:;ff&
m
THE REV. JOHN HUTCHINS, M.A.
(THE DORSET COUNTY HISTORIAN.)
OF THE
DORSET MTaR&It HISTORY
AND
FIELD
EDITED BY
HERBERT PENTIN.
VOLUME XXVII.
Dorchester :
PRINTED AT THE "DORSET COUNTY CHRONICLE" OFFICE.
1906
v
. ii 2 u Is/ 00
984724
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Rules of the Club . . . . . . . . . . v.
List of Officers, Honorary Members, and Members . . . . x .
List of New Members elected since the publication of Vol. XXVI. . . xxii.
Publications of the Club . . . . . . . . . . xxvi.
THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CLUB during the Session 1905-1906
First Winter Meeting .. .. .. .. xxvii.
Second Winter Meeting .. .. .. .. xxxi.
Annual General Meeting . . . . . . . . xxxv.
MEETING AT WOOL, BINDON ABBEY, AND LULWORTH CASTLE . . xxxix.
Wool Manor House and Barn .. .. .. .. ,,
Bindon Abbey . . . . . . . . . . xl.
Wool Church .. .. .. .. .. xliii.
Lulworth Castle .. ... .. .. .. ,,
Business Meeting . . . . . . . . . . xlvi.
MEETING AT WIMBORNE, BADBURY RINGS, AND KINGSTON LACY . . xlvii.
Wimborne Minster .. .. .. .. .. ,,
Badbury Rings . . . . . . . . . . 1.
Kingston Lacy . . . . . . . . . . Hi.
MEETING AT FROME AND LONGLEAT . . . . . . . . Ivii.
The Hon. Treasurer's Statement of Receipts and Expenditure . . Iviii.
The Hon. Secretary's Account . . . . . . . . lix.
Anniversary Address of the President . . . . . . Ix.
Cross-legged Effigies in Dorset, Part I., by Sidney Heath . . 1
Old Dorset Sougs, by Rev. Herbert Pentin, M.A., F.S.A. (Ed.) . . 24
The Rolls of the Court Baron of the Manor of Winterborne Waste,
alias Monkton, by Rev. W. Miles Barnes, B.A. . . . . 44
On Some New and Rare British Arachnida, by Rev. O. Pickard-
Cambridge, M.A.,F.R.S., &c. .. .. .. 72
The Church Bells of Dorset, Part IV., by the Rev. Canon Raven, D.D.,
F.S.A. (with Notes by the Rev. W. Miles Barnes, B.A.) . . 93
Returns of Rainfall, &c., in Dorset in 1905, by H. Stilwell . . 138
Worgret Hill and the Wareham Water Supply, by W. H. Hudleston,
M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S. .. .. .. .. 147
Ophiodes or Pseudophia Lunaris, by G. E. J. Crallan, M.B. . . 176
On a New Chimseroid Fin- spine from the Portland Stone, by A.
Smith Woodward, LL.D., F.R.S., of the British Museum . . 181
On a Pycnodont Fish of the Genus Mesodon from the Portland Stone,
by A. Smith Woodward, LL.D., F.R.S., of the British
Museum .. .. .. .. .. 183
The Ringed Plover (JEgiaUtis hiaticola), by W. Parkinson Curtis . . 188
Dorset Chantries, Part I., by E. A. Fry . . . . . . 214
The Ancient Memorial Brasses of Dorset, Part III., by W. de C.
Prideaux .. .. .. .. .. 234
Roman Pavements, by H. Colley March, M.D., F.S.A. .. .. 239
Report on First Appearances of Birds, Insects, &c., and the First
Flowering of Plants in Dorset during 1905, by Nelson M.
Richardson, B.A. .. .. .. .. 259
Some Recent and Forthcoming Books . . . . . . 271
Index to Vol. XXVII. . . . . . . . . . . 273
A General Index of the Papers, &c., published in Vol. I. Vol. XXVII.,
by Harry Pouncy . . . . . . . . 276
INDEX TO PLATES & ENGRAVINGS.
PAGE OE TO
FACE PAGE.
THE KEY. JOHN HTTTCHINS, M.A. (the Dorset County Historian).. Frontispiece.
THE EUINS or BIND ON ABBEY . . . . . . . . xl.
THE GEAVE-SLAB OF ABBOT RICHAED DE MANEES, OF BINDON.. xlii.
DOOE AT LULWOETH CASTLE, FOEMEELY AT BlNDON ABBEY ; THE
GEAVE-SLAB OF ABBOT RICHAED DE MANEES, OF BINDON ;
CEESSET- STONE IN WOOL CHITECH . . . . xliii.
THE ETHELEED BEASS IN WIMBOENE MINSTEE . . . . 1.
BADBUEY RINGS . . . . . . . . . . li-
CEOSS- LEGGED EFFIGIES IN DOESET
Effigy at Bridport (right side and left side)
Effigy on S. side of Chancel, Lady S. Mary Church, Wareham.
Effigy on N. side of Chancel, Lady S. Mary Church., "Wareham 14
Effigy in S. Peter's Church, Dorchester . . . . 16
Shrine at Mappowder . . . . . . . . 21
NEW AND RAEE BEITISH ARACHNIDA, 1 Plate with Explanation . . 72
THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET
Dumb Bell Gallery, Knowle House ; Dumb Bell . . 103
WOEGBET HlLL AND THE WABEHAM WATEE SUPPLY
Fig. 1 .Plan of Worgret Hill contoured . . . . 148
2. Section Along the Line A-B of the Plan (Fig. 1) . . 152
,, 3. Eastern Face of the Excavation in the Plateau-
Gravel for the Reservoir at Worgret, Jan., 1905 160
,, 4. Tabular Column of Worgret Well and Borehole
attached to the Report . . . . . . 162
5. Worgret Hill (South-west Slope) .. .. 169
CHIMJEROID FIN-SPINE, with Explanation . . . . . . 181
MESODON BAENESI, with Explanation . . . . . . 183
Mesodon macropterus . . . . . . . . 186
THE RINGED PLOVEE (^Eyialitis hiaticola)
Plate I. Kingdom Animalia .. .. .. 188
,, II. -Order XII.- Charadriiformes .. .. 190
,, III. Family Charadriidge .. .. .. 192
,, IV. (.) Wings of ^Egialitis hiaticola ; (#.) Wings
of Vanellus cristatm . . . . . . 193
,, V. Sub-Family Charadriinae .. .. 194
,, VI. JEgialitis hiaticola (Summer) .. .. 200
,, VII. JEgialitis hiaticola (Immature) .. .. 201
VIII. Nest of Shingle, Patchin's Point, Poole Harbour 202
,, IX. Nest on a Pitbank, Doulton's Clay Works,
Poole Harbour .. .. .. 203
X. Nest on a Cliff Ledge, Round Island, Poole
Harbour .. .. .. .. 204
,, XL Nest and Eggs on Shingle, Green Island. Poole
Harbour . . . . . . . . 205
,, XII. Nest and Eggs amongst Shingle and Seaweed,
Furze Island, Poole Harbour . . . . 206
,, XIII. Nest and Eggs with Cockle -Shells, Patchin's
Point, Poole Harbour . . . . 207
,, XIV. Nest and Eggs with Heather Stems, Round
Island, Poole Harbour . . . . 208
,, XV.- Eggs of ^Egialitis hiaticola .. .. 209
MEMORIAL BEASSES John Horsey, and Elizabeth, his Wife . . 236
ROMAN PAVEMENTS Masculine or Solar Symbol of Fecundity ;
Maternal or Terrestrial Symbol of Fecundity ; Feminine
Symbol of Fecundity . . . . . . . . 250
V.
RULES
OF
THE DORSET NflTORAL HISTORY AND flNTIQUflRIflN
FIELD CLUB.
OBJECT AND CONSTITUTION.
1. The Club shall be called The Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian
Field Club, and shall have for a short title The Dorset Field Club.
The object of the Club is to promote and encourage an interest in the study of
the Physical Sciences and Archaeology generally, especially the Natural History of
the County of Dorset and its Antiquities, Prehistoric records, and Ethnology. It
shall use its influence to prevent, as far as possible, the extirpation of rare plants
and animals, and to promote the preservation of the Antiquities of the County.
2. The Club shall consist of (i.) three Officers, President, Honorary Secretary,
and Honorary Treasurer, who shall be elected annually, and shall form the
Executive body for its management ; (ii.) Vice -Presidents, of whom the
Honorary Secretary and Treasurer shall be two, ex officio ; (iii.) The Honorary
Editor of the Annual Volume of Proceedings ; (iv.) Ordinary Members ; (v.)
Honorary Members. The President, Vice -Presidents, and Editor shall form a
Council to decide questions referred to them by the Executive and to elect
Honorary Members. The Editor shall be nominated by one of the incoming
Executive and elected at the Annual Meeting.
There may also be one or more Honorary Assistant Secretaries, who shall be
nominated by the Honorary Secretary, seconded by the President or Treasurer,
and elected by the Members at the Annual Meeting.
Members may be appointed by the remaining Officers to fill interim vacancies
in the Executive Body until the following Annual Meeting.
The number of the Club shall be limited to 400, power being reserved to the
Council to select from the list of candidates persons, whose membership they may
consider to be advantageous to the interests of the Club, to be additional
Members.
PRESIDENT AND VICE -PRESIDENTS.
3. The President shall take the chair at all Meetings, and have an original and
a casting vote on all questions before the Meeting. In addition to the two ex
officio Vice -Presidents, at least three others shall be nominated by the President,
or, in his absence, by the Chairman, and elected at the Annual Meeting.
HON. SECRETARY.
4. The Secretary shall perform all the usual secretarial work ; cause a
programme of each Meeting to be sent to every Member seven days at least
before such Meeting ; make all preparations for carrying out meetings and, with
or without the help of a paid Assistant Secretary or others, conduct all Field
Meetings. On any question arising between the Secretary (or Acting Secretary)
and a Member at a Field Meeting, the decision of the Secretary shall be final.
The Secretary shall receive from each Member his or her share of the day's
expenses, and thereout defray all incidental costs and charges of the Meeting,
rendering an account of the same before the Annual Meeting to the Treasurer ;
any surplus of such collection shall form part of the General Fund, and any
deficit be defrayed out of that Fund.
HON. TREASURER.
5. The Treasurer shall keep an account of Subscriptions and all other moneys
of the Club received and of all Disbursements, rendering at the Annual General
Meeting a balance sheet of the same, as well as a general statement of the Club's
finances. He shall send copies of the Annual Volume of Proceedings for each
year to Ordinary Members who have paid their subscriptions for that year (as
nearly as may be possible, in the order of such payment), to Honorary Members,
and to such Societies and individuals as the Club may, from time to time, appoint
to receive them. He shall also furnish a list at each Annual Meeting, containing
the names of all Members in arrear, with the amount of their indebtedness to the
Club. He shall also give notice of their election to all New Members.
ORDINARY MEMBERS.
6. Ordinary Members are entitled to be present and take part in the Club's
proceedings at all Meetings, and to receive the published "Proceedings " of the
Club, when issued, for the year for which their subscription has been paid.
7. Every candidate for admission shall be nominated in writing by one
Member and seconded by another, to one of whom at least he must be personally
known. He may be proposed at any Meeting, and shall receive programmes of
Meetings and exercise all the functions of a Member, except voting and bringing
friends to Meetings. His name shall appear in the programme of the first
following Meeting at which a Ballot is held, when he shall be elected by ballot,
one black ball in six to exclude. Twelve Members shall form a quorum for the
purpose of election. A Ballot shall be held at the Annual and Winter Meetings,
and may be held at any other Meeting, should the Executive so decide, notice
being given in the programme.
8. The Annual Subscription shall be 10s., which shall become due and
payable in advance on the 1st of January in each year. Subscriptions paid on
Vll.
election after September in each year shall be considered as subscriptions for the
following year, unless otherwise agreed upon by such Member and the Treasurer.
Every Member shall pay immediately after his election the sum of ten shillings as
Entrance Fee, in addition to his first Annual Subscription.
9. No person elected a Member shall be entitled to exercise any privilege as
such until he has paid his Entrance Fee and first Subscription, and no Member
shall be entitled to receive a copy of the " Proceedings" for any year until his
Subscription for that year has been paid.
10. A registered letter shall be sent by the Hon. Treasurer to any Member
whose Subscription is in arrear at the date of any Annual Meeting, demanding
payment within 28 days, failing which he shall cease to be a Member of the Club,
but shall, nevertheless, be liable for the arrears then due.
11. Members desiring to leave the Club shall give notice of the same in
writing to the Treasurer (or Secretary), but, unless such notice is given before the
end of January in any year, they shall be liable to pay the Annual Subscription
due to the Club on and after January 1st in that year.
HONOEAEY MEMBERS.
12. Honorary Members shall consist of persons eminent for scientific or
natural history attainments, and shall be elected by the Council. They pay no
subscription, and have all the privileges of Ordinary Members, except voting.
MEETINGS.
13. The Annual General Meeting shall be held as near the first week in May
as may be convenient ; to receive the outgoing President's Address (if any) and
the Treasurer's financial report ; to elect the Officers and Editor for the ensuing
year ; to determine the number (which shall usually be three or four), dates, and
places of Field Meetings during the ensuing summer, and for general purposes.
14. Two Winter Meetings shall usually be held in or about the months of
December and February for the exhibition of Objects of Interest (to which not
more than one hour of the time before the reading of the Papers shall be
devoted), for the reading and discussion of Papers, and for general purposes.
The Dates and Places of the Winter and Annual Meetings shall be decided by
the Executive.
15. A Member may bring Friends to the Meetings subject to the following
restrictions : No person (except the husband, wife, or child of a Member), may
attend the Meeting unaccompanied by the Member introducing him, unless such
Member be prevented from attending by illness, and no Member may take with
him to a Field Meeting more than one Friend, whose name and address must be
submitted to the Hon. Secretary and approved by him or the Executive.
The above restrictions do not apply to the Executive or to the Acting Secretary
at the Meeting.
Vlll.
16.- Members must give due notice (with prepayment of expenses) to the Hon.
Secretary of their intention to be present, with or without a Friend, at any
Field Meeting, in return for which the Secretary shall send to the Member a card
of admission to the Meeting, to be produced when required. Any Member who,
having given such notice, fails to attend will be liable only for any expenses
actually incurred on his account, and any balance will be returned to him on
application. The sum of Is., or such other amount as the Hon. Secretary may
consider necessary, shall be charged to each person attending a Field Meeting, for
Incidental Expenses.
17. The Executive may at any time call a Special General Meeting of the
Members upon a written requisition (signed by Eight Members) being sent to the
Honorary Secretary. Any proposition to be submitted shall be stated in the
Notice, which shall be sent to each Member of the Club not later than seven days
before the Meeting.
PAPEES.
18. Notice shall be given to the Secretary, a convenient time before each
Meeting, of any motion to be made or any Paper or communication desired to be
read, with its title and a short sketch of its scope or contents. The insertion of
these in the Programme is subject to the consent of the Officers of the Club, or
any two of them.
19. The Publications of the Club shall be in the hands of the Executive, who
shall appoint annually Three or more Ordinary Members to form with them and
the Editor a Publication Committee for the purpose of deciding upon the contents
of the Annual Volume. These contents shall consist of original papers and
communications written for the Club, and either read, or accepted as read, at a
General Meeting ; also of the Secretary's Reports of Meetings, the Treasurer's
Financial Statement and Balance Sheet, a list to date of all Members of the Club,
and of those elected in the current or previous year, with the names of their
proposers and seconders. The Annual Volume shall be edited by the Editor
subject to the direction of the Publication Committee.
20. Twenty -five copies of his paper shall be presented to each author whose
communication shall appear in the volume as a separate article, on notice being
given by him to the Publisher to that effect.
THE AFFILIATION OF SOCIETIES AND LIBEAEIES TO THE CLUB.
21. Any Natural History or Antiquarian Society in the County may be
affiliated to the Dorset Field Club on payment of an annual fee of Ten Shillings,
in return for which the annual volume of the Proceedings of the Field Club shall
be sent to such Society.
Every affiliated Society shall send the programme of its Meetings to the Hon.
Sec. of the Field Club, and shall also report any discoveries of exceptional
IX.
interest. And the Field Club shall send its programme to the Hon. Sec. of each
affiliated Society.
The Members of the Field Club shall not be eligible, ipso facto, to attend any
Meetings of affiliated Societies, and the Members of any affiliated Society shall
not be eligible, ipso facto, to attend any Meetings of the Field Club. But any
Member of an affiliated Society shall be eligible to read a paper or make an
exhibit at the Winter Meetings of the Field Club at Dorchester.
Any Public Library, or Club or School or College Library, in England or
elsewhere, may be affiliated to the Dorset Field Club on payment of an annual
fee of Ten Shillings, in return for which the annual volume of the Proceedings of
the Field Club shall be sent to such Library.
NEW EULES.
22. No alteration in or addition to these Eules shall be made except with the
consent of a majority of three -fourths of the Members present at the Annual
General Meeting, full notice of the proposed alteration or addition having been
given both in the current Programme and in that of the previous Meeting.
X.
The Dorset natural History and Antiquarian field Club.
INAUGURATED MARCH 26th, 1875.
President :
NELSON M. EICHAEDSON, ESQ., B.A.
Vice-Presidents :
THE LORD EUSTACE CECIL, F.E.G.S.
EEV. HEEBEET PENTIN, M.A., F.S.A. Ed. (Hon.. Secretary and
Editor}.
CAPTAIN G. E. EL WES, J.P. (Hon. Treasurer).
EEV. W. MILES BARNES, B.A.
W. H. HUDLESTON, ESQ., M.A., F.E.S., F.L.S., F.G.S.
EEV. J. C. M. M ANSEL -PLE YD ELL, M.A.
H. COLLET MAECH, Esa., M.D., F.S.A.
EEV. O. PICKAED-CAMBEIDGE, M.A., F.E.S., F.Z.S.
E. BOSWOETH SMITH, ESQ., M.A.
HON. MOETON G. STUAET-GEAY, M.A., F.S.A. Ed., F.G.S.
Hon. Editor :
Eev. HERBERT PENTIN, M.A., F.S.A. Ed., Milton Abbey Vicarage, Blandford.
Executive Body :
NELSON M. EICHARDSON, Esq., B.A. (President).
Eev. HERBERT PENTIN, M.A., F.S.A. Ed. (Hon. Secretary and Editor),
Milton Abbey Vicarage, Blandford.
Captain G. E. EWES, J.P. (Hon. Treasurer), Bossington, Bournemouth.
Publication Committee :
The EXECUTIVE, H. B. MLDDLETON, Esq., Dr. COLLEY MARCH,
and E. E. SYKES, Esq.
Honorary Members :
W. CARRUTHERS, Esq., F.E.S., F.G.S., F.L.S., British Museum (Nat. Hist.),
South Kensington.
Eev. OSMOND FISHER, M.A., F.G.S., Graveley, Huntingdon.
A. J. JUKES -BROWNE, Esq., F.G.S., Floriston, Cleveland Eoad, Torquay.
E. LYDEKKER, Esq., F.E.S., The Lodge, Harpenden, Herts.
ALFRED NEWTON, Esq., M.A., F.E.S., Professor of Zoology and Comparative
Anatomy, Magdalen College, Cambridge.
CLEMENT EEID, Esq., F.E.S., '28, Jermyn Street, London, S.W.
A. SMITH WOODWARD, Esq., LL.D., F.E.S., F.G.S., British Museum (Nat. Hist.),
South Kensington, London.
Mr. A. M. WALLIS, 29, Mallams, Portland.
Sir WM. THISELTON DYER, K.C.M.G., C.I.E., F.E.S., The Ferns, Witcombe,
Gloucester.
Sir FREDERICK TREVES, Bart., G.C.V.O., C.B., LL.D., 6, Wimpole Street,
Cavendish Square, London, W.
XI.
LIST OF MEMBERS
OF THE
"glafuraC $>isfort> & Jlnf iqxtaricm
Year of
Election. (The initials "O.M." signify " Original Member." )
1903 The Most Hon. the Marquis of
Salisbury
1903 The Most Hon. the Marchioness
The Manor House, Craiiborne
The Manor House, Cranborne
of Salisbury
1902 The Bight Hon. the Earl of
Shaftesbury St. Giles, Wimborne
1884 The Bight Hon. Lord Eustace
Cecil, F.B.G.S. ( Vice -President] Lytchett Heath, Poole
1903 The Bight Hon. the Lady Eustace
Cecil Lytchett Heath, Poole
1904 The Bight Beverend the Lord
Bishop of Durham, D.D. Auckland Castle, Bishop's Auckland
1890 The Bight Beverend the Lord
Bishop of Salisbury, D.D. The Palace, Salisbury
1892 The Bight Beverend the Lord
Bishop of Worcester, D.D. Hartlebury Castle, Kidderminster
1889 The Bight Hon. Lord Digby Minterne, Dorchester
1895 The Bight Hon. Lord Walsing-
ham, F.B.S. Merton Hall, Thetford, Norfolk
1903 The Bight Hon. Lord Chelmsford Governor's House, Brisbane, Queens-
land, Australia
1893 Acland, Captain John E.
1892 Acton, Bev. Edward, B.A.
1905 Aldis, T. S., Esq., M.A.
1899 Aldridge, Mrs. Selina
1892 Allhusen, Wilton, Esq.
1906 Atkins, F. T., Esq., M.B.C.S.,
L.B.C.P. Ed.
1906 Baker, Miss
1902 Baker, Sir E. Bandolf, Bart.
1887 Bankes, W. Albert, Esq.
1884 Bankes, Eustace Balph, Esq.
1887 Bankes, Bev. Canon, M.A.
Wollaston House, Dorchester
Iwerne Minster Vicarage, Blandford
Bowhayes, Bothenhampton, Bridport
Shirley, Dorchester Boad, Weymouth
Pinhay, Lyme Begis
Cathay, Alumhurst Boad, Bourne-
mouth
Banston, Blandford
Banston, Blandford
Wolfeton House, Dorchester
Norden House, Corfe Castle, Wareham
The Close, Salisbury
Xll.
1906 Bankes, Mrs.
1902 Barkworth, Edmund, Esq.
1904 Barlow, Major C. M.
1894 Barnes, Mrs. John lies
1889 Barnes, Eev. W. M., B.A., B.D.
( Vice -President}
1903 Barnes, F. J., Esq.
1903 Barnes, Mrs. F. J.
1884 Barrett, W. Bowles, Esq.
1905 Barrow, Eichard, Esq.
1895 Bartelot, Rev. E. Grosvenor, M.A.
1886 Baskett, Eev. C. E.
1893 Baskett, S. E., Esq.
1904 Baskett, Mrs. S. E.
1889 Batten, H. B., Esq.
1888 Beckford, F. J., Esq.
O.M. Bond, N., Esq.
1903 Bond, Gerald Denis, Esq.
1906 Bond, Nigel de M., Esq., B. A.
1898 Bond, Wm. H., Esq.
1903 Bond, Wm. Ealph G., Esq.
1894 Bonsor, Geo., Esq.
1906 Bovey, T. W. W., Esq., L.E.C.P.,
M.E.C.S.
1889 Bower, H. Syndercombe, Esq.
1900 Bower, Eev. Charles H. S., M.A.
1903 Bramble, Lieut. -Colonel James
Eoger, F.S.A.
1898 Brandreth, Eev. F. W., M.A.
1901 Brennand, John, Esq.
1906 Brennand, W. A. B., Esq.
1885 Brennand, W. E., Esq.
1905 Bromley, Miss
1898 Brown, J., Esq.
1900 Brown, Miss
1891 Browning, Benjamin, Esq., M.D.,
Staff -Surgeon E.N., Fellow of
the Sanitary Institute of Great
Britain
1895 Brymer, Eev. J. G., M.A.
1900 Bullen, Colonel John Bullen
Symes
Kingston Lacy, Wimborne
South House, Piddle trenthide
Southcot, Charminster
Summerhayes, Blandford
Monkton Eectory, Dorchester
Eodwell, Weymouth
Eodwell, Weymouth
2, Belfield Terrace, Weymouth
Sorrento House, Sandecotes, Parkstone
Fordington St. George Vicarage,
Dorchester
Bristwith Vicarage, Eipley, Leeds
Evershot
Evershot
Aldon, Yeovil
Witley, Parkstone
Holme, W'areham
Holme, Wareham
156, Ashley Gardens, London, S.W.
Tyneham, Wareham
Tyneham, Waredam
The Gables, Spetisbury
The Vicarage, Abbotsbury
Fontmell Parva, Shillingstone, Bland -
ford
Hinton St. Mary, Sturminster Newton,
Dorset
Seafield, Weston-super-Mare
Buckland Newton, Dorchester
Belmont, Parkstone
Sturminster Newton
Blandford
Stinsford Vicarage, Dorchester
Maiden Newton
Belle Vue, Shaftesbury
Bec-en-Hent, Yetminster, Sherborne
Childe Okeford Eectory, Blandford
Catherston Leweston, near Charmouth
Xlll.
1894 Burt, Miss Emma
1897 Busk, W., Esq., A.R.C.A.
1905 Busk, W., Esq.
1905 Busk, Mrs. W.
1901 Bussell, Miss Katherine
1906 Butler, Eev. Pierce Armar
1903 Butler-Bowden, Bruno, Esq.
1903 Butler-Bowden, Mrs. Bruno
1906 Butt, Rev. W., M.A.
1903 Buttery, Miss E. M. E.
1891 Carter, William, Esq.
1893 Chadwick, Mrs.
1905 Chadwyck-Healey, the Worship-
ful Chancellor C. E. H., M.A.,
K.C.. C.B., F.S.A.
1903 Champ, A., Esq.
1883 Chudleigh, Rev. R. Augustine,
M.A.
1897 Chudleigh, Mrs.
1901 Chudleigh, Miss W. M.
1894 Church, Colonel Arthur
1904 Clapcott, Miss
1892 Clarence, LoveU Burchett, Esq.
1895 Clarke, R. Stanley, Esq.
1883 Colfox, Miss A. L.
1878 Colfox, T. A., Esq.
O.M. Colfox, W., Esq., B.A.
1905 Collins, Stephen, Esq., M.P.
1905 Colville, H. K., Esq.
1904 Coney, Major Wm. Bicknell
1902 Cornish, Rev. W. F., M.A.
1903 Cornish -Browne, C. J., Esq.
1891 Cother, Rev. P. L., M.A.
1900 Cox, Henry, Esq., F.S.A.,
F.R.G.S., M.J.S.
1906 Cox, Miss
1901 Crallan, G. E. J., Esq., M.B.
1905 Cree, Cecil, Esq.
1886 Crespi, A. J. H., Esq., B.A.,
M.R.C.P.
1879 Crickmay, G. R., Esq., F.R.I.B.A.
1884 Cross, Rev. James, M.A.
Purbeck House, Swanage
West Walks, Dorchester
Wraxall Manor, Cattistock, Dorchester
Wraxall Manor, Cattistock, Dorchester
Thorneloe, Bridport
East Stoke Rectory, Wareham
Upwey House, Upwey
Upwey House, Upwey
Kempsford Vicarage, Fairford,
Gloucester
Lodmoor House, Weymouth
The Hermitage, Parkstone
Chetnole, Sherborne
110, Harley Street, London, W.
St. Katherine's, Bridport
West Parley Rectory, Wimborne
West Parley Rectory, Wimborne
West Parley Rectory, Wimborne
St. Alban's, Rodwell, Weymouth
South Walks, Dorchester
Coaxden, Axminster
Rotherhill, Stedham, Midhurst, Sussex
Westmead, Bridport
Coneygar, Bridport
Westmead, Bridport
Harborne, St. Ann's Hill, Wands-
worth, S.W.
Uploders House, Bridport
Martinstown, Dorchester
Steepleton Rectory, Dorchester
Came House, Dorchester
1, Clearmount, Weymouth
Radipole Manor, near Weymouth
4, Chesterfield Place, Weymouth
Bodorgan Manor, Bournemouth
Owermoigne Court, Dorchester
Wimborne
Weymouth
Baillie House, Sturminster Marshall,
Wimborne
XIV.
1590 Cull, James, Esq.
1885 Curme, Decimus, Esq., M.E.C.S.
1898 Curtis, C. H., Esq.
1897 Curtis, Wilfred Parkinson, Esq.
1903 Dacombe, J. M. J., Esq.
1905 Danneman, Eev. A. F. J.,
M.A.
O.M. Darell, D., Esq., F.G.S., F.L.S.,
F.Z.S.
1904 Davies, Eev. Canon S. E., M.A.
1894 Davis, Geo., Esq.
1904 Deane, Mrs. A. M.
1904 Dicker, Eev. C. W. H., F.E.G.S.
1903 Digby, Captain H. Montague
1906 Dixon, J. E. L., Esq., M.E.C.S.,
L.E.C.P. Ed.
1906 Dodd, Frank Wm., Esq.,
M.I.C.E.
1900 Du Boulay, Mrs.
1905 Duke, Henry, Esq.
1905 Duke, Mrs. Henry
1896 Dundas, Yen. Archdeacon, M.A.
1904 Dugdale, J. B., Esq.
1891 Eaton, Henry S., Esq.
1897 Edwards, Miss Sarah Powell
1885 Elwes, Captain G. E. (rice-
President and Hon. Treasurer)
1905 Evans, Miss Isabel Warwick
1905 Evans, Miss Annie Elizabeth
1886 Falkner, C.G., Esq., M.A.
1884 Farley, Eev. H., M.A.
1903 Farrer, Colonel Philip
1905 Feacey, Jem, Esq.
1900 Ferguson, Colonel C. J. O'Neill
1904 Ffooks, Mrs. E. Archdall
1904 Fielding, Thos., Esq., M.D.
1903 Figgis, Eev. J. N., M.A.
1892 Filleul, Eev. S. E. V., M.A.
1889 Filliter, George Clavell, Esq.
1898 Filliter, Eev. W. D., M.A.
1901 Fisher, Mrs. J. F.
47, Phillimore Gardens, Campden Hill,
London, W.
Childe Okeford, Blandford
Blandford
Aysgarth, Parkstone Eoad, Poole
27, Holdenhurst Eoad, Bournemouth
Broadway
Ford Hill, Townstal, Dartmouth,
Devon
Wyke Eegis Eectory, Weymouth
Prince of Wales' Eoad, Dorchester
Clay Hill House, near Gillingham
Piddletrenthide Vicarage, Dorchester
Chalmiiigton House, Cattistock, Dor-
chester
2, Wootton Gardens, Bournemouth
1, Eichmond Villas, Weymouth
2, Eoyal Terrace. Weymouth
Clandon, Dorchester
Clandon, Dorchester
Charminster Vicarage, Dorchester
Sandford, Wareham
Pentlands, Mill Eoad, Worthing,
Sussex
11, Greenhill, Weymouth
Bossington, Bournemouth
Clandon, Dorchester
Clandon, Dorchester
Ireton Bank, Eusholme, Manchester
Lytchett Minster, Poole
Binnegar Hall, Wareham
Dorchester
The Dinedors, Spa Eoad, Weymouth
Sherborne
Milton Abbas, Blandford
Marnhull Eectory, Blandford
All Saints' Eectory, Dorchester
St. Martin's House, Wareham
East Lulworth Vicarage, Wareham
Vines Close, Wimborne
XV.
1906 Fisher, Harry, Esq.
1890 Fletcher, W. H. B., Esq.
o.M. Fletcher, W. J., Esq., F.R.I.B.A.
1906 Fletcher. Mrs. W. J.
1885 Floyer, G. W., Esq., B.A.
1895 Forbes, Mrs.
1897 Forde, Henry, Esq.
1893 Forrester, Hugh Carl, Esq., B.A.
1893 Forrester, Mrs.
1905 Forrester, Miss S. Blanche J.
1878 Freame, R., Esq.
1895 Fry, Edward Alexander, Esq.
1903 Fry, George S., Esq.
1898 Fullaway, Mrs.
O.M. Fyler, Captain J. W. T.
O.M. Galpin, G., Esq.
1896 George, C. E. A., Esq.
1896 George, Mrs.
1906 Girdlestone, Mrs.
1890 Glyn, Captain Carr Stuart
1898 Glyn, Lieut. -General J. P. Carr
O.M. Glyn, Sir R. G., Bart.
1895 Godman, F. du Cane, Esq., F.R.S.
1903 Gordon, George H., Esq.
1883 Gorringe, Rev. P. R., M.A.
1903 Gorringe, Mrs. P. R.
1888 Greves, Hyla, Esq., M.D.
1888 Griffin, F.C.G., Esq., M.A.,M.B.
1904 Groves, Herbert J., Esq.
1906 Groves, Miss
1906 Gundry, Joseph, Esq.
1896 Haggard, Rev. H. A., M.A.
1906 Hall, Miss Maude
1903 Hambro, Everard A., Esq.
1905 Hambro, C. Eric, Esq., M.P.
1893 Hankey, Rev. Canon, M.A., R.D.
1886 Hansford, Charles, Esq.
1901 Hardwick, Stewart, Esq.
1890 Harrison, Rev. F. T., M.A.
The Rosery, Florence Road, Boscombe,
Bournemouth
Aldwick Manor, Bognor, Sussex
The Chantry, Wimborne
The Chantry, Wimborne
West Stafford, Dorchester
Shillingstone, Blandford
Luscombe, Parkstone
St. John's Cottage, Shaftesbury
Bryanston, Blandford
Bryanston, Blandford
The Chantry, Gillingham
124, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.
11, The Hawthorns, Church End,
Finchley
Childe Okeford, Blandford
Hethfelton, Wareham
Clarendon Court, Clarendon, Road,
Bournemouth
Fleet House, near Weymouth
Fleet House, near Weymouth
The Corner House, Alum Hurst Road,
West Bournemouth
Wood Leaze, Wimborne
North Leigh, Wimborne
Gaunts Huse, Wimborne
12, Royal Terraae, Weymouth
North Cheriton, Templecombe, Somer-
set
Manston Rectory, Blandford
Manston Rectory, Blandford
Rodney House, Bournemouth
12, Royal Terrace, Weymouth
Clifton, Weymouth
Thickthorne, Broadway, Dorset
Wales House, Prince of Wales Road,
Dorchester
Molash Vicarage, Canterbury
King's Stagg, Sturminster Newton
Milton Abbey, Dorset
70, Prince's Gate, London, S.W.
Maiden Newton Rectory, Dorchester
Dorchester
21, Commercial Road, Bournemouth
Burton Bradstock Rectory, Bridport
XVI.
1897 Harston, Comdr. F. A. (late E. N.)
1896 Hart-Dyke, Eev. Canon P., M.A.
1900 Hasluck, Eev. Ernest, M.A.
1898 Hassell, Miss
1894 Hawkins, W., Esq., M.E.C.S.
1903 Hawkins, Mrs. H.
1903 Hawkins, Miss Isabel
1893 Hayne, E., Esq.
1889 Head, J. Merrick, Esq., M.E.I.A.,
F.E.G.S., F.P.S.
1905 Heath, F. E., Esq.
1905 Heath, Sidney H. S., Esq.
1906 Heaton, Guy, Esq., M.A.
1899 Henning, Mrs.
1906 Higginbotham, J. C., Esq. (' ' Orme
Agnus ")
1901 Hill, E. E., Esq.
1902 Hine, E., Esq.
1885 Hogg, B. A., Esq.
1902 Homer, Miss E. C. Wood
1897 Hudleston, W. H., Esq., M.A.,
F.E.S., F.L.S., F.G.S. (Vice-
President)
1906 Humphreys, Mrs. C. B.
1888 Huntley, H. E., Esq.
1906 Jameson, Mrs.
1903 Jenkins, Eev. T. Leonard, M.A.
1893 Kerr, E. W., Esq., M.D.
1895 Lafontaine, A. C. de, Esq., F.S.A.
1902 Langdon, Miss M.
1901 Langford, Eev. Canon, M.A.
1883 Leach, J. Comyns, Esq., M.D.
1901 Lee, W. H. Markham, Esq.,
I.S.M.
1900 Legge, Miss Jane
1899 Le Jeune, H., Esq.
1900 Leslie, Eev. E. C., M.A.
1902 Lewis, Eev. A., M.A.
1894 Linklater, Eev. Eobert, D.D.
1890 Lister, Arthur, Esq., F.E.S.,
F.L.S.
1890 Lister, Miss Gulielma
Newlands, Glendinning Avenue, Wey-
mouth
Lullingstone, Wimborne
Handley Vicarage, Salisbury
Westfield Lodge, Parkstone
Broadway, Dorchester
Eew House, Martinstown, Dorchester
Wyke, Sherborne
Fordington House, Dorchester
Pennsylvania Castle, Portland
The Woodlands, Weymouth
The Woodlands, Weymouth
St. David's, Bournemouth West
Frome, Dorchester
Northport House, Wareham
Long Lynch, Childe Okeford
Beamiiister
Dorchester
Bardolf Manor, Puddletown
West Holme, Wareham
Eagle House, Blandford
Chaiiton House, Blandford
Kenmare, Prince of Wales Eoad,
Dorchester
Leigh Vicarage, Sherborne
South Street, Dorchester
Athelhampton, Dorchester
Parrock's Lodge, Chard
Belle Vue, Higher Hooe, Plymouth
The Lindens, Sturminster Newton,
Blandford
Wyke Eegis, Weymouth
Allington Villa, Bridport
St. Ives, Upper Parkstone, Dorset
Came Eectory, Dorchester
Littlebredy, Dorchester
Stroud Green Vicarage, London, N.
High Cliffe, Lyme Eegis
High Cliffe, Lyme Eegis
XVII.
1902 Littledale, T. A. R., Esq.
1905 Llewellin, W., Esq., M.A.
1905 Llewellin, Mrs.
1900 Lock, Mrs. A. H.
1892 Lock, B. P., Esq.
1893 Lock, Miss Mary C.
1905 Lush, Mrs. W. Vawdrey
1901 Lys, F. D., Esq., M.E.C.S.,
L.E.C.P.
1838 Macdonald, P. W., Esq., M.D.
1902 Mainwaring, Lieut. -Col. F.G.L.
1890 Manger, A. T., Esq.
1894 Mansel-Pleydell, Mrs.
1899 Mansel-Pleydell, Eev. J. C. M.,
M.A., R.D. (Vice- President}
1898 March, H. Colley, Esq., M.D.,
F.S.A., M.K.S.A.I., F.A.I.
( Vice -President}
1883 Marriott, Sir W. Smith, Bart.
1904 Marsh, J. L., Esq.
1897 Martin, Miss Eileen
1885 Mate, William, Esq., F.R. Hist.
Soc.
1901 Maude, W., Esq., B.C.L.
1S79 Maunsell, Rev. F. W., M.A.
O.M. Mayo, Rev. Canon, M.A., R.D.
1902 Mayo, Miss B.
O.M. Middleton, H. B., Esq.
1900 Middleton, Miss L. M.
1890 Milne, Rev. Percy H., M.A.
O.M. Moorhead, J., Esq., M.A., M.D.
1905 Morgan, Mrs.
1898 Morrice, G. G., Esq., M.A.,
M.D.
1897 Moullin, Arthur D., Esq.
1905 Nicholson, Captain Hugh
1906 Oke, A. W., Esq.
1886 Okeden, Colonel U. E. Parry
1906 Okeden, Edmund Parry, Esq.
1904 Oliver, Weston, Esq., M.A.
1905 Page, Thomas, Esq.
1905 Page, Mrs. T.
Weltendale, Ross, Herefordshire
Upton House, Poole
Upton House, Poole
53, High West Street, Dorchester
11, New Square, Lincoln's Inn, London
53, High West Street, Dorchester
Arnmore, Upper Lansdowne Road,
Bournemouth
Highclere, Rodwell, Weymouth
Herrison, Dorchester
Wabey House, Upwey
Stock Hill, Gillingham
Longthorns, Blandford
Sturminster Newton Vicarage, Bland -
ford
Portesham, Dorchester
The Down House, Blandford
White Cliff Mill Street, Blandford
4, Greenhill, Weymouth
Homehurst, Westbourne, Bourne-
mouth
Brackenwood, Bournemouth
Symondsbury Rectory, Bridport
Long Burton Vicarage, Sherborne
Friar Waddon, Dorchester
Bradford Peverell, Dorchester
Lulworth, Wareham
Evershot Rectory, Dorchester
Bournemouth
Haselbury Bryan Rectory, Blandford
17, Royal Terrace, Weymouth
Fermain, Cranbourne Road, Swanage
Nettlecombe, Melplash, R.S.O.
32, Denmark Villas, Hove, Sussex
Turnworth, Blandford
Moreton
Castle House, Weymouth
Trevissome, Parkstone Road, Poole
Trevissome, Parkstone Road, Poole
XV111.
1905 Paget, Miss Adelaide
1904 Palmes, Captain Gerald
1905 Parkinson, Miss M. B.
1890 Patey, Miss
1894 Payne, Miss Florence O.
1897 Pearson, W. E., Esq.
1901 Peck, Gerald E.," Esq.
1878 Penny, Rev. J., M.A.
1894 Penny-Snook, S., Esq., M.R.C.S.,
L.R.C.P.
1901 Pentin, Rev. Herbert M.A.,
F.S.A. Ed. (Vice - President,
Hon. Secretary, and Editor}
1893 Perkins, Rev. T., M.A., F.R.A.S.
1894 Peto, Sir Henry, Bart.
1896 Phillips, Miss
1889 Philpot, J. E. D., Esq.
1893 Pickard-Cambridge, A. W., Esq.
M.A.
O.M. Pickard - Cambridge, Rev. O.,
M.A., F.R.S. (Vice-President}
1886 Pike, T. M., Esq.
1903 Pike, Leonard G., Esq.
1904 Pinney, Geo. F., Esq.
1903 Pitt-Rivers, A. L. Fox, Esq.,
F.S.A.
1905 Pitt-Rivers, Mrs. A. L. Fox
1904 Plowman, Rev. L. S.
1896 Pond, S., Esq.
1894 Ponting, Chas. E., Esq., F.S.A.
O.M. Pope, Alfred, Esq.
1906 Pope, Alfred Rolph, Esq.
1906 Pope, Mrs. Alfred Rolph
1902 Pope, Miss Violet
1905 Pope, Miss Hilda
1900 Pope, George, Esq.
1896 Prideaux, C. S., Esq., L.D.S.
1900 Prideaux, W. de C., Esq., L.D.S.
1905 Priugle, Henry T., Esq., M.D.
1905 Priugle, Mrs. Henry T.
1888 Pye, William, Esq.
1888 Radclyffe, Eustace, Esq.
1902 RaUs, James, Esq.
Park Homer, Wimborne
Bere Regis, Wareham
Oaklands, Wimborne
Holmlea, Lincoln
Rydal, Wimborne
4, Westerhall Villas, Weymouth
East Love, Parkstone-on-Sea
Tarraiit Rushton Rectory, Blandford
Nethertoii House, Weymouth
Milton Abbey Vicarage, Blandford
Turn worth Rectory, Blandford
Chedington Court, Misterton, Crew-
kerne
Okeford Fitzpaine Rectory, Blandford
Holme Cleve, Lyme Regis
22, St. Margaret's Road, Oxford
Bloxworth Rectory, Wareham
c/o Mr. J. Pope, Wilts and Dorset
Bank, Wareham
Kingbarrow, Wareham
Brooklands, Beaminster
Hinton St. Mary, Blandford
Hintoii St. Mary, Blandford
Ibbertoii Rectory, Blandford
Blandford
Wye House, Marlborough
South Court, Dorchester
Culliford House, Dorchester
Culliford House, Dorchester
South Court, Dorchester
South Court, Dorchester
Weston Hall, Bournemouth
Ermington, Dorchester
12, Frederick Place, Weymouth
Ferndown, Wimborne
Ferndown
Dunmore, Rodwell, Weymouth
Hyde, Wareham
Bridport
XIX.
1905 Eamsden, Mrs.
1906 Kansford, Colonel
o.M. Ravenhill, Rev. Canon, M.A., R.D
1903 Eaymond, F., Esq.
1906 Eaymond, Mrs. F.
1899 Eendell, W. F., Esq.
1886 Eeynolds, Mrs. Arthur
1904 Ehydderch, Eev. W.
1887 Richardson, N. M., Esq., B.A.
(President)
1889 Eidley, Eev. O.M., M.A.
1905 Ridley, Miss H. L.
1901 Ridley, Rev. J.
1894 Eixon, W. A., Esq.
1890 Robinson, Sir Charles, F.S.A.
1886 Eodd, Edward Stanhope, Esq.
1889 Eussell, Colonel C. J.. R.E.
1906 Sampson, Miss E. A.
1905 Sanderson -Wells, T. H., Esq.,
M.D.
1905 Saunt, Miss
1905 Saunt Miss B. V.
18S9 Schuster, Rev. W. P., M.A.
1904 Seaman, Rev. C. E., M.A.
1883 Searle, Alan, Esq.
1905 Shenton, Rev. G. D., B.A.
1906 Shephard, Col. C. S., D.S.O.
1893 Shepheard, Thomas, Esq.,
F.R.M.S.
1903 Shepherd, Rev. C. S., F.C.S.
1903 Sheridan, Mrs. A. T. Brinsley
1884 Sherren, J. A., Esq., F.R. Hist. S.
1897 Simpson, Jas., Esq.
1895 Simpson, Miss
1899 Smith, Howard Lyon, Esq.,
L.R.C.P.
1902 Smith, R. Bosworth, Esq., M.A.
(Vice -President}
1905 Smith, Rev. E. Heriz, M.A.
1838 Solly, Rev. H. S., M.A.
1901 Sotheby, Rev. W. E. H., M.A.,
R.D.
Great Bidlake, Bridestow, N. Devon
Talavera, Dorchester Road, Weymouth
Buckland Newton Vicarage, Dor-
chester
Garry o wen, Dorchester
Garryowen, Dorchester
Hallow Dene, Parkstone
Westland, Bridport
Owermoigne Rectory, Dorchester
Montevideo, Chickerell, near Wey-
mouth
East Hill, Charminster, Dorchester
East Hill, Charminster, Dorchester
The Rectory, Pulham, Dorchester
Turkdean Manor, North Leach
Newton Manor, Swanage
Chardstock House, Chard
Clavinia, Weymouth
Elwell Lea, Upwey
6, Royal Terrace, Weymouth
Buxton, Rodwell, Weymouth
Buxton, Rodwell, Weymouth
The Vicarage, West Lulworth
Stalbridge Rectory, Blandford
Ashton Lodge, Bassett, Southampton
West Grinstead Rectory
Shorttake, Osmington, Weymouth
Kingsley, Bournemouth West
Worth Matravers Vicarage, Wareham
Frampton Court, Dorchester
Helmsley, Weymouth
Minterne Grange, Parkstone
12, Greenhill, Weymouth
Buckland House, Buckland Newton,
Dorchester
Bingham's Melcombe, Dorchester
Tarrant Hinton Rectory, Blandford
Bridport
Gillingham Vicarage, Dorset
1900 Stephens, W. L., Esq.
1905 Stephens, J. Thompson, Esq.
1903 Stilwell, H., Esq.
1900 Storer, Colonel, late E.E.
1900 Stopford, Admiral
1883 Stroud, Rev. J., M.A.
O.M. Stuart-Gray, Hon. M. G., M.A.,
F.S.A. Ed., F.G.S. (Vice-
President)
1895 Sturdy, Leonard, Esq.
1896 Sturdy, Philip, Esq.
1902 Sturdy, Miss V.
1905 Sturdy, E. T., Esq.
1898 Sturt, W. Neville, Esq.
1902 Sumner, Heywood, Esq.
189S Suttill, II. S., Esq.
1905 Suttill, John, Esq.
189G Swift, B. Eyle, Esq., M.A.
1885 Sydenham, David, Esq.
1893 Sykes, E. K., Esq., B.A., F.Z.S.
1889 Symes, G. P., Esq., M.A., B.C.L.
1904 Symonds, Arthur G., Esq.
1904 Symonds, Henry, Esq.
1897 Taylor, J. Herbert, Esq.
1901 Telfordsmith, Telford, Esq.,
M.A., M.D.
O.M. Thompson, Kev. G., M.A.
1906 Thomson, Chas. Bertram, Esq.,
F.E.C.S.
1893 Troyte-Bullock, Mrs.
1905 TrueU, Mrs.
O.M. Udal, J. S., Esq., F.S.A.
1897 Usher, Eev. E., M.A., F.L.S.
1890 Usherwood, Eev. Canon, M.A.
1903 Usherwood, Miss E. L.
1905 Van Eaalte, Chas., Esq., F.S.A.
1887 Walker, Eev. S. A., M.A.
1905 Ward, Samuel, Esq.
O.M. Warre, Eev. Canon F., M.A.
West Bay, Bridport
Wanderwell, Bridport
Steepleton Manor, Dorchester
Keavil, Bournemouth
Shroton House, Blandford
Lillesden, Broadstone
Kinfauns Castle, Perth, N.B.
Trigon, Wareham
The Wick, Branksome, near Bourne-
mouth
The Wick, Branksome, near Bourne-
mouth
Norburton, Burton Bradstock, Bridport
Baytree Farm, Great Horkesley, Col-
chester
Cuckoo Hill, South Gorley, Fording -
bridge, Hants
Pymore, Bridport
24, West Street, Bridport
Holly Bank, Dorchester
Bournemouth
3, Gray's Inn Place, Gray's Inn,
London, W.C.
Moiiksdene, Weymouth
South Street, Dorchester
30, Bolton Gardens, London, S.W.
Grayrigg, Parkstone
Eomansleigh, Wimborne
Highbury, Bodorgan Eoad, Bourne-
mouth
Eomansleigh, Wimborne
Silton Lodge, Zeals, Bath
Onslow, Wimborne
Antigua, Leeward Islands, West Indies
West Knoyle Eectory, Bath
Coombe Keynes, Wareham
Coombe Keynes, Wareham
Brownsea Island, Dorset
Spetisbury Eectory, Blandford
5, Greenhill, Weymouth
Bemerton, Salisbury
XXI.
1904 Warry, Mrs. King
1904 Warry, Wm., Esq.
1905 Watkins, Wm., Esq.
O.M. Watts, Rev. Canon, M.A.
1905 Watts, Miss
1906 Watts, Col. W., C.B.
1893 Weaver, Eev. F. W.,M.A.,F.S.A.
1905 Webb, H. N., Esq.
1904 Westcott, Eev. Canon F. B., M.A.
1895 Whitby, Joseph, Esq.
1905 Whitby, Miss Mar j one
1904 Wildman, W. B., Esq., M.A.
1900 Wilkinson, Rev. J. H., M.A.
1892 Williams, E. W., Esq., B.A.
1903 Williams, Captain Berkeley C. W.
1897 Williams, Miss F. L.
1884 Williams, Robert, Esq., M.P.
1884 Williams, Mrs. Robert
1906 Williams, Miss Meta
1905 Wills, A. W., Esq., M.P.
1906 Winwood, T. H. R., Esq., M.A.
1905 Wood, Lady
1898 Woodhouse, Miss
1903 Woodhouse, Miss Ellen E.
1906 Woodhouse, Frank D., Esq.
1906 Woodhouse, Mrs. Frank D.
1898 Workman, J. Reece, Esq., C.E.
1904 Wright, W. Southey, Esq., B.A.,
M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.
1902 Wright, Rev. Herbert L., B.A.
1904 Yates, Robert, Esq.
1896 Yeatman, Mrs.
1901 Yeatman, Miss E. F.
1893 Young, E. W., Esq.
39, Filey Avenue, Clapton Common,
London, N.
Westrow, Holwell, Sherborne
62, London Wall, E.C.
Bemerton, Salisbury
Bemerton, Salisbury
The Priory, Branksome, Wood Road,
Bournemouth
Milton Vicarage, Evercreech, Somerset
Bibury Cottage, Osborn Road, Brank-
some Park, Bournemouth
The School House, Sherborne
Preston, Yeovil
Preston, Yeovil
The Abbey House, Sherborne
Melcombe Bingham Rectory, Dor-
chester
Herringston, Dorchester
Herringston, Dorchester
Westleaze, Dorchester
Bridehead, Dorchester
Bridehead, Dorchester
South Walk, Dorchester
3, Hyde Park Gate, London, S.W.
Moreton House, Dorchester
The Mount, Parkstone
Chilmore, Ansty, Dorchester
Chilmore, Ansty, Dorchester
Old Ford House, Blandford St. Mary
Old Ford House, Blandford St. Mary
Inglenook, Winchester Road, Bassett,
Southampton
Wool, Wareham
Church Knowle Rectory, Corfe Castle
Milton Abbas, Blandford
114, Denbigh Street, London, S.W.
King's Stagg, Sturminster Newton
Dorchester
The above list includes the New Members elected up to and including the
last summer meeting of the season at Longleat, August 27th.
(Any omissions or errors should be notified to the Hon. Secretary.)
XX11.
ELECTED SINCE THE PUBLICATION OF THE LIST CONTAINED
IN VOL. XXVI.
PEOPOSKD SEPT. UTH, 1905 ; ELECTED DEC. 12TH, 1905.
Member. Proposer. Seconder.
H. K. Colville, Esq., of Uploders C. S. Prideaux, Esq. W. de C. Prideaux,
House, Bridport. Esq.
Mrs. H. K. Dugmore, of The Mount, The President. The Hon.
Parkstone. Treasurer.
W. Llewellin, Esq., M.A , J.P., of Lord Eustace Cecil. The President.
Upton House, Poole.
Mrs. Llewellin, of Upton House. ,,
Thomas Page, Esq., of Trevissome, W. Parkinson Curtis, Eev. O. Pickard-
Parkstone Road, Poole. Esq. Cambridge.
Mrs. Page, of Trevissome. ,, ,,
Miss M. B. Parkinson, of Oaklands, Dr. T. Telfordsmith. W. J. Fletcher,
Wimborue. Esq.
T. H. Sanderson -Wells, Esq., Miss E. Simpson. W. E. Pearson,
M.D., of 6, Eoyal Terrace, Esq.
Weymouth.
Miss H. L. Ridley, of Charminster, Rev. 0. M. Eidley. Eev. C. W. H.
Dorchester. Dicker.
The Rev. G. D. Shenton, B.A., of Rev. John Stroud. The Hon.
Broadstone. Treasurer.
E. T. Sturdy, Esq., of Norburton, Philip Sturdy, Esq. Miss Violet Sturdy.
Burton Bradstock, Bridport.
H. N. Webb, Esq., of Bibury
Cottage, Osborne Road, Brank-
some Park, Bournemouth.
W. Watkins, Esq., of 62, London G. R. Crickmay, Esq. The Hon. Secretary.
Wall, E.G.
, xxni.
PROPOSED DEC. 12TH, 190o ; ELECTED FEB. 22ND, 1906.
Member. Proposer. Seconder.
T. W. W. Bovey, Esq., L.R.C.P., Lt.-Col. F. G. L. Dr. W. Hawkins.
M.E.C.S., of Abbotsbury Vicar- Main waring.
age, Dorchester.
J". C. Higginbotham, Esq. (" Orme The Hon. Secretary. Dr. T. Fielding.
Agnus"), of Northport House,
Wareham.
A. W. Oke, Esq., of 32, Denmark W. Parkinson Curtis, Allan Searle, Esq.
Villas, Hove, Sussex. Esq.
Miss Adelaide S. Paget, of Park Mrs. Truell. N. Bond, Esq.
Homer, Wimboriie.
Col. Charles Eansford, of Talavera, Lt.-Col. F. G. L. Dr. \V. Hawkins.
Dorchester Road, Weymouth. Mainwaring.
Miss E. A. Samson, of Elwell Lea, ,,
Upwey, Dorset.
John Suttill, Esq., of 24, West J. T. Stephens, Esq. H. S. Suttill, Esq.
Street, Bridport.
PEOPOSED FEB. 22ND, 1906 ; ELECTED MAT 16TH, 1906.
Member. Proposer. Seconder.
Miss Baker, of Eanston, Blandford. Lord Eustace Cecil. The President.
E. Barrow, Esq., of Sorrento House, L. G. Pike, Esq. G. C. Filliter, Esq.
Sandecotes, Parkstone.
The Eev. W. Butt, M.A., J.P., of Miss G. Lister. A. Lister, Esq.
Kempsford Vicarage, Fairford,
Glo's.
Miss Groves, of Thickthorne, Broad- Dr. W. Hawkins. Lt.-Col. F. G. L.
way, Dorset. Mainwaring.
Mrs. C, B. Humphreys, of Eagle Miss J. J. Woodhouse. Miss E. E. Wood-
House, Blandford. house.
Mrs. Jameson, of Kenmare, Prince The Eev. W. Miles Miss L. E. Clapcott.
of Wales' Eoad, Dorchester. Barnes.
T. H. E. Winwood, Esq., M.A., of Lord Eustace Cecil. The President.
Moreton House. Dorchester.
F. D. Woodhouse, Esq., of Old E. Bosworth Smith, The Eev. J. H.
Ford House, Blandford St. Mary. Esq. Wilkinson.
Mrs. F. D. Woodhouse, of Old Ford
House.
XXIV.
PROPOSED MAY 16m, 1906 ; ELECTED JUNK 12-rn, 1906.
Member. Proposer. Seconder.
F. T. Atkins, Esq., M.K.C.S., Dr. G. J. Crallan. G. Galpin, Esq.
L.B.C.P., of Cathay, Alumhurst
Eoad, Bournemouth.
Nigel de M. Bond, Esq., B.A., of The Hon. Secretary. N. Bond, Esq.
156, Ashley Gardens, London,
S.W.
Miss Cox, of 4, Chesterfield Place, Dr. G. G. Morrice. Dr. J. Moorhead.
Wey mouth.
J. B. L. Dixon, Esq., M.E.C.S., Dr. G. J. Crallan. G. Galpin, Esq.
L.B.C.P., of 2, Wootton Gardens,
Bournemouth.
F. W. Dodd, Esq., M.I.C.E., of 1, W. Pye, Esq. F. J. Barnes, Esq.
Richmond Villas, Weymouth.
H. Fisher, Esq., of The Bosery, W. Parkinson Curtis, E. B. Bankes, Esq.
Florence Boad, Boscombe, Bourne- Esq.
mouth.
Miss Maude Hall, of King's Stagg, Miss E. F. Yeatman. H. Syndercombe
Sturminster Newton, Dorset. Bower, Esq.
Guy Heaton, Esq., M.A., of S. The Hon. Treasurer. Dr. P. W. Mac-
David's, Bournemouth West. Donald.
Edmund Parry Okeden, Esq., of Sir Bichard G. Glyn. The Bev. J. C. M.
Moreton, Dorset. Mansel-Pleydell.
Alfred Bolph Pope, Esq., J. P., of The President. Alfred Pope, Esq.
Culliford House, Dorchester.
Mrs. Alfred Pope, of Culliford ,,
House.
Miss Meta Williams, of South Walk, Captain J. E. Acland. Mrs. Henry Duke.
Dorchester.
PROPOSED JUNE 12ra, 1906 ; ELECTED JULY HTH, 1906.
Member. Proposer. Seconder.
Mrs. Bankes, of Kingston Lacy, Lord Eustace Cecil. N. Bond, Esq.
Wimborne.
A. W. B. Brennand, Esq., of C. H. Curtis, Esq. W. E. B. Bren
Blandford. nandj Esq>
Col. C. S. Shephard, D.S.O., of The President. The Hon.
Shortlake, Osmington, Weymouth. Treasurer.
Col. W. Watts, C.B., of The Priory, Captain J. E. Acland. G. Galpin, Esq.
Branksome Wood Boad, Bourne-
mouth.
kxv.
PROPOSED JULY 17TH, 1906 ; ELECTED AUG. 27TH, 19C6.
Member. Proposer. Seconder.
The Eev. P. A. Butler, of East Capt. J. W. T. G. D. Bond, Esq.
Stoke Eectory, Wareham. Fyler.
Mrs. W. J. Fletcher, of The W. J. Fletcher, A. Pope, Esq.
Chantry, Wimborne. Esq.
Mrs. Girdlestone, of The Corner The Eev. S. E. V. Dr. F. T. Atkins.
House, Alumhurst Eoad, West Filleul.
Bournemouth.
Joseph Gundry, Esq., of Wales W. Albert Bankes, E. W. Williams,
House, Prince of Wales' Eoad, Esq. Esq.
Dorchester.
Mrs. F. Eaymond, of Garryowen, F. Eaymond, Esq. C. S. Prideanx,
Dorchester. Esq.
C. B. Thomson, Esq., F.E.C.S., of Dr. T. Telford- Dr. H. T. Pringle.
Eomansleigh, Wimborne. smith.
XXVI.
PUBLICATIONS.
Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian
Field Club. Vols. I. XXVII. Price 10s. 6d. each volume, post free.
General Index to the Proceedings. Vols. L XXVI. Price 6<L, by
post 7d.
The Church Bells of Dorset. By the Eev. Canon HAVEN, D.D., F.S.A.
Price (in parts, as issued), Cs. Cd., post free.
Church Goods, Dorset, A.D. 1552. By the Eev. W. MILES BAENES.
Price (as issued) 2s. 6d., post free.
By the late J. C. MANSEL-PLEYDELL, B.A., F.G.S., F.L.S.
The Flora of Dorset, 2nd Edition. Price 12s.
The Birds of Dorset. Price 5s.
The Moll usca of Dorset. Price 5s.
By the Eev. 0. PICKAED- CAMBRIDGE. M.A., F.E.S., F.Z.S.
Spiders of Dorset. 2 vols. Price 25s., post free.
The British Phalangidea, or Harvest Men. Price 5s., post free.
British Chernetidea, or False Scorpions. Price 3s., post free.
The Volumes of Proceedings can be obtained from Captain Elwes, Bossing-
ton, Bournemouth; the Church Bells and Church Goods of Dorset, from the
Eev. W. Miles Barnes, Monkton Eectory, Dorchester ; Mr. Mansel-Pley dell's
works, from the Curator of the Dorset County Museum, Dorchester ; the
Eev. O. Pickard- Cambridge's works, from the Author, Bloxworth Eectory,
Wareham ; and the General Index, from the Assistant- Secretary (Mr. H. Pouncy,
Dorset County Chronicle Office, Dorchester).
SOCIETIES IN CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE
FIELD CLUB.
British Museum.
British Museum of Natural History.
British Association.
Bristol Naturalists' Society.
Devon Association for the Advancement of Science.
Hampshire Field Club.
Manchester Literary and Philosophic Society.
Royal Society of Antiquaries, Ireland.
Society of Antiquaries, London.
Somerset Archaeological Society.
Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society.
OF THE
Dorset ^lafuraC $tsforj? & Jlnf iquctrtan
Ttea @Cu3
DURING THE SEASON 1905-1906.
WINTER SESSION, 1905-1906.
THE FIRST MEETING of the Club for the Winter Session was
held in the Reading Room of the County Museum on Tuesday,
December i2th, at 1245. The President (Mr. Nelson M.
Richardson) took the chair, and forty members were present.
THE MEMBERSHIP. Thirteen persons were elected Members
and eight proposed for membership.
EXHIBITS.
BY THE PRESIDENT :
(i ) A cannon ball found this year in a field at Eadipole, near "Weymouth.
(ii.) An antique Japanese inkstone by the celebrated maker, Tan-kei, and the
accompanying water pot in bronze.
(hi.) Pomegranates grown on a tree in the garden at Montevideo. The tree is
on a wall, but is never protected in any way.
BY THE KEY. J. C. M. MANSEL-PLEYDELL :
Two small cases of coins which were among the collections of his father (the
late Mr. J. C. Mansel-Pleydell, the first President of the Club). Most of the
coins were found in and around the Whatcombe property. The 24 different
Eoman coins exhibited were all dug up in Dorset. The oldest was a good
specimen of Agrippiiia, mother of Nero, who died 33 A.D. Then came coins of
Vespasian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius, Severus, and two good silver coins
of Hadrian. There were more coins of all the Emperors during the Koman
occupation, the series ceasing suddenly wi+h Constantino and Constantius. One
tiny coin of Carausius, found in Bockerley Dyke, near Eushmore, suggested the
conjecture that such miniature coins were made especially for interments. He
also showed a fine Eose noble of Edward IV., a half -guinea of Henry VIII.,
found during the repair of Clenstone farmhouse in 1847, several silver Portuguese
coins brought from the Peninsular War, some interesting old seals, and a
pedometer, still in working order.
XXviil. THE FIRST WINTER MEETING.
BY ME. CHAELES PEIDEATJX :
A Koman pot found at the bottom of the Grove, another found under the front
door of the new Masonic Hall, and a fragile slate incised with pretty patterns.
These he presented to the County Museum, and the President, on behalf of the
Council, thanked him for his valuable gift.
BY ME. W. L. STEPHENS :
Some fine photographs of the solar eclipse on August 30th taken by him at
West Bay.
BY ME. T. S. ALDIS :
Some curious coprolites, from the cliff at Burton Bradstock, containing
molluscan and other remains.
BY CANON USHEEWOOD :
Photographs of various objects -iron and stone implements, carved stones, and
symbols of Phallic worship recently found in Mashonaland. A Barotsi dagger ;
and wild almonds from Livingstone, where they were used for paving purposes.
BY ME. BECKFOBD :
A bottle containing a small specimen of the torpedo ray fish. Mr. Beckford
stated that only two other specimens are recorded as having been found on the
Dorset coast, one at Poole, the other at Weymouth.
BY COLONEL MAINWAEING :
Large water snail shells found by him when shooting in Meerut in the marshy
ground which the Ganges overflowed.
BY ME. F. J. BAENES :
Some curiously -marked pebbles found on the Chesil Beach.
REPORT OF THE DELEGATE TO THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION.
Mr. Ernest Sykes' report was then read :
The first meeting of the delegates was held in Burlington House on October 30th
last. Dr. Smith Woodward, F.R.S., took the chair, and delivered an address
dealing with various aspects of the work of local Scientific Societies.
A general discussion took place. Special points dealt with included the
"excursions" of the various Societies, and much interest was displayed in the
various ways in which Societies prevent these from degenerating into mere pic-
nics. One delegate mentioned that in the Society which he represented, a rule
had been made that under no circumstances should hospitality be accepted. Mr.
Whitaker said that small excursions in which only a few members belonging to
one section of the Society joined e.g., botanical, geological, &c. had in one
Society proved very beneficial and of great interest. The idea was that only
those persons who desired specially to know of them were notified, and they were
THE FIRST WINTER MEETING. xxix.
arranged only for special purposes or places. Another delegate said that a junior
section had been very well attended, children of schools, &c., being invited and
instructed. The general feeling of the meeting appeared to be that local consider-
ations must influence the decision of each Society, but that every effort was
desirable in order that the scientific tone of the excursions should be maintained.
Dr. Martin read a paper on the Law of Treasure Trove, in which he suggested
that efforts should be made to more widely extend the public knowledge of the
law and of the arrangements made by the Treasury for the remuneration of
finders. Further he said that an extension of the law to cover all objects of
antiquity was desirable.
Mr. Collis and Mr. Hardy read brief papers on the law of copyright as affecting
Scientific societies, and short discussions on these papers took place.
In the afternoon the delegates visited the Museum of the College of Surgeons,
and in the evening they were the guests, at dinner, of the Royal Societies' Club.
It may be remarked that Dr. Mill, in proposing the toast of the British
Association, referred to the great assistance he had received in rainfall questions
from the local Societies, and that he specially named three, of which the Dorset
Field Club was one.
The main feature of the meeting on October 31st was the reading of a paper by
Professor Boulger on the preservation of our native plants. He stated that there
was no authentic record of any plant having as yet become absolutely extinct in
the British Isles, but that several were known to have disappeared from almost
all the recorded localities. He also suggested that steps for their preservation
should be taken, both by moral persuasion and by legislation, on the lines of the
Wild Birds' Protection Act. Considerable discussion followed, and eventually
the matter was left to the Committee to deal with and to consider whether
circulars might not be printed and distributed calling attention to the importance
of preserving all our native plants.
In conclusion, I would call attention to one feature of the Corresponding
Societies Committee's report, by which anew class of Corresponding Societies, to
be called "Associated Societies," has been created, to consist of those Societies
which, numbering fifty members, have no regular published proceedings.
Information is asked for by the Committee as to the names and whereabouts of
such Societies, as they may prove very difficult to trace.
PAPERS.
The following papers were read :
(i.) " The Durngate Street Mosaic Pavement," by Dr. Colley
March. (Printed.)
Mr. ALFRED POPE said that in the Olga Road pavement they
came to the conclusion that the black tesserae were of Kim-
meridge shale. He enquired whether the black tesserae in the
Durngate Street pavement, although somewhat different, might
XXX. THE FIRST' WINTER MEETING.
not be of the same substance. Dr. MARCH answered that they
contained crystals of calcite, and had been pronounced marble
by an expert in London. An interesting discussion followed on
the significance of the serpent as a symbol in pagan and
Christian art. Captain ACLAND observed that the serpent, so
frequent in the Pompeiian pavements, was undoubtedly intended
as an attribute to ^sculapius, and used as a health charm.
(iiO " Surface Waves Produced by Sledges," by Dr. Vaughan
Cornish, F.R.G.S.
(iii.) " The Rolls of the Court Baron of the Manor of
Winterborne Waste, alias Monkton," by the Rev. W. Miles
Barnes (printed). On account of the lateness of the hour this
last paper was taken as read.
The meeting then closed.
XXXI.
WINTER SESSION.
THE SECOND MEETING of the Winter Session was held at
the Dorset County Museum on Thursday, February 2 2nd,
at 12.45. The President was in the chair.
THE MEMBERSHIP. Eight candidates nominated at the last
meeting were elected, and nine nominated.
NOTICE OF PROPOSALS. Captain ELWES gave notice of his
intention to propose at the next meeting that the Club member-
ship be limited to 400.
The Hon. SECRETARY gave notice of his intention to propose
at the next meeting a scheme for affiliating kindred Societies in
the County, and Libraries in England and elsewhere, to the
Dorset Field Club.
EXHIBITS.
BY THE REV. C. W. H. DICKER :
Water-colour drawings of a dabchick and a kingfisher, each choked to death by
trying to swallow a large specimen of the bullhead (Coitus yobio}.
BY DR. COLLEY MARCH.
A monastic sepulchral cross, unearthed with many others, near Christ Church
Hospital, London.
Dr. MARCH said these little leaden crosses distinguished the
bodies of the Grey Friars, who perished during the Black
Death, 1348-9. Colonel MAINWARING enquired if any sepulchral
crosses had ever been found in Dorset, dug up with skeletons
and other relics. The HON. SEC. answered that they had
heard from time to time, not actually of crosses, but of little
"Mary tokens" dug up in country churchyards, with pictures of
the Blessed Virgin upon them, and supposed to have some
beneficial effect.
BY MR. F. J. BARNES.
A curious fossil, the base of a large dorsal fin -spine, probably of the Ischyodus
towiisciidi, found in the whitbed at Portland (Dr. Smith Woodward contributes
a paper thereon to this volume).
BY Mr. A. C. PONTON.
Some examples of Chromatic Radiography.
XXXli. THE SECOND WINTER MEETING.
PAPERS.
The following papers were then read :
(i.) " Parallel Banding in Old Mortar," by Dr. G. Abbott,
F.G.S., of Tunbridge Wells.
The PRESIDENT said he was sorry that Dr. Abbott could not
be with them, and he asked the Hon. Secretary to read his
paper for him. The paper was illustrated with a. photograph of
the weathered stonework of the Military Arms, Messrs. Devenish
and Co.'s inn at Weymouth, near the Nothe, for Dr. Abbott stated
that the weathering of mortar, showing the common changes
which go on in calcareous matter all over the country, can
nowhere be seen to better advantage, than in Weymouth.
Lime, said Dr. Abbott, possesses a trick or selective habit as
pronounced as that of crystalline substances of arranging itself
in parallel bands, and the familiar ridges and furrows in old
mortar are apparently formed by the segregation of the lime,
which tends to leave the furrows and arrange itself in the ridges.
The fact that this habit of lime appears also to be the cause of
various other phenomena, supports the present theory. The
PRESIDENT said he was the more sorry that Dr. Abbott could
not be with them that day, because he could not agree with
him as to the causes producing the markings. It seemed to
him that the appearances might be capable of a more simple
explanation, and he read a note on the subject contending that
they were caused by the growing of moss. In support of his
contention, the President exhibited specimens of mortar from
a wall near Abbotsbury, showing the development of the
characteristic ridges and furrows by the growth of moss in
shrinkage cracks on the surface, gradually disintegrating and
widening the cracks into furrows (as opposed to the theory of
segregation). To shew the identity of the Abbotsbury and
Military Arms' specimens, he also exhibited some pieces of
mortar from the latter place, which had been photographed by
Dr. Abbott.
(ii.) " Ancient Stones at Stinsford and Batcombe," by Mr.
Alfred Pope. This paper comprised two chapters from Mr.
THE SECOND WINTER MEETING. XXxiii.
Pope's book, The Old Stone Crosses of Dorset, since published at
the Chiswick Press.
(iii.) " The meaning of ' Durnovaria' and ' Durotriges.' " By
Captain Acland :
I heard recently that the derivation of the words Durnovaria and Durotriges
had nothing whatever to do with " water," and I am grateful for the opportunity
of asking the members of the Field Club to share this unlocked for pronounce-
ment with me, to listen to the evidence, and perhaps to restore me to the ancient
faith. As there may be some present to-day who have not the opportunity of
reference to the many different books on this subject, I may say briefly that
without exception, so far as I know, every writer has traced these words in their
derivation to a connection with water. Whether we turn to the writings of
Stukeley, Warne, Hutchins, the late Rev. W. Barnes, or Henry Moule, we
find them all of one opinion, viz., that the first syllable both of Durnovaria and
Durotriges is derived from the Celtic word Dwr, water, or Dwrn, the diminutive.
(See Warne ' Ancient Dorset." p. 209; Barnes' " Ancient Britain," in Arch.
Journal, Vol. XXII. ; and H. Moule " Old Dorset," p. 63.) Without making any
further comments I will now read the statement which is meant to UDset all these
eminent authorities. It is by the Rev. Edmund McClure, Secretary to the
S.P.C.K. He says in a letter, or series of letters, to me, " The association of
Dwr and Water belongs to a pre-scientific age, and all the Dwr theories from
Camden down to comparatively lately are pure nonsense ; no modern philologist
would give it a moment's consideration, for this reason. The word for water
among the Celtic tribes in the time of the Romans was Dubron, plural Dubra,
and in the locative plural Dubris, the ancient name of Dover. This word is
represented later as Dobor or Durbr, and only in modern Welsh as Dwr. It is
clear that this modern form, Dwr, could not appear in place-names which belong to
a time when Dubron was the word for water." "Now as to the first element in
Durno-Varia (the form in the Antonine Itinerary, 486, 15), the only existing
Celtic word with which it can be equated, is represented in the modern Irish
Dorn, the Welsh Dwrn, the Breton Dorn, and in all these dialects it
means 'fist,' and verbs formed from it, 'to fight with the fists.' " Varia is
not uncommon in Celtic place-names on the Continent, and corresponds
with the Welsh "Gwarse," which means "games," "sports." "Durno-
Varia" would thus mean "fist-sport" or " wrestling matches," and this
would lead to the inference that there was an amphitheatre there when
there was nothing but a rough camp for the Roman troops, i.e., before
there was a waUed town ; the important thing in the eyes of the native would
thus be the " fist-sports," and the amphitheatre was the striking thing in the
imagination of the natives." As to Duro-triges. Duro, or Duron, appears in
hosts of Celtic place-names both here and on the Continent, and is well known to
mean " stronghold " or "fortress." "Duro-triges" would thus mean "fort-
dwellers," people who lived in strongholds, like Maiden Castle, and not in the
XXxiv. THE SECOND WINTER MEETING.
open." On this new theory I wish to make only two simple remarks, not being
competent to discuss the intricacies of Celtic derivations. According to my
informant, Durnovaria is a true Celtic name, not a Eoman rendering of a previous
Celtic name ; and yet the Celtic inhabitants must have originated the name
after the Eomans occupied the country, after they were sufficiently sure of their
hold to build an amphitheatre and indulge in " fist-sports." There is, therefore,
this important point to be kept in mind by those who investigate the meaning of
" Durnovaria." When first was the name given? If there is any trace of the
name prior to the permanent settlement of the Eomans, the native race cannot
have made use of a word derived from the games witnessed in the amphitheatre.
When the late Mr. Barnes read a paper to the Archaeological Institute at Dor
Chester in 1865 on " Ancient Dorset " he used these words : " The Eomans in
their itineraries and other writings on Britain took the names of places and men
from British lips and then moulded them into a Latin shape so as to fit them to
their language and utterance." He then shows how Durnovaria was " moulded ' '
from Durn, or Duriii Wyr, i.e., the Durin people or district Durn, meaning
water, or little water. For the present, at any rate, I shall be content to take
my stand under the banner of our Dorset Poet.
Captain ELWES, in the course of a short discussion on the
subject, observed that the Celtic races had no notion of games
until they learnt them from the Romans, so much so that their
name for games was "campi," from " Campus Martius." The
PRESIDENT said he gathered that the club had not been given
sufficient reason to change their ancient belief as to the meaning
of the words "Durnovaria" and " Durotriges."
(iv.) "The Life History of a Scarce Moth, Ophiodes lunaris,
by Dr. G. J. Crallan. (Printed.)
(v.) " British Arachnida," by the Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge.
(Printed.)
The meeting then closed.
XXXV.
THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING.
THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of the Club was held on
Wednesday, May i6th, in the Reading Room of the Museum.
The President took the chair at 12.45.
THE MEMBERSHIP. Nine candidates proposed at the last
meeting were elected Members, and thirteen candidates for
membership were proposed for election at the next meeting.
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. The PRESIDENT then read his
Address, on the conclusion of which Mr. ALFRED POPE pro-
posed a hearty vote of thanks, saying that there was hardly
any point relating to science, archaeology, and the other subjects
of which the Club took cognisance to which the President had
not made reference. Dr. MACDONALD seconded the vote of
thanks, which was carried with acclamation.
THE LIMITATION OF THE CLUB MEMBERSHIP. In accord-
ance with the notice of motion given by him, Captain ELWES
rose to propose that the Membership of the Club be limited to
400. Colonel MAINWARING seconded the proposition. The
HON. SEC. read a long letter which he had received from the
Hon. Morton G. Stuart-Gray, a former honorary secretary of the
Club, expressing warm approval of the proposal. An animated
discussion took place upon the proposal, and it was eventually
resolved without dissent: "That the members of the club be
limited to 400, power being reserved to the Council to select
from the list of candidates as additional members over and
above the limit, persons whose membership they may consider
to be advantageous to the interests of the club."
THE AFFILIATION OF KINDRED SOCIETIES TO THE CLUB.
The HON. SECRETARY proposed a scheme for affiliating to the
Club kindred societies in the county, and also libraries in England
and elsewhere. He submitted some draft rules (now printed
among the Rules of the Club). Dr. MOORHEAD seconded the
motion for the adoption of the scheme, which he described as
admirable. The society was one of light and leading, and that
XXXVI. THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING.
light it was desirable to disseminate as widely as possible. And
reciprocity was of importance. The motion was carried
unanimously.
PRESENTATION OF THE MANSEL-PLEYDELL MEDAL. At the
PRESIDENT'S request, and in the absence of her father, the Rev.
