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Full text of "Proceedings"

I, 



- 




DORSET MTU MIi HISTORY 



FIELD GM1B. 



EDITED BY 

C. W. H. DICKER. 



VOLUME XXX. 






DC 

PRINTED AT THH IK HIM T COVM V CHRONICLK OFKIl'E. 

Mi 



DA 




ry 

984726 



CONTENTS. 

PAGK 

List of Officers of the Club since its inauguration . . . . v. 

Rules of the Club . . . . . . . . . . vi. 

List of Officers, Honorary Members, and Members . . . . xi. 

List of New Members elected since the publication of Vol. XXIX. . . xxiv. 

Publications of the Club ; Societies in correspondence with the Club . . xxvi. 

THB PROCEEDINGS OP THE CLUB during the Season 1908-1909 

First Winter Meeting . . . . . . . . xxvii. 

Second Winter Meeting . . . . . . . . xxxvii. 

Annual General Meeting . . . . . . . . xxxi. 

MEETING AT GAME AND OWEEMOIGNE . . . . . . xli- 

Came House .. .. .. .. .. ,, 

Came Church . . . . . . . . . xlii. 

Whitcpmbe Church . . . . . . . . . xliv. 

The Littlemayne Sarsens . . . . . . . xlv. 

Poxwell House and Circle . . . . . . . X ^V 

Owermoigrie Court . . . . . . . . . xlviii. 

Came Rectory . . . . . . . . . xlix. 

MEETING IN THE TAEEANT VALLEY . . . . . H. 

Crawford Castle . . . . . . . . . ,, 

Tarrant Crawford : Its Church and Abbey . . . . ,, 

Tarrant Keynston Church . . . . . . . . lii. 

Tarrant Rushton .. .. .. . . .. ,, 

The Rushton Rectory Museum. Business Meeting . . . . liv. 

County Deeds. Valuable Gift by Mr. E. A. Fry . . . . 

Tarrant Rawston . . '. . . . . . . . Ivi. 

Tairant Monkton .. .. .. .. ,, 

Tarrant Hinton . . . . . . . . . . Ivii. 

Tarrant Gunville and Eastbury . . . . . . ,, 

MEETING AT TAUNTON AND DTJNSTEE . . . . . . lix. 

Cleeve Abbey . . . . . . . . . . , , 

Taunton Castle and Museum . . . . . . . . Ixi. 

The Avebury Excavations . . . . . . . Ixiv. 

Magdalene Church and Priory " Barn " . . . . Ixvi. 

Dunster Castle .. .. .. .. .. ,, 

Dunster Priory Church . . . . . . . . Ixviii. 

MEETING AT ST. ^-ELDHELM'S HEAD . . . . . . . . Ixx- 

Blashenwell and Its " Finds " . . . . . . Ixxiii- 

Kingston and Its Churches . . . . . . . . ,, 

Worth Matravers Church . . . . . . . . Ixxv. 

St. ^Idhelm's Chapel . . . . . . . . Ixxvi. 

The Geology of the District . . . . . . . . Ixxvii. 

The Hon. Treasurer's Statement of the Club's Receipts and Expen- 
diture . . . . . . . . . . Ixxxi. 

The Hon. Secretary's Accounts . . . . . . . . Ixxxii. 

Anniversary Address of the President . . . . . . Ixxxiii. 

In Memoriam Mr. Wilfrid Hudleston Hudleston, M. A., F.R.S. .. civ. 

In Memoriam Henry Storks Eaton, M.A., by N. M. Richardson . . cvi. 



The Roman Villa at Hemsworth,by the Rev. G. H. Engleheart, M.A., 

F.S.A. .. .. .. .. .. 1 

Dorset Chantries, by E. A. Fry . . . . . . . . 13 

Some British and Romano -B'ritish Coins found in Dorset, by Henry 

Symonds . . . . . . . . . . 58 

The Status of Peasantry in Portland, by Mrs. King Warry . . 71 

Some Ancient Customs of the Manors of Strattoii and Grimston, Co. 

Dorset, by Alfred Pope, F.S.A., F.M.S. . . . . 83 

On British Arachnida, noted and observed in 1908, by Rev. O. 

Pickard- Cam bridge, M.A., F.R.S., &c. .. .. 97 

Notes on the Dorset Flora, by the Rev. E. F. Liuton, M.A. . . 11(3 

The Mediaeval Floor Tiles of St. George's Church, Fordington, by the 

Rev. R. Grosvenor Bartelot, M.A. . . . . . . 133 

Note on a Chelonian Skull from the Pui'l>eck Beds of Swanage, by 

A. Smith Woodward, LL.D., F.R.S. .. .. .. 143 

Returns of Rainfall, &c., in Dorset in 190S, by H. Stilwell . . 145 

Tarrant Gunville, by E. A. Fry . . . . . . . . 159 

The Sequence and Evolution of Architectural Styles in the Church of 

Fordington St. George, Dorchester, by Jem Feacey . . 164 

Registrum Abbathifc de Middeltone in scaccario 197 



A Register of the Abbey of Milton in the Exchequer, Translation by 

B. Fossett Lock, Barrister-at-Law . . . . . . 203 

Interim Report on the Excavations at Maumbury Rings, Dorchester, 

1909, by H. St. George Gray . . . . . . 215 

Notes on some Relics of King Charles I., now in the Possession of 

Major J. Benett-Stanford, of Hatch House, Tisbury . . 236 

Report on the First Appearances of Birds, Insects, &c., and First 

Flowering of Plants in Dorset during 1908, by Nelson M. 

Richardson, B.A. . . . . . . . . 238 

Congress of Archaeological Societies . . . . . . . . 250 

Some Recent and Forthcoming Books, &c. . . . . . . 252 

Index to Vol. XXX. . . . . . . . . 255 



INDEX TO PLATES & ENGRAVINGS. 

PAGE OB TO 
FACE PAGE. 

" Mock Suns," as seen from Waterson Ridge, Feb. 15, 1909 . . xxxiv. 
Came and Owermoigne 

Plan of Stone Circle at Rempstone . . . . . . xlv. 

Plan of Farm at Little Mayne, Dorset . . . . . . xlvi. 

Tarrant Crawford Church . . . . . . . . li. 

Tympanum, Tarrant Rushton . . . . . . . . liii. 

Part of an Ancient Building at Scoles Farm . . . . Ixx. 

St. JEldhelm's Chapel . . . . . . . . Ixxvi. 

Geological Section across the Isle of Purbeck . . . . Ixxviii. 

The late Henry Storks Eaton, Esq. . . . . . . cvi. 

The Roman Villa at Hems worth . . . . . . 1 

Pavement with Head of Uncertain Attribution ; Venus Pave- 
ment ; Hypocaust adjoining Bathroom ; Mosaic Floor of 

Water-bath .. .. .. .. .. 12 

British and Romano -British Coins . . . . . . 58 

The Old Manor House, Stratton, Dorset . . . . . . 83 

Survey of the Manor of Stratton, 1649 . . . . . . 87 

Old Oak Overmantel in Stratton M anor House . . . . 89 

A View of Frank -pledge ; Presentments of Court Baron ; The 

Manor of Stratton, 1838 . . . . . . 96 

British Arachnida, Plate A . . . . . . . . 97 

The Mediaeval Floor Tiles of St. George's Church, Fordington 
The Arms of the Family of Redvers Earls of Devon and also of 
the Daccombes of Dorset ; The St. Catherine Wheel ; The 
Quarterfoil Cross Pattern ; The Doves and Cross Pattern ; 
The De Redvers or Daccombe Arms ; Period I., Period II., 

Period III. . . . . . . . . . . 136 

Chelonian Skull from Purbeck Beds, Swanage . . . . 143 

The Sequence and Evolution of Architectural Stylesiin the Church 

of Fordington St. George, Dorchester- 
Plan of the Church of Fordington St. George, Dorchester, 

A.D 1906 .. .. .. 164 

Plate No. 10 .... 166 

,, No. 7 .. .. .. .. 177 

Tympanum over South Entrance Doorway 178 

Plate No. 3 .. .. .. 179 

No. 8 181 

1*o. 2 .. .. .. .. 182 

No. 9 .. .. .. .. 183 

No. 4 .. .. .. .. .. 184 

Xo - 6 .. .. .. .. .. 190 

Excavations at Maumbury Rings 

Plate I. .... .. 217 

Figs. 1 and 2 . . 995 

Plate II. .. ;; 227 

Objects found at MaumTmry Rmps, 1909 . . . . 29 

Cast of the Face of King Charles I. now in the possession of 

Major Benett-Stanford . . . . 236 

Gloves worn on the Scaffold by King Charles I. 237 

Autograph Letter of King Charles to Prince Rupert 

Letter to Prince Rupert . . 237 



Dorset 
IRatural UMstors ano antiquarian ffielo Club. 




INAUGURATED MAECH 26TH, 1875. 



Presidents : 

1875-1902 J. C. Mansel-Pleydell, Esq., B.A., F.G.S., F.L.S. 
1902-1904 The Lord Eustace Cecil, F.R.G-.S. 
1904 * Nelson M. Richardson, Esq., B.A. 

Vice -Presidents : 

1875-1882 Rev. H. H. Wood, M.A., F.G.S. 
1875-1884 Professor James Buckman, F.S.A., F.G.S., F.L.S. 
1880-1900 Rev. Canon Sir Talbot Baker, Bart., M.A. 
1880-1900 General Pitt-Rivers, F.R.S. 

1880 * Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge, M.A., F.R.S. , F.Z.S. 

1885 * The Right Hon. the Earl of Moray, M.A., F.S.A. Ed., F.G.S. 

892-1904 Nelson M. Richardson, Esq., B.A. 

1904" 19 2 ( * T 116 Lord Eustace Cecil, F.R.G.S. 

1900-1909 W. H. Hudleston, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., F.L.S., Past Pres. 

Geol. Soc. 
1900-1904 Vaughan Cornish, Esq., D.Sc., F.C.S., F.R.G.S. 

1900 * Captain G. R. Elwes, J.P. 

1902 * H. Colley March, Esq., M.D., F.S.A. 

1904 * Rev. Herbert Pentin, M.A. 

1904 * Rev. W. Miles Barnes, B.A. 

1904 * Rev. J. C. M. Mansel-Pleydell, M.A., R.D. 

1904-190S R. Bosworth Smith, Esq., M.A. 

1908-1909 Henry Storks Eaton, Esq., M.A., Fast Pres. Roy. Met. Soc. 

1909 * Rev. Canon C. H. Mayo, M.A., Dorset Editor of " Somerset and 

Dorset Notes and Queries." 
1909 * E. R. Sykes, Esq., B.A., F.Z.S., Past Pres. Halacological Soc. 

Hon. Secretaries : 

1875-1884 Professor James Buckman, F.S.A., F.G.S., F.L.S. 
1885-1892 The Right Hon. the Earl of Moray, M.A., F.S.A. Ed., F.G.S. 
1892-1902 Nelson M. Richardson, Esq., B.A. 
1902-1904 H. Colley March, Esq., M.D., F.S.A. 
1904 * Rev. Herbert Pentin, M.A. 

Hon. Treasurers : 

1875-1882 Rev. H. H. Wood, M.A., F.G.S. 

1882-1900 Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge, M.A., F.R.S., F.Z.S. 

1901 * Captain G. R. Elwes, J.P. 

Hon. Editors : 

1875-1884 Professor James Buckman, F.S.A., F.G.S., F.L.S. 
1885-1892 The Right Hon. the Earl of Moray, M.A., F.S.A. Ed., F.G.S. 
1S92- 1901 Nelson M. Richardson, Esq., B.A. 
1901-1906 Rev. W. Miles Barnes, B.A. 
190G- 1909 Rev. Herbert Peutin, M.A. 
1909 * Rev. C. W. H. Dicker. 



The asterisk indicates the present officials of the Club. 



VI. 

-RULES 



THE DORSET NATURAL HISTORY AND ANTIQUARIAN 
FIELD CLUB. 



OBJECT AND CONSTITUTION. 

1. The Club shall be called The Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian 
Field Club, and shall have for a short title The Dorset Field Club. 

The object of the Club is to promote and encourage an interest in the study of 
the Physical Sciences and Archaeology generally, especially the Natural History of 
the County of Dorset and its Antiquities, Prehistoric records, and Ethnology. It 
shall use its influence to prevent, as far as possible, the extirpation of rare plants 
and animals, and to promote the preservation of the Antiquities of the County. 

1. The Club shall consist of (i.) three Officers, President, Honorary Secretary, 
and Honorary Treasurer, who shall be elected annually, and shall form the 
Executive body for its management ; (ii.) Vice -Presidents, of whom the 
Honorary Secretary and Treasurer shall be two, ex officio ; (iii.) The Honorary 
Editor of the Annual Volume of Proceedings ; (iv.) Ordinary Members ; (v.) 
Honorary Members. The President, Vice -Presidents, and Editor shall form a 
Council to decide questions referred to them by the Executive and to elect 
Honorary Members. The Editor shall be nominated by one of the incoming 
Executive and elected at the Annual Meeting. 

There may also be one or more Honorary Assistant Secretaries, who shall be 
nominated by the Honorary Secretary, seconded by the President or Treasurer, 
and elected by the Members at the Annual Meeting. 

Members may be appointed by the remaining Officers to fill interim vacancies 
in the Executive Body until the following Annual Meeting. 

The number of the Club shall be limited to 400, power being reserved to the 
Council to select from the list of candidates persons, whose membership they may 
consider to be advantageous to the interests of the Club, to be additional 
Members. 

PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENTS. 

3. The President shall take the chair at all Meetings, and have an original and 
a casting vote on all questions before the Meeting. In addition to the two ex 
officio Vice-Presidents, at least three others shall be nominated by the President, 
or, in his absence, by the Chairman, and elected at the Annual Meeting. 



VI 1. 

HON. SECEETAET. 

4. The Secretary shall perform all the usual secretarial work ; cause a 
programme of each Meeting to be sent to every Member seven days at least 
before such Meeting ; make all preparations for carrying out Meetings and, with 
or without the help of a paid Assistant Secretary or others, conduct all Field 
Meetings. On any question arising between the Secretary (or Acting Secretary) 
and a Member at a Field Meeting, the decision of the Secretary shall be final. 

The Secretary shall receive from each Member his or her share of the day's 
expenses, and thereout defray all incidental costs and charges of the Meeting, 
rendering an account of the same before the Annual Meeting to the Treasurer ; 
any surplus of such collection shall form part of the General Fund, and any 
deficit be defrayed out of that Fund. 

Hox. TBEASTJBEB. 

5. The Treasurer shall keep an account of Subscriptions and all other moneys 
of the Club received and of all Disbursements, rendering at the Annual General 
Meeting a balance sheet of the same, as well as a general statement of the Club's 
finances. He shall send copies of the Annual Volume of Proceedings for each 
year to Ordinary Members who have paid their subscriptions for that year (as 
nearly as may be possible, in the order of such payment), to Honorary Members, 
and to such Societies and individuals as the Club may, from time to time, appoint 
to receive them. He shall also furnish a list at each Annual Meeting, containing 
the names of all Members in arrear, with the amount of their indebtedness to the 
Club. He shall also give notice of their election to all Xew Members. 

OEDINAEY MESIBEES. 

6. Ordinary Members are entitled to be present and take part in the Club's 
proceedings at all Meetings, and to receive the published "Proceedings" of the 
Club, when issued, for the year for which their subscription has been paid. 

7. Every candidate for admission shall be nominated in writing by one 
Member and seconded by another, to both of whom he must be personally known. 
He may be proposed at any Meeting, and his name shall appear in the programme 
of the first following Meeting at which a Ballot is held, when he shall be elected 
by ballot, one black ball in six to exclude. Twelve Members shall form a 
quorum for the purpose of election. A Ballot shall be held at the Annual and 
Winter Meetings, and may be held at any other Meeting, should the Executive 
so decide, notice being given in the programme. In the event of the number of 
vacancies being less than the munber of candidates at four successive Meetings, 
the names of any candidates proposed at the first of such Meetings who have not 
been elected at one of them shall be withdrawn, and shall not be eligible to be 
again proposed for election for at least a year after such withdrawal. Provided 
that if at any Meeting there shall be no vacancies available, it shall not be counted 
in estimating the above named four Meetings. 



8.- The Annual Subscription shall be 10s., which shall become due and 
payable in advance on the 1st of January in each year. Subscriptions paid on 
election after September in each year shall be considered as subscriptions for the 
following year, unless otherwise agreed upon by such Member and the Treasurer. 
Every Member shall pay immediately after his election the sum of ten shillings as 
Entrance Fee, in addition to his first Annual Subscription. 

9.-No person elected a Member shall be entitled to exercise any privilege as 
such until he has paid his Entrance Fee and first Subscription, and no Member 
shall be entitled to receive a copy of the " Proceedings" for any year until his 
Subscription for that year has been paid. 

10.-A registered tetter shall be sent by the Hon. Treasurer to any Member 
whose Subscription is in arrear at the date of any Annual Meeting, demanding 
payment within 28 days, failing which he shall cease to be a Member of the Club, 
but shall, nevertheless, be liable for the arrears then due. 

11. Members desiring to leave the Club shall give notice of the same in 
writing to the Treasurer (or Secretary), but, unless such notice is given before the 
end of January in any year, they shall be liable to pay the Annual Subscription 
due to the Club on and after January 1st in that year. 

HONOEAEY MEMBERS. 

12. Honorary Members shall consist of persons eminent for scientific or 
natural history attainments, and shall be elected by the Council. They pay no 
subscription, and have all the privileges of Ordinary Members, except voting. 

MEETINGS. 

13. The Annual General Meeting shall be held as near the first week in May 
as may be convenient ; to receive the outgoing President's Address (if any) and 
the Treasurer's financial report ; to elect the Officers and Editor for the ensuing 
year ; to determine the number (which shall usually be three or four), dates, and 
places of Field Meetings during the ensuing summer, and for general purposes. 

14. Two Winter Meetings shall usually be held in or about the months of 
December and February for the exhibition of Objects of Interest (to which not 
more than one hour of the time before the reading of the Papers shall be 
devoted), for the reading and discussion of Papers, and for general purposes. 

The Dates and Places of the Winter and Annual Meetings shall be decided by 
the Executive. 

15. A Member may bring Friends to the Meetings subject to the following 
restrictions : No person (except the husband, wife, or child of a Member), may 
attend the Meeting unaccompanied by the Member introducing him, unless such 
Member be prevented from attending by illness, and no Member may take with 
him to a Field Meeting more than one Friend, whose name and address must be 
submitted to the Hon. Secretary and approved by him or the Executive. 



IX. 

The above restrictions do not apply to the Executive or to the Acting Secretary 
at the Meeting. 

16. Members must give due notice (with prepayment of expenses) to the Hon. 
Secretary of their intention to be present, with or without a Friend, at any 
Field Meeting, in return for which the Secretary shall send to the Member a card 
of admission to the Meeting, to be produced when required. Any Member who, 
having given such notice, fails to attend, will be liable only for any expenses 
actually incurred on his account, and any balance will be returned to him on 
application. The sum of Is., or such other amount as the Hon. Secretary may 
consider necessary, shall be charged to each person attending a Field Meeting, for 
Incidental Expenses. 

17. The Executive may at any time call a Special General Meeting of the 
Members upon their own initiative or upon a written requisition (signed by Eight 
Members) being sent to the Honorary Secretary. Any proposition to be submitted 
shall be stated in the Notice, which shall be sent to each Member of the Club not 
later than seven days before the Meeting. 

PAPERS. 

18. Notice shall be given to the Secretary, a convenient time before each 
Meeting, of any motion to be made or any Paper or communication desired to be 
read, with its title and a short sketch of its scope or contents. The insertion of 
these in the Programme is subject to the consent of the Executive. 

19. The Publications of the Club shall be in the hands of the Executive, who 
shall appoint annually Three or more Ordinary Members to form with them and 
the Editor a Publication Committee for the purpose of deciding upon the contents 
of the Annual Volume. These contents shall consist of original papers and 
communications written for the Club, and either read, or accepted as read, at a 
General Meeting ; also of the Secretary's Eeports of Meetings, the Treasurer's 
Financial Statement and Balance Sheet, a list to date of all Members of the Club, 
and of those elected in the current or previous year, with the names of their 
proposers and seconders. The Annual Volume shall be edited by the Editor 
subject to the direction of the Publication Committee. 

20. Twenty -five copies of his paper shall be presented to each author whose 
communication shall appear in the volume as a separate article, on notice being 
given by him to the Publisher to that effect. 



THE AFFILIATION OF SOCIETIES AND LIBBARIES TO THE CLUB. 

21. Any Natural History or Antiquarian Society in the County may be 
affiliated to the Dorset Field Club on payment of an annual fee of Ten Shillings, 
in return for which the annual volume of the Proceedings of the Field Club shall 
be sent to such Society. 




X. 

Every affiliated Society shall send the programme of its Meetings to the Hon. 
Secretary of the Field Club, and shall also report any discoveries of exceptional 
interest. And the Field Club shall send its programme to the Hon. Secretary of 
each affiliated Society. 

The Members of the Field Club shall not be eligible, ipso facto, to attend any 
Meetings of affiliated Societies, and the Members of any affiliated Society shall 
not be eligible, ipso facto, to attend any Meetings of the Field Club. But any 
Member of an affiliated Society shall be eligible to read a paper or make an 
exhibit at the Winter Meetings of the Field Club at Dorchester. 

Any Public Library, or Club or School or College Library, in England or 
elsewhere, may be affiliated to the Dorset Field Club on payment of an annual 
fee of Ten Shillings, in return for which the annual volume of the Proceedings of 
the Field Club shall be sent to such Library. 

SECTIONAL COMMITTEES. 

22. Small Committees may be appointed at the Annual General Meeting to 
report to the Club any interesting facts or discoveries relating to the various 
sections which they represent ; and the Committee of each section may elect one 
of their Members as a Corresponding Secretary. 

NEW RULES. 

23. No alteration in or addition to these Eules shall be made except with the 
consent of a majority of three-fourths of the Members present at the Annual 
General Meeting, full notice of the proposed alteration or addition having been 
given both in the current Programme and in that of the previous Meeting. 



XI. 



Dorset 
Natural fbistors anfc Hntiquarian tfielfc Club. 



INAUGURATED MARCH IGth, 1875. 



President : 
XELSOX M. EICHAEDSOX, ESQ., B.A. 

Vice-Presidenls : 

THE LOED EUSTACE CECIL, F.E.G.S. (Past President). 
EEV. HEEBEET PEXTIX, M.A. (Hon. Secretary). 

CAPTAIN G. E. EL WES, J.P. fHon. Treasurer). 
EEV. J. C. M. MAXSEL-PLEYDELL, M.A., E.D. 

H. COLLEY MAECH, ESQ., M.D., F.S.A. 
EEV. CANON MAYO, M.A., Dorset Editor of " Somerset and Dorset Notes 

and Queries." 

EEV. W. MILES BAEXES, B.A. 

EEV. 0. PICKAED-CAMBEIDGE, M.A., F.E.S., F.Z.S. 

THE EIGHT HON. THE EARL OF MOEAY, M.A., F.S.A. Ed., F.G.S. 

E. E. SYKES, Esq., B.A., F.Z.S. (Past frcs. Malacological Society). 

Hon. Editor : 
Bev. C. W. H. DICKER, Pydeltrenthide Vicarage, Dorchester. 

Executive Body : 

XELSON M. EICHARDSON, Esq., B.A. (President). 
Eev. HERBERT PENTIN, M.A. (Hun. Keeretaryj , Milton Abbey Vicarage, 

Blaudford. 
Captain G. E. ELWBS, J.P. (Hon. Treasurer), Bossington, Bournemouth. 

Publication Committee : 

The EXECUTIVE, The HON. EDITOR, H. B. MIDDLETON, Esq., 
Dr. COLLEY MARCH, and E. E. SYKES, Esq. 

Honorary Members: 

O.M. W. CARRUTHERS, Esq., Ph.D., F.E.S., F.G.S., F.L.S., British Museum 
(Xat. Hist.), South Kensington. 

1888 Eev. OSMOND FISHER, M.A., F.G.S., Graveley, Huntingdon. 

1889 A. M. WALLIS, Esq., 29, Mallams, Portland. 

1900 A. J. JUKES-BROWNE, Esq., B.A., F.E.S., F.G.S., Floriston, Torre, 

Torquay. 

1900 E. LYDEKKER, Esq., F.E.S., The Lodge, Harpenden, Herts. 
1900 CLEMENT EEID, Esq., F.E.S., 28, Jermyii Street, London, S.W. 
1900 A. SMITH WOODWARD, Esq., LL.D., F.E.S., F.G.S., British Museum (Xat. 

Hist.), South Kensington, London. 
1904 Sir WM. THISELTON DYER, K.C.M.G., C.I.E., F.E.S., The Fenis, 

Witcombe, Gloucester. 

1904 Sir FREDERICK TREVES, Bart., G.C.V.O., C.B., LL.D., Thatched House 

Lodge, Eichmond Park, Kingston-on-Thames. 

1905 THOMAS HARDY, Esq., LL.D., Max Gate, Dorchester. 

1909 ALFRED EUSSEL WALLACE, Esq., LL.D., D.C.L., F.E.S., Broadstoue. 



Xll. 



LIST OF MEMBERS 



OF THB 



porset ^laturaC Jbisfor^ & Antiquarian 

@Cu6. 



Tear of 
Election. 



(The initials " 0.J/." signify " Original Member.") 



1903 The Most Hon. the Marquis of 

Salisbury 
1903 The Most Hon. the Marchioness 

of Salisbury 
O.M. The Eight Hon. the Earl of 

Moray, M.A., F.S.A. Ed., 

F.G.S. ( Vice- President) 

1902 The Right Hon. the Earl of 

Shaftesbury 

1884 The Eight Hon. Lord Eustace 
Cecil, Y.'R.Gr.?,. (Vice-President) 

1903 The Eight Hon. the Lady Eustace 

Cecil 

1904 The Eight Eeverend the Lord 

Bishop of Durham, D.D. 
1890 The Eight Eeverend the Lord 
Bishop of Salisbury, D.D., LL.D. 

1892 The Eight Eeverend the Lord 

Bishop of Worcester,D.D., F.S.A 
1889 The Eight Hon. Lord Digby 
1895 The Eight Hon. Lord Walsing- 

ham, F.E.S. 
1903 The Eight Hon. Lord Chelmsford 

1907 The Eight Hon. Lord Wynford 

1907 The Eight Hon. Lady Wynford 

1893 Acland, Captain John E., M.A. 
1892 Acton, Eev. Edward, B.A. 
1899 Aldridge, Mrs. Selina 

1892 Allhusen, Wilton, Esq. 

1907 Allner, Mrs. George 

1908 Almack, Eev. A. C., M.A. 



The Manor House, Cranborne 
The Manor House, Cranborne 

Kinfauns Castle, Perth, N.B. 

St. Giles, Wimborne 

Lytchett Heath, Poole 

Lytchett Heath, Poole 

Auckland Castle, Bishop's Auckland 

The Palace, Salisbury 

. Hartlebury Castle, Kidderminster 
Minterne, Dorchester 

Merton Hall, Thetford, Norfolk 
Governor's House, Brisbane, Queens- 
land, Australia 
Wynford Eagle, Dorset 
Wynford Eagle, Dorset 
Wollaston House, Dorchester 
Iwerne Minster Vicarage, Blandford 
Denewood, Alum Chine Eoad, Bourne- 
mouth 

Pinhay, Lyme Eegis 
National Provincial Bank, Sturminster 

Newton 
The Eectory, Blandford St. Mary 



xiii. 



1906 Atkins, F. T., Esq., M.R.C.S., 

L.E.C.P. Ed. 

1907 Atkinson, George T., Esq., M.A. 

1907 Badcoe, A. C., Esq., B.Sc. 
1902 Baker, Sir E. Eaudolf, Bart. 
1887 Bankes, W. Albert, Esq. 

1884 Baukes, Eustace Ealph, Esq., 
M.A., F.E.S. 

1887 Baukes, Eev. Canon, M.A. 
1906 Bankes, Mrs. 

1902 Barkworth, Edmund, Esq. 
1904 Barlow, Major C. M. 

1894 Barnes, Mrs. John lies 

1889 Barnes, Eev. W. M., B.A. (Vice- 
f resident) 

1903 Barnes, F. J., Esq. 

1903 Barnes, Mrs. F. J. 

1884 Barrett, W. Bowles, Esq. 
1906 Barrow, Eichard, Esq. 

1895 Bartelot, Eev. E. Grosvenor, M.A. 

1886 Baskett, Eev. C. E. 

1893 Baskett, S. E., Esq. 

1904 Baskett, Mrs. S. E. 

1909 Batten, Col. J. Mount, C.B., 
Lord-Lieutenant of Dorset 

1889 Batten, H. B., Esq. 

1888 Beckford, F. J., Esq. 
1903 Bellhouse, Miss M. 

1908 Benett- Stanford, Major J., 

F.E.G.S., F.Z.S. 

1908 Blake, Colonel A. M., C.B. 

O.M. Bond, N., Esq. 

1903 Bond, Gerald Denis, Esq. 

1906 Bond, Nigel de M., Esq., M.A. 

1898 Bond, Wm. H., Esq. 

1903 Bond, Wm. Ealph G., Esq. 

1894 Bonsor, Geo., Esq. 

1889 Bower, H. Syudercombe, Esq. 

1900 Bower, Eev. Charles H. S., M.A. 
1893 Brandreth, Eev. F. W., M.A. 

1901 Breunand, John, Esq. 

1885 Brenuand, W. E., Esq. 



Cathay, AlumhurstEoad, Bournemouth 

Durlstou Court, Swanage 

County Education Office, Dorchester 

Eanston, Blandford 

Wolfeton House, Dorchester 

Norden House, Corfe Castle, Wareham 
The Close, Salisbury 
Kingston Lacy, Wimbonie 
South House, Piddletrenthide 
Southcot, Charmiuster 
Summerhayes, Blandford 

Weymouth Avenue, Dorchester 

Eodwell, Weymouth 

Bod well, Weymouth 

2, Belfield Terrace, Weymouth 

Sorrento House, Sandecotes, Parkstone 

Fordington St. George Vicarage, 

Dorchester 

Monkton Eectory, Dorchester 
Evershot 
Evershot 

Mornington Lodge, West Kensington 

Aldon, Yeovil 

Witley, Parkstone 

Clovelly, Eodwell, Weymouth 

Hatch House, Tisbury, Wilts 

Warmwell House, Dorchester 

Hokne, Wareham 

Holme, Wareham 

83, Coleherne Court, London, S.W. 

Tyneham, Wareham 

Tyueham, Wareham 

The Gables, Spetisbury 

Fontmell Parva, Shillingstone, Bland - 

ford 

Childe Okeford, Shillingstone, Dorset 
Buckland Xewton, Dorchester 
Belmont, Parkstone 
Blaudford 



XIV. 



1905 Bromley, Miss 

1900 Brown, Miss 

1891 Browning, Benjamin, Esq., M.D., 
D.P.H., Staff-Surgeon R.N., 
Fellow of the Sanitary Institute 
of Great Britain 

1895 Brymer, Rev. J. G., M.A. 

1907 Bulfin, Ignatius, Esq. 

1900 Bullen, Colonel John Bullen 

Symes 

1894 Burt, Miss Emma 

1907 Bury, Mrs. Henry 

1897 Busk, W., Esq.. A.R.C.A. 

1905 Busk, W. G., Esq. 

1905 Busk, Mrs. W. G. 

1901 Bussell, Miss Katherine 
1903 Butler-Bowden, Mrs. Bruno 

1906 Butt, Rev. Walter, M.A. 

1891 Carter, William, Esq. 

1893 Chadwick, Mrs. 

1905 Chadwyck-Healey, C. E. H., Esq., 
M.A., K.C.. C.B., F.S.A. 

1903 Champ, A., Esq. 
1897 Chudleigh, Mrs. 

1894 Church, Colonel Arthur 

1904 Clapcott, Miss 

1892 Clarence, Lovell Burchett, 

Esq. 

1905 Clark, Mrs. E. S. 

1895 Clarke, R. Stanley, Esq. 
1883 Colfox, Miss A. L. 
1878 Colfox, T. A., Esq. 

1905 Collins, Stephen, Esq., M.P. 

1907 Collins, Wm. W., Esq., R.I. 
1905 Colville, H. K., Esq. 

1904 Coney, Major Wm. Bicknell 

1902 Cornish, Rev. W. F., M.A. 

1903 Cornish -Browne, C. J., Esq. 
LS91 Cother, Rev. P. L., M.A. 

1900 Cox, Henry, Esq., F.S.A., 

F.R.G.S., M.J.S. 

1901 Crallau, G. E. J., Esq., M.B. 



Grange, Florence Road, Boscombe, 

Bournemouth 
Belle Vue, Shaftesbury 



Bec-en-Hent, Sidmouth, Devon 

Ilsington House, Puddletown 

The Den, Knole Hill, Bournemouth 

Catherston Leweston, near Charmouth 

Purbeck House, Swanage 

May field House, Farnham, Surrey 

West Walks, Dorchester 

Wraxall Manor, Cattistock, Dorchester 

Wraxall Manor, Cattistock, Dorchester 

Thorneloe, Bridport 

Upwey House, Upwey 

Oak wood, Chepstow 

The Hermitage, Parkstone 

Westfield, Cornwall Road, Dorchester 

Wyphurst, Craiileigh, Surrey 
St. Katherine's, Bridport 
West Parley Rectory, Wimborne 
St. Alban's, Rodwell, Weymouth 
South Walks, Dorchester 

Coaxden, Axminster 
St. Aldhelm's, Wareham 
Evershot, Dorchester 
Westmead, Bridport 
Coneygar, Bridport 
Harborne, St. Ann's Hill, Wands- 
worth, S.W. 
Corfe Castle 
Loders Court, Bridport 
Martinstown, Dorchester 
Steepleton Rectory, Dorchester 
Came House, Dorchester 
1, Cleannount, Weymouth 

Radipole Manor, near Weymouth 
The Elms, Park&tone 



1886 Crespi, A. J. H., Esq., B.A., 

M.E.C.P. 
1909 Crickmay, Harry W., Esq. 

188-i Cross, Rev. James, M.A. 
1890 Cull, James, Esq. 

1885 Curme, Decimus, Esq., M.R.C.S. 

1896 Curtis, C. H., Esq. 

1897 Curtis, Wilfrid Parkinson, Esq. 

1903 Dacombe, J. M. J., Esq. 
1907 Daniell, G. H. S., Esq., M.B. 
1907 Dauiell, Miss Margaret 

O.M. Darell, D., Esq., F.G.S., F.L.S., 
F.Z.S. 

1904 Davies, Rev. Canon S. E., M.A. 
1894 Davis, Geo., Esq. 

1909 Day, Cyril D., Esq. 
1904 Deane, Mrs. A. M. 
1904 Dicker, Rev. C. W. H., R.D., 
F.R.G.S. (Hon. Editor) 

1907 Dicker, Miss Eleanor H. 

1903 Digby, Captain H. Montague 

1906 Dixon, J. R. L., Esq., M.R.C.S., 
L.R.C.P. Ed. 

1906 Dodd, Frank Wm., Esq., 

M.Inst.C.E. 

1908 Dodington, H. P. Marriott, Esq., 
1908 Tominy, G. H., Esq., M.R.C.S., 

L.R.C.P. 

1904 Dugdale, J. B., Esq. 
1901 Duke, Mrs. E. B. 

1905 Duke, Henry, Esq. 
1905 Duke, Mrs. Henry 

1907 Duke. Miss M. Constance 

1908 Duke, Mrs. E. Barnaby 

1896 Dundas, Yen. Archdeacon, M.A. 
1885 Elwcs, Captain G. R. (Vice- 

President and Hon. Treasurer) 
1905 Evans, Miss Annie Elizabeth 



Cooma, Poole Road, Wimborne 
Maybury, 12, Greenhill Gardens, 

Weymouth 
Baillie House, Stumainster Marshall, 

Wimborne 
47, Phillimore Gardens, Campden Hill, 

London, W. 

Childe Okeforcl, Blandford 
Blandford 

Aysgarth, Parkstone Road, Poole 
2", Holdenhurst Road, Bournemouth 
Dale House, Blandford 
Dale House, Blandford 

Hillfield House, Stoke Fleming, Dart- 
mouth, Devon 

Wyke Regis Rectory, Weymouth 
Sunbeams, Icon Way, Dorchester 
Downing College, Cambridge 
Clay Hill House, near Gillingham 

Piddletreuthide Vicarage, Dorchester 
Piddletrenthide Vicarage, Dorchester 
Chalmington House, Cattistock, Dor- 
chester 

Sherbrook, Christchurch Road, Bourne- 
mouth 

Connaught Road, Weymouth 
Castle Gardens, Wareham 

Milton Abbas, Blandford 

Sandford, Wareham 

Maen, Dorchester 

Clandon, Dorchester 

Clandon, Dorchester 

The Limes, Dorchester 

Maen, Dorchester 

Charminster Vicarage, Dorchester 

Bossington, Bournemouth 
Claudon, Dorchester 



1886 Falkner, C. G., Esq., M.A. 

1884 Farley, Eev. H., M.A. 

1903 Fairer, Colonel Philip 

1905 Feacey, Jem, Esq. 

1904 Ffooks, Mrs. E. Archdall 
1904 Fielding, Thos., Esq., M.D. 

1892 Filleul, Kev. S. E. V., M.A. 

1889 Filliter, George Clavell, Esq. 
1898 Filliter, Rev. W. D., M.A. 
1901 Fisher, Mrs. J. F. 

1907 Fisher, Miss Lorna S. 

1906 Fisher, Harry, Esq. 

1S90 Fletcher, W. H. B., Esq. 

O.M. Fletcher, W. J., Esq., F.R.I.B.A. 

1906 Fletcher. Mrs. W. J. 

1907 Fletcher, Rev. J. M. J., M.A. 

1885 Floyer, G. W., Esq., B.A. 
1895 Forbes, Mrs. 

1897 Forde, Henry, Esq. 

1893 Forrester, Hugh Carl, Esq., B.A. 
1893 Forrester, Mrs. James 

1908 Forster, Mrs. Percy 
1878 Freame, R., Esq. 

1895 Fry, Edward Alexander, Esq. 

1903 Fry, George S., Esq. 

1893 Fullaway, Mrs. 

O.M. Galpin, G., Esq. 

1893 George, Mrs. 

1908 Gildea, Miss M. 

1906 Girdlestone, Mrs. 

1890 Glyn, Captain Carr Stuart 
189S Glyn, Lieut. -General J. P. Carr 
O.M. Glyn, Sir R. G., Bart. 

1895 Godman, F. du Cane, Esq., F.R.S. 

1883 Gorringe, Rev. P. R., M.A. 

1903 Gorringe, Mrs. P. R. 

1906 Gowring, Mrs. B. W. 

1908 Greenwood, Arthur, Esq. , L.M. S. , 

L.S.A 
1838 Greves, Hyk, Esq., M.D. 



Ireton Bank, Rusholme, Manchester 

Lytchett Minster, Poole 

Binnegar Hall, Wareham 

Culliford Road, Dorchester 

Fennain House, Sherborne 

Milton Abbas, Blandford 

All Saints' Rectory, Dorchester 

St. Martin's House, Wareham 

East Lulworth Vicarage, Wareham 

Vines Close, Wimborne 

West Walks, Dorchester 

The Rosery, Florence Road, Boscombe, 

Bournemouth 

Aldwick Manor, Bognor, Sussex 
The Chantry, Wimborne 
The Chantry, Wimbonie 
The Vicarage, Wimborne Minster 
West Stafford, Dorchester 
Shillingstone, Blandford 
Luscombe, Parkstone 
St. John's Cottage, Shaftesbury 
Westport, Wareham 
Russetts, Dorchester. 
The Chantry, Gilliiigham 
124, Chancery Lane, London, W.C. 
11, The Hawthorns, Church End, 

Finchley 

Childe Okeford, Blandford 
Clarendon Court, Clarendon Road, 

Bournemouth 

Fleet House, near Weymouth 
Upwey Rectory, Dorchester. 
The Comer House, Alum Hurst Road 

West Bournemouth 
Wood Leaze, Wimbonie 
North Leigh, Wimborne 
Gaunts House, Wimborne 
Lower Beeding, Horsham 
Mauston Rectorj-, Blandford 
Manston Rectory, Blandford 
49, High West Street, Dorchester 

32, Dorchester Road, Weymouth 
Rodney House, Bournemouth 



XV11. 



1904 Groves, Herbert J., Esq. 
1906 Groves, Miss 

1906 Gundry, Joseph, Esq. 

1895 Haggard, Kev. H. A., M.A. 
1906 Hall, Miss Maude 

1903 Hambro, Sir Everard, K.C.V.O. 

1905 Hambro, C. Eric, Esq. 

1893 Haiikey, Rev. Canon, M.A., R.D. 

1890 Harrison, Rev. F. T., M.A. 

1897 Harston, Comdr. F. A. (late R. N.) 

1896 Hart-Dyke, Rev. Canon P., M.A. 

1900 Hasluck, Rev. Ernest, M.A. 

1893 Hassell, Miss 

1894 Hawkins, W., Esq., M.R.C.S. 
1903 Hawkins, Mrs. H. 

1903 Hawkins, Miss Isabel 

1908 Hawkins, Rev. H. 

1893 Hayne, R., Esq. 

1889 Head, J. Merrick, Esq., M.R.I.A., 

F.R.G.S., F.P.S. 

1905 Heath, F. R., Esq. 

1905 Heath, Sidney H. S., Esq. 

1899 Henning, Mrs. 

1906 Higginbotham, J. C., Esq. (" Orme 

Agnus ") 

1901 Hill, R. E., Esq. 

1902 Hine, R., Esq. 

1902 Homer, Miss E. C. Wood 

1907 Homer, Mrs. G. Wood 
1888 Huntley, H. E., Esq. 

1906 Jameson, Mrs. 

1903 Jenkins, Rev. T. Leonard, M.A. 
1893 Kerr, E. W., Esq., M.D. 

1395 Lafoutaine, A. C. de, Esq., F.S.A. 

1902 Langdon, Miss M. 

1876 Langford, Rev. Canon, M.A. 

1901 Lee, W. H. Markham, Esq., 
I.S.M. 

1907 Lees, Captain Edgar, R.X. 
1907 Lees, Mrs. Edgar 

1900 Legge, Miss Jane 



Clifton, Weymouth 

Thickthorne, Broadwey, Dorset 

Wales House, Prince of Wales Road, 
Dorchester 

Molash Vicarage, Canterbury 

King's Stagg, Sturminster Newton 

Milton Abbey, Dorset 

70, Prince's Gate, London, S.W. 

Maiden Xewtou Rectory, Dorchester 

Burton Bradstock Rectory, Bridport 

Kewlands, Glendinning Avenue, Wey- 
mouth 

Lullingstone, Wimborne 

Handley Vicarage, Salisbury 

Westfield Lodge, Parkstone 

Broadwey, Dorchester 

Rew House, Martinstown, Dorchester 

Wyke, Sherborne 

1, Westerhall, Weymouth 

Fordington House, Dorchester 

Pennsylvania Castle, Portland 
The Woodlands, Weymouth 
Upwey, Dorchester 
Frome, Dorchester 

Northport House, Wareham 

Long Lynch, Childe Okeford 

Beammster 

Bardolf Manor, Puddletown 

Bardolf Manor, Puddletown 

Charlton House, Blandford 

Keiimare, Prince of Wales Road, 

Dorchester 

Leigh Vicarage, Sherborne 
South Street, Dorchester 
Athelhampton, Dorchester 
Parrock's Lodge, Chard 
Belle Vue, Higher Hooe, Plymouth 

Wyke Regis, Weymouth 
The Manor House, Upwey 
The Manor House, Upwey 
Allington Villa, Bridport 



XV111. 



1899 Le Jeune, H M Esq. 

1900 Leslie, Rev. E. C., M.A. 
1902 Lewis, Eev. A., M.A. 

1894 Lhiklater, Rev. Prebendary, D.D. 

1890 Lister, Miss Gulielma 

1905 Llewelliu, W., Esq., M.A. 

1900 Lock, Mrs. A. H. 

1892 Lock, B. Fossett, Esq. 

1893 Lock, Miss Mary C. 
1905 Lush, Mrs. W. Vawdrey 

1901 Lys, F. D., Esq., M.R.C.S., 

L.R.C.P. 

1888 Macdonald, P. W., Esq., M.D. 

1902 Mainwaring, Lieut. -Col. F. (Jr. L. 
1890 Manger, A. T., Esq. 

1907 Mansel, Miss Susan 

1894 Mansel -Pleydell, Mrs. 

1899 Mansel-Pleydell, Rev. J. C. M., 

M.A., R.D. (rice-President) 

1893 March, H. Colley, Esq., M.D., 
F.S.A., M.R.S.A.I., F.A.I. 
( J'ice-Presidftit) 

1883 Marriott, Sir W. Smith, Bart. 

1904 Marsh, J. L., Esq. 
1907 Mate, C. H., Esq. 

1879 Maunsell, Rev. F. W., M.A. 

O.M. Mayo, Rev. Canon, M.A., R.D. 

( Vice- President) 

1902 Mayo, Miss B. 

1907 Michell, Theo. Esq. 

O.M. Middleton, H. B., Esq. 

1909 Middleton, Miss A. 

1900 Middleton, Miss L. M. 
1890 Milne, Rev. Percy H., M.A. 
O.M. Moorhead, J., Esq., M.A., M.D. 

1905 Morgan, Mrs. 

1893 Morrice, G. G., Esq., M.A., M.D. 

1897 Moulliii, Arthur D., Esq. 

1908 Nettleton, Spencer, Esq. 

1909 Newnham, H. S., Esq. 



St. Ives, Upper Parkstone, Dorset 
Came Rectory, Dorchester 
Chardstock Vicarage, Chard 
Stroud Green Vicarage, London, N. 
High Cliffe, Lyme Regis 
Upton House, Poole 
53, High West Street, Dorchester 
11, New Square, Lincoln's Inn, London 
53, High West Street, Dorchester 
Arnmore, Upper Laiisdowne Road, 
Bournemouth 

Highclere, Rodwell, Weymouth 
Herrison, Dorchester 
Wabey House, Upwey 
Stock Hill, Gillingham 
Top-o'-Town, Dorchester 
Longthorns, Blandford 

Sturminster Newton Vicarage, Bland - 
ford 



Portesham, Dorchester 
The Down House, Blandford 
White Cliff Mill Street, Blandford 
Elim, Surrey Road South, Bourne- 
mouth 
Symondsbury Rectory, Bndport 

Long Burton Vicarage, Sherborne 
Friar Waddon, Dorchester 
Trewirgie, Wellington Road, Bourne- 

mouth 

Bradford Peverell, Dorchester 
Bradford Peverell, Dorchester 
Cliff Cabin, Worbarrow, Wareham 
Horublotton Rectory, Castle Gary 
Bournemouth 

Haselbury Bryan Rectory, Blandford 
17, Royal Terrace, Weymouth 
Fermain, Cranbourue Road, Swauage 
West Lul worth, Wareham 
Wilts and Dorset Bank, Dorchester 



XIX. 



1905 Nicholson, Captain Hugh 

1906 Oke, A. W., Esq. 

1886 Okeden, Colonel U. E. Parry 

1903 Okeden, Edmund Parry, Esq. 
1908 Oliver, Vere L., Esq. 

1908 Oliver, Mrs. Vere L. 

1904 Oliver, Weston, Esq., M.A. 

1905 Ord, W. T., Esq., M.E.C.S. 

L.E.C.P. 

1905 Page, Thomas, Esq. 

1905 Page, Mrs. T. 

1905 Paget, Miss Adelaide 

1905 Parkinson, Miss M. B. 
1890 Patey, Miss 

1908 Patterson, Mrs. Myles 

1907 Paul, Edward Clifford, Esq., M.A. 
1907 Paul, Mrs. Edward Clifford 

1894 Payne, Miss Florence O. 

1906 Pearce, Mrs. Thos. A. 
1901 Peck, Gerald E., Esq. 
1878 Penny, Eev. J., M.A. 

1894 Penny-Snook, S., Esq., M.E.C.S., 
L.E.C.P. 

1907 Penny-Snook, Mrs. S. 

1901 Pentin, Eev. Herbert, M.A. ( rice- 
President and Hon. Secretary) 
1894 Peto, Sir Henry, Bart. 

1896 Phillips, Miss 

1903 Phillips, Eev. C. A., M.A. 

1393 Pickard-Cambrulge, A. W., Esq. 
M.A. 

O.M. Pickard - Cambridge, Eev. 0., 
M. A., F.E.S. ( rice-President) 

1908 Pickard-Cambridge, Miss Ada 
1903 Pickard-Cambridge, Miss 

Catherine 

1903 Pike, Leonard G., Esq. 
1933 Pitt-Eivers, A. L. Fox, Esq., 

F.S.A. 



Nettlecombe, Melplash, E.S.O. 
32, Denmark Villas, Hove, Sussex 
Turnworth, Blandford 
Turnworth, Blandford 
Greenhill House, Weymouth 
Greenhill House, Weymouth 
Castle House, Weymouth 

Greenstead, 14, Madeira Eoad, Bourne- 
mouth 

Trevissome, Parkstone Eoad, Poole 
Trevissome, Parkstone Eoad, Poole 
Park Homer, Wimborne 
Oaklands, Wimbome 
Holmlea, Lincoln 
Southover, Tolpuddle, Dorchester 
Eastbrook House, Upwey 
Eastbrook House, Upwey 
Eydal, Wimborne 
Ivythorpe, Dorchester 
East Looe, Parkstone -on -Sea 
Tarrant Eushton Rectory, Blandford 

Xetherton House, Weymouth 
Netherton House, Weymouth 

Milton Abbey Vicarage, Blandford 

Chediiigton Court, Misterton, S.O., 
Somerset 

Okeford Fitzpaine Eectory, Shilling- 
stoiie 

Okeford Fitzpaine Eectory, Shilling- 
stone 

St. Catherine's, Headington Hill, Ox- 
ford 

Bloxworth Eectory, Wareham 
Picardy, Eodwell, Weymouth 

Picardy, Eodwell, Weymouth 
Kingbarrow, Wareham 

Hiiiton St. Mary, Blandford 



1904 Plowman, Eev. L. S. 
1896 Pond, S., Esq. 

1894 Pouting, Chas. E., Esq., F.S.A. 

1903 Poole, Rev. Sealey, M.A. 
O.M. Pope, Alfred, Esq., F.S.A. 
1906 Pope, Alfred Eolph, Esq., M.A. 
1906 Pope, Mrs. Alfred Rolph 

1905 Pope, Miss Hilda 
1900 Pope, George, Esq. 
1909 Pope, Francis S., I.C.S. 
1909 Pownall, Rev. B. C., M.A. 
1909 Pratt, Colonel, R.A. 

1896 Prideaux, C. S., Esq., L.D.S. 

1900 Prideaux, W. de C., Esq.. L.D.S. 
1905 Priugle, Henry T., Esq., M.D. 
1905 Pringle, Mrs. Henry T. 

1888 Pye, William, Esq. 

1888 Radclyffe, Eustace, Esq. 

1905 Ramsden, Mrs. 

1906 Ransford, Colonel 

O.M. Ravenhill, Eev. Canon, M.A. 

1905 Raymond, F., Esq. 

1906 Raymond, Mrs. F. 
1899 Rendell, W. F., Esq. 

1886 Reynolds, Mrs. Arthur 

1904 Rhydderch, Rev. W. 

1887 Richardson, N. M., Esq., B.A. 

(President) 

1901 Ridley, Rev. J. 

1890 Robinson, Sir Charles, C.B., F.S.A, 

1886 Rodd, Edward Stanhope, Esq. 

1907 Roe, Miss M. M. E. 

1909 Roe, Rev. Wilfrid T., M.A. 

1907 Roper, Freeman, Esq. 

1909 Rowston, Robert, Esq. 

1889 Russell, Colonel C. J., R.E. 
1906 Samson, Miss E. A. 

1905 Sanderson-Wells, T. H., Esq., 

M.D. 

1905 Saunt, Miss 

1905 Saunt Miss B. V. 

18S9 Schuster, Rev. W. P., M.A. 



Ibberton Rectory, Blandford 

Blandford 

Wye House, Marlborough 

Chickerell Rectory, Weymouth 

South Court. Dorchester 

Culliford House, Dorchester 

Culliford House, Dorchester 

South Court, Dorchester 

Weston Hall, Bournemouth 

17, Holland Road, London, W. 

12, Grange Road, Weymouth 

The Ferns, Charmiiister 

Ermiugton, Dorchester 

12, Frederick Place, Weymouth 

Ferndown, Wimborne 

Ferndowu, Wimborne 

Dunmore, Rodwell, Weymouth 

Hyde, Wareham 

Great Bidlake, Bridestow, N. Devon 

Talavera, Dorchester Road, Weymouth 

Southlea, Queen's Avenue, Dorchester 

Garryowen, Dorchester 

Garry o wen, Dorchester 

Hallow Dene, Parkstone 

Wyndcroft, Bridport 

Owermoigne Rectory, Dorchester 

Montevideo, Chickerell, near Wey- 
mouth 

The Rectory, Pulham, Dorchester 
Xewton Manor, Swanage 
Chardstock House, Chard 
Sandford Orcas Rectory, Sherbonie 
Sandford Orcas Rectory, Sherbonie 
Forde Abbey, Chard 
Casterbridge, Dorchester 
Clavinia, Weymouth 
Elwell Lea, Upwey 

16, Victoria Terrace, Weymouth 
Buxton, Rodwell, Weymouth 
Buxton, Rodwell, Weymouth 
The Vicarage, West Lulworth, Ware- 
ham 



XXI. 



1907 Scott, J. H., Esq., M.E. 

1904 Seaman, Rev. C. E., M.A. 
1883 Searle, Alan, Esq. 

1906 Shephard, Col. C. S., D.S.O. 

1896 Shepheard, Thomas, Esq., 

F.B.M.S. 

1906 Shepherd, Rev. F. J. 

1903 Sheridan, Mrs. A. T. Brinsley 

18S4 Sherren, J. A., Esq., F.E. Hist. S. 

1908 Shortt, Miss E. F. 

1908 Shortt, Miss L. M. 

1897 Simpson, Jas., Esq. 
1895 Simpson, Miss 

1906 Smith, Mrs. Alfred 

1899 Smith, Howard Lyon, Esq., 

L.B.C.P. 

1909 Smith, Nowell C., Esq., M.A. 

1908 Smith, Mrs. Spencer 

1888 Solly, Rev. H. Shaen, M.A. 

1901 Sotheby, Rev. W. E. H., M.A., 

R.D. 

1909 South, H. E. , Esq. , Fleet Surgeon 

R.N. retired 

1900 Stephens, W. L., Esq. 

1905 Stephens, J. Thompson, Esq. 
1908 Stephens, A. N., Esq. 

1903 Stilwell, H., Esq. 

1900 Storer, Colonel, late R.E. 

1900 Stopford, Admiral 

1895 Sturdy, Leonard, Esq. 

1896 Sturdy, Philip, Esq. 

1902 Sturdy, Miss Violet 

1907 Sturdy, Alan, Esq. 

1905 Sturdy, E. T., Esq. 

1898 Sturt, W. Neville, Esq. 

1893 Suttill, H. S., Esq. 

1905 Suttill, John, Esq. 



Ardrossan, Sedgley, Bournemouth 
Stalbridge Rectory, Blandford 
Ashton Lodge, Bassett, Southampton 
Shorttake, Osmington, Weymouth 

Kingsley, Bournemouth West 

Dorchester 

Frampton Court, Dorchester 

Helmsley, Weymouth 

The Manor House, Martinstown 

The Manor House, Martinstown 

Minterne Grange, Parkstone 

12, Greenhill, Weymouth 

Newton House, Sturminster Newton 

Buckland House, Buckland Newton, 

Dorchester 

School House, Sherborne 
Kingston Vicarage, Wareham 
Southcote, Alexandra Road, Park- 
stone 

Gillingham Vicarage, Dorset 

Manor House, Moreton 

Thornleigh, St. Andrew's Road, 
Bridport 

Wanderwell, Bridport 

Haddon House, West Bay, Bridport 

Steepleton Manor, Dorchester 

Keavil, Bournemouth 

Shroton House, Blandford 

Trigon, Wareham 

The Wick, Branksome, near Bourne- 
mouth 

The Wick, Branksome, near Bourne- 
mouth 

The Wick, Branksome, near Bourne- 
mouth 

Norburton, Burton Bradstock, Bridport 

Baytree Farm, Great Horkesley, Col- 
chester 

Pymore, Bridport 

24, West Street, Bridport 



XXII. 



1909 Swaffield, A. Owen, Esq. 

1908 Swaffield, B. H. 0. Owen, Esq. 
1893 Sykes, E. B., Esq., B.A., F.Z.S. 

( Vice -President) 
18S9 Symes, G. P., Esq., M.A., B.C.L., 

M.V.O. 
1904 Symoncls, Arthur G., Esq. 

1904 Symonds, Henry, Esq. 

1901 Telfordsmith, Telford, Esq., 

M.A., M.D. 
O.M. Thompson, Rev. G., M.A. 

1906 Thomson, Chas. Bertram, Esq., 

F.R.C.S. 

1907 Tims, E. M., Esq., R.N. (retired) 
1907 Tims, Mrs. E. M. 

1907 Towers, Miss 

1898 Troyte -Bullock, Mrs. 

1905 Truell, Mrs. 

O.M. Udal, J. S., Esq., F.S.A. 

1908 Udal, N. R., Esq., B.A. 
1897 Usher, Rev. R., M.A., F.L.S. 
1890 Usherwood, Rev. Canon T. E., 

M.A. 

1907 Waite, Arthur H., Esq. 
1887 Walker, Rev. S. A., M.A. 
1905 Ward, Samuel, Esq. 

O.M. Warre, Rev. Canon F., M.A. 
1904 Warry, Mrs. King 

1904 Warry, Wm., Esq. 

1905 Watkins, Wm., Esq. 
O.M. Watts, Rev. Canon, M.A. 
1905 Watts, Miss 

1893 Weaver, Rev. F. W., M.A., F.S.A. 
1905 Webb, H. N., Esq. 

1904 Westcott, Rev. Canon F. B., M.A. 

1909 Whistler, Rev. C. W., M.R.C.S. 
1895 Whitby, Joseph, Esq. 

1908 Whitby, Mrs. J. 

1904 Wildman, W. B., Esq., M.A. 



5, Lansdowne Square, Rodwell, Wey- 

mouth 
1 , Lansdowne Terrace, Weymouth 

Fairoaks, Addlestone, Surrey 

Monksdene, Weymouth 
10, South Street, Dorchester 
Roundham, Bridport 

Romansleigh, Wimborne 
Highbury, Bodorgan Road, Bourne- 
mouth 

Romansleigh, Wimborne 
Winfrith House, Winfrith 
Winfrith House, Winfrith 
Whicham, Porchester Road, Bourne- 
mouth 

Silton Lodge, Zeals, Bath 
Onslow, Wimborne 
Symondsbury, near Bridport 
Gordon College, Khartoum 
Netherbury, Beaminster 

Parkstone 

Upwey Place, Upwey 

Charlton Manor, Blandford 

Ingleton, Greenhill, Weymouth 

Bemerton, Salisbury 

39, Filey Avenue, Upper Clapton, 

London, N. 

Westrow, Holwell, Sherborne 
62, London Wall, E.G. 
Bemerton, Salisbury 
Bemerton, Salisbury 
Milton Vicarage, Evercreech, Somerset 
Bibury Cottage, Osborn Road, Brank- 

some Park, Bournemouth 
St. Aldhelm's, Paignton, Devon 
Chesilbome Rectory, Dorchester 
Preston, Yeovil 
Preston, Yeovil 
The Abbey House, Sherborne 



XX111. 



1892 Williams, E. W., Esq., B.A. 
1903 Williams, Captain Berkeley C. W. 

1897 Williams, Miss F. L. 

1884 Williams, Col. Robert, M.P. 

1884 Williams, Mrs. Robert 

1908 Williams, Miss Rhoda 

1906 Williams, Miss Meta 

1903 Willis, Mrs. A. Ratcliffe 

1905 Wills, A. W., Esq., M.P. 

1906 Winwood, T. H. R., Esq., M.A. 

1898 Woodhouse, Miss 

1903 Woodhouse, Miss Ellen E. 
1906 Woodhouse, Frank D., Esq. 
1906 Woodhouse, Mrs. Frank D. 
1902 Wright, Rev. Herbert L.. B.A. 

1904 Yates, Robert, Esq. 

1893 Young, E. W., Esq. 



Herringston, Dorchester 

Herringston, Dorchester 

Westleaze, Dorchester 

Bridehead, Dorchester 

Bridehead, Dorchester 

Bridehead, Dorchester 

South Walk, Dorchester 

Bendemeer, Parkstone 

3, Hyde Park Gate, London, S.W. 

High Littleton House, High Littleton, 

Bristol 

Chilmore, Ansty, Dorchester 
Chilmore, Ansty, Dorchester 
Old Ford House, Blandford St. Mary 
Old Ford House, Blandford St. Mary 
Church Knowle Rectory, Corfe Castle 
Delcombe, Milton Abbas, Blandford 
Dorchester 



The above list includes the New Members elected up to and including the 
August meeting of the year 1909. 

(Any omissions or errors should be notified to the Hon. Secretary.) 



xxv. 



ELECTED SINCE THE PUBLICATION OF THE LIST CONTAINED 
IN VOL. XXIX. 



Seconder. 
The Rev. P. 
Gorringe 



R. 



PEOPOSED ON SEPT. 15TH, 1908. 

Nominee. Proposer. 

The Rev. A. C. Almack, M.A., of The Rev. J. Cross 

The Rectory, Blandford St. Mary 

N. R. Udal, Esq., B.A., of Gordon The Hou. J. S. The Hon. Secretary 

College, Khartoum Udal 

PROPOSED ON DEC. lOra, 1908. 

Nominee. Proposer. Seconder. 

The Rev. N. W. Gresley, M.A., of The Rev. R. Gros- Captain J. E. Acland 

Gresford, Dorchester venor Bartelot 

Miss A. Middletou, of Bradford H. B. Middleton, The Hon. Secretary 

Peverell, Dorchester Esq. 

Fiancis J. Pope, Esq., I.C.S., of Alfred Pope, Esq. Henry Symonds, Esq. 
17, Holland Road, London, W. 



Nominee. 
Colonel J. Mount Batten (Lord- 

Lieutenant of Dorset), of Morn- 

ington Lodge, West Kensington 
Harry W. Crickmay, Esq., of 

May bury, 12, Greenhill Gardens, 

Weymouth 
The Rev. B. C. Pownall, M.A., of 

12, Grange Road, Weymouth 
Colonel Pratt, R.A., of The Ferns, 

Charminster 
The Rev. Wilfrid T. Roe, M.A., of 

Sandford Orcas Rectory, Sher- 

borne 
R. Rowston, Esq., of Casterbridge, 

Dorchester 
The Rev. C. W. Whistler, M.R.C.S., 

of Chesilborne Rectory, Dor- 

chester 



PEOPOSED ON FEB. 18TH, 1909. 
Proposer. 



The President 



Seconder. 
The Hon. Treasurer 



Lord Eustace Cecil Alfred Pope, Esq. 



S. Ward, Esq. 
Albert Bankes, Esq. 
Canon C. H. Mayo 



Captain J. E. Ac- 
land 



Miss E. Simpson 
Captain J. E. Acland 
Miss M. M. E. Roe 



The Rev. S. E. V. 

