OF THE
DORSET MTQRAIc HISTORY
FIELD SLOB.
EDITED BY
HENRY SYMONDS.
VOLUME XXXVI.
Dorchester :
PRINTED AT THE "DORSET COUNTY CHRONICLE" OFFICE
1915
0?, R A f 5 ^
MAY 2 8 1965
%S, T VOFTO?S^
984686
670
CONTENTS.
PAGE
List of Officers of the Club since the Inauguration . . . . v.
Rules of the Club . . . . . . . . . . vi.
List of Officers and Honorary Members . . . . . . xi.
List of Members . . . . . . . . . . xii.
List of New Members elected since the Publication of Vol. XXXV. xxv.
Publications of the Club ; Societies and Institutions in Corres-
pondence with the Field Club . . . . . . . . xxvi.
THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CLTTB from May, 1914, to May, 1915 xxvii.
MEETING AT DEWLISH AND ITS NEIGHBOURHOOD . . . . xxvii.
MEETING AT CHRISTCHTJRCH, HANTS . . . . . . xxxii.
The Priory Church . . . . . . . . xxxiii.
FIRST WINTER MEETING . . . . . . . . . xxxv.
SECOND WINTER MEETING . . . . . . . . xl.
ANNUAL MEETING . . . . . . . . . . xliv.
The Hon. Treasurer's Statement of the Club's Receipts and
Expenditure
The Hon. Secretary's Account
Anniversary Address of the President . . . . . . Hi.
Notes on Excavations at Dorchester on the Site of the Roman
Defences, by Captain J. E. Acland, F.S.A. . . . . 1
Some Old Village Jokes and Games which obtained in the Black-
more Vale in the Last Century, by E. A. Rawlence . . 6
A Dorset Worthy, William Stone, Royalist and Divine (1615-1685),
by the Rev. Canon J. M. J. Fletcher, M.A. and R.D. .. 16
Early Man in Dorset, by the Rev. H. Shaen Solly, M.A. . . 28
Magic, by W. Ralph G. Bond .. .. .. .. 41
The Augmentation Books (1650-1660) in Lambeth Palace Library,
by Edw. Alex. Fry . . . . . . . . 48
Phonological Report on First Appearances of Birds, Insects, &c.,
and First Flowering of Plants in Dorset during 1914,
by W. Parkinson Curtis, F.E.S. . . . . . . 106
A Tentative Account of the Fungi of East Dorset (part II.), by
the Rev. E. F. Linton, M.A., F.L.S.. . .. .. 148
Returns of Rainfall in Dorset in 1914, by the Rev. H. H. Tilney
Bassett, R.D. . . . . . . . . . . 195
IV.
Reports on the Excavations at Dewlish, 1914, by Dr. Colley
March, Clement Reid, Henry Dewey, &c. . . 209
The Ancient Memorial Brasses of Dorset, by W. de C. Prideaux,
F.S.A., L.D.S., F.R.S.M. . . 225
Index to Volume XXXVI. . . . . . 230
INDEX TO PLATES AND ENGRAVINGS.
PAGE OR TO
FACE PAGE.
Ecclesiastical Stonework found at Grimstone . . . . xxxvii.
REPORTS ON THE EXCAVATIONS AT DEWLISH, 1914
Plan .. .. .. .. .. .. 209
Sections I., IL, III. .. .. .. .. .. Plan
View Looking into Potholes in Field at Eastern End of
Excavations .. .. .. .. .. 211
View of Excavation looking East, showing Fissure partially
cleared .. .. .. .. .. .. 215
View of Excavation looking West, showing River in Valley . . 223
THE ANCIENT MEMORIAL BRASSES OF DORSET
Edward Coker, mural, South Aisle, Bridport . . * . 226
Cheselborne, mural, East Wall of North Aisle . . . . 227
Giles Long, mural ; Robert White, mural ; Robert White,
mural West Stafford . . . . . . . . 228
William Gould, above " Altar " Tomb outside North
Wall of Chancel, Upwey .... 229
H>orset
IRatural 1btetor$ anfc Hnttquarian ffielfc Club,
INAUGUKATED MAECH 26TH, 1875.
Presidents :
1875-1902 J. C. Hansel- Pleydell, Esq., B.A., F.G.S., F.L.S.
1902-1904 The Lord Eustace Cecil, F.E.G.S.
1904 * Nelson M. Richardson, Esq., B.A.
Vice -Presidents :
1875-1882 The Eev. H. H. Wood, M.A., F.G.S.
1875-1884 Professor James Buckman, F.S.A., F.G.S., F.L.S.
1S89-1900 The Rev. Canon Sir Talbot Baker, Bart., M.A.
1880-1900 General Pitt-Rivers, F.R.S.
1880 * The Rev. O. Pickard- Cambridge, M.A., F.R.S. , F.Z.S.
1885 * The Earl of Moray, M.A., F.S.A. Scot., F.G.S.
1892-1904 Nelson M. Richardson, Esq., B.A.
1904~ 19 2 } * The Lord Eustace Cecil, F.R.G.S.
1900-1909 W. H. Hudleston, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., F.L.S., Past Pres.
Geol. Society.
1900-1904 Vaughan Cornish, Esq., D.Sc., F.C.S., F.R.G.S.
1900 * Captain G. R. Elwes.
1902 * H. Colley March, Esq., M.D., F.S.A.
1904 * The Rev. Herbert Pentin, M.A.
1904 * The Rev. W. Miles Barnes, B.A.
1904 * The Rev. Canon J. C. M. Mansel- Pleydell, M.A.
1904-1908 R. Bosworth Smith, Esq., M.A.
1908-1909 Henry Storks Eaton, Esq., M.A., Past Pres. Roy. Met. Society.
1909 *The Rev. Canon C. H. Mayo, M.A., Dorset Editor of " Somerst
and Dorset Notes and Queries."
1909 * E. R. Sykes, Esq., B.A., F.Z.S., Past Pres. Malacological Society.
1911-1912 The Rev. C. W. H. Dicker, R.D.
1912 * Alfred Pope, Esq., F.S.A.
1913 * Henry Symonds, Esq., F.S.A.
1913 * His Honour J. S. Udal, F.S.A.
1915 * Captain John E. Acland. M.A., F.S.A.
Hon. Secretaries :
1875-1884 Professor James Buckman, F.S.A., F.G.S., F.L.S.
1885-1892 The Earl of Moray, M.A., F.S.A. Scot., F.G.S.
1892-1902-Nelson M. Richardson, Esq., B.A.
1902-1904 H. Colley March, Esq., M.D., F.S.A.
1904 * The Rev. Herbert Pentin, M.A.
Hon. Treasurers :
1875-1882 The Rev. H. H. Wood, M.A., F.G.S.
1882-1900 The Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge, M.A., F.R.S., F.Z.S.
1901-1910 Captain G. R. Elwes.
1910-1915 The Rev. Canon J. C. M. Mansel -Pleydell, M.A.
1915 * Captain John E. Acland, M.A., F.S.A.
Hon. Editors:
1875-1884 Professor James Buckman, F.S.A., F.G.S., F.L.S.
1885-1892 The Earl of Moray, M.A., F.S.A. Scot., F.G.S.
1892-1901 Nelson M. Richardson, Esq., B.A.
1901-1906 The Rev. W. Miles Barnes, B.A.
1906-1909 The Rev. Herbert Pentin, M.A.
1909-1912 The Rev. C. W. H. Dicker, R.D.
1912 * Henry Symonds, Esq., F.S.A.
* The asterisk indicates the present officials of the Club.
VI.
RULES
OF
THE DORSET NATURAL HISTORY AND ANTIQUARIAN
FIELD CLUB.
OBJECT AND CONSTITUTION.
1. The Club shall be called The Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian
Field Club, and shall have for a short title The Dorset Field Club.
The object of the Club is to promote and encourage an interest in the study of
the Physical Sciences and Archaeology generally, especially the Natural History of
the County of Dorset and its Antiquities, Prehistoric records, and Ethnology. It
shall use its influence to prevent, as far as possible, the extirpation of rare plants
and animals, and to promote the preservation of the Antiquities of the County.
2. The Club shall consist of (i.) three Officers, President, Honorary Secretary,
and Honorary Treasurer, who shall be elected annually, and shall form the
Executive body for its management ; (ii.) Vice -Presidents, of whom the
Honorary Secretary and Treasurer shall be two, ex officio ; (iii.) The Honorary
Editor of the Annual Volume of Proceedings ; (iv.) Ordinary Members ; (v.)
Honorary Members. The President, Vice-Presidents, and Editor shall form a
Council to decide questions referred to them by the Executive and to elect
Honorary Members. The Editor shall be nominated by one of the incoming
Executive and elected at the Annual Meeting.
There may also be one or more Honorary Assistant Secretaries, who shall be
nominated by the Honorary Secretary, seconded by the President or Treasurer,
and elected by the Members at the Annual Meeting.
Members may be appointed by the remaining Officers to fill interim vacancies
in the Executive Body until the following Annual Meeting.
The number of the Club shall be limited to 400, power being reserved to the
Council to select from the list of candidates persons, whose membership they may
consider to be advantageous to the interests of the Club, to be additional
Members.
PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENTS.
3. The President shall take the chair at all Meetings, and have an original and
a casting vote on all questions before the Meeting. In addition to the two
fx-offido Vice -Presidents, at least three others shall be nominated by the President,
or. in his absence, by the Chairman, and elected at the Annual Meeting.
Vll.
HON. SECEETAEY.
4. The Secretary shall perform all the usual secretarial work ; cause a
programme of each Meeting to be sent to every Member seven days at least
before such Meeting ; make all preparations for carrying out Meetings and, with
or without the help of a paid Assistant Secretary or others, conduct all Field
Meetings. On any question arising between the Secretary (or Acting Secretary)
and a Member at a Field Meeting, the decision of the Secretary shall be final.
The Secretary shall receive from each Member his or her share of the day's
expenses, and thereout defray all incidental costs and charges of the Meeting,
rendering an account of the same before the Annual Meeting to the Treasurer ;
any surplus of such collection shall form part of the General Fund, and any
deficit be defrayed out of that Fund.
HON. TREASTTKEK.
5. The Treasurer shall keep an account of Subscriptions and all other moneys
of the Club received and of all Disbursements, rendering at the Annual General
Meeting a balance sheet of the same, as well as a general statement of the Club's
finances. He shall send copies of the Annual Volume of Proceedings for each
year to Ordinary Members who have paid their subscriptions for that year (as
nearly as may be possible, in the order of such payment), to Honorary Members,
and to such Societies and individuals as the Club may, from time to time, appoint
to receive them. He shall also furnish a list at each Annual Meeting, containing
the names of all Members in arrear, with the amount of their indebtedness to the
Club. He shall also give notice of their election to all New Members.
ORDINARY MEMBERS.
6. Ordinary Members are entitled to be present and take part in the Club's
proceedings at all Meetings, and to receive the published "Proceedings" of the
Club, when issued, for the year for which their subscription has been paid.
7. Every candidate for admission shall be nominated in writing by one
Member and seconded by another, to both of whom he must be personally known.
He may be proposed at any Meeting, and his name shall appear in the programme
of the first following Meeting at which a Ballot is held, when he shall be elected
by ballot, one black ball in six to exclude. Twelve Members shall form a
quorum for the purpose of election. A Ballot shall be held at the Annual and
Winter Meetings, and may be held at any other Meeting, should the Executive
so decide, notice being given in the programme. In the event of the number of
vacancies being less than the number of candidates at four successive Meetings,
the names of any candidates proposed at the first of such Meetings who have not
been elected at one of them shall be withdrawn, and shall not be eligible to be
again proposed for election for at least a year after such withdrawal. Provided
that if at any Meeting there shall be no vacancies available, it shall not be counted
in estimating the above named four Meetings.
VI 11.
8.- The Annual Subscription shall be 10s., which shall become due and
payable in advance on the 1st of January in each year. Subscriptions paid on
election after September in each year shall be considered as subscriptions for the
following year, unless otherwise agreed upon by such Member and the Treasurer.
Every Member shall pay immediately after his election the sum of ten shillings as
Entrance Fee, in addition to his first Annual Subscription.
9._No person elected a Member shall be entitled to exercise any privilege as
such until he has paid his Entrance Fee and first Subscription, and no Member
shall be entitled to receive a copy of the " Proceedings" for any year until his
Subscription for that year has been paid.
10. A registered letter shall be sent by the Hon. Treasurer to any Member
whose Subscription is in arrear at the date of any Annual Meeting, demanding
payment within 28 days, failing which he shall cease to be a Member of the Club,
but shall, nevertheless, be liable for the arrears then due.
11. Members desiring to leave the Club shall give notice of the same in
writing to the Treasurer (or Secretary), but, unless such notice is given before the
end of January in any year, they shall be liable to pay the Annual Subscription
due to the Club on and after January 1st in that year.
HONOEAEY MEMBERS.
12. Honorary Members shall consist of persons eminent for scientific or
natural history attainments, and shall be elected by the Council. They pay no
subscription, and have all the privileges of Ordinary Members, except voting.
MEETINGS.
13. The Annual General Meeting shall be held as near the first week in May
as may be convenient ; to receive the outgoing President's Address (if any) and
the Treasurer's financial report ; to elect the Officers and Editor for the ensuing
year ; to determine the number (which shall usually be three or four), dates, and
places of Field Meetings during the ensuing summer, and for general purposes.
14. Two Winter Meetings shall usually be held in or about the months of
December and February for the exhibition of Objects of Interest (to which not
more than one hour of the time before the reading of the Papers shall be
devoted), for the reading and discussion of Papers, and for general purposes.
The Dates and Places of the Winter and Annual Meetings shall be decided by
the Executive.
15. A Member may bring Friends to the Meetings subject to the following
restrictions : No person (except the husband, wife, or child of a Member), may
attend the Meeting unaccompanied by the Member introducing him, unless such
Member be prevented from attending by illness, and no Member may take with
him to a Field Meeting more than one Friend, whose name and address must be
submitted to the Hon. Secretary and approved by him or the Executive.
The above restrictions do not apply to the Executive or to the Acting Secretary
at the Meeting.
IX.
1(5. Members must give due notice (with prepayment of expenses) to the Hon.
Secretary of their intention to be present, with or without a Friend, at any
Field Meeting, in return for which the Secretary shall send to the Member a card
of admission to the Meeting, to be produced when required. Any Member who,
having given such notice, fails to attend, will be liable only for any expenses
actually incurred on his account, and any balance will be returned to him on
application. The sum of Is., or such other amount as the Hon. Secretary may
consider necessary, shall be charged to each person attending a Field Meeting, for
Incidental Expenses.
17. The Executive may at any time call a Special General Meeting of the
Members upon their own initiative or upon a written requisition (signed by Eight
Members) being sent to the Honorary Secretary. Any proposition to be submitted
shall be stated in the Notice, which shall be sent to each Member of the Club not
later than seven days before the Meeting.
PAPEES.
18. Notice shall be given to the Secretary, a convenient time before each
Meeting, of any motion to be made or any Paper or communication desired to be
read, with its title and a short sketch of its scope or contents. The insertion of
these m the Programme is subject to the consent of the Executive.
19. The Publications of the Club shall be in the hands of the Executive, who
shall appoint annually Three or more Ordinary Members to form with them and
the Editor a Publication Committee for the purpose of deciding upon the contents
of the Annual Volume. These contents shall consist of original papers and
communications written for the Club, and either read, or accepted as read, at a
General Meeting ; also of the Secretary's Reports of Meetings, the Treasurer's
Financial Statement and Balance Sheet, a list to date of all Members of the Club,
and of those elected in the current or previous year, with the names of their
proposers and seconders. The Annual Volume shall be edited by the Editor
subject to the direction of the Publication Committee.
20. Twenty-five copies of his paper shall be presented to each author whose
communication shall appear in the volume as a separate article, on notice being
given by him to the Publisher to that effect.
THE AFFILIATION OF SOCIETIES AND LIBEAEIES TO THE CLUB.
21. Any Natural History or Antiquarian Society in the County may be
affiliated to the Dorset Field Club on payment of an annual fee of Ten Shillings,
in return for which the annual volume of the Proceedings of the Field Club shall
be sent to such Society.
Every affiliated Society shall send the programme of its Meetings to the Hon.
Secretary of the Field Club, and shall also report any discoveries of exceptional
interest. And the Field Club shall send its programme to the Hon. Secretary of
each affiliated Society.
X.
The Members of the Field Club shall not be eligible, ipso facto, to attend any
Meetings of affiliated Societies, and the Members of any affiliated Society shall
not be eligible, ipso facto, to attend any Meetings of the Field Club. But any
M, ml., r i.f an affiliated Society shall be eligible to read a paper or make an
exhibit at the Winter Meetings of the Field Club at Dorchester.
Any Public Library, or Club or School or College Library, iu England or
elsewhere, may be affiliated to the Dorset Field Club on payment of an annual
fee of Ten Shillings, in return for which the annual volume of the Proceedings of
the Field Club shall be sent to such Library.
SECTIONAL COMMITTEES.
22. Small Committees may be appointed at the Annual General Meeting to
report to the Club any interesting facts or discoveries relating to the various
sections which they represent ; and the Committee of each section may elect one
of their Members as a Corresponding Secretary.
NEW EULES.
23. No alteration in or addition to these Rules shall be made except witli the
consent of a majority of three-fourths of the Members present at the Annual
General Meeting, full notice of the proposed alteration or addition having been
given both in the current Programme and in that of the previous Meeting.
XI.
ZTbe Dorset
IRatural Ibistorp an& Hntiquadan jfielfc Club,
INAUGURATED MARCH nth, 1875.
President :
NELSON M. RICHARDSON, ESQ., B.A.
Vice-Presidents :
THE LOED EUSTACE CECIL, F.R.G.S. (Past President}.
THE REV. HERBERT PENTIN, M.A. (Hon. Secretary).
CAPTAIN JOHN E. ACLAND, M.A., F.S.A. (Hon. Treasurer).
HENRY SYMONDS, ESQ., F.S.A. (Hon. Editor).
CAPTAIN G. R. ELWES, J.P.
THE REV. CANON J. C. M. M ANSEL -PLEYDELL, M.A.
H. COLLEY MARCH, ESQ., M.D., F.S.A.
THE REV. CANON MAYO, M.A. (Dorset Editor of " Somerset and Dorset Notes
and Queries ").
THE REV. W. MILES BARNES, B.A.
THE EAEL OF MORAY, M.A., F.S.A. Scot., F.G.S.
THE REV. O. PICK ARD- CAMBRIDGE, M.A., F.R.S., F.Z.S.
ALFRED POPE, ESQ., F.S.A.
E. R. SYKES, Esq., B.A., F.Z.S. (Past Pres. Malacological Society}.
His HONOUR J. S. UDAL, F.S.A.
Executive Body :
NELSON M. RICHARDSON, Esq., B.A. (President).
The Rev. HEEBEET PENTIN, M.A. (Hon. Secretary), St. Peter's Vicarage, Portland.
Captain JOHN E. ACLAND, M.A., F.S.A. (Hon. Treasurer), Wollaston
House, Dorchester.
Hon. Editor :
HENEY SYMONDS, Esq., F.S.A., 30, Boltoii Gardens, London, S.W.
Publication Committee:
The EXECUTIVE, The HON. EDITOE, H. B. MIDDLETON, Esq.,
Dr. COLLEY MARCH, and E. R. SYKES, Esq.
Sectional Committees :
Dorset Photographic Survey
The MEMBERS of the EXECUTIVE
BODY ex officio
The Rev. W. MILES BARNES, B.A.
C. J. CORNISH BROWNE, Esq.
Colonel and Mrs. W. D. DICKSON
(Hon. Directors)
The Rev. S. E. V. FILLEUL, M.A.
Dr. E. K. LE FLEMING
C. H. MATE, Esq.
A. D. MOULLIN, Esq.
Miss HILDA POPE
The Rev. J. RIDLEY
Earthworks
Dr. H. COLLEY MARCH, F.S.A.
(Chairman)
CHAS. S. PRIDEAUX, Esq. (Corres-
ponding Secretary)
The PRESIDENT
J. G. N. CLIFT, Esq.
The Rev. W. O. COCKRAFT, B.A.
H. LE JEUNE, Esq.
Lieut.-ColonelF. G. L. MAIN WARING
VERE L. OLIVER, Esq.
ALFRED POPE, Esq., F.S.A.
W. DE C. PRIDEAUX, Esq., F.S.A.
The Rev. W. RHYDDERCH
Miss E. E. WOODHOUSE
Numismatic
H. SYMONDS, Esq., F.S.A. (Corres-
ponding Secretary)
Captain JOHN E. ACLAND, M.A.,
F.S.A.
Lieut. -Colonel F. G. L. MAIN WARING
Restored Churches
Canon J. C. M. MANSEL-PLEYDELL,
M.A.
W. DE C. PRIDEAUX, Esq., F.S.A.
H. F. RAYMOND, Esq.
The Rev. A. C. ALMACK, M.A.
(Corresponding Secretary)
J. ALLNER, Esq., A.R.I.B.A.
H. W. CRICKMAY, Esq.
The Rev. JAMES CROSS, M.A.
The Rev. Canon FLETCHER, M.A.
R.D.
R. HINE, Esq.
The Rev. Canon MAYO, M.A.
W. B. WILDMAN, Esq., M.A.
The Rev. A. C. WOODHOUSE
Xll.
Eist of jttcmbm
OF THE
Dorset jflatural fyistovp ani Antiquarian
jfidi Ciutu
Honorary Members :
year of
Election. (The initials " O.M." signify " Original Member.")
O.M. W. CARROTHERS, Esq., Ph.D., F.K.S., F.G.S., F.L.S., Bntish Museum
(Nat. Hist.), South Kensington.
1889 A. M. WALLIS, Esq., 29, Mallams, Portland.
1900 CLEMENT REID, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G S., One Acre, Milford-on-
Sea, Hants.
1900 A. SMITH WOODWARD, Esq., LL.D., F.R.S., F.G.S., British Museum (Nat.
Hist.), South Kensington, London.
1904 Sir WM. THISELTON DYER, K.C.M.G., C.I.E., LL.D., Sc.D., Ph.D.,
F.R.S., The Ferns, Witcombe, Gloucester.
1904 Sir FREDERICK TREVES, Bart., G.C.V.O., C.B., LL.D., Thatched House
Lodge, Richmond Park, Kingston-on-Thames.
1908 THOMAS HARDY, Esq., O.M., D. Litt., LL.D., Max Gate, Dorchester.
Members :
1903 The Most Hon. the Marquis of
Salisbury, M.A., C.B. The Manor House, Cranborne
1903 The Most Hon. the Marchioness
of Salisbury The Manor House, Cranborne
O.M. The Right Hon. the Earl of
Moray, M.A., F.S.A. Scot.,
F.G.S. ( Vice -President} Kinfauns Castle, Perth, N.B
1911 The Right Hon. the Earl of
Ilchester Melbury, Dorchester
1902 The Eight Hon. the Earl of
Shaftesbury, K.C.V.O.
1884 The Eight Hon. Lord Eustace
Cecil, F.E.GKS. (Vice -President)
1903 The Eight Hon. Lady Eustace
Cecil
1904 The Eight Eev. the Lord Bishop
of Durham, D.D.
1892 The Eight Eev. the Lord Bishop
Of Worcester, D.D., F.S.A.
1912 The Eight Eev. the Lord Bishop
of Salisbury, D.D.
1889 The Eight Hon. Lord Digby
1907 The Eight Hon. Lord Wynford
1907 The Eight Hon. Lady Wynford
1910 Abbott, F. E., Esq.
1893 Acland, Captain John E., M.A.,
F.S.A. (Vice-President and Hon.
Treasurer')
1892 Acton, Eev. Edward, B.A.
1899 Aldridge, Mrs. Selina
1907 Allner, Mrs. George
1908 Almack, Eev. A. C., M.A.
1906 Atkins, F. T., Esq., M.E.C.S.,
L.E.C.P. Ediii.
1907 Atkinson, George T., Esq., M.A.
1902 Baker, Sir Eandolf L., Bart.,
M.P.
1912 Baker, Eev. E. W., B.A.
1906 Bankes, Mrs.
1912 Bankes, Jerome N., Esq., F.S.A.
1902 Barkworth, Edmund, Esq.
1904 Barlow, Major C. M.
1894 Barnes, Mrs. John lies
1889 Barnes, Eev. W. M., B.A. (Vice-
President)
1903 Barnes, Mrs. A.
1884 Barrett, W. Bowles, Esq.
1906 Barrow, Eichard, Esq.
1895 Bartelot, Eev. E. Grosvenor, M.A.
St. Giles. Wimborne
Lytchett Heath, Poole
Lytchett Heath, Poole
Auckland Castle, Bishop's Auckland
Hartlebury Castle, Kidderminster
The Palace, Salisbury
Minterne, Dorchester
Warmwell House, Dorchester
Warmwell House, Dorchester
Shortwood, Christchurch, Hants
Wollaston House, Dorchester
Iwerne Minster Vicarage, Blandford
Denewood, Alum Chine Eoad, Bourne-
mouth
National Provincial Bank, Sturminster
Newton
The Eectory, Blandford St. Mary
Cathay , Alumhurst Eoad , Bournemouth
Durlston Court, Swanage
Eanston, Blandford
The Eectory, Witchampton
Kingston Lacy, Wimborne
63, Eedcliffe Gardens, London, S. W.
South House, Pydeltrenthide
Southcot, Charminster
Blaudford
Weymouth Avenue, Dorchester
Lyndhurst, Glendinning Avenue,
Weymouth
2, Belfield Terrace, Weymouth
Sorrento House, Sandecotes, Parkstone
Fordington St. George Vicarage,
Dorchester
XIV.
1893 Baskett, S. R., Esq.
1904 Baskett, Mrs. S. R.
I Hi:: Uassctt, Rev. H. H. Tilney, R.D.
(Hon. Editor of the Dorset
n.nnfall Reports}
1909 Batten, Colonel J. Mount, C.B.
H.M. Lieutenant of Dorset
1910 Baxter, Lieut. -Colonel W. H.
1910 Baxter, Mrs. W. H.
1888 Beckford, F. J., Esq.
1908 Benett-Stauford, Major J.,
F.R.G.S., F.Z.S.
1910 Blackett, Rev. J. C., B.A.
1912 Blackett, C. H., Esq.
1912 Blackett, W. E., Esq.
1903 Bond, Gerald Denis, Esq.
1906 Bond, Nigel de M., Esq., M. A.
1903 Bond, Wm. Ralph G., Esq.
1910 Bond, F. Bligh, Esq., F.R.I.B.A.
1913 Bone, Clement G., Esq., M.A.
1894 Bonsor, Geo., Esq.
1889 Bower, H. Syndercombe, Esq.
1900 Bower, Rev. Charles H. S.,
M.A.
1898 Brandreth, Rev. F. W., M.A.
1901 Brennand, John, Esq.
1895 Brymer, Rev. J. G., M.A.
1907 Bulfin, Ignatius, Esq., B.A.
1900 Bullen, Colonel John Bullen
Symes
1914 Burton, Miss
1907 Bury, Mrs. Henry
1905 Busk, W. G., Esq.
1905 Busk, Mrs. W. G.
1901 Bussell, Miss Katherine
Evershot
Evershot
Whitchurch Vicarage, Blandford
Up-Cerne House, Dorchester
The Wilderness, Sherborne
The Wilderness, Sherborne
Witley, Parkstone
Hatch House, Tisbury, Wilts
Keys, Stour Road, Christchurch
Rosapenna, McKinley Road, Bourne-
mouth
Blanchland, McKinley Road, Bourne-
mouth
Holme, Wareham
Hasler House, Crowborough, Sussex
Tyneham, Wareham
The Guild House, Glastonbury
6, Lennox Street, Weymouth
El Castillo, Mairena del Alcor,
Sevilla, Spain
Fontmell Parva, Shilhngstone, Bland-
ford
Childe Okeford Rectory, Shillingstone,
Dorset
Buckland Newton, Dorchester
Iimisfallen, Rossmore Avenue, Park-
stone
Ilsington House, Puddletown
The Den, Knole Road, Bournemouth
Catherston Leweston, near Charmouth
Blake Hill House, Parkstone
May field House, Farnham, Surrey
Wraxall Manor, Cattistock, Dor-
chester
Wraxall Manor, Cattistock, Dor-
chester
Thorneloe School, Rodwell, Wey-
mouth
XV.
1903 Butler-Bowden, Mrs. Bruno
1911 Butlin, M. C., Esq., M.A.
1891 Carter, William, Esq.
1905 Chadwyck-Healey, Sir C. E. H.,
M.A., K.C., K.C.B., F.S.A.
1903 Champ, A., Esq.
1913 Champ, Miss Edith
1913 Champ, Miss Eva M.
1897 Chudleigh, Mrs.
1894 Church, Colonel Arthur
1904 Clapcott, Miss
1905 Clark, Mrs. E. S.
1895 Clarke, E. Stanley, Esq.
1912 Clift, J. G. Neilson, Esq.
1883 Colfox, Miss A. L.
1878 Colfox, Colonel T. A.
1905 Collins, Sir Stephen, M.P.
1904 Collins, Wm. W., Esq., E.I.
1905 Colville, H. K., Esq.
1912 Cooke, Eev. J. H., M.A.,
LL.D.
1902 Cornish, Eev. W. F., M.A.
1903 Cornish -Browne, C. J., Esq.
1891 Cother, Eev. P. L., M.A.
1886 Crespi, A. J. H., Esq., B.A.,
M.E.C.P.
1909 Crickmay, Harry W., Esq.
1884 Cross, Eev. James, M.A.
1914 Cross, Miss Florence
1885 Curme, Decimus, Esq.,
M.E.C.S.
1896 Curtis, C. H., Esq.
1897 Curtis, Wilfrid Parkinson, Esq.,
F.E.S. (Hon. Editor of the
Dorset Phenological Report)
1903 Dacombe, J. M. J., Esq.
1914 Dalton, Mrs. E. E.
1912 Dammers, B. F. H., Esq.
1907 Daniell, G. H. S., Esq., M.B.
Upwey House, Upwey
7, Westerhall Eoad, Weymouth
The Hermitage, Parkstone
Wyphurst, Cranleigh, Surrey
St. Katharine's, Bridport
St. Katharine's, Bridport
Coniston, Bridport
Downshay Manor, Laugton Matravers,
Dorset
St. Alban's, Eodwell, Weymouth
The Cottage, Bradford Peverell, Dor-
chester
St. Aldhelm's, Wareham
Trobridge House, Crediton, Devon
8, Prince's Street, Westminster,
S.W.
Westmead, Bridport
Coneygar, Bridport
Elm House, Tring, Hertfordshire
Stoborough Croft, Wareham
Loders Court, Bridport
Shillingstone Eectory
Steepleton Eectory, Dorchester
Cory ton Park, Axminster
1, Clearmount, Weymouth
Cooma, Poole Eoad, Wimborne
49, St. Mary Street, Weymouth
Baillie House, Sturminster Marshall,
Wimborne
Stock Gaylard Eectory, Sturminster
Newton
Childe Okeford, Blandford
Blandford
Aysgarth, Longfleet, Poole
27, Holdenhurst Eoad, Bournemouth
Cerne Abbas, Dorchester
Eoyal Temple Yacht Club, Eamsgate
Dale House, Blandford
xvi.
Darell, D.,
F.Z.S.
I., F.G.S., F.L.S.
1904 Davies, Rev. Canon S. E., M.A.
1894 Davis, Geo., Esq.
1909 Day, Cyril D., Esq., B.A.
1904 Deane, Mrs. A. M.
1910 Devenish, Major J. H. C.
1907 Dicker, Miss Eleanor H.
1912 Dickson, Colonel W. D.
1912 Dickson, Mrs. W. D.
1911 Dillon-Trenchard, Miss Margaret
1906 Dodd, Frank Wm., Esq.,
M.Inst.C.E.
1908 Dominy, G. H., Esq., M.R.C.S.,
L.R.C.P.
1912 Dru Drury, G., Esq., M.R.C.S.,
L.R.C.P.
1904 Dugdale, J. B., Esq.
1905 Duke, Mrs. Henry
1907 Duke, Miss M. Constance
1908 Duke, Mrs. E. Baruaby
1896 Dundas, Ven. Archdeacon, M.A.
191C Eaton, Rev. A. E., M.A., F.E.S.
1913 Edwards, Aubrey, Esq.
1913 Ellis, Henry, Esq., F.R. A. S.
1885 Elwes, Captain G. R. (Vice-
President)
1913 Facey, C. S., Esq., M.B.
1886 Falkner, C. G., Esq., M.A.
1884 Farley, Rev. H., M.A.
1913 Farrar-Roberts, W., Esq.
1903 Farrer, Colonel Philip
1912 Ferguson, Miss E. M.
1912 Ferguson, Miss Constance
1904 Ffooks, Mrs. E. Archdall
1904 Fielding, Thos., Esq., M.D.
Hillfield House, Stoke Fleming, Dart-
mouth, Devon
Wyke Regis Rectory, Weymouth
West Lodge, Icen Way, Dorchester
Glenhurst, Dorchester
Clay Hill House, near Gillingham
Springfield, Weymouth
Brook House, Upwey, Dorchester
Southill, Dean Park, Bournemouth
Southill, Dean Park, Bournemouth
The Ridge, Durlston Park Road,
Beach House, Weymouth
Milton Abbas, Blandford
Corfe Castle, Wareham
Sandford, Wareham
Manor House, Godmanstone, Dor-
chester
The Limes, Dorchester
Maen, Dorchester
Milton Abbey Vicarage, Blandford.
Richmond Villa, Northam, North
Devon
The Pinetum, Wellington Road, Park-
stone
Boat Close, Lyme Regis
Bossington, Bournemouth
The Elms, Chickerell, near Wey-
mouth
Ireton Bank, Rusholme, Manchester
Overbury Road, Parkstone
Plas Lodwig, St. John's Road,
Bournemouth West
Binnegar Hall, Wareham
Elwell Lea, Upwey, Dorchester
Elwell Lea, Upwey, Dorchester
Kingscote, Dorchester
Halford House, West Hill Road,
Bournemouth
XV11.
1892 FiUeul, Rev. S. E. V., M.A.
1889 Filliter, George Clavell, Esq.
1893 Filliter, Eev. W. D., M.A.
1910 Filliter, Mrs. W. D.
1901 Fisher, Mrs. J. F.
1911 Fisher, Eev. J. Martyn, M.A.
1890 Fletcher, W. H. B., Esq.
1906 Fletcher, Mrs. W. J.
1907 Fletcher, Eev. Canou J. M. J.,
M.A., R.D.
1914 Fletcher, Walter T., Esq.
1885 Floyer, G. W., Esq., B.A.
1895 Forbes, Mrs.
1897 Forde, Henry, Esq.
1910 Forder, B. C., Esq.
1893 Forrester, Hugh Carl, Esq.,
B.A.
1893 Forrester, Mrs. James
1910 Freame, Major B. E.
1895 Fry, Edward Alexander, Esq.
1903 Fry, George S., Esq.
1896 George, Mrs.
1908 Gildea, Miss W. P. C.
1890 Glyn, Captain Carr Stuart
1912 Glyn, Mrs. Carr
o.M. Glyn, Sir E. G., Bart.
1895 Godman, F. du Cane, Esq.,
F!E.S.
1906 Gowrmg, Mrs. B. W.
1888 Greves, Hyla, Esq., M.D.
1904 Groves, Herbert J., Esq.
1906 Groves, Miss S. J.
1912 Groves, Miss
1906 Gundry, Joseph, Esq.
1896 Haggard, Eev. H. A., M.A.
1912 Haines, F. H., Esq., M.E.C.S.,
L.E.C.P.
1903 Hambro, Sir Everard, K.C.V.O.
1905 Hambro, C. Eric, Esq.
1913 Hamilton, Miss
1893 Hankey, Eev. Canon, M.A., E.D.
All Saints' Eectory, Dorchester
St. Martin's House, Wareham
East Lulworth Vicarage, Wareham
East Lulworth Vicarage, Wareham
Vines Close, Wimborne
St. Paul's Vicarage, Weymouth
Aldwick Manor, Bognor, Sussex
Wyrley, Colehill, Wimborne
The Vicarage, Wimborne Minster
Icen Way, Dorchester
West Stafford, Dorchester
Culverhayes, Shillingstone, Bland-
ford
Luscombe, Parkstone
Whatcombe, Blandford
St. John's Cottage, Shaftesbury
Westport, Wareham
The Chantry, Gillingham
227, Strand, London, W.C.
Chesham, The Grove, Nether Street,
Finchley, London, N.
Fleet House, near Weymouth
Upwey Eectory, Dorchester
Wood Leaze, Wimbome
Wood Leaze, Wimborne
Gaunts House, Wimborne
Lower Beeding, Horsham
49, High West Street, Dorchester
Eodney House, Bournemouth
Clifton, Weymouth
Thickthorne, Broadwey, Dorset
Blackdown, Weymouth
Eed House, Queen's Avenue, Dor-
chester
Molash Vicarage, Canterbury
Winfrith, Dorchester
Milton Abbey, Dorset
Pickhurst Mead, Hayes, Kent
Affpuddle Vicarage, Dorchester
Lambert House, Dorchester
xviii.
1910 Harbin, Eev. Prebendary E. H.
Bates, M.A.
1898 Hassell, Miss
1894 Hawkins, W., Esq., M.K.C.S.
1903 Hawkins, Miss Isabel
1908 Hawkins, Rev. H.
1893 Hayne, R., Esq.
1905 Heath, F. R., Esq.
1911 Hellins, Rev. E. W. J., M.A.,
LL.B.
1911 Hellins, Mrs. E. W. J.
1899 Henning, Mrs.
1912 Hichens, Mrs. T. S.
1910 Hill, Miss Pearson
1902 Hine, R., Esq.
1902 Homer, Miss E. C. Wood
1907 Homer, Mrs. G. Wood
isss Huntley, H. E., Esq.
1915 Jackson, Major R. W. H.,
R.A.M.C.
1903 Jenkins, Rev. T. Leonard, M.A.
1912 Jordan, Miss
1915 Kentish, G. C. A., Esq.
1893 Kerr, E. W., Esq., M.D.
1895 Lafontaine, A. C. de, Esq., F.S.A.
1876 Langford, Rev. Canon, M.A.
1907 Lees, Captain Edgar, R.N.
1907 Lees, Mrs. Edgar
1910 Le Fleming, E. K., Esq., B.A.,
M.B.
1900 Legge, Miss Jane
1902 Lewis, Rev. A., M.A.
1S90 Lister, Miss Gulielma, F.L.S.
1905 Llewellin, W., Esq., M.A.
1900 Lock, Mrs. A. H.
1892 Lock, His Honour Judge
B. Fossett
1911 Long, Rev. H. R., B.A.
1910 MacCormick, Rev. F., F.S.A.
Scot., M.R.A.S.
1888 MacDonald, P. W., Esq., M.D.
Newton Surmaville, Yeovil
Westfield Lodge, Parkstone
Hillfield, Broad wey, Dorchester
Ryme, El well Street, Upwey
1, Wcsterhall, Weymouth
Spring Bottom, Osmington
The Woodlands, Weymouth
Marnhull Rectory, Dorset
Marnhull Rectory, Dorset
Frome, Dorchester
Flamberts, Trent, Sherborne
Rax, Bridport
Beaminster
Bardolf Manor, Puddletown
Bardolf Manor, Puddletown
Charlton House, Blandford
10, Greenhill Terrace, Weymouth
Leigh Vicarage, Sherborne
The Ridge, Durlston Park Road,
Swanage
Longcroft, Windsor Road, Park-
stone
South Walks House, Dorchester
Athelhampton, Dorchester
Southbrook, Starcross, S. Devon
White Cross, Wyke Regis
White Cross, Wyke Regis
St. Margaret's, Wimborne
Allington Villa, Bridport
Chardstock Vicarage, Chard
High Cliff, Lyme Regis
Upton House, Poole
53, High West Street, Dorchester
The Toft, Bridlington, East Yorks
Tolpuddle, Dorchester
Wrockwardine Wood Rectory, Wel-
lington, Salop
Herrison, Dorchester
XIX.
1902 Mainwaring, Lieut. -Col. F. G. L.
1890 Manger, A. T., Esq.
1399 Mansel-Pleydell, Rev. Canon
J. C. M., M.A. (Vice-
President}
1896 March, H. Colley, Esq., M.D.,
F.S.A., M.R.S.A.I., F.A.I.
( Vice -President)
1883 Marriott, Sir W. Smith, Bart.
1904 Marsh, J. L., Esq.
1911 Mason, W. J., Esq.
1911 Mason, Mrs. E. E.
1907 Mate, C. H., Esq.
1879 Maunsell, Rev. F. W., M.A.
O.M. Mayo, Rev. Canon, M.A.,
( Vice -President}
1912 McDowall, A. S., Esq., M.A.
1914 Mead, Colonel
1907 Michell, Theo., Esq.
O.M. Middleton, H. B., Esq., M.A.
1909 Middleton, Miss A.
1890 Milne, Rev. Percy H., M.A.
O.M. Moorhead, J., Esq., M.A.,
M.D.
1905 Morgan, Mrs.
1911 Morris, Sir Daniel, K.C.M.G.,
D.Sc., D.C.L., F.L.S.
1914 Moule, Rev. A. C., B.A.
1897 Moullin, Arthur D., Esq.
1914 Nash, Mrs.
1909 Newnham, H. S., Esq.
1905 Nicholson, Captain Hugh
1906 Oke, A. W., Esq., B.A., LL.M.,
F.S.A., F.G.S.
1886 Okeden, Colonel U. E. Parry
1908 Oliver, Vere L., Esq.
1908 Oliver, Mrs. Vere L.
1904 Oliver, Weston, Esq., M.A.
1908 Ord, W. T., Esq., M.R.C.S.,
L.R.C.P., F.G.S.
Wabey House, Upwey
Stock Hill, Gillingham
10, Clarence Terrace, Regent's Park,
London, N.W.
Portesham, Dorchester
The Down House, Blandford
White Cliff Mill Street, Blandford
St. Denis, Cann, Shaftesbury
St. Denis, Cann, Shaftesbury
Elim, Surrey Road South, Bourne-
mouth
Lansdowne Villa, "Wey mouth
Gillingham, Dorset
Norden, Corfe Castle '
Chescombe House, near Blandford
Trewirgie, 37, Christchurch Road,
Bournemouth
Bradford Peverell, Dorchester
Bradford Peverell, Dorchester
Hornblotton Rectory, Castle Gary
The Imperial Hotel, Bournemouth
The Vicarage, Yetminster
14, Crabtoii Close, Boscombe
Little Bredy, Dorchester
Fermain, Cranbourne Road, Swanage
The Launches, West Lulworth
Rodlands, Dorchester
Nettlecombe, Melplash
32, Denmark Villas, Hove, Sussex
Turnworth, Blandford
Whitmore Lodge, Sunninghill, Berks
Whitmore Lodge, Sunninghill, Berks
Castle House, Weymouth
Greensted, 14, Madeira Road, Bourne-
mouth
\\.
1911 Ouless, W. W., Esq., R.A.
11M1 Ouless, Miss Catherine
1914 Pass, Alfred Douglas, Esq.
IS'JO Patey, Miss
1905 Patterson, Mrs. Myles
1907 Paul, Edward Clifford, Esq.,
M.A.
1907 Paul, Mrs. Edward Clifford
1894 Payne, Miss Florence O.
1906 Pearce, Mrs. Thos. A.
1909 Pearce, Edwin, Esq.
1901 Peck, Gerald R., Esq.
1894 Penny-Snook, S., Esq., M.R.C.S.,
L.R.C.P.
1907 Penny-Snook, Mrs. S.
1901 Pentin, Rev. Herbert, M.A.
(Vice -President and Hon.