J. C. Mansel-Pleydell, Mrs. Sherbrooke (Miss Cicely Mansel-
Pleydell) presented the Mansel-Pleydell silver medal and prize of
books or instruments to the value of ^5, to the winner for the
first year, Mr. Parkinson Curtis, of Aysgarth, Longfleet, Poole,
for an essay on the Ringed Plover (JEgialitis hiaticold), illus-
trated by photographs and coloured drawings. The Cecil
Medal and a similar prize were awarded to Mr. Ernest W. Short,
of 96, Caledonian-road, Leeds (a native of Dorset), for an essay
on " Electricity as applicable to household purposes in the future,
economically and scientifically considered." The two essays and
medals had been laid on the table for inspection. (Mr.
Parkinson Curtis' paper is printed in this volume.)
THE HON. SECRETARY'S REPORT. The HON. SECRETARY
then read his report as follows :
The membership of the Club is now (including the nine new members
elected to-day) 390, which is an increase of more than 30 on the previous year.
There are also 10 honorary members of the Club. The one- day summer meetings
this year were very well attended, especially that at Poole and Brownsea Island ;
but the two-day meeting at Bradford-on-Avon and Bath attracted a very small
gathering only. The question should be raised as to whether it is desirable to
have a two -day meeting out of the county this year. My statement of
accounts in connection with the summer meetings shows a balance in hand of
6 4s., as against 2 14s. lid. last year. I am indebted to Miss Violet Pope
for searching through the first 25 volumes of the " Proceedings," in order that
to each member's name might be prefixed the year of his election ; and also to
Mr. Pouncy, the assistant secretary, for help in many directions.
THE CLUB'S FINANCE. The HON. TREASURER, in a brief
financial statement, congratulated the Club on being in a sound
condition in point of funds. They still had ^250 Consols, a
balance of j6 23. 8d. at the bank, and ^38 outstanding
members' subscriptions, quite $Q of which he hoped to
receive.
THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING. XXXvii.
THE PROCEEDINGS. In the absence of the retiring Hon.
Editor (the Rev. W. Miles Barnes) the HON. SECRETARY made a
short statement as to the probable contents of the next volume
of " Proceedings," enumerating the papers which it was pro-
posed to publish. The Publication Committee had decided to
print by degrees the Chartularies of the Dorset monasteries ;
and that of Cerne Abbey, if it did not appear in Vol. XXVII. ,
would be printed in the succeeding volume. The Brasses of
Dorset, and also the Dorset Chantries, were to be proceeded
with, and completed in course of time.
ELECTION OF OFFICERS. The President, Hon. Secretary, and
Hon. Treasurer, were re-elected, and the Hon. Secretary re-
nominated Mr. H. Pouncy as Assistant Secretary.
The PRESIDENT said he regretted much that the Rev. W. Miles
Barnes had resigned the office of Hon. Editor, in which he had
done valuable service to the Club. He was glad that Mr. Pentin
had kindly consented to take the office. It was no light task to
edit that large volume, in addition to the labours of the
secretariat. Mr. F. J. BARNES seconded Mr. Pentin's appoint-
ment as Hon. Editor, and it was carried with applause.
The following resolution was proposed, and carried unani-
mously : " That the sincere thanks of the Club be given to the
Rev. W. Miles Barnes for his excellent work as Hon. Editor
during the past five years."
The Vice-Presidents were re-elected in a body, and Mr.
Miles Barnes' name was added to the list.
Mr. E. R. SYKES, B.A., F.Z.S., was appointed delegate of
the Club to attend the meeting of the British Association at
York.
THE SUMMER MEETINGS. The next business was the choice
of the places of field meetings to be held during the ensuing
summer. Many suggestions of localities had been received,
and these were put to the vote, with the result that (i) Bindon
Abbey and Lul worth Castle, (2) Badbury Rings and Kingston
Lacy, (3) Frome and Longleat, were selected for the outdoor
meetings.
XXXV111. THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING.
The PRESIDENT announced that Mr. W. H. Hudleston, of
West Holme, had invited the members of the Club to join in a
steamboat trip from Swanage to Weymouth on Tuesday, July 3rd,
for the purpose of studying the geology of the coast. It was
decided to accept Mr. Hudleston's generous invitation and to
adopt it as one of the four summer excursions. (Owing to Mr.
Hudleston's ill-health this meeting was unable to be held.)
The meeting then closed.
xxxix.
FIRST SUMMER MEETING.
WOOL, BINDON ABBEY, AND LUL WORTH CASTLE.
THE FIRST SUMMER MEETING was held on June i2th. The
party was unusually large, numbering about 140.
WOOL MANOR HOUSE AND BARN.
Wool Station was the rendezvous, and thence the party set out
for Wool Manor House. On the way they passed over the fine
Elizabethan bridge, with its five arches. Arriving at the house
The PRESIDENT said he ought first to congratulate the Club
on being favoured with so fine a day. He had hoped very much
that Mr. Thomas Hardy, the distinguished novelist, would have
been able to be present to tell them something about that house,
concerning which he had written in Tess of tht U Urbervilles ;
but unfortunately he was in London. He had received from him
a letter, which, as it contained a few words about the house, he
would read. It was as follows :
The Athenaeum, Pall Mall, S.W., June 5th, 1906. Dear Mr. Richardson, It
would be a pleasure to me to accept your kind invitation to join the Field Club in
its visit to Wool, as also to my wife, if we were able to be in Dorset on the
occasion. But we are up here till the 16th or 17th July. The Manor House i
often spoken of as the chief seat of the Turbervilles, but it was, as you know, the
seat of the younger branch of the family, the house and estates of the head of
the line having been at Bere Regis. I am sorry that the portraits, built into the
wall, which were comparatively clear when I wrote about them, have been rubbed
or washed till they are almost invisible. Yours truly, T. HAEDY.
The HON. SEC. observed that they had the pleasure of having
with them that day Mr. Weaver, the Hon. Secretary of the
Somerset Archaeological Society, who questioned the Jacobean
date assigned to the house by Mr. Moule.
The Rev. F. W. WEAVER said he thought it was far more
likely that the house was temp. Henry VII. than Jacobean.
The members had noted the date carved over the porch 1635
or 1655 ; the third figure is not easy of identification.
Xl. WOOL, BINDON, AND LULWORTH MEETING.
The Rev. W. MILES BARNES observed that this seemed to be
the date, not of the building of the house, but of a restoration ;
for there was earlier work in the building. The windows might
be temp. Henry VIII. Some were new, made to match the old.
The party then leaving the house, went round to see the
barn. Attention was especially attracted by the herring-bone
stone work in the north wall and the ancient little cinquefoil
window looking on the road.
The Rev. W. MILES BARNES said that as to the building being
a chapel, as it had been thought to be, the fact that the roof
was still standing upon it was pretty clear proof that it was not
originally a chapel. The roof was a isth century roof of very
rough construction. It had never been moved, and there was
little doubt that the building was the barn. Then again the
building did not orientate. Bindon Abbey, after the Dissolution
of the Monasteries, no doubt became a quarry for the whole
neighbourhood ; and some of the stones were very likely brought
there. He thought for example that the i3th century window
must have been so brought. As to the herring-bone work, it
would be hard to say that it was Saxon, although it might have
been a bit of Saxon work introduced into the building bodily.
But the surroundings of it were not Saxon.
BINDON ABBEY.
On arrival at the ruins of the Abbey (see illustration} the
following paper, prepared from records in the Lulworth Castle
Estate Office, was read :
The abbey was of the Cistercian order, founded in 1172 by Roger, or Robert, de
Newburgh and Matilda his wife. William de Glastonia first built it, or began to
build it, at Little Bindon on the east side of West Lulworth Cove, where interest-
ing remains still exist. Roger de Newburgh removed it to this place. He and
his family were great benefactors to it. The patronage of it belonged to them
til], as it appears by charter of Henry III., 18th August, 1271, Henry de
Newburgh, formerly patron by his charter, gave licence to the abbot and monks
to choose whom they pleased to be their patron, and they had elected himself and
Queen Eleanor and their heirs to be their patrons. They accepted the election
and received the abbey into their protection. Maud Arundell, wife of William
WOOL, fciNDoN, AND LULWORTH MEETING. xli.
de Newburgh, Countess of Sarum, was so great a benefactress to the abbey that
she was reckoned the chief foundress. It was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin
Mary. King John confirmed all liberties, wrecks, &c., and made various grants
of lands, &c. , including houses, streets, &c., in Dorchester. Eleanor, Queen of
Henry III., granted ' for the health of her soul and of the late King Henry
her husband ' to the Church of St. Mary at Bindon, in pure alms, all her lands
and tenements Vill : Welle. Co. Dorset. Kobert de Newburgh, by charter, for
the health of his soul and those of his ancestors and successors, granted to it in
free, pure, and perpetual alms, all his manor in Woolaveston, with all appur-
tenances, &c. Edward I. by his charter sets forth that his mother Queen Eleanor
had given to this convent a carucate of land at Welle in the hundred of Winf rith.
He remits at his mother's instance certain customs due to him from that laud
worth ISd. a year, and in the 9th year of his reign he confirmed the grant of
various other lands to the abbey. There are also records of gifts to the abbey of
lands, &c.. in nearly all the neighbouring villages. Part of the great gate, a few
paces from the west end of the church, was standing about 1750. The abbey was
demolished soon after the Dissolution. Coker says that out of the ruins of the
Monastery, Thomas, first Viscount Bindon, raised a fair house. It is said to have
been burnt down in the time of the Civil Wars about 1644.
The abbey church appears to have been a spacious fabric. Five large semi-
circular arches supported by the six massive round pillars sunk deep in the earth,
and four windows above the arches, remained when Mr. Buck drew and engraved it
in 1733. The north wall of the body , 70 feet in length and 42 feet high, and part of
the wall of the north aisle, 21 feet high and above a yard thick, remained in
1770 ; all the rest was completely ruined. The north and south aisles were equal,
115 feet long by H feet broad. The body, including the choir, was 170 feet long
and 30 broad. The eastern part of it seems to have extended 24 paces beyond the
present ruins. Perhaps here was a chapel dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, as was
usual in most conventual churches. The tower was 58 by 38 feet square. There
were formerly six pillars on each side of the body. Some on the south were
blown down in the great storm of 1703. The precincts, including the ruins of the
church and site of the abbey, take up 10 acres. The cemetery seems to have been
on the north side of the church, where bones have been dug up. At the south-
east of the church, just below the footstep of the side altar, a slab was dis-
covered containing the figure of an abbot surrounded by the following inscription
in Lombardic capitals :
" ABBAS I^IGA^DYS DE MAKERS HIG
AD PENAS TAI^DYS DEYS HYNG SALYANS
In this church the Newburghs and Poynts of Sutton had their sepulture, and
probably other great families. John Newburgh, senr., by his will dated March
29th, 1484, ordered his body to be buried in a marble tomb, at his father's feet
in his chantry of the Holy Trinity Chapel built by him in this church. At the
Dissolution of the Monasteries, the Abbey was valued at 147 7s. 9fd. by Dugdale
xlli. WOOL, fclNbON, ANt> LULWORTH MEETING.
and 229 2s. l^d. by Speed. It was suppressed in 1536 pursuant to the Act of
Parliament made for suppressing the lesser abbeys, which gave their estates to the
King. On November 16th, 1537, the King by patent restored this Monastery
with a few others, and constituted John Norman as abbot, reinstated the former
monks, and restored their abbey church and lands. By this grant it was held
of the King in perpetual alms, which seems to have been a precarious tenure, for
at the general Dissolution it was surrendered with the lands, charters, &c.,
belonging to it to Sir John Tregonwell, one of the Masters of the Chancery. The
site was then granted by Henry VIII. to Sir Thomas Poynings and was purchased
by Mr. Humphrey Weld in 1641 from James, Earl of Suffolk. The present
residence at Bindon was erected towards the end of the 18th century by Mr.
Thomas Weld, who planted the trees and re-formed, or constructed, the moats as
they now exist. In the rockery at the entrance to the abbey will be seen an
interesting old sun dial, a cresset stone, a statue of S. Margaret, and various
carved remains of the abbey. In the church will be seen the tiles recently
uncovered, and in the Chapter-house a tombstone also recently unearthed.
Under Mr. Duke's guidance the party then explored the ruins,
viewing in turn the site of the Abbey Church, where the encaustic
tiling found last autumn had been bared, the tombs in the
Chapter House, an Abbot's stone coffin, Abbot Maners' grave-
slab (see illustrations], the double piscina, and the "Calvary,"
under which Mr. Thomas Weld, who in 1770 built the residence
within the grounds, constructed wine cellars.
Mr. W. DE C. PRIDEAUX contributed the following notes on
Abbot Ricardus de Maners' grave-slab:
It is stated in Proceedings VII., p. 59, that Abbot. Ricardus was the first Abbot
of Bindon. This clearly is incorrect, for Abbot John is mentioned in 1191, and
Ricardus de Maners lived centuries after. No Abbot Ricardus of Bindon appears
in Wallis' list, but an Abbot who was summoned to Convocation in 1408 and
1410 is mentioned without name in a deed of 1404.
The general appearance of the matrix or casement of Abbot Ricardus' slab
points fairly definitely to late 14th or early 15th century work ; among the
few left us unspoiled may be mentioned for comparison Abbot Delamere of
St. Albans, 1396, and Abbot Wallingford, 1335, neither being better examples
than our Bindou brass would have been ; whilst Dorchester (Oxon) can show us
an example or two, much inferior.
Of despoiled slabs of similar date that of Abbot Walter in the chancel of
Milton Abbey may be taken as a fine example of very similar character and size,
being 9ft; by 4ft., as against the 9ft. 6iu. by 3ft. 6in. of this massive Purbeck
.slab.
O
w
tt
_g
"5
1. DOOR AT LULWORTH CASTLE, FORMERLY AT BlNDON ABBEY.
2. THE GRAVE-SLAB OF ABBOT RICHARD DE MANERS, OF BINDON.
3. CRESSET-STONE IN WOOL CHURCH.
[Photos by A. D. Moullin.]
WOOL, BlNDON, AND LULWORTH MEETING. xllii.
The Bindon brass measured 6ft. Sin. in length and was in three pieces, a not
unusual arrangement with these large memorials, the indents for jointing pieces
being plainly visible in the slab.
Few finer examples remain to us, either for size or simple dignity of outline ;
the lettering, too, is bold and deeply cut a specimen throughout of good work
that merits careful preservation.
WOOL CHURCH.
On leaving Bindon Abbey the party drove to Wool church, and
alighted to make a brief inspection of it. The HON. SEC.
expressed regret that the Vicar (the Rev. A. C. B. Dobie) was
unable to be with them. He directed the attention of the party,
principally, to the triple chancel arch of the i4th century, and the
stone cresset lamp with four cavities (see illustration}. The Rev.
S. E. V. FILLEUL stated that a similar cresset-stone was
unearthed at Wareham some years ago with five receptacles.
LULWORTH CASTLE.
A pleasant drive through Coombe Keynes brought the party
into the park that surrounds Lulworth Castle.
On arrival at the Castle, the following further paper from
the records in the Estate Office was read :
Tyrrel, in his " History of England," states that Robert, Earl of Gloucester,
took " Lulwarde Castle" for the Empress Maude in the reign of King Stephen,
and Hutchins, in his " History of Dorset," speaks of the fact that the present castle
stands on or near the site of a much more ancient building. The first possessors
of the manor are said to have been the De Lollworths, but the powerful family of
the De Newburghs held it as early as the reign of King John. Christian, the
sole heiress of Sir Roger Newburgh, carried the estate in 1514 to her husband,
Sir John Marney, whose second daughter and eventual heiress, Elizabeth,
married Thomas, Lord Howard of Bindon, and conveyed the manor, with
several other considerable estates, amongst which was the Manor of Bindon, to
the Howard family. Thomas, Viscount Bindon, in the second year of the reign
of James I. conveyed the estate to Thomas, Earl of Suffolk, and in the year 1641
in the same reign it passed by purchase from James, Earl of Suffolk, to Mr.
Humphrey Weld. The present castle was erected between the years 15S8 and
1609 by Henry, eldest son of Thomas, first Viscount Howard of Bindon ; the
stone from Biudon Abbey and Mount ' Poynings (which stood near Burugate
Xliv. WOOL, BINDON, AND LULWORTH MEETING.
Farmhouse) being used in its construction. The stones from the cloisters of
Bindon are supposed to have been used for the terrace, and tradition assigns as
once having belonged to the abbey the beautiful old door now at the servants'
entrance. It is said that Inigo Jones was the architect of the castle. The
erection of the building occupied a great many years, and when the Earl of
Norfolk was resting here in 1605. little but the outer walls would appear to have
been finished, and the place was scarcely habitable. In fact, when Mr.
Humphrey Weld purchased it in 1641, a great deal of the interior appears to have
been incomplete. The castle is described as an exact cube of 80 feet, with a
circular tower at each of its four corners. These are 30 feet in diameter, and
rise about 15 feet above the embattled walls. The walls themselves are very
thick, in many places about six feet. During the Civil War the castle was at one
time garrisoned for King Charles ; but in the years 1643-44 (two years after its
purchase by Mr. Humphrey Weld) it was held by Captain Hughes for the
Parliamentarians as a check upon Corfe Castle. When the garrison was broken
up, Sir Bernard Burke says that its members committed a great deal of the most
wanton and unnecessary havoc, carrying off and selling the iron window bars, the
leaden water pipes, and even a large quantity of the wainscotting of the rooms
and chambers.
The Welds are lineally descended from Edric Sylvaticus, alias Wild, who was
nephew to Edric, Duke of Mercia, husband of Edina, daughter of King Ethelred.
William Weld was Sheriff of London, 25th Edward III. Five generations later,
in 1529, Sir Humphrey Weld was Sheriff of London, and Lord Mayor ten years
later. He was succeeded by his son, Sir John Weld, of Arnolds, in the county of
Middlesex, whose son, Humphrey, of Holdwell, as before stated, purchased the
Lulworth estates in 1641. The name of the Welds (originally Wild) was long
preserved in London by Wild Street and Wild Court, between Lincoln's Inn
Fields and Drury Lane, where Mr. Humphrey Weld built himself a mansion
in the middle of the 16th century. The street and court have been swept
away only within the last 80 years. He died about the year 1684, and was
buried in Henry VII. 's Chapel at Westminster Abbey. Mr. Edward Weld, who
held the estate from 1761 to 1775, up 11 the death of his first wife, married Miss
Mary Anne Smythe, daughter of Mr. Walter Smythe, of Banbridge, Hants.
After Mr. Weld's death his widow married Mr. Thomas Fitz-Herbert, of
Swinnerton, whom she survived. She subsequently married the Prince of Wales,
afterwards George IV. The portrait of Mrs. Fitz-Herbert and the pearl necklace
which once belonged to her will be on view. Mrs. Fitz-Herbert, until her death
at Brighton, was in receipt of an annuity of SOO from the Lulworth estate in
addition to what she received from the Crown. Mr. Thomas Weld, who
succeeded to the estate in 1810, became a priest, and was made Bishop, and in
1830 a Cardinal. He was the first Englishman since the Pontificate of Clement IX.
to take a seat in the Conclave for the election of a Pope. Whilst Cardinal Weld
held the estate, the castle was let from 1820 to 1824 to Sir Eobert Peel, and from
1824 to 1828 to the Duke of Gloucester. Charles X. of France, with a suite of
about 100, occupied the castle from August 23rd to October 17th, 1830, landing at
WOOL, BINDON, AND LULWORTH MEETING. xlv.
and leaving from Poole. Mr. Joseph Weld (grandfather of the present owner),
who won numerous challenge cups and shields in yacht racing (some of which
will be on view), held the estate from 1827 to 1863. He built two models of
yachts, one of which was exhibited at the Exhibition of 1851, and can be seen at
the Lake.
Lulworth has been frequently honoured by the visits of Eoyalty. King
James I. was entertained here in 1615. In the year 1665, during the Plague of
London, King Charles II., attended by the Dukes of York and Monmouth, made
a short stay at the castle. In 1789 King George III., together with the Queen
and three elder Princesses, came by sea from Weymouth and took up their
residence here for a few weeks, and this monarch remained united in friendship
with Mr. Weld as long as that gentleman lived. In 1791 the same Royal party
repeated their visit by land and spent several hours at the castle. In 1792 their
Majesties, accompanied by the then Prince of Wales, four of the Princesses, and
Other members of the Eoyal Family, paid a visit to the castle. King Edward
VII. paid a visit to Lulworth in April, 1902.
At the conclusion of Mr. Duke's paper the members of the
Club inspected many of the objects of interest in the castle, e.g. :
Illuminated books, a piece of linen dipped in the blood of Mary
Queen of Scots on the opening of her tomb "within a few
months after the restoration of King Charles II." with the
accompanying certificate, some letters dating from 1686 to 1780,
two receipts for delinquency money paid by Mr. Weld, ,'996,
dated 1647, a copy of extracts from the Minute Books of the
Dorset Standing Committee, 1646 to 1650, relating to Lulworth
Castle at the time of the Civil War, a copy of the will of John
Turberville, of Woolbridge, dated 1703, a portrait of Mrs. Fitz-
Herbert (widow of Mr. Weld) and a pearl necklace which
belonged to her, racing cups and shields won by Mr. Joseph
Weld with his fine yacht Alarm, first cutter-rigged and then
schooner-rigged, some miniatures, and the seal of William Weld
when Sheriff of London in the reign of Edward III. Downstairs
the party viewed the richly-carved door from Bindon Abbey
(see illustration). But by far the most interesting object on
view was the Louterell Psalter, a national relic of priceless value,
which, while the property of the Weld family, is on loan at the
British Museum, from which it had been got down especially for
the occasion. The pictorial embellishment of the Psalter shows
that the illuminators were artists of vivid perception, strong
xlvi. \VooL, fciNDON, AND LULWoRtii MEETING.
imaginative faculty, ingenuity, and a keen sense of humour, and
were closely in touch with the full-bodied, homely, racy English
life of the period husbandry, the chase, the use of arms,
devotion, domestic, and industrial occupations. The Psalter
contains also the Canticles, Te Deum, Athanasian Creed, Litany
of the Saints, and Office of the Dead, preceded by a calendar.
It is supposed to have been done for Sir Godfrey Louterell, of
Irnham, Lincoln, who was born in 1276 and died in 1345. On
page 202, at the end of Psalm cviii., the last of the Psalms sung
at Matins, is the inscription in the same hand as the text :
" Dominus Galfridus Louterell me fieri fecit."
BUSINESS MEETING.
A short business meeting was held on the lawn, at which
twelve members were elected and two candidates for member-
ship nominated.
The HON. SEC. read the following letter which he had received
from Mr. W. H. Hudleston, and made sympathetic reference to
his illness:
8, Stanhope Gardens, Queen's Gate, S.W. June 8th. Dear Mr. Pentin, I
am reluctantly compelled to say that there is no material improvement in my
condition. Since the time is getting short, I believe that it will be the best plan
to give up the proposed steamboat excursion. This is a great grief to me, as I
have long contemplated such a scheme, and am much gratified at its acceptance
by the Field Club. Should I survive to see another summer, provided my health
has not altogether broken down, I shall have great pleasure in renewing the
offer. -Yours sincerely, W. H. HUDLESTON.
The PRESIDENT also expressed regret at Mr. Hudleston's
illness, and then in terms of warm appreciation he expressed
the gratitude of the Club to Miss Weld, Mr. Chas. Weld
Blundell, and Mr. Henry Duke for all their kindnesses which
had made the day so successful and pleasant.
Tea was, at Miss Weld's kind invitation, enjoyed in the open
air, the tables being spread on the lawn, and then the party
drove back to Wool Station.
xlvii.
SECOND SUMMER MEETING.
WIMBOKNE, BADBUKY RINGS, AND KINGSTON LACY.
THE SECOND SUMMER MEETING was held on July
There was an exceptionally large party present, numbering about
190, which establishes a record in the annals of the Club.
WIMBORNE MINSTER.
Wimborne was the rendezvous, and, on arrival at the Minster,
the Rev. THOMAS PERKINS, Rector of Turnworth, and author of
of a handbook on the church, read the following paper :
Of all the churches of Dorset connected with religious houses, Wimborne
Minster has been the most fortunate. Of Cistercian Bindon scarcely anything
remains, save a few low ruined walls covered with ivy, Cerne Abbas may still
boast of a splendid barn, a fine gatehouse, and some parts of the domestic
buildings incorporated in a farmhouse ; but no part of the church can be seen.
The still finer barn and a few unimportant remains is all that is left of Abbots -
bury. Shaftesbury has fared still worse. Of the great nunnery founded by
the greatest of the West Saxon Kings, Alfred, nothing was pointed out to me
when I went to live at Shaftesbury, more than a quarter of a century ago,
except some massive walls, reputed to be part of those that once surrounded the
convent grounds ; the site of the church was known, but the foundation lay
hidden beneath some gardens. These have been recently uncovered, and now we
can clearly trace the outline of the church. Of Milton Abbey, founded by
Athelstan, that portion of the fourteenth century church which was begun, though
never finished, after the deplorable fire which had destroyed its predecessor,
stands in surroundings of surpassing beauty. Sherborne, the church of the
cathedral city of the diocese carved off by Ina from the greater diocese which
comprised the whole of the West Saxon kingdom, after having its Bishop's stool
removed to Old Sarum, and having become only the Abbey Church of a
Benedictine Monastery, suffered from a fire caused by riots that originated in a
dispute between the monks and the laity ; and what we see to-day is mainly a
Perpendicular church, which was saved from destruction by the people of the
parish buying it from Sir John Horsey, to whom it had been granted. The
church of Wimborne Minster has had a happier history, and to-day you see a
building which, since its erection in Norman times, has never been swept away,
though, as occasion required, it was altered and added to ; but these solid tower
arches, the massive pillars of the eastern end of the nave, and the greater part of
the tower show by their style that they were built in Norman times. The
church has never ceased to be used for worship, and this day it may boast, in my
xlvili. WIMBORNE, BADBURY, AND KINGSTON MEETING.
opinion, of being the finest and most interesting church of Dorset if I dare
express that opinion in the presence of our worthy Hon. Secretary, who may
perhaps put in a like claim for his own Abbey Church of Milton. But why is this
church of Wimbome called a Minster ? The usually accepted derivation of the
word minster is " monasterium " a monastery, and therefore, in strictness, we
should use the word ' ' minster " in cases like that of Westminster, where the church
once belonged to a monastic body. But the word was, and is, more loosely used,
in some places, of any church something more than parochial. The Archbishop's
Cathedral Church at York is often spoken of as York Minster ; and this church at
"Wimbome, which is now a parish church, but was once a collegiate church
belonging to a dean and a body of canons, is also called a minster. Old as the
oldest parts of this building are, it was not the first that stood in this town ;
whether on the same site or not is uncertain. In the days of the great Christian
King of the West Saxons, Ilia, who was on the throne 1 ,200 years ago, for he reigned
from 688 to 725, the first church was founded by one of his sisters, St. Cuthberga,
as she is generally called.* No trace of this first church remains. It was
probably swept away by the "heathens of the northern sea," who before the
end of the eighth century made their appearance on the English shores.
Ethelred I., brother and immediate predecessor of Alfred on the West Saxon
throne, was buried here. If Alfred restored the old religious house in honour of
his brother, we do not know, but a king of the name of Edward, probably
"Edward the Uiiconquered,'' son and successor of Alfred, founded a house of
secular canons here. It is mentioned m Domesday Book as a collegiate church
and a deanery in charters of Henry III. It continued to exist till 1547, when
the religious house was dissolved, and it became a royal peculiar under three
priest vicars, elected by the Corporation. This three-vicar system continued till
1876. The oldest part of the church is the centre, namely, the tower and its
supports. You will notice the nearly semi-circular form of the Norman arches,
nearly but not quite semi -circular, for since a wider space has to be spanned on
* Mention must be made of a saint better known in Germany than in England,
Walburga or Walpurgis. Born in Sussex, niece of St. Boniface, she was
educated at Wimborne, took the veil and remained here for 27 years ; then, at her
uncle's request, she started with some other nuns to found religious houses in
Germany. In 752 she founded one at Bischofsheim. In 754 she became Abbess of
Heidenheim in her brother Wilibald's diocese, and another of her brothers was
Abbot of a monastery there. He died in 760, and Walburga took charge of his
house, in addition to her own, till her death in 779. She was buried in a cave
near Eichstiidt, Wilibald's cathedral city. From this cave a bitumenous oil
exuded, which was afterwards known as St. Walpurgis' oil, and was supposed to
have miraculous properties. She is commemorated on May Day, a festival
previously kept with heathen ceremonial to celebrate the birth of summer ; some
of these heathen rites survived. All readers of Goethe's Faust will remember
how the witches of the Harz mountains kept " Walpurgis' night."
WIMBORNE, BADBURY, AND KINGSTON MEETING, xlix.
the eastern and western faces than on the southern and northern, the arches in
the two first had to have their centres depressed, while the other two are rather
more than semi -circles, and have a horseshoe shape, as it is called. This was
done to make their crowns all of the same height, the capitals from which they
spring all being on one level. No doubt the choir was built first, but this, as
was usual in Norman times, was small and had an apsidal ending. It is
generally held that the original nave did not extend so far westward as the
present one, the two westernmost bays being of fourteenth century work. The
transept was narrow and shorter than now, but there was a chapel beyond the
southern end, the lower part of the present wall is the outside wall of this.
The upper storey ot the tower is rather later than the lower, for the lower has
round-headed single arches, while intersecting arches are seen above. The
heavy parapet and corner pinnacles are, of course, much more recent. The
church grew outwards in every direction. And it is not difficult to approximate
to the date of these extensions. The upper part of the tower, the outer walls of
which are decorated with intersecting arches, dates from about the middle of the
twelfth century. The date of the altered choir and added presbytery is fixed by
the character of the east window, which shows indication of the change from
Early English to the plate tracery of the Decorated. The windows of the aisles
and the two western bays of the nave are fourteenth century work, and the
western tower proclaims its date to be about the middle of the fifteenth century.
This second tower, arranged in tandem fashion with the early one, is an
uncommon feature. Many churches have two western towers, some in addition
to, some without any completed central towers. Exeter and Ottery St. Mary
have two towers rising at opposite ends of the transept. Ely Cathedral Church
had two arranged as here ; the central one fell, and its place was taken by the
existing lantern. At Hereford, where a similar arrangement existed, the western
tower fell, and was not rebuilt, so that, as far as I know, Wimborne and
Wymondham are unique in this respect. The arrangement is not a satisfactory
one, and never became common. The raised presbytery gives an air of importance
to the east end ; below its floor is a crypt which you should all visit. The oaken
benches which take the place of altar rails are unique. The use of the houseling
linen which covers them is very ancient. I once heard a cleric say that if he
were vicar here he would soon have those horrid benches removed and proper
rails put in their places. That no such vandal may ever be vicar of Wimborne
must be the prayer of all archaeologists such as you are. The brass of Ethelred,
not, of course, contemporary with Alfred, demands your attention, and the
beautiful altar tomb of John Beaufort (nephew of Cardinal Beaufort), and his
wife, Margaret, Duke and Duchess of Somerset, father and mother of the Lady
Margaret, who founded Christ's and St. John's Colleges at Cambridge, to whom
I feel a debt of personal gratitude, as I held at one time a Lady Margaret Scholar-
ship at the former college. The relic chest, carved from a solid block of oak, and
the Etricke tomb will both be found in the south choir aisle. This Etricke was
Recorder of Poole, and he it was who committed the Duke of Monmouth for
trial. He desired to be buried neither inside nor outside the church, and got
I, WIMBORNE, BADBURY, AND KINGSTON MEETING.
permission to cut out a space for his coffin in the wall. Moreover, he not
only built himself the coffin of slate, but dated it beforehand, having an idea that
he would die in 1691, but, as a matter of fact, he did not die till 1703. Hence
the two dates you may see on the coffin. He left money to the church to keep
the niche and coffin in order, hence the neat appearance they wear to-day. The
renaissance Uvedale Monument (carved by an Italian sculptor) in the north aisle
is a good example of its age ; but I think few will consider that the Beaufort
tomb is not a far more fitting memorial to the dead. Three more objects demand
your attention : The Norman font, the clock in the western tower, made by
Peter Lightfoot, a Glastonbury monk in the fourteenth century (you can see
the face, on which is indicated the time of day and the age of the moon) and
also the library, with its books chained to the shelves on which they stand in such
a way that they can be moved for reading, but not removed from the room. A
similar library exists at Hereford. As you leave the church you should notice on
the north face of the western tower a figure, worked by the clock already
mentioned, which strikes the quarter -hours upon two bells.
Mr. WALTER FLETCHER, F.R.I.B.A., added a few words
calling special attention to the beautiful Altar Tomb, on the
south side of the chancel, which was erected by the celebrated
Lady Margaret, Countess of Richmond, and mother of Henry
VII., upon which he and Mrs. Fletcher had prepared a paper,
which was, he feared, too long to read on this occasion.
The PRESIDENT, having expressed the thanks of the Club to
the Vicar (the Rev. J. M. J. Fletcher) for receiving the party,
and to Mr. Perkins and to Mr. W. Fletcher, the party proceeded,
under the guidance of Mr. Perkins, to inspect the various objects
of interest which he had mentioned.
At the brass of Ethelred the HON. SEC. observed that brass
rubbers often came to the Minster to rub this brass, it being the
only brass to a king in England (see illustration].
BADBURY RINGS.
The party next drove on to Badbury Rings (see illustration].
Here Mr. WALTER FLETCHER made a few observations upon the
Rings.
This very interesting earthwork differs materially from other entrenched works
in the county of Dorset, and on this account it has been called by Dr. Smart an
antiquarian puzzle. Its plan is circular, and in this and several other ways it
THE ETHELRED BRASS IN WIMBORNE
MINSTER.
[From H. Druitt's Manual of Costume
(De La More Press).}
s
s
WIMBORNE, BADBURY, AND KINGSTON MEETING. ll.
somewhat resembles Old Sarum, which is undoubtedly of Celtic origin. So
Badbury may, without question, be assigned to the same era. The entrench-
ments consist of three concentric ramparts of chalk, flanked by corresponding
ditches of considerable depth and width. The fortification had two entrances
one on the east, in almost a straight line, and one on the west, with much more
extensive works of protection. Both Mr. Warne and Dr. Smart agree that the
central portion of Badbury Rings is of Celtic origin, answering to Caesar's
description of the British oppidum, or place of refuge in case of invasion, for the
tribes living in the immediate neighbourhood. The name appears to have been
derived from the Celtic word "Bad " or " Abad," meaning habitation or town.
Both these authorities also concur in thinking that the two outer ramparts are of
more recent date. Dr. Smart suggests that the middle one, with its rampart and
ditch, may be the work of the Eomans, and that the third or exterior area may
have been added by the Saxons. Leland speaks of it evidently from hearsay :
" The Saxon Kings had hard by the town of Wimburne a castelle now caulled
Bad Byri, but clerely down the ditches, hills, and site thereof, be yet evidently
seene." Aubrey says of it : " Bad Bury Campe is very great, but it is a rude
oblong fortification with double and treble works, ramparts, and groffes ; there-
fore, I affirm it to be no Roman camp." The area of Badbury is about 18 acres
in extent, and the length of the outer circle of the fortification is just under a
mile. This part of England was, in the Celtic times, inhabited by the Durotriges,
who, as the name implies, were "dwellers by the water," and whose territory
extended along the coast from the mouth of the River Avon at Christchurch to
the Axe at Seaton, and from the coast inland to the chain of hills that form a
natural protection on the north. The Roman Road from Sarum (Sorbiodunum) to
Dorchester (Durnovaria) passed close to Badbury Rings. It is known as Ackling
Dyke, or Iceniana, or Icenway, and another Roman road from Hamworthy
(Moriano), probably to Bath or the Bristol Channel, past on the east side of
Badbury, traces of which can still be seen. Mr. Fletcher added that Mrs. Bankes,
of Kingston Lacy, had kindly had a section of the Roman Road near the house
opened up. They were rather disappointed in finding that it was not a metalled
road. Mr. Le Jeune kindly helped him in the work.
The PRESIDENT said he remembered on the occasion of the
last visit of the Club to Kingston Lacy many years ago going
with Mr. Mansel-Pleydell and a small party along the Roman
Road. His impression was that it was metalled in parts. His
memory was of a track across a ploughed field thickly strewn
with flints. Mr. FLETCHER replied that the part on the
Hamworthy side certainly was metalled ; but he had never
seen any metalled on this side. A question being raised as to
the possibility of distinguishing between Roman roads and
111. WIMBORNE, BADBURY, AND KINGSTON MEETING.
British trackways, Mr. ALFRED POPE remarked that Roman
roads were nearly all consolidated, as if wheels had been driven
over them, whereas British trackways were deeply sunk in the
soil, did not go straight, and had been used only for pack
horses. Captain ELWES observed that there was some ambiguity
about the term " Roman roads." When it was used they
generally thought of the Roman military roads ; but besides
these there were the limit 'es, or Roman lanes, dividing the
country into estates of about 240 acre- Traces of these limites
were not entirely obliterated ; and it was possible that in a
county so unsophisticated as Dorset many farms might still
be of the same dimension, and delimited in the same manner, as
in Roman times. The Rev. E. HERIZ SMITH mentioned the
tradition that Badbury Rings was the Mount Badon where King
Arthur beat back the pagan invaders. The PRESIDENT again
thanked Mr. Fletcher for his kind assistance.
A short business meeting was then held, at which four members
were elected and six candidates for membership nominated.
KINGSTON LACY.
On arriving at Kingston Lacy, the party were welcomed by
Mrs. Bankes, and Mr. VV. Albert Bankes, who acted as the Club's
cicerone.
Mr. BA.NKES said that his first duty, and a pleasant one, was, in the name of
Mrs. Bankes, to welcome the Dorset Field Club and all their friends to Kingston
Lacy. Kingston Lacy, continued Mr. Bankes, takes its name from its ancient
owners, the Lacys, Earls of Lincoln, who held it with Shapwick and Blandford.
Lying two miles north-west of Wimborne Minster, it has been the seat of the
Bankes family since 1660, in which year of the Restoration it was built by Sir
Ealph Bankes on the supposed site of a palace the West Saxon kings, and after
designs bequeathed by Inigo Jones. The plan of the well-proportioned suite of
reception rooms and the principal arrangements of the interior remain now nearly
the same as originally ; but the whole of the exterior, formerly of red brick with
stone coigns, was between the years 1834 and 18 14 faced over with Caen stone
and embellished with decorations and details in the purest Italian style. This was
done under the care of the late William John Bankes, M.P. for the University
of Cambridge, with the assistance of the late Sir Charles Barry, E.A., then a rising
WIMBORNE, BADBURY, AND KINGSTON MEETING. liii.
architect of the day. Mr. Bankes began his extensive alterations immediately
upon the death of his (the speaker's) grandfather, and upon his accession to the
property in 1834. Mr. Albert Bankes then invited the party to enter the entrance
hall and follow him up the handsome staircase of white Carrara marble, 30 feet
wide, which leads to the second floor. This staircase, he stated, was copied by his
uncle, William John Bankes, from that at Wolf eton House, near Dorchester. Leave
must have been given by the Trenchard family, to whom Wolf eton then belonged.
The rooms on the first floor are the library, the drawing room, the large dining-
room, the small dining room (commonly called the Spanish room), and the
saloon. On the first landing Mr. Bankes called attention to the three cleverly-
executed statues by Baron Marochetti of King Charles I. and his loyal subjects,
Sir John Bankes and his wife, the celebrated "Brave Dame Mary of Corfe
Castle." The bronze bas-relief at the foot of the statue of King Charles I. was
designed by the late Mr. H. N. Bankes. The original cast, skilfully restored by
Mr. Charles S. Prideaux, was presented last month by Mr. E. E. Bankes to the
Dorset County Museum, where it may now be seen. Sir John Bankes, the guide
stated, was the first member of the Bankes family to migrate into Dorsetshire
from Cumberland, where at Keswick the old manor house still stands, decorated
with the armorial bearings of the Bankes family. Sir John bought Corfe Castle
in 1635 from Lady Elizabeth Coke. In January, 1640, he was made Lord Chief
Justice, and followed King Charles from Westminster to York, having left Lady
Bankes to defend the castle at Corfe. Sir John died in 1644 at Oxford, and was
buried in the Cathedral of Christ Church, where a monument with a Latin
inscription was erected to his memory. In Kuislip Church, county Middlesex,
was a monument to Lady Bankes, who was the only daughter of Ealph Hawtrey,
of that place. It stated that she "bore with courage above her sex a noble
proportion of the late calamities, and had the happiness to outlive them so far as
to see the restitution of the Government. She died on April llth, 1661."
Conducting the party into the library, Mr. Bankes observed that Kingston Lacy
had long been famous for its very valuable collection of pictures. Among them
were the portraits by Cornelius Jansen of Ealph Hawtrey and his wife, the
parents of Lady Bankes, and the portraits by Van Dyck. Besides their intrinsic
value as genuine and fine works by masters of such reputation, they were doubly
interesting as having formerly decorated the now shattered walls of Corfe Castle.
These pictures, Mr. Bankes continued, were fortunately rescued, and, with the
keys of the gates of Corfe Castle, which "Brave Dame Mary " never yielded up,
they are, besides the bare ruined walls of Corfe, the only relics still remaining of
that once stately castle. He pointed to the keys, hanging over the mantelpiece.
Calling attention to some of the most interesting pictures, Mr. Bankes said it was
uncertain who was the painter of the four pictures of SS. Ambrose, Augustine,
Jerome, and Gregory; but they were attributed to Denis Calvart, one of the
Caracci, or some other leading master of the Bolognese School. Seven family
portraits by Sir Peter Lely were painted in the house. Sir Joshua Eeynolds, who
paid a visit to Kingston Lacy in company with Dr. Johnson, declared that " he
never fully appreciated Sir Peter Lely till he had seen these portraits." The
liv. WIMBORNE, BADBURY, AND KINGSTON MEETING.
ceiling picture, painted in fresco, representing Day and Night as colossal figures
divided by Twilight, was by Guido Reni, and came from the Zampieri Palace at
Bologna. It was notable as being the first picture on which was ever tried the
experiment of transferring fresco to canvas.
Leading the party from the library into the drawing-room, Mr. Albert Bankes
observed that they would notice on the upper cornice the motto of the Bankes
family, Yelle quod vult Dem " Wish what God wishes." The picture he first
called special attention to was the full-length portrait of his grandmother by
Romney. Periodically it was taken up to London and lent to the Exhibition of
Old Masters at Burlington House. The portrait of Mrs. Woodley, mother of
Mrs. Bankes, by Sir Joshua Reynolds, was deservedly admired. ^ He also pointed
to the portraits by Van Dyck of Sir John and Lady Borlase. Sir John Borlase,
one of the Lords Justices of Ireland, was M.P. for Corfe Castle in 1641, and Lady
Borlase was the eldest daughter of Sir John Bankes. The portraits of Mrs.
Ridclell and the Countess of Falmouth were by Sir Thomas Lawrence. He called
especial attention to the collection of miniature portraits of Queen Elizabeth and
the principal members of her Court, enamelled on copper by the celebrated artist,
Henry Bone, R.A. By this means the figures and features of the individual
characters would be preserved and handed down to future ages when the canvases
from which they had been copied should long have perished.
Conducting the party next to the great dining-room, Mr. Bankes pointed first
to the organ, and drew attention to the doors made of boxwood by a celebrated
carver at Siena in 1854. Under the carpets was marked the spot where formerly
stood the bed on which the illustrious James, Duke of Ormond, breathed his last
in 1688. Mr. Bankes added the interesting statement that Sir Ralph Bankes,
who was knighted at Canterbury in 1660, married the daughter of John Brune,
of Athelhampton. He died in 1679, and during the minority of his son, John,
the Duke of Ormond rented Kingston Lacy until his death in 1688. As to the
pictures adorning the walls, Mr. Bankes first drew attention to the unfinished
picture of " The Judgment of Solomon," by Giorgone. Dr. Waagen, the
eminent German art critic and author of " Art Treasures in England," said he
considered this to be the most important of the whole collection. It was
purchased by the speaker's uncle, the late Mr. W. J. Bankes, M.P., by the
advice of Lord Byron, his most intimate college friend. Lord Byron considered
the face of the pleading mother in this picture to be the perfection of female
loveliness. The party admired the wonderful drawing of the four subjects from
Ovid's " Metamorphoses." These pictures, as Mr. Bankes observed, k>ok like
tapestry, but are simply painted on canvas.
The party were next shown into the smaller dining-room, which, from its
pictures and from the Spanish leather on the walls, has always been known as
the Spanish Room. Mr. Baukes quoted the words of Dr. Waagen from his
work already mentioned, " I know of no other collection in England containing
so many valuable pictures of the Spanish school." The author also called
particular attention to the gilt and crimson leather wall hangings. The glorious
painted ceiling, by Paul Veronese, was brought whole, as it now appears, from
WIMBORNE, BADRURY, AND KINGSTON MEETING. Iv.
the Contarini Palace at Venice. Pointing to that beautiful example of Murillo's
work, the beggar boys eating fruit, of which favourite picture there is
more than one repetition in other galleries, Mr. Bankes stated that it
was bought in Spain by his ancestor, Mr. John Bankes in the year 1657,
while Murillo was still alive, but whether direct from the artist himself was
unknown. Another rare treasure in this room was the original sketch by
Velasquez of ' ' Las Meninas (The Maids of Honour) for the large picture which
he had seen in the Eoyal Gallery at Madrid, and of which he had a small copy at
Wolfeton House. The only difference between the sketch and the large picture
was that in the large picture there appeared a cross of knighthood on the breast
of Velasquez, and Mr. Bankes told the charming anecdote which explains the
discrepancy. The King of Spain, on first seeing the large picture, was so
delighted with it that, calling Velasquez, he said "Lend me your red paint brush.
Your picture is excellent, but requires a couple of touches." The King then
painted a cross on the chest of Velasquez, thereby knighting the successful artist
there and then. The little angel, with a Cardinal's hat, also has a history. It
was found in the knapsack on a dead French soldier's back on one of the battle-
fields in Spain, and had evidently been cut from some large altar piece. In the
three doors the six upper panels represented emblems of spring and summer
and the six lower panels emblems of autumn and winter. The original designs
were drawn by his uncle, Mr. W. J. Bankes, and executed by Italians in Italy.
Leading the way into the saloon, Mr. Bankes explained that until 1835 it was
the entrance hall, and reached from the outside by means of a flight of broad
stone steps, such as exist at present at Kingston House, near Dorchester,
belonging to Mr. J. Herbert Benyon. The ceiling was painted by Italians. The
pictures are of exceptional value and interest. Mr. Bankes pointed out the
portraits by Van Dyck of Charles I. and his Queen, Henrietta Maria, and their
three children, afterwards Charles II., James II., and the Princess of Orange,
and Eichard Weston, Earl of Portland, Lord Treasurer to Charles I. and a great
personal friend of Chief Justice Bankes. Next he mentioned the portrait of Mr.
Altharn, painted as a hermit at Naples by Salvator Eosa. Mr. Altham was a
cousin of Sir Ealph Bankes, whose brother, Jerome, he accompanied on his
travels through Italy. This picture was believed to be the only portrait of any
Englishman by Salvator Eosa in existence. Mr. Bankes, with a quite unneces-
sary apology for " taxing the patience" of the party, next drew attention to a
few more unrivalled paintings. The first was by Eaffaelle, "The Virgin and
Holy Children," known as "La Madonna della Euina," cited by Vasari as
having been painted by Eaffaelle for the Duke of Urbino. It afterwards became
the property of King Charles I., whose crown and cypher (the mark of his
private collection) still remain stamped on the back. The tvro portraits flanking
the fireplace, one on either side, were perhaps the most refined and finished
pictures ever painted by Peter Paul Eubens. Both were purchased by Mr.
Baukes in Genoa from the Grimaldi Palace. Lastly, also by Eubens, was a
lovely group of four children playing with pigeons beneath a rich festoon of
fruits and flowers by Snyders.
Ivi. WIMBORNE, BADBURY, AND KINGSTON MEETING.
Having finished the inspection of the interior, the party, still under Mr.
Bankes' guidance, proceeded to view the exterior of the house from the south or
garden front. While they were standing on the terrace Mr. Bankes stated that
the wine cellars were built under the entire length of it. When his eldest
brother succeeded to the property in 1856 he discovered a portion of the cellar
bricked up and full of port wine, which had lain there unobserved for many
years. A large percentage of the bottles had become uncorked from age ; but
where the cork had remained firm the wine was quite perfect. From the terrace
they could observe that the house was built on the side of a hill. The garden
side is on the level of the top of the hill, whereas the entrance is at the bottom.
The party moved from the terrace to see the Egyptian obelisk, noticing by the
way the vases and well-heads of red Siena marble, bronze lions from Hercu-
laneum, a large Egyptian granite sarcophagus, and two well-heads copied from
Italian ones and sent over between 1850 and 1860 by Mr. W. J. Bankes. The
Egyptian obelisk was brought from the Island of Philoe in 1819. It was of the
total height of 30ft. S^in. As stated by inscriptions on metal round the base,
Mr. W. J. Bankes, M.P., caused the obelisk and the pedestal (from which it had
fallen) to be removed under the direction of Belzoni from the Isle of Philoe,
beyond the first cataract of the Nile, and brought the platform from the ruins of
Hiera-Sycaminon, in Nubia. The inscription on the obelisk and pedestal
recorded their dedication to King Ptolemy Euergetes II. and two Cleopatras, his
Queens, who authorised the priests of Isis, in the Isle of Philoe, to erect them
(about 150 years before Christ) as a perpetual memorial of exemption from
taxation.
On the way from the obelisk to the lawn for tea Mr. Bankes pointed out the
cedars planted by the Duke of Wellington and, in line with these memorials of
the " Iron Duke," that planted by King Edward last autumn.
At Mrs. Bankes' invitation the party then partook of tea ; after
which many of the party accompanied Mr. Fletcher to the
further side of the Park to examine the section that had been
opened by Mrs. Bankes on the site of the Roman Road. The
raised track was clearly visible, but no signs of any pitched or
even gravelled road could be found. This trackway, which is
spoken of by Dr. Smart, was most likely used for watering stock,
it being the shortest line from Badbury to Barford.
Before leaving Kingston Lacy, the PRESIDENT, in the name of
the Club, assured Mrs. Bankes of their hearty appreciation of
her hospitable reception, and also thanked Mr. Albert Bankes
for so ably and agreeably acting as guide.
Ivii.
THIRD SUMMER MEETING.
FKOME AND LONGLEAT.
THE LAST OUTDOOR MEETING of the season was held on
August ayth. The party numbered between 60 and 70.
Arriving at Frome, the first place visited was the Church of S.
John the Baptist, which, if tradition is true, was founded about
680 by S. Aldhelm. One of the chief mementos of the Saint, in
the church, is a richly-carved stone built into the wall a
portion, so Bishop Browne, of Bristol, declares, of the base of
the cross erected at Frome during the translation of the body of
S. Aldhelm. He was carried to Malmesbury, and at every
halting-place a cross was set up. The chalice and paten of
Bishop Ken, and also his tomb, were viewed with much interest
by the members present.
A section of the party next proceeded to Mr. Singer's house
to see his collection of old English drinking-glasses, book
plates, jewellery, German and Flemish processional crosses, &c.
The other section visited Messrs. Singer's art metal works.
Luncheon was partaken of at the George Hotel, Captain Elwes
presiding in the absence of the President.
The party then drove to Longleat, the seat of the Marquess
of Bath, and were conducted over the "show" rooms by the
housekeeper, who pointed out the many features of interest.
On the return to Frome a short business meeting was held,
at which six members were elected and four candidates for
membership nominated.
The party then drove to the station and took the 5.26 train for
Dorset.
Iviii.
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( Read May 16th, 1906.)
COMMENCE my Address with an expression of deep
regret at the number of our friends who have
passed away since our last annual meeting, some
of whom were so frequently seen amongst us in
this room on these occasions. Mr. C. W. Dale
was an original member of our Club and (I
believe I am correct in saying so) the last survivor
of those who contributed the papers contained in
our first volume of Proceedings. We have had
other communications, both natural history and antiquarian,
from his pen, and he has also published " The History of
Glanvilles Wootton," "The History of British Butterflies," and
" The Lepidoptera of Dorset," as independent works, besides
numerous notes in the entomological magazines. In a general
all-round knowledge of insects there are few entomologists of
the present day who could compete with him, most of them
confining their attention to one or perhaps two orders, and his
fine collections made by his father, but much added to by
himself, and which are left to Oxford, can only be regarded
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixi.
as an irretrievable loss to this county. Many of us will remember
the Club's last visit to Glanvilles Wootton in iqoo and the
samples of the 377 drawers of British insects displayed by our
kind host. I have personally many pleasant memories of
expeditions in his company, by day and night, to Portland and
elsewhere after moths.
The Rev. W. R. Waugh, F.R.A.S., was an astronomer of some
note, and was for years the head and editor of a band of more
than 40 observers of the planet Jupiter, a paper on which he
contributed to our Proceedings, as well as one on Nova Persei
(1901) and others. In spite of his great age his enthusiasm
for his science was undiminishd, and he had always something
interesting to tell us about the stars, the zodiacal light, or other
strange phenomena. His last communication was on the subject
of the lunar cross which was seen by Mrs. Richardson and my-
self, and illustrated in our last volume. What deep interest
he would have taken in the new dark spot which has just
appeared on Jupiter, in addition to the red spot he observed so
often.
Miss Dansey's genial presence will be greatly missed by all her
friends. She took an enthusiastic interest in various branches of
archaeology, especially coins.
Though the other members whose loss I record did not often
attend our meetings, they all took an interest in the Club, and
helped us in various ways.
We have been indebted to the late Earl of Ilchester on more
than one occasion for allowing us to see his interesting house at
Melbury, and to visit his gardens and swannery at Abbotsbury.
Mr. Alfred Pass, a well-informed antiquarian, was a benefactor to
the County Museum, and would doubtless have taken more part in
the work of our Club had it not been for ill-health and remote-
ness of residence. Captain Payne-Gallwey, a man of high
attainments, and Sir Richard Howard had no leisure to give
more than a general support to the objects of the Club.
I regret that I omitted last year to allude to the death of Dr.
Turner, of Poole, whom I remember in 1887 as our guide in that
Ixii. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
town at the first meeting of the Club at which I had the honour
to be present. He possessed much general antiquarian and
natural history information, but had little time in which to
increase or impart it. Of those not actually members of our
Club, I would mention but two who have been taken from us.
One is Dr. W. T. Blanford, F.R.S., a man of high scientific
position as a geologist and zoologist, who has occasionally been
present at our meetings, and is doubtless, known personally to
some of us. The other is the Rev. S. J. Johnson, F.R.A.S., late
Vicar of Melplash, near Bridport, well-known for his writings on
eclipses and other astronomical subjects.
The list in Vol. XXVI. shows that we have still amongst us 18
original members. From these we must now deduct two, one
being the late Mr. Dale, the other having been included by
mistake. On the other hand there are three original members
who are not so specified in the list, Mr. Darell (formerly Darell-
Stephens), Mr. W. J. Fletcher, and, lastly, one whose valuable
work in the Club I can, perhaps, appreciate better than anyone
else ; I mean my predecessor in the office of hon. secretary and
editor, the Hon. Morton J. Stuart-Gray, then known as Morton
J. Stuart. If you will look back at some of the earlier volumes
of Proceedings you will see how much we are indebted to him
for methods and ideas which have been acted upon by his
successors, and now form the groundwork of the rules under
which we exist. We have, therefore, at the present time 19
original members.
I now proceed to mention a few of the more important
advances in science which have taken place since my last
address.
ZOOLOGY.
One of the most practical ways in which the science of zoology
has benefited the human race of late years has been in the
discoveries made in regard to the life history of those minute
organisms which are associated with various diseases both of
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixiii.
man and beast. At the British Association meeting this year in
South Africa, a paper was read by Colonel Bruce, giving much
information on the various diseases of stock in South Africa,
connected with these organisms, and the best means of com-
bating them. In some cases the parasite passes one stage of its
existence in the body of a tick, and is thus conveyed to the
animal to which the tick attaches itself ; in others it is conveyed
by a fly. In several instances a great difficulty in stamping out
the disease is caused by the fact that the wild animals harbour
and propagate the parasites, though they do not suffer from
them like the domestic ones, just as the natives propagate
the parasites of malaria without harm to themselves. Sleeping
sickness and other human diseases are produced in a similar way,
and much progress is also being made in the knowledge of them.
Another difficulty in some of these diseases is that the parasites
cannot be discovered, and are supposed to be too small to be
seen by our microscopes. The parasite of yellow fever, for
instance, has never been seen, though there can be little doubt
that it exists. Many new protozoal parasites, including various
new species of trypanosomes, have been discovered during the
past year, and it is to be hoped that in time many of the
diseases they produce will, like malaria, be brought under some
control. Malta fever has received much attention in the last year,
two suspected causes being goat's milk and certain gnats. Even
paralysis has now been stated to be caused by a bacillus ; if so,
confirmation will, no doubt, be forthcoming. May we, v/hilst we
study the scientific aspect of these diseases, take a practical
lesson from the wonderful immunity from them, especially enteric
fever, enjoyed by the Japanese army in their late campaign,
which was entirely due to the careful attention to details of their
medical officers, and the way in which their instructions were
conformed to by the troops.
The researches of Professor Jennings, published during last
year, show that even amongst these lowest living creatures there
are evidences of intelligence which it will be, perhaps, more easy
to realise when we consider that it is not so long ago that
Ixiv. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
anything beyond " instinct" was entirely denied to exist in the
brute creation.
Another effort has been made to prove the existence of
spontaneous generation, but the evidence is unsatisfactory, as is
also that in favour of mutation or the sudden development of
new species from the seed or young of existing plants or animals,
which has also been again lately brought forward. Much has
been written, especially in the newspapers, about radiobes, or
certain bodies developed by the action of radium on gelatin,
which, beginning in the form of bubbles, expand, and seem to
contain a nuclear structure, and after about a fortnight begin
to break up and disappear. It had been suggested that these
partook to some extent of the nature of living organisms, but the
suggestion has not been favourably received, and there is still no
evidence whatever of the development of a living organism from
non-living matter.
The recent research carried out by the survey ship, " Investi-
gator," in the Indian Ocean has added to our knowledge of the
great sea depths and their inhabitants. For instance, of 75
deep sea holothurians collected, no less than 60 are new to
science, a proportion which it would be impossible to rival in
any group in most parts of the world at the present day.
In regard to insects, the British Museum has received a
valuable bequest in the collection of beetles of the late Mr. A.
Fry, containing about 72,000 species. Some work has been
done towards mitigating the injuries caused by insects, and it is
interesting to note how sometimes they suddenly change their
usual habits, as in the case of Rhyphus fenestralis, the com-
mon and harmless window fly, so often looked upon as a
venomous gnat from a superficial resemblance, the larvae of
which were found in one case to be destructive to honeycomb,
though they usually feed on a much less attractive substance
(cow manure). The newspapers gave various theories as to the
origin of a plague of flies at Cardiff last May. They belonged
to the English species Dilophus febrilis, always common, but
then, through favourable conditions, in swarms.
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixv.
Experiments made by Mr. H. Pie'ron pointed to recognition
amongst ants being caused by an olfactory sense in the antennae.
He anointed the ants of one community with an infusion of the
ants of a second communicy, by which latter they were then
treated as friends. He also found that an ant deprived of
antennae attacked friends and foes alike. A most careful
observer, Father Wassman, who has just published the results of
his work, denies intelligence to ants, though he speaks of the
marvellous sagacity of their animal instinct. He considers
Formica sanguined, a slave-making ant, the most gifted of the
European kinds, and records 2,000 nests of it in his neighbour-
hood, belonging to 410 communities. The tendency of slave-
making amongst ants is, however, to make them most helpless
beings, unable, in some cases, even to feed themselves.
To turn to vertebrates, I may notice the extraordinary
decrease of alligators in the past 25 years in the neighbourhood
of Florida where they used to swarm they are now almost
rare, owing chiefly to the demand for their leather, and to the
fact that they have no friends to move for their protection as in
the case of Newfoundland seals, where protection has been
most successful.
The number of known South African fresh water fishes is now
nearly 1,000, and Mr. Boulenger has shown what geological
lessons may be learnt from their distribution. For instance, the
great difference between the fishes of the Nile and Congo basins
points to a former separation, until quite recently, though these
systems now interlock. Fish do not vary much down the whole
length of the river, though the land animals at the mouth and
source may be quite distinct. From experiments lately made
it would appear that fish have no sense of hearing, loud ex-
plosions in water being unnoticed by them.
The first report of the British North Sea Investigations Com-
mittee, which has been at work for three years, has been
published, and deals with the hydrography of the North Sea,
catches of fish, their habits, migrations, and other matters. Of
1,463 plaice marked and liberated, no less than 287 have been
Ixvi. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
returned to the committee. The results of these experiments
show that the smaller fishes do not migrate much, but one larger
fish travelled 175 miles in six weeks, and another 210 miles in
eight months. They usually move southwards in winter, and
northwards in summer. Fish transplanted to the Dogger Bank
grew much faster than those which remained near the shore.
The early life history of eels is not well known, and the finding
of great numbers of these in the early stage, in which they have
received the name Leptocephalus, at a depth of 550 fathoms off
the Faroe Isles, is strong evidence that they breed there and
migrate thence, but further investigations will doubtless throw
more light on this obscure subject.
At the fourth International Ornithological Congress, held in
London last June, attention was called, amongst many other
matters, to the work accomplished throughout Hungary, similar
to that done by our members (alas, very few!), who record the
earliest and latest appearance of migratory birds. It has been
found that swallows take 105 days to complete their migration
from Gibraltar to Lulea, in North Sweden. Dorset is too small
to act alone in this matter, but, if similar records are kept by
other Field Clubs in this country, their united efforts would, no
doubt, add much to our knowledge of this subject. The
breeding places of the emperor penguin were discovered by the
National Antarctic Expedition. The bird lays but one egg,
which it incubates in a standing position, keeping the egg from
contact with the ice by resting it on its foot. Hatching takes
place in the coldest month of the year August.
In an address given at Adelaide it was stated that the starling
and sparrow are the most thoroughly established of European
birds in Victoria, the former being a great benefactor, the latter
not. Thrushes, blackbirds, and greenfinches have also estab-
lished themselves to a small extent, but the reverse is the case
with chaffinches, yellow-hammers, and siskins.
A New Zealand parrot, the Kea (Nestor notabilis], has for many
years suffered from the reproach that it kills sheep by pecking a
hole in their sides to get at the kidney fat. The subject was
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixvii.
discussed at a recent meeting of the Wellington Philosophical
Society, and it was then stated that investigations undertaken
independently by a number of New Zealand gentlemen showed
absolutely no evidence whatever of such a habit. This author-
itative statement has, however, brought forth what seems to be
reliable evidence that the Kea is, in some districts, most
destructive to sheep, though it would appear that it has no
special partiality for the kidney fat, but relishes any part of the
animal.
Extensive experiments have lately been conducted by Pro-
fessor Chittenden in America on man, and by Professor Schafer
in Europe on rats, in regard to diet. Both are omnivorous, and
the results are curiously similar. The human experiments on
the Professor, his colleagues, and numerous other volunteers
lasted many months, and showed that a much smaller allowance
of meat than most people think necessary is desirable. In the
case of rats a meat diet was distinctly harmful, that of bread and
skim milk being the best of those tried. It should be mentioned
that Professor Chittenden, at all events, is not a vegetarian.
The experiment of keeping tropical monkeys, which are very
liable to tuberculosis, in the open air has been tried at Dublin
with success, and an Indian species might have been seen lately
sitting happily in the snow. From two specially selected
Shetland and Welsh ponies Professor Ewart has succeeded in
obtaining a foal, which closely resembles the tarpan, the
Siberian wild horse a strong piece of evidence as to the origin
of these breeds. Several new mammals are described from the
Phillippines, the natural history of which is being vigorously
worked out by the Americans. A giant eland has also been
found in Central Africa, which was only known before by a pair
of horns.
Of less interest is the occurrence near Roscoif, in the English
Channel, of a rare whale (Kogia sp.), never before found in
European waters. The regeneration of a bony structure in the
Mammalia must be of very rare occurrence, as it has not been
hitherto recorded, but three specimens of dormice have now
Ixviii. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
been found showing this phenomenon. In these the twelfth
caudal vertebra, which had been originally broken across, had
grown out into a slender styliform appendix 3~5th inch in
length and i'25th inch in diameter. From these three specimens
it would seem that dormice are able to partly grow new tails,
like lizards, when they are broken off.
An interesting exhibition of old Natural History books has
lately been held at the British Museum (Natural History) in
South Kensington. Aristotle leads the way, followed by many
others, up to the time of Linnaeus.
BOTANY.
I do not think there is anything of an extremely important
nature in botanical science which has been discovered since our
last annual meeting. The chief subject discussed by the Inter-
national Botanical Congress at Vienna was that of botanical
nomenclature, which had been referred by a former Congress to
a committee. The year 1753, in which Linnaeus first established
his system of binomial names, was accepted as the earliest date
for priority, and other points were settled. It is greatly to be
wished that there might be some authority whose decision
should be unquestionable, to deal with this troublesome, though
necessary appendage to the study of Nature.
It is hoped that a discovery by Kohler may enable use to be
made of the ultra-violet rays in the microscopic examination
of living cells, so that we may be able to see in life those
differentiations of structure which have hitherto only been
perceptible by the action of stains on the tissues. Certain
portions are more opaque than others to these rays, whereas
ordinary light would show no distinction. This opens a wide
field of investigation, and will doubtless produce interesting
results.
A recently-published German book, by Professor Haberlandt,
deals with the light-perceiving organ of plants. He accounts
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixix.
for the fact of leaves turning themselves to the light by the
presence of transparent spots, which are practically lenses
concentrating the rays of light, or rudimentary eyes, and which
tend to look, so to speak, straight at the light, so as to receive
the greatest amount of it. When the leaf is immersed in water
this twisting movement ceases, owing, the author considers, to
these lenses ceasing to refract the light rays, through immersion
in a medium of equal refractive index. Some leaves, as
Tropceolum, are not wetted when immersed, but remain coated
with an air-film, and continue their movements, unless this
film is removed with dilute alcohol. Such leaves, as well as
those with a velvet surface, would not be affected in this
respect by rain. The important subject of tree diseases has
been taken up by the Board of Agriculture, who have lately
issued a series of coloured diagrams, showing 45 kinds of
diseases. Great loss may be prevented by timely recognition
and attention.
In regard to some of the lowest forms of plant life, a new
explanation of the movements of diatoms has lately been
proposed namely, that they are due to the emission of gas.
The idea was suggested by the very similar movements of a
lithia. tablet in water when giving off bubbles of gas " a sudden
advance in a straight line, a little hesitation, then other
rectilinear movements, and, after a short pause, a return upon
nearly the same path by similar movements." Further experi-
ments showed similar results.
GEOLOGY.
The determination of the length of periods of geological time
is a question which has received much attention, but which it
seems improbable will be ever satisfactorily determined. In his
address, as President of the British Association, Professor
George Darwin dealt with this subject, and stated that the
smallest possible age of the moon since its birth, based upon
Ixx. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
calculations of the effect of tidal friction, would be 60,000,000
years, but that the true age must be much greater, perhaps
500,000,000 to 1,000,000,000. This, though vague, is not
inconsistent with other modes of measurement which have been
adopted.
A severe earthquake took place in Italy and Sicily on
September 8th last, causing much damage to property and
loss of life. In many places all the houses were destroyed, and
in Stromboli, which was in eruption at the time, crevasses of a
yard wide and 20 long opened. On January 3ist, 1906, a violent
earthquake occurred in Columbia, the shocks continuing for
several days, and huge sea waves devastated the coast. The
seismographs in the Isle of Wight showed that some great
movement was taking place at 347 p.m. of our time, the
maximum occurring about 34 minutes later, and the earthquake
was felt by instruments, if not by the inhabitants, in all parts
of the world. This makes us realise, perhaps, more than
anything else, the enormous force of these greater earth-
quakes, which shake the whole earth. A connection has been
established between this earthquake and shocks in the West
Indies on February 1 6th, a similar sequence having happened in
1902.
Very severe earthquakes took place in Formosa on March i7th
and April i4th. Though the actual loss of life was probably
less, and the magnitude of the earthquake not greater, than those
I have mentioned, the recent catastrophe at San Francisco has
eclipsed them all in our minds. A great city, covering many
square miles, first torn by violent shocks, and then burning in a
way which we, in this country, have to go back to the Fire of
London to parallel, can hardly be realised in these civilised days,
but, the water mains being broken by the earthquake, there were
no means of stopping the progress of the conflagration. This
earthquake also, like most severe ones, was felt by instru-
ments all over the world. It may be of interest to mention
that a Milne seismograph was taken with the National Antarctic
Expedition, which recorded 156 distinct earthquakes, 73 of
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixxi.
them coming from a new submarine earthquake region to the
south-west of New Zealand. Some of these were noticed by the
English instruments, but I am not aware that any of them were
of sufficient magnitude to be personally felt by the Antarctic
explorers.
In April and May, 1905, Vesuvius was increasingly active, and
between May 25th and 27 th there were violent explosions
followed by streams of lava. The most violent eruption of
Vesuvius since 1872 took place, however, in April, 1906,
reaching its height on April 7th, when the sides of the cone
subsided and the streams of lava, which had already broken out,
greatly increased. Ashes fell in places a yard deep, and large
blocks were also ejected from the crater, the greatest damage
being sustained in parts to the north-east of the mountain,
where many houses collapsed owing to the weight on their
roofs.
The Rhymney Valley landslide, which has lately been brought
to public notice, is known to have been in progress for the last
50 years, but its movement has been so slow that the Rhymney
Railway, with a stone bridge over it, has only been carried about
10 feet in that period, and the bridge, though damaged, was
only replaced by an iron one three years ago. The moving
portion is a deposit, perhaps glacial, about 2,000 to 3,000 feet
broad, and not more than 20 feet thick ; but there have been
smaller landslips in the district of a more rapid nature, which
have done local damage. The fall of rock at Cheddar, on
February i4th last, was greatly exaggerated, and is of very little
importance. It is a matter for congratulation that a Royal
Commission is to investigate generally the encroachment of the
sea on our coasts, which is in some parts serious.
Superior coal of Eocene age has been found in the Philippines,
and will be worked by the Americans, and it is hoped that coal
may exist in Cretaceous beds in British New Guinea. With
regard to another form of carbon, I greatly regret that the great
diamond found in 1905, weighing i'37lb., has been cut into
more saleable smaller ones, no millionaire having intervened to
Ixxii. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
preserve such an interesting object to the world. Some crystals
of immense size, including one of smoky quartz, weighing 6oolb.,
have lately been found in Texas, and, not being of such great
value, will, I hope, be preserved intact in some museum. The
value of gold obtained from Merionethshire in 1904 was
;?3>9 2 5 nearly four times that in 1903.
The recent expedition to Tibet has thrown some light on the
geology of that country. Marine Tertiary beds occur north of
the Sikkim border; and there is evidence of a former consider-
able extension of glaciers northward from the Himalayas,
Granite near Lhasa is intrusive in Jurassic strata, and minerals
and gems are scarce.
Our hon. member, Mr. Jukes Browne, confirms the theory of
the derivation of clay-with-flints from Eocene strata, and not
from the chalk, as hitherto believed.
A rich Cambrian fauna from China has been collected and
described by the Washington Carnegie Institution.
In the British Museum (Natural History) one of the most
valuable and interesting additions in the past year is the full-
sized model of the gigantic dinosaur, about 85 feet in length,
Diplodocus Carnegii, presented by Mr. Carnegie, whose public
spirit has been so munificently shown both in this country and
in America. The restorations of extinct monsters at the Crystal
Palace of fifty years ago have served their purpose, and have to
give way to the beautiful fossils and accurate restorations which
are now such a feature of the American museums, and which
have been chiefly obtained in the Upper Jurassic beds of
Wyoming and Colorado. Triceratops, with an enormous horned
skull nearly a third of its total length, is one of the more recent
additions.
Valuable palaeontological discoveries have been made in the
Eocene beds of the Fayum province of Egypt, which have
yielded mammalian fossils in abundance, throwing much light
on the ancestry of the Proboscidea. The remains of fish and
crocodiles have also been found in this area, which consists
chiefly of desert, though part is cultivated by irrigation.
A new fossil fish (Myriacanthus paradoxus] has been lately
discovered at Lyme Regis, of which the dorsal fin-spine alone
was previously known.
ASTRONOMY.
The great event of the year from an astronomical point of
view has undoubtedly been the total eclipse of the sun on
August 3oth. After ail the elaborate and expensive preparations,
involving journeys and the transport of delicate apparatus to
distant parts of the world, often difficult to reach, and
inhospitable when attained, disappointment was on this occasion
the only result, in many instances, of this great undertaking for
the purpose of a few minutes' observation.
At the two stations in Labrador, in parts of Spain, and else-
where, clouds obscured the sun. At Guelma in Algeria,
Torreblanca in Spain, Sfax in Tunis, at Assouan, Tripoli, and
other stations, the observers were fortunate in obtaining a good
view of the eclipse. The corona was well developed, and
streamers (not all radial) up to a length of about twice the sun's
diameter (in one case, at Guelma, stated to be three degrees),
were seen.
Colour screens were successfully used in photographing the
prominences, and new facts were elicited about the polarization
of the corona. One of the most interesting photographic
results was the record on the plate of three or four oval, ring-
formed, cloud-like caps about four to six minutes of arc above
the large prominence on the east limb, indicating the eruptive
nature. Similar appearances were seen in 1870, and described
as smoke rings which were being shot up by the eruptive force.
The darkness was not intense, the time by a watch bein always
visible. The shade-temperature fell ten degrees on the Spanish
coast.
In Dorset the eclipse seems to have been well watched, and
some photographs were exhibited at one of our meetings. The
Ixxiv. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
decrease in light and warmth was very marked, though only
about three-quarters of the sun was covered. In Devonshire it
was noticed that even fish observed the eclipse and apparently
thought night was approaching, as they suddenly became
ravenous.
The sun's parallax has been determined by two new methods
namely, the measurement of spectrographic lines, and observa-
tions of the asteroid Eros, the results being very near the
generally accepted value of 8*8 seconds. It has been found that
the shape of the sun varies to such an extent, that though the
equatorial diameter is greatest at sunspot maximum, at sunspot
minimum the reverse is the case, and the polar diameter
is then longer than the equatorial one, the extreme difference
between the two diameters amounting to half a second of
arc.
There is little practical use for sundials at the present day, but
one has just been invented which will tell the correct mean
time. The shadow of a bead falls on the interior of a cylinder
marked with suitable curves, and the gnomon of the old and
inaccurate dials is dispensed with.
The discovery of Themis, a tenth satellite of Saturn, is
announced. It is, however, too small to be seen with our
present telescopes, but has been revealed by photography. It
has a probable diameter of about 38 miles; an eccentric and
much inclined orbit; and a period of 20*85 days. Some of the
canals on Mars have been photographed, thus proving their
reality, and it has also been found that one of the minor planets,
Urda, shows considerable light variations.
The uncommon spectacle of a fine aurora was witnessed in
many places in the South of England on November i5th last,
which, had it not been for a nearly full moon, would have been
an even more brilliant sight. The aurora was seen also in Nova
Scotia, and at Vardo, in the extreme north of Norway. It
was the most splendid seen for years. The greatest magnetic
disturbance of the year occurred at Greenwich on that date. A
second new star has appeared, but not to the naked eye, in
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixxv.
the constellation of Aquila, designated Nova Aquilm, No. 2 ;
and there is probably also one in Ophiuchus. It has been found
that a star in the large Magellanic cloud has a large proper
motion of 1.2 second in a year. This was discovered by
the ingenious device of superposing a photographic plate on a
glass positive of the same region taken some time before,
which would show nothing which had not moved in the
intermediate period. The plate showed about 300,000 stars!
Professor Kapteyn finds that those stars whose proper motion
has been determined, move in opposite directions in the line of
the Milky Way, which suggests that they are rotating round a
central axis.
From the fact that meteoric matter has been found at a depth
of 500 feet below the surface of the large crater in Coon
Mountain, Arizona, and for other reasons, it is concluded that
this crater is the result of the impact of an immense meteorite,
the fragments of which are well known as Canon Diablo
siderites.
A new and important observatory has been established on
Mount Wilson, in South California, at a height of 6,000 feet, in
an exceptionally clear and dry atmosphere. Besides other
advantages, it will be well furnished with instruments, including
a very powerful telescope.
An account of the geodetic survey in South Africa was laid
before the British Association, the extreme accuracy of which
is shown by the discrepancy in measurements of a base of
70,000 feet being only one in 1,500,000. More recently
measurements have been made with great success with wires
composed of invar, an alloy of steel and nickel which does not
vary with the temperature. Greenwich time has been adopted
as a standard by several countries, including North America,
which divides itself into five zones, which are, respectively, four,
five, six, seven, and eight hours slow on Greenwich. France
is again considering the matter, and, it is hoped, may bring
herself into uniformity with the greater part of Europe in this
respect.
Ixxvi. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
METEOROLOGY.
The rainfall of the British Isles during 1905 was distinctly
below the average, whilst taking England alone it amounted to
only 83 per cent. In an average year a fall of at least 20 inches
occurs everywhere in this country ; but in 1905 there were 7,500
square miles with less than this depth. The year 1905 has
justified the theory of a cycle of one wet year followed by two
dry ones. It remains to be seen whether 1906 will be a wet
one, but the rain in January especially was excessive ; since then
there has not been much.
Meteorology is being extended into new parts of the world,
and has lately been cared for by the Japanese in Manchuria and
Corea by the establishment of numerous stations, those on the
coast issuing weather predictions and storm warnings by means
of flags. Notes of observations for eight years were found at
Seoul, from which it appears that the mean annual rainfall is
35-4 inches, of which more than two-thirds falls in the three
months of summer. One may form, perhaps, a better idea of
the position of Seoul if one realises that its latitude is almost
identical with that of San Francisco, Richmond (in Virginia),
the Azores, Granada, Syracuse, and Athens.
A scheme has been put forward, under the auspices of the
British Association, to lay before the Government the desirability
of founding a Central Institution, which shall deal with the
meteorology of the whole British Empire, but the matter is still
under consideration.
It has been found from data furnished by 21 years that, as a
rule, a dry autumn is followed by a good yield of wheat in the
next year, each extra inch of autumnal rain corresponding to an
average diminution of a bushel and a-quarter per acre in the
succeeding year. It is, perhaps, the sowing that is affected.
At the recent International Navigation Congress at Milan one
of the questions discussed was " The influence which the
destruction of forests and the dessication of marshes has upon
the regime and discharge of rivers," and much evidence was
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixxvii.
adduced to show that where forests have been cut down brooks
have disappeared, and small rivers become useless, for power
purposes, from want of water, whilst in larger rivers flooding has
become more frequent, though at other times navigation suffers
for want of water. The serious results of the destruction of
forests on the Black Mountain, near Toulouse, in the Kazan
district of Russia, in Wisconsin, U.S.A., in the province of
Messina, in Sicily, and elsewhere, and the good and bad effects
of replanting, and subsequently cutting down, the fir trees on a
mountain side in the Canton of Berne were given in full detail,
and left little doubt of the connection between the cause and its
disastrous results.