Filleul 
C. S. Pndeaux, Esq. 



XXV. 

PROPOSED ON MAY 4-ra, 1909. 

Nominee. Proposer. Seconder. 

Cyril D. Day, Esq., of Downing Captain J. E. Ac- VV. Busk, Esq. 

College, Cambridge land 

H. S. Newnham, Esq., of the Wilts ,, C. S. Prideaux, Esq. 

and Dorset Bank, Dorchester 
H. E. South, Esq., Fleet-Surgeon The Rev. W.Rhyd- E. M. Tims, Esq. 

R.N. (retired), of the Manor derch 

House, Moreton 

PROPOSED ON JULY 22ND, 1909. 

Nominee. Proposer. Seconder. 

A. Owen Swaffield, Esq., of 5, Colonel Ransford The Rev. P. L. 
Lansdowne Square, Rodwell, Cother 

Weymouth 

PEOPOSED ON JULY 27TH, 1909. 

Nominee. Proposer. Seconder. 

Xowell C. Smith, Esq.,M.A., of the W. B. Wildinaii, The Hon. Secretary 
School House, Sherborue Esq. 



XXVI. 

PUBLICATIONS. 

Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian 

Field Club. Vols. I. XXX. Price 10s. 6d. each volume, post free. 
General Index to the Proceedings. Vols. I. XXVI. Price 6d., by 

post 7d. 
The Church Bells of Dorset. By the Rev. Canon HAVEN, D.D.,F.S.A. 

Price (in parts, as issued), 6s. 6d., post free. 
Church Goods, Dorset, A.D. 1552. By the Eev. W. MILES BABNES. 

Price (as issued) 2s. 6d., post free. 

By the late J. C. HANSEL -PLETDELL, B.A., F.G.S., F.L.S. 

The Flora of Dorset. 2nd Edition. Price 12s. 
The Birds of Dorset. Price 5s. 
The Mollusca of Dorset. Price 5s. 

By the Eev. 0. PICKABD-CAMBBIDGE, M.A., F.E.S., F.Z.S. 

Spiders of Dorset. 2 vols. Price 25s., post free. 

The British Phalangidea, or Harvest Men. Price 5s., post free. 

British Chernetidea, or False Scorpions. Price 3s., post free. 

The Volumes of Proceedings can be obtained from Captain Elwes, Bossing- 
ton, Bournemouth; the Church Bells and Church Goods of Dorset, from the 
Eev. W. Miles Barnes, Dorchester ; Mr. Mansel-Pley dell's works, from the 
Curator of the Dorset County Museum, Dorchester ; the Eev. O. Pickard- 
Cambridge's works, from the Author, Bloxworth Eectory, Wareham ; and the 
General Index, from the Assistant- Secretary (Mr. H. Pouncy, Dorset County 
Chronicle Office, Dorchester). 

SOCIETIES IN CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE 
FIELD CLUB. 

British Museum, London. 

British Museum of Natural History, London. 
British Association, Burlington House, London. 
Cambridge Philosophical Society, Cambridge. 
Devon Association for the Advancement of Science. 
Geological Society of London, Jermyn Street, London. 
Hampshire Field Club, Southampton. 
Royal Society of Antiquaries, Dublin, Ireland. 
Society of Antiquaries, London. 
Somerset Archaeological Society, Taunton. 
University Library, Cambridge. 

Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society, 
Salisbury. 



OF THE 



porset ^lafuraC ^isforj? & Jlnfiquaricm 



DURING THE SEASON 1908-1909. 



WINTER SESSION. 

THE OPENING MEETING was held in the Reading Room of the 
County Museum on Thursday, December loth. The President 
(Mr. Nelson M. Richardson) occupied the chair, and fifty-five 
Members were present. 

Two new Members were elected, and three further nominations 
were received. 

EXHIBITS. 

By the Rev. R. GBOSVENOB BAETELOT : 

A conical- shaped piece of Kimmendge shale, once the chuck-end castaway of 
a prehistoric lathe. It was, he said, dug up by his great-grandfather, who was 
Lord of the Manor of Stoborough, in King Barrow, in that parish. Captain 
ACLAND, as curator of the Museum, produced for the meeting's inspection some 
of the little disc-like cores of Kimmeridge shale, each having a little square 
mortice-like hole on one side, into which the chuck of the lathe was no doubt 
inserted. Mr. BAETELOT said he believed that the collection of Kimmeridge coal 
money in the Dorset County Museum was the best in the world, and he should 
have pleasure in adding this specimen to the collection. Captain ACLAXD 
thanked Mr. Bartelot warmly. 



xxviii. THE FIRST WINTER MEETING. 

By Sir CHABLES ROBINSON (of Newton Manor, Swanage) : 

A sand-cast and flint and what was thought to be the head of a Purbeck 
turtle. It certainly looked like a turtle's head, and if it really was so it was 
unique, since Mr. Lydekker said that no turtle's head had ever yet been found 
in that district. (See p. xxxiv., post.) 

By the Rev. C. W. H. DICKEE : 

A collection of worked flints, all surface finds, found by him and his son mostly 
at Piddletrenthide. The most important specimen was a long and beautifully 
fabricated implement, and there were also a few axe heads and a round stone 
probably used for pounding grain. 

Mr. ENGLEHEAKT observed that the flints appeared mostly to date from an 
early period of the Neolothic Age. 

By the Rev. Canon RAVENHILL : 

A paper knife made of the oak cut from a pile of the old Roman bridge, 
Pons CElii, at Newcastle-on-Tyne. The bridge was opened A.D. 110, and there- 
fore the tree from which the wood was cut must have been growing when Jesus 
Christ was on earth. 

THE EXCAVATIONS AT MAUMBURY. In the unavoidable 
absence of Mr. H. St. George Gray, Captain ACLAND read his 
interim report on the excavations conducted by him at Maum- 
bury Rings, Dorchester, last September. It was prefaced by a 
short introduction written by Dr. H. Colley March, F.S.A., 
Chairman of the joint committee representing the British 
Archaeological Association and the Dorset Field Club, by whom 
the investigation was conducted. The report will be found 
printed at length in the volume of " Proceedings," 1908, p. 256. 
At the PRESIDENT'S invitation Mr. C. S, PRIDEAUX, as Mr. 
Gray's collaborator in the work, added a few remarks. Mr. 
ENGLEHEART, who is a recognised authority on Roman 
antiquities, was also invited to speak, and observed that, judging 
by the size of the red-deer antlers, there must in prehistoric 
times have been red-deer in this island of great bulk and with 



THE FIRST WINTER MEETING. xxix. 

very fine heads, for no deer now killed in the British Isles had 
horns that approached these in size. In Scotland deer's horn 
was often to be seen used by the crofters and cottagers as picks. 
Mr. SOLLY said it would have been interesting if at least a 
portion of the level chalk floor of the arena could have been left 
uncovered, instead of it all being covered up again. Captain 
ACLAND said that, if the committee approved, he would, in the 
event of further excavations being done next year, ask leave to 
keep a section of the chalk floor uncovered and railed around. 
It could be done without any harm, and would be most inter- 
esting. 

THE ROMAN VILLA AT HEMSWORTH. PAPER BY MR. 
ENGLEHEART. The Rev. G. H. ENGLEHEART, F.S.A., who 
superintended the excavation of the Roman villa at Hemsworth, 
near Wimborne, and the raising of the two beautiful tesselated 
pavements, read an able and very interesting paper on the 
subject, illustrated with excellent coloured drawings by Mr. 
Brumell. (Present Volume, p. i.) 

THE LATE MR. BOSWORTH SMITH. The PRESIDENT made 
a suitable reference to the great loss which the Club had suffered 
by the death of Mr. R. Bosworth Smith, of Bingham's Melcombe, 
one of their most distinguished Vice-Presidents, and he proposed 
that the Hon. Sec. be asked to write to Mrs. Bosworth Smith 
and the family conveying a vote of condolence. An obituary 
notice, together with a portrait, would be published in the forth- 
coming volume of " Proceedings." The HON. TREASURER, who 
said he had the pleasure and privilege of knowing Mr. Bosworth 
Smith as a boy, seconded the vote, and it was duly carried. 
(Vol. XXIX., p. cxx.) 

THE BURNING CLIFF AND LANDSLIP AT LYME REGIS. A 
paper on this subject by Mr. A. Jukes-Browne, F.G.S., the 
eminent geological Member of the Club, was read by the PRESI- 
DENT, who reminded the gathering that the author was an invalid 
and could not be present. (Vol. XXIX., p. 153.) 



xxx. HE FIRST WINTER MEETING. 

FORDINGTON ST. GEORGE FLOOR TILES. The Rev. R. 
GROSVENOR BARTELOT, Vicar of St. George Church, read an 
interesting paper on " The Mediaeval Floor Tiles of Fordington 
St. George Church." (Present Volume, p. 133.) 

SOME DORSET BRIDGES. A paper by Mr. R. G. Brocklehurst. 
(Vol. XXIX., p. 251.) 



XXXI. 



WINTER SESSION. 

THE SECOND WINTER MEETING was held on February i8th. 
The President was in the chair, supported by four of the Vice- 
Presidents. A fairly representative gathering of Members 
attended the meeting. 

THE Loss OF DISTINGUISHED MEMBERS. The PRESIDENT, 
before the business of the meeting was begun, referred with deep 
regret to the great loss which the Club had suffered since their 
last meeting by the death of two of their most distinguished and 
valued Vice-Presidents, Mr. Wilfrid H. Hudleston, past President 
of the Geological Society, and Mr. Henry Storks Eaton, past 
President of the Royal Meteorological Society. They had read 
obituaries of both of them in the Press, and he hoped that a 
notice of each would appear in the next volume of the Club's 
" Proceedings." They also regretted the death of Mr. Charles 
Hansford, an old and valued Member of the Club and a Vice- 
President of the County Museum. He proposed that, on behalf 
of the Club, votes of sympathy should be passed and forwarded 
to Mrs. Hudleston, Mr. Alfred Eaton (Mr. Eaton's brother), and 
the Rev. F. W. Galpin (nephew of Mr. Hansford). 

THE MEMBERSHIP. Three new Members were elected, and 
eight new nominations were announced. 

CONGRESS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETIES. The HON. SEC. 
read a short digest which he had prepared of the matters of most 
interest to Dorset people occurring in the report of the igth 
Congress of Archaeological Societies held in London on July 8th. 
The Dorset Field Club was represented at the Congress by Mr. 
Nigel Bond, M.A. (Secretary of the National Trust for the 
Preservation of Places of Beauty and Historic Interest). Details 
were given of the commissions already granted for scheduling 
and preserving the ancient monuments of Scotland and Wales, 
and of the petition sent to the Prime Minister praying that a 
similar commission might be appointed for England. Mr. A. G. 
Chater, the ne\vly-elected Secretary to the Earthworks Com- 
mittee, stated in his report that the important fortress of Maiden 



XX.xii. THE SECOND WINTER MEETING. 

Castle had, under the Ancient Monuments Act, been transferred 
to the guardianship of the Commissioners of Works. Mr. C. S. 
Prideaux's satisfactory investigation of a large barrow or 
extensive burial place at Portland in 1907 was mentioned with 
approval. 

EXHIBITS. 

A series of relics of King Charles I., sent by Major Benett-Stanford, of 
Tisbury. The first was a plaster cast of the face of the king, taken from the 
original cast taken from the king's face immediately after his execution, and one 
of a small number given to his intimate personal friends. This one was given to 
Mildmay, Earl of Westmoreland, who was present at the king's burial at 
Windsor. Then there were shown in two glass cases the pair of gloves carried to 
the scaffold by the king and handed to Bishop Juxon a few seconds before the 
execution. Some letters of the king were also exhibited. 

The PRESIDENT said he was sorry that Major Benett-Stanford could not be 
there that day, but he had kindly sent those exhibits, for which they were very 
grateful to him. The Rev. S. E. V. Filleul had brought a copy of the warrant 
signed for the death of Charles I. and also a picture of the execution and a copy 
of the " Eikou Basilike " containing a very fine picture of King Charles. Mr. 
VEEE OLIVER said that Thomas Benett, of Pyt House, was military secretary to 
Prince Rupert, and carried on a great deal of correspondence with prominent 
Royalists at the time. Some years ago his uncle, the late Mr. Vere Benett- 
Stanford, found a large number of letters, over a thousand, in an old box. He 
began tearing some of them up until, catching sight of the signature " Charles 
Rex" at the bottom of one of them, he stopped and saved the rest. Tb.3 
PRESIDENT said they ought to pass a special vote of thanks to Major Benett- 
Stanford for sending those valuable exhibits. 

A RARE WILD GLADIOLUS. The botanists present were much interested in a 
beautiful specimen of the wild gladiolus of the New Forest (Gladiolus illyricus), 
brought by Dr. Dixon, of Bournemouth. It was not found in Dorset, and was 
indeed found only in the New Forest, and there for the first time in 1857 by ths 
Rev. W. H. Lucas. So rare was this flower that the Linnseau Society in London 
had not a specimen in their herbarium. He also showed a beautiful photograph 
of the gladiolus growing among the bracken, which is its favourite habitat. 

"THE LAST OF THE MARTYNS " AT ATHELHAMPTON. Mr. HENRY SYMONDS, 
of Rouudham, Bridport, exhibited two deeds, beautiful specimens of late 16th 
century caligraphy, relating to the last of the Martyns of Athelhampton, and 
read the following note thereon : 

The earlier document, dated 15 June, 12 Elizabeth (1570), bears the signatures 
of Nicholas Martyii, of Athelhamptou, and Margaret his wife, the latter being a 



THE SECOND WINTER MEETING. XXX111. 

sister of Nicholas Wadham, who founded the college which bears his name. 
Nicholas Martyn was Sheriff of Dorset in 1581 and died in 1595; his "brass" in 
Puddletown Church has been illustrated by Mr. W. de C. Prideaux in the Club's 
"Proceedings " (Vol. XXIII.), andin Vol. XX. Mr. A. C. de Lafontaine, the present 
owner of Athelhampton, has described the old home of the family. Tradition 
has associated this Elizabethan 'squire with an epitaph said to have been on his 
tomb, but which cannot now be found, as I am informed by the Rev. A. L. 
Helps, vicar of Puddletown. It ran : "Nicholas ye first, Martyn ye last, Good- 
night, Nicholas," and has been quoted by many writers. Who was the author 
of this epigrammatic inscription which is so strangely at variance with the facts 
of the family history? The Christian name of "Nicholas" recurs frequently 
among his forefathers, while it is quite clear that this Martyn was, happily, far 
from being the last of the race in the male line, inasmuch as the grandsons of his 
brother Thomas duly established their pedigree at the Visitation of 1623. The 
latter deed, dated 23 October, 11 James I. (1613), is signed in the fine hand- 
writing of Anne Floyer, of St. Gabriel's, who was the youngest surviving 
daughter of Nicholas Martyn and the widow of Anthony Floyer, who had died in 
1608. This lady grants by the deed a lease of one-fourth of the lands in the 
Manor of Wanstrow, which her father had granted by the earlier instrument of 
1570 ; this fourth part she had inherited under his will, together with one-quarter 
of Athelhampton House. 

A EELIC OF THE WALBONDS. Mr. STMONDS next exhibited a piece of oak 
panelling bearing the arms of the Devonshire family of Walrond, impaling those 
perhaps of Pole in the same county. (The crescent of cadency on the dexter side 
showed that the bearer of the coat was a second son or the descendant of a 
second son.) The panel was obtained at Lyrae, but nothing could be learnt 
about its history. It had been dated approximately at the South Kensington 
Museum as belonging to the first half of the 18th Century. The Walronds, 
whose name was originally spelt " Walerand," were also connected with Dorset. 
Two members of the family, Roger and Humphrey, were escheators for this 
county in the reigns of Philip and Mary and Elizabeth. At about the same 
period Roger and Humphrey Walrond owned the Manor of Swanage, and 
possibly lived there during their terms of office under the Crown. 

Captain ACLAND said he knew the family of Walrond intimately. Round the 
fine Elizabethan dining-room of the main house of the family at Bradford, near 
Tiverton, there stretched heraldic panels illustrating the history of the family for 
hundreds of years, and every panel was of the same description as that exhibited. 
Captain ELWES stated that the original Walrond was huntsman to William the 
Conqueror, and in Domesday was described as " Waleranus Venator." He 
suggested that the name might originally have been a corruption of Valerianus. 

A TRILINGUAL PSALTER. Canon RAVENHILL exhibited a beautifully bound 
and exquisitely printed copy of " Psalterium Trilingue," the three tongues being 
Hebrew, Greek, and Latin. It was printed at Basle in 1548. The Psalter was 
much admired, especially as a fine specimen of the 16th century typography. 



XXxiv. THE SECOND WINTER MEETING. 

MOCK SUNS. INTERESTING PHENOMENON. The PRESIDENT read a letter from 
the Rev. C. \V. H. Dicker, vicar of Piddletrenthide, who unfortunately could not 
attend the meeting, sending a rough sketch of an interesting phenomenon which 
he saw from Waterson Ridge as he was driving home on Monday, February 
loth apparently a pair of " mock suns." They appeared in a bank of grey mist. 
The discs were reddish, but sent out white rays. The apparition lasted, he 
thought, from five o'clock to 5. 15. 

Mr. MIDDLETON recalled seeing a somewhat similar phenomenon many years 
ago at Henley Regatta. The real sun in the middle, with a mock sun on either 
side of it, had also a third mock sun immediately over it, and the three mock 
suns were connected with the real orb by arching rays of light. Dr. FIELDING 
said that such a sight was not uncommon on the Norwegian coast, where the 
sailors and fishermen regarded it as a premonition of foul weather. 

The Rev. J. C. M. MAXSEL-PLEYDELL exhibited a small cross, apparently of 
polished flint, which was recently found in a vault in Sturminster Newton 
churchyard. 

A FOSSIL TURTLE'S HEAD. Captain ACIAND reproduced the rare fossil which 
he exhibited at the last meeting, and which had been sent to the Museum by Sir 
Charles Robinson, of Newton Manor, Swanage. It was then thought to be the 
fossilised head of a Purbeck turtle. In order to obtain verification of this 
supposition he sent the fossil to Dr. Smith Woodward at the British Museum, 
who identified it as a Chelonian skull from the Purbeck Beds of Swanage. 
Although remains of the shells of turtles were very common in the Purbeck Beds 
of Swanage, yet only one skull appeared to have been met with hitherto. The 
recent discovery of a second skull was, therefore, of much interest, and worthy of 
a brief notice (which Dr. Woodward had kindly contributed). This skull 
was exactly such as might be expected to belong to Pleitrosternum. Captain 
Acland added that it would, he thought, be taken as a type specimen. 

THE VENUS PAVKMENT FROM HKMSWORTH. Captain ACLAND said that the 
members would remember the interesting excavations carried out last summer on 
the site of the Roman villa at Hemsworth, near Wimborne. Mr. H. Le Jeune, 
who so actively promoted and assisted in the work, had that day brought down a 
beautiful coloured drawing of the Venus pavement, made from measurements and 
from photographs taken on the spot by Mr. G. Brumell, A.R.I.B.A., who had 
kindly presented the drawing to the Museum. The pavement had, he was sorry 
to say, been removed to the British Museum. He wished to express the thanks 
of the Council of the Museum not only to Mr. Brumell, but also to Mr. Le Jeune, 
for all that he did in regard to the excavation of the villa and for having 
procured that beautiful drawing for the Museum. 

HERALDIC BADGE. The PRESIDENT read a letter from Mr. W. de C, Prideaux, 
of Weymouth, who expressed regret that he was confined to his bed by a cold, 
and who had sent three small shields used as pendant badges, one belonging to 
the President and two to Sir Charles Robinson. A circular one he identified as 
that of Sir William Arundell, K.G., whose plaque was in St. George's Chapel at 




u oi 
O m 

* < 



THE SECOND WINTER MEETING. XXXV. 

Windsor. Sir Charles bought it of a Spanish priest. A heater- shaped shield 
bore the arms of Arragon impaling France ancient, with a label of four points 
the arms of a Queen of Arragon of French lineage circa 1300-30. 



PAPERS. 

BRITISH ARACHNIDA. The PRESIDENT read a short intro- 
duction to a paper by the Club's distinguished araneologist, the 
Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge, who confessed that he had no 
records just now for 1908 of any group of arachnids except that 
of the true spiders. Mr. Richardson said he wished that they 
had some more spider-collectors in the Club to help Mr. 
Cambridge in the collection of Dorset spiders. 

THE MANORS OF STRATTON AND GRIMSTON. SOME 
ANCIENT CUSTOMS. Mr. ALFRED POPE, F.S.A., read a long 
and carefully compiled paper on some ancient customs of the 
Manors of Stratton and Grimston, the court rolls of which came 
into his possession on the purchase of the manors in 1895 (p. 28). 

The paper was illustrated with photos of the old Manor House 
and of ancient deeds and maps. The PRESIDENT expressed the 
sincere thanks of the meeting to Mr. Pope for his interesting and 
valuable paper. 

It being past two o'clock, the Club then adjourned for 
luncheon, and re-assembled at 2.45. 

NOTES ON DORSET FLORA. The HON. SEC. announced the 
receipt from the Rev. E. F. Linton of the second portion of his 
" Notes on Dorset Flora." The first portion was printed in the 
last volume of the " Proceedings." Mr. Linton proposed to 
write a third and concluding portion, the subject of which would 
be " Fungi." 

BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS FROM DORSET. 
Mr. H. SYMONDS exhibited two cases of coins of the British and 
Romano-British periods found in Dorset, most of them finely 
preserved specimens, and read a long and valuable paper on the 
subject, (p. 58.) The PRESIDENT expressed the sincere thanks 
of the meeting to Mr. Symonds for his paper. Captain ACLAND, 



XXXvi. THE SECOND WINTER MEETING. 

as Curator of the County Museum, mentioned how greatly he 
was indebted to Mr. Symonds for his valuable help in the re- 
arrangement of the coins. 

THE STATUS OF PEASANTRY IN PORTLAND. The HON. SEC. 
read a paper written by Mrs. King Warry, who unfortunately 
could not be present, on " The Status of Peasantry in Portland." 
(p. 73.) Mr. F. J. BARNES, of Portland, said that time out of 
mind women in Portland had been allowed to hold and deal with 
property in their own right centuries before the Married 
Women's Property Act came into force outside Portland. Such 
property descended from father or mother to daughter ; and, 
although a woman might have a husband living, her property 
was held by her independently of him. She received her rents, 
and subsequently demised her property. He was glad to find 
that in later years England adopted the same principle which 
had so long been in force in Portland. 






THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING. XXXV11. 



THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING. 

THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of the Club was held on 
Tuesday, May 4th, in the Reading Room at the County Museum. 
The President took the chair at 12.30. Between forty and fifty 
Members were present. 

THE MEMBERSHIP. Seven new Members were elected, and 
three further candidates were 'nominated. 

THE PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS was then read, and was followed 
by a short discussion on questions arising from the various 
matters dealt with by the President. Captain ACLAND proposed a 
vote of thanks to Mr. Richardson for his extremely able and 
interesting Address ; the motion was seconded by Mr. ALFRED 
POPE, and carried amidst general applause. 

THE HON. SECRETARY'S REPORT. The HON. SECRETARY 
presented his Annual Report : 

The membership of the club has now again nearly reached its maximum 
number 400 but there are a few vacancies for new members. The summer 
meetings last year were well attended, but the reduction of the levy on the 
admission cards from 2s. to Is. Cd. has reduced the balance in hand on the 
Secretary's account from '20 os. to 9 4s. 7d. I think that for the coming year 
we may continue the Is. 6d. per diem levy for " incidental expenses," which will 
still further reduce the balance in hand, but at the members' benefit. The 
accounts for the past year have been duly audited, and the vouchers retaining 
thereto lie upon the table. 

THE HON. EDITOR'S REPORT was also read by Mr. PENTIN as 
follows : 

The following are to be the first five papers in the new volume : " The 
Roman Villa at Hemsworth," by the Eev. G. H. Engleheart ; the second portion 
of a contribution on "Dorset Chantries," by Mr. E. A. Fry ; "Coins of the 
British and Romano -British periods found in Dorset," by Mr. Henry Symonds ; 
"The Status of Peasantry in Portland," by Mrs. King Warry ; and "Some 
Ancient Customs of the Manors of Strattoii and Grimstone," by Mr. Alfred 
Pope. The Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge has prepared another paper on "British 
Arachnida," and the Rev. E. F. Linton on " Dorset Flora." Mr. B. Fossett 
Lock has translated the Cartulary of Milton Abbey, which will be printed as a 



XXXVlii. THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING. 

companion paper to those previously contributed on Cerne Abbey. The Kev. B. 
Grosvenor Bartelot has written an article on the ancient floor tiles of St. George's 
Church, Fordingtoii ; and it is hoped that Mr. W. de C. Prideaux will contribute 
another paper to his series of papers on "Dorset Memorial Brasses." The 
President's address, and the Mansel-Pleydell Prize Essay by Mr. Feacey on 
"The Sequence of architectural styles as exemplified in the buildings, either 
Ecclesiastical or Domestic, of any neighbourhood in Dorset," the official account 
of the club's meetings, the rainfall returns, and the report on the first appearances 
of birds, insects, &c., will also be printed. 

At our annual meeting last year I asked the club to relieve me of the office of 
Editor, as I found the two offices of Secretary and Editor too burdensome, but as 
no one was then willing to take the Editorship I consented to hold it for another 
year. Now, however, I must ask to be relieved, although I shall be glad to help 
my successor in any way in my power. 

FINANCE* The HON. TREASURER then presented his state- 
ment of the Club Accounts, which will be found printed in the 
following pages. In reply to Mr. BARNES, Captain ELWES stated 
that the Club now had 450 invested in Consols. 

THE PHOTOGRAPHIC SURVEY. In the absence of Mr. C. J. 
Cornish Browne, of Came House, honorary director of the 
Dorset Photographic Survey, the HON. SEC., at the PRESIDENT'S 
request, read the Director's Report. It was as follows : 

" I regret that I am unable to report more progress in connection with the 
work of the survey. I have put myself into communication with those who were 
likely to assist me in my search for helpers in the towns and districts of 
Dorchester, Weymouth, Poole, Sherborne, Wimborne, Blandford, Shaftesbury, 
Bridport, Swanage, and Lyme Regis. I find that there is in only one of these 
towns, namely, Weymouth, a Photographic Club, but none of its members have 
through their secretary offered assistance. I have enlisted the sympathies of a 
few good amateurs, and to these I am very grateful ; but I am sure there must 
be many skilful photographers in the county with whom I have unfortunately 
not come in contact. If members of the Field Club could bring the survey before 
the notice of such, and persuade them to send in their names as helpers, there 
would be but little difficulty in getting together a large collection of photographs. 
The expense is trifling and the work of great interest. Should the club ask me to 
continue the directorship for another year I shall bo pleased to do so, or should it 
entrust the work to another I will gladly help my successor." 

LORD EUSTACE CECIL PRESENTS THE MEDALS. Lord 
EUSTACE CECIL, vice-president and past president, who was 
received with loud applause, said that the President had entrusted 



THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING. XXXIX. 

to him a most agreeable task to present to the successful com- 
petitors the " Mansel-Pleydell " and " Cecil " medals and prizes 
of $ each in value. The " Mansel-Pleydell" silver medal and 
prize had been awarded to Mr. Jem Feacey, of Culliford Road, 
Dorchester, for an essay on " The Sequence of Architectural 
Styles as exemplified in the Buildings, either Ecclesiastical or 
Domestic, of any Neighbourhood in Dorset," and the " Cecil " 
Medal and Prize to Mr. Cyril Douglas Day, of Downing College, 
Cambridge (son of Dr. E. J. Day, of Dorchester), for an essay on 
" The Discovery of Radium ; its probable origin, its present 
development, and possible future use." He was the more 
pleased to perform this duty in that the competition had been 
contested keenly, and the prizes hard-won. 

THE LIMITATION OF THE CLUB MEMBERSHIP. A somewhat 
lengthy discussion arose upon a proposal, brought forward by 
Mr. C. S. PRIDEAUX, that the recently-enacted rule limiting the 
number of Members to 400 should be rescinded. On a division 
the Meeting rejected the motion by a large majority. 

EXHIBITS. 
By Mr. W. DE C. PRIDEAUX : 

A coffin chalice and paten, now the property of Mary, Countess of Ilchester, 
who had kindly lent them for exhibition. They were found early in 1906, in 
association with an ancient interment, during the digging of a grave on the 
south side of Abbotsbury Church. In February Mr. Prideaux took the articles 
up for exhibition before the Society of Antiquaries in London, and there they 
received much attention, and were considered to be early 14th century. 

The HON. SECKETAEY mentioned that in the volume of the " Proceedings " for 
1905 he reproduced a photograph of a burial chalice and paten from Milton of 
about the same date. The PRESIDENT expressed the thanks of the Club to Mr. 
Prideaux, and asked him also to convey them to Lady Ilchester. 

ELECTION OF OFFICERS. The President, Hon. Secretary and 
Hon. Assistant-Secretary, and Hon. Treasurer were re-elected to 
their respective offices ; the Rev. C. W. H. Dicker was elected to 
be Hon. Editor, Mr. Cornish Browne again accepting the 
directorship of the Photographic Survey. The Vice- Presidents 



xl. THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING. 

were re-nominated by the PRESIDENT, and two of the vacancies 
were filled up by the nomination of Canon C. H. Mayo, of Long- 
burton, a well-known antiquarian authority and writer, and Mr. 
E. R. Sykes, founder and past President of the Malacological 
Society, London. Mr. Alfred Pope, F.S.A., was appointed again 
to represent the Club at the meeting to be held in London in the 
autumn of the corresponding societies of the British Association, 
whose meetings are to be held at Winnipeg. Messrs. Alfred 
Pope and Nigel Bond were re-appointed to represent the Club at 
the Congress of Archaeological Societies in union with the 
Society of Antiquaries, London. 

THE SUMMER MEETINGS. It was decided to hold a two-days' 
meeting in the neighbourhood of Dunster (or, failing that, at 
Salisbury and Stonehenge), and three single-day meetings. On 
one the Club proposed to drive from Dorchester to Owermoigne, 
calling en route at Came House by invitation of Mr. Cornish 
Browne. On the other two days excursions will be made to St. 
Aldhelm's Head and up the Tarrant Valley. 



CAME AND OWERMOIGNE. xli. 

FIRST SUMMER MEETING. 

CAME AND OWEKMOIGNE. 

THE FIRST SUMMER MEETING was held on Tuesday, June 
22nd. With the exception of a few slight showers, the weather 
during the day was bright and pleasant. About 70 members and 
friends assembled at the South-Western station for the start at 
10.15. 

CAME HOUSE. 

Mr. CORNISH BROWNE, after bidding the Club a cordial 
welcome to Came House for the first time, gave a short sketch 
of the history of Winterborne Came, a name which is supposed 
to be a corruption of Caen, Came having been given by the 
Conqueror to the Abbey of St. Stephen's, Caen. It pertained to 
the friary of Frampton, and at the dissolution of the alien 
priories was given to the College of St. Stephen's, Westminster, 
in whose possession it continued until the general dissolution, 
when it was granted by Edward VI. to William, Earl of 
Pembroke. 

From him it came to one Meller, who was remarkable chiefly for his habit of 
depopulating most of the land he bought. For this reason there was no village 
round about the house. During the Civil War the Mellers fell upon evil times, 
and soon after left Dorset to live in Buckinghamshire. About the year 1700 the 
estate passed by purchase to the Darner family, and in 1756 the present house, 
which had all the characteristics of the Georgian period, was built by Mr. George 
Darner. The present front door and conservatory were added early in the 
19th century, and these, while somewhat disturbing the balance of the building, 
added much to the comfort and convenience of the house. Mr. Cornish Browne 
went on to mention illustrious guests who have been entertained at the house. 
Here in 180-t came, as the guest of Lionel Darner, then Colonel of the Dorset 
Volunteer Bangers, after a review of the regiment iu Fordington Field, 
George III. and his Queen and the Princesses and Dukes of Gloucester and 
Cambridge. Here nearly 40 years later came Prince Louis Napoleon, who was 
shortly afterwards elected President of the French and four years later Emperor. 

Mr. Cornish Browne then conducted the club over the house in convenient 
parties. As the members passed through the suite of elegant apartments they 
admired the beautifuHy- moulded plaster ceilings, the carved chimney-pieces, 



Xlii. CAME AND OWERMOIGNfi. 

choice furniture, the tapestries, and the interesting collection of pictures by old 
and modern masters hanging on the walls. A pastel of a girl wearing a hat, by 
John Eussell, one of the great pastellists of the 18th century, was much 
admired ; and among the many pictures observed with special interest were a 
portrait of George IV. while Prince of Wales, by Sir Joshua Eeynolds ; a piece 
cherubs with flowers and fruit, by Paul Eubens, similar to pictures of the same 
genre at Kingston Lacy and Wilton House ; a reputed Cuyp, portraits of Mr. and 
Mrs. Taylor by Gainsborough, a head of Colonel Darner by Gambadella, and one 
of the Duke of Richmond, who was bitten by a mad fox and died of hydrophobia. 
A pretty picture of a girl and a spinet, Mr. Cornish Browne said, was given by 
George IV. to Mrs. Fitzherbert, the girl being Miss Seymour, her ward. But 
the most notable pictures in the house, to Dorset people, were the series of eleven 
portraits of the officers of the Dorset Rangers, painted soon after the enrolment 
of the regiment, the artist being Thomas Beach, a native of Milton Abbas, pupil 
of Sir Joshua, and a fashionable portrait painter much sought after in his day. 
The portraits, which are all sound work and spirited likenesses, are of Lord 
Milton, the first colonel, R. E. D. Grosvenor (Charborough), James Frampton 
(Moreton) brother of Mary Frainpton, who wrote the charming Journal ; John 
W. Smith (Sydling), Richard Travers (Uploders), William Churchill (Henbury), 
William Clavell (Smedmore), Thomas Weld (Lulworth Castle), T. Bowyer 
Bower (Iwerne), Francis John Brown (Frampton), and T. Meggs (Piddlehinton) . 
Mr. Cornish Browne mentioned the fact that Thomas Weld never had his 
commission signed, because he was a Roman Catholic, and for a Catholic the 
King at that time could not sign a commission. Thomas Weld later became a 
priest in the Roman Church and then cardinal, and he was afterwards a 
candidate for the Papal throne. Captain Bowyer Bower was the grandfather of 
Mr. Syndercombe Bower, and the Rev. J. C. M. Mansel-Pleydell claimed an 
ancestor in Captain Clavell, of Smedmore. In the library, too, the club 
examined with interest the Communion plate of Came Church a silver chalice 
with cover, used as a paten, of the Commonwealth period, and plain, as one 
would expect. The fine tapestries in the drawiug-room, representing memorable 
scenes in the life of Diogenes the Cynic, are probably from the looms of 
Mortlake, and most likely early 18th century. Mr. Cornish Browne informed 
the party that for years these tapestries had been covered with brocaded satin, 
and that they were brought to light by accident. 

CAME CHURCH. 

From the house the party proceeded to the church, pausing on 
the way by the grave of William Barnes, marked by a handsome 
Celtic cross erected to the poet's memory by his children and 
grandchildren. The members having seated themselves inside 
the church, 



CAME AND O\VERMOIGN*E. xliii. 

The RECTOR (the Rev. E. C. Leslie) said : The little church, consisting of nave 
and chancel, is dedicated to St. Peter. The original church must have been 
erected in the 13th century, as parts of the walls, the window arch, and inner 
splay of the east window, the base and pedestal of the font, are of that period. 
Of the 14th century work there still remain the north and south doorways ; but 
the latter, which might have led to the priest's cell, is built up. The original 
north chancel window was also 14th century work. Of the loth century is the 
east window, with the exception of the inner splay and window arch. There are 
good Perpendicular windows of three lights with cinquefoil heads in the tower, 
and also in the north and south sides of the nave. Two of the latter are 
exceptionally good specimens of square -headed windows of the period. The 
tower is late Perpendicular. The original roof of the church was waggon- 
headed and plastered, and the chancel ceiling was divided into four compartments 
by moulded oak ribs. The present roof took its place at the restoration of the 
church in 1883. There is some excellent woodwork, notably the pulpit, on 
which is inscribed the date 1624 and the initials "I. M.," standing for John 
Meller, the Jacobean altar rails, and, most noticeable of all, the loth century 
rood screen. The rood loft was probably dismantled in 1561 . The text " Let us 
hear the conclusion of all things. Fear God and keep His Commandments, for 
these toucheth all men, for God judgeth all things," is probably contemporary, 
being a quotation from the Bishop's Bible. On the north side of the church are 
the foundations of what might have been the rood loft staircase. The grave of 
the poet Barnes, who was rector of this parish from 1862 to 1886, is close to the 
south-west window. In the churchyard there is also the family vault of the 
Dawson-Damers. The remarkable double-headed cross over the vault of the 
Williams's, of Herringston, is said to be an exact copy of a cardinal's silver 
pectoral cross, with the exception of the central crucifix. The old register has 
been unfortunately lost. The first entry we have is in 1695. In the marriage 
register there is the signature of Napoleon Louis Bonaparte as witness to the 
nuptials on March llth, 1847, of Hugh Fortescue, Viscount Ebrington, and 
Georgiana Augusta Caroline Dawson -Darner. In the Deanery* of Dorchester 
there are but six mediaeval bells, of which two hang in this belfry. The largest 
bell bears the inscription "Maria," the smaller a beautiful initial cross and 
" Sane ta Maria." The hatchments appertain to the Dawson-Damers and Lady 
Caroline Darner, and that in the tower to the last Lord Dorchester. Mr. Leslie 
then gave particulars of the stained glass windows and of the monuments in 
which the church is so rich. Over the fine tomb of Sir John Meller and Anne, 
his wife, with its two recumbent effigies, still hangs Sir John's helmet. 

Mr. Leslie produced the registers and showed the autograph 
of Louis Napoleon. After the party had thoroughly inspected 
the church and the churchyard, they proceeded to 

* i.e., Dorchester portion. 



xliv. CAME AND oWERMoiGNE. 

WHITCOMBE CHURCH 

or " Widecomb," as the ancient spelling has it. The visitors, 
especially those who had never seen it before, were delighted at 
the picturesque ivy-mantled tower and the whole appearance of 
church and churchyard William Barnes's first charge and 
confessed that it seemed just the church to have a poet for its 
cure. Here again Mr. Leslie gave a short address. 

Until the passing of the recent Benefices Act Whitcombe was one of the four 
donative livings in this diocese. It is said that King Athelstan gave Whitcombe 
to the Abbey of Milton. At any rate the rectory was from the first appropriated 
to the monastery of Milton, which served the cure by a stipendiary priest or one 
of their own monks, for no institutions occur in the Sarum registers. Later on 
this rectory and chapel belonged to the rectory of Milton. In this way it has 
passed from hand to hand until the present day. I think that most people who 
travel this road must be struck by the beautiful proportions of the embattled 
tower, which is of the loth century. The grilles in the windows are remarkably 
good. On that of the south side can be read the initials " M.A." (possibly those 
of the abbey) and the date 1500. The plan of the church, long and narrow, is 
Norman. The south and north doorways belong to that period, but the latter is 
built up. Of 13th century work there is the south porch arch and the east 
window, terribly spoilt from inside by the depressed ceiling and the inartistic 
reredos, but well worthy of examination from outside, where can be seen the 
original hood-moulding in good preservation. The other windows are of the 
loth century. In the head of the north chancel window are two pieces of loth 
century glass. The font, a very large one of Purbeck marble, is of the 12th 
century, with the exception of its smaller pillars, which are later. There was 
formerly a rood beam, probably removed in 1561. In the churchyard is the step 
with socket and the portion of the shaft of a 13th century cross. Perhaps the 
head is buried below. The weathering of the 15th century roof, which has gone, 
can still be seen. The church plate consists of an Elizabethan chalice and lid, 
with the date 1573 engraved on the lid, and a George II. flagon and dish, " The 
gift of Mrs. Lora Pitt to the Church of Whitcombe in Dorsetshire, 1739." There 
are two bells, one inscribed "Hope well, I.W., 1610," and the other " Love God, 
I.W., 1610." One is missing, probably the teuor. The most noticeable grave in 
the churchyard is an enormous table stone, on which is the laconic inscription 
" Spratt." 

The PRESIDENT thanked Mr. Leslie heartily for the excellent 
accounts which he had given the party of the churches of Came 
and Whitcombe. The party then made the tour of the little 



CAME AND OAVERMOIGNE. xlv. 

building, which has not yet (perhaps we ought to say happily) 
come under the hands of the restorer. The low plaster ceiling, 
we should say, might go without any lamentation, but it is to be 
hoped that, when the postponed but inevitable "restoration" 
does at last come, it will take the form of preservation. It is 
delightful to notice how this little church, indissolubly associated 
with the memory of one of Dorset's best and most celebrated 
sons, epitomises most of the styles of English architecture, 
besides Perpendicular and Norman, Transitional, Early English, 
all three of which are scarce in Dorset certainly in comparison 
with the all dominating Perpendicular. The Rev. C. R. BASKETT 
called attention to the pewter alms-dish, the sides of which are 
ornamented with sets of four small perforated holes. Whitcombe, 
we may add, is somewhat off the beaten track of antiquarian 
show churches in Dorset, and has hitherto suffered undeserved 
neglect ; but it will before long " come to its own " and be 
recognised as one of the most architecturally interesting, as it is 
admittedly one of the most beautiful, of the small parish churches 
of Dorset. 

THE LlTTLEMAYNE SARSENS. 

The party next alighted from their vehicles at Littlemayne to 
inspect what had been put down in the programme as the 
remains of a stone circle ; but indeed the sarsen stones, many of 
them almost entirely sunk under the surface of the soil, are so 
scattered about the fields on both sides of the road, and in such 
chaotic disarray, that on the spot the unaided eye could discern 
little or no sign of cosmic design. And the problem is com- 
plicated by the appearance of ancient earthworks in association 
with the stones. Later in the day, at the request of the officers, 
Mr. H. Le Jeune, of Parkstone, the member who re-discovered 
the Hemsworth villa and last year made a plan of the Rempston 
half-circle, kindly undertook, on behalf of the club, to survey the 
ground and plot the stones on a large-scale map, and in this work 
he obtained the promise of assistance from Mr. R. Dawes, a 
young local antiquary of refreshing keenness. At Littlemayne 



xlvi. CAME AND OWERMOIGNE. 

the party were met and greeted by the Rev. G. W. Butler, rector 
of Broadmayne, whom the Hon. Sec. invited to tell the Club the 
local traditions about the stones. 

The Rev. G. W. BUTLER confessed that, being no antiquary, 
although he had lived at Broadmayne 29 years, he had never, 
until receiving Mr. Pentin's letter, actually walked round to locate 
and inspect all the stones. They were called locally the Little- 
mayne Rocks. An old lady, who used as a girl to come out and 
play among them, told him that one large stone was called " The 
giant without a head." 

Dr. H. COLLEY MARCH, a recognised authority on the subject, 
and the author of " The Ritual of Barrows and Stone Circles," 
here gave, in a spot sheltered from the wind, a long and learned 
address on the subject. 

He reminded the club that when last year, in the course of the ' ' Barrows and 
Bridehead " meeting, they visited the Gorwell stone circle, he asked the question 
" Why are its constituent stones so small when there are much larger stones 
lying all round about ? " The answer was that in all these cases the men of old 
who made the circles used the stones they found on the spot. He produced a box 
of worked flint implements and flakes illustrating his point. They were of 
Portland chert, Tertiary pebbles, and chalk flint. Thus in the Isle of Portland, 
where there was no native flint, they used the local chert ; on Blagdon, which is 
covered with Tertiary pebbles, they used them, and close by Maiden Castle chalk 
flint. The stones here at Littlemayne were sarsens (i.e., " saracens" or 
strangers), belonging to the Tertiary formation, with which the country was at 
one time covered, either as gravel, or the stones cemented together by silica. 
Pointing to a thick cluster of stones close to the hedge on the south side of the 
road, Dr. March said that they looked to him more like a collapsed dolmen than 
stones of a stone circle. He proceeded to expound, in elucidation of the subject, 
the " law of parcimoiiy " formulated by Sir Wm. Hamilton. 

The HON. SEC., as Vicar of Milton Abbey, recalled the fact 
that Littlemayne Farm was given by Abbot William Middleton 
for the founding of the Grammar School of Milton Abbas in 
1521, and it had remained in the possession of the Governors 
ever since. In the endowment deed there was mention of the 
"free chapel of Littlemayne," and he enquired of Mr. Butler if 
he knew of any remains of this pre- Reformation chapel or of 
traditions concerning it. 



CAME AND OWERMOIGNE. xlvii. 

Mr. BUTLER answered that there were said to be some founda- 
tions, and there was a field bordering the road and called 
Cemetery Field ; and, being regarded as sacred, it still remained 
unbroken by the ploughshare. 

POXWELL HOUSE AND ClRCLE. 

Driving to Poxwell, the party had a peep at the front of the 
picturesque manor house, with the charming feature of the 
porter's tiny gatehouse, bearing the date 1634. 

The ASSISTANT SECRETARY reminded the club of the literary 
associations of the house, this being, under the name " Oxwell 
Hall," the home of Squire Derriman in "The Trumpet Major." 
Climbing the windy hill, commanding a glorious view of the 
Channel and of the full length of the Isle of Portland, the party 
next inspected the reputed stone circle. 

The PRESIDENT said it was understood to be one of the 
smallest stone circles known, and 

Dr. COLLEY MARCH pointed out that the constituent stones 
were not sarsens, as at Littlemayne, but a cherty kind of Lower 
Purbeck which happened to crop up just at this spot. The 
stones corresponded no doubt to a burial place a small circle 
inside a larger one. The stones may have had some ritual 
meaning or purpose, and may have served at the outset as a 
place for the primary disposal of interments. 

Mr. ALBANY MAJOR, as a London antiquary of some celebrity, 
on being invited to speak, admitted that it was possible that they 
had not seen any stone circle that day. 

The so-called Littlemayne circle might be a collection of sarsens. With the 
eye that day no design could be made out ; and they could not say whether there 
was a circle or not until they had surveyed the site, plotted out the position of 
all the stones, and seen whether or not they had any coherent connection with 
one another. The circle on the top of that hill at Poxwell was certainly a circle 
of stones ; but whether it was a stone circle was a question. Mr. Whistler 
suggested that the mound on which the circle stood looked uncommonly like a 
grave mound. It may have been one, with a circle of stones around it ; but the 
question could be decided only by digging. They were in danger of error in 



xlviii. CAME AND OWERMOIGNE. 

trying to fit all the stone circles into the same theory, and imagining that they 
were all to be accounted for in the same way as Stonehenge and Avebury. The 
great advantage of having a club like theirs was that they could go and see such 
places as they had visited that day and could then set to work to try to determine 
the problems raised ; and that could only be by surveying and digging. 

The HON. SEC. mentioned the popular tradition concerning 
the derivation of the word " Poxwell " that it means the well of 
Puck, and he defended it in an ingenious and interesting 
manner. Mr. MAJOR and Mr. WHISTLER agreed with him in 
believing the pretty and popular tradition to be correct. 

OWERMOIGNE COURT. 

At Owermoigne the party were cordially welcomed at the 
Court by Mr. G. Cecil Cree and Mrs. Cree. On the lawn, 
Mr. CREE said : 

The name Owermoigne, according to Hutchins, is derived from the old name 
of the place, " Ogres," and from the family of Le Moigne, who held it very early 
after the Norman Conquest. Thus we get Ogres Le Moigne, which has become 
Owermoigne. In the reign of Edward I. Kalph Moigne heJd the manor of Owers 
by service of sargeiity in the King's kitchen. In Richard II. 's reign Sir William 
Stourton (who received his name from Stourton, in Wiltshire) married the 
daughter of Sir John Moigne. John, his son, the first Baron Stourton, held the 
manor of Ore amongst others. This manor remained in the Stourton family 
until 1703, when W'illiam Wake, D.D., afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury, 
purchased it with the advowson from Edward, Lord Stourton. He conveyed 
them to Sir Theodore Jansen. In Hutchins's time the place belonged to 
Williamza, daughter and heiress of William Jansen, who afterwards became the 
wife of the Honourable Lionel Darner, youngest son of the Earl of Dorchester. 
At Mrs. Darner's decease in 1827 the manor was sold to John Cree. A great deal 
of Owermoigne was cultivated on the common field system ; but this was altered, 
and divided into farms by Act of Parliament in 1829. The old map shows you 
something of the common field system. My late father and Mr. Cumiington, of 
Dorchester, opened two barrows here one on the downs and one on the heath. 
These both contained urns of clay, filled with ashes. They are now in the 
Dorset Museum. Part of an old British entrenchment remains in Heathfield 
Plantation, about a mile and a-half north of the village. Traces show it was 
originally 100 yards long by 50 yards wide, oval in shape. In Browiijolm's 
Plantation is a large barrow, and one side of an entrenchment 120 yards long. 
A hundred years ago Owermoigne was a great haunt of smugglers ; in fact, all 
the community smuggled. From what I have heard, the church tower was one 



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1. CAME AND OWERMOIGNE. 

much enjoyed, and shortly before five o'clock the vehicles drew 
up at Came Rectory, the most picturesque thatched house which 
for nearly a quarter of a century was the abode of the Dorset 
Poet. The Rev. E. C. and Mrs. Leslie had most hospitably 
invited the club to tea, which was served both in the house and 
on the lawn. After tea the members gathered in one of the 
rooms for the business meeting, at which the President took the 
chair. 

The following three gentlemen, proposed on May 4th as 
members of the club, were balloted for and duly elected : Mr. 
Cyril D. Day, of Downing College, Cambridge ; Mr. H. S. 
Newnham, of the Wilts and Dorset Bank, Dorchester ; and Dr. 
H. E. South, Fleet-Surgeon R.N. (retired), of the Manor House, 
Moreton. 

The PRESIDENT mentioned that Mr. Alfred Russel Wallace, 
the eminent scientist, whose name is associated with that of 
Charles Darwin in his great discoveries, had done the club the 
honour to accept the position of honorary member. 

A donation of five guineas was voted towards the fund for the 
second series of excavations to be undertaken at Maumbury 
Rings in August. The HON. SEC. mentioned that this official 
donation would no doubt be considerably augmented by the 
individual subscriptions of members, who gave liberally towards 
the Avork last autumn. 

Before the club left Came Rectory for Dorchester Mr. and 
Mrs. Leslie were warmly thanked for their kindness and welcome 
entertainment. 




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TARRANT VALLEY. 



li. 



SECOND SUMMER MEETING. 
VISIT TO THE TARRANT VALLEY, JULY 27iH. 

THE SECOND SUMMER MEEING of 1909 will be remembered 
in the history of the Club as having been held on one of the 
wettest days on record. Nevertheless, a- party numbering nearly 
70 assembled at Blandford for the journey along the valley of 
the Tarrant, a little tributary of the Stour. The itinerary 
included "Crawford Castle " and seven "Tarrant" villages. 

CRAWFORD CASTLE, 

or Spettisbury Rings, was first visited. As it was pointed out 
by the ASSISTANT SECRETARY, this earthwork belongs to the 
" promontory-fort " class. At the time when the railway was 
carried through the camp some 80 skeletons were dug up, several 
having broken skulls. 

TARRANT CRAWFORD : ITS CHURCH AND ABBEY. 

At Tarrant Crawford Church the 
party was met by the RECTOR (the 
Rev. P. B. Wingate), who read a 
paper on the history of the Cister- 
cian nunnery founded at this place 
in the reign of Henry I. by Ralph 
de Kohaynes, lord of the neigh- 
bouring manor of Keynston. This 
house was an abbey,* and two other 
Cistercian communities existed in 
Dorset for monks the abbeys of 
Bindon and Forde. 

la a very dry season foundations could 
still be traced near the river, but nothing 

* Dom Gasquet is evidently wrong in calling it a Priory in his list of Religious 
Houses. [Ed.] 




Hi. TARRANT VALLEY. 

could be determined of the plan of the whole group of buildings, nor of the site 
of the chapel in which were buried the bodies of Ralph and William de Kohaynes, 
Queen Joan of Scotland, and Bishop Richard Poore, the rebuilder of the abbey. 
The church as it now stands dates from the periodof Edward I., and contains a 
.Norman font and piscina. 

The Rev. C. R. BASKETT recalled the fact that when he was a 
boy the stone foundations of the conventual buildings were 
uncovered, but unfortunately used by the late Mr. Drax as 
material for the building of his park wall. Coffins and encaustic 
tiles had also been dug up. 

The HON. SECRETARY, in answer to a question relating to an 
ancient brass commemorating one of the priory chaplains, 
elicited the statement that it had been at one time deposited in 
the British Museum, and subsequently returned at the request 
of the late Rector; but that it had disappeared before Mr. 
Wingate's arrival. 

The old Tithe Barn was then visited. Attention was called to 
the date 1518 upon a part of the fine hammer-beam roof. Under 
the guidance of Mr. Drake some ancient rooms in the adjoining 
farmhouse were also inspected. On leaving the place, the 
PRESIDENT expressed the thanks of the Members to the Rector 
and Mr. Drake for their kind reception of the party, and assured 
them of their appreciation of the zeal they had shown in the 
preservation of the interesting remains. 

TARRANT KEYNSTON CHURCH. 

This was rebuilt in 1853 from the design of T. H. Wyatt, 
diocesan architect at the time. 



TARRANT RUSHTON. 

The next stopping place was Tarrant Rushton Church, where 
the party were greeted by the venerable RECTOR (the Rev. 
James Penny), who is remembered as having been for some 



TARRANT VALLEY. 



liii. 



20 years the Head-Master of the historic Grammar School of 
Milton Abbas, and who numbered among his old boys men of 
the distinction of General Lord Grenfell, Bishop Smythies, and 
Mr. Bosworth Smith. 

Addressing the Members present, Mr. Penny described the many interesting 
features of this remarkable church the Eomanesque chancel arch, the north 
transept with its Early English windows, and the rest of the church of the 
Decorated period, the three hagioscopes in excellent preservation, the mutilated 
lintel over the south door with what appears to be a lamb, a cross, a fish issuing 




from the mouth of the lamb, and two figures of men sitting. The party made a 
close inspection of the church, and much speculation was rife as to the real 
object of the two jars or vases in niches above the chancel arch, and supposed by 
some to have been placed there for enriching the voice of the preacher. Mr. 
Penny reminded the Club how the ancient Greeks and Romans placed hollow 
vessels in their public buildings for this purpose. He also pointed out in the west 
wall of the north transept, close to the long, low, lancet-headed window, a plain 
low door of the same date, which the older inhabitants of that remote village 
used, within living memory, to call "the lepers' gate." In corroboration of this 
there was documentary evidence, supported by the actual foundations, of the 
existence within a few yards of the west wall, and bordering on the running 
water of the Tarrant, of a leper hospital dedicated to St. Leonard. 

The HON. SECRETARY expressed the opinion that what the 
Rector suggested to be an Easter sepulchre on the north side of 
the east wall of the church was a niche for the statue of the 
patron saint. 



li v> TARRANT VALLEY. 

THE RUSHTON RECTORY MUSEUM. BUSINESS MEETING. 

From the church, at the Rector's kind invitation, the party 
walked to the Rectory and inspected the most interesting 
collections in his geological and natural history museum. The 
coleoptera and lepidoptera are especially noticeable. 

Here a short Business Meeting was held. The one candidate 
for the membership of the Club was duly elected. The work of 
Messrs. H. Le Jeune and R. Dawes at the Little Mayne stone 
circle was duly reported, exactly 50 stones having been found 
and plotted on the 2 5 -inch map, and a vote of thanks was passed 
to them. Captain J. E. Acland, curator of the Dorset County 
Museum, has called attention to important documentary evidence 
which, if correct, effectually dissipates the idea of some that the 
so-called stone circle at Little Mayne is not a circle at all, but 
only a fortuitous concourse of sarsens. Roger Gale, writing in 
1710, mentions that the circle had lately been destroyed, and 
that it formerly had two avenues, one approaching it from the 
south and one from the east. Thus Chas. Warne may have been 
right when, in his "Ancient Dorset," he described the Little 
Mayne circle and avenues as "the finest Druidical temple in the 
county." 

COUNTY DEEDS. VALUABLE GIFT BY MR. E. A. FRY. 
The HON. SECRETARY read the following letter : 

"June 19th, 1909. Thornhill, Kenley, Surrey. Dear Mr. Pentin, I have a 
large number of deeds referring to Dorset, which I bought from the executors of 
the late Mr. James Coleinan, who, as you know, had a vast collection of deeds, 
&c., which have now been sorted into counties, and are on sale in county lots or 
in parish lots in those cases where the counties have been sorted into parishes. I 
should like to present these Dorset deeds to the Dorset Field Club, as the 
principal county Archaeological Society, but I am confronted by the fact that the 
Club has no ' habitat ' where the deeds could be stored or inspected by those 
interested, or where they could be opened out from time to time for the 
purpose of airing them. The Club has, I believe, its meetings at the Museum in 



TARRANT VALLEY. Iv. 

Dorchester, but has no ' rights ' or room of its own therein. Can you suggest 
any plan by which these deeds, while being the Club's property, could be 
available to anyone for inspection or copying, if the Museum authorities will 
house and be responsible for them? The number of deeds is about 1,200, and 
they fill a box measuring 6ft. by 3ft. by 3ft., done up as they are now in bundles. 
I have prepared a card catalogue of them arranged under parishes, of which I 
enclose a few specimens ; but to be of general use they want further calendaring 
with more details of field names, tenants' names, signatures, &c. My object in 
presenting this collection to the Club is to form a nucleus around which may 
gather other gifts of similar deeds and documents relating to the county. Many 
land and property owners, no doubt, have quantities of deeds, &c., put away as 
lumber which are of great interest historically, and, if it were known that our 
Club had already a collection to which they could add them, I feel sure many 
gentlemen would be glad to send their old deeds and get rid of them usefully. 
This collection does not pretend to include many very old deeds, charters, or 
Court or Manor Rolls, but I know there is plenty of information to be found in 
them which can be found nowhere else. The only condition I should like to 
make in offering them to the Dorset Field Club is that some competent person be 
employed in making a really detailed calendar of them, which in course of time 
might be printed, the sale of which would probably cover the cost (if any) of 
such calendaring. I enclose a rough list of names of parishes. The deeds 
themselves are arranged under their parishes in chronological order. There is 
also a small collection of local Acts of Parliament. Yours very truly, EDW. 
ALEX. FEY." 

Mr. Pentin added that when he received this letter he sub- 
mitted it to the Executive of the Field Club, and they said that 
they would be very pleased to accept Mr. Fry's generous gift, 
and also to pay for the calendaring of the deeds if necessary. 
Then the Council of the County Museum were willing to house the 
deeds given to the Club. The PRESIDENT said that they ought 
to be most grateful to Mr. Fry, since that was the first gift of the 
kind that the Club had received, and he hoped that it would 
form a nucleus around which other deeds would be gathered. 
(Hear, hear.) The Rev. F. W. WEAVER, in seconding the vote 
of thanks, said that not less had they to thank Mr. Fry for the 
very interesting and valuable abstracts of the Inquisitiones post 
mortem, upon making which he had spent much time and money. 
These deeds were very valuable, and, if they could be calendared 
and printed in the Club's " Proceedings," it would be a great 
work for Dorset people to refer to. Mr. FRY, in responding to 



Ivi. TARRANT VALLEY. 

the vote of thanks, said that there was much more in these deeds 
than many would think, and he hoped that landowners would 
add to the collection. Air. Fry then read a paper on the descent 
of the manor of Tarrant Gunville. Before leaving the Rectory 
the party were invited to partake of coffee and light refreshments, 
including strawberries and cream very welcome after the drive. 



TARRANT RAWSTON. 

The party drove on to the neighbouring church of Tarrant 
Rawston, with its ivy-mantled tower and pyramidal roof. Here 
they were received courteously by Mr. JOHN COSSINS, of the 
Manor House, who read a short paper on Tarrant Rawston 
Manor, also called Tarrant Antioch, and its church, which 
belonged originally to Shaftesbury Abbey. The PRESIDENT 
expressed the thanks of the club to Mr. Cossins. The HON. 
SEC. said they were glad to have been able to visit this church 
because it had so pleasing an exterior. Mr. Weaver and he 
thought that the encaustic tiles placed around the font might 
originally have belonged to Tarrant Abbey. 

TARRANT MONKTON. 

Time did not admit of the party entering the church of 
Tarrant Monkton or Monachorum, although the Vicar (the Rev. 
.W. F. Adye) was present to show it. The whole church has 
been rebuilt, with the exception of the tower, which is inter- 
esting. In Tarrant Monkton, or rather in the adjoining hamlet 
of Tarrant Launceston, which is really a part of it, was anciently 
a fraternity, for in a schedule of legacies of Wm. Lovel, of 
" Tarent Rawson," who died 33 Henry VIII., is included the 
bequest of two heifers to " the brotherhood of Our Lady at 
Tarent Monkton." Both brotherhood and house have quite 
disappeared. 



TARRANT VALLEY. Mi. 

TARRANT HINTON. 

At Tarrant Hinton Church the RECTOR, the Rev. E. J. Heriz 
Smith, received the party and pointed out the chief features of 
the building, which is of the Perpendicular style. 

Of an earlier structure there remain fragments of Norman zigzag moulding, 
built into the wall over the south door, and a fine Norman font of dark -brown 
ironstone, with square bowl supported by a central stem and four slender shafts, 
and its sides adorned with a shallowly -carved arcading. There is the piscina of 
a side altar, a hagioscope, and altar rails, the undoubted work of Grinling 
Gibbons, as they came from Pembroke College Chapel, which he was employed 
to adorn with his carving. Of the three bells, said the Rector, one is of the date 
1450, as could be proved by the marks it bears of the Shaftesbury bell founders. 
One of the most noticeable features of the church is the richly-carved Easter 
sepulchre, of Renaissance feeling, built in 1520 by the then Rector, Thomas 
Trotwell or Weaver. 



TARRANT GUNVILLE AND EASTBURY. 

The party drove on to Tarrant Gunville, the furthest point of 
the day's trip. Here they had almost an embarras de richesse in 
the matter of hospitality, for, while Mr. and Mrs. H. F. W. 
Farquharson had invited the Club to tea at Eastbury House, an 
equally kind invitation had been received from Mr. and Mrs. 
Hughes-Gibb, of the Manor House. The party had the pleasure 
of visiting both houses, some taking tea at one and some at the 
other ; and the cordiality and comfort which they found under 
the roofs of their kind hosts and hostesses made ample amends 
for all the hardships of the way and the buffeting of wind and 
rain. 

