the English Lias. He grows
to nearly 6 feet long, and, being related to the Amphibrce, is able
to crawl out of the water at night and indulge a healthy taste for
green stuff. The bushmen tell us he climbs trees, but one
can't always digest what bushmen say. An earlier fish still,
whose teeth are very familiar to Dorset geologists, has a way
over there of making himself unpleasantly familiar to Melbourne
swimmers, under the name of " Port Jackson Shark."
Whilst these ancient fishes were enjoying an existence
unspoilt by human interference in Dorset waters, mammalian
quadrupeds made their appearance on dry land. Prof. Owen
1 68 THK NATURALIST IN AUSTRALIA.
brought to light the fact, now generally accepted, that these
were what we now call Marsupials. One at least of the small
beasts of the Portland Stone-beds belongs to a species of
kangaroo rat now actually alive in Australia Myrmicobius.
Animals of this natural Order are distinguished by the provision
of a marsupium, or pouch ; their fossil remains are identified by
the peculiar inward curve of the lower jawbone and by a pair
of flattened "marsupial bones" upon the front edge of the lower
part of the pelvis. The young marsupials are born in an
extremely immature state mere tiny boneless lumps of flesh.
Immediately after birth they are placed (by means of some
incomprehensible manipulation on the part of the parent) in the
pouch, in whose recesses they remain permanently attached to
the papillae for some months. In some of the larger marsupials
the young, after they are weaned, still use the pouch as a place
of refuge. I have seen a kangaroo "joey" take a flying dive of a
couple of yards into his mother's ready pocket, and instantly turn
himself round and pop his head out to have a good look at me.
At the bottom of the scale, in the order of development,
comes the family known as the Monotremata, peculiar to the
southern colonies of Australia, represented by two types well
known as the "Platypus" and the "Porcupine." Although
quadrupeds, they are structurally related to the birds. Both
animals were fairly common in my Bush parish, and I have more
than once seen a Platypus family splashing and romping, rolling
each other over and over, in the river at sunset. The Echidna,
or Australian porcupine, feeds upon ants and other insects. It
delights to stroll along the middle of the road at night, and has
often frightened my horses. It is easily caught by seizing a
hind leg. Its spines are short, but sharply pointed, and
embedded in a coarse brown fur.
Marsupials include a great many sub- Orders and species, from
the great Forester, or Old Man Kangaroo, down to the tiny
Opossum Mouse. The largest kangaroo is on the way to
extinction, but the Brush Kangaroo, the Wallaby, and smaller
kinds are holding their own in the forested regions. In this
THE NATURALtST IN AUSTRALIA. 169
Order there is also an extensive series of carnivora, the largest
being the Tasmanian Wolf (or "Tiger," as he is named on
account of his striped body). A large price is set upon the head
of this animal owing to his destructiveness amongst the sheep.
I knew a case in which one "tiger" killed a dozen sheep in one
night. He was afterwards slain by a shepherd, who showed me
the skin, measuring yft. 6in. from nose to tail.
Another creature, called the "Tasmanian Devil," made
himself extremely objectionable in my neighbourhood as a
robber of poultry roosts, and extremely difficult of capture.
Then there are the Opossums, whose fur is getting more
valuable every year, the beautiful little " Flying Squirrel,"
endowed with a membrane, uniting its fore and hind limbs,
which can be employed as a parachute in leaping from tree to
tree, and the Wombats, queer, drowsy things that readily take
to human society. This character belongs also to the Koala,
which resembles a pretty little bear, and is a favourite pet of
Australian children, although its nocturnal tastes make it playful
at wrong times, and lead it to undesirable excursions up your
curtains and bookshelves.
Reptiles. Of the crocodiles of Northern Australia it is
noteworthy that one species (C. porosus) is found both in
Queensland and India. Lizards are well represented, some
attaining a considerable size. Perhaps the most remarkable is
the big "Frilled Lizard," of which I have a skin for your
inspection. The Monitors (commonly called " Go-anners ") are
very numerous, and sometimes very large.
Then as to snakes. In Australia they are certainly " common
objects of the country" unless you happen to be looking for
one with a stick. Very beautiful creatures some of them are,
notably the Black Snake (Hoplocephalus superbus}, with its scales
of burnished jet glancing in the sun, and its pretty flattened
neck inflated to the breadth of a man's hand whilst it sits up to
look at you, the huge Diamond and Carpet snakes (varieties of
Python spilotis], harmless and easily domesticated, the striped and
agile Tiger-snake, by no means so harmless, the ubiquitous litile
170 THE NATURALIST IN AUSTRALIA.
Whip -snake, cropping up playfully in your wood-heap, amicably
on your verandahs, and irreverently in your pew at church.
And the frogs. After rain one's sleep is banished by
serenading choirs soprano frogs, alto frogs, tenor, bass, and
double-bass frogs, a bell frog, and a talking frog that goes
beyond them all. The most beautiful frog I ever saw was the
"green and gold" of Tasmania purest emerald green, with
vivid metallic-yellow gold markings.
Birds. One shrinks from tackling bird-lore in a general
paper. It is a subject that deserves far more adequate
treatment. Here are just a few interesting items. The Emus
represent one of the oldest types of bird life in Australia. Two
species survive out of four, which were common at the beginning
of the last century. The Tasmanian kind became extinct soon
after the military authorities took to feeding the garrison on it.
There will probably be no wild Emus after another generation ;
but it breeds in confinement, and is easily tamed. It is inter-
esting to watch a bun slowly gliding down a yard of Emu's neck.
The Brush Turkey (Catheturns Lathemi] has a habit of
incubating its eggs in a scientifically-constructed hot-bed made
of decaying leaves. Quails, several Plovers, and the Bronzewing
Pigeon are the chief quarry of sportsmen. A beautiful Crane
too often falls to the gun ; it is very nice to eat.
In Queensland there are fine Spoonbills and Pelicans, and Ibis
in great numbers. The blackfellows catch the Pelicans by
standing in the water up to the chin, with their heads concealed
by floating litter. When the birds swim around they are seized
by the legs. The Black Swans form enormous flocks at some
seasons of the year. I once saw a vast multitude flying north-
wards, and heard their voices overhead far into the night.
The Native Companion {Antigone Australas 