Investigations in France, Switzerland, Norway, Greenland,
North America, Africa, and elsewhere show that glaciers are
almost universally retreating, though they sometimes advance a
little for a short period. Some have been observed since
1860.
Kites and balloons continue to be used for investigating the
upper air with valuable results. On one occasion a height of
21,100 feet was attained, six kites being attached to each other,
and a wire line of nearly 16,000 yards in length being used.
The minimum temperature recorded was 13 degrees Fahr., the
ground one being 41 degrees. The wind velocity at this height
was 56 miles an hour, that on the earth's surface being 18.
From kite investigations in the tropics there would appear to be
three strata immediately above the surface, which vary in the
direction of wind and other respects, the lowest being about
1,000 metres in height, and occupied by the trade wind.
ELECTRICITY.
A successful electrical exhibition was held at Olympia last
autumn, and the public showed their interest in this compar-
atively newly-adapted form of power by largely patronising
the exhibition, In England electric power distribution
Ixxviii. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
companies continue to be formed, and it is proposed to
establish one in Huntingdonshire on a still larger scale, with
overhead lines, should the sanction of Parliament be obtained.
The Metropolitan Railway, hitherto worked by steam, has in
the last year been transformed into an electric railway, and other
electrical improvements in connection with light and signals
have been developed on railways. Amongst these should be
mentioned the system of applying wireless telegraphy to trains
in motion, by which communications can be made to the train
from a station. Advantage is being taken of the Wireless
Telegraph Act in this country, and a fair number of licences
have been granted and messages transmitted under it.
There has been much development of electricity in other ways,
such as new forms of lamps, but the only other process that I
shall allude to is that of type-writing by telegraph, for which a
new machine has lately been invented, which is now in use on
several English lines, and is said to be an improvement on its
predecessors, of which there have been more than one. The
machine is complicated, but acts by means of a tape, in which
holes are first punched by a special arrangement of typewriter.
Five holes are available, and a different arrangement, containing
one or more of them, serves for each letter. The tape is then
used to control the movements of a rod which presses against it
as it moves along. When the rod passes through a hole it
causes contact, and thereby transmits the message by producing
a smilar perforation in a tape at the other end. The second
tape thus punched is used as a guide in a special typewriter.
CHEMISTRY.
The constant association in Nature of certain elementary
substances, such as silver and lead, together with the recent
theory of the gradual production of helium out of radium, has
suggested that other similar processes of transmutation are
going on, but experiments on the subject are so delicate and
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixxix.
lengthy that as yet little is known. In one of these experiments it
required no less than 15 tons of pitch-blende to produce three
milligrams of radio-tellurium. Two experimenters have found
that uranium, when freed from all trace of radium, would after a
time contain a minute quantity, from which fact, and from other
considerations, it is supposed that the uranium may be gradually
turning into radium. The latter being of such an unstable
nature that, according to calculations, only one-millionth part
would remain at the end of 26,000 years, requires some means
of replenishment. The actual existence of the subtle N-rays,
discovered by M. Blondlot, is still questioned by many scientists,
but experiments have been made which seem to show strong
evidence that they are real and not imaginary.
The possibility of obtaining the nitrogen of the air by means
of electricity, in such a form that it could be used as a fertilser,
like the nitrate of soda exported from Chili, was demonstrated
so far back as 1781 by Cavendish, but it is only recently that it
has been produced as a commercial product by passing air
through an electrical furnace, the power being derived from
waterfalls in Norway. This will probably have considerable
influence upon the wheat supply of the future, when the Chili
beds are worked out in 50 years or less.
A most interesting lecture on diamonds was given by Sir
William Crookes to the British Association at Kimberley, which
he commenced with the ominous words to those who possess
these costly gems, "I am justified in saying that, if the diamond
problem is not actually solved, there is every probability that it
shortly will be solved." Up to the present time, however, no
diamond has been made of more than a millimetre in diameter,
and most are microscopic. They have also a great tendency to
fly to pieces, so that, on the whole, the danger of competition is
not, so far, of importance. Two new methods have recently
been discovered: one by the explosion of cordite in a shell,
which produces enormous pressure and temperature ; the other by
the milder means of heating to a low red heat an alloy of lead
and calcium, holding carbon in solution ; but these methods also
Ixxx. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
produce only minute crystals. The lecturer alluded to the fact
that diamonds had been found in the Canon Diablo meteorites,
and to many other interesting points as to the origin and
qualities of these stones.
Many other valuable chemical investigations and discoveries
have recently been made, but before passing on I will only
allude to the danger in which the indigo planting industry lies
through the extensive production of the dye by chemical pro-
cesses, and the greatly increased manufacture of artificial silk
from collodion. This may, I expect, be easily distinguished
from the real article by burning a few threads, substances of
that nature being usually very inflammable, if not explosive.
ENGINEERING.
Some of the chief engineering works completed during the
year are the Victoria Falls bridge over the Zambesi, 600 feet
long, the falls being about 380 feet in height, or nearly 2^ times
that of Niagara, though the volume is far smaller. A bridge of
1,000 feet across the Mersey was opened, as well as the largest
British graving dock, at Southampton.
The water of Niagara was so much lowered by the power
companies that a dam has been built for the Victoria Park, in the
shape of a huge column of concrete, arranged so as on com-
pletion to be upset into and across the river. A chain runs up
the middle of the column to hold together the sections into
which it is divided. The plan reminds one of that pursued by
the beavers, which cut through trees at their base, so that they
may fall across the river to make a dam. It is probable that
legislation will intervene to prevent the wholesale destruction
of the picturesque interest of these falls, much of the water of
which has been already diverted.
The Panama Canal progresses, and opinions are divided as to
the advantages of a sea-level canal, or of various schemes for
canals with locks, some rising to a height of 130 feet. The cost
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixxxi.
is one of the chief difficulties in the way of the former plan, but
it is probable that it will be adopted. An imperfect weld in a
tie-bar caused the collapse of a portion of the roof at Charing
Cross station on December 5th, which was attended with an
extraordinarily small loss of life considering the circumstances,
whilst more recently we have to deplore in France the most fatal
colliery accident which has ever taken place, resulting in the loss
of 1,200 lives.
The Russo-Japanese war has had a far-reaching effect in
modifying opinions on naval matters, and one of the first
practical results is seen in the Dreadnought, a battleship of
a new type lately launched, of 18,000 tons, carrying ten
12-inch guns, and propelled by turbines. These guns are
capable of piercing 32 inches of wrought-iron or 14 inches of
steel, at a distance of 3,000 yards, and weigh about 50 tons
each.
The comparatively new turbine engines have been tried with
great success in the Carmania, a large ship belonging to the
Cunard line, in which they proved at least 16 per cent, more
economical than the reciprocating engines in the sister ship.
Trials in other ships have had similar results.
The recent invention of a submarine bell attached to a light-
ship or buoy seems likely to be a useful means of calling
attention to dangerous spots in the case of ships fitted with the
corresponding sound-receiving apparatus. The bell can be
heard at three to five miles distance, and its direction noted.
The navigation of the air is making progress, and the Lebaudy
airship has made numerous satisfactory trials. Lifting by means
of kites has also been much developed.
The important question (especially to non-motorists) of the
prevention of dust- raising by motor-cars has been the subject
of numerous experiments, the most effective of which seems to
be the preparation of the road with a heavy oil, which, properly
applied, may prevent any dust for a whole season. It has also a
good effect on the durability of the roads. The kind of tyre and
shape of the car, and other details, are of importance.
Ixxxii. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
"A machine for uprooting trees" sounds rather like the
revival of some gigantic animal of past ages, but such an
appliance is in use in Belgium to pull up pines, instead of the
ordinary method of felling them. The process costs 4d. each,
but the poles are a foot longer, the roots are of some value,
and replanting can be done immediately, instead of in three
years, owing to there being no stumps for the pine-weevil to
breed in.
Steps are being taken to bring about an international standard-
isation of screws. A steel ingot of 120 tons, cast at Manchester
last February, was the largest ever made ; whilst very interesting
experiments have been carried out with iron and its alloys, show-
ing that at liquid air temperatures, the hardness and resistance
to tensile stress are immensely increased.
GEOGRAPHY.
The great work accomplished by the National Antarctic
Expedition has been described in an interesting manner in a
book lately published, written by Captain Scott. Inside the
great ice-barrier lies a plateau of wide extent, nearly level, and
about 9,000 feet high. Over this he journeyed for 200 miles
without finding any change of feature. On one of his two long
sledge journeys he reached the latitude of 82 16' 33" through
the greatest difficulties, and made many valuable observations.
The inland ice between Cape Adare and Mount Longstaff,
a distance of over 700 miles, is discharged by four immense
glaciers, some of which are the largest in the world. An active
volcano, Mount Erebus, in the midst of this scene of desolation,
must indeed have been a wonderful sight to its first discoverers.
A coal seam was found in very early rocks, but it was unfor-
tunately only in. in thickness, and the plant remains were not
in a state to be identified. Birds were much observed, and a
great deal of work done in collecting the lower forms of life
below the ice. The existence of certain earthworms and
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixxxiii.
wingless insects in the Antarctic regions point to an ancient
connection of New Zealand, South America, and Africa by a
great Antarctic continent. This is strengthened by the evidence
of fossil marsupials, which points to its having occurred at the
end of the Secondary period.
Meanwhile the North Pole is not neglected, and the Peary
expedition, which started in that direction last July, will take
advantage of the power of communication offered by wireless
telegraphy.
The results of Baron de Nordenskjold's recent explorations
in the Andes have been published, showing that he was the first
white man to visit certain tribes, who, until a year or two ago,
lived like people of the Stone Age. The Atsapuacas, in Bolivia,
still retain most of their original customs.
An expedition under Mr. Stanley Gardiner has done much
valuable work in the neighbourhood of the Seychelles, in survey-
ing and marine and land zoology. The Seychelles Islands lie on
a submerged bank with depths down to 40 fathoms, the sides
of which descend very sharply to 2,000 fathoms. They are
much cleared for cultivation, but possess many indigenous plants,
amongst which the most interesting is, perhaps, the double
cocoanut, which is not found elsewhere. Its palms are either
male or female, the latter bearing two structurally distinct forms
of fruit on the same tree, as shown by an examination of
300 specimens. Mr. Gardiner believes this case to be unique.
An account of a survey by the Nero has just been published,
showing a record depth of almost six miles at a spot between the
Midway Isles and Guan, which lies about 1,200 miles north of
New Guinea.
Messrs. Barrett and Huntingdon are exploring the Tarim basin,
to the north-west of Tibet, and studying the river systems and
the ancient ruins which are found in the deserts of East
Turkestan.
Floats are now used to study the direction and speed of ocean
movements, and one which started from California was picked
up in the Java Sea, after a journey of at least 1 1,350 miles.
Ixxxiv. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
ARCHEOLOGY.
Owing to the meeting of the British Association in South
Africa, the archaeology of that region has, perhaps, been more
brought forward lately than any other. The subject was treated
of in detail by Dr. Haddon in his sectional address. He
suggests that the Kattea, a race of black dwarfs dwelling in
holes in the ground or rocks in the North Transvaal, may be the
true aborigines south of the Zambesi. Little is known of them,
and their language, even, is not yet understood ; but they may,
perhaps, be regarded as the most primitive race of all mankind.
Other papers dealt with the totemism, musical instruments,
language, artificial deformation, stone implements, pictorial art,
and other subjects connected with the various tribes.
Vast numbers of ruins, including many of gold-workings, exist
in Rhodesia, but it is not considered that they go back to more
than 600 or 700 years. At one place, Dhlo-Dhlo, fragments of
Nankin china were found below the intact cement floor of a hut,
which could not have been imported there before the i6th
century. The ancient inhabitants do not seem to have passed
through a copper and bronze age as elsewhere, but to have
changed, almost without a break, from stone to iron, and the
use cf the double bellows, an Indian implement, in smelting
suggests that it was from there that they gained their knowledge
of this metal. Great numbers of implements of Palaeolithic form,
of chalcedony, jasper, and agate, are found on the banks of the
Zambesi, both above and below the falls, in positions which
show that at the time of their deposition the river flowed 400 to
500 feet above its present level, representing a very long space
of time.
The British Museum excavations at Ephesus have shown the
existence of two earlier temples below the Croesus Temple,
containing large numbers of votive offerings of the yth and 8th
centuries, B.C., of gold and silver, and blue Egyptian scarabs.
In Egypt a remarkable find has been made of a cell in the rock,
lined with coloured relief sculptures, and containing a life-sized
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixxxv.
painted and gilded stone cow, the emblem of the goddess Hathor.
The shrine was dedicated to Thothmes III. by his son.
Excavations have also been carried on in Crete, on the site of
Nineveh, and in Scandinavia, where portions of curved walls,
accompanied by Neolithic implements, have been found below
the peat. This reminds one of the ancient circular hut dwellings
on Dartmoor. Nearer home, caves in Clare, Ireland, have been
recently investigated, and various implements of chert, bone,
and bronze found, including a beautifully-worked bronze buckle,
as well as an ancient gold bracelet. Amongst the animal
remains are those of a wild cat, which is pronounced to be
an African species (Felis ocreata], and not that of Europe (F.
catus]. It is also considered that the English cave cats
belonged to this species.
The rougher forms of so-called worked flints have always
seemed open to a slight doubt as to their human origin, and an
important light has been thrown upon this by the discovery by
M. Boule that in the cement works of Mantes, in the process of
washing the flints, chalk, and clay, there are produced by the
violent motion of the water, and consequent knocking together
of the flints, forms of the latter, which are indistinguishable
from Eoliths. These are the crudest forms of supposed stone
implements, with very little working, but they have been relied
upon by some authorities to prove the existence of man in even
Miocene times. The artificial products show the notch, the
chipped edge, and the bulb of percussion, which are usually
relied on as marks of human agency, and every characteristic of
the Eolith.
The Vienna Museum has set the example of collecting phono-
graphic records of dialects, savage languages and music, and
has sent out expeditions for that purpose to various parts of the
world. The British Museum has expressed its willingness to
accept similar selected records of the voices of living men for
the use of posterity only.
The great use anciently made of the heliacal rising of stars is
still carried on by the natives of Borneo, who watch until they
Ixxxvi. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
are able to see the Pleiades rise before the light of the sun hides
them, and then commence their work of clearing the forest, the
dry season being necessary for this undertaking. Similar points
in connection with Stonehenge and other megalithic remains
have been lately much elucidated by the- investigations of Sir
Norman Lockyer.
GENERAL.
Owing to the difficulties of classification, which will always
remain a fertile source of discussion in all branches of Natural
History, and from which even an address like the present is not
free, I feel the necessity for a general or miscellaneous section.
I should like, in the first place, to quote a few words from the
address of the President of the British Association in South
Africa for the benefit of those cynics amongst us who speak of
our Club as if its chief object in life was the arrangement of
large picnics. He says : " The hospitality which you are offering
us is so lavish, and the journeys which you have organised are so
extensive, that the cynical observer might be tempted to describe
our meetings as the largest picnic on record. Although we
intend to enjoy our picnic with all our hearts, yet I should like
to tell the cynic, if he is here, that perhaps the most important
object of these conferences is the opportunity they afford for
personal intercourse between men of like minds who live at the
remotest corners of the earth." All that I need do in applying
these words to ourselves is to change the last word into " County
of Dorset." If the cynic can propose any practicable plan for
our meetings which will do more to spread a general interest in
the subjects comprised in our title, I shall be only too glad to
listen to what he has to say.
Our country is beginning to realise, in great measure through
the example of other countries, notably Japan, that scientific
knowledge is not merely an interesting amusement, but an
important agent in the commercial and general welfare. This
idea it is the endeavour of the British Science Guild, which was
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixxxvii.
inaugurated last October, under high patronage, to impress
upon the inhabitants of the British Empire.
Mainly through the munificent gift of 100,000 by Messrs.
Wernher, Beit, and Co., a Royal College of Science is to be
established at South Kensington, where the highest specialised
instruction will be given, and the fullest equipment for the most
advanced training and research provided in various branches of
science, especially in its application to industry. Much has
been lost to us through the want of scientific appreciation on
the part of capitalists and others, as in the coal tar colour
industries, which had their birth in a British invention of
50 years ago, but have practically gone to make an extensive
manufacture for Germany. We can only hope, however, that
the new college will give a great impulse to scientific training in
this country. It is satisfactory that the advantages of such a
training are felt by the Secretary of State for War in the case of
our officers.
Besides this central scheme, Sheffield is to have a University ;
the University College of South Wales is in course of erection at
Cardiff, which is also the town chosen to contain the future
National Welsh Museum, the National Welsh Library being
destined to be located at Aberystwith, and the New Museum
and Laboratories of Zoology at Liverpool were opened last
November. On the other hand, Oxford estimates her require-
ments at something more than half a million, as well as a large
yearly increase of income, which there seems no present means
of obtaining.
A Government inquiry was ordered recently to discover to
what extent the high duty on pure alcohol had a depressing
effect on certain trades in which that substance was employed,
especially in regard to the anilime dye manufacture, which has
been almost lost to this country, but the evidence did not prove
this to be the chief cause. In many manufactures methylated
spirit is equally as good as pure spirit, and the price is far lower,
but in some the finished article cannot be well made unless
the alcohol is pure. The question is still under consideration,
Ixxxviii. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. ,
and may be looked upon as a battle between revenue and
trade.
The birth rate in this country has been declining for some
years, and is now 29*2 per 1,000 for 75 large towns.
In my address this year I have confined myself to general
subjects, and have not attempted anything special.
I regret that in most cases I have been able to give but a
cursory glance, but science is like a tree, the buds of which each
year expand into shoots with fresh buds on them, so that one
can but allude to a few of the most prominent expansions. I
conclude by hoping that some of the discoveries in the next
year may arise from the Dorset Field Club.
flfigtc^ in
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS BY THE AUTHOR.
By SIDNEY HEATH.
AUTHOR'S NOTE.
To avoid constant repetitions and references the following are
the principal works to which I am indebted for information
concerning cross-legged effigies, their identification, and the
costumes and armour of their period : Hutchins's " History
of Dorset," " Portraiture on Monumental Sculpture " (Albert
Hartshorne), "The Hauberk of Chain Mail" (J. S. Waller),
Boutell's " History of Arms and Armour," and a paper
contributed to the Archaeological Journal, Vol. XXIII., on
" Cross-legged Effigies of Civilians," by Mr. M. H. Bloxham.
In a special measure would I thank Mr. Hartshorne for the
valuable assistance he has given me, and Dr. Colley March,
who most kindly read this paper in MS. form and placed at
my disposal that vast store of antiquarian knowledge which
is his.
CROSS-LEGGED EFFIGIES IN DORSET.
is probable that no county in England
can show more interesting remains of
its former ecclesiastical grandeur than
the county of Dorset. The great monastic
foundations (surpassed in number only by
Yorkshire) the Abbeys of Sherborne and
Milton, the Minster of Wimborne, the ex-
quisite fragments left of Cerne, Abbotsbury,
Bindon, and many another famous edifice
point to a monkish activity and a deep
religious fervour almost without parallel. That
these churches and abbeys were at one time
filled with statuary and sculpture is beyond
question, although their exact number or
quality will never be known ; and all we have
to guide us in refurnishing these stately structures with monu-
ments and brasses are the faint records of them mentioned
by our old county historians. Hutchins mentions many of
these vanished monuments, but those recorded form only a very
small proportion of the great numbers which were broken up at
the dissolution of the Priory Churches, or at the so-called
"restoration" of others.
However deeply we may deplore the loss of these priceless
treasures, we must be thankful for what is left, and when we
consider the neglect, the vandalism, and the misdeeds of certain
Puritan iconoclasts, it is less a matter of wonder that so much
has vanished than that any should have survived.
From what remains to us in the county of Dorset alone it is
quite apparent that an English school of sculpture of the highest
excellence existed from the middle of the Xllth century to the
end of the XVth century. The dawn of the XVIth century,
however, saw a marked deterioration in monumental sculpture,
and, except those that are known to have been the work of
Flemish or Italian artists, the effigies of this period are coarse,
heavy, and entirely lacking in the finer qualities of refinement
CROSS-LEGGED EFFIGIES IN DORSET. 3
and the subtle rendering of character which we call art. The
Reformation, with its great social and political upheaval, was
not calculated to have a beneficial effect on English sculpture ;
but it is a most remarkable fact that, while sculpture in England
declined beyond measure at this period, that of Italy, Spain,
Germany, and France rose to its highest excellence, and this,
notwithstanding that the pre-Reformation examples in England
are, generally speaking, more than equal to anything to be
found on the Continent.
It may be that the Court patronage, extended exclusively to
foreign artists by the Tudor and Stuart Sovereigns, set a fashion
which was followed by less exalted persons, with the result that
the English sculptor was robbed of his means of obtaining a live-
lihood. Be this as it may, the English school of sculpture
became but a faint semblance of its former self, and was not the
only art that received its deathblow in the triumph of Puritanism.
In the study of these memorials it is, I think, the general
tendency of the art displayed, its quality, its value as a mirror of
its own time, and its beauty in the higher sense that are the
main questions to be considered. It is fortunate, and a privilege
for which we cannot be too grateful, that we are able to
approach them in the congenial atmosphere of the sanctuaries
wherein they lie an atmosphere of serene contemplation, of
reverence, of sympathetic warmth and receptiveness, at once
necessary, nay, imperative, if the best that is in them is to be
drawn to the surface.
It is a matter of some speculation as to how far the features
of the effigies may be accepted as faithful portraits of the
individuals they commemorate. The evolution of refinement
in sculptured or any other form of portraiture can only be
effected by a deep and subtle investigation of the laws of the
human mind and the sources of its pain and pleasures in
material objects, supplemented by a most studious collation
and accumulation of the principles of proportion, and of the
attributes of the human form. There was, and is, no other
means of effecting beauty in the higher sense no royal road to
4 CROSS-LEGGED EFFIGIES IN DORSET.
it. That which is common to the whole of a given class is called
their nature, and it is the business of artistic generalisation to
discover, extract, and exhibit this common quality which
pervades and permeates a certain class. The exaggeration of
a general idea is idealisation ; the exaggeration of an individual
quality is caricature ; and we can hardly sufficiently estimate the
nicety of the generalisation displayed by the early sculptors,
which enabled them to give us faithful representations of a class
of men without either idealisation or caricature.
That individual portraiture was sometimes successfully carried
out even in these early effigies is proved by many monuments,
notably by that of the elder Longspee in Salisbury Cathedral, a
famous Crusader, who is not shown cross-legged.
On the other hand, there is no doubt that the greater number
of our cross-legged effigies are purely conventional likenesses,
and, except in rare instances, genuine facial portraiture is not to
be looked for upon effigies earlier than the middle of the XHIth
century. Mr. Albert Hartshorne says, in his " Schools of
Monumental Sculpture," " In short, portraiture was attempted
where circumstances were very favourable for its production, as
in the cases of effigies made during lifetime, or, it may be
presumed, from sketches, or possibly after the XlVth century
from casts or careful personal directions given by cultivated
members of conventual bodies. When such information did not
exist, or could not be conveniently applied as in the examples,
for instance, of effigies made in the distant Isle of Purbeck
our ancestors made the best of the matter, and contented
themselves with routine figures, showing, if not absolutely the
man himself, at least adequately, the armour, the vestments, or
the habits in which he lived."
If 1 was pressed for an answer as to what underlying motive,
what inner meaning, seems to be suggested by the expression of
these early effigies, I should say militant energy, protection,
challenge of some unseen foe, but not devotion. They represent
fully-armed alert men, with every muscle stretched for attack or
defence. Their era, that of or immediately following the
CROSS-LEGGED EFFIGIES IN DORSET. 5
Crusades, was one of great unrest in England as elsewhere.
The old feudal system was crumbling away ; the country had
been drained of its very necessities to furnish men for the
Crusades, and bands of beggared and broken men were
pillaging and plundering with impunity.
One cannot fail to notice with what appropriateness and
singular felicity of expression the early sculptors composed the
figures to the recumbent position, and although the custom of
erecting monumental memorials with effigies became general
only in the course of the Xllth century, yet in the earlier, as in
the later, examples there is always this remarkable quality of
composition and appropriate disposition of the limbs. The
cross-legged attitude assumed by these effigies has long been a
vexata qu&stio among archaeologists and antiquaries, some assert-
ing that it has a very deep and real symbolic meaning, others that
it was a pure fad on the part of the sculptor. The old tradition
that the cross-legged position was a sign or symbol that the
persons thus fashioned had either fought in the wars of the
Crusades, or had taken vows to do so, is, I think, quite exploded.
There are, of course, many cross-legged effigies of authentic
Crusaders, but there are scores of cross-legged effigies and
brasses to the memory of men who could not possibly have
made a crusade, or who are definitely known not to have done
so. The crusades commenced at the close of the Xlth century
and ceased at the close of the XHIth century, and yet in Cold
Higham Church there is a cross-legged effigy to Sir John
Pateshull, died 1350, just eighty years after the last crusade.
The cross-legged effigies to such men as Brian Fitz-Alan at
Bedall (d. 1302), John de Hastings at Abergavenny (d. 1313),
and Alymer de Valence in Westminster Abbey are a few of the
cross-legged effigies to the memory of men who are known not to
have gone to the Holy Wars, and an analysis of the monumental
effigies and brasses of any county in England would yield the
same result.
What, then, was the meaning, if any, of the cross-legged
attitude as represented on sepulchral monuments and brasses ?
6 CROSS-LEGGED EFFIGIES IN DORSET.
In the first place we must remember that, if it meant anything,
it had a purely English significance, for no example of a cross-
legged effigy has ever been found on the Continent. It is also
evident that it did not apply exclusively to members of the male
sex, for there are many effigies of ladies thus fashioned, notably
at Cashel, in Ireland. Neither is it only found with effigies of
men clad in military habits, for there are a large number of
cross-legged effigies and brasses to the memory of civilians. If
it had any special significance, then, it must have been one for
which ladies, knights, and civilians could qualify themselves
throughout many centuries, for the latest effigy whose lower
limbs assume this attitude is that in Exeter Cathedral to Sir
Peter Carew, in 1571.
Now, the only possible act in which all these persons could
have taken part is that of making a pilgrimage, and in this
connection it is a somewhat notable fact that on a few brasses
the crossed feet of the knight seem to be actually walking on
the animal. It is just possible, therefore, that the attitude
commemorates a pilgrimage, not necessarily to the Holy Land,
but to the shrine of some British or Continental saint. This
solution would include every known cross-legged effigy, but in
the absence of direct evidence this proposition must be one of
conjecture only. The great difficulty seems to me to be the fact
that this particular attitude is only found in England, and
English men and women no more had a monopoly in the
making of pilgrimages than in any other custom of mediaeval days.
Personally, I think it is much more probable that the cross-legged
attitude was an artistic convention, and one which had no
symbolic significance whatever. The flexibility of the chain
mail was quickly regarded as a valuable artistic asset, and one
which enabled the sculptors to fashion the figures in the natural
and easy pose of real life, which gives to our early Gothic effigies
that peculiar life-like appearance, as remarkable as it is unique.
With the introduction of more solid defences the cross-legged
attitude became more and more difficult if it was to be a faithful
representation of the living man, until with the complete
CROSS-LEGGED EFFIGIES IN DORSET. 7
panoply of plate armour it was generally abandoned for the
straight or parallel position. Before we turn to the effigies of
Dorset it may be as well to point out that, although actual
construction of armour is shown on later effigies, there is no
doubt that the representations of chain mail are nothing more
or less than artistic conventions. To have constructed an actual
hauberk of mail in stone would have been impossible, and would
have seriously detracted from these effigies as works of art.
Even a great authority like Meyrick mistakes conventional
representations for actual construction, and it has been left to
Mr. J. G. Waller, F.S.A., to throw fresh light on this important
point and to prove conclusively that what is known as trelliced,
ringed, mascled, single and double chain, are nothing more
than conventional methods of representing the interlaced chain
mail, which was the only form of chain mail in actual use, with
the exception perhaps of banded mail. Mr. Waller supports his
argument by many monuments and brasses, the only variation
which he can accept being the double chain mail as shown on the
effigy of a De Mauley, formerly in York Minster. It appears
that the coif was of a pattern with which we are familiar, but
the hauberk had a double set of rings, a smaller set, and a larger
set enclosing it, all interlacing together and showing a consider-
able amount of skill in the making. It is possible, therefore,
that " double mail " may have been one of the expedients for
strengthening the defence against the attack, which belongs
constantly to the history of arms and armour.
Banded mail has long been a crux antiquariorum , notwith-
standing many attempts at its solution, and it is quite possible
that this form may be also a conventional, and not a
constructional, representation. The only positive thing about
it is that it consists of bands and rings, but how applied is not
known, although Mr. Waller puts forward a highly instructive
solution based on a hauberk from Northern India, on which the
chain mail is sewn between bands of leather. Another conven-
tion is that which represents the sleeve of the hauberk as being
in one piece. The bending of the arm would be impossible if
CROSS-LEGGED EFFIGIES IN DORSET.
CROSS-LEGGED EFFIGIES IN DORSET. 9
the sleeve was tight over the elbow joint, as shown on all
effigies ; therefore, it seems clear that defences for the forearm
were separate, though attachable. Separate defences for the
forearm are in the 'Wallace Collection, and in many of our
museums are typical hauberks, reaching to the knees and sleeved
only to the elbows.
The cross-legged effigies in Dorset are found, as far as I have
been able to trace them, at Dorchester, Bridport, Wareham,
Piddletown, Trent, Wimbbrne, and Horton. There is also at
Mappowder a diminutive cross-legged effigy under a small
arched recess.
The effigies at Wareham, Bridport, Piddletown, Wimborne,
and Horton have a general similarity of costume no less marked
than that of the disposition of the limbs, although a detailed
study reveals the little differences and pecularities that give to
each of these figures a distinct and interesting individuality.
These effigies undoubtedly belong to about the same period,
and, to avoid constant repetitions of the same descriptions, I
have grouped them together, and, except perhaps for minute
details, the one account of their arms and armour will be found
to apply equally to them all. They belong to the latter half of
the first of the four great periods into which English armour
has been divided, and which is known as the " pure mail " *
period, the use of which extended in various fashions from the
Conquest to about 1350, at which date more solid defences
began to be added to the chain mail.
They are shown in the sleeved tunics of mail, which towards
the middle of the Xllth century gave place to the plaited skirts
formerly in vogue. This hauberk, or body armour, consisted of
a hooded coif, which latter usually conforms to the shape of the
head, but is sometimes flat-crowned and brought up to an
* Pure mail does not necessarily mean chain mail, but is a conventional term
for almost any kind of garment which was strengthened with studs, rings, or any
kind of metal attached to the surface, and we have little knowledge of chain mail
until the return of the knights from the crusades. (Boutell.)
10 CROSS-LEGGED EFFIGIES IN DORSET.
angular finish at the sides, as we see on the Bridport and on
one of the Wareham effigies. Over the coif a massive " heaume,"
or helm, was worn, either with or without a nasal, and some-
times with a movable " ventaille," or visor."
From the shoulders the hood extends in close-fitting sleeves
to the hands, where it terminates in mittens, or splits up into
stalls for the fingers and thumbs, thus forming a kind of glove.
The lower limbs are also covered in mail, the portions above the
knees being called " chaussons," and those below the knees
"chausses." The feet usually have spurs with a single spike,
and called "pryck," or spike spurs, which are fastened round the
ankle by two straps.
It has already been stated that there was only one kind of
mail in actual use chain mail which was made up of a series
of interlaced rings riveted together. Ring mail and the other
varieties (with the exception of banded mail, which is still an
enigma) are simply conventional methods of representing chain
mail on effigies. The only departures from the pure mail during
this period were the lengthening of the tunic and the more or
less general addition of small elbow guards and knee caps.
Over the hauberk is the long loose flowing surcoat, without
sleeves, and gathered by a narrow belt round the waist, below
which it is open. The surcoat is stated to have been used in the
Crusades as a veil to protect the armour from the direct rays of
the sun ; but the earliest representation we have of the surcoat
is, I think, on the seal of St. Louis, who led the last Crusade,
and its general use was probably not adopted until some time
after the Holy Wars.
The hauberk had a stout leather lining, and was worn over a
quilted tunic, called a haketon, or gambeson. The swords of this
period have a great similarity, being long and straight, with
recurved cross -guards and flat circular pomels. The shields,
sometimes of the triangular or " heater" shape, are borne on the
left arms and- suspended from the right shoulders by straps.
The effigies lie flat on the back with the heads but slightly raised
by shallow cushions, and they recline upon coffin lids of stone or
CROSS-LEGGED EFFIGIES IN DORSET. I I
Purbeck marble placed upon stone slabs, without ornament
below.
The conventional animals supporting the feet of these effigies
enabled the sculptors to terminate the long flowing lines of the
limbs and surcoat with neatness and precision, thus overcoming
one of the principal difficulties of the recumbent attitude. It is
possible that these animals had an heraldic significance, the lion
perhaps denoting courage and the dog faithfulness. These
animals are, with few exceptions, very elementary in form, and
one sometimes finds the head and body of a dog, to which has
been added the mane and tufted tail of a lion, making it difficult
to say definitely which animal the artist intended to represent.
The only solution which suggests itself in these instances is
that, as few, if any, of these early sculptors could have studied
the form and anatomy of a real lion, they took as a general
model the familiar form of the dog, to which they added sundry
lion-like attributes either from their own imagination or from
the illuminated missals and heraldic devices of the period. I
think we may safely assume from the traces which remain that
these effigies were originally coloured and gilded on the body
and surcoats, in addition to the coats of arms fully emblazoned
on the shields. These colours seem to have been very brilliant
and of a thinness which allowed the grain of the stone to show
clearly beneath.
The identification of these effigies is one of universal difficulty,
owing to the obliteration of the heraldic insignia once embla-
zoned on the shields, surcoats, or jupons, so that the identities
of these persons have become altogether obscured. The traces
of heraldry which remain, the approximate date of armour,
together with the contemporary history and local traditions, are
all that the searcher of to-day has to rely on in his endeavour to
fashion from these cold stones the once warm bodies of those
who worshipped in the sanctuaries that now enshrine them.
Amid difficulties of such magnitude one must be satisfied with a
probable identification of these effigies since this, for the most
part, can be a matter of conjecture only.
12
CROSS-LEGGED EFFIGIES IN DORSET.
CROSS-LEGGED EFFIGIES IN DORSET. 13
The effigies at Wareham are in the Church of Lady S. Mary,
where they originally rested in a small side chapel, known as
the Chapel of King Edward the Martyr, whose body, is said to
have been temporarily buried here before being removed to
Shaftesbury. They now occupy the north and south sides of
the chancel. Tradition associates these effigies with the family
of Estoke, that on the north side to Sir Henry d'Estoke and
that on the south side to Sir William d'Estoke. Hutchins
mentions some arms on the shield of one of these effigies " On
the shield are the arms of Stoke, but whether of East Stoke or
Barnston is uncertain." The fact that the adjoining parish is
called East Stoke is interesting. The Rev. Selwyn Blackett, the
present rector, tells me of a curious local tradition, which is,
however, unsupported by any evidence, to the effect that Sir
William lost his life while fighting on Wareham Bridge in
consequence of a swarm of bees settling on his head.
The Bridport effigy is in the north transept of the Church of
S. Mary, where it is entirely surrounded by pews. It has,
unfortunately, been restored, with the consequence that, as an
authority of contemporary costume and armour, it is of little
value. It is said to represent a Chidiock, and faint traces of
colour remain.
The effigy at Horton is in the Church of S. Wolfhilda, and is
fashioned out of Purbeck marble. The figure is shown in the
conventional treatment known as " ring " mail. On the left arm
is a shield with an escutcheon of seme'e of cross-crosslets and a
lion counter rampant, with a fleur-de-lis on the shoulder.
Pulman, in his " Book of the Axe," identifies this effigy as that
of Giles de Braose, or Brewes, whose name appears on the roll
of the Battle of Boroughbridge among the men-at-arms and
bannerets of Buckinghamshire, according to which the Sire
Giles de Breouse, bore, " de azure crusaile d'or a un lion d'or,
a un fluret de goules en le espaule de lion." Below each knee
is a strap, or garter, similar to those on one of the Wareham
effigies. The head rests on a cushion and the feet on a conven-
tional animal.
CROSS-LEGGED EFFIGIES IN DORSET.
CROSS-LEGGED EFFIGIES IN DORSET. 15
Under a small recessed arch at the east end of the south wall
of the nave of Mappowder Church is a diminutive cross-legged
effigy about zft. long. The little figure is in a hooded coif mail,
with surcoat, sword, and shield. The hands are in the attitude
of holding a heart against the breast.
This monument is popularly known as a " heart " shrine,
which is stated by tradition to be the burial place of a heart, the
body having been buried elsewhere. The workmanship is not of
a high order ; the details of the mail and costume are lacking in
finish, and the figure has the appearance of having been roughly
hewn out of a block of stone, probably by a local mason.
Hutchins gives the following account of this effigy, Vol. II.,
p. 26q : " In a nich in the upper end of the south wall is a
small effigy of a person in stone, scarce 2ft. long, lying on his
back in armour, with a shield and sword, his hands elevated in a
praying posture, his head on a cushion, and a dog supporting
his feet, but no arms or inscription. It seems to have been
some favourite infant of this (Coker) family, placed here by a
fond mother. There is one of the same kind to the same family
at Frampton."
The effigy at Piddletown rests on the floor in a corner of the
Athelhampton Chapel, and the columns supporting another
monument are placed on the slab of this effigy, making it
impossible to obtain a view of it except from the end. There is
no record or tradition of any kind to assist in the identification
of this effigy.
The effigies at Dorchester and Trent are separated by many
years from those just dealt with, and we jump at one bound from
the end of the XHIth to the end of the XlVth century, with no
examples in the county of the gradual transition from the pure
mail to the full panoply of plate armour, until we reach the final
stage of such transition in these three effigies.
To follow in detail all the stages of this transitional period is
impossible here, and involves a corresponding study of contem-
porary weapons both of offence and of defence. As the former
became improved so the need for more complete and solid
i6
CROSS-LEGGED EFFIGIES IN DORSET-
CROSS-LEGGED EFFIGIES IN DORSET. 17
protection became necessary until we reach the full panoply of
plate armour, and it is most interesting to notice how from the
earliest times there has been this continual struggle for
supremacy between arms and armour until the invention of
gunpowder gave the final victory, as far as military warfare is
concerned, to the weapon. In naval warfare, however, the
struggle is still going on. It is the old, old problem, altered
not a whit in its essentials, because to-day the armour protects
many men in floating fort, instead of one man in an iron suit.
These three effigies under consideration belong, as I have
stated, to the final stage of the transition from mail to plate
armour a stage which is known as the last division of the four
(or " Camail ") periods into which English armour has been
divided, and these effigies date from 1360-1405. In 1410 the
full panoply of plate armour was in use.
We see here how the flexible chain mail has been almost
entirely replaced by more solid defences, which give these figures
a peculiarly wooden appearance, but one by no means devoid of
artistic merit, although the globular breast plates give them a
curiously feminine appearance. The lower limbs and arms are
entirely cased in plate armour and the feet acutely pointed at the
toes in laminated or tergulated sollerets, the latter consisting of
a series of overlapping plates, evenly distributed, somewhat in
the nature of tiles. The body is covered with a short hauberk,
apparently sleeveless, which reaches to about the middle of the
thigh. At the shoulders and elbows are laminated e*paulieres
and elbow-guards which conform somewhat to the construction
of the joints. Under the hauberk is a large globular breastplate,
and over the hauberk is the jupon, a kind of surcoat fitting
tightly to the shape and short enough to expose the skirt of the
hauberk below. The jupons were usually made of some rich
material and, as we see here, with an escalloped edge. There
are no arms emblazoned on the jupons of these effigies, although
such was the usual custom at this period. The belt is remarkable
for its splendour and for the method of adjusting it so that it
appears immediately above the escalloped edge of the jupon.
1 8 CROSS-LEGGED EFFIGIES IN DORSET.
which in its turn is a little higher than the hem of the hauberk.
From the hip belt is suspended on the left side the long sword,
with cross-guard and generally octagonal pomel, while on the
right side is the misericorde, a short dagger. The hands are
heavily gauntleted.
The basinets are acutely pointed and worn here without any
"ventaille," or visor. The camail at this period was universal,
and, although originally worn as a protection for the back of the
neck only, has here developed into a close-fitting tippet, and we
see clearly on one of the Dorchester effigies the method by
which it was laced and secured to the basinet.* The great
helms on which the heads of the effigies rest were worn over the
basinets, and this is why these basinets have no visors, since that
protection for the face was provided for on the great helm itself.
This great helm was a massive and ponderous headgear, and
slipped right over the basinet until it rested on the shoulders,
and its weight was so great that it was only used in the thick of
the melee or at the moment of a final charge. These two
Dorchester effigies closely resemble each other, and are very
good examples of their period, although they suffered somewhat
when removed from the north aisle to their present resting-
places on window sills in the south aisle, where at any rate they
should be safe from further damage.
They are said, with what seems to be very slight authority, to
have been removed from the Priory when that building was
demolished, and Hutchins connects them with a Geoffry Vann
or Ann, but there is no reliable evidence as to whom they
represent ; but I trust that they will not again be pointed out to
visitors to Dorchester as "our Crusaders." According to the
late Mr. Henry Moule (in his "Dorchester Antiquities," p. 70),
" Tradition says that one of the two good effigies in S. Peter's is
Vann's. For one thing against this these effigies appear to be
* The lace by which the camaile was attached to the basinet was until 1390
left uncovered, but from about that date and until the camaile ceased to be worn
the mode of attachment was covered by an enriched band or plate, which formed
part of the basinet. (Boutell.)
CROSS-LEGGED EFFIGIES IN DORSET. 19
of the XlVth century, and some antiquarians believe them to be
of two Chidiocks, of Chidiock, father and son, and that the
said effigies were moved from the Franciscan chapel at its
suppression."
In Trent Church, near Yeovil, is a cross-legged effigy
supposed to commemorate one Roger Wyke. Trent was
fomerly in Somerset, and the following extract is from Mr.
John Batten's paper on "Trent" in the Proceedings of the
* Somerset Archaeological Society :
" Under the recessed arches in the north wall of this chapel
are two stone effigies, which Collinson erroneously attributes to
the Gerrard family. The western effigy represents a man in
plate armour of the period of Edward III. He wears on his
head a conical bascinet with a camail attached, and he rests on
his tilting helmet, the crest of which is defaced ; on the elbows
and knees are strapped elbow pieces and knee caps ; the legs are
cased in greaves ; the feet, girt with heavy spurs, rest on a dog
statant. Attached to the girdle is his great sword on the left
side and a short dagger on the right. There is no shield. His
hands are raised on his breast in prayer. The face is exposed
with a moustache on the upper lip ; signs of colouring are
slightly apparent .on the surface. There is no record or
tradition assisting us to identify this figure, and I gave up the
case as hopeless until a second examination. Then, on looking
closely at the tilting helmet, I discovered that, although only a
fragment of the crest remained, it was certainly the body of a
duck or goose. Now the arms of Wyke are a chevron between
three barnacles, or solan geese, close, and the effigy is, I venture
to suggest, that of Roger Wyke, the first husband of Joan
Chasteleyn, owner of one-third of the manor, who died between
56 Edward III. and I. Henry IV."
The other effigy in this church is curious, being draped in a
close tunic, with a belt and sword, and Mr. Batten suggests that
it may be that of a son of Roger and Joan Wyke.
* Vol. XX., Ft. 2, pp. 133-4.
20 CROSS-LEGGED EFFIGIES IN DORSET.
The number of cross-legged and other effigies which vanished
with the suppression of the priory churches, or at the so-called
restoration of others, will probably never be known, so completely
wiped out of existence were the former that in many cases not
even the sites on which they stood are definitely known. I have
only succeeded in tracing records of two cross-legged effigies
which have vanished, both being mentioned by Hutchins, but no
fragment of either can be discovered. The account by Hutchins
of one of these vanished effigies, which was in Milton Abbey, is
very interesting :
*"In the south-west corner (of the south aisle), under this
window, is the greatest piece of antiquity in the church (Milton
Abbey). It is the figure of a man in complete armour, cross-
legged, and a shield on his left arm, on which is an obscure
cross. He may have been a Crusader, and buried here before
the church was burnt ; and, indeed, the figure is much decayed.
Statues cross-legged were not always of knight templars, but
persons who had made a crusade to the Holy Land or vowed to
do so. The first crusade began 1096, and in 1291 the Sultan of
Egypt put an end to them by the conquest of Palestine.
" Whom it represents is very hard to determine. We may be
a little assisted in our conjecture by a MS. account of Milton
Abbas in the Cotton Library, Julius, F. VI., 115, in a few leaves
entitled " Collections about Several Towns in Dorsetshire," by an
anonymous author, 1579, who says ' William the Conqueror took
away part of the lands of the Abbey and gave them to Glaston-
bury, and by the medyation of a barren of great honour
replenished it again with monks, thirteen to the dozen, for as
they wanted of their lands, even so of their number. . . .
The name of the barren was called . . . and beryth Sa, a
cross humette botony flowrte O, in which are five escallops of
the first ; and lyeth cross-legged in the south aisle and wall.'
These arms," continues Hutchins, " are those of the Latimers,
though the escallops are a difference of a younger branch. One
* Hutchins, 2nd Ed., Vol. II., p. 446.
CROSS-LEGGED EFFIGIES IN DORSET.
21
of this family might be a benefactor, or do some eminent service
to the Abbey, and be buried here. It is observable that these
very arms are still in the Abbey hall."-
Traces of these Latimers are not uncommon in the records of
the county, and branches of them held the Manors of Winter-
borne Whitchurch, Woodford-Belet, and Dewlish ; and one,
Nicholas Latimer, held a knight-fee jointly with John Fauntleroy
from the Bishop of Sherborne.
The other effigy referred to was in Frampton Church, and it
may have disappeared when the chancel was rebuilt in 1747-8.
Hutchins says " In a small arch in the wall is a little image,
much defaced, lying on its back, which is, perhaps, a memorial
of William Coker . . . there being a similar image at
Mappowder." From this statement regarding the similarity of
this image to the one at Mappowder we may fairly assume this
figure at Frampton to have been cross-legged.
i2 dROSS-LEGGED EFFIGIES IN DORSET.
I cannot conclude without a few words regarding so-called
" restoration," which has been attempted on some of the effigies
in the county, needless to say, with disastrous results. I take it,
and members of this Society will assuredly agree with me, that
these and other monumental effigies possess many qualities of
peculiar and unique importance. They are (or were) faithful
representations of contemporary costume, giving in regard both
to detail and general appearance the precise habits worn by
certain persons at certain fixed periods of our history. In all
cases we may safely assume that they depict the arms and
armour that were in use at the time in which each one of them
was executed, and they were wrought either during the lifetime
of the persons they commemorate or immediately following
their decease. The sculptor, even if he did not work from the
actual suit of armour (though in all probability he did), was
perfectly familar with the details of construction and the method
of wearing what he was fashioning in stone, alabaster, or marble.
One might as well expect a modern bricklayer to rebuild the
Roman wall at Dorchester as think that a local mason could
re-cut the beautiful interlinked mail, of which he knows neither
the use nor the construction. If those who have charge of these
relics would only realise their extraordinary value, they would
see that these stupid and pitiful attempts at "restoration" not
only ruins the entire character of the mediaeval work, but renders
them practically valueless as reliable contemporary records, and
are, in fact, nothing less than wilful mutilations. Of far more
value are the fragments, as they left the hands of those who gave
them shape, than a retouched complete figure, of which no
single detail can be safely accepted as a certain authority for
contemporary costume, arms, or armour.
Since these notes were written three more cross-legged effigies
have come to my notice. The most important of these is that
of a civilian in Trent Church. This is stated by Mr. Batten to
be probably of a son of Roger Wyke, whose effigy has already
been described, but this figure is of much earlier date than that
of Sir Roger. It is an extremely rare form of effigy representing
CROSS-LEGGED EFFIGIES IN DORSET. 23
a franklin, i.e., a civilian who was allowed to carry a sword, and
there are only one or two other effigies of this character in the
country. The other two cross-legged effigies not described in
the paper are of the usual type, one being in the Church of
Wimborne St. Giles, and said to represent Sir John de Plecy
(d. 1313), the other at Stoke Gaylard, where the figure in
Hamhill stone is stated to be of Sir Ingelramus de Waleys.
These three effigies will be fully described and illustrated in the
forthcoming volume of these Proceedings, when illustrations will
also appear of those at Horton, Piddletown, Wimborne Minster,
and Trent, together with any other information and records
which may corne to light on the subject.
By Rev. HERBERT PENTIN, M.A., F.S.A. (Ed.).
(Read Feb. 21st, 1905.)
Secretary of the Folk-Song Society of England
wrote to me a short while since to ask if the
Dorset Field Club would undertake to collect
the old folk-songs of Dorset. I replied that I
could not answer on behalf of the Club ; but
that, as a private individual, I would collect
all such songs and rhymes which I came
across in my own parish and neighbourhood
and bring them before the Club, with the
hope that interest might be stirred up in the
subject and other collections made.
Of course, we cannot shut our eyes to the fact that the old
traditional songs are fast dying out. Boys educated at a
National School think it almost beneath their dignity to sing
the ungrammatical, unrhythmical, and unpoetical songs in which
their fathers and forefathers delighted. They do not know that
the bad grammar, the uneven rhythm, and the poor rhyme often
mark the most ancient songs songs composed, not infre-
quently, by villagers themselves and corrupted as the years have
OLD DORSfct SONGS. 2 5
past away: old-time roystering ale-house songs with their
nonsense-choruses : songs sung by the wandering minstrels of
days gone by : songs from the old ballad-sheets of the pedlars.
And yet I notice that these same boys, when they sing in
public, repeat the title of their songs at their conclusion, thus
unconsciously keeping up a custom started by the old ballad-
singers of long ago.
Folk-songs can be arranged into at least five classes :
Ecclesiastical, Political, Agricultural, Nautical, and General.
But it is very difficult to limit such songs to one particular
county. Indeed, it would be almost truer to say that no songs
exclusive to any one county exist. Let us, however, be content
with listening to some of the versions of old songs which are
sung in Dorset, whether they are of Dorset origin or not.
I. And first of all we will take ECCLESIASTICAL songs, as these
are usually the most ancient. They generally contain allusions
to Church matters and customs, legends of saints, and the
like. And Dorset possesses two versions of one of the oldest
of such songs a song about which many pamphlets and papers
have been written by antiquaries. Its title is "The Twelve
Apostles," and it is sung by two persons.
THE TWELVE APOSTLES.
Come, I will sing to you.
What will you sing to me ?
I will sing you one oh !
What may your one oh be ?
One and one is all alone, and ever more shall be so.
Come, I will sing to you.
What will you sing to me ?
I will sing you two oh !
What may your two oh be ?
Two of them are lily-white babes, clothed all in green oh !
One and one is all alone, and evermore shall be so.
26 OLD DORSET SONGS.
Come, I will sing to you.
What will you sing to me ?
I will sing you three oh !
What may your three oh be ?
Three of them are thrivers,
Two of them are lily-white babes, clothed all in green oh !
One and one is all alone, and evermore shall be so.
These three verses indicate the plan of the song, each new
number being followed by the whole of those that have gone
before, and are sung by both people. The other numbers are as
follows :
Four are the Gospel preachers.
Five are the flamboys all in a row.
Six are the six bold waiters.
Seven are the seven stars in the sky.
Eight are the Gabriel angels.
Nine and nine of the brightest shine ;
Ten are the Ten Commandments.
Eleven and eleven went to heaven.
Twelve are the twelve Apostles.
For this version I am indebted to the Rev. W. Miles Barnes.
The other version is known as " Green Grow the Rushes, oh !"
and it is also sung by two persons.
GREEN GROW THE RUSHES, OH !
I'll sing you one oh !
Green grow the rushes, oh !
What is your one oh ?
One and one is all alone, and evermore shall be so.
I'll sing you two, oh !
Green grow the rushes, oh !
What is your two, oh ?
Two, two for the lily-white boys, clothed all in green, oh !
One and one is all alone, and evermore shall be so.
OLD DORSET SONGS. 27
I'll sing you three, oh !
Green grow the rushes, oh !
What is your three, oh ?
Three, three for the rivals ;
Two, two for the lily-white boys, clothed all in green, oh !
One and one is all alone, and evermore shall be so.
The same plan is continued throughout the song. The other
numbers are as follows :
Four for the Gospel-makers.
Five for the symbol at your door.
Six for the six proud walkers.
Seven for the seven stars in the sky.
Eight for the eight bold rainers (or rangers).
Nine for the nine bright shiners.
Ten for the Ten Commandments.
Eleven for the eleven that went up to heaven.
Twelve for the twelve Apostles.
The meaning of some of the allusions is very difficult to
determine. The "one and one all alone" probably refers to
God ; " the two lily-white babes " may allude to Christ and St.
John the Baptist. " Three of them are thrivers " is supposed to
refer to the three wise men from the East, in which case
"thrivers" is a corruption of "wisers." "The four Gospel-
makers" are the four Evangelists. "Five for the symbol at
your door " may refer to the sign of the pentacle or pentagram,
which was very commonly inscribed on the threshold to keep
away the evil one. " The six bold waiters" are usually identified
with the six water pots used in the miracle at Cana of Galilee.
" The seven stars in the sky " are, of course, the group in Ursa
Major, usually called "Charles' Wain." "The eight Gabriel
angels " are supposed to refer to archangels ; but why the
number eight is associated with archangels is not known. The
phrase "the nine bright shiners" remains, more or less, a
28 OLD DORSET SONGS.
puzzle. Ten and twelve need no explanation. " The eleven
that went up to heaven " are the eleven Apostles, Judas Iscariot
being missing.
The whole subject is fairly fully discussed in Broadwood and
Maitland's English County Songs, to which book I am indebted
for some of the matter contained in this paper.
II. POLITICAL FOLK-SONGS. Some of these take us back for
hundreds of years. Songs exist which refer to the Civil Wars,
others to Tudor events ; but ballad-squibs against Oliver
Cromwell and Charles II. are the most common. I do not
know of any such songs which are still sung in Dorset ; but
probably there are many awaiting search.
III. AGRICULTURAL FOLK - SONGS. Under this heading
come the songs of shepherds, carters, and ploughboys ; songs
relating to fairs ; harvest feast songs sung at the old harvest
homes ; and many others pertaining to pastoral life. Dorset
should be rich in such old songs. Probably it is, but a
collection needs to be made. Most of us, doubtless, have heard
" Tumult-hoeing." It is often sung in this county, but in many
other counties as well.
TURMUT-HOEING.
'Twas on a jolly summer's morn, the twenty-first of May,
Giles Scroggins took his turmut hoe, with which he trudged
away ;
For some delights in haymakin', and some they fancies mowin',
But of all the trades as I like best, give I the turmut-hoeing.
Chorus.
For the fly, the fly, the fly be on the turmut.
And it's all my eye for we to try to keep fly off the turmut.
OLD DORSET SONGS. 29
Now the next place as I went to work, it were at Farmer
Tower's,
He vowed and sweared and then declared, I were a first-rate hoer.
Now the next place as I went to work, I took it by the job,
But if I'd ha' knowed it a little afore, I'd sooner been in quod.
Chorus.
When I was over at yonder farm, they sent for I a'-mowin',
But I sent word back I'd sooner have the sack than lose my
turmut-hoeing.
Now all you jolly farming lads as bides at home so warm,
I now concludes my ditty with wishing you no harm.
Chorus.
IV. NAUTICAL FOLK-SONGS. As Dorset possesses a sea-
coast, it is more than likely that there are many old sea songs
in the county needing to be sought out. Here is one, which
comes from Buckland Newton.
THE CROCODILE.
Now listen, you landsmen, unto me, to tell you the truth I'm
bound,
What happened to me by going to sea, and the wonders that I
found :
Shipwrecked I was once off Perouse and cast upon the shore,
So then I did resolve to roam, the country to explore.
Chorus.
To my rit fal lal li bollem tit ! to my rit fal lal li dee !
To my rit fal lal li bollem tit ! to my rit fal lal li dee !
'Twas far I had not scouted out when close alongside the ocean
I saw something move which at first I thought was all the world
in motion ;
But steering up close alongside I found 'twas a crocodile,
And from his nose to the tip of his tail he measured five hundred
mile.
Chorus.
30 OLD DORSET SO1S 7 GS.
'Twas a crocodile, I plainly could see he was not of a common
race,
For I was obliged to climb a high tree before I could see his
face ;
And when he lifted up his jaw (though perhaps you may think
'tis a lie)
He reached above the clouds for miles three score, and almost
touched the sky.
Chorus.
While up aloft the wind was high, it blew a gale from the south,
I lost my hold and away did fly right into the crocodile's mouth.
He quickly closed his jaws on me, and thought he'd got a victim,
But I ran down his throat, d'ye see ? and that's the way I tricked
him.
Chorus.
I travelled on for a month or two, till I got into his maw,
Where I found of rum-kegs not a few, and a thousand fat
bullocks in store.
Of life I banished all my care, for of grub I was not stinted,
And in this crocodile I lived ten years and very well contented.
Chorus.
This crocodile being very old, one day, alas ! he died.
He was ten long years a-getting cold, he was so long and wide.
His skin was eight miles thick, I'm sure, or very near about,
For I was full ten years or more a- cutting my way out.
Chorus.
And now I am once more got on earth I've vowed no more to
roam.
In a ship that passed I got a berth, and now I'm safe at home.
And if my story you should doubt, should you ever travel the
Nile,
It's ten to one you'll find the shell of the wonderful crocodile.
Chorus.
OLD DORSET SONGS. 31
V. GENERAL FOLK-SONGS. Here are ten Dorset specimens,
mostly " love-songs " :
THE PRICKLY BUSH.
" Just bret still and tarry for awhile,
Methinks I see my father dear coming over yonder stile.
Oh, father dear, have you silver or gold to set my body free,
For to keep my body from the cafe cold ground, and my neck
from the gallows' tree ? "
" Oh, no, I have no silver or gold to set thy body free ;
But I am come for to see you hung, and your neck to the
gallows' tree."
Chorus.
" Oh, the prickly bush : it pricks my heart full sore.
If ever I get out of the prickly bush, I'll never get in any
more,
The above verse is repeated four times more with the succes-
sive substitutions of " mother," " sister," " brother," and
"true love" for "father" ; but in the case of the "true love"
she replies :
" Oh, yes, I have both silver and gold to set thy body free ;
I am not come for to see you hung, nor your neck to the
gallows' tree."
Chorus.
" Oh, the prickly bush : it pricked my heart full sore.
But, now I'm out of the prickly bush, I'll never get in any
more."
This is a Dorset version of this well-known song. Somerset
and Buckinghamshire and other counties have their own
versions. " Bret" and " cafe " are two curious words.
32 OLD DORSET SONGS.
THE KING'S FIRST COURSE.
I went unto the King's first course,
How I did knock and ring !
And the very very first that answered me
Was the high and lofty King.
Chorus.
Ri fal de dal de diddle di de ri fal de dal di de.
" What do you want of me, fair maid ?
What do you want of me ? "
" There is a man in your first course
That has a-robbed me."
Chorus.
11 What has he robbed you of, fair maid ? "
The King he said to me.
" Has he robbed you of any of your houses or land ?
Or of any of your gold ? " cried he.
Chorus.
" He has not robbed me of houses or land,
Or any of my gold," cried she,
" But the finest flower that my garden grows,
Of that he has robbed me."
Chorus.
" What will you know him by, my fair maid ?
What will you know him by ? "
" I will know him by the cape of his coat
And the winking of his eye."
Chorus.
OLD DORSET SONGS. 33
He called his soldiers by his side,
By one, by two, by three.
Sweet William used to be the very very first,
But the last to come down was he.
Chorus.
" I'll give you houses, I'll give you land,
I'll give you gold," cried he,
" If you will but fancy some other young man
And will not fancy me."
Chorus.
" I don't want your houses, I don't want your land,
Nor any of your gold," cried she ;
" But all I want, and all I'll have,"
Is thy sweet and whole bodee."
Chorus.
So the very first town that we went through
We bought the gay gold ring ;
And the very next town that we went through
We set the bells to ring.
Chorus.
THE LOST LADY.
'Twas down in the valley this damsel did dwell ;
She lived with her uncle, as all know-for well.
'Twas down in the valley, where violets were gay,
Three gipsies betrayed her and stole her away.
Long time she'd been missing and could not be found ;
Her uncle he searched the country around.
He came to her trusty (i.e., trustee), between hope and fear ;
The trustv made answer " She has not been here."
34 OLD DORSET SONGS.
The trusty spoke up : " Her courage was bold ;
I fear she's been lost for the sake of her gold.
We'll have life for life, sir," the trusty did say ;
" We'll send you to prison and there let you stay."
He travelled through England, through France, and through
Spain.
(He ventured his life on the watery main.)
He came to a house, where he lodged for a night,
And in that same house was his own heart's delight.
She saw him, she knew him, she flew to his arms,
She told him her grief while engaged in her charms.
" Why did you disbine me, my dearest ? " cried he.
" Three gipsies betrayed me and stole me away."
" Your uncle's in England, in prison does lie,
And for your sweet sake he's condemned to die."
" O, take me to England, my dearest," she cried ;
" One thousand I'll give you, and will be your bride."
When she came to old England her uncle to see,
The cart it was under the high gallows' tree.
" O pardon, O pardon, O pardon, I crave."
" See, see, I'm alive your sweet life for to save."
And straight from the gallows they led him away ;
The bells they did ring, and the music did play,
Each house in the valley with mirth did abound,
As soon as they heard the lost lady was found.
This Dorset version is evidently a corrupt form. Perhaps,
too, some verses are missing.
OLD DORSET SONGS. 35
I'M A MAN THAT'S DONE WRONG TO
MY PARENTS.
I'm a man that's in trouble and sorrow,
That once was light-hearted and gay ;
Not a coin in this world can I borrow,
Since my own I have squandered away.
I once wronged my father and mother,
Till they turned me out from their door,
To beg, starve, or die, in the gutter to lie,
And ne'er enter their dwelling no more.
Chorus.
I'm a man that's done wrong to my parents,
And daily I wander about,
To earn a small mite for my lodging at night.
God help me, for now I'm cast out !
Then my father will say when he meets me,
" You beggar, you still are at large,
And mind, sir, that you don't come near me,
Or by heaven I will give you in charge."
My mother, poor thing's broken-hearted ;
To meet me she ofttimes will try,
For to give me a crown with her head hanging down
And a tear rolling out of her eye.
Chorus.
I'd a sister that married a squire,
She'll ne'er look nor speak unto me,
Because in this world she's much higher,
And rides in her carriage so free.
Then the girl that I once loved so dearly
Is dying broken-hearted, they say,
And there on her bed she is lying near dead,
And now for her outcast doth pray.
Chorus.
36 OLD DORSET SONGS.
Kind friends, now from me take a warning
From what I have just said to you,
And I hope in my dress you won't scorn me,
For you don't know what you may come to ;
And I try to be honest and upright,
And do all the good that I can ;
And I try all I know to get on in this world,
And prove to my friends I'm a man.
Chorus.
This song, which is credited with a Dorset origin, is not
infrequently sung by tramps. It was heard recently in the
streets of Weymouth.
THE PUNCH-BOWL.
O come listen awhile and I'll sing you a song
In the praise of good brandy and Jamaica get rum ;
Strong beer and good cider through England doth run ;
Sweet orange and lemons from Portugal come.
Chorus.
Give me the punch ladle, I'll fathom the bowl ;
Give me the punch ladle, I'll fathom the bowl,
I'll fathom the bowl, I'll fathom the bowl ;
Give me the punch ladle, I'll fathom the bowl.
My wife she'll come in, and will sit at her ease ;
She'll pay what she'll call for, and drink what she please ;
She'll drink till she's black in the face as a coal.
Give me the punch ladle, I'll fathom the bowl ;
Give me the punch ladle, I'll fathom the bowl, &c.
My father is dead, and he lies in the seas ;
What matter of that if he lies at his ease ?
A clear crystal fountain through England doth roll.
Give me the punch ladle, I'll fathom the bowl, &c.
OLD DORSET SONGS. 3 J
SALLY IS THE GIRL FOR ME.
Last week I was twenty-one ;
My master set me free,
And now I've money plenty,
I'm just going to have a spree.
Chorus.
For she has got such winning ways
To spend her money free,
And here's good liquor, come and drink.
Oh, Sally is the girl for me.
Her waist, that was so slender,
Her ankle was so small ;
If 'twasn't for her heel
She'd have no foot at all.
Chorus.
If all the girls in our town
Was melted into one,
I'd marry them all if I'd think fit,
Or else I'd let them run.
Chorus.
To see her on a Sunday
As through the streets she'd walk
You'd think it was Victoria
Just landed in New York.
Chorus.
For this song and "The Punch-Bowl" I am indebted to the
Rev. E. Capel-Cure, Rector of Stour Provost, who obtained
them from an aged parishioner. Versions of " The Punch-
Bowl " exist in other parts of England. " Sally is the Girl for
me " is evidently a more modern song, although the allusion to
"Victoria" need not necessarily determine its date. That may
be a name substituted to bring the song " up-to-date."
38 6LD DORSEt SONOiS.
SARY SIKES.
To me, said mother t'other day,
" Why, Gyles, you seem to pine away ! "
" Yes, mother, as I grows old I grant
I feel as 'ow there's summat I want.
There's Sary Sikes, the girl I likes,
Of her I'm thinking all my life ;
She looks so sweet, and is so meek.
How fat I should get if I had her for wife ! "
Chorus.
Tooral, looral, looral, looral, &c.
" Lord, love the boy," my mother said,
" Why don't 'e go and court the maid ?
For every Jack there is a Jill."
" So there, mother, then so I will."
Myself I drest in all my best,
A nosegay sweet in my button-hole hung,
I saddled my hos, and jumped across,
And as I cantered along I sung.
Chorus.
I soon got up to Farmer Sikes'.
I hitched my hos, and in I hikes.
All were abroad, so quite at ease
I helped myself to bread and cheese.
I drank some beer, and then did steer
To look for Sary (my heart in a flutter),
When in the dairy, like a fairy,
There was my Sary a churning of butter.
Chorus.
OLD DORSET SONGS. 39
" Lor, Gyles," said she, " why who'd a-thought
Of seeing thee : Why, what has brought
Thee here to-day ? " Said I " Of course
I was brought hither by my horse.
O, Sary Sikes, 'tis you I likes ;
Yes, Sary, you're my only joy."
She looked so coy and said " O, fie.
What is it you want, you foolish boy ? "
Chorus.
" Why, Sary, I wants to fix in life,
And you I wish to be my wife."
" Lor, Gyles, you don't mean that, I know."
" Yes, Sary, 'pon my soul I do."
Then kiss, consent, without any fuss,
Without any fuss, with her apron thus,
She wiped her mouth and gave me a buss.
(There is a line missing here.}
Chorus.
Then off we went a-squeezin' hands
To tell the parson about the banns.
W T hen we came back we did find means
To make our dinner off bacon and greens.
We're married now, and I somehow
Am only happy with my wife ;
I love her and press her, and cry " God bless her."
I was never so happy all the days of my life.
Chorus.
ROBEN'S COORTEN.
As I be thee mother, and thou bee'st me zon, ,
Coom, listen to pearant's advice
Put on thee best clothes and thee fine yaller hose,
And goo out and zeek thee a wife, thee must.
Aye, thee must, that thee must ;
Thee must q-oo out and zeek thee a wife, thee must.
46 OLt> DORSET SONGS.
Then Roben put on his very best clothes,
Which were nayther ragged nor torn,
His best Zunday clothes, and his fine yaller hose,
And he looked like a gen'leman born, er' did.
A' a, er' did, that er' did,
Er' looked like a gen'leman born, er' did.
As Roben were walken along th' road,
Not minden the t'other fine folk,
He happened to kiss th' wife of a priest,
An' she had 'en clapped into th' stocks, she did.
A'a she did, that she did,
She had 'en clapped into th' stocks, she did.
The next one that Roben wer' smitten to
Wer' th' butcher's fat darter called Greace.
He hadn't a-zaid 24 words or more,
When she hit 'en a slap in th' fe'ace, she did.
A'a, she did, that she did,
She hit 'en a slap in th' fe'ace, she did.
! ooman ; ! ooman, thee sure must be mad
To beate such a gallant as I.
Th' blood from my nose ha' spoiled by best clothes
And I never '11 get me a wife, I wunt.
Nay, I wunt, that I wunt,
1 never '11 zeek me a wife, I wunt.
If these be the waay I goo zeek me a wife,
I'll never goo zeek me another,
But single I'll bide all the days o' me life,
And I'll goo hwome to my mother, I 'ool.
A'a, I 'ool, that I 'ool,
I'll goo hwome to my mother, I 'ool.
OLD DORSET SONGS. 41
When she zaw 'en a-coomen along th' road
Her heart wur for yoother's quite glad ;
She called 'en her bwoy, her darlen, her jwoy.
Why, Roben, how quickly thou'rt wed, thou art.
A'a thou art, that thou art.
Why, Roben, how quickly thou'rt wed, thou art.
Now, mother, I tell 'ee 'tis noo zuch a thing,
I wur never zoe sheamed in my life ;
I have spoiled my best clothes and my fine yaller hose,
An' I'll never goo zeek me a wife, I wunt.
Nay, I wunt, that I wunt.
I'll never goo zeek me a wife, I wunt.
This song was probably written about the time of the
foundation of the Blue Coat School (1552), when the "yaller
hose " worn by the boys was in full fashion.
ANOTHER COURTING SONG.
He. I will give you a silken gownd,
Nine yards long, to trail on the ground,
If you'll be my love and my only dear,
And go walking with me anywhere.
She. I'll not accept of a silken gownd,
Nine yards long, to trail on the ground ;
I'll not be your love and your only dear,
And go walking with you anywhere.
He. I'll give you the keys of the little chest
And all within that is now possesst,
If you'll be my love and my only dear,
And go walking with me anywhere.
OLD DORSET SONGS.
She. I'll not accept the keys of the little chest
And all that within is now possesst ;
I'll not be your love and your only dear,
And go walking with you anywhere.
He. I'll give you the very keys of my heart
To bind us together till death us do part,
If you'll be my love and my only dear,
And go walking with me anywhere.
She. I will accept the keys of your heart
To bind us together till death us do part ;
I will be your love and your only dear,
And go walking with you anywhere.
THE NATIONAL ANTHEM.
As sung in Dorset in 1809.
God save great George our King,
Long live our noble King,
God save the King.
May he defend our laws,
And ever give us cause,
To sing with heart and voice
Long live the King.
From every latent foe,
From the assassin's blow,
God save the King.
O'er him Thine arm extend,
For Britain's sake defend
Our father, prince, and friend ;
God shield the King.
OLD DORSET SONGS. 43
God save Charlotte our Queen,
Long live our gracious Queen,
God save the Queen.
May all her virtues shine
Throughout the Brunswick line
Until the end of time ;
Long live the Queen.
Fame, let thy trumpet sound,
Tell all the world around ;
Great George is King.
Tell Holland, France, and Spain
All idle threats are vain,
Britannia still rules the main,
And great George is King.
of
of i$e gourf
"gftcmor of
By W. MILES BARNES.
T is surprising how little attention manorial court
rolls have attracted, yet to the local historian
they are invaluable ; in them he finds for
generations the names of the tenants of the
manor, who, with their families, constituted the
bulk of the population, a description of their
holdings, their rents, the names of their tene-
ments, the position of their dwelling houses and
farm buildings, the customs of the manor, the names of the
steward and officers of the court ; even the disputes of the
tenants amongst themselves over parochial matters are duly
chronicled. No history of a parish can be considered complete
* Winterborne Waste seems to be a corruption for Winterborne Vaste (i.e.,
De Vasto's Winterborne). The name Vast was probably spelt wast, and the two
small v's, standing for a capital V, were mistaken by some copyist for a W.
It was a common practice to use a duplicated small letter for a capital letter
thus, in the minutes of the Court held October, 1696, February is spelt ffebruary.
ROLLS OF COURT BARON OF WINTERBORNE WASTE. 45
which does not take into account the contents of the court rolls
of the manor to which it belonged.
Yet, though an innumerable number of rolls exist in many
parishes, nothing is known of them even by their possessors, who
are sometimes quite unconscious that such interesting historical
documents are in their deed chests, and they are so little
regarded that many have been sold fora song to London second-
hand booksellers, and may often be purchased from them for
a few shillings.
On looking over the new index to our volumes, I do not find
that the court rolls of a single parish in Dorset have been
brought under the notice of the Members, and it is strange that,
though there must be in the county so many highly-interesting
manorial court rolls, the first to be noticed in these pages should
be those of a very unimportant manor.
The Rolls of the Court Baron of the Manor of Winterborne
Waste, alias Mounckton, now known as Winterborne Monkton,
Dorset, are believed to be in private hands, but rough drafts of
some of them probably the minutes of the several meetings of
the court from which the rolls were engrossed, as they bear the
autographs of the members of the homage present at them
have been put into my hands ; they are a very imperfect series.
The earliest is dated October 3oth, 1673, the latest, April 3rd,
1788. From them it appears that two courts were generally held
in each year. Sometimes a special court was held in addition for
accepting a surrender or transacting other business, which came
out of course. The following is a list of the years of which
there are minutes of the court. When the minutes of both
courts held in a year exist a (2) in brackets is added after the
date of the year: 1673, 1675 (2), 1677 (2), 1679, 1682 (2),
1683, 1685, 1686 (2), 1693, 1695, 1696, 1698, 1699, 1705, 1707,
1712 (2), 1717, 1730, 1750, 1753, 1754, 1758, 1761, 1764, 1765,
1767, 1770, 1771, 1772, 1776, 1778, 1781, 1782, 1784(2), 1786,
and 1788.
I will now give specimens of two of the earliest rolls, those for
October, 1673, and April, 1675, and two of the later ones for
46 ROLLS OF COURT BARON OF WINTERBORNE WASTE.
July, 1753, and May, 1750. Most of the abbreviations used in
the originals have been extended in these copies. Following
these are extracts from the other rolls, and lastly the list of the
tenants on the manor and a survey of their tenements made on
the death of John Stevins, " Lord of the Manor and farmer."
The word farmer is used in the same sense in which the word
from which it is derived is used in the Domesday survey. John
Stevins farmed the rents, not the land ; he was lessee of the
manor and lordship. The true Lords of the Manor were the
Dean and Chapter of Exeter, who seem to have exercised some
kind of supervision, as on the minutes of two of the courts there
is a note "The Deane and Chapter saw this." This dual
lordship may have been the cause of the misunderstanding
mentioned in the roll of April ijth, 1784, when one tenant
refused to attend the court and another tried to prevent the
lessee from doing so. The incident is mentioned in its place.
1673
The presentment of the homage of the Manor of Winterborne
Wast all s Mouncton att ye court Barren held ye 3Oth day of
October 1673 viz.
Imprimis we present that wee doe not know any Tennant
deceased since ye last courte.
Item, we present Elizabeth Pooke widdow for encroaching
vppon widd Alic Pooke and Mr. Walker gent ground in ye
furland called by ye name of Marie, time is given her to allott
back the same unto the said widdow Alic Pooke and Mr. Walker
before Michaelmas next one payne of IDS.
Item we present Thomas Walker gent for sufferinge his stable
to be in decay time is given him to repaire the said stable before
Midsummer next on paine of 133. 40!.
John Petty Joseph Bascom
John Middleton John Blanchard
George Reade William Read
William Middleton
ROLLS OF COURT BAROX OF WINTERBORNE WASTE. 47
1675
The presentment of the homage of the Mannore of Winter-
bourne Wast als Moimckton att ye Court Barran held the 23rd
day Aprill 1675
Imprimis. We present that we doe not know any Tennant
deceased since ye last court
Item. Wee present Ursvlae Michell widoe for sufferinge her
house to be in decay time is giuen her for repaireinge the Same
before Michs next one payne of IDS.
Item. Wee present John Blanchard for not making fast his
cloase hedge and therefore fined 135 4d time is giuen him to
make him fast before May day next one payne of IDS
Item. Wee present Anthony Knight for not making fast his
fence att meare ditch, therefore fined time is giuen to make
him fast before May day next on payne of 203.
Item. Wee present georg Read for not making fast his fince
at Meare ditch therefore fined 55. time is given him to make
him fast before May day next one payne of i os.
Item. Wee present Anthony Knight for encroaching vppon
his neighbours Land mark Thomas Walker gent & Alias Pook
widow in a certain furland called by ye name of Marie which
was formerly presented and doth yett refuse to Restore it back
again therefore he has forfeited his former Amerciament which
was 5 os. and doth still refuse to allote back againe therefore
fined 2os. more
Item. We present Georg Read. . . Anthony knight for not
aparing at court therefore find as on their heads.
Item. We present y* every Tennant is to come to strike
furrows and to pitch bon stones att the warning of ye church-
wardens with their horses and sulls as ye churchwardens shall
apoint between ye date abouesaid and May day next ensuing one
payne of 55. each one making default
John Middleton Joseph Bascome
William Middleton William Read
John Blanchard
48 ROLLS OF COURT BARON OF WINTERBORNE WASTE.
1753
The Manor of Winterborne Wast otherwise Muncton.
The Court Baron and Court of survey of William Taunton
Lord and Farmer of the said Manor there held the 3oth day of
July in the year of our Lord 1753. By. Wm. Templeman Junr.
Steward William Notley app and sworne
Homage John Keates ^ Thomas Rose ^
Sam Winzar Uworne William Notley Uworne
John BalstoneJ Thos. Walker J
Imprimis. We present the usual breakings and laying up of
the Common fields.
Item. We present that no suck Lamb shall be fed on the
Commons nor any ducks or geese there on penalty of 35. 4d.
Item. We present that no fold runs with their dams in the
Commons on the penalty of IDS. each fold.
Item. We present Henry Wyer is dead since the last court
and that the widow Wyer is dead since the last court, and that
the widow Wyer held for her widowhood the Tenement he died
possessed of.
Item. We present that Susannah Bascombe widow is also dead
since the last court that a Heriot is paid and that the Lords next
Tennant is Mary Kexton formerly Bascombe.
Item. We present the widow Petty dead since the last court
and that Widow Wyer holds the same for her widowhood that a
Heriot has been paid for the same.
Item. We present all our ancient customs.
Item. We present William Notley and Benjamin Whiteway to
be leazors for the year ensuing
Jno Keates Thomas Rose
Jno Balston Sam. Winzar
William Notley
ROLLS OF COURT BARON OF WINTERBORNE WASTE. 49
The Manor \ At a Court Baron of William Tatmton Gent Lord
of land Farmer of the said Mannor there held the 2ist
Monkton J Day of May 1750
by R Lumley Kingston, Steward
John Keate -\
The Homage Henry Wyer [sworn
Thomas Rose.
The presentment of the Homage for the Manor of Monkton.
We present, that the ground called Orchard be laid up the
loth of May and broken the 23rd of June following by Calves
only till the ist day of August. That the horse Leaze be laid up
the loth of May and broke i5th July following.
We present. That no person let loose his Horse on the Leaze
wilfully on forfeiting of 53. each Horse.
We present. That the Cow Leaze known by the name of the
Moor be laid up the ist Sunday after Candlemas and broken the
3rd of May.