Eastbuiy House is noted as the remaining wing of the imposing mansion here 
reared, in this picturesque and richl}- -timbered parkland, by the famous Geo. Bubb 
Dodington, who, although only the son of a Weymouth apothecary, yet by his 
natural ability and shrewdness, and especially by his adroitness in electioneering 
in that borough, got himself raised to the perage in 1761 as Lord Melcombe. 
This remarkable man was at one time envoy extraordinary to the Court of Spain 
and plenipoteniary there, and he was also Member of Parliament for Bridgwater, 
Weymouth, and Melcombe Regis. The house, which cost 140,000, was 



Iviii. TARRANT VALLEY 1 . 

described by Cumberland in 17/56 as "magnificent, massy, and stretching to 
a great extent in front, with an enormous portico of Doric columns." Yet 
the greater part of the structure, despite its massiness and magnificence, was 
pulled down within a few years, leaving only the wing which now forms Mr. 
Farquharson's residence. Most of the party climbed the staircase to the tower- 
top to take a glimpse of the extensive view, which can only be enjoyed properly 
on a fine day. The rooms were also inspected, some of them of much interest 
for example, the haunted chamber ; the small room adjoining, beautifully 
panelled from floor to ceiling in oak ; the apartment called the Greenroom, next 
to the drawing room, elegantly adorned by Josiah Wedgwood himself, who was 
for a time the owner of Eastbury. Among the pictures the visitors noticed 
particularly the fine equestrian portrait of Mr. James John Farquharsoii and his 
famous huntsman, Jim Treadwell. This portrait, by Francis Grant, was 
presented to Mr. Farquharson by the friends of his hunt in 1857 as a proof of 
their regard and esteem, and in recognition of the kind and liberal manner in 
which he hunted the county of Dorset at his sole expense for half a century. 

After the PRESIDENT had expressed the hearty thanks of the 
Club to Mr. and Mrs. Farquharson the party proceeded to the 
Manor House. This house, set in beautifully-kept grounds and 
gardens, contains a variety of things of beauty and interest. 
Time is inexorable, and, though the visitors would fain have 
stayed longer, they had soon to remount their carriages and 
return to Blandford to catch their trains. On driving away from 
the Manor House, after bidding Mr. and Mrs. Hughes-Gibb and 
their family adieu, they had a good view of Tarrant Gunville 
Church, which was entirely re-built in 1845, and the rector of 
which (the Rev. J. L. Rhye) joined the party at Eastbury. The 
drive to Blandford through " the fine champaign country " would 
have been much enjoyed but for the incessant rain. Thus ended 
the " Torrent " Valley meeting of vivid memory ! 



TAUNTON AND DUNSTER. Hx. 

THIRD SUMMER MEETING. 

TAUNTON AXD DUNSTER. 

THE THIRD SUMMER MEETING of the Club took place on 
Wednesday and Thursday, August 25th and 26th. The attend- 
ance of Members was rather disappointing, although the weather 
was fine. 

The party arrived at Taunton by train at 12.35, and repaired 
to the Castle Hotel, which had been chosen as headquarters. 

CLEEVE ABBEY. 

At 1.45 a start was made from Taunton for Wash ford Station, 
whence a short walk brought the visitors to the somewhat 
extensive remains of the Cistercian Abbey of Cleeve. Upon 
their arrival the Rev. F. W. WEAVER (who kindly acted as guide) 
gave the following account of the Abbey and its past history : 

Cleeve Abbey was founded between 1186 and 1191 by William de Eomara, and 
is thus of somewhat later foundation than the two great Cistercian Abbeys of 
Dorset Ford founded in 1140 and Bindon in 1172. Cleeve was the only 
Cistercian house in Somerset. All Cistercian houses were given the status of 
abbeys, and all dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. The last Abbot of Ford was 
made by the authorities at Citeaux visitor of all the monasteries in the south- 
west of England ; and, therefore, he conceived that he was right in saying that 
Ford was looked upon as the mother of them all. He called attention to the 
only remaining portion of the cloisters, that on the west side, and pointed to the 
entrance which was used by the conversl, or lay brethren, whom the Cistercians, 
who were great fanners and wool growers, were in the habit of associating to 
themselves for the sake of the assistance which they gave them in agricultural 
work in the tilling of the fields and the tending of their flocks and herds. 
These eonrersi, although engaged in agricultural work, were at first monks to all 
intents and purposes, subject to the rule of the Order ; but in later times this 
strictness was relaxed, and they were allowed to live in the village and to marry. 
In the north wall he pointed out a seat which was, perhaps, occupied by the 
claustral prior, who kept order in the cloisters. Of the magnificent church of the 
abbey only the foundations remained, overgrown with moss and grass. At the 
end of each of the transepts were two square chapels, still traceable by their 
foundations. But, though the demolition of the church was to be regretted 



i x> TAtfNTON AND DtfNSTER. 

deeply, it was gratifying that, thanks to Mr. Luttrell, the domestic buildings had 
been preserved almost intact. He pointed out, on the east side of the garth, the 
sacristy, or vestry, next to it the entrance to the library, the beautiful entrance to 
the chapter house, and then the stone stairs leading up to the dormitory, which 
extended beyond the refectory right along over the chapter house, chequer, and 
sacristy. On the south side of the garth was the refectory of the late loth or 
early 16th century. Usually the refectory was at right angles to the cloisters, 
and a few years ago the site of the old refectory was discovered at right angles 
to the new one, with a magnificent floor of encaustic tiles. He pointed out on 
the south side of the cloister garth the lavatory where the monks used to wash 
their hands before meals. 

Under Mr. Weaver's guidance the party then went over the buildings, 
examining first the foundations of the church, and then passing on to the 
sacristy, with a fine round 13th century window of a diameter of no less than 
seven feet and a-half, and to the chapter -house, its roof with a quadripartite 
vaulting in two spans. In the surviving portion of the dormitory Mr. Weaver 
said he supposed that it was the largest and finest monastic dormitory remaining 
in the British Isles. It used to extend right over the day room or calefactory, so 
called because it was warmed in the winter time, when it was used as a 
laboratory, study, and workshop. When Mr. Luttrell bought the property it 
was in a deplorable state, occupied by cows and pigs. After showing the slype 
or narrow way leading to the monks' cemetery, he led the party to inspect the 
beautiful heraldic tiles forming the floor of the old refectory, and thence they 
proceeded to mount the stone stairs of the fine new refectory (" new " being, of 
course, used comparative^ ; certainly not absolutely.) It is a Perpendicular 
hall built over an Early English substructure. On the east side the transoms 
of the Perpendicular windows are enriched with bands pierced with quatrefoils. 
Attention was called to a recess, which may mark the site of the pulpit, from 
which the lector read to the brethren during meal-time. Close by it is a large 
Tudor fireplace, probably inserted when, after the Dissolution, the premises were 
put to other uses. The roof, of Spanish chestnut, as far as one could judge, is a 
beautiful feature, richly panelled, and the hammer-beams carved to represent 
angels and other figures. Mr. Weaver observed that that beautiful refectory 
had been attributed to Abbot Dovel or Dowell ; but that Abbot did not begin to 
reign until 1510, and he himself assumed that the room was begun about the 
year 1470, when the wool trade in Somerset was very flourishing and money 
plentiful. At the east end of the hall can still be discerned traces of a painted 
Rood in distemper. Mr. Weaver took the opportunity of here saying something 
about that appendage to Cleeve, the Chapel of St. Mary by the Sea, a famous 
place of pilgrimage. 

On leaving Cleeve, the visitors inspected the gatehouse, the 
latest portion of the buildings, and its date determined, 
approximately at any rate, not only by the architecture, but also 



TAUNtON AND Dt'NSTER. Ixi. 

by the name of Abbot Dovell carved on the face of the inner 
wall, the abbatial staff impaling the letter " V " and turning it 
practically into a " W." Over the entrance is carved the distych 

" Porta patens esto 

Xulli claudaris honesto." 

Captain ELWES offered the luminous suggestion that the 
word "honesto" was not without a subtle and half-humorous 
reference, in the spirit of the age, to the Abbot's own name 
" Do- well." Under the shadow of this ever-open door, shutting 
to no "honest" persons, the ACTING PRESIDENT voiced the 
hearty thanks of the Club to Mr. Weaver for so kindly and so 
ably acting as guide, and for the learned address which he had 
given them. Mr. WEAVER, in a few words of acknowledgment, 
observed that the chief part of the work which he had done in 
connection with Cleeve had been not on the masonry of the 
Abbey, but on the documents relating to it. 

TAUNTON CASTLE AND MUSEUM. 

On regaining Taunton, the party refreshed themselves with tea 
at the hotel, after which, precisely at six o'clock, they presented 
themselves at the Castle gates, where Mr. St. George Gray was 
kindly in attendance by appointment to show them over the 
Castle and the fine Museum of the Somerset Archaeological and 
Natural History Society which is now lodged within the ancient 
walls. After greetings had been exchanged Mr. GRAY warned 
the visitors that some of the neighbouring buildings were only 
castellated copies, less than a hundred years old, of the Castle 
itself. But the two arches of the gateway, upon which the 
modern superstructure was erected, were the original arches of 
the outer eastern gateway. He pointed out the Old Grammar 
School of Taunton, of the date 1544, and the original situation 
of the Castle moat adjoining the River Tone. The inner 
gateway of the Castle was built in 1196 by Bishop Langton, of 
Winchester, for the Bishops of Winchester owned the Castle of 



jxii. TAUNTON AND DUNSTER. 

Taunton for 800 years, using it as a western residence down from 
Saxon times. Now nothing was left to them but certain water 
rights. After reading the inscriptions upon the gateway, " Vive 
le Roi Henri" and " Laus tibi Xpe," the party entered the 
ancient building now occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Gray and 
decorated and furnished in admirable taste. The largest room 
was a schoolroom, and amongst the old boys who had obtained 
celebrity was Sir Robert Hart, of China, who spent a year and 
a-half there. 

From his house he led the way to the supposed site of the Saxon and Norman 
Castle. (The Saxon Castle was associated with the name of Ilia, King of the 
West Saxons.) The great hall of the Castle, 120 feet long and 31 wide, is now 
the principal part of the Museum. The assizes for the county were held in it up 
to the year 1855 or 1856, and here in 1685 Judge Jeffreys sat to hold the Bloody 
Assize. He pointed out one of the latest acquisitions of the Museum the state 
coach in which the Sheriff of the county brought the judges of assize to the 
court. The earliest part of the castle was of the date 1136, with typical Norman 
buttresses, and walls of a thickness of no less than 13 feet. 

Entering the Museum and Library, the party proceeded to inspect its treasures, 
all of which are arranged and described in a manner that reflects great credit on 
the Curator. Mr. Gray mentioned that the society have a library of 20,000 
books. Among the miscellaneous objects on view inside the door is a reliquary, 
supposed to contain the blood of Thomas a'Becket, and an ancient jug with a 
pewter lid, bearing, it is said, one of the only five signatures of William 
Shakespere known to exist, with the date of 1602. In Roman tesselated floors 
the Somerset Museum is not so rich as the Dorset ; but one fine specimen of 
Roman mosaic depicts with wonderful life and modernity of feeling two hunters 
bringing home a stag killed in the chase. The stag is slung by the legs on a pole 
borne on their shoulders. Each hunter has a spear in his hand, and the 
indispensable dog is also in the picture. As Mr. Gray observed, the designs of 
these mosaics are usually geometrical patterns, and a scene of the chase like this 
is of far greater interest. The party proceeded to inspect the implements of the 
Bronze Age in which, Mr. Gray remarked, the Museum is rich, and which 
includes fine bronze swords, six palstaves, or axes, and a broken spearhead found 
in the laying of a drain between Wilton Church and Sherford, and the founder's 
hoard of bronze implements discovered in Wick Park, near Stogursey, in 1870, 
and deposited on loan by Sir Alexander Acland Hood. In the same case the 
visitors had the good fortune to see the latest and perhaps the greatest treasure 
of all the much-talked-of British gold tore, or torque, found recently at 
Hendford Hill, near Yeovil. The tore, which looks as fresh and bright as if it 
had just come straight from the hands of the goldsmith, weighs oozs. and 
7'5 dwts., and its bullion value is 24. The party next looked at the good 



tAUNTON AND DUNSTER. Ixiii. 

collection of encaustic tiles, the fine range of Somerset coins and tokens, the series 
of Saxon silver coins, beginning with that famous mint-founder, King Athelstan, 
being especially markworthy. Entering the large hall, formerly the Court of 
Assize, the party were struck by its dignified dimensions, and the noble timber 
roof which was revealed to sight when the low plastered ceiling was demolished. 
It cost 850 to restore the roof and the rest of the hall before it was fit for the 
reception of the Museum collections, which are here so effectively set out. In 
view of the Clab's visits to the Belgic lake villages of Glastonbury and Meare, and 
the lecture on the excavations given to the Club by Mr. Gray at Wells last year, 
attention was immediately arrested by the fine case of relics from the Glastonbury 
lake village. Most interesting and instructive was it to see, alongside the old 
bone weaving combs, the specimen of weaving in three colours done by Mrs. 
Whistler, of Chesilborne, showing the way in which the weft was worked in by 
means of wooden imitations of the perforated meta-tarsal bones of sheep found 
in the Glastonbury Lake Village. Next year, remarked Mr. Gray, they were 
going to begin work on the Meare Lake Village, which is twice as large 
as the Glastonbury Lake Village, which has been excavated ; and, if they 
proceeded at the same rate, it would take 20 years to complete the task ! Xear 
by the Lake Village case was one which caught up the thoughts of the visitors, 
and took them back to Dorset some of the duplicate finds made at Maumbury 
Rings last year, especially the picks of red-deer antler found in the prehistoric 
pit or shaft which is, with one exception, the deepest archaeological excavation 
ever made in the country. Another case of much interest is that containing the 
finds, of the Bronze Age, from Wick Barrow, popularly called " Pixies' 
Mound," Stoke Courcy, excavated in 190", especially the skulls, the three 
beakers found with the secondary interment, a fine flint knife or dagger, and a 
human tibia of the platycnemic or " sharp-shinned " type. Other exhibits of 
note are the fine collection of Elton ware from Clevedon ; the assortment of old 
club brasses, pole-heads, and emblems ; Mr. John Marshall's collection of British 
" Albino " birds, the finest British collection, and including (ornithological 
paradox) specimens of the white blackbird ! There is, said Mr. Gray, no finer 
collection in the kingdom than that in the Taunton Museum of the bones of the 
extinct mammalia found in the Mendip Caves ; and as the party gazed at the 
complete skeleton of the hyaena, and the remains of other big game, long 
extinct, he mentioned that natural science experts from London frequently come 
down to make drawings of these bones for comparative purposes. The party 
next inspected a beautiful case of 17th and ISth century Somerset pottery, made 
at Wincanton, Ilminster, Bristol, and Watchet, which last pottery is now 
extremely rare. The finest specimen of Somerset and Bristol pottery is a fine 
dish, dated of the same year as Sedgemoor 16S5. There are also on view 
specimens of the curious and tricksy old fuddling cup or " jolly boy." 

After dinner at the Castle Hotel a short Business Meeting was 
held. 



l x lv. TAUNTON AND 

The HON. SECRETARY took the opportunity to state that the 
1200 deeds relating to the county of Dorset which had been 
presented to the Club by Mr. E. A. Fry, of London, were now in 
the County Museum, and the Club were inviting offers of help 
from Members in the matter of making abstracts of these deeds 
in order that they may be printed. Mr. H. Symonds, of Bridport, 
and Mr. W. B. Wildman, the Sherborne historian, had volun- 
teered their assistance, and they were well qualified for the work ; 
but it was too big a job for only two pairs of hands, and the Club 
would be glad to have further offers of help. 

THE AVEBURY EXCAVATIONS. 

Mr. H. ST. GEORGE GRAY delivered an able lecture on " The 
Avebury Excavations of 1908 and 1909," which were carried out 
under his direction. The lecture was marked with all Mr. 
Gray's characteristic clearness, fulness, and precision of state- 
ment, and its interest was much enhanced by the exhibition of a 
series of lantern slides made from photographs taken by Mr. 
Gray himself, some of them being of marked beauty as well as of 
scientific interest. 

The excavations were carried out the first year under the auspices of the 
British Association, and this year the fund was supplemented by donations from 
the Society of Antiquaries and other learned bodies and individuals. The return 
in actual relics was trifling when compared with the cost of obtaining them. Mr. 
Gray observed (and this observation is relevant to the digging of Maumbury 
Rings now proceeding) that the success or non-success of archaeological investiga- 
tions was to be gauged, not by the number and excellence of the relics found, 
but by the extension of archaeological knowledge. The lecturer gave a vivid idea 
of the impressively majestic sight which Avebury must have presented when it 
was perfect, with its two inner circles of megaliths on an area of land 1,400 feet 
in diameter within the huge encircling vallum, whereas the corresponding 
diameter of Stonehenge measures but 300 feet ; and with the dignified approach 
to it through the Kennet Avenue, which, although there are now but eleven 
stones left in alignment, formerly comprised 300 stones. Avebury in its glory, 
with the Kennet Avenue, consisted of no less than 650 stones, but at present 
only about 45 remained. The relationship, if any, which Avebury has to its 
great neighbour, Silbury Hill the largest artificial mound in Britain has yet to 
be determined. Mr. Gray gave a detailed description of the excavation of the 



TAUNTON AND DUNSTER. 



Ixv. 



great ditch, in which, as the workmen dug down, they recovered relics of modern, 
mediaeval, and Roman times, and then of the prehistoric Iron, Bronze, and Stone 
Ages. Eed-deer antler picks were found resting on the hard chalk bottom of 
the ditch, together with the shoulder blades of oxen, which were used as spades ! 
The great foss at Avebury was the largest ancient ditch ever excavated iii 
England. As to the result of the excavations, they had practically proved 
Avebury to date back to the late Stone Age, whereas they knew that Stonehenge 
was of the Early Bronze Age. It had always been supposed that Avebury was 
somewhat earlier than Stonehenge, because the stones were not dressed as they 
were at Stonehenge. 

A short discussion followed the lecture. 

The ACTING PRESIDENT, in expressing appreciation of Mr. 
Gray's most interesting lecture, said that the stones themselves 
were mysterious masses of sand cemented together by some 
cohesive element, while the uncemented sand had been washed 
away, until these megaliths had come down to rest on the 
geologically far earlier chalk beds. 

Canon LANGFORD asked Mr. Gray if he could suggest the 
purpose for which a place like Avebury was constructed. Was 
it sepulchral, religious, or political ? 

Mr. GRAY answered that in England no circle had been proved 
to be sepulchral, although in Scotland the majority had been 
found to be so, interments having been found in most of them. 
It was easier to prove the date of these places than their actual 
purpose. He added that his report for this year had gone to the 
Winnipeg meeting of the British Association. With the third 
season's work they would probably complete their investigation 
of Avebury. 

The HON. SECRETARY proposed a hearty vote of thanks to 
Mr. Gray for his lecture. Canon LANGFORD said that, as the 
oldest Member of the Club attending the meeting, he should be 
glad to second it, and the vote was carried with applause. 



Lxvi. TAUNTON AND DUNSTER. 

THURSDAY. 
MAGDALENE CHURCH AND PRIORY "BARN." 

After breakfast a visit was paid to the Church of St. Mary 
Magdalene, which was oiiginally built in 1308, and the vicarage 
endowed by the neighbouring priory. Of the original church 
little remains beyond a portion of the north aisle. The main 
part of the present spacious and handsome church, with that 
unusual feature a double aisle on either side was erected in 
1508. Shortly after 1860 the fine old tower, one of the loftiest 
and most beautiful towers of Somerset, was found to be in a 
dangerous state, and was taken down. The present tower, an 
exact reproduction of it, was built in 1862. " Marlen '' church 
and tower for so Magdalene is rendered in broad Somerset 
dialect is declared to be the pride of the natives of Taunton 
Deane for miles around. The Vicar, the Ven. Archdeacon 
Askwith, was unfortunately away, and so not able to receive the 
Club, to whom he had given a cordial invitation to visit the 
church. 

A few Members of the Club found their way with some 
difficulty to the so-called Priory Barn, situated at the further end 
of St. James's Street, and a building which, although now used 
partly as a barn and partly as a stable, certainly had a more 
reputable ancestry. In the gable end nearest the road are two 
good Early Decorated windows, one above the other, each 
consisting of two lancet-headed lights with chamfers, and with a 
graceful cinquefoil in the apex, the whole surmounted by a hood 
mould. This is a building to which obviously the antiquaries of 
Somerset ought to give more heed and take means for its 
preservation. 

DUNSTER CASTLE. 

At 10.35 the party left^ Taunton Station for Dunster. The 
picturesque village street, with its quaintly-designed "Yarn- 
Market" and many remains of Tudor domestic architecture, 



TAUNTON AND DUNSTER. Ixvii. 

nestling under the Castle hill, is a most striking and delightful 
survival of feudal days. 

Between Dunster and Dorset, there is more than one connecting link. For 
instance, the Dorset family of de Mohun (afterward abbreviated to the less 
distinguished and less euphonious form " Moon,") of Fleet (" Moon Fleet ") and 
Hammoon, are direct descendants of the Norman family of the Mohuns, or 
Moions, who built the Castle, and from whom it passed by purchase to the 
present owners. To be precise, after the death in 1376 of John de Mohun, his 
widow, Lady Joan, sold the reversion to Lady Elizabeth Luttrell. second cousin 
of the Black Prince, and in the possession of her descendants it remained to the 
present day. When in Dunster Priory Church, later in the day, the Club 
observed the incised grave slab of this same Lady Elizabeth Luttrell, with an 
inscription in Old English characters recording her death in 1400 (MCCCC). 
Another tie with Dorset is that Colonel Francis Luttrell, of Duuster, in 1680 
married Mary, the beautiful daughter and heiress of John Tregonwell, of Milton 
Abbey. They had one son ; but he died young, and thereupon the Dorset 
property went back to Mary Tregonwell, who afterwards married Sir Jacob 
Baiicks. 

Mr. Luttrell, before leading the way over the Castle and 
pointing out the principal apartments and the many objects of 
interest, value, and beauty which they contain, characterised the 
building tersely as an Elizabethan front put on to the older 
fortified structure of the reign of Henry III. 

The grand staircase furnishes a good example of the costly wood- work 
executed in this country by Italian workers in the reign of Charles II., who is 
said to have visited the Castle himself. The bedroom he occupied is still shown, 
with the narrow secret passage, or room, with a seat at the end of it, constructed 
in the thickness of the wall at the back of the bedstead head, and a place of 
refuge in case of sudden alarm. Another spacious apartment, commanding a 
landscape and seascape of surpassing beauty, was occupied as a bedroom by our 
present King when, as Prince of Wales, he visited the Castle. It was, before 
that visit, the drawing-room, and has a fine plaster ceiling. In Prince Charles's 
room is an interesting plaster chimney piece, moulded with figures representing 
Plenty and Poverty and other subjects, and said to be the work of local workmen 
in 1620, which year appears on it in Arabic numerals. In another fine apartment 
the attention of the party was arrested by some beautiful examples of painted 
leather of Spanish workmanship, of the 17th century, suggestive of tapestry, but 
bolder and more brilliant. Scenes from the story of Antony and Cleopatra are 
vigorously represented by the artist. 

In the great hall one notices a modern fireplace of Tudor style, carved with a 
facsimile of the entry in Domesday recording that in the time of Edward the 



Ixviii. TAUNTON AND DUNSTER. 

Confessor Al uric held " Torre," as Dunster was then called (cj. the Dartmoor 
" tors " and the latin " turris "), and there had his castcllitm, so that there was a 
Saxon as well as Norman and Early English Castle at Dunster. In the same 
hall is to be seen in a glass case the fine collection of original deeds of the 
Luttrell family, with the seals attached to them. When in 1650 Prynne incurred 
the displeasure of Oliver Cromwell he was sent for detention to Dunster Castle, 
upon which the Parliament's order for " slighting," had happily not been 
executed, and there he amused himself by arranging the family muniments. One 
of the most interesting is an acknowledgment of the Lady Joan Mohun to Lady 
Elizabeth Luttrell for 5,000 marks paid for the Castle of Dunster. 

Had time only permitted, the visitors would have been glad, on bidding adieu 
to Mr. and Mrs. Luttrell, to linger in the lovely gardens, where thriving exotics 
bear witness to the exceptional mildness of the climate. Besides sturdy palms 
one notices particularly a lemon tree, loaded with lemons of full size ripening in 
the open air. 



DUNSTER PRIORY CHURCH. 

On the way to the church the lofty-timbered house known as 
the " Nunnery " was passed, never apparently, notwithstanding 
its name, used for conventual purposes an exceedingly pictur- 
esque half-timber building of considerable size. The Vicar of the 
Priory Church, Prebendary Hancock, F.S.A., was unfortunately 
unable to return from a journey in time to receive the party, and 
in his absence the Club were once more indebted to the good 
offices of the Rev. F. W. Weaver. 

The monks of Dunster were Benedictines ; Dunster was a cell of Bath Abbey. 
The Bishop of Bath and Wells was titular Abbot, and the Prior of Dunster was 
always appointed from the monks of Bath. At Dunster the monks and the 
parishioners divided the Church between them ; the monastic quire being situated 
east of the tower.* In the people's portion of the building, the visitors' 
attention was called to the beautiful screen, the carving of which was much 
admired. Another screen formerly stood under the eastern arch of the tower, 



* As the result of a dispute in 149^, the space within the tower and two 
transepts was adjudged to be neutral ground. The people's Altar was placed 
under the western tower arch, where it remained until the last century, when 
as Freeman observes in speaking of Dunster" < restoration ' had its usual effect 
of wiping out history." A portion of the old monks' screen may now be seen, 
utilised as a parclose in the south choir aisle. [Ed.] 



TAUNTON AND DUXSTER. 



Ixix. 



fencing off the Monks' Church. The Church has a fine timber roof, and some 
interesting fragments of old glass remain in the Lady Chapel ; several windows 
are filled with good modern glass, chiefly by Clayton and Bell. 

Canon Langford led the way into the old-world vicarage 
garden, and invited the Members to admire the view from this 
favourable standpoint and to see the ancient pigeon-house, 
which contains still, as is the case at Athelhampton, the original 
revolving ladder. 

At a short Business Meeting held at Dunster one candidate 
was duly elected a Member of the Club. After luncheon at the 
Luttrell Arms the party took train at 2.36 on the return journey, 
well satisfied with the successful two days' meeting. 



Ixx. ST. .ELDHELM'S HEAD. 

LAST SUMMER MEETING. 
ST. ^LDHELM'S HEAD. 

THE SEASON'S EXCURSIONS were brought to a close by a visit 
to the district contiguous to St. jEldhelm's Head on Thursday, 
September 1 6th. The weather was all that could be desired, and 
over 80 Members were in attendance, including Lord Eustace 
Cecil, the Lord- Lieutenant, Dr. Colley March, the Hon. Editor, 
and the Assistant Secretary. 

The party assembled at Corfe railway station at 11.20 and 
drove to Lynch, whence a short walk brought them to Scoles, an 
interesting example of the small i yth century manor house. 

The oldest and most interesting part of the buildings is an 
outhouse at the back, forming one side of the dairy yard. On 
the yard side is a very substantial buttress with two set-offs and 
an elegant window, now walled up, of two lancet-headed lights, 
with a hood-mould following the curves of the heads of the 
lights. This window appears to be i3th or early 14-th 
century in date ; and the fact that the building orientates 
strengthens the likelihood that Hutchins is right in suggesting 
that this was formerly the chapel. It had in his time, about 
1780, been turned into a barn, and as such it is still used. 

Lord EUSTACE CECIL expressed the Club's regret at the 
absence of the President and his own pleasure at being able to 
meet the Club once more, if only for a short time, and to find 
that it was in so flourishing a condition and maintaining its 
former prestige. He then called upon Mr. Le Jeune. 

Mr. LE JEUNE said that his attention was first called to the problematical old 
building by Mr. Best, formerly postmaster at Wareham. After inviting 
admiration of the quiet, simple beauty of the blocked-up window, mutely 
eloquent of a past usage different from and superior to the present, he called 
attention especially to the puzzling recesses in the west gable end of the building, 
six of them on the ground level and two constructed in the thickness of the wall 
a few feet above. (All were evidently constructed designedly when the wall was 
built, for there is a relieving or discharging arch built over each recess, though in 
such a way that here and there the arches do not relieve or discharge the 




CJU 



OQ 



ST. .^LDHELM'S HEAD. Ixxi. 

superincumbent weight of the stonework, but let it press, partially at any rate, 
upon the stone lintels of the recesses.) These recesses, continued Mr. Le Jeune, 
led him to suggest a few years ago that this small building was a lazar-house, or 
leper hospital, and that the recesses were intended for the reception of the 
charitable gifts of the inhabitants of the neighbourhood the two upper ones foi 
the reception of food, which would there be out of the reach of dogs or other 
marauding animals, and the six lower ones for the reception of fuel, garments, 
and other things not likely to be touched by animals. When the charitable had 
brought their gifts and deposited them in the recesses they withdrew, and there- 
upon the lepers, who were forbidden to associate with the healthy for fear of 
communicating the contagion, came out and took the welcome goods. 

Mr. Le Jeune added a few words about the probable derivation of the word 
" Scoles." As part originally of the Manor of Kingston, which belonged to the 
Abbey of Shaftesbury, it is said to have been granted by tie Abbess to the 
Scoville family, in which case "Scoles" would most likely be a contraction of 
" Scovilles." But Mr. Le Jeune now suggested a new idea. In Scotland the 
word " scowl " denotes a hut, and he suggested that the lepers may have lived in 
huts, and that thus the name came to be applied to the place. 

The Eev. R. Grosvenor Bartelot, Vicar of Fordington St. George, who while 
Curate of Corfe Castle was a diligent student of the antiquities of the neighbour- 
hood, had promised to give some particulars about Robert Dackombe, of Scowles, 
by whom the present house is generally supposed to have been built. He was 
unable to be present owing to having to conduct a funeral, but had sent the 
following short paper, which was read : 

"I fear that I must use this opportunity to rebut strongly two of the oft- 
reiterated inexactitudes of which Robert Dackombe, of Scoles, has been the 
subject. I am indebted to Mr. J. Dacombe, of Bournemouth, for valuable notes 
on the family. First, I am certain that he was not the builder of this miniature 
Jacobean mansion, as has been so often stated. Secondly, I am convinced that 
not only did he not die in the year 1651, as is stated in Hutchins, the Purbeck 
Society's papers, and elsewhere, but that he was alive at least a dozen years later, 
and did not die till after the Restoration of Charles II. Let me then describe 
Robert Dackombe, so far as I have been able to unearth anything about him, as 
having been one of those ' son and heirs ' of a distinguished father, who live and 
die without leaving any mark on the generation in which they live. He certainly 
lived through a stirring historic period. From his windows here he must have 
seen the sieges of Corfe Castle and heard the cannons roar. But while his 
brother Bruen Dackombe, of Corfe Manor House, lived the life of a roystering 
Cavalier, paying dearly for his loyalty by donations and fines, which almost 
ruined the ancestral estates, Robert lived here in his homely bower, looked after 
the farming of his little estate, superintended the brewing of his nut-brown ale, 
and saw to the racking of his ' blue vinney ' cheese. He cared nothing for 
politics. He might easily have asserted his hereditary right to represent this 
pocket borough in Parliament, or have occupied the mayoral chair, as his father 



Ixxii. ST. ^LDHELM'S HEAD. 

and maternal grandfather had done before him. But he does not seem even to 
have stood for churchwarden, sidesman, or overseer. I have no doubt that the 
Chancery suit of May 21st, 1683, describes him correctly when it says : ' Robert's 
father had directed him, in default of any issue of his own, to leave Scoles to his 
brother Bruen ; but Robert, being a weake man, was prevailed upon to make 
some conveyance of the lands to his sister Mary, who had married Thomas 
Morton, gent.' "Who then was the builder of this early Jacobean house which 
to-day commands our attention ': The answer is that Robert's father was its 
projector. Edward Dackombe, Esq., was indeed a man of action and resource. 
A diligent and popular magistrate, a member for Corfe Castle in nearly all the 
Parliaments of the first two Stuart Sovereigns, Mayor of his native borough at 
least four times, this Purbeck worthy deserves to be credited with the authorship 
of this really fine piece of domestic architecture. In 1628 died Thomas Bondfield, 
'marbler,' of Corfe Castle. Some time before that date Edward Dackombe 
purchased from Bondfield the quarry ' next to his farm of Scoles.' I have no 
doubt that a little investigation by the geologists of this Club will determine the 
locality from which the ashlar with which Scoles House was built was quarried. 
I feel sure that Edward Dackombe, as a practical man, wished to save himself the 
expenses of lengthy hill haulage and vexatious royalties, so he purchased the 
nearest quarry to the spot he had chosen for his house. The quarry he specially 
mentions in his will dated November 23rd, 1635, bequeathing it to his son 
Robert. I do not say that Edward did not build Scoles purposely for his son 
Robert to live in. That this was the case is strengthened by the fact that on 
October 4th, 1631, the latter was married at Turnworth to Barbara, daughter of 
George Twynihoe, Esq. May we not picture him then as a handsome bridegroom 
of 23 summers transporting his happy bride on a pillion behind him, clinging to 
his belt buckle as he rides up the shady avenue and lifts her across the threshold 
of this their future home, still fresh and white from the hammers and chisels of 
the Purbeck marbler masons." 

Mr. Bartelot had added to his paper the full inventory, dated May 12th, 1G63, 
"taken of all the goods and chatties, moveable and unmoveable, of the late 
deceased Robert Dackombe, Gent., of Scoles, m the parishe of Corfe Castle," in 
the hall, the hell-chamber, the parlor chamber, and the buttery chamber. Space 
will admit of our mentioning only a few of the articles of furniture, to wit : In 
the hall, "one table board and frame and forme, one livery cupbord with a 
cushion and cubercloth, 1 ; one pair of andires, a pair of iron dogges, and a pot 
hungrell, 8s. ; one muskett furnished and a pocket pistoll, 1. In the parlor 
chamber were, among other things, one standing bedsteed, a trucklebedsteed, 
curtaynes, and valens, 2 5s. " That Robert was not a teetotaler we gather from 
the fact that in the buttery chamber were "five beere barrells and a tunning 
dish." That he was a devout man is equally to be inferred from the presence in 
the hell chamber of " three Bibles and one common praier booke," besides 13 old 
books (whether of theology or not is not said), the lot valued at a pound sterling. 
The total value of all the "goods and chatties " was 35 15s. Id. 



ST. ALDHELM'S HEAD. Ixxiii. 

BLASHENWELL AND ITS " FINDS." 

It had been intended also to visit Blashenwell, which lies in 
the fields on the right side of the road as one goes from Corfe to 
Kingston ; but time did not admit of this. Hutchins gives the 
derivation of the name as from the Anglo-Saxon " Blek," a space 
or interruption, the spring which now rises close to the house, 
flowing only during very wet seasons, like the Winterbournes and 
others near Chalk hills. It was in the tufa deposited by this 
stream in times long gone by that Mr. Clement Reid, when 
surveying this part about 15 years ago, found a skeleton in a 
stone-lined grave, which he said was Neolithic. Mr. Le Jeune 
recently gave Captain Acland, for the Dorset County Museum, a 
photo of what remains of the grave. Almost adjoining the grave 
there is a kistvaen, from which the skull was taken in January 
last year, and which was eventually buried in the churchyard. 
Mr. Bulfin and Mr. Moullin took some photos of it, which are 
now in the Museum. The kist-vaen is still in situ, and there are 
evidences of others close by. Mr. Le Jeune exhibited photos of 
the interment and stones. 

KINGSTON AND ITS CHURCHES. 

On climbing the steep hill into Kingston, the party repaired 
first to the handsome and costly new church built by Lord 
Eldon, and were here received courteously by the Vicar (the 
Rev. S. C. Spencer Smith). When the visitors were seated in the 
church 

The Rev. S. C. SPENCER SMITH gave a short account of the two churches. He 
said t v at the first Lord Eldon, the great Chancellor, bought the property there 
from Mr. Wm. Morton Pitt, and then built the old parish church of St. James. 
The architect was George Stanley Repton, who, he believed, made a runaway 
marriage with Lady Elizabeth Scott, daughter of the first Lord Eldon, just as he 
before had run away with his bride, Miss Elizabeth Surtees. The church was 
built on the site of an ancient chapel, which was said to have possessed no 
features of interest. The voussoirs of a Norman arch, incised with shallow ens- 
cross oruameutatiou, are now to be seen built into the outer west wall of the old 



IXXIV. ST. JELDHELM'S HEAD. 

parish church, aud these probably represent all that remains of the previous 
chapel. The oldest inhabitants of the viUage 30 years ago told him that there 
was a staircase outside that old chapel which led to a west gallery for the 
accommodation of a church baud, and the baud performed for a time after the 
new church had been built on the spot. The band was superseded by a barrel or 
grind organ. When he came into the Isle of Purbeck 30 years ago there were 
five barrel organs in Purbeck ; and when a person wrote to the Guardian asking 
if any were still in existence in England, he was able to say that there were five 
in Purbeck alone at Kingston, Steeple, Tyneham, Creech Grange, and Bushey 
(a little place not far from Corfe Castle). At the foot of the mural tablet to the 
first Lord Eldon was a fine medallion profile by Chantrey of the great Chancellor. 
The new church, opened about 30 years ago, was built by Lord Eldon from the 
designs of George Edmund Street, and is a most beautiful and costly example of 
that great architect's work and favourite style. All the stone and marble came 
from close by, except the steps at the altar rails, which were of Dublin marble, 
which was also composed of shells. The bed of Purbeck marble ran all down 
this valley, from Swanage to Tyneham. All the Purbeck marble in England, 
wherever one saw it in the Temple Church and most of the cathedrals came 
from this valley. In geologic time it was an estuary of the sea ; the shells of 
which the marble was composed were deposited and eventually pressed into 
marble. The outside staircase turret, which was introduced by Mr. Street at 
Lord Eldon's request, was a copy of that at Christchurch Prioiy. All the glass 
windows were put in by Messrs. Clayton and Bell. Mr. Street was very 
particular about the windows. The best artists were employed, and therefore 
the drawing was good and the colouring fine. The figures in the south aisle were 
all Christian saints and in the north aisle Old Testament saints. The organ, by 
Young aud Oldknow, was very flue, although it became rather easily affected by 
damp. There was also in the tower a very fine peal of eight bells, by Taylor, of 
Loughborough, the tenor weighing about SOcwt., and their ringing, for a village, 
was good. 

The ACTING PRESIDENT having expressed the hearty thanks of 
the Club to the Vicar, the party made an inspection of the 
church and then walked on to the old church, at which a few 
glances sufficed. The Norman arch is the most interesting 
thing here, and the most beautiful the exquisite medallion by 
Chantrey if we except the extensive and glorious view from a 
particular point in the churchyard, close to the burial vault of the 
Eldon family. The frowning towers of Corfe Castle, flanked by 
swelling hills, form the central feature, framed in an expanse of 
brown heath, fringes of shaggy wood, and stretches of the 
shimmering water of Poole Harbour. 



ST. JELDHELM'S HEAD. Ixxv. 

WORTH MATRAVERS CHURCH. 

Re-entering their carriages, the party drove to Afflington Barn 
and then turned off to the old-world, out-of-the-way village of 
Worth Matravers. At the church 

The VICAR (the Rev J. Edwardes) gave the visitors a warm 
welcome and made a short statement about the church. 

Standing in an isolated district, it was almost unique and one of the oldest 
churches in England, supposed to have been built late in the 7th century by St. 
Aldhelm himself. He pointed to the door in the south wall of the nave with a 
pointed arch of the " two flagstone " type, generally thought to be the original 
Saxon door. (We should like to call attention to the great age of the arch. One 
of the stones on the outside is much weathered the most weathered stone in the 
church.) This doorway was supposed to give access to a side chapel, with which 
a hagioscope also communicated. The chapel was pulled down in 1741. He 
called attention to the Norman arch of the south entrance, with a tympanum, 
the carving of which is said to have been mutilated at the time of the Civil War, 
so that it is impossible now to make out the subject, although a figure, 
apparently of au angel with outstretched arms, is to be discerned on either side. 
The fine Norman arch of three orders is a notable feature of the church. The 
chancel window is Decorated and the small lancet windows 13th century. In 
the middle of the loth century the ancient font was sophisticated with Perpen- 
dicular work. As for the Communion plate, there was a chalice, with a cover, 
dated 1574. 

The ASSISTANT SECRETARY supplemented the Vicar's observa- 
tions by observing that to his mind the great fascination of 
Worth Church lay, not so much in the antiquity and beauty of 
the building, great though they were, as in its association with 
one of those venerable traditions so precious to Church people. 

William of Malmesbury recorded that when St. Aldhelm was still Abbot of 
Malmesbury, before he had been appointed by King Ina to the see of Sherborne, 
he came into this district with the intention of crossing over to the Continent to 
visit the Pope and, while waiting for a favourable wind (aiiram fdicein) built a 
church (fecit ecdcniain), in which, while his companions were occupied with the 
necessary preparations, he might commend to God his journey and return. In 
the historian's time, the early part of the l'2th century, that church was said to 
be a roofless ruin, with miraculous properties, since, however wet the weather, 
no rain ever fell within it, and the shepherds of the district there used to drive 
and fold their sheep! Each of four sacred buildings in Purbeck had been 



Ixxvi. ST. ^ELDHELM'S HEAD. 

claimed as St. Aklhelm's foundation ; but probably Worth had the best claim, 
approximating nearest to the description " two miles from the sea." He called 
attention to a number of curious architectural features and also to certain 
resemblances between this church and that of Studland, both dedicated to St. 
Nicholas of Myra, the patron saint of fishermen, and each being now mainly of 
Norman work. 

Outside the church the Club observed the numerous stone 
corbels under the eaves curiously and sometimes grotesquely 
carved, as at Studland, and they were also amused by the tomb- 
stone of Benjamin Jesty, of Downshay, the pioneer of vaccination, 
who " was the first to introduce the cowpox by inoculation and, 
from his great strength of mind, made the experiment upon his 
wife and two sons ! " 



ST. ALDHELM'S CHAPEL. 

When the ACTING PRESIDENT had expressed the thanks of the 
Club to the Vicar, the drive was resumed. 

Alighting at Renscombe Farm, the visitors proceeded to St. 
yEldhelm's Head and entered the Norman building known as the 
chapel. 

The ASSISTANT SECRETAKY, speaking at the Vicar's request, reminded the party 
of the various legends purporting to account for the building of the chapel. The 
present building, dating from about the middle of the 12th century, was square 
on plan, with a stone roof of rib and panel vaulting, the ribs springing from one 
stout pier in the centre. Both the shape of the building and the fact that the 
orientation was not, as in the case of Christian churches generally, east and west, 
had led some to assert that it was not built originally for a sacred purpose, but 
rather as a primitive lighthouse or beaconhouse to warn mariners off that 
dangerous head. The presence of a cross surmounting the roof should not 
mislead them, since that cross was put up in 1873, when, the place having long 
ceased to be used for worship and having fallen into disrepair, and been used in 
turn as a storehouse and a stable, it was restored by Lord Eldon. The circular 
projection on top of the roof, now occupied by the cross, is said to have been 
originally used for the support of a beacon. But over against this affirmation of 
a secular purpose should be put evidence of the use of the building as a chapel 
centuries ago. In "The Deserted Village " the curate was "passing rich on forty 
pounds a year"; but that record was beaten by the chaplain of St. Aldhelm's 
Chapel, who was "passing rich" on fifty shillings a year. According to the 
Pipe Rolls this chapel and also that of St. Mary iii the Castle of Corfe were 




x 
U 



ST. ^LDHELM'S HEAD. Ixxvii. 

served by two Royal chaplains, who received their stipends direct from the 
Crown, the High Sheriff being the paymaster. The entrance door, of two orders 
and a hood mould, and also the one small deeply -splayed window, were 
interesting and beautiful features. There was a superstition that, if one stuck a 
pin in the central pillar and wished a wish, that wish would be fulfilled. 

THE GEOLOGY OF THE DISTRICT. 

Leaving the chapel, the Club assembled at a convenient spot 
on the edge of the beetling cliff, from which a fine panoramic 
view of the coastline could be obtained, reaching away to 
Portland Bill " serried ranks of cliffs and headlands," as Mr. 
C. G. Harper says, " notched and crannied with bays and coves." 

Dr. W. T. ORD, the well-known Bournemouth geologist, here 
gave a short address on the geology of the district traversed by 
the Club that day. His remarks were elucidated and enforced 
by the exhibition of a large coloured sectional map. 

He began by recalling the fact that 17 years ago on September 7th, 1892 the 
Dorset Field Club last held a meeting in that district, and that on that occasion 
their late lamented President, Mr. J. C. Mansel-Pleydell, who gave an account 
of the geology of the district, was accompanied by the late Mr. W. H. 
Hudleston, then President of the Geological Society. It was with some diffidence 
that he followed two such geological giants, and he could not begin without 
honourable mention of the names of these great men now gone to their rest. 
When in the train going from Wareham to Corfe they were passing over the 
Lower Bagshot Beds of the Eocene Age, the beds which formed the great part of 
all the heath land of Dorsetshire and the greater part of Bournemouth Bay. 
Wherever they saw this peculiar vegetation of heather, gorse, pine trees, and 
rhododendrons, which they got in this part of the country, and also in the north 
of Hampshire and at Woking, they knew that they were on the Bagshot Beds. 
The reason for this peculiar vegetation was that the beds were free from lime. 
As they approached Corfe Castle they passed over an ai - ea of London Clay and a 
short section of the Woolwich and Reading Beds. When they got to Corfe 
Castle and looked out of the train they saw a total change in the appearance of 
the district. Hills with rounded tops and covered with turf showed them that 
they were on the chalk, and they saw the chalk here and there, discoloured 
by weathering. Corfe Castle was built on the top of a portion of an anticlinal 
of chalk, the strata of which were tilted nearly up on end. When the Club 
began their drive, almost before they left the town of Corfe, they passed 
over a small section of the Lower and Upper Greeiisaiid and Gault, tilted 
up on eud in the same extraordinary way. Xext they came to the Wealden 



Ixxviii. 



ST. JELDHELM'S HEAD. 







tfl 




formation. They recognised that because the tops 
of these beds, being of very soft Weald clay, were 
easily denuded by the weather, which in the course 
of ages cut it in a sort of trough, lying between 
Corfe Castle on the north and these southern 
Purbeck hills on which they were standing now. 
On top of the Wealden Beds was the interesting 
deposit of tufa at Blashenwell, which unfortunately 
they had not time to visit that day. Next to the 
Wealden they came to the most interesting beds in 
that part of the country, especially associated with 
their excursion that day the Purbeck Beds, so 
named from the Isle of 1'urbeck, in which they 
were developed to a greater extent than in any 
other part of England. Of the stone from these 
Purbeck Beds they had interesting specimens in the 
churches which they had visited, notably the 
columns of Purbeck shell-marble. These Purbeck 
Beds were first seen between Peverel Point and 
Durlston Head, where there was the finest exposure 
of the Purbeck Beds in the world, of great value on 
account of the limestone which they produced, and 
of still greater interest to geologists, because in 
them had been found remains of the earliest 
mammals tiny little mammals about the size of 
rats. They were now standing 011 St. Aldhelm's 
Head on a thin cap of the Lower Purbeck Beds, 
which were at one time continuous, stretching 
right over the head and away to sea for miles and 
miles. And no doubt, if they could follow those 
beds, they would find them lying beneath the 
waters of the English Channel. The Purbeck cap 
lay upon the Portland stone, which was also of 
great commercial value as well as of geological 
interest. The Portland stone lay upon a similar 
thickness of Portland sand, and that again upon the 
Kimmeridge clay soft black tenacious clay which 
was of no value commercially, although it ought to 
be of great value, because in certain parts it was 
saturated with animal oils derived from the remains 
of saurians, which existed in countless myriads when 
these strata were being laid down at the bottom 
of the sea. Consequently it made excellent manure. 
Again, before American petroleum was introduced, 



ST. .TLDHELM'S HEAD. ixxix. 

it was also used for lighting purposes ; but, unfortunately, the smell of the oil was 
so offensive that the use of it was given up. And, until some chemist was clever 
enough to discover some way of deodorising it, it would remain useless. Thus this 
great headland was built up of these three strata Kimmeridge clay, Portland 
sand, and Portland stone to a height of 354 feet. They saw that from the top of 
the cliff the Portland stone broke away in great solid masses and fell down to the 
bottom of the cliff, which was protected from the assaults of the sea by a huge 
landslip and a mass of debris. This fall of rock was caused by the waves 
washing away the soft Kimmeridge clay at the base of the cliff, and thus 
undermining the foundations of the harder rocks, which had consequently fallen 
down and formed this wild picturesque undercliff. A little further to the north 
was Emmets Hill, 400 feet high. The highest point of the coast was Swyre 
Head, 554 feet high, surmounted by two humps, one of which was a tumulus. 
How, Dr. Ord went on to ask, pointing to this sectional map (the section almost 
due north and south), did the strata become inclined and forced up in this 
remarkable way, and how had this land upon which they were standing, and 
which was once deposited under the sea, been raised up to the great height that 
they found it at present ? The explanation was due to what geologists called an 
anticlinal, a buckling up of the earth's surface, just as when an orange dries the 
surface of the rind contracts and wrinkled. As the earth cooled down it 
contracted and so formed the hills and valleys. It was the great Brixton 
anticlinal, beginning at Brixton, in the Isle of Wight, and extending 50 miles 
long. It was a hummock-shaped mass which formed the hills of the Isle of 
Wight. When they came to the Needles they found that they had been broken 
away by the action of the sea ; but at one time they were continuous with this 
anticlinal of the Isle of Purbeck, the great chalk ridge of the Purbeck Hills 
which they passed through that day at Corfe the gate cut (as the word " Corfe " 
denoted) by the denuding action of streams in geological times. This anticlinal 
had upheaved not only the chalk, but also all the beds underlying it. These 
hills, on the edge of which they were standing, formed an old watershed dividing 
the northern part of Purbeck from the southern. The sea had cut away the 
southern half of this anticlinal and shown them how enormous were the forces of 
denudation in past ages. The point upon which they were now standing had 
been submerged beneath the sea seven or eight times, and had other strata 
deposited upon it. All our rivers are now cutting away the land and taking the 
material off, possibly to puzzle the antiquaries of future ages. 

The ACTING PRESIDENT expressed the thanks of the Club to 
Dr. Ord for his learned and lucid exposition. (Applause.) He 
took that opportunity of adding that the excavations at Maumbury 
Rings were being continued that week an extra week and that 
Members of the Field Club who were interested in the work 
should visit the Rings and inspect the cavities before they were 



JXXX. St. -ELDtiELM's HEA5. 

filled in. Various curious and interesting features had been 
discovered. As the work had this year been expensive, the Hon. 
Treasurer (Captain J. E. Acland) would be glad to receive 
donations, which might be sent to him at the Dorset County 
Museum. 

From the Head the party then walked back to their carriages 
and returned to Corfe Castle, where they arrived at 4.30 and took 
tea at the Bankes Arms before the departure of the train at 5.8. 







Ixxxi. 







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NELSON M. RICHARDSON, B.A. 

( Read May 4th, 1909.) 




OBITUARY. 



Y'ESTERDAY (May 3rd), seven years ago, our Club 
was thrown into mourning by the loss which it 
sustained in the death of one who had been its 
Father and President for 27 years, and to whom it 
owed, and still owes, more than to any other 
individual. Since then it has lost by death no 
officer or vice-president, though many valuable 
Members. And now I have, with deep regret, to 
record the removal from us of three of our vice- 
residents Mr. Wilfrid H. Hudleston, the great geologist ; Mr. 
Henry Storks Eaton, the great meteorologist ; and Mr. Reginald 
Bosworth Smith, whose literary talents and bird-lore were so well 
known. Mr. Hudleston was a Fellow of the Royal Society and 
a Past-President of the Geological Society, and during the years 
he has resided in Dorset has taken the greatest interest in our 
Club, being always ready to help at our meetings with his 
geological and other knowledge and contributing many valuable 



Ixxxiv. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS, 

papers to our " Proceedings." Everyone will remember his 
hospitality only two years ago in inviting the Club to join in an 
excursion by steamer along the coast, and his untiring energy 
and eloquent discourses on geology on this, as well as on many 
other occasions. When we lose a man like this our feeling is 
that we can never replace him. Mr. Eaton was also one to 
whom we owed much, both on account of his scientific work and 
his generosity. Probably the first meteorologist in the Kingdom 
and a Past-President of the Royal Meteorological Society, he 
devoted his energies for many years chiefly to the study of 
Dorset rainfall, and published the results in our " Proceedings " 
until ill-health compelled him to seek a successor. Mr. 
Bosworth Smith has not been amongst us so long, but has more 
than once delighted us by his chapters from bird-life and bird- 
lore, which he has read to us at our meetings. Accounts of 
these gentlemen will appear separately in our " Proceedings," so 
I will not enter further into all that I might say about them. 
Three other Members and two former Members have also passed 
away from us, all of whom have distinguished themselves in one 
way or another, and will be missed by those who survive them. 
Mr. Arthur Lister, F.R.S., one of that distinguished family of 
scientists to whom the world owes so much in the person of 
Lord Lister, his brother, was well known for his researches on 
the Mycetozoa, low forms of animal life, on which he read a paper 
to our Club, published in Vol. XIII. of our " Proceedings." 
Mr. Charles Hansford was a familiar figure at our meetings, was 
always deeply interested in whatever was under discussion, and 
more than once represented us at the British Association. He 
will be remembered for his kindly disposition and his public- 
spirited liberality to Dorchester, and specially by us for his 
magnificent gift to the Dorset Museum, of which he was a Vice- 
President, of the galleries which enable the contents to be 
properly displayed. Mr. Thomas Steadman Aldis, second 
wrangler and Smith's prizeman in 1866, was one of our scientific 
Members specially interested in geology, and was, I think, only 
prevented by a quiet and retiring disposition from giving us 






PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixxxv. 

more of the results of his studies. The Rev. Richard Paget 
Murray and Mr. Benjamin A. Hogg were both formerly Members 
of the Club, and will be remembered by many amongst us. Mr. 
Murray, the Vicar of Shapwick, near Blandford, was first in the 
First-class in the Natural Science Tripos, 1867. He was an 
excellent botanist, and contributed, amongst others, a paper on 
that most puzzling group, the Rubi, or brambles, on which he was 
an authority, to our " Proceedings " (Vol. XII.) He was also, like 
myself, fond of entomology. Ill-health caused him to have to 
spend much of his time at such places as Teneriffe, where he has 
often described to me the delights and dangers of botanising. 
Mr. Hogg was well known as a collector of antiquities, many of 
his finds being now in the Dorset Museum. He used often to 
attend our meetings. 

ZOOLOGY. 

In the year 1908 was celebrated by the Linnaean Society the 
Darwin-Wallace Jubilee, it being 50 years since the joint papers 
of Darwin and Wallace on the origin of species from natural 
selection were read before the Royal Society, and formed a new 
departure for scientific thought and theory in the realm of 
natural history. Charles Darwin has passed away ; but Alfred 
Russel Wallace was present and gave an account of the scene of 
half a century ago. Beginning with the lowest forms of life, it is 
possible that a new field for investigation may be opened out 
through the discovery of a Trypanosome in the Malpighian 
tubules of a common fly (Drosophila confusd). These minute 
creatures, so destructive in sleeping sickness and many other 
diseases, have hitherto never been found except in the blood of 
a vertebrate animal or the digestive tract of a blood-sucking 
invertebrate, such as a fly or tick. London may congratulate 
itself on the fact that not a single typhoid bacillus has been 
found, though more than 7,000 samples of water taken straight 
from the Thames, Lee, and New River have been examined in 
the course of twelve months. War has been successfully 
waged in Cuba against the mosquito (Stegomyia], which conveys 



Ixxxvi. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 

yellow fever, with a very marked decrease in that terrible 
scourge. The address of the President of the Zoological 
Section of the British Association dealt with the Polyzoa, a group 
of small, but not microscopic, aquatic animals living in colonies 
in cells something like coral, and often found covering stones, 
&c., below high water mark. He especially considers their 
avicularia, which are beak-like organs of varied form, used, he 
believes, for purposes of defence of the colony. Though 
discoveries of new species in any group in this country are 
necessarily rare, yet in less worked parts there is still much 
remaining unknown, as in the case of 107 species of Annelid 
worms from the West Coast of North America, where 47 were 
new to science. Experiments in Iceland waters show that plaice 
travel along the coasts direct to the warmer Atlantic waters towards 
the S.W., where they spawn in winter and spring, the eggs and 
fry being carried by easterly currents in spring and summer to 
the west, north, and east coasts successively. Immature cod did 
not migrate, but remained stationary for one or two years. A 
large number of very small Barbadoes fresh water fish called 
" Millions " (Girardinus poecilloides) have been given to the 
Zoological Gardens. They are believed to prevent malaria by 
destroying gnat larvae, and are to be tried in other countries. A 
valuable contribution to the knowledge of the useful and harmful 
qualities of birds has been published by the Board of Agriculture, 
being founded on the observations of the contents of the 
stomachs of a large number of birds of different species, thus 
avoiding the speculation which generally forms the greater part 
of the foundation for such opinions and giving reliable data. 
The majority are shown to be useful, the damage done being 
slight compared to the destruction of noxious insects and weeds, 
whilst there are a very few for which their beauty or their song is 
their only recommendation. An interesting note on 24 out of 
300 chickens killed by crows shows that a far larger proportion 
of the self-coloured than of the pencilled ones suffered, probably 
owing to the protective quality of the markings. A specimen of 
Eversmann's Warbler (Phylloscoptu borcalis], a species new to 



PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixxxvii. 

Britain, was captured on Fair Isle last September. It is 
migratory, and found in North Russia and Siberia in summer 
and in Burmah and China in winter. Investigation of the eye of 
the golden moles of South Africa has shown that it is sunk into 
the dermis or true skin and surrounded by hair roots, its muscles 
have disappeared, and it is very degenerate and probably 
incapable of even appreciating light. They appear to be even 
worse off in this respect than our English species. It is to be 
regretted that much destruction of seals in North European seas 
is carried on, in consequence of the damage done by them to 
the salmon and cod fisheries ; an interesting international report 
has lately been published on this and other fishery matters. 
The Zoological Gardens has been enriched by a number of 
Australian and New Zealand animals specially collected and 
brought over last June, which will make its collection of the 
larger fauna of those countries the finest in Europe. New 
Zealand continues to reserve large areas for the preservation of 
the fauna and flora in a wild state, and has now about 134,000 
acres devoted to this purpose. Australia is also taking some 
steps with a view to protecting its birds from wholesale destruc- 
tion for ornamental purposes. 

BOTANY. 

From the fact that the President of the British Association in 
1908 was a distinguished botanist, Mr. Francis Darwin, one 
might hope for much to record in that branch of science during 
the year, but I have but few notes beyond his address, which was 
on "The Power of Movement in Plants," and had for its text the 
words of his father " It is impossible not to be struck with the 
resemblance between the foregoing movements of plants and 
many of the actions performed unconsciously by the lower 
animals." The grounds on which he bases the probable 
existence of the faint powers of memory and consciousness in 
plants I cannot enter upon here, but would refer those who may 
be interested to the learned and elaborate reasoning contained 



Ixxxviii. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 

in the address, which is easily accessible. I may remind our 
Members that, as one of its corresponding societies, we receive 
annually a copy of the British Association report in return for 
our " Proceedings." Experiments show that comparatively few 
seeds outside those of leguminous plants retain their vitality for a 
long period, those allied to mallows and myrtles being the 
principal. The long-lived ones are mostly encased in a hard, 
impermeable coat, which may be softened by steeping in 
sulphuric acid for a few hours to obtain quick germination. I 
do not know whether these experiments considered the deep 
burial of seeds in the ground, which appears sometimes to keep 
them alive for long periods. The wild progenitor of our 
potatoes was quite unknown, and has only lately been discovered 
after many years' experiments by Mr. Sutton in the species 
named Solanum etuberosum, from which, at last, potatoes indis- 
tinguishable from the ordinary cultivated form have been 
developed. Whilst on this subject I should like to correct a 
statement set forth by high authority that the first figure of our 
potato was published by a Frenchman, Clusius or L'ecluse, in 
1602. I have lately become the possessor of a copy of the first 
edition of Gerard's Herbal, dated 1597, which contains an 
excellent figure of this plant under the name of " Potatoes of 
Virginia," which, he states, he has growing well in his garden 
(in Holbourne), and, as I am not aware of an earlier figure, we 
may claim that honour for an Englishman. At Woburn and 
other places experiments have been made in regard to the best 
method of planting trees, and it has been found that, contrary- to 
our preconceived ideas, the most successful plan is to make a 
small hole just large enough to take in the roots gathered up 
together, throw some earth in, and ram it down as hard as 
possible. I hope to try the effect of this process, which is much 
less trouble than the usual one followed by careful gardeners. A 
difficulty in the introduction of foreign strains of the cotton plant 
into India is caused by the cotton moth (Sylepta deroga/a), which 
attacks them most destructively, while the Indian varieties, 
strange to say, are comparatively uninjured. 






PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixxxix* 

GEOLOGY. 

The meeting of the British Association being held in Dublin, 
Irish geology played a prominent part in the programme, and 
various districts were dealt with. The results of the exploration 
of the cave of Castlepook, near Doneraile, tend to show that the 
cave is of pre-glacial age, and that Ireland and England have 
not been joined together in glacial or post-glacial times. It has 
been attempted by many different methods to reckon the lengths 
of geological periods, but, though very positive statements are 
sometimes made, it would seem that the question is still very far 
from being solved. The Falls of Niagara have been used by 
various observers for this purpose, the last estimate of their age 
being calculated at 39,000 years, of the accuracy of which 
amount the observer seems very confident. Nevertheless, the 
first estimate, made in 1835 by Lyell, was 35,000 years, and 
more modern observers have put the amount as low as 7,000, or 
possibly considerably less. These immense discrepancies 
illustrate the extreme unreliability of such calculations. At 
the same time the actual history of the Falls, as worked out from 
a study of their surroundings, is very interesting. One of the 
most disastrous European earthquakes of recent times took place 
on December 28th last, completely destroying Messina and other 
neighbouring places and causing immense loss of life. It was 
followed by a great sea wave, which did further damage, and 
the levels of the ground in parts have been altered both by 
subsidence and the contrary. An earthquake of probably equal 
violence took place in Persia on January 23rd, affecting fifty 
villages and causing the loss of many lives, but, fortunately, no 
large town like Messina existed in the area of its greatest 
violence. At home, in Dorset, the chief phenomenon which can 
be placed under the present heading is the landslip which took 
place on June xoth last about half-a-mile east of Lyme Regis in 
the vicinity of the burning cliff, which first manifested itself in 
January, 1908, and which I alluded to in my last address. This 
subject has been ably treated in a paper by our Hon. Member, 



fcc. PRESIDENT S ADDRESS. 

Mr. A. Jukes-Browne, which appears in our last volume of 
" Proceedings." An investigation of the extraordinary crater at 
Canyon Diablo, in Arizona, was lately made, which tends to 
show that it was not caused by a volcano, all the observed 
phenomena being of a superficial nature. The rocks to a depth 
of 800 feet have been shattered, and indicate the presence of 
great heat. At the same time no trace has been found of the 
gigantic meteorite which is supposed by its fall to have caused 
the crater, but it is thought that it may have been dissipated by 
the intense heat caused by the blow. The price of tin is much 
higher than formerly, and it is, therefore, satisfactory that the 
output of this useful metal in West Africa promises to be 
considerable. To German East Africa a German expedition is 
to be sent to investigate further the huge animal remains recently 
found there in considerable numbers, resembling the finds in 
North America. All the bones hitherto brought back belong to 
a large herbivorous Dinosaur, nearly 50 feet in length, but no 
skull has yet been found. The animal is something like the 
Diplodocus, the huge saurian of whose skeleton there is a cast in 
the Natural History Museum, and has been named Giganlosaunts. 
The ends of the bones frequently appear above the soil, and 
many lie in their natural positions with regard to each other. 
The attitude of the Diplodoct/s as represented in the Natural 
History Museum has been questioned, and it is suggested that it 
may have crawled and swum like a crocodile and fed upon 
water plants. An interesting note on the size of the mammoth 
mentions three species, with heights as follows \-Elephas 
primigenius, the commonest, found in North America, Siberia, 
and Europe, height about pft. 6in. ; E. Colombi, uft. ; and 
E. itnperafor, i3ft. 6in., the tallest of any known species of 
elephant. These two last are from America. The average 
height of the living Indian elephant is about pft., though it 
sometimes reaches considerably more. The American mastodon 
was about the same height. The greater part of the skeleton of 
a mammoth was lately found in Sussex below high-water mark in 
a bed of black clay, from which the shingle had been swept by 



PRESIDENT S ADDRESS. XC1. 

gales. Complete skeletons are rare, though small portions of 
them are much more often met with. 