Secretary)
1894 Peto, Sir Henry, Bart.
189G Phillips, Miss
1908 Phillips, Rev. C. A., M.A.
1893 Pickard-Cambridge, A. W., Esq.,
M.A.
o.M. Pickard - Cambridge, Rev. O.,
M.A., F.R.S. ( Vice- President)
1908 Pickard-Cambridge, Miss Ada
1908 Pickard-Cambridge, Miss
Catherine
1903 Pike, Leonard G., Esq.
1903 Pitt-Rivers, A. L. Fox, Esq.,
F.S.A.
1904 Plowman, Rev. L. S.
1896 Pond, S., Esq.
1894 Ponting, Chas. E., Esq., F.S.A.
1908 Poole, Rev. Sealy, M.A.
O.M. Pope, Alfred, Esq., F.S.A. (Vice-
President}
1906 Pope, Alfred Rolph, Esq., M.A.
1906 Pope, Mrs. Alfred Rolph
1909 Pope, Francis J., Esq.,
F.R.Hist.S.
12, Bryanston Square, London, W.
12, Bryanston Square, London, W.
Wootton Fitzpaine, Charmouth
185, Oakwood Court, Kensington,
London, W.
Conygar, Broadmayne, Dorchester
Eastbrook House, Upwey
Eastbrook House, Upwey
Rydal, Wimborne
Ivythorpe, Dorchester
Fore Street, Taunton
Muston Manor, Puddletown
Netherton House, Weymouth
Nethertou House, Weymouth
St. Peter's Vicarage. Portland
Chedington Court, Misterton, Somer-
set
Walton House, Bournemouth
Walton House, Bournemouth
St. Catherine's, Headington Hill, Ox-
ford
Bloxworth Rectory, Wareham
Picardy, Rodwell, Weymouth
Picardy, Rodwell, Weymouth
Kingbarrow, Wareham
Rushmore, Salisbury
Ibberton Rectory, Blandford
Blandford
Wye House, Marlborough
Chickerell Rectory, Weymouth
South Court, Dorchester
Culliford House, Dorchester
Culliford House, Dorchester
17, Holland Road, London, W.
XXI.
1914 Powell, H. Bolland, Esq.,
A.M.I.C.E.
1909 Pratt, Colonel, E.A.
1896 Prideaux, C. S., Esq., L.D.S.
1900 Prideaux, W. de C., Esq., L.D.S.
F.S.A., F.K.S.M.
1905 Priugle, Henry T., Esq., M.D.
1905 Pringle, Mrs. Henry T.
1888 Pye, William, Esq.
1905 Eamsden, Mrs.
1912 Rawlence, E. A., Esq.
1886 Reynolds, Mrs. Arthur
1904 Rhydderch, Rev. W.
1887 Richardson, N". M., Esq., B.A.
(President}
1901 Ridley, Rev. J.
1911 Robson, Colonel H. D.
1886 Rodd, Edward Stanhope, Esq.
1907 Roe, Miss M. M. E.
1909 Roe, Rev. Wilfrid T., M.A.
1912 Romilly, Geo., Esq., M.A.
1907 Roper, Freeman, Esq., F.L.S.
1889 Russell, Colonel C. J., R.E.
1910 Russell -Wright, Rev. T., M.A.
1905 Sanderson -Wells, T. H., Esq.,
M.D.
1905 Saunt, Miss
1905 Saunt, Miss B. V.
1910 Schuster, Mrs. W. P.
1904 Seaman, Rev. C. E., M.A., R.D.
1883 Searle, Alan, Esq.
1906 Shephard, Colonel C. S., D.S.O.
1896 Shepheard, Thomas, Esq.,
F.R.M.S.
1906 Shepherd, Rev. F. J.
1903 Sheridan, Mrs. A. T. Brinsley
1884 Sherren, J. A., Esq., F.R. Hist. S.
1914 Sherring, R. Vowell, Esq., F.L.S.
1913 Shields, Rev. A. J., M.A.
1908 Shortt, Miss E. F.
Hillsdon, Springfield Road, Parkstone
The Ferns, Charminster
Ermington, Dorchester
12, Frederick Place, Weymouth
Ferndown, Wimborne
Ferndown, Wimborne
Dunmore, Rodwell, Weymouth
The Dower House, Lew Trenchard,
Devon
Newlands, Salisbury
Wyndcroft, Bridport
Owermoigne Rectory, Dorchester
Montevideo, Chickerell, near Wey-
mouth
The Rectory, Pulham, Dorchester
St. Oswald, West Lulworth
Chardstock House, Chard
Trent Rectory, Sherborne
Trent Rectory, Sherborne
The Grange, Marnhull
Forde Abbey, Chard
Clavinia, Weymouth
Mountside, Westbourne Park Road,
Bournemouth
16, Victoria Terrace, Weymouth
The Cottage, Upwey
The Cottage, Upwey
Lullingstone, Wimborne
Stalbridge Rectory, Blandford
Ashton Lodge, Bassett, Southampton
Shortlake, Osmington, Weymouth
Kingsley, Bournemouth West
The Presbytery, Dorchester
Framptoii Court, Dorchester
Helmsley, Penn Hill Avenue, Park-
stone
Hallatrow, Bristol
Thornford Rectory, Sherborne
The Manor House, Martinstown
190S Shortt, Miss L. M.
1897 Simpson, Jas., Esq.
1 ML") Simpson, Miss
1912 Smith, Rev. A. Hippisley
1915 Smith, Mrs. Hamblin
1899 Smith, Howard Lyon, Esq.,
L.R.C.P.
1909 Smith, Nowell C., Esq., M.A.
1908 Smith, Mrs. Spencer
1888 Solly, Rev. H. Shaen, M.A.
1901 Sotheby, Rev. W. E. H., M.A.
R.D.
1905 Stephens, J. Thompson, Esq.
1908 Stephens, A. N., Esq.
1900 Storer, Colonel, late R.E.
1895 Sturdy, Leonard, Esq.
1896 Sturdy, Philip, Esq.
1907 Sturdy, Alan, Esq.
1905 Sturdy, E. T., Esq.
19U Sturrock, J., Esq., C.I.E.
1898 Sturt, W. Neville, Esq.
189S Suttill, H. S., Esq.
1905 Suttill, John, Esq.
1913 Swaffield, A. Owen, Esq.
1912 Swinburne -Hanham, J. C.,
Esq.
1893 Sykes, E. R., Esq., B.A., F.Z.S.
(Vice-President)
1889 Symes, Colonel G. P., M.A.
B.C.L., M.V.O.
1904 Symonds, Arthur G., Esq.
1904 Symonds, Henry, Esq., F.S.A.
( Vice- President and
Hon. Editor}
1912 Symonds, F. G., Esq.
1913 Symonds, Wm. Pope, Esq.
1901 Telfordsmith, Telford, Esq.,
M.A., M.D.
The Manor House, Martiustown
Minteme Grange, Parkstone
Penolver, Gleudinuing Avenue, Wey-
mouth
Knowlton House, Surrey Road,
Bournemouth
Medical Officer's House, The Grove,
Portland
Mount Pleasant, Inkberrow, Wor-
cestershire
School House, Sherborne
Vine House, Sturminster Newton
Southcote, Alexandra Road, Parkstone
Gillingham Vicarage, Dorset
Wanderwell, Bridport
Haddon House, West Bay, Bridport
Keavil, Bournemouth
Trigon, Wareham
The Wick, Branksome, near Bourne-
mouth
Linden, East Lul worth
Norburton, Burton Bradstock, Bridport
12, Greenhill, Weymouth
9, Lansdown Crescent, Bath
Pymore, Bridport
24, West Street, Bridport
Rodwell Lodge, Weymouth
106, Goldhurst Terrace, N.W.
Longthorns, Blandford
Monksdene, Dorchester Road, Wey-
mouth
10, South Street, Dorchester
30, Bolton Gardens, London, S.W.
The Firs, Sturminster Newton
Newton House, Sturminster Newton
The Knoll, Parkstone
XX111.
1906 Thomson, Chas. Bertram, Esq.,
F.E.O.S.
1907 Towers, Miss
1898 Troy te -Bullock, Mrs.
1905 Truell, Mrs.
O.M. Udal, His Honour J. S., F.S.A.
(Vice -President}
1908 Udal, 1ST. "R., Esq., B.A.
1890 Usherwood, Eev. Canon T. E.,
M.A.
1910 Vivian, S. P., Esq.
1887 Walker, Eev. S. A., M.A.
1905 Ward, Samuel, Esq.
o.M. Warre, Kev. Canon F., M.A.
190-i Warry, Mrs. King
1904 Warry, Wm., Esq.
1905 Watkins, Wm., Esq., F.E.G.S.
1893 Weaver, Eev. F. W., M.A.,
F.S.A., F.E.Hist.S.
1910 Webb, Miss
1908 Whitby, Mrs. J.
1914 Widnell, Edward, Esq.
1904 Wildman, W. B., Esq., M.A.
1903 Williams, Captain Berkeley
C. W.
1884 Williams, Colonel Sir Eobert,
Bart., M.P.
1884 Williams, Lady
1908 Williams, Miss Ehoda
1906 Williams, Miss Meta
1912 Williams, Mrs. Arthur S.
1906 Winwood, T. H. E., Esq., M.A.
1910 Woodd, A. B., Esq., M.A.,
M.E.I.
1913 Woodhouse, Eev. A. C.
1913 Woodhouse, Mrs. A. C.
1898 Woodhouse, Miss
1903 Woodhouse, Miss Ellen E.
1906 Woodhouse, Frank D., Esq.
1906 Woodhouse, Mrs. Frank D.
Eomansleigh, Wimborne
Talbot Cottage, Eoslin Eoad, Bourne-
mouth
Silton Lodge, Zeals, Bath
Onslo\v, Wimborne
2, Marlborough Hill, London, N.W.
Gordon College, Khartoum
Bagdale, Parkstone
22, Eoyal Avenue, Chelsea, S.W.
Charlton Manor, Blandford
Ingleton, Greenhill, Weymouth
Bemerton, Salisbury
39, Filey Avenue, Upper Clapton,
London, N.
Westrow, Holwell, Sherborne
62, London Wall, E.G.
Milton Vicarage, Evercreech, Somerset
Luscombe, Parkstone
Preston, Yeovil
Eoyston, Wimborne
The Abbey House, Sherborne
Herringston, Dorchester
Bridehead, Dorchester
Bridehead, Dorchester
Bridehead, Dorchester
South Walk, Dorchester
Hill House, Yetminster
Eothesay, Dorchester
Heckfield, Milford-on-Sea, Hants
Winterborne Monkton Eectory, Dor-
chester
Winterborne Monkton Eectory, Dor-
chester
Chilmore, Ansty, Dorchester
Chilmore, Ansty, Dorchester
Old Ford House, Blandford St. Mary
Old Ford House, Blandford St. Mary
XXIV.
1911 Woodhouse, Miss A. M. R. Xorden, Blandford
1902 Wright, Rev. Herbert L., B.A. Church Knowle Rectory, Corfe Castle
1910 Yeatman, H. F., Esq., M.A.,
B.C.L. '2S, Cecil Court, Hollywood Road,
London, S.W.
AFFILIATED LIBE ABIES (Rule XXI.).
1911 Central Public Library Bournemouth
1915 Sherborne School Library Sherborne
The above list includes the New Members elected up to and including the
May meeting of the year 1915.
(Any omissions or errors should be notified to the Hon. Secretary.)
XXV.
jltentbm
ELECTED SINCE THE PUBLICATION OF THE LIST CONTAINED
IN VOL. XXXV.
PROPOSED MAY 12TH, 1914.
Nominee. Proposer. Seconder.
Colonel Mead, of Chescombe The late Joseph Whitby, E. R. Sykes, Esq.
House, near Blandford Esq.
Mrs. Nash, of The Launches, The late Rev. W. P. The Rev. W. D.
West Lulworth Schuster Filliter.
Edward Widnell, Esq., of Sir Richard G. Glyn Captain Carr S. Glyn
Royston, Wimborne
Walter T. Fletcher, Esq., of Canon J. M. J. Fletcher C. S. Prideaux, Esq.
Dorchester
PROPOSED JUNE 30TH, 1914.
Nominee. Proposer. Seconder.
Mrs. Dalton, of Cerne Abbas, The Rev. H. Hawkins Dr. T. H. Sanderson
Dorchester Wells
PROPOSED JULY 21sT, 1914.
Nominee. Proposer. Seconder.
H. Bolland Powell, Esq., F. J. B. Beckford, Esq. James Simpson, Esq.
A.M.I.C.E., of Hillsdon,
Springfield-road, Parkstone
PROPOSED DECEMBER STH, 1914.
Nominee. Proposer. Seconder.
Mrs. Hamblin Smith, The Hon. Secretary. The Rev. H. Hawkins.
Medical Officer's House,
The Grove, Portland
Major R. W. H. Jackson, Dr. S. Pemry Snook. The Hon. Secretary.
R.A.M.C., 10, Greenhill
Terrace, Weymouth
PROPOSED FEBRUARY 16TH, 1915.
Nominee. Proposer. Seconder.
The Mayor of Poole (G. C. R. Barrow, Esq. Canon T. E. Usherwood.
A. Kentish, Esq.), of
Windsor Road, Parkstone
XXVI.
PUBLICATIONS.
Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club.
Vols. [. - XXXVI. Price l()s. (id. each volume, postfree.
General Index to the Proceedings. Vols. I. XXVI. Price 6d., by post 7d.
The Church Bells of Dorset. By the Rev. Canon RAVEN, D.D., F.S.A. Price
(in parts, as issued), 6s. 6d., post free.
By the late J. C. HANSEL -PLEYDELL, B.A., F.G.S., F.L.S.
The Flora of Dorset. 2nd Edition. Price 12s.
The Birds of Dorset. Price 5s.
The Mollusca of Dorset. Price 5s.
By the Rev. O. PICKARD- CAMBRIDGE. M.A., F.R.S., F.Z.S.
Spiders of Dorset. 2 vols. Price 25s., post free.
The British Phalangidea, or Harvest Men. Price 5s., post free.
British Chernetidea, or False Scorpions. Price 3s., post free.
By the PRESIDENT :
Second Supplement to the Lepidoptera of the Isle of Purbeck. Compiled
from the notes of Eustace R. Bankes, M.A., F.E.S. Price Is.
The Volumes of Proceedings can be obtained from the Hon. Treasurer
(Captain John E. Acland, Dorset County Museum) ; the Church Bells of
Dorset, from the Rev. W. Miles Barnes, Dorchester ; Mr. Mansel-Pleydell's
works, from the Curator of the Dorset County Museum, Dorchester ; the
Rev. O. Pickard- Cambridge's works, from the Author, Bloxworth Rectory,
Wareham ; the Lepidoptera of the Isle of Purbeck, from the President ; and the
General Index, from the Assistant -Secretary (Mr. H. Pouncy, Dorset County
Chronicle Office, Dorchester).
SOCIETIES & INSTITUTIONS IN CORRESPONDENCE
WITH THE FIELD CLUB.
BODLEIAN LIBRARY, OXFORD.
BOURNEMOUTH NATURAL, SCIENCE SOCIETY, MUNICIPAL, TECHNICAL AND
ART SCHOOL, BOURNEMOUTH.
BRISTOL AND GLOUCESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, GLOUCESTER.
BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON.
BRITISH MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, SOUTH KENSINGTON, LONDON.
BRITISH ASSOCIATION, BURLINGTON HOUSE, LONDON.
CAMBRIDGE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, CAMBRIDGE.
DEVONSHIRE ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, LITERATURE,
AND ART (THE HON. GENERAL SECRETARY, CARE OF MESSRS. W. BRENDON
AND SON, PLYMOUTH).
ESSEX MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, STRATFORD, ESSEX.
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, LONDON.
HAMPSHIRE FIELD CLUB (CARE OF MESSRS. GILBERT, SOUTHAMPTON).
ROYAL SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES, DUBLIN, IRELAND.
SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES, LONDON.
SOMERSET ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, TAUNTON
CASTLE, TAUNTON.
UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, CAMBRIDGE.
WILTSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, DEVIZES.
JFtje firoceetungg
Dorset Jftatural Ijistarp anti Antiquarian
Jfidti Club.
(FROM MAY, 1914, TO MAY, 1915.)
FIRST SUMMER MEETING.
DEWLISH AND ITS NEIGHBOURHOOD.
Tuesday, 30th June.
The members and their guests assembled at the South-
western Railway Station, Dorchester, under the leadership
of the President, Mr. Nelson M. Richardson. There was a
large attendance on this occasion, about 130 being present.
The first objective was the recent excavation at the
" Elephant Trench " in Dewlish, which was reached after a
pleasant motor drive via Puddletown. The party then
climbed the hill to the site of the cutting which had been made
under the superintendence of Mr. C. S. Prideaux.
It may be briefly recalled that the remains of elephas
meridionalis were originally discovered at this spot in 1813,
that subsequently our first president, Mr. J. C. Mansel-
Pleydell, explored the fissure, and that he communicated
two papers thereon to our Proceedings, viz., in vol x., p. 1, and
vol. xiv., p. 139. The present investigation of the site forms
a supplement to the researches of our late president, the chief
objects of the Earthworks Committee being to determine
the nature of the trench or fissure, and to search for any
traces of prehistoric man, of whose presence or handiwork
no evidence had previously been found. The tusks and
XXviii. DEWLISH AND ITS NEIGHBOURHOOD.
molars of the elephant which were unearthed in 1888 are to be
seen in the County Museum at Dorchester, and Canon Mansel-
Pleydell was able to add to the interest of this meeting on
the hillside at Dewlish by exhibiting a photograph of his late
father and the other workers, taken when they were engaged
in the excavations of twenty-six years ago.
After the members had examined the deep cutting and the
circular holes found at the bottom of the trench, Mr. Prideaux,
as director of the operations, gave a short description of the
results attained. He said that they had dug out the trench
with every care, plans had been made, and all the finds had
been classified as far as was possible. Several bones had been
brought to light, but they were unfortunately in a very
friable condition and difficult to move. They had also
discovered a good molar, and a number of flints which were
highly polished by the action of river or desert sand. A few
flints might perhaps be regarded as showing signs of human
workmanship, but it was a doubtful point. Notwithstanding
that the soil had been moved on several previous occasions
they were able to obtain some very good sections.
The party then visited a tent in w r hich Mr. W. de C.
Prideaux exhibited and commented upon the various objects
mentioned by his brother.
Mr. Clement Reid, at the invitation of the President,
afterwards addressed the meeting. He expressed the opinion
that the work then in progress was an important scientific
enquiry, which became more and more puzzling as they
went on with it. The question of the origin of the trench
had again come to the front. His friend, the Rev. Osmond
Fisher, thought that it was a pitfall made for trapping animals,
as was the practice in the Soudan and elsewhere. He, Mr.
Reid, did not share that view, as he believed that the trench
was a natural formation ; but he had been assured that the
traps in the Soudan were similar in shape, becoming narrower
towards the bottom so that the animal was wedged between
the two walls. The remains which had been found were
not those of the mammoth well known in other parts of the
DEWL1SH AND ITS NEIGHBOURHOOD. XXIX.
country. This was a much older elephant, which became
extinct, as they believed, in pre-Glacial times. It had been
found in the Cromer Forest bed, beneath some 200 feet of
Glacial deposits, and in a few other places, but always in
ancient beds and without, as far as he knew, any clear evidence
of man. The polished flints, almost with a lapidary's polish,
were exactly like those found in the Sahara desert and in a
limestone fissure at Portland. Another point had been made
clear, viz., that the fissure at Dewlish ended in a series of
pot holes instead of a definite floor at the bottom. Until
these holes had been thoroughly examined they could not
say positively whether the opening was natural or artificial.
No hand-worked implement had been found in the trench,
but one had been picked up in the field.
A aetailed report, with plans of the excavation, will be
printed in the later pages of this volume.
Subssquently the members drove to Bingham's Melcombe,
where they were enabled, by the kindness of Mr. W. H.
LongbO;tom, to visit and explore the house and gardens,
the chaim of which has been so well told by the late Mr.
Bosworti Smith in his Bird life and bird lore. The visitors
having sssembled in the courtyard, the Rev. H. Pentin
addressed them on the history of the house, which had been
the home of the Bingham family during a continuous period
of 600 yef,rs. He reminded them that the house was first
built, as ms believed, during the time of Edward I., but
the building as they saw it on that day was for the most part
Tudor, a beautiful example of the domestic architecture of
the sixteentl century. The gatehouse, said to be the oldest
portion of tie structure, was particularly worthy of notice,
as were the lingham arms carved on the stone of the oriel.
Mr. Pentin alio drew attention to the table in the hall, the
heraldic glass, the portraits, among which were those of
Straff ord and laud, and the ancient bowling green with the
yew hedge of Tidor days.
Mrs. Longbotom escorted the party through the hall and
the principal roons, pointing out the chief objects of interest,
xxx. I>I;\VI.ISH AND ITS NEIGHBOURHOOD.
historical and artistic. After a ramble through the old-world
gardens, the President expressed tho thanks of the Field
Club to Mr. and Mrs. Longbottom for allowing them to visit
the house.
It had been intended to walk up to the " Dorsetshire
Gap " and to enjoy the view over Blackmore Vale, but the
mid-day heat suggested prudence, and the drive was continued
to the neighbouring manor house of Melcombe Horsey. Here
was seen another type of house, which nevertheless presented
many points of attraction to the antiquary. Before entering,
Mr. Pentin told the Club that the building, although
externally modernized, was the surviving portion of the old
manor house of Lord Rivers. At the time when the Tudor
style was merging into the Jacobean, the owner w&s Sir
Thomas Freke, of Iwerne Courtney, to whom was attributed
the 'erection of the domestic chapel at the north-east end of
the house. The outer walls of this chapel are built of ashlar
and blue flints in alternate courses ; on the south side ire two
large windows of debased Gothic, and on the north is a series
of Perpendicular windows, which were transferred, as it is
believed, by Sir Thomas Freke from the ruins of a previously
existing parochial chapel. At the present time tie chapel
is converted to other purposes, a floor divides it horizontally,
and the upper part is used as a loft. The vis tors then
inspected the interior of the house, where they fjund large
rooms with moulded plaster ceilings, and parelled walls
with Jacobean overmantels. In earlier days, however, the
woodwork had been covered to a large extent wth layers of
paint. In the chapel, the original waggon roof, hiilt of chest-
nut and oak, was much admired, also the car'ed bosses of
the timbers, some of which retained their herallic colouring.
Before leaving Melcombe Horsey, Mr. Richaxlson thanked
Mr. and Mrs. F. O. Kent for their kindness h receiving the
Field Club at their pleasant home.
The last item on the day's programme was a visit to
Chesilbourne and its church, where the patfy was met and
welcomed by the Rector, the Rev. F. S. Belle.
DEWLISH AND ITS NEIGHBOURHOOD. XXXI.
Mr. W. de C. Prideaux, in the course of his description of
the church, said that the fabric was mainly built in the
middle of the fourteenth century. He directed attention to
the twin hagioscopes, a grotesque head carved on one of the
capitals, and the scratch dial* over the south porch. Mr.
Prideaux had made, and then exhibited, a successful rubbing
of the grave slab of Richard Baskett and Ureth his wife, and
he kindly gave to the members some photographic prints of
the Kete brasses on the east wall of the north aisle. The
Rector showed the Elizabethan chalice of 1574, and the
parish register dating from 1649 ; the latter contained
interesting entries as to collections for church briefs.
Mr. Alfred Pope then commented on the details of the
preaching cross, which, like the church, was of fourteenth
century work. The tapering shaft was square with moulded
angles, and the steps of the Calvary were unusually deep.
Mr. Pope also referred to the ancient dole table near the cross.
The party subsequently adjourned to the Rectory garden,
where Mrs. Beale had very kindly undertaken the task of
providing tea. A business meeting was then held, at w^hich
the President announced that Colonel and Mrs. Dickson, of
Bournemouth, had promised to act as joint directors of the
Dorset photographic survey, and he also took the opportunity
of congratulating the Honorary Secretary on his recent
appointment as Vicar of St. Peter's, Portland, and of
expressing the Field Club's appreciation of his work.
Finally, Mr. Richardson tendered the thanks of the
visitors to the Rector and Mrs. Beale for all the trouble
which had been taken on their behalf.
A quick drive to the railways at Dorchester brought to a
close a very successful meeting.
* For examples of this early form of sundial, see Somerset Arch,
and X.H. Society, vol. 59, p. 25.
XXxli. CHRISTCHITRCH, HANTS.
SECOND SUMMER MEETING.
CHRISTCHURCH, HANTS.
Tuesday, 2lst July.
This meeting of the Field Club was attended by Mr. and
Mrs. Nelson Richardson, the Rev. Herbert Pentin, Canon
Mansel-Pleydell, Colonel Mount Batten, His Majesty's
Lieutenant for the county, and about eighty members and
their friends.
After assembling at Christchurch railway station, a visit
was made to the natural history museum of Mr. Edward
Hart, who had formed, in the course of many years, a
remarkable collection of birds, chiefly from the valleys of
the Stour and Avon. Mr. Hart conducted the visitors
through his museum, describing to them the habits and
abodes of the birds and commenting upon the more notable
specimens, the great majority of which had been not only shot
by the collector, but also stuffed and mounted by him. In
reply to a question, Mr. Hart said that the greatest treasure
was a unique variety of the bittern, killed at Winkton on the
Avon. Another variety was a little egret, which was very
seldom found in Britain. It should be added that the
collection was not limited to ornithological specimens, as it
included many wild mammals from the same district.
The President then thanked Mr. Hart for his kindness in
acting as their guide.
After luncheon at the riverside restaurant, Mr. Richardson
expressed the sorrow of the Club on hearing of the death of
the Rev. Osmond Fisher, the oldest of their honorary members,
who had reached the age of ninety-six years. It was
was regrettable that Mr. Fisher had not lived to see the
completion of the work at the Dewlish trench, in which he
had taken so keen an interest.
CHRISTCHURCH, HANTS. XXX111.
THE PRIORY CHURCH
was visited under the guidance of Canon Cooke-Yarborough,
the Vicar, who addressed the members when they were seated
in the nave.
Canon YARBOROUGH assured the club of the great pleasure which
it gave him to welcome them, not only because it was ever a delight
to him personally to show people over their noble Priory Church,,
but also because that day he had the privilege of addressing a body
which included many who made a real study of architecture and
history, and were competent to form an opinion upon the many points
of interest. The origin of the church was lost in obscurity. From
the chartulary preserved in the British Museum it appeared that the
Norman portion of the present church might be dated from 1093 96,
and that an earlier church, which was then pulled down, was of fair
size and surrounded by nine small oratories (as was the case in the
Saxon Church at Winchester), and round about the adjacent chapels
lived, with their wives and families, the secular canons who served
the altars. This arrangement continued as late as 1150, until it became
the custom for the clergy to be celibate. The man who pulled down
the Saxon church and began the building of the Norman church was
one of the greatest church builders of the century Ralph Flambard,
chancellor to William Rufus, who in 1093 gave him the estates
connected with Christchurch. In 1100 Flambard was banished by
Henry I. ; but the impress of his genius continued on the work at
Christchurch for some time afterwards. The entire plan of the
Norman church was due to him, and was steadily carried out through
the whole of the succeeding century. In 1199 the high altar was
consecrated by the Bishop of Ross, this marking the completion of
the church. There was probably a low central tower, and a chancel
which had gone. In 1214 the people's altar was consecrated in the
nave, which was used as a church by the people of Christchurch.
Behind the people's altar was the rood-screen or pulpitum, and the
building east of that was reserved for the monks' church. When he
became vicar, said Canon Yarborough, it was suggested to him that
he should remove the fine screen, so as to afford an uninterrupted view
of the whole length of the church ; but he declined to incur such a
responsibility, and so to-day Christchurch Priory preserved the
original arrangement of a big church in the middle ages.
The Vicar then led the way round the building, pointing
out, in turn, the apsidal chapels in the transepts, the crypt
with its vaulted roof, the monk's walk in the clerestory,
\X\iv. CHRISTCHURCH, HANTS.
St. Michael's loft (long used as a schoolroom), the choir and
lady-chapel, and the two chantries. During a walk round
the exterior of the church, its great length and the diversity
of the Norman work were more fully apparent. The ruined
walls of the keep of the Norman castle were next inspected,
as was also the Constable's house, a notable survival of
domestic architecture of the same period. At the conclusion
of the visit, the President thanked Canon Yarborough for
having placed at the service of the Field Club his great store
of knowledge concerning the church and its surroundings.
After a short business meeting the members dispersed to
their homes.
The intended meetings at Edington (Wilts) and Lyme
Regis, in August and September respectively, were abandoned
in consequence of the outbreak of war on the 4th August.
FIRST WINTER MEETING. XXXV.
WINTER SESSION, 1914-15.
Notwithstanding the pre-occupations caused by the war,
there was a good attendance of the members of the Field
Club at the first indoor meeting on Tuesday, the 8th December,
at the Dorset County Museum. Mr. Nelson M. Richardson
took the chair at 12.30,being supported by five Vice-Presidents,
namely, the Lord Eustace Cecil (a past president), the Rev.
Herbert Pentin, Canon Mansel-Pleydell, Captain Elwes, and
Mr. Alfred Pope.
The first business was a ballot for six candidates, all of
whom were duly elected as members. Nominations of two
additional candidates were announced.
The PRESIDENT suggested that the hour of meeting at
the Museum should be changed from 12.30 to 12.45, as the
latter time would fit in more conveniently with the railway
services. Among those who would benefit by the alteration
was their Honorary Secretary, whose work they would desire
to make as easy as possible. The proposal was adopted.
Mr. E. A. FRY reported that he had attended on behalf
of the Club the congress of Archaeological Societies in union
with the Society of Antiquaries of London, on the 26th June
last. A printed report of the congress had been circulated
with the notice convening the present meeting.
The PRESIDENT then read the following report from the
" Restored Churches " sectional committee :
The committee have to report that a meeting was held on July 29th
at Sherborne, at which five of the seven members were present. They
unanimously decided that an effort to compile a record of important
features lost in the alteration or restoration of our churches was
eminently desirable, and quite feasible if systematic methods were
adopted to procure the facts, and due time allowed. Among the
sources of information that were mentioned as available were the
Record Books which Bishop Wordsworth had instructed rural deans
to keep, the register of faculties issued, and the files of newspapars in
Dorchester Museum and elsewhere. In all such cases the kind co-
operation of rural deans, diocesan officials, architects, and others
\\.\vi. FIRST WINTER MEETING.
would have to be solicited, while every effort would be made to cause
<is little trouble and inconvenience as possible by the inquiry. The
committee are of opinion that voluntary and efficient assistance
could be obtained from members of the club and others, so that the
area of the county could be divided with advantage into districts,
and other spheres of inquiry marked out, and each department
assigned to some representative of the committee, who would collect
information with a careful exercise of tact and diligence and place it
in the hands of a central receiver. Your committee therefore venture
to ask the Field Club to give its sanction for the work to be begun
without delay and to empower them to add to their number within
a limit, say, of 15. Signed, on behalf of committee, C. H. MAYO and
A. C. ALMACK.
Mr. ALFRED POPE, in moving the adoption of the report, observed
that an archaeological society could do no more interesting work
than to try to retain for future generations old features of churches
which had been or were to be restored. The report was adopted. The
number of the committee is to be increased to 15.
Mr. RICHARDSON mentioned the editorship of the rainfall
returns, which had been vacated by Mr. Stevenson Henshaw
in consequence of his departure from the county. A
successor had been found in the Rev. H. H. Tilney Bassett,
of Whitchurch, Blandford, who had kindly consented to
undertake the office. A vote of thanks to Mr. Henshaw r ,
coupled with good wishes for his future career at Welling-
borough, was passed by the members.
EXHIBITS.
By the President : (1) A collection of Egyptian and Greek
gold ornaments, and Egyptian glass and other beads. A
gold finger ring was in the form of a snake, the head and
the tail being on each side of the bezel, \vhich was set with a
carbuncle. This ring had been assigned by Professor Petrie
to the late Ptolemaic period in Egypt, between B.C. 200 and
B.C. 50. Two pairs of ear rings were of twisted gold wire,
ending in bull's heads. One expert believed them to be
Greek, of the 4th century B.C., while another authority
classified them as late Ptolemaic. The piece of gold bracelet
had been thought to be Greek, or, alternatively, Roman.
FIRST WINTER MEETING. XXX vii.
Five necklaces of glass and pottery beads were of unusual
forms, with beautiful colouring. (2) A grant by letters
patent, dated 1542, of lands formerly owned by the suppressed
monastery of St. Saviour in Bermondsey. The initial letter
of the King's name and the four heraldic devices at the head
of the document were admirable examples of the pen and ink
work of that period. The embellishment of parchment deeds
with the portrait of the reigning monarch was not known
before the 16th century ; and after the Restoration an
engraved plate superseded the art of the penman. In this
case, Henry VIII. was depicted as a seated figure, holding
the orb and sceptre. (3) An 8vo. edition, printed at Antwerp
in 1562, of Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus, by Olaus
Magnus, Archbishop of Upsala. The volume contained many
quaint wood cuts, and was more rarely met with than the
folio edition of the same work issued in 1555.
By Dr. H. Colley March : (1) An absolution cross from
Grey Friars' monastery, London, 1349. (2) A sepulchral
crucifix found in the graveyard of Mont St. Michel, in
Bretagne. (3) An ancient silver suspensory crucifix, also
from Bretagne. (4) A reduced facsimile of the Rune stone
of Busdorf, in Schleswig, 985-1014.
By Mr. Alfred Pope : A holy-water stoup, a portion of a
gable cross, and various pieces of worked stone with good
mouldings, all of which had been found at Grimstone. They
are now reproduced on the accompanying plate, and the
following notes by Mr. Pope explain their probable history.
Taking these stones in the order marked on the
plate, I wish to draw attention to that numbered 1.
This stone is of very ancient date, and may possibly
have been the holy- water stoup, built into the wall
near the door of a previously existing Free Chapel
at Grimstone, into which receptacle each individual
dipped his finger and crossed himself when passing
the threshold of the sacred edifice. In some cases
moveable vessels of metal or basins of stone (see No. 2,
XXXViii. FIRST WINTER MEETING.
which is the bottom part of such a basin) were
provided for the purpose, resting on a canopied niche
' the position above indicated. The stone stqup
is not found of an earlier date than the 12th century.
A good example of a stone stoup may be seen on the
right hand side of the entrance inside the tower of
Cerne Abbas church, placed in an arched niche in
the wall ; and there is an interesting one, although of
a somewhat different type, inside the southern
entrance of the church of Fordington St. George.
There are also good examples in Oakham church,
Rutlandshire, Pylle church, Somerset, and in Romsey
Abbey, Hants.
Stone No. 3 appears to be the remains of a Latin
gable cross with the top member broken off, doubtless
for the purpose of giving the stone a flat surface for
the mason, when used as a building stone. The
chamfering on this item would give it a very early
date, but it is difficult to assign a precise period to the
work.
Stone No. 4 is the lower part of a draped figure.
It might originally have represented a saint or a
priest. The covered feet may be indicative of a
female figure.
These stones, together with the handsome Early
English mouldings, were all discovered at Grimstone,
some including the statue, No. 4 built into the
south wall of an old stone-built residence on the west
side of the ville, demolished in 1904 ; and some
including the stoup, No. 1 were found when an old
barn in the village was pulled down, in order to
make way for a building of a more modern type.
In support of my suggestion that Grimstone formerly
possessed her chapel, and that these stones are
ecclesiastical and originally formed part of an ancient
Free Chapel in that tithing, I would mention that
Saxton in 1575 and Speed in 1610, in their very
FIRST WINTER MEETING. XXxix.
interesting maps of Dorset of those dates, show
Grimstone with a chapel and Stratton with a church
with a tower.
I think therefore it may be fairly inferred (not-
withstanding the absence of any references to an
ecclesiastical building at Grimstone in the returns
of Church property in 1552 and 1650) (1) That there
was formerly a Free Chapel at Grimstone ; (2) That
it was pulled down or allowed to go into decay in or
about the year 1547, when the chancel of the church
at Stratton was removed ; (3) That many of the
stones from the old chapel were used in the building
of the house demolished in 1904, and the barn above
referred to. It will be noticed that the stoup and
the cross (Nos. 1 and 3) are of local stone, probably
Ridgway, the statue and the mouldings being of Ham
Hill, with the mediaeval colouring still on them ;
the remains of the small basin are of Petworth or
Purbeck stone.
PAPERS.
Captain Acland described the position of the ancient
walls of Dorchester, as disclosed by excavations made for
drainage purposes in 1911 and 1912.
Canon Fletcher read a biography of William Stone, a
Wimborne divine of the 17th century.
Mr. E. A. Rawlence described the games and amusements
of the villagers in the Blackmore Vale.
The Rev. H. S. Solly dealt with the earliest traces of man
in Dorset.
The four papers will be found in the later pages of this
volume.
x | SECOND WINTER MEETING.
SECOND WINTER MEETING.
Tuesday, IQth February, 1915.
In accordance with the resolution passed on the 8th
December last, the meeting assembled at the Museum at
12.45. Mr. Nelson Richardson presided, and among those
who attended were the Hon. Secretary, the Hon. Editor,
Mr. Alfred Pope, and Canon Fletcher.
Two candidates for membership were elected by ballot,
and one nomination for a future election was announced.
The Rev. Herbert Pentin presented the report of the
Committee on Ancient Earthworks and Fortified Enclosures,
as read at the congress of Archajological Societies on 26th
June, 1914. Copies of the report had been disbributed to
the members of the Field Club. Mr. Pentin remarked that
no places in Dorset were mentioned under the heading
" Destruction," which was very satisfactory, and the
President added that the Club was grateful to Sir Edward
Hulse for taking steps to prevent the digging of chalk from
the vallum of Bokerly Dyke.
Mr. Pentin then alluded to the receipt of a report made
to the two Archbishops by the Ancient Monuments (Churches)
Committee of the Ecclesiastical Commission. They desired
to know what action the Field Club and other similar bodies
were taking for the protection of the fabric of churches and
their objects of interest, and to emphasise the necessity of
obtaining a faculty before making any change.
A letter was read from Lieutenant G. O'Hanlon, 6th
ice) battalion Dorset regiment, informing the Hon.
1 ;u y that a mass of ancient pottery had been found when
a trench was dug at Worgret camp, near Wareham. The
sherds were lying on the river gravel, three feet below the
Mirface, and it was thought that they indicated the site of
SECOND WINTER MEETING. xll.
Romano-British pottery works. The hope was expressed
that an investigation might be possible after the troops had
vacated the camp.
The President gave notice that a resolution would be moved
at the next annual meeting to add to Rule 8 a proviso that the
original members of the Club, ten in number, should not be
liable for further subscriptions after the current year, while
retaining the privileges of ordinary members.
Captain Acland said that a number of old papers relative to
the silk industry which had been established in Sherborne
for more than 150 years were kindly offered to the Museum
by Mr. Whitty Chandler and Messrs. J. and R. Willmott.
It was possible that some of the papers contained facts which
were of antiquarian interest, and therefore Captain Acland
suggested that the Editor of the Proceedings should be asked
to examine them with a view to obtaining materials for an
article on the early history of the silk throwsters of Sherborne.
Mr. Symonds thought that they were much indebted to the
donors for having thus afforded them an opportunity of
looking through the documents, and he undertook to carry
out the wish of the meeting.
The President then referred to the question of the
customary summer meetings, and expressed the opinion of
the executive that it would not be fitting to hold them during
war time. It was unanimously resolved to leave the decision
in the hands of the Club's executive.
Captain Acland, as treasurer of the Dewlish excavation
fund, having mentioned that there was a deficit with regard
to the work done in 1914, the sum of two guineas was voted
in aid.
EXHIBITS.
By the President, on behalf of Mr. Ronald D'O. Good :
two pressed specimens of the snake-tongue ranunculus
(ranunculus ophioglossifolius) which had been found by Mr.
Good in a marshy meadow within a few miles of Dorchester.
x |jj BBOOND WINTER MEETING.
.pecies WM fwy -arc. being almost extinct in Britain
tad it had not previously been identified in the county. A
short note on the subject can be seen in the Botanical Journal
1014, p. 277.
By Mr. H-nry Symonds : (1) a parchment roll dated
1663 giving the names of the tenants of the manor of
Wellington, Somerset. (2) a Bible of 1680, Latin text,
with entries as to the family of Crosse, one of whom had been
inoculated by Dr. Smith, of Wrington, in 1776, about twenty-
five years before Jenner practised vaccination. (3) the
Bishop of Salisbury's survey of the manor of Loders and
Bothenhampton in 1785. (4) a deed of " recovery " dated
1739, with the seal of the Court of Common Pleas attached.
(5) Two Bridport sermons, printed in 1672 and 1769
respectively.
By Canon Fletcher : the M.S. of Richard Russell's history
of \Vimborne, in two volumes. This manuscript was of
especial interest, as its contents were incorporated bodily in
the Wimborne section of Hutchins' History of Dorset. Richard
Russell, who died in 1772, signed the preface, wherein
he acknowledged his indebtedness to his father, Nicholas,
and to others. Nicholas, who died in 1763, had
opportunities for first-hand investigation, seeing that he was
custodian of the town's documentary records, in which
office he had succeeded his father, Robert Russell.
By Captain Ac land : A " puzzle " cup of brown glazed w r are
which originally had six handles, but now four only. Such
cups were known to have been made in west country potteries
during the 17th and 18th centuries, but this example was
thought to be of Staffordshire ware.
By Mr. E. A. Rawlence : (1) Speed's map of Ireland, 1610,
printed on satin. (2) a 16th century plan, on vellum, of
Queen Elizabeth's route from Greenwich to Tilbury, showing
the Thames defences against the Armada.
By the Rev. C. A. Phillips : One of two stone corbels, in
the form of an angel's head, recently dug up in the church-
yard of Okeford Fitzpaine.
SECOND WINTER MEETING. xliii.
PAPERS.
The Rev. 0. Pickard-Cambridge had been unable to finish
his paper on British arachnids ; therefore it was taken as
read, as was also the paper by Mr. W. de C. Prideaux on
Dorset memorial brasses.
Mr. W. R. G. Bond had prepared an article on Magic which
was read by the President, the author being then in the
Soudan.
The Hon. Secretary read the introduction to Mr. E. A.
Fry's transcript of the Dorset entries in the Augmentation
books at Lambeth Palace, relating to the appointment and
subsequent history of the clergy during the Commonwealth
period. A portion of the transcript will be printed in the
following pages.
Colonel Mainwaring exhibited a fragment of a meteorite
which fell at Dharmsala, India, on 14th July, 1860, and read
some notes thereon. The occurrence had been already
chronicled in the respective Proceedings of the Royal Society
and the Geological Society.
xliv. THE ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING
ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING.
Tuesday, 4th May, 1915.
This meeting was held at the Dorset County Museuhi,
the President taking the chair at 12.45. Among those present
were the Rev. Herbert Pentin, Canon Mansel-Pleydell, Dr.
Colley March, Captain Elwes, Mr. Henry Symonds, and
Captain Acland.
One candidate for membership was elected by ballot, and
one additional candidate was nominated.
Dr. Colley March then read a digest of the reports prepared
by himself, Mr. Clement Reid, and Mr. Henry Dewey upon
the excavations carried out at Dewlish during the early
summer of 1914. These reports are printed in the second
portion of this volume. The President, when commenting
on the results of the excavation, expressed the regret of the
Field Club on learning that Dr. March would no longer be
able to act as chairman of the Earthworks Sectional Com-
mittee, a position in which his knowledge and experience
had been of great value. Mr. C. S. Prideaux exhibited
plans and sections of the work at Dewlish which had been
drawn by Mr. W. de C. Prideaux, also photographs of the
trench and pot holes.
The Earthworks Committee was re-elected, with the
addition of Miss E. E. Woodhouse and the Rev. W.
Rhydderch. The Corresponding Secretary of this committee
said he hoped that a greater number of the members of the
Club would take an active part in the task of preparing the
survey, so that it might be finished within a reasonable period
of time. The President congratulated Mr. Prideaux and
his brother upon their energetic work in this connection,
and more particularly with regard to their efforts at Dewlish.