That no horse shall feed in the Winter Leaze after Harvest
untill Micha 8 Day on forfeiture of 55. for each horse to the
Leasers, and no tenant to Loose his horses nor Cows in the
Corn fields nor under the hedges within the manner on forfeiture
of 35. 4d. each horse or Cow to the Leazers
That the mead be laid up the ist day of March and broken
the ist Sunday after Thomas a Beckett
That the Gralton ground be laid up the ist day of March and
broken the ist day of August.
That no cows Bullocks or Horses be put into the Cow Leaze
before day nor after night on penalty of is. for each offence.
That the ist Breech for Sheep, be the yth day of September,
the znd the 8th of October, the 3rd the 2 ist of October, the 4th
the loth of November, and the 5th on St. Thomas Day.
That the horses break the winter lease at Micfcas day and the
Cow Lease the nth day of Nov.
That no Tenant within the Mannor shall suffer a pig or pigs
to go unringed from the end of Harvest till Michas day and that
50 ROLLS OF COURT KARON OF WINTERBORNE WASTE.
no pig go out in the field or Common within the mannor after
the time afores d on paying 35. 4<1. each pig.
That the furrows be struck and Bond Stones placed in the
Common field within the mannor and the Bailiffe give notice to
the Ten ts to appear the 6th of May on penalty of 35. 40!.
That all the lotts out of repair be putt in repair before the 5th
of June next and so kept on the penalty of 6s. 8d. and in 15 days
after proper notice given them by the Leasers if not done within
the time to forfeit 133. 4d. for every defect
That no dung shall be carried up on the stubble nor in Hook
ground after the ist day of Aug 1 next till the yth of Sept r on
penalty of 6s. 8d.
That no tenant plow up any of the Summer field till the 2oth
of September nor any stubble land in Hook ground after the ist
day of August till the 2 6th of Sep r on forfeiture of 6s. 8d.
That any tenant may keep a mare instead of a Horse or
Gelding but not with a fole on pain of forfeiting of 203. when
pounded by the Leasers.
That the Hayward take no more than 2d. for each Horse or
Cow or kind or for a swine or for one sort of sheep.
That no tenant keep geese or ducks in the Common or in the
ffield on pain of 33. 4d. each.
That after barley sowing there shall be no way through the
Corn Field for more than a single horse on penalty of is. for
each Horse and that no person shall keep a suck lamb to go on
the Common on pain of 33. 40!.
We present that Eliz Notley widow is dead since the last Court
and that Henry Wyer is the Lord's next Ten* who came in to
Court and claimed to be admitted and was admitted accordingly
and did his Fealty and that at her death a Heriot became due to
the Lord w h is paid.
We present that Henry Notley is dead since the last Court and
that William Notley is the Lord's next Ten 1 who came into court
and claimed to be admitted and was admitted accordingly and
did his Fealty and that at his death a heriot became due to the
Lord w h is paid.
ROLLS OF COURT BARON OF WINTERBORNE WASTE. 5 I
We present farmer Kexton and Farmer Wyer to be leazers and
Ed\v d Bird to be Hayward for the y r .
We present that the Horses belonging to the passonage shall
not be changed within a month nor to be out before Day or
after night under the penalty of 6s. 8d. each offence.
Jn Keate
Henry Wyer.
NOTES AND EXTRACTS.
Amongst the place names the following occur as names of
fields : The Grattan ground, horse leaze, moor or cow leaze,
winter leaze, Hook, Orchard.
In the earlier rolls especially church festivals are given as
dates for the opening and closing of elds and other agricultural
operations, as Candlemas, Thomas Day, Thomas of Becket,
Allhollontide Allhollontide old style, S. Luke, Martinstide,
Marston Day, Lammas day.
The roll for March, 1758, is inscribed "I had these of Justin
Williams .... Cort Steweard in George Loworthy time."
The names of some of the Lords of the Manor appear on a
few of the rolls, from which we gather that in 1679 Lewes
Stevins was Lord of the Manor, and in
1697-1717 John Stevins.
1719 Exors. of John Stevins, John Stevins being
declared to be defunct.
1750-1788 William Taunton.
Members of the homage are fined from time to time " for not
appearing to do their Lord's service at the Court."
Oct. 1 6. 1696. We present ye common hedges to be fenced
and repaired by ye tenth day of ffebruary and doe impower ye
church wardens to collect ye money of all yt are to pay to it, to
be repaired by ye loth of ffebruary next on paine of zos. each
person denying.
52 ROLLS OF COURT BARON OF WINTERBORNE WASTE.
Sep. ye 27. 1683. Item. Wee present John Petty for his
barnswall next Goody Pooks back side to be in decay time is
giuen for the repairing thereof one payne of 1 6s. 8d.
1698. The mead "to be common ye soundy after yrean
ffaire." It seems possible that " yrean ffaire " may mean
"hiring fair," but in 1705 " Green fair" is mentioned. No fair
that I am aware of is known under that name now.
July 7. 1682. Item. We present ye chourch hous to be in
decay time is given till the next court one the penalt of 6s. 8d.
(The church house was still in decay September, 1683.)
It was the duty of the tenant to whose holding it belonged to
keep the church house in repair. Thus in 1754 John Kextone
was responsible for this duty. 1754. "At this court John
Kexton was admitted Ten* in right of Mary his wife to all those
tenem 1 " called Bascombes a quarter part of Palmers and the
Church House and which Tenemen* 8 Sussannah Bascoms widow
died in possession for her widowhood."
Nov. 5. 1767. " Item. We present John Kextone letting the
Church house to be very ruinous and in decay Time is given
him till Lady Day next to repair it on payment of ten pounds.
(Same roll.) Item, we present the widow Casher for letting
the buildings of her Tenement to be very ruinous and in decay
and that she have forfeited her Tenement until the Lord is
repaid for the rebuilding of it."
June 21. 1781. We present that the horses belonging to the
parsonage shall not be changed within a month nor to be out
day nor after night under the penalty of 6s. 8d. for each offense.
May 2. 1750. " That no cows, bullocks or horses be put into
cow leaze before day nor after night on penalty of is. for each
offence
1730. "Item. We present that the overseers of the poor
within this parish and mannoer shall have full power from time
to time to repair the parish well that is in common as often as
needfull and to be reimbursed by the poor rate and no horse to
drink out of the bucket belonging to the said well knowingly on
pain of is. for each offence.
ROLLS OF COURT BARON OF WINTERBORNE WASTE. 5 j
In the roll for 1761 the parish well is stated to be "in the
common."
April 13. 1784. ."We also present that Henry Kexton one of
the customary or copyhold tenants of this manor did refuse when
sworn of the homage to present the truth according to his oath
and that the said Henry Kexton hath twice since refused to
attend the Lord's Court when thereto requested by the Lord in
person.
We also further present 'that Joan Wyer widow did positively
and peremptorily refuse the Lord in person admittance into the
ancient Court house or customary place of holding the Courts of
the said manor at time immemorilly together with the tenants
attending their Lord upon that occasion."
The court roll of the following year (1785) is missing, so that
the sequel to this story of the tenant defying the Lord, refusing
him access to his own Court, is wanting. The misunderstanding
probably arose from the dual ownership mentioned in the intro-
duction.
In the following year 1786 the Court presented the death of
Joan Wyer. Joan Wyer as widow of John Wyer possessed for
her widowhood three tenements within the manor " by whose
death three Heriotsare due to the Lord according to the Custom
of the Manor."
In this year Peter Barrett and Thos. Barrett, blacksmith, of
Bradford Peverel received a grant of three tenements, probably
those held by Joan Wyer. For these they paid a fine of ;io los.
and rents of 95. yd. each. "And so the said Peter Barrett and
Thomas Barrett are admitted Tenants and did fealty to the Lord."
Nov. 4. 1730. Item. We present that at every ensuing Court
Baron to be held for this mannoer shall be defrayed six shillings
and eight pence in providing a Recepcon (?) for the dinner of
the Tennants of this Mannoer in a piece of Beef Bread and Beer
which money shall be laid out by the Overseers of the poor of
this parish of Monckton for the time being and they to reimburse
themselves from time to time out of the poor rate proportionable
to the value of each Tennants Tenem*.
54 ROLLS OF COURT BARON OF WINTERBORNE WASTE.
APPOINTING THE HOMAGE.
A court was held for the appointment and swearing in of the
homage, after which the court adjourned and met for the trans-
action of business later in the year.
MANNER OF SUMMONING THE COURT.
Specimens are given beneath of summons issued in 1695 and
1705. Following these is a list of the tenants of the manor and
a copy (the abbreviated Latin extended) of the survey of the
manor, with a description of the holding of each copyholder,
accepted at the Court held after the death of John Stevins
(1719-1722). It will be seen that the Latin is rather corrupt.
1695
Winterlorne Waste ff Charles Roberts genl. Steward of the
mannoer aforesaid.
To Mrs Susanna Mogg these are to Desire you to cause to be
made knowne that the Court Barren for the manoer aforesaid is
to be holden and kept on Munday the two and twentieth day of
Aprill next by nine of the clocke in the forenoone of the place
accustomed. And that y u sumon and warne the tenants of the
said mannoer to appeare at the said Court to doe their respective
suite and services and that they pay in their Rent at the Court
otherwise they will be distrained for the same. And that you
sumon and warne William Middleton to appear at the said Court
to answer to a presentm* ab 1 him made and that y u then and
there make returne of this precept Giuen vnder my hand the
3oth day of March 1695
Car Roberts Seneschal ifcm.
Another copy is signed Charles Roberts steward.
1705. Winterlourne Waste ff Richard Evens Steward of the
Mannoer aforesaid
To Rich 11 Keate these are to desire you to cause to be made
knowne that the Court Baron to John Stevins gen for the
mannoer aforesaid is to be holden and kept on munday the
ROLLS OF COURT BARON OF WINTERBORNE WASTE. 55
second day of July next by Tenn of the Clocke in the forenoone
att the place accustomed at w ch time and place all persons
concerned are to make their appearance and giue their attend-
ance.
Giuen vnder my hand the iQ th day of June
Richard Evans Steward.
Transcript.
COURT ROLL OF MONKTON, CO. DORSET.
1719-1722.
Manerium de Winterborn )
Wast alias Munckton. )
Curia Baronis Thome Maunsell Armigeri Edmundi Burgh
Armigeri Roberti Andrews Generosi et Philippi Ridgate
Armigeri Legum Doctoris Domini et Firmarii \sic\ Manerii
predicti Administratoris cum Testamento annexe Johannis
Stevins Generosi Defuncti nuper Domini et Firmarii Manerii
predicti ibidem tenta Die Mercurii Quarto die Novembris
Anno Regni Domini nostri Georgii nunc Regis Magne
Britannie etc. sexto Annoque Domini 1719.
per Morganum Harbin
Senescallum ibidem.
Homagium ibidem.
Edwardus Pierce generosus Jurator
Ricardus Keate
Willelmus Bascombe > Juratores
Robertus Notley
Irrotulatur sic Cum Johannes Middleton films Willelmi
Middleton senioris in Curia predicti Johannis Stevins pro
Manerio predicto tenta decimo tertio die Maii Anno Regni
5 6 ROLLS OF COURT BARON OF WINTERBORNE WASTE.
Willelmi tertii nuper Regis Anglic etc. decimo cepit de eodem
Johanne Stevins ex tradicione sua propria tonsuram dimidie acre
prati in West Ward alias Burnham dimidiamacram prati
extedentem usque ad janam nuper [sic : januam] vocatam
Henry Notlyes Gate unam acram vocatam le Outacre in Chalk
Hill tertiam partem de dimidia acrain boriali parte de Watcombe
unam acram apud Dogbery on the Wall quartern partem unius
acre apud Dogbery dimidiam acram apud Nether Bradon le
Occidentalem acram apud Brofferland le Orientalem acram
subter Henbury le yard subter Rowdon unam acram vocatam le
acre in Slade le Occidentalem acram in Bushell le yard in Marie
et pasturam pro uno equo una vacca una vitula et viginti et
duobus bidentibus tune nuper in possessione cujusdam Johannis
Blanchard de Munckton predicta Habenda et tenenda omnia et
singula premissa predicta cum pertinentiis prefato Johanni
Middleton et Johanni Middleton et Thome Middleton filiis
Willelmi Middleton Junioris pro termino vite eorum et alterius
eorum diucius viventis successive secundum consuetudinem
Manerii predicti per Redditum inde per Annum iij s iiij d ac per
xx s in nomine Heriotti post decessum cujuslibet eorum moriente
Tenente in possessione premissorum Et predictus Johannes
Middleton (fi)ius predicti Willelmi Middleton)
Sursum "\ existens solus Perquisitor premissorum hie in
Redditio
Johannis
Middleton.
plena Curia sursum Redditit in manibus
Dominorum et Firmariorum Manerii predicti
Tonsuram dimidie acre in Westward alias
Burnham et cetera premissa predicta cum
pertinentiis ac totum statum jus titulum et Interesse in eisdem
pro termino vite sue et pro termino vite predictorum Johannis
Middleton et Thome Middleton filiorum predicti Willelmi
Middleton junioris Ea intencione ut placeret \_sic : placerent ?]
modo Domini et Firmarii novum concessum inde pro termino
vite Johannis Petty de Dorchester in comitatu Dorsettie Vestiarii
et Henrici Petty filii predicti Johannis et alterius eorum diucius
viventis successive secundum consuetudinem Manetii predicti
facere super quam quidem sursum Redditionem accidit dictis
ROLLS OF COURT BARON Of WtNTERBORNE WASTE. 57
Dominis et Firmariis de Heriotto ex convencione priore facta
nil super qua venit hie in Curia predictus
Status de novo \ Johannes Petty et cepit de dictis Dominis
concediiur I et Firmariis ex tradicionibus suis propriis
Johanni Petty et j per per \_sic\ manus senescalli Manerii pre-
Henrico Petty. } dicti dimidiam tonsuram predicte acre in
Westward alias Burnham et cetera premissa
predicta cum pertinentiis Habendam et tenendam tonsuram
predicte acre in Westward alias Burnham et cetera premissa cum
pertinentiis prefatis Johanni Petty et Henrico Petty pro termino
vite eorum et alterius eorum diucius viventis successive
secundum consuetudinem Manerii predicti per
Reddiius \ Redditum inde per Annum iij s iiij d legalis
iij s iiij d J monete Magne Britannic ad quatuor Anni
terminos infra Manerium predictum magis
usuales equis porcionibus solvendum Ac per xx s in nomine
Heriotti utriusque eorum moriente Tenente in possessions
premissorum Ac per omnia alia Onera consuetudines sectas et
servicia inde prius debita et de jure consueta Et pro Excambio
predicto et premissis predictis in forma
Finis super -\ predicta habendo predictus Johannes Petty
Excambium j- dat dictis Dominis et Firmariis de Fine xt
x\. J premanibus solutas Et sic idem Johannes
Petty admissus est inde tenentem Et fecit
Johannes Petty \ dictis Dominis et Firmariis fidelitatem Et
admissus. J fidelitas predicti Henrici Petty respec-
tuatur quousque etc. Datum per Copiam
Rotulorum Curie Manerii predicti sub manibus et sigillis
Dominorum et Firmariorum Manerii predicti Die Anno et loco
supradictis.
Manerium de Winterborn )
Wast alias Monkton. J
Ad specialem Curiam Baronis Thome Maunsell Arrnigeri
Edmundi Burgh Armigeri Roberti Andrews generdsi et
58 ROLLS OF COURT BARON OF WINTERBORNE WASTE.
Philippi Ridgate Armigeri Legum Doctoris [sic] Domini et
Firmarii Manerii predicti et Administratoris cum Testa-
mento annexe Johannis Stevins generosi defuncti nuper
Domini et Firmarii Manerii predicti ibidem tenta die Jovis
vicesimo quarto die Decembris Anno Regni Domini nostri
Georgii nunc Regis Magne Britannic etc. sexto Annoque
Domini 1719.
Homagium ibidem.
Edwardus Pierce generosus Jurator.
Willelmus Bascombe) _
> urator.
Ricardus Keate
Juratores predicti super sacramentum suum presentant Quod
Anna Gatrell vidua Relicta Johannis Gatrell
Obitus \ generosi Defuncti que de Dominis et
Anne Gatrell r Firmariis hujus Manerii tenuit pro viduetate
vidue. J sua secundum consuetudinem Manerii
predicti unum Tenementum cum perti-
nentiis infra Manerium predictum citra ultimam Curiam diem
suam clausit extremam unde accidit dictis
Heriotlum xxxj s Dominis et Firmariis unum Heriottum xxxj s
solutum Et quod Johannes Gatreli generosus
films predictorum Johannis Gatrell et Anne uxoris ejus est
proximus Tenens pro termino vite sue secundum consuetudinem
Manerii predicti per Copiam Rotulorum Curie
Admissio Manerii predicti Qui venit et Clamium suum
Johannis inde fiecit Et petit se inde admitti Tenentem
Gatrell. Quod ei conceditur Et admissus est Et fecit
dictis Dominis et Firmariis fidelitatem suam.
Manerium de Winterborn |
Wast alias Munckton. )
Curia Baronis Thome Maunsell Armigeri Roberti Andrews
generosi et Phillipi Ridgate Armigeri Legum Doctoris
ROLLS OF COURT BAROtf OF WINTERBORNE WASTE. 59
Domini et Firmarii Manerii predicti et Administratoris
cum Testamento annexe Johannis Stevins Generosi defimcti
nuper Domini et Firmarii Marerii predicti ibidem tanta die
Lime decimo nono die Martii Anno Regni Domini nostri
Georgii nunc Regis Magne Britannie etc. Octavo Anno
que Domini 1721.
per Morganum Harbin Senescallum ibidem.
Homagium ibidem.
Johannes Keate generosus Jurator.
Robertus Notlev )
T7j j r> I IJuratores.
Edwardus Read ) J
Willelmus Middleton ) T
iir-ii i . r> u 1 Turatores
Willelmus Bascombe j ~
Irrotulatur sic. Ad hanc Curiam venit Nathaniel Gould
Generosus Willelmus Chappie Armiger et Georgius Gould
generosus et hie in plena Curia cepit de Dominis et Firmariis
predictis ex tradicionibus suis propriis
Revercio ^ Revercionem unius Tenement! et dimidii
post
vidudatem
Debora Knight
mdne.
Tenement! cum Horto Gardino et parvo
clauso pasture dicto Tenemento et dimidio
Tenement! adjacentibus cum pertinentiis
continents imam acram aceciam dimidia
'acre prati in le West Meadow unius alie
dmididia acre prati in le Common Meadow vocata Meere trium
Roddarum Prati in Westward vocatarum Burnham Triginta et
octo acrarum terre arabilis jacentium in Communibus Campis
ibidem (videlicet) viginti acrarum jacentium in Occidental!
Campo et Octodecim acrarum jacentium in Oriental! Campo
Aeciam pasture pro Centum bidentibus quinque equis sive
spadonibus quinque vaccis duobus Juvencis et tribus Vitulis
cum pertinentiis nuper in tenura Antonii Knight defuncti et
modo in tenura Debore Knight vidue Relicte predicti Antonii
Knight pro termino viduetatis sue Habendam et tenendam
60 ROLLS Of COURT BARON OF WlNTERfcORNE WASTE.
Revercionem predictam necnon tenementum predictum et
dimidium Tenementi predict! et cetera premissa predicta cum
omnibus et singulis suis pertinenciis
Conceditur \ (Immediate cum post Mortem sursum
Nathanieli Reddicionem Forisfacturam vel alteram
Gould generoso determinacionem status predicte De-
Wilklmo Chappie > bore) prefatis Nathanieli Gould Willelmo
Armigtro et Chappie et Georgio Gould pro termino
Georgia Gould vite eorum et cujuslibet eorum diucius
generoso. J viventis successive secundum Consuetu-
dinem Manerii predicti Per Redditum
Reddilus | inde annuatim cum Revercione predicta \sic.~\
xv s ij d ) accident Quindecim solidorum et duorum
denariorum legalis monete Magne Britannic
ad quatuor Anni terminos infra Manerium predictum magis
usuales equis porcionibus solvendum Ac per omnia alia Onera
Redditus Consuetudines sectas et servicia inde prius debita et de
jure ab antique consueta Et predicti Nathaniel Gould Willelmus
Chappie et Georgius Gould dant dictis
Finis \ Dominis et Firmariis de Fine pro Rever-
cione predicta et premissis predictis in
forma predicta habendis Centum et
quadraginta libras premanibus solutas Et
sic lidem Nathaniel Gould Willelmus
Chappie et Georgius Gould admissi sunt inde Tenentes ut in
Revercione Et fidelitas eorum respectuatur quousque etc. Datum
per Copiam Rotulorum Curie Manerii predicti Ac sub manibus
et sigillis dictorum Domincrum et Firmariorum Die Anno et
loco supradictis.
Ad hanc curiam venit Georgius Gould generosus et hie in
plena curia cepit de dictis Dominis et Firmariis ex tradicionibus
suis propriis Revercionem Omnium Domorum Gardinorum et le
Backside et unius Clausi nuper in possessione Willelmi
Blanchard modo defunct! et parcellce (Anglice a Lott)
Jampnorum in le novo Clause et le Dole prati apud le Crooke
et dimidie acre usque ad Washing Pool Plott et Quatuordecim
centum ct
Quadraginta
libre.
ROLLS OF. COURT BARON OF WINTERBORNE WASTE. 6 I
acrarum et tres particas [sic] terre arabilis in communi campo
(videlicet) le Pitt acre in Sowerland et unius acre apud Outside
de Dogbery et dimidie acre apud Dog-
Revercio post \ bery unius acre apud Higher Braddon
viduetatem unius acre apud le Orientalem Campo
Anne Blanchard I [sic] in Brofferland unius acre in le
vidue. } Stripland unius dimidie acre subter
Bowden unius acre super le Wall subter
Henbury unius acre vocate le claw acre subter Rowden unius
dimidie acre snbter Henbury unius acre in le Marn prope altam
viam et le Orientalem acram in le Burshill unius acre in le Ham
unius dimidie acre in Northover unius dimidie acre in le Slade
unius acre per le Wall apud Swalron unius interioris acre super
le Chalkhill duarum particarum le dimidie acre in Watcomb et
pasture in communi campo pro Quadraginta et quatuor biden-
tibus Duobus equis sive spadonibus duabus vaccis una Juvenca
et una vitula cum pertinentiis Habendam et tenendam Rever-
cionem predictam Necnon Domos Gardina et le Backside
predicta et omnia et singula cetera premissa predicta cum
pertinentiis snperius specificatis (Immediate cum post Mortem
sursum Reddicionem* sive forisfacturam Anne Blanchard vidue
Relicte predicti Willelmi Blanchard aut
Georgio Gould
Nathanieli Gould
generoso d
Wilklmo
Templeman
aliter accident) predicto Georgio Gould
Nathanieli Gould generoso fratri pre-
dicti Georgii Gould et Willelmo
Templeman generoso pro termino vite
eorum et cujuslibet eorum diucius
viventis successive secundum consue-
tudinem Manerii predicti Per Redditum
inde annuatim cum Revercione [sic]
Redditus ) predicta accident vj s v d legalis monete Magne
vj s v d ) Britannie ad quatuor anni Terminos infra
Manerium predictum magis usuales equis
porcionibus solvendum Ac Heriottum quociescunque accident
secundum consuetudinem Manerii predicti Ac per omnia alia
Onera Opera Redditus sectas consuetudines et servicia inde
62 ROLLS OF COURT BARON OF WINTERBORNE WASTE.
prius debita et de jure ab antique consueta Et predictus
Georgius Gould dat dictis Dominis et Firmariis de
Finis } Fine pro Revercione predicta in forma predicta
47! 5 s ) habenda Quadraginta- et septem libras et quinque
solidos premanibus soluta Et sic iidam Georgius
Gould Nathsniel Gould et Willelmus Templeman admissi sunt
inde Tenentes ut in Revercione Set fideiitas eorum respectuatur
quousque etc. Datum etc.
Ad hanc curiam venit Willelmus Bascomb et
Concessio \ cepit de Dominis et Firmariis predictis ex
Wilklmi tradicionibus suis propriis unum cottagium et
Basconibe. unum Gardinum cum pertinentiis communiter
vocatum le Churchouse scituatum infra
Manerium predictum nunc in tenura sive occupacione cujusdam
Benjamini Whittle Habendum et tenedum
Habmdum \ Cottagium et Gardinum predictum cum
Sibi Susanne pertinentiis (Immediate cum post Festum
uxori et Marie
filie e/us.
Annunciacionis beate Marie virginis
proximo futurum) prefato Willelmo
Bascombe Susanne uxori ejus et et [jzV]
Marie filie predictorum Willelmi et Susanne pro termino vitarum
eorum et cujuslibet eorum diucius viventis successive secundum
consuetudinem Manerii predicti Per Redditum
Redditus j s inde annuatim j s legalis monete Magne Britannic
ad' quatuor Anni terminos infra Manerium pre-
dictum magis usuales equis porcionibus solvendum Et pro
Heriotto cum acciderit vj s viij d Ac per omnia
Heriotium
vj* viij d
alia Onera opera consuetudines sectas et
servicia inde prius debita et de jure consueta
ab antique Et pro tali statu et ingressu sic in
Finis x\ premissis habendis predictus Willelmus Bascombe
dat de Fine decem libras premanibus solutas Et sic
Admissio. idem Willelmus admissus est inde Tenentem et fecit
dictis Dominis et Firmariis fidelitatem sed fideiitas
predictarum Susanne et Marie respectuatur quousque etc.
Datum etc,
ROLLS OF COURT BARON OF WINTERBORNE WASTE. 63
Halendum
Henrico
Willelmo et
Thome Notley
filiis ejus.
Concessio Ad hanc curiam venit Robertus Notley et
Roberti Notley cepit de Dominis et Firmariis predictis ex
senioris. tradicionibus suis propriis unum Cottagium
et unum Gardinum cum pertinentiis com-
muniter vocatum Covers house scituatum infra Manerium
predictum modo in separalibus tenuris sive
\ occupacionibus Thome Gary et Elizabethe
Day Habendum et tenendum Cottagium et
Gardinum predictacum pertinentiis (Imme-
diate cum post Festum Annunciacionis beate
Marie Virginis proximo sequens) Henrico
Notley Willelmo Notley et Thome Notley
filiis predicti Roberti Notley pro termino vitarum eorum et cujus-
libet eorum diucius viventis successive secundum
Redditus j* consue tudinem Manerii predicti per Redditum inde
annuation j s legalis monete Magne Britannic Ad
quatuor Anni terminos infra Manerium predictum magis usuales
equis porcionibus solvendum Ac per heriottum
Heriottum \ cum accident vj* viij d Ac per omnia alia onera
vj s viij d ) opera coonsuetudines sectas et servicia inde
prius debits, et de jure ab antique consueta Et
pro tali statu et ingressu sic in premissis habendis predictus
Robertus Notley dat dictis dominis et Firmariis de
Finis \ Fine sex libras et sexdecim solidos premanibus
61 1 6 s ) soluta Et sic predictus Henricus Notley admissus
est inde Tenentem Et fecit dictis Dominis
Henricus \ et Firmariis fidelitatem sed fidelitas pre-
Notley j- dictorum Willelmi Notley et Thome Notley
admissus est J respectuatur quousque etc. Datum &c.
Ad hanc curiam venit Henricus
Concessio \ Notley senior Et cepit de Dominis
Henrici Notley et Firmariis predictis ex tradicionibus
senioris in suis propriis Revercionem unius Tene-
Revercione menti cum uno Hcrreo Gardino et
Roberti Notley et parvo closo pasture dicto Tenemento
Henrici Notley. J adjacente et pertinentiis continentibus
64 ROLLS OF COURT BARON OF WINTERBORNE WASTE.
dimidiam Roddam unius Rodde prati in West Mead et tonsure
dimidie acre prati in Westward vocate Burnham Octodecim
acrarum et dimidie acre in communibus campis ibidem
(videlicet) Novem acrarum et dimidie in le Campo Orientali
et Novem acrarum in le Boreali campo et pasture pro
sexaginta et sex bidentibus tribus equis sive spadonibus
tribus vaccis una Juvenca et duabus vitulis cum pertinentiis
modo in possessions Roberti Notley fratris predicti Henrici
Notley Habendam et tenendam Revercionem predictam necnon
Tenementum predictum et cetera premissa predicta cum
omnibus et singulis suis pertinenciis
Habendum -\ (Immediate cum post mortem sursum
Henrico Notley I Reddicionem forisfacturam vel alteram
Juniori. J determinacionem separalium statuum pre-
dictorum Roberti Notley et Henrici
Notley aut aliter acciderit) Henrico Notley Juniori filio predicti
Henrici Notley senioris pro termino vite sue
Redditus | secundum consuetudinem Manerii predicti Per
ix* z'z/ tl j Redditum inde annuatim cum Revercione
predicta acciderit ix s vij a legalis monete Magne
Brittanie at quatuor Anni terminos infra Manerium predictum
magis usuales equis porcionibus solvendum Ac
Heriottum per heriottum secundum consuetudinem Manerii
predicti Ac per omnia alia onera Redditus sectas
consuetudines et servicia inde prius debita et de jure consueta
Et predictus Henricus Notley senior dat dictis
Finis xx\ Dominis et Firmariis de Fine pro Revercione
predicta et premissis predictis in forma predicta
habendis Viginti libras premanibus solutas Et sic predictus
Henricus Notley Junior admissus est inde Tenentem ut in Rever-
cione Et fidelitas ejus respectuatur quousque etc. Datum etc.
Cum Laurentius Palmer in curia predicti Johannis Stevins
ibidem tenta Decimo sexto die Aprilis Anno regni domine Anne*
nuper Regine Anglie etc. primo cepit de eodem Johanne Stevins
* 16th April, 1702.
ROLLS OF COURT BARON OF WINTERBORNE WASTE. 65
unum Tenementum cum uno Horreo Gardino et une parvo
Closo pastuae dicto Tenemento adjacente continente unam
Roddam et unam dimidiam Roddam prati in Westward
Tonsuram duorum Roddarum Prati in Westward vocatarum
Burnham viginti et quatuor acras terre arrabilis in le commune
campo (videlicet) duodecim acras et unam Roddam in le Campo
Orientali et undecim acras et tres Roddas in le Boreali Campo
et pasturam pro sexaginta et sex Bidentibus tribus equis sive
spadonibus tribus Vaccis una Juvenca et duabus Vitulis cum
pertinenciis nunc in possessione predicti Laurentii Palmer
Habendum et tenendum Tenementum predictum et omnia alia
premissa cum pertinenciis prefato Laurentio Palmer et
Margarette Clarke filie Thome Clarke nuper de Thorncombe
in Comitatu Devonie defuncti (modo uxori Henrici Hine) et
Rebecce Palmer filie predicti Laurentii pro tcrmino vite eorum
et alterius eorum diucius viventis successive secundum consue-
tudinem Manerii predicti per Redditum inde annuatim ix s vij d et
per heriottum etc. Et pro tali statu in premissis habendo idem
Laurentius dedit prefato Johanni
Sursum
Redditio
Laurentii Palmer
de vita sua et
vitarum
Margarette Hine
et Rebecca Palmer.
Stevins xij* xviij d de Fine Nunc ad
hanc Curiam venit predictus Lauren-
tius Palmer (existens solus Perquisitor
premissorum) et sursum Reddit in
manibus Dominorum et Firmariorum
predictum Tenementum et cetera
premissa predicta cum pertinentiis ac
totum statum jus titulum et interesse
sui [sic] in eisdem pro termino vite sue et vitarum predicte
Margarette Hine et Rebecce Palmer et alterius eorum Ex
intencione ut placeret dictis Dominis et Firmariis novum
Concessum inde pro termino vite ipsius Laurentii Palmer et pro
termino vitarum predictarum Rebecce Palmer et Margarette
Hine secundum Consuetudinem Manerii predicti facere prout
post hac sequitur (Excepta pastura pro sex bidentibus de
predictis sexaginta et sex bidentibus) super qua quidem sursum
Redditione accidit dictis Dominis et Firmariis de heriotto ex
66 ROLLS OF COURT BARON OF WINTERBORNE WASTE.
convencione priore facta Nil Et super qua venit hie in Curia
predictus Laurentius Palmer et cepit de dictis Dominis et
Firmariis ex tradicionibus suis propriis predictum Tenementum
Horreum Gardinum parvum Closum Pasture Tonsuram viginti
et quatuor acrarum terre arabilis et pasturam pro sexaginta
bidentibus tribus equis sive spadonibus tribus vaccis una
Juvenca et duabus vitulis cum
Concesio de , pertinentiis Habendum et tenendum
novo predictis Tenementum predictum et cetera
Laurentio, Rebeccc j premissa cum pertinentiis prefato
et Maegarette. * Laurentio Palmer Rebecce Palmer
et Margarette Hine pro termino vite
eorum et alterius eorum diucius viventis successive secundum
Consuetudinem Manerii predicti Pex Red-
Redditus ix s vij d ditum inde per Annum ix s vii d legalis
monete Magne Britannie ad quatuor Anni
terminos infra Manerium predictum magis usuales
Heriottum equis porcionibus solveudum Et per Heriottum cum
accident Ac per omnia alia Onera Redditus
sectacs onsuetudines et servicia inde prius debita et de jure
consueta Et pro tali statu et ingressu de novo sic in premissis
predictis in forma predicta Habendis predictus Laurentius
Palmer dat dictis Dominis et Firmariis de Fine
Finis xx] 8 viginti et unum solidos premanibus solutos Et
sic idem Laurentius Palmer admissus est inde
Laurentius Tenentem Et fecit dictis Dominis et Firmariis
Admissus. fidelitatem Et fidelitas predictarum Rebecce et
Margarete respectuatur quousque etc. Datum etc.
Cum Maria Gover de Munckton predicta vidua in Curia
Johamus Stevins Generosi quondam Domini et Fixmarii Manerii
predicti pro Manerio predicto tenta vicesimo secundo die Maii
Anno regni Domine Anne nuper Regine Magne Britannie etc
undecimo cepit de eodem Johanne Stevins ex tradicione sua
propria Revercionem unius Tenement! unius Horti et parvi
Clausi pasture dicto Tenemento adjacentis sive spectantis
continentis dimidiam Roddam unius Rodde et dimidie Prati in
ROLLS OF COURT BAROX OF WINTERBORNE WASTE. 67
West Mead Tonsure duorum Roddarum prati in Westward
vocatarum Burnham viginti et quatuor acxarum terre arabilis in
Communibus Campis ibidem quorum undecim in East Field et
pasture pro sexaginta et sex ovibus tribus equis sive spadonibus
tribus vaccis una Juvenca et duabus vitulis cum pertinentiis tune
et modo in tenura predicte Marie Cover pro termino viduetatis
sua [sic] seaundum Consuetudinem Manerii predicti Habendam
et tenendam Revercionem predictam et omnia et singula
premissa predicta cum pertinentiis (Immediate cum post mortem
sursum Redditionem sive forisfacturam predicte Marie Cover
aut aliter accident) Johanni Cover et Hanne Cover filio et filie
predicte Marie Cover pro termino vite eorum et alterius eorum
diucius viventis successive secundum Consustudinem Manerii
predicti Per Redditum inde annuatim cum Revercione predicta
accident Novem solidorum et septem denariorum Ae per omnia
alia Onera Redditus sectas Consuetudines inde prius debita etde
jure consueta Et pro tali statu sic in premissis in Ravercione
habendo predicta Maria Cover dedit prefato Johanni Stevins de
Fine Ixxx* Nunc ad hanc curiam venit predicta Maria Cover
(Existens sola Perquisitor premissorum) et sursum Raddidit
in manibus Dominorum et Firmariorum
Sursum
Redditio
Marie Gover
vidue.
Manerii predicti Revercionem Tenement! et
Horti predictorum ac cetera premissa cum
pertineutiis Et totum statum jus Titulum et
interesse sue in eisdem pro termino vite
predicti Johannis Gover et Hanne (modo
uxoris Henrici Middleton de West Woodfford in comitatu
Dorsetice Dairyman) Ea intencione ut placeret dictis Dominis et
Firmariis novum Concessum inde pro termino vite predicti
Johannis Gover Hanne modo uxoris predicti Henrici Middleton
et Elizabethe Dimonl filie Willelmi Dimont de Herringston in
Comitatu predicto Dairyman et cujuslibet eorum diucius viventis
successive secundum Consuetudinem Manerii predicti facere
super quo venit hie in Curia predicti Johannes Gover et Hanna
Middleton et ceperunt de dictis Dominis et Firmariis ex
tradicionibus suis propriis Revercionem predictam Tenement!
Johanni Gover
Hanne Middhton
et Eltzabcthe
Dimont.
68 ROLLS OF COURT BARON OF WINTERBORNE WASTE.
Horti et parvi Clausi pasture et cetera premissa predicta sic ut
prefertur sursum Reddita cum omnibus et singulis suis
pertinentiis Habendam et tenendam Ravercionem predictam
Necnon Tenementum Hortum et parvum Clausum pasture
predicta cum pertinentiis (Imediate cum
Habendum \ post mortem sursum Redditionem Foris-
facturam vel alteram determinacionem
status predicte Marie Gover aut aliter
acciderit) prefatis Johanni Gover Hanne
Middleton et Elizabethe Dimont pro
termino vite eorum et alterius eorum
diucius viventis successive secundum Consuetudinem Manerii
predicti Per Redditum inde annuatim cum
Eedditus \ Revercione predicta acciderit Novem solidorum
ix s vij d ) et septem denariorum legalis monete Magne
Britannic ad quatuor Anni terminos infra
Heriottum. Manerium predictum magis usuales equis
porcionibus solvendum Ac per heriottum secun-
dum Consuetudinem Manerii predicti Ac per omnia alia Onera
opera Redditus consuetudines sectas et servicia inde prius debita
et de jure ab antique consueta Et predicti Johannes Gover et
Hanna Middleton dant dictis Dominis et
Finis xviij\. Firmariis de Fine pro Revercione predicta ac
premissis predictis in forma predicta habendis
Octodecim libras premanibus solutas Et predicti Johannes
Gover Hanna Middleton et Elizabetha Dimont admissi sunt
inde Tenentes ut in Revercione sed fidelitas eorum respectuatur
quousque etc. Datum per Copiam Rotulorum Curie Manerii
predicti sub manibus et sigillis dictorum Dominorum et
Firmariorum die Anno et loco supradictis.
Manerium de Monkton \
alias Winterborn Wast )
Curia Baronis Thome Maunsell Armigeri Roberti Andrews
generosi et Philippi Ridgate Armigeri Legum Doctoris [sic]
ROLLS OF COURT BARON OF WINTERBORNE WASTE. 69
et Domini et Firmarii Manerii predicti (Administratoris
Johannis Stevins Generosi Defuncti nuper Domini et
Firmarii ejusdem Manerii) ibidem tenta die Lune quarto die
Maii Anno Regni Domini nostri Georgii nunc Regis Magne
Britannic et [stc] viij Annoque Domini 1722.
Homagium ibidem
Willelmus Bascombe. Jurator
Robertus Notley) T
Juratores.
Johannes retty ;
Juratores predicti super sacramentum suum presentant Quod
Maria Read vidua (Relicta Willelmi Read)
Obitus Marie \ que de Dominis et Firmariis hujus Manerii
Read vidue. J tenuit pro termino viduetatis sue secundum
Consuetudinem Manerii predicti unum
Tenementum Customarium cum pertinentiis infra Manerium
predictum citra ultimam Curiam diem suam
Heriottum \ clausit extremam unde accidit dictis Dominis
xxxiij 5 vj d } et Firmariis unum Heriottum xxxiij 8 vj d
solutum et quod Johannes Keate Generosus
est proximus Tenens per Copiam Rotulorum Curie Manerii
predicti pro termino vite sue secundum
Johannes Keate ~\ Consuetudinem Manerii predicti Qui
generosus [ venit et clamium suum inde fecit Et
Admissus Tenens. J petit se inde admitti Tenentem Quod ei
conceditur et admissus est Et fecit
Dominis et Firmariis predictis fidelitatem suam.
[Endorsed'} 4 th Nov r 1719. Munckton.
70 ROLLS OF COURT BARON OF WINTERBORNE WASTfi.
Transcript. (From loose sheet.)
COURT ROLL OF MONKTON, CO. DORSET. 1712.
Manerium de Winterborne]
Wast alias Munckton.
Curia Baronis Johannis Stevins generosi Domini et Firmarii
Manerti predicti ibidem tenta die Veneris Vicesimo quarto
Die Octobris Anno Regni Domine nostre Anne Dei gratia
Mague Britannie Francie et Hibernie Regine Fidei Defen-
soris &c. Undecimo Annoque Domini 1712.
per Morgan um Harbin
Deputum Senescallum ibidem.
Tenentes per Copiam.
,, Edwardus Pierce generosus
,, Laurentius Palmer
Georgius Palmer Absconds
,, Franciscus Wadman
,, Robertus Notley
,, Willelmus Bascombe
,, Ricardus Keate
,, Edwardus Read
Willelmus Middleton
Johannes Middleton [per catalla ?] ["peat"]
,, Josephus Druman )
Thomas Middleton ! C
Antonius Knight presens in Curia
sed non vocatus.
Tenentes pro viduetate
Anna Gatrell vidua
,, Maria Read vidua
ROLLS OF COURT BARON OF WINTERBORNE WASTE. 71
Tenentes Maria Gover vidua
,, Agneta Sam ways vidua non summonita
,. Anna Blanchard vidua
,, Anna Keate spinster
Homagium ibidem
Edwardus Pierce generous Jurator
Willelmus Bascombe ,
Franciscus Woodman
Uuratores
Laurentius Palmer
Willelmus Middleton J
Robertus Notley ) T
1 Juratores
Edwardus Read '
.Some
an6
By Rev. 0. PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE, M.A., F.R.S., &e.
February 22nd, 1906. )
PLATE A.
3 n HERE can be, I fear, but little general interest in
records like the present, useful as they may be
to the specialist ; moreover my inability to do
scarcely any outdoor natural history work prevents
my being much more than the purveyor of the
results of the field work of kind friends. Since
my last communication (February, 1905), the
efforts of various friends enable me to record the
addition of several new spiders to the British
fauna, while I have myself met with the male of one rare species
(Tmeticus fortunatuSj Cambr.), on the iron railings of the lawn at
Bloxworth Rectory. The female (hitherto unrecorded) of
another spider (Laseola dissimilis, Cambr.), was found by Dr.
A. R. Jackson at Portland in July last, the male of this species
having been met with by Dr. Jackson in the same locality
in the previous year (1904). Of the species which I consider
to be new to science one was found at Watton, Norfolk, by
EXPLANATION OF PLATE A.
Laseola dissimilis, Cambr.
Fig. 1. Genital aperture.
Episimis lugubris, Simon.
Fig. 2. Apex of palpal organs ; left palpus on outer side.
Episinus truncatus, Walck.
Fig. 3. Apex of palpal organs ; left palpus on outer side.
Bathyphantes spretus, sp. n.
Fig. 4. Profile of cephalothorax and falces. Fig. 5. Eyes from above and
behind. Fig. 6. Genital aperture and process. Fig. 7. Ditto in profile.
Tmeticus adaptus, sp. n.
Fig. 8. Cephalothorax in profile. Fig. 9. Eyes from above and behind.
Fig. 10. Genital aperture. Fig. 11. Ditto in profile.
Maro minnttis, sp. n.
Fig. 12. Cephalothorax and falces in profile. Fig. 13. Eyes from above
and behind. Fig. 14. Genital aperture and process. Fig. 15. Under side of
abdomen. Fig. 16. Abdomen in profile. Fig. 17. Outline of spider from
above. Fig. 18. Maxillae, labium, and sternum.
Microneta territa, sp. n.
Fig. 19. Eyes from above and behind. Fig. 20. Genital aperture.
Fig. 21. Ditto in profile.
M'tcroneta passiva, sp. n.
Fig. 22. Right palpus of male on outer side. Fig. 23. Left palpus of male
from inner side in front. Fig. 24. Eyes from above and behind. Fig. 25.
Genital aperture (female). Fig. 26. Ditto in profile.
Microneta beata, sp. n.
Fig. 27. Cephalothorax in profile. Fig. 28. Eyes from above and behind.
Fig. 29. Left palpus of male, with portion of palpal organs on outer side.
Fig. 30. Portion of right palpus from above and behind. Fig. 31. Genital
aperture (female).
s 1 , Simon.
Fig. 32. Profile of cephalothorax (male). Fig. 33. Fore part of cephalo-
thorax and eyes from above and behind (male). Fig. 34. Portion of right
palpus from above and behind (male). Fig. 34A. Genital aperture (female).
Cornicularia cuspidata, Bl.
Fig. 35. Profile of cephalothorax and falces. Fig. 36. Eyes from above
and behind. Fig. 37. Genital aperture. Fig. 38. Ditto in profile.
The natural length of each spider is indicated by the short vertical lines in the
Plate.
PLATE A.
Proc.Dorset,N.H.&A.F. ClulJol.IXVIL 1906.
NEW AND RARE BRITISH SPIDERS.
ON SOME NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 73
Mr. H. W. Freston, of Westfield, Poynton, Cheshire ; four by Mr.
William Falconer, of Slaithwaite, near Huddersfield, Yorkshire ;
and one by Mr. Falconer in Yorkshire and Epping Forest ; and
Dr. Jackson at Hexham and Keswick. These are all included in
the following lists ; and descriptions of the new species are also
added. I must here express my thanks to some other friends
for many specimens or collections of spiders received during the
past year ; among them particularly the Rev. J. H. Bloom,
Whitchurch, near Stratford-on-Avon ; Mr. W. Ruskin Butter-
field, of St. Leonard's-on-Sea ; Mr. H. Donisthorpe, of 58,
Kensington Mansions, London ; Mr. Claude Morley, of Ipswich ;
Mr. G. F. Steward, of the Lower Close, Norwich ; Mr. J. H.
Oliver, of Bradford, Yorkshire ; Mr. James Waterston, of Edin-
burgh (from whom I received a small, but very interesting,
collection from the Island of St. Kilda) ; and Mr. Robert
Godfrey (also of Edinburgh), who sent to me, among others,
a small collection from the Orkneys.
LIST OF NEW AND RARE ARACHNIDA.
ORDER ARANEIDEA.
Family DRASSID^l.
Drassus pubeseens, Thor.
Both sexes in the adult state were found at Swanage
June 29, 1905, by Dr. A. Randall Jackson, M.D., a rare
species, but widely distributed.
Pposthesima pedestris, C. L. Koch.
Adults of both sexes, Studland, June, 1905, Dr. A. R.
Jackson.
74 ON SOME NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA.
Gnaphosa lugubris, C. L. Koch.
An adult male, found June 29, 1905, at Swanage by Dr.
A. R. Jackson.
Agroeea proxima, Cambr.
Adult females, Weston-super-Mare, Somerset, found by
the Rev. J. H. Bloom, Whitchurch, Stratford-on-Avon.
Agroeca inopina, Cambr.
Immature examples, Swanage, June, 1905 (Dr. A. R.
Jackson).
Agroeea graeilipes, Bl.
Examples of this species were found at Weston-super-
Mare by the Rev. J. H. Bloom.
Miearia seintillans, Cambr.
An adult female, Dr. A. R. Jackson, at Portland, June,
1905 ; rare and local.
Lioeranum domestieum, Wid.
Both sexes, some in the adult state, Dr. A. Jackson
Studland, June, 1905.
Family DICTYNID!.
Dictyna pusilla, Westr.
Adult females of this rare and local spider, Bloxworth,
July 2, 1905, Dr. A. R. Jackson.
Episinus lugubris, Simon. Fig. 2.
Episinus lugubn's, Sim. Arachn. de France, torn. V.,
p. 42.
,, truncatus, Walck. -Cambr., Spid. Dors., p. 80,
ad partem. (See note on this species,
postea p. 83.)
ON SOME NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 75
Family THERIDIID.E.
Theridion impressum, L. Koch.
A male and females in the adult state, Bloxworth Heath,
Dr. A. R. Jackson, June 30, 1905. This is only the third
recorded occurrence of this spider as a British species.
In June, 1904, it was found by Dr. Jackson at Warm well
(Proc. Dors. N.H. and A.F. Club, Vol. XXVI., p. 40). It
is closely allied to the common Theridion sisyphium,
Clerck, and has probably been overlooked on that account,
especially as it closely resembles at first sight, pale or
washed out examples of that usually handsome spider.
Phyllonethis lepida, Walck.
An adult female from the Island of St. Kilda, Mr. James
Waterston, of Edinburgh, 1905.
Pholeomma gibbum, Westr.
Adult males of this very distinct little species were
received from Mr. W. Ruskin Butterfield, Curator of the
Hastings Museum of Natural History.
Crustulina stieta, Cambr.
Adult females, Studland, Dr. A. R. Jackson, July 2,
1905.
Laseola dissimilis, Cambr. Fig. i.
An adult female, Portland, Dr. A. R. Jackson, June, 1905.
The male of this species was described in 1905 (Proc. Dors.
N.H. and A. Field Club, Vol. XXVL, p. 58, PL A, Figs. 6,
7, 8), as new to science. The present record is the first of
the female of this species. (See postea, p. 84.)
Linyphia furtiva, Cambr.
Numerous examples of both sexes in the adult state,
Bloxworth Heath, Dr. A. R. Jackson, June 30, 1905.
76 ON SOME NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA.
Leptyphantes eristatus, Menge.
An adult male received from Ireland (county of Down).
Bathyphantes spretus, sp. n. Figs. 4-7.
An adult female, found at Watton, Norfolk, by Mr. H. W.
Freston, of Westfield, Poynton, Cheshire ; a very distinct
species. See description postea, p. 5, and PL A, Figs. 4,
5, 6, 7. By the kindness of its finder I am enabled to give
a description and figure of this spider.
Tmetieus affinis, Blackw.
Anglia Hancockn, F. P. Smith, Journal Quekett
Microscopical Club, ser. 2, Vol. 9, No. 55, p. 247,
PL 16.
An adult male, found by Mr. Thomas Hancock, of
Stechford, was considered to be the type of a new genus
and species (vide reference above). It appears, however, to
be Neriene affinis, BL, the type of the genus Tmetieus t Menge.
Tmetieus fortunatus, Cambr.
An adult example of the male, found on iron railings,
Bloxworth Rectory, by myself on June 10, 1905. The
female has not yet been recorded ; and this is only as yet
the fourth recorded example of the male.
Tmetieus reprobus, Cambr.
Adults of both sexes, Weston-super-Mare, Rev. J. H.
Bloom ; and also received from Mr. Robert Godfrey from the
Orkneys a widely dispersed, but local spider.
? Tmetieus adeptus, sp. n. Figs. 8-1 1.
An adult female, Leeds, Mr. W. Falconer, 1905. When
a satisfactory sub-division of the rather heterogeneous
group now formed by this group is effected, it seems
certain that the present distinct species will find a place
elsewhere than the present.
ON SOME NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 77
MARO, Gen. nov. (For characters of this genus see
postea, p. 86.)
Maro minutus, sp. n. Figs. 12-18.
An adult female of this minute spider was received from
near Huddersfield from Mr. W. Falconer) in May, 1905. It is
apparently allied to Tmeticus, but possessing some characters
which seem to prevent its entering even into that very
elastic generic fold, I venture to make it the type of a fresh
group. Wherever it may eventually find a resting place, its
small size and other characters mark it as a very distinct
species. Its total length is no more than fths of a
millimetre.
Mieroneta passiva, sp. n. Figs. 22-26.
Adults of both sexes near Huddersfield, Mr. W. Falconer,
1902.
Mieroneta territa, sp. n. Figs. 19-21.
Adult females near Huddersfield, Mr. W. Falconer, 1902
and 1903.
Mieroneta beata, sp. n. Figs. 27-31.
An adult example of each sex, Leeds, W. Falconer, 1901 ;
an adult male, Epping Forest, W. Falconer, 1903 ; and also
an adult male, Keswick and Hexham, Dr. A. R. Jackson,
1906.
Syedra pholeommoides, Cambr.
An adult female, Leeds, W. Falconer, 1905.
Gongylidium distinetum, Sim.
An adult example of each sex, found by Mr. J. C. H.
Smith near Blackpool in 1905, has been reported to me by
Dr. A. R. Jackson, who has had an opportunity of examining
the specimens.
78 ON SOME NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNID A.
Erigone longipalpis, Sund.
An adult male, Weston-super-Mare, 1905, Rev. J. H.
Bloom.
Epigone promiseua, Cambr.
An adult male, Newcastle, County of Down, Ireland ;
also several males from near Hastings, Sussex, Mr. W. R.
Butterfield, 1906 ; and adults of both sexes from the Island
of St. Kilda, Mr. James Waterston, 1905.
Metopobaetrus prominulus, Cambr.
Adults of both sexes, Studland, July, 1905, Dr. A. R.
Jackson.
Tapinocyba prseeox, Cambr.
An adult female, in a nest of an ant {Formica sanguined),
Mr. H. Donisthorpe, Wellington College, 1905.
Wideria melanocephala, Cambr.
An adult of each sex of this rare species, Studland,
Dr. A. R. Jackson, July, 1905.
Prosopotheea monoeeros, Wid.
An adult male, Weston-super-Mare (Rev. J. H. Bloom),
and adult females from Hexham and Southport, Dr. A. R.
Jackson. A rare spider.
Cornieularia euspidata, Bl. Figs. 35-38.
An unusually developed example of the female received
from Mr. J. H. Oliver, Bradford, Yorkshire.
Tigellinus saxieolus, Cambr.
Adults of both sexes, Swanage, Dr. A. R. Jackson, July,
1905. A rare and local species.
ON SOME NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 79
Family EPEIRHWE.
Singa pygmaea, Sund.
Stratford-on-Avon, Rev. J. H. Bloom.
Epeira ineonspieua, Sim.-Kulcz.
Epeira Westringii, Thor.-Cambr., Spid. Dorset,
p. 260.
The example under consideration was determined by the
late Dr, Thorell to be the male of his Epeira Westringii.
Professor Kulczynski (of Cracow) has lately gone fully into
the subject of this and other closely-allied species. (Bull,
de 1'Acad des Sciences de Cracovie, March, 1905, pp. 231-
250, PL VII.) From this it appears to me that the spider I
have hitherto thought to be E. Westringii, Thor. (loc. cit.)
is E. ineonspieua, Sim.-Kulcz. It is nearly allied to, but
quite distinct from, the common E. cucurbitina, Clerck.
Family THOMISID^E.
Oxyptila Blaekwallii, Sim.
Adult females, with their egg-sacs, were found under
stones at Swanage at the end of June, 1905, in some
abundance by Dr. A. R. Jackson.
Oxyptila flexa, Cambr.
An adult female, Suffolk, Mr. Claude Morley, 1904.
Philodromus fallax, Sund.
Wallasey, Cheshire, Dr. A. R. Jackson.
Family SALTICIDJE.
Attus aequipes, Cambr.
An adult male of this local and rare species was found by
myself on the wall of Bloxworth Rectory, June 23, 1905.
8o ON SOME NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA.
Hasarius Adansonii, Sav.
Adults of both sexes ; Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh, Mr.
Robert Godfrey, 1905. Heaton Mersey, Cheshire, Rev.
J. H. Bloom, 1905.
ORDER PHALANGIDEA.
Selerosoma Romanum, L. Koch.
St. Leonard's-on-Sea, Sussex ; Mr. Ruskin Butterfield,
under dead sticks and other debris, 1905. A rare and local
species.
ORDER CHERNETIDEA.
Family CHELIFERIOjE.
Chelifer subruber, Sim.
Examples received from Mr. H. Donisthorpe, by whom
they were found in heaps of rubbish at Queenborough in
1905.
Chernes dubius, Cambr.
Received, among other species, from Mr. Robert Godfrey,
by whom they were found at Craill, Scotland.
Obisium maritimum, Leach.
Loch Fyne, Scotland, Robert Godfrey, 1905. A rare and
local species. Mr. Godfrey also sent to me from Craill,
Scotland, the following species of this Order :
Chthonius Rayi, L. Koch.
,, tetraehelatus, Preyss.
Obisium museorum, Leach.
Chelifer Latreillii, Leach.
Chiridium museorum, Leach.
ON SOME NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 8 1
LIST OF THE ABOVE ARACHNIDA.
( With References to Page and Plate.}
Drassus pubescens, Thor. p. 73.
Prosthesima pedestris, C. L. Koch. p. 73.
Gnaphosa lugubris, C. L. Koch. p. 74.
Agroeca proxima, Cambr. p. 74..
,, inopina, Cambr. p. 74.
gracilipes, Bl. p. 74.
Micaria scintillans, Cambr. p. 74.
Liocranum domesticum, Westr. p. 74.
Dictyna pusilla, Westr. p. 74.
Episinus lugubris, Sim. p. 74. Fig. 2.
,, truncatus, Walck. p. 74. Fig. 3.
Theridion impressum, L. Koch. p. 75.
Phyllonethis lepida, Walck. p. 75.
Pholcomma gibbum, Westr. p. 75.
Crustulina sticta, Cambr. p. 75.
Laseola, dissimilis, Cambr. p. 75. Fig. i.
Linyphia furtiva, Cambr. p. 75.
Leptyphantes cristatus, Menge. p. 76.
Bathyphantes spretus, sp. n. p. 76. Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7.
Tmeticus affinis, Blackw. p. 76.
fortunatus, Cambr. p. 76.
reprobus, Cambr. p. 76.
,, adeptus, sp. n. p. 76. Figs. 8, 9, 10, n.
Maro minutus, sp. n. p. 77. Figs. 12, 13, 14, 15,
1 6, 17, 18.
Microneta passiva, sp. n. p. 77. Figs, 22, 23, 24, 25,
26.
,, territa, sp. n. p. 77. Figs. 19, 20, 21.
beata, sp. n. p. 77. Figs. 27, 28, 29, 30,
3'-
Syedra pholcommoides, Cambr. p. 77.
82 ON SOME NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA.
Gongylidium distinctum, Sim. p. 77.
Erigone longipalpis, Sund. p. 78.
,, promiscua, Cambr. p. 78.
Diplocephalus castaneipes, Sim. p. 78. Figs. 32, 33, 34,
34A.
Metopobactrus prominulus, Cambr. p. 78.
Tapinocyba, praecox, Cambr. p. 78.
Wideria melanocephala, Cambr. p. 78.
Prosopotheca, monoceros, Wid. p. 78.
Cornicularia cuspidata, Bl. p. 78. Figs. 35, 36, 37, 38.
Tigellinus saxicola, Cambr. p. 78.
Singa pygmaea, Sund. p. 79.
Epeira inconspicua, Sim. p. 79.
Oxyptila Blackwallii, Sim. p. 79.
,, flexa, Cambr. p. 79.
Philodromus fallax, Sund. p. 79.
Attus oequipes, Cambr. p. 79.
Hasarius Adansonii, Sav. p. 80.
Sclerosoma Romanum, L. Koch. p. 80.
Chelifer subruber, Sim. p. 80.
Cherries dubius, Cambr. p. 80.
Obisium maritimum, Leach. p. 80.
,, muscorum, Leach. p. 80.
Chthonius Rayi, L. Koch. p. 80.
,, tetrachelatus, Preyss. p. 80.
Chelifer Latreillii, Leach. p. 80.
Chiridium museorum, Leach. p. 80.
For synonyms and other information respecting the above
Arachnida see
For ARANEIDEA Spid. Dors., 1881, and Papers subsequently
published in Proceedings Dors. N. H. and A. Field
ON SOME NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 83
Club, 1882-1905. Also List of British and Irish
Spiders, 1900 (published by Messrs. Sime and Co.,
Dorchester, Dorset).
PHALANGIDEA Monograph of British Phalangidea, Proc.
Dors. N.H. and A.F. Club, Vol. XL, 1890.
CHERNETIDEA Monograph on the British species of Cherne-
tidea or False Scorpions, I.e., Vol. XIIL, 1892.
NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME OF THE ABOVE.
Episinus lugubris, Sim. Fig. 2.
I have long suspected that under the name Episinus truncatus,
Walck., two species were mixed up among our British specimens.
A close examination of many examples both from Dorset and
other parts confirms this. The two species are very nearly allied,
and the same general remarks and description would apply fairly
to both, but, so far as my own observations go, the chief tangible
distinction is in the form of the palpi in the male ; the structure
of the palpal processes at their apex differs decidedly. (See
PI, A., Figs. 2, 3.) The general character which has been relied
upon for their separation that is, the larger size and darker hue
of E. lugulris I have not found reliable. It is true that the
largest and darkest specimen I have ever met with is undoubtedly
of this species ; but then I have others smaller than even the
general run of E. truncatus, and quite light coloured.
E. truncatus, Walck. -Blackwall, has been recorded, I believe,
as containing one species only E. lugubris, Sim. There, how-
ever, is no doubt but that we have the two in Britain (truncatus,
Walck., and lugubris, Simon), and perhaps about equally
distributed. I have had types from Mons. Simon, for com-
parison in deciding which is Walckenaers' and which is Simon's
species.
84 ON SOME NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA.
I have met with E. lugubris both at Swanage and Bloxworth,
and Dr. A. R. Jackson has also found it in both these localities,
as well as in Devonshire. This is the first record of both species
as British.
Laseola dissimilis, Cambr. Fig. i.
Adult female, length i length nearly (2.5 mm.).
The male of this species was described as new to science in
Proc. Dors. N.H. and A.F. Club, Vol. XXVI., p. 58, 1905, PL A,
Figs. 6, 7, 8. The female resembles the male in general
appearance and characters. The eyes in the female sex,
however, are more closely grouped together, there being a less
interval between the hind-central and hind-lateral eyes, and
the central quadrangle is less broad, in proportion, in front
compared to the hinder side. The colours in the female were
also richer, though this perhaps arose from the male having
more recently performed the final moult of its skin, while the
female had evidently come to its full colours, the cephalothorax
being of a bright orange brown, and the legs of a clearer orange,
except the tibiae of the first pair and the tibiae and femora of the
first two pairs, which are suffused with a darker yellow brown.
The tibiae also of the fourth pair are similarly suffused, most
strongly at the fore extremities. The height of the clypeus is
about one and a-half times that of the transverse diameter of the
ocular area. The caput is furnished with coarse hairs or bristles
like the male, but not in so marked a degree, and the fakes
(which are weak), with the maxilla, have also numerous bristly
hairs at their extremities.
The abdomen is large round-oval, and very convex also. Its
upper side is thickly covered with minute impressed punctures and
coarse hairs, and its colour is brownish black. The form of the
genital aperture is very characteristic and distinctive.
One example of the female was found at the beginning of
July, 1905, by Dr. A. R. Jackson in the Isle of Portland, in the
same locality as that in which the male was found in June, 1904.
ON SOME NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 85
Bathyphantes spretus, sp. n. Figs. 4-7.
Adult female, length slightly over i line.
Cephalothorax, uniform dark yellow-brown ; ocular area
slightly prominent ; lateral marginal impressions at the caput
slight ; height of clypeus (which is a little impressed beneath
the fore-central eyes) about equal to half that of the facial space.
Eyes on blackish spots in two transverse rows, reaching across
the whole width of the caput ; posterior row very nearly straight,
both rows, very slightly and about equally curved, in opposite
directions ; hind-central pair larger than the hind-laterals, but
nearer together than to these ; lateral pairs each on a strong
tubercular eminence ; fore-centrals on a slight tubercle, and
separated by half a diameter's interval.
Legs long, moderately strong, of a dull pale yellowish hue,
i, 2, 4, 3, furnished thinly with hairs and spines on the tibiae ;
none on the metatarsi of the first and second pairs.
Fakes long, tapering, and a little divergent towards their
extremity ; colour yellowish-brown.
Maxillae and labium similar in colour to the falces.
Sternum dark brown.
Abdomen oval; upper side pale dull yellowish-brown, darker
on the sides and underneath, with traces of a longitudinal
central darker stripe, and marked on the hinder part with
a series of several transverse pale angular markings or chevrons.
Probably in fresh specimens the colour and markings would be
much better defined.
The genital process and aperture are large, and of a very
distinct and characteristic form.
A single example was received from Mr. Freston, by whom it
was found at Watton, in Norfolk.
Tmetieus adeptus, sp. n. Figs. 8-n.
Adult female, length i-ioth of an inch (2.05 mm.).
Cephalothorax of ordinary form ; colour yellow-brown, marked
irregularly with deep blackish brown, but least so on the hinder
86 ON SOME NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA.
part of the caput, and most on the clypeus and ocular area.
The profile line from the fore-central eyes to the hinder margin
forms a pretty nearly even-curved line ; height of clypeus nearly
about half that of the facial space.
Eyes in two very nearly equal and nearly equally-curved
transverse rows. The convexity of the slight curve of the hinder
row directed backwards, that of the front row forwards. The
fore-laterals appear to be rather the largest. The hind-centrals
are a little further apart than from the hind-laterals, and the
fore-centrals are separated by a diameter's interval from each
other, and rather less from the fore-laterals. Those of each
lateral pair are seated a little obliquely on a slight tubercular
eminence. The four central eyes form a square, whose fore-side
is shortest.
Legs moderately strong, rather short, pale yellow, suffused
with darker brown on the upper part of the femora and on the
tibiae of the first and second pairs ; these are furnished with hairs
and a single short slender bristle near the fore-extremity on the
upper side of the tibiae, another near the hinder end, and one on
each of the genual joints.
Fakes rather long, strong, and slightly divergent ; colour like
that of the cephalothorax, strongly marked in front, longi-
tudinally, with deep blackish brown.
Maxilla, labium, and sternum deep black-brown.
Abdomen black, very thinly furnished with short hairs ;
spiracular plates pale yellow-whitish ; genital aperture simple,
but very distinct and characteristic.
Received from Mr. W. Falconer, by whom it was found near
Leeds.
Gen. nov. MARO (nom. propr.).
Cephalothorax oval, longer than broad, obtuse in front ; profile
line regularly convex ; marginal lateral impression at caput very
slight, broadly, but not deeply excavated in hinder slope.
Eyes rather large and grouped closely together in form of a
regular semi-circle ; lateral and hind-centrals of nearly uniform
ON SOME NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 87
size ; fore-laterals, if anything, slightly largest ; each lateral pair
slightly obliquely seated on a common low tubercular eminence ;
height of clypeus less than half that of the facial space.
Legs moderate in length and strength ; not very unequal in
length, i, 4, 2, 3, thinly clad with hairs only, excepting two or
three slender erect bristles on the femoral and tibial joints ; tarsi
and metatarsi of equal length.
Fakes strong, straight, vertical, moderate in length, conical ;
teeth on inner extremity very minute.
MaxillcB moderate in length, strong, a little bent, and leaning
over the labium.
Labium short, its height half the length of its width, and its
upper margin a little flat-rounded.
Sternum larger than broad, heart-shaped ; its anterior margin
pretty squarely truncate ; its posterior extremity a little drawn
out between the coxae of the fourth pair of legs and truncate, its
breadth there being equal to the breadth of the coxae.
Abdomen oval, projecting considerably over the base of the
cephalothorax, thinly furnished with hairs ; the genital aperture
and process placed as nearly as possible at the middle between
their fore and hinder extremities ; spinners very short, the lower
pair strongest, but not much shorter than the upper pair, all
placed in a circular slight pit or cavity.
Maro minutus, sp. n. Figs. 12-18.
Adult female, length rather less than a millimetre, or about
i -25th of an inch. General colour pale dull yellowish.
The eyes are all on black spots. The hinder row has the
convexity of its very slight curve directed backwards, and the
interval between the central pair is greater than that between
each and the hind-lateral eye next to it; the fore-centrals
are almost contiguous to each other, as well as to the fore-
laterals. The fore-centrals with the laterals thus form an almost
unbroken semi-circle.
88 ON SOME NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA.
The genital process is large and prominent, and of very
characteristic form ; its backward position is also unusual.
A single example of this very remarkable and excessively
minute spider was received from Mr. W. Falconer, by whom it
was found near Huddersfield in 1905. It is evidently allied to
Tmeticus (Centromerus\ &c., but presents decided differences,
which seem to prevent its being relegated even to that hetero-
geneous group.
Mieroneta territa, sp. n. Figs. 19-21.
Adult female, length i line.
Cephalothorax very broad and rounded behind ; tapering and
roundly obtuse in front ; lateral marginal impressions at the
caput moderate ; impression in profile line between the caput
and beginning of the hinder slope strong ; height of clypeus
about equal to half that of the facial space. The colour of the
cephalothorax is dark yellow-brown.
Eyes in normal position ; the hind-centrals are separated from
each other by a larger interval than from the hind-laterals
about an eye's diameter. The posterior row has the convexity
of its curve directed backwards, the anterior row is very nearly
straight, and its eyes are separated by very small and equal
intervals, being almost contiguous to each other the fore-
centrals appear to be larger than usual. The central trapezoid
is longer than broad, and its fore side shortest,
Palpi have the digital joints of normal form.
Legs moderate in length and strength, 4, i, 2, 3, yellow-
brown, strongly suffused with deep brown, on the tibiae and
metatarsi, especially of the first and second pairs; they are
furnished with hairs and a very few erect slender bristles, such as
generally characteristic of this genus.
Fakes moderately long and strong, and of a darkish yellow-
brown colour.
Maxillae and labium yellow-brown.
Sternum deep yellow-brown.
ON SOME NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 89
Abdomen blackish or deep black-brown, very thinly clothed
with hairs ; spinners dull yellowish ; genital aperture and
process prominent, and of very characteristic form.
This species was received from Mr. W. Falconer from
Huddersfield and Hexham in 1902 and 1903, and appears to
be a very distinct one of the M. viaria group.
Mieroneta passiva, sp. n. Figs. 22-26.
Adult male, length i line.
This is also of the M. viaria group, but rather smaller than
that species.
The cephalothorax is very broad, almost round behind and
tapering quickly to an obtuse, but rather truncate termination in
front ; the lateral marginal impressions at the caput are obsolete,
and the profile line has a considerable dip or impression between
the occiput and the beginning of the hinder slope. The colour
of the cephalothorax is rather orange yellow-brown, marked
with blackish brown, on the sides, margins, and on the caput
behind the eyes. The height of the clypeus is nearly two-thirds
of that of the facial space.
The general position of the eyes is normal ; the interval
between those of the hind-central pair is rather less than that
between each and the hind-lateral eye next to it.
Legs moderate in length and strength, 4, i, 2, 3, of a bright
orange-yellow ; the tibiae and metatarsi, especially of the first
two pairs, suffused with blackish brown.
Palpi rather strong ; cubital and radial joints short, the former
strongest, and has the two characteristic slender bristles towards
its fore extremity on the upper side directed forwards, the
posterior (or shortest) bristle being slightly more than half the
length of the longer one. The digital joint is large and the
palpal organs highly developed. At about the middle, near the
outer side, the digital joint is strongly and angularly protuberant.
The palpal organs are very prominent, but their structure,
although the different parts differ in form from others nearly
allied, can only be satisfactorily given by magnified drawings.
go ON SOME NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA.
The fakes are normal and similar in colour to the cephalo-
thorax.
The Maxilla, labium, and sternum are yellow-brown, marked
irregularly with deep blackish brown. The sternum is short,
broad, nearly round behind, its termination slightly and abruptly
produced between the coxae of the fourth pair of legs.
Abdomen oval, black, thinly clothed with coarse hairs.
The female is of about the same size, and resembles the male
in colour and general characters, and her palpi have the digital
joint of normal form ; that is, not protuberant or like the
undeveloped digital joint of a male spider.
The form of the genital aperture and process is characteristic,
the latter very prominent in profile.
A female of this spider was found in 1891 near Weymouth by
C. O. Pickard-Cambridge, females in 1901 by Dr. A. R. Jackson
at Hexham, and others of the same sex at Huddersfield by
Mr. W. Falconer in 1902, with which latter females was the
only male I have seen.
Microneta beata, sp. n. Figs. 27-31.
Adult male, length rather less than i line.
This species belongs to the M. rurestris section of the genus
Microneta, and resembles it in its slender form and other general
characters. The cephalothorax is brown, marked with darker
brown ; and there is little or no lateral impression on the
margins at the caput.
The legs are orange-yellow, at times suffused on the tibiae and
metatarsi of the first and second pairs with brownish. The
height of the clypeus is about equal to half that of the facial
space, impressed close to the eyes, and prominent at the lower
margin. The eyes are normal ; the four centrals form a
trapezoid, whose length is rather greater than its breadth, and
its fore-side shortest. The space between the hind-centrals is
less than that between each and the lateral eye next to it.
ON SOME NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 91
The falces have not the protuberant form near the base in
front similar to those of M. rurestris.
The palpi have the fore extremity of the radial joint broad and
slightly obtusely pointed, with a small prominent point at its
outer side. From this point to the hinder extremity of the joint
is a series of minute tubercles, each bearing a slight bristle ; the
cubital joint has close to its fore extremity on the upper side two
prominent bristles near together and directed forwards. The
shortest and least strong of these two bristles is less than half
the length of the other, which is tapering and longer than the
joint itself. The digital joint is of moderate size and a little
prominent near the middle on its outer side ; the palpal organs
complex, in general appearance like others of this genus. The
paracymbium, or large irregularly formed, somewhat crescent-
shaped process close to their hinder extremity on the outer side,
is of characteristic shape.
Abdomen jet black, slender, oval.
The female is slightly larger and of stouter build than the
male, but resembles that sex in general characters. The form
of the genital aperture is characteristic, but somewhat similar to
that of M. rurestris. (See Fig. 29.)
An example of the male of this species was received from Mr.
W. Falconer from Leeds in 1901 ; one of each sex from Dr. A. R.
Jackson from Hexham in 1902 (and also a male in 1906); as
well as a male from Epping Forest (Mr. W. Falconer) in 1903.
Diploeephalus, eastaneipes, Sim. Figs. 32-34A.
Plcesiocr&rus eastaneipes^ Simon, Arachnides de France,
torn. V., p. 768.
Although very nearly allied to D.fuscipes, BL, this little spider
may easily be distinguished by a different form of the caput, and
the structure of the palpi of the male. When looked at from
above and behind the outline of the elevation of the caput has
on its sides no lateral impression, being quite straight, whereas
92 ON SOME NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARACHNIDA.
in D. fuscipes the outlines are strongly impressed ; also the
profile of the upper part of the caput is more convex, and the
trapezoid formed by the four central eyes is longer. There are
also differences in the palpi, which are more easily delineated
than described. The females differ in the form of the genital
aperture, but resemble the male in colour and size.
This very interesting little species was found in fair abundance
on Snowdon, in North Wales, by Dr. A. R. Jackson in 1905, and
has not been before recorded as British.
of
Returns of bells as of other church furniture were required in
1547 and 1552, and it has been assumed by some who have never
investigated the contents of our towers that such orders as were
given respecting the disposal of the bells in the latter year were
effectual. Mr. Dunkin's list of Cornwall inscriptions shows that
in eleven churches in that county there yet remain two or more
of the bells that hung in the towers at the time of this proclama-
tion, though, of course, since 1549 a vast number have passed
through the foundries.
The same result is found in other counties, or rather a more
striking result, as may be seen from Mr. Ellacombe's labours in
Devon, Somerset, and Gloucester, or my own in Suffolk and
Cambridgeshire. Near me are two small parish churches,
at Athelington and South Elmham S. Peter's, in which hang the
same three bells which are named in the 1553 inventories.
Indeed, these inventories show most conclusively that the
command was inoperative. It would seem that a suggestion
was made that the removal of clappers would serve the same
purpose as the removal of bells, and cause less disturbance. At
any rate, according to Strype, two Devonshire gentlemen,
Champion and Chichester, were allowed on request a grant of
clappers, and, according to Mi. Ellacombe's suggestion, this
may have been done by them to keep the bells in the towers.
In Dorset there are at least 34 churches in which more than
one ante-Reformation may be seen, and there are a few more in
which blank bells may be regarded as of equal antiquity. I
append a list of the 34 :
Little Bredy.
Litton Cheney.
Swyre.
Broadwindsor.
Fordington.
Winterborne Came.
Chesilborne.
Puddlehinton.
Tolpuddle.
Alton Pancras.
Hazelbury Bryan.
Nether Cerne.
Sydling S. Nicholas.
Osmington.
94 THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET.
Slower Provost.
Fontmell Magna.
Hammoon.
Rampisham.
Nether Compton.
Chetnole.
Holnest.
Wambrook.
Aimer.
Bloxworth.
East Morden.
Sturminster Marshall.
Winterbourne Anderson.
Gussage All Saints.
Blandford S. Mary.
Charlton Marshall.
Shapwick.
With regard to the Knowlton tradition before-mentioned, I
venture to insert the following :
" In walking from Blandford to Damerham in September,
1852, I shaped my course by Horton, with a view to seeing
Monmouth's ash on Horton Heath. Having reached the road-
side inn, I found that the ash was four miles distant, and, not
having time to proceed thither, I waited at the inn. Whilst
waiting I saw a small ruined tower at the distance of half-a-mile
or so, and, on asking a man, found it was the ruin of Knowlton
Church. He also told me that at a very distant period there
was a very valuable bell in that tower, so much so that it excited
the cupidity of some fellows, who planned to steal it, take it to
the coast, and, having crossed the Channel, sell it in France.
This, considering the loneliness of the church, could be no very
difficult matter ; but somehow, after they had got the bell out of
the tower, they were discovered, pursued, and overtaken at the
bridge of Sturminster Marshall, and, being unable to proceed
further with it, they threw it into the Stour and made off. The
Knowlton people let down ropes and pulled it up nearly within
reach of hand, when down it went, without there being any
apparent reason for the ropes breaking. A second and a third
attempt were attended with the same result till, weary and
dispirited, they gave it up. The old man said that there was a
verse to the effect that
' All the devils in hell
Could never pull up Knowlton bell,' "
THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET. 95
This is in my Bell MS. A., ff. 75, 76 verso, and dated by me " December 27th,
1852, Worlington, Suffolk," the parish of which my father, who died in the
previous year, had been rector.
I added: "The tale seems to me very pointless and incomplete, but see
Hutchins ! "
" There is a tradition current among some of the old people
in the village that many years ago the bellringers (or a party) of
this village went secretly and removed one of the bells from the
old ruined church at Knowlton, which is distant from this village
about nine miles, across Kingdown by the right of Badbury
Rings, and about three miles from the ancient old town of
Cranborne.
They were successful so far, but, as there came a fall of snow
during the expedition, they were afraid of being discovered by
their tracks, and to baffle pursuit in case of discovery they
reversed the shoes of the horses on their return. Arriving
at the old bridge of White Mill, which is distant from
Sturminster Church about half-a-mile, they sent on two of their
party in advance to the village to see that the course was clear.
As they were so long gone the remaining party thought that
something was amiss and that they were discovered, and, suspect-
ing that the people of Knowlton were on their track, they, to
dispose of the bell and put it out of sight, threw it into the
River Stour, in a deep hole (now called Bell Hole or White Mill
Hole). Hence the following doggerel :
' Knowlton bell is a -stole
Aud thrown into White Mill Hole.' "
From Mr. A. Reeves.
What became of this bell subsequently it is difficult to say.