ASTRONOMY. 

The astronomical subject which has come most prominently 
forward in the past twelve months is, doubtless, the comet 
discovered by Professor Morehouse on September ist, and this 
not on account of its brightness, for, though it has been stated 
to be visible to the naked eye, I think that most people 
have only seen it through a telescope. The chief feature 
has been the extraordinary character of its tail, which 
varied perpetually in shape, and was sometimes marked by 
a series of bright nebulous masses travelling along its length 
away from the nucleus ; sometimes it was undulating in shape 
and generally consisted of several streamers, either straight or 
occasionally curved. These appearances were much less obvious 
to the eye than in photographs, one of which shows a tail 
27,000,000 miles in length. Most of the lines in the spectrum 
of this comet belong to a gas, which presents a system of bands 
not identified with any known spectrum. On February 22nd, at 
7.30 p.m., a meteor of exceptional brightness was seen all over 
the south of England, the most extraordinary feature being the 
trail which it left in the sky, which took the form of an irregular 
band of light moving slowly and altering in shape and forming a 
most striking object across the heavens. This band did not 
entirely fade away for about two hours, and was certainly quite 
bright for more than half-an-hour after the meteor had fallen. It 
then, as I saw it, stretched from near the constellation Perseus, 
through Gemini to near Pleiades, where it curved round and 
.came straight below Orion to Sirius. It gradually drifted north- 
ward. I, unfortunately, did not see the meteor itself. The 
latest theory of sunspots is that they are fields of magnetic force, 
but little appears to be really known about them. The expedition 
from the Lick Observatory to Flint Island to observe the 
eclipse of January 3rd, 1908, amongst other investigations, took 



xcii. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 

photographs during totality with a view to finding an intra- 
Mercurial planet. Three hundred star images down to the ninth 
magnitude were recorded, but were all identified with known stars, 
so that it is considered proved that if any such planet exists it is 
far too small to account for the perturbations observed in Mer- 
cury, which must, therefore, be due to some other cause. Four 
hundred and thirty-six canals and 186 oases are now known on 
Mars, the canals varying in width from three to twenty miles and 
in length from 250 miles to 3,450 miles, so that if they are really 
of an artificial nature they represent an enormous amount of 
work, and suggest that the dwellers in Mars are either very 
numerous or very large, or have forces at their disposal at present 
unknown to us. It has not been possible yet to determine 
exactly the orbit of the eighth satellite of Jupiter discovered last 
year, but it has probably a retrograde motion, a period of two 
years, and an inclination of 31 degrees to the ecliptic. An 
almost incredible delicacy of instruments is involved in the 
measurement of the temperature of stars, that of Arcturus being 
equal to the heat of a candle at the distance of six miles if there 
were no absorption by the atmosphere, and of Vega half the 
amount. These measurements were carried out at the Yerkes 
Observatory. 

METEOROLOGY. 

Meteorologists and others will be interested in a lecture on 
" The Dawn of Meteorology," delivered before the Royal 
Meteorological Society and published in their quarterly journal, 
which shows from what early times the subject was studied, more 
often in connection with omens and signs than in the matter-of- 
fact methods of the present day. However, in the first century, 
A.D., observations on rainfall were made in Palestine, which are 
still preserved, and from which we find that the amount of 
rainfall considered necessary for a good crop was much the same 
as at the present day, and that the climate is, therefore, probably 
much the same as it was 1,900 years ago. The Commonwealth 
Bureau of Meteorology of Australia has just issued its first 



PRESIDENT S ADDRESS. XC111. 

bulletin with valuable information about the climate. But much 
seems to have been known before about the rainfall, as it has 
been calculated that 22 sheep can in Australia be grazed per 
square mile for every inch of rain above nine inches, together 
with other similar deductions about wheat, &c. Perhaps I ought 
not to quote here the address of the President of the Anthropo- 
logical section of the British Association, but it deals very fully 
with the effect of climate on the races of man and animals, 
especially horses, and is to my mind one of the most suggestive 
and instructive lectures in that section that I have met with. 
The temperatures of the year 1908 seem to have been about 
average ones, that at the beginning of October, however, going 
up to 80 degrees in parts of the Midlands. The rainfall was 
somewhat deficient, and for 32 days at Chickerell, between 
July iyth and August i9th, there was absolutely no rain, 
except a few drops on July 2 1 st. Under the new regulations 
these would, I believe, be neither counted nor entered, so that 
statements of this sort from most stations would be untrust- 
worthy. The investigation of the upper atmosphere continues, 
and on certain days appointed by an International Committee 
balloons and kites are sent up from about 30 stations in different 
parts of the world. A German expedition sent to Central Africa 
has made many valuable experiments with balloons and kites, 
chiefly from Lake Nyanza. The highest point registered was 
65,000 feet with a temperature of minus 119 degrees Fah., which 
is lower than has ever been recorded at this or a greater height 
over Europe. Experiments have been made to determine the 
wind pressure upon various sized plates of wind travelling at 
different speeds, which show that the rate of pressure on plates 
increases with their size up to 10 square feet ; thus the pressure 
on two plates of 5 square feet each would be less than on one of 
i o square feet, but for larger surfaces the pressure is in propor- 
tion to the surface. Attempts have been lately made in New- 
Zealand, in accordance with a common belief, to induce rain by 
firing heavy charges in guns ; but, so far as could be judged, the 
explosions had no effect. Brilliant sky glows of different colours 



xciv. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 

were observed in England and many parts of Central Europe 
on June 3oth and July ist and 2nd. These were generally 
considered to be auroral in their nature, but the absence of any 
aurora spectrum and the steady nature of the glows point to 
their being caused by sunlight reflected either on clouds at great 
heights or on some substance in the form of fine dust in a similar 
position. 

ELECTRICITY. 

Wireless telegraphy (or radio-telegraphy, as it should now, I 
suppose, be called, though it seems an inconvenient name for a 
thing unconnected with radium, when that substance is so much 
before the public,) and its developments continue to occupy the 
chief place in the section, and the first regular wireless station, 
belonging to the Post-office, to be used for communication with 
ships, was opened at Bolt Head, Devon, on December nth. It 
has a range of 250 miles. The advantages of this method of 
communication between ships at sea were strikingly illustrated in 
a recent collision between the Republic and the Florida, the 
former ship having a wireless telegraphic apparatus and being 
able to summon other ships to her aid. From experiments 
successfully carried out at Dieppe it would appear that the 
difficulty of sending the radio-telegraphic message in one 
direction only has been overcome, but the plan does not seem to 
be yet generally adopted. The transmission of photographs by 
telegraphy continues to make progress, and two or three new 
methods have lately been invented by which the time of trans- 
mission is shortened. The Carnegie Institution is building for 
purposes of magnetic research in different parts of the world a 
ship, of which every portion is to be non-magnetic, with one or 
two small exceptions, which have to be of iron, the hull being 
of wood, and bronze being largely used. A destructive hailstorm 
in France was observed to follow the course of a high tension 
line for 14 kilometres, doing serious damage in its immediate 
neighbourhood and spreading for 800 to 1,000 metres on either 
side. Where the storm commenced three large balls of fire were 



PRESIDENT S ADDRESS. XCV. 

seen, double the size of a man's head, on the explosion of which 
the hail came down. Experiments have been lately made in 
growing electrified wheat by a system of wires stretched across 
the field on poles, the result being an improvement in quality 
and an increased yield of 29 to 40 per cent, in the crop. In 
October last an International conference on electrical units and 
standards was held in London, and important resolutions were 
carried, which will, it is hoped, remove many of the difficulties 
which have arisen owing to the rapid development of this branch 
of science. 

CHEMISTRY. 

I am glad to say that the subject of radium set for the Cecil 
Medal last year has produced a better competition than we have 
yet had. I hope that it shows the growth of a more general and 
stronger interest in scientific subjects amongst Dorset men, and 
also a better appreciation of the liberal efforts of the founder of 
the medal. Some good essays have also been sent in for the 
Mansel-Pleydell Medal. A Radium Institute, with which our 
Hon. Member, Sir Frederick Treves, is prominently associated, 
has been founded, and will shortly come into active work, both 
for the purpose of research and also as a curative establishment 
by means of radium, which has been proved in certain diseases 
to be a more powerful means of cure than the X-rays. A method 
has been devised of counting the particles emitted by radium, 
the results of which agree well with those derived from the 
observation of their scintillations on a screen. Helium has been 
liquefied and kept in the liquid state for some hours. Aluminium 
is coming more into use, and can now be rolled into sheets even 
thinner than tinfoil, which it will probably to a great extent 
replace for many purposes. The experiments which caused the 
belief that lithium was, under the action of radium emanation, 
produced from copper, have been repeated, with negative results, 
so that this statement must be taken to require confirmation. 
Alloys of silicon with iron, and also with other metals, are found 
to resist the effect of acids in a remarkable degree, and arc, 



XCV1. PRESIDENT S ADDRESS. 

therefore, valuable for chemical purposes, their brittleness being 
the chief objection. The very hard substance, carborundum, 
now manufactured commercially for whetstones, is a compound 
of silicon and carbon, produced by intense heat in an electric 
furnace, and is converted by a further application of heat, which 
volatises the silica, into a very pure graphite, useful for electrodes, 
for lubrication, and for other purposes. Calcium chloride is 
suggested as a means of preventing coal dust in mines, which is 
so fruitful a source of explosions. It has also been used to keep 
roads free from dust. The art of making perfumes synthetically 
has been greatly developed of late years, and a number of 
different ones are now produced at a much smaller cost than 
that of the natural article distilled from flowers. With these, 
however, the artificial scents, though much cheaper, are not to be 
compared in other respects. The latest development of photo- 
graphy is the production of animated photographs in natural 
colours, the film consisting of pictures alternately taken through 
a red and green screen and similarly exhibited in the cinemato- 
graph. The result is said to be very successful. 

ENGINEERING. 

The subject of aeronautics continues to occupy a foremost 
position in the public mind, and the lately-formed British Aerial 
League proposes to establish a National Aeronautical College to 
forward the progress of invention and education in this subject, 
with a view to ensuring to this country the supremacy of the air 
as well as that of the sea. It still remains to be seen, however, 
to what extent any such supremacy can be said to exist, as I am 
glad to say that there does not as yet seem any immediate 
prospect of balloons and aeroplanes, in spite of the wonderful 
performances of the latter, being brought sufficiently under 
control to be really useful for fighting purposes. If unmanned 
balloons directed by wireless electricity should become practical 
machines, they might exercise much influence in this respect. An 
International Road Congress, having in view the improvement 




PRESIDENT S ADDRESS. XCV11. 

of roads and regulation of traffic, was lately held at Paris, 
and was attended by delegates from 29 countries. The chief 
decision, arrived at almost unanimously, was that the proper use 
of tar for holding together the materials used in making the 
road produced an almost dustless and waterproof road with a 
great diminution in the annual cost for repairs, and caused none 
of the unpleasant effects which had occurred when quantities of 
crude tar had been applied on the surface only. It is proposed 
to erect works near Dublin for producing gas from peat, which is 
to be used for making electricity for power purposes, and as 
there will be valuable by-products, it is thought that the plan 
will be successful. It is curious to read, when one has seen 
defunct windmills in various parts of the country, that the 
demand for these machines was never so great as it is at present, 
but such appears to be the fact. A new tunnel under the 
Thames has been successfully finished, and another is being 
made in Canada by the somewhat novel method of sinking side 
by side in a huge trench dredged across the river two immense 
steel cylinders, each 262 feet long, and embedding them in 
concrete, thus making a double tunnel in which the trains will 
run. The deepest boring in Britain has lately been made to the 
depth of 4,534^ feet, the temperature increasing on the average 
one degree Fah. in every 87 feet. As it is improbable that this 
bore is really vertical, any more than those in South Africa, of 
which I spoke at some length in my address last year, and of 
which careful measurements were taken, showing that in some 
instances the real depth of the bottom of the borehole below the 
surface was only half the length of the bore, owing to deviations 
of direction these temperature results must be received with 
reservation. In Egypt the Esneh dam on the Nile has been 
completed, and will more than double the crops on about 
250,000 acres. The dam is composed of stone piers and arches, 
containing flood gates and resting on concrete and iron piles. 
Finally, I come to a matter which will, I am sure, give much 
gratification to some of our lady Members, or at all events to 
their servants, who will in future have scientific authority for the 



XCV111. PRESIDENT S ADDRESS. 

practice of standing up a poker in front of a fire to draw it up. 
A scientist has made experiments, measuring the velocity of the 
air at various points, with and without the presence of the poker, 
and has come to the conclusion, like the servants, that it exerts 
a remarkable and beneficial influence on the draught. Science, 
however, I believe, still denies the action of the sun in putting 
out a fire, and says that it is merely an optical delusion. Here 
are fields for careful experiments at our very hearths. 



GEOGRAPHY. 

At an International Geographical Congress held at Geneva 
last July a great many papers were read on a variety of subjects, 
the scope of geography being extensive, and, like geology, 
dipping into many other branches of science. The inscriptions 
on two scarabs appeared to confirm the account given by 
Herodotus of the circumnavigation of Africa under Necho II. 
about 600 B.C., the journey lasting three or four years, but 
there still seems a little uncertainty about this feat having been 
accomplished at this early date. A committee was appointed 
to negotiate with the various Governments for the employment 
of a uniform system of symbols and signs on maps, especially 
that of the world on the scale of one-millionth, which is being 
gradually prepared. In Africa a chain of triangles is being 
surveyed along the 3oth meridian of longitude from North to 
South, which passes through German territory below the 
Northern 1,700 miles, which are now finished. The Germans 
are therefore continuing this important work. The parts of 
the earth which suffer from extreme heat and cold are still the 
least known, and most research expeditions tend to the poles or 
the equator. Thus we have a French arctic expedition started 
and a Danish Greenland expedition returned in the last year, 
as well as one organised to explore the interior of New Guinea, 
which is likely to produce much of interest in Natural History. 
But the great event of the year is the journey to within 1 1 1 miles 



PRESIDENT S ADDRESS. XC1X. 

of the South Pole of Lieut. Shackleton, which is by far the 
nearest point attained. Many valuable observations have been 
made which will add to our knowledge of those regions. Two 
more Antarctic expeditions are now in course of preparation. 
Dr. Sven Hedin has returned from Tibet and Dr. Stein from 
Central Asia, the first with much geological and geographical 
information, the latter with many documents of the third to 
the eighth century, besides improvements in the map. The 
manuscripts are in Indian, Chinese, and Tibetan languages. 
The account of explorations in Guatemala by Mr. Maler, with 
photographs of sculptured figures and inscriptions, has lately 
been published by the Peabody Museum of American Arch- 
aeology, and adds much to our knowledge of this little known 
region. 

ARCHEOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY. 

The chief archaeological work which has this year been carried 
out in Dorset has been the excavation of Maumbury Rings, 
otherwise known as the Amphitheatre, by Mr. St. George Gray, 
with the assistance of Mr. Charles Prideaux. The result, so far 
for it is proposed to continue the excavations this year appears 
fully to justify the belief that this was used as an amphitheatre in 
the time of the Romans. But the spot had been occupied by 
Neolithic people in much earlier times, as was shown by the 
discovery of a deep pit containing picks made of deer's antlers 
and other implements. Another excavation, carried out by the 
Rev. G. H. Engleheart and Mr. Le Jeune at Hemsworth, near 
Wimborne, on the site of a Roman villa, has brought to light 
some beautiful and interesting pavements. Maiden Castle has 
been put under the care of the Commissioners of Works, so that 
this, our finest earthwork, will, let us hope, be safe from inter- 
ference. It is much to be regretted that, in spite of protests 
from the Society of Antiquaries and others, a projected railway 
on Dartmoor is to pass close to some of the most interesting 



C. PRESIDENT S ADDRESS. 

stones in that wonderful locality for prehistoric stone monuments, 
where their numbers are only equalled by their variety. Quite 
recently some of these have been taken for road-making. The 
Royal Commissioners on Ancient Monuments for England and 
Wales, lately appointed, will, doubtless, do much towards 
safeguarding them generally. Another most creditable piece of 
work, which we inspected last summer, is the discovery, by the 
intelligent study of various small points connected with its 
history, of an important addition to the splendid Abbey of 
Glastonbury by Mr. Bligh Bond, who is well known to us, as he 
has kindly acted as our guide more than once at our meetings. 
An interesting paper on stone circles was read to the British 
Association, in which the author says that the genuine stone 
circle apparently occurs only in the British Isles, and that most, 
if not all, of the circles found in other countries are merely 
retaining walls, left after the tumulus, which they retained, had 
been removed. I have read descriptions of stone circles 
in Brittany, 300 feet across, which could hardly be the 
walls of a former tumulus ; but I have not seen them. 
(Barrows of S. Brittany, Lukis, p. 17 and elsewhere.) In 
Aberdeenshire, in the midst of numerous stone circles, are found 
remains of men of a very unique type short, with broad heads 
who are, it is suggested, Akkadians or Hittites, who migrated by 
sea to these islands about 2000 B.C., as they seem to correspond 
to them in structure better than any others. It is also suggested 
that these were the founders of stone circles. In a cave at 
Niaux, in France, have been found Palaeolithic drawings of 
animals transfixed by arrows, showing conclusively (as it is stated) 
the use of the bow at that early period, also even the footprints 
of the artists on the floor, together with pictures of fish, &c., 
engraved on the ground. No doubt, the drawings are more 
distinctly arrows, and not spears, in some cases ; but in the 
illustration I have seen they look more like spears, the shafts 
being quite plain, and I am not aware that a bow occurs amongst 
the drawings to give authority to the statement about its use. In 
a cave in the Dordogne Valley an early human fossil has been 



PRESIDENT S ADDRESS. Cl. 

found, the skull being of the Neanderthal type. Some inter- 
esting things have been found in kitchen-middens, in New 
Zealand, especially fish hooks made of bone or greenstone. In 
the Soudan have been found some ancient querns used for 
grinding the quartz before the gold was washed out of it. 
Measurements of 575 of the skulls below Hythe Church, Kent, 
show that they are brachicephalic, the average length of the 
males being iy'9 centimetres. Their date is probably 1200 
1500 A.D. A pigmentation survey of school children in Scotland 
has been successfully carried out, details of more than 500,000 
children being given. An excess of dark hair characterises 
Galloway, Glasgow, and the Highlands, there being most jet 
black hair in the latter, whilst Orkney, Shetland, and other parts 
are fair. Red hair occurs in excess only to the north of the 
Grampians and east of the Caledonian Canal, where Tacitus also 
locates it. In Glasgow and Dundee the men are mostly dark 
and the women fair-haired. Experiments carried out in 
Germany seem to show that the other senses are not increased 
in delicacy in the blind a conclusion which is by no means in 
accordance with our general belief. It is suggested, however, 
that their blindness causes them to pay more attention to what 
they perceive by other means. 

GENERAL. 

Amongst other subjects discussed at the meeting of the 
Corresponding Societies' delegates at the British Association 
at Dublin were the educational opportunities of such societies as 
our own. Specialists in all branches of science are becoming so 
technical that it is difficult for them to understand what is going 
on in other branches than their own, and comparatively hopeless 
for the amateur who is unacquainted with the terms used. Field 
Clubs bring together people interested in the same things, and 
in that way disseminate knowledge. Probably most of our 
Members carry away some new scientific ideas from our meet- 
ings, even those who are only superficially interested in our 



cii. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 

subjects, and in this way I think our Club is educational. 
Other subjects dealt with were sanctuaries for our fauna and 
flora, which seem to be on the increase, also the re-stocking of 
localities with species that have formerly inhabited them, but 
become extinct. This practice cannot be defended on scientific 
grounds, as it is most improbable that the introduced specimens 
will have the identical qualities of the extinct ones, for 
there is as a rule some difference, though possibly slight, 
between groups of the same species in different places. In 
many cases this difference is very striking. One department of 
the Franco-British Exhibition was that of science, in which a 
fine collection of historic and other apparatus and documents in 
the different branches was shown, as well as many illustrative 
specimens. Important new buildings, chiefly for scientific 
purposes, have been opened at the Leeds University, and very 
large donations have been made for the furtherance of science in 
India. An account of the cruises of the Valhalla, made partly 
with a view to the interests of science, has been lately published, 
which gives much general information, chiefly zoological and 
botanical, and describes no less than eleven new species of birds. 
A recent report of the Royal Commission on afforestation and 
other matters states that 9,000,000 acres in the United Kingdom 
might probably with advantage be planted with trees so as to 
produce a profit, and it is hoped that steps may be taken towards 
this result. It is, however, much to be desired that this should 
be carried out with discretion, for though semi-wild woods are 
picturesque and interesting, one would hardly like to see every 
piece of suitable land not of much use for any other purpose 
taken up by neatly-arranged plantations. A protest against the 
extreme application of the law of priority in scientific names has 
been influentially signed by British zoologists, and it is certainly 
time that something was done to prevent the confusion and 
trouble arising from what would appear to be undesirable changes. 
I do not mention the Daylight Saving Bill as a Scientific subject, 
but to echo the hope expressed by most, if not all, scientists that 
we shall not have to submit to it. The one bright spot in it for 



PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 



cm. 



us is that it may solve the lunch question at our annual meeting, 
by causing us to disperse at what is really one o'clock, and by 
the beginning of May our appetites will not have had time to get 
used to the change and imagine that it is two ! 

In conclusion I wish success to all those amongst us who are 
doing something, however little, to raise the scientific position of 
the club, and hope that the results of this year may not only 
equal, but excel those of its predecessors. 




MR. WILFRID HUDLESTON HUDLESTON, M.I., F.R.S. 



Through the death of Mr. Hudleston, which took place, at the 
age of 80, on January 2gih, 1909, our society and the learned 
world at large has been bereaved of a leader as widely respected 
for his many-sided and well-digested knowledge as beloved for 
his delightful and generous personality. He was the eldest son 
of Dr. John Simpson, of Knaresborough, and in 1867 assumed 
the family name of his mother, who was heiress of the Cumber- 
land Hudlestons. Young Simpson was educated at St. Peter's 
School, York, and Uppingham, whence he entered at St. John's 
College, Cambridge, taking his B.A. in 1850 and subsequently 
proceeding to the M.A. On leaving Cambridge he devoted 
some time to the study of law, and was called to the bar in 1853, 
but he never practised professionally. Several years were spent 
in foreign travel, during which his attention was chiefly attracted 
towards ornithology, and in 1858 he became one of the three 
founders of the British Ornithological Society. A wider course 
of scientific study was then entered upon at Edinburgh, under 
Playfair and Macadam, and then in London at the Royal College 
of Chemistry. Eventually, in a large measure through the 
influence of Prof. John Morris, Mr. Hudleston was led to make 
the science of geology the principal pursuit of his life. 

From an interesting and comprehensive review of his life, 
published in the Dorse/ County Chronicle on February 4th last, we 
learn that he was elected a Fellow of the Geological Society in 
1867. From 1874 to 1877 he served the office of secretary to 






\VILFRID HUDLfcSTON fcUDtESTON, k.A., F.R.S. CV. 

the Geologists' Association, of which he became President in 
1 88 1. In 1886 Mr. Hudleston succeeded Prof. Morris as one of 
the editors of the " Geological Magazine," and the same year he 
took office as one of the secretaries of the Geological Society. 
Following Sir Archibald Geikie, he was in 1892 elected 
President, and in 1897 was awarded the society's highest mark 
of distinction, the Wollaston Gold Medal. 

Amongst other evidences of the high esteem in which Mr. 
Hudleston was held in the scientific world we note that he was 
at one time on the Council of the Royal Geographical Society ; 
in 1898 President of the Geological Section of the British 
Association at Bristol ; and was also elected President of the 
Devonshire Association, of the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union, 
and of the Malton Field Naturalists' Society. Only a week or so 
before his death he received the gold medal of the British 
Ornithological Society. 

After many years of early and middle life spent in Yorkshire 
and London, Mr. Hudleston became a Dorset landed proprietor 
in 1897, purchasing the West Holme estate, near Wareham, but 
still keeping his London residence in Stanhope Gardens, South 
Kensington. He was married in 1890 to Miss Rose Benson, 
second daughter of Mr. W. H. Benson, of Littlethorpe, near 
Ripon. To Mrs. Hudleston the Members of the Dorset Field 
Club unite in tendering their sincerest sympathy in her sudden 
bereavement. 

Late as it was in his life when Mr. Hudleston joined our 
society, he enthusiastically identified himself with its interests 
and threw himself with his characteristic genial activity into its 
undertakings. On the score of his advanced age he declined 
the offer of the presidency of the Club, made to him on the 
retirement of Lord Eustace Cecil ; but his leadership in 
geological excursions notably the coasting trip given on his 
personal invitation in July, 1907 and his constant readiness to 
give to all enquirers the benefit of his immense knowledge will 
ever be remembered with admiration and gratitude by all who 
can claim the privilege of having accompanied him. 



HENRY STORKS EATON, M.A. 

(Past President of the Royal Meteorological Soc., V.P. Dorset 
Field Club). 



Through the lamented death of Mr. Henry Storks Eaton the 
Club has lost a Vice-President and one of its most valued 
Members. The hobby of his life was meteorology, more 
especially rainfall, and in his knowledge of that branch of 
science he was probably unequalled. 

He joined the Club in 1891, and though, having no settled 
residence, he was not himself an observer, he took the keenest 
interest in all that related to Dorset rainfall, and in 1895, at the 
request of the writer of this notice, succeeded him in being 
responsible for the annual Rainfall Report published in the 
" Proceedings " of the Club. To this Mr. Eaton devoted much 
time and energy, continuing his duties long after his health 
began to fail him, until he was at last compelled in 1904, after 
ten years' work, to resign his post to the present holder, Mr. H. 
Stilwell. But Mr. Eaton did not confine himself to writing the 
report. He visited the various rain gauges in the county at 
intervals, and saw for himself that they were in good condition 
and suitably placed, and, if he suspected an error in any return 
(and it is an unfortunate fact that they were by no means 
infrequent), he never rested until he had discovered both the 
error and its cause. Unless he was successful in this quest and 
could correct it to his satisfaction, the return was excluded from 




THE LATE HENRY STORKS EATON, ESQ. 



HENRY STORKS EATON, M.A. CV11. 

the report ; and, though this strictness sometimes lost him an 
observer, he preferred the loss to any uncertainty. In ordinary 
editing he was most particular, and, as he had an extraordinary 
faculty for detecting mistakes or omissions, it would be difficult 
to find even a small fault in any printing which had passed 
through his hands. During these ten years, in addition to the 
annual reports, he published in the Club's " Proceedings " 
"Dorset Annual Rainfall, 1848-92," with two maps (Vol. XVI., 
p. 17), " Dorset Monthly Rainfall, 1856-95 " (Vol. XVIII., p. 153), 
and " Rainfall Constants at 1 04 stations in Dorset, deduced from 
Observations taken between 1848 and 1897" (Vol. XX., p. 94), 
all papers based on most elaborate and extensive calculations 
from the records during those periods, which took him years to 
work out. Large copies of the maps, showing the average 
rainfall during 44 years for 75 Dorset stations, together with 
other details, were presented by him, amongst numerous other 
gifts, to the Dorset County Museum, of which he was a Member 
of the Council. He was most generous to the Club, and always 
himself bore the expense of printing his papers and maps. 
Whilst his health permitted he was a frequent attendant at the 
Club's meetings. 

For most of the following information the writer is indebted 
to the Rev. Alfred E. Eaton and, in a less degree, to the notice 
in the journal of the R. Meteorological Society : 

Henry Storks Eaton was born at Little Bridy, Dorset, on the 30th of October, 
1834, and went to school at Somerton and afterwards Dorchester Grammar 
School. Matriculating at Trinity College, Cambridge, in October, 1854, he took 
his B.A. degree in 1857 and M.A. in 1860. 

From childhood he displayed keen interest in meteorological events, and almost 
to the end of his life he could recall to mind in rather full detail the changes of 
weather on particular dates fifty or sixty years gone by. Entries of barometrical 
readings figure in a diary kept by him in the summer of 1852, but his readings of 
the thermometer range from January, 1841, onwards. 

The autumn of 1852 was exceedingly wet. He notes in November the outburst 
of springs in the Winterbourne and Bridy valleys after an interval of drought (in 
some cases) of 25 years. One of these broke out at Higher Kingston, and the 
stream from it, running along the turnpike road to Winterboume Abbas, was 
judged to be equal in volume at Well Bottom Plantation to the Frorne at Gray's 



CV111. 



HENRY STORKS EATON, M.A. 



Bridge. From the Winterbourne Lodge (near the Winterbourne "Wherry ") to 
Winterbounie, on November 27th, the turnpike road was covered with water 
running in a rapid stream to the depth of five or six inches and in some places two 
or three feet. Springs rose underneath the houses in this village until only two 
remained dry, and the water flooding the road was a foot deeper than it was in 
1841. Another of the springs rose in the meadow between Bridehead and Little 
Bridy Farm. The water flowed down through the grounds into Bridehead Pond, 
joined by the outflow of a spring that broke out by the walnut trees in the 
paddock, and formed a pool in front of Bridehead front door ; there was also a 
spring in the cellar. Another spring started in the grounds below the rockery, 
traversed the lawns, and ran down to the stream below the waterfall. Another 
spring burst up in the cellar of Long Bridy Kectory, and "they broke the fire 
engine in pumping the water out." 

During the last few days in November, 1852, readings of the thermometer 
begin to be entered in the diary with vague indications of the time of the day, 
such as " 28th. Thermometer this evening 41. 29th. This morning it is much 
colder; thermometer 35, with a brisk wind from N. by E." The entry for 
December 1st ends, " began my weather table for this month; one wonders what 
was its form." Another item may be cited, dated December 9th : " Ordered a 
self -registering night thermometer at Saunders' ; " this arrived on Christmas 
Eve. But, alas! next day comes the record: "I burst my thermometer in 
trying to repair it, as it had got out of order in its carriage here. Another 
thermometer of the same pattern ordered on the 1st January, 1853, arrived on 
the 13th." 

From December, 1849, until the 2Sth of January, 1851, results obtained by 
observations during some of the vacations are tabulated in this form, e.g. : 

1852 and 1853. 





No. of Days 


Mean 


Mean Atmos- 


Week ending 


Rain, 


Snow. 


Temperature. 


pheric Pressure. 




Hail. 








December 24th 


6 





46-429 


29-674 


,, 31st 


/ 





47-100 


29-466 


January 7th 


1 





47-256 


29-456 


14th 


6 





45-359 


29-354 


21st 


4i 


i 


42-726 


29-364 


,, 28th 


1 


2 


36-285 


'J9-599 




31J 


2J 


44-193 


29-4855 



Another opening gives " low temperatures that I have recorded at this place " 
(Little Bridy) " at various times " and " high temperatures." The entries range 
in time from January, 1841, to August 30th, 1854, with a footnote: "Unfor- 
tunately no record was kept of the frost in 183S, which was far the most severe 
of any that have occurred since the beginning of this century." The highest 



HENRY STORKS EATON, M.A. 



C1X. 



reading was 90 on the 6th of July, 1852, at 2.30 p.m. ; the lowest 12 F. on 
14th March, 1845. 

Another gives hourly readings of the dry and wet-bulb thermometers on 
August 1st, 1856, from 6 a.m. till 10 p.m. and on the 2nd from 5 a.m. till 10 p.m. 
(with readings at 4.40 a.m. of the minimum thermometer and barometer), and on 
the 3rd August from 4 a.m. till 1 p.m. To the right of these figures are noted 
the forms of clouds interspersed with barometrical readings and the direction of 
the wind. Similar hourly observations of a single thermometer extend from 
3 a.m. till 11.30 p.m, on the 24th July, 1854, 3.30, 4.30, and 6 a.m. till 11 p.m. 
on the 25th, and from 2 a.m. till 1 p.m., and then 1.15, 1.45, 2.30, and 3 p.m. 
until 9 p.m. on the 26th July, 1854, on which days were thunderstorms. 

The first appearance of cloud nomenclature in the diary is at the close of the 
entry of the 4th of July, 1852 : " There are one or two clouds creeping up from 
the S.E. that seem to indicate thunder; they are of the cirro-cumulus formation." 
On the 6th of July, describing a thunderstorm, he notes : " The lightning 
towards the E. and S.E. was peculiarly brilliant, and the forked lightning at 
9 p.m. was very distinctly delineated. ... It was of six colours yellow, 
red, blue, white, green, and pink the white and blue predominating." 

Whilst at Cambridge he rowed in the 2nd Trinity Eight. He dabbled a little 
in chemistry, attended courses of science lectures on Geology by Prof. Adam 
Sedgwick and on Botany by Prof. George Henslow. Finding a rare species of 
garlic (Allium ampeloprasum, var. Habingtonii,) at East Bexington Farm, Abbots- 
bury, where it gave trouble to the dairyman, he sent some heads of it in a packet 
to Dr. Arnott, then Regius Professor of Botany at the University of Glasgow. A 
letter of thanks was returned, but, the nature of the parcel being betrayed by the 
smell, the Professor was promptly fined four shillings by the Post Office officials 
for having vegetables forwarded to him by mail contrary to the regulations. 

From 1861-63 he was assistant to Mr. Nathaniel Beardmore, a celebrated 
hydraulic engineer, and collected a large number of statistics on rainfall and 
evaporation, which formed Part iv. of Beardmore's Manual of Hydrology, 1862. 

For many years from 1864 he was librarian to the Institution of Civil 
Engineers, Westminster, and Editor of their Transactions and conductor of 
parties of their students visiting eHgineering works, &c. This post he resigned 
on reaching the age of 60, finding the weight of years beginning to tell upon him, 
and the Council conferred on him a retiring pension, creating a precedent. He 
hesitated to accept it. "It is not a question of your needing a pension," said 
the President, " but of what we ought to do." 

Mr. Eaton was elected a Member of the British (now the 
Royal) Meteorological Society in 1857, and from the first took a 
great interest in its welfare, and was a regular attendant at its 
meetings. He became Hon. Librarian in 1860 and printed two 
catalogues of their books. He was elected a member of the 



CX. HENRY STORKS EATON, M.A. 

Council in 1865, was three times Vice-President, and became 
President in 1876-7. He was largely instrumental in providing 
an office for the Society and active in its behalf in many other 
ways. During his presidency he entertained with his usual 
hospitality the Permanent Committee of the International 
Meteorological Conference, which met that year in London ; in 
the same year also ladies were first admitted as Fellows of the 
Society. His principal compilations were on the average height 
of the barometer in London for 100 years and on the mean 
temperature of the air at Greenwich from 1811 to 1856. 

Whilst living at Croydon he belonged to the Croydon Micro- 
scopical and Natural History Club, of which he was President in 
1888-9, and prepared an elaborate report on the temperature and 
rainfall of the district for the years 1881-5, as we ^ as taking 
a prominent part in the superintendence of the daily rainfall 
returns. 

After leaving Croydon he spent much of his time in Dorset, 
and did much work for the Dorset Field Club, as above described. 
He suffered greatly in his latter years from rheumatism and 
partial paralysis, and died at Ilfracombe on February 7th, 1909. 
He married in 1864 Grace A. C. Beardmore, the daughter of the 
above-mentioned Mr. Nathaniel Beardmore, an old family friend. 
She was an invalid for many years, and died in 1882, leaving no 
children. 

He was of a most kind and amiable disposition, very hospit- 
able, most industrious, and accurate. He possessed a good deal 
of general information on other branches besides rainfall, but 
from his devotion to this he never swerved, remaining faithful to 
it from his earliest youth to the end of his career. 

N. M. RICHARDSON. 



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By the Rev. G. H. ENGLEHEART, M.A., F.S.A. 

(Bead 10th December, 1908. ) 




WILTSHIREMAN must stand in this meeting 
somewhat guiltily, as a poacher taken flagrante 
delicto, and not for the first time, in Dorset 
preserves. Happily I am able to lay the blame 
on your Secretary, for it was he who invited me 
into the covert. So, too, the merit of whatever 
has been accomplished is not mine, but belongs 
first of all to Mr. H. Le Jeune, to whose research and energy the 
rediscovery of the Hemsworth site is entirely due. He started 
the exploration, and by Lord Alington's consent and at his 
expense, and by the keen interest of his agent, Mr. C. B. Hill,* 
the area, or as much of it as could be marked off for this season, 
was fairly well searched, considering the late date, September, 
at which work was begun. 



* Valuable service was also rendered by Mr. Linklater, of E. Hemsworth, 
and by his friend, Mr. Scott- Orr, in first tracing out and protecting the 
remains. 



2 THE ROMAN VILLA AT HEMSWORTH. 

On the Map of Ancient Dorset, &c., prefixed to the 3rd Vol. 
of General Pitt-Rivers' "Excavations," the site will be found, 
marked as a Roman villa, just N. of Badbury Rings, within the 
angle formed by the junction of two Roman roads the main 
road from Dorchester to Salisbury and its branch from Badbury 
to Winklebury Camp and Shaftesbury. General Pitt-Rivers, 
no doubt, followed Hutchins, who says in his history of the 
county : 

"At Hemsworth Farm, on the Eweleaze, are extensive irregu- 
larities on the surface which betoken ancient location. About a 
quarter of a mile distant some workmen came upon several 
buried skeletons ; and in an adjoining field were found the 
remains of a Roman villa, consisting of foundations and six 
pavements, three of which were tesselated." 

And in Vol. XL, p. 19, of the Proceedings of the Dorset Field 
Club, Dr. Wake Smart writes : 

"On Hemsworth Farm in 1831 were discovered the founda- 
tions of several rooms, in one of which I saw a beautiful 
representation of a dolphin, surrounded with a fine ornamental 
border, all in mosaic work." 

The site appears to have been immemorially known at 
Hemsworth as "Walls Field," a name which stands sadly as an 
indication both of the house and of its destruction. It has been 
evident in the course of the excavation that lengths of the walls, 
as from time to time they impeded the plough, have been 
followed up and grubbed out, usually to their very footings, so 
that it is almost impossible to trace their lines and obtain a 
satisfactory plan. For this reason much of the labour has been 
concentrated on securing the two good pavements before winter. 
Hemsworth, to measure in bee lines, stands five miles N.W. of 
Wimborne and the same distance due E. of Blandford, in a 
neighbourhood rich in antiquities. Bradford Down, with its 
imposing long and round barrows, is one mile S.E., Badbury 
Rings two miles S. Half-a-dozen miles northwards take us into 
Cranborne Chase and the " Pitt-Rivers' Country." Eight miles 
easterly of north, on the main Roman road, is Woodyates, which 



THE ROMAN VILLA AT HEMSWORTH. 3 

from its, position, and possibly by etymology, may reasonably be 
identified with the station Vindogladia.* From four to five miles 
N.N.W., in the parish of Tarrant Hinton, is a villa imperfectly 
explored in 1846, which would probably repay a thorough 
investigation. According to information recorded by Morgan 
(Rom. Brit. Mosaic Pavements, pp. 201, 214), the remains 
extend over nearly 20 acres. The lately re-excavated villa at 
Fifehead Neville lies a dozen miles \V. 

As noticed by Hutchins, there is a large stretch of pasture, 
running almost up to the walls of the Hemsworth villa, which 
bears the usual surface-signs of a large Romano-British village, 
and it is not unlikely that it sheltered many of the dependants of 
the house and its estate. I have in the case of villas elsewhere, 
e.g., at Thruxton, Hants, observed the proximity of a village 
settlement, especially where, as there and at Hemsworth, the 
house seems to have had no considerable servants' wing. But 
outlying extensions of the Hemsworth building may still await 
discovery. The situation was, as usual, well chosen a level 
area on a gently rising knoll which dominates all the immediate 
country side. The house, so far as at present unearthed, has for 
its longer axis a chain of rooms and passages lying E.N.E. and 
W.S.W. for about 250 feet, but may have extended further in the 
former direction, where a double cottage stands on the ground, 
and, according to tradition, on tesselated floors. The width of 
this long block averages about 50 feet, but had projections and 
recesses which cannot be accurately planned in the destroyed 
foundations. At the W.S.W. end a shorter and broader wing, 
roughly 100 feet long by 60 feet wide, returned southwards. 
There was also a shorter return S. at the opposite end of the 
house, which thus seems to have stood partly round three sides 



* Vindogladia would have its first letter transitioually sounded as B or W, and 
the modern and probably the ancient Italian sound of gl is ly. This would give 
the form Windolyad, with 11 tending to drop out before d, which approaches 
Woodyates and also Woodcutts, an adjacent place-name. This, however, must 
stand as a guess only. 



4 THE ROMAN VILLA AT HEMSWORTH. 

of an open courtyard, somewhat after the plan of the Spoonley 
Wood, Gloucestershire, villa (Archaologia, Vol. 52, Pt. 2). 
This form of a long-fronted house with two much shorter 
wings does not seem at all common in villas hitherto found in 
England. 

The building material, so far as it shows in the wall foundations 
and debris, was of flint. Rounded dents in some of the floors 
look as if made by capitals or other worked stone falling from a 
height when the house was destroyed, but every scrap of stone 
other than flint has been removed. The quality of the masonry 
is best shown in the great hypocaust structure at the S.W. end. 
This has been stripped of all its bridging-tiles and other portable 
material of the suspensura, but still shows very excellent and 
thorough workmanship in the depth, solidity and finish of the 
flue-passages. The house was roofed with the usual large, 
lozenge-shaped stone roof-tiles, but very few out of thousands 
have been left on the site. 

The tesselated floors, could they have been preserved to us, 
would no doubt have been an exceptionally valuable series in 
number, variety, and quality. Most unfortunately the covering 
of soil, as commonly happens in a chalk district, is so shallow as 
to give little defence against the plough and other destructive 
agencies, and out of some fourteen or fifteen tesselated rooms, 
lobbies, and corridors, two only have survived except as fragments. 
It is well that these two are remarkable, and in their subjects 
perhaps unique in England. I will not try to improve upon 
the accurate description of a contributor to the Dorset County 
Chronicle, who writes thus : 

" Of the series of tesselated floors and fragments, two stand 
out for special notice, by reason not only of their fairly perfect 
state of preservation but also of their exceptionally elaborate 
designs, the high degree of artistic feeling displayed in them, 
and the excellence and fineness of the Avorkmanship. The first 
pavement, 13 feet square, is occupied by a series of concentric 
bands, all enriched with beautiful ornament. In a round panel 
in the centre appears a vigorous and perfect head, apparently of 



THE ROMAN VILLA AT HEMS WORTH. 5 

Jupiter Tonans, with six forks of lightning issuing from the curl- 
enriched head. Of the concentric circular bands enclosing the 
central panel, the first is occupied by chevrons, a motif repeating 
the impression of the forked lightning, the second by scroll work, 
the third by the three-plait cable, the fourth by foliated scroll 
work, and the fifth by the two-plait cable. This mosaic is of 
black, white, red, grey, and pale blue tesserae. A few paces from 
this floor was found a hypocaust, with the pila in position." 

It is, however, doubtful whether this head is of Jupiter. Wide 
enquiries have failed to find any similar representation on pave- 
ments, on coins, or in sculpture. The general character of the 
head seems scarcely designed to present the majesty of the 
hominum pater aique deorum. The head has been rather hastily 
assigned to Jupiter because of the three crooked red spikes or 
rays issuing from it on either side, which may seem to fall in 
with Virgil's description of the thunderbolt : 

Tres imbris torti radios, tres nubis aquosae 
Addiderant, rutili tres ignis. . . . 

But there would seem to be no known instance of the flashes 
issuing from the head. The bolt was always depicted as grasped 
in the hand of the deity or in the talons of his eagle, or as winged 
and separate. A flash-crowned head as an intentional innovation 
is not probable, for the artists in mosaic were conservative in 
their adherence to the traditional mythological formulae. 

The authorities in the Greek and Roman department of the 
British Museum are somewhat inclined to support my guess that 
this may be a head of the Sun-God. Instances are known of a 
bearded Apollo, but the reference would be rather to Mithras, 
whose cult, we know, had taken a strong hold in the fourth 
century. The sun had a place in the not very exclusive Pantheon 
of Constantino the Great. A second brass of his, found at 
Hemsworth, bears on the reverse a figure of the sun with radiated 
head and the legend SOLI INVICTO COMITI. But it must 
be acknowledged that the rays of the Sun-God's head are usually 
straight, not rulili or iorii, and that bearded representations, if 



6 THE ROMAN VILLA AT HEMSWORTH. 

authenticated, are very rare. In brief, the attribution of this 
head must be considered a still open question. 

The Venus pavement, too, is one of great interest. I quote 
again from the same note in the Dorset County Chronicle : 

" The next noteworthy floor is of peculiar shape, on plan like a 
slightly-stilted semi-circle, or an apsidal end, i6ft. long and i2ft. 
yin. broad. The central panel, of the same shape as the whole 
floor, is occupied by an artistic representation of Venus rising 
from the waves, and screened at the back by an enormous, 
beautifully-fluted and delicately-coloured shell, the rays radiating 
from the point where the goddess's feet meet. Unfortunately 
the head and body were found to have been destroyed, obviously 
by deliberate intent, as the remainder of this floor is nearly 
perfect ; but the legs remain from the hips downwards. The 
decorated borders enclosing this panel are varied and beautiful. 
Besides the cable ornament of two and three strands the guilloche 
appears, and other elaborate geometrical designs delicately 
foliated. But the broad and main outer band is the most 
remarkable, for it is occupied by five dolphins delineated with 
marvellous life and spirit, and with small fish and scallop shells 
in between. The colours in this pavement are more various 
than in the first-mentioned, for, in addition to those colours, 
there appear yellows and browns. Pale blue tessera worked into 
the lower parts of the dolphins' bodies give an effective impres- 
sion of the gleam of the creatures emerging from the water." 

It may be added that the procession of dolphins was continued 
along the chord of the semi-circle, which has been destroyed. 
Fragments of tesselation mark the position of a square or oblong 
floor, of which the Venus semi-circle formed the apse. One 
room at least of this form has commonly been found in these 
Roman houses, sometimes with indications that piers with folding 
doors or curtains screened off the apse, which may have served 
as the sacrariiun of the house. 

To the best of my knowledge this is the only Venus pavement 
recorded in England. The dolphin border is not uncommon ; 
it occurs, for instance, at Fifehead Neville, where it surrounds a 



THE ROMAN VILLA AT HEMSWORTH. 7 

simple cantharus very ineffectively a bathos in mosaic. We 
see in this instance, and in many others, that the mosaic artists 
supplied what may be called " interchangeable parts " of designs. 
It would seem to denote greater wealth in the Hemsworth 
householder that he could indulge in the entire marine suite. 
Or possibly he exercised economy elsewhere in order to have 
one or two very fine rooms, for two others are curiously paved 
with plain bluish pebbles, from local gravel pits or the clay cap 
on the downs close at hand, where they abound. The remnant 
of the central figure of Venus indicates the posture of the Medici 
statue, and traces of her drapery show that it fell and floated 
from her shoulders somewhat as in the Naiad figures of the great 
pavement at Woodchester, Gloucestershire. There is in the 
British Museum a fine and perfect pavement from Halicarnassus, 
which is evidently in the same line of traditional marine design. 
This measures 4oft. by i2ft, an oblong terminating in an 
apsidal group of Amphitrite and Tritons, with dolphins and 
shells. The borders are of ivy or smilax, and it is curious 
that two single smilax leaves are worked into the field of the 
Venus lunette at Hemsworth, as though the artist reckoned them 
a traditional and necessary accessor)'. 

I do not myself think that the head and body of the Venus 
were intentionally destroyed. In lifting this pavement unmis- 
takable evidences appeared of the action of fire penetrating to 
some depth, and disintegrating the tesserae and their bedding in 
patches. The break in the figure shows as a red patch, which 
owes its colour to fire, not to the common Roman pink mortar, 
for the pavement is laid wholly in white or yellowish mortar. 
Pieces of burning ceiling or roof timbers must have fallen on the 
pavement, and the burnt and loosened tesserae were probably 
picked or shovelled off during the excavation in 1831. 

This pavement has been presented by Lord Alington to the 
British Museum ; the other will be laid in his house at Crichel. 

A note may be of interest on the vertical structure of the 
Hemsworth pavements. Great care and accurate judgment of 
local soil conditions were always shown in laying the bed for a 



8 THE ROMAN VILLA AT HEMSWORTH. 

pavement. At Wroxeter the foundations were found to be 
built up in at least four strata, the lowest being 18 inches of 
broken stone, with a foot of concrete above it to receive a third 
layer of fine mortar, on which the tesserae were laid in a thin film 
of hard white plaster or cement. At Hemsworth the rough 
lower strata were omitted and the tesserae set in the same fine 
white medium, above 3 to 3^ inches of buff-coloured mortar 
resting on 2 inches of fine chalk or lime rubble, the entire bed 
measuring 6 inches at most in depth, against some 40 inches at 
Wroxeter. Yet the pavements remain perfectly level and firm 
after some 16 centuries. Their builders knew that no deeper 
foundation was necessary on a chalk sub-soil. The white plaster 
in which the tesserae were fitted together was still so hard as to 
resist the chisel. 

Besides the two pebble pavements there is a curiosity at 
Hemsworth in the shape of a large floor of alternate yj inch 
squares of hard grey limestone and black Kimmeridge shale. 
I believe one of our English cathedrals contains some paving of 
Cannell coal. 

An account of the many other pavements which have survived 
only in fragments or traces could be given and followed only in 
relation to a detailed plan of the rooms, which, it is hoped, may 
yet be made. The great hypocaust at the S.W. end supported 
one of the largest floors, for thousands of tesserae, in plaster flakes 
or single, lay in the deep flues where they had fallen on the 
demolition of the bridging masonry. A considerable proportion 
of these were of bright yellow. In this quarter of the house 
much wall plaster was found in light and dark shades of most 
brilliant blue, besides several other colours. One large flake 
preserved a drawing of a column with its capital, part of a wall 
landscape containing a temple or portico. Several fragments of 
flooring indicate a refined taste in black and white, very sparingly 
picked out with colour. The wide border of one pavement near 
the great hypocaust must have been bold and effective, consisting 
of large leaf-shaped ovals, 1 8 inches long, of concentric bands of 
white, black, blue, and red, inclined to one another in pairs at an 



THE ROMAN VILLA AT HEMSWORTH. 9 

angle of 45 degrees and meeting at the points. A very perfect 
water bath, nearly 6ft. square by 30 inches deep, has a mosaic 
floor of the axe pattern in black and white. An exactly similar 
bath, but paved with tiles, was found at Hartlip, Kent, and is 
figured in Wright's Celt, Roman, and Saxon. 

Some of the spaces of plain mortar or rammed chalk must 
have had boarded floors above them, for traces were found of 
sleeper walls to take timber joists. Wooden floors were probably 
common in these houses. In the small villa at Clanville, Hants, 
I noticed three coins lying in a perfectly straight line across a 
mortar floor showing a brown film of decayed wood. The room 
had sleeper walls, and the coins, no doubt, had fallen through 
the space between two badly fitting boards. The large hoard of 
Roman pewter vessels found by myself at Appleshaw, Hants, 
was buried in a pit sunk through a hard mortar floor. Such a 
disturbance would certainly have drawn the attention of raiders, 
unless boards had been lifted and replaced over the spot. 

Vastly more valuable than the recovery of coloured pavements, 
or objects however interesting or curious, are any clues that may 
lead us to a clearer historical view of these houses and the 
persons who built and lived in them. How much more should we 
know if every Roman site in England, or even in one county, had 
been examined" with the methodical pains of your great Dorset 
example, General Pitt- Rivers ! The unavoidably partial explor- 
ation of the Hemsworth building has not, so far, added much to 
our knowledge. As to its individual history, we may think it 
was built and stood during a longer or shorter possibly only a 
short period of the first three-quarters of the fourth century. 
The unusually few and poor coins range from Constantine the 
Great, who succeeded in 306, to Gratian, who died in 383. A 
solitary coin of Tetricus, 267-272, is much worn, and most of the 
coins may well have been in circulation many years before the 
house was built. It is, of course, possible that earlier or later 
coins may have been or will be found on the site. There are 
some slight tokens that the house was comparatively new when 
destroyed. None of the pavements look worn by treading, and 



10 THE ROMAN VILLA AT HEMSWORTH. 

the two pebble pavements have a singularly fresh appearance. 
In these the mortar was laid so as to nearly cover the crowns of 
the pebbles, and must have been rubbed away from them if 
trodden for any length of time. But wherever debris has 
protected it from later ill usage it shows no signs of wear. 
The quarter-round skirting moulding between the floors and the 
walls has the same curiously sharp surface, particularly in the 
water bath. The flues do not show the ordinary effects of many 
years' heat and smoke and cleaning out. 

It is said that most of our greater English mansions have been 
burned at least once. The Villa, largely timber-built and heated 
by several furnaces, must have been still more endangered. It 
was probably for this reason that the bath-house was sometimes 
isolated at a considerable distance from the main building, as at 
Appleshaw, Hants. A reconstruction upon burnt floors, as at 
Clanville, may be reckoned evidence of an accidental fire. At 
Hemsworth we find no such reconstruction, and may think that 
the house was plundered and fired. But there are possible 
indications of a somewhat leisurely plundering before the firing. 
It is a fact singular in my experience of villas that no fragment of 
window glass has been found over the whole large area. Glass 
shivered by fire or falling was not worth taking away, and lies 
imperishable and visible on the hard floors. I see no 
explanation but that the windows were carefully taken out entire 
in their leaden or wooden frames. My friend Colonel Hawley, 
F.S.A., an acute investigator of Romano-British village sites, has 
commented on the occurrence in them of personal ornaments 
and other material of a quality much superior to what would be 
looked for in the huts of peasants or slaves. He suggests that 
when invaders had attacked a villa, seized the more valuable and 
portable plunder, and passed on to another house, the villagers 
would afterwards complete the pillaging.* I have myself found 
much window glass on a rude village site near villa remains in 

* It is recorded that after the sack of Basing House by the Parliamentarians the 
cottages of that neighbourhood were for a long time full of its various furniture. 



THE ROMAN VILLA AT HEMSWORTH. II 

N.W. Hampshire. The water bath in the Hemsworth house 
shows that there was at least time for the removal of metal 
fittings before it was burned. Charred timber and roof tiles had 
filled the bath flush with the floor in which it is sunk, so as to 
effectually conceal it for fifteen centuries. But on clearing it out 
it was seen that the tap of its waste pipe had been wrenched off 
before the burning roof had fallen in. 

The after-history of the villa can be more certainly pictured. 
After such double plundering the local population, which had 
been largely supported by the " great house," would ebb away, 
and the removal of anything still worth taking would be 
continued by occasional passers, by. The nearness of the 
Hemsworth site to main roads goes far to explain its remarkable 
bareness. The hypocausts were early broken up for their useful 
tiles, and as being likely repositories of hidden valuables. The 
first church builders cleared off the heavier building stuff, 
exhaustively in stoneless districts. Such quarrying would 
disclose nearly all hoards and would complete the clearance. 
Matthew Paris gives a graphic and probably typical account of 
the excavations at Verulamium, early in the eleventh century, by 
the Abbots Ealdred and Eadmar, seeking material for their great 
new church. Vessels of fine pottery and glass, bronzes, statues, 
and apparently even book-rolls were disclosed in the hunt for 
stone, and all promptly destroyed as idolatrous. Almost the one 
thing irremovable and useless to pillagers was the pavement of 
small tesserae, and of the pavements we have what centuries of 
ploughing, digging, and tree-grubbing have left us. 

The precise status of the builders of the villas is still a puzzle. 
Government officials they cannot have been, except one here and 
there. Such houses stand quite too near together in many parts 
of England.* And, because of their frequency and size, no 

* The latest writer on the subject, Mr. A. Hadrian Allcroft (Earthwork of 
Britain, p. 3.V-5), strangely refuses to consider them thick upon the ground, 
though he himself instances a dozen quite close to Somertoii in Somerset, and 
13 or 14 within a radius of five or six miles round Bath. To make a comparison, 
as he does, with modern population, is out of place. 



12 THE ROMAN VILLA AT HEMSWORTH. 

large proportion can represent land grants taken up by veteran 
soldiers, most of whom, moreover, were natives of better 
climates and would not choose to end their days in penitus toio 
divisos orbe Britannos. Why then, in the fourth century, when 
the general prosperity of the Empire was falling rather than 
rising, did these large and opulent houses appear over a large 
part of England ? They suggest some newly-found source of 
local affluence, probably agricultural, for they were not mere 
pleasure retreats, but the homesteads of permanent country 
estates, in a word large farmhouses. 

From the time of Pytheas downwards many notices can be 
found of the production of corn in Britain as considerable. 
There is in Gibbon a well-known account of how the Emperor 
Julian staved off a great famine in Gaul by building on the 
Rhine 600 ships and bringing corn from Britain. The passage 
reads as if Britain was then a recognised granary. It is possible 
that the necessity of the constantly ravaged Continent during the 
fourth century was the opportunity of British farmers. Most of 
the villas stand on land good for corn-growing and near roads 
good for transport. Many of them seem to have had large 
outbuildings suitable for storage of grain. These have usually 
received small attention from excavators ; closer examination 
might tell us something of their probable use. 




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(CONTINUED FROM VOL. XXIX., p. 79.) 



By E. A. FRY, 



Section A continued. 
DEANERY OF WHITCHURCH. 

Chantry of Our Lady in Wotton Glanvyle. 

Chantry Roll No. 33 (74) Nett Income 6 18 o 

Grant to Richard Randall of London, gent. 

Vol. 68 403d File 1896 8 July 2 Edward VI 1548 

Cantia bte Marie infra Eccliam de Vtton Glanfyle val in. 
Redd, domus mansione diet. Cantie cu. 

pomar. eidem ptinen p. ann. 5 o 

Reddit. unius domus cu gardin. eidem 
ptin. scituat. in Wotton Glanfeld in 
tenura Henrici Randale p. ann. 6 8 



n 8 



At 14 yeres purchas ^834 

Redd, sive firma terr. dmcal. diet. Cantie 
cu omibus et singlis suis ptin; jacen. 
in Forston (Fossardeston als Forston 
in Pat. Roll) infra pochiem de 
Charmyster in tenura Robti Condene 
(Comdene) p. indentur. p. ann. 

Redd. trm. tenti. ibm cu ptin. in tenur. 
pdic. Robt. Comdene p. indent, p. 
tmio vite p. ann. 



14 DORSET CHANTRIES. 

Redd, altius (unius) tent, ibm cu suis 
ptin. in tenura Thome Miche p. cop. 
cur. p. ann. 12 

Redd, unius (alterius) tent, cu ptinen in 
tenura Johnis Sherynge p. copiam 
cur. p. ann. 9 

Redd, altius (unius) tent, ibm cu ptinen. 
in tenura Henrici Hunte p. copiam 
cur. p. ann. 7 



6 6 8 

At 24 yeres purchas ^152 o o 
The clere yerly value of the pmisses 6 18 4 

which rated at the seval yeres rates 

amounteth to l & 3 4 



Hutchins gives a short account of this Chantry, which was 
founded in Edward Ill's reign, in Vol. III. p. 748. 



Chapel in the Manor of Canford. 

Chantry 7 Roll 34(75) Nett income 10 o o 

There does not seem to be any grant of this Chapel nor any 
document shewing the source of its revenues. No. 75 of the 
Chantry Roll explains that the Manor of Canford " is my Lord 
Protectors Graces and the parsonage is the King's out of which 
parsonage the pension of 10 is paid," It must be remembered 
that Canford was a Royal Peculiar and no doubt exemption was 
made on that account. 

Hutchins mentions in Vol. III. 300 a Chapel in the mansion 
house. 



Gybbons Chantry in Lytchet Matravers. 

Chantry Roll 35 (76) 
Grant to Sherborne Free School. 

See further on under " Foundation of Schools." 
Hutchins Vol. III. 333 mentions this Chantry, but does not 
state when it was founded. 



DORSET CHANTRIES. 



Repris. viz in 
Redd, resolut. dm. Regi de et ex terr. 

pdict. annuatim 
Redd, resolut. dco. dno Regi p. sect. 

cur. p. ann. 
Redd, resolut. dco dno Regi ut de p's 

dimid. quart, frument. p. ann. 

Et reman, ultra p. ann. 



1 8 



Chantry in Lytehett Matravers. 

Chantry Roll 36 (77) Nett Income iS 6 7 

Grant to John Fowler and John Phillpot. 

22 April 6 Edward VI. 1552 
On File 1621 only. 

Terr, et possession. Cantar. de Lychett Matravers. 
Manm. de Matravers in Chilrey in com. Berks 
val. in 

Redd, libor. tenen. ibm p. ann. 4 3 

Redd, custumar. tenent. ibm p. ann. 13 66 

Firm. scit. maner. pdict. cu omibus 
edifiis terr. dmical prat, pasture et 
pastur, comodit. et pficuis pdict. 
mania ptinen. sic dimiss. Alexandro 
Fetyplace p. indentur. dat. 6to die 
Decemb, anno R. nuper Henrici 
VIII 311110 hend. a festo Sci. Michis. 
Archi. px. futur. post dat. diet, 
indentur. usq. ad finem et terrain. 
50 annor. extunc px. sequen et 
plenar. complend. reddend. inde p. 
ann. ^4 ad festum Annunc. Bte. 
Marie et Sci Mich. Arch, p, equalae 
porconae p'ut in diet, indentur. 
plenius cont. 400 

Firm duar. virgat. terr. cu. ptinen. ibm sic 
dimiss. pdict. Alexandr. Fetyplace p. 
indent, reddend. inde p. ann. 120 

Pquis. Cur. ibm coibz annis 



o o o 



18 12 9 



6 7 



Memd. that the said manor wth all other the pmysses were 
never surveid and are to be annswered to the Kings Maties use 
for thre yeres and a half ended at Michelmas anno quinto dno 
Rx. nunc Edward Sixt. Also ther be no pfetts of Courts charged 



1 6 DORSET CHANTRIES. 

aboue because their doth none appere in the Certificat made by 
Henry Leake Auditor to the Kings Majestic in the Countie of 
Dors. Also all the custumary tennts of the said manor do hold 
their copieholds for term of lyfe or lyves and customably do paye 
fynes at evy allienacon according to the customs of the manor 
their which ys unknown as yet to me for lake of the Surveie. 
Yt is thought that the fynes when they shall happen wolbe in 
value thyrtie or fortie pounns at the leaste. John Pykarell, 
Auditor. 

Hutchins gives some particulars as to this Chantrie in Vol. III. 

333- 



37 ( ) Obit Lands in this Deanery see further on. 



38 ( ) Stocks of Cattle see further on. 



DEANERY OF BRIDPORT. 
Chantry in Beaminster. 

Chantry Roll 39 (56) 6 3 4 

The following documents refer to this Chantry 
File 32 Nos 17, 51, 54b and File 33 No 33. 