The next business was the reading of the President's
anniversary address, the eleventh of the series which Mr.
Richardson had delivered from the chair. Printed copies
of the address were afterwards handed to those present, and
the text is also printed at p. lii. of this volume.
THE ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING. xlv.
Captain Elwes, in proposing a vote of thanks, observed
that the Field Club was again deeply indebted to its
President for an admirable address, which formed a lucid
compendium of the principal events of the past year in the
world of natural science and archaeology. Colonel
Mainwaring seconded the resolution, which was supported
by the Rev. A. C. Almack and carried amidst applause.
The Honorary Secretary then read his annual report to
the members :
There is less than usual to report this year, as, owing to the War,
we were able to hold only two Summer Meetings in 1914. The third
Meeting was arranged, and the programme was in the printer's hands ;
but the Railway Companies not only withdrew their cheap tickets,
but also informed us that they could not guarantee the departure and
arrival of trains owing to the transport of troops. The Executive
decided that the two remaining Summer Meetings should not be held,
but that the Meetings of the Club should be resumed in the winter.
The attendance at these meetings, however, has been unusually small.
The War is, doubtless, responsible for this, as also for the fall in our
membership. For the first time for some years we have several
vacancies about 10 instead of a long waiting list for election. The
balance in hand on the Secretary's Accounts for the Summer Meetings
has decreased slightly ; but there is still a balance in hand of 5 6s.
The accounts are on the table, together with the vouchers pertaining
thereto.
Mr. Pentin's account for 1914 will be found on p. li.
The Honorary Treasurer presented his statement of the
general finances to 31st December last. This was of a most
satisfactory character, and showed an increased balance in
favour of the Club. The audited account is set out on p. 1.
Canon Mansel-Pleydell intimated that his departure from the
the county would necessitate his resignation of the office of
treasurer.
The Hon. Editor read a list of the papers which would be
included in the volume for 1915. The Club would miss the
customary paper on new and rare British Arachnids by
the Rev. 0. Pickard-Cambridge, as the author had written
to express his regret that he was unable to finish the
manuscript. It would, however, be printed in the succeeding
xlvi. THE ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING.
volume. Mr. Alfred Pope had kindly given a block to
illustrate his notes on ecclesiastical stone-work at Grimstone.
The Directors of the Photographic Survey, Colonel and Mrs.
W. D. Dickson, reported that the condition of affairs which
had existed since August last prevented them from making
anv progress.
Captain Acland, as curator of the Dorset County Museum,
then read the following notes on acquisitions made by that
institution between May 1914 and May 1915.
The first entry in our Acquisition Book for the period now under
consideration is that of the fine photograph of Maiden Castle,
presented by the Field Club at the last annual Meeting. It is a matter
of great satisfaction to me that my first remarks to-day should be to
thank you heartily for your most kind gift, and also for the cordial
expressions associated with it, as recorded in Volume xxxv. of the
Proceedings. I trust that the friendly relationship now existing between
these two Dorset Societies may long continue to their mutual advantage,
and be the means of promoting the objects for which they both exist.
About 5 years ago a curious discovery was made in Stinsford Church-
yard, close to the church porch. At some depth below the surface
of the ground an urn was found containing a small human skull. The
skull was re-buried, but the urn (which was badly fractured) was
partially restored by Mrs. Balfour. It measures 1ft. lin. high, and
about 1ft. Sin. at the widest part. Portions of the urn were sent to
the Victoria and Albert Museum, S. Kensington, for identification,
the opinion being that it was of English manufacture, about the 14th
century. It has been presented to the Museum by Major Balfour,
and is an unusual instance of what may be called " Sepulchral Pottery."
Notwithstanding the prolific nature of the soil of Dorset for producing
flint implements of nearly every description, we are almost entirely
without any specimens of so called " pigmies." Dr. Colley March
has deposited a few in the Museum from India, Yorkshire, and other
places, but only one found in Dorset, and he says they are practically
unknown here at the present time. Lady Wynford has, however,
discovered and sent to us a number of small flakes which appear to
have been struck off in the manufacture of " pigmies," although they
cannot be classed as finished implements.
An interesting field of research is thus open to members of the Field
Club, and I hope before another year has passed I may be able to
record the acquisition of some true pigmy implements. They take
i-ithrr n pointed or triangular form, or are crescent shaped, and vary
from about inch to 1 inch in length. No definite opinion has been
THE ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING. xlvii.
accepted as to their use ; but they are considered to belong to the
Neolithic or Early Bronze period. They should be looked for in
sandy or gravelly soil.
The next acquisition to which I may refer is of a very different
character, viz : a fine example of the well-known fossil trees from the
Purbeck " dirt-beds " of Portland. It is not only a complete stem, or
trunk with a root, but has a bifurcation at the top, with a portion of
the two branches, and it is this feature that adds so greatly to its value.
The total height, as now fixed in the Museum, is 19ft. Gin. It was found
about 1820-25 in Mr. White's quarries on Portland, was removed in
sections, and reconstructed against the side of his house, exactly as
it lay w r hen first uncovered. It remained there a familiar object to
passers-by until March of this year, when the property changed hands
and the house was taken down. The tree is given to the Museum by
Mr. White's grand-daughter, Mrs. King Warry, who is anxious that it
should be preserved in her own county in memory of those of her
family who (in the past) attached great value to it. I need hardly
add that it finds here a fitting and honoured resting place.
Our collection of coins has been added to by a small Roman piece
of Julian, A.D., 363, found in Dorchester ; a denarius of Constantino
II, A.D., 340, given by Mr. Dunn, of Crewkerne, and Dorset
XVII century trade tokens, given by Mr. Henry Symonds and others.
Passing now to acquisitions of more recent date, I must mention
the " puzzle mug " which was exhibited at the Field Club meeting on
16th February last. This mug stands Tin. high, and is 7fin. wide at
the upper rim. It is composed of thin brown ware, glazed and mottled,
and is probably a specimen of peasant pottery, commonly made
in the XVIII century and down to a comparatively recent date at
several places in the south-west of England. It had originally 6
handles, of which 4 remain, and the short upright spout is still intact.
The latter projects 1 in. above the rim and communicates with the
bottom of the mug, from which the liquor could be sucked. There
appears to have been a second spout on the opposite side which did
not communicate with the interior of the vessel. It is therefore very
probable that this is a " puzzle mug " intended to cause amusement
when used by a novice. The museum acquired the mug through the
kindness of Mr. O. G. Dunn, of Crewkerne, and the late owner states
that it was for many years in a farmhouse near Farnham, Dorset.
A constable's staff marked " G.R." (Georgius Rex), " Funtmell
Magna," has been given by Mr. Dunn ; and a Watchman's or
Coastguard's rattle by Miss Gould, of Broadwey. Mr. Oglander Lees
has presented the sword of the late Sir H. Oglander, Bart., of Nunwell,
Isle of Wight, and Parnham, Dorset, which he used when in the
Dorset Yeomanry circa 1835.
xh-iii. THE ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING.
Both the Field Club and the Museum mourn this year the loss of
the eminent veteran geologist, the Rev. Osmund Fisher. His name
appears on the first Museum Council, in 1846. His connection with it,
nearly 70 years, therefore is of quite exceptional duration ; and he
retained a keen interest in the County up to the very last. By h
own bequest we now possess the two medals granted to him by the
Geological Society, viz., the bronze Murchison Medal in 1893, and the
gold Wollaston Medal in 1913, this, I believe, being the highest honour
awarded for geological work. They are placed in the Museum with
his very interesting model of the locality, shewing the Ridgway Fault,
which he was enabled to study when the railway to Weymouth was
made.*
Colonel Sir R. Williams, Bart,, has presented us with an excellent
contour relief model of the greater part of Dorset, which is a valuable
acquisition illustrative of the physical features of the County
The Numismatic Sectional Committee were- not able to
report any finds during the year 1914.
The Restored Churches Sectional Committee reported,
through the Rev. A. C. Almack, that they had framed a
series of questions dealing with the subject, and that copies
would be placed in the hands of the collectors of information,
one for each deanery in the county.
The President announced that the Cecil silver medal and
prize of 10 had been awarded to Mr. Ronald D'Oyly Good,
of High West-street, Dorchester, for his essay on Radium.
The trustees whose duty it was to make the award had
fortified their opinion of the merits of the essay by submitting
it to an expert, who had confirmed their judgment in all
respects. Owing to the unavoidable absence of Lord Eustace
Cecil, the medal and prize were presented to Mr. Good by
Canon Mansel-Pleydell, who congratulated the successful
competitor on the result of his work.
On the motion of Captain Acland, which was seconded by
Mr. Barrow, Mr. Richardson was re-elected as President
for the ensuing year.
Mr. Barrow proposed the re-election of the Rev. H. Pentin
as Honorary Secretary Mr. C. S. Prideaux seconded the
* See Proceedings Field Club, Vol. X., pp. 55 and 69.
THE ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING. xlix.
resolution, which was carried with the addition of a cordial
vote of thanks.
The President then said that it was needful to elect a
new treasurer in consequence of Canon Mansel-Pleydell's
approaching departure, and expressed the regret of all at
losing the services and counsel of the retiring treasurer, who
had filled the office so admirably and with such advantage
to the Club. Mr. George Floyer added that the Bishop of
Salisbury had remarked that Canon Mansel-Pleydell and
Dorset could not long be separated, for he was Durotrigibus
ipsis Durolrigior.
The retiring treasurer, after a few words of farewell, pro-
posed Captain Acland as his successor, and the resolution
was adopted by the meeting.
Mr. Henry Symonds was re-elected as honorary editor of
the Proceedings.
The Sectional Committees were respectively re-elected.
The names of the members will be found on p. xi.
The President nominated, for the ensuing year, the retiring
Vice -Presidents, with the addition of Captain Acland.
Mr. Alfred Pope was chosen to represent the Club at the
meetings of the Corresponding societies in connection with
the meeting of the British Association at Manchester.
Mr. E. A. Fry and Mr. Nigel Bond were chosen to fill a
similar office at the Congress of Archaeological Societies in
union with the Society of Antiquaries of London.
In accordance with notice previously given, a modification
of Rule 8, whereby the remaining original members would
not be liable for further subscriptions after the current year,
was moved from the chair. A discussion followed, in the
course of which Canon Mansel-Pleydell and Captain
Acland mentioned certain objections under the existing
circumstances, and it was decided to defer the proposal.
Finally, the President announced that the executive of
the Club had resolved, in exercise of the discretionary powers
given to them at the meeting in February, to suspend all the
out-door meetings usually held during the summer months.
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By NELSON MOORE RICHARDSON, Esq., B.A.
(Read May 1th, 1915.)
N addressing you at the end of my eleventh year
as your President, I do so under very special
circumstances, which have not occurred before,
and will not I hope do so again during our
lives, for the War which has affected everything
more or less has also cast a shadow over our
Field Club and made us feel that much of the
lighter part of our work could not be carried on
when everyone is deploring the loss of relatives and friends
amongst our brave soldiers and sailors. When we consider
this it seems comparatively a small thing to chronicle our
own losses as a Club, though some have gone from us whom
we could ill spare. We have lost one of our few remaining
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. liii.
original members, Rev. George Thompson, who was, to
within a very few years, a constant attendant at our meetings,
both winter and summer, and by his genial amiability and
politeness always helped to make them pass off pleasantly.
We must all feel greatly indebted to those who joined at
the first, 40 years ago, in founding this Club ; and a scheme
has been devised and will be submitted to you for placing
them in a position apart from all other members, and thereby
recognising, if only in a small degree, the obligation we owe
to them and to those other founders of the Club whom we
have lost.
Rev. James Penny, though not an original member, joined
the Club in 1878, three years after its inauguration, and
was greatly interested in the natural history side of it,
especially in Geology. He had accumulated a large collection
of fossils and miscellaneous objects of interest which the Club
inspected, also partaking of his hospitality, in July, 1909.
The next oldest member of the Club is Rev. Canon Eldon
Bankes, whose membership dates from 1887, and whom the
older members amongst us will remember at our meetings in
Purbeck, where he was then living as Rector of Corfe Castle.
The last meeting that he attended was the one held at
Salisbury in August, 1910. Rev. W. Percy Schuster joined
in 1889 and was often amongst us. He will be missed by a
large circle of those whom he has benefited. Mr. Merrick
Head joined the Club in the same year, and his hospitality
will be remembered on the occasion of our visits to Portland
in July, 1890, and July, 1902. He was fond of Archeology
and had a good collection of books, &c., relating to William
Penn. Rev. Prebendary Linklater, D.D., who became a
member in 1894, lived much away from Dorset and rarely
attended our meetings. Mr. Joseph Whitby, who joined
in the next year, was frequently with us, and entertained the
Club on the occasion of its meeting at Yeovil in September,
1908. I should like also to mention with regret the loss
of Dr. F. D. Lys, a former member of the Club. Of
Honorary Members we have to lament the loss of three
li v PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
distinguished men. Though I had the privilege of the
personal acquaintance of all, Mr. Richard Lydekker, F.R.S.,
whose name has been so well known for many years as one
of our greatest naturalists and geologists, was much the most
intimate friend. His first visit to me was when he described,
under the name of Cimoliosaurus Richardsoni, the large
Saurian fossil from Chickerell, which Mrs. Richardson and I
had then lately rescued and put together, now nearly 30
years ago. He was very versatile in his knowledge and
energetic in applying it. He wrote many learned scientific
monographs and other books, chiefly on Natural History and
Palaeontology ; and to him we owe much of the present
beautiful arrangements, chiefly of animals, in the British
Museum of Natural History, where he worked for many
years. His earlier geological work was done in connection
with the Indian Geological Survey, where he first made his
name. He has once or twice been present at our meetings,
and I remember that on one occasion when the question of
the identity of a certain tooth was being (I fear ignorantly)
discussed by some of our members, he came up and said
with decision that it was a pig's tooth. A bold person
asking how he knew it, he gave the characteristic answer,
" Why, what else could it possibly be ?" He has contributed
to our Proceedings, and has often helped both myself and the
Museum in the determination of specimens and in other ways.
I could say much more, but must proceed. Rev. Osmond
Fisher, elected in 1888, was one of the oldest living geologists,
and even at his great age took a most keen interest in his pet
science. It was almost entirely owing to his enthusiasm that
the Dewlish Elephant Trench was excavated last year, and it
seemed very sad that he should not have lived to hear the
result, though it failed to confirm a favourite theory of his
that it was an artificial work of prehistoric man made as a
trap to catch Elephas meridionalis. Our early volumes
contain contributions from his pen. Last, but not least,
we have to lament the death of Mr. A. J. Jukes-Browne,
F.R.S., who was elected an Honorary Member of our Club
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Iv.
in 1900. Though greatly handicapped by infirm health ,
he accomplished an immense amount of valuable work in
connection with the Geological Survey and otherwise, and
was the author of several books and many papers on Geology.
In connection with our Club he wrote more than one paper,
which are printed in our Proceedings, on the Physical
Geology of this county and the successive stages through
which the land had passed before arriving at its present
condition, one of his favourite subjects. I have to thank
him for help in various ways and Geological information,
and the Dorset Museum is also indebted to him.
ZOOLOGY.
The war at this time takes the first place in our thoughts
and actions, and I fittingly begin this part of my address
by a reference to the immense benefit conferred on our and
other troops at the front by the inoculation against typhoid,
which has been shewn by many experiences to be of the
utmost value as a protective agent. One of the most striking
instances is that of the American Army of 90,000 men, in
which it was made compulsory in 1911, with the consequence
that in 1913 there were only 3 cases of typhoid, all of which
recovered. It is to be hoped that it will before long be made
compulsory in our Army. A scientific report on the Michael
Sars expedition of 1910 is beginning to be published, and
will add much to our knowledge of the inhabitants of the
deep sea.
A valuable synopsis of the species of British fleas, a group
which has previously been very little studied, has lately
been published by Hon. N. C. Rothschild, and a very curious
sexual phenomenon has been detected in the gall fly,
Neuroterus lenticularis , which, as well as other Cynipid gall
flies, has two generations in the year, one of parthenogenetic
females, and the other of males and sexual females. Mr.
Doncaster's experiments indicate that the grandchildren of
Ivi PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
any one sexual female are either all males or all females,
but not both. Further investigations have lately been made
with regard to the age of fish (in this case, herrings) being
indicated by the number of rings on their scales ; but it seems
doubtful whether this mode can be relied on. To come to
birds, it would seem that kites, which have been for many
years very scarce in this country, are increasing in numbers
in Wales, and have bred in Devonshire. They have also
been recorded in Somerset, Derbyshire, and Buckinghamshire.
Kites are said to have been formerly abundant in the streets
of London, where they acted as scavengers ; but as they are
partial to chickens, protection will only be extended to
them while they remain rare. Five species of birds new to
Scotland have been observed, namely, the Lesser Grey
Shrike, the Melodious Warbler, the Indian Stonechat, the
Gull-billed Tern and the Scandinavian sub-species of the
Lesser Black-backed Gull. All these have, however, been
recorded from England ; but the Dusky Willow-Warbler
(Phylloscopus fuscatus), met with at Auskerry on October 1st,
1913. is an Asiatic species not hitherto recorded from any
part of Europe. A pair of Riippell's Warbler (Sylvia
rueppelli), a rare East European species, were recorded for
the first time as British at Baldslow, Hastings. A rare
British bird, the blue breast (Sylvia suecica), was seen in my
garden on May 2nd, 1914, by my niece, Miss Dorothy
Rogers, who watched it for some little time and gave an
accurate description. The throat was entirely blue ; but
in this respect different specimens vary. It has once before
occurred in Dorset. The growing scarcity of the landrail
in this county has been noticed for many years by myself
and others, and, from information collected by circulars, it
rarely now breeds in the South and East of England. In
other parts South of the Pennine Range there has been a
decrease in numbers ; but in the Pennines and the district
West of them, landrails are still abundant. Formerly one
could always hear the harsh note of this bird, more familiar
to me as the Corncrake, but now never. I have been looking
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ivii.
at a list of useful and injurious birds, drawn up after very
extensive examination of the contents of their stomachs ;
and as it classes the missel thrush and starling as injurious
on account of their abundance, whilst the song thrush is
beneficial, I suppose that it is the case, as the writer suggests,
that when a species of bird becomes too plentiful it changes
its food habits. At the same time, starlings have been with
us for years in immense numbers, and I do not think that
they could be in any way ca]]ed injurious, but the opposite,
though they have occasionally eaten a little fruit. The
amount of good they do is very great in destroying leather
coats and other grubs. Missel thrushes with us never eat
fruit, as far as I know, and are not otherwise injurious. The
same writer states (Nature, February 18th, 1915, p. 673)
that all birds except doves and pigeons feed their young on
an animal, chiefly insect, diet, except, perhaps, the blackcap.
The Missel thrushes, however, observed by Mrs. Richardson
(Proc. D.F.C., XXIII., 67) fed their young largely on elm seeds
and ivy berries, as well as worms. The published accounts of
the courtship and nesting and other habits of the Adelie
Penguin in Antarctic regions are most interesting and
entertaining, but too long to refer to here. It is well known
that migrating birds are much attracted by lighthouses,
and often die from exhaustion when fluttering at the light.
To obviate this, perches have been placed near the lights in
four lighthouses, and are crowded with birds at night during
the migrating seasons. An attempt has been made to obtain
information at the Natural History Museum as to all whales,
porpoises, and dolphins stranded on our coasts, with such
particulars as could be obtained. The results are issued
in a Report, the total number recorded in 1913 being 76.
My last zoological note is of a " wolf child," a girl about
nine years old, who has apparently lived for years in the
jungle and was recently captured near Naini Tal. The
addresses of the Presidents of the British Association and
of the Zoological and Physiological sections were on Heredity,
Evolution, and Research in Medicine respectively, and may
Iviii. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
be studied with advantage by those who are interested in
those subjects.
BOTANY AND AGRICULTURE.
Experiments on the partial sterilizing of soils continue,
and shew the probability that the destruction of protozoa
present in the soil which feed on the useful bacteria permits
the growth of the latter, with good effects to the crop. In
any case the partial sterilization produces excellent results,
whether the means employed is heat, steam, or some
antiseptic. It is found that paraffin is attacked by Bacterium
prodigiosus and soil organisms to a serious extent if exposed
to them. In regard to the fertility of the soil, it would
seem that in Canada, and probably in many countries where
new and fertile tracts are brought under cultivation, the
same crop is often grown every year, and little care is exercised
to prevent the first fertility from becoming greatly
diminished. In Canada also the wood supply is in danger,
and in our own country the scarcity and cost of wood has
increased in the last 10 years, though immense quantities
are imported to the value of more than 28,000,000 for
unworked timber only. Much might doubtless be done
in regard to some sorts of timber by extensive planting, as
has been practically shewn on the Clyde, where 2,000 acres
planted 34 years ago on steep and rocky hillsides, on poor
soil covered with heather, have produced a net profit of
69 per acre after allowing for loss of grazing and all other
expenses during that period. In the U.S.A. Forestry is
well looked after by the Government. In planting a tree
it is said that great advantages accrue from the use of an
explosive instead of a spade in making the hole, as the ground
is fractured and broken up for some distance round and
beneath, which allows the roots to penetrate more easily
\\hon they begin to grow. It is stated that trees planted
by this method begin to bear much sooner. The President
of the Agricultural Section of the British Association in his
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. lix.
address dwelt upon the " bad lands " that had to be used
for cultivation in our colonies and elsewhere, after the better
lands had all been taken up. He gave instances of how these
could be cultivated with profit, and how a labourer or small
farmer often makes for himself a little oasis in the midst
of barren heath or other land, on which he supports himself
and his family. Such instances are common in our midst,
and are probably more the result of personal labour than
any great expense. The war has given an impetus to many
things, and amongst others to drug growing. The supplies
of belladonna, henbane, digitalis, valerian, and chamomile are
all affected, and these and other drug plants are easy to grow,
and would doubtless at present be extremely profitable.
The Board of Agriculture publishes particulars of culture,
&c. An International Congress of Tropical Agriculture
was held last June in London, when a paper was read on the
wheats of Tunis and Algeria and the tropics generally, a
source of supply not usually realised. Rubber and cotton
were also dealt with. Some careful experiments in regard
to the growing of cotton with the plants at different distances
from each other have shewn that the close planting practised
by the Egyptian fellah gives a greater yield than when the
plants are further apart. This seems contrary to our
experience of most plants in English gardens ; but it is
difficult to decide with certainty without making in each case
accurate experiments. A great flowering of the bamboo
(Bambusa polymorpha) took place last year in Burma, which
had not occurred since 1860. At these periodical flowerings
the plants produce seed and all die, consequently the
bamboos in one neighbourhood are all of the same age. The
President of the South African Association for the
advancement of science in his address called attention
to some remarkable cases of mimicry amongst Mesembry-
anthemum and some other plants, in their wonderful
resemblance to the stones amongst which they grow, not
always in colour only, but in roughness of surface and general
appearance. Specimens may be seen growing at Kew.
l x PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
GEOLOGY.
It has been observed that by far the greater number of
the larger earthquakes occur in groups, successive members
being separated from each other by a week or less. A violent
earthquake occurred at Etna on May 8th, 1914, destroying
several villages and causing loss of life. Another on May
26th in America, and one on May 27th at Panama, which
did not, however, damage the canal works, and another on
the same day near Tonga. Another in Asia Minor on
October 3rd, and one in Greece on October 17th. The most
destructive earthquake of which we have any record, though
not the most violent, occurred in Central Italy on January
13th, 1915. In Avezzano, which contained 11,000
inhabitants, the death rate was 90 per cent., whilst in two
neighbouring villages, 94 and 97 per cent, respectively of the
people perished. Before that, the highest known death rate
was 81 per cent., as far back as 1703. Italian observatories
recorded another on January 27th, of which no direct account
has been received, but which would probably be located in
Turkey or Greece. It has been discovered that acetylene
in contact with nickel at different temperatures in the
presence of hydrogen gives rise to products identical with
natural petroleums. These can be made, by varying the
conditions, to resemble the different varieties of petroleum
met with, and would suggest a new and probable theory for
its origin. The oilfields in Trinidad continue to produce
large quantities, and the Canadian ones are promising. I
will not attempt here to deal with the address of the President
of the Geological Section of the British Association, which
has for its subject the various theories of the structure of
the earth and the formation of the foldings and other features
of its crust. As he says, " the subject is not over new, and
whole fleets of hypotheses have been launched on this sea
of controversy " anyone who is interested can easily read
the address itself, and will gain much information by doing
so.
PRESIDENTS ADDRESS. Ixi.
Turning to fossils, the fossil fauna of the Crimea has lately
been described, one of the most interesting species being
a giraffe-like ruminant (Achtiaria expectans}. A skeleton
of Gigantosaurus , 150 feet long, or about twice the length
of the Diplodocus in the British Museum, has been found in
German East Africa, and was destined to be set up in the
Berlin Museum. May we not now hope that it may take
a different course and stand near its smaller relative in
London ! Two remarkable new types of Dinosaurs have
also been found in the cretaceous formations of Alberta.
At the British Museum amongst newly-acquired fossil
skeletons are to be seen one of the Egyptian Eocene two-
horned ungulate Arsinoetherium, 11 1 feet long, and a nearly
perfect specimen of Opthalmosaurus, about 13 feet in length,
from the Peterborough Oxford clay, mounted on an iron
frame with the bones approximately in their original positions.
A still more interesting fossil is that of Icthyosaurus acutirostris
from the Upper Lias, Wiirtemburg, in which the soft parts
remain as a bituminous impression in the rock. The
triangular dorsal fin and the vertically extended tail fin are
clearly visible. In the Mammoth cave, in Western
Australia, remains have been found of a huge Echidna,
about double the size of the living Echidna aculeata, and
also larger than any other known extinct form. I have
left to the last the work done by Mr. C. S. Prideaux and
others at the Dewlish Elephant Trench, which was so
successfully and carefully excavated, proving, I believe in
the opinion of all, even the strongest upholders of the theory
of its artificial origin, that it was a natural chasm in the rock.
As we are hoping to receive a full report on the subject of
the probable method of its formation, I forbear to say more
at present about it.
ASTRONOMY.
The probability of the transmission of gravity being iion-
instantaneous has been brought forward, with calculations
] x ii PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
slu-xviiiL' that if the velocity were the same as that of light,
tin- moon's mean motion would be retarded a few seconds
of arc in a century. As a matter of fact there is a slight
acceleration, but that is presumably due to other
undetermined causes. The address of the President of
the sub-section Cosmical Physics at the British Association
is on the subject of the moon's motion, and also deals with
its past history. It was some time ago suspected that a
nebula in Virgo was rotating about a central axis ; this is
now shewn to be the case, the form of the nebula being a
spiral, seen edgewise. The motions of stars can only be
perceived by very accurate observations at considerable
intervals, but there is reason to believe that they have some
connection with the stage in evolution that each star has
reached and the group to which it belongs. This, if confirmed,
opens out a new and large field for inquiry. The difficulties
may be appreciated from the fact that the star with the
greatest proper motion only moves about a quarter of a
degree in a century, and nearly all are far slower. The
most striking comet visible in the past year was Delavan's,
which, though not a very large one, was well seen by the
naked eye for a long period in the neighbourhood of the
Great Bear. The tail was about 2 in length. Encke's
comet was also observed in October. This is a short period
comet, having a period of 3 years, its orbit lying within
that of Saturn. With regard to the variability of the sun's
heat , a connection has been traced between the mean monthly
radiation and the number of sunspots, an increase of the
latter corresponding with an increase of the former. The
various expeditions made to observe the total eclipse of the
sun on August 21st, 1914, were on the whole successful,
though some were greatly interfered with or stopped by the
condition of things in Europe. Two parties, from the
luirh Observatory and from the Royal and Royal
A-inmnmical Societies, in Russia and Sweden respectively,
ol.tiiim'd good photographs of the corona and other details.
The transit of Mercury which took place on November 7th,
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixiii.
1914, was well observed at Greenwich and elsewhere. At
the Lick Observatory in July last a small object was
photographed in the neighbourhood of Jupiter, which appears
to be a new satellite of that planet with a retrograde motion,
and some further mathematical evidence has been produced
in favour of the existence of a planet outside Neptune. I
am not aware, however, that any definite position has been
as yet calculated, as in the case of the discovery of Neptune,
so that it might be carefully searched for with the very strong
telescopes which now exist, to the number of which it is hoped
that the Canadian 6-feet reflector will before long be added,
the casting and grinding of the reflecting disc having been
successful so far as it has progressed. The 100-inch reflector
for the Mt. Wilson observatory is also in course of preparation.
The year seems to have been unusually productive of records
of fine meteors, though nothing perhaps worth special mention,
with the exception of one seen in South Africa on January
9th last, at 1.20 a.m. This meteor is said to have vividly
illuminated the heavens for several seconds, and to have burst
with a loud report after an interval variously estimated at
from 30 seconds to 3 minutes. It may have fallen to earth,
but has not been found. Of those meteorites which reached
the earth by far the most interesting fell on October 13th
at Appley Bridge, near Wigan, at 8.45 p.m. A sudden and
vivid illumination was caused by a ball of fire moving slowly
from S.S.E. to N.N.W. and bursting into flashes several
times on its way. A few seconds afterwards came a
tremendous explosion, followed by rumblings. The
meteorite penetrated 18in. into the ground, weighed 331bs.,
and looked like a piece of burnt iron, being reddish in colour.
On being found by a labourer, it was taken possession of
by the police (a new and useful duty ! ) and handed over to
the Godlee Observatory. The rate of motion was 8 miles
a second and the origin possibly the radiant in Pisces. The
only English meteorite which has exceeded this in weight
was one which fell at Wold Cottage in Yorkshire in 1795.
Meteorites fell on April 6th, 1914, at 4 places in India in the
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
M.,lalur ,li>tnct, one of which weighed 711bs. and penetrated
some feet into the ground, raising a cloud of dust which led
to its disco very.
A vrry fine meteor, with an apparent diameter half that of
tin- moon, was seen in the S. of England, and as far north as
Lincolnshire, as well as in parts of France and Belgium, on
March 28th last. It travelled about 175 miles from the
point where it was first observed, and burst twice or more
during its course. It is not known whether any portion of it
reached the earth.
METEOROLOGY.
The attempt to ascertain the rainfall of past seasons even
for hundreds or thousands of years from the growth of trees
does not sound very promising in regard to accuracy, but
is stated to be reliable to the extent of 82 per cent. The
method is to measure the comparative breadths of the rings
formed by the annual growth, the theory being that a wet
BeaaoD would cause a large ring and vice versd. This has
been done for California by means of the Giant Sequoias,
some of which appear from their rings to be 3,000 years old.
Three long wet periods 1,000 B.C. to 300 A.D., 900 to 1,100
A.D. and 1,300 to 1,400 A.D. are shewn, which are considered
by the author to correspond to the three ancient civilizations
of Mexico, of the dates of which there is little or no evidence,
these regions being now too dry to support a large and
flourishing population. The rainfall for 1914 has been
considerably above the average everywhere in the British
Isles except the W. and N. of Scotland, the amount for the
year at Montevideo, Chickerell, being 37'95in., the average
for the past 17 years being only 29'25in. The highest annual
fall in my rain gauge in the 17 years was 38'53in. in 1912,
the lowest having been 22'15in. in 1905. The fall for
December 7'31in. in my rain gauge is, I believe, a record
amount for that month in that locality, and a very unusual
amount for any month. The highest monthly amount
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixv.
which I have any note of in my gauge is 9'14in. in October,
1907. Record rainfalls were registered also for December
last in London and at many other places in the S. and S.E.
of England, that at South Kensington being 6'60in., at
Bournemouth 9'8in., and at Hindhead, 12in. The
January rainfall was also unusually high. Serious floods
have followed these rains in many places, and the camps
containing our soldiers have been seas of mud, some even
worse, I am told, than the one opposite my house at Chickerell
on the Oxford Clay. An unusually bad thunderstorm passed
over the neighbourhood of London on June 14th, with
rainfall in some places of more than 2in., and large hailstones
of lin. in diameter. At Teesmouth during a thunderstorm
on July 2nd, numbers of gulls and other seabirds were killed
by the hailstones, which must have been very large, 300
dead gulls being counted in f mile. In spite of the greater
severity of tropical thunderstorms, it would seem that deaths
from lightning are much rarer in India than England, the
suggestion being that the storms occur higher in the air.
Tall buildings and tall trees are, however, occasionally
struck, especially in mountain districts. Though I have
frequently heard the great December rainfall in England
ascribed to the war taking place in France and Belgium, and
though there seems to be really some evidence that firing
does tend to produce rainfall (but only in the immediate
neighbourhood), some laboratory experiments have failed
to support this theory ; and it has been pointed out that
Shoeburyness, where there is so much firing of big guns,
has one of the smallest rainfalls in the kingdom. But little
has been done in investigating the upper air by means of
balloons, as the supply of these ceased with the war ; and
before that took place there were more losses than usual of
the instruments, through the balloons descending in out-of-
the-way places and not being recovered. Further
investigations on the signs of the near presence of icebergs
seem chiefly to have proved that no reliable test is furnished
by the temperature of the water, which does not diminish
l xv i PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
owing to the proximity of the berg. Some observations on
the action of thunderstorms on seiches in a Japanese lake
tend to show that the rise in the water is produced by changes
in barometric pressure, by local rainfall raising the surface,
and by the impulsive action of the wind. These seiches or
local raisings of the surface occur in many large lakes, and
have been ascribed to various causes. The last meteorological
phenomenon to which I shall refer is a sunpillar seen at the
Stonyhurst observatory and elsewhere on February llth
last. A halo of 22 radius was capped by a bright " arc of
upper contact ;" and at 4.30, when the halo had become faint,
a sunpillar, which had before been visible, became very bright
and rose to the arc, which was also bright, forming, it would
seem from the description, a sort of cross of very striking
appearance, which calls to mind the cross with the moon in
the centre seen by Mrs. Richardson and myself on September
28th, 1904, and described and illustrated in our Proceedings
(Vol. XXVI., p. xxxiv.).
ELECTRICITY.
The standardisation of Electro technical symbols has
been for some time under consideration by the International
Electro technical Commission, and these symbols were finally
agreed upon at the meeting of the Commission in September,
1913, at which 24 nations were represented, and have now-
been published. This it is hoped will remove a difficulty
which has been much felt in regard to the intercourse amongst
different nations on the subject. A discovery which, though
it sounds obscure, may prove of the highest importance in
the investigation of the structure of the atom, is that when
hydrogen in a state of luminescence is placed in an electric
field of suitable strength and direction, the spectral lines
are resolved into 3 or more components. The desirability
of research work in wireless telegraphy has been put
for\\.ii(l strongly by a committee appointed by the
Postmaster General to consider the subject, and it is
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixvii.
hoped that a research laboratory for the purpose may be
founded as a result of their recommendation. At the British
Association meeting it was noted that with a wave length
of 600 metres the ranges by day and night were 450 and 2,000
miles respectively, and that by increasing the wave length
say to 800 metres an enormous increase was observed in the
range by day, whilst that by night was unaffected. In some
cases there was a maximum in the strength of signals at
midnight. An electrical sterilization of milk has been in
successful use at Liverpool, the bacteria being killed by an
alternating current of high potential. By this method no
heating is produced, w r hich is doubtless an advantage.
CHEMISTRY.
There are few things that are at present more discussed
in connection with Chemistry than the disadvantages under
which some of our great industries labour, in having hitherto
imported products that are necessary to them from Germany
and the best means of carrying out the manufacture of them
in this country. This is perhaps especially applicable to
certain dyes, 80 or 90 per cent, of which were imported from
Germany, and great efforts are being made by the Government
and others to establish works for their production, but so
far with but little success. Germany seems to have been
well aware that the co-operation of chemists and other
scientific men is in the highest degree important for the
success of such an undertaking, and it is greatly due to the
comparative ignoring of this fact by our leading manu-
facturers that she has outstripped us in the preparation
of dyes and various other articles. And even now both
the Government and those who propose to establish these
works seem very slow to realize this important point, and
to include scientists amongst their managers. It is, however,
to be hoped that in this matter they will follow the lesson
that Germany has taught us, and that British dyes, as well
Ixviii. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
as other necessaries hitherto imported, will be successfully
made and used in our factories. The manufacture of many
pure chemicals and synthetic drugs is in a similar condition,
and some are almost unattainable now that the German
source of supply is closed. Phenacetine and some others
havr. however, already been made here, and steps are being
taken to supply the others needed. It is very desirable in
thi> connection that alcohol should be allowed duty free
with proper restrictions to the research chemist, as methylated
spirit is not suitable for many processes. It is now possible
chemically greatly to improve weak flour, so that it shall
work better, absorb more water, and give a larger loaf of
lighter texture. The address of the President of the Chemical
Section of the British Association dealt with the structure of
crystals and their chemical constitution, on which some
light has been thrown by the discovery of the wonderful
results produced by the passage of X-rays through crystals
alluded to in my address last year and by other recent
investigations. It has been found that a mixture of hydrogen
and oxygen is detonated by the radium emanation, forming
water. Some experiments, in which immense pressures
were used up to something like 200 tons to the square inch,
shew that the accepted theories of the melting of liquids
do not hold at high pressures, and it would seem probable
that a liquid can be frozen by sufficient pressure, at any
temperature. Several new solid forms have been obtained,
especially forms of ice which are denser than water. Many
new members have been recently added to the disintegration
series of radium, and it is considered that this series is now
nearly complete.
ENGINEERING.
The subject of aviation, with which I often begin my
notes on engineering, has been very forcibly brought to our
notice by the way in which it has altered the character of
warfare and rendered it most difficult to carry out any strategic
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixix.
plans without the enemy's knowledge. It has probably
made much more difference in this respect than in its more
distinctly destructive work of dropping bombs, which has
not, perhaps, been so effective on the whole as had been
anticipated. One cannot but feel that many of these
wonderful inventions are very far from being a benefit to
the human race, and some of them are great evils, though
as soon as they exist, it is unfortunately impossible to ignore
them. Aeroplanes have much increased in stability, and
there are recent records of rates of 135 miles an hour, and of
ascents to an altitude of 5 miles. A gyroscopic motor car
with two wheels like a bicycle has been invented, and a trial
was lately made in London ; but the engine was not strong
enough to w r ork the gyroscope and also to drive the car at
more than 4 miles an hour. I am not aware that it has yet
been tried with a stronger engine. The quick turning of
corners may prove difficult. The optophone is an ingenious
instrument intended to render ordinary printed type into
sounds by means of a moving disc perforated with holes
through which the light is thrown on the printed page and
reflected on to a selenium bridge in connection with a
telephone, different sounds being caused according to the
intensity of the light. This is said to be sufficiently clear
to enable a blind person to read the printed page by hearing
the sounds which are produced, and, if successful, it will be
of great value to those thus afflicted. Other inventions
are a firedamp indicator, in which the presence of a minute
quantity of firedamp produces a musical note, and, secondly,
the application of the Hughes induction balance to military
surgery, when again a sound is produced by the presence of
metal. A monster locomotive engine has been built for
steep gradients on the Erie railroad, the wheel base being 90
feet in length and the weight of engine and tender 380 tons.
A cable is now laid between Sweden and Denmark, where the
width of The Sound is only 3 miles, to supply Denmark with
electric power, and is the first submarine cable laid for such
a purpose. It seems probable that electrolytic iron may
Ixx. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
become an industrial product, as tubes have been made
in this manner of considerable size. The iron is very pure
and fit for use after annealing, though hard and brittle when
first deposited. I have alluded to certain manufactured
articles which have hitherto been imported, but which
attempts are now being made to produce in this country.
Our optical glass has been chiefly made elsewhere, but it would
seem that we are likely to be successful in its manufacture in
England. The President's address to the Engineering
Section of the British Association deals with stress distribution
in materials, but though full of valuable matter is too
technical for more than a passing mention here. It has
been found that the timber supporting the joof of
Westminster Hall is so unsound through decay that a system
of steel reinforcement is to be added to it, which it is con-
sidered will make all perfectly safe, but will take 6 years
to accomplish. As regards the Museums and Galleries in
London, it is satisfactory to know that the authorities are
taking steps to prevent, as far as possible, damage by bombs
dropped by aircraft, especially in the case of the more precious
articles in their care, though we must hope that no such
raid will now actually take place.
ARCHEOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY.
At our last meeting in February, in connection with the
Report of the Earthworks Committee of the Congress of
Archaeological Societies, the Club expressed its appreciation
of the action of the late Sir Edward Hulse, the owner of
Bokerly Dyke, in stopping the injury which was being caused
by chalk digging. No other earthworks in Dorset were
alluded to in the Report as suffering damage. The
excavations made last summer in the Dewlish Elephant
Trench I have referred to under Geology, as the trench
appeared to be of natural and not human formation. A
claim for the existence of man in Miocene times has been
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixxi.
made on account of the discovery in Buenos Ayres of a
mammalian femur of that period penetrated by what is
supposed to be a flint arrow-head ; but the evidence seems
quite insufficient to establish this. In Queensland a com-
pletely mineralised human skull has been found in the
Darling Downs. From the fact that this skull is in the same
condition as bones of Diprotodon and other extinct animals
from the same district, and for other reasons, it is considered
that it may date from Pleistocene times ; and it is undoubtedly
the earliest human find hitherto made in Australia. In
the Museum at Melbourne the British Association inspected
a fine series of native stone implements, going back to
Palaeolithic, and perhaps Eolithic, specimens. In this
connection I may mention that a book, " Wookey Hole, its
Caves and Caved wellers," giving an excellent account of
his explorations and the various human and other remains
found there, has lately been written by Mr. H. E. Balch, to
whom the Club was greatly indebted for help some years ago
when they visited that locality. Fresh excavations have
been carried out at Kent's Cavern, which our Club has also
visited, and Palaeolithic implements and bones have been
found, also a tooth, pronounced to be human, of early date.
Excavations at Hengistbury Head, near Christchurch, have
yielded Bronze Age pottery, an incense cup, gold, amber,
and bronze articles, also pottery of the period shortly before
the Roman occupation, and about 4,000 gold, silver, and
bronze coins, mostly early British, many in mint condition.
Excavations recently made in Crete have produced some
remarkable bronze swords, double axes, and interesting
pottery. Another investigation, the results of which have
just been presented to the American Museum of Natural
History at New York, has brought to light, from their kitchen
middens, many relics of the Arawak Indians, who inhabited
Jamaica when Columbus landed there. The relics consist
chiefly of fragments of pottery, celts, and other stone
implements. Another race which has now died out is that
of the Tasmanians, the last of whom died recently at the
l xx ii PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
age of 80. Her mother was a full native, but her father a
white man. Many races are, like this, fast dying out, or so
modifying their habits and mode of life that very soon the
chances of anthropological investigation which still exist
will have vanished, and, unless speedily undertaken, much
valuable information about them will be lost. In kitchen
middens in South Africa are found flat stones with an
artificial depression in the centre, the use of which seems
uncertain. It is stated that they cannot be for sharpening
weapons, and a theory is propounded that they are cooking
stones, the depression being to receive the gravy! Not
having seen them I cannot attempt to decide. I was also
interested in seeing an illustration of a fine stone circle in
the Naga Hills in Assam. From the figures standing by the
stones, their height would seem to be about 15 feet. There
is clear evidence of the smelting of iron in India in the 3rd
Century B.C., and there is some reason to believe that iron
was used in very early times before 1,000 B.C. In Egypt,
iron was used as early as about 1,200 B.C., and in Assyria
about 300 years later. This information as to the early use
of other metals in Egypt is contained in an article by Flinders
Petrie in the first number of " Ancient Egypt " for 1915.
GENERAL.
I have already under the heading of Chemistry spoken
of the great temporary disadvantages caused by the war to
some trades through the shortened supply of dyes and some
other chemical products which we have been accustomed
to import from Germany, but which it is hoped that before
long we shall be in a position to manufacture to the extent
required here in England. These remarks apply also in a
modified degree to many other articles which have of late
years been " made in Germany " and imported for our use,
but which could just as well be made in England, if the
prices could be kept down to the German ones. For this,
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixxiii.
however, the co-operation of our workers is required, and
that is a question into which I do not propose to enter here.