Some say it was left in the river, and others that it was got out
and put in Shapwick Church, and some think it was put in this
church ; but in Hutchins' History of Dorset (rev. edt.) it states
that it was recovered, and was for some years in the possession
96 THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET.
of a Mr. Compton at Horton. I paid a visit to this old church
at Knowlton a few years ago ; it is now a complete ruin, tower
and church being roofless, but the greater part of the walls are
standing (and from what I can remember there is a massive wall
between nave of church and chancel, with a small Norman arch,
round-headed, also remains of mullions and doorways, the tower
being perfect, excepting that it is roofless and floorless). The
whole is enclosed within a rampart, and near by are some fine
yew trees and barrows, no houses being anywhere near, except-
ing a farmstead, which apparently is not very ancient. An old
man was working in a field near by (a native of the neighbour-
hood), and he related the same story with reference to the bell,
saying that some people from Sturminster came and took them
away. I have been told by some of the old inhabitants of
25 years ago that the names of two of the ringers at the time
were Hurdle and Barfoot, two well-known names in this
parish.
In the case of the treble at Lyme Regis the spelling in my
MS. is the usual mistaken form, " Brittania." The words are
a quotation from Akenside (Odes, Book I., No. 8, lines 79,
&c.).
' ' O fair Britannia ! hail ! with partial love
The tribes of men their native seats approve,
Unjust and hostile to each foreign fame ;
But, when for gen'rous minds and manly laws
A nation holds her prime applause,
There public zeal shall all reproof disdain."
On this Mr. Thomas Hollis (Memoirs, p. 52) observed : " For
want of information at what period Dr. Akenside wrote his
verses it is best to say nothing about the application of
them."
The whereabouts of Anthony Bond's foundry still eludes us,
for the work at Wimborne Minster in 1629 was evidently done
on the spot. Perhaps the accounts of other parishes where his
bells remain may throw a light on the subject.
THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET. 97
APPENDIX OF DOCUMENTS AND NOTES
COLLECTED BY W. MILES BARNES.
Early Chancery Documents 68/144.
A son ts gaouse & ts noble Sr le Channceller Dengletre
Supplie humblement Rofct Gildesburgh de Londres Brasyer q
come Hugh Stokenynge viker de Lesglise de Whitech[urch] en
le Mersshewodevale en le counte de Dors' ore tarde achata du
dit RoBt un couple des cloiches p une cteine some Dargent les
queux cloiches le dit suppliant ... la garde du dit viker p
un an entier p les assaier sil fuissent covenables on non & ap's
le fyn du dit an vient le dit suppliant au dit Viker & demanda
son argent .... temps le dit Viker p sa faux
ymaginacioun enfeignant causes p auoir barre & desceiuez le dit
RoBt de p tie de son dit argent sumettant q les ditz cloiches ne
furent ne convenables n' accordantz come il les garanta p quele
cause le dit suppliant pfera defaire une obligacion de xl li a dit
viker s condicion de lo r mettre s lagarde arbitre-
ment de Johan Scory de Taunton & Adam Buggeberd psone de
lesglise de South Perot en mesme le counte ou sil deux ne pront
venir adonques sar la garde du dit Adam Buggeberd taut
soulement tonchant la dit matiere le quel agarde serroit faite
deinz extern temps le quel viker envoia p le dit Adam a quel
temps il vient a dit Viker & demanda p oier les ditz cloiches
sonnir & nulles defautes en mesmes les cloiches troua & s ceo le
dit Adam dona juggement & agarde p le dit Rot
[The remainder of the bill relates entirely to the bond for
^"40, for which sum the vicar had sued the complainant.]
NOTE. Adam Buggeberd was "parson" of South Perrott in 1370; he was
dead in 1391.
98 THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET.
TRANSLATION.
To his very gracious and very noble Lord, the Chancellor of
England
Humbly beseecheth Robert Gildesburgh of London brass
founder that whereas Hugh Stokenynge vicar of the church
of Whitchurch in Marshwood Vale in the county of Dorset
recently bought of the said Robert a couple of bells for a certain
sum of money, which bells the said suppliant [left in] the
keeping of the said vicar for a whole year in order to test them,
whether they were suitable or not : and after the end of the said
year the said complainant came to the said vicar and demanded
his money : [at which] time the said vicar by his false imagin-
ation invented reasons for having deceived and kept the said
Robert out of part of his money, alleging that the said bells
were not suitable nor in accordance with his guarantee. Where-
fore the said suppliant offered to enter into a bond for forty
pounds with the said vicar under a condition that they should
submit them to the award [and] arbitrament of John Scory of
Taunton and Adam Buggeberd parson of the church of South
Perrott in the same county or, if the two could not attend,
then to the award of the said Adam Buggeberd alone, which
award was to be made within a certain time. And the vicar sent
for the said Adam and at that time he came to the said vicar and
asked to hear the said bells rung and found no defects in the
same bells ; and thereupon the said Adam gave judgment and
award for the said Robert.
The will of John Barber, bell founder, has been discovered by
Dr. Tyssen, and will be published by the Wilts Record Society.
Mr. F. J. Pope, who has inspected the original document, has
kindly sent the following outline of its contents :
It is dated on the Vigil of the Purification of the Virgin Mary,
1403, and the testator is described as " Johannis Barbo r Brasier
ciuis ciuitatis nove Sar." There are legacies to churches and
institutions in New Sarum and Winchester, and for prayers for
THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET. 99
the souls of the testator and of his father and mother. Brazen
jars are left to several persons named. His tools and imple-
ments pertaining to his craft he left to Peter the brazier.
"Itrn lego petro Brasier omia instrumenta mea et omes
mensuras artificio meo ptin."
BELLS TO BE TAKEN DOWN IN THE CHURCHES.
From my lord protector & the counsell to my lord Previe seall.
After our right hartie comendacons to your lordshipp where
the rebells of the countrye 6f Devonshyre & Cornwall have used
the belles in every parishe as an instrument to sturr the multy-
tude and call them together. Thinkyng good to have this
occasyon of attempting the lyke hereafter to be taken frome
them, and remembrying with all that by taking downe of them
the Kyngs Ma tie maie have some comoditie towards his great
charges that waye, we have thought good to pray yo r good
lordshipp to geve order for taken down the sayd bells in all the
churches within those two counties, levyng in every churche one
bell, the lest of the ryng that nowe is in the same, which maie
serve to call the paryshoners to the sermone & devyne servis ; in
the doyng hereof we require yo r lordshipp to cause such
moderacon to be used as the same may be done with as moche
quietnes and as lytill force of the com on people as maie be
And thus we bid your lordshipp most hartely farewell
From Westm 9 this xij th of September 1 549
E. Somerset W. Sanct John
T. Cant W. Petre sy.
E. North
E Wotton ., '' R Sadler
(Petyt M.S.S., No. 538, Vol. 46, fol. 465, quoted in Camden
Society Proc., Vol. 1885, p. 73.)
IOO THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET.
From a paper in the handwriting of King Edward VI.,
entitled "A Summary of Matters to be Concluded," dated in
the endorsement 1552, it appears that the King proposed to add
to "the strength of the realme " by "the making of more &
great ordnance of the Copar in the Tower and the Bel-metal."
WillinP.C.C. 53 Welles.
The will of John Myller of Sowthperrat, Dorset, dated i Oct.
1558 left "iiij u to dyght a bell for the chappell of Mosterne."
From Barons Depositions in the Court of Exchequer. Dated
3 Feb. 1573
In connection with an enquiry concerning the goods of the
chapel at Plush William Tabott of Plush yeoman, aged 90,
deposed
"That there were two belles belonging to the same chappie
but he sayeth that nether he nor eny other by his pcurem 1 dyd
not at eny tyme take awaye eny of the same belles but he sayeth
they were stollen awaye at ij sondry tymes but by whom this
depon* knoweth not but he sayeth that he was charged by the
said John Myller w th the taken awaye of the same belles & that
he this depon* & the saide John Myller were at varyaunce of the
same belles."
Chancery Proceedings of Elizabeth's Reign. W. 4/54
Warren v. Lane. Dated 1601
The defendant in his answer states that about 20 or 21 years
since John Knight & William Smith alias Shepherd, being then
churchwardens of Loders, had agreed with William Purdye for a
sum of S io s " for the new castinge of two crazed bells of the
" said pishe to be by him new caste & made tuneable & agreable
. . . . And thereupon the said Purdye
THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET. 101
" did new caste the same two Bells But that for the same Bells
" fell out not to be tuneable & agreeable according to the said
contracte .... so that the sayd pishion 9 s misliked of his
" doinges therein." Actions at law on both sides followed a
refusal to pay Purdye but the result is not stated.
Chancery Proceedings, 2nd Series 374/67. Dated about
1623.
Purdue v. Browne.
Plaintiff, George Purdue of Closworth, Somerset, bell founder,
had for 20 years & upwards " used the trade & misterie of
Bellfounder" in Somerset & other counties & had agreed for
the new casting of certain bells at Martinstowne, Dorset, in
order to make them tunable with the other bells there. Accord-
ingly in April, 18 James I, plaintiff gave a bond for ,80, for the
true performance of the work, to John Gouldsey, Thomas
Samwaies, & Thomas Jones alias Barlecorne all of Martins-
towne, and the recasting had been completed in the following
June. All or most part of the inhabitants of Martinstowne were
well satisfied with plaintiff's work but Gouldsey, Samwaies, &
Jones had refused to make any payment for the same & had
placed the bond in the hands ot Sir Rohert Browne.
Richard Devenish of Charleton Canvill alias Horethorne,
Somerset, by his will dated 1633 and proved in P.C.C. in 1637
(Registered 60 Goare] left 40* to the reparation of the church &
bells of Sidlin, Dorset, and a similar sum to the reparation of the
church & bells of Yeatmister Dorset.
Court of Requests of Charles I. Bundle 39
Purdue v. Seward Dated 25 June, 16 Charles I [1640]
The plaintiff, Richard Purdue of Stoford, Somerset, bell-
founder, had in Dec. 10 Charles I [1634] agreed with William
102 THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET.
French of Halstock, Dorset, butcher, a churchwarden of
Halstock, that the latter should at his own cost bring the
great bell of Halstock to Stoford, where Purdue was to weigh
the same & " to cast & make tuneable the sayd Bell in sound
& harmony accordinge to art & musicke w th & unto the other
bells of Halstock," French on his part agreeing to pay nine
shillings for every "hundred casting" which the bell weighed.
Also Purdue was within three months to make all the bells of
Halstock "concordant & agreable in musick tune sound &
harmony " & to allow French eighteen shillings towards carrying
the bell from Stoford to Halstock & gave a bond of 20 for due
performance of the work, guaranteeing to make good at his own
charge any failure of the bell due to bad workmanship.
And in the same year [1634] Purdue entered into a further
agreement with the said French & with William French of
Halstock, yeoman, both being churchwardens of the parish, that
the churchwardens should at their own expense bring to Stoford
their second bell which Purdue was to weigh & make tuneable
with the third bell, the churchwardens agreeing to pay twelve
pence per Ib. for any metal added up to 100 Ibs. & Purdue
promising to allow ten pence per Ib. for any metal by which the
bell should be reduced in recasting. Purdue was also to put a
new staple to the third bell & gave the same guarantee as before
and another bond of 20.
Plaintiff had also recast a bell for the parish of Yeovil,
Somerset, under an agreement with Dr. Seward, the vicar, &
the churchwardens, who had confederated with the church-
wardens of Halstock in defrauding Purdue of the money due to
him.
From Exchequer Bills & Answers. William & Mary. Dorset
No. 9.
In his bill, filed in Trinity term, 2 William & Mary, Joseph
Hardy, churchwarden of Bothenhampton, sues Thomas Young,
1. DUMB BELL GALLERY, KIMOLE HOUSE,
2. -DUMB BELL.
THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET. 103
the preceding churchwarden, Thomas Purdue of Closworth,
Somerset, bellfounder, and others concerning a bell, formerly in
the tower of Bothenhampton church, which had been carried
away by some of the defendants. The bell weighed 700 Ibs or
800 Ibs and was worth 60.
Purdue answers that in June 1689 he had contracted with
Young "for new casting of y e greatest bell or one of y e bells
belonginge to y e parish church of Bothenhampton " at a cost of
^12, half to be paid at the casting of the bell & the remainder
six weeks after the work was finished, & i s 2 d for every pound of
metal added to the bell. And afterwards Young "comp'lained
that some of y e brasses belonging to y e sayd bell & to y e other
bells were defective" and desired Purdue to recast them also.
When the bell and brasses were completed, (90 Ibs of metal
having been added to the bell), Young caused them to be carried
to Bothenhampton, without however making any payment for
the work done. Later Young stated that the parishioners refused
to give the money & on being arrested & imprisoned for the
debt, he requested the bellfounder to "hew the bell" & make it
" flatter in tune hoping the parishioners would be pleased
therewith." The bell was consequently again sent to Closworth
where it now remains & Purdue declares his readiness to deliver
it on payment of the money due to him.
AN ANCIENT DUMB BELL AT KNOLE HOUSE,
KENT.
In the " Antiquary" for October, 1903, is a short but inter-
esting article by Mr. C. Essenhigh Corke on an ancient dumb
bell, from which, by permission of the author and editor, some
extracts and, through the kindness of the latter, the illustrations
are taken.
Some twelve years ago Mr. Corke was much puzzled by
hearing the housekeeper at Knole speak of the Dumb Bell
Gallery. He went to the attic, which bore this name ; it " was
104 THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET.
unfurnished and empty, excepting that in the middle of it stood
a curious wooden machine resembling a windlass. A rope was
wound round the middle of the roller, and at each end were four
iron arms, each with a poise or ball of lead at each end. The
rope formerly passed through a hole (which still exists) in the
floor into the Leicester Gallery below. A person by pulling the
rope in this gallery would cause the roller with the iron arms
poised with lead to revolve at the first pull, and the impetus given
would rewind the rope again, and so continue to wind and
unwind at each pull, thus giving the same exercise as that of
ringing a bell in a church tower, except that it was noiseless."
" The attic, or Dumb Bell Gallery, forms part of the additions
made at Knole by Thomas Sackville, first Earl of Dorset/ 1603-8,
in Jacobean style of architecture, re-built upon the stone base-
ment, which is fifteenth century work. This might suggest the
approximate date of the machine," which is very old and
decayed.
" The late Chancellor Ferguson, F.S.A., with whom I had
much correspondence at this time, and to whom I sent a photo-
graph and description of the machine, fully concurred with me
as to the derivation of the name given to the smaller dumb bells,
and Sir Henry Dryden, to whom he showed the photograph,
attributed it to the seventeenth century, * when bell-ringing was
part of a gentleman's education and practice.' It was probably
to train and keep in practice the arms for bell-ringing," as well
as for exercise.
"John Northbrooke, in a treatise against ' Diceing and
Dancing,' 1577, says: 'In the reign of Queen Elizabeth the
progress of building in London was like an inundation ; it
overflowed the ancient fields and vacant spaces within and
around the city, so that tilt yards, shooting grounds, and race-
courses were covered with streets and alleys, and thus the active
civic sports were of a necessity in a great degree laid aside. As
a substitute for these healthful exercises, young gentlemen were
exhorted to labour in their chambers with poises of lead' that
is, to exercise with dumb bells."
THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET. 105
ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA.
Allingion. One service bell, inscribed " T. Mears of London
fecit 1827; one call bell, inscribed " S. P. 1631. W"
Alton Pancras. 3rd : Possibly of the same type as Winter-
borne Monkton, &c. The cross seems to be the same as
South Newton, Wilts, sth. H. B. W.
Batcomle. ist : Unknown founder.
Beaminster. Treble bell: After "T. Bilbie " add " Sen'."
Tenor : The inscription ends with " fecit."
Bourton. Bells lately added :
2. Ring out the false, ring in the true.
3. Ring in the valiant man and free.
4. 1905. Edwardus vii R et I vivat R P. B.
5. Good people all who hear me ring. Be faithful to your God
and King. J. C. Sparrow M A Vicar. Thomas Miles
Edgar Burpitt, churchwarden.
6. To the service of God and to the memory of their father and
mother this bell is given by the children of Oliver Maggs
and Louisa Maggs of Bullpits Bourton A D 1905. On all
who dwell within my sound. May God's most holy peace
abound.
Bradford Peverell. The treble and tenor bells were given to
the church in 1896, in which year the three ancient bells were
re-cast. The whole peal was cast by Messrs. Mears and Stain-
bank, whose names and addresses are on each.
Bridport S. Andrew. From the title omit " West Bay."
Bridport S. Mary.
1. Cast by John Warner & Sons London 1887. To the glory
of God. Two bells were added and the peal completed in
the Jubilee year of the reign of Queen Victoria 1887.
E. J. L. B. Henslowe Rector, S. Whetham and J. W.
Hartgill Churchwardens
2. Cast by John Warner & Sons London 1887 Jubilate Deo
From the women of Bridport A.D. 1887.
106 THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET.
3. Recast by John Warner & Sons London 1887. Thomas
Hears founder London 1843 This bell was added
A.D. 1843 Robert Broadley Rector R. Tucker and E. S.
Knight C.W.
4. Recast by John Warner & Sons London 1887 T.P. Anno
Domini 1681. R D N D C W.
5. Recast by John Warner & Sons London 1887 John Colfox
Elias Punfield churchwardens Cast by Thomas Bayley,
Bridgwater 1764
6. Recast by John Warner & Sons London 1887 Thomas
Mears founder London A.D. 1726 recast 1843 R. Tucker
and E. S. Knight C.W.
7. Recast by John Warner & Sons London 1887 %* AD. 1630
8. Thomas Mears founder London The gift of J. Grancell
and Joan his wife. Sing praises to God A.D. 1734.
Recast 1843 R Tucker and E. S. Knight CW and
recast by John Warner & Sons London 1887.
Broadwindwr. 4th : Cros^~ Ellacombe's Somerset No. i. By
R. Norton or I. T., of Exeter. 5th : By Robert Norton, of
Exeter, i5th century.
Buckhorn Weston.6i\\ bell: After "Shroton" read "Esq
1727. WKBF"
Cattistock. The list of inscriptions is inverted, the description
of the treble being last, instead of first.
Charminster. Tenor (see Fig, 15). It seems to the writer
that the inscription on this bell is not a bell founder's jumble,
but an inscription by a founder engaged after the Reformation
to cast the bell for the church, and who used this cryptic means
of recording his own or his employer's adherence to the
unreformed faith at a time when such an inscription, if plainly
worded, would not have been allowed. He possessed a fount of
mediaeval black letter type, as well as a more modern fount, and
he mingled both indiscriminately, and added a fleur-de-lis
emblem and a symbol which was used at the time in manu-
scripts to represent S. With this light, on turning to the
inscription (Fig. 15), it will be seen to read $ M. S M. (?) M.
THE CllURCH BELLS OF DORSET. 16)
MB. M S or " $ Maria, Saneta Maria, Ave Maria, Maria
beata, Maria Saneta." W. M. B.
Tenor : May be as you suggest, but looks to me like a late
(Elizabethan) jumble of stamps without meaning. A parallel as
regards the abbreviations you suggest would be at Whitchurch,
Warwickshire. IN R I A E MA G A P A = Jesus
Nazarenus Rex Judeorum Ave Maria Gracia Plena. H. B. W.
Cheselborne. 2nd : Probably the same group as Winterborne
Monkton. Cf, for the U, S. Newton and Wylye, Wilts. H. B. W.
3rd (Fig. 18) : It will be noticed that the crowned monogram
at the end of the inscription is that of S. Mary.
Cranborne. For " seven " read " eight."
Durweston. Treble: For "1880" read "1887." 3rd: For
" 1765" read " 1766." 4th and 5th : Add final e to Prays and
Fear.
Fording/on. 5th (Fig. 1 1) : The disused tenor at Wingrave, by
John Danyell, c. 1450-1460, has lettering with crowned capitals,
similar to that on this bell. Danyell probably inherited this
fount of type from his predecessor Walgrave, who cast this bell
1430-1450; the shield gives his initials, and handed it on to
Henry Jordan, who succeeded him.
Forde Alley Chapel. By Brasyer, of Norwich. No one knows
how it came all the way into Dorset !
Frampton. The following particulars relating to the church
bells are taken from the Rolls of the Court Leet and Liberty of
Frampton :
Oct. 1 6. 1866 It was resolved that the Bells should be put in
repair at a cost of 60 on ringing the first peal after the
completion of the work a crack appeared in the tenor bell w h
bore the inscription " Cast at the cost of Rober* Browne Esquire
L. C. 1694 Give thanks to God Almighty."
In the following Oct 1867 It was reported that the bells had
been repaired & rehung the broken bell and another having
been recast the whole at a cost of ^97. 19 and that the new bells
(the 2nd & tenor) had been inscribed with the doggrels reported
in the foregoing list.
I08 THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET.
Gillingham. 2nd : For F read T. 3rd : Date 1726.
Hahtock. Treble : For I.B read L B. 3 rd : For "lo" read
"Tho" and for V.K read W.K. 4th and 5th must be inter-
changed and for P P read R P 5th : For "Come to" read
" Com at " and after second W F add T.
Hampreston. 2nd: For "Rector" read " Rect " and add
WK B F. 1738
Hazelbury Bryan. 3rd : A local type. For the cross cf.
Ellacombe, Somerset 91. 2nd: Unknown.
Iwerm Minster. To the list of bells add 4th : Give lavd to
God I W 1618 5th: O be joyful in the Lord I W
1618
Kington Magna. 3rd : For "Left to right" read "right to
left."
Maiden Newton. 5th : Possibly by John Barber, of Salisbury.
Cf. Chittern and Norton Bavant, Wilts. Ellacombe, Somerset,
Fig. 32. H.B. W.
Marnhull. 3rd : (Date) 1595
Melbiuy Bulb. By John Kebyll, of London, c. 1460-1480.
Mtlcombe Bingham. Both bells : Cf. Charlton Musgrove,
Somerset (Ellacombe, Figs. 31, 107).
Milton Abbey. The following particulars of the old bells of
Milton Abbey are supplied by the vicar, the Rev. H. Pentin :
Towards the end of the i8th century Joseph Darner, Lord
Milton (Lord of the Manor of Milton Abbey) decided to pull
down the old town of Milton. Mr. Harrison, a resident
solicitor, put a difficulty in his Lordship's way by refusing to
sell his lease, although he was offered three times its value. So
the water crept around his premises. Mr. Harrison then entered
an action against Lord Milton for flooding his house, and the
lawyer won the case. A few days afterwards his Lordship went
to London, and on his way to Blandford he heard the bells of
the Abbey Church ringing. This he interpreted as a sign of
parochial joy at his defeat and departure ; and nothing would
satisfy him but the sale of the offending bells. The bells were
really ringing to commemorate Guy Fawkes' Day ; it was the
THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET. IOQ
5th of November. But the bells had to go, for Lord Milton,
"the autocrat," had spoken; and his friend, the Dean of
Norwich, had said that "bell-ringing caused much idleness and
drinking." The great tenor bell, weighing 35cwt., was sold to
Bath Abbey; two other of the bells were given to S. James'
Church, Milton (one of which was cracked by a carpenter
striking it with a hammer, at a wedding, just before it was
hung) ; but what became of the other Abbey bells is not known.
There is a record, however, that, when the parishioners saw
their old bells carted away, they stood at their house-doors
weeping.
Motconibe. Treble : For " Giles read " Miles" 6th : Correct
inscription as follows :
ets eou [sic] 8aav OeoScopa tf &e6boros 5eSw/ce /te.
Netherbury.y& : To " P R M " add "I" A correspondent
thinks the date is intended for 1636 ; the third figure is inverted.
In the note read " Bridgewater" for " Bridport."
Nether Cerne. Tenor: A common local type, I believe. 2nd
unknown.
Osmington Treble : This belongs to a puzzling group of bells
which has some claim to be considered as the work of Peter de
Wesion (see Surrey Sells, p. 16), but the lettering is of a new
type. There are two sub-groups, distinguished by initials below
the initial * cross :
(1) P W. Ridgewell, Essex, 5th.
Whitwell, I. of Wight, 3rd.
Appledram, Sussex, ist and 2nd.
Broadchalke, Wilts, 6th.
(2) R. Chale, I. of Wight, ist.
Beeding, Sussex, ist and 2nd.
Washington, Sussex, ist and 2nd.
Yapton, Sussex, 4th.
* The cross is given in Surrey Sells (loc. cit.).
110 THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET.
Osmington, Dorset, ist.
Downton, Wilts, 3rd.
Milton Abbas, ist.
The cross in each case is a plain thin one ; the lettering is
also plain, rather high and narrow ; the symbol for S is char-
acteristic (cf. the early Bury St. Edmund's bells, as at Coton,
Cambs.).
The initials P. W., of course, point to Peter de Weston, nor
will they suit any other known founder ; but he would hardly
have hady0#r sets of type. It is not absolutely certain that they
are Londoners, but there being one in Essex seems to point to
the probability.
The R., I think, suggests a Christian name rather than a
surname. In Surrey Bells, p. 73, Roger de Kyrkeby is given as
founding 1347-1356, i.e., just after P. de Weston, and he may be
the founder of this group. He may have acted as foreman to
P. de W., and placed the latter's initials on bells made for him.
Those with R. were made by him independently, and their
localities suggest that he itinerated in Wessex and Sussex.
(From forthcoming " Church Bells of Essex" by H. W. B.}
Poole. The tower of the old church was built about 1500 ; in
it was one large bell and a saint's bell. Tradition says here were
eight bells, which were lost at sea about a league hence as they
were carrying (it) into Holland in the reign of Edward VI.
Another and more touching tradition saith that anciently a
perfect peal was provided of 6 or 8 bells, which were shipped on
board a vessel to be conveyed to Poole ; but that owing to some
impiety on the part of the crew .... the vessel was
totally wrecked in a storm with the loss of all on board near Old
Harry Point. Two small bells were then procured and placed in
the tower, and the ancient mariners, when a ground swell comes
on in a wintry eve, will still listen for the moaning of the impious
crew and the solemn chime of the sunken bells mournfully
echoing from the deep sea in which they are entombed.
(Hutchins, Dorset, Vol. I, p. 49.)
THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET. Ill
Puddletown Treble : Add " Hears & Stainbank founders
London."
Shaflesbury S. Peter's. 2nd: Add 1670.
Sherborne.TeKor : To the couplet, " By Wolsey's gift, &c.,"
add the letters G. H.
Mr. Wildman, with reference to these initials, writes: "Who
was G. H. ? Clearly, I think, he was the author of this couplet.
The churchwardens commemorated on this bell when it was
re-cast in 1670 were Gustavus Home and Walter Pride. It does
not seem far-fetched to infer that G. H. is Gustavus Home. If
so, the couplet cannot be regarded, as some have thought, as
equivalent to contemporary evidence that Wolsey gave this bell.
It only proves what the belief was in 1670, when Gustavus
Home composed the couplet. At the same time I believe that
Wolsey did give this bell to Sherborne, as there is no reason to
distrust the tradition. On the fire bell the lettering I W I G
should be I W I C, and they surely are the initials of John
Whatcomb and John Cooth, churchwardens, 1653."
Silton. Treble : For G C T G read G T C G 1900 Deo
gloria This bell is said to have been brought from Farnworth,
in Lancashire. 2nd : A correspondent thinks the date is
intended for 1657. 5 th : For " Burfitt " read " Bvrpvtt "
Solway Ash. One small bell, diameter zoin., inscribed J.
Taylor & C Loughborough 1897.
South Perrot.i\\& : For " 1650 " read " 1602 R P" 3rd :
To the date add I H T P"
Steeple. I have collected all the instances of the Culverden
stamp, and in Cocks's C.B. of Bucks there is a marvellous
account of a law suit of Culverden's against another bell founder,
Smith, for libel. The petition must, I think, have been
presented in the Court of Requests, abolished in 1641. There
seems to have been a foundry in Culver Street, Salisbury.
Culver being the old word for a dove, the joke seems to have
arisen from the supposed cooing of the bell. There is no parish
in England of the name of Culverden, though there may be a
hamlet or manor. Dr. Raven.
112 THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET.
Stoke Abbot. 4th : Probably I. T., of Exeter. Cf. Ellacombe's
Somerset 29 (at E. Quantoxhead). For 1755 read 1725.
Stourpaine. 2nd : Add EM R M and between Canons I F.
3rd: For 1871 read 1876. 4th: Instead of "re-cast" read
" cast."
Slower Provost. Tenor : For " Priory" read " Friary"
Sydling. Tenor and old 2nd : Both unknown.
Thornford. Two new treble bells cast by Warner and Son are
now (1906) being hung in the tower as a memorial to the late
Rector. They are said to be inscribed (i), Wilfrid 1905 (2),
Roxby 1905.
Tincleton. For one bell read two bells.
Toller Whelme These bells are of steel.
Tolpuddle. ist: Probably Salisbury. Cf. Somerset, Fig. 7,
and Westerleigh, Gloucs. (See my paper.) The history of this
cross wants investigation. It occurs in South Hants and
W. Sussex.
3rd : Apparently by John Saunders, of Reading (for whom
see Cocks' Ch. Bells of Bucks), but, if so, it was cast in his
early days at Winchester. The stamp should have the arms of
the See (crossed keys and sword) ? There is, I believe, another
of his bells at Hammoon. H. B. W.
Tenor : Unknown, a purely local type.
Tonerspuddle. Unknown, probably i4th century.
Warmwell. Tenor : By I. T. (cf. 2nd). The border occurs in
Somerset (Ellacombe, fig. 86). The rose stamp occurs at
Keynsham, Somerset, by a founder whose initials are R. A.
(date 1654). He must have succeeded I. T. H. B. W.
Wimborne Minster. The following account of the Wimborne
Minster bells is by Mr. G. F. Score, parish clerk : " As from time
to time enquiries are made respecting the fine peal of bells in
Wimborne Minster, I venture to give a few particulars concern-
ing them. Through the kindness of the churchwardens in
allowing me to examine their accounts, I have been able to
verify most of the particulars and to give many items never
before published.
THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET. 113
The western or bell tower was completed in 1464, but there
were bells in the Minster long before that time.
We know by the inscription on the tenor bell, which was re-
cast in 1629, that it was given by a Mr. William Loringe. He,
according to Hutchins, was one of the Canons of this church in
the eighth year of King Richard II. (nearly 250 years before
this bell was new-cast). This would give the original date as
about the year 1385.
The churchwardens' accounts begin as early as 1475, and from
the commencement of them we find references concerning the
bells and particular names given to some of them, as
" The Morrow Mass Bell." " The Jesus Bell."
" The ffyer Bell."
In all likelihood the bell of S. Cuthberga hung in, and was
chimed from the lantern (or central) tower, and other smaller
bells beside. This would account for windows being left open
in this tower to allow an exit for the vibrations of sound ; these
windows, though externally they are walled up, can still be traced
inside.
Bells may also have been brought here from S. Stephen's
Chapel at Kingston, which was disused about 1562, and these
bells, with others, may have been melted down and used in
casting new bells.
In an entry in the parish accounts, under the date 1686, it is
stated that ^28 was received from the bell founders for overplus
of metal.
The following are extracts from the old accounts relating to
the bells which existed before the present peal ; they are taken
principally from Hutchins' abstract of the accounts :
1475. " Paid for mending the stock of a bell, and " clams"
bought for the same 4^d. Other repairs for the
bells. A new baudrick bought. For a new rope
bought for the bell called " Cuthburgh " bell i2d.
For mending the wheel of the little bell 3d."
1495. Paid to Thomas Carpenter for making a wheel
for a little bell 33. 4d. To Thomas Archer for
114. THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET.
mending a clapper. To John Scote for two
bell wheels. For a man of Ryngwode for trussy-
ing a bell and for nails lyAd. For a new
bawdrick for Cuthborough bell izd. A cord for
ditto i6d.
1496. For celebrating a Mass for a deceased person 45. 4d.
For ringing the bells 3d. Item. "For a rope
bourt to the Saunctus bell " Qd.
1504. Paid for divers works done about the bell frames to
Thomas Carpenter, zos. id. Paid for making 30!.
of brass " le brasse" 43. and allowed for the
purchase of iSlbs of new metal 55.
1505. Item. " payde for a stoppe for I.H.S. (Jesus) bell"
izd. For a "bawdry" (baldrick) to Cuthburga's
bell i8d.
1506. Item. " payde for kepying of a dyrgys (dirge ?) to y e
quere : y e rynggying beer and al 43. yd.
Item. " payde to Thomas Carpynter for turning
the second bell zs. 8d.
Item, "payde to W. Home for castyng of y e belle
^"4 3 4. Item, ilb of wex to the same &c.
Item. " y geve for hys costs att h s fyrste comyng
zod.
Item. to John Crabbe " for takyng doune of y e
belle " 8d. Item. " for weyyng of y e belle " 4d.
Item. "y e hanggyng " 8d, Item. "A reward for
hys takelyng (tackling) izd.
1510. Item, "to John Clarke for takyng doune of a bell,"
izd.
Item, for carryying y e belle owte and home 6s. gd.
Item, "for castyng y e belle" 373. 40.
Item. " for costs of 4 men and 4 horsse owte and
home" 75. zd.
Item. " for pewter to y e belle zs. 6d.
Item. " to a carpynter for hangyng of z bellys.
Item. " payde for takyng doune of a bell " izd.
THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET. 115
Item. " delyveryd to y e bell caster 6s. 8d.
1524. Item, "to the smyth at Ryngwod for the claper of
Sent Cuthbroghe bell'"' izd.
Paid " for careage of the belle to Salsbere 53.
for "new casting of the clock bell and for new
metal bought of the founder " ^5 9 8.
Paid " for the careage of the bell from Sarum
home and for hanging of the said bell, above that
we gathered " i6d.
1530. The Haloyng of the Clock Bell to the Suffrygan. Payd
for halowyng of new pyx and chesybls, with awter
cloths izd. ; and to the Suffrygan's servaunts 8d. ;
and for four ells of linen cloth for the Suffrygan,
and for two ells of bokram and two ells of
" cam'is," 2s. ; and for frank kyn sence 4d ; and
for wyne and the clerks labour" 4d.
Item. " pay'd to the bell founder for mendyng of the
second bell when it was craysd " in part payment
of 273. 8d. 133. 4d.
Mem : " That the bell founder owyth for 3lbs of
metall that was in hys ladyll " i2d.
1534. " payd ffor a new Rope ifor the peycys of the Cloke &
a Rope ffor the morrow mas bell " 2od.
1571. Second bell new cast
1575. A rope for the " ffyer bell " 4d.
1581. Paid to Mr. Toogood for kepinge of the cheime (Mr
Toogood was one of the ministers).
The " bell founderer," his wages 6s. 8d.
The " bell founders theer ernest 6d.
I Other payments on account of casting a bell.
Paid for " caryadge of our bells to Gatemyster to be
caste " 233.
To them which guided the carts zod.
For casting the bells j.
1604. "Unto Byshop of Blandford for mendynge the great
bell clapper 133. lod.
Il6 THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET.
1608. To the "anvelmaker for new making the great bell
clapper 385. yd.
Ironwork made to hang a bell in the " speare."
To " Goodman King for careing of the bell to Sarum
to be new cast, and home agayne " 203.
Mr. Wallis the bell founder
" Tacking doune of the fourth bell and hanging of
him upp agayne " 4.5. 6d.
The present bells are a fine peal of eight in the key of D.
The following particulars are given of them with inscriptions
and approximate weights, &c :
ist (ycwt.) and 2nd (8cwt.), 1856. Inscription, " C. & G.
Mears, Founders, London. These Bells were
raised by Subscription 1856. Henry Frampton
William Holland Churchwardens Charles
Webb Charles B. Rowe Edward Henry Hen-
ning, Secretary Alfred Ellis, Jun r Frederick C.
Lewer W T illiam G. Webb "
3rd (gcwt.), 1686. (This was the treble bell of the old peal of
six )
Inscription, " Sum minima hie campana at inest
sua gratia parvis. (I am the least bell here, but
each little one has its own charm.) S.K. 1686.
M.R.T.P. C.W. T.B. This bell was added
toy 6 five in 1686."
4th (izcwt), 1686. Inscription, "S M V. Pulsata Rosa-
mundi Maria Vocata. (I am rung the Rose of
the world called Mary) Samuel Knight Fee set
1686. T.B." Mathew Raindle Thomas Pottell
Churchwardens
(Painted on bell.) This Bell was new hung in
the year 1776 By (Probably John
Bemister.)
(The S M V is a founder's error for S V M = Sum.)
In 1776 the churchwardens paid John Bemister's bill,
11 1 6s., but no particulars are given.
THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET. llj
The churchwardens' accounts have the following entries con-
cerning these last two bells :
1686. " P d for cariage of the bells to Sarum & bringing
the new bells back ^250.
P d other expenses at Sarum at casting the bells 2.
P d for carving the bells the 2 nd time to Sarum &
bringing the new i.
Received of the Bell founder for the overplus of
mettall besides the two new Bells the sum of
P d the Bell founders charge at his 3 first times
coming over in bargaining and taking down the
bells as by our contract agreed i 134.
P d Richard Whin die for twice coming over &
hanging & tuning the bells $ 1 1 6."
5th (i6cwt.), 1598. Inscription," thou the Lord olad
1598. I.W. (Generally given as Praise thou
the Lord.)
6th (iScwt.), 1600. Inscription, " Sounde out the Belles in
God regoyce " I.W. 1600.
From churchwardens' accounts concerning these last two
bells :
1598. "Paid for castyng of y e bell, metal, and other
charges ^855 To John Kyng for castyng of
y e bell 133 4d
1600. For new casting the third bell and other charges
l 7 o."
yth (2ycwl.), 1798. Inscription, " George Oakley & Samuel
Bartlett. Churchwardens Robert & James
Wells Aldbourn Fecit 1798 "
In this year, 1798, an account was paid to Mr. Wells for
67 43., which was probably for this bell, but no particulars are
given. Aaron Abbott for carr e i 10 o.
Tenor (or Cuthberga bell). (Weight unknown, reputed
3o-36cwt.) Inscription, "Mr. Wilhelmus
Loringe me primo fecit in honorem Ste
11 THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET.
Cuthbergae renovabar sumptu parochial! per A3
Anno Domini 1629 " " Mr. William Loringe first
made me in honour of St. Cuthberge ; I was
re-cast at the expense of the parish by Anthony
Bond." H. Bradstocke R. Lewen Gardiani.
C.P.S.W.R. W.B.
(Painted on bell.) This Bell was new hung in the
year ...7... (Probably 1776.) John Bemister.
NOTE. See 4th bell. John Bemister's bill.
The re-casting of the " Great Bell " was evidently a great
event for the people of Wimborne, and the churchwardens were
very careful to give every detail in their accounts. We give
below the full statement as set out :
THE CHARGES OF NEWE CASTINGS THE GREAT BELL
1629.
s. d.
Item Gave to, and spent uppon Anthonye Bond
the Bell founder at his first cominge . . i 8
Item for mettle for the great Bell . . ..1786
Item for Bricks to make the ffurnace .. .. 16 4
Item to Henry Allen and his sone for their Garden
to melt the great Bell in . . . . 150
Item for wood in all to melt the great Bell .. i 19 o
Item for clearing of the same wood . . . . 60
Item for bringinge pte of this wood to the ffurnace 3 o
Item for 2 peers of Elme, 2 Elmen Planks and for
more Elme to make 12 Puleys & for
bringing it . . . . . . 170
Item for Timber to make a new wheele for the
great Bell . . . , . . 83
Item for Coles to newe make the Irons for the
great Bell . . . . . . 36
Item for ffetchinge Mr. Scutts Rope from Poole to
helpe doune & upp the great Bell and
for carying it back . . . . 20
THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET. IIQ
s. d.
Item to Mr. Scutt for that his Rope was tome . . 80
Item to the Roper for new makinge his Rope . 80
Item spent uppon Mr. Scutt and other when he
lent us his Rope . . . . 8
Item to Stronge for Iron and work he did for the Bell i o 8
Item to Richard Stickland for 2 Axces for the
traules wch carried the great Bell to the
ffurnace . . . . i 4
Item to Heulett for lendinge his schopp and tooles
to the Bell founder and for helpinge him 5 o
Item for drawinge makinge and twice Ingrossinge
the bond and articles betweene the Bell
founder and us the Churchwardens . . 40
Item to Mr. Bryars to see them sealed in the Isle
of Wight by his suertyes wch saved us to
send a messenger . . . . i o
Item in Bread and Beere at severall times to such
as helpt about wayinge, taking doune and
carryinge the great Bell to the ffurnace
for bringinge it back and wayinge it
againe & for helpinge it upp . . 80
Item to James Purchase for 4 dayes worke to helpe
the Bell founder about the makinge the
newe wheele, the Roler and Pullyes . . 4
Item for navies for the newe wheele . . . . 6
Item for ffeorks for the Great Bell . . . . i 6
Item paid to Anthonye Bond the Bell founder and
for him for his wages for newe castinge
the great Bell at 6s. 8d. the 100 it
wayinge thiertye hundred and a halfe . . 10 3 4
Sum .. .. 35 16 3
In addition to the peal there are two small bells in one of the
windows of the north wall of the western tower, upon which the
military figure or jack strikes the quarters in connection with the
clock.
1 16 .THE CHURCH BELLS Otf DORSEt.
The figure was made in 1613, as shown by the following entry
from the accounts :
1613. "To one of Blandford for carving of the jack IDS."
There is no date on the bells. Various customs are still
observed in connection with the bells, which are rung here three
times in the day. There is a morning bell rung according to
the season, from 6 a.m. in the summer, then at 6.30, and in the
winter at 7, also at 12 o'clock noon, and the curfew at 8 p.m.
These bells may be a survival of the Angelus bell. Some
say they were rung in connection with the Grammar School
the morning bell to rise, 12 o'clock to have dinner, and 8 o'clock
to retire to rest.
On Shrove Tuesday there is a bell rung at 1 1 o'clock,
commonly known as the " Pancake Bell."
On Saints' days two bells are chimed at 8 a.m.
Winterbourne Abbas. Tenor : Probably by John Sturdy, of
London, 1420-1440. Compare Nettlecombe, Somerset, and
Harlington, Beds. The crosses and lettering are his, but the
initials I. S. absent, though usually found on his bells. H. B. W.
Winterborne Monkton. When the present Rector came to
Monkton, many years ago, the staging for the four bells
mentioned in the list of Church Goods taken in the reign of
Ed. VI. in 1552 still existed in the tower, but only one of these
bells remained. The old people reported that the other bells
had been sold and the proceeds used in the repair of the church.
On examining the entries in the " Monkton Church Book," he
found that in 1802 $i 195. 4jd. had been spent (of which
12 8s. gd. was for a faculty), and in 1903 57 is. 2^d. total,
^"89 os. yd., and in 1835-6 ^49 33. 4^d., almost the whole of
which was spent in the repair of the church, and in those years
only fifteen shillings a year was raised by] rate. There is no
record of how the money was obtained ; it certainly was not by
voluntary subscriptions. W. M. B.
I believe this type to be by a Salisbury founder. The cross
occurs (in a square) on the 5th at South Newton, Wilts, also at
Wylye (3rd), with inscription in capitals. Winterborne Came
THE CHtJRCH fcELLS OF DORSET.. 121
ist, Godmanstone ist, and Chesilborne 2nd belong to this
group. The inscriptions are sometimes Gothic capitals, some-
times "mixed" capitals, and smalls. Hence the date is probably
about 1400. H. B. W.
Wraxall. Information obtained from the old parish clerk.
Rather over fifty years ago Wraxall Church had two bells, one of
which was cracked. About that time Squire Sheen (?), who was
the owner of Wraxall Manor and lived at Chalmington, did a
good deal of repair to the church. He took oat the cracked
bell, making the cote smaller, and carried it away to Chalming-
ton. " Canon Rooke said he didn't ought to do no such thing,
but he never went after that there old bell to bring 'en back, and
where he be now, I'm sure, I can't tell."
BELLS IN DORSET CHURCHES, TEMP. EDW. VI.,
A.D. 1552.
From a Manuscript in the Record Office.
In the list beneath letters are used to denote the bells as follows : a. Great
bells, generally in the tower, b. "Lyche" bell. c. " Saunce " bells,
d. "Sacrynge" bells, e. Lyttel bells.
THE DENARYE OF DORCHESTER.
1. Studlond, 3 a.
2. Knoll, 3 a.
3. Wyke Regis, 4 a.
4. Est Stafford, 3 a.
5. Styple, O.
6. Corffe Castel, 4 a, i c.
7. Toller Fratrum, 2 a, i b,
i d.
8. Kyngeston, 2 a.
9. Westlulworth, 3 a.
10. Tymham, O, 2 e.
11. Langton Matravers, 3 a,
i b.
12. Est holme, 2 a.
13. Wourthe, 3 a, i b.
14. Sandewyche, 4 a.
122
THE CHURCH BELLS OF >ORSEf .
15. Kemerydge, 2 a, i b.
1 6. Byndon Chapel, i (20
inches broad and the
same high).
17. Est Stoke, 2 a.
18. Est lulwourthe, 3 a.
19. Woolle, 4 a.
20. Combkaynes, 2 a.
21. Portelond, 2 a.
22. Wynterborne Monckton,
4 a.
23. Chaldon Herynge, 3 a.
24. Compton Valance, 3 a.
25. Upwaye, 2 a, i d, i e.
26. Mayne Martell, 3 a.
27. Faringedon alias Wynter-
borne Germayne, 2 a.
28. Stockewoode, O.
29. Knyghton, 3 a.
30. Osmyngeton, 4 a.
31. Byncombe, 3 a.
32. Frampton, 5 a, 2 belles
abrode in the churche.
33. Flete, 2 a.
34. Wynforde Egle, 2 a.
35. Fordingeton, 5 a.
36. Moreton, 3, whereof one
ys broken.
37. Winterborne Cane, 3 a.
38. Dorchester HolyTrynitie,
4 a, i b.
39. All Saints (Dorchester),
3 a.
40. Saincte Peter (do.), 5 a.
41. Charmyster, 4 a.
42. Forston, 2 e.
43. Warmewell, 3 a.
44. Chykerell, 2 a.
45. Poxwyll, i "bell hang-
inge in the churche
yearde "
46. Wytcombe, 2 a.
47. Owre Moyne, 3 a.
48. Stratton, 4 a.
49. Bradfford Peverell, 3 a.
50. Wynfryth Newborowe,
4 a.
51. Frome Vauchurche, i a.
52. Sutton Poyntes, 4 a.
53. Wynterborne Marten, 4 a.
54. Radipoll, 2 a.
THE DENARYE OF PYMPERNE.
55. Wychehampton, 3 a.
56. Stanbrydge, 2 a.
57. Chabbury, 2 a.
58. Farnham, 2 a, i b, i e.
59. Hanley, 3 a.
60. Hamone, 2 a, 2 d.
6 1 . Wymborne omnium sanc-
torum alias over Stower,
3 a.
62. Tarrant Rusheton,-2 a.
63. Gussage St. Michaelis,
4 a.
THE CHtJRCH BELLS Of DORSET.
64. Chettell, 3 a.
65. Hynton Martell, 4 a, i e.
66. Alhallon Gussage, 4 a.
67. Tarrant Caynston, 3 a.
68. Edmundeshill, 3 a.
69. Horton, 3 a.
70. Tarrant Gonfyld, 3 a.
71. Langton, 3 a.
72. More Crychell, 3 a.
73. Longe Crichell, O.
74. Tarrant Launston, 2 a.
75. Cramborne, 4 a.
76. Tarrant Monacorum, 3 a.
77. Wymborne S. Egidii, 3 a.
78. Tarrant Hynton, 3 a.
79. Stower Payne, 4 a.
80. Knowlton (Capella de),
3 a, i b.
8 1. Ayshmeyre, 2 a.
82. Shapwyke, 3 a.
83. Pymperne, 3 a, i c.
84. Up Wymborne, 2 a.
85. Woodyattes, 2 a.
86. Crafforde Parva, 3 a.
87. Blandford Forum, 4 a,
i c, 2d.
88. Pentrydge, 2 a.
THE DENRY OF WHYTCHURCHE.
89. Helton, 4 a, i b.
90. Afpudell, 4 a.
91. Stoke wake, 4 a.
92. Stynfforde, 3 a.
93. Pulham, 3 a.
94. Godmanston, 4 a.
95. Aimer, 4 a.
96. Wareham Martini, 2 a.
97. Charleton, 4 a.
98. Fyphed Nevell, 4 a.
99. Sydlynge, Hylfyld, &
Upp Sydlyng', 5 a, i b,
3 e.
100. Armytage, 2 a.
10 1. Mynterne, 2 a.
102. Wynterborne Stycklond,
3 a.
103. Durweston, 4 a.
104. Pudeltowne, 4 a.
105. Bloxworthe, 3 a, i b.
106. Pudeltrenched, 5 a.
107. Wareham St. Mychaell,
3 a.
1 08. Tynkelton, 2 a.
109. Howton, 3 a.
no. Pudelhynton, 4 a.
in. Spetysbury, 3 a.
112. Lytchet Matravers, 3 a.
113. Wynterborne Selson, 3 a,
114. Glanfeld Wootton, 3 a.
115. Newton Bucklond, 5 a.
1 1 6. Longe Cheselbourne,
5 a, i e.
117. Mylton, 4 a, and the
clocke bell.
1 1 8. Turners Pudell, 2 a, i b.
1 1 6. Jbryngton, 2 a.
120. Tolpuddell, 4 a.
124
THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET.
121. Whytchurche, 4 a, i b.
122. Haselbeare, 5 a.
123. Netherseron, 2 a.
124. Cerne, 5 a.
125. Okeford Shyllynge, 4 a.
126. Wollonde, O, i b.
127. Lytchett Mynster, 4 a.
128. Plush, i a.
129. Wareham St. Trynytis,
4 a.
130. Aron Chappell annexede
to Wareham, 2 a.
131. Stomyster Marshall, 4 a.
132. Mordon. 4 a, i b.
133. Wareham St. Maries,
4 a.
134. Alton, 4 a.
135. Anderstonde fyss Ashe,
2 a.
136. Burston, 2 a, one of
them broken.
137. Wareham St. Peters,
2 a.
138. Beare Regis, 4 a.
139. Wynterborne Regis,
3 a.
140. Manpowder, 4 a.
141. Develyshe, 2 a.
142. Mylborne St. Androwes,
3 a, i b.
143. Vpcerne, i a.
144. Blandforde Mary, 3 a.
145. Turneworthe, 3 a.
146. Corff Molen, 4 a.
147. Eversute, 4 a.
148. Frome Quyntayne.. 2 a.
14.9. Melcombe Horsey, 2 a.
150. Clenston, i a.
THE DENARY OF BYRPORTE.
151. Chardstok, 5 a, one
lyttyl bell in the
Chancell, 2 other
lyttyll belles.
152. Stocklonde, 4 a.
153. Dai woode (Chappell of),
4 a, i b, 3 d.
154. Southe Perat, 3 a, 3 d.
155. Mostron in the afore-
said parish), O, i e.
156. Maperton, 2 a.
157. Byrton, 4 a, i b.
158. Shipton (Capella de
Byrton), 3 a.
159. Chedyoke, 4 a, i b.
1 60. Whytchurch, 5 a, i b.
161. Longe Bryddy & Lyttell
Bryddy, 6 a, i b.
162. Askerswell, 4 a.
163. Coscombe, 4 a.
164. Byrtport, 3 a, i b.
165. Portysham, 3a.
1 66. Gorton, one bell.
167. West Compton, 2 a.
1 68. Loders, 5 a, i b.
169. Bawnton, 3 a.
170. Waldyche, 2 a.
171. Hooke, 3 a.
THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET.
125
172. May don Newton, 4 a,
i b, 2 e.
173. Chedyngton, 3 a, n
other small belles.
174. Netherbury, 5 a, i b.
175. Bemynster, i a.
176. Abbotysbury, 5 -a.
177. Wynterborne Abbas, 3 a,
i b.
178. Halstocke, 5 a.
179. Abbotystoke, 3 a, i e.
1 80. Symysboroughe, 4 a.
1 8 1. Puncknoll, 3 a.
182. Swyere, 3 a.
183. Catystocke, 3 a.
184. Toller Porcorum, 4 a,
i b, 3 d.
185. Lyme Regis, 2 a.
1 86. Charmouthe, 3 a, i b.
187. Chylfrome, 2 a.
1 88. Mylton, 3 a.
189. Porestocke, 5 a, i e.
190. Haukechurche, 4 a, i b.
191. Wambroke, 4 a, i b, 2d.
192. Allyngton, 2 a, i e.
193. Langton Herrynge, 2 a,
i b, i c, 2 d.
194. Brodwynzor, 4 a, i b.
195. Burstocke, 3 a, 12 small
cheme belles.
196. Wynterborne Stepleton,
3 a, i b, i e, "one
other bell called a
sance bell."
197. Bfappaul, 4 a, i b.
198. Rawnasham, 5 a, i b.
199. Wotton Phytz Payne,
3 a, i b.
200. Chelborough, 2 a.
201. Tollerforde, 2 a.
202. Wraxole, 2 a, i b.
203. Bettyscombe, 3 a.
204. Lytton, 4 a, i e.
205. Chylcombe, i a.
206. Pylsdon, 2 a.
207. Pore Towne, 2 a.
THE DENRY OF SHASTON.
208. Bellchalwell, 3 a.
209. Osborne, 2 a.
210. Melbury Osmonde, 4 a.
211. Stoure Parvys, 4 a, 6 d.
212. Sylton, 3 a.
213. Stoke Gaylard, 2 a.
214. Wootton Nor., 3 a.
215. Over Compton, 4 a.
216. Fawke alias Alveston,
3 a.
217. Haydon, 3 a, 2 b.
218. Thorneford, 3 a.
219. Nether Compton, 3 a.
220. Berhacket, 3 a.
221. Sturmister Newton, 4 a.
222. Caundell Marshe, O.
223. Lyllington, 4 a.
224. Stower Est our, 3 a.
225. Long Burton, 4 a.
226. Holnest, 3 a.
126 THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET.
22-. Gyllingham, 5 a, i b.
246. Shaston Trinitye, 4 a, ic.
228. Batcombe, 4 a.
247. Shaston, St. Peters, 3 a.
229. Fvntnelle, 4 a.
248. Romboll, O.
230. Compton Abbas, 3 a.
249. West Orchard, 2 a.
231. Yetminster, 5 a.
250. Holwall, 5 a, i b, ze.
232. Lighe, 3 a.
251. Caundell Episcopi, 4 a.
233. Chetnoll, 3 a.
252. Caundell Purse, 4 a.
234. Brodford, 5 a.
253. Caundell Storton, 4 a.
235. Stalbridge, 4 a.
254. Lyd Lingeche, 3 a.
236. Marnhull, 4 a.
255. Kington Magna, 4 a.
237. Melburve Bube with
256. Bochorne Weston, 3 a.
Wolcombe, 2.
257. Sutton Walron, 3 a.
238. Hinton Mary, 3 a.
258. Manstone, 4 a.
239. Stoure Estouer, 3 a.
259. Fyffeld Maudlyn, 3 a.
240. Margaret Marshe, 3 a
260. Ewren Curtney, 3 a.
241. Motcombe, 4 a, i b.
261. Farindon, 2 a.
242. Ye wren Mynster, 4 a.
262. Okford Phippin, 4 a.
243. Est Orchard, 2 a.
263. Ryme, 2 a.
244. Totbere, 2 a.
264. Melbury Abbis, 4 a.
245. Child Okeford, 3 a.
265. Shirbome, 4 a.
LIST OF AVERAGE WEIGHTS OF BELLS.
Diam. Cwt. Qr.
Diam. Cwt. Qr.
16 , . . . i o
40 .. . . 12 o
18 . . . . i 2
42 .. ..14 o
20 .. . , 2 o
44 .. . . i 6 o
22 .. . . 2 2
46 .. . . 1 8 o
24 .. .. 3 o
48 .. 20 o
26 .. . . 4 o
50 .. 22 2
28 .. ..4 3
52 .. .. 25 o
30 .. .. 5 2
54 .. . . 28 o
32 .. 6 i
56 .. .. 31 o
34 7 o
58 .. .. 36 o
36 .. .. 8 i
60 ., . . 42 o
38 .. .. jo o
THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET. 127
CHURCHWARDENS' AND CHURCH ACCOUNTS.
HORTON.
Churchwardens' Accounts.
1722.
Sold to John Appleby three Church Bells weight
20 cwt. 3qr. at 3 16 o per cwt .. .. 78 19 o
Four gudgeons at 8d per Ib .. .. .. 17 o
l9 16 o
Cartage to Poole .. .. .. 10 o
Expenses (weighing bells on quay) < . . . 86
Freight . . . . . . . . 136
Warfage at London . . . . ..220
Expenses at selling them .. .. .. 3 15 6
Humphrey Sturt ) ,
TT r~, u 11 1 churchwardens
Harry I hornbull )
Memorandum.
Whereas the Tower of the Parish Church of Horton is very
much decayed, and the Parishioners are desirous to erect a new
Tower upon a small aisle belonging to Edward Seymour Esq.,
the said Edward Seymour doth give leave that the Tower should
be erected as desired, provided the Parishioners take care to
place the monuments in the same places in which they now
stand as near as may be and proper pews be erected for him and
his family.
In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands the
day of February 172!
E Seymour
H Sturt
Harry Thornbull
Churchwardens
128 THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET.
KlNSON.
1751.
Paid for a treble bell as per bill will appear in every
particular .. .. .. . . ^13 8 2
Carriage of bell from Shaston . . . . 120
Three bell ropes .. .. .. 10 6
Iron and workmanship about bells . . . . 150
'797-
Paid the ringers when the Dutch fleet was tacken
1812.
To Joseph Puree for a new gallery and putting up.
For taking the old bells out of the tower for moving
the pulpit and fixing pews and taking away a
beam and fixing oak beam . . . . 76 2 3
Carriage of old bells to Bristol , . . . 946
Amount of bells sold . . . . . . .143 9 4
Brass boxes . . . . . . . . i i o
It is stated in the village that the bells were sold in Bristol
and the money received from them used for putting up the
gallery in the church. Reeves.
OKEFORD FITZPAINE.
The Expenses of the 5 New Bells lately placed in the Tower within
this Parish.
s. d.
Mr. Mears Bill . . .. .. .. 138 o o
Carriage of the Bells to & from Town . . . . 813
Chas Trowbridge & G. Brown for Cutting and
sawing the Timber for the same . . . . 3123
Joseph Brown's Bill .. .. .. 3 12 i
John Trowbridge Do .. .. .. i 15
Blacksmiths Bill . . . . ..247
Abraham Trowbridge Bill . . . . i
THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET. 129
S. d.
Joseph Loder's Bill . . . . . . 5
George Allen Do . . . . . . 5
Postage of Letters from London . . . . 34
158 18 6
s. d.
By Balance on last Accompt. . . 6 10 3^
Rec for Bark . . 5 7
Do for Iron . . ..2126
Do for Old Timber 2
16 9 9f 16 9
142 8 8
Deduction in Mr Mears Accompt for Brafs and
Warfage . . . . . . ..663
September yth 1820. Dwe 136 2 5^
In pursuance of notice we this day hold a Vestry & do agree
to the above Accounts.
John Lowndes Rector
B. Phillips
T i- ^ ,., /churchwardens
John Irowbndge
John Hallett ) _
c- u ir A I Overseers
Sarah Vater )
and about 2 dozen other names.
A note on opp. page states
" the 5 New Bells were placed in the Tower. June 1820.
John Loundes Rector.
Ben. Phillips \
& [> church wardens."
John TrowbridgeJ
Then follows an account of the 2s. rate of September, 1820.
Total ,104 133. 5d.
130 THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET.
This is followed by a subscription list headed as follows :
Whereas some of the parishioners objected to the payment of
the rate to defray the expense of the Bells as will be seen on the
outside of this book, In order that they should not be aggrieved
a subscription was made by many Independent Inhabitants to
defray the expense of the additional Bell as there were only 4 to
that period the Timber was given for the Frame as a donation
by the Right Hon. Lord Rivers, Lord of the Manor of this
parish.
(Total, ^41 43. id.)
PlMPERNE.
Churchwarden's Account.
1846.
June 27, p d Peter Pike for carriage of Bell to Oxford Foundry as
per Bill . . . . . . ..450
July 10, Peter Pike repairing the Bell Cages, New Beams, &c.,
in the Bellfery as p. Bill . . . . ..1400
Dec. 2, p (1 Mr. Taylor as p r Bill and stamp receipt for recasting
a Bell and Brass Work for others .. . . 25 4 o
The churchwarden's account book dates from 1751. James
Husscy.
SHAPWICK.
Paid Mr. Chapcote for the bell . . , . ^5 15 6
For beer and biscit when the bell was hanged . . 12
1768.
Expenses of carrying the old bells to Salisbury and
bringing home the new ones .. .. 3 9 10
Paid Mr. Robert Willis bell founder for the exchange
of the two old bells for 2 new ones . . . . ^.q 1 2 o
Reeves.
THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET. 131
SHERBORNE.
The first mention of the bells of All Hallows (i.e., the old
parish church which was built on to the west end of the Abbey,
and continued to be used as the parish church until the town
bought the Abbey Church at the dissolution of the Monastery in
1539), is in the year 1514-15, when some repairs were done, but
the account is much torn ; in 1515-16 23. 4d. was paid for the
keeping of the bells, and 135. 4d. was spent on the clapper of the
great bell and yd. on the bawdricks, and 4d. on grease, and 35.
on two bell ropes, and zs. zd. on trussing the Big Bell. The
Big Bell here mentioned is probably Wolsey's bell, which was
given to the town, not to the Monastery. Similar entries to
these occur regularly. All Hallows had five bells at least as
early as 1527-8. When the parish bought the Abbey Church
in 1539-40 the bells were transferred from the Parish Church
of All Hallows to the Abbey Church, and there were cer-
tainly six bells in 1542-3, for Roger Smyth was then paid 2d.
for a buckle for the bawdrick of the sixth bell, and Appulby
and his two men were paid is. 2d. for trossyng of vi th bells
and for nayles to that work. Two years later an entry occurs,
1544-5 :
Item payd to Wyllyam Butt ffor makyng off the barell off the
chyme, us. ivd ; fFor tymber off the same barell, xud.
In 1556-7 the fifth and sixth bells were recast, and a great
collection was made for the bells amounting to 61 195. pd.,
besides gifts of cows, parchment, skins, bell-wheels, &c. The
following statement is added to this account :
Belle metal wch the churche had in stoor and yt was bought
ffor the V th and vi th belles.
Inprimis the ffirst belle weyd vn c xxxin 11 .
Item the thyrde belle weyd xui c and halff and xvi 11 .
Item payd to William Shymell for LIII U metall xxu s i d .
Item payd to the same Willm. ffor cc and halff and xxu 11
metall at v d the li vi u v s x d .
132 THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET.
Item payd to same Wiilm. for cc and one li of bell metall
IIII 11 XIII s IX d .
Item to John Poole ffor metalle vii 11 .
Item Hewe Whetcombe for xmi 11 metalle vs. md.
Item to Wyncaunton (i.e. Wincanton in Somerset) ffor LXIII li.
at ini d ob (i.e. 4jd.) the li xxvus vm.
Item John Poole for vi 11 bell metall us. vid.
Item payd ffor the bell brasses wch weyd XLI li at vid. the li
XX s VI d .
Item to John Kerner ffor a molde ud.
Item payd to ffoster flor tymber to make the bell stocks vis
viud.
Item for sawing of the same vid.
Item to ffoster ffor one c of iron xius. mid.
Item to Thomas Wynnyff ffor an obligatio ffor makyng of the
said belles xiid.
Item payd to ii men one to goo to Coker (Somerset) and
another to Chesylborne (Dorset) about the bells x d .
Item for ii rowkes ffor the wayghts xiid.
Item gyft to the bellfounders men and drynke ffor carriars off
the belles at Yatmyster (Yetminster) xiiud.
Item for caryying the weyghts vd.
Item ffor the cariars dyner at Shirburne ins. mid.
Item to Barny Leew for goyng to Coker vid.
Item payd ffor the vith belle claper yt waved LXXX xii li XLVIS.
Item to Apsey for hangyng the belles xius. ivd.
Item mi mens table v days aboute the same xis.
Item to Cobbe ffor workyng XL li iron at ud. the li vis. vmd.
Item for a buckle ffor the vith bell md.
Item to Robt Mullyns ffor makyng mi scor navies, mendyng
off a buckle and for booltes to the belles xiid.
Item payd to John Gullocke for mendyng the vth belle clipper
and to James Tymber ffor mendyng a brasse xid.
Item payd to John Gullocke ffor woorkyng vii scor v li yron
ud the li xxiius. ud.
Item ffor a roope ffor the vi th bell ms. mid.
THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET. 133
Item to Ric Damper ffor fetchyng and carryyng home a roope
to Sr John Horsey vmd.
Item payd ffor a buckle and bawdrick ffor the vith bell vis.
nid.
Item to Bailer ffor trussynge the in belles and to a man to
helpe hym xvind.
Item payd ffor a roope ffor the great belle ins. mid.
Item payd to Poole for the vth belle LXIII li.
Item payd to the same Poole ffor castyng the vith bell x li.
Item payd for takyng doune the bells and brckyng, mis. id.
Item payd ffor Roopes ffor the scales, vs. xd.
1558 Inprimis payd to ye Bellfounder for the iiii th Bell waying
.... at .... the hundred xxxvili. xivs. ivd.
Item payd to Apsey and his sons for hangynge uppe of the
sayd belle and for their meat and drynke for iii dayes and a
halfe, vms. vid.
Item payd to Roger Coker for Iren for the sd Belle vis. vmd.
Item payd to James Poncharde and Thomas Adamps to helpe
them in the same worke xvid.
Item payd to John Adamps for his expenses for bryngyn home
the sd Belle xvid.
Item Bullock for nayles nd.
There is a mysterious item in the account of 1553-4 as
under :
Item in full payment of a Belle solde XLli.
Why this bell was sold is a matter of doubt. It may have been
one of the Abbey bells (perhaps the only one in the Abbey tower
before the others were removed from All Hallows Church) which
had been sold cheap.
In 1567-8 there is a memo that the newe bell lacketh of his
former weight Lxvli of metall.
In 1574-5 a memo William Purdy (Purdue) bellfounder must
allow for cccxvmli of bell metall that lacketh in weight of new
bell.
In 1577-8 occurs :
The weyght of the belles as they were delivered to Purdewe.
134 THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET.
The ffouerth Bell ii AJ (tons) cxilil at x ^ xn p cwt = VAJ i c
The Lady Bell iii AJ xxili. J i* T xivli. (112 Ibs.)
The weyght of the belles receved ffrom Purdewe
The ffouerth Bell iiAJ cccxxxli.
The Lady Bell iiiAJ LXixli.
"V"V"
At xuli p cwt = VAJ me ill qr xvili (sic) it should be
i5lbs., and so received over 2 cwt. more metal than was
delivered. Besides these bells a panne bell (probably an hemis-
pherical bell) and a salve bell are mentioned, the ropes for which
cost is. each.
In 1653 Robert Austen and his sons were paid 55 95. 6d.
for casting bells and for metal for the Panne Bell.
A brasse put on the Great Bell in 1653 cost 2 75.
The Great Bell was recast by Thomas Purdy (Purdue) in 1670
at Closeworth as the account for that year says. The casting
alone cost 21.
The following from the account of 1570-1 illustrates the use
of the Great bell at funerals :
Item receyved of Jones Jones for the buryyng of Joan Barton
yn the Church and for rynging of the greate bell and her gifte
XX s .
Item receyved of Mr. Assheley for burying his sonne yn the
Churche and rynging the great bell x s .
Item receyved for the buryinge of Mr. Assheley in the
Churche and for rynging of the great Belle and his gifte xx s .
In 1715 if the great tolled at a funeral the charge was IDS.
>, 5th 6s. 8d.
;> 4-th ,, ,, ,, ,, 55.
> 3 r d ,, ,, ,, ,, 35. 4d.
2nd ,, ,, ,, 2S. 6d.
*st ,, ,, ,, ,, is.
The custom of ringing the curfew is still retained in Sher-
borne ; the third bell was formerly used for that purpose, but in
1885 it was found that the clapper was much worn, and since
that time the 4th bell has been used instead.
THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET. 135
The bells used formerly to be rung (and are still rung) on the
anniversary of the Coronation of the reigning Sovereign ; on
Nov. 5th : to celebrate great victories e.g., the Armada defeat,
Cape La Hogue, Blenheim, Ramilies, the defeat of Monmouth,
the arrival of the Prince of Orange in Sherborne, the acquittal of
the Seven Bishops, Peace of Ryswick, Peace of Utrecht, taking
of Mons, &c., also on March 25th, 1709, for the joyful and
never to be forgotten news of the happy deliverance of the brave
Dr. Sacheverell (a Dorset man).
The bells were rehung in 1885 by Messrs. Warner and Sons ;
the four largest bells are hung with Goslin's patent stocks and
hangings ; and the whole of the bells are mounted upon Goslin's
bearings. The frame stands entirely free from the tower, so
that there is ample space for passing round the frame and the
walls. After being rehung they were opened on December 9th,
1885, by the Society of College Youths.
From a Book of -Parish Accounts, 1720 to 1809.
" 1762-3. By cash paid Mr. Belby and Mr. Evans for new
hanging the six bells and for their keeping them in repair for
Two years being bound by Bond to perform the same ^50."
"By Do. paid for new hanging the Little Bell and the Fire
Bell 440"
The church clock, which until very lately stood in the tower
and worked the old chimes, was made at Berwick S. John by
Mr. William Monk in 1739, and cost 25. The weights were
suspended by ropes which he had to supply gratis, and he had
to pay also 2 us., the cost of the carriage of the clock to
Sherborne. W. B. Wildman.
THORNFORD.
Churchwardens Accounts.
1670-80. s. d.
spent with Thos. Purdy (Purdue) at Clos worth and at
Thornforde . . . . . . 28
136 THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET.
Paid John Eares (Eayres) for takeing downe of ye s. d.
Litell Bell . . . . . . . . i 6
for beere when ye bell was down . . . . 6
for hollinge of him awaye . . . . . . i 6
1680-1.
Spent on ye parish at ye takinge downe of ye bells for
our expenses for five dayes about ye bells . . 36
for our expences for five dayes about ye bells . . 96
paid y two writes (Wrights) of Yeatminster for ye Iron
worke . . . . . . . . 163
Spent upon Perdew (Purdue) and ye other wakemen at
ye hanginge of ye bells . . . . . . 20
Paid to John Eares and his sonnes for there worke . . i 8 o
for ye carredge of ye bells out and home again . . i o o
paid and secured to be paid to perdew (Purdue) for
castinge of ye bells and over metell and for castinge
of ye brasses .. .. .. ..2196
1683.
Laid out for a new bel wheal. . .. .. 15 o
paid ye. smith for Clams and nails and his laber . . 26
Laid out in beare at ye bargain making . . . . 6
Laid out for beare at ye setting of ye wheal . . 10
1687-8.
for ye Church bibells new forell and claspes . . 18 o
1688.
Paid for ye King's proclamacon and the book for
Thanksgiveing for ye young prince feigned . . 20
Gave in beer to the ringers att the freeing of the
Byshops . . . . . . . . 40
1690.
Gave the ringers for the victory in Ireland . . 6
1708-9.
pd for casting the Bell . . . . ..700
pd for 71 pounds of new mettle at is. 2d. p pd is .. 4 2 10
Paid for 5 dayes and half for a Carpenter to hang the
Bell at 2s. 6d. p day is .. .. .. 13 6
THE CHURCH BELLS OF DORSET. 137
pd John Moore for 4 dayes work and half about ye s. d.
same .. .. .. .. 53
Spent in expences at Closatt (Closworth) and at home
about ye bells . . . . . . . . 90
pd for for leather for the Clappers of the Bells . . 7
1712.
pd the smith for Rightinge the Eier gare (ironwork)
abt the tetle bell . . . . . . 9
There is not a clock in the tower at the present time, but in
the year 1671 one was set up by a Mr. Watts. This is also said
to have been placed in Bradford tower. About the end of last
October the old clock at Bradford was sold for old iron, so it
may have been the one originally in Thornford Church.
The Author of the monograph and the Compiler of the notes
on Dorset Bells desire to express their thanks for the great
assistance they have received from members of the Dorset Field
Club and others whose names are given beneath :
The Rev. C. W. Dicker for drawings from which the engrav-
ings were made.
The Revs. J. C. Mansel-Pleydell, R.D., A. A. Leonard, R.D.,
W. H. Clarke, J. Ridley, Messrs. W. W. Hughes-D'Aeth, S. M.
Dodington, R. Hine, A. J. Reeves, Lionel Harrison, and Lieut.
L. Barnes, R.E., for inspecting bells, taking inscriptions,
rubbings, and casts. Every tower in the county has been visited,
and their work has been thoroughly done.
Mr. T. J. Pope for copies of various important manuscripts.
Mr. B. F. Lock, Lincoln's-Inn, for the translation of a
document in abbreviated Norman-French.
Mr. G. T. Turner for collating manuscripts.
"glefurns of "gvatnfaCC, &c., in
in 1905.
By H. STILWELL.
JJIHE year 1905 has been deficient in Rainfall in
Dorset. The average annual fall is about
34 inches, but the mean derived from the
51 stations included in the following tables
amounted last year to only 26*939 inches,
showing a deficiency of rather over seven
inches.
It will also be seen from the tables here
given that up to the end of October the
deficiency had been proportionately larger, but
November gave a mean of 5"'2o8 for the month, and so helped
to adjust matters, although in December the amount again fell
off.
The months of March, August, and November only gave
rainfall in excess of the average, but the deficiency was consider-
able in January, February, May. July, and December.
The heaviest and most universal fall happened on 10 Novem-
ber, on which day upwards of one inch was registered by
23 different observers.
RAINFALL IN DORSET. 139
Upwards of one inch was recorded on eight different days
during the year. In 1904 this occurred on 23 days, showing
how infrequently heavy rain fell in 1905.
At Cattistock 3 3"' 19 was registered during the year, which is
the heaviest rainfall recorded. Portland, High Light House, has
the smallest record viz., 2r6o but Buckhorn Weston received
only 21-84.
The names of three new observers are added to the list this
year namely, Rev. J. C. M. Mansel-Pleydell, at Sturminster
Newton, Mr. L. G. Pike, Stoborough, Wareham, and Mr.
Scratton, at Melbury Bubb.
OBSERVERS' NOTES.
SH.ROTON HOUSE, BLANDFORD. rAugust was the -wettest
August, and December the dryest December for the last ten
years.
WINTERBOURNE HouGHTON. Rainfall under the average
considerably.
The lowest temperature, January 2, 22*o.
highest July 9, 8o'o.
During the summer months there was a remarkable absence of
thunder weather.
STURMINSTER MARSHALL. May 3 : Tremendous storm of
hail and rain between noon and i p.m., in which 0*52 fell.
August 13 : Heavy thunder. October 16-17: First sharp white
frost ; everything cut down. November 3 : Some thunder at
12.30 p.m.
BLOXWORTH RECTORY. The character of the past year has
been an almost total absence of thunderstorms, a portion of one
only (November 3) having passed directly overhead, though on
two other occasions there have been sounds of thunder at a
distance, Another feature has been the great coldness (not
frosty) and ungeniality, especially at night, resulting in a marked
absence of ripeness and flavour in all fruit, also the early date at
which vegetables, such as cucumbers, french beans, and marrows,
140 RAINFALL IN DORSET.
and flowers (as dahlias) were cut off by frost viz., October 16
whereas these on this spot usually escape until often well on in
November.
WORTH MATRAVERS. Highest temperature in screen, 73.
Lowest ,, ,, 24.
Highest ,, in open, 92.
Lowest ,, ,, 22'5.
Frost on forty nights during the year. Snow, very slight in every
case, fell January i, 15, and 16, February 19, November 18
and ig. June 5-6: Twenty-four hours continuous rain, 1*43.
October 30 : Thunder between 5 and 9 p.m., very slight, except
between 8.30 and 9. November 15 : Aurora borealis 7.45 to 8.45.
WESTHAM, WEYMOUTH.
Maximum temperature, 77-0, on July 21.
Minimum ,, 26-3, ,, November 21.
Mean temperature of the year, 51*0.
Bright sunshine ,, ,, i,7o6hrs. 52min.
Relative humidity ,, ,, 78 / .
Thunderstorms March 15 and November 2.
CHICKERELL. March 15 : Thunderstorm at about 2 a.m.,
violent hailstorms during the day, and thunderstorm 8 to 9 p.m.
Thunder heard March 28, June 15, August 29, and November 3.
UPWEY. February, May, July, and December were dry
months in a dry year, May being the dryest month since July,
1898. Rain never exceeded one inch on any day. Snow fell on
November 17 and sleet on November 18. December was
remarkable for the number of wet days (19) with such a small
rainfall (r88).
BsAMiNSTERj FLEET STREET. Mean maximum temperature
for the year, 56'! ; maximum temperature was 70 or above on
48 days, but did not once reach 80. The year's rainfall was
8 /f> 34 below the Beaminster average. The barometer reached
the remarkably high reading of 31*05 on January 29, and fell to
28-98 on March 15.
BEAMINSTER VICARAGE. Total rainfall, 30-12. The average
for previous 32 years (1873-1904 inclusive) = 38-21. Lower
RAINFALL IN DORSET. 141
rainfalls during those 32 years: 1887 = 28*26, 1892 28*52,
1898 = 29*48. Highest: 1882 = 47*02, 1891 =47*04.
BROADWINDSOR, BLACKDOWN HOUSE. Thunder heard
March 14 and 15, June 14, and November 12.
BROADWINDSOR VICARAGE. April 23: Severe hailstorm about
9 p.m. August 29: Thunderstorm 6.45 p.m. November 15:
Aurora borealis observed at 9 p.m., two scarlet clouds.
CHEDINGTON COURT. March 14 and 15 we had thunder,
lightning, and hailstorms. During the greater part of May the
wind was extremely cold and dry, and from 4 to 24 it blew from
N.W. without a change. This year's rainfall, 33*31, is below
the average, which for the last eight years is 36*61.
CHETNOLE. March was wetter and milder than usual ; May
unusually dry, with much sunshine and uncommonly cold nights,
ten frosts during the month and average night temperature only
just over 35. In October night temperature very low, frost on
fifteen nights, and very sharp from 14 to 26, when there was
nine to ten degrees of frost in the screen.
WINTERBOURNE STEEPLETON. A very dry year, the rainfall
being just over seven inches short of the average of the previous
twelve years. In that period only two years have had a smaller
rainfall viz., 1893 and 1898. The longest period of drought
was 14 days viz., September 14 to 27. In July out of the total,
'5> 0*38 fell on the ioth, thus leaving only 0*12 as the rainfall
of the other 30 days.
142
RAINFALL IN DORSET.
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RAINFALL IN DORSET.
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RAINFALL IN DORSET.
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Milton-on-Stour ..
Gillingham
Buckhorn Weston
Shaf tesbury
Sturnlinster Newton
,, The Vicarag
Shroton House . .
Winterbourne Houghtor
,, Whitchu
"S^Jd >>M^ .W * yjo
RAINFALL IN DORSET.
'45
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146
RAINFALL IN DORSET.
TABLE III. STATISTICS OF THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR
AND OF THE HUMIDITY AND AMOUNT OF CLOUD
AT WlNTERBOURNE STEEPLETON MANOR AT
9 A.M., KEPT BY MR. H. STILWELL.
Temperature of the Air.
In Stevenson's Screen.
On Grass.
s
>* II
1905.