Vol 258 losd. File 1731 
Lease to E. Machell (elsewhere Mitchell) 

File 33 No 33. 4 May 1564 
Pcell. terr. in manu Dne Regine existens 
virtute Actus Pliament edit. p. disso- 
lucone Cant. &c. 

Cant, fundat, p. Walter Grey arm. infra 
eccliam poch. de Beaminster valt. in 
Firm. cert, pcell terr. et prat, cu uno 
claus vocat. Estewood House dimiss. 
Johni Purchase p. indent, p. termio 
21 annorum cujus dat. est 22 die 
Marcii anno regni Rx. H. VIII 36 
reddend. inde p. ami. 394 

Firm, unius clausi pastur. cu ptin, voc. 
Kyte Crofte jacen. in Bemester pd. 
quondm in tenur. Johis Hallet et 
Willmi Cheke vel assig. suor. annualis 
redd. i 4 o 



DORSET CHANTRIES. 17 

Firm, unius cottagii cu prat, eidem 

adjacen. cu ptin. in Bemister prcd. 

quondm in tenur. Johnis Purchase 

vel assig. suis annualis redd. 13 4 

Firm, unius prati cu ptin. in Bemister 

prcd quondm in tenur. incumbens 

Cantar. pd. annualis redd. 1 3 4 

600 



The fine is 4 yeres rent. 

Before this lease, however, were two, of which one is in 
File 32, No 51, dated 9 June, 1562, to Henry Odyngselses for 
21 years, and the other in File 32, No. 546, dated 20 April, 1563, 
to George Pawlet also for 2 1 years, but for the last three items of 
the property only, amounting to 2 IDS. 8d. 

On 31 Oct., 1583, in File 32, No. 17, these three items were 
again leased to Launcelot Seborne and William Seborne, sons 
of Francis Seborne, and to Cudborowe Nyell, daughter of 
Andrew Nyell, for their lives. 

In connection with this Chantry, or some other now lost sight 
of, are three leases of lands called " the Chauntry grounde," as 
given below. The amount of rent happens to be the same 
(3 9 s - 4d.)as the first item in the lease to E. Machell (File 33, 
No. 33), but the details do not correspond to those described 
there, so presumably the following leases do not refer to the 
same Chantry. 

Lease to Thomas Hart, Joan his wief and John 
Hart their sonne. 

File 32. No. 22. 17 June 1586. 

Pcell. terr. et possess, in manibus Dne 

Regin. exist, virtute actus Pliam. 
Cert. terr. in poch. de Beamystre voc. ' le 

Chauntrie ground' valt. in 
Firm, tocius illius pastur. jacen. et existen. 
in poch. de Beamyster cont. p. 
estimac. viginti acr. ; ac unius More 
diet, pastur. adjacen. ; ac unius prati 
cont. p. estimac. un. acr. et dimid. ; 
unius claus. terr. arr. cont. p. 
estimacon un. acr. et dimid. ; ac 
totius illius claus. terr. pastur. cont. 
p. est. octo acr. ; Necnon unius prati 
cont. quatuor acr. ; que omia pmissi 
supius specificat. modo sunt vel nuper 
fuerunt voc. ' le Chauntrie ground' de 
Bemystre pd. cu cor ptin. universis 



I 8 DORSET CHANTRIES. 

sic dimiss. Hugoni. Isack, Johne 
Isack et Elizabeth Cowp. p. Iras 
paten dne Elizabeth Rne dat. apud 
West. 14 die July anno regni s. 
septimo p. tmio vite eor. successive 
et post decessu. sursmredd. cujuslibt 
dcor. Hugonis. Johanne et Elizabeth 
deceden. tenen. tune reddend. et 
solvend. dee. dne. Regine hered. et 
successor, ss. optim. averus noie 
heriott, repacon pmissor. ad omnis 
dcor. firm, fiend, reddend. inde p. 
ann. ^394 



The fine is 3 years rent. 

File 32 No. 30 7 February 1593 

Lease to William Hall, Joan his wife, late wife of 
Thomas Harte, and Hugh Harte sonne of 

Thomas Harte, for term of their lives, of same 

lands, at same rent $ 9 4 

The fine is 2 years' rents. 



File 32 No. 33 16 June 1596 

Lease to William Hall, Joan his wife and Elizabeth 
Hart, daughter of the said Joan, for three 
lives of same lands at same rent of .394 



Grant to Giles Kaylway of Strowde in parish of 
Netherbury, Dorset and William Leonard of 
Taunton, co. Somerset, merchant 

Vol. 258, losd. File 1731 7 March 3 Edw. VI. 1549 
Domus mansionis Cantarie de Beamistre, 

valet in 
Reddit. domus mansionis cum gardino et 

pomerio ibm reddend. inde p. ann. ^,34 

At i o ye res pchas i 13 4 

Hutchins Vol. II. 138 and 139 states that this Chantry was 
founded by Robert Grey of Bemystre 8 Henry IV. and gives 
some particulars. 






DORSET CHANTRIES. 1 9 

Chantry in Netherbury Founded by Thomas Powlet. 

Chantry Roll 40(57) 
Granted to the Free School at Netherbury 

See further on under "Foundations of Schools." 
Hutchins refers to this School in Vol. III. 1 17 & 146. 



Free Chapel of St. James in Kingston Russell. 

Chantry Roll, 41 (63) Gross income 10 6 8 

Rents resolute 215 4 

Nett Income 7 n 4 

Grant to Giles Kehvay of Strowde co. Dorset Gent, 
and William Leonard of Taunton, co. Somerset, 
Merchant 

Vol. 258, 105. File 1731. 7 March 3 Edw. VI. 1549. 
Libra Capella de Kingston (Russell) valet in 

Firm, unius ten. cum 30 ac. terr. arr. 

et pastur. in ten. Willi M'ten p. 

ann. 40 o 

Firm, altius ten. in Kingston cum 22 ac. 

terr. arr. pt. et past, eidem ptin. in ten. 

pd. Willmi M'ten p. ann. 33 4 

Firm, unius cli. pastur. ibm. conten. p. 

estimac. 30. ac. in tenur. Ric. Gilbert 

capellani p. ann. 40 o 

Firm. un. ten. ibm. cum 1 6 acr. terr. eidm 

ptin. in tenur. pd. Win. M'ten p. 

ann. 26 8 

Firm alt. ten. ibm cum 12 acr. terr. arr. 4 

acr. past, et 3 acr. prat, in tenur. 

Ricardi Gilbert p. ann. 26 8 

Firm. uni. io ma et oblac. diet. libe. Capell 

ptin. in tenur. pd. Ric. Gilbert et 

Willi Marten p. ann. 40 o 



10 6 8 

Repris. 
Redd, resolut dno Regi r'one dissol. nup. 

Monast. de Cerne p. ann 53 4 extingat 



DORSET CHANTRIES. 



Redd, resolut de R'cori de Whitchurch 
pporcone io as in Kingston p. ann. 



Et valet clare p. ann. 10 4 8 
At 22 yeres purchas ^225 2 8 

Mm that theare be not sufficient woods and trees growinge 
uppon the pmysses to repayer the howses and mantayne the 
hedges and fences of the same. P. me Galfrid Gate. 

Hutchins gives some details as to this Chapel Vol. II. 192. 



The Free Chapel of St. Luke's Sterthill in Burton 
Bradstoek. 

Chantry Roll 42 (65) Nett Income 4. o o 



Grant to William Fountain and Richard Mayne. 

Vol. 259, 179. File 1620. 3 Edw. VI. 1549 

Liba. Capella de Sterthill, val. in 

Reddit. unius cli. voc. St. Lukes close et 
alt. cli. voc. La Fursey close in 
Nethersterthill, ac vestur. 2 acr. pt. 
in Berwicke meade p. ami. 13 4 



At 22 yeres purchas ,14 13 4 

Memor, that the said chapell is scituate in a close called St. 
Lukes close wh. is above rated among other at 135 4d by the 
yere, and that there is no other lands apteining to the said Free 
chapel then is above specified. 

In File 1620 the above particulars are given rather more fully, 

as follows, 

Dom. mancionis cu. duobz pvis claus. ac vestura 2 acrs pti pcell 
possession. Libe Capelle de Sterthill val. in 
Firm, domus mancionis dee Libe Capelle 
cu pvo orto ordin. ptinen. ac cu duobus 
pvis claus. vocat. Seynt Lukes close et 
Furseyclose in Nethersterthill et vestur. 2 
acrae pti. in Berwick meade in tenura 
Henrici Browne reddend. inde p. ann. 13 4 



At 22 years' purchas 14. 13 4 



DORSET CHANTRIES. 



21 



Memo, that there is no other lands apptenynge unto the sayd 
Free Chappell of Sterthill then is above specyfyed except 535 4d 
wch ryseth yerly in tythes and that ther is no woods nor under- 
woods grewyng upon the premisses. 

Liba Capella de Sterthill val. in 

Redd, porcon. quarusdem io mor . pven. 

de cert. terr. in tenur. Johnis Smythe 

in Sterthill pdict. p. ann. 5 o 

Redd, pporc. ut de 3m pte io mor . pven. 

de manor, de Berwik p. ann. 1 1 o 

Redd, quardm icm. feni in Berwike 

Meade comunibus annis 2 6 

Redd, porcois quardm lorn. pven. de 

quadam firm. voc. Bredy fermor 

(Fearme) p. ann. 20 o 

Redd, quardm loin. pven. de quadm (una) 

past, voc Nethersterthill in tenur. 

Robti Derbie Et de uno prat, coibuz 

annis 5 o 

Redd, ut p. lorn, agnorum et lane pven. 

de firm. voc. Greveston p. ann. 15 o 

Redd. p. lorn. garb, et feni ejusd. firme p. 

ann. 8 o 



(Should be) 
but called 

At 20 yers purchas 66 13 4 
Totals 



["he following entry is crossed out 
Cant. Capella de Sterthill valt. in 

Lapid. et mearu. dci Capell. infra poch. 
de Bredy 



3 6 6 
3 6 8 



13 4 
3 6 8 

4 o o 



22 



Hutchins vol. II. 286 col. I. gives an account of this Free 
Chapel ; but it is rather badly expressed, and would have been 
better if after " Graveston " the words " in this parish " had been 
inserted, and all that follows down to ' Trent co. Somerset ' had 
been deleted, since the Bridport Chantries and the lands in 
Worcester, Wilts, Devon and Somerset dp not belong to the 



22 DORSET CHANTRIES. 

Free Chapel of Sterthill, though it is quite true that all these 
properties were granted to Fountain and Mayne. 

I have in my possession an Inspeximus of these Chantry 
lands made the 29 May 40 Eliz. (1598) which agrees exactly 
with the above grant, total 4. o o, and a lease for 1 2 years from 
Nicholas Darby of Sturthill, yeoman to John Hodder of 
Chideock, gent, of the tythes, dated 22 August 1598. 



Free Chapel of St. Ellen in Chillfrome. 

Chantry Roll 43 (66) Nett income 6 7 o 

Grant to Giles Keylway and William Leonard. 

File 1731 only, not in Vols. 67, 68, 258, or 259. 

7 March 3 Edw. VI 1 549 

Liba Capell. Ste Elene de Childfrome, valt. in 

Reddit. dom. mansion cu um clo. pastur. 
jac. jux. capell. pd. in tenur. Walti 
Fawne ad voluntad. reddend. inde p. 
ann. 10 o 

Redd. 2 claus. pastur. et Le more cont. 
14 acr. in tenur. Rici. Synge ad 
voluntatem reddend. inde p. ann 20 o 

Redd. I cli. voc. Goldhay jacen. in 
Occident, pte. de Slowlane cont. 
2 acr. ; 2 claus. pti. voc. le 
Brodecloses cont. 5 acr. ; 3 rods 
terr. jac. apud Slowlane ; I ac. jac. 
exoppos. Goldhaistyle ; 2 acr. jac. in 
borial. pte de Longslade ; 2 acr. jac. 
in borial. pte. de Woodhaishedg ; 
I claus. pastur. jacen. jux. coiam ibm 
voc. Tollercomon et vocat. Catley 
cont. 5 ac. ; 2 acr. terr. jac. sup. 
Frogmanshill ; I acr. terr. silit ibm ; 

1 acr. dd. in tribus pcell. subtus. 
Frogmanshill ; 3 pcell terr. apud 
Shepebrydge Furlong cont. I acr. ; 

2 pcell terr. jac. apud Marks Style 
Furlong cont. dium. acr. q. omia. jac. 
in camp, occiden ; I acr. terr. apud 
Swoloclyff ; I acr. terr. jac. apud 
Wysestyche ; I di. acr. terr. jac. 



bORSET CHANTRIES. 



apud le Hadd de Swalowclyff ; I di. 
acr. jac. in orien. pte de Swalowclyff ; 
I acr. terr. jac. ibm. ; di. acr. terr. 
apud Bekerley ; I acr. di. apud 
Marlepytt ; 3 rod terr. jac. in austral, 
pte. de Marlepytt ; I acr. terr. jac. in 
austral, pte. ; I prt. voc. Androwes 
meade et voc. Furse acr. ; I pcell. 
terr. jac. apud Wanebroke cont. di. 
acr. p. estimac. ; I pcell. prt. voc. 
Petishm ubi 2 cumulos feni ptin. 
tenen. et I ptin. tenen. Thome More 

cont. p. estimac I acr. ; 2 pcell. 

pti. apud Holyrysegate cont. di. rod 
pti et I pcell. pti. jac. apud 
Taddepole cont. di. rod dimiss. Rico. 
Hoskyns p. indent, p. timo vit. 
reddend. inde p. ami. 



Repris. 

Redd, resolut. Dno. Reg. ducat, s. 
Lancastrie p. ann. 1 2d. 




Valet clare p. ann. 2 1 6 8 

At 22 yeres purchas 62 6 8 

Mm. that theare be not suffycient woodds and trees growinge 
uppon the pmysses to repayer the howses and mantayne the 
hedges and fencs of the same. p. me Galfrid Gate. 



This grant does not account for the whole of the income. 
Hutchins Vol. II. 642 describes this Chantry and its 
Foundation. 

The building of the Chapel itself was valued at 403., but it is 
not very clear to whom it was sold. In Vol. 258, 93 it is stated 
to be sold to Thomas Gravesend and Thomas Sayle amongst 
other lands, but it does not appear on the Patent Roll or on the 
Files of Particulars in their names. 

Vol. 258. 93. 
Capella Saint Helena de Chilfrome. 

De lapidibus construct, ac cum tegulis 
coopt. quequidm. capcll. val. ad 
vendend. 40 o 



24 DORSET CHANTRIES. 

Free chapel of Corton in Portesham* 

Chantry Roll 44 (67) Nett income ^400 

Grant to John Doddington and William Warde of 
London, gents. 

Vol. 67, 13 File, 1582 24 Dec. 3 Edw. VI. 1549 

Liba. Capella de Corton val. in 

Reddit. unius cli. pastur. contin. p. 
estimac. dimid. acr. cum omibus. 
decimis oblacoibus &cetis pficuis 
eidem pertin. sic dimiss. Johne Baylie 
pro timo 21 annor. p. ident. dat. 
primo die Februar. anno regni Dni 
Rx. nunc Edwardi Sexti primo redd, 
inde p. ann. 4. o o 

Which rated at 22 yeres 96 o o 
Hutchins mentions this Chapel in Vol II. 762. 



Chantry called Clapton's in Abbotsbury. 

Chantry Roll, No. 45 (64) Income ^584 

Grant to Nicholas and Roger Prideaux. 

File 1890 only. 12 April 3 Edw. VI. 1549 

Pcell. Cantie de Abbury voc. Clapton's Chauntrie 
valt. in 

Redd, domus mansionis cu uno pvo. 

gardino ibm p. Ann. i 8 



At 10 yeres purchas 16 8 

Memo that there is no other lands appteyning to the Chauntrye 
called Clapton's Chauntrye but the sayd Manor house with the 
garden above specyfed. 

Hutchins Vol. II. 720 states that this Chantry was founded by 
Sir Walter Clopton. 

The Chantry Roll No. 64 explains that the stipend to the 
incumbent was paid by the King out of the possessions of the 
late Monastery of Abbotsbury because it was founded within 
(Hutchins by mistake has ' without') the Monastery. 



DORSET CftANTRlES. 25 

The Free Chapel of Wytherston. 

Chantry Roll 46 (68) Nett income z 13 4 

It will be seen by reference to No. 68 in the Chantry Roll that 
William Mone (or Moyne) alleged that this was a parsonage and 
not a Free Chapel, and it is to be supposed that his contention 
was upheld, as there appears to be no sale of the property, and 
the list of rectors is continuous to this day. See Hutchins, 
Vol. II., 199. 



The Chapel of Wambrook. 

Chantry Roll No. 47 (69) Nett income 7 4 4 

This chapel is stated by Henry Stapull in the Chantry Roll 
No. 69 to be a parsonage and not a chapel, and apparently it was 
allowed to be one, as there is no sale recorded, and the rectors 
are continuous to the present time (see Hutchins, Vol. II., 152), 
though, curiously enough, Henry Stapull's name does not appear 
among them. 



Chantry of St. Michael called Mondayne's Chantry in 
Bridport. 



Chantry roll 48 (59) 



Gross income 12 14 9 
5 3 



Nett income 12 9 6 



(i) Grant to William Fountayne and Richard 
Mayne. 

Vol. 259. 179. File 1620. 3 Edw. VI, 1549 

Capella Sci. Mi. voc. Moundens Chantry val. in 

Lapid. et mearem die. capell. infra 

pochiam de Birtport i o o 



Pcell. Cantar. Sci. Ms. voc. in Moundayns in 
Birtporte val. in 

Redd. un. burgagii ibm ptinen. dimiss. 
Thome Charde voc. Girtoppes p. 
ind. p. ami. 



26 t>6RSET CHANTRIES. 

Repris. 

Redd, resolut. ballivior. burg, de Britport 
ut pcell. feod. firm ejusdem ville p. 
ann. 



15 9 
At 10 yeres pchas j 17 9 



Memor. ther is no other land apptening to the burgage 
aforsaid then is above specified (and there is no woods upon 
the premysses) 

(2) Grant to Nicholas Prideaux and Roger Prideaux. 

File 1890 only 12 April 3 Edw. VI 1549 

Pcell. Cantie Sci. Michis. voc. Mondaynes Chauntry val. in 
Firm, domus mansionis, pomar. cu. ptin. 
in Bryttporte cu. domo ruinos. 
reddend. inde p. ann. 3 o 

At 10 yeres pchas \ 10 o 



(3) Grant to William Morice and Edward Isaack. 

Vol. 259, 292. File 1 80 1 10 June 4 Edw. VI 1550 
Pcell. Cant, de Mondayne in Birport pdic. val. in 
Reddit. unius burgag. ibm cum ptin. 

dimiss. Thome Chard p. ind. p. ann. 16 o 

Repris. in 

Reddit. resolut. ballivior. ville de Birport 
ut pcell. (feod) firm, ejusdem ville 
(exeund. de tent, pdc.) p. ann. 4 



At 10 yeres pchase 7 16 8 

Pcell. Cant. voc. Mondayns Chantry in Birport val. in 
Redd, unius burgag. ibm dimiss. Willmo 

Charde p. inden. (p. termio annor. p. 

ann.) 13 4 

Firm. un. burgag. ibm dimiss. Rico. 

Furlock p. inden. (p. termino annor. 

p. ann.) 20 o 



At 10 yeres pchas 16 13 4 



bORSET CHANTRIES. 

Pcell. Cant. Sci. Michis in Mondaynes in Bretport val. in 
Redd, unius ten. cum ptin. in Waldiche 

dimiss. Thome Noster p. indent (p. 

termio. annor. reddendo inde p. ann.) 
Redd. duor. ten. cum ptin. in Bradpole 

dimiss. Willmo Tanner p. ind. 

(reddend. inde p. ann.) 



*7 



12 



12 



Repris. 

Redd, resolut. Due Thorn. Howard mil. 
filie Ducis Norf. pdict. terr. in 
Bradpole (annuati.) 



i 4 o at 10 yeres pchas 12 o o 
Repris. 2.0 at 20 ,,200 

Rem. 10 o o 



4 o 



2 O 



2 O 



Redd. 2 acr. terr. arr. in Burton (reddend. 
inde p. ann.) 

At 22 yeres pchas - 18 4 



icd 



(4) Grant to John Wright and Thomas Holmes. 

File 2102 only. 17 March 7 Edw. VI 1553 

Pcell. Cantie Sci. Michis vocat. Mundens Chauntrie 
in Byrtport infra eccliam poch. ibm fundat. 
val. in 

Firm, unius burgagii cum tribus acr. terr. 
arrab. ac curtillag. et gardino eidem 
burgag. adjacen. cu. oibz et singlis 
ptinen. scituat. in occidental, vico 
vill. de Birtport pd. inter burgag. 
cant, de Mountforts ex pte orientli et 
venellam voc. Wyks lane ex pte 
occiden. sic dimiss. Robto Balston p. 
indentur. dat. 20 die Decemb. 
Anno Regni nup. R. Henricii VIII 
26. p. timino 40 annor. reddend. 
inde p. ann. 15 o 



At 23 yeres pchas 



28 DORSET CHANTRIES. 

Memor. that the premisses is not pcell of any manner nor 
lieth nere any his Graces pks forests or chases or nere any hous 
resued (i.e. reserved) by a keeper for the accesse of his Highness 
by the distaunce of 8 miles, nor that there is no land belonging 
to the said tenement. 



(5) Lease to Robert Pytfold. 

File 31, 7 only 10 Dec 7 Eliz. 1564 

Pcell terr. in manu Dne Regine existen. racone 
Actus Pliament edit. p. dissol. Colleg. Cant. &c. 
Pcell. Cant. Sci Michis. vocat. Mundayns Chauntry 
infra eccl. de Birtport val. in 

Redd, et firm, unius tent. cu. s. ptin. 
jacen. in Athelyngton modo vel 
nuper in tenur. Margaret Peryan p. 
ind. p. ann. 12 o 

Redd, et firm, unius al. tent, in 
Athelyngton pdi cu s. ptin. modo 
vel nup. in tenur. Willmi Howncell 

p. ind. p. ann. 8 o 



Lease to Robert Pytfold for 2 1 yeres. Fyne at 4 yeres rent. 

(6) Lease to John Cleves 

tile 32, 4 only 22 Jan. 7 Eliz. 1564 65 

Pcell. terr. in manu Dne Reg. existens virtute 

Actus Pliament edit. p. dissoluc. Cant. &c. 
Pcell. Cant. voc. Mundens Chauntrie infra villam 
de Bridporte, val. in 

Redd, unius Burgag. ac un. garden, 
adjac. cont. un. rod. cu ptin. in 
Bridport dimiss. Henr. Carrington 
als Meriante, Jacobo fri. s. et 
Johanne uxi. s. p. cop. cur. dat. 
24 die Aprilis anno R. E. VI 5to p. 
tmio vite eor. sucessive sub fine 2 
reddend. inde p. ann. 6 o 

Firm. un. acr. terr. jacen. in venell. voc. 
" Michells lane" et 2 pec. terr. cont. 
p. est. di. acr. jacen. in borial. et 
austra. ppe. ibm cum eor. ptin. 

in Bridporte dimiss. Johi Baker et 
assign, s. p. inden. dat. 9 die Dec. ao 
R. Henr. VIII 37 p. tmio 40 annor. 
reddend. inde p. ann. 7 o 



DORSET CHANTRIES. 29 

Firm, unius Burgag. in Bridport et un. 
gardin. eidem adjacen. cont. p. est. 
di. acr. cum ptin. sic dimiss. dco Johi 
Baker et assig. s. p. inden. dat. ultm. 
Julij anno reg. Rx Henr. VIII 330 p. 
tm. 40 annor. sub fine 2 reddend. 
inde p. ann. 6 8 

19 8 
.ease to John Cleves for 2 1 years. The fine at 4 yeres rent. 

(7) Lease to Christopher Symmes for 21 years. 

File 31, 38, only. 17 March 17 Eliz. 1575 

Terr, et possession, in manu Dne. Reg. existen. 

virtute Actus Pliament, &c. 

Pcell. Cant. voc. Mundens Chauntry in Burporte et 
St. Katherines ibm val. in 

Redd, unius burgag. in Burporte modo 

vel nup. in tenur. Walti Fourde p. ann 7 o 

Redd, altius burgag. ibm nup. in tenur. 

Jois Style p. ann. 5 o 

Redd, altius burgag. ibm in tenur. Robti 

Tryptre, p, ann. 6 o 

Redd, altius burgag. ibm in tenur. Joanne 

Deverell p. ann. i 8 

Redd, altius burgag. ibm in tenur. Xpoferi 

Bettescombe p. ann. 3 4 

Redd, altius burgag. ibm in tenur Xpoferi 

Collens p. ann. 6 8 

Redd, altius burgag. ibm in ten Rici 

Collyns p. ann. 5 o 

Redd, altius burgag. ibm in Athlington in 

tenur. Johis Peria. p. ann. 12 o 

Redd, altius burgag. ibm in tenur. Johis 

Jellet p. ann. 6 o 

Redd, altius burgag. ibm in tenur. Roberti 

Pacie p. ann. 8 o 

Redd, altius burgag. ibm in tenur. Nichi 

Egardon p. ann. 7 o 



3 7 



(8) Grant to Lord Cheney. 

File 2312 only. 14 Nov. 18 Eliz. 1576 

Pcella terr. in manibus Dne Regine racone Actus 

Pliamenti edct. p. dissolucone Cantar. et al. 

humodi in dco com. (Dors.) 



30 DORSET CHANTRIES. 

Pcell. Cantar. voc. Mundeynes in villa de Bidporte, 
val. in 

Redd, et firm, unius burgagii et unius 

gardini adjacen. cont. di. rod. in 

Bridporte pd. sic nup. concess. 

Henrico Boies et Andreo filio ss. p. 

cop. cur. dat. 17 die Sept. anno Rx. 

E. VI quarto reddend. p. ann. 
Redd, unius Burgag. cu. gardino cont. di. 

rod. cu. ptin. in Bridporte pd. sic. 

nup. dimiss. Thome Charde, Alic. ux. 

ejus et Alic. Hallett p. cop. cur. dat. 

scdo. die Julii anno Rx. E. VI 710 ad 

termin. vite eor. reddend. inde p. 

ann. 



4 8 



Rate of purchas not stated. 

On the last membrane of this File is a list (including above) 
of lands delivered by Her Majesty in recompense of the lands 
receyved of the said Lord Cheney. 



(9) Lease to Christopher Symmes. 

File 31, 37, only. 20 Dec. 20 Eliz. 1577 

This is a lease for 50 years and is exactly the same as 
File 31, 38, with the addition of 
Redd, omni burgag. ibm (Burport) nup. 

in ten. Tho. Charde p. ann. 19 8 

Which with the others already enumerated 3 7 8 

Make a total of \ 7 4 

At the foot is the following memorandum : 

Md. the premisses lye in the Borough of Burporte and have 
no lands belonging unto them, and are nowe in greate decaye 
and no tymber ther for theyre mayntenaunce of ther repayre, 
neverthelesse this bearer will content sufficiently to repaire them 
to have a lease with consideration of yeres. 



(10) Lease to John Ford, Hugh Ford & William 

Ford, for term of their three lives. 

File 32, 14. only. 8 Feb. 22 Eliz. 1579-80 

Pcell. terr. et poss. in manibus Dne. Regine 

existen. racone Actus Pliament. &c. 



DORSET CHANTRIES. 

Pcell. Cantar. voc. Mundaynes Chauntry in 
Birteporte val. in 

Firm, unius tent, cu suis pten. scituat. et 
existen. in Athelington in dco. com. 
(Dorset) nup. pcell. Cantar. Sci 
Michel, vocat. Mundaynes Chauntry 
infra villam sive burg, de Birport als 
Britteport et modo vel nup. in tenur. 
sive occupacone Willmi Charde vel 
assign, suor. p. inden. pro termio 
anno, reddend. inde p. ann. 



1 



The premisses are not entered in chardge before me, yet 
neuertheless I fynde uppon searche the same (not, omitted ?) to 
be certified in the Booke of Survey of the Chaunteries in the 
seu. Countie and for what cause omitted in the Record I know 
not 

Willm Neale, Auditor. 
Rated at 4 yeres rent 6 4 o 



(n) Lease to Andrew Pytfold, Bastian Pitfold 
and John Pitfold for term of their lives 
successively. 

File 32, 13 only 16 May 22 Eliz. 1580 

Pcell. terr. et. poss. in man. Due Reg. nunc 

existens virtute Actus &c. 

Pcell. Cantar. Sci Michis. voc Mundaynes Chauntrie 
in Bridport val in 

Firm, unius cotagii cu ptin. in Athlington 
in co. Dors, quondam in tenur. Johne. 
Dier vid. sic dimiss. Wm. Hounsell 
(mort.) et Alic. uxor. ejus (mort.) ac 
Rogero (mort.) et Andree filius eor. 
p. scriptu. indent. Jacobi Kipas et 
Johis Yewyn quondam capellan. 
Cantar. Sci Michis. de Mundens in 
Bridport pd. dat. 4 Maii anno regni 
nup. Rx. Hen. VIII 10 hendum 
statim cu post mortem sursumredd. 
aut fores, pd. Johnne Dier accidere 
contigerit pfat. Willo. Alicie. Andree 
et Rogero pro termio vite eor. et 
unius eor. vivent. reddend. inde p. 
ann. 8 o 



The fine rated at 3 yeres rent. 



32 DORSET CHANTRIES. 

Resume" of rents of Mondaynes Chantry. 

100 Stones and Wood 



1 5 8 Regrant of part of No i 



ant JN 


O. I 









i 


15 


9 




2 


3 







3 









3 


i 13 


4 




3 


I 2 







3 




IO 




4 


15 


o 




5 


I O 


o 




6 


19 


8 




7 


3 7 


8 




8 


4 


8 




9 


19 


8 




9 









10 


i ii 







1 1 


8 


o 






378 Regrant of part of No. 7 



13 



This total is larger than that given in the Chantry Roll, No. 48 
(59) viz. 12 9 6, perhaps some of the items had improved in 
value by the time they were granted or leased. 



Hospital of St. John the Baptist in Bridport. 



Chantry Roll 49 (61 



Nett Income 



1 9 8 



Granted to Nicholas Prideaux and Roger Prideaux. 

12 April 3 Edw. VI. 1549 

Vol. 68, 272. (Only the first item* is given at this reference 
and no purchaser's name.) 

File 1890. 

Hospit. St. John Bapte in Brytporte 
*Domus mansionis predict, hospital sive 
Cantar. val. in 

Firm, domus mansionis predict, 
hospital, sive Cantar. cum uno 
parvo gardino et pomar. ac 
uno parvo claus. eidem adjac. 
capell. in tenur. Robti Chard 
nup. incumben. ibm p. aim. 6 8 

In Vol 68. 262 is the following, " M. that this was graunted by 
My L(ord) P(rotector) where for it is to stand till the charge be 
determined." 



DORSET CHANTRIES. 



33 



Firm, unius domus voc. a Rope- 
house in tenur. Thome Warde 
p. ann. 

Firm, unius domus in australi vico 
in ville de Birtport in tenur. 
Johis Miller als. Hellier p. 
ann. 

Firm, altius domus in australi vico 
pdco. in tenur. Marg. Mynson 
p. ann. 

Firm, unius molend. aquatic, ibm 
valde ruin, et in decas. nup. in 
tenur. Henrici Waye p. ann. 



At 10 yeres purchas $2 16 8 

Firm, unius claus. et unius acr. di. 
pti. jacen. in Porte Meade 
infra poch. de Symesboroughe 
p. ann. 6 8 

Firm, unius gardini in Birtporte 
pd. in tenur. Thome Buckerell 
p. ann. i o 

Firm, unius tenti. cu. gardin eidem 
ptin. jacen. in occidentli vico 
de Birtporte pd. in tenur. 
Willmi Charde p. ann. i 8 

Firm, unius gardin. jacen. in vico 
pcdo. in tenur. Willmi Helyar 
p. ann. i o 

At 20 yeres purchas 10 6 8 

Firm, unius pvi. pcelle terr. jacen. 

in poch. de Waldysh in tenur. 

Willmi Nocytor p. ann. 3 

Firm, unius pcell. terr. jacen. in 

poch. de Bradypolle jux. 

pontem orient, de Byrporte in 

tenur. Willmi Norys p. ann. i o 

Firm, unius tent. cu. s. ptin. in 

Shepton cont. p. estimac. 

3 acr. pastur. et 6 acr. terr. 

arrabil. in tenur. Thome 

Hodge p. ann. 6 8 



8 o 

4 o 

400 
5 5 8 



10 4 



34 DORSET CHANTRIES. 

Firm, unius pcell. terr. arrabil. 

jacen. in poch. de Burton 

cont. p. estim. 4 acr. in tenur. 

Bernardi Graffe p. aim. 4 o 

Firm. 2 acr. terr. jacen. in magno 

claus. jux. Porteman feld in 

tenur. Robti Newton p. ann. i o 

Firm 8 acr. terr. arrabil. cu. uno 

pvo. claus. in poch. de 

Waldyche in tenur. Nichi. 

Blumpyng p. ann. 6 8 

At 20 yeres purchas ig n 8 19 7 

6 15 7 
Repris. in 

Reddit. resolut. Ball, ville de 
Britport ut pcella feod. firm, 
ejusdm ville 6 8 

Et Dno. Regi ex molend. pet. in 
jure nup. Mon. de Christ- 
churche in com. South. 10 o 
At 10 yeres purchas 8 6 8 16 8 

Reman, clare ultra repris. p. ann. ^"5 1 8 1 1 

Memor. that ther ar no power people in this Hospitall for 
thimcumbent therof yerely receyved the pfitts towards his own 
fyndyng, and that the Mylne is all decayed, and the tenements 
in Brydporte have no lands apptenyng to them and also that ther 
is no other lands apptaynyng to the said hospitall then is above 
menconed And that there is no woodds nor underwoods growing 
upon the pmysses nor any pcell therof 

Hutchins in Vol. II. 19-21 gives a long and interesting 
account of this Hospital, and quotes deeds of gift to it. 



Fraternity of the Blessed Mary within the Parish 
Church of Bridport. 

Chantry Roll No. 50 (60) Net income (?) ^"540 

Grant to William Moryce and Edward Isaacke 

Vol. 259. 292. File 1801 10 June 4 Edw. VI 1550 

Fraternit Bte Marie infra eccliam poch. de Birtport 
in com Dors. valt. in 

Redd. un. tenem. ibm in tenur. Johnne 

Hallet vid. p. ann 8 o 




DORSET CHANTRIES. 35 

Redd. un. ten. ibm in tenur. Johne Dally 

(vidue reddend. inde p. ann.) 10 o 

Redd. un. ten. ibm (cu. ptinen) in tenur. 

Rici Bishoppe (reddend. inde p. ann). 10 o 

Redd, unius ten. cum ptinen. ibm (modo 

vel nup.) in tenur. Johnis Pinpon 

(reddend. inde) p. ann. 13 4 



Repris. 

In redd, resolut. divers, pson. exeun. de 
ten. pdict. viz. Johne Hallet 3d. ; 
Johne Dally 3d. ; Rici Bisshop 3d. : 
John Pinpon 4|d. 



At io yeres purchas 20 2 10 (sic) 

Although the Chantry Roll at No. 60 distinctly says that there 
were no lands attached to this Chantry, but only a little house 
with a garden, value 35. 4d., the Commissioners seemed to have 
found at all events houses to the value of 2 os. 2^d. per annum 
which they sold. The income of $ 43. as given by the 
Chantry Roll is thus only partially accounted for. 

Hutchins Vol. II. 29, mentions this Fraternity and gives date 
of foundation and other particulars gathered from the archives of 
Bridport, which that town is most fortunate in possessing. 



Hospital fop Lepers called Mary Magdalen in 
Athling-ton near Bridport. 

Chantry Roll 51 (62) Nett Income 684 



Grant to Giles Railway and William Leonard. 

Vol. 258 io5d. File 1731. 7 March 3 Edw. VI. 1549 
Domus hospitalis Leprosor. Bte Marie 
Magdalene in Actlington ppe. vill. de 
Birport, val. in 

Firm, unius mansionis ejusdem 
dom. in qua capellan. ibm 
inhit. p. ann. 2 o 

At 10 yeres pchas \ o o 



Firm, unius pvi. cli. in occiden. 
pte dee domus lepros. in ten. 
Rici. Hacker p. ann 



36 DORSET CHANTRIES. 

Firm, unius mess. voc. " The 

Mawdelen ferme " cum cert. 

terr. eidem ptin. in tenur. 

Thome Charde p. ind. p. arm. 40 o 
Firm, unius cli. pastur. cont. 33 

acr. terr. in poch. de Britport 

in ten. pcdt. Thome Charde 

p. ann. 38 8 

Firm, unius pec. pastur. in 

Acthlington in tenur. Willmi 

Welborne p. ind. p. ann. 16 4 

Firm, unius cli. ibm cont. p ; estm. 

1 8 acr. terr. in tenur. Willmi. 

Charde p. ann. 26 8 66 



At 22 yeres pchas ,138 19 4 6 8 4 

Memor. that there is no other lands apptenning to the said 
Hospitall then is above specified. This Hospital was ordeyned 
for the relief of lepars and lazar men and one prest to shrive 
them, the pfights wherof the prest hath and receyveth for his 
salary and the poore men lyveth by almes of the towne and 
other. 

Note as to the Woods on File 1731. 

Certen lands and tenemts in Acthlington and neare Burporte 
in the sev'al tenures of Richard Hacker, Thomas Charde, Wyllm 
Welbourne, and Wyllm Charde pcell of the late Leper Howse of 
our blyssed Ladye in Athlington. Mem. that there be not 
suffycient woods and trees growinge uponn the pmysses to 
repayer the howses and mantayne the hedges and fencs of the 
same. 

The following is from a Parliamentary Survey taken in the 
Commonwealth period : 

DORSET No. 2. 
A certeine Messuage and Lands called 

THE CHAUNTRY OF MAGDALEN IN ATHLINGTON 
IN DORSETT. 

Rec d the 3i th of May 1653 Transmitted to the S r veyo r G'rall the 

same day 

Dorsett Chantry Lands in Athlington with the apptences 

A Survey of a Certaine Messuage and Lands with the apptences 
comonly called Magdalens Chantry Scituat lyeing and being in 



DORSET CHANTRIES. 37 

Ashlington nigh Bridport in the Countye of Dorsett Late pcell 
of the possessions of Charles Stuart late King of England made 
and taken by us whose names are hereunto subscribed by vertue 
of a Comission graunted to us by the Hono ble the Trustees 
appointed by Act of the Comons assembled in Parliament for 
sale of the Hono s Manno rs and Landes heretofore belonging unto 
the late King Queene and Prince under theire hands and scales 

All that Messuage or Tenement with the Apptenances scituate 
lying and being in Ashlington abovesaid in the Countye of 

I Dorsett consisting of five Roomes belowe stayers and five 
Chambers above stayers, with a Barne Stable and other necessarie 
out houses with yards Gardens and Orchards there to adioyneing 
conteyneing by estimation two acres more or less all which we 
value to be worth ,p ann 02 : o : o x' : 

All that close of arable grownde called or knowne by the name 
of the Home close or the five acres lyeing and being in 
Athlington aforesaid abutted on the East by the lands of Robert 
Pittfold of Sharston, on the South by the Orchard, Reeke-barton 
and Gardens above mencioned, towards the West by the Lands 
of Mr. Eaton parson of the Pish of Bridport abovesaid. And on 

I the North by the Lands of the said Robert Pittfold Conteyneing 
by Estimacon five acres and a halfe more or less which we value 
to be worth p. ann. 05 : 2 : oo vij u : v s : viij d 

All that other close of arable ground called or known by the 
name of the five acres under the hill lyeing and being in 
Athlington aforesaid Abutted on the East by the Lands of the 
aforesaid Robert Pittfold and the arable close before abutted on 
the South by the Lands of the said Mr. Eaton on the West by 
the lands of Sebastian Pittfold. And on the North by the lands 

I of Richard Symes conteyneing by Estimacon five acres more or 
less which we value to be worth p anno. 05 : o : oo v 11 

All that peece or p'cell of Meadow and arable grownde called 
or knowne by the name of the West Meade, at it is severed and 
devided in fowre severall lyeing and being in Athlington abutted 
on the East by Athlington hill in the possession of Richard 
Symes and the lands of Sebastian Pittfold on the South by the 
Highway leading from Bridport towards Excester, on the West 
the lands of Mr. Hardy of Symsburie And on the North by the 
lands of Robert Pittfold and the lands of John Bayliff conteyneing 
by estimaccon twelve acres more or less which we value to be 
worth p ann 12:0:00 xij 1 ' 

All those two Closes of Meadowe grownd called or knowne by 
the name of Magdalens Meads lyeing and being in Athlington 
aftbresaid abutted on the East by the Meadowe grounds belong- 
ing to one Mr. Gibbs on the South by the lands belonging to 



38 CORSET CHANTRIES. 

the Lady Bewchamp on the West by the Meadowe grownds in 
the possession of John Hallett And on the North by the Highway 
leading from Bridport to Exon afforesaid conteyneing by . 
estimacon eight acres more or less which wee value to be worth 
p ann. 08 : o : oo xvj u 

All those two Closes of Arable grownde called or known by 
the name of the North meld lyeing and being in Athlington 
afforesaid abutted on the East by the Lands of Richard Symes 
on the South by the Highway leading from Athlington towards 
Dotters Chappell on the West by the lands of Thomas Paine and 
on the north by the lands of the Widd Trivett and the lands of 
Sebastian Pittfold conteyneing by estimacon twelve acres more 
or less which we value to be worth p ann 12. o. o. viii 1 ' 

All that Close of Arable Grownde called or knowne by name 
of the fower acres lyeing and being in Athlington afforesaid 
Abutted on the East by the Lands of the Widdow Trivett before 
mencioned on the South by the Lands of Mr. Richard Waden on 
the West by the Lands of Richard Symes And on the North 
by the lands of the said Richard Symes and M Brodripp 
conteyneing by estimacon foure acres and a half more or less 
which we value to be worth p ann. 0.4 : 2 : oo ( >// '0 

All those two Closes of Arable and pasture called or knowne 
by the name of the Dower ffeilds lyeing and being in Athlington 
afforesaid abutted on the East and South by the Lands of 
Elizabeth Waye widdowe on the West by the Lands of John 
Bayliff before named and on the North by the lands of the 
afforemencioned Richard Symes conteyneing by estimacon 
fourteene acres more or less which wee value to be worth p ann 

14 : o : oo xj u vij s (?) vj d ? 

And all wayes passages Liberties privileges Easmentes 
Imunities Jurisdiction pfitts Emoluments Comodities Advantages 
and Apptences whatsoever to the said Messuage and severall 
pcells of Land belonging or in anywise appteyneing or which 
have been heretofore used occupied and enioyed as pte or pcell 
of them or any of them. 

Memorandum we find the said Messuage and severall pcells of 
Land thereto belonging with the appcences in the tenure and 
occupacon of Richard Paine whoe holds the same by Lease for 
Lives from one Mr. Roger Gallop of Southampton But what 
Right or title the said Mr. Gallop hath in the pmisses whe 
knowe not, for as much as no Evidence was p'duced to us 
though Somoned there unto we return the same in possession 
valued as above. 

Memoranda the p r sent possessor Acknowledged unto us that 
he hath payd about one and thirtie shillings rent p ann for the 



5ORSET CHANTRIES. 

premisses unto the Audito r of the said County which we conceive 
to be the Rent given us in Charge. Total of acres 63. o. oo. 

Total of Impved value p ami. Ixxij. 1 ' xviij. 8 ij d 
Joh' Haddocke, Francis Barnes, John ffiske 

Samuell Cottman 
This Survey was pfected the 
23 th of May 1653 by us. 

In Hutchins, Vol. II., 206, will be found an account of this 
hospital. 



Chantry of St. Katherine, Bridport. 

Chantry Roll 52 (58). 



Income 



18 4 



There does not appear to be any account of the disposal of 
the property belonging to this Chantry, so we are unable to say 
of what it consisted beyond the house referred to in the following 
grant. 
Grant to Thomas Watson and William Adys. 

Vol. 258, 39. File 2056. 23 Feb. 3 Edw. VI 1549 

Domus mansionis Cantar. Sci Katherine in ecclesia 
poch. de Birtporte val in 

Reddit. domus mansionis cum pvo. gardino 

ibm reddend. inde p. ann. 3 4 

At 12 yeres purchas 2 o o 



Hutchins gives some interesting particulars concerning it in 
Vol. II. 28. 



Lands in Chardstock. 

Chantry Roll 53 (72). 

I find no further mention of these lands than is given in the 
Chantry Roll at above reference. 



Stocks of Kine, &c. 



Chantry Roll 54 ( ). 

See further on. 



Obit Lands. 



Chantry Roll 55 ( ). 

See further on. 



DORSET CHANTRIES. 



It would be desirable to insert the figures given below on the 
pages indicated in Vol. XXVII. for 1906, to serve as cross 
references : 

On page 228 after 56 insert (39) 



229 



230 



232 



57 
58 

59 
60 
61 
62 

63 

64 

65 
66 
67 
68 
69 

7 
72 



(40) 
(52) 
(48) 
(So) 
(49) 
(50 
(40 
(45) 
(42) 
(43) 
(44) 
(46) 
(47) 



(53) 



Section B. 

A. OBITS, LIGHTS, &c., WHICH ARE SPECIALLY 
MENTIONED ON THE CHANTRY ROLL. 



Obit of Robert Garnett in Lytton. 
Chantry Roll No. 70 



Income 



45 8d 



Grant to Giles Kehvay of Strowde, co Dorset, 
gent, and William Leonard of Taunton, co. 
Som. merchant. 

File 1731 only. 7 March 3 Edw. VI 1549 

Pochia de Lytton in co. Dorset val. in 

Firm, unius mess, cum curtillag. ac 
quinque acr. di. terr. arrab. et dimid. 
acr. prat, vocat. Mayden Meade cum 
omibus ss. ptin. scituat. et jacen. in 



DORSET CHANTRIES. 4* 

West Baglake in pochia de Lang 
Bready in com. Dors, dimiss. 
Gardian. de Lytton p. indentur. Robti 
Garnett, clici. quondam Rectoris 
ecclie pochial de Ludeton dat. 10 
die Decembris anno 12 nup. Rx. 
Henrici VIII (1520) ad intencon. 
sequen. videlt. qd. diet. Gardian. 
celebravent missam in ecclia de 
Ludeton annuatim tercio die Marcii 
cu. exequiis in eadm ecclia p. alabus 
Alexandri Whernely et Thome pris 
ejus et Robti Garnet et Willi pris 
ejus ac p. ambus omi. defunct, et 
invenir 2 luminar. arden. duran. 
exequiis. et miss, annuatim in diebus 
pd. Ac distribuend. Rect. ejusdm 
ecclie p. celebracoe. miss, cu 
exequiis. 8d. p. pochiam ibm tempe 
diet, exequiar. in pane et siucia (i.e. 
cervisia) 45. Hendum et tenend. mess. 
cu. terr. predict, p. terio cert, annor. 
immediate post mortem predict. 
Robti Garnet ut p. diet, indenturam 
plenius appar. Quiquidm Robtus 
Garnett supius noiat. diem suum 
clausit extremm 1 5 die Octrs 
MDXXVII. 

Intoto p. ann. 43 8d 

Repris. 

Redd, resolut. Magro Kyme Dno de 
West Baglake p. capitli reddu. ibm 
p. ann. yd allo. 

Remanet ultra clare (sic) 33 8d 
At 22 yeres purchas 4. o 8 

Memo. This land was geven for a masse and dirydge ycrlye 
to be said in the pisshe churche for the sowles of diuse psonnes 
for certen yeres above menconed. The remayndre after the 
expyracon of the said yeres of the within named Sir Robte 
Garnett. 

Mm. That theare be not suffycient woodds and trees growinge 
uppon the pmysses to repayer the howses and mantaync the 
hedges and fences of the same", p. me Galfrid Gate. 



42 DORSET CHANTRIES. 

Service of the B. Mary in Lyme Regis. 

Chantry roll 71 Income \ 18 n 

The following grant appears to be a part at least of above. It 
is the only grant specially referring to Lyme Regis. 

Grant to Giles Kelway and William Leonard. 

File 1731. 7 March 3 Edw. VI 1549 

Pochia de Lyme Rs. valt. in 

Firm, unius mess, et 8 acr. terr. cu. ptin. 

In Lyme in tenura Thome Elston, 

quoquidm tent. cu. terr. pdicd. dat. 

fuer. p. Willm Dare capellam et Ade 

le Mercer de Lyme pdict. Vicar. 

ecclie de Lyme in auxilm sustent. 

cujusdm. capellan. diuina servic. 

(cert.) diebus in ecclia de Lyme p. 

animabus Robti le M'cer et Matilde 

et Cristie uxori ejus et omni fidelm. 

defunct, et qd. mess, et terr. pdict. 

tenent. de Dno. Rege in capite p. 

sviem 155. io^d. p. ann. p. man. Ball. 

ville de Lyme omi. svicio p'ut in Iris. 

paten. Edwardi nup. R. Anglic 

(tercio) dat. quinto die Maj anno 

regni s. t'cio et in quadm exemplificat. 

dat. Iras paten, anno regni die. nup. 

Rs. 40 plenius apparet p. ann. 25 10^ 

Repris. in 
Redd, resolut. Ball, ville de Lyme ut pcell 

feod. firm, ejusdm vill. p. ann. 15 io| 

Et valt clare p. ann. 10 o 

At 22 yeres purchas 11 o o 

Mm. that theare be not suffycient woodds and trees growinge 
uppon the pmysses to repayer the howses and mantayne the 
hedges and fcncs of the same. p. me Galfri. Gate. 

Referring to Hutchins Vol. II 74 this service was apparently 
founded by the Carmelite Friars in Edward II's reign. There is 
an Inquisition ad quod damnum taken 19 Edward II. (See Hutchins 
IV. Ixxviii) and from the particulars above an Exemplification 
thereof taken 40 Edward III. Another Inquisition ad quod 
damnum apparently referring to the same matter was taken 



DORSET CHANTRIES. 



43 



2 Edward III No. 136 2nd Nos. All these documents should be 
examined when dealing with the Foundations of The Chantries. 
It will be observed that the amount of income does not tally 
with the Chantry Roll. 



Stipend to John Kilbury in the Church of Stoekland. 

Chantry Roll 73. 2 16 o 

Grant to Hugh Edwards, mercer, of London and 
William Knight, mercer, of London. 

Vol. 259, 229, Patent Roll No. 823 3 Edw. VI (1549) 

pt. 9 memb. 8. 

Servic. unius psbiti. in ecclia de Stoekland val. in 
Firm. un. domus cum pomar. et gard. ac 
5 ac. terr. in tenur. Walteri Mondaie 
p. ami. 20 o 

Firm. 5 ac. terr. in tenur. Ric. Parys 

reddend. inde p. aim. 20 o 

Firm. 6 ac. terr. in tenur. Johis Turner 
redd, inde p. ami. 



16 



2 16 



At 22 yeres purchas 61 12 o 

Hutchins Vol. II. 252 gives an account of this property and 
brings it down to the present time. 



Free Chapel of Frome Whitfield. 

Chantry Roll No. 78 Nett Income 10 o o 

It would appear from what Hutchins says in Vol.11. 417 that 
the Church of Frome Whitfield is sometimes called a Rectory, 
sometimes a Free Chapel and Chantry. Evidently it was not 
considered a Chantry in Edward VTs reign as there is no record 
of its being granted to anyone. It was annexed to Holy Trinity 
Rectory and parish in Dorchester 7 James I. 



Obits fop Certain Persons. 

Chantry Roll No. 79. 
No further information is to be found. 



44 DORSET CHANTRIES. 

A Light in Wareham. 

Chantry Roll No. 80. 
No further information is to be found. 



Brotherhood in Wareham. 

Chantry Roll No. 81. 
No further information is to be found. 



Lepers House in Dorchester. 

Chantry Roll No. 89. 
No further information is to be found. 



Lands in Swanwieh. 

Chantry Roll No. 90. 
See under " Foundations of Schools " further on. 



Hospital of Lepers of St. John Evangelist in Sherborne. 

Chantry Roll No. 91. Nett income 31 50 

This Hospital is still in existence, see Hutchins, Vol. IV., 294. 



Mass to B.V. Mary in Sherborne. 

Chantry Roll No. 101. Income i6s. 4d. 

Granted to John Dodington and William Ward. 

Vol. 67, 1 8, File 1582. 24 Dec. 3 Edw. VI. 1549 

Duo tent, scituat. in Sherborne in poch. de Sher- 
borne que dat. fuerunt ad susten. misse N'oie 
Jesu (sic) in ecclia poch. de Sherborne pcd. 
(presbiteri celebratur in ecclia de Shirborne, 
in Patent Roll) valet in 

Firm, unius tent. cu. gardino eidem pertin. 
in tenur. Johanis Shepman (Chep- 
man) p. indentur. reddend. inde p. 
ann. 1 2 o 



DORSET CHANTRIES. 

alterius tent, cum pvo. gardino 
adjacen. in tenure Thome Camyll 
pro tmio. ann. (reddend.) val. p. aim. 




At 1 6 yeares purchase ^13 i 4 

Memorand. that there is no other londes appteyning to the 
mayntenance of Jhus masse in Shirborne then is above 
mencioned. 

Hutchins does not mention this Mass. 



Fraternity of Jesus in Gillingham. 



Chantry Roll No. 102 



Nett income ^4 10 o 



Granted to Christopher Dismars. 

File 2148 only 29 May 4 & 5 Philip & Mary 1558 

Pcell. terr. et possession, nuper ptin. Fratintat. 

Jhus in Gyllingham in co. Dorset 
Dius terr. et tent, in Busshoppston et Hemyngton 
in co. Wilts val. in 

Firm sive redd, unius mess, in Throupe 
infra pochia de Busshpston cum 
omibz. domibz. edificiis ort. pomiis 
gardin. terr. arr. prat, pascuis et 
pastur ac cum omib. et singlis ss. 
ptin. dimiss. Phi. Newman als Broke, 
Xpiane uxi. ss. ac Willmo filio eor. p. 
indentur. dat. 14 die Julii Ao. 
33 Rx. H. VIII p. tmo. vite eor. et. 
redd, inde p. ann. 40 o 

Firm, sive redd. I claus. prat, in Throupe 
pd. cont. p. est. I acr. di. dimiss. 
Johi. Ragland p. indentur. dat. 6 die 
Feb. Ao. 20 Rx. H. VIII hbend pfat. 
Johi. et assig. ss. a fest. Sci. Michis 
Archi. ante dat. dct. indentur. usq. ad 
finem et term. 40 ann. px. sequen. et 
redd, inde p. ann. 10 o 

Firm, sive redd. 8 mess, in Hemyngton 
voc. Cosyns Ferme cu. omibz. 
domibz. edificiis gardin. pommiis. 



46 DORSET CHANTRIES. 

terr. arr. prat, pascuis pastur. coibz. 
et pise. cu. omibz. et singlis ss. ptin. 
dimiss. Willo. Birte p. indent, dat. 
29 die Septembris Ao. 20 Rx. H. VIII 
hbend. et tenend. omia et singlis 
pmis. cu ptin pfct Willo Birte et 
assig. ss. a die dat. dct. inden. usq. 
ad finem et tmin. 40 annor. et redd. 
p. ann. 40 o 



At 28 yeres purchas ,126 o o 

Mem. The pmisses are united unto the Crown by Acte of 
Pliament for the Dissolution of Chauntries, Fratinties and others. 
Also the pmisses were never pcell of the Duchie of Lancaster or 
Cornewall or of the auncient inheritaunce of the Crowne. Also 
ther are nether leade, Belles, mynes nor pks upon the pmisses. 
Neither lye they nere to anye of the Queenes Maties houses of 
accesse. The woods are to be answered by the officer of the 
Woods. 

Hutchins mentions this Fraternity in Vol. III. 643 col. 2. 



Fraternity in Gilling-ham. 

This is probably part of the Fraternity of Jesus, No. \oz of the 
Chantry Roll, although the income there given has already been 
accounted for. 
Granted to Silvester Taverner. 

Vol. 258, 1 60. File 1998. 12 April 3 Edw. VI. 1549 
Cert, cotag. jacen. in Motcombe infra pochiam de 
Gillingham ptin. Fritate (Fratintat.) de 
Gillingham valt. in 

Firm, unius cotagii in Motcombe in tenur. 

Oliveri White p. ann. 10 o 

Firm, alter, cot. ibm. cum gardin. eidem 

ptin. in tenur. Johis Wiks p. ann. 10 o 

Firm. alt. cotag. ibm in tenur. Rico 

Bedell p. ann. 4 o 

Firm, alter, cotag. ibm in tenur. Thome 

Gainescliff p. ann. 4 o 

Firm, altcrius cotag. ibm in tenur. 

Johannis Brayton p. ann. 3 4 



DORSET CHANTRIES. 47 

Firm, alterius cotag. in tenur. Georgii 

Birte p. ann. 3 4 

1 H 8 

At 12 yeres pchas 20 16 o 

Memo, that there is no other lands belonging to the said 
Fratintie then is above specified. 



Obit of Thomas Andrews in St. James, Shaftesbury. 



Chantry Roll No. 103 



Income - 6 



Granted to Silvester Taverner. 

Vol. 258, 160 File 1998 12 April 3 Ed\v. VI 1549 

Duo burg, sive ten. in poch. Sci Jacobi in vill. de 
Shaston dat. p. Thorn. Andrew p. susten. unius 
obit, in eidem ecclia val. in 

Firm. duor. tentor. sive burg. scit. et jac. 
in pochia Sci. Jacobi in vill. de 
Shaston in tenu. Nichi Orchard 
(Orcherde) et Willmi Hooper p. ann. 6 8 



At 12 yeres purchas ^4 o o 
Hutchins mentions this Obit in Vol. III. 57. 



Obit of Ellen Mathewe in St. Peters, Shaston. 



Chantry Roll No. 104 



Income - 3 




Granted to Sir Thomas Bell, Knt. and Richard Duke. 

Vol. 68, 372. File 1419. 5 July 2 Edw. VI 1548 

(The Chantry Roll says " A Mass called Aurora.") 
Obitus Elene Mathewe ml. uxis Johnis Mathewe 
defunct, fundat. in ecclia poch. Sci. Petri infra 
villam de Shaston val. in 

Quodam annual! reddit. annual solut. 
cxeund. de uno tento. Willi. Mathewe 
scituat. et jacen. in pochia Sci. Petri 
infra villam de Shaston modo in 
occupacon. Willi Gawtrell p. ann. 1 3 4 



48 DORSET CHANTRIES. 

Repris. 
Dener. annuatim distribut. paupibz infra 

villam de Shaston p. ann. 7 8 

Remanet ultra p. ann. 5 8 

Memo, the said annuall rente of 133 4d going out of the tent, 
abovesaid was given by the said Elyn Mathewe for an obite to 
be kepte yerely w'in the Church of Seynt Peters in Shaston 
abovesaid during the tme (terme) of 20 yeres as in the certificate 
of the churchwardens of the said pishe it wyll appere, wiche 
seid Elyn Mathewe died in the yere of our Lord God MDXL as 
by a will or testament of the said Elyn Mathewe yt wyll appere. 
The said lease ys solde to the said William Mathewe for the sum 
of 403. 

This Mass is mentioned by Hutchins in Vol. III. 46. 



Obits of William Kettelton, John Browne, John Mercer 
als Pottyearie and John Kilpeeke. 

Chantry Roll No. 105. Total income i 9 i 

Granted to William Place and Nicholas Spakeman. 

Vol. 259, 295 and File 1883 4 Edw. VI 1550 

Obit Willmi Kettelton val. in 

Firm. duor. tent, cum suis ptin. commutes 
voc. the " Lambe " scituat. et jacen. 
infra pochie. Sci. Peter in vill. 
Shaston modo in tenur. Edwardi 
Williams p. ann. 5 5 



At 22 yeres pchas ^519 2 



Obit Johnis Browne val. in 

Firm, unius tent, scituat. in poch, Sci. 
Jacobi in Shaston predic. ac un. 
pomar. eidem. ptinen. modo in tenur. 
Hugonis Harvey ac unius gard. 
jacen. in pochia Sci Trinitatem in 
Shaston predic. in tenure Hugonis 
Lewys p. ann. 

At 22 yeres pchas 4. 8 o 



DORSET CHANTRIES. 49 

Obit Johis M'cer als Pottycarie val. in 

Firm, totius illius tenti voc. Kilpeckes 
Place cum suis ptinen. jacen. in 
Melburye et Can modo vel nup. in 
tenur. Edmundi Lushe reddend. inde 
p. ann. 

At 22 yeres pchas. ;8 16 o 



The following appears to belong to the Obit property of John 
Mercer als Pottycary, although the name is not quite the same. 
This item is not on the Chantry Roll. 

Granted to Sir John Perient and Thomas Reve. 

Vol. 259, 247. File 1866. i Dec. 3 Ed\v. VI 1549 

Pochia. de Sci. Petri in Shaston val. in 

Quodam ann. redd, exeund. de cert. terr. 
et ten. Johannis Marshall (sic) als 
Poticary quondam de Shaston pd. 
jac. in Melbury et Cane (modo vel 
nup.) in tenur. Edmundi Lusshe p. 
ann. 4d 



At 20 yeres pchas 6 8 



Obit Johis Kylpeke val. in 

Firm, unius tenti. adjacen. eccli Sci. Petri 
in Shaston predict, modo vel. nuper 
in tenur. sive occup. Johnis Clement 
p. ann. 

At 20 yeres pchas i 1 1 8 



There be no other landes belonging to anye of the premises 
then is above expressed. There is no woodes upon the 
premisses. 



The Chantry Roll mentions the Obits of John Mathew and 
William Conye, but these were not apparently disposed of in the 
reign of Edward VI. , and I have not discovered them later on. 

Hutchins in Vol. III. 46, mentions all these Obits, but not 
quite correctly. 



50 DORSET CHANTRIES. 

Section C. 

B. OBITS, LIGHTS, &c., WHICH ARE NOT SPECIALLY 
MENTIONED ON THE CHANTRY ROLL, 
ARRANGED IN THEIR DEANERIES. 

DEANERY OF DORCHESTER. 

Chantry Roll No. 9 Gross Income ^234 

1 7 



2 i 9 

Corfe Castle. 

Grant to Thomas Cocks and Humphrey Cocks. 

File 1526 only. 12 March 7 Echv. VI 1553 

(These particulars are taken from File 1731, which is more 
detailed. The lands had originally been sold to Giles Kehvay 
and William Leonard, but the entry is struck out of their 
account.) 
Pochia de CorfFe Castell valt. in 

Firm, unius pcell. terr. jacen. in Corffe 
Castell in poch. de Corff modo vel 
nuperintenur.Willmi Hardy, qquidm. 
pcell. terr. dat. fuit ad inveniend. 
quoddm. luminar. infra eccliam. de 
Corff pd. p. ann. 6d 

At 22 ye res purchas 1 1 6 

Note as to Woods. There be no woods nor trees growinge in 
and upon the premisses, therefor no value. 



Worth. 

Grant to William Place and Nicholas Spakeman. 

Vol. 259, 295. File 1866. 4 Edw. VI 1550 

Firm, unius tent, in villa de Worth dat. ad 
sustentac. unius lamped, arden. in 
ecclia de Worth pcd. modo vel nup. 
in tenur. Johnis Squyer reddend. 
inde p. ann. 4 o 



DORSET CHANTRIES. 