The disgraceful and reckless destruction of many of the monu-
ments of anliquity, such as cathedrals and other beautiful
and historic buildings, and the celebrated library of Louvain
by the Germans are utterly unworthy of a people calling
themselves civilized, and cannot be justified by any military
necessity ; we can only regret them, and would not desire to
retaliate by destroying German works of art any more than
we should desire to murder innocent women and children
as they have done. The British Association has last year
extended its operations to Australia, and visited Adelaide,
Melbourne, Sydney, and Brisbane, and, in the course of
the excursions, many other parts of Australia as well as
New Zealand. All the sections were well cared for,
and most interesting programmes provided for them. In
the Education Section the President insisted much on the
importance of a scientific training, and commented on the
want of originality developed by the present mode, which
turns out pupils like a machine, all with the same ideas and
ways. The French Association for the Advancement of the
Sciences met at Havre, and extended an invitation to those
members of the British Association who did not go to
Australia, including the representatives of the Corresponding
Societies, whose meeting was held there. The tercentenary
of Napier, the discoverer of Logarithms, was celebrated at
Edinburgh last July, when their importance in Mathematical
calculation was emphasised. At a discussion as to the
admission of women as Fellows of the Royal Astronomical
Society, which was decided in the affirmative by a large
majority, 15 societies, including the Linnsean, Royal
Geographical, and others, were enumerated which admitted
women, and there have certainly been several distinguished
astronomers of that sex well worthy of the honour. A
nature reserve in the apparently unpromising locality of
Spitzbergen is under serious consideration, as in that, as in
more genial climates, the animals are much persecuted either
Ixxiv. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
for trade or sport. The introduction of the metric system
into this country comes up occasionally, and will probably
iak- place some day, and may possibly be helped by our
alliance with France in the present war ; but another standing
di>h. the Daylight Saving Bill, has lately sustained a great
loss in the death of its enthusiastic promoter. The war has
interfered considerably with the usual habits of our Field Club
in respect to the summer meetings, though not appreciably
with the more serious and I fear less popular indoor meetings
for the reading of Papers and exhibition of objects of interest.
I can only hope that before the next annual meeting we may
have peace through all the world, and that our Club, with all
other good things, will come out with fresh youth and
enthusiasm from the cloud that at present envelopes us.
on (Excavations at Dorcljcstrr on
tl)c j&itc of tljc Kmnan Defences.
By Capt. J. E. ACLAND, F.S.A.
(Read 8th December, 1914.)
years ago Mr. H. J. Moule complained
that no systematic research had ever been
attempted into the construction of the
Roman defences of Durnovaria, and nothing
has been done since. We know of course
that the town was provided with a wall on
three sides and on part of the fourth side,
and it is generally (but inaccurately) stated
that the avenues and walks are on the site
of the walls. We are, however, still
ignorant of the details of the fortifications, and have to
be content with such facts as are accidentally revealed
from time to time by excavations for other purposes. An
occasion of this sort occurred in 1911-12 when a surface
water conduit was laid on the East and South of the town,
under Salisbury Walks, South Walks, and Bowling Alley
Walks. Owing to the kindness of the Borough Surveyor
2 EXCAVATIONS AT DORCHESTER.
I made frequent examinations of the cutting, and obtained
from him a number of carefully-measured sections as the
work progressed. They are kept in the Museum Library, ;in
the " Dorset Album," Vol. I., Part II.
Commencing on the East side of the town in the Salisbury
Walks, which part was formerly called "The Great Walls,"
solid undisturbed chalk was reached at a depth of 3ft. to
5ft. of loose chalk ; the upper surface of the solid chalk
was horizontal, and was covered by a seam of an ancient turf
line, leading to the conclusion that the wall stood exactly
over this spot.
On turning into South Walks, a section opposite Culliford
Road shewed an entirely different sequence of soil. There
was no loose chalk above, no ancient turf line, and the solid
chalk was not reached till a depth of lift, of dark-coloured
snil had been removed. The upper surface of the solid chalk,
instead of being horizontal, shewed a clearly-defined slope
from North to South, obviously the inner slope of the main
ditch. This feature remained in view, though altering
gradually, till the cutting had passed Acland Road, where
the sloping surface of solid chalk had disappeared, shewing
that the site of the ditch had been left. On approaching
South Street, the ground appeared to have been more dis-
turbed, and at a depth of 10ft. Gin. I picked out of the loose
brown soil two good fragments of thick Roman brick. A
little further on there were rough courses of stones without
mortar, but presenting the appearance of foundations. They
were seen first on the Northern or inner side of the cutting,
and no doubt were connected with the main Southern gate
of the town.
Between South Street and Trinity Street the drainage
cutting revealed once more the inner slope of the ancient
ditch ; and there also appeared a secondary trench at right
angles to the main ditch on the South side. It was very similar
to the XVII. Cent, trench discovered across the entrance
to Maumbury Rings in 1912, being " V "-shaped in section,
Tft. wide at the top and 1ft. Gin. at a depth of 7ft. It did not
EXCAVATIONS AT DORCHESTER. 3
appear to be a portion of the Roman work, but may well
have been cut when Dorchester was prepared for defence
against the Royalists. From Trinity Street to West Walks
the drainage conduit was made by tunnelling, and where
shafts were sunk, solid cha]k was reached at a depth of about
7ft., having a level upper surface, probably, therefore, under
the site of the wall.
The direction of the conduit can be traced by the iron
covers to manholes marked " Surface drainage."
The Proceedings of the Dorset Field Club contain two
papers connected with this subject, one by the Rev. W. Miles
Barnes, dealing with " Roman fortification, with special
reference to the Roman defences of Dorchester." (Vol XII.,
1891, page 135), the other by Mr. H. J. Moule, " Notes on the
Walls and Gates of Durnovaria," (Vol. XIV., page 44). In
his book " Dorchester Antiquities," Mr. Moule records some
interesting discoveries, the result of excavations. On the
West side of the town, during the construction of a flight of
steps on Grove Hill, opposite Christ Church, the scarp of the
Roman wall was plainly seen. "The chalk seemed to have been
cut to a good even face, and perhaps in modern times covered
with from one to two feet of earth." Colliton Walk itself is
on, or nearly at the top of, the ancient wall ; and within the
boundary wall of Colliton Park, and parallel with the walk,
there is still to be seen a grass bank, obviously a portion of
the original defences.
In 1896 a drain was carried from the angle of West Walks
and Bowling Alley Walks to the Great Western Road. A sec-
tion drawn by the Borough Surveyor shews a portion of the
ancient scarp and the ditch, and also two ridges or banks of
solid chalk about 6ft. high, rising from the level of the bottom
of the ditch.
Again, when South Court and stables were built at the East-
ern end of South Walks, and therefore at exactly the opposite
corner of the Roman defences to that last described, very
similar features were discovered in connection with the original
ditch, i.e., outlying banks. They were measured and drawn
4 EXCAVATIONS AT DORCHESTER.
by Mr. Moule (1892-3) and may be found in the Dorset Album,
Vol. I, part II. Both these sections are nearly at right angles
to the main wall, and are therefore of special interest.
The principal facts brought to light up to the present time
may therefore be stated thus
On the East of the city, the wall was on the site of Salisbury
Walks ; on the South, the present avenues and walks occupy
the position of the ancient main ditch, the wall lying more to
the North where the houses now stand; and on th3 West, the
wall was on the site of West Walks, and Colliton Walks.
The most noteworthy features, and not at all easy cf ex-
planation, are those revealed at the extremities of the Southern
face, where the two parallel, outlying banks of chalk were found
beyond the main ditch. They are probably the remains ot the
ramparts described by early writers,* who state that " Dor-
chester was anciently encompassed by a high and thick wall of
stone, beyond which again were, two ramparts of earth 1,700
paces in length."
Outlying banks and ditches are so unusual in the normal
tvpe of Roman fortifications, and so typical of those constructed
b\ the earlier inhabitants of Britain, that it may be suggested
perhaps that Durnovaria was built on the site of a pre-historic
" oppidum." But although this district was no doubt thickly
populated in the Bronze Age, it would appear improbable that
there was a third fortified camp in the immediate neighbour-
hood of Maiden Castle and Poundbury. Moreover, the features
we are discussing are very similar to a description of Silchester
given by Mr. John Ward, " the fortifications of which (he
says) are of earthwork faced with a strong wall, external to
which are the remains of two ditches."
One more fact should ba noted. The plan, or outline, of the
Roman defences did not follow the usual rectilinear design, but
occupied an area equivalent to a quadrant of a circle. The two
faces, South and West, are at right angles and of equal length.
See Bayley's "Civil War in Dorset," page 94.
EXCAVATIONS AT DORCHESTER. 5
about 760 yards ; the remainder of the enclosed space falling
more or less on the arc of the circle, conforming to the natural
configuration of the ground in that part. This plan, however,
is not altogether detrimental to the idea of a Roman origin.
In Mr. John Ward's instructive book " Romano-British Build-
ings and Earthworks," there is a fairly long list of what he
terms " unsymmetrical Roman towns ;" and he adds that it
scarcely accords with facts to make the quadrilateral form
a test of military (i.e. Roman) origin."
These notes should not close without a passing reference to
the only fragment now visible of the once massive stone walls
that surrounded the Roman town. It may be seen in the West
Walks between High West Street and Princes Street, and was
presented to the town of Dorchester by Mrs. Lucia Catherine
Stone, Jan. 1st, 1886. There is much difficulty in ascertaining
the period wiien these walls were destroyed. Some say it was
the work of the Danes, A.D. 1002, but much more probably
it was the gradual result of time and neglect through many
centuries. Such documentary evidence as we have shall be
given. In the Borough Records, under date A.D., 1633, it is
stated in an official letter that the town is " surrounded with
ditches and walls ;" while in 1642 there are detailed instruc-
tions for the defences and custody of the several gates of
the town. If gates, surely there must also have been walls.
In 1723 Stukeley says, " on the West side a great deal of the
wall was standing, and much more within memory ; " while
in Savage's " History of Dorchester," written 1832, we read
that the " pleasant and spacious walks were made about
1700 and 1712, and planted with rows of sycamore and horse
chestnut trees." The final demolition of the walls, rapidly
(no doubt) falling into a ruinous condition, took place
therefore, in all probability, at that period.
Oil) DiJJitgc Jokes itut (Games
obtained in tljc $Jitdunorc
in tl)c East
By E. A. RAWLENCE.
(Read Sth Dec., 1914.)
N a paper which I had the pleasure of reading before
the Field Club last year, we considered some
old-time remedies for various ailments to which
poor humanity is subject. I now propose to
touch upon two other sides of Village life
which, as the sequel will show, are somewhat
interlaced.
In regard to Village jokes, it appears to
have been a practice, probably during the first half of the
nineteenth century and some way back into the eighteenth,
to catch hold of some faux pas or delinquency of which
one individual or more in a particular village had been
guilty, and as a consequence attach some nickname to the
inhabitants of that village. These nicknames often caused a
considerable amount of irritation, and even a number of broken
heads amongst the more susceptible portion of the community ;
and naturally the more irritation any member showed the more
was he made a butt. I have met with some difficulty in my
OLD VILLAGE JOKES AND GAMES. 7
endeavours to trace out the origin of these nicknames, as while
some were willing enough to tell about the delinquencies of a
neighbouring village, they were as ignorant as new-born babes
the moment you began to question them as to the origin of the
sobriquet attaching to their own .
A QUAINT DOGGRELL.
Coming now more particularly to the subject of my paper,
there is an old doggrel attaching to the south side of the
Blackmore Vale, as follows :
"Houghton Owls.
Ansty shear-dogs.
Mappowder hedge-pigs.
Haselbury Ba-lambs.
Buckland Nanny-goats.
Pulham Hogs.
Holwell men.
And Caundle dogs."
I give the origin of these so far as I have been able to trace
them.
HOUGHTON OWLS.
It appears that one Jonathan Joyce lost his way in Houghton
Wood on a dark night. He wandered about in despair shouting
" Man Lost ! Man Lost ! " Just then an owl from a tree near
by cried " Hoo . . . Hoo ... !" Jonathan, thinking that it was a
friendly voice responding to his call, shouted back " Jonathan
Joyce o' Houghton, the honestest man that ever broke bread ! "
Thus, because Jonathan answered the owl, all his neighbours
were associated with that species.
ANSTY SHEAR-DOGS.
Ansty was celebrated for its brewery and its gang of sheep-
shearers. Upon a day, one of the gang took too freely of its
8 OLD VILLAGE JOKES AND GAMES.
" nut-brown beer " and, after having finished shearing one
sheep, in his fuddled condition he essayed to lay hold of
another, but instead he seized the old shepherd's shaggy-
coated dog, and proceeded to divest it of its jacket. The dog
waa only a "passive resister," and when the operation was
finished the Ansty man, whose name tradition does not hand
down, turned up the old dog and let him go, remarking
admiringly " Ther' now, 1 calls thic zheep turned out darned
well," and Ansty has had to pay the penalty of his folly ever
since.
MAPPOWDER HEDGE-PIGS.
The real origin of this is obscure. From two sources I have
been told the same tale that it originated through two Map-
powder men having been mistaken at a public -house at
Haselbury Bryan for two gipsies wiio had stolen something.
Mappowder men were also called " Gips," as Mappowder
Common before its enclosure was a noted rendezvous for gipsies,
and gipsies were supposed to eat hedgehogs, hence the not very
logical connection between a Mappowder man and a hedge -pig.
Anyway, this seems to have been sufficiently established to the
bucolic mind. The nickname seems to have been much re-
sented by some of the more susceptible inhabitants, and as a
consequence was assiduously applied to them either in fun or
spite by their neighbours. An old inhabitant told me that
there was one Michael New who was particularly irritated at
the sobriquet, and that as a boy he used to delight in looking
over the hedge and saying " Michael, hav' e' zeed ar'a hedge-
pig to-day ? " and Michael would drop his tool and chase him
tor a mile. Not infrequently, when one ot these touchy people
came out of doors in the morning, he would find a hedge-pig
suspended by its hind leg to the latch of his door. This
badinage seems to have been carried on especially between the
Haselbury Ba-lambs and the Mappowder hedge-pigs. The
following amusing incident was told me by my old friend W.M.
of Haselbury.
OLD VILLAGE JOKES AND GAMES. 9
One day he was at work at Armswell Farm, and there chanced
to be two Mappowder men at work there as well. W.M. put
up his trap in the cart -house in which a dead lamb was hung up,
from which the shepherd fed his dog. When W.M. returned
to his cart at dinner time he found a leg of this " Ba-lamb "
carefully wrapped up in paper and placed under the seat.
W.M. at once spotted the practical joker, and he told me " 1
made up my mind to be up-zides wi'n for this, zo I knocks off
me work a bit earlier and drives back through Mappowder. I
knocks at the door of his cottage and out comes his missus.
Good evenen', Mam, says I, look'ee here, I owes yer man a
turn zo I 've brought 'en a leg o'lamb and you'll let 'en hav' it
when he comes home." Of course the poor soul was pro-
foundly thankful for so handsome a present, and W.M. drove
on. The sequel is hidden in mystery, but let us hope that the
Mappowder man did not find the leg ready cooked for his supper
on his return from Armswell.
The term " Gip " does not seem to have been so resented.
One day an old inhabitant was explaining to me that he was
not a Mappow T der man, but a Sherburnian w r ho had been sent to
Mappowder by " Old Squire Digby," when he bought the
estate. I asked him where his Missus came from, and his reply
was, " Oh, she w r er' a true Gip."
HASELBURY BA-LAMBS.
I have had some difficulty in tracing the origin of this. My
friend W.M. x who would yarn to me as long as I liked to listen
about Mappowder hedge -pigs, became delightfully ignorant
directly I touched on the origin of Haselbury Ba-lambs, and
it was only recently that I have been able to ascertain this
through the assistance of Mrs. Topp, who obtained it from
Martha Legg, an old bed-ridden woman of Mappowder.
This was her statement : " In an old house that was next to
Mr. Carter's shop near the Antelope there lived a man by the
name of C., who had been a gentleman's servant, but he had
lost his character and situation and was very lazy. One day
10 OLD VILLAGE JOKES AND GAMES.
he stole a sheep from the field below the Cow-stall. The con-
stable traced the sheep to his house and found it hung up and
dressed in his back-house. He got 5 or 7 years in gaol. Also
one T.R. stole a cow and drove her to Exeter and sold her. He
got seven years. From this, Haselbury men of that generation
got a bad name for sheep stealing and cattle lifting, and
Mappowder men retaliated on them by nicknaming them
" Ba-lambs."
I have hitherto been unable to trace the origin of
" Buckland nanny-goats " or " Pulham hogs," but " Hoi well
men " and " Caundle dogs " seem to have originated from
the prowess of the men of these villages in the rough games
of cudgel-playing and cut-leg, and there appears to have been
a great rivalry between the men of these villages for the
championship.
Two OLD GAMES.
CUDGEL-PLAYING AND CUT -LEG.
This brings me to the second part of my paper as to the
games of cudgel-playing and cut-leg. These old games pro-
bably came into vogue when the more brutal combats of the
tournay died out, and possibly helped to maintain the fighting
qualities of our country-folk which proved such a valuable
asset in our Continental wars. The game of cudgels was
" played," mark you, with a weapon about three feet long and
an inch in diameter, made of ash. I have been unable to
obtain an original cudgel, but Mr. Old, of Bishop's Caundle,
who has seen them, has kindly reproduced a pair for me, which
I now show. Some cudgels have basket hand-guards, and
some only a leather thong-lcop to go round the wrist. Wm.
Loder, of Pollbridge, Bishop's Caundle, who died in 1909 at a
great age and had seen the game " played," gave me the
following information.
CUDGEL-PLAYING.
It was generally " played " at the Pulham, Holwell and
Caundle feasts. The modus operandi was to construct a plat-
form of the tables used at the feast, resting them either on beer
OLD VILLAGE JOKES AND GAMES. 11
barrels or trestles. The challenger would ascend the platform
and throw down his cap, and his opponent would mount and
pick it up. Evidently, a remnant of the knightly challenge by
throwing down a glove. Hitting below the knee was forbidden,
and the attack was made more especially on the body between
the knee and neck, and the object was to wind or double up an
opponent ; when this was accomplished the victor was entitled
to cut his opponent across his head with the sharp edge of the
top of the cudgel, which was especially cut across level for the
purpose. As soon as blood was drawn the game was won.
Also, if the cudgel were knocked out of an opponent's hand it
counted a game.
The game was " played " at Bishop's Caundle on a piece of
waste land near a large oak where Giles Lane, Brown's Street,
and Pound Lane meet. In his younger days Mr. Old had seen
the game " played " there. Of the last generation of cudgel
players in that district, the most noted was John Combes, of
Lower Buckshaw, who was known as Tallyho Combes. Mr.
Old told me that when he put him into his coffin he noticed that
his ribs on the left side were battered in and the centre of his
chest forced out of position, through having been continually
hammered in the " play." Next came Mr. Stephen Spicer,
John Ryall, of Caundle Mill, two keepers by names of Tite and
Loder, and Mr. Wm. Jesty, who was a lime-burner. Tallyho
Combes, who was admittedly champion, was an extra-
ordinarily active man ; he was reputed to be capable of
standing against a five -barred gate with both hands in his
pockets and springing over without any run.
The following quaint entry appears in the Bishop's Caundle
Parish Register, 1789 " Antony Notley, 63 after nine days
illness, a stout robust man, and had been famous for his
prowess among the heroes of the cudgel, good in his temper and
understanding." The Notleys occupied Fontleroi Farm in
Caundle Marsh parish for several generations, and their tenancy
terminated at 1856.
Sherborne was also a noted centre for cudgel " playing,"
and the days on which the Lenthay races took place were
12 OLD VILLAGE JOKES AND GAMES.
further popularized by bouts of cudgel " play " before and
after the races. Through the kindness of Mr. Wingfield
Digby I am able to exhibit a poster dated August 1817 ;
announcing the race meetings. After advertising the race
meetings the poster announces " Cudgelling ; to be played
for by young gamesters. A purse of three guineas each
Day. To mount the stage precisely at Ten o'clock or no
Play."
The play on the first day took place in front of the old Town
Hall and the stage was set up in front of the steps to the Abbey,
about the spot where the weighbridge now stands, and on the
second day the bout was on Green Hill in front of the old
Angel Hotel, which was a noted posting house and stood where
the Rev. H. Dunkin's School House now is. William Barrett,
who died recently, aged 88, remembered these games well.
His descriptions coincide with those of Mr. Old and Wm.
Loder, except that sometimes the combatants played with two
cudgels each, but the one held in the left hand was used only
as a guard, answering to the shield of former days. When
only one cudgel was used the player's left arm was strapped
behind his back, presumably to prevent its being broken and to
present a better target of the ribs.
The town crier, who held office under the lord of the manor
of Sherborne, acted as " master of ceremonies " and announced
the commencement of the " play " with his bell. The chal-
lenger then mounted the platform and threw down his cap,
which was duly taken up by his opponent. When blood had
been drawn from the head of one of the combatants, the crier
rang his bell and cried " Another man's head broken, another
man wanted." The last crier thus to act as master of the
ceremonies was William Simmonds, who died in 1865. Four
generations of Simmonds held this office, and through the
kindness of Mr. Archdall Ffooks, the steward of the manor, I
am able to exhibit photographs of the last two of these im-
portant personages, not indeed announcing " another man's
head broken," but the advent to the town of a big supply of
mackerel from West Bay. There was always a great rivalry
OLD VILLAGE JOKES AND GAMES. 13
between Sherburnians and " players " from Hermitage and
Holnest, who \vere men of great repute at the game.
Barrett's father was a doughty player, and he told me that
he remembered seeing his father crack three men's heads in a
morning and then go to Lenthay races as if nothing had hap-
pened. The cudgel playing at Sherborne was for many years
kept going through the patronage of Squire Gordon otLew T eston,
Mr. Warry, who lived at the Manor House, Sherborne, and one
of the Penny family, but it was very much opposed by the then
Vicar, the Rev. James Parsons, and I understood from Barrett
that quite a feud existed in the parish between the supporters
of the respective parties.
Mrs. Griffiths, now aged 86, who is a daughter of Crier
Simmonds, tells me that towards the end the game was so
opposed that when a. "bout" had been arranged, posters
announcing the games were printed anonymously. A rap
would come at her father's door (he was bill-poster as well as
crier), and on opening it a bundle of posters with the money
for posting them would be found left on the step by some
mysterious person who had disappeared ; but, she added, " of
course father knew where they came from."
Since reading this paper Mr. Stride, of Hinton St. Mary,
has informed me that in that village there lives an old man
named John Hames, aged 80, whose grandfather, bearing the
same names, was noted as being the best in his day with the
Cudgels. Mr. Stride writes : "It appears that no one would
stand up to him for miles around. His fame grew so, that
he eventually met in the Market Place at Blandford all
' dons ' of the time from all Dorset, and for breaking the
most heads he became the Champion of Dorset and won a
silver Mug which is inscribed
JOHN HAMES,
Hinton St. Mary.
Won this Mug at Cudgels at Blandford, August 10th, 1803."
The present John Hames owns and greatly treasures this
cup.
14 OLD VILLAGE JOKES AND GAMES.
CUT-LEG.
The game of '' cut-leg " was played with hazel rods about
the size of one's finger and a yard long. With these the com-
l. ; it. -nits slashed each others' legs below the knees ; no blows
were allowed above the knee, and the man who could stand it
the longest won the game. Old Wm. Loder told me that in
his younger days he used to cut rods for " the players " and
whilst the combat was on he used to stand " wi' a bundle under
me yarm " and hand out fresh rods to the combatants as they
required them. Loder stated that a man that could use both
hands alike had a great advantage at this game, as with his
right hand he could damage his opponent's left leg and then
change over and attack his right leg. The combatants were
usually dressed in knee breeches and old-fashioned light blue
and white stockings, and Loder told me that he had seen the
knee breeches of George and Joe Warren, who were great
fighters, " bust open " below the knee from the swelling caused
by the blows.
I believe that cut-leg was also played at the Lenthay race
meetings at Sherborne, but only as a secondary game.
" WROSTLEN."
In Devonshire the corresponding amusement seems to have
been " Wrostlen Matches ;" but true wrestling had nothing to
do with the game. The procedure was as follows : The com-
batants were dressed in knee-breeches and stockings, and boots
with thick soles ; but no nails were allowed in them. Each
" player " then placed his hands on his opponent's shoulders
and got a grip, and they then proceeded to kick each other's
shins as hard as they could, and the man who stood it longest
won the game. A former foreman on the Sherborne Castle
estate, a Devonshire man, had been a great player at this
game, and was proud to show his scarred shins in evidence of
his prowess, and my late brother once saw it " played " at an
Inn at a village near Okehampton. This would have been
about the year 1870. The landlord of that Inn was a great
OLD VILLAGE JOKES AND GAMES. 15
" wrestler," and only passed away about two years ago. As
nails in the soles were strictly prohibited, it was permissible to
harden the leather of the soles artifically, so as to give it as
good a cutting edge as possible. The prescription of one of the
above combatants to this end was to soak the soles of his boots
well in bullock's blood and then dry them off.
I have been given to understand that the scarred head of a
Dorset "player" and the scarred shins of a Devon "wrostler"
were as much the subject of pride as the scarred cheeks of a
German officer who had been wounded in his military duels.
Such were some of the jokes, pranks, and manly games which
enlivened village life before the days of railways and daily
papers. It will be seen that we are just on the verge of losing
touch with the generation of those who have either participated
in or actually seen these sports, and probably the next genera-
tion of these villagers will be totally ignorant of these old
customs and games. I trust that by thus putting on record
such of the remnants as can now be scraped together, it may
at least pass on to those who come after us some insight into
the doings of our forebears.
;2t Dorset Etorti)t),
Htillum *tonc, Bopaiist ani Otbinc*
(1615*1685,)
By the Rev. Canon J. M. J. FLETCHER, M.A. and R.D.
(Read 8th Dec., 1914.)
N the "Bidding Prayer " which is said in Wimborne
Minster at its annual Commemoration of
" Founders, Benefactors and Worthies," for
whose memory, benefits and good example
humble thanks are given, mention is made of
" William Stone (1685), a Minister of this
Church, and Principal of New Inn Hall,
Oxford, who endowed the Almshouse of St.
Margaret's and founded the Library of this Church."
From the inscription on his tomb in St. Michael's Church,
Oxford, we learn that he was a native of Wimborne ; and,
as he was in his seventieth year at the time of his death,
A DORSET WORTHY. 17
which took place in the early summer of 1685, it follows that
he must have been born about the year 1615.*
Without very much doubt it may be assumed that he was
the son of Mr. William Stone, M.A., who, from 1601 to 1639,
was " Schoole master at Wimborne," or, as he would now be
described, Head Master of the Grammar School there. During
the greater part of that time, namely, from 1609 to 1637, he
also occupied the dignified position of Principal Official of the
(Judicial and Testamentary) Court of the Royal Peculiar
of Wimborne Minster, which Court was held at the west
end of the north aisle of the church.
William Stone, the younger, would receive the rudiments of
his education under his father's care at the Grammar School
in his native town. From thence he proceeded to St. Edmund
Hall in the University of Oxford, where he showed himself to
be so " distinguished for learning, judgment, and piety (and)
so precocious beyond belief in true talent " that, although it
was " abundantly his due," his Academical degree had to be
postponed for a time because he was not old enough to be
permitted to take the necessary oaths which preceded it.
In due time, however, on January 6th, 1633, when he was still
in his eighteenth year, the degree of B.C.L. was conferred upon
him.
* Foster (Alumni Oxonienses) confuses him with another William
Stone, the son of John, of Hampstead, Herts, who matriculated from
Trinity College, in 1623, at the age of 17. And, even during his lifetime,
he was confused with still another namesake, for a story was told of him
and of a proctor, which, if he had been connected with it, could only
possibly have happened provided that he had been a Scholar of his
College (and that Magdalen, and not his own), at the early age of three
years ! ! Advanced in his studies as Stone was, we cannot claim that he
was such an infant prodigy as this would imply. (See Wood's Life and
Times, by A. Clark, Oxford, 1891, 5 Vols. (Vol. 1, page 478). Clark adds
in a note : " Well-known stories are often handed down, each
generation attaching it to a contemporary, e.g. , the bursar, who got
his accounts 1,800 and odd pounds wrong by adding in the year of our
Lord at the top of the column, continues to be told of present day
bursars (1891)."
lg A DORSET WORTHY.
At that period, and indeed until about 35 years ago, Wim-
borne Minster was in the somewhat peculiar position of having
at the same time three "Presbyters," or "Ministers," or
" Preachers," with equal authority, each of whom, with his
oun clerk, was responsible every third week for the services
at the Church.
So highly were the character and abilities of young Stone
esteemed by the good people of Wimborne that they were
desirous that he should become one of their Ministers. And
accordingly, in 1641, " as soon as his age permitted," and there
was a vacancy on the staff of clergy, " he was appointed to
preside over the church of Wimborne, his native place, in
satisfaction of the earnest desire of the people."
An entry in the Church accounts for the year 1641-2 shows
that, in accordance with the usage of the time, a hood was
provided for the new clergyman at the cost of the parish :
s. d.
Paid for a Hoode for Mr. Stone 186
He remained at Wimborne, and ministered with much
acceptance to the spiritual needs of the parishioners for some
four or five years, before being, as we learn from a contempor-
ary Journal, expelled from his benefice and compelled to leave
the country, as a consequence of his allegiance to the Royal
cause. The following is the introductory article from Mer-
curius Academicus for March 2nd, 1645 (-1646).*
" You have heard of Mr. Peters the mad Preacher ; If you have not
yet heard of Mr. Ford the fighting Preacher, you may take notice of him
now. This Ford is a captain under Colonel Bingham, and though an
inferior officer to Lieutenant-Colonel Barrett Lacy (commanding at
Wareham) and Major William Skutt (commander of the Poole garrison)
yet their superior and attended by them in his divine rhapsodies. Yes,
Sir Anthony Cooper, too, the baronet, and his brother Major George
Cooper think it no disparagement to be disciples of this new Illuminate ;
* M<rcurius Academics, " The twelfth weeke, Monday, March 2,
1645, pages 109, 110. [Bodleian Library, Hope Add., 1133].
A DORSET WORTHY. 19
and therefore not long since came this Ford to a place called Wimborne
in Dorset, and commanded the Clerk of that parish to ring all in ; for
he himself would preach twice that Lord's Day. The Clerk repairs to
the Dr. Incumbent and acquaints him with the will of this new Preacher.
The Doctor thought it strange that a man w T ho pretended to be so
high a pitch of learning as Divinity should have so little acquaintance
with the Ethics, as to command his pulpit without his leave ; but after
second thoughts and considering whose creature this Ford was, he
answered : ' If Mr. Ford will preach twice this day, his will must be to
me a law. Colonel Bingham, I perceive, is resolved to deprive me with-
out law, and to bring Mr. Ford in without Equity.' Mr. Ford goes to
Church, guarded thither by Lacy, Skutt, and some soldiers belonging to
that Regiment, and, regarded there by the presence of Baronet Cooper
and his brother, commands the Clerk to repeat the Lord's Prayer and
sing a Psalm ; and up to the Pulpit he steps. At the sight of whom and
missing of Common Prayer, the parishioners first gaze and then cry
out for their Doctor and the old service of God. Mr. Ford rails at and
reviles the people for this disorder (intending no one shall be disorderly
but himself) ; and rising up against him that came to bring Jesus Christ
to them (that expression he took in short hand the last time he heard
Mr. Peters) who had not been preached in three score years before.
The people hearing this impudent lie, and fearing that if this fellow were
suffered it might come to pass Christ should not be preached in three
score years after, renew their desires for the Common Prayer and their
Doctor ; at whose just commands Lieutenant-Colonel Lacy grows angry
and obtains leave of Baronet Cooper to command a guard of muskets to
bring the people into their order ; but the soldiers, seeing the people's
resolution, and foreseeing what a bloody day such an action would make,
are wiser than their Commander and sit still. And as Lacy is Zealous
in this business a discreet man wishes him to take wit in his anger, and
then to cut it off with his shears (you may know this Lacy was a tailor).
The Baronet being told the truth by the people that he had
already starved their bodies, for he is a racking landlord, and now took a
course to starve their souls as an Impropriator, hastens out of Church to
the Doctor's House, and desires him to come and lay that Devil which
himself had raised, promises that Ford should leave the pulpit which
in the way he did, not by the Baronet's policy but the people's piety.
And in requital this thankful Sir Anthony, with the help of Bingham,
Skutt, Lacy, and such other Reformers, have expelled the Doctor out of
his living and banished him out of the country. By this you may see
what property or liberty we shall enjoy, if the rebels prevail."
Driven away from Wimborne because of his loyalty to
Church and King, Stone joined the Royal army, presumably
20 A DORSET WORTHY.
as chaplain, and, " through many labours, losses and dangers
fulfilled his duty."
It was not long before the King's cause was lost, and the ill-
fated Monarch himself had been put to death. With the
collapse of the Royal army Stone's work in it had come to an
end. For a time he left his native land and travelled in foreign
countries " with much advantage to himself in sagacity and
teaming/'
Upon the Restoration of the Monarchy he returned to " his
own Wimborne," and was re-appointed one of the three
Ministers of the Minster. Relative to this the MS. Book of the
Orders of the Governors of Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School in
Wimborne <&c. (1678-1810), has the following entry : " xv"
Aprilis 1661, Md., that the day and yeare abovesayd Mr.
William Stone formerly chosen to be one of the Ministers of
Wimborne was confirmed to be one of the sayd ministers, and
was allowed to have fifty pounds a yeare for his stipend, and
the third pte of the offerings of Church and the ministers house
and garden."
His fellow " Presbyters " were Mr. Richard Gillingham, who
had been appointed two or three years previously, and was
now re-elected and confirmed in his office, and Mr. Thomas
Ansty. One of his predecessors, Mr. Baldwin Deacon, had been
discharged by the Governors a few months previously, because
he had " neglected and refused to doe the office of a Minister,"
and moreover had confessed that he was " not yet ordeyned
a Minister in any manner or forme," and consequently was
" uncapable to doe the offices of a Minister ; " and, further-
more, although three months licence had been granted to him
in which " to be ordained a Minister according to the Laws and
Government of the Church of England," he had neglected (or
declined) to be so ordained.
The following items from the Church Accounts for the year
1660-1 will be of interest :
s. d.
Item paid to David Deane for 20 ells of holland
to make two surplices for the Ministers . . 316 8
A DORSET WORTHY. 21
S. d.
It. paid for lace for the collars . . . . ..030
It. paid Mrs. Gillingham for making of 2 sur-
plices 070
It. paid for a hoode for Mr. Stone . . . . 165
Mr. Stone was held in high reputation in the University
of Oxford as well as in his native town of Wimborne ; and on
July 6th, 1663, he was appointed Principal of New Inn Hall
there.
As one of the conditions of the appointment of the Ministers
at this time was that they should make their continual resi-
dence in Wimborne, in all probability Stone would have to
resign his position as Presbyter of the Minster on his appoint-
ment to his new post in Oxford.
It is, however, the case that, shortly after this time, we
constantly find the Ministers of Wimborne combining their
work there with the charge of other parishes. If this were the
case with Stone, perhaps he would be allowed to remain at
Oxford during term time, and, during the remaining half of
the year, would carry on his ministerial work in Wimborne.
New Inn Hall was one of the few hospices for students in
Oxford which survived the Reformation. The Halls were
originally private houses rented by students who elected
their own Principal, though at a later date the Chancellor of
the University usurped the nomination. The Halls had little
or no endowments, and, consequently, could not hold their
ground along with the well-endowed Colleges which took their
place, or which in some cases were actually grafted upon
them. Those which remained came into the hands of
neighbouring Colleges and were gradually absorbed by them.
Thus, by virtue of a statute framed by the Oxford University
Commissioners (1881), about the same time that two other
Halls ceased to exist as separate institutions, New Inn Hall,
upon the death of Dr. Cornish, its last Principal, in 1887,
was incorporated in Balliol College. St. Edmund Hall is the
only society of the kind now existing in Oxford.
22 A DORSET WORTHY.
About the period of Edward VI. 's reign New Inn Hall
had dwindled in numbers. During the time of the Civil War,
1642-1646, it was used as the Mint for King Charles, where
the plate of the Colleges and Halls was sent to be melted
down. When the garrison of Oxford had surrendered, it
became full of Puritans and Parliamentarians ; but after the
Restoration, during the Principalship of Mr. Stone, it
attained, both in numbers and influence, to a position which
in all probability it has never occupied either before or
since.
Other appointments now also fell to Mr. Stone's share, and
he may be regarded as having become somewhat of a
pluralist. In 1663 he was appointed Vicar of Pottersbury in
Northamptonshire, and in the following year he was
presented with the sinecure Incumbency of Northop in
Flintshire.
In Oxford he numbered amongst his personal friends Dr.
John Hall (who became Lady Margaret Professor of Divinity,
and Prebendary of Worcester), the celebrated Mr. Obadiah
Walker, Master of University College, and the distinguished
antiquary and historian, Mr. Anthony a Wood. It is not
improbable that it is in some measure due to Stone that
Wood's " History and Antiquities of the University of Oxford "
has been preserved to us, for it was by his advice, together
with that of Obadiah Walker (who, as well as he, privately
perused the work and knew the value of it), that the MS. was
accepted by the Delegacy of the University for publication.
Stone remained in Oxford, as Head of New Inn Hall, for 21
years. The estimation in w r hich he was held there may be
gathered from what is said of him in Reliquiae, Hearniance :
" Mr. William Stone, LL.B., and principal of New Inne Hall,
was so wise a man and of so much learning, knowledge, and
probity, that Dr. Mill used to say ' Now there are many men
that think themselves fit and would fain be Archbishops of
* Reliquue Heamianas [Ed. P. Bliss]. J. R. Smith, London, 1869,
Vol. II., page 185.
A DORSET WORTHY. 23
Canterbury ; but I know no one so well qualified as Mr. Stone,
tho' he thinks himself fit for no high station.' "
His old friend Anthony a Wood describes him in his*
Athence et Fasti Oxon : as being " a most excellent preacher
and Canonist."
Owing to continued ill health Stone resigned the Principal-
ship of New Inn Hall in August, 1684, and early in the follow-
ing month he left Oxford f "to go into his owne country to
spend the remainder of his dayes at Wimbourn Minster among
his relations." He had two sisters married there, Mrs.
Williams and Mrs. Bolton. But he could not make himself
contented in Wimborne, even amongst his own kith and kin,
and amidst the scenes of his early days. The spell of Oxford
was upon him. He missed the thought and the learning of the
University city, and the intellectual companionship of his
friends there. And so six months later, at the beginning of
April, 1685, he returned to Oxford " as though weary of the
country." But, prostrated as he was by bodily weakness,
though vigorous to the last in memory and judgment, he was a
dying man, and did not long survive his return. He passed
away on Monday, the 22nd of June, 1685, and three days later
was buried within the altar rails on the north side of the chancel
of St. Michael's Church.
* Wood's Athence et Fasti Oxon, Vol. I., p. 258 (Fasti).
t Wood's Life and Times [Clark's Ed.], Vol. III., pp. 108-9.
t Ibid, Vol. III., p 144, " 1685, June 22, Munday, Mr. Stone died ;
and was buried in St. Michael's Church in the College Chancell in the
grave of Mr. (Henry) Foulis." [Wood's Life, &c., Vol. II., p. 178,
" Henry Foulis R.D. (Wood's companion), Sub-Rector of Lincoln
College, died December 24, 1669, and was buried in the chancell of
St. Michael's church under the north wall."]
In the Burial Registers of St. Michael's the entry is " Mr. Stoon
wass Bury'ed : In the Colledg Chansell, June the 25th, Anno 1685."
There is no doubt that William Stone was buried in St. Michael's
Church, and the words " in Mr. Foulis' grave " mark the spot. Why
it is called " The College chancel " is difficult to discover. (Possibly
it means that Lincoln College, having the " Rectorial tithes,' had
rights over the chancel.)
;24 A DORSET WORTHY.
His memorial tablet, an octagonal marble one, with a Latin
inscription (which with its translation into English is given
below), still remains ; but it has been removed from its original
place in the chancel to the west end of the north aisle.
Stone appears to have given his books to Wimborne Minster,
although they had not been taken away from Oxford before his
death. But they were removed shortly afterwards,* and
formed the commencement and the nucleus of the celebrated
chained Library which exists in his native place.
In his will, a copy of which is annexed, he left his Wimborne
property (lands, houses, &c.), to be eventually " for the use
and benefitt of the Almesmen who shall live in the Hospitall
of St. Margaretts which is in the said parish of Wimborne,"
and he bequeathed to 100 poore people of that parish, to be
nominated by the overseers of the poor, 2s. each." The resi-
due of his property he left to such charitable uses as his old
friend, Mr. Walker, the Master of University College, should
direct. Some portion of this w r as laid out in the purchase of
land at St. Clement's, Oxford, whereon some almshouses have
been built and endowed, aided by gifts and legacies by Stone's
executor, Dr. Fry, and by another medical practitioner, Mr.
Richard Curtis. On the front of the building may still be
read this inscription : " This Hospital for the poor and sick
was founded by the Reverend Mr. William Stone, Principal of
New Inn Hall. In Hopes of thy assistance. Ao. Dno. 1700."
Thus, in Oxford, eight poor women, thanks in no small
measure to the munificence of William Stone, enjoy their
almshouses and gardens, each with monetary assistance
amounting to about 20 a year.
And in Wimborne, the closing years of some 15 or 16 poor
men and women are made easier, owing to his bequest to
St. Margaret's Hospital.
And, although it is to be feared that his books w r hich were
given to the Minster at Wimborne are not often used now,
* Cf. Proceedings of the Dorset N.H. and A. Field Club, Vol. XXXV.,
p. 23, 24.
A DORSET WORTHY. 25
even as works of occasional reference, yet there can be no
doubt that they add, in their present chained condition, to the
interest of a most interesting church which has been aptly
described as one of the chief glories of Dorset.
ADDENDA.
WILL OF WILLIAM STONE (THE ELDER).
(Somerset House, P.C.C., 113 Harvey).
Abstract of ( . . ) the Will of William Stone, of Wimborne Minster
in the county of Dorset Schoolemaster.
Imp : I give to my daughter 200. Item my will is that my sonne
Samuell shall enjoy dureing his natural life that 20 a yeare in which
Fir George Hastings is by acknowledgement of a Statute of 500 bound
to estate whomsoever I shall nominate & I doe hereby nominate
my said sonne Samuel thereunto. Item to my daughter Mary 100.
Item to my daughter Sara 100. Item I give all my land to my sonne
William & his heires. Item I give 10/- to the Minister who shall
preach at my funerall. Item I give 20/- a peece to my naturale brother
& sister for a remembrance if soe be they shall demande the same.
Item I give 20/- to the poore of Wimborne & 20/- to the church of
Wimborne. Residue to my wife Martha & my sonne William whome
I make exors. Frendes George Strode esq. & Wm Goddard clerke
to be overseers & 5/- a peece.
Dated 14 Sept. 1638, William Stone. Witnesses, William Goddard,
Walter Flacy. Proved in the P.C.C. 14 June 1639 by Martha &
William Stone the exors.
WILL OF WILLIAM STONE.
(Somerset House, P.C.C., 93 Cann).
Will of William Stone, of Oxford, Clarke.