Average of
Extremes.
1
II
I 03
3 S
To
1
'3
1
o
1
I
1
1
H
^
5
h-1
4
o
o
January
45-3
32-5
39-2
54-9
20-0
29-0
14 '6
87
6'8
February . .
47-6
36-6
42-1
55-1
27-2
33-9
21'2
87
6-5
March
50-8
37-8
44-1
60-5
24-3
34-9
20'0
87
7-0
April
52-2
39-6
45-6
58-3
29-5
369
25'2
85
9-2
May..
61-3
41-5
50-8
697
29-0
36-4
23-0
70
5-5
June
65-1
50-4
57-2
76-5
42-0
47-2
37-4
81
7-4
July . .
71-3
53-4
617
78-9
39'8
49 '6
341
75
7-0
August
66-0
50-9
58-0
74-2
40-7
46-9
357
78
7'5
September . .
62'4
47-5
54-6
72-0
35-6
44-2
32-2
83
6-4
October
53-8
36-9
45-1
62-5
22-2
33-2
17'0
84
6-0
November . .
48'4
32-2
40'8
54'3
18-3
29-8
14-6
90
6-3
December . .
46-2
35-8
41-2
53-5
24-0
33-6
19-5
93
7'6
Year..
55-9
41-3
48-4
78-9
18-3
38-0
14-6
83'3
6'9
an6
By W. H. HUDLESTON, M.A., F.R.S,, F.G,S.
!HE operations, extending over some years, which
have been undertaken for the purpose of
supplying the town of Wareham with water
cannot fail to draw the attention of Geologists
and others to the many interesting problems
which an intimate study of this remarkable
piece of ground presents. There is no
intention on this occasion of going seriously
into the economic aspect of the subject, but
there are certain points in connection with Worgret Hill which
may possibly interest some of the members of the Dorset Field
Club. These relate both to its superficial aspect and its internal
(i.e., geological) structure.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Worgret Hill and Dykes
Geological Position of Worgret Hill -
History of Operations for Water Supply -
Neglect of Opportunity ...
Worgret Well and Borehole with Table showing details
Geological Details of the Beds proved in the Well and Borehole
Eeport to the Town Council of Wareham -
Reflections on the Report
Structure of Worgret Hill
Concluding Remarks -
PAGE
149
151
153
155
156
159
164
166
169
172
FIG. i.
Plan of WORGRET HILL contoured.
Scale: 6 inches to one mile
Contour lines & bench marks in feet
IpT Tumulus I I Rnrjxhnt Sands
Bagshot Clay; x. on the outcrop; y. on the dip,
Boundaries not defined.
WORGRET HILL AND WAREHAM WATER SUPPLY. 149
WORGRET HlLL AND DYKES.
Worgret Hill (see Plan, Fig. i* and section, Fig. 2) is situated
about one mile to the west of the town of Wareham, and is
crossed by the high road from that town to Dorchester. To any
one coming from Wareham it presents the first sharp rise from
the low platform on which Wareham is built,f and the contour
map shows us that it consists of an elevated platform with steep
sides, sloping to the South and North rivers respectively. This
platform, which may be said to commence with the 90 feet and
100 feet contours, rises very slightly to the westward, always
capping the massif which separates the two valleys, the rivers
approaching within three-quarters mile along the line marked
A-B on the Plan, but afterwards diverging widely. The plat-
form, which is generally covered with a great spread of Plateau -
gravel, in its westward rise, reaches 131 feet at the top of
Binnegar Lane (i| miles approx.); thence to Hethfelton corner,
attains 162 feet (i miles); thence to the Cross Roads on Bere
Heath, attains 231 feet (if- miles). Thus in its westward
extension the platform, of which Worgret Hill presents the
easterly termination, may be said to gain 131 feet in 4-5 miles
= i in 1 8 1.
Throughout this long stretch of level upland there are
indications of an extensive dyke, known in some places, and
especially on Binnegar Plain, as " Battery Bank." We need not,
on the present occasion, follow this dyke in its westward
extension, but the complex series of earthworks in connection
with it, which are still partially preserved at Worgret, call for
some description ; also the many tumuli hereabouts are worthy
of notice.
* The Ordnance Gin. Map is contoured at 50 and 100 feet. The intermediate
contours on the Plan were fixed approximately by myself and Mr. Bloomfield
during the winter of 1905 -G.
t The cross roads in the centre of Wareham mark 21*1 feet above O.D.
150 WORGRET HILL AND WAREMAM WATER
Hutchins (3rd Edition, Vol. L, p. 108) observes "There are
several barrows in the neighbourhood of Worgret. One of large
size was destroyed some twenty-five years ago (dating from
1861), its materials being required to mend the adjoining road.
Between twenty and thirty urns were discovered, which, from
some specimens still preserved, appear to have belonged to the
earliest era of barrow burial. At the west end of the village, on
the brow of the hill, are rude ramparts of earthworks very
confused and ill-defined, which are probably the relics of a very
early Celtic location contemporaneous with the barrows above
mentioned."
Notes from Warne's "Ancient Dorset" (1872). Referring to
the defensive and military works of the Durotriges (p. 33) he
mentions an inherent defect, viz. : " their almost universal
deficiency in and want of water."
Elsewhere the same author, whilst combating the notion of
the existence of a Roman road out of Wareham, says that
" A careful examination of the neighbourhood fails to disclose
any such road, although there are traces of a British trackway
which, proceeding from this town, ultimately becomes lost or
confused with a dyke which in many places is to be seen as
a marked object, pursuing a very irregular course westward
through the district of Durngueis " (Saxon Thornsaeta). He was
then referring to " Certain ditches in Dorset called Belgic."
On the whole, neither of the above quoted authors gives us
much information as to the really remarkable series of earth-
works, whose position may be gathered from the Plan of Worgret
Hill (Fig. i). The principal earthwork hereabouts, which is
close to the mouth of the Well, is in the form of a cross, and it is
obviously a flanking termination to the long series of straight
dykes stretching away to the westward. Besides its object as
protecting the eastern flank of the general system, the north-
eastern limb of the cross in passing over four contour lines
connects the dry plateau above with the springs which ooze out
of the hill side at the junction of the Higher Sands (see Fig. 2)
with the Higher Clay. In this particular instance, then, the
WORGRET HILL AN + D WAREHAM WATER SUPPLY. 1 5 1
criticism of Warne, above quoted, does not apply, since the
system of earthworks seems to have secured for its occupants a
sufficient water supply. Moreover, there is a probability that by
means of this peculiar cruciform dyke communication was main-
tained with a dyke running at a much lower level through what
is now Wareham Common in the direction of this bend of the
North river. No one who stands on the eastern edge of the
Worgret platform, in view of the fine spread of country towards
the great estuary, can have any doubt as to the strategic impor-
tance of this commanding and peculiar position which must
have been recognised from the earliest ages. Whoever con-
structed this complex series of earthworks must have been alive
to the necessity of a flanking protection for the " Battery Bank"
system, and also to the importance of maintaining touch with
the lower country which the sudden drop in the height of the
platform seems to require. The numerous single tumuli further
attest the interest of the position. On the whole it is a matter
of surprise that the archaeologists have not investigated this place
with more attention to detail.*
GEOLOGICAL POSITION OF WORGRET HILL.
As regards its geological features, Worgret Hill may be said
to occupy a central position in the great trough or syncline of
Wareham, f being about equidistant from the outcrops on either
* The following note from Mr. J. A. Drew is dated June 22nd, 1906 : " I have
traced the ancient roadway or dyke, which appears to have commenced from the
direction of the N.W. corner of the Town Walls, and continues through the
Common and across the low ground north of Worgret Hill to the foot of the dyke
running north and south, which forms the western boundary of the Waterworks
site. Is it possible that the ancient earthworks which form the Walls of
Wareham belong to the same period as these dykes, which are so numerous in the
heath land around the town ? The formation of some of the dykes is similar to
the Walls, viz., a central mound with a vallum on either side, from which the
earth was taken to form the mound."
f For a diagrammatic sketch of the Trough of Wareham, see Proc. Dorset
Field Club, Vol. XXIII., p. 148.
I 52 WORGRET HILL AND WAREHAM WATER SUPPLY.
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WORGRET HILL AND WAREHAM WATER SUPPLY. I $3
side. Except for Plateau-gravel on the summit platform it
consists wholly of clays and sands of the Bagshot series, and it
is the alternation of these which constitute its water-bearing
capacities (see section, Fig. 2). These Bagshot Beds extend for
an unknown depth downwards, and quite possibly hereabouts
attain their maximum thickness so far as this part of Dorset is
concerned. I hope to take this subject into consideration
presently when we have considered briefly the history of the
well-sinking.
HISTORY OF OPERATIONS FOR WATER SUPPLY.
In the year 1898 a trial borehole was made at Worgret by
Messrs. Pike Bros., and in 1899 the sinking of the Well
commenced. Mr. Drew informs me that the Well was sunk
about twelve feet north of the borehole, and it was observed
that practically the same formations were passed through as
were found in the borehole with the exception of there being a
slight dip of the strata towards the north. It will be seen
subsequently that I consider the full dip to be somewhat east of
north. On the occasion of my first visit to the Well (November
1 8th, 1889) the sinking had been in progress for some time, and
the workmen were nearly fifty feet down in the wet sand which
contains the top water, from which it was thought at one time
that a supply might be taken. Later on (December i3th) I
received a letter from Mr. Drew with a sample of carbonised
wood found that morning at a depth of 82 feet from the surface.
The sinker picked out about half a bucketful whilst Mr. Drew
was in the Well. Stems, leaves, and fruits were also found
subsequently. The material here is a pale-coloured pipeclay,
said to be of inferior quality, and the vegetable remains on the
whole not unlike those from the clay workings at Norden and
elsewhere. The fruits are fairly similar to those so abundant in
the Bournemouth Beds, but on the whole more oval-elongate.
After getting through the Higher Clay an abundant supply of
154 WORGRET HILL ANt> WAREHAM WATER SUPPLY.
water was found in a coarse silicious sand with much " lydite,"
struck at about 108 feet from the surface, and this water rose to
a level of 91 feet from the surface in the Well. Borings were
subsequently continued about this period to a depth of 1 2 1 feet
from the surface.
In November, 1900, there was a fortnight's test-pumping,
when the flow was found to be 94 gallons per minute. In
August, 1901, the permanent pumps were fixed, and in November
of that year a further test-pumping yielded 56,000 gallons of
water in ten hours. There seems to have been some suspicion
as to the turbidity of the water, and Mr. Chatterton, the
engineer, then felt satisfied that if some turbidity still existed it
could be got rid of by deepening the Well.
In June, 1902, the depth of water in the Well was 8ft. loin.
Samples of the water were taken from the Well for analysis.
Mr. Drew supplies the following particulars as to the quality of
the water. According to the analysis of Dr. Comyns Leach, the
water (filtered from sediment, it is presumed), contains eight and
a-half grains of dissolved mineral matter per gallon. The
amount of chlorine found indicates that some of this must be
common salt. No lime is mentioned in this analysis, but there
is about half a grain of iron per gallon. On the whole the water
is so soft that it will have to be artificially hardened in order to
reduce its solvent action on lead pipes, &c. The amount of
organic matter is small, and there are no prejudicial nitrogen
compounds. Like most Bagshot waters a slight opalescence is
noticeable.
On the 4th February, 1903, an enquiry instituted by the Local
Government Board was held at Wareham, in the matter of the
application of the Town Council to borrow a certain amount for
the purposes of a water supply. This was sanctioned in
September, 1904, and the tender of Messrs. Docwra and Sons, to
carry out the works was accepted. These works consisted chiefly
in making a reservoir on the top of Worgret Hill, and in laying
the mains to and throughout the town of Wareham. During the
operations Messrs. Docwra used a considerable quantity of water
WORGRET HILL AND WAREHAM WATER SUPPLY. I 55
from the Well, and it was found to be still turbid with much fine
sand.
There was still some dissatisfaction at the turbidity of the
water, and in June, 1905, cavities in the sides of the Well had, to
be filled with gravel.* It was also decided to start a borehole from
the bottom of the Well in the hopes of finding a more satis-
factory supply of water. On October yth, Mr. Chatterton, the
engineer, wrote to the effect that the test pumping showed that
the boring yielded practically no further supply of water. At
that time the borehole had passed through the second great
Sand-series, and was already encountering some grey and
mottled clays, which he conceived might indicate the presence
of the Reading Beds, and that possibly the Chalk was not far off;
after going through this Clay-series for thirty or forty feet further,
he began to have his doubts as to the position, since there was
no change in the nature of the ground, the boring being still in
the grey clay. It was pointed out that the samples brought up
tallied with the regular pipeclay series of the Bagshots, and that
the Chalk was still far distant. The boring was carried through
these clays to a depth of 215 feet from the surface, and on the
3oth October operations were finally discontinued.
NEGLECT OF OPPORTUNITY.
It is almost a matter for regret that some public body did not
take this opportunity of ascertaining once for all the actual
thickness of the Tertiary Beds in the centre of the Trough of
Wareham. Nevertheless, we have gained some little geological
knowledge from the operations for obtaining water, and the
structure of Worgret Hill thus displayed may help to throw
* In June, 1905, the Well was thoroughly examined, small iron tubes were
inserted through the brickwork lining the Well, and fine cement was blown in to
fill up any space existing between the brick lining and the side of the Well. The
only cavity of any consequence was found at the back of the iron cylinders at the
bottom of the Well, and this was also filled with cement.
156 WORGRET HILL AND WAREHAM WATER StJPPLY.
some light on the development of the Bagshot Beds in East
Dorset.
In order to understand what follows it will be necessary to
give a detailed description of the beds which were passed
through in the combined sinking and boring operations under-
taken for the Water Supply.
WORGRET WELL AND BOREHOLE.
Details of beds from 101 feet above Ordnance Datum to 114
feet below Ordnance Datum. In this enumeration the Bagshot
Beds are divided into four groups, A-D, based on lithological
characters, as shown in the accompanying table.
See also Tabular Column (Fig. 4).
Details of Worgret Well and Borehole.
A. Higher Bagshot Sand Series.
B. Higher Bagshot Clay Series.
C. Second Bagshot Sand Series.
D. Pipeclay Series.
Pleistocene. Thickness. Depth.
Ft. In. Ft. In.
x. Plateau-gravel . . . . ..90 90
Bagshot Beds.
A. a. Fine dry sand, gradually getting coarser 28 6
b. Sandy loam . . . . ..60
c. Fine dry sandy loam, white in colour . . 50
d. Fine sand, waterlogged . . ..60
Total A. . . 40 o 49 o
WORGRET_HILL AND WAREHAM WATER SUPPLY. 157
(The Top Wafer.)
Ft. In. Ft. In.
B. Loamy clay, gradually becoming more
sandy towards the base. No divisions
were made in this series. Total B. . . 54 6 103 6
C. a. Streaky beds of sand and loam from
one to three inches thick . . 46
( T/i6 Second or Main Wafer. At
1 08 feet the water came in and
rose to 91 feet.)*
b. Coarse dark sand . . ..40
c. Coarse sand, getting finer below .. 9 o 121 o
(Termination of the original boring.)
d. Pyrites, sand, and wood . . . . i o
e. Alternations of grey sands and clay . . 80
f. Thick grey sand . . ..126
g. Alternations of grey sand with some
grey clay . . . . ..200
h. Very coarse dark grey sand . . 36
Total C. 62 6 1 66 o
D. a. Grey pipeclay, said to contain leaves in
places. The specimens submitted
were mixed . . . . 10
* According to a letter received from Mr. Drew on the 9th May, 1906, the
following points may be noted. The engineer's plan shows the bottom of the
well to be 100 feet from the surface, and the mean depth of the water is 9 feet,
the level of the water being about 91 feet from the surface. The water was
tapped in the well when a depth of 91 feet was reached, probably because at
this spot the loamy clay was streaked with sand; whilst 12 feet away, in the
trial borehole, the water was not tapped until a depth of 103 feet was reached,
the clay here being more solid and homogeneous.
158 WORGRET HILL AND WAREHAM WATER SUPPLY.
Thickness. Depth.
b. Stiff yellowish clay, compact, and rather Ft. In.' Ft. In.
heavy, also mixed . . ..96
c. Mixed bluish grey and yellow clays,
rather gritty. The specimen sub-
mitted was merely a hand-rolled ball 4 . o
d. Reddish ochry clay, staining the fingers
like raddle . . . . . . i o
e. Additional boring not detailed. Ter-
minates in grey pipeclay . . 24 o
Total D. (proved) .. 49 o 215 o
In explanation of the above table, it may be stated there is no
longer any idea of making use of the top water,* and that all
the calculations as to supply refer to the second or main water.
This is considered to be sufficient in amount for all the require-
ments of Wareham, but unfortunately it takes so long to clear
from fine sand as to be detrimental to the pumps. It is worthy
of note that the normal water level in the Well stands at a height
of 91 feet from the surface. Pumping may lower the water level
in the Well to 97 feet below the surface, but no amount of
pumping can reduce the water level below this point. Hence,
Mr. Drew infers that there is a leakage in the upper six feet of
water, but that below this horizon there is no lateral escape. In
connection with this subject it may be useful to remember that
the whcle of the 62 feet 6 inches of the Second Sand-series
(C. of the column) is saturated, and these saturated beds rest
* With reference to this subject, Mr. J. A. Drew writes as follows : In 1899,
the upper water was allowed to run by an overflow pipe through the side of the
well and fall to the bottom water ; it was frequently measured in July and August
of that year by timing how long it occupied to fill a 50 gallon bucket, and the
minimum flow was found to be 12 gallons per minute or 17,280 gallons per 24
hours. This water was allowed to run to waste many months without exhausting
the supply. The pump in the well is arranged so that this supply can at any time
be utilised.
WORGRET HILL AND WAREHAM WATER SUPLLY. 159
on the second Clay or Pipe-clay-series of the Bagshots (D of the
column) at 166 feet below the surface * The second water was
first tapped in a water-logged sand at a depth of 108 feet from
the surface, and there is this anomaly in the situation, viz., that
this water is much closer to the Clay-series (B) which holds
down the water, than it is to the Clay-series (D) which holds it
up. These points will be further considered in connection with
the section (Fig. 2) through Worgret Hill, A-B of the plan
(Fig. i). It may be that the proximity of a roof of clayey beds
to the stratum from which the water is actually drawn, has a
tendency to increase the amount of fine sediment which hitherto
has proved to be so prejudicial to this water.
GEOLOGICAL DETAILS OF THE BEDS PROVED IN THE
WELL AND BOREHOLE.
The Plateau- gravel (x. of the column). This is generally
regarded as a Pleistocene formation, but is certainly one of high
antiquity, since it apparently antedates the formation of both the
valleys, viz., those of the Frome and Pydel, which flank the
block of Bagshots on which it rests. f It is of some importance
economically since the best road metal of the district is obtained
from these beds. Worgret is the eastern termination of a
continuous strip of this Plateau-gravel, which, as previously
mentioned, extends westwards to the neighbourhood of Gal-
low's Hill. The thickness of 9 feet recorded at Worgret is
a fair average one, though another spread of it on the south
side of the Frome attains a thickness of 18 feet on Ower
Heath.
* The late Mr. L. "W. Pike informed Mr. Drew that throughout the area of
Furzebrook and Grange, where his operations for clay where carried on, he
invariably encountered at the same level a body of water which he believed to be
identical with that found in the well at Worgret.
f See Proc. Dorset Field Club, Vol. XXIII., pp. 149, 150, article
" Creechbarrow."
1 60 WORGRET HILL AND WAREHAM WATER SUPPLY.
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WORGRET HILL AND WAREHAM WATER SUPPLY. l6l
A very interesting and instructive section of these beds was
disclosed in January, 1905, during the excavation for the
reservoir on the summit of Worgret Hill. The excavation was
more or less a true square, and I selected the eastern side as a
type of the whole (see Fig. 3, based on a photograph taken by
Mr. Churchill). The face of gravel here is remarkably vertical,
and the gravel holds together so well as to cause surprise to
some of the workmen. The peculiar interest of the section at
the reservoir arises from the discharged colour noticeable in the
upper part of the Plateau-gravel owing to the action of peaty
acids having dissolved out or reduced the colouring matter,
chiefly iron and manganese oxides. This no doubt may be seen
to a certain extent in most gravel pits ; but here a further feature
has been produced, viz., the irregular piping of the yellow
unreduced gravels by percolation from above. The details of
the case are explained in the legend attached to Fig. 3. There
is a quarry at the extreme eastern end of Worgret Hill where the
same peculiarity is noticeable. As this represents the end of the
spread of Plateau-gravel, it may be that lack of lateral support
has produced the tendency to piping.
Particulars of the Bagshot Beds.
The Higher Sand-series (A).' The general character of these
beds on the surface is that of the ordinary pale yellow Bagshot
Sands of the district. The water-logged sands at the base
(A. d of the column) described as fine in the section, are
certainly coarse, where they are seen to come out on the dip
slope, and contain much water (the top water).
The Higher Clay -series (^B). Some of the features of this
group have already been described under the " history of
operations." The fruits and plant remains are approximately
on the same horizon as those from Norden and Bournemouth.
The Second Sand-series (C). The most interesting bed in
this series is the one indicated in the table as C. b which contains
such a large quantity of water. This is composed of angular
FIG. 4.
TABULAR COLUMN OF WORGRET WELL AND BOREHOLE
ATTACHED TO THE REPORT.
Surface 101 ft. above O.D
B
D
{ Plateau Gravel
9'
c\ f
1 Higher Bagshot
Sand Series
first water
40'
9
Af\'
1 Higher Bagshot
546"
49
to or
t
second water
Second Bagshot
Sand Series
1
62'6"
103
Pipe Clay Series
49'
prouea
Remainder of the
Bagshot Beds
unproved
Lower Tertiaries
i. e.
London Clay
and
Reading Beds
proved
unproved
Scale of Feet
say
85'
say,
100
300
400'
O 20 40 60 80 100
WORGRET HILL AND WAREHAM WATER SUPPLY. 163
grains of a highly crystalline quartz : the larger fragments are
dull or fatty and range up to in. There is also a considerable
amount of dark coloured siliceous fragments, such as go under
the general term of " lydite." The remaining beds of the
Second Sand-series call for no special remark, being in general
character typical representatives of the Bagshot Sands of the
district. These are the beds which outcrop on the south-west
slope of Worgret Hill (see Fig. 5), but any attempt to correlate
them with their equivalents in the borehole section would not be
likely to meet with much success. They are stated to be wet
sands throughout the borehole, but do not appear to have yielded
any notable amount of additional water to the supply.
The Pipe-clay Series (D. of the general section). As this
group is only known from boring, the arrangement of the
details is somewhat arbitrary since the several clays were much
mixed. There can, however, be little doubt that series D
represents the Pipeclay Beds of the northern and southern out-
crops, though inferior to the clays of the southern outcrop in
quality. Much the same varieties of clay as we find in the
Creech district came up from the borehole, and there was no
difficulty in recognising the greyish-white pipeclays alternating
with the inferior or variegated varieties known in the workings
as " two-ball" clay. There are, however, some differences, and
on the whole the samples of these clays do not seem to have
attracted the notice of the clay-merchants. The last 24 feet of
the borehole were gone through rather quickly, and no
particulars are given beyond the fact that the borehole terminated
in grey pipeclay at a depth of 215 feet from the surface, or 114
feet below O. D.
At this juncture of affairs the Wareham Town Council
requested me to draw up a report (October-November, 1905) on
the geological position as revealed by the boring rod, and on the
possibility of a further supply of water either from the Tertiary
Beds or from the Chalk. At the risk of some slight repetition I
reproduce this report with the accompanying tabular column
(Fig- 4).
I 64 WORGRET HILL AND WAREHAM WATER SUPPLY.
REPORT TO THE TOWN COUNCIL OF WAREHAM.
" The position of Worgret Hill is towards the centre of the
syncline or trough of Wareham, so it is probable that the
Bagshot Beds may attain considerable thickness at this spot.
The mouth of the Well is situated almost on the 100 feet
contour, and the sea-level line would thus lie towards the base
of the Higher Bagshot Clay series (B. of the tabular column).
" The actual surface is formed by Q feet of Plateau-gravel, a
Pleistocene formation which occupies much of the elevated flat
between the North and South Rivers, and which has its easterly
termination at Worgret. This Plateau-gravel rests upon the
Higher Bagshot Sand series (A. of the tabular column) at the
Well, but a few hundred yards towards the S.W. it is seen resting
on the Higher Bagshot Clay series (B. of the tabular column).
From this circumstance it may be inferred that there is a
considerable dip of the Bagshot Beds in a north-easterly
direction probably about three degrees. Hence the natural
discharge of water from this Higher Bagshot Sand series is
towards the North river, and in this direction springs are thrown
out where series A (sands) rests upon series B. (clays). (See
Fig. 2 for confirmation.) This also represents the uppermost
water-line of the well section about 50 feet below the mouth.
The outcrop of this Higher Bagshot Sand series is so limited
that there could only be a moderate supply.
"The Second Bagshot Sand Series (C. of the tabular column)
represents the chief water-bearing strata, and the upper part of
this series is pretty tightly packed by more than 50 feet of the
overlying Bagshot Clay (B.). Assuming the same dip of
3 towards the north-east to prevail, this sandy series should
hold a large supply of water from the region lying to the south-
west. It is from the upper part of this series that the actual
supply of water in the Well is obtained. There appears to be no
apprehension as regards the quantity of water. Yet no amount
of rest from pumping seems to have much effect in causing a
diminution of the fine sediment. I can onlv sav that further
WORGRET HILL AND WAREHAM WATER SUPPLY. 165
boring in the Bagshot Series is not likely to improve matters,
and a similar difficulty would most propably arise if a lower
water-bearing stratum in the Bagshots was tapped. To purify
the existing supply of water is an engineering, rather than a
geological, question.
" When we come to speculate on what lies below the termina-
tion of the borehole (215 feet from the surface), it is almost
impossible to predict what may be the thickness of the
remainder of the Bagshot Beds. Below the pipeclay series it is
almost certain that another sandy series would be encountered
as constituting the base of the formation, and there may be
bands of iron grit such as occur on this horizon at many places
in the Isle of Purbeck. None of the Government geologists, so
far as I know, give us any assistance in estimating the thickness
of the Bagshot Beds at their full development in Dorset.
" The Lower Tertiaries. We may naturally conclude that
both the London Clay and the Reading Beds will have to be
encountered ere the Chalk can be reached. Very little is known
about these beds, which are best studied, perhaps, on their
outcrop in the Wool district. In a borehole section it may not
be very easy to distinguish between Bagshots and London Clay,
as the latter formation in this country consists largely of sand.
Probably the most distinguishing feature of the London Clay is
the amount of black flint pebbles which it contains, and which
are sometimes cemented by iron-oxide into a most intractable
conglomerate. The Reading Beds are also mainly sandy, but
side by side with these sands are developments of mottled clays
largely used for brick-making. A total thickness of 100 feet for
the London Clay and Reading Beds is, perhaps, fairly approxi-
mate. It is quite possible that some of these Lower Tertiaries
may contain good water-bearing beds."
" On the possibility of obtaining water from the Chalk. There
would probably be no intention on the part of the Borough of
Wareham to sink a well to the Chalk under any circumstances.
But if an artesian supply of water could be obtained it might
prove an advantage. Certainly the shape of the trough of
1 66 WORGRET HILL AND WAREHAM WATER SUPPLY.
Wareham is rather in favour of such a possibility. It might not
be safe to predict that there would be an artesian supply, though
one might expect the upper part of the Chalk to be water-
bearing. Still, the experience of the Spyway boring, in a
plantation near Moreton, is by no means re-assuring. At this
place the Lower Tertiaries were found to be at least 90 feet thick
(sand and clay), and a further boring of 112 feet was made into
the Chalk without finding water. I scarcely apprehend that such
would be the case at Worgret ; yet the conditions are so
uncertain that no great hopes can be based on obtaining a supply
from this quarter."
" Conclusion. Bearing in mind the above considerations,
there seems but slight justification for the Council to continue
boring operations with a view to obtaining a better supply of
water. By far the best plan, it appears to me, would be to
attempt to improve the quality of the water in the existing well.
Although it seems scarcely justifiable to employ the ratepayers'
money in further boring operations, yet it is a matter of
considerable interest to obtain a complete section of the
Tertiary Beds in the centre of the trough of Wareham. Both
on scientific and on economic grounds this is highly desirable.
Moreover, since tackle is now on the spot, no better opportunity
could be afforded for solving the problem of the Tertiaries in
this part of Dorset, and testing at the same time the possibility
of an artesian supply of water from the Chalk within the region
included in the central portion of the trough of Wareham ;
the necessary funds might possibly be collected by sub-
scription."
REFLECTIONS ON THE REPORT.
The main interest, from a geological point of view, consists in
the estimated thickness of the unproved Tertiary Beds down to
the Chalk. As regards the Bagshot portion of this unknown
quantity, I may refer to two short memoirs by the Government
Surveyor, Mr. Clement Reid, F.R.S., "Geology of the country
round Bournemouth" (1898), and "Geology of the country
WORGRET HILL AND WAREHAM WATER SUPPLY. 167
round Dorchester" (1899). In the former memoir the author
(page 3) speaks of several hundred feet of sands, interbedded
with numerous lenticular masses of carbonaceous loam or clay
containing fossil leaves, as resting on the London Clay. These
are the Bagshot Beds, the strata being mainly of fluviatile origin.
It is evident from the position assigned to the principal pipeclay
beds round Poole Harbour, viz., about 200 feet above the London
Clay, that they hardly occupy the same position in the Bagshot
system as the great series of claypits between Creech Grange
and Corfe Castle.
In the " Geology of the country round Dorchester " the same
author remarks (p. 25), that "At the eastern margin of the area
described in this memoir, the Bagshot Sands are of the same
type as those round Poole and Bournemouth." That is to say
that the Bagshot Beds are mainly constituted of sands mixed
with lenticular clay bodies. As regards the total thickness of
the Bagshot system in the Wareham district we have no direct
information from Mr. Reid, but the following passage (p. 25)
may possibly throw some light on the as yet unproved strata
below the termination of the Worgret borehole. " Close to
Organ Ford, and for nearly a mile to the westward, white pipe-
clay mixed with carbonaceous clay can be seen in the road south
of the stream. This bed is apparently equivalent to the stratum
that is worked at its southern outcrop round Creech, though at
its northern outcrop it does not appear to be more than 50 feet
above the London clay." The statement is important as showing
that in the neighbourhood of Organ Ford, rather more than
three miles due north of Wareham, the Pipeclay series, towards
its northern outcrop, is quite low down in the Bagshot system.
Now, when we come to consider the bearing of these facts on
the hypothetical estimate of 85 feet for the " Remainder of the
Bagshot Beds unproved," as given for series E. in the Tabular
Column (Fig. 4) attached to the Report, it seems to encourage
the belief that, when the boring rod reached 215 feet from the
surface of the Worgret Hill plateau, 85 to 100 feet would be a
fairly liberal estimate of the thickness of the remainder of the
1 68 WORGRET HILL AND WAREHAM WATER SUPPLY.
Bagshots. The chief element of uncertainty lies in the fact
that the pipeclay series was not gone through, but we may
assume almost with certainty that a third Bagshot Sand-series,
with a development of 60 or 70 feet, would still t^e to be
encountered ere the Lower Tertiaries were reached.
When the next engineer tries to bore through the beds
comprising the Wareham syncline he must not forget that, after
penetrating the Bagshots, he still has to deal with the Lower
Tertiaries, i.e., the London Clay and Reading Beds. Thus a
fairly correct estimate of their combined thickness becomes a
matter of importance to the general problem. On reference to
the Tabular Column (Fig. 4) it will be seen that a development
of 100 feet was hypothetically assigned to these beds. The
London Clay of Dorset, like that of the Thames basin, where it
is so much more important a formation, is believed to be of
marine origin, whilst the Reading Beds are regarded as
fluviatile. From a palaeontological point of view both are
extremely unsatisfactory, and if the London Clay of Dorset
really is a marine formation, the total absence of fossils has
received no explanation. To judge the thickness of these beds
at Worgret with accuracy is no easy task. In Studland Bay the
Reading Beds are estimated by Mr. Strahan (Geology of
Purbeck, etc., pp. 170 and 191), at from 50 to 60 feet, and the
London Clay, he considers from its outcrop, to have a thickness
of about 80 to 100 feet. The minimum thickness of the Lower
Tertiaries at Studland, therefore, would be 130 feet, and the
maximum 160 feet, mean 145 feet. Studland Bay is, of course,
a considerable distance from Worgret, and there might be some
diminution of volume. In the Spyway boring near Moreton, as
we have seen, a borehole started in the London Clay passed
through 90 feet of beds before reaching the Chalk. This gives
us a minimum of 90 feet for the Lower Tertiaries without
including any part of the London Clay which may be above the
mouth of the borehole at Spyway. It would probably be safe to
add some 20 or 30 feet to my original estimate of the Lower
Tertiaries as given in the tabular column of the report. Hence,
orehole
Plateau
Gravel
o
1*8
WORGRET HILL ANt> WAREHAM WATER SUPPLY. 169
reviewing all the facts of the case, one might say that in a
borehole starting from the Worgret plateau the Chalk should
be reached at a depth of from 400 to 450 feet from the surface.
STRUCTURE OF WORGRET HILL.
Having dealt with the history of the Well and the questions
more directly arising in connection with it, there yet remain a
few points of interest as regards the structure of Worgret Hill
and the possibility of correlating the beds of the well and
borehole section with their equivalents on the outcrop. Those
who know the Bagshot Beds will agree that this is by no means
an easy task, and the results are not altogether satisfactory. In
this connection the reader should consult the plan and section
of Worgret Hill (Figs, i and 2), and particularly the folding
plate (Fig. 5), where the well and borehole section is contrasted
with the outcrops at several points on the south-west slope of the
hill itself.
Towards the end of October, 1905, in conjunction with
Mr. Bloomfield, I spent some time in making a traverse from
the "Gravel Pit" (see Plan, Fig. i), to the well-mouth, the
direction being from S.W. to N.E. This traverse is on the
plateau slightly above the 100 feet contour, and crosses the
Heath road, the distance being about 700 feet. There is a faint
cart track leading from the Dorchester high road to that pit.
To my surprise, I found the Plateau-gravel here mixed with
masses of Bagshot Clays, and we proved on the spot that the
gravel rests here on an outcrop of Bagshot Clay of the " blood-
shot" or variegated character. From this gravel pit to a point
on the Heath road where the south-west arm of the earthworks
terminates is about 300 feet, the area being flat or slightly rising
towards the N.E. The whole of this space is seamed with old
workings in Plateau-gravel resting on clay, and it is clear that
there is an important outcrop of clay hereabouts, thus occupying
the summit of the plateau for a space. The outcrop of this clay
on the above traverse lies mainly just above the ico feet contour,
170 WORGRET HILL AND WAREHAM WATER SUPPLY.
whilst about 1,000 yards away, in a north-westerly direction,
presumably the same clay was at one time worked on the
Binnegar Estate between the 100 feet and 50 feet contours.
On the Plan of Worgret Hill (Fig. i) this spread of clay is
roughly indicated in an elongated patch, which terminates on
the western edge of the Plan close to the old brickfield. It is
not claimed that the position is laid down accurately throughout,
nor is it possible to define the boundaries of the outcrop.
On crossing the Heath-road to the north side, the indications
change at once, and there is every appearance that the Plateau-
gravel rests upon sand, as is the case at the Waterworks. Thus
in this traverse the line of the road approximately marks the top
of the clay series. From here to the well-mouth is a distance
of about 700 feet, and this traverse may fairly -represent the
outcrop of the Higher Sand (A. of the column). There is an
excavation very near the centre of the cross in the main earth-
work, but inclining somewhat towards the north-west arm, where
the Plateau-gravel is seen to rest on sand, and it is noteworthy
that the inclusions in the gravel are of a sandy nature, whereas,
as we have seen, at the old gravel pit they are of a clayey nature.
On referring to the details of the Worgret well and borehole,
it will be seen that the upper surface of the clay series (B.) is
about 50 feet below the mouth of the well, whereas on the Heath
road it may be said to outcrop. The distance between these
points, which are approximately on the same level, being
700 feet, there is a fall of i in 14 exactly north-east. This
is equal to 4, but, allowing for the roughness of the calculation,
we may put the dip at 3 S.W.-N.E. On the whole, I conclude
that the maximum dip is in this direction, and the dip is
probably rather less in a direction parallel to the line A-B.
(See note as to calculation of dip on the folding plate (Fig. 5).
In Fig. 2, which shows the general structure of Worgret Hill in
cross section, the amount of dip is given at 3, though possibly
rather less along that line. Here the spread of the Clay series
on the dip makes itself manifest in the amount of water which
oozes out at the line of junction with the Higher Sand. The
WORGRET HILL AND WAREHAM WATER SUPPLY. 1)1
clay marked^ on the Plan (Fig. i) can only be located hypo-
thetically, but there is no doubt it is the same clay series as that
in the Well, and also on the outcrop along the Heath road.
Inferentially, the intermediate region is occupied by the Higher
Sand (A.), but the tract known as Worgret Heath affords little or
no opportunity for accurate investigation.
One of the puzzling features of what I may term the Worgret
problem lies in the fact that the Higher Clay series (B.) seems
suddenly to diminish on the outcrop a little to the eastward of
the line A-B. The whole of the eastern end of Worgret Hill is
a sandy region, due to the extensive development and outcrop of
the Higher Sand (A.). When we begin to feel for the under-
lying Clay-series (B.) on the south-west slope of Worgret Hill
(see Fig. 5), the only indication of the great Clay-series of the
Well appears at the top of borehole No. 2, where two character-
istic Bagshot Clays, each about 4 feet thick, enclose about
9 feet of variable sands, mostly coarse, the whole series
measuring 17 ft. 3111.
This is all we can find in this direction to represent the 54 feet
of the Clay-series in the Well. The sands enclosed between these
two clays are wet and there are indications of moisture such as
the growth of rushes close to the mouth of the second borehole,
about the 70 feet contour. If we accept this group of beds, with
a thickness of lyft. 3in., as the representative of the Higher Clay,
its base is 54 feet above O.D., whilst the base in the well section
of the Clay-series is 2ft. bins, below O.D., the horizontal distance
being 1,450 feet. These figures show an approximate dip of zj
degrees towards the N.N.E. It is significant that the sands
between the two clays in No. 2 Borehole are wet, and it is
thought by some that this moisture may indicate the source of
the very copious water supply which was first struck at 108 feet
from the surface in the well section.
Apart from considerations as to such a limited source for so
large a supply, it seems probable that the water-line of the Frome
valley, acting on the permeable beds of the Second Sand-series
(C. of the Tabular column), produces saturation especially in the
172 WORGRET HILL AND WAREHAM WATER SUPPLY.
upper beds of C. We have seen that when the overlying Clay
series was perforated, the water in the upper part of the Second
Sand-series was forced upwards to 91 feet from the surface, which
is about the level of the water-line of the valleys of the Frome
and Pydel, along the line A-B of the plan (Fig. i). Since the
dip is north-easterly it would seem probable that the supply in
the main comes from the direction of the water-logged beds of
the Frome valley, and to a very small extent perhaps from the
leakage of the river itself. The almost total absence of carbonate
of lime in the well-water is proof that the river itself contributes
but little to the supply. The principal outcrops of the Bagshot
Beds on the south-west slope of Worgret Hill seem to belong to
the Second Sand-series, and if this is the case throughout the
slope the north-easterly dip must diminish very considerably as
the main valley is approached. These beds are also protected
to a certain extent, as shown in Boreholes 3, 4, and 5, by a
considerable amount of superficial deposits, which attain an
unknown thickness along the 50 feet contour. Otherwise, they
are favourably situated for absorbing their share of the total
rainfall, and the water so collected must move in a north-easterly
direction so long as the beds continue to dip to any appreciable
extent.
CONCLUDING REMARKS.
Referring once more to the amount and direction of dip on
the south-west slope of Worgret Hill, one would expect to have
come across the outcrop of the Lower Clay or Pipeclay-series
(D) before reaching the flats of the Frome Valley. This, how-
e^'er, does not seem to be the case, unless the 7 ft. 6ins. of
" Clayey fine sand " in No. 5 Borehole, may be taken as a
partial indication of the Pipeclay-series. This particular bed is
well exposed in an adjacent roadway, and weathers very like a
pipeclay. But then it is by no means unusual to find a few feet
of such pale clays amongst the more sandy Bagshots, and in
differentiating these beds it is not always easy to say which is a
sand and which is a clay. Hence for all practical purposes we
WORGRET HILL AND WAREHAM WATER SUPPLY. 173
must regard the Bagshot outcrops on the south-west slope of
Worgret Hill as, in the main, representing the Second or Lower
Sand (C), which measures 62 ft. 6in. in the well and borehole
section. Decidedly it appears to be much thicker on the
outcrop than in the well and borehole section, whilst on the
other hand the Higher Bagshot Clay- series (B) is, on this outcrop,
less than a third of its thickness in the well-section. All this
looks as though the sands were thickening at the expense of the
clays in this direction, and thus the Higher Clay-series (B) may
be a more or less lenticular body thinning out in a south-easterly
direction. The only other place where I have noted a clay out-
crop hereabouts is in the railway-cutting on the south side of
Worgret Bridge (see Plan, Fig. i). This seems to be an
attenuated representative of the Higher Clay-series in an easterly
direction, and may possibly hold up water towards the base of
the Higher Sands (A) if people at the top of the hill would only
sink deep enough. There can be very little doubt, however,
that, when the Worgret railway-cutting was made, the supply of
water from the Higher Sands in the immediate locality was
seriously impaired ; the drying up of the old wells at Worgret
Farm was a proof of this.
When we try to interpret the results attained at Worgret Hill
by means of the numerous boreholes, great and small, it is
more than ever a matter of regret that the principal borehole was
not completed to the Chalk. We should then have been in
possession of a most excellent basis for comparison, and might
have been able more effectually to correlate the strata in the
central section with the outcrops towards the south-west. The
distance from this hill to the nearest Chalk outcrop in the Wool
district is about 3^ miles. Whilst allowing for rolls in the strata,
the general inclination between the two points is probably a
little east of north-east, as the result of the northerly dip due to
the syncline in conjunction with the prevailing easterly dip of
the basin of East Stoke.
Omitting the Lower Tertiaries and confining ourselves to the
Bagshots in this traverse, we find (i) a thick sandy series well
174 WORGRET HILL AND WAREHAM WATER SUPPLY.
developed on Highwood Heath and the Luckford Valley. To
this succeeds (2) a very strong and well-marked clay series,
which varies to a certain extent and produces the phenomena
known as "clay knaps" in Dorset. At West Holme this clay
series is well developed, and there is every reason to suppose
that its upper surface was eroded before the overlying sandy
series was deposited.
The following may be taken as the general section of this clay
series as proved on the north side of the hill at West Holme :
Ft. In.
Bed of greyish white pipeclay (sometimes
missing) . . . . 3 o
Strong variegated clays with blood-red specks
and blotches on a whitish ground . . 6 o
White clay . . . . 2 o
Passing downwards into stiff yellow clay 3 o
Yellowish waxy clay with a ferruginous line
towards the top . . . . 3 o
Horizon of the main ironstone, often of a
blood-red colour and associated with
variegated clay . . . . . . 2 o
Clay rather iron-stained towards the upper
part . . . . . . ..40
Grey clayey sand without concretions 3 o
Band of flaggy ochreous ironstone o 4
Total .26 4.
The above sequence of beds rests conformably on sands which
are believed to belong to No. i, and the clays are capped
unconformably by another sandy series (No. 3), which consti-
tutes the summit of West Holme Mount, under protection of an
irregular spread of gravel. This third series dips away towards
the north-east, but is lost to sight in the valley flats of the
Frome.
WORGRET HILL AND WAREHAM WATER SUPPLY. 175
If we are disposed to make an attempt at correlation, we
might say that No. i, or the High wood Sands, corresponds in
part to E. of the tabular column. No. 2, or the West Holme
Clay series, may then correspond to the Pipeclay series, D. of
the tabular column ; and possibly in the sandy series of West
Holme (No. 3) we may see the base of the Second Bagshot Sand
series, C. of the tabular column. There are very few people
who would so far trust the Bagshots as to believe that in so
variable a series any correlation of beds was possible. The
general idea is lenticular masses of clays in the midst of sands,
and this no doubt is true to a certain extent. Nevertheless,
since the Pipeclay beds have in some places proved of so much
value in times past there seems to be an economic, as well as a
scientific, interest in making such determinations as are possible
with the means at our disposal.
I cannot conclude this communication without expressing my
obligations to Mr. J. A. Drew, of Wareham, and Mr. A. H.
Bloomfield, of West Holme, for material assistance and much
valuable information. The following is Mr. Drew's latest con-
tribution to the subject :
" Eecent pumping has raised a copious supply of clear water fit for public
use. The engineer has instructed the Town Council to engage a man to take
charge of the works, the reservoirs have been filled, and it is expected that the
town supply will be shortly turned on.
One theory of the cause which has produced this satisfactory result, is that an
accumulation of fine sand in the bottom of the Well was drawn down into the
borehole when the pipes were taken out, and the Well being thus cleansed and
deepened slightly, has since yielded a clear supply. I hope this may prove a
permanent remedy."
Postscript, ^th September, 1906.
It is gratifying to learn from Mr. Geo. Clavell Filliter, Town
Clerk of Wareham, that the water supply from Worgret had been
turned on about a fortnight, and so far seemed satisfactory.
The water is clear and soft, and apparently there is plenty of
it, and this seems to be the general opinion.
or
By G. E. J, CRALLAN, M.B.
(Bead Feb. 22nd, 1906.)
S a contribution to the Proceedings I venture to offer
an account of the life history of " Ophiodes or
Pseudophia Lunaris," a rare moth. I know of
no life history of this moth : Barrett gives merely
the full-grown larva, copied from another work
(Kirby).
It is the only species of the Genus Ophiodes
that has been taken in Great Britain. It owes
its generic name to the remarkable resemblance of the young
larva in appearance and attitude to a small snake. The specific
name is derived from the semi-lunar marks on the sixth segment
of the larva.
The moth is said to be plentiful in Spain in the cork woods,
and in dry oak woods in Austria, South Europe, and North
Africa. It is said to be very difficult to see when at rest among
dead leaves, but is readily disturbed in the day time. It will
come to sugar and light.
The first British specimen was taken by Captain Chawner in
1832 in Hampshire. Others have been taken since, one at the
OPHIODES OR PSEUDOPHIA LUNARIS. 177
lighthouse at Lowestoft ; two at West Wickham Wood ; one at
Abbotts Wood, Brighton, Stratton Strawless, and Perth ; while
two were taken at Killarney by the late Peter Bouchard ;
the most recent one, in Cheshire, at Delamere on June ist,
1901.
The moth appears in May and June, and even in April in
confinement, two specimens having emerged in my breeding
case in April, 1905.
The egg is laid on oak or poplar. When fresh laid it is of a
beautiful green colour, ornamented with 14 white ribs in relief,
connected by fine horizontal white lines. It is one millimetre in
length by two-thirds of a millimetre in height. After about a
week the colour changes to a rich red or plum tint, while whitish
spots appear in irregular positions.
At the end of the second week the red colour has all passed
away, giving place to a drab tint over the lower two-thirds, while
the upper one-third has become purple edged with orange, a
band of a similar colour edged with orange, and tapering to a
point crossing the lower part of the egg. The egg is now
translucent, and the markings just described indicate the curled-
up larva indistinctly.
The young larva when hatched, on June 6th, is very lively and
active, about 4 mm. in length, and appears as if wet or varnished.
Colour, greyish-yellow ; a double row of dark brown spots along
the back; and two similar rows of spots along the sides arranged
in oblique pairs. The back of the head is whitish, and there are
two dark brown lines, one on each side, which meet at the
mouth. There are apparently only two pairs of ventral claspers
which are effective, and these are dark brown and long, and
protrude sideways like "splay feet," giving a peculiar appear-
ance. A dark hair protrudes from each spot on the back and
sides. The larva feeds freely on oak, and when at rest has a
remarkably snake-like attitude.
By June i ith the spots along the back and sides have amalga-
mated into brown lines, which are continuous from the cheeks
to the end of the anal claspers.
iy8 OPHIODES OR PSEUDOPHIA LUNARIS.
On June izth the first moult took place, and the appearance is
as follows : Colour, sooty grey with whitish lines. The medio-
dorsal line broad, tapering towards the head and bifurcating at
the forehead. The lateral dorsal lines narrow and bifurcating
on the cheeks. The lateral lines continue on to the cheeks
without bifurcating. The ventral area has two pairs of whitish
lines. The surface has lost its varnished appearance, and is
smooth, but dull. There is a very distinct black spot in the
lateral dorsal region behind the last pair of prolegs on the sixth
segment, and a pair of similar spots on the eleventh and twelfth
segments.
The second moult took place on June i8th. The larva then
became of a pinkish grey colour. Along the sides are three
whitish wavy lines edged with black. There are two similar
medio-dorsal lines, and between them a narrow white line
swelling out between the segments and contracted at the
segments.
The lateral lines are continued along the cheeks ; the dorsal
line stops at the head. The head appears black with nine very
distinct creamy longitudinal lines. On the sixth segment on
each side is a very distinct black spot, with a crescentic cream-
coloured spot above it and touching it, and edged with black.
The larva when at rest lies at full length along a twig.
On each ventral clasper is a large cream-coloured spot edged
with black, and there is a pair of distinct raised black spots on
the eleventh and twelfth segments.
Third moult, June 24th. The larva is now rather over an
inch long. Head black in the middle, reddish brown at the
sides. Two distinct creamy stripes down middle of face and one
on eack cheek, each stripe bifurcating. Body dark grey,
numerous whitish wavy lines edged with black along the back
and sides. Prolegs sienna brown. Claspers large and spreading,
and each has a distinct white spot. The crescent-shaped spots
on the sixth segment are now golden yellow edged with black.
The eleventh and twelfth segments have small black humps
pointing backwards. A reddish line extends along the whole
OPHIODES OR PSEUDOPHIA LUNARTS. 179
length of the body on each side just above the legs and
claspers.
Fourth moult, June 3<Dth. Body much the same, though
stouter, fine yellowish lines. Head rich sienna brown with
yellow cheeks and yellow stripes down forehead bifurcating
below, and a very fine central line also bifurcating. A broad red
wavy line edged with black along the side of the body just above
legs and claspers. Claspers large and spreading, each with
large white spot. Humps on eleventh and twelfth segments
sienna brown. Spots on sixth segment orange yellow bordered
with black, and a black spot inside the crescent.
Fifth moult, July Qth. General appearances very similar.
Length 2^- inches. Fine lines yellow. Spiracles white edged
with black. Red lateral line well marked.
The larva spins a cocoon among leaves and moss, and becomes
a rich brown pupa, which becomes nearly black before the moth
emerges.
The length is 25 mm. or i inch.
The Moth. The antennae are slightly serrated in the male ;
filiform in the female. The male is paler generally than the
female, and the markings are less distinct. The ground colour
is pale dingy brown sprinkled with dark brown scales. Near
the body is a small round dark brown spot. Outside this is a
curved whitish line bordered on the inner side by a brown line.
About the centre of the forewings is a distinct reniform spot
with pale brown centre and dark brown edge. Outside this is a
doubly-curved whitish line bordered on the outer side by a dark
brown line and an area of brown shading. Between this line
and the hind margin is a fine sinuous zigzag line, which is much
more distinct in the female than the male. Parallel with the
hind margin is a row of small black spots situated on the
nervures. The fringe is brown and wavy.
The hind wings are pale drab at the base, while the marginal
area is shaded brown in the male and deep blackish brown in
the female.
The head, thorax, and body are a pale drab colour.
i8o
OPHIODES OR PSEUDOPHIA LUNARIS.
The underside of all the wings is yellowish drab speckled with
dark brown scales, particularly along the nervures and in the
marginal area.
There is an indistinct semi-lunar, blackish brown spot nearly
in the centre of each forewing on the underside, and a similar
spot nearer the body on the underside of the hindwings.
From the appearances of the egg of O. Lunaris, and also of
the larva and imago and their habits, I have no doubt that it is
rightly placed near the Catocalidae.
Mr. Head, of Scarborough, kindly furnished me with ova and
pupce of this species.
ProcJ)orset JUL&A.R Cbal VoUXVlL 1906. PL A
~\ lib.
Ic.
oJ. Green del.lithet imp.
CHTMyEPvOID FIN-SPINE
EXPLANATION OF PLATE A.
Fig. 1. Basal half of dorsal fin-spine of Chimseroid Fish, side view, with outline
cross -sections of lower (la) and upper (Ib) ends, and front view of piece
of anterior keel (Ic), nat. size. Portland Stone, Portland. [Collection
of F. J. Barnes, Esq.]
Fig. 2. Ischyodus sp., side view of portion of dorsal fin-spine, nat. size. Portland
Stone, Portland. [British Museum, No. P. 6036.1
a
J?imaeroi6 grin^pme from
By A. SMITH WOODWARD, LL,D., F.R.S., of the
British Museum.
[PLATE A.]
^EETH of a very large Chimaeroid fish have long been
known from the English Portlandian rocks, but
no other part of the skeleton has hitherto been
identified. It is, therefore, of interest to record
the discovery of the base of a large dorsal
fin-spine which may well have belonged to the
same species. The teeth have the generic
characters of Ischyodus, and are named /. townsendi* The new
spine, on the other hand, differs in some respects from the
typical dorsal fin-spine of Ischyodus.^
* See especially E. T. Newton, " The Chimaeroid Fishes of the British
Cretaceous Rocks" (Mem. Geol. Surv., 1878), p. 33, pi. xi. ; also Proc. Geol.
Assoc., Vol. VII., p. 116, woodc.
f For references to the various descriptions see Catal. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus.,
Pt. II. (1891), pp. 59-72.
1 82 A NEW CHIM^ROID FIN-SPINE.
The fossil in question was obtained from the Whitbed of the
Portland Stone in a quarry near the parish church, Portland, by
Mr. F. J. Barnes, to whom I am indebted for the opportunity of
studying the specimen. It is merely the basal part of a bilater-
ally symmetrical fin-spine below the point where the posterior
denticles begin, and is shown of the natural size in Plate A.
As indicated by the transverse sections, its side-to-side measure-
ment is greatest at the lower end (Fig. la), where it is widely
open behind to receive the edge of the fin. Higher up, where
its internal cavity is closed behind (Fig. ib\ the spine is
somewhat laterally compressed. Its anterior border is con-
stricted into a prominent keel, while its posterior face is sharply
excavated by a longitudinal channel. The anterior and lateral
faces show that the spine cannot have been deeply inserted in
the soft parts of the fish, a narrow lower margin alone having
been covered. Its outer surface is ornamented with very coarse
rounded tubercles, which are irregular in shape and size, seem
to be covered with an extremely thin layer of enamel, and are
conspicuous on the anterior keel (Fig. ir). The arrangement
of these tubercles is rather indefinite, but there is a tendency for
them to follow the longitudinal ridges which result from the
texture of the spine. The whole tissue is of a very porous
texture.
The spine thus described must obviously have armed the
dorsal fin of a cartilaginous fish ; and the fact that it exhibits no
long base of insertion proves that it belongs to a Chimaeroid
rather than to an Elasmobranch. The prominent anterior keel,
the deep posterior channel, the open texture, and the tendency
towards longitudinal ridges on the lateral face suggest com-
parisons with the dorsal fin-spine of Ischyodus (Fig. 2.) The
remarkable bubbly tuberculation, however, is unique. I am
inclined to regard the latter peculiar character as the result of
overgrowth in an unusually gigantic form ; and, since the teeth
of Ischyodus townscndi from the same geological horizon probably
represent an equally large fish, I think it is almost certain that
the new spine will eventually prove to belong to this species.
ProcJ)orset N.K&AECbuh Vbl.IXm.lW6.PLJB.
plv
I-
i
J.Greeti deMLUxet nap.
MESODON BARNESI .
EXPLANATION OF PLATE B.
Fig. 1. Mesodon barnesi, sp. nov. ; left side view of fish, nearly one-half natural
size. Portland Stone; Portland, eth., mesethmoid ; occ., occipital
crest ; orb., orbit ; plv., pelvic fins and supports ; r. spl., right splenial ;
v., vomer. [Collection of F. J. Barnes, Esq.]
Fig. 2. Ditto ; right splenial dentition of same specimen.
Fig. 3. Ditto ; inner face of two scales of same specimen.
Fig. 4. Ditto ; impression of outer face of scales of same specimen, showing
ornamental tubercles.
Fig. 5. Mesodon damoni, A. S. Woodw. ; left splenial with dentition. Portland
Stone ; Portland. [British Museum, no. P. 7,509.]
Fig. 6. Mesodon granulatus (Miinster) ; right splenial with dentition. Kim-
meridge Clay, Weymouth. [British Museum, no. P. 3,788 d.~]
Figs. 2-6 nat. size.
g)n a
of t&e
from fipe "2forfCcm6
By A. SMITH WOODWARD, LL.D., F.B.S., of the
British Museum.
[PLATE B.]
LMOST all the remains of fishes from the Portland
Stone are so fragmentary that the discovery of a
nearly complete specimen is always worthy of note.
All the Portlandian Pycnodonts hitherto named, for
example, are known only by isolated jaws. It is,
therefore, of much interest to be able to study the
complete fish to which some of these jaws
belonged. Such a specimen has lately been
obtained from the "roach" bed by Mr. F. J.
Barnes, who has kindly entrusted it to me for the following
description.
The newly-discovered fish is of the deep-bodied, 'laterally
compressed shape so characteristic of Pycnodonts, and is shown
of nearly one-half the natural size in PI. B, Fig. i. Allowing for
probably slight distortion in the caudal region, its total length
must have been originally about 0*25111., while its maximum
depth would be not more than o'zim., and the length of the head
184 A PYCNODONT FISH OF THE GENUS MESOt>ON.
with opercular apparatus approximately 0-075111. Its most striking
feature is the humped shape of the back.
As seen in direct side-view, the snout is acutely pointed and
prominent, while the profile of the head is sinuous and steep,
rising to the elevated occipital crest (pec.}. Nearly all the
external surface of the constituent bones is destroyed, but
tubercles on the front edge and on the parietal region indicate
that it was originally ornamented with a coarse granulation.
Being fractured, the bones exhibit their light and open texture.
The large and thin mesethmoid (eth.} as usual, extends upwards
to the orbit (orb.} ; and since all the cheek-plates are removed,
remains of the delicate pterygopalatine arcade are exposed,
apparently connected in the ordinary Pycnodont manner * with
the base of the cranium. Traces of the relatively large
hyomandibular are also seen behind. Teeth occur along
the oral edge of the vomer (v.} t but their arrangement cannot be
determined. The greater part of the right splenial (r. spl.} is
shown from the oral face, being only obscured behind by a
fragment of the corresponding bone of the left side. The
arrangement of the splenial dentition is thus clear (Fig. 2).
The principal teeth are in a regular close series, all of them
broader than long and destitute of any coronal pit or crimping.
On the inner side of the series there is only one row of small
teeth, which are also closely arranged, nearly round though
tending to be longer than broad, and with an occasional trace
of an apical pit or crimping. There are three outer rows of
closely arranged, nearly round teeth, of which the first and third
are about as large as the inner row, while the second is slightly
smaller. Few of these teeth exhibit the slight coronal pit and
crimping.
The axial skeleton of the trunk is sufficiently well preserved in
parts to demonstrate the absence of vertebral centra. The
elongated rather stout neural spines are seen in undisturbed
* A. S. Woodward, " On the genus Anoineeodus, with Remarks on the Structure
of the Pjcnodont Skull," Geol. Mag. [3], Vol. x. (1893), p. 487, pi. xvii.
A PYCNODONT FISH OF THE GENUS MESODON. 185
series in the scaly part of the trunk, but they do not appear to
reach the humped dorsal margin. Traces of the ribs show that
they were also long and stout. The middle part of the vertebral
column is destroyed, but the terminal half of the caudal region
is well preserved. In the four segments in advance of the tail
fin the neural are about as large as the haemal arches ; but
within the fin there is the usual expansion and preponderance of
the haemals. The condition of the vertebral column suggests
that there has been no distortion of the abdominal region, but
probably a little in the anterior half of the caudal region.
The pectoral fins are not shown, but remains of the very small
pelvic pair (plv.} are preserved remarkably far forwards. There
are indications that the pelvic fin-supports are a pair of long and
narrow laminae, while the fin-rays must have been few, broad,
and closely articulated. The rays of the median fins are also
broad and closely articulated to a point not far from the base.
The dorsal fin seems to have 30 supports, but its shape is not
seen. The anal fin, with "19 or 20 supports, rapidly rises to a
point anteriorly, its maximum depth equalling about three-
quarters of its basal extent. The caudal fin is obscure, displaying
only the short crowded rays at its origin below.
The scales are confined to the trunk in advance of the median
fins, and, so far as preserved, they are in regular undisturbed
series. Some are seen from within, others in impression of the
outer face. Their inner face (PI. B, Fig. 3), bears a low and
broad vertical ridge, ending in a large peg-and-socket articu-
lation. Their outer face (PI. B, Fig. 4), is sparsely ornamented
with large rounded tubercles, which are hollow. The scales of
the middle portion of the flank are not less than twice as deep as
broad, while those near the dorsal and ventral borders are more
nearly equilateral. The dorsal and ventral ridge-scales are
ornamented with stout enamelled prickles.
The Portlandian Pycnodont now described is clearly referable
to the genus Mesodon. The characters of the splenial dentition,
the squamation, and the short tail-pedicle leave no doubt as to
this determination. The only difficulty is in deciding upon the
186 A JPYCNODONT FISH OF THE GENUS MESOt>ON.
specific relationship of so imperfect a fossil, since the most
nearly allied forms are known merely by fragmentary specimens.*
The fish is not a young individual of Mesodon damoni, which
is already represented by jaws from the Portland Stone of
Portland, f because in the immature state of this species (see
the narrow end of the dentition shown in PL B, Fig. 5), the
splenial teeth are less crowded than in the new fossil, while the
principal teeth are rounder. Nor can the specimen be referred
to the typical Mesodon macropterus (see Text-fig, below), or
Jlf. daviesi,% which are known by nearly complete fishes from the
Bavarian lithographic stone and the English Purbeck Beds re-
spectively, because in these species there is no sudden elevation
Mesodon macropterus (Agassi/) ; left side view of fish, about one-half natural
size. Lithographic Stone; Bavaria, fr., frontal; m.eth., mesethmoid ; md.,
mandible; op., operculum ; orb., orbit; p.op., preoperculum ; pa., parietal;
pnix., premaxilla ; s.occ., supraoccipital ; sq., squamosal ; v. vomer.
* For an account of all known species of Mesodon see Catal. Foss. Fishes Brit.
Mus., Ft. III. (1895), pp. 199-215.
t A. S. Woodward, " On a New Species of Pycnodont Fish (Mesodon damoni)
from the Portland Oolite," Geol. Mag. [3], Vol. VII. (1890), p. 158.
% A. S. Woodward, " On some New Fishes from the English Wealden and
Purbeck Beds," Proc. Zool. Soc., 1890, p. 351, pi. xxviii., fig. 5.
A PYCNObONT FISH OF THE GENUS MESODON. 187
of the back between the head and the dorsal fin, and the rays
are more numerous in the dorsal and anal fins. The only
comparable hump-backed forms hitherto discovered are M.
gibbosus* from the lithographic stone of Bavaria and France,
and M. granulatus, from the Corallian and Kimmeridgian of
Western Europe. f The first of these (which I once supposed
to be founded on a distorted specimen) differs from the Portland
fish in having the elevation of the back pointed, not rounded ;
but the second, so far as known from an imperfect skeleton
found in the Lower Kimmeridgian of Hanover, agrees very well
with the form now described in the round humped shape of the
back and in the nature of the ornamentation, including prickles
on the ventral scales. Moreover, the splenial dentition of M.
granulatus, as may be observed in an example from the Kim-
meridge Clay of Weymouth (PL B, Fig. 6), is remarkably similar
to that of the fish now described (PL B, Fig. 2). Unfortunately,
however, the median fins of M. granulatus have not yet been
discovered, and its tail is very imperfectly known, so that no
exact comparisons are possible. I, therefore, propose to regard
the Portland fossil now described as representing a new species,
M. barnesi, which may be defined as follows :
Trunk raised into a rounded eminence between the occiput
and the dorsal fin, and its maximum depth nearly equalling its
total length to the origin of the caudal fin. External bones and
scales coarsely tuberculated, the dorsal and ventral ridge-scales
with enamelled prickles. Teeth smooth, a few of those of the
lateral series having a faint apical pit with traces of crimping
on the border ; splenial teeth closely arranged, those of the
principal series broader than long, flanked within by one row
of small round teeth and externally by three series, of which the
median is the smallest, and the outer about equal in size to the
inner series. Dorsal fin with about 30, anal fin with about 20 rays.
* A. Wagner, Abh. k. bay. Akad. Wiss., math.-phys. Cl., Vol. VI. (1851),
p. 52, pi. iii., fig. 2.
fK. Fricke, "Die fossilen Fische aus den oberen Juraschichten von Hannover,"
Palseontographica, Vol. XXII. (1875), p. 359, pi. xviii., pi. xix., figs. 1-5.
m
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(Being the Mansel-Pleydell Prize Monograph for 1906.^
By W. PARKINSON CURTIS,
BOOKS REFERRED TO.
Author. Late. Title. Publisher.
R. Bowdler Sharpe. . 1896 A Handbook of the Birds of
Great Britain . . . . Edward Lloyd, Ltd.
Charles Dixon . . 1902 Birds' Nests . . . . Grant Richards.
W. R. Ogilvie-Grant 1905 Guide to the Bird Gallery
of the South Kensington
Museum .. .. Trustees of the
British Museum.
Henry Seebohm .. 1886 History of British Birds .. J. C. Nimmo.
J. C. Mansel-Pleydell 1895 Birds of Dorset . . . . R. H. Porter.
H. E. Dresser . . 1870 Birds of Europe . . . . Taylor and Francis.
R. Bowdler Sharpe.. 1896 Catalogue of Birds, Vol.
XXIV. .. .. Trustees of the
British Museum.
PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS.
THE animal with which we propose to deal is the Ringed
Plover (JEgialitu hiaticola}, and we have thought it
desirable by way of preface to give the various
main divisions to which it belongs, with the several
leading characteristics, entitling it to its present
position in the orthodox system of classification.
The table (Plate I.) given herewith, shows the
main divisions of the Animal Kingdom, and is carried as far as
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THE RINGED PLOVER. 191
the Sub-Class II., B., viz., the Carinatae, from which sub-class
the Ringed Plover is derived.
The living representatives of the Class Aves to which our
subject belongs are readily distinguished from the members of
any of the other classes, by the fact that they are bipedal
animals clothed with feathers, and having mandibles destitute of
teeth, and forming a bill. In addition to these characteristics,
the whole of the class possess wings more or less perfectly
developed. The Class Aves is divided into two principal
sections. Section A, the Ratitw, contains birds entirely destitute
of a keel on the sternum, and consequently flightless. Section
B, the Carinattf, contains birds having a keel on the sternum,
and able to fly. The carina or keel forms a point whence the
muscles driving the wings may derive resistance.
The CarinatcB are divided at present into thirty orders, some
of which are tentative only. The Ringed Plover belongs to the
twelfth of these orders, viz., the Charadrii formes, which includes
all the plover-like birds (Plate II.). The principal characters of
this order are :
(i.) The nostrils are sometimes holorhinal and sometimes
schizorhinal.
(ii.) The feet are never fully webbed,
(iii.) The palate is always schizognathous.
The Charadriiformes are divided into nine principal families.
I. The Dromadidce, or Crab Plovers.
IL The ChiomdidcB, or Sheathbills.
III. The Attagidcz, or Seedsnipes.
IV. The Charadriidce, or True Plovers.
V. The CursoridcB, or Coursers.
VI. The Glareolidce, or Pratincoles.
VII. The Parridce y or Jacanas.
VIII. The (Edicnemidcz, or Stone Plovers.
IX. The Otididce, or Bustards.
Of these families, Nos. IV., V., VI., VIII., and IX., have
occurred in Dorset, and it is to Family IV. that the subject of
these remarks belongs. We have, as far as the characters are
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WINGS OF /EGIALITIS HIATICOLA.
WINGS OF VANELLUS CRIST ATUS.
PLATE IV.
THE RINGED PLOVER. t 1 93
ascertainable, tabulated the characters of the families found in
the Charadriiformes. It is regretted that the table is so imperfect,
but the creators of these families have rarely worked the
characters right through with a due regard to the characters
upon which the other families in the same order have been
founded. This often leaves the student in great doubt about his
classification of a bird (Plate II.). The Family Charadriida is
divided into eight Sub-Families, and we have tabulated these so
far as the materials at our disposal would permit of our doing
so. (Plate III.) The sub-family Himantopodina will probably
be still further sub-divided in the near future. The third
sub-family, the Lobivanellince, is absent from Great Britain, and
we have accordingly ignored it.
It is in the Sub-Family IV., Charadriince, the typical sub-
family of the Charadmdtf, that JEgialitis hiaticola finds a resting
place. The Charadriince, although No. IV. in the British
Museum Catalogue of Birds, has been placed at the head of the
family by Mr. Howard Saunders in his manual, and this position
has been approved by Mr. R. Bowdler-Sharpe. It will be
observed that the typical characteristics of this sub-family are
the presence of a dertral swelling at the top of the bill and a
tarsus reticulated before and behind the hexagonal plates. Of
the genera at present recognised in the sub-family Charadriina
eight have occurred in Great Britain, viz. :
(i.) Squatarola, (ii.) Charadrius, (iii.) Octhodromus, (iv.)
EudromiuS) (v.) Oxyechus, (vi.) JEgialitis, (vii.) Vanellus, (viii.)
Chaetusia.
These genera are sharply divided by the shape of the wings
into two groups, which for convenience we will call the sharp-
winged group (A) and the blunt- winged group (B). Genera I.,
II., III., IV., V., and VI. belong to Group A, and VII. and VIII.
to Group B. Group A have a rapid twisting flight, and are able
to skid for a great distance with but a few blows of the wings to
gain impetus. Group B have a heavy flapping flight, which is
sufficiently accounted for by the short and ample character of
the wings. The illustrations (Plate IV., a, b\ show the wings of
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THE RINGED PLOVER. 1 95
jEgialitis hiaticola and Vanellus cristatus typical examples of the
different types.
The British genera of the sharp-winged group are dis-
tinguished in accordance with the table given in Plate V., and
this is the present last word of the authorities on classification.
(Plate V.)
With all deference and humility at differing from great
authority, the opinion we hold is that the present genera are by
no means satisfactory. Mr. Henry Seeholm, in his work on
British Birds, published in 1886, did not divide the Family
CharadriidcE into sub-families, and he took as his -type genus
Charadrius. In this genus he included Arenaria interpres (now
relegated to the Sub- Family Arenarimce), JEgialitis dulius
(minor], JEgialitis hiaticola (hiaticula and hiaiicula major],
jEgialitis alexandrina (cantianus], Eudromius morinellus, Octhodro-
mus asiaticus, Charadrius pluvialis, Charadrius dominicus (fulvus\
Squatarola helvetica, and Oxyechus vociferans. The Turnstone,
Seebohm was prepared to relegate to a Sub-Genus Morinella, as
the bill was aberrant. This bird has now (and, as we believe,
rightly) been placed in the Sub-Family Arenariince, so that we
may at once dismiss it from further consideration.
For the genus Charadriius he gave the characters dertral
swelling at the tip of the bill and pointed wings, but observed
that the hind toe was present in some species and not in others,
that in some species the tarsus was reticulated and in others
scutellated. Now, it will be observed, that the species above
named, all fall into our group A with pointed wings.
Squatarola helvetica is decidedly entitled to the distinction of a
separate genus, since it alone of the six remaining British
genera has the hind toe present ; JEgialitis and Charadrius
however, are as at present defined, separated mainly upon
the ground that Charadrius dons its black breast and frontal
band during the breeding season only, whilst &gialiti$ retains
it all the year round. This is to our mind a very unsatis-
factory character upon which to separate JEgialitis from
Charadrius.
196 THE RINGED PLOVER.
Octhodromus again is in part founded upon the summer band of
cinnamon across the chest and the bill which is stouter than in
JEgialitis, this is again unsatisfactory since the bill is no stouter
than that of C. Pluvalis. If the separation of Charadrius from
SEgialitis, solely on the ground of the summer plumage, is not
ultimately held good and SEgialitis falls, Octhodromus must fall
too. Eudromius again is separated largely by plumage, but its
bill is shorter than the bill of Oxyechus, and it is a heavier built
bird than JEgialitis ; its tarsi are shorter than that genus, and the
bare part of the tibia is less extended. Oxyechus is defined as
the same characters as jEgialitis, but the tail is wedge-shaped
and longer than half the length of the wing, whilst in ^Egialitis
the tail is square and shorter than the dimension referred to.
We should welcome a return to the following simplified classi-
fication of our Group A. :
(i). Hind toe present .. .. Squatarola.
Hind toe absent . . . . 2.
(2). Tail wedge-shaped . . . . Oxyechus.
Tail not wedge-shaped . . Charadrius.
The last genus would then include A. dubius, A. hiaticola, A.
alexandrina, E. morinellus, 0. asiaticus, C. pluvialis, and C.
dominions, which to our mind is a much more useful and much
more natural classification. However, as we said before, we put
forward these opinions with the greatest diffidence, as Mr. R.
Bowdler-Sharpe in his catalogue of the Birds in the British
Museum, Vol. XXIV. (10 May, 1896), keeps these genera
distinct. The genus, SEgialitis, then, as at present constituted, is
distinguished from Squatarola by the absence of the hind toe,
from Charadrius by its constant chest band, from Octhodromus by
its slighter and shorter bill, from Oxyechus by its square tail, and
from Eudromius by its slighter build and less fully feathered tibia.
The genus, JEgialitis, in Britain, contains three species, viz.,
hiaticola (the type of the genus), alexandrina and dubia. The
species are distinguished as follows :
i. Black band on fore neck complete . . 2.
Black band on fore neck incomplete . . alexandrina.
THE RINGED PLOVER. 197
2. Shaft to first primary only white.
Bill yellow at base of lower mandible only dubia.
Shaft all primaries marked more or less with white.
Both mandibles orange-yellow at base . . hiaticola.
sEgialitis alexandrina, both the bird and egg, is readily
distinguishable even at a distance. We have had a fairly close
acquaintance with the bird, having seen it in its native haunts in
all stages from the egg upward. The two latter species, A.
dubia and A. hiaticola are not so readily distinguishable, but,
whereas A. hiaticola is a lover of the seashore, A. dubia frequents
rivers and inland waters, rarely going to the sea.
Henry Seebohm has divided sEgialitis hiaticola into two sub-
species, to which he respectively gave the names C. hiaticula and
C. hiaticula major, but we will reserve the discussion of this to a
later period in our paper. We have now arrived at the following
classification of our subject :
Kingdom, Animalia.
Sub-Kingdom, Veftebrata.
Class, Aves.
Sub- Class, CarinatcE.
Order, Charadriiformes.
Family, Charadriidce.
Sub -Family Charadriince.
Genus, sEgialitis.
Species, hiaticola.
This closes our preliminary observations, and we will now
proceed to deal with our subject specifically.
We shall divide our subject into the following headings, but,
as this arrangement is more arbitrary than natural, there will be
some overlapping :
(i.) Synonomy.
(ii.) Familiar names,
(iii.) Plumages (a) male, () female, (c) immature, (d}
nestling.
(iv.) Range (a) in the world, (#) in Great Britain, (c) in
Dorset.
I 9 g THE RINGED PLOVER.
(v.) Food.
(vi.) Nest, (vi, a] Breeding season habits,
(vii.) Eggs,
(viii.) General habits,
(ix.) Enemies,
(x.) General observations.
(i.) SYNONOMY.
* Charadrius hiaticula, Linn., Syst. Nat. i., p. 253 (1776).
Macgill, Brit. B., iv., p. 116 (1850).
Seebohm Brit. B., iii., p. 20 (1885).
Charadrius hiaticula major, Seebohm Brit., B., iii., p. 20
(1885).
Charadrius aegypiicus, Linn Syst. Nat., i., p. 254 (1766).
Charadrius hiaticola, Temminck's Man. d'Orn., p. 325 (1815).
Charadrius torquatus (Briss), Leach Cat., Mamm., &c., Brit.
Mus., p. 28 (1816, nee Linn.).
Charadrius major, Tristram fide Gray Handb., B. ii., p. 15
(1870).
Chaiadrius homey eri, Brehm, Naummaniia 1855, p. 285.
* Aegialitis hiaticula, Dresser, B. Eur. VII., p. 467, p. 525
(1876), B. O. W. List of Brit. Birds,
. p. 159 (1883), Saunders' ed., Yarrell's
Brit. Birds, III., p. 257 (1883).
id., Man, Brit. B., p. 523 (1889).
Lilford Col. Fig. Brit., B., p. LXX. (1891).
Boie, Isis (1822), p. 558.
Aegialitis hiaticola, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Museum, XXIV., p. 256.
ibid, Handbook Brit. Birds, Vol. III., p. 158
(1896).
Aegialitis auritus, Hengl. Syst. Uebers, p. 56 (1886).
Aegialitis septentrionalis, Brehum, Vog. Deutsch, p. 548 (1831).
Aegialitis hiaiiculoides, Heagl. Syst. Uebers, p. 56 (1856).
Aegialitis intermedius (nee Menebr.) Gurney, Ibis (1868), p. 255.
Sharpe's Ed. Layard's B. of S. Af., p. 66 1.
THE RINGED PLOVER. 199
Pluvialis torquata minor, Briss. Orn, V., p. 63., PI. v., Fig. 2 (1760).
Pluvialis torquata, ibid, p. 60, PL v., Fig. i (1760).
Pluvialis hiaticula, Droste Vog. Borkum, p. 150 (i86g).
* Hiaticula annulata, Gray's List Gen. B., p. 65 (1840).
* Hiaticula hiaticula, Linn. Licht. Nomenel. Ava, p. 94 (1854).
* Hiaticula arabs, ibid.
Hiaticula torquata, Gray's List Grail Brit. Mus., p. 68 (1844).
N"OTE. The names marked above with an asterisk Henry Seebohm regarded as
applicable only to the smaller form of the species.
(ii.) FAMILIAR NAMES.
Mr. Bowdler Sharpe, in his handbook, gives the English name
of this bird as the " Ringed Sandplover." Mr. Henry Seebohm,
in his work on British Birds, gives the name as the " Ringed
Plover," and it is by this name the bird is usually called. Mr.
Sharpe (ibid) also gives the name " Sandlark," and states that at
Sidlesham and Pagham it is known as the " wide-awake." At
Rye and Dungeness I have always heard it referred to as the
"Big Ringed Plover." At Poole it is called the " Dotterel" or
" Ring Dotterel." This latter is the name used by Mr. E. T.
Booth, who amassed that marvellous collection of birds at the
Dyke Road Museum, Brighton.
It was described as the "Sealark" by Albin in 1738. It is
also called at Poole the " Sea Swallow" and the "Rob," the
latter name being vaguely given to all small waders which are
not "Tinkers." The name "Tinker" is practically confined to
the " Peep-o'-day " birds and Sandpipers proper.