DEANERY OF SHAFTESBURY. 

Chantry Roll No. 20 Gross Income 

Rents resolute 



Nett 



5 1 



6 13 ii 
13 4 

;a o 7 



Broadwinsor. 



Grant to Sir John Perient and Thomas Reve. 

Vol. 259, 247 File 1866. i Dec. 3 Edw. VI 1549 

Brodwinsor poch. in com. pcd. val. in 

Firm, unius ten. cum gard. eidem ptin. in 
tenur. Willmi Norice dat. p. susten. 
cujusdm. lampad. ibm reddend. p. ami. 3 o 

At 10 yeres pchas i 10 o 



Child Okeford. 

Grant to William Pery and John Kyte. 

Vol. 258, 133 File 1871 25 Feb. 3 Edw. VI 1549 

Cert. terr. dat. p. sustent. obit, infra poch. de Child 
Ockeforde valt. in 

Reddu. 7 acr. terr. cu. suis ptin. in poch. 
de Childe Ockeforde modo vel nup. 
in tenur. gardian. ecclie ibm p. ann. 6 8 

Reddu. di. acr. pti. ibm modo vel nup. in 

tenur. gardian. ecclie ibm. p. ann. i 4 



At 24 yeres pchas 9 12 o 



Memo, that there is no woodes growing upon the premisses. 
In Elizabeth's reign, among " concealed lands," are some 
particulars concerning a lamp in Child Okeford ; whether it is 
the same as above, which is an Obit, it is difficult now to say, 
but the acreage is the same as one portion. 

Particulars for Leases, Elizabeth. 
File 33, No. 12. 29 June 1566. 
Grant to John Freeke for 21 years. 

Redd. 7 acr. pastur. et prati jacen. in 
Childe Okeforde quiquidem 7 acr. dat. 
fucrunt ad sustcntac. unius lampad. ac 
modo vel nup. in tenur. sive occupac. 
Michaclis Cawlc reddend. indc p. ann. 3 6 



52 DORSET CHANTRIES. 

Ewerne Courtney. 

Grant to John Scott. 

File 2233 17 Nov. 4 & 5 Philip and Mary 1557 

Pcell. terr. Cantiar. infra Decanat. de Shafton, 
Iwerne Courtney als Srowton valt. in 

Redd. trm. acr. terr. jacen. infra pooh, de 
Iwarne Courtney pcdo dat. et 
concess. ex antiquo tempe p. pulsat. 
campan. voc. " The Curfewe 
ryngyng " p. ann. 4 o 

At 28 yeres pchas $ 12 o 



This property had originally been included in a sale to Thomas 
and Humphrey Cocks, 

File 1526. 12 March 7 Edvv. VI. 1553 

but is crossed out there ; however, as it gives a little additional 
information, it is added here also : 
Terr. dat. et concess. p. pulsacone Campan. vocat 
"The Curfull (sic) ringinge " infra eccliam 
pochial in Iwerne Courtney val in 

Redd. trm. acr. terr. p. estimac. ibm modo 
vel nuper in tenur. Robti Goodchyn 
p. ann. 4 o 



Iwerne Minster, 

Lease to John Freeke. 

File 31 No 12 29 June 8 Eliz. 1566 

Terre concelat. in co. Dorset 
Terr. dat. ad sustentac. lampidam in com. pd. val. 
in 

Redd. 4 acr. terr. arrab. jacen. in Iwerne 
Minster in coibus campis ibm unde 
2 acr. in australi pte vie vocat. 
" White wave " et alie 2 acr. in 
boriali pte vie predict, que quidem 
4 acr. dat. fuerunt ad sustentac. unius 
lampad. ac modo vel nup. fuerunt in 
tenur. sive occupac. Wulstoni West 
p. ann. i 4 



t>ORSET CHANTRIES. 

Nether Compton. 



53 



Grant to Silvester Taverner. 

Vol. 258. 1 60 File 1998 12 April 3 Edw. VI 1549 

Firm. di. acr. terr. arr. jac. in campas de 
Nethercompton in tenur. Willmi 
Lampe (sic) et dat. fuit p. sust. unius 
Lampad. ardend. in ecclia poch. ibm 
p. ann. 4^- 

At 24 yeres pchas ^80 



Stalbridge. 

Grant to Silvester Taverner. 

Vol. 258, 160. File 1998 
Stalberge val. in 

Firm. trm. acr. ter. jacen. in campis de 
Stalbridge dat. p. susten. unius 
lampad. arden. in ecclia. de Stalbridge 
predict, p. ann. 

At 24 yeres pchas 3 4 o 



12 April 3 Edw. VI 1549 



Sturminster Newton. 

Grant to Sir John Perient and Thomas Reve. 

Vol. 259, 247, File 1866 i Dec. 3 Edw. VI 1549 

(Pcell.) Tent, in Sturminster Newton dat. ad inst. 
obit Rogi Chipman in ecclia ibm valt. in 

Firm. un. pcell cujusd. ten. jac. in Stur- 
minster Newton adjac. terr. Dni. 
Principis ex pte austral, et terr. Rici. 
Bailben ex pte boriali cont. in lat. 
34 pedes et long, a pte boriali usq. 
occiden. 114 (64) pedes et a occiden. 
pte usq. austr. 15 pedes (in tenur. 
Thome Yonge reddend. inde) p. ann. 6 8 

At 10 yeres pchas ^368 



54 DORSET CHANTRIES. 

DEANERY OF PIMPERNE. 

Chantry Roll No. 3 1 Gross income i i o 

rents resolute 4 4 



Nett income 16 8 o 



Wimborne Minster. 

Grant to Thomas Reve and George Cotton. 

File 1902 only 7 May 7 Edw. VI 1553 

Terr. dat. et concess. pro susten. unius lampad. in 
ecclia pochiali ibm arden. in Wymborne 
Mynstre valt. in 

Redd, unius orrei cu. pvo gardino annexat. 
modo vel nuper in tenur. Thome 
Crosse p. ann. 3 4 

At 23 yeres pchas ^316 8 

Redd, unius acr. terr. in Radcott modo 
vel nup. in tenur Willmi Aley (or 
Allen) p. ann. i 4 

Redd, unius Claus in Kingston Lacie 
contin. p. estimac. tres acr. nup. in 
ten. Willmi Golde et nuric in tenur. 
Xpoferi Redhous p. ann. 3 4 

Redd, unius acr. terr. in Kingston Lacie 
pd. modo vel nuper in tenur. 
Henrici Ryckemay p. ann. 6 



8 6 
The last three at 23 yeres pchas ^5 18 10 



Memor. ther is no other lands or tents geven to the use 
aforesaid and that this be the first pticulers that I have made of 
the premisses. Henr. Leke, Audit. 



DEANERY OF WHITCHURCH. 
Chantry Roll No. 37 Nett Income i 17 4 



Blandford St. Mary. 

Grant to Thomas Cocks and Humphrey Cocks. 

File 1526 only 12 March 7 Edw. VI 1553 



Terr. dat. p. susten. unius lampad. in ecclia poch. 
de Blandford Mare (sic) ibm arden. 

Redd. cert, pcell. terr. jacen. in comibus 
campis ibm conten. p. estim. una acr. 
et di. terr. arrabilis in tenura Thome 
Boxley p. ann. : 

At 23 yeres pchas i 3 o 

There be no woods nor trees growinge in and upon the 
premisses, therefore no value. 




Mappowder. 

rant to John Coker. 

File 33. 7 only. 17 Feb. 5 Elizabeth 1562 

Cert. terr. et tent, in Mappowder in com Dorset 
val. in 

Firma duar. clausur. prati et pastur. videlt. 
un. clausum prati et pastur. vocat 
" Milhams " continen. p. estimac. 22 
acr. et alterum clausum prati et 
pastur. vocat. " Swettersham 
continen. p. estimacoem 4 acr. jacen. 
et existen. in Mapowder pcd. in com. 
pcd. que Dna Poncherton ad 
pulsacoem unius. compane et ad 
sustentacoem unius lampadis et 
4 lumini voc. tapers in pcda ecclia 
de Mapowder pcd. olim dedit et 
concessit Rectori de Mapowder pcd. 
continuacoem h'ere imppur. p. ann. 6 18 8 



Memor. by inquisicon taken at Bucklande in the countie 
aforesaid primo die Septembr. anno 4to Dne Regine nunc 
Elizabeth before Robt. Penruddock Esquier and others by vertue 
of the Quenes Maties Comisson out of her Highnes Courte of 
Exchequer to them directed, amongst other things it is found 
that the said Ladye Poncharton to the ryngng of one bell and 
sustentation of one lamp and four lights called tapers sometime 
did gyve and graunt unto the said pson of Mapowder the said 
2 closes of meadow and pasture leiing in Mapowder aforesaid 
being of the yearlie valewe above menconed, And the pson of 
the said psonage alwaies from the tyme of the saicl gift had the 
same lande meadowe and pasture to his owne use and hathe byn 
chardgcd to the valewe of los by the ycarc for the ringing of the 



56 DORSET CHANTRIES. 

said bell and susteyning of the said lights burning in the pyshe 
churche of Mapowder afforesaid in forme as followthe, that is to 
say, in the evening the said bell was ronge half an hower and 
continuallie at the cessang of the said bell the foresaid lampe 
was lighted and soe burnt all the night untill the morning and 
then in the morning weare put out and the foresaid bell was 
ronge agayne untill daylight And further that the said pson of 
the said churche was chardged yearlie to the valewe of 55 to the 
sustentacon of the saide lights called tapers in the said churche 
that is to say two on the highe Alter theare and two before the 
Image of Saint Peter and Paul &c. As by the same Inquisicon 
remayning in the custody of the Threasaurers Remembrancer in 
the Exchequer amongst other things it doeth and may appeare. 

Signed PETER OSBORNE. 

Hutchins in Vol. III. 729, gives an account of some lands 
given to the Church for superstitious uses, now annexed to the 
Rectory, which appear to be identical with above. 



Sturminster Marshall. 

Grant to Sir John Perient and Thomas Reve. 

Vol. 259, 247. File 1866 i Dec. 3 Edw. VI 1549 

Pochia de Sturmist. Marshall val. in 

Firm. z\ acr. terr. arr. jac. infra poch. pd. 
(modo) in ten. Thome Skovell dat. 
ad sust. cujusdm. lampad. arden. in 
ecclia de Sturminster (pdict. p. ann.) i o 

At 22 yeres pchas i 20 

This may perhaps be the " Lampeland " mentioned in the 
codicil to the will of Richard Phelip dated 24 Jan. 1556. See 
Hutchins III. 368. 



DEANERY OF BRIDPORT. 

Chantry Roll No. 55 Gross income 5 7 10 

less rents resolute 6 8 



Nett income ^5 i 2 



DORSET CHANTRIES. 

Charmouth. 

Grant to Silvester Taverner 

Vol. 258, 1 60 File 1998 12 April 3 Ed\v. VI 1549 

Firm, unius pcell terr. cont. dimid. acr. 
jac. in Charmouth dat. p. sustentar. 
unius luminis in ecclia ibm p. ami. 6 

At 24 yeres pchas 12 o 

Memo, that there is no woods growing upon any of these 
pmises. 

Wotton Fitzpaine. 

Grant to Silvester Taverner. 

Vol. 258, 160 File 1998. 12 April 3 Edw. VI 1549 

Firm, unius acr. terr. jac. in Wotton 
Fitzpaine in tenur. R'coris ecclie ibm 
dat. ad sust. duor. lumin. in ecclie 
ibm p. ann. i 4 



At 24 yeres pchas i 12 o 

Memo, that there is no woods growing upon any of these 
^remises 



StOCkland (formerly in this Deanery). 

In the grant to Silvester Taverner, Vol. 258, 160 File 1998, is 
an item intended to be sold to him, but crossed out. I have not 
come across it again in the sale to anyone else, so put it here to 
record it. 



Firm, unius pcell terr. vocat. Gilston 
continen. unam acram di. jacen. in 
Stokeland pdict. dat. p. sustentac. 
unius lumin. arden. in ecclia. ibm. p. 
ann. 



( End of Section C.J 



B cm6 < 
gouts foun6 in porsef. 



By HENRY SYMONDS. 

(Read ISth Feb., 1909.) 



AUTHORITIES. Evans' " Coins of the Ancient Britons." 1864 and '90. 
"Mouumenta Historica Britannica." 1848. 
Cohen's " Mudailles Imperiales," 2nd Ed. 
Akerman's " Coins of the Romans relating to Britain." 1844. 




earliest history of the circulating medium 
used by the ancient Britons in the tract of 
country now known as Dorset is still veiled 
in considerable obscurity, and for the greater 
part of such information as is available we 
are indebted to the untiring industry of the 
late Sir John Evans, who made the subject 
particularly his own. 

It is at all events established, as far as 

place of discovery can do so, that the Durotriges had a monetary 
system expressed in silver, bronze, and gold coins, which are 
without inscriptions on either side, and which are found almost 
exclusively within the confines of their territory. So purely local 
arc these pieces that they are described as the South-Wcstern or 




BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. 



BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. 59 

Dorset and Wilts type in Sir John's classification of the general 
series. 

We learn from Julius Caesar that the inhabitants of this island 
before the first Roman invasion used gold and brass money, but 
the early British coinage was derived from Greece rather than 
from Rome, and it is noticeable that the majority of the silver 
coins of this district are thick and slightly concave on one side, 
thus resembling in fabric their Greek prototypes. 

The native engravers of the dies for this uninscribed currency 
borrowed the design from their Gallic contemporaries, who had 
in turn copied from imitations of a gold coin of Philip II. of 
Macedon ; hence it is that successive engravers, departing 
further and further from the original type, produced what is 
little better than an unmeaning and barbarous medley of lines, 
dots, and crescents, which do duty for the laureate head and the 
horses of the Macedonian stater. Indeed, were it not for the 
existence of intermediate and less degraded types found 
elsewhere it would be difficult to establish any connection 
between the two ends of the numismatic chain. The specimens 
that I am able to exhibit are of silver and bronze only, and were 
discovered chiefly at or near Hod Hill ; one of silver was dug up 
in Dorchester, another of bronze near Bridport. The weights 
of the four silver pieces vary from 80 to 46 grains troy, and they 
contain an appreciable quantity of some alloy. [Plate No. i.] 

Coins of the local type in gold occur but very rarely ; the only 
examples that I have seen were in the late Mr. Durden's cabinet, 
and were found in East Dorset. 

Sir J. Evans suggested B.C. 200 to 150 as the approximate 
date when this coinage was introduced, the Dorset type being 
one of the latest issues. The date of withdrawal is equally 
uncertain, but these rude pieces continued in circulation after 
the second Roman invasion, as I am aware of one instance in 
which early British silver was found in conjunction with the brass 
of Nero; accordingly it may be assumed that the unlettered 
coinage of the Durotriges survived here until at least A.D. 50-60, 
and perhaps a little later. 



60 BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. 

We may now pass without a break in time, and possibly 
without regret, to the monetary system imposed by Rome upon 
this country for three centuries and a-half, a system which 
produced the wonderful array of portraits and historical data 
which have been unequalled in any other age, and to which the 
words " Show us the coinage of a nation and we will write its 
history " seem especially applicable. 

Before entering upon the details of the second portion of 
these notes I would point out, in explanation of the limited 
number of specimens upon the table, that the British section of 
the Roman coinage, attractive though it is in interest, is a small 
one numerically, and represents only a fractional part of the 
Imperial series. The opportunities of studying the subject on 
the spot are many; in 1672 Rich. Blome, when describing 
Dorchester, mentions the " great quantities of Roman coyns 
there often digged up," and more than 200 years later the soil 
is still yielding an apparently undiminished supply. 

That section of the Imperial coinage which is directly 
connected with our island may be placed in three classes : 

A. Those coins on which the reverse types and legends 
commemorate successes of the Roman arms in Britain, but 
which were probably struck in Rome. 1 The issue of these 
historical devices, often of great beauty, unfortunately ceased 
after the death of Caracalla in A.D. 217. 

B. Those bearing letters in the exergue (such as PLN, &c.), 
which indicate that the coin was struck at one or other of the 
mints set up by the conquerors in their British province. The 
reigns of Constantine I., the members of his family, and their 
colleagues furnish the bulk of this class. 

C. Those that were undoubtedly issued in Britain, but 
without British devices or mint letters in the exergue, such as 
the unmarked coinage of Carausius and Allectus. To these may 



1 A smaller school of numismatists hold that some of these commemorative 
coins of the earlier emperors were produced in Britain, but the contrary opinion 
generally obtains. 



BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. 6 1 

perhaps be added the coins of Cl. Albinus when governor of the 
province, and after he had been raised by Severus to the dignity 
of Csesar and had usurped the title of Imperator in the island. 

The expedition of Julius in B.C. 55 was too ineffective to leave 
any traces on the currency, and nearly a hundred years elapsed 
before the Romans made another and more sustained effort to 
occupy the country. The result of this second invasion is shown 
by the issue of the first of the coins to which I would draw 
attention. 

[By the courtesy of Captain Acland I have been enabled to 
include descriptions of some additional types of Romano-British 
coins found in the district and now in the Dorset County 
Museum; these items are marked with the initials D.C.M. in the 
following list.] 

CLAUDIUS, A.D. 41 TO 54. 

Denarius, A.D. 46. 
i. O. TI. CLAVD. CAESAR. AVG. P.M. TR.P. VI. 

IMP.XI. Laureate head to the right. 
R. DE. BRITANN upon an arch surmounted by an 

equestrian statue between two trophies. 

This coin was struck by Claudius on the occasion of his return 
from Britain after a not too arduous campaign of sixteen days in 
A.D. 43. Dion Cassius tells us that the Senate ordered, among 
other honours, the erection of a triumphal arch in Rome, and 
conferred for the first time the name of Britannicus upon the 
Emperor and his ill-starred young son. 

The foundations of this arch have been discovered in the Via 
Flaminia, and the denarius, with its sister coin the aureus, provide 
contemporary representations of the structure. A peculiar 
interest attaches to this reverse, in that it refers to the only 
recorded instance of a triumph and an arch being voted to a 
wearer of the purple who had subdued the Britons. A denarius 
of this uncommon type was shown to me some twelve years ago 
by a friend to whom it had been sent for examination by the 



62 BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. 

finder near Weymouth. 2 Its present resting place is unknown to 
me, but fortunately I made a note of the inscriptions. The 
type is so rare in Dorset that I have ventured, in the absence of 
the rightful coin, to interpose for inspection a foreign-found 
example, which differs mainly in being of the tenth year of 
tribunitian power, viz., A.D. 50. [Plate No. 2.] 

Of the immediate successors of Claudius there are no coins 
(except one bearing his son's name) which make allusions to 
Britain, although we might expect that Vespasian, after he was 
proclaimed Augustus, would have thus commemorated his 
previous military exploits in the southern portion of this island, 
seeing that Titus recorded the capture of Jerusalem ten years 
after the event. On the other hand, the prosperous reign of 
Hadrian the travelled gave us half-a-dozen varieties in brass of 
British types, but I cannot point to even one as having been 
found within our borders ; a regrettable void, as this Emperor's 
period may be said to show the high-water mark of the Roman 
engraver's skill in portraiture, the designs being also of much 
historical interest. 

ANTONINUS Pius, A.D. 138 TO 161. 

Second-brass, or As., A.D. 155. 
2. O. ANTONINVS. AVG. PIVS. P.P. TR. P. XVIII. 

Laureate head to right. 

R. BRITANNIA. COS IIII. In ex: SC. A woman 
seated ; on the left are a shield and standard. [Plate 
No. 3.] 

The figure on the reverse is regarded as a personification of 
the Province ; a mourning Britannia seated upon the inhospitable 
rocks of her native land, with Roman emblems alongside as a 
confession of defeat. This specimen (found at Clyde Path Hill, 
Dorchester), belongs to a type which the excavator-antiquary 



2 From this neighbourhood Mr. C. Warne obtained, as did Mr. Hall, many fine 
specimens of Boman money. 



BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. 63 

brings to light more frequently than any of those in Class A, but 
very rarely does this type present itself in good condition, being 
as a rule poorly executed. These two facts are urged in support 
of the contention that the coin Avas struck in Britain, the dies 
having been engraved in Italy. Mr. Roach Smith mentions in 
Collectanea Antiqua a find of 327 of these "Britannia" pieces (all 
much worn) at Procolitia on the wall of Hadrian and Severus, 
and infers that they were used for the pay of the Northern 
legonaries. The D.C.M. possesses two specimens, not from the 
same dies. 

COMMODUS, A.D. l8o TO 192. 

First-brass, or Sestertius, A.D. 184. 

O. M. COMMODVS. ANTON. AVG. PIVS. BRIT. 

Laureate head to right. 

R. P.M. TR.P. VIIII. IMP. VII. COS IIII. P.P. In ex : 
VICT. BRIT. In field SC. A winged Victory 
seated on shields, holding palm branch in right hand 
and supporting a shield with left. [Plate No. 4.] 
It is believed that this Emperor never set foot in Britain ; he 
may have preferred to air his vanity on the Palatine Hill, leaving 
to others the care of the outposts of his empire. Nevertheless, 
Commodus did not neglect to acquire the name Britannicus from 
the Senate, and that body was responsible for the charming 
figure on the reverse of this sestertius, which alludes to the 
success of Ulpius against the Caledonians and to the saluting of 
his master as Emperor for the seventh time. 

SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, A.D. 193 TO 211. 

Second-brass, or As., A.D. 211. 

O. SEVERVS. PIVS. AVG. BRIT. Laureate head to 
right. 

R. VICT. BRIT. P.M. TR. P. XIX. COS III. P.P. In 
field SC. A winged Victory to right holding a 
standard ; two captives seated at her feet. 



64 BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. 

Denarius, A.D. 210. 
5. O. SEVERVS. PI VS. AVG. BRIT. Laureate head to 

right. 

R. VICTORLE. BRIT. Victory seated on shields, to 
left ; supporting a shield with right hand, the left 
holds a palm branch. [Plate No. 5.] 

There is a stern reality about the association of Severus with 
Britain ; a death struggle with Albinus, then Governor of the 
island and an aspirant for the Principate, marked the opening of 
a strenuous reign. When already past middle life the Emperor, 
accompanied by his sons Geta and Caracalla, crossed over from 
Gaul to put down a rising rebellion, and for three long years 
waged successful war against the barbarians of North Britain. 
Spartian, writing at the end of the third century, says that the 
title of Britannicus was granted to the old war-lord in respect of 
the great wall, which was then rebuilt and strengthened, and 
which still stands astride the neck of Northumbria. Severus 
died at York in A.D. 211, leaving his empire to " my Antonines," 
as he pathetically styles his two sons. 

The second brass coin came to Mr. Burden from one of the 
finds near Blandford ; the denarius hails from Fordington, and 
shows the debased silver which was introduced during this reign. 



CARACALLA, A.D. 211 TO 217. 

First-brass, or Sestertius, A.D. 211. 
6. 0. M. AVREL. ANTONINVS. PIVS. AVG. BRIT. 

Laureate head to right. 
R. VICT. BRIT. TR. P. XIIII. COS III. In ex : SC. 

Victory erecting a trophy, her left foot upon a 
helmet ; a female captive standing, another seated 
on the ground. (The standing figure may represent 
Britain.) Nineteenth century deep draining revealed 
this expressive example of third century art. [Plate 
No. 6.] 



BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. 

Denarius, A.D. 210-13. 
7. O. ANTONINVS. PIVS. AVG. BRIT. Laureate head to 

right, 
R. VICTORIA. BRIT. Victory walking to right and 

carrying a standard. 

This Emperor, on the death of his father Severus, brought the 
war in Britain to a close and forthwith returned to Rome. The 
above two coins were probably struck during his father's lifetime, 
as Caracalla had received Augustan honours as early as A.D. 198. 
It will be observed that the word " Caracalla " (merely a nick- 
name) does not appear upon his currency, the legends of which 
read "Antoninus Pius," &c. ; care is therefore necessary, if 
the portraits are not clear, in distinguishing the coins of this 
unworthy holder of an honoured title from those of his namesake 
of seventy years earlier. 3 

There is now a long and troubled interval, giving us no British 
types until 

MAXIMIAN HERCULES, A.D. 286 TO 310. 

Third-brass, A.D. 286. 
8. O. IMP. MAXIMIANVS. AVG. Radiate bust to right 

with paludamentum and cuirass. 

R. SALVS. AVGG. In ex : C. Hygeia holding a serpent, 
which feeds from a patera in her left hand. [Plate 
No. 7.] 

The plural ending of the word AVGG ( - Augustorum) makes 
allusion to the fact that Maximian shared the empire with 
Diocletian, who ruled the East. We have here an instance of 
Class B, showing in the exergue the first letter of Camulodunum, 
now Colchester, a town of much importance during the Roman 
occupation. 

At this point it should be borne in mind that the splendid 
series of first-brass coins, which had been declining in interest 



3 It may be useful to add that the legends of Antonine, the adopted son of 
Hadrian, read " AVG. PIVS" ; those of Caracalla "PIVS. AVG." 



66 BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. 

and in weight since the days of Caracalla, came to an end under 
Gallienus, A.D. 253, and that thenceforward the yellow metal 
known as orichalcum was no longer used at the mint. The 
second and third-brass, still so called for convenience, were 
struck in copper as before, but with smaller diameters, while the 
silver denarius had further degenerated into a piece of copper 
washed over with a solution of tin ; in a word, general confusion 
prevailed as the empire waned. The familiar S.C., the sign 
of Senatorial approval, disappears under Aurelian, and after 
Diocletian's period we also miss the chronological details as to 
honours, which alone enabled us to fix the dates of many of the 
earlier coins ; it is, however, fair to state that the last-named 
Emperor made efforts to restore the fineness of the higher metals 
used in his coinage. 

CARAUSIUS, A.D. 287 TO 293. 

Third-brass. 

9. O. IMP. CARAVSIVS. P.F. AVG. Radiate bust to right, 

wearing paludamentum and cuirass. 
R. COMES. AVG. Victory standing to left; wreath in 

right hand and palm branch in left. 

This reverse may be intended to suggest a friendship with 
Diocletian. 

10. O. IMP. C. CARAVSIVS. P.F. AVG. Radiate bust as last. 
R. LAELTITIA] AVG. In field S.C. Female figure 

holding anchor and wreath. (D.C.M.) 

n. O. IMP. CARAVSIVS. P.F. AVG. Radiate bust as last. 
R. LE [G. II. AVG] In ex ML. Capricorn, or sea goat, 

to left. (D.C.M.) ML = Moneta Londinii. 
A very uncommon type ; the Capricorn was the badge of the 
second legion, at that time quartered in the island. Doubtless it 
was politic thus to honour them. 

12. O. IMP. CARAVSIVS. P.F. AVG. Radiate bust as last. 
R. MONE[TA. A]VG. In ex : C. Juno, the divinity of 
the mint, with balance and cornucopia. C = 
Colchester. (D.C.M.) 



BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. 67 

O. IMP. C. CARAVSIVS. P.F. AVG. Radiate bust to 
right, with paludamentum. 



R. PAX. AVG. In ex : MLXXI. In field S.P. Peace 

standing, with olive branch and hasta. 

ML = London mint. The numerals, also in the exergue, 
denote a ratio of value, viz., twenty of these coins to one 
denarius. The D.C.M. has a similar specimen, but reading ML 
without the numerals. 

14. O. IMP. C. CARAVSIVS. (P.F] AVG. Radiate bust as 

last. 
R. PAX. AVGGG. In ex : C. In field S.P. Peace 

standing, with olive branch, and the hasta held 

transversely. 

Colchester mint. The triple G in the reverse legend intimates 
that the issuer claimed to be on terms of equality with the 
two Emperors then ruling on the Continent. The letters 
that often appear in the field of coins of this period are rather 
obscure, and their interpretation has not yet been definitely 
settled. 

The last mentioned seven specimens are of the coarse fabric 
and rough execution which characterise the money of the 
intruder who struck them. Carausius, usurper as he was and 
pirate as he may have been, affords an early object lesson as to 
the value of sea power. Appointed to the command of a Roman 
fleet at Boulogne, he took the ships across to Britain and, with 
the consent of the garrison, declared himself as Emperor. 

For six years he defied the efforts of the legitimate Augusti, 
Diocletian and Maximian, to dislodge him. During those years 
his mints in the island were extraordinarily active, more than 
four hundred varieties of type being known. 

ALLECTUS, A.D. 293 TO 296. 

Third-brass. 

15. O. IMP. C. ALLECTVS P.F. AVG. Radiate bust to 

right, with cuirass. 



68 BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. 

R. JOVI. CONSERVATORI. In ex : ML. In field 
SA. Jupiter standing, with spear and thunder- 
bolt. 
London mint. (D.C.M.) 

1 6. O. As last. Radiate bust to right. 

R. PAX. AVG. In ex : ML. In field S.P. Peace holding 

the hasta transversely. 
London mint. (D.C.M.) 

1 7. O. As last. Radiate bust to right, with cuirass. 

R. PROVIDENTIA. AVG. In ex : CL. In field S.P. 
Female figure with wand touching globe on the 
ground, cornucopia in left hand. 
Colchester mint. (D.C.M.) 

1 8. O. As last. Bust as last. 

R. SALVS. AVG. In ex: ML. In field SA. Hygeia 
holding serpent, which feeds from patera. (D.C.M.) 
London mint. 

19. O. As last. Radiate bust to right, with paludamentum. 
R. VIRTVS. AVG. In ex : ML. In field S.A. A trophy, 

with two captives seated on the ground. 

London mint ; a rare variety, being unknown to the compilers 
of Mon : Hist: Brit: and to Cohen, and not in the British 
Museum. 

20. O. As last. Bust as last, but with cuirass. 

R. VIRTVS. AVG. In ex : QL. Galley with five oars, 

rudder, mast, and shrouds. [Plate No. 8.] 
Struck at London, of the fourth (Quarta) mintage. A common 
type, but worth attention as showing one of the war galleys by 
means of which the two usurpers maintained their power. The 
coin is of small size. Allectus, having removed Carausius by 
the method all too common among those who sought a Roman 
throne, succeeded to the position of "tyrant" in Britain, and 
held his ground until fate, in the person of Constantius Chlorus, 
brought about his fall. Britain was thus reunited to the empire 
after a separation of nine years. The mint at Colchester was 
closed after the death of Allectus. 



ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. 69 

LlCINIUS I., A.D. 307 tO 324. 

Third-brass. 
21. O. IMP. LICINIVS. P.P. AVG. Laureate bust to right, 

with cuirass. 
R. GENIO. POP. ROM. In ex: PLN. In field S.F. 

Genius with cornucopia and patera. 

The letters PLN and the lengthened form PLON are now 
definitely accepted as the marks of the Roman mint in London, 
and may be interpreted as Pecunia Londiniensis or Percussa 
Londinii. Licinius the elder, on succeeding to the highest 
honours of the state, became the colleague of Galerius 
Maximianus in the control of the Empire. He afterwards married 
the sister of Constantine the Great, and later on the East and 
West were separately governed by the two brothers-in-law. 



CONSTANTINE I., A.D. 311 to 337. 

Second-brass. 

22. 0. CONSTANTINVS. P.F. AVG. Laureat bust to right, 

with cuirass. 

R. ADVENTVS. AVG. In ex: PLN. In field a star. 
Equestrian figure of the Emperor to left, in front of 
him a captive seated on ground. 

Another and a finer specimen of this scarce reverse is in the 
D.C.M. The entry of Constantine into Rome in the year 312, 
alter the overthrow of all rivals, is here commemorated. 
Third-brass. 

23. 0. CONSTANTINVS. AVG. Laureate bust to right, 

with sceptre. 

R. BEAT. TRANQLITAS. In ex: PLON. Altar 
inscribed VOTIS XX., above which are a globe and 
three stars. (A.D. 320-24). (D.C.M.) 

London mint. These votive coins were originally struck to 
mark the public vows made by the Emperors every ten years in 
return for a renewed grant of power by the Senate. At this date 



yo BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. 

the vows had become the mere shadow of a form, and the coins 
were issued irregularly. This one purports to mark the second 
decennial period. 
Second-brass. 

24. O. IMP. CONSTANTINVS. P.F. AVG. Laureate bust 

to right, with cuirass. 

R. GENIO. POP. ROM. In ex : PLN. Genius holding 
cornucopia and patera. [Plate No. 9.] 

25. O. As last. Similar bust. 

R. MARTI. PATRI. PROPVG. In ex: PLN. Mars 

charging with shield and spear. London Mint. 
Third-brass. 

26. O. CONSTANTINVS. AG. Laureate head to right. 

R. SARMATIA DEVICTA. In ex: PLON. Victory 
with standard and palm branch ; a captive seated 
on ground. [Plate No. 10.] 

This coin can be approximately dated, as the Sarmatians were 
conquered in A.D. 322. 

27. O. IMP. CONSTANTINVS. P. AVG. Laureate bust to 

right, with cuirass. 

R. SOLI. INVICTO. COMITI. In ex : PLN. In field 
T.F. The Sun carrying a globe and raising right 
hand. (A.D. 314.) 

The D.C.M. has two similar pieces, one in which a star is 
substituted for T.F. in the field; the other reads MLN in the 
exergue (Moneta Londiniensis). 

28. O. IMP. CONSTANTINVS. MAX. AVG. Helmeted 

bust to right, with cuirass. 

R. VICTORIAE. LAETAE. PRINC. PERP. Two 

Victories placing shield upon an altar ; on the 

shield VOTIS. P.R. (A.D. 317-20.) (D.C.M.) 

The foregoing nine coins of Constantine the Great are fairly 

representative of the large number that are still being unearthed 

in Dorchester and its environs. The smallest of the brass pieces 

are probably the " King Dorn's pence," of which Camden speaks 

in his History, 1610 edition. The second and third-brass of 



BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. 

this period vary so much in relative size that it is often merely a 
matter of opinion to which denomination an item belongs. 4 



CRISPUS, A.D, 317 TO 326. 

Third-brass. 

29. O. CRISPVS. NOBIL. C. Helmeted bust to left, with 

cuirass. 

R. BEAT. TRANQLITAS. In ex : PLON. Altar 
inscribed VOTIS XX, above which are a globe 
and three stars. (A.D. 320-24.) 
See a note under Constantine I., No. 23. 

30. O. CRISPVS. NOB. CAES. Helmeted bust to right, 

with cuirass. 

R. VIRTVS. EXERCIT. In ex : PLN. A Standard 
inscribed VOT. XX. ; two captives seated on 
ground. (A.D. 317-20.) 

This son of Constantine the Great did not attain the Sovereign 
power ; consequently his coins always read " Caesar," not 
" Augustus," the former title being borne by the prospective heir 
to the throne. 

CONSTANTINE II., A.D. 335 TO 340. 

Third-brass. 

31. 0. CONSTANTINVS. IVN. N.C. Radiate bust to left, 

with cuirass. 

R. BEATA. TRANQVILLITAS. In ex : PLON. In 
field P.A. Altar inscribed VOTIS. XX ; above are 
a globe and three stars. (A.D. 320-24.) [Plate 
No. ii.] 

4 It is remarkable that no aurei or solid! of any reign appear in the D.C.M. 
collection, nor have I heard of any in other quarters ; as these gold coins are not 
so rare as their absence would suggest, it is possible that the intrinsic value of the 
metal , or doubts as to the law of treasure trove, may have prevented their being 
offered to local antiquaries. 



72 BRITISH AND ROMANO-BRITISH COINS. 

Found near the S.W.R. Station in Dorchester, together with a 
first-brass of Titus showing Domitilla joining the hands of 
Vespasian and Titus. 

After this reign it is believed that the mints in Britain ceased 
to work, or at all events to issue mint-marked coins, with the 
exception of a temporary revival under the usurper Magnus 
Maximus (383-7). Some coins of this Emperor bearing the 
letters AVG are now attributed to London, which at that date 
(teste Marcellinus) was known as Augusta. As yet no coins of 
Magnus bearing that mark appear to have been found locally. 

The suppression of the mint of Londinium Augusta is 
significant of greater changes that were soon to follow. In truth 
the time had come \vhen enemies were closing in upon the 
Roman world, Avhen the pulse of life from Rome grew feeble and 
her grip relaxed. The final scenes are briefly mentioned by the 
historians ; Zosimus, almost a contemporary writer, says that in 
410 the Emperor Honorius, "having written letters to the cities 

in Britain urging them to look to their own safety 

indulged in all indolence." The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle tells us 
that in 409 Rome ceased to rule in Britain, and that in 418 the 
Imperial treasure was removed, some being buried in the earth. 
Bede in his Eccl : Hist : adds that in 416 the troops which had 
been sent to help the islanders said farewell and did not return. 

From this time onward it would appear that the Romanized 
Britons and the colonists of Roman birth ceased to be under 
the protection of the legions, and were left to withstand as best 
they could the Saxon deluge. 



of 



n 



By Mrs. KING WARRY. 

C Read ISth Feb., 1909.) 




CONSIDERABLE interest is attached to the old-time 
Portland belief in the non-existence of peasantry 
amongst the islanders, coupled with the claims of 
superiority of descent as regards freedom, &c. 
We are not here immediately concerned with the 
accuracy or inaccuracy of this belief, but merely 
enquiring into its origin, as being a subject which 
may, perhaps, bear investigation, though a certain 
amount of complication is inevitable in considering these early 
periods. By studying Professor Vinogradoffs "Growth of the 
Manor," we may, however, justify this statement in part, if not 
wholly. 

We will first consider a few points with regard to Celtic 
landholding, the manner of which seems well known, set forth 
by the " comparative " method of enquiry, the Welsh surveys 
also helping considerably to elucidate the past. It must be 
remembered there is evidence to show that as late as the time of 
Alfred the Great even Somerset, Dorset, and Wiltshire formed 
part of West Wales, thus conclusively proving the strength of 



74 THE STATUS OF PEASANTRY IN PORTLAND. 

the Celtic element in those counties at that date. This is but 
too often overlooked or ignored altogether, perhaps because of 
the preponderance of Celtic blood in Devon and Cornwall ; but 
there is much to justify the belief that this element was, and 
probably is, still strong in the first mentioned counties, and a 
certain allowance must be made for this in considering old 
customs of land tenure, or in an attempt, however feeble, to 
re-create any condition of Ancient Society. Though the Irish 
Celt (Goidet) was most likely as well represented in the south- 
west as the Welsh Celt (JBrython}, it is rather to the latter we 
must look for what is known of Celtic institutions on British 
soil, though doubtless various modifications would prevail in 
certain localities, according to the commercial intercourse of the 
time and the influx of strangers, either for peaceful trading 
purposes or bent upon warlike expeditions. We will, therefore, 
enumerate a few of the chief points, as interpreted principally by 
a study of Ancient Welsh known customs, which approximate 
closely in general to those of Ireland, Scotland, and Brittany. 

According to Bede, the rule of so-called Pictish succession 
prevailed in Scotland; this rule gave precedence to the claims 
of maternal kin, and in Irish legends and Gaelic inscriptions 
there are many little things which point to the same system. 
Though later on these maternal claims became subsidiary to the 
paternal, it no doubt shows that woman was held in high esteem, 
and may help to form the basis of a later mentioned fact. 

There were two ways of managing property, both of which 
were communalistic. By the one every man of full age had an 
equal share in the land occupied by the village irrespectively of 
his genealogical position ; by the other the succession was 
according to the laws of " gavelkind." As the village became 
too crowded, it will easily be seen that fresh settlements had to 
be made and new land reclaimed, thus clearly indicating the 
origin of the scattered hamlets and farms which prevailed in 
Celtic localities. The pursuits of the people in times of peace 
were almost entirely pastoral ; inter-commoning of herds within 
the division of land accorded to each tribe, sept, or clan was 



THE STATUS OF PEASANTRY IN PORTLAND. 75 

1, and the strips in the field were all cultivated in common. 
The tariff of compositions was all fixed in cows. 

The aboriginal Iberian population appears to have remained 
settled on the land as serfs, but not as slaves ; i.e., they held the 
lowest place in the social organisation, but were not subordinated 
to the free, being merely subjected into tributaries as regarded 
their clans and chief, and compelled to serve as hatchet men 
only in the erection of camps, unlike the Celtic free, who had 
their military obligations graduated according to personal status. 

It will thus be seen that germs of the later manorial system 
were contained in the comparatively simpler Celtic arrange- 
ments, germs which would account for the system taking strong 
and speedy root in those places where the Celtic element made 
up a considerable portion of the population, and will easily 
elucidate reasons why in an isolated part this system should for 
long defy the changing hand of time, being disguised only by a 
thin veil of modernism. 

It is now generally conceded that the power of Rome was 
never so great in the west, and that the Roman occupation of 
Britain partook more of a military than of a civil character, in 
spite of many isolated cases of Roman villa remains and traces of 
Roman culture. There is ample evidence to prove that the 
Celtic land system stubbornly held its own, though opposed to 
the Roman city, and that the Celtic people, as a rule, merely 
came to the town (or port ?) for legal or commercial purposes, 
and that Celtic customs and institutions were never uprooted in 
the south-west of Britain. One great proof of this is, that the 
emigrants from Britain to Brittany during Saxon incursions, were 
so strongly Celtic as to stamp out the Latin of Brittany and 
supplant it by their own dialects, which constitute certain 
peculiarities of Breton speech and dialect even to-day. 

The Old English social and land systems present many 
contradictory evidences, easily explainable when we consider 
the diversities of the tribes who amalgamated eventually with 
the older inhabitants of Britain. The number of petty kingdoms 



j6 THE STATUS OF PEASANTRY IN PORTLAND. 

in these early days must have accentuated these differences, but in 
spite of this some general system must have prevailed, the clue 
to which is first clearly obtained from the laws of ^Ethelbert, 
king of Jutish Kent, which show us the division of people into 
three classes, namely, earls, ceorls, and lats. Later the enact- 
ments of Ine and Alfred show a similar division in Wessex, but 
the l&ts there give place to the wealhs. These ivealhs, as well as 
ceorls, appear to have been able to attain to the rank of king's 
thane, but it has been suggested that the thane of Welsh 
extraction (wealK) was only appraised at half the value of the 
English thane ; in fact that the twelvehyndman with his were of 
i, zoos, was the English thane, and the sixhyndman with the were 
of 6oos. the Welsh thane. The ceorl seems to have originally 
come from free stock, though he afterwards fell into dependency 
in many parts, owing to later influences. 

When we come to the Danish and Scandinavian invasions, we 
find a special distinction claimed for the Northman, betraying 
his pride, independence, and love of freedom. This is, that even 
as late as Alfred's treaty with Guthrum, every Northman is placed 
on the same footing with the Englishman of high rank (the 
thane) with the were of 1,2003., meaning that every professional 
Danish and Scandinavian soldier, no matter of what status in his 
own country, claims equality with the Englishman of rank. His 
value as a warrior may have been a factor in the case, but it 
shows the haughty claims of superiority advanced by the Viking. 

These northern invaders appear to have shown special favour 
occasionally to Jutish settlements. This is easily explainable on 
the hypothesis that the Jutes and Goths were originally identical, 
having come from Gothland, in Sweden. If this be correct, with 
the strong claims of kindred among these northern nations (the 
Norse family claims were recognised to the sixth cousin, i.e., to 
the ninth generation), the fact of the Jutes obtaining a special 
meed of favour is easily explained by ties of affinity. The 
settlement of the various tribes in Britain had been largely 
affected by kindred, land being evidently allotted according to 
families. This was not without influence later. 



STATUS OF PEASANTRY IN PORTLAND. 



77 



The Old English methods of land ownership and cultivation 
approximated in many cases to the Celtic. Particularly would 
this be the case where the Romano-British population remained 
in any strength. Probably in such parts it was little more at first 
than the substitution of Teutonic for Celtic masters, but at this 
late date it is impossible to say in what proportion an admixture 
of the population might occur. In Jutish Kent the custom of 
gavelkind (the original mode of succession of free folk ?) 
prevailed, and as wherever the Jutes settled, their allies the 
Frisians appear to crop up also, the likeness to Celtic 
inheritance is strengthened, for certain tribes of the Frisians had 
the clan system fully developed. Thus as regards gavelkind and 
the claims of the family, Celts and Jutes might approximate so 
closely as to fall easily into line, and where there is strong 
presumptive evidence of the population having been originally 
Romano-British and Jute-Frisian, the system of gavelkind would 
be likely to be established so firmly that it would need very 
strong outside influence to upset it ; and it is to a population of 
this class that we should look for the survival of such a system, 
both Old English and Celtic methods having been based 
probably upon some common and more primitive arrangements, 
diversities growing out of environment and temperamental 
differences. 

The hide, the chief standard measure in land holding, is now 
clearly demonstrated to have meant a share, and not a fixed 
measure, as it varied very much in different districts. The 
Domesday hide was merely a geld hide ; i.e., a certain measure 
of land to be taxed at so much, and these hides were smaller in 
the south-western counties than in most other parts, though the 
land was assessed in much smaller units in Kent, Thanet, Wight, 
Ely, and part of Sussex. It seems natural to suppose that in the 
more fertile localities the hide would be a smaller unit than in 
sparsely peopled districts, where there was much waste land, but 
there seems to have been another factor in this case. With 
the exception of Ely, it is just such places as these we should 
look to at this period (as in Portland) for superior commercial 



78 THE STATUS OF PEASANTRY IN PORTLAND. 

intercourse, and it is perhaps more than a coincidence that (still 
with the possible exception of Ely) these are all places claimed 
as centres of Jutish colonisation. If this, indeed, be more than 
coincidence, it shows that amongst the Jutes, or what might be 
perhaps more correctly termed the Jute- Frisians, the lowest 
class of owners must have been very small holders, and that 
the land must have been divided into smaller sections than 
elsewhere. Are we to deduce from these smaller holdings 
greater individual rights of the people with regard to proprietary 
interests in the land, or does it denote here superior fertility 
of the soil, there trading facilities, or even a possible combination 
of both ? 

The Old English land system was mainly communal, in spite of 
certain private rights. The arable land was cultivated in strips, 
separated from neighbouring acres by thin fringes of unploughed 
turf called balks. These strips were sometimes hereditary, 
sometimes allotted. After the crops were gathered the fields 
became common pasture land, and individual rights were lost for 
the time. Up to the passing of the Tithes' Commutation Act in 
1836 this Old English system remained partly in force in 
Portland Isle, the fields having what were termed "open" and 
" closed " years. During the " closed " period the owners 
planted and gathered their crops in the usual way, but the 
following or "open" year the fields were treated in "common " 
and opened to all cattle of the island, irrespective of ownership. 

With regard to meadows, always a valuable asset in village life, 
it was usual to put them under prohibition until Lammas Day, 
when the grass was cut and made according to certain rules, 
after which the land became the undivided pasture of the com- 
munity. 

According to present-day legal opinion the constitution of the 
Court Baron proves that there must have been free tenants to 
constitute a manor. The Court Leet represented arrangements 
that were in full force in Saxon times, but were fitted into the 
Feudal system later. This Court Leet is still summoned twice a 
year at Portland under the same old methods of procedure, and 



THE STATUS OF PEASANTRY IN PORTLAND. 79 

the various officers still comprise the steward, bailiff, reeve, chief 
constable, affeerors, and haywards. Also the rights of pasturage 
appear to be the same as in Saxon times ; and the old methods 
of land disposal, namely, by Church-gift, by Surrender in Court, 
or by last will or testament, are still favoured by the inhabitants, 
though Surrender in Court has well-nigh died out. 

\Yhen we get to the Norman period we find that the position 
of a man is determined wholly by his services, rural sen-ices 
being most damaging, as these were considered base. The 
Norman commissioners seem to attempt to put villains, bordarii 
and cotters (i.e., people engaged in rural sendees), on one side, 
and those entirely free from these occupations on the other. 
The Kentish peasantry at the time of the survey was included in 
the rank of villainage, though later we find Kent is considered 
free from this taint, and the population there not only claim a 
superior position, but it is accorded to them still they were 
villains and bordarii in the sense of being peasant-shareholders. 
On the whole the villains and bordarii of Domesday are taken to 
be those who not only live themselves by rural work, but support 
others (i.e., the overlords) by the same, so that the status of this 
class at the time of Domesday appears to depend really on 
whether they are merely self-supporting or have to render certain 
services to others. 

The bordarii seem to have been the holders of a smaller unit 
than the villains, and the term villani is used in Domesday to 
mark off a large group of free tenants whose holdings are of a 
certain size and quality, this term not corresponding to the 
villain class of later Feudal records. Vinogradoff states 
positively that the terminology of Domesday refers to the size 
and character of tenements, and does not refer to legal distinction 
between classes of persons as in preceding and subsequent 
times ; i.e., in Old English and Feudal classification. He also 
thinks that the upper stratum of tenantry did not obtain the same 
recognition of its better position at the hands' of the western 
commissioners and jurymen. Later on, when the Feudal System 
was at its strongest, the villani were, roughly speaking, peasants, 



8o THE STATUS OF PEASANTRY IN PORTLAND. 

and the freemen knights or rent-paying tenants. Holding in 
villainage was not so much a personal disqualification as posses- 
sion of land by base agricultural services. 

Gavelkind stood in closer relation to tribal division than to 
Feudal practices, and this, together with socage tenure, was laid 
great stress upon with regard to claims of superiority in Kent. 
Also Kent lay upon an important trade route and throve by its 
privileged position. It was evidently not to the interest of the 
Norman kings to oppose the early emancipation of Kent ; they 
gained too much from the commercial pursuits of their subjects 
to reduce them to strict rule. 

The farming of the king's taxes was both important and 
lucrative, especially in a commercial centre, and we find it on 
record that the ancient Portland family of Pearce (still well 
represented in the island in point of numbers, though much of 
their landed possessions have passed away), were accorded this 
privilege in 1341. 

The privileges of Ancient Demesne were exceedingly valuable 
and peculiar. Only those manors which had belonged to the 
king in pre-Conquest days, and which again became the property 
of the Crown after the Conquest, are Ancient Demesne. When, 
in addition to this, the tenants of a manor claimed to have been 
freeholders from time immemorial (i.e., to have obtained their 
position and name by tradition of free stock), such privileges 
were of the utmost value, difficult to guage at this distance of 
time and under such greatly altered circumstances. 

The Rev. R. W. Eyton states, in reference to Portland Isle at 
the Domesday Survey, that the island with its vills and demesnes 
paid highly, and that it was not assessed according to the hide. 
He therefore inferred that it must have been both prosperous 
and populous, either from quarrying, fishing, petty trading, or 
commerce. One villain is mentioned with five serfs and ninety 
bordarii. 

To sum up as briefly as possible, the Romano-British land 
system in some of its features bore a sufficient resemblance to 
the Old English for the one to be easily grafted on the other, 



THE STATUS OF PEASANTRY IN PORTLAND. 8 1 

md in a place where a considerable section of the original 
population had remained and become slowly merged into one 
with the Teutonic colony, almost free from Norman admixture, 
such a system would be likely to remain in full force until a late 
date (though Vinogradoff gives us to understand it is unprofit- 
able work looking after survivals). 

The rule of succession amongst certain Celts shows us the 
high regard in which woman was held, the Anglo-Saxon tribes 
as a rule also holding woman in high esteem. 

The Jute-Frisian colonies, judging from Kent, appear to have 
been on the whole favoured during the later Danish invasions, 
explainable on the ground of having sprung from common stock. 
These colonies were most likely free settlers, and were perhaps 
on the same footing as the Danes with regard to wergeld. 
William the Conqueror might perhaps have shown certain favour 
to these places on the like ground of common descent, the 
Norman duchy having been founded by Rollo, the Scandinavian 
rover ; but more likely it would be the fact of such places having 
easy communication with the Continent and engaging in 
commercial undertakings profitable to the king. 

When the holdings were small, and yet the people were highly 
taxed, it seems safe to infer that they were free from base 
agricultural service, and that the overlord must have derived his 
profits from the more highly appraised trading pursuits, from all 
of which we venture to deduce that (a) Portland was an outlying 
port of consequence, its inhabitants being almost, if not quite, 
free from base agricultural service, its single villain and ninety 
bordarii being merely representative terms for owners of ground 
of a certain size (these owners having a right even to the herbage 
in some parts where the soil belonged to the Lord or Lady of 
the Manor) ; (V} that, as there is the strongest evidence of a 
Jutish or Jute-Frisian settlement, the inhabitants may have been 
placed on an equal footing with the Danes as regards wergeld ; 
and (c] that William the Norman must have shown marked 
favour to the island retaining it as a royal manor, perhaps from 
the descent of this Scandinavian colony having been the same or 



82 THE STATUS OF PEASANTRY IN PORTLAND. 

of near kin to his own ancestor, Rollo the Northman, or, what is 
more likely, because it was a valuable trading possession within 
easy access of his own Channel Islands. Be that as it may, the 
manorial inhabitants had been fused seemingly into what to all 
intents and purposes must have been considered an Anglo- 
Saxon colony, and Saxon it remained, keeping its old traditions, 
privileges, institutions, and land system with its Celtic substratum 
until well on in the nineteenth century, almost free from traces 
of Norman influence, save for certain Feudal terms and the 
remains of one or two important Norman buildings. 

Stowe comments upon the Portland women having the freedom 
of the isle as well as the men, thereby showing the estimation 
in which the sex had been held. 

Therefore, we think it likely that, though the island must 
necessarily have contained some peasantry according to the 
social system of the times, yet the inhabitants were placed on so 
favourable a footing as to justify somewhat the old traditionary 
belief in superior social status to those of the same classification 
on the mainland. 





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By ALFRED POPE, F.S.A., F.M.S. 

.ftcatf ISf/t February, 1909. 




EFORE referring to the customs of the Manors of 
Stratton and Grimston in this county, the 
Court Rolls of which came into my possession 
on the purchase of the Manors in the year 
1895, it might be found interesting if a short 
history were given of the origin of " The 
Manor" and copyhold or customary tenure of 
land as it existed in this country in the Middle 
Ages ; and, in so doing, I would state that I am 
relying principally on the information gathered 
from the standard work on copyholds by the late Mr. Sergeant 
Scriven and on an admirable little treatise, entitled " The Manor 
and Manorial Records," recently published by Mr. Nathaniel 
Hone, who has made a study of this most interesting subject. 

Sir Edward Coke was of opinion that the term "Manor" was 
derived from the French word mcsner, signifying to govern or 
guide, because the Lord of the Manor had the guiding and 
directing of all his tenants within the limits of his jurisdiction. 



84 MANORS OF STRATTON AND GRIMSTON. 

Bracton and others, on the other hand, have derived the term 
from the French manoir, a manor, according to them, denoting 
the principal residence of the owner of his land. But the more 
generally accepted definition of the term manor seems to be that 
it comprehends messuages, lands, tenements, &c., and is the 
district or compass of ground granted anciently by the kings of 
this realm to their vassals, lords, or barons, with liberty to parcel 
out the land to sub-vassals, and with power to hold a Court or 
Courts possessing civil and also criminal jurisdiction ; and where 
the greater vassals made their sub-grants the sub-grantees 
became inferior lords, and the seignory of the superior lord, 
called the lord paramount, was termed an "honour." These 
mesne or middle lords, following the example of those above 
them, granted out lesser estates until the superior lords began to 
realise that they were losing their profits in respect of wardships, 
marriages, escheats, &c. ; and in the i8th year of King Edward 
the First the Statute Quia Emptores was passed, which enacted 
that in all sales and enfeoffments of lands the feoffee should 
hold the same, not of the immediate feoffer, but of the chief lord 
of the fee, and the multiplication of manors by act of parties was 
by such Statute forbidden. 

A manor usually consisted of and comprised the following 
particulars : 

i. The Manor House with the demesne lands occupied 
therewith. 

2. The freehold tenements holden of the manor. 

3. The copyhold tenements holden of the manor. 

4. The commons and waste lands of the manor with the soil 
thereof and the mines and minerals therein and thereunder. 

5. The services which were to be rendered by the tenants of 
the manor together, with the fines, fees, and heriots incident 
thereto, the Court Baron or Customary Court with the view of 
Frank-pledge or Court Leet, and not infrequently, an advowson 
appendent to the manor. 

We will consider each of these interests separately and in 
order. 



MANORS OF STRATTON AND GRIMSTON. 85 

The term demesne lands, properly signifies the lands of a 
manor which the lord either has, or potentially may have, in his 
own hands, and a certain restriction was formerly put on the sale 
of such lands away from the manor, for by the Great Charter of 
9 Henry III., it was provided " That no man should either grant 
or sell land without reserving sufficient to answer the demands of 
his superior lord," but of later years this provision seems to have 
been ignored, for the demesne lands of a manor could by con- 
veyance, be treated as a distinct property, when they ceased to 
form part of the manor, although the rents and dues may remain, 
and where that has happened, the manor becomes a manor or 
seignory " in gross." 

The services to be rendered by the tenants of the manor have 
now mostly been commuted for a monetary payment, and the 
Courts Baron or Customary Courts have to a great extent fallen 
into disuse and have ceased to be holden, so that it seems all 
important that the records of proceedings or court rolls of these 
ancient courts should be preserved, and that the ancient customs 
of such manors as (by having less than three customary tenants 
remaining or by all the services attached thereto becoming 
extinct) have ceased to be manors, and have become manors by 
reputation only or "reputed manors," should not be lost sight of. 

As to the value of these documents to the workers in middle 
class genealogy, Mr. Hone remarks : 

" Beginning long before the establishment of parish registers, 
they form a mine of information concerning the descent of the 
yeoman class which has been well called the backbone of the 
country ; the surrenders and admittances to the yard-lands of 
the manor often show descent from father to son for many 
generations." 

As we have seen, the manor was originally granted direct from 
the kings of this realm to their vassals, lords, or barons, with 
liberty for these latter to parcel out the lands to sub-vassals, and 
by these sub-grants to form minor manors. We thus get the 
superior lord, or lord paramount, and the inferior lord, or lord 
farmer, who as a rule resided in the manor house, farmed the 



86 MANORS OF STRATTON AND GRIMSTON. 

demesne lands, presided at the Court Baron, either personally or 
by his deputy, the steAvard of the manor. 

Next to him we get the freehold tenant, who held his land in 
fee subject to a fee farm rent and to his performing certain 
services for the lord, but did not hold at the will of the lord. 

Then we have the customary or copyhold tenant Avhose lands 
were holden by copy of Court Roll ; that is, the muniments of 
title to such lands were copies of the roll or book in which an 
account was kept of the proceedings of the Courts of the Manor 
to which the lands belonged, for " all copyhold lands are said to 
belong to and to be parcel of some manor," and subject also to 
an annual rental, and to a heriot and fine on death or renewal 
and " by all other burthens, customs, and services due and of 
right accustomed," according to the custom of the manor of 
which they were holden, for "custom is the life of copyholds." 

Now let us consider the constitution of these manorial Courts. 

First we have the Court Baron or Customary Court, which was 
holden either with or without the Court Leet or View of Frank- 
pledge ; over this Court the lord or his steward presided, the 
freeholders and the customary tenants or copyholders being the 
suitors or homage. At this Court the deaths of tenants were 
presented, estates surrendered and regranted by copy of Court 
Roll, and the interests generally of the lord of the manor were 
protected. 

The View of Frank-pledge or Court Leet usually followed 
(though it may be seen from the Court Rolls of Stratton that a 
special Court Baron was sometimes separately held for the 
purpose of surrenders and admissions). At this Court offenders 
were brought up, and, if adjudged guilty, were declared at the 
mercy of the lord, fines were assessed, presentments relating to 
matters within the manor were made, and the interest both of 
the lord and his customary or copyhold tenants were protected. 
This Court was composed of the several officers of the manor, 
viz., the constable, the tithing-man, or head borough, the 
hayward, the viewers of fields and the tellers of cattle, and the 
jury and the homage. 




SURVEY OF THE MANOR OF STRATTON. 1649. 



MANORS OF STRATTON AND GRIMSTOX. 87 

Having premised thus far, I purpose to bring before you some 
of the ancient customs of the manors of Stratton and Grimston, 
two typical Dorset Manors, as disclosed by the court rolls of 
"The view of Frank-pledge or Court Leet, with the Court 
Baron of George Pitt, Esquire, and Lorah or Lora, his wife, 
lords farmers of the liberties and manors aforesaid, holden the 
loth day of October, 1728, before James Syndercombe, steward 
of the said manors." 

There is evidence that the manors of Stratton and Grimston 
were originally granted to the prebends of the Cathedral Church 
of the Blessed Mary of Sarum, and have been held by them 
certainly since the year 1329, for in a return of Ministers' 
accounts by the keeper of the possessions of Aliens, II. Edward 
III., now in the British Museum, an inventory is given of the 
possessions of Bernard de Cukiaco, " prebend of Stratton," a 
copy of which return and inventory is in my possession. The 
next evidence we have of the ownership of these manors is that 
of a survey and valuation made in August, 1649, by virtue of " A 
commission grounded upon an Act of the Commons of 
England assembled in Parliament for the abolishing of Deans, 
Deanes and Chapters, Cannons, prebends, and other Offices 
of and belonging to any Cathedral!, Collegiate Church or 
Chappell within England and Wales, and under the hands 
and seals of five or more of the Trustees in the said Act 
named and appointed," * wherein the Manor of Stratton, 
together with the Farm of Wrackleford, is referred to as having 
been demised by indenture of lease, dated the i4th day of 
December, 12 Elizabeth, by John Collshell, Clerke, prebendary 
of the prebend of Stratton in the County of Dorset unto Robert 
Bond, of Stalbridge in the said county of Dorset, Gentleman, to 
hold for the term of 90 years, under the yearly rent of ,36, one 
of the conditions bein; that he should build a sufficient and 



* This Act was revoked or ignored as not having had the assent of the King 
and the House of Lords by Charles II. 's first Parliament, 1661, when the Church 
was replaced iu possession of all her property. 



88 MANORS OF STRATTON AND GRIMSTON. 

convenient mansion house and other necessary houses upon the 
aforesaid farm of Wrackleford, and also find " sufficient lodging, 
man's-meat, horse-meat and litter for the Lessor or his successors, 
arid his servants and horses, once a year, if he or they do happen 
to come upon the said farm, provided they exceed not the number 
of 6 persons and remain not above 3 nights." Attached to such 
survey and valuation is a memorandum of the Courts and 
customs of the said Manor of Stratton as follows : 

" There is a Court Baron belonging to the sayd Manor, kept 
at the Will of the Lord." 

" A Court Leet, also kept at the usual times." 

" The Tenants of the sayd Manor are to performe their Suit 
and service to the Lord at the Courts aforesayd." 

" The tennants of the sayd Manor are customary tennants and 
hold by Custome, and not by Coppy of Court Roll." * 

" The ffines of the severall Coppyholders within the sayd 
Manor are arbitrary as the Lord and Tennants can agree." 

" The Lord ffarmer of the sayd Manner or Lessee before- 
named and his assignes for the time being, may by Virtue of 
his Lease at any time during his terme graunt and fill up all 
Estates in the sayd Customary Lands according to the Customs 
of the said Manner." 

" The Custome of the said Manner is that the Lord Farmer 
or Lessee thereof for the tyme being may graunt two Lives 
and no more, according to the Custome of the sayd Manner, 
in the severall Customary Lands and Tenements of the sayd 
Manner, and that the Widdowes of the Customary Tennants 
there ought to have and enjoy theire Widdowes Estate, according 
to the Custom of the same Manner." 

It will thus be seen that the lessee or lord farmer of the manor 
could grant an estate to his copyhold or customary tenants greater 
in extent than he himself possessed, any grants made during his 
lordship, in accordance with the above customs, being binding on 



* Later these customary tenants held by copy of Court Roll, and were called 
copyholders. 