I make Mr. Wm. Fry, of Trinity College, Oxford, my executor,
and I give him 100, and I give him all my lands, tenements, &c.,
within the parish of Winborne in co. Dorsett, to him and his heirs
with the proviso that he suffer my brother and sister Bolton, & my
brother and sister Williams, to enjoy during their lives what they
now have of mine there ; and that my Executor shall within one year
after my death settle the said lands and houses upon 4 or 5 honest
26 A DORSET WORTHY.
inhabitants of the said parish, or living neare it, that after the death
of my said brothers and sisters the profitts of the said lands and houses
may be employed by them for the use and benefitt of the Almesmen
who shall live in the Hospittal of St. Margaretts which is in the said
parish of Winborne. I give to 100 poore people of that parish to be
nominated by the overseers of the poor 2s. each. To my two sisters 10
each, and the use of my goods during their lives, and to their husbands
20s. each. I forgive Mr. Simon Miller 50 part of what he owes me.
The residue to such charitable uses as Mr. Walker now Master of
University College shall direct, and I give him 5.
Dated 12 May, 1685, W. Stone. Witnesses, Tho. Hinton, Tho.
Ansty, Robt. Whitehall, Willi. Edwards. Proved P.C.C., 27 July,
1685, by Stephen Fry.
INSCRIPTION ON WILLIAM STONE'S MONUMENT IN ST.
MICHAEL'S CHURCH, OXFORD.
GUILMS STONE, Dorsetensis LL. Bacc.
Eruditione, Judicio, Pietate eximius,
Ingenio vero supra fidem proecoci,
ut Juramenti suscipiendo nondum maturus,
Gradum Academicum, quern abunde meruit,
Differre cogeretur.
Egregiam hanc Adolescentiae solertiam.
Pari profectu ad Senectutem usque praestitit.
Et quamprimum per aetatem licuit,
Ecclesiae Winburnensi, loco natalitio.
summo cum Populi Desiderio praeficiebatur.
Gliscente jam bello civili, Perduellium injurijs opportunus,
In exercitum regium se recepit.
Ubi, per multos Labores, Damna, et Pericula,
Officio suo strenue functus est.
Succumbente tandem Causa optima, exteras Regiones,
Insigni Prudentiae et Doctrinae compendio, peregravit.
Post felicem Caroli 2di. reditum, Winiburnae suae restitutus est.
De amplioribus minime solicitus.
Dein, aetate morbisque ingravescentibus, Oxoniam remigrans.
Requiem qualem qualem in Nov. Hospit. Aulae praefectura quaesivit.
Ubi diu corpore infirmo conflictatus,
memoria tamen et judicio ad extremum vegetus.
Opes Egenis, animamq : Caelo, tradidit
X KAL. Vies, A.D. MDCLXXXV.
Aetatis LXX.
A DORSET WORTHY. 27
TRANSLATION OF THE INSCRIPTION.
Here lies William Stone, native of Dorset, Bachelor of Laws, dis-
tinguished for learning, judgment and piety, so precocious beyond
belief in true talent, that, not being as yet capable in age for taking
the oath, he was compelled to defer receiving the Academical degree
which was abundantly his due. The remarkable ability which he
displayed in his youth continued to advance even to old age. And
as soon as his age permitted he was appointed to preside over the
Church of Wimborne his native place, in satisfaction of the earnest
desire of the people. As the civil war increased, and he became in
danger of harm from the enemy, he betook himself to the Royal Army,
where through many labours, losses and dangers he strenuously
fulfilled his (ministerial) duty. When the good cause succumbed, he
travelled in foreign lands, with much advantage to himself in sagacity
and learning. After the happy return of Charles II. he was restored
to his own Wimborne, having no desire for further preferments. Then
as age and disease told upon him, he returned to Oxford, and found
some measure of repose in the Principalship of New Inn Hall. There,
after long affliction from bodily weakness, yet vigorous to the last in
memory and judgment, he bequeathed his wealth to the needy, and
(yielded up) his soul to heaven on the 22nd day of June, 1685, in the
70th year of his age.
in Dorset.
By the Rev. H. SHAEN SOLLY, M.A.
(Read 8th Dec., 1914.)
HE object of the present paper is not to discuss
any of the archaeological problems which
at present interest experts, or to advance
the boundary of their knowledge. For
such a task I am wholly incompetent.
But I find there are many people who
would like to know more of a great body
of definitely ascertained truth, who are
much interested in excursions to visit the
pre-historic remains with which Dorset is so richly endowed,
and who certainly might be interested in the collections
assembled at our Museums.
In dealing with prehistoric times we need a chronological
scale which will replace the chronology of history. Such a
scale is furnished by geology and gives us a basis of
unquestionable fact from which to start. The earliest rocks
known to geology are the Primary or Paleozoic, and
throughout the incalculable periods of time which these
EARLY MAN IN DORSET. 29
represent no trace of man has been or ever will be found.
The same is true of the Secondary rocks. Together, these
two eras may occupy, say, 100,000,000 years. Above these
come the Tertiary and Quarternary groups. The lowest of
the Tertiaries is known as the eocene, laid down before the
Alps and the Himalayas were raised up, and here also no
trace of man is found. Next in order come the oHgocene, the
miocene, and the pliocene. After this we reach the
Quarternary group, which is divided into the pleistocene and
recent periods.
In miocene times the climate here was tropical, in pliocene
it was temperate, and in the pleistocene period we have a
series of glacial epochs. From time to time remains are found
which are supposed to throw the origin of mankind as far
back as pliocene days, or even earlier. The " missing link,"
if ever found, will date from Tertiary times. The flints known
as " rostro-carinate " belong to the pliocene period and are
believed to be of human workmanship. But the matter is
still under discussion and does not specially concern us here.
The pleistocene period, however, with its glacial epochs
coincides with the paleolithic or Old Stone Age. It is
admitted that a mere animal never made a tool. Even the
highest of the anthropoid apes do not achieve this. When,
therefore, we come across flints which have been chipped
so as to be made serviceable as tools, and when this chipping
cannot be ascribed to the action of inanimate nature, we
accept such flint tools as proof of the existence of man. Now,
the beds of the pleistocene period abound with these tools,
which we describe as belonging to the Old Stone Age, and
henceforth we have another scale besides the geological one.
The Old Stone is succeeded by the New Stone Age, when
flints were polished as well as chipped ; then comes the Bronze
Age ; and lastly, the introduction of Iron leads us well into
historic times.
What do we know about these men who made these tools,
first of stone and then of metal 1 We have found a few of
the skulls of paleolithic man, and these show that he was
30 EARLY MAN IN DORSET.
long headed. His cranial capacity shows a distinctly human
I >rnin, though not of the highest order. The cranial capacity
of modern Europeans averages 1,500 cubic centimetres, of
Australian Bushmen it is 900, of the gorilla 500, but the
highest specimens of the lower classes overlap the lowest of
the class above.
Very Early Man is sometimes called the " River Drift
Man," because his flint implements are found in the high
level plateau gravels left by rivers which then flowed at a
level several hundred feet higher than their present channels,
thus indicating enormous denudation before the valleys
were scooped out as they are now. Somewhat later he is
known as the " Cave Man," because his remains are found in
the lower levels of the caves where he found shelter. Here,
again, is evidence of very great lapse of time, for these
paleolithic remains in caves are covered over with many feet
thickness of stalagmite which must have taken millenniums
to accumulate, and with other beds which in turn contain
the traces of later stages of human progress.
How did this very Early Man live ? Evidently by hunting.
There was a struggle for existence, man trying to escape
being eaten, and in one way or another finding enough to
eat. During the later Tertiaries, animals w r ere beginning
to be much the same as they are found now in various parts
of the world. For instance, the elephant was here in the
pliocene period, but with the cold of the pleistocene it was
replaced by the mammoth or hairy elephant, lately extinct,
but occasionally found frozen in Siberia. Of the co-
existence of man and mammoth we have interesting
evidence, viz., pieces of ivory on which man has engraved
a likeness, and a very good likeness, of the mammoth.
Paleolithic man, as represented by some of the races of this
period, was an artist, and striking evidence of this is furnished
by France. He may have believed that by means of his
drawings and carvings he could exercise a magical influence
over the animals which he hunted, and, perhaps, by which
he was hunted. If so, his work had a utilitarian object, but
EARLY MAN IN DORSET. 31
it also possesses much artistic merit. In other respects he
is not interesting. He had no pottery and no domestic
animals. He neither buried nor burned his dead, but
presumably left their bodies to be eaten by wild beasts. In
these two respects, his artistic capacity and his treatment
of the dead, he resembled the modern Esquimaux ; I do
not know if any other link of connection has been found.
It is a fact, and a striking one, that man, even if he existed
in the previous warm and temperate periods, did not come
to the front till the glacial epochs. In a warmer climate he
had less chance in the struggle for existence with the lower
animals. Perpetual snow and ice gave him his opportunity.
He could better adapt himself to the changes in outward
conditions. He clothed himself with the skins of the animals
he had slain. He learned to light a fire, probably by chipping
flints. So he proved himself the fittest to survive.
One of the chief points to realise in connection with the
pleistocene period is its enormous length, as measured by
years. Certainly it lasted for hundreds of thousands of
years, perhaps for a million. In the next place both altitude
and climate varied greatly. At one time Britain was
continental. At another time North Welsh mountains
2,000 feet high were sunk to sea level. There were true
glacial epochs, characterised by intense cold, and inter-
glacial epochs when the partial melting of snow and frozen
ground must have caused rapid denudation. I believe our
chalk downs owe their steep contours to the conditions
which prevailed when glaciers were retreating northward.
It must have been an uncomfortable land to inhabit, but
somehow man did manage to live in it and to make more
progress than he had made under less arduous conditions.
I have not found it easy to ascertain indisputable facts
about the earliest human bones found in Britain, but many
interesting discoveries have recently been made and have
given rise to no small amount of controversy.
The " earliest known Englishman " may be represented
by the skull found at Piltdown, Sussex. But there is an
32 EARLY MAN IN DORSET.
extraordinary difference of opinion in regard to the
reconstruction of this skull, one authority, Professor Keith,
making the brain occupy 1,600 cubic centimetres, as large
as that of a modern European ; another, Dr. Smith
Woodward, making it 1,100, only just human. Another
claimant to the title of our earliest countryman is the
" Ipswich " man, and a little later comes the " Galley Hill
Man.'" These remains were certainly discovered in
interglacial beds, but, of course, everything depends on these
remains belonging to the bed in which they are found and
not being interments of a later date. The utmost care is
taken to ascertain that the soil above is undisturbed, but
it is difficult to get evidence that satisfies everybody.
Here I must leave this introduction to my main subject
and come without further delay to Early Man in Dorset.
Let us see how his remains fit into the framework we have
constructed, and how we may understand the real interest
there is in the fresh discoveries and investigations that are
continually being made. River Drift implements, un-
questionably of pleistocene age, have been found at Dewlish
and at Hawkchurch, and that is all that Sir Bertram Windle
in his useful book, Remains of the Prehistoric Age in England,
gives us credit for. But the High Plateau gravels of East
Dorset are very rich in flint implements of a rude and early
type. Moreover, it is quite easy to find in these beds flints
which have been subjected to a long-continued action from
fire, and this can only have happened in connection with
human habitations. In the excursion of the Bournemouth
Natural Science Society on May 23, 1914, we at once found
these burnt flints in a gravel pit. Unfortunately none of
these finds can be said to be found in any definite horizon,
for the Plateau gravels are the deposit of huge floods which
have swept the materials down from higher levels and must
have shuffled them in this process like a pack of cards. An
extremely interesting find was lately made by two boys of
Sherborne School, let us hope within the borders of the
county, and exhibited when the South-Eastern Union of
EAELY MAN IN DORSET. 33
Scientific Societies held their Congress at Bournemouth.
This was a fragment of a horse's rib on which was a
paleolithic engraving of a horse's head, the second example,
only, of paleolithic pictorial art found in England.
Our county possesses no caves.
Did the glaciers of these glacial epochs extend as far
south as Dorset ? The orthodox teaching of the Geological
Survey and the principal textbooks say that they extended
no further than the valley of the Thames. This may be
true of great glaciers, several hundred feet thick ; but Dr.
Colley March has collected abundant evidence of the action
of snow and ice in Dorset, and this is now recognised by the
members of the Survey. We should further remember that
the glaciers would retreat and advance, as a series of epochs
would be distinguished by comparative mildness and greater
severity of climate ; and then we must use our imagination
to help us conceive what life must have been like in those
wild times, and how Early Man would find his hunting
grounds on the skirts of the glaciers and wander over the
lands of frost and thaw and flood.
THE NEW STONE AGE.
There does not seem to have been any violent transition
from the Old to the New Stone Age, but the latter is
comparatively short, lasting about 10,000 years, say, from
12,000 to 2,000 B.C. The principal race of men whom we
can now distinguish are allied to those of the Cromagnon
type, and, like them, they are long-headed. This, at least, is
true of the skulls found in Dorset, Wilts, and Gloucestershire.
But in North Wales another race of men, round-headed,
seem to have lived contemporaneously. Neolithic men
are not artistic, and have left no pictures. On the other
hand, they bury their dead, at any rate their great chieftains,
in what are known as Long Barrows, and they sometimes
place in the grave valuable tools which afford evidence of
their stage of civilization. They make pottery, and keep
34 EARLY MAN IN DORSET.
some domestic animals. When we say they polished their
implements, this does not mean that they did not continue
to use roughly chipped flints as well. Undoubtedly they
did this, and it is not always easy to assign a roughly
chipped implement to any definite period. What we can
say is that there is marked progress in the delicacy of the
manufacture of flint tools and weapons, and that these still
found a " market " long after the introduction of metals.
This was particularly the case with arrow heads. In the
Farnham museum there is a human vertebra with a flint
arrow head firmly fixed in the front. The deadly arrow
must have passed through the man's body and have been
arrested by the bone.
When art appears in later Neolithic days it furnishes
no representations of human or animal life, such as we
find in paleolithic times. Neolithic Art is geometrical
ornamentation. It is an imitation of thong work, basket
work, and other forms which the eye had been accustomed
to see and expected to see. A Neolithic cupped stone was
found in a barrow at Came, Dorset. Pottery is abundant,
but it is rough and made without the potter's wheel.
Potteries have been discovered in the New Forest, but they
may belong to the Bronze Age.
Dorset is well supplied with Long Barrows, the most
important being at Bere Regis, Chettle, Eastbury,
Gussage, Kingsdown, Badbury Rings, Litton Cheney,
Pimperne, Tarrant Hinton, and Worbarrow. In every
case a cell or hut was first built of the largest stones available.
Sometimes there is a central passage with cells on either
side. After one or more interments had taken place, a huge
mound of earth was heaped up over the whole. In some
localities, especially on sloping ground, the earth would in
course of time be washed away and nothing Isft but the
great stones, then called a "dolmen." Neolithic man is
in this way connected with the megalithic or great stone
monuments which are found not only in Europe, but over
North Africa , and as far afield as India and Japan. He reared
EARLY MAN IN DORSET. 35
the Stone Circles as temples of worship. Of these, Avebury
is by far the largest and also one of the oldest examples
in our own country. Stonehenge probably represents two
periods of erection. In its later grandeur it belongs to the
very end of the Stone Age, when Bronze was just beginning
to be used, about 2,000 B.C. In Dorset we have some fine
specimens of dolmens. There is one in ruins alongside the
Dorchester-Bridport Road, another known as " The grey
mare and her colts " is at Gorwell, Blackdown, and a third,
"The Two Gates " is on the disused Roman portion of the
road from Dorchester to Bridport. The " Helstone," above
Portesham, has been restored as a dolmen, but seems to
have been originally a round barrow. Other megalithic
remains in the county are " The Broad Stone," a fallen
menhir or pillar, near Winterbourne Abbas, " The
Harpstone," near Steeple, and another menhir near Kingston
Russell, the two latter being still upright. Then there are
small stone circles, the best known, perhaps, being " The
Nine Stones," near Winterbourne Abbas, and there are
similar remains at Osmington Hill, on Tenant Hill,
Kingston Russell, at Rempstone, and near Longbredy
Gate.
The county is abundantly supplied with " pit dwellings,"
and when the Ordnance Survey indicates a " British
Village," this generally means a Neolithic settlement,
especially if it is not situated within an entrenchment. It
is, however, quite possible that some of the Hill-top camps,
of which \ve shall speak directly, were begun by Neolithic
man, the ramparts being afterwards much strengthened
by his successors. We are safe in calling these camps
" British" and " pre-Roman," and undoubtedly the great
diggers belong to the Bronze Age ; more than this is mere
conjecture.
Finally, we may say of Neolithic man that he belonged
to the Mongoloid Division of the Human Family, and is
probably now represented by the Lapps of Northern
Europe.
36 EARLY MAN IN DORSET.
THE BRONZE AGE.
The Bronze Age begins about 2,000 B.C. and lasts till
about 600 B.C. The introduction of metals for tools is an
epoch-making event, and it soon led to enoimous further
improvements. The earliest tools were made of almost
pure copper, but tha art of alloying with tin led to the
production of an extremely hard bronze, capable of receiving
a very fine cutting edge, and the arts ot casting and forging
were developed to a high pitch of perfection. These arts
were practised by a new race of men. Their skulls show
that they were round headed. They were a taller, stronger,
more warlike race. Probably we can identify them at first
with the Iberians or Basques or Picts, and certainly we can
identify them later with the Celtic tribes of the Aryan Family.
They swept away the Neolithic Mongoloids with a
ruthlessness even greater than that which they themselves
experienced at the hands of later invaders. For more than
2,000 years they inhabit the land, and are the people we
know as Ancient Britons. The tribes inhabiting Dorset
\voiv called the Durotriges, a word meaning " The Dwellers
by the Water." They buried their dead in Round Barrows,
of which there are many hundreds in the county, more
particularly in the Ridgeway district, and it is convenient to
remember that long heads generally go with long barrows
and round heads with round barrows. Moreover, they
often, though not always, burned their dead before burial.
Clearly, they believed in some kind of immortality of the
soul rather than in a continued underground existence of
the body, as suggested by the cells in the Long Barrows.
They buried a man's best property with him, and so our
finds in Round Barrows are extremely rich. Our local
museums, especially at Dorchester and Farnham, contain
magnificent collections of such objects. Pottery is abundant
and better made than the Neolithic. But it is burnt in an
open fire, not in a kiln, is not properly glazed, and is made
without the aid of the potter's wheel. By far the most
EARLY MAN IN DORSET. 37
imposing remains of the Bronze Age are the Hill-top Camps.
In the county we have them at Abbotsbury, Badbury
Rings, Banbury Hill, Buckland Newton, Buzbury Rings,
Cattistock Castle, Cerne Abbas, Coneys Castle, Cranbourne
Chase (twelve, in Mr. Sumner's list, which, however,
includes some separately mentioned here), The Dungeon,
(Middlemarsh), Dudsbury, Eggardon Hill, Flowers Barrow,
Gallows Hill, Handley Hill, Hambledon Hill, Hod Hill,
Lambert's Castle, Maiden Castle, Minterne Magna, Morden
Heath, Nettlecombe Tout, Ower Heath, Pillesdon Pen,
Pimperne Down, Poundbury, Poorstock, Rawisbury, Ring's
Hill, South Lodge Camp, Spettisbury Rings, Shipton Beacon,
Woodbury Hill, Weatherbury, and Woolsbarrow. Here
is a fine list, every one of them worth a visit.
These places were essentially " Camps of Refuge." They
tell a tale of ruthless warfare, when it was necessary for men
and women to encounter any hardship, such as lack of water
and exposure to the bitterest weather, in order to save their
cattle and their own lives. Most of these Camps contain a
number of circular depressions indicating Pit dwellings.
Some of those on Eggardon Hill were explored by Dr. Colley
March and myself. We obtained leave to dig a trench right
across several of them, and everywhere found the same
general plan. There was originally a round hole fourteen
feet in diameter at the top and four feet and a half deep,
and beneath the floor was a quantity of rubble which served
for drainage and prevented the hole becoming a pond. A
full account of our explorations is given in Proceedings, Vol.
xxii., p. 28. Few objects of interest were found, and
nothing to show that the Camp was used for prolonged
residence.
The Art of the Bronze Age was a development of that
of the Neolithic, and consists in geometrical patterns which
may be traced back to the patterns originally made by
twisted thongs, basket-making, weaving, building with
boughs or trunks of trees, and so on. This subject is a very
large one, and I must leave it here.
38 EARLY MAN IN DORSET.
THE IRON AGE.
The introduction of Iron into Britain probably took place
about 600 B.C. and the use of the potter's wheel came in
about the same time. Mr. E. Torday, who has lately
published an interesting account of the negro tribes living
on the tributaries of the Congo and entirely unaffected by
European influence, found among them smiths well
acquainted with the arts of smelting and forging iron.
These arts have certainly been practised there for many
centuries, and it is conceivable that we owe to the African
negro the discovery how to make tools of iron.
The conquest of Britain by the Romans was contemplated
by Julius Caesar, who landed on this island in 55 and 54 B.C.,
the serious invasion began under Claudius in 43 A.D., and
the occupation of the country was completed by Agricola
in 84 A.D. The Hill-top Camps would, of course, be attacked
and captured by the Romans, and it is possible that the
strongest of them, Maiden Castle, which appears unfinished
on one side, really was unfinished when it was taken by the
invader. After capturing these forts the Romans would
take care that they never again became the strongholds of
an enemy, and in the great fortress on Hod Hill they made
a small inner Camp in one corner for their own garrison.
But this was quite exceptional. These Camps of Refuge
were not needed after the establishment of the Pax Romana.
Roman roads run near them, sometimes quite close to them,
but without running into them, as the roads run into
Silchester and wherever we have a town with a name
compounded of " castrum." The Romans placed their camps
on fairly level ground, where there was convenient access
to water and good pasture. These grew into our modern
towns, and the Romano-British settlements will be found,
as in London, buried many feet below the present surface.
There is, however, a district, largely in Dorset, which was
inhabited during the Iron Age far more densely than it is
now. This is Cranbourne Chase, the earthworks of which
EARLY MAN IN DORSET. 39
have lately been splendidly illustrated by Mr. Heyvvood
Sumner. In Shaftesbury we have a Hill-top town which has
lasted as such from Ancient British days till now, and there
are three villages, Ashmore, Whitsbury, and Woodyates,
which have a similar continuity of history. With these
exceptions, the Saxon conquerors of a later date abandoned
the British sites, whose remains, save for weathering and
agricultural operations, remain fairly intact. They show
that the wide and windswept downs of the Chase were a
sort of Metropolitan area for Southern Britain, the surface
being free from the swamp and tangled forest w r hich made
much of the country uninhabitable. The great explorer
of the Romano -British villages is, of course, the late General
Pitt-Rivers, whose monumental works must be studied by
all who care for the subject.
ROMAN ROADS belong to this period, and Dorset possesses
an extremely fine example in the Ackling Dyke. This name
is a corruption of Icknield, the name of the via which ran from
Norfolk to Sarum, and continued south to near Badbury
Rings, where it divides ; the eastern branch reaches the sea
at Hamworthy, the western goes by Bere Regis to Dorchester
and thence by Bridport to Exeter. The remains of the
Ackling Dyke where it crosses Cranborne Chase are most
instructive. Mr. Sumner gives us the following layers of
which it is built up. We find, beginning from the top (1)
surface mould, 5 inches ; (2) gravel with rounded pebbles,
6 inches ; (3) rammed chalk rubble, 6 inches ; (4) Tertiary
gravel, 10 inches ; (5) rammed chalk, 6 inches ; (6) a single
layer of nodular flints lying on the old surface line, the total
height from which to the top of the road was three feet.
Thus the road is built up in a way which suggests that the
thing most dreaded, even on these now dry downs, w r as
sw r amp. The width must have been considerably greater
than it is now, or it could not have been used as a road, at
any rate not for wheeled vehicles. The important Roman
station, Vindogladia, was on it, probably close by the village
of Woodyates.
40 EARLY MAN IN DORSET.
Many other dykes whose remains we can now trace may
have been thrown up merely as a protection against the
wind ; and the desire to secure such shelter will account for
the universal tendency to dig which has left such enduring
traces all over the Chase. " Grims Ditch " is thought to be
a tribal boundary, and other dykes and ditches represent
cattle enclosures.
The Romans were not generous in their treatment of their
British subjects ; no British names occur among those
holding office or exercising power. Little was done to train
them for self-defence. The Roman Legions were finally
withdrawn, in 418 A.D. according to Bede, to stem the tide
of Teutonic invasion, and soon the Britons were engaged in
a desperate struggle with these same invaders. That
struggle has left an indelible scar across Cranborne Chase
in Bokerly Dyke. This is a great intrenchment which rambles
in a most irregular and perplexing manner over the downs,
showing the sort of thing the Britons would do when deprived
of Roman supervision. No doubt it served its purpose as
a defence for a while. We hear of a great battle fought at
Mons Badonicus, which is almost certainly Badbury Rings.
This held back the Saxon from 520 till 552 A.D. But then
the tide of Saxon conquest rolled on, and with this I must
close my sketch of " Early Man in Dorset."
By W. RALPH G. BOND.
(Read IQth Feb., 1915.)
|T may come as a surprise to some members of
the Field Club to learn that all of them
have probably at some time or another
performed <nn act of magic, but I think
that if they will hear me out I can shew
them that such is the case.
I do not of course refer to the " Black
Arts " or to being in league with evil spirits
(these are only later elaborations of the
idea), but to plain, simple, primitive magic. To make my
meaning clearer, I will first explain what true magic is ; 1
will then glance at some of its more elaborate developments
in the Middle Ages to show, for the purposes of this paper,
what it is not ; lastly, I will mention a few harmless little
acts of magic in common use to-day, and leave members to
decide for themselves whether they can honestly say they
have never attempted an act of magic.
The faculty of imitation is firmly implanted in the human
mind, especially in that of primitive man, who, living under a
42 MAGIC.
vague and mistaken idea of his relationships with his sur-
roundings, falls easily into the error of thinking that he can
more or less control the forces of Nature by imitating the
result he desires ; in other words, he has only to set Nature
a pattern and she will probably follow it.
I must ask members to accept this view of the origin of
magic ; an enormous number of instances could be produced
in support of it, but I will content myself with one or two.
Certain living savages wishing to increase their herds and
flocks employ as shepherds the parents of twins, or even
entertain such persons in idleness in their villages. The
ewes, they believe, following the excellent example set before
them, will all produce twins. It will be remembered that
Jacob, having a strong personal interest in the production of
spotted calves by Laban's herds, gave the cows a pattern to
follow, in the belief, then no doubt general, that Nature
would imitate the example given to her.
It is not only animate Nature that is thus supposed to copy
a pattern set before her. A sailor becalmed, and wishing the
wind to blow, will screw up his lips and blow violently through
them, thus imitating the rushing of the wind and its shrieking
in the rigging, believing, or rather hoping, that the real thing
will follow. The expression " whistling for the wind " has
passed into a proverb, and, perhaps, some members already
stand self -convicted of plying the magic art as I have -here
interpreted it.
I must repeat that it seems certain that magic arose by a
confusion in the primitive mind of the relations of cause
and effect ; the sailor here unconsciously argues " when
there is a wind there is a whistling ; therefore, when there
is a whistling there will be a wind." From this simple logical
fallacy arises magic, and at first, as we have seen, it is innocent
enough, merely meant to stir up Nature to be a little more
generous with her favours.
But magic has its other side ; if in the above case parents
of twins set a good example to flocks it equally follows that
childless people must be banished from their midst, and if
MAGIC. 43
these unfortunate people must exercise their baleful
influence somewhere, it is surely better that they should do
so among one's enemies than among one's friends, so they
are sent to live in the next village.
Once the first step is taken on the downward path, how
rapid is the descent !
Not content with stopping the increase of one's enemies*
flocks by sending a childless person among them, one might
perhaps wish him worse ; one might, for instance, wish
that his heart might wither within him and that he might
die. Now the obvious way to destroy a person's heart is
to take one's hatchet and hack it out of him ; but obvious
ways are not always the best he might also have a hatchet
and hack first. Magic now, alas, debased from its primitive
harmlessness, affords one a way by w r hich one may achieve
the desired object at a distance and without detection.
Nothing is easier. Take the heart of a sheep or other
animal, stick it full of pins, and shrivel it over the fire Nature
is bound by the one simple law of magic to follo\v the example
set ; the heart of one's enemy will surely wither ; he may
be considered as dead. But no, there is a chance of escape
for him yet ! Charms, like Anarchist bombs, may go off
at the wrong moment and injure the wrong person. How
are we to make sure that Nature, in imitating us, will know
whom it is we mean to injure ? There are three ways. One
is to put one's charm near the person himself, so that Nature
may see the connection at once ; put it in the thatch of his
roof or up his chimney. This is only a fairly good way ; it
may be his dog or his aunt whose heart withers, all right in
its way, but not quite what one intended. The second way
is better, that is, to establish some actual connection between
the charm and its victim. Steal some of the clippings of his
hair, the pairings of his nails, or even remnants of his old
clothes, and put them in the charm. But the enemy may
outwit one yet ; supposing he burns or hides all these things ?
Many religions, in their struggles against this vicious form
of magic, instruct their devotees to burn, bury, or conceal
44 MAGIC.
the clippings of their hair, or, simpler still, not to clip it at all.
Millions of people to-day obey these instructions, though
many have forgotten why, and account for the habit by
saying that their hair and nails are part of their bodies and
will Ixj required of them on the day of Resurrection. The
third way of addressing your charm is exactly that which
one would employ with a letter, one writes the name and
address on the back. Judging by the analogy of the Post
Office one may surely hope that disaster will overwhelm one's
enemy by breakfast time the next day. But these enemies
are full of guile. He may have given a wrong name and
address. Most savages are very chary for this very reason
of telling their real names to strangers, and some have the
very good reason that they do not know them themselves.
Among some primitive tribes the artful parents whisper a
iic\\ -born baby's real name into its unreceptive ear, and then
give it a false one by which alone it is know r n for the rest of
its life. This shunts off the spells of ill-wishers on to the
wrong track, and if they hit the wrong man, that is his look
out.
We now see that this black form of magic is becoming more
and more intricate, so intricate indeed that the magician
himself does not understand half its meaning.
In this confusion of thought these mysterious hidden
names which the magician must be at such pains to discover,
may gradually become understood to have a power of their
own, such as " open sesame," or to be the names of powerful
and malevolent spirits who are bound to obey the wishes
of any man who is in possession of their secret.
Thus we get the Abracadabra, Rumpelstilskin type of
magic. I myself have seen in the Sudan a charm in the
n;imcs of Hosem Dosem and Brasem, meant to seal the eyes
and ears of myself and other officials to a fanatical rising
\\hich cost two of our number their lives.
Still further complications may arise : the magic name
that gives the control of an evil spirit into the hands of its
discoverer may become transfigured into the magic ring or
MAGIC. 45
magic lamp of Aladdin and his like, and may evolve and
lose its identity in the stone of the alchemist, the love
philtre, and the elixir of life.
But, with the introduction of evil spirits and all these
mystical forms of words and signs, even of the Devil himself,
we pass into a dark and awe-inspiring atmosphere of super-
natural terrors, far removed from the simple idea of giving
Nature a pattern and she will follow it.
It is this confused vision of mysticism and terror that
the word " magic " usually calls up, a vision that is apt to
obscure the simple conception of Nature as a mimic, which
I have so repeatedly insisted is the only " original and
genuine " kind of magic, and to which I shall now return.
The golden rule for magic is : Imitate the result you want,
and Nature will very likely follow your lead.
I have already mentioned the instance of seafaring people
whistling for the wind ; I will now give a few others. When
at meals knives become accidentally crossed, do not most
of us uncross them hastily lest knives should be crossed
in anger before the day is out ? This is not likely to happen
at the present day, but when everyone met for meals in the
common hall, when drink ran free, and when people ate with
knives meant for other purposes as well, our ancestors were
probably all too familiar with dangerous incidents of this
kind, and we perpetuate the habit of uncrossing knives
without remembering the reason.
When we make a stroke at billiards and our ball rolls
slowly and more slowly towards the red, it sometimes dawns
on us that it is going to miss it by a fraction of an inch.
Which of us, under these harassing circumstances, does not
twist his body into an agonizing contortion, trying to drag
his ball towards the one he aimed at ? It is not always
successful, but it seems to me to be a perfectly straight-
forward attempt at magic by imitating the swerve we wish
the ball to take. Those who do not play billiards have
probably observed a similar act on the croquet lawn or the
putting green. I will give another instance.
46 MAGIC.
When we have put our shilling on the favourite and we see
to our horror that a rank outsider has his nose in front, do
not some of us try to run alongside waving our hats towards
the winning post as though to sweep our horse along ?
That this is magic and not a meaningless expression of excite-
ment is shown by the fact that no one who valued his shilling
would wave his hat in the opposite direction. In village
sports, when the local champion is making the high jump
which will win or lose the event, his supporters will invariably
lift one leg to help him over, and if one watches a tug-of-war
the spectators sometimes seem to be working harder than
the pullers in trying to sway them.
When a singer has difficulty in reaching his top note do
we not feel, when the song is done, that our vocal cords ache
from the silent attempt to help him ? When we watch a
daring act on a high trapeze do we not clench our fingers to
our palms ? Mark Twain has told us that he crushed a piece
off the parapet of a cathedral when he thought a monkey
he was watching was going to miss his foothold.
When we see a horse slithering on a frozen road do we not
lean back to hold him up ? When we balance a stick on end ,
or build an unsteady house of cards, do we not stand back
with our feet apart and arms outstretched, steadying our
own balance ? We are imitating the perfect balance which
we hope for in our house of cards, and this is magic, though
why most of us stand with our mouths open I do not know.
Do we not sometimes tap the barometer to try and make it
jump up when we want the rain to stop ? The " magic "
idea may be a factor here, and I am not sure that it does not
underly the practice of faith curing, where it is urged that if
one behaves as if there was nothing the matter that dssirable
state of affairs will come to pass.
Do we not sometimes omit to water our gardens because
if we do it is sure to rain ? The savage would argue " If I
pour water out of a watering pot Nature will pour water out
of the sky," but with us who are more civilized it may not
be magic, it may sometimes be laziness.
MAGIC. 47
Of course, the wish to avoid walking under a ladder must
be due to some other cause than fear of magic, for we cannot
imagine that any member ever contemplates having to
stand under a high wooden structure with the unpleasant
addition of a rope round his neck.
I hope I have shown that if we put out of our mind the
absurd, mystical and supernatural debasements of the middle
ages, and only consider primitive magic, which I have here
defined as acting or imitating the desired result as a hint
to Nature, then we most of us in moments of excitement
attempt little harmless acts of magic such as I have here
described .
I hope that our members' efforts will always lead to the
desired results.
Augmentation
(1650*1660)
En 3Camt)ctl)
By EDW. ALEX. FRY.
PREFACE.
period of the Commonwealth in ecclesiastical
history is well known to be extremely deficient
in material upon which to work, and all our
county historians find difficulty in completing
their lists of incumbents from about 1640 to
1660. Upon enquiry at Lambeth Palace
Library I was informed by the Librarian, the
Rev. Claud Jenkins (whose courtesy and
willingness at all times to assist I wish particularly to
acknowledge), that the only satisfactory method of ascertain-
ing the names of the clergy during the above period was
to read through some 59 volumes known as "The
Augmentation Books " and extract all that related to
Dorset.
These volumes are the proceedings of the "Trustees for
Maintenance of Preaching Ministers," one of the many
Committees, Commissions, or bodies of men appointed
THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS. 49
during the Commonwealth to deal with ecclesiastical affairs.
Some of the books have indexes of places, upon which, how-
ever, not much reliance can be placed, but the majority
of them have none at all.
To understand thoroughly the work these Trustees did, it
is necessary to consult Dr. W. A. Shaw's most interesting
" History of the English Church during the Civil War and
under the Commonwealth, 1640-1660." (2 vols. Longman
and Co., 1900), which goes most exhaustively into ecclesias-
tical affairs during the period named.
After some two years' steady work on these " Augmentation
Books " at Lambeth, I transcribed in full all the entries
relating to Dorset, which I afterwards typed and forwarded
to the Hon. Secretary of the Field Club in order that he
might determine if they could be printed, and thus be
accessible to all interested in the subject. It was, however,
found that though most interesting, the greater part of the
Trustees' work w r as of too detailed a character for inclusion
in our Proceedings, and it was ultimately decided that, for
the present at all events, only two sections out of the seven
into which the 59 volumes of the Augmentation Books can
conveniently be divided, should be taken in hand, namely,
Section No. IV. dealing with the Approbations, Nominations,
and Admissions to Livings, and No. VI. dealing with the
Union or Division of Parishes.
These Augmentation Books are numbered 966 to 1021,
but are in no particular order, either chronological or under
subjects, and the first thing to be done was to compile a table
of subjects by which to ascertain their contents, and arrange
it as far as possible in chronological order under the various
subjects dealt with by the Trustees. The result of this
preliminary work is shewn in the classified and descriptive
arrangement here given of the various sections, in which
I was greatly assisted by Dr. Shaw's book previously
mentioned.
There is another important source of ecclesiastical infor-
mation collected also by direction of the Trustees, but not
50 THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
included in the Augmentation Books, namely, the " Survey
of Church Livings, 1650." The original Survey is at the
Public Record Office, but duplicates exist at Lambeth.
Hutchins made use of these duplicates, and under each
parish gave the gist of the answers made by the inhabitants
to the questions asked by the Commissioners, and, generally,
the ministers' names, so that it is not essential to print this
Survey again. Many more details, however, not given by
Hutchins, and the names of the six or eight inhabitants in
each parish signing the documents, are to be found in the
originals in the Public Record Office.
In conclusion, from one of the Augmentation Books in
Section I. containing Orders in Council, I have extracted
an interesting entry concerning John Wesley, the grand-
father of the celebrated founder of the Wesleyan community.
TABLE OF CONTENTS OF MSS. Nos. 966 to 1021
and 1027.
SECTION I.
No. VOL.
1 978 Orders for Augmentations made by the Trustees for
Maintenance of Ministers, in confirmation of previous
Orders made by themselves, the Committee of
Plundered Ministers, or the Committee for Refor-
mation of the Universities. 24 June 1650-4 June 1652
2 979 Ditto June 1650-July 1653
3 976 Ditto 1651-12 Oct 1653
Ditto 4 Feb 1652/3-16 Mch 1652/3
6 9 75 Ditto 1652/3-4 Jan 1653/4
Ditto 1654-14 Aug 1654
Ditto 9 Oct 1654-16 Nov 1656
Ditto 13 Nov 1656-3 Dec 1657
970 Ditto 18 Jan 1654/5-26 Dec 1656
10 1004 Ditto 11 Dec 1656-11 Jan 1658/9
Ditto 11 Dec 1657-24 Apl 1659
12 987 Ditto 26 Oct 1658-2 May 1660
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. 51
No. VOL.
13 1019 Tabular Lists of Augmentations, in Counties 1651-1652
(end)
14 981 Ditto about 1658
15 994 Ditto about 1658
16 992 Ditto, chronologically 1656-1658
17 1016 Report from the Trustees to the Protector on the state of
the Augmentations 9 Aug 1655
18 966 Orders of the Council as to Augmentations
3 Feb 1653/4-21 Dec 1655
19 977 Ditto 4 Jan 1655/6-30 Sep 1659
SECTION II.
20 969 Orders by the Trustees for payments of Salaries, Pensions,
Charities, &c 31 Jan 1650/1-18 Dec 1654
21 967 Ditto 23 Oct 1654-Dec 1656
SECTION III.
22 1005 Day Book of the Trustees, neatly written
5 Jan 1652/3-16 June 1654
23 1017
Ditto
26 Apl 1654-24 Aug 1654
24 1008
Ditto
19 Sept 1654-24 Jan 1655/6
25 980
Ditto
7 Aug 1657-17 Feb 1658/9
26 1019 Day Book
of the Trustees,
roughly written
(beginning)
7 Jan 1651/2-7 May 1652
27 1009
Ditto
26 Apl 1654-8 Aug 1654
28 1010
Ditto
11 Aug 1654-28 Dec 1654
28A 1021
Ditto
1 Jan 1654/5-25 Dec 1655
29 1012
Ditto
2 Oct 1657-19 Mch 1657/8
30 985
Ditto
26 Mch 1658-23 Dec 1658
31 1003
Ditto
31 Dec 1658-21 Oct 1659
SECTION IV
32 997 Certificates
of Approbation to Livings made by the Com-
missioners for Approbation of Public Preachers
28 Apl 1654-23 Mch 1654/5
33 996
Ditto
28 Mch 1655-4 Apl 1656
34 968
Ditto
3 July 1654-6 Mch 1659/60
35 983 Nominations to Livings made by the Trustees, addressed
to " The Commissioners for Approbation of Public
Preachers " or ' l To whom it may concern."
11 Dec 1654-Feb 1659/60
52 THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
No. VOL.
36 996A Admissions to Livings made by the Commissioners for
Approbation of Public Preachers 1656-1657
37 998 Ditto 25 Mch 1657-2 Apl 1658
38 999 Ditto 26 Mch 1658-4 May 1&59
SECTION V.
39 971 General Orders of the Trustees principally
concerning Tithes and Tenths 16 Oct 1654-17 Nov 1657
40 974 Ditto 24 Jan 1655/6-31 July 1657
41 989 Ditto 7 Mch 1657/8-11 May 1660
42 984 Tabular Lists of Tithes and Pensions, &c, of Bishops,
Deans and Dean and Chapter lands vested in the
Trustees, in counties No date
43 1002 Ditto in counties No date
44 1018 Tabular Returns made by the Trustees to the Barons of
the Exchequer of revenues and leases in being, of
Bishops, Deans and Dean & Chapter lands No date
45 1020 Tabular lists of Arrears of Tithes, in counties 25 Dec 1658
46 1013 Tabular lists of Leases 1656-1658
47 982 Tabular lists of Leases, in counties 25 March 1658
48 1014 Receipts and Deliveries of Bonds, &c, for Tithes and
Counterpart Leases 30 Jan 1655/6-9 May 1660
49 988 Orders and Instructions given by the Trustees to their
Receivers, Solicitors and other Officials as to their
duties 12 Oct 1654-17 Feb 1659/60
60 1011 Appointments of Receivers of Tenths
22 Jan 1654/5-11 Apl 1658
SECTION VI.
51 1000 Requests from the Trustees to the Commissioners of the
Great Seal for Certificates of Inquiries or Surveys for
the Union or Division of Parishes
16 July 1655-28 Apl 1659
52 990 Orders made by the Trustees for the Union or Division
of Parishes 20 May 1656-25 Jan 1658/9
63 991 Hearing of causes by the Trustees for the Union or Division
of Parishes and Orders thereupon
21 May 1655-24 Nov 1659
54 1015 Orders made by the Council at Whitehall confirming the
Union or Division of Parishes proposed by the
Trustees 8 May 1656-29 Jan 1658/9
55 1001 Tabular Returns of Inquisitions as to the Union or Division
of Parishes 1055-1659
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. 53
No. VOL. SECTION VII.
66 1006 Orders of the Propagators of the Gospel in Wales and the
Four Northern Counties Feb 1652/3
57 1007 Tabular statement of Tithes in Wales and the Four
Northern Counties No date
58 1027 Imperfect returns from Constables in Wales, giving infor-
mation as to the proceedings of the Commissioners
of the Court for Sequestration of Ministers and the
value of Livings, &c, in Wales 1650-1660
N.B. This last volume is not included in the usual series
of Augmentation Books, but is related in nature
to them.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FOREGOING
SEVEN SECTIONS.
SECTION I. Nos 1-19.
This contains the enquiries and orders of the Trustees concerning
augmentations to the poorer parishes, the scheme being to raise the
income to " a living wage," either from the endowments of richer
parishes or from the revenues of the Dean and Chapter lands, the five
volumes, containing tabular lists of such augmentations, were made
at different dates showing what progress had been made from time
to time. The last two volumes are orders of the Council, either
independently or in confirmation of the Trustees, relating to aug-
mentations.
SECTION II. Nos 20-21.
In this section are contained orders for payment of salaries to
officials &c and is principally administrative.
SECTION III. Nos 22-31.