(iii.) PLUMAGES.
A series of sharply-marked contrasts which, when the bird is
in the hand, gives one the impression that it is a conspicuous
bird. This, however, is by no means the case. The bird's own
shadow kills the white on the lower parts to such an extent that
the under parts appear almost the same colour at a distance as
200 THE RINGED PLOVER.
the back. The shadow of the head kills the white throat, so
that it also appears to be grey. The bird, either standing on
mud, shingle, or sand, or sitting upon its nest, is really so
admirably coloured that even at a short distance its protective
resemblance to its surroundings conceals it in a manner which
must be seen to be appreciated.
(a) The Adult Male. The general colour above is a pale
sandy fawn colour ; the wing coverts are also of the same shade,
the greater wing coverts being tipped with white. The quill
feathers of the wings are brown. The primaries have dark
brown outer webs and tips with more or less white towards
the base of the inner webs. The shafts are white, the white
increasing in extent on the inner primaries. There are distinct
white patches on the outer web. The inner secondaries are pure
white ; the innermost long secondaries are fawn-coloured, like
the back. The tail feathers are pale brown, tipped with white,
with a sub-terminal black bar, the white increasing towards the
outer feathers. The penultimate tail feathers are white, with a
pale brown inner web and a narrow black sub-terminal bar; the
outermost tail feathers are pure white.
The crown of the head is pale brown ; next to this and extend-
ing from eye to eye right across the crown of the head is a black
band. Below this in front is a white band, and below this again
between it and the bill is a narrow black band. This band
reaches to the eye, and running below the eye, widens out and
extends to the fawn patch on the crown and nape of the neck.
The cheeks, neck, and throat are white, the white extending to
form a collar round the neck.
The chest has a wide black band across it, which narrows
towards the back and almost meets. The under surface of the
body and the under sides of the wings are pure white, with the
exception of the lower primary coverts and quill lining which
are tinged with grey. The bill is very deep brown, almost black
at the end, the base and remainder being orange. The feet and
tarsi are orange, and the claws black. The iris of the eye is deep
brown. (Plate VI.)
O >
THE RINGED PLOVER. 20 1
The general dimensions are length 7 inches, culmen 07
inches, wings 5*1 inches, tail 2*3 inches, tarsus 1*05 inches.
(b) Adult Female. Mr. Bowdler Sharpe says (Vol. III., p, 159).
Not distinguishable from the male. Total length 77 inches,
culmen 6*5 inches, wings 5*1 inches, tail 2*25 inches, tarsus
i inch. We are not prepared to say that we can correctly sex any
bird put in our hands, but we demur to the above statement. It
is possible at any rate to distinguish the female from the male
during the breeding season as her colour is less pronounced, and
at a short distance she is decidedly an ashier grey-brown than the
male. The fawn coloured back of the male is of a warmer tint.
Mr. Henry Seebohm states " The female is not quite so brilliant
in colour as the male. After the autumn moult very little change
is perceptible, except that the male is scarcely more brilliant in
colour than the female." This statement entirely coincides with
the result of our observations. (Confer Dresser, Vol. III.,
p. 498.)
(c) Immature. The immature birds are paler than the adults,
and have the feathers on the upper surface margined with ashy
buff. The ear coverts are brownish black. No black band is
present on the forepart of the crown. The band of the fore
neck is brown, tinged with buff in the middle, the sides of the
collar blackish. The white forehead and eyebrow are tinged
with brown. (Plate VII.)
(d) Nestling in Down. The upper parts sandy brown mottled
with stone colour and dark brown. There is a bluish grey stripe
on the back and head. The lower parts being much paler,
almost white. The eye stripe is present, and is a darker brown
than the remainder of the bird ; it commences at the bill and
extends right round the nape, where it widens out. The colour-
ing renders the nestling practically invisible amongst the shingle
and debris of a beach. The bill is brown and the feet and legs
are pink.
NOTE. The Ringed Plover differs much in size. This is discussed at page 212 ;
but the two forms will be mentioned as the larger form and the smaller form
before the matter is discussed.
2o2 THE RINGED PLOVER.
(iv.) RANGE.
(a) Outside Great Britain. The larger form occurs over
Western Europe, the smaller form over Europe generally,
exclusive of the Western part and Britain. Its northward range
extends to Jan Mayen and beyond Spitzbergen and to the
Cumberland Gulf in N. America ; possibly also Behring Strait ;
but Henry Seebohm suggested that the bird obtained by the
"Vega" expedition was in reality Charadrius placidus. East-
ward it ranges as far as Lake Baikal, but it rarely breeds in
Turkestan. Southward, on the winter migration, it spreads over
the whole of Africa, and even reaching the Cape of Good Hope ;
stragglers also reach N.W. India. The Australian record is
undoubtedly erroneous. (Cat. B.M., Vol. XXIV., p. 261.)
(I)) In Great Britain. On all the coasts, and breeds every-
where on the beaches. It is also found on the shores of inland
lakes, and during migration has been known to occur on
commons and riverbanks very far inland. Sir William Jardine
records it as nesting on rabbits' warrens a considerable distance
from the sea. It also reaches the Orkneys, Shetlands, Hebrides,
and the Channel Islands.
(c) In the County of Dorset. It breeds plentifully in Poole
Harbour, Studland Bay, Lodmoor (per L. R. N. Thompson),
and on the Chesil Beach, these being the most suitable places
on the coast for it. Personally, we have not met with it either
at Swanage, Lul worth, or Warbarrow, although some parts of
the beaches at these places seem to afford likely breeding haunts.
(v.) FOOD.
This consists of small molluscs, c'rustacea, shrimps, sand-
hoppers, and the like, also sea worms of various kinds. Dresser
gives Amphidota, Coleoptera, and Diptera in addition to the
above. The bird will, to our own knowledge, run eagerly to
catch the numerous flies to be found amongst the decaying
seaweed on the shore.
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(vi.) THE NEST.
(Plates VIII. to XIV.)
Charles Dixon, in his work on " Birds' Nests," published in
1902, says : "The Ring Plovers, for example, can by no stretch
of imagination be regarded as nest builders. They deposit their
eggs on the bare sands and shingles, often with not even a
semblance of a hollow to contain them," p. 43. Mr. R. Bowdler
Sharpe says : " Nest, none as a rule, being merely a hollow
scooped in the sand, though sometimes the bird takes advantage
of a natural depression." Against these libels on a charming
and loveable little bird we do most emphatically protest. We
probably have seen quite as many ring plovers' nests as these two
gentlemen, and the above statements bear little or no likeness to
the facts ascertained through our own observations. Mr. Henry
Seebohm, generally so accurate in his observations, says : " The
Ring Plovers make little or no nest." The question as to how
much nest a Ring Plover will or will not make is determined by
the personal temperament of the bird, coupled with a consider-
ation of the situation in which it has decided to nest. According
to our experience, the pairs nesting at Studland on the fine soft
sand merely scrape a little hollow or take advantage of a natural
depression, and, after ornamenting it or partially lining it with
broken shells, bits of marram grass, or dead seaweed, according
to the taste of the bird, deposit their eggs in this. The ornamen-
tation, if it renders the nest conspicuous, is removed as soon as
an egg is laid. On the beaches and islands of Poole Harbour
the process is a little more complicated. First there is much
inspection of the beach, and many little depressions are scraped
out by the birds, to be forsaken, apparently quite whimsically, for
another site. The little female waders, like the female of a
higher vertebrate inhabiting the Palaearctic region, seem to be
exceedingly difficult to please in the matter of a matrimonial
home. The nett result of much energy expended in making
" scrapes" is that the final scrape is made probably within a few
yards of where the nest was made last year. Having finished a
204 THE RlNGEt)
neat circular depression to their mutual satisfaction, the next
thing the birds consider is a lining. This is almost invariably
composed of very small stones, although I have known seaweed,
dead grass, and bits of shell used. Colonel Fielden records
finding a nest lined with the leaves and stems of Atriplex
littoralis. The small stones generally used are very neatly
arranged in the nest, and fitted in to form a miniature tesselated
pavement, which the birds pack with much care and exactitude.
From our observations we believe that the older the bird the
greater the care and neatness with which the lining is fitted into
the nest. When the lining is completed the next thing is the
ornamentation of the home. The material chosen is entirely
governed by the taste of the bird ; sometimes the entire nest will
be filled with the chelae of the shore crab, bleached silvery white
with exposure to the weather. At another time the nest will be
ornamented with very small cockle shells entire, at another with
the edges of the valves only. Sometimes again the hinges alone
are chosen, and occasionally almost every conceivable kind of
shore debris will be used. As soon, however, as an egg is laid,
the ornaments which render the home conspicuous are carefully
removed, and the egg is left to the protection of its practical
invisibility. Its colour is so like that of the material on which it
is deposited that it often escapes the practised eye. We regret
to say that the insane persecution to which this little bird has
been subjected in Poole Harbour and the ruthless destruction of
its eggs has caused it to our knowledge to choose many unusual
sites for its nests. Amongst them we may mention that it has
taken to nesting on the pit-banks at nearly all the clayworks
near the harbour, where amongst the desolation of mound after
mound of rubble it is far safer than on the comparatively narrow
strips of shingle beach around the harbour. It has also nested
in the deep heather, and in the sedgebeds near the harbour.
On one occasion we found a nest in a depression whence turf
had been removed, and for some years now the bird has availed
itself of every ledge on the low cliffs of the various islands and
headlands in and around Poole Harbour.
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THE RINGED PLOVER. 205
A very large number of nests are destroyed by the exceptionally
high spring tides that occur quarterly. Of these tides the one
that comes about breeding time we generally get about the end
of March or the first week or so in April. The tide then makes
several feet higher than usual, and if there should happen to be
an easterly gale at the same time, the destruction is even
greater. The pairs that have nested early on the beaches are
almost certain (as happened in 1905) to have their eggs
swept away, and to have to commence their nesting again. The
birds will lay several complete clutches if their nests are taken
or destroyed, but it is almost impossible to say how many will be
laid, since the bird will sometimes sit a portion of a clutch if one
or two eggs are removed.
(vi. a.} BREEDING SEASON HABITS.
Towards the middle of March the Ringed Plovers pair.
Where the breeding takes place at a distance from the winter
resort the Ring Plover departs for the breeding place in little
companies, but where the breeding takes place in the area in
which the flock has spent the winter the pairs segregate them-
selves from the flock and repair to the breeding ground. We
may say here that in our opinion the Ring Plovers pair for
life, even though they go about in flocks during the winter.
Our reasons for this belief are as follows : It is a well-known
fact that every female bird lays the same type of egg each
successive year with slight variation within well-defined limits.
This is quite apart from the question of types of colouration,
which will be referred to under the heading of eggs. The
particular egg bears the mark of the individuality of the female
laying that egg. Now each successive clutch of eggs will bear
a greater likeness to the preceding clutches of eggs laid by the
bird than the successive children borne by a human mother.
This will be readily understood when it is considered that the
uterine mother supplies the whole external fabric and colour-
ation of the egg, whilst in human beings the external characters
206 THE RINGED PLOVER.
of the male parent will be transmitted to the young in a definite
proportion. Accordingly when we find as we have found for
six successive years a nest of Ring Plover's eggs laid within a
few yards (at most 100 yards) of the spot where we found a
clutch of eggs in the preceding year, and that these eggs bear
the same individuality in form and colouration that the eggs
we found last year bore, we are correct in assuming that the eggs
were laid by the same parent bird. Further, when this has
happened with regard to three pairs of birds observed for five
or six years, we can safely assume that they are the same pairs
segregated from the winter flocks, and back at their old
breeding haunts. Hence, we are firmly of opinion that the
Ringed Plover does as a rule pair for life, and that if a mishap
has befallen one of the pair, a new partner is brought to share
the old home with the surviving partner.
The pairing for life, however, does not seem to affect the
progress of the courting, which is started afresh every spring.
The male bird runs on the sand before the female bird, bows
and scrapes before her, twitters to her little endearing notes,
caresses her, and raises his head to the full extent of his neck
and then pokes it forward, every once now and again raising
his wings over his back. This exhibition generally ends
in a mad frolic at full tilt through the air or along the beach, the
male following the female and whistling a warbling note
_'_'-- _"__ '!__ . . 7
tooeeoo, ooeeoo, ooeeoo, ooeeoo, again and again. During the
sitting the male bird is in constant attendance on the female,
rarely leaving her, but we do not think that the male bird takes
any actual share in the incubation, since when the female
is off the nest feeding the eggs are left unguarded. As
incubation advances the eggs get little patches of mud on the
upper part, which gradually grow, as the dirt brought by the
little bird on her feathers after her daily excursion for feeding
purposes and exercise has been deposited on the top. In fact a
look at the eggs will generally enable you to judge how far
incubation has progressed. The eggs when laid on places like
the shingle beaches at Rye or the Sandbanks at Studland do not
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THE RINGED PLOVER. 207
get so dirty, as the birds find their food on the cleaner sand and
shingle and not on the mud flats.
On approaching the sitting bird she slips quietly off the nest,
and bending low dodges away over the shingle looking like some
moving stone. When she has retired to what she deems a safe
distance, she stands head on one side and surveys you with an
air of interested curiosity, as if speculating what that strange
animal will do next.
She and her mate will the while be calling to each other their
alarm note in a low tooee uee. When satisfied that danger is
over, and you have moved far enough away to be unable to see
her, she runs back to the nest, stopping every now and again to
survey the district thoroughly for anything that might lead to the
discovery of her precious eggs, till finally she cuddles the eggs
under her with her legs. She sits down again, her head drawn
back so that her bill almost rests on her chest. When disturbed
and agitated the little birds have the curious habit of picking up
small stones in their bills and carrying them about. (Confer
Mr. R. Kearton's Wild Nature's Ways.) They will also pretend
to feed with a view of putting you off enquiry as to the cause of
their presence.
The young when hatched leave the nest within a few hours,
and are most diligently guarded and attended by their parents.
The small waders are models of parental solicitude, and the
infant mortality is exceedingly low, the rule being for four birds
to be reared by each pair. The young upon alarm scatter
immediately and lie down, crouching so low as to be almost
level with the shingle or sand on which they lie. If we stand
quite still for a few minutes, we shall see a bright eye open on
what looks like a little lump of sand and survey us carefully.
Should we make the slightest movement, the eye shuts like a
flash, leaving the beach apparently lifeless but for the parent
birds, who are standing some distance off or flying round in an
agitated manner uttering their plaintive alarm note. Stoop and
touch the apparently lifeless lump of sand ; the change is
instantaneous. The sand resolves itself into a young Ringed
208 THE RINGED PLOVER.
Plover, which hurriedly jumps and runs as fast as its little pink
legs can carry it away along the beach to the next nearest bit of
cover, all the while waving its tiny stumps of wings and calling
for mother its very loudest. The young when running are by no
means easy to keep in view owing to their colouring, and we
have often had to lay our heads level with the beach in order to
catch sight of the young against the sky-line. The parent birds,
on finding that their young are discovered, at once become
alarmed and agitated, and will run almost to one's feet whistling
and calling, endeavouring to attract attention to themselves from
the young birds. They will both on these occasions, but more
especially the female, feign broken wings, broken legs, or even
death, stumbling along the beach with the greatest difficulty,
attempting to fly, but failing owing to one wing being useless.
Sometimes after a short struggle the bird will get on the one
sound leg and start a short flight with one whole wing and one
disabled one, only to find that the whole wing suddenly breaks,
leaving the poor bird lying on the sand, feathers tumbled, wings
and tail stretched out the picture of helpless misery ! If,
however, we try to catch the bird, she will soon show us that it
is all sham, darting off a little way to repeat the whole' process,
till she thinks she has led you far enough away from the young
birds and that they are safe. Then she will rise with a joyous
note, as if delighted at the success of her ruse, and return to call
together her scattered family. We have on several occasions
tried to see how far a Ringed Plover would carry this imitation,
but she knows the margin of safety to an inch. The young
birds continue to be tended by their parents and to feign death
till they can fly, after which the family goes about in a little
party till the approach of winter induces them to join in one of
the numerous little flocks which rang harbour.
It is exceedingly doubtful if the Km l Plover rears a second
brood. Mr. M. C. H. Bird informed Mr. Henry Seebohm that
he had found young on the 3rd of August. This is unusually
late, but we suggest as the probable explanation the destruction
of the earlier clutches.
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EGGS OF y^GIALITTS HIATICOLA.
($ THE SHINGLE TYPE. (A) THE SEAWEED TYPE.
(f d}- r7) THE SAND TYPE.
PLATE XV.
THE RINGED PLOVER. 209
(vii.) THE EGGS.
The eggs are pyriform, and, though they vary considerably in
shape, they always take this form. They are creamy-buff to clay-
colour ground, with small spots, lines, and blotches axis, i'$in.
to i'5Sin. ; diameter, "09-95 to rosin.
Mr. Robert Read says that he has noticed that the eggs vary
very considerably in ground colour, according to the locality,
those laid on the dark pebbles near inland lakes and rivers being
much duller than those laid on the bright yellow sea sand.
They are somewhat difficult to see unless you are practised at
finding them. We find that the eggs vary very much in ground
colour and markings. The ground is almost anything from an
almost white to a decided yellowish buff through all shades of
stone colour and French grey. There is always an underlying
series of spots and blotches of a cold French grey and an over-
lying series of dark vandyke brown marks.
The eggs when fresh have a greenish tint, but as incubation
progresses this is lost ; when blown and in the cabinet they
become somewhat papery in texture and tint.
There are, according to our experience, three types which
intergrade, and we have named them according to the material
on which they are found :
(i.) The shingle type with big spots and blotches (Plate
XV., a and e}.
(2.) The seaweed type with numerous small spots and
scribbly markings and biggish blotches (Plate XV., b\
(3.) The sand type with exceedingly fine markings (Plate
XV., c and d).
The various types are usually found in the situation which has
led us to give them the above names, and we have rarely found
any of the types on material not in consonance with the markings.
The eggs figured at Plate XV., c, is one of an exceedingly
small clutch, measuring nearly half an inch less in length than
the normal egg, and this clutch was, we believe, laid by a bird of
the smaller European race which will hereafter be discussed.
210 THE RINGED PLOVER.
(viii.) GENERAL HABITS.
The Ringed Plover is the sentinel of all the small waders, and
all the winter long the little flocks of Dunlin, Sanderling, and
Phalarope are accompanied by one or two Ringed Plovers which
do sentry-go. When the mud flats are bare at low water, and
the little birds are scattered over the mud feeding the flocks
become so inextricably mixed that the Ringed Plovers pjerform
this duty for the whole of the birds in the vicinity, When the
tide is high the little flocks retire to some shingly point or sandy
shore to doze away the time until the feeding grounds are again
uncovered. Whilst the Dunlin are quietly preening themselves,
or sleeping with one leg drawn up under them and their bills
tucked away under their wings, the Ring Plover sentinel stands
erect, eagerly scanning land and sea for danger. If it sees any-
thing to alarm it, it runs from bird to bird uttering its alarm
note, till the whole flock are awakened, when it takes flight,
leading its charges to some safer spot to continue their siesta.
The Ringed Plover can, and, like many waders, does swim
with comparative grace and ease, and it is exceedingly fond of
bathing, especially in hot weather, when it will nearly soak its
feathers, and then stand on some sunny, warm, sandy beach to
preen and dry itself.
The flight of the Ringed Plover is very rapid, and it twists and
wheels like a snipe ; if not seriously alarmed or only taking a
short flight it gives a few flaps of the wing to start, and then
glides with wings much down curved, every once now and again
recovering way by a quick beat of the wings. When in
flocks, the whole flock perform their evolutions with a unanimity
and precision which is wonderful, all turning and wheeling
at precisely the same moment ; except for single birds engaged
on sentry or pilot duty for a flock of small waders, the Ringed
Plovers generally keep together in a compact little flock,
separating on alarm from the other flocks of waders. During
the winter it is decidedly a wary little bird, but is quiet and
unobtrusive during the summer. It runs swiftly with great grace,
THE RINGED PLOVER. 211
and is exceedingly pretty to watch as it trips daintily along the
edge of the water following each receding wave for morsels of
food, and skipping back for the breakers as if afraid to wet its
feet.
The immature bird does not in our opinion breed in the first
year, that is to say, a bird hatched in 1906, will not breed till
1908. Our reason for this unorthodox view is that all the
summer there will be little flocks of birds not in the full bright
plumage of the breeding season which roam the Harbour at
large, and never indulge in the pretty little antics of courting,
and never show any signs of more serious matrimonial
responsibilities. These are, we believe, birds of the year, which
will not breed till the following spring.
(ix.) ENEMIES.
The first and most ruthless enemy of the Ringed Plover is
man. In Poole Harbour the eggs are destroyed unmercifully,
numberless clutches being destroyed for no apparent reason
other than that man seems unable to resist the destruction of
every natural object in his reach, be it birds, eggs, flowers, or
ferns. The bird itself often falls a prey to that pest and curse
of our bird-life, the shore shooter, who, armed with a rusty gun
(which, the more is the pity, fails to explode as one hopes it will
and blow his head off), lies in wait in a position covering a
point where the Ringed Plover assembles at high tide, and, on
the settling in of a flock, fires into their midst, killing some and
wounding others. So long as there are any wounded birds left
to call, the flock wheels back to try to induce their wounded
comrades to go with them, thus presenting a closely-packed
mass of birds as a target to the weapon of the murderer lying in
wait. Again and again he fires, till at last the flock give up the
attempt and, sadly reduced in numbers, try to find some safer
quarters. It is pathetic to consider the numbers of poor little
birds which fall as victims to their well-meant efforts to save
their comrades from death.
212 THE RINGED PLOVER.
Of the other enemies of the birds, they are mostly aerial,
though occasionally the rats round the shore eat the eggs of the
bird. The larger gulls, especially the immature individuals of
the species Larus fuscus, Larus marinus, and Larus argentatus,
systematically quarter the shores and breeding places for eggs
and destroy a considerable number. They will also destroy the
very young birds if they can find them, but the protective
resemblance is so great that the bulk of them escape.
The Hen Harrier has also been observed searching for and
eating the eggs (Handbook to Brit. Birds, p. 24, R. B. S.). I
have myself seen Harriers, presumably the Montagu's Harriers,
attack the mature bird, but the velocity with which it flies,
twists, and dodges has always resulted in the discomfiture of the
Harrier, who has swooped and struck time after time and missed.
(x.) GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.
The resident Ringed Plover of Great Britain is a somewhat
larger bird than the form inhabiting the continent of Europe,
and Mr. Henry Seebohm separated into a distinct race as
jEgialitis hiahcula major. Mr. R. Bowdler Sharpe has found
that the size of the individuals of this species varies greatly, and
that it is impossible to recognise this larger local race as distinct.
Small specimens of the Ringed Plover often occur on the
southern coast of Great Britain, and are doubtless migrants from
the continent of Europe. Some years back we found at Poole
a clutch of eggs (one is figured at Plate XV., e\ very much
smaller than the average run of eggs, and this clutch was no
doubt laid by the smaller variety.
Mr. Henry Seebohm gave the following particulars :
(i.) Small dark race with slender legs and feet ; wing 4-8
to 5-2 inches stretch, migratory and widely dis-
tributed.
(ii.) Larger pale race with stouter legs and feet, 5 to 5-3
inches wing stretch, resident in Great Britain and
the adjoining coasts.
THE RINGED PLOVER. 21$
These forms migrate in separate flocks, and have different
areas of distribution. The small dark race arrives here late in
the spring, and does not remain to breed, but passes north to
Arctic Europe.
Mr. Seebohm, however, recognised the races as subspecific
only, as they intergrade. This qualification Mr. Sharpe seems
to have missed when treating of the Ringed Plover in his
catalogue of the Birds of the British Museum, and there seems
no reason why the larger pale form should not be treated as a
local variety, and the name hiaticola major retained for it.
Sorbet
By E. A. FRY.
JTJHE Survey of Chantries in Dorset which is here
printed is a copy of the document to be found in
the Augmentation Office in the Public Record
Office, to which the reference is " Chantry
Certificates, No. 16." A few other Dorset
Chantries included in churches not in this .
county are appended.
In November, 1545, 37 Henry VIII., an Act of
Parliament was passed in order to enquire into the number of
Colleges, Chantries, and Free Chapels already founded, to see if
they were being carried out according to the instructions of
their founders and to stop their further alienation.
Following upon this Act a Commission was issued by Patent
(Pat. Roll, 37 Hen. VIII., pt. 10, memb. 36 dorso). The Com-
missioners appointed for Somerset and Dorset were William
(Barlow), Bishop of Bath and Wells ; Paul (Bushe), Bishop of
Bristol ; Sir Giles Strangeways, Knt. ; Sir John Horsey, Knt. ;
Thomas Denam, Esquire ; Robert Carye, gent. ; and Roger
Kentsey, gent.
The death of Henry VIII. on 28 January, 1547-48, stopped
for a time further action in the matter, but in i Edward VI.
(1547-48), a fresh Act of Parliament was passed to deal with all
DORSET CHANTRIES. 215
Chantries, Colleges, &c., followed by a Commission by Patent
(Pat. Roll, 13 February 1548-49, 2 Edw. VI., pt. 7, memb.
32 dorso), which appointed the following as Commissioners for
Somerset and Dorset, viz. : Thomas Speke, Hugh Poullett,
John Seyntlow, and Thomas Dyer, knights; William Moryce,
George De la Lynde, Robert Keylway, and Robert Metcalff,
esquires ; John Hannam and William Hartegyll, gentlemen,
which, after reciting the Act of i Edw. VI., proceeded to
authorise the Commissioners to enquire into the matter.
It is this Survey made by these Commissioners that is now
printed. In the case of Somerset (and I believe Gloucester and
Devon) there is a rental or statement showing whence the rents
of the Chantries, &c., were derived, but a corresponding one for
Dorset does not appear to be in existence, though in some
instances the Survey itself furnishes these particulars.
The Survey consists of 10 large membranes of parchment
stitched together at the head. The writing is for the most part
very clear, and the matter is arranged in columns first, the
Deanery, (2) the Lands, Tenements, and possessions of the
Chantry, College, &c., (3) the Gross Rents, (4) the Nett Rents,
(5) the Plate and Ornaments, and in some instances a memor-
andum concerning the clerk or priest or other information
relating to the Chantry.
It is in two parts, the first numbered i to 55 and the second
numbered 56 to 117, which, though not exactly a duplicate of
the first part, gives additional information as well as a few other
chantries, &c., not contained in part one.
A memorandum at the end of part two says that " The Duchy
of Lancaster is not contained in this boke." The Duchy of
lands in Dorset consisted of Blandford, Shapwick, and Kingston
Lacy, with its members, Abbotstreet, Barnesley, Cowgrove,
Leigh, Stone, Thornhill, and Wimborne. Though I have not
been able to find this particular Survey (if one was taken), there
is a very full one taken 6 Edw. VI. (Miscellaneous Books, Duchy
of Lancaster, No. 108), but it does not appear to have been
taken in connection with Chantry lands.
216 fcORSEf CHANTRIES.
I am indebted for much of the foregoing information to the
Introduction to the Survey and Rental of Somerset Chantries
(Somerset Record Society, Vol. II.,) by Mr. Emanuel Green, and
it was on receiving this volume that I conceived the idea of
supplying for Dorset what had been so admirably done for
Somerset.
The numbers within brackets refer to the second certificate.
CHANTRY CERTIFICATES (AUGMENTATION OFFICE),
ROLL No. 16.
Fo. i.
THE COUNTYE OF DORCETT.
The Certificate of Thomas Speke Hughe powlett John Seint-
lowe, John Rogers and Thorns Dyer, knights, Robert Kaylewey,
Willm Morice, George de la lynde and Robert Metcalf, esquiers,
Willfl Hartegill and John Hannam, gentillmen, Comyssyons,
appointed of all and singular lands, Tenements, Jewellis, plate,
goodes and Stockes appteyninge or belonginge to any College,
Channtrie, ffree chappell, hospitall, ffraternyte, Guylde, Salarye
or Stipendarie prist, Anifisarye, Obittes or lightes w*in the saide
Countie, By vertue of the Kinges Comyssyon to them directed
dated the xiiij th daye of Januarie in the second yere of the
Reigne of our SoQaigne lorde Edwarde the Sixth, By the grace
of godd kinge of Englonde ffraunce and Irelonde defender of
the ffaythe, and in Erthe of the churche of Englonde and also
of Irelonde the Supreme headde, as hereafter pticulerlye it
appearithe. That is to saye
DECANAT. DE DORCHESTER.
i (82.) The Chauntry of the Trynyte w*in the pisshe churche
of Dorchester, vj/. XV.T. \]d whereof in Rentis resolute
xvd> And so remayneth vj/. xiijj. xjV.
Ornamentys, Jewells, plate or goods, none
DORSET CHANTRIES. 2 17
2 (84.) The ffree chappell of Seint Johnes yn Dorchester.
ix/Y. xiijs. ijd., whereof yn Rentes resolute, xlijj. viijW.
And so remayneth vij/z'. xs. vjd.
Ornamentes, Jewells, plate or goodes, none
3 (87.) The ffraternytie or brotherhod of our ladye in Dor-
chester ix/z'. ii]s. wherof yn Rentes resolute \js. vjd.
And so remayneth viij/z'. xvjs. vjd.
Ornamentes ijs. viijd., one Challice x vnces
4 (85.) The ffreechappell of lytle Mayne, xxxjj., wherof yn
Rentis resolute xijd. And so remayneth xxxs.
Ornamentes, Jewelles, plate or goodes, none
5 (86.) The ffreechappell of Alrington, xxiiijj, viijd. wherof yn
Rentis resolute, none, And so remayneth xxiiijj. viijd.
Ornamentes, Jewells, plate or goodes, none
p. me Johem Hannam
Fo. id.
6 (88.) The Guilde or ffraternytie in Weymouth, vj/z'. xiiijj. xd.
wherof in Rentis resolute, none, And so remayneth
vj/. xiiij.y. xd.
One Challice, poz x (?) onzes, ij paire of vestm ts and ij
alter clothes, xiij^. iiijd.
7 (83.) The Chflnty of Seint f3ten in the pisshe Churche off
Wyntborne, Ciijj. iiijV. wherof in Rentes resolute,
none, And so reman Ciij.r. iujd.
One Challice, poz v onzes, one paire of vestmentes &
alter clothes ij pa. iijs.
8 (92.) The ffree chappell called Grene yn Shirborne, Ixijj.,
whereof in Rentes resolute, none, And so reman \xijs.
Ornamentes, Jewelles, plate or goodes at the said ffree
chappell, none Item ij belles, xxvjs. viijd.
9. Certeyne landes & Tents gyven by diuse p'sones for the
maynetenannce of diuse obbittes, lampes, lightes and
suche like vses, xliijs. iujd. wherof in Rentes resolute
xixd. And so reman xlij,r. vijd. (stc)
Ornamentes, Jewelles, plate or other goodes, none
2i8 DORSET CHANTRIES.
10. DiQs manors lands and Tenementes belonginge to the late
College of Seint Stevyns yn Westfi, Cxlvj/z'. xviijj.
\]d. wherof in Rentes resolute iiij/z'. viijj. And so
remayneth Cxlij//'. xj. viid. (sic)
Ornamentis, Jewelles, plate or other goodes, none
IT. Stockes of money kyen & shepe in the pyshes of Godman-
ston, Chykerell, Knighton parva, Wyntborne Caym,
Wyntbone monketon, Chaldon, pokeswell, Steple
purbecke, Tynnam, Wo r the, Studlande and Porte-
lande, Lxxiij//'. xijj. iiijV., Cxvij Shepe & xvij kyne
That is to say In Money at Godmanston lxx/z'. Steple
pbeke xj. viijV. Tynnam viijj. iiijV, portelande liijj.
iiijV. = Ixxiij/z'. xijj. \\i]d.
Kyne and Shepe at Chikerell iij kyne xxiijj. ; Worth
v shepe, v kyne = \]s. viijV. ; Wyntbon Caym ij kyen
xiiij shep = xxxixj. i\\]d. ; Wyntbone monketon xvj
shep ij kyne = xxxvjj. ; Chaldon iij kyne = xxiijs. ;
pokeswell j cowe = vijj. ; Steple pbeke vij shepe =
ixj. i\\]d. ; Tynnam xv shepe = xxs. ; Stndland j cowe
= \\}s. ; Knighton Ix shep = vj/z*. = xvj//'. xvjj. i\\]d.
p. me Johem Hannam
DECANAT. DE SHASTON.
Fo. 2.
12 (98.) The ffree chappell of Thorneton in the pishe of Marne-
hull, liujs. Rentes resolute, none, And so remayneth
Ornamentes, Jewelles, plate or other goodes, none
1 3 (93-) The Chuntrye of Seint Katheryne in the pishe churche
of Marnehull, ix//'. xvijs. iiijd. whereof in Rentes re-
solute xlviijj. viijV. And so remayneth vij//'. viijj. viijd.
Ornamentes, Jewelles, plate or other goodes, none.
14 (94.) The Chuntrye of Seint Katheryne w*in the pisshe of
Gillingham, vj/z". xiijj. iiij</. wherof in Rentis resolute
xj^. And so remayneth vj*//'. ijj. iiijV.
Ornamentes, Jewelles or other goodes, none
DORSET CHANTRIES.
15 (100.) The hospittalle of Seint John in Shaston, iiij/z.
whereof in Rentes resolute, none, And so remayn iiij/z'.
Ornamentes, Jewells or plate, none
One bell p'ce iijs. iiijd. ?
1 6 (99.) The ffree chappell of Mylton yn the pishe of Gyllinghm,
xlvjj. v'ujd. wherof in Rentes resolute, none, And so
remayneth xlvjs. v'njd.
Ornamentes, Jewelles, plate or other goodes, none
17 (97.) The Chauntry of Seint Katherine in the churche of the
late monastry of Shaston, vjV/. xiij.?. iiijd. whereof
in Rentes resolute, none, And so remayn vj/z'. xiij-r.
iiijd.
Ornamentes, Jewells, plate or other goodes, none
1 8 (96.) The chauntry of Seint John Baptiste in the churche of
the said late mon of Shaston, Cvjs. viijd. whereof in
Rentes resolute, none, And so remayn Cvjs. viijd.
One challice of sylver, pez v onzes, j paire of old
vestem ts , i white chesible, ii cruetts of tynne ijs.
1 9 (95-) The chauntrye of Seint Annes de la gore yn Shaston,
xiiij/z'. viij, whereof in Rentes resolute vs. vjd. And so
remayn xiiij/V. xviijV.
Ornamentes Jewells plate, none
Implem ts w th certein necessaries, viijj.
p me Johem Hannam
Fo. 2d.
20. Certen lands & Tents gyven by diuse psons for the
Sustentacon of lampes, lightes & obittes in diuse
churches at the saide deanrye, vjli. xiijj. xjV, whereof
in Rentes resolute xujs. iiijd. And so remayneth
vj/z'. vijV.
Ornaments, Jewells, plate or other goodes, none.
200. Certeine stockes of monye, kyen & shepe gyven for the
mayneten'nce of obyttes, lights and Annyusaries
yerelye to be in the pishe Churches of marnehull,
220 DORSET CHANTRIES.
Berehacket, holewalle, Gillingham, burton, lyllington,
Caundell bishope, Compton Abbot, henton marye,
margaret mshe, heydon, motcombe, Seint peters in
Shaston, Iwerne mynst r & Stalbrydge. ^j# (** 4
times 20 and i =-8i /z')ixj. iiijV. vj Chalices pez xxviij
vnces di, That is to saye
In monye at Pulhm xv//., Marnehull vj//., Berehacket
xxj.?., Burton xxiijj., lillington xxiiijj. iiijd., Caundell
bishope viijV., Compton Abbot viijj., motcombe
xvjf. = xxv/z'. xiijj. Kyne and shepe at Marnehill iij.
Kyne, xxx^., Also Cl shepe vijli. ; Hollewale CCxl
shepe xxiij/z'. ; Gyllinghm viij kyne iiij/*. ; Yetmyster
ij kyne shepe ij kyne remayneth towards the mayne-
tennce of a sole (?) ; Caundell byshoppe ij kyne xij.r.
Ixj shepe vli. ; Henton marye j cowe VJ.T. virjV. ;
margaret mshe ij kyne xxs. ; heydon j cowe vs. ;
motcombe xj kyne Cjs., xx shepe xxxvjj. viijV. ;
ywerne mynster v kyne xlijj. ; Stalbridge j cowe
xj = \]li. xjj. iiijW. Challices at Shaston j pez v
vnces ; marnehull, ij pez vj onzes di. ; hollewalle j
pez vj onz di. ; Gillinghm j pez iiij onz ; Caundell
epi j. pez vj onz di. = vj [Challices] pez xxviij onzes
di.
Vestmen ts w l ctein Implements at Shaston, j vestme 1 ,
j white chesybe, ij cruettes of tynne ijs. ; marne-
hull, one crosse of byrell vs., ij paire of vestm ts xs.,
ij curtens, iiij alter clothes, ij corpas cases cten
Implts = ijs. \]d ; hollwalle, vestm ts xxvjs. viijd.,
certeine Implem ts xxj^. ; Gillinghm, ij paire of
vestm ts vjs. viijd. ; yetmyster, j paire of vestm ts ij^., j
small gold ringe, pez j di., a girdell tapped w* Syluer i
onz di., a paire of bedis w* cteine sylu stones, pez ij
onz ; Caundell Byshoppe. j litle gold ringe, poz i di.,
ij paire of olde vestm ts w* ij old Alter clothes uijs.
iiij/z'. vs., ij onces di. & ij peny weight of Siluer &
golde.
DORSET CHANTRIES. 221
Fo. 3.
DECANAT. DE PYMPNE.
21. Certeyne landes and Tents in Gussage all Halowes
pteynyng to goddes hous in the Countye off Southt
(sic), xix//. xs. xd., wherof in Rentes resolute, none,
And so remayn xix//. xs. xd., Ornamentes Jewelles
plate or other goodes, none
22 (114.) The Chauntrye of langton otherwise callid langbland-
ford callid Gybbons Chauntrye in the pishe churche
ther, vij//. wherof in Rentes resolute, none, And so
remayn vij//.
Ij paire of vestm ts , iij old Alter clothes ijs. \jd.
23 (115.) The ffreechappell of westhemsworthe, iiij//., wherof in
Rentes resolute, none, And so remayn th iiij//.
Ornam ts , Jewelles, plate or other goodes, none
24 (no.) The college or ffreechappell of o r SoQaigne lord the
king in Wymborne mynst, Ij//. vs. vjd. wherof in
Rentes resolute vj//. xiijs. iiijd., In ffees vj//. v]s.
viijd. And so remayn xxxviij//. vs.
Ornam ts , Jewelles, plate or other goodes, none
25 (108.) The Office of the Sextyne in the College of Wymborne,
viij//. xvijs. ijd. wherof in Rentes resolute iij//. xiiijj.
xd. And so remayn th Cijs. iiijd.
Ornamentes, Jewelles, plate or other goodes, none
p me Johem Hannam
Fo. %d.
26 (107.) The Chauntrye in the said College callyd Radcottes
Chauntrye, v//. xiijs. iiijd., wherof in Rentes resolute
vd. ob, And so remayn v//. xijr. xd. ob
Ornamentis, Jewelles, plate & other goodes, none
27 (109.) The greate Chauntrye in the said College callid
Brenbrys chunty, xxxiiij/z'. vij.9. vd., wherof in Rentes
resolute x//. ijs. iiijd. And so remayn xxiiij//. vs. jd.
Jewelles, iij challices, pez Iv onz. Ornamentes, iij
payre of old vestm ts , vjs., ij table bordes, j ladder, ijs.
222 DORSET CHANTRIES.
Itm j challice belonginge to Seint James, pez v onz,
ij basons of sylu & gilt gyven to the kinges ma tie by
the pishoners of wimborne foresaid, pez 1 onzes =
viij^. Cx onzes
28 (106.) The Chauntrye of margaret countisse of Richemonde
and Darbye mother of King Henry vij th , xj/z'. xv'\]s.
iiijV., wherof in Rentes resolute xvs. iijd ob, And so
remayn xj/z'. ijs. ob.
Ornamentes, Jewelles, plate or other goodes, none
29 (no.) The first pbend in the said College callyd the first
Staulle, xviij/z'. xs., whereof in Rentes resolute, x/z'.,
And so remayne th viij/z'. xs.
Ornamentes, Jewelles, plate or other goodes, none
(no.) The seconde pbend in the said College callid the
seconde staulle, xviij/z., wherof in Rentes resolute
x/z'. iiijj. xd. And so remayne th vij/z'. xvs. ijd.
Ornamentes, Jewelles, plate or other goodes, none
The thirde pbend in the said College callyd the thirde
Staulle, xxiij/z., wherof in Rentes resolute x/z'. iiijj-.
xd., And so remayn xij/z'. xvs. ijd.
Ornamentys, Jewelles, plate or other goodes, none
(in.) The fourthe pbend in the said College callyd the
fourthe Staulle, xvij/z'. vs. xjd. wherof in Rentes
resolute x/z'. iiijj. xd., And so remayn vii/z'. xiijd.
Ornamentys, Jewellis, plate or other goodes, none
30# (113.) The Chauntrye in Holte, Cvjs. viijV., whereof in
Rentis resolutes, none, and so remayn Cvjs. viijV.
Ornamentys, Jewellis, plate or other goodes, none
p me Robertum medcaulff, p me Johe Hannam.
Fo. 4.
The ffraterntye of Seynt George yn Poole, xxxs. xd.
whereof in Rentes resolute iij^. viiijV, And so
remayn xxvij^. ijd.
Ornamentes, Jewelles, plate or other goodes, none
DORSET CHANTRIES. 223
31. Certeine landes and Tenementes gyven for the mayne-
teniice of diuse obbittes and lightes w*in diuse pishe
Churches w*in the said Deanrye, xxjs., whereof in
Rentes resolute iujs. iiijd., And so remayn xvjs.
vmd.
Ornamentes, Jewelles, plate or other goodes, none
32. Certen stockes of kyen Shepe and monye in the pishes
of Gussage Mich'is, hampston, Tarrannte Kingeston,
Hanley, Pympne, Longcrechill, Edmondeshm,
Chettill, more Crechill, & ham mone, as hereafter
ensewithe, xti. iijs. iiijd., ^fiiij- shepe and
xv kyne, That is to say In kyen and shepe at
Gussage mich'is, xxx shepe, xxxs. ; Hmpston, j
cowe xiijs. iiijW. ; Tarrante Kingston, j cowe viiijs. ;
Hanley, j cows vjs. viijd. ; Fympne, ij kyne xvs. ;
longe Crechell, 1 shepe Is. iij kyne xxj. ; Edmondshm,
kyne j cow, vijs. ; chettill, j cowe vjs. viijW. ; More
Crechill, v kyne xb., iij shepe vjs. viijV. x//. iijj.
iiijV. Money at Gussage Mich'is, xxvjV. viijV. ;
Hammone, iijs. iiijd. ; longe Crechill, xlijj. iiijV. =
x/z'. iijj-. iiijd.
DECANAT. DE WHITCHURCH.
33 (74.) The Chauntrye of our blessid ladye w*in the Churche
of Wotton Glanvylde, yj/z'. xviijj., wherof in Rents
resolute, none, And so remayn vjV/. xviijj-.
Ornam ts & Jewells, j challice, pez ix onz di., ij paire of
old vestm ts & ij Alter clothes ij^. xd.
34 (75.) The chappell wHn the mansyon of the Manor of
Canfforde, x//., wherof in Rents resolute, none,
And so remayn x/z'.
Jewells & ornam ts , j challice pez vj onz, iij spones of
sylu pez ij onz di., j pewter dishe, j paire of old
vestm ts , iijs. iiijd.
224 DORSET CHANTRIES.
35 (76.) The Chauntrye of lychet matraus, callid Gybbons
Chauntrye, xk., wherof in Rentes resolute, none,
And so remayn xls.
Ornam ts , Jewells, plate or other goodes, none
p me Johem Hannam
Fo.
36 (77.) Three chauntryes in lychett matraus gyven to the pson
to fynde three prystes ther, xviij/Y. xijj. ixd., wherof
in Rents resolute, vj.r. ijd. t And so remayn xviij/z'. vjj.
vijd.
Ornaments, Jewells, plate or other goodes, none
37. Certeine landes and Tenementis gyven for the mayneten-
ance of diuse Obytts & lightes w*in diuse churches
the said Deanrye, xxxvijj-. iiijd. t wherof in Rents
resolute, none, And so remayn xxxvij-y. ii\]d.
Ornaments, Jewells or other goodes, none.
38. Certeine stockes of Kyne shepeand money in the pishes
of flynyet nevell, Iberton, wyntborne Kingston, block-
esforde, pydle hynton, Stickland, pydle Trenthed,
buckland, Stouremyst mshall, Doreweston And
Ockeford shilling xxs. ]d., xxvj Kyen, one wenlinge,
Ixviij shepe, That is to say In Kyen & shepe at
ffyfiet nevell, iiij kyne, xlj. ; Iberton, ix kyen iiij/z'.
ijs., xij shepe, xxj. ; wyntbone Kingston, iiij shepe,
vjs. viijW., j co we viijs. ; blockesforde, iiij shepe, vs.
iiijd. ; pydlehynton, vj shepe vijs. ; Stickeland, j
cowe, viijj. ; pydell Trenthed, xl shepe xb. ; Buck-
londe, vj kyen Ixs. ; Stouremynst mshall, vj shepe,
vjs., iiij kyne, xlj., wenlinge iijs. \\.\]d. ; doreweston, j
cowe vijj. = xvj/z'. x'ujs. iiijd.
Money at Ocfford Shillinge, xiijj. iiijd. ; Sturmynst
msshall, vjs. ixd. = xx^. jd.
p me Robertum Meatcaulf, p me Johem Hannam
DORSET CHANTRIES. 225
Fo. S .
DECANAT. DE BIRTPORTE. *
39 (56.) The Chauntrye of Beamyster in the pysshe Churche of
Beamyster, vj/z'. iij.?. \\\]d., wherof in Rents resolute,
\]d. And so remayri vj/z'. i\]s. iid.
One challice, pez vij onzes, Certen Ornaments viijs. iiijV.
4 (57-) The Chauntrye of netherburye of the foundacyon of
Thomas Powlet, vj/z'. xvjs. viijV., wherof in Rents
resolute, xxs., And so remayn Cxvjj. viijV.
Ornamentys, Jewells, plate or other goodes, none
41 (63.) The ffrechappell of Kyngston, x/z'. vjs. viij</., wherof in
Rents resolute, Ivs. iiijW., And so remayne th vij/z'. xjs.
\\\]d.
Ornamentis, Jewellis, plate or other goodes, none
42 (65.) The ffreechapell of Stertehyll, iiij/z'. wherof in Rents
resolute, none, And so remayn iiijVz'.
Ornamentys, Jewells, plate or other goodes, none
43 (66.) The ffreechappell of Seint Elen yn Chillffrome, vj/z'.
vij^., wherof in Rents resolute, xijV., And so remayn
vj/z'. \}s.
One challice pez xj onzes, Certeine ornaments \}s.
44 (67.) The ffreechapell of Gorton, iiij/z'. xs., wherof in Rents
resolute, xs., And so remayn iiij/z'.
Ornaments, Jewells, plate or other goods, none.
45 (64.) The Chauntrye of Abbotesburye callid Claptons chuntry,
Cviij,?. mjd. t wherof in Rentis resolute, none, And so
remayn, Cviij.r. i\\]d.
Ornaments, Jewells, plate or other goods, none
46 (68.; The ffreechapell or psonage of wytherston, liijs. iirjW.,
wherof in Rents resolute, none, And so remayn liij.r.
i\\]d.
Ornamentys, Jewells, plate or other goodes, none
* This heading precedes No. 38 in the original document, which is a mistake
since all the places mentioned in No. 38 are in the Deanery of Whitchurch.
22 6 DORSET CHANTRIES.
47 (69.) The chappell or psonage of wambrooke, vijlz. iiijs. iiijd.,
wherof in Rents resolute, none, And so remayn vij//.
iiijs. iiijd.
Ornaments, Jewells, plate or other goodes, none.
48 (59.) The Chauntrye of Saint michell in Birtporte callid
Mondaynes Chuntry. xij//. xiiijj. ixd., wherof in
Rents resolute, vs. Hid., And so remayneth xij// ix.r.
yd.
One challice, pez x onzes, ornaments xs. t j bell vjs.
viijd., ij old candelstickes vjd.
p me Robertu Medcaulf, p me Johem Hannam.
Fo. $d.
49 (6 1.) The hospittalle of Seint Jones yn Birteporte, vj//. xvj.
viijd. t wherof in Rents resolute, xvjs. t And so
remayn th Cxixj. viijd.
One challice & one gold Ringe, pez xij onzes, ij lytle
bells xxs. f certeine ornaments xxd.
50 (60.) The Chauntrye of our ladie \v*in the pysshe Churche of
Birteporte, Ciiijj., whereof in Rents resolute, none,
And so remayn Ciijs.
One Challice pez vj onz, Ornaments, Jewells or other
goodes, none
51 (62.) The house or hospytall of Leypars callid Marye Magda-
lene in Athlington nere Birteporte, vj//. viijj. iiijV.,
wherof in Rents resolute, none, And so remayn vj//.
viijj., iiijd.
One challice pez vj vnzes, ij paire of old vestm ts & ij
candelsticks, viijd., ij bells pee xxs.
52 (58.) The chauntrye of Seinte Katheryne in the pisshe
Churche of Byrteporte, Cxviijf. iiijd. f wherof in Rents
resolute, none, And so remayn Cxviij.?. iiijd.
One Challice pez xviij onz iij qrte, ij paire of old
vestm ts iijs. iiijd. , Certeine other orname* 8 w 1 diuse
pcells of Implementys vs.
DORSET CHANTRIES. 22J
53. Certeine landes callid holdyche meade & Avense in the
pisshe of Chardestock, of the yerelye value of x/z'.,
And certeine other lands yn Wolmyngton, of the
yerelye value of xlr., and certen other lands callid
Garnetts pytte of the yerelye value of iiij/z'. vjs. viijW.,
Yn all xvj/z'. vj.y. viijV., wherof in Rents resolute out
of the land callid holdiche meade, to the lorde
Cobhm vj/z'. xiijj. iiijV.
Also out of the land callid Garnetts pytt to the
Bishope of Sar duringe his lyfe xxs.
Also to theyres of Mr. Wolmyngton out of the lands
called Wolmymgton xxs, And so remayfi vij/z'. xiijs.
One challice pez ix vnzes, one pax of Sylu pez ij vnzes,
xij spones, viij vnzes, j paire of vestm ts w* other stuffe
iijs. iiijV.
p me Robertum Medcaulf, p me Johem Hannam
Fol. 6.
54. Certeine Stockes of Kyne and shepe at the pysshes of
lyme Regis, langton hering, Beamyster, lytton, power-
stoke and Mayden Newton, x/z'. xs. \\\]d. ; 1 shepe &
iij kyne, That ys to saye In Monye at lyme Regis
x/z'. ; langton hering, xs. iiijV. ; Kyen & shepe at
Beamyster, j cow vijj. ; lytton, j cow xiijj. iiijV. ;
powerstocke, j cow xs. ; mayden newton, 1 shepe, 1^. ;
Stockland j challice j pax of sylu pez ix onzes, vest-
mentys ij^.
5 5 . Certeine landes and Tenementes gy ven for the mayneten-
annce of Obbyttes, lampes, lightes and masses in
diuse pishes w*in the saide deanrye, Cvijs. xd., wherof
in Rents resolue, vjj. viijW., And so remayfi Cjs. \]d.
Ornamentys, Jewells, plate or other goods, none
p me Robertum Medcaulff, p me Johe Hannam
228 DORSET CHANTRIES.
Sfii To tis Annur. Valoris Omr. teif & possess, ad Colleg.
Cant. lib. Capell &c infra pdcm Comitate Dors.
p'tinen siue Spectan, Dcxxxj//. jd., Wherof in Rents.
resolute ~* xiiijli. vujs. ijd., And so rem Dxxxj/z'.
xjs. xjd.
Ornaments, viijti. vs. iiijd. plate xxij vncs, j pa
Annuliide Auro.Stoks of money Cxij/. xixs. Stooks of
Catall .... xix/z'. vi\s.
inj J
THE COUNTI OF DORS.
Fo. i.
A breif Certificate of all and Singulr Colligs, Hospitalles,
ffratnyties Guyldes Brotherheads and Stipendaryes as bene in the
Kyngs Ma ts hands by the late Acte of Pliament not onely all the
Names of the said Colliges Chatmtries Hospitalls fratnyties
Guyldes brother Heads and Stipendaryes With the yerely value
of the same But also the deduccofis Repriss and Clere remayne
of the same And Howe moche therof Dothe remayne to the
Maisters Gouners and incumbents of the same And also What
preachers Beadmen Power people and Gramer scoles haith ben
heretofore founde and relevyd by the same as hereafter pticulerly
y i apperith That is to say
DECANATUS DE BRYDPORTE.
56. Cantia in ecclia pochiali de Beamist, Johes Myntern
incumbens ibm vj/z. iijs. iiijd., wherof Deducted for
rent resolute ijd., for the x th , xijs. And so reman
Clere Cxjj. ijd., All whiche said Some of Cxjs. ijd.
the Sayd incumbent receyued yerely to his owne
vse. There is nother pcher, Gramer Scole, Power
people nor Beadmen, founde or relevyd of the
pmysses as in the certificate exhibited to the kings
Comission apperith (Penc. Cs)
DORSET CHANTRIES. 229
57. Cantia de Netherburye in ecclia de Netherburye, Johes
Neweton, incumben ibm, vij/z'. xiijj. iiijV., wherof
deducted for money Payde for the obbyte of the
funder And distributed amongest the powre people
xxs. And for the x th xs. ixd. ob.q. And so Reman
Clere vj/z'. ijs. vjd.q. All whiche he receyued yerely
of henry Powlet & mary his Wif but oute of what
lands he he (sic) knowithe not.
Ther is a Cramer Scole kepte by S r Martyn Smythe preste
and receuys for his wagis Cvjs. viijd. yerelye by thands
of John Herne and Henry Sawe, Ther is no power
people releved nor yet precher founde of the pmysses.
58. Cantia Ste Katine infra eccliam pochialem de Brytporte
Willm Sturbrige incubens Cxviij^. i'ujd. x ma inde xs.
jd.q. So Reman Cviijj. ijd. ob.q. All whiche the said
incumbent receyued yerely to his Owne vse as in the
certificate exhibited to the Kyngs Comyssions it
Appereth (Penc. Cs)
59. Cantia Sti Michis voc mundyns in Brytporte, Johes Marye
& Johes Baker incuben. xij/z'. xiiij-r. ixd. Wherof
deducted for rent resolute vjs. iijd. x ma xxs. vjd. ob.q.
And so Reman Clare xj/z'. vijj. xjd. q. All whiche the
said ij prests receyued towards ther lyvings the one
beyng resident and thother not resident
(Penc. eor. utriusq. Cs.)
60. Mo m that this was omyttid in writing and therefore put last
in the Document (?)
Cantia bte marie infra ecclia pochialem De Britporte
Wills. Hamonde incuben Ciij^. iiijd. x ma xd. Reman
iiij/z'. xiijs. iiijd. Memor d that ther is no lands Apptey-
nyng to this Chauntry but iijj. liijV. for a litle howse
w* a garden thevnto belonging but alweys was founde
by the bailes of Brytporte at their pleasor and ther is
no foundacon of the same As by ther certificat
exhibyted to the Kings Comyssions it apperith.
(Penc. iiij/z'. xiijj. iiijV.)
30 JDORSET CHANTRIES.
61. Hospitle sci Johis Bapte in Briport Willms Charde incum-
bens ibm, vij/z'. xvjs. \i]d. wherof deducted for rent
resolute xs. xd. x ma dno Regi Res (?) xvjs. vijd. ob.
And so Reman Clere \jti. viijj. ixd. ob, All whiche
the incumbent ther yerelye receyued to his Owen vse
In all whiche chuntres and hospitall [No. 58-61] ther
is nother Gramer Scole Pfecher nor any power
people or Beadmen relevyd of the said pmysses as in
ther Seuall certificats exhibited to the kings Comys-
sions it apperith (Penc. Cs)
62. Domus siue hospitle leprosor de Athlyngton ppe vill de
Brytporte, Robtus Blakwell incumbens, vii/z'. viij.?. iiijW.
This Hospitall was ordeyned for the releif of lepers
and lazar men And to one priste to say masse and
other suice before them the pfits wherof the preist
haith for his Stipend or Salary And the power men
lyvithe by Almese of the Towne and other.
(Penc. viij/z'.)
Fo. yd.
63. Liba Capella sci Jacobi in Kyngston Russell, Rogerus
Bonde incuben ibm, xli. vjs. v'ujd. wherof deducted
for rent resolute Ivs. \\\]d. x ma xij^. jd. ob. And so
Reman Clere vj/Y. xjxs. ijd. ob, Ail Whiche the said
incumbent receyued yerely to his Own vse, Ther is no
pcher Beadmen nor power people relevid nor founde
of the pmissez nor no gramer Scole kepte ther
Memor d that the pishofis of Kyngston clame yt to be a
pishe Churche and no free Chappell and that within
this xl h yeres all devyn suyce was done ther as
apperith by ther certificat And that the pson therof
alweis allowed to the pson of longbredy to haue
devyn suyce ther iiij/z'. by yere (Penc. vi/z'.)
64. Cantia vocat Claptons Chuntry, Thomas Joskyns incumbent
Cviijj. iiijV. x ma xj. viijd. Reman iiij//. xvijj. viijrf.
DORSET CHANTRIES. 23 I
This incumbent is payed his Salarye or Stipend by
the Kyngs Ma tie out of the possessiones of the late
Monastye of Abbottsburye for somoche as the said
Chuntrye was founded within the said late Mon And
ther is no lands Appteynyng to the same excepte a
howse and a litle garden whiche was valued in the
first certificat at xxd. by yere (Penc. vj//'.)
65. Liba Capella de Stertyill als voc Seynt luks chappell infra
pocham de Burton, Thomas Smythe incumben, iiij/z'.
x ma vijs. ixd. ob.q Reman \xxijs. ijd. q, All whiche the
said incumbent yerely receyued to his owne vse
(Penc. Ixxijj. ijd.)
66. Liba Capella see Elene de Chilfrome, Johes Swanne
incumbens ibm, vj//'. vijj-. Wherof deducted for rent
resolute xijd. And so Reman Clere vj/i*. vjs. All
whiche the said incumbent yerely receyued towards
his Owne lyving (Penc. Cs)
67. Liba Capella de Gorton infra poch de porteshm, Johes
Willoughby, incumbens, iiij/i. xs. Wherof deducted
for rent Resolute xs. x ma viijj. and so Reman Clere
iijlt. xijs. Whiche the said incumbent yerely Receyued
to his owne vse (Penc. Ixxijj.)
68. Liba Capella Siue Rectoria de Wytherston, Wills Mone
incumbens ibm., liijj. iiijd. All Whiche the said
incumbent receyueth to his owne vse And allegith it
to be a psonage and no free Chappell And W*in the
said Chappell ther is no devyne suice said at day
tyme But the pishoners haith all suche at the pishe
Churche of powerstocke being Distant A myle from
the said Chappell (Penc. liijs. iiijd.)
69. Capella siue Rtoria de Wamebroke, Henricus Stapull,
incuben ibm, viij//., iij^. All whiche thincumbent ther
receyueth to his owne vse And saith that yt is a
psonage and ther is w th in the said psonage (sic) of
Wamebroke Ix and mo howseling people as it
Apperith in ther certificate.
232 DORSET CHANTRIES.
In all whiche Chappells and psonages [Nos. 65 to 69]
ther is nother power people nor Beadmen relevid nor
eny Grain Scole nor preacher founde of the pmisses
as in ther Seuall certificat it will appere
70. Obbitus Robti Garnett foundat. in ecclia pochial de Lytton
iiijj. viijd. wherof deducted for rent resolute xijd.
And so Reman Clere iijj. viijV. Wherof is geven to y e
Curate for Sayng masse & dirige viijW. And iijj.
residewe distributed to the power people
Memor d that this was foundid by S r Robte Garnett preist
deceased to contenu for .... yeres And after to
remayne to theires of the said S r Robte Garnett
(To the pore
71. Seruicm bte Marie in lyme Rs. fundat p dius psonas
xxxviijj. xjd. All the said lands appteynyng to the
said suice was geven to the maynteniiee of o r lady
Suice in lyme Rs. abouesaid to the fynding of a
clerke and Children as in ther certificate it will
appere
72. Cert. terr. vocat Holdiche meade & Avefise iacen in poch
de Chardestoke Annui valoris xlt ac cert. terr. in
Woolmyngton Annui valoris x\s. necnon cert. terr.
vocat Garnespitttes Annui valoris iiijh'. vjs. viijd. in
toto p Annu xlijh'. vjs. viijd. Wherof deducted oute of
the lands called holdiche maede & Avenerse to the
Lorde Cobhme vj/z'. xiijs. iiijd. Also oute of the
lands called Gernespittes During the lif of the
Busshope of Sar xxs. And also oute of the lands
lyeng in Wolmyngton to Theires of Robte Wolmyng-
ton xxs. And so Reman Clere vijti. xiiis. iiijd. All
whiche were ymployed to the mayntenfice or fynding
of a preist At Will viz., oute of the lands called
holdiche mead & Avenarse \xvjs. viijd., oute of the
lands in Woolmyngton xxs. And oute of the lands
called Garnetts pits IxvLr. viijd.
DORSET CHANTRIES. 233
Memor d that the said lands called holdiche mead and
Avenerse were taken of the lorde Cobhni by Willm
Cokesden Willm Billing and John Colman for tme
of ther lyves & the longest lyver of them paing to the
said lorde Cobhm vj/i*. xiij^. iiijV. over & besids lxvj>r.
viijW. pd to the preist afre menconed And after to
remayne to the said lorde Cobhni and to his heires
for ever As in an Indent to them made it will appere
Also the said lands in Wolmyngto were geven by
Robte Wolmyngton to contenewe for xx t! yeres as in
a dede made in vigil bte marie Anno xxviij" imp. Rs
henrici viij it will appere
Fo. 8.
73. Cert. terr. & tents iac in Stockelande dat p sustentar Stipend
Johnes Kilburye nup. Incubens ibm, \vjs. All wych was
yerly payde onto the said Sir John towardes his
Stipend over and beside the devocon of the pishioners
(Penc. IVJ.T.)
(To be concluded.}
Ancient
of
By W. de C. PRIDEAUX.
' PART III.
YETMINSTER ST. ANDREW.
SIR JOHN and LADY HORSEY, of Clifton Maubank.
" JTCHIS brass is now lying loose at the Rector's house
at East Chelborough." Names, 1847.
"John Horsey, Esq., for the body to
Henry VIII., lord of the manor of Clifton,
1531, and wife Elizabeth, lady of the manor
of Turges Melcombe, sister and heiress of
Robert Turges, Esq., the son and heir of
Richard Turges, Esq., with scrolls at sides.
(relaid ?)." Names, 1861.
"A fine brass to Sir John Horsey in complete
armour, belonging to the Church (Yetminster), but not now
affixed in any part of it." Hutchins, Vol. IV., p. 456.
Position at the present time. Fixed to a slab against the south
wall of the south aisle of Yetminster Church at the expense of
Major Horsey, 1891. With reference to, and as a probable
explanation of, the chronicled movements of this fine brass to
its present resting-place, I will quote Hutchins as follows :
ANCIENT MEMORIAL BRASSES OF DORSET. 23$
"The present parsonage house (of Lucomb als. East
Chelborough) was built by the Rev. Blakley Cooper, M.A.,
of Wadham College, the Rector and then patron of the living,
in the year 1832. He was at that time (instituted 1809) resident
Vicar of Yetminster, but during the Reform Bill riots, becoming
unpopular at that place, he took up his residence at East
Chelborough."
Size. Figures, 38in. in height ; inscription, 41 in. by 5f in.
Heraldry. Two shields remain, 5fin. by 6|in., bearing the
following arms :
1. Quarterly ist and 4th, azure, three horses' heads, couped
or, bridled gules,* Horsey. 2nd and 3rd, Barry wavy
of eight f arg. and sable, a saltaire or, Malbanck.
2. The same, impaling Azure a chevron between three
cross-crosslets fitchee or, within a bordure engrailed
of the second, Turges.
Description. Sir John Horsey is bare-headed, and has the
long hair of the period ; he wears a collar of mail, a cuirass
richly chased with scroll work, having pauldrons, the right being
the larger; on both are passe-gardes. His coutes are alike in
size [cf. John Dauntesay, Esq., 1559, West Lavington Church,
and John Baynton, Esq., 1516, Bromham Church, in the
adjoining county of Wiltshire, both having the left nearly twice
the size of right]. His genoullieres and anelace J are large ;
brassarts and vambraces are plain. His hands, without gauntlets,
are raised in attitude of prayer. He has a short skirt of taces,
having two fluted tuilles dependent from it, and beneath all a
skirt of mail. His legs are encased in fluted jambs , on his feet
* Tinctures given by Haines and possibly visible in his day ; but given in HarJ.
MS. 1,160, fo. 86: Azure three horses' heads couped and bridled or; and in
Harl. MS. 5,827 (as copied in Baring Gould's Armory of the West} Az. three
horses' heades arg : raynes and bridles or.
f Agreeing with Harl. MS. 1,166, fo. 86.
J" An anelace and a gipciere all of silk hung at his girdle, white as morwe
milk" (from the description of a knight's costume in the prologue to The Canter-
bury Tales}.
ANCIENT MEMORIAL BRASSES OF DORSET. 237
lord of v e scid Turgcs IDekombc which John dcptid v c
viii day ot July ye ycf of o* lord mt yc XXXI and
Elizabeth dcptid v c day of y c yer'
of lord vjcd H)t Vf on whose scales 3bu haue
mercy amen
Although the Horsey family has been connected with Dorset
from an early period, their ancestral dwelling-place was, no
doubt, in Somerset, for they were settled near Bridgwater before
the time of Henry II., and in that reign were owners of the
Manor of Horsey ; they also held the Manor of Leigh Powlett, in
Devon, and were connected with Exeter. One of the family, of
Exon, bore the well-known Az. three horses' heads argent,
reins and bridles or, (B.M. Cottonian MS. Faustina E, iii.,
Part i).
Ralph Horsey, of Horsey, one of the collectors of subsidies
for Somerset, had a son, John, who by his marriage with Elena,
daughter and heiress of Philip Maubank, of Clifton (died
9 Henry VI.), became connected with Dorset and made Clifton
Maubank "their principal seat" (Coker). Thomas Horsey, his
grandson, married Elena, daughter of John Fitzjames, of
Redlinch, County Somerset (died 8 Edward IV.), John, his son
and heir, age 6.
Sir John Horsey (died 1531), married Elizabeth, daughter of
Richard Turges, of Melcombe, and was esquire of the body to
Henry VIII. Their son, Sir John Horsey, who married Joan,
daughter of .... Maudlin, added greatly to the family
estates. In 1539 the Priory of Longleat was sold by the Crown
to him, and in 1540 he resold it to Sir J. Thynne (the first of the
family who came into Wilts to reside). The property then sold
consisted of about 100 acres, with an old dwelling-house, priory,
orchard, and garden, and was valued at $3. He died in 1546,
and was buried at Sherborne in the north aisle. His daughter,
Eleanor, married Sir Thomas Trenchard, of Wolfeton, and his
grand-daughter, Grace Trenchard, married Sir John Strangwayes.
238 ANCIENT MEMORIAL BRASSES OF DORSET.
With Sir John Horsey, who died s.p. 1589, that branch of the
Horseys ended. His relative, Ralph Horsey, of Diggleswell,
Herts, then succeeded to the properties, and by his indis-
cretions* and those of his son, Sir George Horsey, who married
Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Freke, of Shroton, the property
of the Horseys was alienated, a fragment only remaining to his
son (in Thornford), 1637-1638.
* "It is not improbable that much of his money went in the speculation of
making iron with pit coal by Dudley Dudley and other partners under a Patent,
14 Car. I., of which see an account in Dudley's ' Metallum Martio, 1665.' "
Shaw's History of Staffordshire, Vol. II., p. 1.
By H. COLLEY MARCH, M.D., F.S.A.
', HROUGH the promptitude and energy of Capt. Acland,
our Curator, aided by generous pecuniary support,
the Durngate Street Mosaic is now happily placed
on the floor of the County Museum. It bears
a striking, general resemblance to that brought
from Olga Road. They are obviously of the
same period, and may even be by the same
artist.
The tesselation we have now to consider, displays the various
designs that we may conveniently distinguish as i. The Meander
fret. 2. The Cable, a twist of two strands. 3. A Braid or
Plait of three strands. 4. The Guilloche, a series of interlaced
loops. 5. The Fylfot fret. 6. The Duplex. 7. A circular
floriated Centre, of cruciform treatment, unsymmetrically dis-
posed, and surrounded by rays developed from the Meander.
8. An Etruscan Amphora in each of the four corners. These
urns differ in detail from each other. Out of one of them
spread phyllomorphic elements ; twin sprays ascend from the
base of the second ; and from each of the others issue a pair
of crested snakes, which protrude vibrant and forked tongues.
240 ROMAN PAVEMENTS.
In respect of the material, the red tesserae are of brick, and
the others, the white, the blue-grey, the yellow, and the black,
are all of local stones.
To have written the foregoing is to have involved myself at
the outset, in a maze of controversial subjects from which I
now proceed to extricate myself.
Tessera. The meaning of the word tessera was not originally
that of a die or cube. It seems easy to associate it with the
Greek reo-o-opcs, four, though the connection is denied by some
philologists.
Many years ago there was found in Monmouthshire a stone
bearing this inscription PRIMVSTES/ERA an abbreviation,
doubtless, of the words Primus Tesserarius, the designation of a
military officer, a centurion, whose duty it was by the authority of
a square billet of wood, a sort of tally of which the fellow was
kept by the general in command, and which was called a tessera,
to communicate his orders in secret to the men of his company.
Pliny records that Palamedes, who fought in the Trojan war,
was the first who co-ordinated an army by means of signals,
tesserae, and sentinels.* Livy (d. A.D. 17), speaking of the
secret reinforcement of Nero's army, says that a tessera was sent
through the camp, ordering that each officer should receive a
corresponding officer, each horseman a horseman, and each
footsoidier a footsoldier.f And Virgil writes " Now bugles
blow ; the tessera, the sign for war, goes forth." \
Similar billets of wood, with a square transverse section, but
perhaps longer than those of military service, and also called
tesserae, were used as tallies in the commercial world. Plautus
(d. B.C. 184) shows this when he says "Each of the two men
* Ordinem exercitus, signi dationem, tesseras, vigilias Palamedes invenit
Trojano bello. Pliii. VII., 56. Dat tessera signum excubiis, positaeque vices.
Statius (died A.D. 86). Thebaidos 10.17.
t Tessera per castra, at Livio consule, data erat, ut tribunus tribunum, centurio
centurionem, eques equitem. pedes peditem, acciperet. Liv. XXVII., 46.
J Classica jamque sonant ; it bello tessera signum. JEn. VII., 637.
ROMAN PAVEMENTS. 241
has his own tessera, the account is bound to be right Suum
uterque habet tesseram, ratio constat."
In like manner a piece of wood called a tessera was given to
departing guests by their host who retained the corresponding
tally by which he might know, receive, and entertain them
should they, or their successors, ever return. This constituted
"the right of hospitality," and when it was transgressed the
tessera was said to be broken.*
And Pliny observes that for making tallies, the wood of the
Privet is very useful Ligustra tesseris utilissima (XVI. 18).
The "tessera consularis " was a small oblong piece of ivory
or bone, with four faces, each of which bore part of an
inscription. This tessera was given to a " Spectator numorum,"
an examiner of money ; and the inscription set forth his name,
and the date on which his duty was to be discharged.
Thus : Floronius | Romanus S P Kalendis Decembribus |
Lucio Caninio Quinto Fabricio consulibus | that is, Spectator
on the first of December, B.C., 2.
Tickets for corn were made of wood, or sometimes of lead,
and were issued to poor citizens the unemployed, as we should
say. They were called tesserae, as by Juvenal (d. A.D., 120),
when he warns a rhetorician to abandon his unremunerative
profession, to become an unemployed person, that he may get
the pitiful dole of wheat that the miserable tessera procures. f
Persius (d. A.D., 24), too, refers to this custom, but he uses the
diminutive lesserula perhaps to increase the scorn of his
assertion that true liberty w r as something higher than the
* Plautus (d. B.C. 184).
Poenulus V., 2.
Agor. Ego sum ipsus, quern tu quseris.
Pocn. Si ita est, tesseram si vis hospitalem eccam attuli.
Agor. Agedum hue ostende. Est par probe : nam habeo domi.
Ib. II., 1.
Cist. Hie apud nos confregisti tesseram.
f" Summula ne pereat, qua vilis tessera venit
Frumeuti. Sat. VII., 174.
242 ROMAN PAVEMENTS.
privilege that any freedman possessed, of claiming mouldy
grain on the production of his trumpery ticket, his tesserula.*
Tickets or "tesserae theatrales" were used for giving admission
to the games of the circus or amphitheatre, and though usually
of wood, they were sometimes of red ware, and were marked or
stamped with numbers indicating the position of the seat to
which the holder was entitled.
The word was further used to denote the large square patterns
sometimes woven into the pallium, for Pliny observes that
Zeuxis, a celebrated painter, became so rich and ostentatious
that on the very tesserae, on the square tartans of his cloaks, he
had his name embroidered in letters of gold.f But squares or
tesserae of this size were too large to give their name to a chequer-
board, and Juvenal uses the diminutive tessella when he exclaims,
as proof of his poverty, " I possess not a scrap of ivory ; neither
my tessellae, my playing board, nor my men are of this material.''!
We incidentally get some idea of the size connoted by this
diminutive, the tessella, since Pliny in his Book on Cultivated
trees speaks of grafting and says that a scutcheon of the bark
must be remembered, " exempta scutula cortici," of which Cato
had described the very dimensions. The scutcheon when taken
off by the knife should be four fingers in length [Cato says 3^]
and three in breadth [or about 3 inches by 2 inches] ; and then,
a few lines farther on, in describing a similar process, he uses
the word tessella instead of scutula, " exempta cortice tessella."
But he must have thought the word appropriate to small
squares, for in his account of the mineral androdamas, he says it
* Scabiosum tesserula far possidet ;
Pers. Sat. V., 74.
f Opes quoque tantas acquisivit, ut in ostentatione earum, Olympiae aureis
literis in palliorum tesseris intextum nomen suum ostentarit. Plin. XXXV., 9.
J Adeo nulla uncia nobis
Est eboris, nee tessellse nee calculus ex hac
Materia. Jw.Sat. XI., 131.
Cortices scalpro excidi quatuor digitorum longitudine et trium latitudine.
Plin. XVII., 16.
ROMAN PAVEMENTS. 243
has a silvery lustre and is always quadrangular like tessellse,*
though, perhaps, it is the shape and not the size that he com-
pares.
No one could have been more familiar with the beautiful
Mosaic pavements of Pompeii than was Pliny himself, who
perished on the 24th August, in the year of Christ 79, by the
volcanic eruption which destroyed that city. He must have seen,
for example, in the house of Pansa, the Mosaic of the Battle of
Issus, which was composed, when perfect, of 1,384,000 cubes of
diverse material, or, on an average, of about 86 in each square
inch.
Pliny says : " Pavements were invented by the Greeks, who
also practised the art of colouring them, till they were super-
seded by lithostrota [or mosaics]. In this kind of work Sosus
was very celebrated. [He is conjectured to have lived during
the last years of Alexander the Great, say B.C. 330.] He laid
at Pergamos [a town of Crete] a pavement composed of small
tiles and stones, parvis e testulis, variously coloured, tinctisque in
varios colores, which represented, amongst other things, a dove
drinking from a cantharus and casting the shadow of its head
upon the water; whilst others, perched on the edge, were sunning
themselves and preening their feathers." Farther on he has :
" Lithostrota [mosaic pavements] were first introduced [into
Italy] in the time of Sylla [d. B.C. 78], and there still exists at
least one of them in the Shrine of Fortune at Prseneste, which
he had made of very small segments of stone, parvulis crustis"\
* Androdamas argenti nitorem habet, quadrata semperque tessellis similis.
Plin. XXXVII., 10.
f" Pavimenta originem apud Grecos habent, elaborata arte pictures ratione,
donee lithostrota expulere earn. Celeberrimus fuit in hoc genere Sosus qui
Pergami statuit [stravit] quern vocant " asaroton cecon" [ao-dpooros O!KOS = the
unswept house] quoniam purgamenta coense in pavimento, quseque everri solent,
veluti relicta fecerat parvis e testulis [dim. a testa, a tile] tinctisque in varios
colores. Mirabilis ibi columba bibens et aquam umbra capitis infuscans.
Apricantur alise scabentes sese in canthari labro. XXX.
Lithostrota cceptavere jam sub Sylla [B.C. 82] parvulis certe cnistis, extat
hodieque, quod in Fortunes delubro Praeneste feoit. Plin. XXXVI., 25.
244 ROMAN PAVEMENTS.
Now it is a very curious thing that in the whole of Pliny's
account of these mosaics he makes no use of the words tessera,
tessella, and tesserula, though he employs the first of them, the
familiar word tessera, when he describes how roof pavements
should be constructed. He says there must be two layers of
boards crossing each other and nailed at the ends, on which
must be placed a bed of lime and pounded pot, and upon that
large squares, "ex tessera grandi," not less than two fingers
thick [1.45111.]. He does not say whether these slabs are to be
of stone or of brick.*
The omission of the last word, tesserula, must have been as
intentional as that of the others, for he remarks farther on that
the Romans soon acquired a taste for mosaic pavements, " as was
evident from the verse of Lucilius [d. B.C. 103], who observed
that oratory should be
With coloured emblems like a pavement wrought.
A.rte pavwnento atque enblemate vermiculato"
These words are absent from the Fragments of Lucilius that
have come down to us, but Cicero had quoted them 170 years
before, and rather more fully, thus :
Quam lepide lexeis composite ? ut tesserula omnes
Arte pavimento clique emblemate vermwulato.
All his words as prettily placed as though they were tesserulse
in a pavement of coloured emblems.f
Here, in the omitted portion of the very passage that Pliny cites,
is the very word he seems to require, but, instead of tesserulae,
he deliberately uses the words parvulce crustce, very small
segments of marble. J Perhaps it may be well to remind our-
selves here that museum signifies a temple or shrine to the
* Tune nucleo crasso sex digitos induci et ex tessera grandi non minus alta
duos digitos strui.Plin. XXXVI., 25.
f Deoratore, L. III., 43.
J Frequentata vero pavimenta ante Cimbricum [B.C. 101] magna gratia
animorum indicio est Lucilianus ille versus, &c. Ibid.
ROMAN PAVEMENTS. 245
Muses, and that mosaic, opus musivum, a term not used by
Pliny, means whatever pertains to the Muses ; that is, whatever
is artistic or ornamental.