OLD OAK OVERMANTEL IN STRATTON MANOR HOUSE. 



MANORS OF StRATTON AND GRIMSTON. 89 

his superior lord even after the expiration of his lease of the 
Manor. 

In 1570, one Angel Smith, who was buried at Stratton in 1626, 
and is said to have been lord farmer of the manors of Stratton and 
Grimston for 58 years, held the manor as lessee under the 
prebendary of Sarum, and subsequently it was held by George 
Grey, who married his daughter and co-heiress. 

In 1728, George Pitt, in right of his wife, Mrs. Lora Pitt, 
daughter and sole heiress of the said George Grey, held the 
manor. Mrs. Lora Pitt resided for some years in the old i6th 
century manor house below the Church, where is a fine old oak 
chimney piece and overmantel, with some Arms carved upon it, 
possibly those of the Grey family. 

From the Pitt family the leasehold interest in the manors passed 
by purchase and regrant in or about the year 1820 to Robert 
Pattison, whose only daughter and heiress married the Honble. 
Henry Ashley, a younger brother of the great Earl of Shaftes- 
bury ; at her death the manors, subject to existing grants, fell 
into the hands of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England 
as representing the superior lord the prebendary of Stratton, of 
whom they were purchased by the present owner. 

The Manor of Stratton consisted of the demesne or manor 
farm, with the manor house, commonable meadows along the 
River Frome, open common fields, described as East Field, 
Middle Field, and West Field, stretching up the slopes of a hill 
inclining towards the south, with common sheep downs beyond. 
These common fields were of arable land, and were divided into 
long strips, varying from one to two acres and sometimes less in 
extent, which were held in severally by different owners, the 
only division between them being narrow steps of grass known 
as walls or lanchetts. The fields were cultivated by a rotation of 
crops determined by the rules of the View of Frank-pledge or 
Court Leet, which were founded on immemorial custom. 

The tenants held their farms and tenements for two lives and 
a widowhood or widowhoods according to the above-mentioned 
custom. 



90 MANORS OF STRATTON AND GRIMSTON. 

The holdings were "livings" or "half-livings"; a whole 
living had about 10 acres of land in the common field, not 
together, but dotted about in strips of from one to two acres, in 
different parts of the field, proportionate shares in the common 
meadows, with common rights for two horses, two cows, and 
forty sheep. Above the arable land, between it and the common 
sheep downs beyond, were small enclosed pasture fields called 
" Doles " of from one to two acres each, similar in shape and in 
distribution to the strips of land in the common fields. These 
had been taken out of the downs, and each copyhold tenant had 
a " Dole " in size proportionate to his holding. The meadows 
were commonable after the hay had been cut, each tenant being 
entitled to take his foreshear or first cut of hay, which had to be 
removed before the loth of July in each year. 

Most of the strips into which the .meadows were divided were 
definitely attached to certain holdings, but some were inter- 
changeable and belonged in rotation to 2, 4, 6, or eight different 
tenants in successive years. 

The lower parts of the arable lands called the hatching ground, 
which were both more fertile and nearer the village than the 
remaining arable lands, after successive crops of wheat, barley, 
&c., were sown with clover or hay, which was fed off by the 
combined flocks of sheep belonging to the whole manor, under 
the charge of the common shepherd. 

The Manor of Grimston was divided up much in the same 
way and the customary tenants were governed by similar customs 
with those prevailing in the Manor of Stratton. 

At each annual Court Baron held with the Court Leet, the 
following officers were appointed : 

i .The constable, whose duty it was to arrest vagabonds and 
night-walkers, distrain on the goods of defaulters, and generally 
to preserve the king's peace within the manor. 

2. The tything-man or head-borough who summoned the 
jurors, served notices, &c. 

3. The hay ward, who was responsible for the fences and 
hedges, and answerable for stray cattle, &c., which it was his 



MANORS OF STRATTOX AND GRIMSTON. 9! 

duty to impound, being paid a fee of four pence per head for so 
doing. 

4. The viewers of fields and tellers of cattle, which appears 
to have been a joint appointment, their duties being to see to the 
proper rotation of crops, to procure the common bull, and to see 
that the number of commonable cattle was not exceeded by any 
tenant ; they also had to see that each tenant took his turn in the 
repair of the two common bridges, viz., Lacy's bridge and 
Hardy's bridge, and that the interchanges of the meadow lands 
were properly made. 

5. Later there were viewers of chimneys, whose duty it was 
periodically to inspect the chimneys of the tenants to see that 
they were kept swept and thus lessen the danger of fire which 
was so disastrous in a village where all the houses were thatched 
and built close together. Thus the interests of both the lord of 
the manor and of the village community were duly guarded. 

I select the following as being of interest from the numerous 
presentments which were from time to time made between the 
years 1728 and 1751, when George Pitt and Lora, his wife, were 
the lords farmers of the Manor of Stratton, by the jury and 
homage at the view of Frank-pledge with the Court Baron of the 
said manor : 

MANOR OF STRATTON. 

IOTH OCTOBER, 1728. Before JAMES SYNDERCOMBE, 
Steward. 

We present William Churchill of Colliton in or near the parish 
of Holy Trinity in Dorchester, in the County of Dorset, Esquire, 
as a freehold tenant of this Manor for his land lying in Colliton 
aforesaid by the yearly rent of 135 4d and suit of Court, and we 
further present that the said William Churchill hath been three 
times called in this Court to appear, do his suit and pay his rent 
and that he did not appear for which default we amerce him 
as 6d. 



92 MANORS OF STRATTON AND GRIMST6N. 

Same Court. We further present John Bull of Bridport a 
freehold tenant of this Manor, for lands at Ozehill in the Parish 
of Glanville Wootton, for nonpayment of 203 rent and suit of 
Court, and he is amerced 35 6d. 

Same Court. We present the right of the Lord of this Manor 
at the decease of a Tenant to a Heriot of the best Beast or best 
good as due to the Lord of this Manor. 

In the adjoining Manor of Bradford Peverell, the lord's right to 
a heriot seems to have been presented in much more compre- 
hensive terms as follows : 

OCTOBER 9x11, XLIL ELIZ. " We do present that uppon the 
death of ever)' tenante in possession there is due to the Lorde a 
herriotte or herriottes according to theire copies of theire best 
quick and living cattell, if they have not cattell then of theire 
best goodes to be taken and praised by the homage for the 
Lorde, soe that the goodes and cattell soe taken for the 
herriottes be the proper goodes of the tenante deceased." 

It must have been under some such custom as this the " Pitt " 
diamond which had been pledged to a pawnbroker in London 
who had a small copyhold tenement in Westmoreland liable to 
heriot, was said to have been seized upon his death for the 
benefit of the Lord of the Manor. 

4-TH OCTOBER, 1733. We present that the ground lying 
between Mr. Meech's ground at Bradford Gate, as now enclosed 
by Mr. Meech, is an encroachment on this Manor, and that Mr. 
Meech for such enclosure, hath usually kept a Bull for the use of 
the tenants of the Manor. 

3OTH SEPTEMBER, 1734. That David Cashire, a tenant of 
this Manor hath depastured upon the commons and wastes 
thereof 14 sheep more than he hath a right to common for. 

IQTH OCTOBER, 1738. We present and order that the 
several tenants of this Manor do appear on the ist day of 
November next by 2 o'clock in the afternoon at the pound, to 
repair together to view the Bound stones, and strike Land shires 
on the penalty of 6s 8d to be forfeited by each person neglecting 
to do the same. 



MANORS OF STRATTON AND GRIMSTON. 93 

Same Court. We present the right of the tenants to cut down 
any tree or timber to use about any repairing of Housing and doo 
allow to set two trees in the room of the same. 

24-TH OCTOBER, 1748. That no tenant shall keep or depas- 
ture on the Common or Commonable places of this Manor, 
more than 2 rother beasts for every whole place tenement, and 
more than 4 rother beasts for every whole place tenement, under 
a fine of 203 to the Lady of the Manor. 

Same Court. That no person shall keep more than 80 sheep in 
a whole place tenement, and 40 sheep in a half place tenement, 
on a penalty of 2os to be paid by every defaulter. 

I4TH OCTOBER, 1729. We present that the backwater 
between Frampton and Grimston is the bounds of each Manor. 

27TH OCTOBER, 1749. We present Lacy's bridge to be 
made fast by Charles Willis before the 5th November next on the 
penalty of 35 4d if he shall neglect to do the same. 

2 IST OCTOBER, 1756. We present that the several tenants of 
this Manor do cut their Meadow Gaass in the common Meads of 
this Manor, by the loth day of July next, and they continue to do 
so yearly for 10 years now next coming, under the penalty of 205 
for every neglect. 

26TH OCTOBER, 1758. That the tenants of this Manor have 
a right to as much of the water of the common river leading to 
Stratton Mill as will run through 9 holes of an inch diameter 
each, bored into the hatches or floodgates now erected or to be 
hereafter erected at or near the head of the said Mill, called the 
back-hatch. 

MANOR OF GRIMSTON. 

The presentments of the Jury and Homage made at the 
Courts Leet and Courts Baron of this Manor were somewhat 
different to those made at the Stratton Manor Courts. I select 
a few from the Court Rolls which may be of interest. 

IOTH OCTOBER, 1728. We present James Fisher, is a tenant 
of this Manor, and owes suit and service to this Court, and 



94 MANORS OF STRATTON AND GRIMSTON. 

ought to have been here to have done the same, but have made 
default, for which default we amerce him 2s 6d. 

We present that we may cut timber for sull bote and house 
bote, cut one and plant two. 

We present that quietly soe, quietly reape and mo we. 

We present that Margaret Slowe hath a right to drive Sheep 
and Cattle to and from Grimston Common to a close of Meadow 
called Smithhams, over the currant called Muckleford Lake, 
into Robert Wood's Meadow called Westhams, and from thence 
into John Sabins Meadow called also Westhams, and so into the 
said Smithams and from thence back again, and that the said 
John Sabbin and Robert Wood and others the inhabitants of 
Muckleford, have deprived the said Margarett Slowe of 
the way by enlarging the said Currant about two foot wider 
than it antiently was which was done by cutting Grimston 
Common. 

IQTH OCTOBER, 1753. We present that the tenants of this 
Manor shall go out on the 6th day of March next, and shall dig 
and drain the Meadows, for carrying off the water under a 
penalty of 6s 8d for every one neglecting. 

3RD OCTOBER, 1761. We present that no ducks or geese 
shall be kept in the Commons or Commonable places of this 
Manor under the penalty of as 6d for each offence. 

I2TH OCTOBER, 1781. We present that no pigs run about 
the streets or other Commonable places of the said Liberty and 
Manor under the penalty of 55. 

9TH OCTOBER, 1789. It is agreed that the several tenants of 
this Manor do meet in the West Field within this Manor on the 
1 4th inst., between 9 and 10 o'clock in the morning, to bound 
out the several Lands. And after the same shall be so bounded 
out it is ordered that each Tenant leave a Lanchett of a furrow 
between his and the adjoining land, under a penalty of 2os for 
making default. 

The following surnames taken from the earlier Court Rolls of 
these Manors may be of interest : 



MANORS OF STRATTOX AND GRIMSTOX. 95 

Fever or Feaver, Furber, Willis, Groze, Davenish or Devenishe, 
Harbin, Billett, Browne, Bagwell, Cosens or Cozens, Green, 
Cashire, Churchill, Stroude, Fisher, Hayne, Hardye, Davis, 
Bridle, Brett, Chapman, Woolfreys, Tapp, Curme, Gould, 
Frampton, Sabine, Pyle or Pye, and Ingram. 

The following names of fields mentioned in the various grants 
may also be interesting : 

Hoggards, Thornhams, Bridghams, and Millhams, Abbot's 
Ham, Upper Slight and Lower Slight, Oat Close, Stony Close, 
Oxleaze, Lawyer's Ground, Smith's Close, Lord's Mead, Plex 
Plot, Wolfehays, East Field, Middle Field and West Field, 
Brewers' Ash, Rick Field, Bush Bottom, Hoghill, The Park, the 
Quilletts, and Well-Henge Green. 

The foregoing is a short description of copyhold tenure as it 
existed in this country in the middle ages, with the customs 
prevailing in the customary courts of the Manors of Stratton 
and Grimston of a later date, and these I think may be taken as 
a fair example of the customs obtaining generally in copyhold 
manors in this county. 

It will be seen that the rise of the copyholder from a state of 
uncertainty of tenure to comparative certainty has been very 
gradual. In the reign of Edward I. he was a mere "vellein" 
attached to the soil and passing with it on sale or alienation 
holding his land at the will of the lord by villein service " to 
improve for the advantage of the lord." In the reign of Edward 
III. his position had become more secure, as the Lord could not 
at that time eject his tenant without just cause, as " that he did 
not do his services " ; and later on, a certainty of tenure was 
given to the copyholder by the judges allowing him an action of 
trespass on ejectment by his lord without just cause. Sir 
Edward Coke (afterwards Lord Coke), writing in the early part 
of the xyth century, says : 

" The copy holder now stands upon a sure ground ; now he 
weighs not his lord's displeasure, he shakes not at ever}' sudden 
blast of wind ; he eats, drinks, and sleeps securely, only having 



96 MANORS OF STRATTON AND GRIMSTON. 

a special care of the main chance, viz., to perform carefully what 
duties and services soever his tenure doth exact and custom doth 
require, then let lord frown, the copyholder cares not, knowing 
himself safe." 

The copyholder, therefore, has now as good a title as the 
freeholder, in some respects better, for all transactions relating 
to the conveyance of copyhold lands and tenements are entered 
in the Court Rolls of the Manor to which they belong, and thus 
a record is preserved of the titles of all the tenants. 





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PRESENTMENTS OF COURT BARON. 




THE MANOR OF STRATTOX. 1838. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE A. 



Fig. 1. Trieeris stenaapis, Sim. 2. Eyes from above and behind. 3. Underside 

of fore-part of abdomen. 

,, 4. Hilaira pervicax, J. E. Hull. Genital aperture. 

5. Erigone spinosa, Cambr. Full figure, upper side. 6. Profile of cephalo- 
thorax and falces, 7. One of the palpi ; e, characteristic spine 
beneath the cubital joint. 8. Palpus of Erigone atra, Bl. ; d, 
characteristic spine beneath cubital joint, showing difference from 
Fig. 7 e. 9. Profile of female falx. 10. Genital aperture, 
female. 

,. 11. Cornicularia valida, Jackson. Eyes from above and behind. 12. Profile 
of cephalothorax. 13. Genital aperture. 14. Underside of 
hinder -part of abdomen. 
,, 15. Epeira dromedaria, Walck. Female. 16. Genital process. 17. Ditto 

in profile. 

,, 18. Epeira agalena, Bl. Male, palpus shewing structure of palpal organs ; 
a, b, the two characteristic processes. 19. These two processes 
from another point of view. 20 and 21. The same from other 
points. 22. Genital process (female). 

23. Epeira trigtittata, Jaekson-Kulcz-B6s. Part of male palpus, showing 
palpal organs ; a, b, c, the three characteristic processes. 
24. Genital process, female. 25. Variety of male. 26. Part of 
male palpus, showing the three characteristic processes of the 
palpal organs from another point of view. 
, , 27. Tarentula miniata, C. L. Koch. Right palpus of male from outer side. 

28. Genital aperture, female. 

,, 29. Tarentula meridiana, Hahn. Eight palpus of male from outer side. 
30. Genital aperture, female. 

N.B. The short lines indicate the natural length of the spiders. 



PLATE A. 
Proc.Dorset,N.H.&AF. Club, Vol.XXK. 



6. 




27. 



g)n 



NOTED AND OBSERVED IN 1908. 



By Rev. 0. PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE, M.A., F.R.S., &c. 



PLATE A. 




of our 



HAVE no records just now for 1908 on any group of 
Arachnids, excepting that of the true spiders 
(Order Araneidea) ; but, having had the continued 
kind assistance of correspondents, I am able to 
note several additions of indigenous species to 
our British list and to record the discovery of 
another interesting exotic spider inhabiting hot- 
houses in Ireland, and allied to those of the 
Sub-family Onopincc, recorded in 1908, Vol. XXIX. 
Proceedings." 



Of the species now added to our list of British spiders the two 
most showy and striking in appearance are Epeira dromedaria, 
Walckenaer, and Tarantula meridiana, Hahn. The former was 
found by Dr. A. R. Jackson, of Chester, at Burnham Beeches, 
and is of so very distinct and showy an appearance that one 
wonders how it has happened never to have turned up before. 



9 8 ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 

It gives some reason, I think, to conclude that there may be yet 
many such additions still to be made by careful collecting, and 
more eyes and fingers engaged in the pursuit. The spider under 
consideration is a widely distributed and abundant form in 
France ; I have received both sexes of it from Guernsey, and the 
female from Lisbon. The other species mentioned (Tarentula 
meridiana, Hahn) is a good sized representation of the well- 
known group of "Wolf- Spiders," of which we see so many 
running about upon footpaths, and in woods, pastures, and wastes 
in hot sunshine during spring and summer. It is, when its real 
colours and markings are seen through spirit of wine (or other 
fluid), a variegated and often rather gaily marked spider ; but 
when running about it would be almost white from its covering 
of short hoary-white hairs, hence one of its synonyms Tarentula 
nivalis. This spider was found quite recently near Bexhill in 
Sussex, in a woody waste, by Mr. Frank P. Smith, of Islington. 
Another addition to our British list arises from the discovery, by 
Dr. Jackson, that we have two nearly allied species mixed up 
under one name in our collections Epeira triguttata Fabr.- 
Cambr. {Epeira agalena, Blackwall). I have come to the 
conclusion that the additional species must for the present be 
called Epeira triguttata Jackson-Kulcz-Bosenberg ; but the 
difficulty in coming to any certain conclusion, owing to the 
vague, imperfect, and confused records and descriptions of many 
authors extending back from the present time to the days of 
Fabricius the latter part of the eighteenth century may be 
guessed from the few words of detail appended (postea) to the 
record of the spider in the subjoined list, and the note on 
Epeira agalena, Blackw. This part of the subject, however, will 
probably be of interest to the specialist alone. I will only now 
add to these few general observations that the occurrence 
mentioned of another exotic spider (Tritcris stenaspis, Sim.) 
domiciled in a Dublin hothouse so far bears out the expecta- 
tion held out in my communication in Vol. XXIX., p. 163, as 
to the continued coming to us of such immigrants in foreign 
consignments of plants and fruit, &c. Indeed, within these few 



ON BRITISH ARACHXIDA. 99 

days past I have received, from a Yorkshire correspondent, 
Dr. G. H. Oliver, of Bradford, an adult female of a fine 
species of spider Zoropsis maculosa, Cambr., imported among 
bananas from the Canary Islands. Of this species I had 
received, from another correspondent about three years ago, 
several young examples from the same locality, and also in a 
package of bananas. 

Further information about the Spiders noted in the following 
List may be found in "Spiders of Dorset" 1879-81 and in 
papers published almost annually since then in the " Proceed- 
ings " of our Field Club ; also in " List of Brit, and Irish 
Spiders, 1900." I would mention also that an illustrated paper 
on some British Spiders (by Dr. A. R. Jackson) has been 
recently published (1908) ; and another (by Mr. Frank P. Smith) 
in the journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club, November, 
1908, Vol. 10, pp. 311-33 4, PI. 25. Dr. Jackson has also more 
recently still published a paper on spiders found in 1908, in 
" Trans. Nat. His. Soc. Northumberland, Durham, and New- 
castle-upon-Tyne," N.S., Vol. III., Part 2. 

My best thanks are due to the many friends who have assisted 
me in the past year, and at other times, especially to the 
following : Dr. A. Randell Jackson, of Chester ; Mr. W. Falconer, 
of Linthwaite, near Huddersfield ; Mr. Denis R. Pack-Beresford, 
Fenagh House, Bagenalstown, Ireland ; Mr. Horace Donisthorpe, 
58, Kensington Mansions, London ; the Rev. J. E. Hull, Nine- 
banks Vicarage, Northumberland ; Mr. Frank P. Smith, 
15, Cloudesley Place, Islington; Mr. Ruskin Butter field, 
Hastings, Sussex ; Mr. T. Stainforth, the Municipal Museum, 
Hull ; Mr. G. A. Dunlop, Stockton Heath, Cheshire ; Mr. A. G. 
Burton, Goole ; Mr. W. P. Winter, Shipley, Yorkshire ; Dr. 
G. H. Oliver, Bradford, Yorkshire ; Mr. Edward Saunders, 
F.R.S., Woking; Mr. H. C. Drake, Hull; Mr. George B. Welsh, 
Middlesbrough, Yorkshire ; and Dr. Grierson, M.D., Dudley 
Street, Grimsby. 



100 ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 

LIST OF 
NEW AND RARE BRITISH ARANEIDEA. 



Family DYSDERIOE. 
Sub.-fam. OONOPIIME. 

Gen. TRLERIS, Sim. 

Tpiaepis stenaspis, Sim., Pi. A (Figs, i, 2, 3). 

Triceris stenaspis, Sim., Hist. Naturelle des Araigne"es, 

Vol. I., p. 561, 1892. 
Id. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1891, 

p. 561. 

Jackson, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc., 

Northumberland, Durham, and 
Newcastle - upon - Tyne. New 
Ser., Vol. III., Part 2, p. 4. 
PI. x., Figs. 12, i2a, 12$, 

Examples of this species were found in hothouses in 
Dublin during the past year (1908) by Mr. Bagnall and 
Mr. Denis R. P. Beresford. Up to that time it had not 
been noted in the British Islands. It was most probably 
introduced among plants or baggage of some kind, and 
would thus be a further instance of species of this group 
almost certainly brought in this manner into Europe from 
exotic regions. (See " List of British Arachnida," Proc. 
Dors. N.H. and A.F. Club, Vol. XXIX., p. 165.) This 
spider has been recorded from the Island of St. Vincent, 
also from Venezuela and the Antilles. It may easily be 
distinguished from other species of this group not only by 
che position and number of the eyes (Diblemma Donisthorpii, 
Cambr.), but by differences in the dorsal and ventral scutae 
(Jschnoihyreus velox, Jackson). 



ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 10 1 

Fam. DRASSID^. 

Drassus minuseulus, L. Koch. 

A male of this very local species was kindly sent to me 
from the Camber Rye Sandhills by Mr. Edward Saunders, 
F.R.S., in October, 1908. 

Prosthesima eleeta, C. L. Koch. 

An adult female, found on Saltend Common, near Hull, 
was sent to me in May, 1908, by Mr. T. Stainforth. It is a 
very local and rare species. 

Prosthesima longipes, C. L. Koch. 

,, A. R. Jackson, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc., 

Northumberland, Durham, and New- 
castle-upon-Tyne. New Ser., Vol. 
III., Part 2, p. 1 6. 

An adult female, found by Dr. A. R. Jackson at Studland 
in June, 1908. 

Prosthesima latitans, L. Koch. 

A. R. Jackson, I.e. supra, p. 4, PI. x., 

Figs. 1 1, i ia. 

Both sexes of this rare species, the males only adult, were 
found by Dr. A. R. Jackson at West Wickham, near Bromley, 
Kent. 

Prosthesima nigrita, Fabr. 

An adult female, found by Dr. A. R. Jackson at Richmond 
in June, 1908. Though widely distributed, this seems to be 
a rare spider. 

Clubiona neg-leeta, Cambr. 

A widely distributed but rare spider; an adult male 
received from Hornsea from Mr. T. Stainforth in June, 
1908. 



IO2 ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 

Fam. DICTYNID,E. 

Dietyna variabilis, C. L. Koch. 

An adult female sent to me from the Isle of Wight in 
July, 1908, by Mr. Edward Saunders, F.R.S. ; a very 
distinct little spider, and, especially the female, quite 
unmistakable. The abdomen yellowish white with a large 
central pink spot on the upper side. It would probably be 
found much more frequently along our South and South- 
western Sea Coast, if worked for. 

Protadia subnigra, Cambr. 

An adult female from Spurnpoint, on the Eastern Coast, 
sent to me by Mr. T. Stainforth. 

Fam. AGELENID^E. 

Coelotes atropos, Walck. 

An adult female, Isle of Man, W. Falconer, September, 
1908. 

Coelotes teprestris, Wider. 

An adult female taken near Scarborough, from Mr. T. 
Stainforth, in 1908. 

Fam. THERIDIID^E. 

Theridiosoma argenteolum, Cambr. 

This curious little spider has been met with during the 
past year (June, 1908), by Dr. A. R. Jackson, in the New 
Forest (in the same spot where I found it rather abundantly 
some years ago), along with its snare ; this is of an 
imperfect orbicular form, shewing its near relationship to 
the Epeiridse. 

Robertus negleetus, Cambr. 

An adult male received from Mr. T. Stainforth, found in 
Yorkshire, in May, 1908. 



ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 103 

Hilaira exeisa, Cambr. 

Adults of both sexes received from Ireland; found by 
Mr. D. R. Pack-Beresford, in 1908. 

Hilaira pervieax, J. E. Hull (Fig. 4). 

The females, supposed to be those of Hilaira pervieax, 
J. E. Hull (Proc. Dors. F. Club, XXIX., p. 173), turn out 
on further research to be those of H. exeisa, Cambr. Rev. 
J. E. Hull has lately sent me others which appear to be, 
without doubt, those of H. pervieax, and may readily be 
distinguished from H. exeisa, by structural peculiarities. 



Gen. TMETICUS, Menge. 

This genus has long been a kind of refuge for many 
spiders, offering obscure and doubtful characters in respect 
to their generic allocation. It has been trenched in upon 
by various authors, but so far without much certain advance 
towards a readily tangible sub-division into true genera : pro- 
bably nothing will effect this until much more material is in 
hand, embracing both sexes, and a good series of individuals 
from the same locality, and also trom many other localities 
than those whence examples of the groups have already 
come. At any rate this much may be, I think, considered 
certain, that there is only one spider as yet known that can 
be considered a true type of the genus, and that is the one 
noted below as Tmeticus affinis, Blackw. Of those of the 
general group, Tmeticus, Auctt., I have at times gathered 
some together under some of the genera proposed for them 
by Kulczynski, Dahl, and other authors, but, excepting most 
of those retained or placed in Dahl's Genus, Centromerus, 
my allocations have, I confess, been made more from a 
certain practical convenience in breaking up a heterogeneous 
group, than from feeling any certainty as to their real 
scientific propriety. 



104 ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 

Tmeticus affinis, Blackw. 

Neriene affinis, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Ireland, 

p. 259, PI. xviii., Fig. 175 (1864). 
Tmeticus leptocaulis, Menge, Preuss. Spinnen, p. 185, 

PI. 35, Tab. 85, 1866. 

Examples of this species were received from Hornsea, 
sent to me by Mr. T. Stainforth in June, 1908. It is widely 
distributed, but has as yet turned up very sparingly where 
found. 

Gen. MENGEA, F. O. P.-Cambridge (for 
Pedina, Menge, pre-occupied) = Tmeticus, 
Cambr., ad partem. 

Mengea Warburtonii, Cambr. 

This species has been recently met with in East Yorkshire 
by Mr. W. Falconer. 

Gen. OREONETA, Kulcz = Tmeticus, Cambr., 
ad partem. 

Oreoneta fortunatus, Cambr. 

A rare and very distinct species (see lists in several past 
vols. of Proc. Dors. N.H. and A.F. Club), confined, as at 
present known, to S. Dorset. It will hardly retain its 
position in the genus Oreoneta when its characters have been 
more closely studied. An adult male and female were 
found at Bloxworth on iron railings in October, 1908, and 
adult females running on the ground on June loth, and 
22nd on walls at Bloxworth Rectory. 

Gen. CENTROMERUS, Dahl. = Tmeticus, 
Cambr., ad partem. 

Centromerus rivalis, Cambr. 

Adults of both sexes were received from the Rev. J. E. 
Hull, Northumberland, in May, 1908. 



ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 105 

Centromerus areanus, Cambr. 

Adults of both sexes received in May, 1908, from Mr. W. 
Falconer from near Huddersfield. 

Centromerus prudens, Cambr. 

Received from Snowdon and from Snaefell (Cumberland) 
in 1908 from Dr. A. R. Jackson. 

Mieroneta saxatilis, Blackw. 

Microneta passiva, Cambr., female (non male), Proc. 

Dors. N.H. and A.F. Club, XXVII., pp. 77, 89. 
The female, described I.e. supra and supposed to be that 
of M. passiva, Cambr., turns out to be that of M. saxatilis, 
Blackw. 

Microneta viaria, Bl. 

Microneta Nicholsonii, Cambr., Bull. Roy. Bot. Gardens, 

Kew. Additional Series V., 1906, p. 58. 
Comparison with a long series of females of Micronela 
viaria, Bl., has convinced me that M. Nicholsonii, Cambr. 
(from Kew Gardens), is an unusually developed female of 
the former species, which is an abundant and generally 
distributed form. 

Gongylidiellum vivum, Cambr. 

An adult female received in July, 1908, from Mr. D. R. P. 
Beresford, by whom it was found in Ireland. 

Gongylidiellum mureidum, Sim. 

Dr. A. R. Jackson met with adult males in my original 
locality in the New Forest, in June, 1908. One British record 
only existed, previously to my meeting with both sexes in 
the Forest in June, 1895, of an adult male, Wicken Fen, 
Cambridgeshire, some years previously. The occurrence of 
the female also, in the Forest in June, 1895, was accident- 
ally omitted in my note in Proc. Dors. N.H. and F. Club, 
1895, p. 125. Probably a little assiduous collecting would 



Io6 ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 

turn it up in fair abundance in the swampy situations 
mentioned, and, perhaps, in others of a similar kind. 

Epigone spinosa, Cambr., PL A. (Figs. 5, 6, 7, 9, 10). 

Erigone spinosa, Cambr., " Naturalist," October, 

1908, p. 378, Figs. A., B., C., D. 

This very characteristic species has again been met with 
in the neighbourhood of Hull since my notice of it (Proc. 
Dors. N.H. and A.F. Club XXIX., p. 175). I now add 
figures of both sexes. The female, not before described, is 
less brightly coloured than the male ; there is a row of small 
spiniform tubercles along the outer side of the falces, but 
these are inconspicuous compared with their great develop- 
ment in the male. The genital aperture is of a very distinct 
form from all the rest of the British species, though of 
somewhat obscure structure. 

Epigone aretica, White-Cambr. 

Adults of both sexes occurred near Sunderland, where 
they were found and sent to me by the Rev. J. E. Hull ; I 
have also received it from Ireland, from Mr. D. R. P. 
Beresford. 

Styloetetop inuneans, Sim. 

An adult male of this rare species was found by Mr. 
Edward Saunders, on the Rye Sandhills, and kindly sent to 
me by him in October, 1908. 

Lophoeapenum stpamineum, Menge. 

An adult male received from Ireland from Mr. D. R. P. 
Beresford (see Dors. F. Club Proc. XVIII. , p. 131). 

Cnephaloeotes incupvatus, Cambr. 

Tapinocyla incurvata, Cambr., Brit, and Irish Spid., 

p. 48, 1900. 

An adult male was sent to me from near Sunderland, in 
the autumn of 1908, by the Rev. J. E. Hull. Although this 
is a strikingly distinct species, the difficulty of allotting it to 



ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 107 

its right position, genetically speaking, is very considerable. 
The above is only the second record of this rare spider. 

Cornieularia valida, A. R. Jackson (Figs, u, 12, 13, 14). 

Cornicularia valida, A. R. Jackson, Trans. Nat. Hist. 
Soc., Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle- 
upon-Tyne, New Ser., Vol. III., Part 2., p. 7, 
PI. x., Fig. 10. 

A species new to science, allied to Cornicularia umcorms, 
Cambr., but much longer, and its caput more strongly 
granulose on the thorax and sternum. The cephalothorax 
is black-brown, caput smooth, and the sides of the thorax 
coarsely granulose and rugulose. The abdomen is jet 
black, the legs bright rich orange-red, and with the palpi 
are furnished with hairs only. The eyes of the hind- 
central pair are closer together than each is to the hind- 
lateral on its side. Underneath the abdomen at some little 
distance from the spinners is a transverse slightly curved slit, 
probably leading to spiracular organs. The genital aperture, 
though bearing some resemblance to that of C. tinicorm's, is 
distinctly narrower at its posterior extremity than in that 
species. 

The example above described was kindly sent to me by 
Dr. A. R. Jackson, by whom it was found near Chester 
in 1908. 

Panamomops bicuspis, Cambr. 

An adult male taken at Scarborough by Mr. Henry C. 
Drake, of Hull, was sent to me in May, 1908, by Mr. T. 
Stainforth. 

Fam. EPEIRID.ffi. 

Eugnatha striata, L. Koch. 

An immature male received from Mr. D. R. P. Beresford, 
found in Ireland (at Ballysadare, County Sligo), some years 
ago. The only previous records of this species are Ware- 
ham, Dorset, 1894, and Sutton Broad, Norfolk, 1906. 



Io8 ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 

r 

Sing-a sang-uinea, C. L. Koch. 

Adult females were found by Dr. A. R. Jackson in the 
New Forest in June, 1908. 

Epeira ang-ulata, Clk, 

An adult male of this fine species was found and kindly 
sent to me by Mr. Eustace Bankes from near Corfe Castle, 
Dorset, in July, 1907. It is found also, though rarely, in 
old fir plantations between Bloxworth and Wareham, but is 
fairly numerous in the New Forest, between Brockenhurst 
and Lyndhurst, on low trees and stunted bushes. 

Epeira agalena, Bl. (Figs. 18, 19, 20, 21, 22). 

Epeira agalena, Bl., Spid. G.B. and Ir., p. 334, PI. 

XXIV., Figs. 242, a, b, c, d, e, f. 

tnguttata, Fabr.-Cambr., List of Spiders of 

G.B. and Ir., p. 57. 

Araneus Slurmii, Jackson-Kulcz.-Bosenberg. Trans. 
Nat. Hist. Soc., Northumberland, 
Durham, and Newcastle-upon- 
Tyne. New Ser., Vol. III., Part 
2, p. ii, PL x, Fig. 7-7d. 

Dr. A. R. Jackson has discovered that we have two species 
mixed up in our collections under the name of Epeira 
agalena, Bl. (E. triguttata, Fabr.-Cambr.). In accordance 
with the opinion of M. Simon, obtained many years ago, I 
concluded (in my " List of Spiders of Great Britain and 
Ireland, 1900 ") Mr. Blackwall's species to be the Epeira 
triguttata of Fabricius, but this has now, in the presence of 
two species (which we certainly appear to possess), to 
be reconsidered. There is no doubt whatever but that 
Mr. Blackwall was acquainted with only one form. I 
have the type specimens from which his figures and des- 
criptions were drawn and described. In the form which 
Mr. Blackwall describes he says of the male that " the 
" palpal organs have a bilobed process on the under side ; 
" one of these lobes is directed outwards, and is terminated 






ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 109 

" by three pointed spines of unequal length ; the other lobe 
" is contiguous to the inferior margin of the joint, and is 
" terminated by a prominent slightly-curved pointed spine." 
With this the figure in his plate of those organs exactly 
agrees. In the other form, which we now conclude to be 
a distinct species, the " bilobed process " described by 
Mr. Blackwall is present, and near to it is another con- 
spicuous and prominent, but less in size and terminating in 
a curved pointed spine. The two forms are strikingly 
similar in general colour and pattern, though both exhibit 
variations, and hitherto I have myself found all attempts 
to differentiate them satisfactorily by mere colours and 
markings out of the question. So far as respects the males. 
With regard to the females, we also find mixed up with this 
sex in our collections two fairly differentiated forms. Mr. 
Blackwall gives no figure of the critical point of structure 
in that sex, but describes it in terms which apply well to his 
type, which type agrees also with the female of E. Sturmii, 
Jackson-Kul.-B6s. It would be not only satisfactory, but 
most interesting, to find out which of the two forms I have 
mentioned was probably that described as E. triguttata by 
Fabricius, but this is, I think, out of the question, owing to 
the brevity and vagueness of his description and to the 
non-existence of any type of his species ; and, although 
M. Simon describes two forms in his "Araneides de 
France," one of which he considers to be that of Fabricius, 
he gives no certain differentiation of the palpal organs of 
the respective males. One of his forms he calls E. triguttata, 
Fabr., the other E. Sttirmii, Hahn. Of all the other Con- 
tinental authors I have been able to consult none give us 
any real assistance, excepting two quite recent arachnolo- 
gists, Prof. Lladislas Kulczynski and Herr Bosenberg. 
These authors figure the palpal organs of their two forms 
of the male and of the genital aperture and its process 
(epigyne) of the respective females, but on what grounds 
they have thus allocated the sexes of the two forms we are 



110 ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 

not told, though doubtless they are right ; and it may be 
remarked that the figures given (Araneides de France, 
PI. II., Vol. I., Figs. 1,2) by M. Simon correspond respec- 
tively with those of the epigyne in each as figured by 
Kulczynski and Bosenberg. The second form figured and 
recorded by Kulczynski and Bosenberg is called by them 
Epeira triguttata, Fabr., and appears to agree with the other 
form which we now conclude to be hitherto unrecorded in 
Britain as a separate species. Whether it is the true 
E. triguttata, Fabr., or not it seems impossible, as I have 
above observed, as yet to decide with certainty ; or whether 
the other species those authors figure is Epeira Slurtnii, 
Hahn., or not is equally, or even, it seems to me, more 
doubtful. All that is certain is that one of our British forms 
is Epeira agalena, Bl. Perhaps the best course to adopt at 
present is to record the one we have found to be mixed 
up in England with E. agalena as Epeira trigutlala, Jackson- 
Kulcz. -Bosenberg. All of the authors I have consulted, 
excepting the two specially mentioned above and M. Simon, 
include Epeira Sturmii, Hahn., as a synonym of E. triguttata, 
Fabr., or of E. agalena, Bl., or of both. 

Epeira triguttata, Jackson-Kulcz-Bosenberg (Figs. 23, 24, 

25, 26). 

Araneus Iriguttatus, Jackson-Kul-Bos., Trans. Nat. 
Hist. Soc., Northumberland, 
Durham, and Newcastle-upon- 
Tyne. New Sen, Vol. III., 
Part 2, PI. x., Figs. 6, 6a, b, c, d. 

To what has been said in respect to the preceding 
species, E. agelena, BL, it need only be added here that 
the two fofms appear to be about equally abundant in 
Dorset and widely distributed, though, perhaps, rather 
local. Among examples of the newly-recorded form I have 
some males marked on the upper side at the fore extremity 
with three large well defined white spots in the form of a 



ON BRITISH ARACHXIDA. Ill 

triangle. This variety, I have before noted (Proc. Dors. 
X.H. and A.F. Club, 1905, Vol. XXVI., p. 54), as most 
probably identical with Epeira signata, Bl. 

Epeira dromedapia, Walck (Figs. 15, 16, 17). 

Epfira dromedaria, Walck., Simon, Les Arachn. de 

France I., p. 62, 1871. 
Araneus dromedarius, Walck., A. R. Jackson, I.e. supra, 

p. 9, PI. x., Fi^s. 8, 8a. 

Adult females of this fine species were found at Burnham 
Beeches, in June, 1908, by Dr. A. R. Jackson, and had been 
up to that time unrecorded as British. I have received both 
sexes from Guernsey from Mr. E. W. Marquand, and the 
female from Lisbon ; it is also said to be abundant and 
widely distributed in France. It may, perhaps, be a local 
spider in Great Britain, but possibly a little careful work in 
the locality mentioned would turn it up in fair numbers. 
It can hardly be mistaken for any other known British 
species, both its form and markings being so very distinct 
and characteristic. 



Fam. 

Xysticus luetuosus, Black\v. 

Adult females were received in July, 1908, from Dr. 
Grierson, by whom they were found near Grimsby, Lincoln- 
shire. 

Philodpomus emarginatus. Schrank. 

Philodromus limatipes, Cambr., Spid. Dors., pp. 334 
and 538 ; Proc. Dors. F. 
Club, XIV., p. 1 6 1. 

It has been long known to me that these two species 
were identical, but the record of this identity has been until 
now inadvertently omitted in past records of British spiders. 
It is a very distinct and widely distributed spider, having 
been found both in Scotland and in Hampshire and Dorset 
on the lower branches of Scotch firs. 



112 ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 

Fam. LYCOSID^S. 

Dolomedes fimbriatus, Walck. 

Adults of both sexes of this large and showy spider were 
found abundantly in a ditch on the borders ol a swamp at 
Hyde, near Bloxworth, in June, 1908, by Dr. A. R. Jackson. 

Tarentula miniata, C. L. Koch (Figs. 27, 28). 

An adult male received from Mr. G. A. Dunlop, by whom 
it was found at Highton, Lancashire ; also adult females in 
October, 1908, from Mr. Edward Saunders, from the 
Camber Rye Sandhills, Sussex. 

Tarentula meridiana, Hahn (Thorell Syn., Europ. Spid., 

p. 274). (Figs. 29, 30.) 

Tarentula nemoralis, Westr., Araneae Suecica, p. 472. 
F. P. Smith, Journ., Quekett 

Microscopical Club, 1907, p. 
185, and 1908, p. 320. 
,, nivalis, C. L. Koch., Die Arachn., xiv., p. 

119, pi. xiv.,, fig. 1409-1410. 

Both sexes of this interesting addition to our List of 
British Spiders were received in 1908 from Mr. F. P. Smith, 
who found them in a wood and on wastes near Bexhill, 
Sussex. 

The species is very closely allied to T, miniata, C. L. 
Koch, but it is usually less distinct and bright in its 
markings, and appears to frequent a different habitat, the 
latter being, so far as my experience goes, found on dry, 
bare, and sandy spots, while T. meridiana appears to inhabit 
more commonly woodland and \vaste regions. Dr. Thorell 
gives it as identical with Tarentula niralis, C. L. Koch, 
a species I met with frequently in Alpine regions on the 
Continent, on wooded slopes and banks and wastes by 
streams and rivers. The examples received from Sussex 
agree structurally, as well as in other respects, with the 



ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 113 

examples I met with in those localities, and also with 
German types of T. ntvah's, C. L. Koch, received many years 
ago from Dr. Ludwig Koch. 

Lycosa Purbeckensis, F. O. P.-Cambr. 

An adult male was received from near Hull, from Mr. T. 
Stainforth in May, 1908. 

Fam. SALTICID^. 

Hyetia Nivoyi, Lucas. 

Adults of both sexes were received from Saltend 
Common, near Hull, from Mr. T. Stainforth, in May, 1908, 
and from the Camber Rye Sandhills, where they were found 
by Mr. Edward Saunders. Mr. W. Falconer tells me he has 
also met with it in East Yorkshire in 1908. 

Saltieus fopmicarius, Walck. 

Immature examples were sent to me from Sandown, in 
the Isle of Wight, by Mr. H. Donisthorpe in September, 
1908, and Mr. F. P. Smith records it also from the Isle of 
Wight (Journ. of the Quekett Microscopical Club, 1907, p. 
181, and 1908, p, 319). 




LIST OF ARACHNIDA 

(In the foregoing pages with references to page and Plate A], 

'riaeris stenaspis, Simon p. 100. PL A. Figs, i, 2, 3. 

Drassus minusculus, L. Koch p. 101. 

^rosthesima electa, C. L. Koch p. 101. 

,, longipes, C. L. Koch p. 101. 

latitans, L. Koch p. 101. 

,, nigrita, Fab. p. 101. 

lubiona neglecta, Cambr. p. 101. 



114 ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 

Dictyna variabilis, C. L. Koch p. 102. 

Protadia subnigra, Cambr. p. 102. 

Coelotes atropos, Walck. p. 102. 

terrrestris, Wider. p. 102. 

Theridiosoma argenteolum, Cambr. p. 102. 

Robertus neglectus. Cambr. p. 102. 

Hilaira excisa, Cambr. p. 103. 

pervicax, J. E. Hull p. 103. PI. A. Fig. 4. 

Tmeticus affinis, Blackw. p. 104. 

Mengea Warburtonii, Cambr. p. 1 04. 

Oreoneta fortunatus, Cambr. p. 104. 

Centromerus rivalis, Cambr. p. 104. 

,, arcanus, Cambr. p. 105. 

prudens, Cambr. p. 105. 

Microneta saxatilis, Blackw. p. 105. 

passiva, Cambr. p. 105. 

,, viaria, Blackw. p. 105. 

,, Nicholsonii, Cambr. p. 105. 

Gongylidiellum vivum, Cambr. p. 105. 

murcidum, Simon p. 105. 

Erigone spinosa, Cambr. p. 106. 

,, arctica, White-Cambr. p. 106. 

Styloctetor inuncans, Simon p. 106. 

Lophocarenum stramineum, Menge p. 106. 

Cnephalocotes incurvatus, Cambr. p. 106. 

Cornicularia valida, A. R. Jackson, 

sp. n. p. 107. PI. A. Figs. 11-14. 

Panamomops bicuspis, Cambr. p. icy. 

Eugnatha striata, L. Koch p. 107. 

Singa sanguinea, C. L. Koch p. 108. 

Epeira angulata, Clerck. p. 108. 

agalena, Blackw. p. 108. PI. A. Figs. 18-22. 
triguttata, Jackson-Kulcz- 

Bosenberg p. no. PI. A. Figs. 23-26. 

dromedaria, Walck. p. in. PI. A. Figs. 15-17. 

Xysticus luctuosus, Blackw. p. in. 






ON BRITISH ARACHNIDA. 115 

Philodromus lineatipes, Cambr. p. in. 

,, emarginatus, Schrank. p. in. 

Dolomedes fimbriatus, Walck. p. 112. 

Tarentula miniata, C. L. Koch. p. 112. PI. A. Figs. 27-28. 
meridiana, Hahn. p. 112. PI. A. Figs. 29-30. 

Lycosa Purbeckensis, F. O. P.- 

Cambr. p. 113. 

Hyctia Nivoyi, Luc. p. 113. 

Salticus formicarius, Walck. p. 113. 



on tlpe porsef 



By the Rev. E. F. LINTON, M.A. 

(Read Feb. ISth, 1909. ) 




II. 



HIS paper forms a continuation of that in the 
preceding Volume (Vol. XXIX., p. 14), and deals 
with the Monocotyledones and the Vascular 
Cryptogams. For the sake of uniformity the 
nomenclature is still taken from the ninth edition 
of the London Ca/atogue, though a tenth edition 
has since appeared, with (unfortunately for 
students in botany who long for finality) many more changes 
in familiar names. The districts of the county are lettered as 
before, in conformity with the Dorse/ Flora, and the collector's 
name is added after the locality, where it is other than that of 
the present writer. 

Neottia Nidus-avis, Rich. F. Woodland, Bonslea Chase, 
Okeford Hill. Kingston Lacy Park, in the belt of woodland 
skirting the northern side ; frequent in the belt of woodland to 
the east and N.E. of St. Giles' Park ; " Hyles' " on the southern 
borders of Edmondsham. Lis/era ovata, R. Br. D. Lytchett 
Matravers ; near Sherford Bridge, F. Shapwick ; abundant and 



NOTES ON THE DORSET FLORA. liy 

very fine in the belt round Kingston Lacy Park ; Westley Wood ; 
High Wood ; by Crichel Pond. G. Langton Wood, Rev. W. M. 
Rogers. Creech Grange ; Kingston-; Rempstone ; Woolgarston. 
Spiranthes atitumnalis, Rich. F. Talbot Churchyard ; field 
near the gamekeeper's cottage, Edmondsham, and in a field 
between Edmondsham and Venvood ; also near Mount Pleasant, 
Woodlands. G. Near Corfe Castle, both west and east. 
Cephalanthera ensifolia, Rich. F. I have looked for this in 
flower in vain in the Creech Hill plantation, but have seen two 
or three plants in leaf at one spot, which I take to be this 
species ; the wood abounds in C. pa/lens, Rich. (White Helle- 
borine), which grows here to a great size ; the latter also occurs 
in small quantity at the base of Hod Hill. Epipactis latifoh'a, 
All. F. At the same spot below Hod Hill ; plantation on the 
borders of Edmondsham, and also by a shady roadside near 
Westworth Farm. E. palusiris, Crantz. F. In a wet meadow 
by the Cran near Edmondsham. This is some miles north of 
the only other record for this district, an old and very vague one 
by Pulteney. It is stated by Wise (quoted in the Flora of Hants] 
to be plentiful near Fordingbridge, but I have not succeeded in 
finding the locality, which might quite possibly be in Dorset. 
Orchis pyramidalis, L. F. Near Castle Hill, and plentiful 
along the margins of the lane from Edmondsham to St. Giles 
and of the Wimborne to Cranborne road near where it crosses 
the lane ; by a chalk-pit between Shapwick and Kingston Lacy. 
G. Dancing Ledge. 0. ustulala, L. Blagdon Down, near 
Cranborne. O. Morio, L. D. Wareham. F. Plentiful in several 
fields about Edmondsham, and remarkable for the great variety 
of colour from deep purple to pure white, and of the markings 
on the lower lip, in a field of rather light soil near Westworth 
Farm. G. Stoborough. 0. incarnaia, L. F. Near Wareham 
and E. of Wareham Station. F. Half-a-mile S. of Broadstone ; 
Witchampton ; Edmondsham; by the R. Cran, S.E. of Cran- 
borne. G. Bushey ; Godlingston Heath. O. lat/folia, L. D. 
Wareham ; East Morden, Sherford Brook. E. Shillingston. F. 
Heath near Wallis Down ; Broadstone ; Cow Grove, Wimborne ; 



Il8 NOTES ON TriE DORSET FLORA. 

High Hall ; Shapwick ; Woolbridge, and along the Peat Moors 
River ; Edmondsham. G. Swanage ; Corfe Castle ; Wool- 
garston ; Arne. This species is commoner than the Flora of 
Dorset leads one to suppose. 

O. maculata, L., and O. ericeiorum, Linton, have in the past 
been united under the former name as the Spotted Orchis, but 
are now placed in the new edition of the London Catalogue as 
separate species. O. maculafa, L., has generally rather broader 
leaves and an ovate-cylindrical spike ; the lip is divided in three 
subequal deltoid lobes, of which the middle lobe is slightly the 
longest. Its habitat is in open woods, waysides, and banks, 
chalk downs, &c. No localities are given in the Flora, and I 
have few notes of this segregate, which is probably well 
distributed and fairly common, except in the heath districts. D. 
Morden. E. Compton Abbas. F. Badbury Rings ; Shapwick ; 
W. M. Rogers. Westley Wood ; Hemsworth Down ; Crichel ; 
Verwood ; Sutton Holms ; Edmondsham ; near Stourpaine and 
Bonslea Chase. G. Swanage and near Langton Wood, W. M. 
Rogers. Woolgarston ; Corfe Castle. O. ericetonim, Linton. 
This begins flowering two or three weeks before the last species, 
soon after the middle of May in an average season. Its leaves 
are rather narrow and often recurved in the upper part ; the lip 
of the flower is broadly expansive and unequally divided ; the 
side lobes are broad, crenate, seldom pointed ; the mid-lobe is 
small, triangular, scarcely as long as the prominent side lobes, 
and, being usually more or less recurved, looks shorter than it 
really is. This species occurs freely in the moister parts of 
heaths and in boggy meadows, and avoids the chalk and all stiff 
soil. Several localities were given in a former paper. I add F. 
Moist meadows, Edmondsham ; moist pasture of a fibrous soil 
near Sutton Holms, but in St. Giles Parish. O. ericetorum x 
latifolia. F. Two wet meadows near the R. Cran, Edmondsham, 
where both species grow together. 

Ophrys api'Jera, Huds., Bee Orchis. F. By a chalk-pit near 
Holwell, Cranborne, and in a rough pasture near Castle Hill, in 
Edmondsham. G. Near Chapman's Pool ; near Norden Farm, 



NOTES ON TlHE DORSET FLORA. 119 

Corfe Castle ; Ulwell. Habenaria conopsea, Benth. F. Witch- 
ampton ; rough pasture between Edmondsham and Woodlands. 
G. Rempstone ; Godlingstone Heath. H. bifoh'a, R. Br. F. 
Moist side of railway, Goatham. H. chloroleuca, Ridley. F. 
Woods in Edmondsham and St. Giles ; copse near Boveridge ; 
Sutton Holms ; High Wood ; Dairy Wood. G. Woolgarston. 

Iris fxlidissima, L. Frequent on calcareous soils, absent from 
the heathland. C. Preston. F. Shapwick ; abundant in the 
belt around Kingston Lacy Park ; High Wood ; Hemsworth ; 
Mange Wood ; Queen's Copse ; Edmondsham ; Cranborne. G. 
Studland ; Creech Grange ; Woolgarston ; Kingston ; Encombe. 

Narcissus Pseudo-narcissus, L., Common Daffodil. D. Lytchett 
Matravers, abundant in woods and pastures. F. Copse S. of 
Wimborne ; woodland and pasture, Edmondsham. G. Wyck, 
L. V. Lester-Garland, Esq. Galanthus nivalis, L., Snowdrop. 
F. Bushy field border, Edmondsham, where it may be native. 
Leucojum ccstivum, L., Snowflake. Wet coppice, Shapwick, 
where it was pointed out by the late Rev. R. P. Murray. 

Tamus communis, L. Local rather than " generally dis- 
tributed." I never saw it on the heathland. D. Aimer to East 
Mordcn ; Sherford Brook ; Lytchett Minster. F. Hampreston ; 
near White Mills ; Bailey Gate ; Kingston Lacy ; Hemsworth ; 
Dairy Wood ; West Moors and Cross Keys ; Holt; Woolbridge ; 
P'dmondsham. G. Studland ; Swanage, W. M. Rogers. Near 
Corfe Castle ; Woolgarston. 

Ruscus aculeaiits, L. Butcher's Broom. F. Hemsworth ; West 
Moors ; Woodlands ; Edmondsham ; Cranborne and Boveridge. 
In the latter neighbourhood berries arc very infrequent, though 
the female plant abounds ; infertile perhaps from the absence of 
the staminiferous plant, which has not yet been detected. 
Asparagus officitialis, L. F. Miss K. G. Firbank reported this 
plant in plenty on Poole Harbour sandbanks; recorded in 1799 
by Pultcney. All him rincale, L. In its common form var. 
compacluin. D. Lytchett Minster churchyard. F. Railway banks 
N. of Bailey Gate ; King's Down ; Edmondsham, hedge banks 
on the side towards St. Giles'. G. Scotland Farm, near Corfe 



120 NOTES ON THE DORSET FLORA. 

Castle ; both sides of Ballard Down. Var. bulbiferurn, Syme, 
bearing some flowers as well as bulbils. F. Grassy bank near 
the shore of the harbour, Tattenham, Longfleet. - A. arsinum, L. 
Plentiful in some districts, but local ; absent from the heath 
country ? F. In a copse near Bradford Farm, abundant ; 
Edmondsham, frequent ; Horton. G. Rempstone ; Knowle 
Hill. Ornithogalum umbellatum, L. D. N. to N.E. of Wareham. 
F. Pasture near Longfleet Church. Tulipa sylvestris, L. In a 
field at Melbury Osmunde, where some old inhabitants said 
" it always grew there." Miss K. E. Weatherley. Narthecium 
Osst/ragum, Huds. D. Heaths N.W. and E. of Wareham; 
Lytchett Minster. F. Boggy drain, Talbot Heath to Newtown, 
abundant ; near the railway, Wimborne to Broadstone, and West 
Moors to Verwood, frequent ; Goatham. G. Corfe Castle. 

Juncus squarrosus, L. D. N.W. and E. of Wareham ; Lytchett 
Minster ; Morden Decoy. F. Talbot Heath, near Bournemouth ; 
Upton ; West Moors ; Woolbridge ; Goatham. G. Corfe Castle 
and near the Corfe river ; Rempstone. J '. Gerardi, Loisel. 
D. Hamworthy ; Lytchett Minster ; Wareham, by the harbour, 
and Keysworth. J. effusus x glaucus (J. diffusns, Hoppe). F. 
Bailey Gate ; meadow between Shapwick and Spetisbury ; by the 
Peat Moors River; rough wet pasture, Edmondsham. G. Near 
Scotland Farm, Corfe Castle. /. maritimus, Lam. D. Marshes 
from Hamworthy Junction to Lytchett Minster. J. supinus, 
Mcench, var. Kochii, Bab. F. Boggy stream feeding the Coy 
Pond, Talbot Heath. G. Corfe to Wareham. J. obtusiflorus, 
P'hrh. F. Wet meadow by R. Cran, on the borders of Edmond- 
sham. J, acutiflorus x lamprocarpus. G. Littlesea. Luzula ver- 
nah's, DC. D. Lytchett Matravers ; copse N. of East Morden. 

F. Westley Wood and Foxholes near Bailey Gate ; High Wood ; 
Dairy Wood ; Hemsworth ; Crichel ; Woodlands ; Edmondsham. 

G. Rempstone. L. maxima, DC. D. Abundant in copse N. of 
East Morden. F. Foxholes Wood, near Bailey Gate ; Castle 
Hill Wood, Edmondsham. G. Corfe Castle ; Rempstone. 

Typha latifolia, L. Reedmace. D. Sherford Brook ; Lytchett 
Minster; near Wareham. F. Branksome Chine; pond in the 



NOTES ON THE DORSET p'LORA. 121 

grounds long occupied by Mr. Blanchard at Parkstone ; West 
Moors ; Woolbridge ; brickyard by Venvood Station ; Witch- 
ampton. G. Corfe Castle; Littlesea. Mr. Blanchard could 
remember his pond being made, and of course at first there was 
no Typha, nor was it ever planted there. By 1897 it filled one- 
third of the pond, and gave cover for two or three moorhens' 
nests. How did it get there ? No doubt isolated ponds get 
their waterweeds often in the first place by seeds conveyed in 
the mud attached to the feet of water fowl. Sparganium 
ramosum, Huds. F. West Moors ; by the R. Cran, between 
Cranborne and Verwood. G- Stoborough meadows ; Corfe 
Castle.- S. simplex, Huds. D. Wareham. F. Wimborne to 
Canford ; West Moors and Cross Keys ; Goatham. G. 
Stoborough meadows. 

Altsma P/aniago, L. (Water Plantain), var. lanceolatum, Afz. 

F. Pool near N.W. corner of Poole Harbour ; i.e., near Ham- 
worthy Junction. A. ranunculoides, L. D. Lytchett Minster; 
Sherford Brook ; Wareham. F. Lower Barnsley ; Woolbridge ; 
Peat Moors R. G. Creech, W. M. Rogers. 

Triglochin paluslre, L. D. Lytchett Minster. F. Cow Grove, 
near Wimborne ; near High Hall ; valley of R. Cran, in and 
near Edmondsham. G. Corfe Castle and Scotland Farm. 7'. 
maritimum, L. D. Keysworth ; Wareham, near the harbour; 
Lytchett Minster. F. By Poole Park ; Poole to Creekmoor. 

G. By the Corfe River; Arne ; Winspit. Poiamogeton crispus, L. 
F. Near Bailey Gate Station ; Kingston Lacy ; West Moors ; 
Cross Keys. G. Corfe Castle. P. densus, L. Leigh Common, 
W. M. Rogers. Kingston Lacy ; Lower Barnsley. G. R. Frome, 
Wareham ; Corfe Castle. P. actttifolius, Link. G. Stoborough 
meadows, where it was much finer than in the well-known 
station on the N. side of Wareham in District D. Zannichellia 
palustris, L. F. Edmondsham, in a small stream, where it has 
more than one year been seen in flower before the end of March ! 

Cypeius fuscu s, L. D. The locality for this very rare plant is 
given in the first list of Addenda in the Flora, viz., Bere Regis, 
and the first record is attributed to " Mansel-Pleydell, 1893." I 



122 NOTES ON THE DORSET FLORA. 

believe Mr. Mansel-Pleydell hoped to bring out the Flora in 
that year, and wrote this list of Addenda I. in that expectation ; 
but the publication was delayed till 1895, and meanwhile this 
species and some of the others that have the same heading were 
recorded in 1893 in the Journal of Botany. C. fuscus occurred 
not only at Bere Regis, but at a marshy spot a mile or more 
down the valley. Eleocharis multicauh's, Sm. D. Lytchett 
Minster ; Morden Decoy. F. Wallis Down ; near Creekmoor ; 
Cow Grove, Wimborne ; Uddens ; West Moors ; Witchampton ; 
Crichel Pond ; Vervvood Common. G. By Little Sea ; Corfe 
Castle. Scirpus fluitans, L. Common in heath districts, local 
elsewhere. D. Lytchett Minster; E. and N.E. of Wareham 
Station ; Morden Decoy. F. Branksome Chine ; Parkstone ; 
near Creekmoor ; West Moors ; Holt ; East Moors River ; 
Verwood ; Goatham. G. Stoborough ; Bushey ; Corfe Castle ; 
Little Sea. S. cernuus, Vahl. (6. Savii, Seb. and Maur.). D. 
Salt marsh a little to the west of Hamworthy Junction. F. 
Shore between Poole and Creekmoor, abundant. G. Studland, 
plentiful in wet lane leading down to the shore ; mouth of 
Corfe River. .S. se/aceus, L. F. Parkstone ; Sutton Common ; 
Edmondsham, in springy spots in a field known as " Hyles " and 
another field sloping towards the R. Cran. G. Corfe Castle. 
6". Tabernaemontani, Gmel. D. Hamworthy Junction ; Lytchett 
Minster ; Keysworth and E. of Wareham towards the harbour. 
F. Between Sterte and Creekmoor, near Poole. G. Mouth of 
Corfe River, abundant. 6". maritimus, L. Lytchett Minster; 
Keysworth. E. Usually a seaside Clubrush, this species is in 
some abundance in the Stour near the bridge at Sturminster 
Newton. F. Abundant about half-way between Sterte and 
Creekmoor, on the shore of Poole Harbour. It also occurs 
several miles inland in brickyard pools by Verwood Station. G. 
Mouth of Corfe River. 6". sylvaticus, L. F. Wet thickety 
meadowland by the Cran between Cranborne and Verwood. 

Eriophonim vagina I urn, L., reported in the Flora (p. 291) as 
growing within a few yards over the county border near Bourne- 
mouth, was an error ; starved E. angtistifolium, Roth, having been 



NOTES ON THE DORSET FLORA. 123 

mistaken for it by the friend who reported it. E. gracile, Koch. 
G. Besides the boggy south end of Littlesea, and a boggy pool a 
little nearer Studland; where this rare Cotton-grass was first 
discovered, it was found also on Godlingston Heath in 1899. 
Rhynchospora fusca, Roem. and Schult. D. In great abundance 
along the borders of the extensive and very interesting bog, 
Morden Decoy, on both sides. F. In the boggy drain feeding 
the Coy Pond, Talbot Heath, scarce and perhaps dying out ; 
West Moors. G. Godlingstone Heath. R. alba, Vahl. D. Gore 
Heath, W. M. Rogers. Morden Decoy. F. Boggy sources of 
the Bourne, on heaths W. of Bournemouth ; Salterns, Parkstone ; 
West Moors; Verwood ; Goatham. G. Corfe Castle. Schocmts 
m'gricans, L. D. Marsh W. of Hamworthy Junction ; Lytchett 
Minster ; E. of Wareham Station. G. Corfe Castle and Bushey ; 
Godlingston ; by Littlesea. 