This section is very important, and contains the Minute or Day
Books of the Trustees by which one can trace what was actually
discussed at their meetings. There are both roughly written and
neatly written books, but although covering practically the same
period of time not many of the entries roughly written appear in those
more carefully written, at least as regards Dorset.
The contents deal with every subject the Trustees had under their
supervision, such as augmentations, tithes, rents, leases, salaries of
officials, and, towards the end, the division or union of parishes.
The rough Minutes are notes of what took place, from which the
more neatly written entries were afterwards extended ; jotted down
often in such a contracted manner (evidently very hastily while the
54 THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
l.iiHiirss in hand was going on) that in many places it is next to
impossible to decipher them. These volumes took nearly as much
time to transcribe as all the others together, owing to the abbreviated
character of the writing.
The roughly written volumes, however, are particularly interesting
for the reason that in cases of leases, or of farming out the tithes, the
signatures of the lessee or farmer often appear, thus making the entry
itself the actual contract which was afterwards put into proper legal
form in the lease and counterpart. A case in point may be mentioned
(and I think the only one relating to Dorset), that of the lease of the
tithes of Ewerne Minster to Francis Fry, in No. 29, Vol. 1012 p. 10.
SECTION IV. Nos 32-38.
This section contains Certificates of Approbation to livings made
by the " Commissioners for Approbation of Public Preachers," and
is now printed in the following pages, together with the nominations
and admissions. The Certificates are important, since the applicant
for the living had to give the names of six or eight ministers, or others
who knew him personally, as sureties or referees. As in many instances
the addresses of these referees are given, they often afford a clue
whence the applicant came. A search in other counties w r ould pro-
bably reveal where a Dorset incumbent removed to, as, for instance,
in the cpse of John Mathew, No 32, Vol. 997, No. 741, certified 14 March
1654/5 to Semley, Wilts, by ministers at Dunhead, Wilts, and
Mapowder, Shroton, and Dorchester, Dorset, thus identifying him as
bein^ the same man who w r as certified as minister at Ashmore, Dorset,
in same volume No. 169 on June 6th 1654.
SECTION V. Nos 39-50.
This Section deals not only with the Tithes payable to Ministers,
but also with the Tenths (otherwise First Fruits) payable formerly to
the Hierarchy, but now to the Trustees who had usurped the property
of the Bishops, Deans, Deans and Chapters and similar ecclesiastical
bodies. In No. 44, Vol. 984 and No. 47, Vol. 982 these receipts are
arranged in Tabular form.
Special attention is drawn to No. 49, Vol. 988, in which are given the
instructions by the Trustees to their Receivers as to their duties and
the manner of collection of the Tenths, Rents and payment of
Augmentations, &c. A very fair idea of the whole work of the Trustees
may be gathered from a careful perusal of this interesting volume.
SECTION VI. Nos 51-55.
In this Section is shown an altogether different branch of the work
undertaken by the Trustees, namely, that of the Survey of Church
Livings.
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. 55
In 1650 a Commission was appointed to survey the whole country,
and 12 questions were asked as to the name of the Minister, income,
&c., and also whether the parish was fit to be divided or united to some
other parish. As stated in the Preface the original returns are at the
Public Record Office, but duplicates are at Lambeth. The return for
Dorset of this Committee forms one very large volume of 248 original
returns, and is far more complete than for any other county in
England.
It was not, however, till 1655-1658 that the Trustees (and in some
instances the Council) reported and decided upon a good many of the
more important cases submitted to them, as to the division or union
of certain parishes mentioned in this Survey, and the importance of
this Section fully equals in historic and personal interest those
containing the Augmentations and Admissions, &c.
SECTION VII. Nos 56-58.
This Section contains matter relating entirely to Wales and the Four
Northern Counties, and therefore there are no entries for Dorset.
SECTION IV.
CERTIFICATES OF APPROBATION.
No 32. Vol 997
No 9 WINFRITH NUBURGH, RECTORY and
WEST LULWORTH
Whitehall 29 April 1654
Know all men by these presents that the 19 April 1654
there was exhibited to the Commissioners for Approbation of
Public Preachers a presentation of Sebastian Pitfeild to ye
Rectory of Winfrith Nuburgh with ye Chappell of West
Lulworth in the county of Dorset, made to him by his High-
ness Oliver Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England,
&c.,the patron therof under his seale manuall, Together with
a Testimony in the behalf of the said Sebastian Pitfeild of
his holy and good conversation, Upon perusall and due
consideration of the premises and finding him to be a person
qualified as in and by the ordinance for such Approbation is
56 THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
required, The Commissioners above mentioned have adjudged
and approved the said Sebastian Pitfeild to be a fit person
to preach the Gospell, and have granted him admission and
doe admitt the said Sebastian Pitfeild to the said Rectory
of Winfrith Nuburgh with the Chappell of West Lulworth
in the said county, to bee full and perfect Possessor and
Incumbent thereof, And doe hereby signify to all persons
concerned therein that he is hereby instituted to the profitts
and perquisits and all Rights and dues incident and belong-
ing to ye said Rectory, as fully and effectually as if he had
been instituted and inducted according to any such lawes
and customes as have in this case formerly been made, had or
used in this Realm.
In witness whereof they have caused the Common Scale
to be hereunto affixed and the same to be attested by the
hand of the Register by His Highness in that behalfe
appointed.
Certified as aforesaid by Sir An. Ashley Coop. ; Walter
Burges, Minister of Buckland Rip. ; John Blaxton, Minister
of Osmington ; William Ben, Minister of Dorchester ;
Thomas Chapline ; Philip Lambe ; Hop. Sherrard, Minister
of Melcomb Bingham ; John Trotte ; John Galping, jun.
Presented ... April 1654.
No 23 EDMUNDSHAM, RECTORY
3 May 1654
William Ernie, M.A. Minister. Date of exhibition 25 April
1654 by Thomas Hussey Esq, patron.
Certified by Thomas Rivers of Wimborne Stast (sic) ;
John Straight of Stowre Paine ; Timothy Sacheverell of
Michaells Gussage ; William Hussey of Hinton Martell ;
Thomas Bragg of Horton ; William Strong.
Presented 18 October 1653.
No 88 CHARDSTOCKE, VICARAGE
18 May 1654
Richard Luce, clerk. Date of exhibition 18 May 1654, by
Richard Osborn, gent, patron.
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. 57
Note, the person scandalous and never admitted, papers
withdrawn.
No 104 LANGTON MATRAVERS, RECTORY
24 May 1654
Christopher Laurence, clerk. Date of exhibition 22 May
1654 by Sir Walter Erie, Knt. patron. Signed by Ch.
Lawrence, (himself).
Certified by Stanley Gower ; William Ben ; John Eyres of
Remscombe ; John Maynard ; Richard Browne.
Presented ... May 1653
No 126 WARMWELL, RECTORY
30 May 1654
Launcelott Smith, clerk, M.A. Date of exhibition 29 May
1654 by Thomas Trenchard, Esq, patron.
Certified by John Trenchard ; John Whitway ; John
Rawlinson.
Presented ... July 1653
No 169 ASHMORE, RECTORY
Whitehall 6 June 1654
John Mathew. Know all men by these presents that whereas
the Rectory of Ashmore in the county of Dorset is at present
under Sequestration and Mr. John Mathew ordered by the
Committee of the said county to be Publique Preacher there
and for his paynes to have the Tithes and Profitts and all
other dues and duties whatsoever to the said Rectory belong-
ing as by the said order doth further appeare, The Com-
missioners for Approbation of Publique Preachers being
thereunto desired on the behalfe of the said Mr. Mathew
and finding him qualified as in and by the Ordinance for
such approbation is required, Doe by these presents ratifie
confirme and allow the said Mr. Mathew to continue in the
said sequestered Rectory and to receive possess and enjoy
whatsoever rents profits or other incouragements is in the
.said Order of Sequestration settled upon him. In witness
whereof they have caused the Common Scale to be hereunto
58 THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
affixed and the same to be attested by the hand of the
Registrar.
Certified as aforesaid by Geo. Newton of Taunton ; Era.
Sourton of Honyton ; John Tyrling.
No date of presentation.
No 252 FARNEHAM, RECTORY
19 June 1654
John Chadwell, clerke. Date of exhibition 16 June 1654
made to him by the Keepers of the Liberty of England by
authority of Parliament the patrons thereof under the Great
Seal of England, together with a testimony of his holy and
good conversation. The Commissioners have approved &c.
Certified as aforesaid by Tim. Sacheverell of Tarrant
Hinton ; Nicholas Watts of Moorecritchell ; Henry Combe
of Tollard Royall ; Chr. Potecary of Farnham ; Hen. West
of Farneham ; Edward Hooper.
Presented 18 July 1653.
No 259 MIDDLE GUSSAGE, RECTORY
20 June 1654
Miles Crich. Know ye, &c. That whereas the Rectory of
Middle Gussage is and standeth sequestered from Frederick
Vaughan late Rector thereof And Mr. Miles Crich ordered
by the Committee of the said county to be Publique Preacher
there and for his paines to have the parsonage house and
gleablands and all the tithes rents &c. of said Rectory &c.
(same as Ashmore, No 169)
Certified as aforesaid by Ant. Ashley Coop. ; John Hanham ;
Nich. Watts of Moore Critchell ; Tim. Sacheverell of Tarrant
Hinton; Constant Jessop of Winhamer. (? Wimborne)
No 302 IBBERTON, RECTORY
23 June 1654
Edward Deare, clerke. Date of exhibition 27 June
1654 by Denzill Hollis, Esq, and the Lady Jane Covert his
wife and John Freake, Esq, the patrons.
Certified by William Buckner of Damerham South ; Ri.
Yardly; Ri. Hill; Hump. Ditton ; Gab. Sanger ; Thos.
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. 59
Rivers of Wimborn All Saints ; Wm. Hunt of Stratford
under the Castle ; Anth. Warton of Breamore ; John
Langley of West Tuderly.
Presented 25 May 1653
No 307 CHESILBORNE, RECTORY
23 June 1654
William Mullet, clerk. Date of exhibition 23 June 1654
by James Baker, gent, patron.
Certified by
The instrument never out.
No 312 NETHERBURY &
BEAMINSTER, VICARAGE
27 June 1654
Jerome Turner, clerk. Date of exhibition 27 June 1654
by His Highness Oliver Protector &c. patron.
Certified by Wm. Ben of Dorchester ; Jo. Bond ; Ri. Bury.
Presented
No 381 PRESTON, VICARAGE
22 July 1654
Thomas Home, clerk. Date of exhibition 22 July 1654
by John Alchron of London, gent, patron.
Certified by Samuel BredwelJ of Groombridge ; Wm.
Yeane (or Yeave) of Church Okely ; Randall Sanderson of
Wayhill ; Richard White of Worting ; Tho. Braithwaite of
Knights Enham ; Tho. Lowgh of Bramleigh ; Robt.
Blitheman of Everleigh ; Jeremiah Gosse of Heckfield ;
Andr. Dominick of Stratfield Say ; Wm. Dobson of West
Sherburne.
Presented 24 May 1653
No 382 TARRANT HINTON, RECTORY
22 July 1654
Timothy Sacheverall, clerk. Date of exhibition 18 July
1654 by Thomas Moore, Esq, patron.
Certified by Peter Ince of Dunhead ; John Strickland of
Edmund in Sarum ; Wm. Clifford of East Knoyle ; John
60 THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
Burges of Aisprington ; John Bulkley ; Tho. Grove ; Jo.
Whiteway ; Tho. Moore.
Presented October 1653
No 452 CHARBOROUGH, RECTORY &
MORDEN, VICARAGE
6 September 1654
Edward Bennett, clerk. Date of exhibition 6 September
1654 by Sir Walter Earle, Knt, patron.
Certified by Jacob Tomkins of Crewkerne ; Tho. Sprat
of Tallerton ; Chr. Lawrence of Langton ; Joseph Crabb of
Bemister ; John Strickland of Sarum ; John Grove of Morden ;
Fr. Fenly of Lyme.
Presented 28 July 1654
No 497 OWREMOINE, RECTORY
2 October 1654
William Waddon, clerk, M.A. Date of exhibition 27 Sept
1654 by the Chancellor, Masters and Schollars of the
University of Oxford, patrons.
Certified by Tho. Owen ; Tho. Brace ; Edw. Humberston ;
Edw. Paris ; John Wighwick ; Jo. Blagrave ; Hen. Cornish ;
John Conant ; Sym. Ford ; Chr. Fowler.
Presented 12 September 1654.
No 538 CERNE ABBAS, VICARAGE
3 November 1654
Samuel Watson, clerk. Date of exhibition 1 November
1654 by Denzell Holies, esq, and the Lady Jane Covert his
wife, patrons.
Certified by Peter Ince of Upper Donhead ; Nath. Webb
of Shaston ; Thos. Byles of Shaston, mercer ; J. Chaldecot
of Shaston ; Robert Nicholas of Sembly in Wilts.
Presented 2 October 1654
No 544 CHESSELBORNE, RECTORY
3 November 1654
John Peirce, clerk, M.A. Date of exhibition 3 November
1654 by Christopher Bennett, Dr of Phisicke, patron.
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. 61
(There are no names of persons certifying.)
Presented 20 September 1654
No 580 BUCKLAND RIPERS, RECTORY
22 November 1654
James Whetstones, clerk. Date of exhibition 22 Novem-
ber 1654 by Anne Clarke, widow, patron.
Certified by Paul Hood, nere Oxon ; Lawrence Pocock of
Bright Walton ; Edward Pocock of Chilrey ; Henry
Greetham of Embourne ; Charles Pettiplace (sic) ; John
Taylor ; John Barnard.
Presented 2 November 1654.
No 583 OWREMOINE, RECTORY
22 November 1654
Thomas Troyte. Date of exhibition 8 November 1654
by Oliver Lord Protector, patron.
Certified by William Ben, of Dorchester ; Jo. Loder of
Fordington ; Thos. Polwhele of Carlile ; John Wyllye ; Sam.
Mather, of Leth ; Ch. Howard ; Dennis Bond ; Geo. Marshall.
Presented 18 August 1654.
No 622 SHERBORNE, VICARAGE
22 December 1654
Roger Nicholls, clerke. Date of exhibition 22 December
1654 by Oliver Lord Protector, patron.
Certified by John Sacheverell of Pimperne ; Jos. Wyate
of Puddimore ; Hen. Albin of West Camel ; Thomas
Lambert of Sparkford ; Rich. Clopcot of South Cadbury ;
Wm. Parker of Bruton ; Robt. Walker of Compton.
Presented 20 November 1654.
No 658 BUCKLAND NEWTON, VICARAGE
19 January 1654/5
James Spering. Date of exhibition 19 January 1654/5
by Oliver Lord Protector, patron.
Certified by Oliver Sell ; Ph. Meadow ; Wm. Ben of
Dorchester.
Presented 16 January 1654/5
$> THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
No 661 TOULPUDDLE, VICARAGE
24 January 1654/5
Samuel Bragge, clerk. Date of exhibition 24 January
1654/5 by Dean and Chapter of Christchurch, Oxon,
patrons.
Certified by Wm. Ben, Stan. Gower, both of Dorchester ;
John Loder of Fordington ; Ri. Bury.
Presented 13 November 1654.
No 669 FRAMPTON, VICARAGE
31 January 1654/5
William Stone, clerk. Date of exhibition 31 January
1654/5 by John Browne, Esq, patron.
Certified by Dan. Bull of Withon (sic) ; Wm. Ben ; Jam.
Spering ; Ben. Way of Barkeing.
Presented 20 January 1654/5
No 676 CHARDSTOCK, VICARAGE
1 February 1654/5
Benjamin Mylls, clerk. Date of exhibition 31 January
1654/5 by John Bond, Master of the Hospital of the Savoy,
patron.
Certified by John Wakely ; John Glanvile ; Geo. Searle ;
Ri. Bovett.
Presented 2 April 1654.
No 707 POWERSTOCKE, VICARAGE &
CHAPEL of MILTON
21 February 1654/5
Jonas Paviot, clerke. Date of exhibition 21 February
1654/5 by John Bond, Master of the Savoy in the Strand,
Middx., patron.
Certified by Francis Bampfield of Rampisham ; Hugh
Gundry of Mapton ; Jos. Crabb of Bem'r (Beaminster) ;
John Pinny of Broadvvinsor.
Presented 20 February 1654/5
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. 63
No 721 CHILDOCKFORD, RECTORY,
UPPER and LOWER MOYTIE
28 February 1654/5
William Crabb, clerke. Date of exhibition 28 February
1654/5 by Oliver, Lord Protector, patron.
Certified by John Trenchard ; Jen. (sic) Turner of Nether-
bury ; Wm. Ben of Dorchester.
Presented 24 February 1654/5
No 33 Vol 996
No 95 BUCKLAND NEWTON, VICARAGE
30 May 1655
Mr. Thomas Hall. Date of exhibition 30 May 1655. Oliver,
Lord Protector, patron. Date of certificate 30 May 1655.
Certified by Stan. Gower and Wm Ben both of Dorchester ;
John Loder of Fordington ; Jo. Whitway ; John Bushrod ;
Presented 28 May 1655.
No 141 MELBURY ABBAS, RECTORY
between 4-11 July 1655
James Pope, clerk, M.A. Date of exhibition 20 May
1655 by William Hurman, gentleman, patron.
Certified by Jo. Chadwell of Farnham ; Nich. Watts of
Morecrichell ; Tim. Sacheverell of Tarant Hinton ; Jo.Mathew
of Ashmore.
No 147 CLIFTON MABANK, RECTORY
11 July 1655
Henry Dutton, clerk. Date of exhibition 11 Julie 1655
by Eliab Harvey, Esq, patron.
Certified by Wm. Smyth ; C. Burgess ; Jos. Barker of Pill.
No 178 FARRINGDON & CAME, RECTORIES
1 August 1655
Josuah Churchill, clerke. Date of exhibition 1 August
1655 by Robert Meller, Esq, patron.
Certified by Jo. Blaxton, sen, of Osmington ; Dan. Bull
of Wyke & Weymouth ; John Loder of Fordington.
Presented 8 May 1655.
64 THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
No 222 ST PETERS SHASTON, RECTORY
1 August 1655
Nathaniel Webb, clerk. Date of exhibition 16 May 165
by Rt Hon Philip, Earle of Pembroke & Montgomery, patron.
Certified by Peter Ince of Donhead Mary ; John Legg of
Dunhead Andrew ; William Clifford of East Knowle ; Tho.
Grove ; Tho. Byles ; J. Chaldecott. Presented 6 April 1655.
No 260 BROADWAY, RECTORY
28 September 1655
John Sweete, clerk. Date of exhibition 19 April 1655
by Andrew Buckler, gent, patron.
Certified by Phi. Lambe of Beere ; Jos. Crabb of Bemr
(Be mister) ; Wm. Sampson of Bradpole. Presented 11 April
1655.
No 324 WRAXALL, RECTORY
3 November 1655
Thomas Conway, clerk. Date of exhibition 3 November
1655 by John Bampfyld, Esq, patron.
Certified by Jos. Crabb of Bemister ; Hugh Gundry of
Maperton ; Fra . Bampfield of Rampisham ; Jer. Turner of
Netherbury ; Jo. Pinney of Broad winsor ; John Eaton of
Bridport. Presented 1 August 1654 and 3 November 1655.
No 328 COMPTON ABBAS, RECTORY
7 November 1655
Samuel Beadle, clerke. Date of exhibition 3 November
1655 by Walter Barnes, gent, patron.
Certified by Tho. Watson ; Edm. Calonny ; Gab. Somgar ;
Sim. Ashe ; John Fuller ; John Wells. Presented 1 October
1655.
No 363 BROADMA1NE, RECTORY
21 November 1655
Robert Locke, clerke. Date of exhibition 10 October
1655 by Richard Churchill, woolendraper and William
Locke, gent, patrons.
Certified by Henry Hartwell of Holwell ; Tho. Hallett of
Maypowder ; Jam. Spering. Presented 1 October 1655.
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. 65
CERTIFICATES OF APPROBATION (PROBABLY
JOHN NYE'S OWN REGISTER BOOK).
No 34. Vol. 968
Commences with To such person or persons as are
authorised to pay any Augmentation formerly settled upon
any preaching Minister.
General heading in this Volume is as follows :
The Commissioners appointed by an Ordinance of his
Highness ye Lord Protector with the advice of his Councill
for Approbation of Publick Preachers, do, in pursuance of
ye said Ordinance, approve of of ...
to be a person qualified to preach ye Gospel as in & by ye
said Ordinance is required, and therefore is fit to receive
such Augmentation as hath beene formerly settled upon
him or ye place where he preacheth. These are therefore
to signify unto you that are thereby required and authorized
to pay to ye said whatsoever by virtue of
any order ordinance or Acts of Parliament or Authority
derived thence is or shall be due upon ye accompt and his
acquittance being taken for ye same shall be your sufficient
discharge. In testimony whereof they have caused this
Approbacon to be entered and signed b^ ye Register there-
unto appointed.
Dated at Whitehall ye . ... day of ...
(The dates following are not strictly chronological).
p 11 MELCOMBE.
5 June 1654
The like for Mr George Thorne of Melcombe in the county
of Dorset. Jo Nye, Register.
p 13 WALDISH.
24 October 1655
The like for Mr Richard Squibb of Waldish co: Dorset.
p 13 WAREHAM
8 June 1654
The like to Mr Tho. Chaplin of Wareham co. Dorset.
66 THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
p 29 CERNE ABBAS
27 October 1654
The like for Mr Samuell Watson of Cerne Abbas in co,.
Dorset.
p 46 POOLE
20 May 1654
The like for Mr John Hodderlie of Poole in co. Dorset.
p 50 AFFPUDDLE
6 August 1656
The like to Mr Thomas Jacob of Affpuddle in co. Dorset.
p 53 AFFPUDDLE
27 August 1656
The like to Mr Thomas Jacob of Affpuddle in co. Dorset.
(This seems to be a duplicate of last, but date different.)
p 55 TURNERS PUDDLE
31 October (1656)
The like to Mr Robert Mayne of Turners Puddle co.
Dorset.
p 57 WALDISH
19 Sept. 1656
The like to Mr. Matthewes (sic) Walner of Waldish co.
Dorset.
p 76 BLANDFORD
30 May 1654
The like to Mr William Alien of Blandford.
p 84 POWERSTOCKE
21 February 1654/55
The like to Mr Jonas Paviott of Powerstocke in co. Dorset.
p 89 WINFRITH NUBURGH
19 Sept 1655
These may certifie yt Mr Sebastian Pitfield, Minister of
the Gospel at Winfrith Nuburgh in co. Dorset hath obtayned
ye approbation of ye Comrs for yt end appointed.
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. 67
p 93 SHASTON
23 January 1656/57
The like (i.e. as on page 1) to Mr. Thomas Hallett of Shaston
in co. Dorset.
p 94 DORCHESTER
21 October 1657
The like to Mr William Ben of Dorchester in co. Dorset.
p 97 SHERBORNE
28 April 1657
The like to Mr Francis Bampfeild of Sherborne in co. Dorset.
p 98 PUDDLETRENTHEAD
18 November 1657
Know all men by these presents that the 20th (sic) of Novem-
ber 1657 there was exhibited to the Comrs for approbacon
of Publique Preachers a pfitation of Benjamin Maber, clerk,
to the Vicarage of Puddle trenthead in the county of Dorset,
made to him by the Trustees for Maintenance of Ministers
ye patrons thereof together &c. Upon perusall &c. In
witness &c. Dated at Whitehall 18 Nov 1657 (ut Caldecott
p 36, where it is set out fuller).
p 102 FORDINGTON
31 October 1656
The like (i.e. as on page 1) to Mr Joshua Churchill of
Fordington co. Dorset.
p 112 MELCOMBE REGIS
1 June 1654
The like to Mr George Thome of Melcombe Regis in co.
Dorset. (This seems to be a duplicate of entry on p 11 but
date different).
p 112 CRAMBORNE
3 November 1654
The like to Mr Thomas Hustey (Anstey, elsewhere), of
Cranborne in co. Dorset.
68 THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
p 114 PRESTON & SUTTON POINTZ
3 March 1657/8
The like to Mr John Light of Preston & Button Pointz
co. Dorset.
p 115 CHARMOUTH
26 March 1658
The like to Mr Benjamin Bird of Charmouth co. Dorset.
p 123 FRAMPTON
31 January 1654/55
The like to Mr William Stone of Frampton in co. Dorset.
p 140 WARMEWELL
18 February 1658/59
These may certify whom it may concern yt ye 12 day of
November 1656 Mr Cuthbert Bound was approved and
admitted to the Rsctory ot Warmewell in ye county of Dorset
by ye Comrs of Approbacon of Publique Preachers upon a
presentation from Thomas Trenchard, Esq, the Patron.
NOMINATIONS TO LIVINGS.
No 35. Vol. 983
To the Commissioners for Approbation of Publique
Preachers 1654-1660
p 58 EWARNE
16 October 1657
To the Commissioners for approbation of Publique
Preachers, We, Wm. Steele, Lord Chancellor of Ireland,
Sir John Thorowgood, of Kensington, Knt, George Cowper,
Richard Yong, John Pocock, Ralph Hall, Richard Sydenham,
John Humfrey and Edward Cressett, Esqres, Trustees by
several Acts of Parliament for Maintenance of Ministers,
the true and undoubted patrons of ye Vicarage of the parish
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. 69
church of Ewarne in the co. of Dorset, now become void by
the cession of the last incumbent or any other way howsoever,
Have nominated and presented and by these presents doe
nominate, present and appoint John Morgan, Minister of
the Gospel, to the said Vicarage and church, praying that
the said John Morgan may be admitted to and settled in the
said Vicarage and church and vested with all the rights,
members and appurtenances thereof which we do hereby
conferre upon him and that it wo aid please you to do all
other things requisite and necessarie to be done in ye
premisses.
In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands and
seals this 16 day of October 1657.
p 68 PIDDLETRENTHEAD
17 November 1657
To the same from the same, appointing Benjamin Maber
to the Vicarage and Church of Piddletrenthead.
p 109 WINTERBORNE WHITCHURCH
29 June 1658
To the same from the same, appointing John Westly to
the church and vicarage of Winterborne Whitchurch.
p 123 MARSHWOOI) CHAPELRY
20 July 1658
To all to whom these presents shall come, We, William
Steele (and the others) greeting. Whereas the Rectory of
the parish church of Whitchurch co Dorset is vested in us
and the Chapel of Marshwood within the said parish is now
destitute of a Minister, Wee doe hereby constitute and
appoint Henry Bachaller, approved by the Com'tee &c,
Minister and Curate of the said Chapel and do authorize
and enjoyne him duely, carefully and diligently to preech
to and instruct the inhabitants of the said Chape Iry and give
order and conferre on him for his said service all houses,
stipends, salaries, pencons, &c, &c, to said Chapel belonging.
70 THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
ADMISSIONS TO LIVINGS.
[1656.]
No 36. Vol. 996A.
No 1 IBBERTON
26 March 1656
William Sutton, clerk, B.D. was admitted by the Com-
missioners for Approbation of Public Preachers, upon a
presentation from John Freke, Esq, and certificates of holy
and good conversation from Const. Jessop, minister of Wim-
borne ; Wm. Hussey of Hinton Martell ; Nic. Watts of
Moore Critchell ; Wm. Seymeur of Shroton ; James Dewey
Hil. Potticary.
No 30 OVER COMPTON als
COMPTON HAWEY
16 April 1656
Robert Bartlet, clerk, was admitted by the Comm. for
Approbation of Public Preachers upon a presentation from
John Abington, esq ; John Clement, clerk ; Thomas Clement,
clerk and Henry Hartwell, clerk, and certificates from Stanley
Grower ; Wm. Ben ; and Josh. Churchill of Came.
No 75 STEEPLETON
7 May 1656
James Lidford, clerk, was admitted by the Com. for
Approbation of Public Preachers upon a presentation exhibited
18 December 1655 from Thomas Fownes, Esq, patron and
certificates from (entry finishes thus).
No 87 WINTERBOURNE ABBAS
13 May 1656
John Stoodley, clerk, was admitted by the Com. for
Approbation of Public Preachers, upon a presentation
exhibited 25 April 1656 from Thomas Pelham, esq, patron and
certificates from Jo. Hardey of Simondsbury ; Hugh Gundry
of Maperton ; Jer. French of South Perrot ; Jos. Crabb of
Be mister ; Brigidius a Vianen of Abbotstoke ; Jo. Pinny of
Broad winsor.
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. 71
No 105 MELCOMBE REGIS WITH RAD1POLE
23 May 1656
George Thorne was admitted by the Com. for Approbation
of Public Preachers upon a presentation from Wadham
Windham, Esq, and certificates from Stanley Gower ; Wm.
Ben of Dorchester ; John Loder.
No 170 CATHERSTON LEWESTON
Between 21 & 25 June, 1656
John Bond, L.B. and Master of the Savoy Hospital, co.
Middx., was admitted by the Com. for Approbation of Public
Preachers on a presentation from Sir John Yonge, Knt.
exhibited 6 February 1655/56 and certificates from (entry
ends thus).
No 174 MINTERNE MAGNA
6 June 1656
William Howlet, clerk, was admitted to the sequestration
of Minterne Magna by the Com. for Approbation of Public
Preachers upon a nomination from Sir Gerard Naper, Knt. and
Bart, patron, and certificates from Wm Hussey of Hinton
Martell ; Thomas Rivers of Wimburne All Saints ; Gab.
Saywell of Pentridge ; John Legg of Dunhead in Wilts ;
Jo. Baker ; Rob. Alner ; J. Chaldecot.
No 344 WALDITCH
19 September 1656
Mr Matthias Walner was admitted by the Com. for Appro-
bation of Public Preachers upon an order from the Trustees
for the Maintsnance of Ministers, patrons, and certificates
from Wm. Sampson of Bradpole ; Wm. Barber of Shepton ;
Hen Butler ; Barth. Wesley of Allington.
No 481 FROME ST QUINTIN
24 November 1656
Benjamin Walters, clerk, was admitted by the Com. for
Approbation of Public Preachers upon a presentation from
His Highness the Lord Protector under the Great Seal, and
certificates from (entry ends thus).
72 THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
No 533 MAPOWDER
18 December 1656
John Chadwell, clerk, was admitted by the Com. for Appro-
bation of Public Preachers to the sequestration of Mapowder
upon a nomination from His Highness the Lord Protector
under the Great Seal of England, and certificates from Edw.
Hooper ; Robert Coker of Mawpowder ; Chris. Potticary ;
Nich. Watts of Moore Critchell ; Tim. Sacheverell of Tarrant
Hinton.
No 542 COMPTON ABBAS
19 December 1656
John Grove, clerk, was admitted by the Com. for Appro-
bation of Public Preachers on a presentation from Thomas
Petty, gent, patron, and certificates from Ric. Fairclough of
Mells ; Ric. Alleine of Batcombe ; Will. Parker of Brewton ;
John Derby of Abbas Combe.
No 552 ASHMORE
31 December 1656
Edward Northey, clerk, was admitted by the Com. for
Approbation of Public Preachers upon a presentation from
George Barber, gent, patron, and certificates from Humfrey
Chambers of Persley ; Obed. Wells of Alton ; William
Spinedge of Polshott ; Wm. Mayo ; Tho. Ringe.
No 571 POXWELL
9 January 1656/57
John Blaxton, clerk, was admitted by the Com. for Appro-
bation of Public Preachers to the sequestration of this Rectory
void by the ejection of Richard Filloll, upon a nomination
from Nathaniel Poole, Esq, as guardian of Henry Heming,
Esq. an infant, the patron, and certificates from Geo. Thome
of Melcombe ; Dan. Bull of Wyke ; Ed. Dammer of Garnsey.
No 602 SHASTON ST PETER
23 January 1656/57
Mr Thomas Hallet was admitted by the Com. for Appro-
bation of Public Preachers upon a presentation, exhibited
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. 73
3 January 1656/7 from Phillip Earl of Pembroke and
Montgomery, patron, and certificates from Constant Jessop
of Wimborne ; Dan. Bull of Waymouth ; John Eaton of
Bridport.
No 610 NETHERBURY and BEAMINSTER
28 January 1656/57
Mr Joseph Crabb was admitted by the Com. for Appro
bation of Public Preachers upon a presentation, exhibited
12 December 1655 (sic}, from His Highness the Lord Protector
under his seal manual. The said Joseph Crab was likewise
admitted the same day to the vicarage aforesaid upon a
presentation exhibited the 28 January 1656/57 from John
Strode, gent, patron, and certificates from (entry ends thus).
No 616 OBORNE
31 January 1656/57
Henry Byston, clerk, was admitted by the Com. for Appro-
bation of Public Preachers upon a presentation from His
Highness the Lord Protector under the Great Seal of England,
and certificates from Jo. Hildesley : John Warner of Christ-
church ; Jonath. Heskins of Fawley ; Walter Marshall of
Hurstley.
No 626 FARNHAM
6 February 1656/57
John Hull, clerk, was admitted by the Com. for
Approbation of Public Preachers upon a presentation from
His Highness the Lord Protector under the Great Seal of
England, and certificates from Peter Ince of Upper Dunhead ;
John Legg of Lower Dunhead ; Gabriel Sanger ; Tho. Grove.
ADMISSIONS TO LIVINGS.
No 37. Vol. 998
No 20 STURMINSTER (NEWTON)
8 April 1657
Mr John Du Perier admitted the 8th day of April 1657 to
ye Sequestration of Sturminster in ye co.of Dorset, sequestered
74 THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
from Mr Swayne upon a nomination from His Highness under
his seal manuall, and certificate from Phil. Godwyn of
Watford ; Th. Willis.
No 21 LANGTON LONG BLANDFORD
8 April 1657
Theophilus Woodnett, clerk. Admitted 8 April 1657 to
ye Rectory of Langton Long Blandford in the co. of Dorset
upon a presentation exhibited 1 October 1656 from John
Squibb, Esq, the patron, and certificates from Philip Lambe
of Beere ; Tho. Chaplyn of Wareham ; Robert Mayne of
Turners Piddle.
No 51 MAPOWDER
29 April 1657
John Chadwell, clerke, admitted 29 April 1657 to Rectory
of Mapowder. Presented by Robert Coker, and certificates
vide No 533, 1656. (See newly found book for 1656, 996A.)
No 55 SHERBORNE
28 April 1657
Francis Bampfield, clerk, admitted 28 April 1657 to
Vicarage of Sherborne. Presented by the Lord Protector,
and certificates from Stanley Gower ; Win. Ben ; Andrew
Bromhall ; Thos. Grove ; John White way.
No 171 BETTISCOMBE
24 June 1657
Isaac Clifford, clerk, admitted 24 June 1657 to the Rectory
of Bettiscombe. Presented by John Browne, Esq, and
certificates from Humfry Chambers ; Adoniram Byfeild ;
John Strickland ; Humfry Ditton ; Jo. Powell.
No 220 PULHAM
8 July 1657
Mr Thomas Gibons admitted 8 July 1657 to the Rectory
of Pulham. Presented by Thomas Henshaw of the Middle
Temple, patron, and certificates from Timothy Batt of
Creech ; John Hoare of Shene ; Ben. Way of Barking ; Wm.
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. 75
Gough of Malford Wells, Som ; Sam. Dix of Princes Ris-
borough.
No 236 RAMPISHAM
29 July 1657
Henry Glover, clerk, M.A. admitted 29 July 1657 to the
Rectory of Rampisham. Presented 22 July 1657 by John
Lea and Richard Masters, gents, patrons, and certificates
from Stanley Gower, of Dorchester ; Wm . Ben ; John
Loder.
No 276 CAME AND FARRINGDON
28 August 1657
Christopher Laurence, clerk, admitted 28 August 1657
to the Vicarage of Canne (sic) and Farringdon. Presented
11 March 1656/57 by Robert Meller, gent, patron, and
certificates from Wm. Ben ; Jo Loder ; Ri. Bury.
No 323 BUCKLAND NEWTON
2 October 1657
Mr John Weekes, admitted 2 October 1657 to the Vicarage
of Bucldand Newton, presented 2 September 1657 by the
Lord Protector, and certificates from Richard Alleine of Bat-
come ; Richard Faireclough of Mells ; Wm. Bene of
Dorchester.
No 396 IWERNE COURTNEY
11 November 1657
Henry Glover, clerk, admitted 11 November 1657 to the
Rectory of Iwerne Courtney. Presented 28 October 1657 by
Thomas Freke, Esq, Denzell Hollis, Esq and Dame Jane
Covert, the patrons, and certificates from Stanley Gower ;
Wm. Ben ; Robert Cheeke.
No 412 PIDDLETRENTHEAD
20 November 1657
Benj. Maber, clerk, admitted 20 November 1657 to the
Vicarage of Piddle trenthead. Presented same day by the
Trustees for Maintenance of Ministers, the patrons, and
76 THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
certificates from Stanley Gower ; Wm. Ben ; Edw. Poole of
East Compton ; Phil. Lamb of Beere Regis.
No 430 SHAPWICKE
27 November 1657
Thomas Butler, clerk, admitted 27 November 1657 to the
Vicarage of Shapwicke. Presented the same day by Thomas
Hussy and Richard Moore, Esqs, patrons, and certificates
from Jo. Galping of Durweston ; Simon Ford of Reading ;
Jo. Pitt of Blandford St. Mary ; Leo. Clotworthy of Tarrent
Keinston.
No 541 BINCOMBE
29 January 1657/58
Thomas Loads, clerk, admitted 29 January 1657/58 to the
Rectory of Bincombe. Presented 9 December 1657 by the
Master and Keeper of Caius College, Cambridge, and Fellows
thereof, and certificates from Edm. Cremer ; Tob. Pedder ;
Thos. Hodson ; Townesend Wilson of Congham ; Tho.
Hoogan of Lynne.
No 580 LANGTON MATRAVERS
18 February 1657/58
Mr John Braddon admitted 19 February 1657/58 to the
Rectory of Langton Matravers. Presented 12 February
1657/58 by Sir Walter Erie, Knt. patron, and certificates
from Tob. Garbrand ; Sam. Conant ; Jo. Conant ; James
Barren ; Fr. Ho well.
No 599 PRESTON & SUTTON POYNTZ
3 March 1657/58
Mr John Light. Admitted 3 March 1657/58 to the
Sequestration of the Vicarage of Preston & Sutton Poynts
being void by the ejection of ye .last incumbent thereof,
upon a nomination from Andrew Loader and Lawrence
Bayne, gents, patrons, and certificates from Sam. Smith ;
Jo. Loder ; Sam. Slater ; Ric. Kentish ; Tho. Hall ; Ri.
Kittelbuter.
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. 77
No 616 RAMPISHAM als RANSUM
12 March 1657/58
Thomas Craine, clerk, M.A. admitted 12 March 1657/58
to the Rectory of Rampisham. Presented 13 January 1657/58
by Copleston Bampfylde, Esq, patron, and certificates from
Edm. Staunton ; Chr. Rogers ; Dan. Greenwood ; Hen.
Cornish ; John Conant.
ADMISSIONS TO LIVINGS.
No 38. Vol. 999
No 8 WIMBORNE ST GILES
31 March 1658
John Highmore, clerk, admitted 31 March 1658 to the
Rectory of Wimborne St Giles in the county of Dorset, upon
a presentation exhibited the 23 March 1657 from Sir Anthony
Ashley Cooper, Bart., the patron, and certificates from
Anthony Ashley Cooper ; Jo. Bingham ; Alex. Arney ;
Constant Jessop of Wimborne ; Will. Hussey ; Tho.
Chaplyn of Warham.
No 28 HAMOONE
14 April 1658
Thomas Moore, clerk, admitted 14 April 1658 upon a
presentation exhibited 20 January 1657/58 from Thomas
Trenchard, Esq. the patron, and certificates from John
Hardey of Simondsbury ; John Eaton of Bridport ; Thos.
Hallet of Shaston.
No 33 WINTERBORNE MUNCKTON
21 April 1658
Richard Downe, clerk, admitted 21 April 1658 upon a
presentation exhibited 2 March 1657/58 from Sir John
Strangwayes, Knt, the patron, and certificates from John
Kerridge of Wotton ; Ames Short of L\me ; Joshua
Churchill of Fordington ; Jos. Crabb of Beaminster ; Jo.
Hodder of Hawkchurch.
78 THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
No 88 WYKE REGIS
21 May 1658
Mr Edward Dammer admitted 21 May 1658 upon a pre^
sentation exhibited 1 December 1657 from His Highness
the Lord Protector under his sign manuall, and certificates
from Geo. Thorne of Melcombe Regis ; Jo. Loder ; Hen.
Glover of Iwerne Courtney.
No 104 CANFORD MAGNAM
26 May 1658
James Lydford, clerk, M.A. admitted 26 May 1658 upon
a presentation exhibited the same day from Ralph Bankes,
Esq, the patron, and certificates from William Crabb of
Childockford ; Ri. West of Ockeford Shilling.
No 169 WINTERBORNE WHITCHURCH
30 June 1658
John Westley, clerk, admitted 30 June 1658 upon a
presentation exhibited same day from the Trustees for Main-
tenance of Ministers, the patrons, and certificates from Geo.
Thorne of Melcombe ; Tho. Chaplyn of Warham ; Wm Ben
of Dorchester.
No 176 HASELBURY BRIAN
30 June 1658
James Rawson, clerk, admitted 30 June 1658 upon a
presentation exhibited 19 August 1657 from Algernoun, Earl
of Northumberland, the patron, and certificates from John
Trottle ; Tho. Voysey ; Wm. Sutton of Iberton ; Philip
Lamb of Bere ; Sam. Bragg of Tolepudle ; Geo. King of
Puddletowne ; Tho Hallett of Shafton ; Robt. Moore ;
Hope Sherrard of Bingham Melcombe.
No 206 BEERE HACKWOOD
7 July 1658
Francis Murrall, clerk, admitted 7 July 1658 upon a pre-
sentation exhibited the same day from John Strode, gent.
the patron, and certificates from Ro. Laurence of Badgworth ;
James Forbes of Gloucester ; Edw. Fletcher of Badgenton ;
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. 79
Thos. Stephens of Side ; Anth. Palmer ; Corn. Holme ; Win.
Dickens of Notgrove.
No 225 LITCHET MATRAVERS
23 July 1658
Thomas Row, clerk, M.A. admitted 23 July 1658 upon a
presentation exhibited 4 June 1658 from Hannah Trenchard,
widow, ye patroness, and certificates from Wm Hussey of
Hinton Martell ; Tho. Tomkins of Sturminster Marshall ;
Edw. Bennett of Morden.
No 259 ALMER
25 August 1658
John Dore, clerk, admitted 25 August 1658 upon a
presentation exhibited 21 April 1658 from Edmund Butler,
the patron, and certificates from Hen. Way ; Thos. Chaplyn
of Ware ham ; Thos. Tomkins of Sturminster Marshall ;
Edw. Bennett of Morden ; Will. Hussey of Hinton Martell ;
Jo. Haddesley of Rochburne ; Wa. Erie.
No 269 COMPTON VALENCE
25 August 1658
Thos. Pelham, clerk, M.A. admitted 25 August 1658
upon a presentation exhibited 20 August 1658 from Tho.
Pelham, Esq, the patron, and certificates from Jo. Conant ;
Phil. Stephens ; Fr. Ho well ; Thos. Neast.
No 356 PENTRIDGE
20 October 1658
Richard Lloyd, clerk, admitted 20 October 1658 upon a
presentation exhibited the same day from His Highness
Richard Lord Protector under the Great Seal of England,
and certificates from John Ballam ; John Haddesley ; Ric.
Cressing of Fordenbridge ; Tho. Ansty of Cranborne.
No 419 HAMPRESTON
12 November 1658
John Colly, clerk, admitted 12 November 1658 upon a
presentation exhibited 11 November 1658 from Alexander
80 THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
Arney, gent, patron, and certificates from An. Ashley
Cooper ; Geo. Skutt ; Alex. Arney ; Wm. Hussey of Hinton
Martell ; Jo. Highmore of Winterbourne ; Jo. Trottlo of
Wimborne.