The word tessera was also employed to designate the men of
a playing- board. Pliny himself mentions that brought to
Rome by Pompey, which was made of two precious stones,
three feet by two feet in area. As this table is called alveum
lusorium, it looks as if, like a solitaire board, it was provided
with holes to receive the tesserae, which may once have had
square heads, but which in later times were made cylindrical, like
those now shown. * The Greek word for dice, pipped on
all six sides, was uj3ot, whereas &<TTpayd\oi were marked on only
four sides. The Latins had the same word cubus, a cube, but
they preferred to extend the meaning of tesserae so as include
dice.
Martial (d. A.D. 143), sixty-four years after Pliny, says in an
epigram on a gaming-table, " My tesserae are counted with twice
six pips." f
At last, then, the small square facets of the units of
a Mosaic were called tesserae, while, oddly enough, tessellae
continued to denote the larger slabs. A tesserarius was a worker
with tesserae (tesserarum faciendarum artifex), and a tessellarius
was a maker of tessellae (qui tessellas facit), perhaps, much the
same thing. Then came the participle of a not-yet-existing
verb. Suetonius (who died after A.D. 117), says that Caesar
carried about with him "tessellata et sectilia pavimenta"
(Suet. 46).
And ultimately the verb itself arrived, the single example of it
occurring in a Catalogue of the Verona Museum compiled by
MafTejus in 1749, recording an inscription on a Mosaic, " Eusebia
cum suis tessellavit."
* Pompeius transtulit alveum cum tesseris lusorium e gemmis duabus latum
pedes tres, longum pedes quatuor, in eo fuit Luna Aurea pondo XXX.
Plin. XXXVII., 2.
+ Hie mihi bis seno numeratur tessera ptmcto. Mart. Epig. XIV., 17.
246 ROMAN PAVEMENTS.
In writing the above, I have followed the older antiquaries and
lexicographers, and have spelled tesselated with one 1. Whether
they did so because they called the components of a Mosaic
tesserce or dice, rather than tesseltce, square plates or slabs, and
because having an eye on the mutables r and 1, they chose to
regard tesselated with one 1 as equivalent to tesserated, given in
Bailey's Dictionary 1727, or as a contraction of tesserulated ; or
whether the word with one 1 had somehow become naturalised,
I know not. But I will name some works in which the single-1
spelling is used without alternative :
Gibbons' Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 1776.
Parker's Glossary of Architecture, 1845.
Westropp's Handbook of Archaeology, 1867.
Mollett's Dictionary of Art and Archaeology, 1883.
Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities, in
an article over the signature of James Yates, M.A.,
F.R.S., 1842.
and, most significant of all,
Skeat's Etymological Dictionary of the English Language,
1882.
And I will point out further that the scholarly translators of
classical Latin writers follow the same practice. Thus Pliny's
words, " Similiter fmnt opicata testacea," are rendered by
Bostock and Riley. "Wheat-ear [herring-bone] tesselated
[one 1] pavements are similarly done." And Suetonius's words,
already cited, " Tessellata pavimenta," with two 1's, are given by
Thomson and Forester, his translators, as ''tesselated pave-
ments," with one 1.
And I venture to remind those pedants who would drive us
back to a spelling satirised byLucilius that, at any rate for them,
these cuboids of stone must be no longer tesserae, but tessellae ;
they must say, not this tessera is white or black, but this
tessella.
ROMAN PAVEMENTS. 47
The Material of the Tesserce. Sir Robert Edgcumbe reported
to Mr. Moule (Dorchester Antiquities, p. 15), on the authority of
an Italian workman, that the white tesserae were of a stone
called Min from a quarry near Verona. Another Italian work-
man told Mr. Moule himself that the stone is called Nim, and
comes, of course, from the neighbourhood of Nimes, in the south
of France. These two statements may be regarded as mutually
destructive ; they cancel out. We may be quite sure that all the
stones in our mosaics are of local origin. The last Italian
workman that was consulted went, indeed, so far as to admit to
Captain Acland that the white tesserae were of Dorset material,
but he declared that they had been burnt to make them white,
and that in his country they were called cogoli. This term is not
recognised by Italian dictionaries, but I have ascertained that it
is a dialect word meaning pebbles or cobbles, with which in the
north of Italy country streets and lanes are paved, and that the
man who lays them is called cugulu. No doubt cogoli is
descended from the Latin calculus, a pebble or gravel-stone,
and so, like many of our own dialect words, it has more nearly
retained its original form than the corresponding term used by
polite persons, which in this case is cioftolo, and the paved road
is ciottolato.
I have had microsections made of one of each of the tesserae,
except the brick, and have presented duplicates to the museum.
And I am able to affirm that the white tesseras are of native,
unburnt, hard chalk. Chalk does not need to be burnt to make
it white, nor would burning harden it. The section shows the
delicate foraminiferae characteristic of that formation, as well as
a minute vein of calcite, certainly untouched by heat. It appears
that some of the Dorset chalk is so hard as to be classed by Mr.
Strahan (Survey of Weymouth, p. 236), among road metals.
Mr. Harrison (Geology of the Counties, p. 67), says that in
Devonshire the bottom layer of the lower white chalk is largely
quarried for building, and, though soft when extracted, it rapidly
hardens on exposure to the air. In the neighbourhood of
Cattistock, and even in Dorchester, many houses are built of
248 ROMAN PAVEMENTS.
squared blocks of chalk, and, though some of them are more
than 200 years old, the face of the chalk is little the worse.
They are shown in this photograph, and here is a lump of hard
chalk that has been used as a door stopper, and has been kicked
about every day and all day on a floor of Portland Cement for
seven years, and it has proved for itself that it would make
durable cubes for any mosaic. The yellow tesserae are of
ordinary oolite, the egg-structure coming out well, under the
microscope. The blue-grey is a stratified limestone, and answers
to like- coloured bands of Lower Purbeck ; indeed, Mr. Osmond
Fisher believes he can see in it traces of cyprides, the character-
istic fresh-water fossil. And the black is a non-fossiliferous
marble stained by ferruginous percolation. Its affinity is to the
limestones of Devonshire.
The Fret. This term is from the old French /mV, trellis- work,
and denotes a pattern composed of continuous combinations of
straight lines. When they interlace they form a rectilinear
intreccio.
The Meander fret. The meander in its origin was, of course,
a curvilinear decoration, but in wood-carving, taking lines of
least resistance, it passed by degrees into a fret, into a running
rectilinear device. All zigzags that do not cross each other are
meanders, even those complicated zigzags called key-patterns.
In the example before us it surmounts the cruciform floriated
centre, and is so arranged as to produce an emissive or radiant
effect.
Interlaced Designs. The chief intrecci of this Mosaic are the
Cable, the Braid which is of three strands, and the Guilloche.
As regards the two former, the points of their intersections are
made more evident to the eye by means of light-coloured
centerings, but they are, none the less braids and cables.
The term Guilloche has been variously defined. Some say
that it is any twisted ornament which repeats itself by its
returning strands ; and others call it the tool by which such an
ornament can be made, because the French verb guillocher is
"to engine-turn/' and is derived from the man's name who
ROMAN PAVEMENTS. 249
invented the appropriate machine. But whereas Brachet, of the
Ecole Polytechnique, Paris, in his Etymological Dictionary
of the French Language, 1868, says that Guilloche was the
inventor's name, Menage, the author of the First French Etymo-
logical Dictionary, 1650, says that the man's name was Guillot ;
while, to make matters more difficult still, we find a somewhat
similar word in the English of 1663, "the fret has in the
bottome, a dubble golose."
No doubt either the cable or the braid decoration may be
called quite correctly a guilloche, but the former terms are
themselves sufficiently descriptive, whereas we lack one to
designate the peculiar looped "snare-work," of which we have
here such a good illustration. It is a pity that we have lost the
English word golose, but we shall do well to follow the example
of those who restrict the French term guilloche to this otherwise
nameless design.
The Fylfot. That the makers and admirers of these mosaics
saw and understood this device in the Fylfot fret I have already
proved from the Brading pavement, in which the symbol is cut
off from its surroundings and occupies a place of honour. To
this evidence I now add an empanelled Fylfot from Basildon,
Berks, in which its precise form is emphasised.
The Duplex. I show again a few diagrams which were part
of the proof that the Duplex was once a sign of the twofold
course of the sun, and afterwards became a symbol of the double
nature of Christ. It usually assumes the form of a crux
decussata, the cross of S. Andrew, the Protoclete, the First-
called, who had exclaimed "We have found the Christ"
(John L, 41).
Amphota. When Pliny uses the word amphora (XXXVII. , 2),
it is to denote a liquid measure of 48 sextarii or nearly six
gallons (5 gal., 7*577 pints). And the vase in the Mosaic at
Pergamus, on which doves were perched, he calls a cantharus.
This group became a favourite motif in art. It is conspicuous
in the pavement of Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli. It occurs at
Verona, in a Roman Mosaic that lies beneath the cloisters of the
I. MASCULINE OR SOLAR SYMBOL OF FECUNDITY.
Phrygian Tomb.
II. MATERNAL OR TERRESTRIAL SYMBOL or FECUNDITY.
Phrygian Tomb.
III. FEMININE SYMBOL OF FECUNDITY,
Etruscan Sarcophagus.
ROMAN PAVEMENTS. 2$ I
cathedral. It was, doubtless, the ancestor of what may be seen
on the walls of Christian catacombs, and in the tesselated floor
of S. Orso at Ravenna, where the cantharus has become a
chalice, and the doves on its rim are not votaries of Venus, but
ransomed souls.
The cantharus, however, was a drinking-vessel, a tankard,
sacred to Bacchus, usually but not always with two handles, and
rarely if ever made of earthenware. Silenus, sleeping off his
debauch, is found with a heavy cantharus hanging by a worn
handle. Et gtavis attrita pendebat cantherus ansd pendebat cantharus
ansd. (Virgil, Ed. VI., 17.)
Hence it is better for us to use the less restricted term
amphora, a word contracted from a^Kpo^s " having two
handles." Such a vessel in the Olga Road tesselation I have
called a symbol of Fecundity. Perhaps all statements of that
kind should be accompanied by proof. Omitted then, I supply
it now. On the fagade of the very ancient stone tombs of
Phrygia it is common to find sculptured in relief two animals
facing each other, like heraldic supporters, which are sphinxes,
lions, or bulls, and between them is a symbol which is always in
one or other of three forms a pillar, a phallus, or an amphora
(see figures I. and II.).
The animals are the guardians of the symbol. The require-
ments of art, as well as the limitations of sculpture in relief,
make them indeed look towards the symbol rather than towards
any approaching adversary. But they are no more about to eat
of the pillar than to drink from the vase. " It is a double-
handled vessel," say Messieurs Perrot and Chipiez, "of simple
and elegant design, and there are numbers in our museums
labelled J/alo-Graco, whose contour is precisely similar" (Art in
Phrygia, p. 130). Can we doubt that it represents Fecundity in
its feminine aspect, as our Mother the Earth, or that the pillar
represents Fecundity in its masculine aspect, as our Father the
Sun. But Fecundity means Life, and therefore necessarily, in
some sort, the Renewal of Life. And we may be sure that under-
lying this presentment, this guarding of the symbol, was the
252 ROMAN PAVEMENTS.
positive belief of those who saw it that one day some god,
Mithras or another, would crash through the portals of the tomb,
would sweep its gloomy caverns with celestial air, would set the
captive souls free and bring them back to warmth and light.
Such was their creed ; and who are we to say they were
wrong ?
Etruscan Amphora. Etruria or Tyrrhenia extended from the
river Macra on the north to the Tiber on the south, and lay
between the western or Tyrrhenian sea and the Apennines. The
primitive culture of its inhabitants was a branch of the general
civilization of the European Bronze Age. The Etruscan
Museums of Italy are full of objects taken from tombs.
Amongst the vases there found are a great many that certainly
had been brought from Greece, and many, too, that had been
made in Tyrrhenian colonies of Greek artists. This only shows
the good taste of their employers, and indicates, of course, a
strong foreign influence upon domestic ceramics. On vases
made by Etruscans, the inscriptions are in their own language
and alphabet, and illustrate their own mythology. In tone,
drawing, and art they differ strongly from anything that has
been discovered in Greece. The amphora called Tyrrhenian,
though its general form is both ancient and widely diffused,
differs from the Greek and Roman in having a thicker body, and
a wider mouth. But gadrooning does not appear in the earlier
stages of its evolution.
In looking through my notes of a visit paid, during September,
1901, to the Etruscan Museum at Verona, I have found the
rough sketch of a bas-relief on a sepulchral chest of limestone
said not to be later than the 2nd century B.C. The sculpture
shows a gadrooned amphora, supported in Phrygian manner,
and no doubt with Phrygian significance, by two horned
quadrupeds, each in association with a solar rosette. A local
feature makes this group even more remarkable. Each animal
possesses four udders which extend in a row, from front to back,
along the whole ventral surface (see figure III.). We are at
once reminded of the Etruscan Wolf, which usually has six
ROMAN PAVEMENTS. 253
udders, and which sometimes, but not always, suckles a boy.
Much later, two boys appear, Romulus and Remus.
On this subject Pliny acutely observes that cases of infants
suckled by beasts should be attributed rather to the greatness of
the fate that must be fulfilled, than to the nature of the animals
themselves. *
It was the multiple breast, the Tro\v^a.ar6s, that proclaimed
Diana of Ephesus to be the nutrient Mother of many nations,
whilst the udders of Etruscan animals, of the Wolf of the
Lupercal, were big with the destinies of a mighty People.
Christian Serpents. Two serpents issue from each of two of
the four vases in the Durngate Street mosaic. This has led a
friend of ours to a belief that the pavement must receive a
Christian interpretation. He sees in it an allusion to St. John
(December 2)th), Apostle, Prophet, and Evangelist. In some
late representations of the Saint he is made to bear in his hand
a cantharus or sacramental cup, from which a serpent appears to
be escaping. A legend relates that an attempt was made to
poison St. John in the chalice. But he drank of the wine and
administered it to the communicants with injury to no one, for
the venom had gone out from the cup in the guise of a serpent.
In art the Italian School, as by Raphael (d. 1520), depict for
us the egress of an ordinary snake, whereas the Flemish School,
as by Hans Memling (d. 1494), often miscalled Hemling, show
us a winged dragon. [Captain Acland has a good example of
each.] The frequent occurrence, in Christian legend, of
serpents in association with saints is assuredly an indication of
Pagan influence. During the flight into Egypt, when the Holy
Child lay in the wilderness, dragons came and worshipped at
His feet ; and the Blessed Virgin often places one foot on a
serpent's head. Against the bites of such reptiles the relics of
Phocas, martyred in Syria, are highly efficacious. St. Hilarion
* Nam quae de infantibus ferarum lacte nutricis, cum essent expositi,
produntur sicut de conditoribus nostris a lupa, magnitudini fatorum accepta ferri
aequius, qnam ferarum naturae, arbitror. Plin. VIII., 17.
254 ROMAN PAVEMENTS.
(October zist) freed the Dalmatian district of Epidaurus from a
serpent which was devouring men and cattle. A snake is an
attribute of Thecla (September 23rd), virgin and martyr, who
escaped unharmed from a worm-pit ; of St. Cecilia (November
22nd, 280); of St. Patrick (March iyth), whose antipathy to
snakes is well known; of Poternus (April i6th), or Padarn, or
Madron, saint and bishop, whose monastery was at Vannes in
the VI. century ; and of the Gaulish Pirminius (November 3rd),
saint and bishop, who died in the VIII. century.
Didymus (April 28th), a blind saint, treads upon a serpent,
while St. Margaret (July zoth. 275) treads upon a dragon, and
St. Martha (July zgth) at Tarascon, no less than St. George
(April 23rd) at Selene, destroys one. In the fifth century
Cairnech (May i6th), or Karentocus, a Cornish saint, tamed a
serpent on the banks of the Severn. But all these devout persons
have only one snake a-piece, whereas St. Euphemia (September
1 6th, 307) stands between two serpents, as does also, at Florence,
St. Verdiana (February ist). Here, then, is the opportunity for
anyone so disposed one of these virgins for each vase.
Pagan Serpents. Although in Christian art and legend this
reptile serves as a symbol, if not indeed as an incarnation, of
evil, the serpent was looked upon by Pagans as a protector of
the person, as a guardian of curative waters, as " umbrarum
famulus," a servant of the dead, and as a " genius loci."
Whilst visiting the island of Chryse, on his way to join the
Trojan army, of which he was the most celebrated archer,
Philoctetes took the Greeks to see the altar of Athena Chryse,
and having approached too near, was bitten by the serpent
which guarded the temple of the goddess.
The serpent that JEneas saw, as he poured out a libation and
scattered flowers at his father's tomb, had blue dorsal bands,
"coeruleae cui terga notas," and scales of burnished gold,
" Maculosus et auro squamam incendebat fulgor ; " and he was
in doubt whether it was the genius of the place, or in truth his
father's attendant. (Incertus geniumne loci, famulumne parentis
Esseputtt. ;En. V., 76-95.)
ROMAN PAVEMENTS. 255
Many Trojan shields have serpents that seem to issue from
the boss. Sometimes the buckler, or the helmet, of Hector is
adorned with a snake to show that he was protected by Apollo,
and a snake was an attribute of Apollo himself, as well as of
Minerva in her chatacter of Hygieia.
^sculapius frequently appeared in the shape of a serpent, and
with serpents his worship was everywhere associated, for they
were able to discover healing herbs, and were the symbols alike
of prudence and of renovation; and he is often represented
with one hand resting on a serpent's head.
To protect an edifice from defilement, a satirist suggested
that two serpents might be painted on the wall. (Pinge duos
angues locus est sacer, &c. Persius, Sat. L, 113.)
A serpent on the sacred tree in the Garden of the Hesperides
protected the apples which were filched from it by guile. Those
persons who fancy that the Hebrew story of the Fall is an
allegory, may choose to imagine an earlier legend in which the
Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil was guarded in like
manner, whilst the woman, in like manner, got possession of the
fruit by deceiving the reptile.
The cobra of ancient Egypt was a serpent of goodness, and
was adored as a protector of grain.
It is known that in the fourth century, B.C., the Gauls in the
north of Italy, in Gallia Cisalpina, had a cult of the serpent.
This the Druids inherited, and throughout Gallia Ulterior ser-
pent symbols have often been discovered.
Naturalists tell us that on irritating the cobra it immediately
erects the- forepart of its body, swells its neck, opens its jaws,
extends its forked tongue, its eyes glitter, and it begins to hiss.
Where one is another may surely be found, for they are always
in pairs. And they can be inveigled into pots. (Figuier,
Reptiles, pp. 71-74.)
Somewhere, I think in one of the Etruscan Museums of Italy,
I have seen a vase with twin snakes like that before us, but it is
not down in my notebook. Nevertheless, I am able to quote
from Dennis {Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria L, 169), an account
256 ROMAN PAVEMENTS.
of the Grotta Dipinta, an Etruscan tomb near Bomarzo, 12
miles east of Viterbo. " Drawn on the wall in red and black
pigments is a large jar out of which two serpents with forked
tongues are rising. In the same tomb was contained the
sarcophagus now in the British Museum, of temple shape, with
a pair of serpents in knotted coils on the roof" ; and the writer
suggests that it was the sepulchre of an augur.
We are not, however, compelled to believe that the Durngate
Street pavement lay in the house of a priest. If we witness the
outburst of flowers, the egress of serpents from an amphora, we
see auspicious tokens of springtide, of summer, of solar heat and
terrestrial response.
Asymmetry. Symmetry, as understood and practised by the
ancient Egyptians and by the first Greeks, was drawing by
absolute rule and measure, making all things commensurate to a
fixed scale. Decoration was done by stencilling, and the human
stature was divided into a number of equal parts say, into 19, of
which the head occupied 3, the trunk 7, and the lower limbs 9.
This made profile necessary, and foreshortening was impossible.
Revolt against rigid form began early. Pliny remarked that
the Latin language had no name for that kind of symmetry
which Lycippus (B.C. 330) observed in his new and untried
method of modifying the squareness of the ancient statues ; and
that it was a common saying of his that, while others made men
as they were, he made them as they appeared to be.* That is to
say, he did not care for their measuring right as long as they
looked right.
A careful examination of the best of the old Mosaics will
reveal to us a constant effort to escape from strict geometrical
form. Their design was in the artist's mind, and was not copied
from a pattern prepared at an architect's office.
* Non habet Latinum nonaen symmetria, quam diligentissime custodivit, nova
intactaque ratione quadratas veterum staturas permatando : vulgoque dicebat,
ab ilhs factos quales essent, homines, a se quales viderentur esse. Plin.
XXXIV., 7.
ROMAN PAVEMENTS. 257
Their charm is that possessed by hand-made oriental rugs,
with varying borders and details, as contrasted with the lifeless
fabrics woven by modern looms. So much better is the free-
hand " snare- work" of Roman pavements than the engine-
turned scrolls of to-day.
On the continent, in the middle ages, a like revolt may be
discerned against symmetrically exact architecture, and the
proof of it would be an interesting subject for this Club, on a
future occasion, to discuss. Time permits only a moment's
reference to the ancient wayside crosses of Cornwall, the round-
headed monoliths of the VIII. Century, as an illustration of this
theme. Of these monuments the head is never geometrically
circular, and it is not placed evenly or symmetrically on the shaft
which possesses a delicate entasis, narrowing that is from the
mid height, but more so above than below. This alone proves
careful and thoughtful workmanship. Its incised Latin cross is
usually curved, the upper and lateral limbs are unequal, and the
interspaces vary in size. Such a cross I have drawn from a
photograph, here shown, and have placed beside it one made by
rule and compass, that the emotional or artistic may be com-
pared with the geometrical or dead.
Symbolism, Art, and Beauty. And now, to avoid too much
idiocracy, let me conclude in the words of a modem writer :
" That vague dreams of the deeper mind can be awakened by
the contemplation of symbols is true of all those who are sensi-
tive to the influences of the spirit. What one needs in Art is
not that things should be perfectly seen and accurately
presented. A picture of hard fidelity is often entirely displeasing,
but one craves for a certain sense of personality something
that seizes tyrannously upon the soul, and makes one desire more
of the intangible and indescribable essence. Blake announced
that a man's hope of immortality depended not upon virtuous
conduct, but upon spiritual perception. And it is hard to resist
the belief, when one is brought into the presence of perfect
beauty, in whatever form it may come, that the craving it arouses
is meant to receive a satisfaction more real than the act of mere
258 ROMAN PAVEMENTS.
contemplation can give. Such emotions bring with them no
suggestion of primal and degrading instincts, no desire of
possession, which is the sign of mortality, but rather the divine
desire to be possessed by them that the reality, whatever it
be, of which beauty is only the form, may enter and remain
in the soul."
on
of ^8tr6s ? gmsects, &c., an6
gtirsf gfCoroering of
IN DORSET DURING 1905.
By NELSON M, RICHARDSON, B.A.
HE names of those who have this year sent in
returns are as follows ; they are denoted in
the Report by initials :
(N. M. R.) Nelson M. Richardson, Monte-
video, near Weymouth.
(E. R. B.) Eustace R. Bankes, Norden,
Corfe Castle.
(E. S. R.) E. S. Rodd, Chardstock House,
Chard.
(W. H. D.) Rev. W. Hughes D'Aeth, Buckhorn Weston
Rectory, Wincanton.
Rev. J. Ridley, Pulham Rectory.
Miss Ellen E. Woodhouse, Chilmore, Ansty,
Dorchester. (Parish of Hilton.)
(G. R. P.) Gerald R. Peck, Darenth, Parkstone.
Miss Woodhouse and Mr. Peck are new observers, and
represent new districts.
(J- R.)
(E. E. W.)
260 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
I ha^'e received the following
NOTES ON RARE AND OTHER BIRDS IN 1905.
WOODCHAT (Lamus auriculatus , Miiller). This rare visitor
to Britain having been very seldom observed in Dorset, I should
like on the principle of " Better late than never" to place on
record the fact that about the year 1894, either in April or May,
I watched for some minutes at only a few yards distance a fine
specimen at Corfe Castle a little further down the same
stream, beside which the late Rev. Owen L. Mansel saw one on
April 21, 1893, as recorded by myself at the time in the Dorset
County Chronicle and in Proc. Dors. N.H. and A.F.C., XV., 196.
Unfortunately, I have searched in vain for a note of the date, so
can only give it approximately (E. R. B.).
PIED FLYCATCHER (Muscicapa atricapilla, L.). I saw one at
Symondsbury Rectory on April 27 and 28 at the same spot.
This bird is extremely rare in the locality, and I have never .
previously observed it. It was very tame, and allowed me to
approach to within a few yards of it (Rev. R. C. Maunsell).
THRUSH (Turdus musicus, L.). A well-fledged young one,
able to fly about 40 yards at one flight, was met with on April 14
a remarkably early date (E. R. B.).
On April 30 my attention was attracted by the angry screams
of a thrush, and I saw a jackdaw make two dashes at a young
thrush sitting on a bough. It failed each time, and was driven
off to a considerable distance by the old bird (J. R.).
ROBIN (Erithacus rubecula, L.). I have heard that robins are
never seen to bathe like other birds. Not long ago I saw one in
the act of taking a bath in a pool (J. R.).
Robins bathe at least as much as other birds in a large dish
on my lawn (N. M. R.).
REDSTART (Ruticilla phcenicurus, L.). Seen at Corfe Castle
April ii (E. R. B.). At Chickerell, where it is usually rare,
April 4 (N. M. R.).
NUTHATCH (Si/ fa ccesia, Meyer). A pair with young feeding
in an elm tree (J. R., Pulham).
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 261
ROOK (Corvus frugilegus, L.). Several nests with young
blown down on the night of May i. I believe that one nest was
rebuilt and another brood reared, for the last of the young rooks
took flight on June 8 (J. R.). (Morris gives the date at which
the young are fledged as the end of May or the beginning of
June) (N. M. R.).
HOUSE MARTIN (Chelidon urlica, L.). Seen at Ware ham on
April 20 (E. R. B.).
CUCKOO (Cuculus canorus, L.). About the beginning of
August a young cuckoo came close to the windows to be fed by
a pair of wagtails, and very often shared the crumbs spread
regularly for birds an unusual diet ! (J. R.).
KINGFISHER (Alcedo ispida, L.). One dashed against a large
window. I believe it mistook the gleam on it and the reflected
foliage for water (J. R.).
GREEN WOODPECKER (Gecinus viridis, L.). Heard " laugh-
ing" on February 6 (E. R. B.).
LESSER SPOTTED WOODPECKER (Dendrocopus minor, L.).
Seen on February 8, and frequently seen and heard since ( J. R.).
This can hardly be called a rare bird in this locality ; I have
seen it here on many occasions and several times this spring
(Rev. R. C. Maunsell, Symondsbury Rectory).
WOODPIGEON (Columba palumbus, L.). Heard cooing on
January 25 and following days (E. R. B.)-
AVOCET (Recurvirostra avocetta, L.) One was killed at Seaton
this autumn (E. S. R.).
WOODCOCK (Scolopax rusticula, L.). A nest was found in the
spring at Bere Regis by Major Palmes, who resides there
(E. R. B.).
LITTLE GULL (Laws minutus, Pallas). In Poole Harbour
January 17 (G. R. P.).
BUFFON'S SKUA (Lestris Buffonii, Boie). During the summer
I saw an adult Buffon's Skua near the breakwater on S. Haven
Point, Studland Bay, but omitted to record the date (G. R. P.)
This species is not included in Mansel-Pleydell's "Birds of
Dorsetshire," and appears to be new to the county (N. M. R.).
262 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
SQUACCO HERON (Ardea ralloides, Scop.). A specimen of
this extremely rare species was recorded by Mrs. }. L. (recte
"E.") Panton in the Dorset County Chronicle of January 26, 1905,
as having been seen by her in the garden at Steeple Rectory, in
the Isle of Purbeck, on January 17, 1905, after a severe and
prolonged S.E. gale. Only four occurrences of this scarce
visitant are chronicled in "The Birds of Dorsetshire" (1888),
while a fifth example was shot at Bere Regis by Mr. G. Toser in
the winter of 1891-2 (teste Rev. O. P. Cambridge, F.R.S.).
Nearly all the specimens observed in Britain have been met
with either in spring or summer, and have been in immature
plumage (E. R. B.).
COMMON BITTERN (Botaurus stellaris, L). Two examples of
this now rare visitor were shot at Wareham about the end of
January, but the names of the gunners, who erred through
ignorance, have been withheld from me on the discovery that
the bird is protected by law (E. R. B.).
Rev. J. Ridley contributes two notes on birds in Devon.
I heard the nightingale in S. Devon on April u, and listened
to it for nearly a quarter of an hour. Only of late years has it
been certainly heard in this county.
I also heard and saw a pair of ravens in Devon on April 7.
GENERAL ZOOLOGICAL NOTES.
BAT flying round the lawn in the sunshine on February 24
(N. M. R.).
BLINDWORM found with young in log of wood on Septem-
ber i6(J. R.).
SMALL RED VIPER. A beautiful specimen of this small and
very local species ( Vipera rubra, Leighton), was captured at Corfe
Castle by my brother, Mr. Arthur E. Bankes, on May 18, 1905.
So far as I can ascertain, this interesting viper had not been
previously met with in the Isle of Purbeck, though it has
occasionally been observed elsewhere in Dorset, as recorded
on p. 210 of Dr. Gerald R. Leighton's "Life History of British
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, EtC. 263
Serpents," in which work (pp. 206-213) tne author gives his
reasons for considering the Small Red Viper specifically distinct
from the adder (E. R. B.).
PLAGUE OF GOOSEBERRY SAWFLY. In spite of the prodigious
numbers of this Sawfly (Nematus grossularicz) that were collected,
in the egg and larval states, on my gooseberry and currant
bushes in the preceding year, and destroyed (see Proc. Dors.
N.H. and A.F.C., XXVI. , 269), we suffered from an equally severe
plague of it on the same bushes in 1905. Eggs and larvae were
again continually collected by the thousand throughout May,
June, July, and August in an attempt, fortunately successful, to
save the crops of fruit, and in the hope that determined annual
onslaughts on this destructive pest would end either in its
extermination, or at least in its being reduced almost to the
vanishing point (E. R. B.).
HUMBLE BEE seen March 29 (N. M. R.).
SCARCITY OF LEPIDOPTERA. In spite of the weather
conditions being eminently suitable for insect-collecting, the
year 1905 proved, in the Isle of Purbeck and neighbouring
district, very disappointing as regards both Macro
and Micro Lepidoptera, which were, in general, decidedly
scarce, nearly all the better-class species that were especially
worked for being either not met with at all, or only found in
solitary individuals. On the whole, however, the season yielded
rather better results than its predecessor, though this, alas ! is
but faint praise, and it is clear that, even under favourable
conditions, it will be several years before Lepidoptera have
recovered from the effects of the wholesale destruction caused in
their ranks by the disastrous weather of 1903. But, however
bad the season, some few species are sure to appear in unwonted
numbers, and many valuable observations may be made.
Fortune by no means entirely deserted me in 1905, and my
captures included several of peculiar interest, which either have
been, or will be, chronicled elsewhere ; the most noteworthy of
these was that of a lovely male example, taken whilst I was out
partridge-shooting near Corfe Castle on September 6, of Sterrha
264 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
sacraria, L., which is extremely rare in Britain, and of which
only three specimens had previously been taken in Dorset.
BOTANICAL NOTES.
RARE FUNGUS. A beautiful crimson-red Fungus, growing in
late winter and early spring on damp rotting sticks partly buried
in earth, that I have found very sparingly in one spot near
Corfe Castle for many years past, has been identified by my
friend, Mr. G. F. Rayner, of Southampton, as Geopyxis (Peziza}
coccinea, an extremely local and uncommon species not as yet
discovered in either the New Forest or Southampton districts.
Within the last year or two I have met with it, though rarely, in
two other spots near Corfe Castle, and have ascertained that it
occurs in one in the adjoining parish of Kingston. Wishing
to obtain specimens for Mr. Rayner, I visited my original
locality for this Fungus on February 16, 1905, and in one
hedgerow, under 200 yards in length, had the good fortune by
close searching amongst the mass of dead leaves, &c., which
rendered most of them quite invisible to the passer-by, to
discover about 100 examples, of which some 30 or more were
left for stock, in but little over half-an-hour. I doubt if I had
ever previously met with more than ten or twelve in a single day,
though that same fence had often been tried for them. This
remarkable find, doubtless due to specially suitable conditions as
the result of the sallow hedge not having been laid for several
years, included individuals of all ages and sizes, some being far
larger than any previously observed ; several were i inches
across the top, but, amongst others subsequently found in the
sand hedgerow, two, although partly eaten, measured respectively
2 and 2 7-16 inches in length of "cup," that of the latter being
if inches in breadth. G. coccinea is not included in Mr. C.
Broome's " List of Fungi collected in Purbeck," published in the
Purbeck Society Papers, pp. 252-261 (1858), nor do I know of it
having been recorded from any part of the county of Dorset
(E. R. B.).
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 265
SALIX CINEREA. A few male catkins were found on one bush
at Corfe Castle on January 30, and some female catkins were
fully out on a bush in another locality on the same date
(E. R. B.).
ELECAMPANE in flower at Pulham July 22 (J. R.).
DAPHNE LAUREOLA in flower at Pulham February 7 (J. R.).
PRIMROSES. I never saw such quantities of early primroses.
At Christmas, 1904, we gathered bunches in woods near Pulham
for decoration (J. R.).
NOTES ON WEATHER, &c.
BUCKHORN WESTON. The year has been remarkable for the
absence of thunderstorms. We only had one here, and that not
very near (W. H. D.).
PULHAM. March 7 : Some lightning with very heavy gusts
of wind. March n : Towards evening very heavy storm of
wind, rain, and hail, with a little thunder and lightning.
March 14 : Heavy thunderstorm about Q to 10 p.m. and
rumbling most of the night. June 14 : Distant thunder.
July 9 : Distant thunder. August i, 5, 15, 29 : A little thunder.
November 3 : Thunderstorm for about two hours, but not very
near.
BUCKHORN WESTON. Exceedingly small rainfall 5 inches
below our lowest record for 14 years (W. H. D.).
CHARD. Wonderfully mild and dry during January and
February. October 18 : Lovely autumn weather prevails with
sharp frosts at night. Great scarcity and shortness of water
generally in England from the small rainfall during the year
1905. Springs very low everywhere, but enough rain has fallen
during spring, summer, and autumn for the crops, both roots
and grass ; and it has been a very good year for farmers
generally. A very sharp snap of frost in October and November
for a few days. The year ended with mild dry open weather
(E. S. R.).
266 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
PULHAM. Frosts on nights of May 22 and 23. Very cold on
June 5, 6, 7, and u. Frosts October 16 to 26, sometimes 8 to
10 degrees. About i inch of snow on the night of November 18
and a little on November 19.
AURORA BOREALIS on January 26 (frosty, very fine sunset),
and a fine display on November 9. The eclipse of the sun of
August 30 was seen quite clearly with the exception of fleecy
cloud now and then (J. R.).
The Tables of First Appearances, &c., are appended .
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 267
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ERRATA IN VOL. XXVI.
p. 273. The date of the Field Thistle for Dorset should be
June 30.
p. 274. The date of the Cuckoo (s.) for Dorset should be
April 12. See footnotes (2) and (3).
p. 275. The date of the Brimstone Butterfly for Dorset should
be March 9. See footnote (4).
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Some Dorset Manor Houses, with their literary and historical associations. By
Sidney Heath. Illustrated with 40 drawings by the author, and rubbings
from sepulchral brasses by W. de C. Prideaux. (Bemrose and Sons, 4, Snow
Hill, London. 30s. net.) In the press.
IVessex. By Olive Holland. Illustrated in colour by Walter Tyndale. (A. and
C. Black, Soho Square, London. 20s. net.)
Memorials of Old Dorset. Edited by the Kev. T. Perkins. (Bemrose and Sons.
15s. net.) In preparation.
The Old Stone Crosses of Dorset, with an Introduction and descriptive articles by
Alfred Pope. Illustrated with numerous plates and a key-map of the
county. (Chiswick Press, London. 15s. net.)
The Three Dorset Captains at Trafalgar Thomas Masterman Hardy, Charles
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Brown-sea Inland. By Charles van Raalte. With illustrations in colour by
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Bird Life and Bird Lore. By R. Bosworth Smith. (John Murray. 10s. 6d.
net.)
Dorset Parish Registers. Marriages. Edited by W. P. W. Phillimore and
Edmund Nevill. Vol. I. contains a transcript of the Marriage Registers of
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Cattistock, Bothenhampton, Walditch, Bradpole, North Poorton, Chilfrome.
^Phillimore and Co., 124, Chancery Lane, London. 10s. net.)
The Hardy Country. Literary landmarks of the Wessex novels. By C. G.
Harper. With illustrations. (A. and C. Black. 6s.)
Highways and Byways in Dorset. By Sir Frederick Treves. With illustrations
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The Wessex of Thomas Hardy. By B. C. A. Windle. Illustrated by E. H. New.
(John Lane, The Bodley Head, London. 5s. net.)
Dorset. By Frank B. Heath. With numerous illustrations. (Methuen and Co.,
36, Essex Street, London. 2s. 6d.)
Black's Guide to Dorset. New edition. Edited by A. R. Hope Moncrieff. With
maps, plans, and illustrations. (A. and C. Black. 2s. 6d.)
Dorchester and Its Surroundings. By F. R. and Sidney Heath. (The Homeland
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Famous Beauties of Two Reigns, being an account of some fair women of Stuart
and Georgian times. (Anne Seymour Darner and Elizabeth Brinsley
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272
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(Particulars of new books, especially of those relating to Dorset,
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INDEX TO VOL. XXVII.
Abbotsbury Abbey, 2
Abbott, Dr., xxxii.
Aclaud, Capt., xxx., xxxiii., 239
Aldis, T. S.,, xxviii.
Arachnida, British, xxxiv., 72
List of New and Bare,
73, 81
Notes and description of, 83
Badbury Rings, 1.
Baukes, Mrs. W. E., lii., Ivi.
Albert, lii., Ivi.
E. R., 259
Barnes, F. J., xxviii., xxxi., xxxvii.,
183
Rev.W. Miles (Vice-President),
xxx., xxxvii., xl., 44, 97
Bath, Marquis of, Ivii.
Beckford, F. J., xxviii.
Bindon Abbey, xl., 2
Birds, First Appearance of, 259
Ayocet, 261
Bittern, common, 262
Buffon's Skua, 261
Cuckoo, 261
Gull, Little, 261
House Martin, 261
Heron, Squacco, 262
Kingfisher, 261
Nuthatch, 260
Pied Flycatcher, 260
Redstart, 260
Robin, 260
Rook, 261
Tables, 268
Thrush, 260
Woodchat, 280
Woodcock, 261
Woodpecker, green, 261
lesser spotted, 261
Woodpigeon, 261
Blandford, Dr., Ixii.
Bloxham, M. H., 1
Books, Recent and Forthcoming, 271
Boulger, Professor, xxix.
Botanical Notes, 264
Fungus, rare, 264
Daphne Laureola, 285
Elcampane, 265
Primroses, 265
Salix Cinerea, 265
British Association, Report of dele-
gate, xxviii.
Cambridge, Rev. 0. P. (Vice-President),
xxxiv., 72
Cannon Ball found at Radipole, xxvii.
Cecil Medal, xxxvi.
Cerne Abbey, 2
Chantries, Dorset, 214
Bridport, 225, 228
Dorchester, 216
Pimpeme, 221
Shaftesbury, 218
Whitchurch, 223
Chimaeroid, New, 181
Church Bells of Dorset, 93
ante -Reformation bells,
93
Addenda and Corrigenda,
105
List of, in 1552, 121
Churchwardens' accounts,
127
Coins, Roman, xxvii.
Coprolites, xxviii.
Copyright, law of, xxix.
Cornish, Vaughan, xxx.
Crallan, Dr., xxxiv., 176
Curtis, W. Parkinson, xxxvi., 189
D'Aeth, Rev. W. H., 259
Dale, C. W., Ix.
Dicker, C. W. H., xxxi.
Dorset Chantries, 214
Rainfall (1915), 138
Songs, old, 24
Agricultural, 28
Ecclesiastical, 25
General, 31
Nautical, 29
Political, 23
Duke, H., xl.
" Durnovana," " Durotriges," mean-
ing of, xxxiii.
Effigies, cross-legged (Dorset), 1
Bridport, 8, 9, 10,
13
Dorchester, 9, 15,
16, 18
Frampton, 21
Hort-.n, 9, 13, 23
Mappowder, 15,
21
Milton Abbey, 20
Puddletown,9,15,
23
Stoke Gaylard, 23
Trent (Som.), 9,
15, 19, 22, 23
Wareham, 9, 10,
12, 14
Wimborne
St. Giles, 23
Minster, 9, 23
274
Electricity, applied to domestic pur-
poses, xxxvi.
Elwes, G. R. (Hon. Treas.\ xxxi.,
xxxiv., xxxv., xxxvi., Hi., Ivii.
Filleul, Kev. S. E V., xliii.
Financial Statements, Iviii., lix.
Fletcher, W. J., 1., li., Ivi.
J. M. J., 1.
Fossil (Ischyodus toivnsendt), xxxi., 181
(Pycuodonts), 183
Frome (Som.), Ivii.
Fry, E. A., 214
Hardy, Thomas, xxxix.
Hartshorne, A., 1, 4
Heath Sidney, 1
Heriz Smith, Kev. E., hi.
Hudleston, W. H., xxxviii., xlvi.
Inkstone, Japanese (Tan-kei), xxvii.
Insects, First Appearance of, in Dorset,
1905, 269
Ischyodus Townsendi, 181
Johnson, Kev. I. J., Ixii.
Kingston Lacy, lii.
Longleat (Som.), Ivii.
Lulworth Castle, xliii.
Louterell Psalter, xlv.
Will of John Turber-
ville, xlv.
Macdonald, Dr., xxxv.
Main waring, Colonel, xxviii., xxxi.,
xxxv.
Mausel-Pleydell Medal, xxxvi.
J. C. M., Kev., xxvii.
March, Dr. Colley, xxix., xxx., xxxi., 1,
239
Mary tokens, xxxi.
Meetings, Winter Session, xxvii.,
xxxi., (Annual), xxxv.
Summer (Wool), xxxix.,
(Wimborne, Badbury
Kings, Kingston), xlvii.
(Frome and Longleat),
Ivii.
Members, Honorary, x.
Limitation of number, xxxv.
List of, xi.
New, xxii.
Original, Ixii.
Memorial Brasses of Dorset (Part III.),
234
Yetminster
Horsey, Sir John and
Lady, 234
Military Arms Inn, Weymouth, photo.
of weathered stonework, xxxii.
Milton Abbey, 2
Monastic sepulchral cross, xxxi.
Moorhead, Dr., xxxv.
Mortar, old, parallel banding in,
xxxii.
Moule, H. J., 18
Officers of the Club, x. , xxxvii.
Ophiodes or Pseudophia Lunaris, life
history of, xxxiv., 176
Pavement, Mosaic (Durngate Street),
xxix., 239, (Olga Koad), 239
Peck, G. R., 259
Pentin (Editor and Secretary), xxxi.,
xxxv., xxxv., xxxvi., xxxvii., xxxix.,
xliii., 24
Perkins, Rev. T. , xlvii.
Plants, Earliest Dorset Records (1905),
267
Plants, native, preservation of, xxix.
Pomegranates, xxvii.
Ponton, A. C., xxxi.
Pope, Alfred, xxix., xxxii., xxxv., lii.
Prideaux, C. S., xxviii.
W. de C., 234
President's Address, xxxv., Ix.
Archaeology, Ixxxiv.
Astronomy, Ixxiii.
Botany, Ixviii.
Chemistry, Ixxviii.
Electricity, Ixxvii.
Engineering, Ixxx.
Geography, Ixxxii.
Geology, Ixix.
Zoology, Ixii.
Publications of the Club, xxvi.
Pycnodont Fish, 183
Radiography, chromatic, xxxi.
Rainfall Returns, 138
Observers' notes, 139
Tables, 142
Steepleton Manor, temper-
ature, &c., 146
Reports, Secretary's, xxxvi.
Treasurer's, xxxvi.
Richardson, N. M. (President), xxvii.,
xxxii., xxxv., 1., li., Ix., 259
Ridley, Rev. J., 259
Ringed Plover (JEglalitis hiaticola),
xxxvi., 189
Breeding Season Habits,
205
Eggs, The, 209
Enemies, 211
Familiar Names, 199
Food, 202
Habits, General, 210
Nest, The, 203
Observations, General,
212
Plumages, 199
Range, 202
Syiioiiomy, 193
Rodd, E. S., 259
Roman Pavements, 239
Amphorae, 249
Asymmetry, 258
Duplex, The, 249
Etruscan, 252
Fecundity, Symbols, of
250
Fret, The, 248
Fylfot, The, 249
Interlaced Designs, 248
275
Roman Pavements continued.
Meander, The, 248
Serpents, Christian, 253
Pagan, 254
Symbolism, Art, and
Beauty, 257
Tesserae, Material of, 247
Relics, xxviii.
Roads, li., Ivi.
Rules of the Club, v.
Sherborne Abbey, 2
Short, E. W., xxxvi.
Suail Shells, xxviii.
Societies, corresponding, xxvi.
Kindred, affiliation of, xxxv.
Solar Eclipses, photographs of, xxxv.
Stephens, W. L., xxviii.
Stilwell, H., 139
Stones, ancient (Stinsford and Bat-
combe), xxxii.
Stuart-Gray, M. G., xxxv.
Surface waves produced by sledges,
XXX.
Sykes, E. R., xxviii., xxxvii.
Torpedo Ray fish, xxviii.
Treasui'e Trove, law of, xxix.
Turner, Dr., Ixi.
Usher wood, Canon, xxviii.
Vice -Presidents of the Club, x.
Waller, J. S., 1, 7
Wareham Water Supply, 147, 164
History of operations, 153
Waugh, W. R., Ixi.
Weather Notes, 265
Aurora Borealis, 265
Buckhorn Weston, 265
Chard, 265
Pulham, 265, 266
Weaver, F. W., xxxix.
Wiinborne Minster, xlvii., 2
Winterborne Waste (Monkton), Court
Rolls of, xxx., 44
Woodhouse, Miss E. E. W., 259
Woodward, Dr. Smith, xxxi., 181, 183
Wool, Manor House and Barn, xxxix.
Church, xliii.
Worgret Hill and Dykes, 148, 149
Geological position of, 151,
159
Structure of, 1C9
Zoological Notes, 262
Bat, 262
Bee, Humble, 263
Blindworm, 262
Lepidoptera, Scarcity of, 263
Sawfly, Gooseberry, plague
of, 263
Viper, small red, 262
A GENERAL INDEX OF THE PAPERS, &c., PUBLISHED
IN THE CLUB'S " PROCEEDINGS."
By HARRY POUNCY, Assistant-Secretary.
Abbotsbury Abbey, Vol. VIII., p. 38.
,, Antiquities, I., 50.
Castle, Eare Trees in the Garden of, XV., 184.
Iron Deposits, VIII., 64.
Adam and Eve Dishes, II., 112.
Adders, British, Colour Variations of, XXII., 43.
Alaska, Natural History of, XXV., 8.
Albian Fossils found at Okeford Fitzpaine, XVIII., 66.
Aldhelm's Chapel, St., XIV., 75.
Altars, Mediaeval, in Salisbury Cathedral, XIX., 1.
Ammonites, New Species of, IV., 137.
Amphitheatre, Dorchester, VII., 66.
Anaemia in Oats, V., 91.
Antoninus, Iter XV. of the Itinerary, IV., 122.
XVI. ,, IV., 62.
,, Recollections of Walls of Hadrian and, XIV., 29.
Arachnida, see "Spiders."
Arms of Dorchester and Dorset, XVIII., 100.
Astarte, Species of, II., 79.
Athelhampton Hall, XX., 122.
Australia, the Naturalist in, XXVI., 160.
Axminster Church, XXV., Ixxi.
Bactrian Coins, XXV., xxvi.
Badbury Rings, V., 38 ; XI., 16 ; XXVII., 1.
,, ,, Roman Road from, to the Wiltshire Boundary near Ashmore,
IX., 147; XXVII., li.
Bagber, Romano -British Brick Kiln and British Barrow at, XVII.. 127.
Barnes, Rev. W., B.D., In Memoriam, VIII., xv.
,, ,, ,, Chronological List of Works of, VIII., xxvii.
Barnestone Manor House, Purbeck, XXII., Ix.
Barrows of Dorset, V., 20.
Exploration at Martinstown, XXV., xxvii. ; XXVI., 6.
277
Bath, XXVI., lii.
,, Abbey Church, XXVI., Iv.
The Koman Baths, XXVI., liii.
Beets, Ennobling of, III., 104.
Belemnoteuthis Montcjiorei, III., 141.
Belgae in South Britain, VI., 33.
Bells of Dorset, Church, XIX., 25 ; XXIV., 103 ; XXV., 33 ; XXVI., 204 ;
XXVII., 93.
Gussage All Saints, XVII., 80.
BereEegis, VIII., 49.
Bibles, Early English Printed, XXI., 193 ; XXVI., Ixxii.
Bindon Abbey and Wool Bridge, VII., 54 ; XXVII., xl.
Hill, IV., 53.
Birds, Observations on the Appearances of, X., 214; XI., 217; XII., 195;
XIII., 239; XIV., 201; XV., 195; XVL, 185 ; XVIL, 197 ; XVIIL,
185; XIX., 202; XX., 182; XXL, 236; XXII., 147; XXIIL, 209;
XXIV., 178; XXV, 275 ; XXVI., 266; XXVII., 259.
Bivalve Shell of a New Genus (Cnrvirostrum striatuni), IV., 102.
Blashenwell, Tufaceous Deposit at, VII., 109 ; XVII., 67.
Bloody Cave at Bradford Abbas, V., 34.
Bloxworth Church, VII., 99.
,, ,, Ancient Hour-glass and Stand, III., 34.
,, ,, Armorials of Savage Family, X., 153.
,, Effects of a Flash of Lightning at, VIII., 74.
Whirlwind at, XVIL, 76.
Bockley, or Bockerley, Dyke, and others in Dorset, V., 49 ; VL, 41.
Bos primi genius, with relation to Palaeolithic and Neolithic Man, X., 81.
Botanical Notes, 1906, XXVII. , 264.
Botany (chiefly Geographical) Notes, X., 47.
of a Dorset Parish, II., 32.
Dorset Plants, XXVI., 75.
Bound Oak., III., 25.
Bournemouth, Geology of, VII., 23.
Leaf Beds, XVL, 178.
Bracelet, Supposed Saxon Workmanship, I., 38.
Brachiopoda from Inferior Oolite of Bradford Abbas and its Vicinity, I., 73.
,, ,, ,, ,, Dorset and a Portion of Somerset, IV., 1.
Bradford Abbas, on the Fossil Beds of, I., 64.
,, ,, and Diggings at East Farm, II., 53.
,, on Avon, XXVI. , xlviii.
Brasses of Dorset, Ancient Memorial, XXIIL, 195 ; XXV., 144 ; XXVIL, 234.
,, in Fleet Old Church, XIX., 59.
Brick Kiln and British Barrow at Bagber, XVIL, 127.
Briclport Corporation Eecords, XL, 97 ; XXV., lix.
Geology, XL. 109.
278
Bridport Harbour, the Fault in Cliff West of, XL, 118.
Britford Church, Salisbury, XXII., Ixx.
Bronze, Notes on, XXI., 40.
,, Implements found at Lul worth, XXV., xxiii.
Brownsea Island, XXVI., Ixi. and 187.
Buckland Newton, Parish Register of, X., 97.
Buckman, Professor, In Manorial)!, VII., 1.
Burning Cliff at Hoi worth, XXV., xl.
Buzbury Encampment, IV., 9-5.
Canada, Snows of, XXIII., 58.
Canford Church, X., 146.
Castorida-, Castor Fiber, XVI., 163.
Cattistock Old Church, XXIII., Ivi.
Cerne Abbey, XXII., xl.
,, Barn, X., 187 ; XXII., xliii. and 64.
Book of, XXI., 153.
Church, XXII., xxxix.
Giant, XXII., xliii. and 101.
Chalbury Kings and Kimbury, XXI., 188.
Chantries of Dorset, XXVII., 214.
Charles II. in the Channel Islands, XXV., 172.
Dorset, VIII., 9 ; XXV., xlviii.
Charlock, Remarkable Deformity in, XII., 157.
Charmouth, King Charles II. at, XXV., Ix.
Chelonian Eeptile from the Middle Purbecks (Fossil), VI., 66.
Cherry, on the, II., 76.
Cherry Tree at Over Compton, II., 93.
Chesil Beach, XXIII., xliii. ; XXIV., 1 ; XXVI., Ixv.
,, Fish Recently Taken 011 the, X., 162.
,, Grading of the Shingle, XIX., 113.
,, ,, Movements of Load of Brickbats, XXIII., 123.
Chickerell Church, XIX., 55.
Fossil Crocodile at, XX., 171.
Chimseroid Fin-spine from the Portland Stone, XXVII., 181.
Church Bands, the Old, of the Past Century, XXVI., 172.
,, Bells of Dorset, XIX., 25; XXIV., 103; XXV., 33; XXVI., 204;
XXVII., 93.
Goods of Dorset, 1552, XXV., 193 ; XXVI., 102.
Churches in Dorchester Rural Deanery (Dorchester portion), Historical and
Descriptive Sketch, XII., 36.
Churchills and Digbys. Miiiterne, Its Connection with the, X., 89.
Cimoliotaurus Richardsoni, Lydekker, n. sp., X., 171.
Clausilia. Rolph'n (new to Dorset), XIX., 109.
279
Coal in Dorset, XXII., Ixvii.
Coast Changes, XX., 109.
Contoured Maps, on the Reading of, XXIII., 41.
Coombe Pyne, XXV., Ixx.
Coram, Captain Thomas, and the Foundling Hospital, XIII., 141.
Cornbrash of Closworth, Note on a Gavial Skull from the, I., 23.
,, Sections in Dorset, I., 22.
Coronella Icevis, VII., 84.
Corton, VIII., 71.
,, Ancient Free Chapel, XV., 164.
Courts of Law holden in Weymouth and Melcombe Eegis in XVI. and XVII.
Centuries, I., 15.
Cranbonie, Castle Hill, XI., 148.
,, and Tewkesbury, Ancient Connection between, VIII., 29.
Chase, XXIII., xxxiii.
,, Manor House and Church, XXIII., xxxv.
So-called Castle, IV., 134.
Creech Barrow, XXII., liv. ; XXIII., 145.
Cromlech, Notes 011 the Portesham, II., 104 (see " Helstone ").
Cross-legged Effigies in Dorset, XXVII., 1.
Cumming, M.D., William, XXIV., 34.
Daniel Defoe in Dorsetshire, I., 67.
Decoys and Swan Marks, VIII., 1.
Dewlish Elephant Bed, XIV., 139.
,, Elcplias Meridional-is, found at, X., 1.
Digbys. Miiiterne, Its Connection with the Churchills a.nd, X., F9.
Dinosaur (Iguanodon't) Footprints from the Purbeck Beds of Swanage, XVII.,
115.
Dog Violet, Note on, I., 36.
Domesday, Notes 011 a Book called, belonging to the Mayor and Corporation of
' Dorchester, XL, 34.
Dorchester, Antiquities of, XVI., 150.
,, Amphitheatre, VII., 66.
Arms of, XVIII., 100.
,, Bronze Hair Pin from, IV., 104.
,, Churches in Eural Deanery of, XII., 35.
History of, XX., 123.
,, Human Remains found at Wareham House, XIV., 105.
,, Notes on Book called Domesday, XL, 34.
,, ,, Minute Book belonging to Corporation, X., 71 ; XV., 142.
,, Roman Defences, XII. , 135.
Saxon Pendant, II., 109.
,, Water Supply of Ancient, XXII. , SO and 84,
280
Dorset Brasses, Ancient Memorial, XXVII., 234.
,, Burial, Death, and Marriage Customs and Superstitions, XIV., 182.
Chantries, XXVII., 214.
Dialect : Poems in the, by Eev. Wm. Barnes, XXVI., 222.
,, Gaol and the Monmouth Rebellion, XXV., 140.
Songs, Old, XXVII., 24.
Dotterell in Dorset, VI., 29.
Downtoii Church, XXII., Ixxiv.
Moot, XXII., Ixxv.
Druidical Circle, Megalithic Remains at Poxwell, VI., 55 ; XXI., 150.
Dungeon or Dunset Camp, XXI., 203.
Durden, of Blandford, In Manorial}), the late Mr., XIII., xvii.
Durnovaria, Walls and Gates of, XIV., 44.
Earthquakes Volcanoes and, VII., 5.
Earwig, the Great, VIII., 61.
Effigies in Dorset, Cross-legged, XXVII., 1.
Eggardun, Hill Fortress, Critical and Material Examination, XXII., 23.
Eggerdon and British Tribeship, V., 40.
,, Hill, Its Camp and Its Geology, XX.. 174.
ElepJias meridioiialiSj found at Dewlish, X., 1.
Ellesdon's Farm, XXV., Ix.
Ellingham Church, XV., 13.
Epischnia Bankcsidla, Moth New to Science, from Portland, X., 192.
Eponymous Families of Dorset, XXII., 119.
Ergot, VIII., 67.
Erosion of Coast near Weymouth, X., 180.
Evershot Church, XVII., 64.
Exeter, XXII., xliv.
F
Fairy Pipes, on so-called, II., 28.
Fiddleford, XVI., 55.
Fifehead Magdalen, XXIV., xxxix.
Neville Roman Villa, XXIV., Ixxiv., 172.
Fish of Dorset, Habits, Mode of Capture, &c., XVIII., 1.
Recently Taken on Chesil Beach, X., 162.
Fitz Grip, Barony of Wife of Hugh, XIV., 114.
Fleet, The, XXVI., Ixv.
,. Flora, XXVI., 251.
,, Geology of the District, XXVI., Ixv.
Tides of, XXVI., Ixviii.
,, Old Church and Its Brasses, XIX., 59.
Flint Implements found at Portesham, XVII., 192,
Flint Plateau Flint Implements, XIX., 130.
Worked, II., 97.
Flora, British, Climatological and Geological Changes, XXI., 1.
,, of the Chesil Bank and Fleet, XXVI., 251.
Dorset., XV., 74.
Flowering of Plants, Observations on, X., 214 ; XI., 217 ; XII., 195 ; XIII.,
239; XIV., 201 ; XV., 195; XVI., 185; XVII., 197; XVIII., 185;
XIX., 202; XX., 182; XXL, 236; XXIL, 147; XXIIL, 209;
XXIV., 178 ; XXV., 275; XXVI., 266; XXVII., 259.
Folk Speech and Superstitions, Dorsetshire, Eelating to Natural History, X., 19.
Forde Abbey, IX., 136.
Fordington, Notes on the Manor of, XIII., 152.
St. George, V., 9i.
Fossil Beds of Bradford Abbas, I., 64.
,, Crocodile (Steneosaurus) at Chickerell, XX., 171.
Cycads, II., 1.
,, Eeptiles of Dorset, IX., 1.
Fossils from the Upper Greensand, in Dorset County Museum, XVII., 93.
Frampton Church, XXIII., li.
Frome Valley, XXIIL, 1.
Vauchurch, XXIIL, lii.
Fuddling Cup, XXIV., xxvi.
Gandhara Sculptures, XXIV., 93.
Gasteropods, Series of Sinistral, III., 135.
Gavial Skull from Cornbrash of Closworth, I., 28.
Geology of Bournemouth, VII., 28.
Bridport, XL, 109.
Creech Barrow, XXIL, liv.
,, Eggardon Hill, XX., 174.
, , Fleet District, XXVI. , Ixv.
,, Osmington Coast, XXV., xl.
Portesham and District, XXIV., 194.
Portland, VI. , 58.
Purbeck, XXIIL, 146.
Shaftesbury and District, XXIV., 59.
Vale of Wardour, V., 57.
Gillingham, New Ichthyopterygian from Kimmeridge Clay of (Ophthalmosaurus
Pkydellt), XL, 7.
Glaciation South of the Thames, XIX., 130.
Glanvilles Wootton Church, XXL, 210.
,, Manor House Collections, XXL, 223.
,, ,, Round Chimneys, XXL, 218.
Glass Rope Sponge, II., 21.
282
Glass Bottles Stamped, I., 59.
Glastonbury Lake Dwellings, XIX., 172.
Gold Ornaments, Ancient, IV., 153.
Gussage St. Michael Church and
All Saints' XVII., 80.
H
Hadrian and Antonine, Walls of, XIV., 29.
Hairpin, Bronze, from Dorchester, IV., 104.
Hambleton Hill, XVI., 156.
Hampshire Manor House, a By-road to History, XV., 1.
Hazelbury Bryan Parish Church, XIV., 95.
Helstone on Eidge Hill, Portesham, II., 104 ; XV., 52 ; XVI., 175.
ffistionotus (oiffidfd'is, XI., 91.
Histories of Dorset, XXIV., xxx.
Holme Priory, XI., 142 ; XIV.. 108.
Horseshoes, XXI., 137.
Hourglass and Stand in Bloxworth Church, III., 34.
,, ,, Easthope ,, Much Wenlock, Shropshire, IX., 127.
Hours of the Virgin, Manuscript Book, XIV., 80.
I
Ichthyopterygiaii from Kimmeridge Clay of Gillingham, XI., 7.
Inguisitiones Post Mortem for Dorset :
., from Henry III. to Eichard III., XVII.. 1.
Henry VII. to Charles I.. XX., 23.
Insects, Observations on the Appearances of, X., 214; XI., 217; XII., 195;
XIII., 239 ; XIV., 201 ; XV., 195 ; XVI., 185 ; XVII., 197; XVIII.,
185; XIX., 202; XX., 182; XXL, 236; XXIL, 147; XXIIL, 209;
XXIV., 178 ; XXV., 275; XXVL, 266; XXVIL, 259.
Iron Deposits, the Abbotsbury, VIIL, 64.
Iwerne Church, XVI., 44.
J
John, Dorset and King, Notes on Pipe Eolls, XV., 117 ; XVI., 129 ; XIX., 65.
,, King John's House, Cranborne, XXIIL, xxxiii.
,, ,, Tollard Eoyal, XXIV., 10.
Jordan Cliff, Landslip on, XXIL, 91.
Journal of Excursion to Eastbury and Bristol, 1767, Sir Joseph Banks, Bart.,
XXL, 143.
Jupiter, Markings of, XXIL, 56.
Kimmeridge Coal Money and other Articles manufactured from Kimmeridge
Shale, XIII;, 178.
283
Kimmeridge Shale, XV., 172.
Kingston Lacy, XL, 159 ; XXVIL, lii.
Knowlton Church and Earthwork, XVII. , 135.
Lake Dwellings at Glastonbury, XIX., 172.
Lamprothamnus Alopccuroidcs (Braun) in Dorset, XIII., 163.
Landslip at Dowlands, XXV., Ixviii ; XXVI., 182.
Langton Herring, XIV., 165 ; XXVI. , Ixiii.
Cross, XXVI., Ixiii.
La-vatera silvesttis, VI., 74.
Leafbeds, Bournemouth, XVI., 178.
Lccrsia oryzoidcs, Order Oryzeae, a grass new to Dorset, XIX., 106.
Leigh Maze or Mizmaze, IV., 154.
Lepidoptera, Dorset, Rare and Local lately found, VIII., 55.
,, ,, Two Species New to Science :
Gchchia Portlandicella and Ncpticula auromarginclla, XL,
174.
in 1891, XIII., 168 ; in 1896, XXVIL, 263.
,, ,, Epischnia Banlccsiella, a Species New to Science, XV., 59.
Hijpcna Obsitalls (Hiibner), Deltoid Moth New to Britain, VI., 70.
,, Lycana Argiadcs (Pall), Butterfly New to Britain, VII., 79.
,, Moth New to Britain, Occurrence in Dorset of Butalis Siccella,
Zeller, IX., 118.
,, ,, On Case of Apparent Substitution of Wing for Leg., XL, 64.
Moths, Dorset Clothes, and Their Habits, XVIII. , 138.
Portland, I., 54 ; XL, 46 ; XVII. , 146.
Purbeck, VI., 128 ; X., 197.
,, Tinea subtilella, a species new to the British Fauna, XIL, 161.
Tinea vinculella, a Species New to British Fauna, XVI., 81.
Lightning at Bloxworth, Effects of a Flash of, VIII. , 74.
Liscombe : Its Chapel, Monastic House, and Barn, XXVL, 1.
Littorina ruclis, Monstrosities of, XIII. , 191.
Longford Castle, Salisbury, XXII. , Ixxii.
Lulworth XIIL, 140; XXVIL, xliii.
Lunar Cruciform Halo, XXVL, xxxiv.
Rainbow, Double, XXIII.,, xxx.
Lyme Regis, XXV., Ixiv. ; XXVL, 182.
Lynchets, Problem of, XXIV., 67; XXV., xxx.
M
Maiden Castle, XIV., 55 ; XXIV., xxxiv.
Newton, XXIII. , liii.
Mammalia of Dorset, XXIV., 18.
284
Mansel-Pleydell, J. C. Esq., In Memoriam, XXIII., Ixii.
,, ,, Presentation of Testimonial to, XVI., xlvii.
,, ,, ,, The Memorial Fund, XXVI., xxix.
Maples in Sherborne Park, I., 33.
Mapperton, XX., 167.
Maps of Dorset, XXIV., xxxii.
Marshwood and Greensand Hills of Vale of, XVIII., 174.
Martin family, Effigy of Member of, Puddletown Church, XIX., 150.
Martiiistown : Barrow Digging, XXV., xxvii. ; XXVI., 6.
Massachusetts, U.S.A., Dorset Colony, IX., 100.
Maze or Mizemaze at Leigh, IV., 154.
Meteors, November, XX., 99.
Meteorological Notes, 1906, XXVII., 265.
Milborne Port Church, XIV., 70.
Milton Abbas XXIV., Ixii.
Abbey IV., 78 ; XXIV., Ixv.
,, ,, Declaration of Indulgence, XXV., 187.
Milton Abbey, Incised Slab, XXV., 191.
Legend of, XVI., 159.
Old Town, XXV., 1.
Some Antiquities, XXVI., 195.
,, ,, St. Catherine's Chapel, XXIV., Ixiii.
Minterne Church, XXII., xxxiv.
,, Its Connection with Churchills and Digbys, X., 89.
,, House Tapestry, XXII., xxxvi.
Missel Thrushes, Nesting of a Pair at Montevideo, Chickerell, XXIII., 67.
Mollusca, Land and Freshwater, VI., 76, 178.
,, from a Eaised Beach at Portland, XVI., 171.
Monmouth's Rebellion, Eebels in the Duke of, V., 99.
,, ,, Dorchester Gaol and the, XXV., 140.
Montevideo, Chickerell, Collections at, XIX., 154 ; XXVI., Ixix.
Morel, the, III., 36.
Morton, Cardinal, III., 49.
Mosses of a Dorset Parish, V., 150.
Mycetozoa, XIII., 130.
N
Natural History Notes, XIX., 43.
of Alaska, XXV., 8.
Naturalist in Australia, XXVI., 160.
Naturalist's Calendar for Dorset, Construction of, IX., 130.
Neolithic Kitchen Midden at Blashenwell, XVII., 67.
New Forest, XIV., 62.
Newton Manor, Swanage, XVIII., 45.
285
O
Oidium Balsamii, IV., 110.
Okeford Fitzpaine, Albian Fossils discovered at, XVIII., 66.
,, Church, XXIV., Ixxiii.
,, ,, Recent Discoveries at, IV., 91.
Old Dorset Songs, XXVII., 24.
Old Glass Bottles from Thornford, I., 89.
Oolite Beds of Sherbome, a Cone from the Inferior, V., 141.
., Top of the Inferior, &c., XIV., 37.
OpModes or Pscudophia Lunaris, XXVII., 176.
Ophiurclla, a New Species of, IV., 56.
Ophthalmosaurus Pleyddli, New Ichthyopterygian, XI., 7.
Osmington Church, XXV., xxxix.
Over Compton, On the Cherry Tree at, I., 93.
Pagan -Christian Overlap, XVIII., 116.
Parnham, XXI., 229.
Parsnips, on Ennobling of Roots, IV., 105.
Pavements, Roman, XXV1L, 239.
Peat Mosses, Charred Pinewood from Dorset, XVI., 14.
Pennsylvania Castle, XXIII., xlvii.
Perseus, New Star in Constellation, XXII., 53.
Phalangidea, or Harvest Men, British Species of, XI., 163.
Phoenician Commerce, Colonisation, and Enterprise, Influence on England, XX.,
113.
Pholidophorus, Mesozoic Ganoid Fish, from Chickerell, XVIII., 150.
Photographic Survey of County, XV., 18.
Piddletown Church, Effigy of a Martin, XIX., 150.
Pillesdon Manor, VII., 106.
Pilsdon, VII., 102 ; XIX., xxxi.
Pipe Rolls of Dorset, XIV., 119 ; XV., 117 ; XVI., 129 ; XIX., 65.
Plantago coronopus, var. ceratophyllon, Rapin, XVII., 87.
Plateau and Valley Gravels, Sarsen Stones at Littlebredy and Elsewhere in the
County, XVI., 75.
Flint Implements, XIX., 130.
Plush, XV., 55.
Poole, Town Cellar, or Church of Monastery of St. Clement's and other Buildings,
IX., 78 ; XXVI., lix.
Portesham Cromlech, or Helstone, II., 104 ; XV., 52 ; XVI., 175.
,, Flint Implements, XVII., 192.
Geology of District, XVII., 194.
Portland, Ancient Interment on The Verne, XIII., 232.
Geological Notes on the Island, VI., 58.
,, Historical : Descent of Manor, &c., XII., 115.
286
Portland, Lepidoptera of, I., 54 ; X., 192 ; XI., 46 ; XII., 161 ; XVII., 146.
,, Pennsylvania Castle, XXIII., xlvii.
Raised Beach, XXIII., xlvi.
Ruined Churches of St. Andrew, XIX., 123.
Stone Quarries, XII., 187; XXIII., xlvi.
,, ,, New Chimseroid Fin-spine from the, XXVII., 1S1.
Potato Disease, IV., 116.
Pottery and Brick -making, Historical Dissertation on, XVII., 127.
Poundbury, Pastoral Camp and Old Dunium of Ptolemy, XVI., 48.
Powerstock Church and Castle, XX., 137.
Poxwell, Druid's Temple or Druidical Circle at, VI., 55 ; XXI., 150.
Preston, Eoman Pavement, XXI., 205.
Pscudophia Ltoiaris, XXVII., 176.
Punfield Cove, Beds of, VII., 43.
Purbeck Geology, XXIII., 146.
Lepidoptera, VI., 123; X., 197.
Wild Flowers in December, XI., 82.
Pycnodont Fish of the Genus Mesodon, XXVII., 183.
Rainfall, Dorset Monthly, XVIII., 153.
,, Report on the Returns: -X., 214; XI., 217; 'XII., 195; XIII., 239;
XIV., 201 ; XV., 195 ; XVI., 17 and 195; XVII., 210; XVIII., 193 ;
XIX., 161 ; XX., 81 ; XXI., Ill ; XXII., 68 ; XXIII., 134 ; XXIV.,
56; XXV., 129; XXVI., 88; XXVII., 138.
Rampisham, XXIII., lv.
Reptiles of Dorset, XV., 90.
Ridgway Fault, X., 55.
Rimbury, XXI., 188.
Ringed Plover (Aegialitis hiaticola), XXVII., 189.
Ringstead Church, XXV., 44.
Roe-deer (Capreolm Caprea], History, Recent and Palfeontological, XXIII., 1.
Rolls of the Court Baron of the Manor of Winterbome Waste, XXVII., 44.
Roman Amphora or Wine Jar, XI., 88.
,, Fortification, with Special Reference to the Roman Defences of
Dorchester, XII., 135.
Pavements and Intrecci of the Country, XXI., 162 ; XXVII,, 239.
, , Pavement at Preston, XXI. , 205.
,, Roads : Notes on So-called, V., 69.
,, Road from Badbury Rings to the Wiltshire Boundary near Ashmore,
IX., 147.
Villa at Fifehead Neville, XXIV., 172.
Thornford, I., 41.
Well at Winterbome Kingston, XI., 1.
287
Romano -British Eelics found at Max Gate, Dorchester, XI., 78.
Books, IX., 123.
,, Planting Acorns, XII., 132.
Boots, Ennobling of, with Particular Beference to the Parsnip, IV., 105.
Boot Crops, Experiments on the Growth of, IV., 58.
Bubi, Dorset, XIV., 179.
Bubus Lately found in Dorset : Notes on Bare Forms of, XII., 71.
s
Salisbury Cathedral Church : Its Mediaeval Altars, XIX., 1.
XXII., Ixx.
Salts of Iron : Illustrative of Colours of Bocks, II., 63.
Saiidsfoot Castle, III., 20 ; XXIII., 43.
Sarsen Stones at Littlebredy and Elsewhere in the County, XVI., 75.
Savage Family in Bloxworth Church, Armorials of, X., 153.
Saxon Churches, XIX., 51.
,, Church Architecture, XXIII., 87.
,, ,, Bradford-on-Avon, XXVL, 1.
,, Pendant from Dorchester, II., 109.
,, Situlse or Buckets, IV., 93.
Scorpions, British Species of False, XIII., 199.
Seeing Power of Beasts and Birds, XXIII., 53.
Shaftesbury, XV., 36 ; XXIV., liii.
History of, III., 27; IV., 77.
St. Peter's Church and Abbey, XXTV., hv.
Tout Hill, III., 48.
Town Hall, XXIV., Ivii.
Shells, New and Bare Dorset Land, XII., 99.
Sherborne Abbey Church, XXV., li.
,, ,, and School, XXV., xlviii. and 161.
,, Cone from Inferior Oolite Beds, V., 141.
Old Castle, XXV., liii.
Park, the Maples in, L, 33.
School, External Growth of, XII., 105.
Shillingstone, Incised Slab at, XXV., 184.
Snows of Canada, XXIII., 58.
Songs, Old Dorset, XX VII., 24.
Sorcery and Witchcraft, V., 1.
Sparassis crispa, I., 40.
SphcereUa taxi, VI., 52.
Spiders, New and Bare British, IV., 147; VI.,, 1 ; VII., 70 ; X., 107 ; XII., 80;
XIV., 142; XV., 103; XVI., 92; XVII., 55; XVIIL, 108; XX., 1;
XXL, 18; XXIII., 16; XXIV., 149; XXVL, 41 ; XXVIL, 72.
Squirrel, Habits of the, XL, 27.
Stone Implements in the Dorset County Museum, XII., 16.
Marks, Local, XV., 167.
Quarries of Portland, XII., 187.
Stratton Church and Village Cross, XVI., 1.
Stuart-Gray, Presentation of Testimonial to the Hon. Morton G., XII., xxxv.
Studland, Preservation of the Church of St. Nicholas, XII., 164.
Sturminster Castle, XXIV., Ixxvi.
Sun, Assistance of, in Finding Traces of Destroyed Earthworks and Buildings,
XVIII., 169.
,, Dial, Cruciform at Dorset County Hospital, XXIII., 191.
,, and Moon Dial combined, XXIV., xxvii.
Spots, XXV., 157.
Superstitions, Dorsetshire Birth, Death, and Marriage Customs and, XIV., 182.
Surnames, Dorset, XVII., 184.
Swan Marks, Decoys and, VIII., 1.
Swanage, Newton. Manor, XVIII., 44.
Symbolism, Examples of, XXV., 17.
Tarrant Eushton, XVIII., 55.
Telegraph in Dorset Before the Days of Electricity, XI., 135.
Tenacity of Vegetable Life, XVII., 123.
Terelratula Morierei, III., 39 and 42.
Terraces, Hill, XXII., 91.
Tesselated Pavements, Eoman, XXL, 162 ; XXVIL, 239.
Testacclla Maugcl, V., 136 ; XXVL, xxvi.
Thornford, Old Glass Bottles from, L, 89.
Tokens, Dorset, 17th Century, IX., 40.
Tollard Royal, King John's house at, XXIV., 10.
Toller Fratrum, XXIII, liii.
Topography of Old Dorset, XXLV., xxviii.
Torquay, XXII. , xlviii.
Torque, V., 47.
Tout Hill, Shaftesbury, III., 48.
Trees, Rare, in Abbotsbury Castle Gardens, XV., 184.
Trigonia bclla, from Eype, Bridport, V., 153.
claveHata, II., 19.
Trigonia!, Dorset, III., 111.
Tumuli of ,, Analysis of Celtic, IX., 55.
Tyneham, XXII, Ixvi. and Ixviii.
u
Urns, Ancient British, XII., 180.
Ustilago segetum in Cereal Crops of 1883, V., 88.
Utricularia, British Species of, XV., 81.
289
V
Valleys in the Chalk Downs of North Dorset, Origin of, XVI., 5.
Vespasian, Invasion of South-West of Britain by, VI., 18.
Volcanoes and Earthquakes, VII., 5.
W
Wardour Castle, Old, XV., 26 ; XXIV., Ixi.
,, Geology of the Vale of, V., 57.
Wareham, Its Invasions and Battles, XIII., 82.
,, ,, Origin and History, XV., 70.
,, ,, Religious Foundations and Norman Castle, XIX., 82.
,, Roman and the Claudian Invasion, XIII., 115.
,, ,, Occupation of, XX., 148.
Water Supply, XXVII., 147.
Warne, Chas., Esq., F.S.A., In Memoriam, IX., xv.
Warmwell House, XXV., xlvi.
Water Analyses a Hundred Years ago, XVII., 141.
Supply of Wareham, XXVII., 147.
Welsh in Dorset, III., 74.
Weymouth and Melcombe Regis in the 16th and 17th Centuries, the Courts of
Law Holden in, I., 15.
,, Erosion of Coast near, by Action of Sea, X., 180.
,, Gale of February, 1899, Effect on Beach East of, XX., 179.
Whirlwind at Bloxworth, XVII., 76.
Whitechurch Canonicorum, Church of St. Candida and St. Cross, XIX., 145.
Whiteway, of Dorchester, Diary of William, XIII., 57.
,, ,, Commonplace Book of a Dorsetshire Man, XVI., 59.
Wimborne Minster, XXVII., xlvii.
,, ,, Lantern Tower, X., 142.
St. Margaret's Hospital, XVII., 109.
Winterborne Clenstone, V., 16.
Kingston, Roman Wall, XI., 1.
,, Steepleton Church, Early -sculptured Stone in, V., 81.
Waste, Rolls of the Court Baron of, XXVII., 44.
Wise Bird, Pagan -Christian Overlap, with Dorset Ilhistrations, XVIII., 116.
Witchcraft and Sorcery, V., 1.
,, in Dorset, XIII., 35.
Wood, Memoir of the Late Rev. Henry Hayton, V., xiii.
Woodbury Hill, VII., 93.
Woodsford Castle, XX., 161.
Wool Church, XXVII., xliii.
Manor House and Barn, XXVII., xxxix.
Woolbridge, Bindon Abbey and, VII., 54.
Wookey Hole, XIX., 176.
290
Worgret Hill and the Wareham Water Supply, XXVII., 147.
Worked Mints, II., 97.
Worm, New British Alhirus tetraedus, X., 139.
Wraxhall, XXIII., liv.
Wyke Kegis Church, XXIII., xxxviii.
Wynford Eagle, XXIII., lii.
Y
Yetminster Church, XII., 146.
Z
Zoological Notes, XXVII., 262.
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