Cartx disticha, Huds. D. Lytchett Minster. E. Shilling- 
stone. F. Cow Grove, Wimborne ; Kingston Lacy ; High Hall ; 
Shapwick. G. Wareham Heath ; Stoborough ; Arne ; Corfe 
Castle. C. arenatia, L. D. Lytchett Bay. F. Sandy bank near 
Branksome Station and near Bournemouth Gasworks ; by Poole 
Park and between Sterte and Creekmoor. C. panicu/ata, L. 
D. N.E. and N.W. of Wareham ; Sherford Brook ; Lytchett 
Matravers. F. West Moors ; East Moors River ; Edmondsham. 
G. Wet thicket S.W. of Wareham ; near Corfe Castle and down 
the Corfe River. C, Titlpina, L. D. Wareham ; Lytcheit 
Minster. F. Frequent about Wimborne ; Kingston Lacy ; by 
Bailey Gate Station ; Edmondsham. G. Studland ; Ulwell ; 
about Corfe Castle; Church Knowle. C, mun'cata, L. This 
name is now limited to a plant found very rarely in Britain, and 
our Dorset plant (most, if not all), belongs to the commoner 
plant of which C. coniigua, Hoppe, is now recognised as the 
earliest name. C. echinata, Murr. F. Valley of R. Cran. 
C. remo/a, L. D. N.E. and N.W. of Wareham. F. Frequent in 
the valleys of the Stour and its tributaries ; Edmondsham. G. 
Rcmpstone. C. oval is, L. D. Sherford ; between Wareham and 
Morden Decoy. F. Kinson ; west of Wimborne ; Woolbridge ; 



124 NOTES ON THE DORSET FLORA. 

Verwood ; Woodlands ; Edmondsham. G. Arne ; Littlesea ; 
Corfe Castle. C. acuta, L. D. Ditches beween Wareham and 
the railway station. F. Stour valley from Shapwick downwards ; 
East and West Moors Rivers ; Cranborne to Verwood by R. 
Cran. C. limosa, L. F. Spongy bog near Waterloo, about half- 
way between Poole and Broadstone, and near the railway, L. V. 
Lester-Garland. This rare sedge has only one other station in 
Dorset, and is equally rare in Hants, the only two counties in the 
south of England in which it occurs. It next appears in Norfolk 
and Suffolk on the east and Shropshire on the west. C. humih's, 
Leysser. F. This very local sedge can now hardly be considered 
rare in the eastern part of -the county, though it is strictly 
limited to the chalk. It is in some abundance on Harley 
Down ; Gussage Hill ; Week Street Down and Thickthorn 
Down ; and occurs also on down near Blagdon Farm, Cranborne, 
both in Dorset and over the border in Wilts. It may easily be 
distinguished, at least w T hen the turf is rather dry, whether in 
flower or not, by the bright green of its foliage. 

C, montana, L. F. Moist woodland, Edmondsham. This 
rare species is only mentioned in the Flora (p. xi.) in a list of 
plants found in Hants which are absent from Dorset. Being a 
very rare and local sedge, it is the more satisfactory that our 
county can now claim a station for it. There is happily a fair 
quantity of this Carex scattered over a small area, safely 
entrenched in stiff soil in the moist bushy situation that it 
usually prefers, somewhat similar to its chief locality near 
Brockenhurst. C. montana is known now for twelve or thirteen 
counties, but is scarce, I believe, in all of them, being often 
limited, as in Dorset, Hants, and Somerset, to one or two 
localities. 

C. pilulifera, L. D. Ham worthy Junction ; Lytchett Minster; 

E. and N.W. of Wareham Station. F, Very frequent over the 
whole heath district, from Edmondsham and Verwood to Poole ; 
also Crichel ; Okeford Hill. G. Arne ; Corfe Castle ; Rempstone. 
C. pallescens, L. D. East Morden towards Lytchett Matravers. 

F. Woods between Edmondsham and Verwood Station. C. 



NOTES ON THE DORSET FLORA. 125 

pendula, Huds. F. Highwood. G. Near Kingston towards 
Chapman's Pool. C. strigosa, Huds. F. In fair quantity in a 
ditch at the base of a copse covering a damp slope and in a wet 
spot in the adjoining meadow, Edmondsham. This is the only 
spot I have seen it in the county. There is only one other 
locality on record, in the extreme west of Dorset. This species 
is usually rare and very local in other counties. C. sylratica, L. 
No doubt " common," as the Flora says ; it is to be found in 
almost every wood, only not usually in the light soils of the 
Tertiaries. C. binervis, Sm. D. Near Wareham. F. Near the 
Rifle Butts, N. of Bourne Valley ; Corfe Mullen ; scarce in 
Edmondsham and Goatham. G. Corfe Castle; Rempstone. 

C. punctata, Gaud. D. Between Hamworthy and Lake ; on 
rough bushy ground W. of Hamworthy Junction towards Lytchett 
Minster. F. Near Sterte, in Longfleet. C. fufaa, Host. (C. 
Hornschuchiana, Hoppe). These are now regarded as synonyms. 

D. Half-a-mile N.W. of Wareham, towards Trigon ; three- 
quarter-mile E. of Wareham Station. F. Wet meadow by the 
R. Cran, Edmondsham. G. Stoborough ; Corfe Castle. C.flava, 
L. The forms of this and the next have been revised and 
re-arranged since the date of the Flora. I follow here the latest 
order. Type C. flava, L. F. Kinson. G. Rempstone. Var. 
lepidocarpa, Tausch. D. Morden Decoy. C. (Ederi, Retz., var. 
elatior, And. D. Morden Decoy, R. P. Murray. This and 
var. hpidocarpa above from the same locality were named for 
Mr. Murray by Herr Kiikenthal ; I should have supposed the two 
gatherings were the same plant. F. By the Peat Moors River, 
G. S.W. of Corfe Castle. Var. cyperomes, Marss. D. Morden 
Decoy, R. P. Murray. G. On the sandy marsh between Little 
Sea and the shore. Var. cedocarpa, And. (C. flava, var. minor. 
Townsend). This is with us the common form of the whole 
group. D. Near Wareham. F. Very frequent in moist ground 
over the whole heath district from Verwood to the neighbourhood 
of Bournemouth and Wareham ; Witchampton ; Goatham. G. 
Studland Bay, W. M. Rogers. Stoborough ; Corfe Castle. 
C. hirta, L. D. Lytchett Minster; Lytchett Matravers ; Wareham. 



126 NOTES ON THE DORSET FLORA. 

F. Cowgrove ; Bailey Gate ; Aimer ; Kingston Lacy ; Crichel 
Park ; Witchampton ; West Moors ; Edmondsham. G. Sto- 
borough ; Corfe Castle ; Rempstone. C. rostrata, Stokes. D. 
Abundant in meado\vs and ditches near Wareham Station and 
three-quarters mile to the east ; Morden Decoy ; Lytchett Bay ; 
Sherford Brook. F. Near High Hall ; halfway between West 
Moors and Herne Bridge ; by the Cran between Edmondsham 
and Holwell. G. Near Corfe Castle. A hybrid between 
C. rostraia and C. vesicaria occurs in a wet meadow between 
Wareham Station and the river on the east side of the road into 
Wareham. C, vesicaria, L, F. By the East Moors River, about 
the railway bridge. 

GRAMINEJE. Several interesting notes on Grasses in Dorset 
have recently been contributed by Mr. H. ]. Goddard, late of 
Poole, who has paid much attention to this Order. He has 
considerately let me see specimens of the more critical species ; 
these are marked with the sign (!). 

Panicum Crus-Galli, L. F. Branksome Park, Rev. H. H. 
Slater \ Willenham, Parkstone, casual, H.J. Goddard '! P. sangui- 
tiale, L. F. In some quantity as a garden weed near Constitu- 
tion Hill, Parkstone, A. E. Hudson] P. miliaceum, L. C. Corn 
field and waste ground, Upwey ! Broadwey ! Radipole ; Pye Hill 
and Westham, Weymouth ; garden weed, Nottington ; H. J. 
Goddard. F. Allotments, Bourne Valley ; Lilliput, Parkstone. 
Sorghum halepense, Pers., a S. European species, sent me un- 
named. C. Near Weymouth Gasworks, //. J. Goddard ! Setaria 
viridis, Beauv. C. Broadwey ; Weymouth, near the Gasworks, 
H.J. Goddard. F. Parkstone; Constitution Hill and Upper Park- 
stone ; Longham ; Leigh Common, Wimborne, H. J. Goddard. 
Branksome. 6\ glauca, Beauv. F. Parkstone, near St. Luke's 
Church ! and near St. Lawrence's Church, Sandbank Road, H. J. 
Goddard. Longfleet Allotments. 6". verticillata, Beauv. C. 
Broadwey, and Hillfield Gardens ; also Nottington, neglected 
gardens. H. J. Goddard. F. Ringwood Road, Longham, H. J. 
Goddard. Spartina Townsendi^. and ]. Groves. D. Lytchett Bay; 
Lake, Hamworthy, Holes Bay ; H. J. Goddard. F. By the Fever 



NOTES ON THE DORSET FLORA. 127 

Hospital, Poole, Rev. H. J. Riddelsdell; Parkstone, and White 
Cliff, Parkstone-on-Sea ; Sterte, Longfleet, H. /. Goddard. 
Phalaris canariensis, L. C. East of Wareham. F. Bourne Valley ; 
Parkstone ; Longfleet ; Hampreston. G. Stoborough. Alopecurus 
mysuroides, Huds. (A. agresh's, L.} A. Burton Bradstock, H. J. 
Goddard. E. Buckland Newton, H.J. Goddard. F. Branksome 
and Bourne Valley, H. J. Goddard. Shapwick ; Crichel. G. 
Swanage, abundant, W. M. Rogers, Kingston. Milium ejfiisum, 
L. D. Copse N. of East Morden. F. Woods, Wimborne to 
Cranborne ; Sutton ; Cold Harbour, St. Giles', H. J. Goddard. 
East of Aimer ; Westley Wood ; Crichel ; Dairy Wood. G. 
Creech Grange. Phleum arenarium, L. C. Still plentiful about 
the Ferry Bridge to Portland Station, H. J. Goddard. Agroslis 
setaaa, Curtis. Abundant locally through the heath district, but 
not occurring, so far as I have noticed, on any " downs " in this 
county or elsewhere. D. Hamworthy Junction, and from there 
to near Wareham. F. Heaths generally from Bournemouth and 
Poole to Broadstone and Verwood ; Goatham. G. Arne ; 
Rempstone. A. canina, L. Is this "generally distributed"? 
My notes seem to show that it is local, and that it is chiefly found 
in the heath districts. A. vulgaris, With. var. pumila, L. F. I 
have noted this at Kinson, and along the Peat Moors Valley ; but 
it disappears from our list as a variety, since it has been found to 
be a starved form affected by fungus, and under cultivation the 
late Rev. W. R. Linton observed that it reverted to the type. 
Calamagrosfis Epigeios, Roth. F. In some quantity in rough 
pasture on the borders of Rhymes Copse, Edmondsham. 
Gastiidium australe, Beauv. C. Southdown Cliffs, Weymouth, 
H. J. Goddard ! F. Brickyard by Verwood Station. G. War- 
borough Bay, H. J. Goddard. Field-side 2 m. out of Corfe 
Castle by the road to Swanage. Apera Spica-venii, Beauv. F. 
In considerable quantity in the eastern part of Poole Park, 1908, 
H. J. Goddard ; quite likely soil and situation for this rare grass 
to occur naturally. On the other hand most of the turf in the 
Park has no doubt been laid down or sown. Corynephorus 
canescens, Beauv. It has been a puzzle how this grass, otherwise 



128 NOTES ON THE DORSET FLORA. 

restricted to the E. coast of England, came to be reported by 
Pulteney for Dorset. No botanist has confirmed the discovery. 
Miss E. Armitage wrote to me a very pertinent suggestion some 
time back, viz., that Agrostis setacea, which is abundant on heaths 
round Poole Harbour, is deceptively like C. canescens in the 
earlier stage before its panicle opens out in flower, and might 
easily be mistaken for it. It is true Pulteney mentions A. stlacea 
for Dorset, viz., for Puddletown and seacoasts near Weymouth ; 
but not, I believe, for any part of Poole Harbour, though it is so 
abundant. 

Deschampsia discolor, Roem. and Schult. (D. setacea, Hanb. ; 
Aira uliginosa, Weihe). D. Gore Heath, W. M. Rogers. F. On 
a wet bit of heath, 2 m. N. of West Moors, near Cross Keys ; 
Ensbury, Kinson ; Parkstone. D. flexuosa, Trin. C. Martin's 
Town, H. J. Goddard. F. Branksome and Sandecotes, H. J. 
Goddard. Parkstone. Holcus mollis, L. F. Frequent from 
Bourne Valley and Longfleet to Hemsworth Down and Edmond- 
sham. G. Arne, W. M. Rogers. Avena pubescent, Huds. C. 
Upwey ; Ridgeway Downs, H. J. Goddard. F. Dairy Wood ; 
Shapwick ; Badbury Rings ; Kingsdown ; Witchampton ; 
Shillingstone ; Edmondsham. G. Woolgarston ; Corfe Castle ; 
Rempstone ; Kingston. A. pralensis, L. F. Kingsdown, H. f. 
Goddard. Shapwick ; Badbury. G. Rempstone ; S.E. of Corfe 
Castle; Knowle Hill. A. strigosa, Schreb. F. Allotment on 
heath near Wallis Down. Koeleria cris/a/a, Pers. Under this 
familiar name several fresh stations for Koeleria might be given ; 
but the genus has lately undergone some revision, and we have 
three species in the London Catalogue (Ed. 10), instead of one. 
The commonest form, to which most of our Dorset localities will 
go, is now placed under K. gracilis, Pers., as var. britannica, 
Domin. All my specimens of this genus have gone to Dr. 
Domin to be determined afresh, and have not come back. I 
have received specimens of two gatherings by the Rev. H. J. 
Riddelsdell from Smallmouth Sands, Weymouth (C), one of 
which is named by Dr. Domin K. graitlis, Pers. ; the type, that 
is, and not our common British form, and the other K. aibescens, 



NOTES ON THE DORSET FLORA. I2Q 

DC. Catabrosa aquatica, Beauv. F. Roadside, Edmondsham. 
Briza minor, L. F. Parkstone, sandy places, and at the S.W. 
Pottery ; plentiful in fields between Ferndown and West Moors 
and between West Moors and Cross Keys, H. J. Goddard. 
Salterns, Parkstone, very fine and abundant, 1894; Verwood 
towards Edmondsham, and Goatham. Lamarckia aurea (L.), 
Moench. F. Neglected garden, Upton, 1906, H. J. Goddard \ 
This beautiful S. European grass was sent me unnamed. 

Poa nemorah's, L. E. Banks between Sturminster Newton and 
Piddle Wood. F. On some old turf under trees in the premises 
of Edmondsham Rectory, apparently native. P. pratensis, L., 
var. subccerulea, Sm. F. Hamworthy ! H. J. Goddard. Glyceria 
plicata, Fr., var. pedicellata, Townsend, now recognised as a 
hybrid between G. fluitans, Br., and G. plicata, Fr., is plentiful 
(F) in a water-meadow ditch, Edmondsham, and in the summer 
of 1908 was much affected with ergot. G. distant, Wahl. F. 
Abundant at Sterte (sea-wall) and Baiter, Poole, H. J. 
Goddard. Festuca procumbens, Kunth. F. Near Creekmoor and 
Holes Bay Signal Box and Sterte Esplanade, Poole, H J. 
Goddard. F. rigida, Kunth. C- Broadwey; Radipole ; Lulworth, 
H. J. Goddard. Osmington. F. Badbury Rings ; Kingsdown ; 
Edmondsham. G. Swanage, frequent ; Arne ; Corfe Castle ; 
Knowle Hill ; Winspit. 

Fesluca rottbcellioides, Kunth (Poa loliacea, Huds., in the Dorset 
Flora, 2nd Ed., Schrochloa loliacea, Woods, in the ist Ed.). 
Kunth's name has now stood through two editions of the 
London Catalogue, and will probably stand as the oldest and 
established name. C. Portland ; Chesil bank and near Ferry 
Bridge; fairly plentiful in suitable places, 1899, H. J. Goddard. 
G. Tilly Whim, W. M. Rogers. /'"". uniglumis, Soland. Mr. 
Goddard, who gives his chief attention to grasses, writes: "I 
have diligently searched for this for some ten years, particularly 
around Weymouth in 1897-99, and since then in Parkstone, 
Poole, and Lytchett in all likely places." I have not been more 
successful, and have not come across it on the Dorset coast. 
F. rubra, L., var. grandiflora, Hackel, a variety easily passed for 



130 NOTES ON THE DORSET FLORA. 

var. arenaria. G. South Haven ; Littlesea. Var. pruinosa, 
Hackel, a variety with very glaucous foliage, always occurring 
near the coast. G. Tilly Whim ; Seacombe. F. elatior x 
Lolium perenne (F. loliacea, Huds.). F. In quantity by the verge 
of the Stour, just opposite Shapwick Vicarage ; by the R. Cran, 
near Edmondsham. It is said to be "generally distributed" in 
the Flora ; I can, however, give no other locality, and am under 
the impression that it is rather scarce. 

Bromus giganteus, L. F. About Wimborne ; Horton ; Witch- 
ampton ; Edmondsham. G. Woolgarston ; Rempstone. B. 
ramosus, Huds. (B. asper, L.). C. Upwey ; Broadwey ; Porte- 
sham ; Abbotsbury, H. J. Goddard. E. Sturminster; Buckland 
Newton, H. J. Goddard. F. Upton ; Durweston ; Shillingstone, 
H. J. Goddard. Corfe Mullen ; Shapwick ; Queen's Copse, and 
Woodlands ; Edmondsham. G. Near Swanage ; Corfe Castle, 
W. M. Rogers. - B. erectus, Huds. C. Railway banks, Upwey ! 
H. J. Goddaid. E. Near Compton Abbas. F. Abundant on 
and about Bokerly Dyke, near Blagdon Farm, on both sides of 
the county boundary. B. unioloides, Kunth. F. Neglected 
garden, Upton, H. J. Goddard ! This alien is new to the 
county. B. secalinus, L. Field near Talbot Church, towards 
Kinson ; near Longfleet Church ; field of rye, Edmondsham, in 
plenty, but only for one season, 1905. B. ?nollis, L., var. 
glabratus, Doell. F. Bourne Valley ! H. J. Goddard. Edmond- 
sham, in a field of clover and rye-grass, evidently introduced 
with the crop. B. atvensis, L. F. In a cornfield on the E. side 
of Aimer. 

Brachy podium pinnahim, Beauv. F. Badbury Rings. G. Near 
Kingston ; Bushey. Lolium temulentum, L. F. Parkstone, 
about Oaklands, and Sandbanks Road, H. J. Goddard. Var. 
arvense, With. C. Upwey, H. J. Goddard. Agropyron caninttm, 
Beauv. C. Near the Coastguard Station, White Nose, //. /. 
Goddard. E. Sturminster Newton towards Shillingstone, H. J. 
Goddard. F. Lilliput, Parkstone, frequent in hedges, Durweston, 
Fiddleford and Shillingstone, H.J. Goddard, Broadstone; Witch- 
ampton ; Edmonsham. A . pun gens t R. and S. G. Arne ; below 



NOTES ON THE DORSET FLORA. 131 

Redcliff. Var. pycnanthum, Gr. and Godr. D. Lytchctt Min- 
ster. A.junceum, Bcauv. A. Burton Bradstock, H. J. Goddard. 

C. Radipole, and Rodwell, H. J. Goddard. Nardtis slricla, L. 

D. By Morden Decoy. F. On all the heaths from Bourne 
Valley and Poole Harbour to Venvood Common ; Goatham. G. 
Scotland Heath, &c., H. /. Goddard, Corfe Castle ; Little Sea. 
Hordeum secalinum, Schreb. (H. pratense, Huds.). C. Chickerell, 
H. /. Goddard. D. Keysworth ; Lytchett Minster. E. Stur- 
minster Newton ; Hinton St. Mary ; Buckland Newton, H. J. 
Goddard. F. Sturminster Marshall; Spetisbury; Edmondsham. 

< H. muriniim, L. The distribution of this species is, perhaps, 
worth working out, for it is certainly very irregular in the county. 
Practically absent from the heathland, it is also very scarce in 
N.E. Dorset on the clay and on the chalk. E. Margaret Marsh. 

F. Cranborne. The grass is usually so common one does not 
take note of it. Elymus arenarius, L. F. Constitution Hill, and 
also on a bank near Dane Court cricket ground, Parkstone ! 
South Haven, opposite Branksea, inflorescence plentiful, 1908, 
H. J. Goddard. This occurrence, a mile from the nearest point 
of the harbour and more than two from the nearest bit of coast, 
is, to say the least, unusual. 

Lomaria Spicant, Desv. (Blechnum boreale, Sw.). D. Wareham 
Cowards Trigon and Sandford ; Morden Decoy ; East Morden ; 
Lytchett Matravers. F. Chiefly on peat banks ; Kinson ; Broad- 
stone ; Canford ; Hampreston ; West Moors and Cross Keys ; 
Woolbridge Heath ; Venvood ; Woodlands ; Edmondsham. 

G. Wareham Heath ; Corfe Castle and Bushey. Lastrcea 
Thelypteris, Presl. D. Halfway between Wareham and Ham- 
worthy Junction, L. V. Lester-Garland. L. Oreopleris, Presl. 
F. Boggy spot in a wood between Edmondsham and Wood- 
lands. L. cn'slala, Presl. This has stood for some time in the 
Dorset list, but there is some reason for wishing that the 
evidence of its occurrence could be confirmed. The late Rev. 
R. P. Murray found that there were no certain specimens of this 
species in hb. Mansel-Pleydell. Mr. Arthur Bennett, who makes 
a study of British county records, told me he had met with no 



132 NOTES ON THE DORSET FLORA. 

evidence of it for Dorset. Botrychium Lunaria, Sw. F. In 
small quantity, but very fine in a field on the borders of Edmond- 
sham. Pihdaria glolulifera, L. F. Leigh Common, W. M. 
Rogers. G. In plenty at Norden, about one mile from Corfe 
Castle, L. V. Lester- Garland. 

The foregoing notes, as far as they relate to the part of the 
county near Cranborne, have nearly all been made since 1902. 
Most of those which report plants from other parts of the county 
were accumulated between 1893 and 1902. Some of the latter 
were offered to the writer of the Dorset Flora for an appendix, 
which was never carried out; some have been published else- 
where, but all are now gathered together to form a convenient 
supplement to the county Flora. 




of 



By the Rev. R. GROSVENOR BARTELOT, M.A. 

(Read llth December, 1908.) 




the 



TOURING 

George's 






progress of our Restoration of St. 
Church a considerable surface of 
mediaeval floor tiles was brought to light at the 
eastern end of the nave ; in addition to which 
from time to time, whilst we were lowering the 
church floor, odd tiles and fragments bearing 
patterns have been turned up. Those found in 
situ were unfortunately almost obliterated by 
centuries of footwear, so a plan was drawn of the order in which 
they had been laid, and the workmen were instructed to preserve 
every scrap for future examination. They did so, and this paper 
is the result. We have, I am happy to say, rescued from 
oblivion the whole or parts of twenty- seven distinct designs, the 
most elaborate of which are herewith, by the kind artistic talent 
of Miss Fisher, of Dorchester (one of the members of this Club), 



134 MEDIEVAL FLOOR TILES. 

now placed before you on the illustration sheets, which I should 
like you to study as we proceed. 

I must first of all crave your indulgence while I say a word 
concerning the much-neglected history of this branch of 
ceramic art ; and no one can have felt more keenly than I have 
the need of some such assistance as a handbook on floor tiles 
would supply. But no such publication has hitherto appeared, 
so that I have been constrained to obtain information from a few 
articles in the Gentleman's Magazine (of the dates 1789 and 
1833), short paragraphs in Parker's Glossary of Architecture 
and Boutell's British Archaeology, another in the Encyclopaedia 
Britannica, and last, but not least, an excellent paper on the 
Worcestershire floor tiles by Canon Porter, who kindly lent me 
his unprinted manuscript. 

When were figured tiles first made ? The answer is that 
they are one of the earliest forms of hieroglyphic and artistic 
ornamentation. They may be traced back more than a thousand 
years before the Christian era to the clay tablets of Tel-el- 
Amarna. They are even mentioned in the Holy Bible, for there 
the Prophet Ezekiel [Chapter iv., i] twenty-five centuries ago, 
was thus addressed by the Almighty : " Thou also, son of man, 
" take thee a tile, and lay it before thee, and pourtray upon it the 
" city, even Jerusalem." Now this tile, bearing the design of the 
Holy City in a state of siege, was to be exhibited as an object 
lesson to educate, a warning to stimulate, and an inspiration to 
attract the people of Israel. And is not this the same purpose 
the old Romans of Durnovaria had in mind when they laid those 
wonderful tesselated pavements for which our county is justly 
famous ? Mediaeval floor tiles were a natural evolution from 
these earlier prototypes, though the differences between them 
are considerable. Tesserae and tiles, besides, of course, differing 
in size, are quite the converse of one another in application ; in 
the case of the former the designing talent of the artist came to 
the front only when the floor was in the laying ; whereas in the 
case of the latter the maker of the materials was himself the 
artist, so that with such tiles a comparative amateur or local 



MEDIEVAL FLOOR TILES. 135 

mason might lay as good a pavement as the expert. It is 
certainly possible to trace a similarity of pattern between the 
Saxon " bleo-stoenings " and the Roman mosaic work ; but the 
clearest evidence of the evolution process is seen in the coloured 
stone marqueierie patterns to the east of the altar screen at 
Canterbury Cathedral, as well as in the floors of Fountains 
Abbey and Ely Cathedral. In Prior Cranden's Chapel within 
the latter edifice the designs are not inlaid into the tiles them- 
selves, which are each of one colour only, but the pattern is 
produced by the outlines of the individual pieces. Nor are these 
necessarily rectangular, for, having been moulded in several 
shapes and sizes, a geometrical figure, an animal, or flower 
of one colour may be seen inserted after the manner of the 
child's picture puzzle into a corresponding cavity prepared for it 
in a specimen of another tint. Suffice it to say that, in spite of 
the complications of this method, not only lions and other 
ferocious beasts are pourtrayed at Ely, but flowers, trees, and 
foliage receive treatment, in addition to which an effective 
chef (Tccuvre is provided by a somewhat pretentious representa- 
tion of the temptation of our first parents in the Garden of 
Eden. 

Dealing next with mediaeval decorative glazed floor tiles I first 
of all carefully refrain from calling them, as is so often done 
nowadays, " encaustic tiles " ; for this designation has been 
already appropriated to an antique process of a totally different 
nature, and only causes confusion. The process of their 
manufacture appears to have been as follows : The tiler first 
made of red clay a batch of " quarries " ; as to shape, in most 
cases square, though at Chertsey segmental and circular tiles are 
found, narrow oblongs at Salisbury, Malmesbury, and here at 
Fordington, elongated lozenges at St. Albans, three of which 
combined into a regular hexagon, and wedge shapes, triangulars 
and hexagonals in a few other instances; these, after being 
partially dried in the sun, were imprinted with the pattern from a 
wooden stamp cut in reverse relief. Then a preparation of 
white china clay was worked over the whole surface, and when 



136 MEDIAEVAL FLOOR TILES. 

the superfluous material had been cleaned off, the " quarrel" thus 
obtained was burnt in a kiln. 

The final process was to dip these tiles in a yellow-tinted 
metallic glaze, in which the lead and perhaps a little decomposed 
brass acted on the iron and salt in the clay, and fire them once 
more, and they were then ready for use. If the different kinds 
of clay used happened to be of unequal drying qualities, the 
firing sometimes bulged or cracked them, as is shown in some of 
our Fordington examples. To obviate this evil the makers usually 
pierced the reverse of the tile while it was soft with dozens of 
small holes of the size made by a packing needle, but this was 
not always successful. Very slow firing was, I think, the most 
certain road to the desired finish. Modern manufacturers have 
failed to match the variegated admixture of ruddy brownish 
green and old gold, which you see on those specimens I have 
placed in the show case on the table. The reproduction craze 
of the Victorian era has introduced us to churches with 
" restored " pavements of staring red combined with glaring 
white, fondly imagined to be faithful copies of mediaeval tiles. 
But they have been merely imitated from excavated fragments 
which had lost their glaze through centuries of wear. I have 
here several samples in mint preservation to show you what St. 
George's floor looked like in the days when John, afterwards 
Cardinal, Morton was our prebendal rector, and I venture to say 
that not a vestige of red or white would appear on its whole 
surface. You could then walk upon a pavement burnished after 
the manner of the streets of the New Jerusalem. A rich sheen 
of dark green glaze, blended at times with a tint of brown, 
formed a velvety background, whereon stood out depicted in 
golden yellow the armorial bearings of kings, nobles, and 
bishops, the vine and the ivy inter-twining the eagle, the griffin, 
and the dragon of St. George, and the whole, bordered by the 
fret key-pattern, ending at the intersections with the mysterious 
fylfot cross. Such was the floor pressed by the knees of the 
worshippers in old St. George's in the days of its prebendal 
glory. 



No. 1. 




These were the Arms of the Family of Redvers Earls of Devon, 
and also of the Daccombes of Dorset. The letters are probably the 
Alpha and Omega though they might possibly be D.M. 




THE ST. CATHERINE WHEEL. 



No. 3. 




THE QUARTERFOIL CROSS PATTERN. 



MEDIAEVAL FLOOR TILES. 1 37 

In the illustrations which I have placed in your hands I have 
marked three distinct periods in our Fordington tiles.* 

I. Norman or Normandy tiles. 
II. Early English made tiles. 
III. Fourteenth Century tiles. 

I. Of the first period we have discovered only two 
unobliterated examples the Catherine wheel and the quatrefoil 
crossflory. These are both ot the same size, six inches square, 
primitive in workmanship, of remarkable thinness compared 
with the others, f inch thick, added to which the clay used in the 
inlay design is as soft and friable as chalk or pipeclay and the 
glaze is very thin. Altogether the chances of their being 
durable for any length of time must have from the first been 
most limited. Of this same period we discovered several larger 
tiles y inches square, but not a vestige of any pattern remains 
on them. One point in which these differ from later examples 
is that the reverse of each tile has five rudely scooped finger 
grips, which doubtless during their manufacture served to protect 
the hands of the maker from the poisonous action of the lead 
used in the glaze. These cavities not only lightened them for 
transport purposes, but also gave them a firmer grip of the 
mortar when they were eventually imbedded in floor position. 
I feel sure they are of foreign manufacture, if not the work of 
continental craftsmen resident in England. The pattern on one 
of them is the wheel of St. Katherine, a very favourite subject 
in foreign ecclesiastical art. On one of our bells at St. George's 
we have the inscription " SANCTA KATERINA ORA PRO 
NOBIS," and it is probable that the piscina and credence or 



* Parker in his Glossary says: "They are sometimes called Norman tiles, 
possibly from the supposition that they were originally made in Normandy, and 
considering the age and variety of specimens that exist in Northern France, this 
idea may not be wholly erroneous." 



138 MEDIJEVAL FLOOR TILES. 

candle bracket in our south transept where this tile was 
unearthed mark the site of an altar to this favourite maiden Saint 
in our Church. 

The next period of our tiles supplies specimens smaller, but 
thicker (5! inches square), with corner pieces which, had they 
been triangular, would have had the two equal sides ten inches 
in length ; but these, having been cut at right angles seven and 
a-half inches from the corner, a five-sided tile was obtained, 
four of which formed a square of fifteen inches, enclosing a 
space suitable for seven and a quarter inch tiles to be inserted. 
These corner pieces are primitive in design, but very effective 
in display. The cable specimen shows distinct imitation of the 
style of design found in Roman pavements lines, circles, foliage, 
and intertwined ropework. The next tile, which I call the twin 
doves addorsed, presents a very unusual treatment of a favourite 
subject in tile ornament. We are fortunate in securing a few 
samples of this tile in mint preservation with the original glaze 
perfect, so that a comparison with its fellows which have stood 
the test of footwear is most instructive. 

The next tile in this period shows a coat of arms with a letter 
on each side. Heraldic tiles were in great demand, and this is 
an excellent example of a griffin or griphon segreant. I thought 
that I might unhesitatingly pronounce this to be the arms of 
Daccombe, an ancient Dorset knightly family who certainly bore 
the same charge ; but Mr. St. John Hope assures me that it is the 
shield of De Redvers, Earl of Devon. I find that members of 
that family owned great estates in this county, including 
Mosterton, Lower Loders, Buckland Ripers (which takes its 
second name from the Latin form of De Redvers, De Ripariis], 
and Puddletown, a parish adjoining to Fordington. Notice the 
enormous claws of the griphon. There is a reason for this. In 
the middle ages the horn of the rhinoceros did duty for the claw 
of this fabulous beast, and was in great demand for use as a 
drinking cup. The story of St. Cuthbert illustrates this. 
Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, still possesses a rhino horn 
mounted with gold which the ancients venerated as a -griphon's 



Xo. 4. 




THE DOVES AND CROSS PATTERN. 



No. 5. 




THE DE REDVERS OR DACCOMBE ARMS. 



MEDIAEVAL FLOOR TILES. 139 

claw. Three more were preserved at Bayeux Cathedral, and on 
festivals displayed at the high altar, for this mythical animal was 
not esteemed an evil beast, like the dragon and serpent, but was 
respected and even venerated as the emblem of the Sun God, 
the embodiment of vigilance, energy, strength, and zeal. It was, 
therefore, the custom to represent this creature with an abnormal 
development of claw. A fellow tile to this one was discovered 
in the floor of Preston Church in this county in 1855, and is now 
in the Museum. The letters on the sides of the shield are, I 
think, a rude representation of the Alpha and Omega. 

The rest of our tiles belong to the fifteenth century, and from 
the notes I took at the time of their discovery I can with a great 
degree of certainty relay the pattern as indicated by the remains 
we found /;/ si/u. One must remember first the rule that where 
the design of a tile is parallel to the sides, then that tile is a 
border or penultimate border. The second rule is this : When 
the pattern runs diagonally across the tile, as is always the case 
with coats of arms, fleur-de-lys or lettering, &c., then that tile is 
one of either four, nine, or sixteen combined into a compound 
design. Our St. George's patterns were laid in sixteens. In the 
centre a quartet of diagonals covered ten square inches of floor. 
Separating these from the next quartet were eight borders of the 
grape pattern with a single fylfot at each outer angle. The 
borders of the whole were worked out in frets, or key-pattern 
border tiles, together with several plain black, yellow, and brown 
singles and triangles. It will be noticed that whenever the 
quarter patterns on a tile are not identical, then the result of 
laying a group of them together is the production of two patterns 
instead of one. This was a very ingenious device of the 
ancients, and proved to be very effective and beautiful as well 
as simple. The illustrations I trust will speak for themselves, so 
I need only say a few words on the most remarkable of our St. 
George's specimens. The most interesting is No. 19, the only 
dated example amongst our discoveries. John Gough Nichols 
discovered a fellow tile to this in Malvern Abbey and called it 
the " Mendicantc Tile," but it is nothing of the sort. It is one 



140 MEDIAEVAL FLOOR TILES. 

of a quartet forming a quatrefoil mortuary or memorial 
inscription dated 1456, which reads thus : 

/DMseremint inei misereinini met saltern \?os ainici 
quia manus IDomint tetigit. -J.tb.S. H.S>. /l&cccclvi. 
/iDarcius bic Xucas 3oba[nes Htque /l&atbeus], 

This is simply a quotation from the Book of Job, chapter 19, 
verse 21. " Pity me, pity me, O ye my friends, for the hand of 
the Lord hath touched me." Then follows the Sacred 
Monogram and the date A.D. 1456, the inscription ending with 
that prayer to the four evangelists which has come down to us in 
the form 

' ' Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, 
" Bless the bed that I lie on." 

In the Sarum Use the above chapter of the Book of Job was 
read as the eighth lesson of the second nocturn in the " Vigils of 
the Dead." A fellow tile to this one was discovered in Radipole 
Church, which belonged to the Benedictine Abbey of Cerne, 
and I trace our possession of at least two examples of this tile at 
St. George's to the fact that our prebendal Rector two years later 
than the date of the tile was the future Cardinal Morton, himself 
a monk at Cerne. 

Another tile represents the cross keys and sword, the arms of 
the great Benedictine Abbey of St. Peter's, Gloucester. The 
peculiar shape of the keys shows that the arms of the see of 
Exeter are not intended, and many similar tiles have been found 
in Malvern and Gloucester and the neighbourhood. Our speci- 
men is one of a quartet, and contains part of an inscription which 
would when complete contain about thirty-five letters. It may 
have been that popular mediaeval charm against fire, ending with 
the words " Deo et Patrie" which, dating from the martyrdom of 
St. Agatha A.D. 253, was as late as the year 1402 inscribed on the 
fire bell at Kenilworth, given by Thomas de Kyderminster. 

Perhaps the most interesting tile to us St. Georgians is the 
fine example bearing the dragon and eagle. So far as I can 




PERIOD i. 





PERIOD II. 




5. 



PERIOD ill. 







10. 






n. 



12. 



13. 



PERIOD III continued. 





14. 



15. 





16. 



17. 





PERIOD III. continued. 





JO. 



21, 




2'2. 



MEDIAEVAL FLOOR TILES. 141 

discover it is not known elsewhere, and it may have been 
specially designed for our Church of St. George. It is No. 2 of 
a quartet of tiles and I have parts of Nos. i and 4. The eagle 
bears a scroll inscribed \?3C \>8C, " woe woe," a reference most 
likely to the iath Chapter of the Apocalypse which reads " Woe 
to the inhabiters of the earth, for the great dragon is come down 
unto you." The legend round the quarter of the circular band 
reads " RESPICE. R. . . " ; but as I can find no sentence in 
the Vulgate containing this word, followed by one commencing 
with R, the word Respice may have been repeated. Canon 
Wordsworth sends me a most interesting surmise regarding the 
underlying motive of this tile. He writes : " If I merely had 
your specimen I think I should have conjectured the word 
Respice thrice repeated, and have imagined perhaps the three 
souls in Purgatory crying to the three knights their quondam 
companions ' Woe ; woe ; woe ; look back upon us in our pains 
and bid sing a mass for us before you ride a hunting ' or words 
to that effect. This is a subject ' les trois rois vifs et les trois rois 
morts ' often found in primers and breviaries as an illustration 
in the office of the Dead." As the sentence commencing Respice 
" Look Thou upon me and have mercy upon me " occurs in the 
psalm appointed for the second nocturn of the Vigils of the 
Dead in the Sarum Use, this may certainly be denominated as a 
memorial tile alluding to some well-known mediaeval legend or 
picture of Purgatory. 

The rest of these tiles need only very slight comment. The 
crowned Lombardic M is a St. Mary tile. The primrose fleur- 
de-lys is a favourite device on tiles, and I have found many 
examples elsewhere, though none in which the bloom was so 
exactly copied from the primrose. Like the rest, it was laid in 
fours, so that, to realise how beautiful it looked when in si/u, one 
has to imagine four of them conjoined at the stem corners. The 
same may be said of the ivy and cable pattern. 

With regard to the fylfot and fret, or key-pattern tiles, a 
great deal might be said. The design of the swastika or fylfot 
cross is a heathen symbol of great antiquity adapted to Christian 






142 MEDIEVAL FLOOR TILES. 

uses. Dr. Schliemann found it in the ruins of Troy, dating 
1500 B.C. It was the emblem of Jupiter Pluvius and the Sun 
God, suggesting by its form gyratory movement or whirling 
motion. The fret also dates back to heathen mythology, and 
was emblematic of the all-powerful influence of water in con- 
junction with the sun in producing the fruits of the earth. Our 
collection of tiles bearing the fret pattern is almost unique and 
most artistic in design. 

I will only conclude by suggesting the study of floor tiles to 
fellow-members of the Field Club. Tiles are often discovered 
imperfect and thrown away as valueless, whereas, if kept for 
comparison and verification, unknown patterns are placed on 
record. It would be a capital idea if this Club could secure a 
tracing of every known Dorset tile, as they would do much to 
elucidate the history of our county. Need I say also that tiles 
have a modern interest ? To those kind ladies who are present 
to-day I would suggest these patterns as containing excellent 
designs for such feminine handiwork as doyleys, table centres, 
kettle holders, and various other articles suitable for modern 
times. By reproducing these lost patterns oi ancient days you 
could show how our ancestors can hold their own very well in 
the face of the work of modern designers. 







CHELOMAN SKULL FROM PURBECK BEDS, SWANAGE. 



This Fossil was found in the Middle Purbeck locally known as the 
" Feather Bed." 




"glofe on a (SlJeL'ontcut 
from tBe "gfurBecft JSe6s of 



By A. SMITH WOODWARD, LL.D., F.R.S. 




IT LTHOUGH remains of the shells of turtles are 
very common in the Purbeck Beds of 
Swanage, only one skull appears to have 
been hitherto met with. 1 The recent dis- 
covery of a skull is therefore of much 
interest and worthy of a brief notice. This 
specimen was obtained from a Swanage 
quarryman by Sir J. C. Robinson, who 
presented it to the Dorset County Museum 
in December, 1908. 

The new fossil, shown of the natural size on the accom- 
panying plate, is flattened by crushing and exposed from above. 
Its snout is bluntly pointed, and the rather small orbits (orb,} are 
far forwards. The temporal fossoe have a complete and extensive 
roof. The supra-occipital (soc.\ which just appears in the cranial 
roof, does not project further backwards than the squamosal 
region on each side. Owing to fractures by crushing most of 



1 E. Lydekker, "Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia in the British Museum," 
pt. iii. (1889), p. 204. 



144- NOTE ON A CHELONIAN SKULL. 

the sutures betAveen the constituent bones are scarcely distin- 
guishable; but it is clear that the nasals (#.) and prefrontals 
(prf.) are separate elements, arid that the latter are very small, 
not meeting in the middle line, but allowing the former to unite 
in suture with the frontals (_//%) The parietals (pa.} seem to be 
relatively large, meeting the frontals in a transverse suture 
between the hinder border of the orbits. The surface of all 
the bones is roughened by a fine network of smooth ridges, 
which are not very prominent. 

This skull is exactly such as might be expected to belong to 
Pleurosternum, and its external ornament agrees so closely with 
that of the common shells from Swanage that it may probably be 
referred to the same genus. As already known, l Pleurosternum 
exhibits some remarkable resemblances to the water-tortoises of 
the family Chelydidae, which now live in Australia and South 
America, and the new skull agrees with that of some genera 
of this family in the peculiar arrangement of the nasal and 
prefrontal bones. All the Jurassic Chelonian skulls hitherto 
discovered, including one from the Portland Stone, 2 are closely 
similar to that now described. 



1 R. Lydekker, ' ' On Certain Chelonian Remains from the Wealden and 
Purbeck," Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., Vol. XLV. (1889), p. 518. 

2 R. Owen, " History of British Fossil Reptiles" (1884), Chelonians, pi. viii., 
figs. 1-3 (Chelone planiceps}. Named Stegochchjs by R. Lydekker, Quart. Journ. 
Geol. Soc., Vol. XLV. (1889), p. 229. 



of "gtctinfaCf, &c., in Dorset 
in 1908. 



By H. STILWELL. 



" Evening red and morning grey 

Will set the traveller on his way, 
Evening grey and morning red 
Will bring down rain upon his head." 




JRHE year 1908 was deficient in rainfall in the 
County of Dorset by over 5! inches. 

In the following Table No. I., giving the 
depth of rain recorded, the mean amount of 
the totals of 24 stations, distributed as evenly 
as possible over the whole county, has been 
calculated, showing that the rainfall for the 
year amounted to 27-560 in., whereas the " 50 
year " previous average, as calculated by the 
late Mr. H. S. Eaton, was 33'23 1 in., showing 
a deficiency of 5'67i in. for the year 1908. 

June was especially a dry month, the quantity recorded (the 
mean of the 24 stations) being only 0^36 in. 



146 RAINFALL IX DORSET. 

This was followed by only 1^92 in. in July, the whole of which 
fell before the i8th of that month, and from that date until 
the 1 9th August there was practically a rainless period of 31 or 
32 days. This drought had a very disastrous effect on the root 
crops of the district. 

The last 1 3 days of August brought plentiful rains, amounting 
to a total of 3'65 in., the whole of the rain of the month having 
fallen in those days, and they gave August a greater rainfall than 
that of any other month in the year except December, which had 
a total of 3*77 in. 

On 2ist October there was a remarkable thunderstorm at 
Weymouth and its neighbourhood, accompanied by a most 
unusually heavy fall of rain. At Westham 4 in. is reported to 
have fallen on that day within about 4 hours, but as the heavy 
rain began some time before 9 a.m., at which hour the rain for 
"the previous day" is measured, a considerable part of the rain 
which fell in the storm would have been credited to 2oth 
October, and so " spoilt the record " for any very heavy day's 
record. 

This storm appears to have been confined, in its intensity, to 
the southern and western parts of the county. No heavy rainfall 
is recorded on that day much to the eastward of Dorchester, or 
northward of Sherborne and Milton Abbey. 

The heaviest rainfall recorded for any one day was 3*73 in. on 
2ist October, at Weymouth (Massandra), and upwards of 2 in. 
fell on the same day at seven other stations. 

At places not so much affected by the storm of this day their 
heaviest rainfall mostly occurred in the heavy rains of 26th, 27th, 
and 3 1 st of August. 

At 14 other stations no fall amounting to one inch oc- 
curred on any day during the year, and in Table II., 
giving these particulars, it will be seen that the parts exempt 
from heavy rains are mostly situated in the north of the 
county. 

December had the heaviest rainfall of any month in the year 
(3*77 in.) and it was pretty evenly distributed over the county, 






RAINFALL IX DORSET. 147 

with an average of 20*5 " rain days," ending with heavy snow in 
the last few days of the year. 

In the tables following these notes figures are given from 
seven new stations, namely, from Stoborough (Wareham), 
Chickerell Rectory, the Gardens at Wynford House, Bradford 
Peverell House, Bradford Peverell Rectory, Puddletown 
Vicarage, and the Vicarage at Winterbourne Whitchurch ; and 
no return, included in the tables for 1907, has dropped out from 
those now given. Some of the new observers are located very 
near to others from whom returns had been previously received, 
but by reference to the tables it will be seen that there is often 
considerable difference between the yearly totals of observers 
only a short distance apart. For instance at two stations at 
Wimborne, and others at Broadstone and Branksome, the total 
fall for the year is given as 26*41, 21*47, 2 6'66, and 22*35 
respectively ; also between Chickerell Rectory and Chickerell 
" Montevideo " there is a difference of 2*59 in. in the total for 
the year. 

Additional observers are much wanted in the district com- 
prising the Rural Deanery of Cerne, and also in the northern 
part of the R.D. of Bere Regis. Are there not some persons, 
sufficiently interested in Rainfall phenomena, living in those 
parts of the county, who would be willing to undertake the work 
of recording the daily rainfall, and to incur the small expense of 
providing the necessary rain gauge, the cost of which is only 
about one pound ? 



OBSERVERS' NOTES ox METEOROLOGICAL 
PHEXOMEXA, &c. 

SHROTON. Heavy snow 24th April. Absolute drought from 
1 7th June to 6th July, 21 days, and from i8th July to igth 
August, 33 days. The dryest year for 13 years. 

ST. GILES' HOUSE. Total amount of sunshine, 1,903 hours. 
Mean temperature, 49*78 ; highest temperature, 86 on 3rd July 



148 RAINFALL IN DORSET. 

and 4th August ; lowest ditto, 5 on 3oth December. Barometer, 
highest reading, 30*38 in. on i8th May ; lowest, 28.75 in. on 
i ith December. 

HORTON VICARAGE. 6th December, minimum 6. 

STURMINSTER MARSHALL. 28th February, first snow this 
winter. 3rd March, snow began about i p.m. and continued 
to 5 p.m., 0*42 in. in gauge. 22nd March, 0*45 fell between 
9 a.m. and 2 p.m. 4th April, heavy thunder and lightning 
3.30 to 4 p.m. 25th April, deep snow, 4 in. at 9 a.m. ; 
8 in. at n a.m. 2nd May, 0*82 in. fell in heavy thunder- 
storm about 3 a.m. 28th August, at 6.30 a.m., three flashes 
of lightning and three claps of thunder. :8th October, 
0*52 in. fell between 11.45 a - m - an d 12.45 P- m ' 2 ?th De- 
cember, first snow, slight all day. 28th December, snow had 
fallen during night, and at 9 a.m. was 2f in. deep. It kept 
on snowing till noon. Wind got up very strong about 5 or 
6 a.m. 

PARKSTONE. 25th April, snow began at 5 a.m., and continued 
till 3 p.m., when it measured 9 in. deep. 27th December, thin 
snow all day. 29th December, snow from about 6 a.m., and 
continued for 10 hours, and measured 7 in. deep. 

SWANAGE. 25th April, heavy fall of snow. 28th and 29th 
December, heavy fall of snow, 4^ in. on the flat. 

HOLME, WAREHAM. 25th April, heavy fall of snow. 

EAST LULWORTH. ist January, hard frost lasting till 6th 
January, then rain, ist March, bright sun, dark cloud on 
horizon, sudden hard storm, sleet and hail burst 3 p.m. 
22nd March, fierce gale from S.S.W. at night, rain squalls 
turning to heavy downpour ; 0*49 in. fell in 6 hours. April N.E. 
winds prevailed this month. 25th April, deep snow falling to 
6 in. up to ic a.m. i8th June to 6th July, scorching weather, 
varying 68 to 78 in the shade. 8th July, heavy rain, ist to 
6th October, heavy fogs. 27th December, snow fell early and 
during day, hard frost at night. 28th December, thermometer 
on N. wall 28. 29th December, heavy snow, thermometer 
19. 



RAINFALL IN DORSET. 149 

WEYMOUTH, Climatological returns for 1908 : 
Means Barometer 30*002 in. 

Thermometer 9 a.m. 52*2 

,, Maximum 57*4 

,, Minimum 45*6 

Range ir8 

,, ,, Max. and Min. 51*5 

Relative humidity of air, 79 per cent. 
Bright sunshine, 1857*9 hours 
Sunless days, 53. 
Amount of cloud, o to 1 0=5^9. 

WEYMOUTH, MASSANDRA. The most noteworthy facts as to 
the rain of 1908 are the dry spells of 20 days from :6th June 
to 7th July, and of 24 days from 25th July to i9th August ; this 
latter period of drought was, with the exception of '01 on 
25th July, of much longer duration as, excepting the - oi on the 
25th, there was no rain from I'jth July to i9th August, a period 
of 32 days. 

The exceptional rain in October, with the remarkable fall of 
3'73 on the 2ist, is well worthy of notice. On that day 3*40 in. 
fell in three hours, and in five days, viz., "7th, i8th, i9th, 2oth, 
and 2ist 5'94in. was measured. 

CHICKERELL, MONTEVIDEO. 6th January, the frost, which 
had been rather severe for a week, ended suddenly in the night 
of the 5th, the morning of the 6th being warm and damp. 
24th April, the evening was fine, but during the night consider- 
able snow fell, which loaded the trees, bending down the 
branches of evergreens. This gradually thawed during the day. 
3rd May, thunder and lightning in early morning. 3oth May 
and 3rd June, lightning in evening, no thunder. 22nd to 29th 
August, very rough winds. 6th September, very heavy dew. 
1 9th September, thick sea mist all day. 2ist October, a little 
thunder and lightning. 

UPWEY. 1908 was an average year, being only '06 wetter 
than the deduced average. June, with '31 in., was the dryest 
month since July, 1898. October, with 6*09, was, as usual, the 



150 RAINFALL IN DORSET. 

wettest month in the year, and was remarkable for an exceed- 
ingly heavy rainfall on the 2ist, 2'6j in. being recorded, which is 
by far the heaviest fall I have registered here; 1*65 in. fell 
between 9 and 1 1 a.m., '92 of an inch between 1 1 a.m. and 
i p.m., and '10 immediately after i o'clock. This record, 
however, was preceded by "56 of an inch shortly before 9 o'clock, 
which, of course, had to be entered for the 2oth. The total for 
the five hours, 8 a.m. to i p.m., on the 2ist October was, there- 
fore, about 3'23 in. There was an absolute drought from the 
1 8th June to the 6th July inclusive, a period of 19 days, which 
was, however, followed by a more remarkable one. Commencing 
on the 1 8th July and ending on the i9th August, a period of 
32 days, no rain fell, excepting on the 25th July, when '02 was 
registered, the absolute drought in this case lasting 24 days. 

Snow fell on the 28th and 2gth of February, the ist, 3rd, and 
1 5th March, the i9th, 23rd, and 24th April, and the 26th, 27th, 
28th, and 29th December. 

Thunder was heard on the 29th August when '47 of an inch 
of rain fell in half-an-hour ; the 2ist October, during the 
remarkable rain storm ; and the 1 2th November. 

The number of wet days namely, 203 days is, curiously 
enough, exactly the same number as in 1907, although 2'66in. 
less rain fell. This coincidence is a repetition of 1905 and 1906, 
each of these years having 184 rainy days. Two other coinci- 
dences are that March and April had precisely the same rainfall, 
namely, 2*67 in. (which was exactly the amount of the heavy rain 
on the 2ist October), and July and November, 1*43 in. R. S. H. 

BEAMINSTER, FLEET STREET. 

TEMPERATURE, MEAXS OF. 



Max. in 

shade. Mill. 

January .. .. 42'5 31 '7 

February . . . . 47 '7 35 '4 

-March 46' 7 32-3 

April 52-5 37'0 

May 62-9 46'2 

June 69-1 49-6 

July 7C-3 52'0 



Max. iu 

shade. Min. 

August C9-0 50-0 

September .. .. 62-1 46-3 

October .. .. 6O6 46'5 

November .. .. 52-3 39'5 

December .. .. 47'2 3o - 7 

Year , , 56'9 41 '8 



RAINFALL IN DORSET. 151 

Mean temp, for year, 49'4. Daily range i5'i. 

The rainfall was about 8 in. below average. Snow fell on 
1 1 days to a total of 2-37 in., of which the April storm recorded 
0-95 and that of December 078. There were 2 total droughts 
of 20 days, ryth June to 6th July, and 32 days, i8th July to i9th 
August, followed by 17 consecutive rain days. Highest Max. 
temp., 81-3 on ist July. On thre first 4 days of October the Max. 
exceeded 70. J. A. 

BEAMINSTER VICARAGE. This station has a complete record 
for 36 years. Average rainfall for 35 years previous to 1908 
37-82. During those years the rainfall has four times been lower 
than in 1908, viz. : 1887 28-26 
1892 28*52 
189328-35 
189829-48 

The highest rainfall was in 1903, viz. : 49' 2 5. A. A. L. 

CHEDINGTON COURT. The changes of temperature in April 
were remarkably sudden. On morning of 23rd temperature 
50 in shade, changing to very cold ; 3 in. of snow fell in night. 
Morning of 24th, temperature 23. In early hours of 25th more 
snow fell to a total depth of i foot. On ist May temperature 
went up to 68 in shade. The rainfall of the 2oth and 2 ist 
October was remarkable ; nearly 2\ in. fell in 5 J hours. The 
end of December was very cold. Snow fell on 26th, about 3 in., 
and again on 29th from 3 a.m., and continued nearly all day; 
total depth, 8 in. Thaw very rapid ; temperature 42 on 
morning of 3 1 st. Lowest temperature of the year, January 4th, 
13, and December 3oth, 15. 

WYNFORD HOUSE. 24th April, snow. 2 ist October, severe 
storm ; thunder, lightning, hail, and torrential rain. 27th 
December, snow, 2f in. ; 28th, 2| in. ; 29th, 4! in. ; total, 9^ in. 

LITTLEBREDY. In the rainfall of 1908 the following records 
are noticeable. The longest period without rain falling was 
from 1 8th July to i8th August (32 days). Other prolonged 
periods were i7th June to 6th July (20 days), ist to 9th 
November (9 days), I2th to 2 ist April (9 days), and 4th to izth 



I 2 RAINFALL IN bORSET. 

February (8 days). The wettest month was October, with a 
register of 5^33 in. in 19 days; the next was December, with 
4'yi in. in 24 days, four of which gave 0-84 in. from melted snow. 
The lowest record was in June of 0*44 in. in 4 days. The lowest 
register, *oi, was recorded on 36 days during the year. Snow 
was recorded seven times, viz., 28th and 29th February, 24th 
April, and 26th to 29th December. The heaviest single register 
of rainfall in any 24 hours was 1*67 on 2oth to 2ist October. 
Other heavy falls '93, 3oth to 3ist August; '86, i5th to i6th 
February; '78, i5th to i6th July; and "73, 23rd to 24th March. 
The total number of wet days throughout the year was 166 and 
the total rainfall 31*74, which is 3^47 less than the amount 
recorded for the previous year. 

WINTERBOURNE SxEEPLETON. Rainfall of the year about 
3 J in. below average. The deficiency occurred principally in 
the months of June and July. Between i8th July and i8th 
August (32 days, both inclusive), only '01 rain fell. Upwards 
of i in. fell on 4 days during the year, and on 2ist October 
2*20 was registered, which is the heaviest record since the 
register began. During the 4 days, i8th to 2ist October, the 
rainfall amounted to 4^35 in. 

DORCHESTER, No. 2. The total rainfall was 1^09 in. less 
than the average as calculated by the late Mr. H. S. Eaton. 
The year was remarkably free from thunderstorms, and the 
period i7th July to i8th August yielded only *oi rain. J. E. 
ACLAND. 

WINTERBOURNE HERRINGSTON. In the great storm of 2ist 
October it began to rain about 5 a.m. At 8 I measured 0*92, 
and by 12 o'clock a further 2^32 had fallen, so it was one storm 
with a total rainfall of 3'24. R. B. W. 

BLOXWORTH RECTORY. The year 1908 has in this district 
been generally cold and ungenial, and very deficient in sunshine ; 
bad for the setting of fruit bloom in the spring, and bad for the 
ripening of fruit in summer and autumn ; much of it being 
pinched and blighted and wanting in flavour. The absence of 
heavy gales of wind, and also of thunderstorms, has been 



RAINFALL IN DORSET. 153 

remarkable, only one thunderstorm of any severity, viz., 2 8th 
August. The great snowstorm of 2gth December yielded 0^75 
water, the snow having been of an average depth of 6 7 in., and 
no drifts. O. P. C. 

MILTON ABBEY. The sharpest frost this year was on joth 
December at 5 a.m. 28 degrees of frost. There has been very 
little thunder, and no heavy fall of rain. C. H. PERKINS. 



RAINFALL IN DORSET. 



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Station. 


* * * 




*** * * ** * * 


be 
jj 

. 1. 


Milton-on-Stonr 
Gillingham 
Shaf tesbury 
Buckhorn \Veston .. 
Sherborne Castle 
llolwell, We.strow .. 
Stu.rmiu.jter Newton 




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Observer. 






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6 
^ 


arise. 


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RAINFALL IN DORSET. 



'55 



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156 



RAINFALL IN DORSET. 



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RAINFALL IN DORSET. 



157 



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RAINFALL IN DORSKT. 



TABLE III. STATISTICS OF THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR 

AND OF THE HUMIDITY AND AMOUNT OF CLOUD 
AT WlNTERBOURNE STEEPLETON MANOR AT 
9 A.M., KEPT BY MR. H. STILWELL. 





Temperature of the Air. 








In Stevenson's Screen. 


On Grass. 


>- II 


d 
11 


1908. 


Average of 


Extremes. 


M 




C 


If 








tf 




~ -^ 


"- H 












jS 


CD 


11 


g 




4J| 


43 




*j 


jj 


B 


'f 




o 




B 


8 


2? 


B 





I 


o 


""a 






s 






t-5 


1 


3? 


t 



h- 1 


* 








January 


42-7 


31-2 


37-2 


51-9 


13'8 


29'3 


10-0 


94 


6-3 


February . . 


47-6 


36-7 


42-2 


53-9 


27-0 


34-4 


22'6 


93 


8'5 


March 


46-3 


32-7 


39-3 


53-9 


23-0 


29-7 


19-0 


88 


0-8 


April 


51'8 


36-6 


43-8 


6o'l 


27'0 


33-o 


20-6 


86 


7-5 


May 


60-7 


45-1 


52-4 


71-7 


33-0 


427 


28-4 


87 


6-8 


June 


67-3 


47-4 


567 


78-4 


34-3 


44'5 


31-0 


81 


5-6 


July 


68-9 


51-4 


59-5 


81-0 


44-8 


48-2 


40-8 


83 


5-0 


August 


69-5 


49'3 


58-8 


79-0 


37'6 


45'3 


32-0 


82 


6-7 


September . . 


62 "2 


467 


54-1 


74-1 


34-5 


43-1 


29'5 


91 


7 "7 


October 


60-9 


46-5 


53-5 


75-0 


30-0 


437 


25'0 


96 


8-2 


November . . 


52'5 


39-3 


45-9 


59'6 


19-5 


367 


160 


90 


7-0 


December . . 


46-9 


35-9 


41-6 


52-5 


12'0 


34'3 


12-0 


94 


8-8 


Year.. 


5C-4 


41-0 


48'8 


81-0 


12 '0 


38-8 


lO'O 


89 


7-1 










on 2nd 


on 30th 




on 12th 














July. 


Dec. 




Jan. 








By E. A. FRY. 

(Read 27th July, 1909.) 




4 hides i virgate 



HE four tenants in chief of Tarrant Gunville at the 
time of the great survey of Domesday in 1086 
were 
The King for land which 

Hugo fitz Grip held of 

the Queen Matilda 
Radulphus de Creneburne, 

francus - 2 

Aiulfus Camerarius - 2 

Willelmus de Ow - 3 



Making a total of 1 1 hides 3 virgates 

Taking the Hide as averaging 240 acres, the total extent is 
2,820 acres. The present acreage is 3,425, but it is a recognised 
difficulty to reconcile the Domesday with the modern areas in 
any individual parish, though the gross total for the county can 
be made to correspond fairly well. In the case of this parish the 
difficulty is increased as there are several unspecified Tarrants in 
Domesday. 



l6o TARRANT GUXVILLE. 

The lands held by the King had primarily been granted to 
Queen Matilda for her life, and she had granted or leased them 
to Hugh fitz Grip, the pre-Domesday Sheriff of Dorset ; on her 
death in 1083 these lands reverted to the King, not only as 
Reversioner of the Queen, but also by his right of escheat on the 
death, without issue, of the tenant Hugh fitz Grip. 

Of Radulphus of Cranborne, francus, we know nothing, 
though he may perhaps be identified with others of the same 
name. 

Aiulfus Camerarius, or the Chamberlain, was the Sheriff of 
Dorset at the time of Domesday, and, although we do not know 
for certain the intermediate generations, he was doubtless the 
ancestor of the family of the Tollards, and through them of the 
Lucys who held much property here and in other parts of Dorset 
and Wilts. 

William de Ow is a very important and highly interesting 
individual. Until Mr. Eyton wrote his " Key to the Domesday 
of Dorset " in 1878 it had not been suspected by any one that he 
was a different person to William de Ow, Count of Ow (or E\v), 
the great landowner in Sussex. Even such an eminent authority 
as the late Mr. E. A. Freeman did not perceive that he must be 
altogether another individual. It would take up too much time 
here to go into the proofs, but from further evidence collected by 
Mr. Edmond Chester Waters printed in the Yorkshire Archaeo- 
logical Journal and others, it must suffice to say that William 
de Ow was the heir of Ralph de Limesi, Chastellan of Strigoil 
(or Chepstow) before 1086, that he married Helisendis, sister of 
Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester, and that in 1096 he was involved 
in the rebellion against William II. (Rufus). At an adjourned 
meeting of the Gemot at Salisbury on i3th January, 1097, a 
wager of battle was fought between Geoffray de Baynard and 
William de Ow, and the latter was overthrown. By the la