No 437 MARSHWOOD CHAPELL
19 November 1658
Mr Richard Wine admitted 19 November 1658 upon a
nomination exhibited the same day from the inhabitants of
the said chapelry, and certificates from Fr. Bampfylde ;
And. Bromhall ; Jo. Pinny ; Tho. Tomkins ; Wm. Parker of
Brewton ; Tho. Crame (? Craine).
No 497 MELBURY OSMOND &
MELBURY SAMPFORD
24 December 1658
Thomas Drante, clerk, admitted 24 December 1658 upon
a presentation exhibited 11 May 1658 from Sir John
Strangwayes, Knt. patron, and certificates from John Strode ;
James Mew ; Jos. Crabb of Beaminster ; Tho. Sansome ;
Wm. Sansome.
No 566 CHECKERELL
9 February 1658/59
Mr John Brice, admitted 8 February 1658/59 upon a
presentation exhibited 19 January 1658/59 from His Highness
Richard Lord Protector under his seal (sic) manuall, and
certificates from Geo. Thorne of Melcombe Regis ; Jo.
Blaxton of Osmington ; John Light of Preston and Sutton
Points.
No 658 WINTERBORNE STEEPLETON
9 March 1658/59
Gilbert Ironsyde, clerk, admitted 9 March 1658/59 upon
a presentation exhibited 4th of same month from Thomas
Gallop, gent, patron, and certificates from Dan. Estcot ; Jo.
Ball ; Tho. Spratt ; Phineas Bucy ; Tho. Wilkins ; Seth
Ward ; Josh. Crosse ; Nath. Bull ; Tho. Pooler ; Jo. Willis.
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. 81
ORDERS OF THE COUNCIL.
No 19. Vol. 977
p. 145. WINTERBORNE WHITCHURCH
3 November 1658
On the humble petition of Collonell John Bingham, shewing
that the Vicarage of Winterborne Whitchurch in co. Dorset
consisting of a numerous people is not above 20 p. ann.
value de claro, and that a minister being wanted for many
years, Mr. John Westley, who is presented a godly able
yong man is willing to bee a preacher there if he may have a
comfortable maintenance settled, Ordered by His Highness
the Lord Protector and the Council that it be recommended
to the Trustees for Maintenance of Ministers, to settle an
Augmentation of 40 p. ann. on the said place for the
Minister's better maintenance and encouragement and that
they take order for payment thereof accordingly.
Signed, Hen. Scovell, ck. of the Councell.
SECTION VI.
REQUESTS FROM THE TRUSTEES TO THE
COMMISSIONERS OF THE GREAT SEAL FOR SURVEYS
FOR UNION OR DIVISION OF PARISHES.
No 51. Vol. 1000
To the Right Honble the Lords Commissioners of the Great
Seal of England.
16 July 1655
May it please your Lo'pps,
We the Trustees for providing Maintenance for Preaching
Ministers and other pious uses appointed by an Act of Parlia-
ment intituled An Act for providing maintenance (and
incouragement, crossed out] for Preaching Ministers (and
for uniting of Parishes, Doe in pursuance, crossed out] and
82 THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
other pious uses, and by an Ordnance of His Highness the
Lord Protector and his Councell intituled An Ordnance for
the better maintenance and incouragement of Preaching
Ministers and for uniting of Parishes, Doe in pursuance of
the Trust in us reposed humbly present unto your Lordshipps
the names of such persons to whom commissions may bee
directed under the Great Seale of England to enquire after
the true values of all Ecclesiastical Benefices as well with
cure of souls as without cure, And what are fitt to bee united
and what divided and other the things by the said Act and
Ordinance particularly limited, Humbly desiring your
Lo'pps to issue commissions for that purpose under the Great
Seale to the said persons hereafter named respectively to
enquire within the several counties and places hereafter
likewise named and to certify the same according to the
tenor of the said Act and Ordinance :
(page 5) That is to say for the county of Dorset and
Towne and Count of Poole.
Sir Bolstroode Whitelock, T
Sir Thomas Withrington, Knt L rd * C 7 S f
John Lisle J Seal ot England
Henry Lawrence | L rd President of His
ness Councell
Sir Anthony Ashley Cowper
William Sydenham Esq
William LenthallEsq, Master The J " sticeS of Assize in
of the Rolls in the High
Court of Chancery
Edmund Prideaux I 1 * 8 Hi g hness Attorney
J General
Sir Walter Earle Knt John Squibb
John Bingham John Arthur
Dennis Bond Edward Butler
John Trenchard Robert Pelham
Roger Hill John Chafin Esqrs
Henry Henly Edward Chick
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY.
83
Francis Hollis
John Whiteway
Thomas Moore
John Bushrod
Walter Foy
James Dewy
John Browne
John Fitzjames of Lewson
John Tregonwell
John
John Whitewell
William Hussey
Roger Clavell
Elias Bond
Richard Bury
Thomas Gallop
John Lea
Jeremy Pitticary
George Skutt
William Thornhill
James Mew
John Ire of Purbeck
Francis Devenish of Gilling-
ham
Richard Lawrence of
Steepleton
John Bushrod of Dorchester
Richard Scovell, Towne Clerk
of Weymouth
John Hardy of Compton
Humprey Bugly of Nether
Cerne
James Baker, gents.
Given under our hands and seals this 16th day of July
In ye year of our Lord 1655
Jo. Thorowgood, John Pocock, Rich. Sydenham, Ra. Hal],
Rich. Yong, Jo Humfrey.
p. 9. To the Rt Hon the Lords Comm'rs.
May it please your Lordships,
Whereas a Commission under the Great Seal of England
upon a certificate bearing date 29 March in this present year
of 1655 humbly presented by these Trustees to the Lords
Comm'rs &c in pursuance of an Act of Parliament and An
Ordinance directed to the persons therein named to
enquire after the true yearly value of all ecclesiastical Benefices
in the County of Dorset and Towne and County of Poole and
which are fit to be united and which divided and other the
things in said Commission mentioned, which Commission
was made returnable on a day now past, And the said Com-
mission hath not been executed within the time limited, We,
therefore, the Trustees in the said Certificate mentioned do
84 THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
desire your Lordships that the said Commission may be
renewed and made returnable at such convenient time whereby
the same may be fully executed according to the purport
thereof.
Dated 22 November 1655
Signed, Jo. Thorowgood, &c,
p. 45. TOLLER PORCORUM, NETHERBURY
& BEAMINSTER
18 December 1657
To the Rt Hon the Lords Com'rs of the Great Seal.
May it please your Lordships
We the Trustees for providing Maintenance for Preaching
Ministers and other pious uses appointed by an Act of
Parliament intituled An Act for providing Maintenance, &c.
and An Ordinance intituled for better maintenance and en-
couragement of Preaching Ministers and for uniting of parishes,
continued and confirmed by an Act of this Parliament intituled
An Act and Declaration touching several Acts and Ordinances
made since 20 April 1653 and before 3 September 1654 and
other Acts, &c. Doe in pursuance of the trust in us reposed
humbly present unto your Lordships the names of such
persons to whom a Commission may be directed under the
Great Seale of England to enquire after the true yearlie value
of the Benefice of the parish churches of Toller Porcorum
and Netherbury and Beaminster in the county of Dorset
and the chapelries within the said parishes and the convenience
of dividing the said parishes and chapels or any of them or
any part of them and of uniting any or part of them to or
with the parishes of Compton Abbas and Toller Fratrum
or any other parish and other things, &c.
Humbly desiring your Lordships to issue a Commission to
the persons hereafter mentioned to enquire and certify
according to the tenour of the Act and Ordinance,
That is to say unto your Lordships and unto Henry
Lawrence, Lord President of the Council, William Lenthall,
Esq. Master of the Rolls, the Judges of Assize for county of
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. 85
Dorset, Edmund Prideaux, Attorney General, John Browne
the elder, John Michael, Robert Pelham, Edward Chick,
John Hurding, Walter Foye, Gregory Gibbs, Esquires, Philip
Stansby, Richard Scovill, John Daniel and James Barbour,
gents.
p. 58.
TOLLER FRATRUM, WINFORD EAGLE, COMPTON
ABBAS, TOLLER PORCORUM, NETHERBURY &
BEDMINSTER.
4 February 1657
Similar letter from the Trustees to the Commissioners
of the Great Seal to enquire the true yearly value of the above
places and the convenience of dividing Winford Eagle
from Toller Fratrum and of uniting Compton Abbas to
Winford Eagle.
Same names suggested as on p. 45.
p. 88. RAMPISHAM & WRAXALL
25 November 1658
Similar letter from the Trustees to the Lords Commissioners
to enquire into the true yearly value of above parishes.
Same names suggested as on p. 45.
(ORDERS) BY THE TRUSTEES FOR THE
BETTER MAINTENANCE AND INCOURAGEMENT OF
PREACHING MINISTERS AND FOR UNITING OF
PARISHES.
No. 52. Vol. 900
p. 74 OVER COMPTON & NETHER COMPTON
18 September 1657
Whereas the Rectory of Over Compton in the county -of
Dorset is of the 3 r early value of Three score pounds and the
Rectory ot Nether Compton in the same county is of the
86 THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
yearly value of Three score pounds and the said parishes are
near adjoining to each other and stand very convenient to
be united and made one entire parish as by a Survey thereof
taken by virtue of a commission under the Great Seale of
England in pursuance of an Act of Parliament intituled ' An
Act for providing maintenance for Preaching Ministers and
other pious uses' And of an Ordinance intituled ' An
Ordinance for the better maintenance and incouragement
of Preaching Ministers and for uniting of Parishes' appeareth
Therefore upon consideration had ot the said Survey and
hearing parties and councell on all sides thereupon
We, Wm. Steele, Lord Chancellor of Ireland, Sir John
Thorowgood of Kensington Knt., George Covvper, Richard
Yong, John Pococke, Ralph Hall, Richard Sydenham, John
Humfrey and Edward Cressett Esqs appointed by the said
Act and Ordinance Trustees for providing maintenance for
Preaching Ministers and for uniting of parishes continued
and confirmed by one other Act of Parliament intituled
' An Act and Declaration touching several Acts & Ordinances
made since the 20th April 1653 and before ye 3 September
1654' and other Acts &c
Doe adjudge itt fitt and accordingly order and declare by
and with the approbacon of His Highness the Lord Protector
and the Councell to us signified by Order with us remaining
bearing date the 27th day of August 1657 made upon our
Certificate in that behalf that the said parishes of Over
Compton and Nether Compton aforesaid bee and stand
united consolidated and made and they are hereby united
consolidated and made one intire parish And that there bee
from henceforth one Minister and Incumbent of the said
parishes soe united and consolidated endowed with and that
he shall have hold possess and enjoy the said rectories with
their appurtenances and all houses gleab lands tithes rents
duties profitts and emoluments of or belonging or of right
accustomed to belong or appertaine to the said rectories or
either of them or which have ben of right had received or
enjoyed by the ministers and incumbents of the said parish
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. 87
churches of Over Compton and Nether Compton aforesaid
or either of them.
And yt ye said premises bee held and from time to time
enjoyed by the minister and incumbent of the parish church
of Over Compton and Nether Compton united as aforesaid
and his successors for his and their maintenance and lively-
hood to be from time to time presented unto by the patrons
of Over Compton and Nether Compton aforesaid by turnes
and that the Patron of the said parish church of the Nether
Compton present the first turne
And yt the said parishes be deemed and adjudged one
intire parish according to the purport true intent and meaning
of the said Act and Ordinance, provided nevertheless that
this union shall not prejudice the interest and title of the
present incumbents of the said churches of Over Compton
and Nether Compton of and in the premises (if any be) during
their incumbences.
Given under our hands and scales the 18th day of
September in the year according to the computation used in
England, 1657.
Signed, Jo. Thorowgood, Ra. Hall, Ri. Sydenham, Jo.
Humfrey, Ri. Yong.
Acknowledged by the said Ralph Hall the 24th of September
1657 before me Doctor of Laws Master in Chancery in
Ordinary, Wm Harrison.
Inrolled in Chancery the 26th day of September in the
yeare within written by me
Humphrey Jaggard.
p. 209 HORTON AND KNOWLTON
/ 13 January 1657/58
Whereas there is witiiin the parish of Horton co Dorset
one chappell called the chappelry of Knowlton And whereas
the profitts of the Vicarage of the parish church of Horton
aforesaid arising within the said chappelry of Knowlton
aforesaid are of the yearly value of 56 and the residue
of the profits of the said Vicarage of Horton are of the yearly
88 THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
value of 4 And the said chapel Iry of Knowlton is but one
mile distant from the said parish of Horton and the said
chapellry standeth very fit and conveniently to be and
continue united unto the said psh As by an inquiry thereof
made by virtue of a Com'n under the Great Seal of England
in pursuance of an Act of Parliament intituled ' An Act for
providing maintenance for Preaching Ministers and other
pious uses' and of an Ordinance intituled ' An Ordinance
for the better maintenance and incouragement of Preaching
Ministers and for uniting of parishes', continued and con-
firmed by an Act of Parliament intituled ' An Act and
Declaration touching several Acts and Ordinances made
since the 20th April 1653 and before 3rd September 1654'
and other Acts &c appeareth
Now upon due consideration had of the inquisition aforesaid
and hearing parties and Councell on oil sides concerned
there unto
We, William Steele (and the others same as on p. 74)
Trustees appointed by the said Acts, &c Do adjudge it fit
and accordingly order by and with the approbation of His
Highness the Lord Protector by order dated 31 December
1657 that the said parish and chapell of Horton and Knowlton
be and continue united And we do further order and
appoint the parish church of Horton to be the meeting place
for the parish and chapelry to resort unto for publique worship,
And that there be one minister and incumbent to be from
time to time presented upon every avoidance by the patron
of the vicarage of Horton, And that the said minister &c
be endowed with all houses, gleab lands, tithes, rents, &c
belonging to said Vicarage arising within the limits of said
Chapelry And the said parish and Chapelry so united be
deemed one entire parish.
Dated 13 January 1657/8
Signed Jo. Thorogood, Edw. Cressett, Ra. Hall, John
Humphrey, Richard Yong.
Acknowledged the 17 September 1658.
Inrolled in Chancery 17 September 1658.
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. 89
HEARING OF CAUSES BY THE TRUSTEES FOR THE
UNION OR DIVISION OF PARISHES.
No 53. Vol. 991
p. 1 GILLINGHAM & MOTCOMBE
21 May 1655
Upon the humble petition of the parishioners of Motcombe,
co. Dorset, the Trustees have taken into consideration the
state of the said Town and convenience of dividing the same
from the parish church of Gillingham in said county, And
find that 3rd December 1646 the Committee for the county
of Dorset taking notice that the said Parish of Motcombe
had within it all kind of officers properly belonging to a
parish church and that time out of mind it hath had a parish
church with all church officers and rites belonging to a parish
church with sufficient Vicarage profitts for support of a
Minister there within itself, Ordered the Vicarage of Motcombe
to stand distinct and divided from Gillingham aforesaid
and the profitts of the Vicarage thereof to goe to ye mainten-
ance of the Vicar of Motcombe only for the time being and
not to the Vicar of Gillingham, Since when upon return made
by Com'rs for Survey of the values of Livings by virtue of
a Com'n issued under ye Great Seale of England bearing
date the 3rd April 1650, in pursuance of an Act of Parliament
for providing maintenance for Preaching Ministers and
other pious uses, It is certyfied that the church of Motcombe
is a reputed Chappell of Gillingham belonging to ye church
of Gillingham called ye Mother Church, And that the said
churches are two miles distant from each other, And that
the tithes of Motcomb belonging to the said Church are
worth about One hundred pounds a year, there being a
Vicarage house and curtilage belonging to the said church or
chappell of Motcombe, And that the said chappell of
Motcombe hath time out of mind had and used all parochiall
rites and customs and all church and civil officers belonging
to the same, distinct from Gillingham, and all parish duties
and payments for the service of the Commonwealth distinct
from any other place, And that Mr. Thomas Andre wes a
90 THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
godly and painfull preacher of the Gospell setled there by
the said Com'tee of the said county upon a due approbation
and hath bin for the space of fower years last past and more
the put (present) Minister there, And that the said Chappell is
vci-v fitt to bee made a distinct parish of itself, there being
noe other church or chappell nearer to it then the said Church
of Gillingham, the road thereunto from Motcombe in winter
season by reason of floods is unpassable And that there are
Five hundred hearers within the said Chappell And it is
further by the said Com'rs certified that Dr. Davenant is
incumbent of the said Church of Gillingham,
The Trustees upon due consideration had of the whole
cause and of the said Survey made concerning the said
division are fully satisfied of the convenience of dividing
the same from the said church of Gillingham and doe order
that the said church and chappell of Motcombe bee divided
severed and made distinct from the said church of Gillingham
and all tithes and profitts of the vicarage of Gillingham and
Motcombe arising within the Hamletts and Precincts of the
said towne and chappelry of Motcombe shall remain and bee
to the said Mr. Andrews and the Minister of Motcombe
aforesaid for the time being till good cause shall be shewn to
ye contrary before these Trustees. jjy
Jo. Thorogood, Edw. Cressett, Jo. Pocock, Ri. Sydenham,
Rich. Yong.
p. 3 GILLINGHAM, EASTOWER and WESTOWER
17 July 1655
The Trustees doe appont to heare parties on both sides
to ye petition of ye inhabitants of Gillingham, Eastower
& Westower in ye county of Dorsett for ye discharging of ye
order of ye 21th May last for ye dividing ye chapel of
Motcombe in ye said psh of Gillingham on the 1st day of
November next, whereof Mr. Andrews Minister of Motcombe
aforesaid is to have convenient notice for his shewing cause
to ye contrary on the said day.
Same Trustees' names.
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. 91
p. 8 MOTCOMBE AND GILLINGHAM
1 November 1655
Upon reading of ye order of ye 21 May last made for ye
dividing of ye Chappell of Motcombe co. Dorset from ye
parish of church of Gillingham in the same county until
cause was shown to the contrary and of the Order of His
Highness and Counsell of ye 31 May for confirmation
thereof, And upon reading of ye petition of ye inhabitants of
Gillingham Eastower & Westower and of the petition of
Dr. Davenant Vicar of Gillingham aforesaid against ye
said Order and hearing of which hath bin offered for ye
discharge thereof.
These Trustees think it fit notwithstanding what hath
been offered yt the said Chappellry of Motcombe should be
divided from the said psh church, But as to ye determining
of all differences between ye said Dr. and Mr Andrews Minister
of the said Chappellry and ye settling of a maintenance upon
ye said Mr Andrews out of said Vicarage during the said
Dr his incumbency.
It is ordered by consent of both parties that it be referred
to John Bulkly and Thomas Grove Esqrs who are desired
to heare all parties and to determine what allowance they
think fitt to be made to ye Minister of Motcombe aforesaid
during the said Dr his incumbency and to settle and
determine all differences between ye said Dr and ye said
Mr. Andrews and to certify the same by ye 20 December
next.
p. 14 GILLINGHAM AND MOTCOMBE
8 November 1655
These Trustees have taken into consideration ye order
of 1st November upon the motion of Mr Recorder of Councell
for the Pet'rs and do declare that the order of 21 May last
is no way strengthened or inforced by the order of 1 November,
but it is intended by the Trustees to let the same stand till
return be made by Mr. Bunckly (sic) and Mr Grove of the
matter to them referred.
92 THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
p. 22 GILLINGHAM AND MOTCOMBE
25 December 1655
There being no report upon the reference made by these
Trustees ye 1 November last for the accommodating ye
differences between Dr Davenant Vicar of Gillingham co
Dorset and Mr Andrews Minister of Motcombe in the parish
of Gillingham, the said referees mentioned not intermedling
therein, Mocon is made in behalfe of ye said Dr that a
convenient day may be given him till the next terme to be
heard concerning the said division.
Ordered in presence of both sides that the said Cause be
heard on ye 18 March next ensuing.
p. 39 GILLINGHAM & MOTCOMBE
14 February 1655/5G
Matter deferred till 15 May 1655 next.
p. 169 WINTERBORNE WHITCHURCH &
CLENSTONE
17 December 1656
Ordered that the said parishes be united according to the
Survey returned in that behalfe, unless good cause be shewn
to the contrary before these Trustees on 3rd February next
whereof the patrons, incumbents and pshioners of the said
pshes are to have 30 days notice.
p. 172 OVER COMPTON & NETHER COMPTON.
27 December 1656
Ordered that the above parishes be united according to
the Survey returned in that behalfe unless good cause be
shewn to the contrary on 3 February next, 30 days notice
to be given.
p. 198 OVER COMPTON & NETHER COMPTON
25 February 1656/57
Above postponed to 15 April next.
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. 93
p. 215 OVER COMPTON & NETHER COMPTON
16 April 1657
Whereas the Rectory of Over Compton co Dorset is of
the yearly value of 60 and the Rectory of Nether Compton
is of the yearly value of 60 and the said pshes are near
adjoining, as by a Survey thereof taken by virtue of a Gom'n
under the Great Seale in pursuance of an Act of Parliament
called " An Act for providing Maintenance for Preaching
Ministers," and of an Ordnance of His Highness dated 2
September 1654 called " An Ordinance for the better Mainten-
ance & encouragement of Preaching Ministers and Uniting
of Parishes," appeareth
Therefore ... we think fit that they be united &
consolidated &c and that the Church of Over Compton be
the meeting place for the inhabitants of both parishes, and
that there be henceforth one Minister for the two parishes
and that he shall have, hold, possess and enjoy the said
Rectories and all their houses, gleab lands, tithes, rents &c
. . . . And that the rector to be presented from time
to time by the patrons in turns, Nether Compton to have
the first presentation on next voidance.
p. 226 KNOWLTON IN HORTON & KNOWLE
HILL
18 June 1657
Ordered that the chappel of Knolton in psh of Horton
and a farm called Knowle Hill in the parish of Lidling (sic)
be united to the parish of Horton and that the parish church
of Horton be the meeting place, according to a Survey made
thereof, unless good cause be shewn to the contrary on 29
October next, 30 days notice to be given.
p. 346 WOODFORD & MORTON
23 October 1657
Ordered that the parishes of Woodford and Morton be
united and made one parish according to a Survey made,
unless good cause be shewn to the contrary on 8 December
next. 30 days notice to be given.
94 THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
p. 354 MORTON & KNOWLTON
3 November 1657
Whereas there is in the parish of Horton a chappelry
called Knowlton, and whereas the profits of Horton Vicarage
arising in said chappelry amount to 56 and the residue
of the profits of the said Vicarage are of the yearly value of
4 And the chapelry of Knolton is but one mile distant
from Horton and stands very fit to be united with Horton,
as by a Survey made &c We think fit that the Chapel of
Knowlton be united with Horton and that the church of
Horton be the meeting place .... and that there
be one Minister ...... (Nothing said about the
presentation) .
p. 449 CERNE ABBAS & UPCERNE
9 July 1658
Ordered that the above parishes be united according to
the inquisition returned in that behalf, unless good cause
be shown to the contrary on 9 November next, 30 days
notice to patrons &c to be given.
p. 483 CERNE ABBAS & UPCERNE
9 November 1658
Upon hearing what hath been offered against the uniting
of above parishes, It is ordered that the Com'rs by whom the
inquisition was made do inform themselves of the distance
between the parish of Upcerne and the parish church of
Cerne Abbas and the passableness of the way and number
of families in each parish and report by the 7th December
next.
p. 546 SH ASTON PETERS & RUMBALD
23 February 1658/9
The cause coming to hearing concerning the uniting of
above parishes, it is alleged by Mr Newman on behalf of the
parishoners of Rumbald, opponents to the said union, that
they will (including the present maintenance) secure 100
a year for a Minister at Shafton Rumbald, and therefore
pray it may not be united to Shafton Peter.
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. 95
Ordered that the said parishoners have time till 12 May
next to settle 100 p arm for the use of said Minister, and
that it be referred to the parishoners of both parishes to
endeavour an accommodation among themselves.
p. 565 SH ASTON PETERS & RUMBALD
15 April 1659
Mr Newman in pursuance of the order of 23 February,
presents two conditions of bonds either of which he prays the
Trustees would accept in order to the settlement of 100 p.
ami. on the Minister of Rumbalds, It is ordered that the
Trustees take such security as their Counsell shall advise.
p. 575 KNOLTON & HORTON
24 November 1659
Whereas by colour of uniting of the above parishes the
Trustees are informed that there is an endeavour to pull
down the parish church or chappel of Knolton and dispose
of the materials, The Trustees do declare that they have
given no order or direction for the pulling down of said church
or chappel and alienation of the materials and do refer it
to the church-wardens of Knolton to take special care that
the said church or chappel be not demolished and the materials
kept safe and unombeziled till farther orders and that Tristram
Ford and Randolf Miller of Knolton aforesaid be desired to
be assistant to ye said churchwardens in execution thereof.
ORDERS MADE BY THE COUNCIL AT WHITEHALL.
No. 54. Vol. 1015.
p. 20 OVER COMPTON AND NETHER COMPTON.
Thursday 27 August 1657
Att the Council att Whitehall.
Whereas the Trustees for the better maintenance and
encouragement of Preaching Ministers and for the uniting
of parishes have by their several Certificates certified to His
96 THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
Highness and ye Councell for their approbation the several
unions hereafter mentioned vizt
Of the parishes of Over Compton and Nether Compton
in co Dorset (Among others in other counties)
His Highness ye Lord Protector and ye Councell doe
approve of the said several unions and confirm the same in
all things according to the purport and true meaning of ye
said respective Certificates.
(signed) Henry Scobell, Ck of the Councell.
p. 25 HORTON AND KNOLTON
Thursday 31 December 1657
Att the Councell att Whitehall.
Similar confirmation of the Trustees Certificate for the
union of Horton and Knolton,
(signed) W. Jessop, Ck of the Councell.
TABULAR STATEMENT OF THE UNION AND DIVISION
OF PARISHES.
No. 55. Vol. 1001.
Divided into 3 Columns. 1st for the Parish, 2nd for the
Hamlets and their distance from the parish church, 3rd for
remarks as to the desirability or otherwise of their union or
separation.
GILLINGHAM.
2. Mottcombe chapel 2 miles. 3. Mottcombe is a fit
place for a parish church of itself.
2. Milton chapel decayed and it is 1 mile distant. 3.
Milton chapel is a fit place to be made a parish church for
Milton and Preston.
SILTON.
2. Burton. 3. Silton is very fit to have Burton a hamlet
of Gillingham united to it.
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. 97
2. Eastover and Westover chapels of ease to Gillingham.
2. Mottcombe. 3. Mottcombe though a chapel to
Gillingham hath antiently had all parochial rights and is
very fit to be made a parish church of itself, the church
standing very commodiously.
WIMBORNE ST. GILES.
3. No need of uniting or dividing.
ST. PETERS, SHASTON & RUMBALLS, SHASTON
3. These parishes, the churches being but about one fur-
long asunder, are fit to be united. The church of Rumbald
may fitly be demolished and the material will be sufficient
to enlarge ye parish church of Peters.
SHASTON, TRINITY.
3. Noe chapell to be united to it.
ANDERSON.
3. The church is about 3 furlongs from Tompson church
and of the same tithing (?).
TOMPSON.
3. It is desired it may continue by itself.
ALMER.
3. Noe chapel in it and but one church which is greatly
in decay.
SPEXSBURY AND CHARLTON-
3. Char! ton is distant from Spexsbury neere a mile, is
convenient to be annexed to any other.
CHETLE.
3. Noe chappel in it.
MONCTON TARRANT.
3. It hath a church and chappie belonging to it very near
scituate and already united being not 8 furlongs from the
church.
98 THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
MARY IN BLANDFORD.
3. Noe chapel belonging to it nor is it scituate for union
or division.
WHITCHURCH.
3. Not fit for any other union or division.
TARRANT RAWSON.
3. blank.
BLOXWICH.
3. Noe church fit to be united to it.
YEWRENE MINSTER.
2. Five chappells, Haneley, Gussage, Hinton Mary,
Margaret Marsh, East Orchard.
3. East Orchard chappell called Hargrove chappell is
3 miles from its parish church, and ye inhabitants of Hargrove
next adjoining to it (and) is in distance from the other above
2 miles from its parish of Fontmell and have no chappell
of their owne and therefore fitt to be united to East Orchard.
There is no need of building any new church or Chapel there.
CANN.
3. Unfit to be united or divided,
GUSSAGE.
3. The chapel of Gussage fit to be made a parish there
belonging to it the inhabitants of Gussage, Minchington and
Deane.
FONTMELL MAG.
3. Ther belongeth to ye said parish West Orchard chapel
abou* 3 miles distant.
COMPTON ABBAS.
3. Not proper to be united to any other.
(WEST ORCHARD).
3. West Orchard chapel is of great necessity to be made a
parish church because of the height of waters in winter time
betwixt it and Fontmell the mother church.
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. 99
HAMWORTHY CHAPEL.
3. Fit to be united to the parish of Poole.
LITCHETT MINSTER & STURMINSTER
MARSHALL.
2. Corffe Mullen and Hamworthy. 3. Hamworthy united
to Sturminster Marshall.
CANFORD MAGNA.
2. Two churches in ye parish distance 3 miles. 3. These
2 not fit to be united. Kingston Church in ye said parish
fit to be made a parish church.
BEARE REGIS.
2. Winter borne Kingston. 3. Beare Regis fit to be
separated from Kingston and Kingston chapel made a parish
church, and the inhabitants of Turners Puddle joined to
Beare Regis and ye inhabitants of Anderston annexed (?) to
Kingston.
GUSSAGE ALL SAINTS.
2. Monnington 4 (miles), tithe in it 14.
KNOWLETON & HORTON.
3. Knowleton church is conveniently seated for ye inhabit-
ants of Woodland & Knowlton and unfit to be united to
Horton church.
LONGTON IN PURBECKE.
2. Noe chappell in it. 3. The parish church standeth
in a convenient place.
SAMICH (SWANWICH).
3. Unfit to be united to other.
STOCKWOOD.
3. Fit to be united to Chetnoll wch is the desire of the
inhabitants.
100 THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
WINTERBOURNE HARRINGTON.
3. Winterbourne Harrington is distant from Winterbourne
Came not above 3 furlongs and therefore fitt to be united;
RADIPOOLE.
3. Formerly united to Melcombe Regis but whether fit
to be made a parish is submitted, but they desire not to be
constrained to go to any other church.
LADY ST. MARYES, ST. MICHAELS, ST. PETERS.
(WAREHAM).
2. All ye inhabitants doe meete at Lady Church every
Lords day in the morning, and Trinity church and Martins
is but 3 furlongs off from Lady church, to which they also
resort in the morning.
TRINITY CHURCH IN WAREHAM.
2. Arne chapel 3 miles. 3. Trinity church is the fittest
church in Wareham to heare 2 sermons a day because here
the people can best heare the word of God. It is desired
that Arne may have 2 sermons a Sabbath day.
ST. MARTIN'S IN WARAMM.
3. Not fit to be annexed to any other church for reason
expressed in the Commission.
CRANBOURNE.
2. Three chapels in it, Alderholt, Muncton Upwimbourne,
Boveridge. 3. The fittest of these chappells to make a
parish church is Alderholt and except Alderholt noe other
complaint or occasion of deviding.
TARRANT LAUNSTON.
3. The parish of Launston was formerly united to Tarrant
Muncton and the Vicar of it did serve the cure at Muncton,
but it is fit to be made and continue a parish church of itself.
BLANDFORD FORUM.
3. Bryanstone is the next adjacent parish to it, whose
small church standeth halfe a mile from Blandford and is
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. 101
without any Minister, it consists but of 7 cottages and 3
tenements very near to Blandford, and the family of the
manor house hath a burying place in Blandford.
GUSSAGE ST. MICHAELS.
2. Sutton 4 miles. 3. Sutton is fit to be united to Edmond-
sham, the tithe of it is 4 0.
HORTON.
2. Knowlton chappell. 3. Kiiowlton chappell is fitt to
be united to Horton, the greatest part of the inhabitants
being as farr from the chappell as from the parish church.
CRAFORD PARVA.
3. It is not above 4 furlongs from Kynston and is united
to it by order of the Committee.
WIMBOURNE MINISTRE.
2. Holt chappell 2 miles. 3. Holt chappell being
frequented by a large congregation is fit to have a Minister
of its own.
FROOME VAUCHURCH.
3. It cannot be united to any other church by reason of
the waters, but Crompton and Notton belonging to Newton,
come to our church when the waters are up.
RAMPISHAM.
3. Wraxall fit to be united to it.
WEEK REGIS.
2. Waymouth Chapel. 3. The chapel in Waymouth
demolished by the warres, it is fit to be made a parish in
case the State will rebuild the chapel or erect another church
or else that Waymouth and Melcombe Regis may be united
and made one parish, and the church of Melcombe made
bigger and the ground and buildings called the Ferry neare
adjoining to the church be made a burying place in case the
lord Arrundell and Richard Uvedale, who lay claim to it,
doe consent.
102 THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
HERMITAGE.
3. There is a village called Hartly neare to Hermitage
may be united to it, the tithe being 800, and Hillwill in
the parish of Sumerland (sic) being 3 miles from it and but
a mile from Hermitage, may also be united to it, the profits
being 14 0.
PUNCKNOWLE.
3. Antiently it hath had a parish church united to it and
it is unfit to be united to any other.
SWIRE.
3. Whereas there is 6 p ann paid out of the farme of
Banvicke unto the chapel of St Lukes in the possession of
Mr Symes, it is desired that it may be united to Swire.
PORTSHAM.
3. A chappell at Gorton belonging to it, but noe use hath
been made of it this 60 years.
WEST KNIGHTON.
2. East Stovere (East Stafford), Ewewele (Lewell). 3. Two
chappells of Fryer Maine and Little Mayne fitt to be annexed
to the parish church.
BROADMAYES (BROADMAYNE).
3. The Chapel above mentioned, usually ye inhabitants
of them come to Broadmayes church, whether fit to be united
to it is left to the wisdom of the Parliament.
BURLSTON.
3. It is situated within 3 furlongs of Athelhampston a
parochiall presentative chappell and hath under the gift of
the same Patron, and in case there be a uniting of Parishes
these 2 are fit to be united.
TOLEPUDLE.
3. Burleston not halfe a mile distant from it may con-
veniently be united to it.
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. 103
PUDDLES TONERE.
2. Walterstone chappel. 3. Fit to be continewed to it.
SHEPTON.
2. Upper Sterthill & Broad Stertill. 3. Shepton is very
meet to be severed from the parish of Burton and to be entire
of itself e, the way between them being impassable in the
winter.
POORESTOCKE.
3. Witherston is a village adjoyning to Poorestocke and
the inhabitants do joyne in all duties to church &c, now they
desire a moity of Witherston, being a sine cure, may be added
to Poorestocke and the other moity to Mylton if devided
from Poorestocke.
WEST MILTON.
3. The inhabitants desire to have it made a parish.
NETHERBURY.
3. Mangerton of noe necessity to be continued a chappell,
but fitt to be annexed to Netherbury. Beaminster, formerly
a chappell to Netherbury, fitt to be of itself a parish church.
CHARMOUTH.
3. It is desired that Chatherston may be continued to
Charmouth as now it is by order of Committee of the county.
GABRIELS, a chapel in WHITCHURCH.
3. They desire to be made a parish church in regard of the
distance and difficulty of access to any other church.
WHITCHURCH.
3. Three chappells in it, Cheydocks, Marshwood and
Gabriells are fitt to be made parishes.
SOUTH PERROT.
3. A chappell in Mosteren in the parish of South Perrot
fit to be continued.
104 THE AUGMENTATION BOOKS
GODMASTON.
3. Nether Cerne and Godmerston fit to be united, not
above a third of a mile distant from each other.
MINTERNE MAGNA.
3. Little Minterne in the parish of Buckland is so near
adjoining that it is fit to be annexed to Minterne Magna.
NETHER CERNE.
3. Godmanstone is within a third of a mile and fitt to be
united to it.
HILLFIELD CHAPPELL.
3. Desires to be united to the parish church of Batcombe
about a mile distant.
MARGARET MARSH.
3. Chappell of East Orchard may be united to Margaret
Marsh.
STURMINSTER NEWTON CASTLE.
3. A chappell in the parrish fit to be continued to it, in
the hundred of Cranbourne.
BUCKLAND.
3. Plush, chappell to Buckland, it is desired it may be a
parish of itself and some course taken to prevent the utter
wasting and demolishing of the Vicarage by Mr. Ridout.
LEIGH.
3. One chappell (Chetnoll) in it is not fit to be united to
it because it is 2 miles distant.
YEATMINSTER.
3. Four chappells in it, Leigh, Chetnoll, Rime, Clifton,
fit to be united still to the parish church.
MELBURY BUBB.
3. The chappell of Woolcombe Matravers is fit to be made
a parish church.
IN LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY. 105
OLD (OVER) COMPTON.
3. It is situate neare to Nether Compton and fit to be
united.
CANDLE BPS.
3. The chappell in Caundle Marsh distant about a mile
from Candle Bps, the uniting of them is left to them that
are authority.
CAUNDLE PURSE.
3. A chappell named Goatehill belonging to it, very fit
to be united to it.
KINGTON MAGNA.
3. Some part of this parish lyes very inconveniently and
releif is desired.
EASTOVER.
3. No convenient passadge betwixt Eastower and Westower.
SILTON.
3. Burton desires to be united to it.
TODBURGH.
3. It is desired that Thornton may be joyned to Todbea-re.
P)cnolo0ical Bqport on Jfirst
of iBiris, Insects, $
Jfirst jflotocrin0 of
IN DORSET DURING 1914.
By W. PARKINSON CURTIS, F.E.S.
N the year 1913 report (Vol. XXXV.) there crept m
an error for which I must accept responsibility.
I thought that the first column of the previous
table to the report meant " Earliest previous
record," but it really represents the earliest
record for 1912, so that the comparison between
the dates is only a comparison between 1912
and 1913. I have, however, this year been
through the previous records appearing in our Proceedings,
and the first column now represents the earliest date
previously recorded in our volumes.
There is one other error requiring correction on p. 195.
I have inadvertently transferred Captain Farquharson, R.N.,
to the sister service. Mr. Richardson's records were intended
for Phylloscopus minor and not P. trochilus, but got misplaced
in transcribing my MSS.
In some instances a usual immigrant has wintered or
summered in the country ; where there is no doubt I have
inserted " has been known to winter."
The names (arranged alphabetically) of those who have
sent returns are as follows ; the initials prefixed in brackets
to the names designate the responsibility for the record in
the notes hereafter.
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 107
(E.H.C.) E. Barker Curtis )
/TT7 T^ ^1 \ TTT T 1 /N . ' }~
(W.P.C.) W. Parkinson Curtis )
(W.H.D.) Rev. W. Hughes D'Acth, Buckhorn Weston
Rectory, Wincanton.
(S.E.V.F.) Rev.S.E.V.Filleul,AllSaintsRectory,Dorchester.
(R.D.G.) R. D. Good, Dorchester.
(J.M.J.F.) Rev. Canon J. M. J. Fletcher, The Vicarage,
Wimborne Minster.
(E.F.L.) Rev. E. F. Linton, Edmondsham Rectory,
Dorset (post town, Salisbury).
(F.G.L.M.) Col. F. G. L. Mainwaring, Wabey House, Upvvey,
Dorchester (partial return).
(G.R.P.) G. R. Peck, Mustoii Manor, Puddle town,
Dorchester.
(N.M.R.) Nelson M. Richardson, Monte Video, near
Weymouth.
(E.S.R.) E. S/Rodd, Chardstock House, Chard.
( J.R.) The Rev. J. Ridley, Pulham Rectory , Dorchester.
(E.E.W.) Miss Ellen E. Woodhouse, Chilmore, Ansty,
Dorchester.
Some of the observers have made reference to the Great
War in which Europe is unhappily involved, and as a minor
effect it has certainly militated against the making of
observations in the latter half of the year. It does not,
however, seem to be a matter falling within the, scope of these
notes, however largely it may bulk in the lives and fortunes
of the natives of Dorset, whose inhabitants have, in accord-
ance with immemorial tradition, borne their share of the
conflict with their accustomed valour.
MAMMALS.
Meles taxus (The Badger).
Footprints observed in Bere Wood. 1 March (W.P.C.
and E.H.C.)
NOTE. I regret to say that the Rev. W. Hughes D'Aeth has died
during the year, and therefore this is the last time the Club will have
the benefit of his observations.
108 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
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FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 109
i*
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Dorchester
and District.
S. E. V. F.
: : : i : : :
o song, call note, N nest, D' departure, H has wintered, * that the date of a
arlier, and the date of departure later than any previous record in Dorset.
The Stations are arranged as near as may be from East to West.
(W.P.C. & E.H.C.). (2) It is difficult to know whether the observers record a fev
;e note Vol. xxxv.. p. 185, for a winter occurrence. (5) See Vol. xxxv., p. 190, for
Full song. (9) Saw swallows in Devon (Torbay), Oct. 30 (J.K.). (10) At Winiri
Four eggs. (15) 6 eggs (full clutch, Ed.). (16) Verwood, reported by E.F.L.'s g
(18) Certainly here long before, but it is impossible to be in two places at once,
P C.). (19) E.H.C. iormed the opinion that a bird had a nest on Apl. 6, but cc
p to fully fledged young. (21) Bird in possession of E. H. Curtis. (22) I am conv
le Stock Dove, or else to an escaped Turtur risorim or T. decipiens, and not to T.
e.
J3
: : : : : : :
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: : : : : : :
fi
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A arrival, S song, and where n
nesting is e
(1) We were very little in Berewood this yeai
distinction is made between the two races. (4) Si
first seen this winter. (7) A very late date. (8)
Dorcnester. (13) Eggs partially incubated. (14)
Wareham. (17) In Marley Wood, near Lulworth.
columns must be to some extent read together (W
nest with full clutch on May 2. (20) In all stages i
p. 213 of Vol. xxxiv. related to Columba aeneas, t
(24) Witchainpton. (25) Wareham. (26) Swanag
Ifl^l
Hill
C- ~
"p/H. "o 'P- ci ~o ** ^ *cli ~ *cL O t* B 3 "p. ^*
Name of Bird.
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^ o
<D E> *~ &
ill ll Jl llll 11 lii 1
305 .2= SP^ ^fis^a B a*s|
1 ^ IT I JTjT | H ^ rH > "
110 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
BIRDS.
Coccothraustes coccothraustes (The Hawfinch).
A pair feeding at my windows 13th January 1914. Pulhain
(J.R.)
Ligurinus (Moris (The Greenfinch).
Although not a Dorsetshire note, as the nest in question
was in the sister county of Hants, the following observations
on this bird, made whilst sitting in a bird tent for photo-
graphic purposes, may be of interest.
June 5. 10.45a.m. Got settled down.
11. Hen arrived, she fed young, which are
very small, by regurgitating something
that she had evidently swallowed.
As regurgitated it was a white pappy
mixture that seemed to be like chewed-up
grain. She then ate the excrement of
the young birds and took a soiled feather
out of the nest, and stayed brooding.
11.8 She left the nest.
12.10 Hen came back ; she fed the young by
regurgitation and was quite five minutes
over it, giving each bird a regular meal.
The hen always entered the nest from
the back of the hedge, and did so slowly
and deliberately.
12.20 Hen came back ; she fed the young
again and further rearranged the nest
lining, and then left.
I was absent from 12.30 to 2.30. At 2.37 the cock arrived,
fed the young birds, looked carefully round the nest and
then departed.
At 2.55 the hen arrived, fed the young birds, and carefully
looked round the nest for excrement, which she ate with
avidity.
I left the nest at 3.45, up to which time neither parent
had returned.
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. Ill
June 6th 1 again visited the nest at 10.30 a.m.
10.35 Cock fed young and ate the excreta.
10.45 The hen came and fed the young
with the same white pappy substance ;
she also ate some excrement.
11.20 The young birds got very impatient
for their parents' return and craned up
with their mouths wide open. One of
the young birds only was then able to see;
its eyes had opened that morning.
11.35 The cock bird returned and fed the
young and cleaned the nest, taking the
excreta away and dropping it. The hen
arrived almost immediately and fed the
young, made a search for excreta, which
she found and ate.
12.20 The hen returned, but I was busy
with plate changing.
12.25 The cock returned and fed the young,
and at 12.30 I left the nest (W.P.C.)
Fringilla coelebs (The Chaffinch).
On April 26 this bird was nesting abundantly round Can-
ford.
On May 3rd we found a nest and eggs, which was destroyed
the next day, presumably by a Jay.
On May 10 an unfinished nest and a bird sitting.
On May 15 a bird sitting 5 eggs. (W.P.C. and E.H.C.)
Carduelis carduelis (The Goldfinch).
At Pulbam, singing on February 18th. Flocking on
August 15th at least 30 on my lawn (J.ll.)
At Chapman's Pool on Sept. 24 we noted a flock of between
20 and 30 in company with migrants. (W.P.C. and
E.H.C.)
On the Downs near Cranborne, on September 13th we
noted a flock 200 strong and very tame, feeding on the seeds
of Cnicus acaulis. and another flock 50 strong. (W.P.C.
and E.H.C.)
112 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
Passer domesticus (The Common Sparrow).
7th May, 1914. A specimen seen at Bournemouth
that was entirely dove grey in coloration.
(E.H.C.)
Emleriza citrineUa (The Yellow Hammer).
Although this is really a Hants observation, the following
notes may be of interest.
31st May Found a nest with four young pitched
at the bottom of a stunted sloe bush in
rank grass (mostly Nardus stricta}. The
nest was made of rank grass and lined
with fine grass only, no hair of any
kind. The young birds were partially
feathered.
June 1st, 11.30 I went into my hiding tent about
10 feet from the nest.
At 11.30 cock bird arrived with a beetle and removed the
excreta. The young suffered from the bright sun, as 1 had
removed a part of the bushes shading the nest to get a better
light : one young bird quitted the nest and got lost in the
long grass surrounding the nest. It is a curious fact that
neither parent noticed the loss, nor troubled to look for the
young bird, which must have been close at hand.
The food brought was beetles and insects, but I had lost
my pencil and could make no proper notes. Both birds
preferred to come to the back of the nest, and gave little
chance of photographs, so I cut a lot of small pieces of furze
and erected a regular chevaux-de-jrise at the back of the
nest, after which the birds came to the front.
At 12.10 I went to lunch, and as the young birds seemed to
suffer so much from the sun, I erected a screen and determined
to bring some water with me on my return.
At 2.5 I came back and gave the remaining young birds a
good drink by means of a pipette ; this they seemed to enjoy
very much and seemed much refreshed, and when I came
out of the tent with the pipette and water bottle on subse-
quent occasions they all craned eagerh forward and opened
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 113
their mouths, though they did not seem to care to drink more
than about a teaspoonful and a half at a lime.
At 2.10 cock brought food (as a general rule the birds were
too quick for me to see what was brought, so that wherever
no food is specified by name it may be taken that I was
unabb to see the food.)
At 2.15 and 2.25 hen brought food and took away excrement
At 2.26 cock fed young.
At 2.28 hen brought what I thought was a hymenopterous
fly (subsequent research satisfied me that this fly was really
a dipteron, as I found the parent birds were getting them
from a clump of spruce near, and I went over to investigat3).
At 2.33 cock brought a number of black flies.
At 2.34 hen brought small beetles (with red undersides
to the abdomen).
A:. 3.5 hen brought small insects, fed young, and then left
at the click of ni}' shutter, but returned in two minutes and
cleaned the nest.
At 3.12 cock brought tiny insects.
At 3.22 cock again fed the young and cleaned the nest.
This was a day of brilliant sunshine, but the following day
was dull with a strong light, but little sun. This fact is of
importance when the observations of June 2 are considered.
On June 2nd I got settled at 10.30, and as I was checking my
focus the cock arrived with a quantity of insects ; as he was
feeding the young, one of the insects escaped from his beak
and bolted into the grass. It was a small moth and looked
to me like Epiblema pftugiana ; the bird followed it and after
a hunt captured it and stuffed it, wings and all, down the
young bird's throat.
At 10.40 cock again came and fed young and cleaned nest.
The hen meanwhile sat on a bush outside the tent making
a mournful chirping noise as if uneasy.
At 10.47 cock again fed young
At 10.48 hen fed young and went back to the bush and
chirped (I believe she could see into the tent through one of
my peepholes).
114 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
At 10.56 hen came back and cleaned the nest, but did not
feed young
At 10.57 cock fed young
At 11.3 hen fed young on very small insects.
At 11.6 hen again fed young on small black flies.
At 11.12 cock sat outside the tent and sang " A little bit
of bread and no chee-ese."
At 11.13 hen came back and fed the young on more small
insects.
At 11.18 hen came back and fed young on small insects,
and cleaned nest.
At 11.33 hen came back with three Crambites. I snapped
her at once and she .jumped to a rosebush close to my upper
peephole, and I had a really good view of her and decided the
Crambites were Crambus dumetellus, and, if not, then C. pratellus.
At 11.45 I went out to investigate the insect life outside
the tent, and met the hen with two C. dumetellus and a
Coenonympha pamphilus. Being a dull day the Crambites
and other lepidoptera were sluggish, and I examined those
sitting on the grass stems and found them to be C. dumetellus ;
I also gave the young birds a drink.
At 12.15 I returned, and immediately the cock arrived
with 4 Crambites, and whilst noting this the hen arrived,
but I could not see w r hat she brought ; she cleaned the nest
and eyed the tent suspiciously.
At 12.25, hearing noises as of a flock of sheep approaching,
I went out of the tent to tell the shepherd to keep the sheep
away from where I was at work, and this emergence disturbed
the birds.
At 12.29 cock fed young.
At 12.30 hen fed young and looked round the nest, and
the cock then fed young.
Whilst I was checking my focus both birds returned and
fed young.
At 12.40 and 12.42 cock fed young, and at 12.45 the hen
returned with an EpiUema and three Crambites, and before
she had finished the cock returned.
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 115
The great interest in the above notes to my mind is the
rapidity with which the parents found food and brought it
to the nest, on a dull day when insects were sluggish in their
movements, shewing the fact of their capture at rest, and
beside this the considerable number of lepidopterous insects
brought by them. I particularly noted in returning from
the nest that there were hardly any lepidoptera moving,
in fact I saw none but what I kicked up out of the grass.
(W.P.C.)
Alauda arvensis (The Skylark).
These observations were made in Hants. I was endeavour-
ing on June 5 and 6 to photograph a lark sitting on eggs.
1 think the only parts of my observations of general interest
were the following :
The hen was exceedingly nervous and her hearing was
most acute ; she would not stand a nearly noiseless shutter.
The cock sang at intervals and sometimes hovered right
over the nest. The cock nearly always came to the nest
with the hen and sang over her as she settled.
The hen pitched straight down close to the nest within
2 feet or 18 inches.
In returning to the nest the cock always flew higher than
the hen and sang when he came, and after she had settled
he rose into the air and soared and sang.
I have noticed that larks have very large openings to their
ears, and the hen bird raised the feathers that cover the ear,
when listening. She could even hear the noise of my pencil
on the paper of my notebook and listened to it with great
suspicion. (E.H.C.)
Motacilla alba (The White Wagtail).
September 27th. One seen at Worth Matravers. (W.P.C.
and E.H.C.)
Motacilla melanope (The Grey Wagtail).
27th September, 1914. Seven or eight seen in company
with ten or twelve Motacilla lugubris at Kingston Hill, Pur-
beck. (W.P.C. and E.H.C.)
116 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
Motacilla campestris=raii (The Yellow Wagtail).
3 Sept. 1914. We have had young of Ray's Wagtail about
on the lawn. Yesterday there were two in company with
four Pied Wagtails. I do not remember seeing any adult
Ray's Wagtail for a long time, but they must have bred here
(Edmondsham). (E.F.L.) (M. campestris breeds in the
valley of the Crane, not far from Edmondsham. Ed.)
20th March, 1914. Observed at Chardstock, E.S.R. (This
would represent an early migration, the third week in March
being about the usual time for the first advance parties of
the main migratory body. Ed.)
The downward migration of this bird started in July. On
25 July, in Poole Park, six were seen in company with
M . lugubris. On August 2 a family party were seen at Wareham.
On August 10 or 12 seven or eight were seen on Peveril Down,
Swanage, in company with ten or twelve M . lugubris.
On August 22nd, between 30 and 40 on the Swanage Golf
links in family parties.
On August 23rd, two seen on Peveril Down, Swanage.
On September 1st, three in a field at Kingston, Purbeck.
On September 26th, however, we saw a dozen still as far
inland as Witchampton. (W.P.C. and E.H.C.)
Anthus pratensis (The Meadow Pipit).
On 22nd March this bird was present in great numbers near
Morden Park Corner. The birds appeared to be holding a
kind of marriage market, and were singing loudly and chasing
one another in pairs. There were far more than are usualy
to be seen in the district, and we believe them to have been
immigrants. (W.P.C. and E.H.C.).
Aegithalus vagans (The Longtailed Tit).
April 26th. At Canford a nest with eggs and another pair
building. One of these nests was destroyed on May 2,
apparently by a jay. On 3rd May the second nest was
found to be destroyed, but two others were found, one with
the tell-tale feathers up at the entrance.
This nest with the feathers up was observed by E.H.C.
On May 23rd he erected his camera tent and on May 24th
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS. ETC. 117
started work at 12.30. The entrance to the nest faced N.W.,
but the tent was necessarily placed on the South side. His
notes are as follows :
A few minutes after I was settled the hen dived into the
nest and at 12.50 the cock appeared, and whether he brought
anything or not I do not know, because I could not see. The
cock and the hen followed, both sneaking away in such a way
as to keep the nest between them and the camera. At 1.10
p.m. both birds came into the nest from behind and remained
there a few minutes and then left. I then very carefully cut
the furze and turned the nest round to face the camera.
At 1.20 p.m. the hen returned with a green larva about
J of an inch long, and was very surprised to find the nest
turned round. She came to what was then the back of the nest,
and, not finding the entrance, beat her course back into the
furze bushes and came on again by her accustomed route and
lighted in the same place. This time she wandered all over
the back of the nest and finally on to the top, and with a
glad little cry dived through the top and into the nest.
Immediately she put her head out of the opening and seemed
to look up to the sun to get her bearings.
Although R. Bowdler Sharpe says in his " British Birds "
(Lloyds) Vol. I., p. 148, "some naturalists have stated that
there is a second entrance. . . . This we have not
verified from personal experience " ; I have noticed that
little hole at the top of the nest in other longtailed tits'
nests, and they seem designed, as an Irishman might put it,
with " an entrance for going in " and another larger " entrance
for coming out."
Presently the cock arrived, and went to the old situation
of the large opening and was surprised to find no way in.
There w r as an exchange of conversation with the hen, and the
cock wandered all round the nest, and, lighting on the big
aperture, gave what looked to be either the wingless female
of a moth, or a moth's body stripped of wings, to the
female, who took it inside. In a few moment^ both birds
departed.
118 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
At 1.25 the hen returned and stayed on the nest a few
minutes, looking out of the large aperture with her tail out
of the small one. In a few minutes she slipped off, so I
went to lunch.
At 2.30 I returned, and at 2.33 the hen arrived, going into
the nest at the top ; at 2.35 the cock brought food and gave
it to the hen, who remained on the nest.
At 3 some passers-by came near, and the hen slipped off
and dived through the furze.
At 3.15, the hen returned chirruping and dived into the
nest through the top ; I could not see that she had any food
at all. At 3.23 the cock came to the nest and gave some food
to the hen.
The cock called as he came " twee tweet twee twee twee,'*
the "tweet" being a little higher that the "twees," which
are all on one note.
The hen answered with " twe chuch twee chuch twee chook,"
something like a whitethroat scolding, only very mildly
indeed. I do not mean that the hen was a scold ; they
seemed a very devoted couple and seldom left each other for
many minutes.
The cock departed and at 3.24 the hen followed.
At 3.25 the cock returned, and not finding the hen at home
waited a moment and then went inside the nest to make sure
she was not there. He came out again with the food still in
his beak. The food looked like two or three brownish whitish
larvae.
At 3.30 the cock met the hen coming through the furze and
handed over his beak-full of food, and the hen took the food
into the nest through the top. The hen remained on the nest
for some time and the male went away, but not very far, I
think. The hen left the nest for a few minutes and was back
again at 3.55, and dived into the nest through the top and
looked out of the front ; as the light was now very bad I left.
(W.P.C. and E.H.C.)
Sylvia sylviq (The White-throat).
April 13. Two seen at North Bestwall, Ware ham.
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 119
April 25. Two more seen at Winfrith.
May 3. A pair seen at Canford, the male in full song.
The following notes give the departure of this bird :
July 26. 15 to 20 collected near Littlesea, amongst sallow
bushes.
Aug. 23. One seen at Anvil Point, Swanage.
Aug. 30. A single bird in a garden at Swanage.
Sept. 6. A single bird in Berewood.
Sept. 27. A single bird at Chapman's Pool.
The above rather seem to show that the main body of
these birds left the country earl^ in August, and that only
stragglers remained later. (W.P.C. and E.fl.C.)
Sylvia curruca (The Lesser Whitethroat).
Apl. 18. One seen at Bushill's mill, near Poole.
Apl. 25. Two seen at Canford and heard singing.
Nothing was seen of this bird on downward migration.
(W.P.C. and E.H.C.)
Sylvia atricapilla (The Blackcap Warbler).
May 2nd. A pair seen at Canford, and the cock scolded
E.H.C. roundly.
May 3rd. The cock was singing well. May 10th. This pair
presumably had a nest and eggs in a bramble tangle.
May 16th, the nest contained 5 eggs. This nest we intended
to observe, but illness prevented, and by June 13 the bird
had left the nest. (W.P.C. and E.H.C.)
Melizophilus undatus (The Dartford Warbler).
Dec. 20th, 1914. A party of four seen at Parkstone -on-Sea,
and later on in the day two others were seen, some consider-
able distance from the first party.
We have not seen this bird in that particular locality
before. (W.P.C. and E.H.C.)
Phylloscopus sibilator (The Wood Wren).
Apl. 26. This bird was in its usual numbers at Can-
ford.
On May 3. There were more than the customary numbers
in the Canford woods, which seemed to indicate a further
small immigration.
120 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
On June 14 we observed a pair feeding young. (W.P.C.
and E.H.C.)
Phylloscopus trochilus (The Willow Warbler).
On April 5th one seen at Berewood.
On April 25th the bird was abundant in Marley Wood,
near Lulworth.
On April 26 at Canford likewise, and was building on that
date, since two birds were seen at work on two different nests.
On May 2nd, headkeeper Wren shewed us a nest with 5 eggs.
On May 3rd we found one with the full complement.
On May 9th one of the birds which was building on April
26 was sitting 6 eggs, and W.P.C. found another nest with
6 eggs, near.
On May 10 W.P.C. found a further nest with 6 eggs.
On May 15th the nest found by headkeeper Wren had
hatched, so E.H.C. decided to observe this bird, and we
erected the photographic apparatus in readiness for the
morrow.
On May 16th E.H.C. had not been settled very long w T hen
the hen arrived with a Tortrix viridana larva. The young
were fed by the hen putting her beak and the larva into the
mouth of the young bird and squeezing out a few drops of
the contents of the wretched Iarva3. After she had done this,
she nestled over the young for 10 minutes or quarter of an
hour ; every now and then she seemed to be gone to sleep
and would nearly close her eyes, then she would perk up wide
awake and spend a few minutes arranging the lining of the
nest, then after peeping out all round very carefully she came
out of the nest and flew straight up. She went through all
this performance about every 20 minutes from the time
E.H.C. went into the tent (about 2.30) until about 4.45 when
he came out.
E.H.C. noticed that she did not let the young eat the empty
skin of the larva, but ate this herself. The cock sang all the
afternoon, apparently his family of " six " did not at that
early stage require the services of both parents to keep them
supplied with food.
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 121
On May 17 E.H.C. paid further attention to this nest, and
his notes were as follows :
I went into the tent at 11.10, the hen being on the nest ;
she quitted whilst I was arranging myself, but returned whilst
I was checking focus. I then found part of the bushes hiding
the tent were in the way, and had to come out of the tent to
re-arrange them, which sent the hen off again.
At 11.40 she returned with a black tortrix larva (? T.
viridana) ; she stayed on the nest till 11.45 and then quitted.
At 11.50 the cock brought food, which he gave to the hen,
who had now returned. The cock sang gaily as he came, and
afterwards sat up in the birch decorations of the tent and
sang beautifully within a few inches of my ear. The hen left
the nest shortly, and the cock then brought a tortrix larva
and fed the young in the same manner as the hen, but did
not enter the nest. (The cock obtained his larvae from
bramble bushes and they corresponded with Buckler's figure
of Scopula prunalis.)
At 12 noon the hen returned to the nest with a w T hite tortrix
larva, fed the young and nestled on them, and appeared to
doze, but every time a fly passed the nest she made an
ineffectual dab at it and then relapsed into sleep.
At 12.10 the hen quitted, and at 12.15 the cock arrived
and fed the young.
At 12.20 the hen returned, fed the young, and stopped to
nurse them, she left in a few minutes and returned at 12.25
with another whitish tortrix larva.
At 12.27 the cock came with food, singing as he came ; the
female left the nest and the cock fed the young, sang in the
decorations of my tent, and then left, accompanied by the hen.
At 12.30 the hen returned, fed the young, and nestled on
them. She nearly dozed off when a fly crossed in front of
the nest, she was all alive in a moment and made an ineffectual
dab at it, and then nodded off again.
(This is exceedingly like the behaviour of a nightingale
Daulias luscinia observed by W.P.C. in 1913.) When the
cock bird came and sang close at hand the hen said " weet
122 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
weet weet " very softly and sweetly, something like her alarm
note, but with all the tone of alarm gone out of it.
The hen quitted, but returned at 12.40 with a yellowish
green tortrix larva. I could not qtiite see how she fed the
young this time, she fed two and then nestled down ; she
soon rose in the nest and fed more young. She either had the
remains of the larva in her mouth, or else she had some way
of regurgitating some of her food. At 12.45 the hen left the
nest. I then w r ent for some lunch.
I returned at 1.40, and at 1.43 both birds came to the nest ;
the hen remained, and the cock went off singing. The hen
did a good deal of twisting and turning about in the nest,
and I thought she was re-arranging the feathers that formed
the lining. At 2.10 she quitted.
At 2.18 the hen came back and fed the young on a tortrix
larva, nestled on them a few moments, and w r as off again. At
2.20 the cock brought a tortrix larva.
At 2.30 the hen brought similar food and stayed two
minutes turning the feathers inside the nest about. At 2.35,
as the sun was becoming very hot, I went outside to arrange
a little shade for the nest.
At 2.38 the hen returned and fed the young, and stayed
about two minutes ; the young are much more lively than
they were.
At 2.45 the cock fed the young. At 2.46 the hen fed the
young, and both birds hunted over the brambles beside and
around my tent, and actually pitched on the tent itself. At
2.50 the hen left after feeding young.
At 3 o'clock the hen fed the young, and then fixed a feather
up in the entrance of the nest to keep the sun out, but
she need not have troubled, because my shade came into
operation.
At 3.5 both birds returned to feed the young, but the birds
did not come into the field of view together.
At 3.15 the hen left and I then ceased to observe, as a
photographic hiding tent is a very cramped place indeed to
be in long.
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 123
The downward migration of this bird started in the later
part of July.
22 July. One seen in a garden at Parkstone.
26 July. One seen on the move at Littlesea.
2 Aug. One seen on Bottlebush Down near Cranborne.
Stragglers continued in the county till much later, as
evidenced by the following :
5 Sept. One seen at Berewood. 26 Sept., one seen at
Witchampton. (W.P.C. and E.H.C.)
Phylloscopus minor (The Chiff-chaff).
On March 22 the bird above recorded was watched care-
fully, and from its behaviour we concluded it was a true
migrant. It was obviously very hungry.
On 5 Apl. there were 5 birds seen in the same place, shewing
a further arrival, and on Apl. 10 there were a great number,
evidently the main body of immigrants.
On Apl. 26 at Canford a hen bird behaved as if she had a
nest, but the search did not result in finding it.
On May 2, nest with eggs was found.
On 16 May this bird was sitting closely.
On 23 May the young had been hatched several days, so
W.P.C. decided to put May 24th in on this nest.
As is not unusual with birds' nests, the situation was
exceedingly dark and sunless, and much overhung with
bushes, so the photographic results were most disappointing ;
however, the following notes were made by W.P.C. :
I got settled at 12 o'clock, and about five minutes after the
hen brought 7 or 8 Hybernia larvae, mostly H. marginaria,
as far as I could tell.
At 12.15 the hen again returned and fed the young, stayed
to look round and tidy up the nest a little, and then dashed
off after a hymenopterous fly, which she caught ; afterwards
she returned and studied the tent for a few seconds.
At 12.17 the bird returned with more larvae, and at 12.18
the cock came in and fed the young.
At 12.20 the hen returned and fed the young. At 12.24
the hen returned and fed young with green larvae, cleaned
124 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
the nest and took away the excreta. At 12.30 the cock
brought in ten larvae, but I was unable to identify them ; he
fed the young very quickly indeed and left.
I started to refocus (as I was using a 17in. Ross Telecentric,
I thought it desirable, as the camera might settle a trifle).
Both birds came back together, and I watched them on the
focussing screen ; one had a collection of small diptera, and
the other two larvae of Taeniocampa stabilis ; when the birds
left I finished refocussing, but the hen came back with more
food whilst I was settling. I failed, however, to see what she
brought.
At 12.40 the cock brought a collection of geometer larvae
and took away excreta, which appeared to be held up by one
of the young in its beak. At 12.47 the hen fed young. At
12.55 the cock, at 1 p.m. hen, and at 1.5 the hen came back
again with 4 green geometer larvae, but not Cheimatobia
brumata nor Oporabia dilutata, much more like Cidaria larvae.
At 1.10 the cock and at 1.12 the hen came back with more
larvae.
At 1.30 I went to lunch and returned at 2.45.
At 2.46 the hen came with a beakful of green geometer
larvae, fed young and cleaned nest.
Immediately after the cock came back with larvae and
fed young ; he stood in the entrance of the nest and rose
straight from it. This was a very unusual performance ; as a
rule the birds hopped to a twig outside the nest and jumped
off from the twig.
At 2.48 the hen returned with one green geometer larva
only, fed the young, and then sat on a tw r ig outside the nest ;
at 2.50 she went into the nest, and fidgetted about and came
out eating something.
At 3.12 hen returned, fed young, cleaned nest, and took
away excreta ; she then returned to the nest and stayed
brooding. She sat on the nest in a sideways fashion with her
head peeping out ; she seemed to spend most of her time
picking over the down on the young, from which she seemed to
take minute insects.
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 125
At 3.25 she left and returned at 3.35 with 5 green geometer
larvae.
At 3.40 the hen again brought larvae and at 3.50 the cock
returned. I then left the nest.
The above record is very incomplete ; I was quite unable
to keep pace with the birds, as often by the time I had changed
my plate and written down my note, one bird or the other
was back and away again. Moreover, my attention was
distracted by the very interesting event of a pheasant hatch-
ing a brood of 13 young about 6 or 7 feet from my tent,
within a couple of yards of the Chiff-chaff nest. During
the day the brood hatched off, and it was very interesting
to see an additional chick every once now and again push its
head out through its mother's feathers and take its first
view of a new and strange world, albeit that that world
consisted at the moment of a tangle of bramble and weeds on
the edge of a slimy ditch filled with decaying leaves (in which
I had the pleasure of sitting all day).
Another distraction was the hatching of specimens of
Culex from that part of the ditch which was within my tent ;
these pests were not long in acquiring a bloodthirst, which
they satisfied on my face and hands, generally choosing a
moment when silence and stillness were imperative.
On 4 June the young P. rufus had left the nest ; no doubt
they went before, but I was unable to visit the nest in the
interim, as I was ill and had to leave home.
We missed the early part of the downward movement of
this bird somehow, but on the 30th August one was spoken
to and answered at Durlston Head, and two more were seen.
On 16 Sept. seven or eight were seen in Poole Park. On
Sept. 26 at Abbey Croft Down, East Hemsworth, two more
\vere seen. A specimen of this bird wintered in Swanage ;
it was seen in. December by Dr. Penrose and has been visible
often in the Royal Victoria Hotel garden during the early
part of 1915. (W.P.C. and E.H.C.)
Locustella naevia (The Grasshopper Warbler).
Heard at Canford 23 April by headkeeper Wren. (W.P.C.)
126 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
Merula merula (The Blackbird).
See also under Accipiter nisus, the Sparrow Hawk.
On the 26th April this bird was building fresh nests and
there were young to be seen in all stages to fully fledged.
On the 17th May W.P.C. spent a little time at a nest of
Merula merula. The notes are not worth printing in extenso,
as so much is known of this bird, and upon no occasion did
the bird give any opportunity of examining the food. The
points observed were that the hen alone fed the young, that
she ate the excreta of the young, although they w r ere half
fledged, and that she seemed exceedingly nervous, but whether
from the proximity of a private road or of the tent W.P.C.
was unable to determine. She objected very strongly to
the noise made by a shutter so silent that W.P.C. is unable
to hear it. On one occasion she fluttered from the nest
and then came full tilt into the front of the tent, and then
rose and butted hard into the side ; whether this was a display
of pugnacity intended to drive W.P.C. away, or whether she
thought the green tent was merely close foliage through which
a passage might be found, it is difficult to say, but from the
general behaviour W.P.C. inclines to think she knew he was
in the tent and resented it. [See, however, note of behaviour
of a young Dendrocopus major below.] (W.P.C.)
Turdus iliacus (The Redwing) and T. pilaris (The Fieldfare).
On Nov. 22 w r e saw about 50 T. iliacus, and a dozen
T. pilaris feeding on holly berries at Littlesea. Neither
bird being usually abundant here, we think they were driven
in by the bitter N.E. wind. (W.P.C. and E.H.C.)
Erithacus rubecula (The Robin).
In full song 1 February at Canford ; carrying nesting
material at Lytchett on 22 March ; two pairs feeding young
on April 26th at Canford and a bird sitting, which had hatched
when we next inspected nest on 2nd May, and we estimated
the young were eight days old. On 3rd May E.H.C.
spent two hours watching this nest, but no point of interest
was noted, the food being exclusively worms as far as E.H.C.
could ascertain ; W.P.C. found that the parents obtained
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 127
the worms from a ditch full of damp leaf mould about
100 yards from the nest and did not attempt to go elsewhere.
They had left the nest on the 16th May, the next time we
saw it.
Cyanecula suecica (The Arctic Blue Throat).
At about 9.0 a.m. on May 2, 1914, my niece, Miss Dorothy
Rogers, saw, sitting on the branch of an elm in my garden at
Montevideo, Chickerell, near Weymouth, a few feet from her
window, a bird which she described very accurately and
afterwards identified from Morris as a Bluebreast (Sylvia
suecica). I do not know of any other British bird with which
it could be confused, and feel no doubt of the correctness of
her observation, especially as it remained on the same branch
for several minutes, moving about a little and turning so
as to shew both sides. This species is said to be migratory
and to be found in most parts of Europe, including France,
in the summer, and has been recorded occasionally in England
and once in Dorset (J. C. Dale, " Naturalist " ii., p. 275).
Miss Rogers describes the throat as being entirely blue,
corresponding to the form wolfii, which is noted in Mansel-
Ple3^dell's " Birds of Dorsetshire " as being, according to
Harting, the same species as suecica and leucocyanea in a
different phase of plumage. She also described the bill as
yellow, thereby differing from Morris' figure, which makes it
brown (1851 edition), but in the description he says it is
yellowish with dark brown tip. (N.M.R.)
[The above bird was evidently a cock. R. B. Sharpe says
(Brit. Birds, Vol. 1, p. 279, 1896), " Two species of Blue
Throats are recognised, one with a red spot (C. suecica) and
one with a white spot (C. cyanecula). The latter is not nearly
so widespread as the former bird, and only occurs in Central
Europe, scarcely reaching as far east as Russia, but visiting
Northern Africa and Palestine in winter, recurring in Gilgit,
and wintering sparingly in India." In Harting 's " Handbook
of British Birds " (2nd edition), published in 1901, Harting
uses leucocyanea Brehm as cyanecula, but says the three forms
have been considered distinct, and inferentially abandons
128 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
any suggestion that the three forms are different plumage
phases of the same species. The three forms do not always
appear to be distinguished in the British records, and the
wolfii form is very rare apparently.
A glance at the migration returns of the " British Ornitho-
logists Club " shews that these birds (usually the C. suecica
species) straggle across to these islands nearly every year on
the upward and downward migration. Ed.]
Pratincola rubetra (The Whinchat).
25 April. A male in full plumage at Kingston Hill.
27 Sept. About 15 seen in Chapman's Pool.
2 Dec. 1914, W.P.C. saw a male at Poole, and as Dr. Penrose
has also seen one at Corfe Castle since this date it would
appear that one or more individuals wintered in Dorset.
Saxicola oenanthe (The Wheatear).
On Aug, 22 W.P.C. saw about 30 collected at Swanage,
ready to depart.
On Sept. 27, 20 to 30 seen in Chapman's Pool.
Accentor modularis (The Hedgesparrow).
One was sitting 4 eggs at Canford April 26.
She hatched on May 2, so I erected my photographic tent
and gear ; on May 3rd I commenced work at 2.30 p.m., when
the female came to nest and fed young with small insects.
At 2.40 she returned again with tiny diptera and hymenoptera,
fed young and ate their excreta.
At 2.55 she returned with green larvae of Oporabia dilutata
and Hybernia marginaria.
At 3.10 she returned with small diptera Culex (?) and
settled on the nest and covered young ; after a while as the
young did not seem hungry she ate the food she had been
holding in her bill.
At 3.40 she returned with more diptera and remained on
nest ; at 4.30 I left.
The bird got the larvaB from an oak near at hand, and the
flies off the grass along a path near.
On May the 9th the nest was empty, but we could not decide
whether it was the work of a hawk or of a stoat. (W.P.C.)
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 129
Hirundo rustica (The Barn Swallow).
A single bird seen at Berewood, 10 April ; others seen the
following day on the Hants-Dorset borders, and a further
single bird at Wareham on 12 April, and the same bird or
another on the 13th April in the same place. This bird was
present in its usual numbers on 25 April, when we did a drive
over 100 miles through Dorset, so presumably between 13th
and 25th April the main body of migrants arrived.
On 26 April this bird was present in the Poole district in
some numbers.
The downward migration seems to have started the latter
end of August.
On August 29 E .H .0 . noted 20 to 30 near the Railway Station
at Swanage, and on August 30 a company of 6 at Corfe Castle.
On September 12 there were a fair number still in the Poole
district, but on September 13 two only were observed in the
Cranborne district. On September 20th 5 or 6 were seen in the
Canford district ; a few were seen at Bloxworth on October 14.
Chelidon urbica (The House Martin).
The downward migration seems to have been as follows :
5 September, 30 to 40 at Wimborne.
12 September, 40 or 50 at Poole, sitting on wire round a
tennis court.
26 September there was a flock between 250 and 300 strong
in Wimborne, and on the 27th a flock at Wareham 30 strong,
and two or three at Bloxworth on October 14.
Cotyle riparia (The Sand Martin).
On July 26 we observed a single straggler at South Haven,
Poole Harbour.
Gecinus viridis (The Green Woodpecker).
On 23 May this bird had hollowed a large hole in a rotten
birch at Canford about four feet from the ground.
On June 14 E.H.C. put his tent up to this nest (note again
here, that where no food is stated it could not be identified).
E.H.C.'s notes are as follows :
I started at 12.10. One of the birds started " yaffling "
and kept up " yaffling " at intervals of a minute or so, finally
130 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
settling on a tree opposite the nest, where she stayed watching
the tent. For some time she kept a limb of the tree between
her and the tent, and finally came and pitched on the nesting
hole. She seemed a bit uneasy and stayed about a minute
peeping round the tent, and then went inside the nest at
about 12.35. The way she twists her head whilst standing
on a tree trunk is very snake -like and most remarkable.
At 1 o'clock the cock came up to the tree and called to the
hen "week week week week kwee kwee " in a very low
tone and the hen replied with the same note. After about
3 minutes of this conversation the hen, who w r as poking her
head out of the nest, quitted, and the cock came across and
fed the young.
At 1.10 the cock was still in the nesting hole. Both birds
have a way of doing a spread-eagle up against a tree trunk,
but I did not see one do it on the nesting tree.
At 1.15 I called "week week w^eek week kwee kwee"
soft and low like the hen, and the cock put his head out of the
nesting hole.
At 1.17 the cock quitted.
At 1.17.30 the hen arrived, fed the young, and then entered
the nest.
At 1.30 the hen, hearing W.P.C. coming down to call me
to lunch, quitted.
At 2.15 the hen quitted the nest again. Soon after, the
light went very red, and I heard thunder coming up rapidly. I
left to put up the hood on the car, and did not get back owing
to the violence of the storm, which lasted an hour and 20
minutes, and was one of the most violent I remember.
On returning I found the rain had made the camera (a
Birdland Reflex) very wet and caused the leather to rise, so
I had to stop for the day.
June 17. I was at the nest from 6.45 a.m. to 7.30 a.m., but
neither parent came, though I heard one speak in the distance.
June 21. I was at this nest at 10.55. The young in the
nesting hole made a noise like a nest of angry bees whilst
1 was putting up the camera. At 11 both birds came into a
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS. INSECTS, ETC. 131
tree opposite the nesting hole and had a long conversation,
the young meanwhile " buzzing."
At 11.5 the hen came, but fled at the noise of the shutter ;
she, however, returned at 11.10, but did not seem to bring any
food. At 1 1 .45 she came into the nesting tree and stayed some
time at the back. The cock meanwhile was calling " quo-
quo-quo-quo-quo-quo-quoae qweek qweek qweek qweek,"
and at 12 he went away, neither bird had returned at
1 o'clock, and the cock had not fed the young since my arrival.
I then left for lunch.
At 1 .55 I returned and at 1 .58 one of the parents w r as back,
making a noise.
At 2.5 the hen came to the nest ; she must have come
along the ground, since she ran up the tree and went straight
in without a pause. At 2.9 she came out very quickly. The
whole interval that she was inside the young kept up a grating
noise. At. 2.45 the cock came to the tree opposite the nest
and gave a loud call of " quo-quo-quo-quo-quo-quo-quo "
and presently repeated it more quietly.
He seemed in no hurry to go to the nest, and at 3.20 was still
on the same perch uttering his call every two or three minutes,
although during the time he was there I only heard the hen
once at a distance. For a position of rest I noticed the cock
liked to sit on a branch longitudinally, or else across a fork with
his feet grasping one branch and his tail resting on the other.
At 3.40 the hen was still away, and had up to that time only
fed the young twice or three times, if she came whilst I was
at lunch.
At 3.55 the hen and at 4.5 the hen came to the nest ; at
4.25 the hen again came, and about one minute sufficed to
feed the family. I then left the nest.
June 24th I went to the nest at 6.45 a.m. and the hen started
calling almost immediately. At 7 she sat in a tree close at
hand and made her toilet ; at 7.20 she fed the young with her
head in the entrance hole ; at 7.25 she came back to the nest
and bolted straight in, after a hurried glance round, and stayed
for five minutes, when she came out and left the nest.
132 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
June 25. I went to the nest at 7.30 a.m., at 7.45 one of the
birds came to the nest, but was much too nervous to feed the
young. At 8 o'clock both birds came to the nesting tree ;
after having hung about for some time and after a long
consultation, the hen came down the tree backwards and
finally got to the nesting hole. She fed the young five times
in the following manner.
She held her head straight up and extended her neck and
then retched and opened her beak, and what looked like a
cartridge or projectile of chewed-up grey moths came up
between her mandibles, and as she shot her head forward
into the nesting hole the projectile slid forward toward the
mouths of the nestlings. I watched carefully four times out
of the five, and each time the food seemed to be chewed-up
moths.
At 8.10 the cock came to the nesting hole, but was too
nervous to stay to feed the young birds.
At 8.25 the young seemed to be getting impatient and
hungry, as they kept up the grating bee buzzing noise,
beside pecking about inside the nest with quite hard thuds.
At 9.0 one parent came and fed young by the same process
of regurgitation. I was able to distinguish a very limp
partially digested looking larva of a lepidopteron. The young
came to the nest entrance, and the parent holds the cartridge
of food in its mouth and keeps its head on one side so that
the beak is in a horizontal plane, then the young one opens
its beak in a vertical plane and takes the food from the old
bird's beak, the gapes of each bird being within half the
length of the beaks apart.
The gape of the young viridis is pale, about the color of a
herring gull's feet. The head is greenish grey, the crest
is not red, but darker than the sides of the face, the markings
at the side of the face greyish around the eye ; there are
indications of dirty grey marks round the throat, which make
the young look spotted.
At 9.35 one of the birds came and pitched up on the tree
opposite the nesting tree.
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 133
It called in a sort of whistle " curk curcur curk wouch wouch
wouch wouch wouch," which is very quiet compared to the
usual noisy "yaffle," the well known note of this bird ; the nest-
lings, when they hear this low note, make a murmuring sound.
She quitted whilst I was plate changing, and sat on the
tree opposite till 9.57, when the cock arrived with a noisy
" yaffle." The female watched the tent most intently till
10.20, when both birds had a little conversation which con-
sisted of " cur wick wick wick " in varying tones soft and low ;
hardly recognisable as notes of the noisy viridis. The birds
also make a noise similar to that made by young goslings.
At 10.45 the hen fed the young. I left the tent from 11 to
11.45 to stretch my cramped limbs, and at 11.50 one of the
birds came, but W.P.C. moving in the neighbourhood startled
the hen. At 12.20 both parents fed the young, coming down
the nesting tree backwards.
W.P.C. entered the tent at 1.15, his notes are as follows :
" At 2.5 one of the parents came. At 2.40 the hen fed the
young and remained about 5 minutes. I observed that the
young were grsyish white with grey cheeks, and with little
green from the eye backwards and practically no red crest.
The bill, especially the lower mandible, was very immature.
Shortly after this, one of the mature birds made a frightful
noise as if terror stricken, and I think it may have been due
to the appearance of a hawk. I never heard any woodpecker
scream so. The noise, however, ended in the usual yaffle. I
left at 3, having been up since 4.30 a.m."
July 5. Notwithstanding a steady downpour we went at
9.30 a.m. to this nest, and W.P.C., after waiting in the hope
the weather might clear, which it did not do all day, went
into the tent at 11.30.
At 11.22 the young birds began to look out. They had
made considerable progress and had decidedly red topknots ;
the bills were darker, the green decidedly more pronounced
on their heads and cheeks, but the chins w r ere still grey.
At 11.30 the hen arrived soaked through and looking quite
black; she announced her arrival with a "kwoo kwoo kwoo"
134 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
whistle. After which she hung on a neighbouring tree under
shelter of a protecting branch for some time, and looked the
picture of misery.
At 12.20 the hen returned and kept up a harsh croaking
call for about 5 minutes.
She stayed about 3 minutes poking into the nesting hole
and then fled, being immediately replaced by the male, which
fed the most backward youngster and finally left about
12.30 ; the birds stayed calling in the neighbourhood for a
time and then seemed to go.
As the rain had not abated and had soaked W.P.C. 's back
and stool, he copied their example.
On July llth the young had flown. (W.P.C. & E.H.C.)
Dtndrocopus major (The Great Spotted Woodpecker).
21 March. We found a bird engaged on getting out a
nesting hole in a rotten birch at Canford. E.H.C. made
himself thoroughly acquainted with the note of this bird,
and got the bird to answer. The note is very like the first
startled " tchack " of a surprised blackbird. The note is
repeated at intervals and uttered singly.
22 March. This species was " hammering " in Berewood.
23 March. We went to the nesting hole commenced on
21 March, but found very few chips, although the entrance
seemed finished, and E.H.C. watched for three-quarters of an
hour without seeing either bird.
14 June. W.P.C. set up a tent to this hole, as we had heard
the young birds calling. The following are the notes he was
able to take, and it is to be remarked that where no food
could be identified no note of that fact is taken.
12 a.m. While I was adjusting, the hen came with a moth
and a caterpillar that I could not identify. The nest being
high, I had the disadvantage of being some distance away on
the ground ; there was no available cover aloft anywhere near.
The young kept up a continual " chick chick chick chick."
It is a harsh and metallic noise, and 1 likened it to the noise
of a rusty wheelbarrow pin. (E.H.C. says he never heard a
wheelbarrow wheel revolve as fast.) The little birds did not
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS. ETC. 135
chick very quickly, and were not then big enough to come
up to the entrance.
1 p.m. Hen arrived, announcing her arrival with a " churck
churck " and then went straight into the hole, turned round
and looked out a while, and came out and then went back.
The cock arrived with a single " churck " and fed young.
1.5. Hen arrived and was startled at the noise of the
shutter.
1.30. I went to lunch, returned at 2.5 and redecorated
the tent.
2.10. Hen arrived, accompanied by the cock, who gave
several very loud calls.
2.20. Both birds arrived together, the hen feeding the
young first, and then the cock. The cock, while the hen was
feeding, kept up a loud clucking noise.
At 2.25 the hen, and a second or two later the cock, arrived
without a sound and fed the young, neither bird entering
the nest.
At 2.30 hen fed young, which were very noisy and kept up
a continual chatter.
At 2.40 cock came, and at 2.43 hen ; she flew round the
tree for a while and then sat across one of the upper branches.
At 12.52 hen returned, accompanied by the cock; she fed
the young and then went into the nest, and when she left the
cock did likewise.
At 3 p.m. hen arrived, but lelt immediately, and at 3.2 the
cock came, but left immediately, neither bird entering the
nest ; a gathering storm burst about 3 just before the birds
arrived, and the young quieted down.
It was very dark, and the lightning and thunder were
terrific. The young stayed quiet during the storm and
neither parent came near. I was interested to note that the
parents did not take refuge from the storm in the nesting
hole, although the rain was a deluge, and the lightning struck
a birch less than 100 feet from rny tent. After the storm
ceased, I left the tent and packed up, as both my camera (a
N. & G. Trellis) and I were very wet, and the tent was
136 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS. INSECTS, ETC.
dripping. There are pleasanter places than a wet bird tent
in a heavy lightning storm. Fortunately the camera was
not a penny the worse for its soaking.
June 17. I started at 6.30 a.m. At 6.35 cock came' to
the nest and made a great fuss.
At 6.50 the hen came after a few preliminary "churcks," and
fed the young and cleaned the nest. She brought bulky
insects held crosswise in her bill, but what species or even
order I could not see.
At 6.52 the cock arrived, giving a single "cluck;" at 6.57
the hen came and fed young and cleaned nest. The young
were just as vociferous as ever. As I was now nearer the nest,
having moved the tent, I found the noise more like someone
hammering metal on an anvil some distance away. I also
found the sound was ventriloquial, and put this down to the
fact that the noise was made in a hole, and projecting from
the orifice returned to me after striking neighbouring trees.
At 7.7 one parent returned and the young altered their
tone.
At 7.15 the cock arrived and fed the young with 3 geometer
moths and 3 or 4 large green geometer larvse (or possibty
B. parthcnias). I then had to leave the nest to get ready for
office work.
June 21, 10.22 a.m. The young are nearly as large as their
parents and their crests are very bright indeed now. I was
quite unable to determine the number of the brood ; one only
at a time came to the entrance, and it may have been the only
one. I could not distinguish more than one voice, but that
may have been due to my deafness, nor could I recognize
any difference in size, colour, or personal appearance in the
head or successive heads looking out of the hole.
At 10.35 an adult arrived, but I could not see which. At
10.40 the cock, at 11.5 the cock again, and at 11.7 the hen
arrived and fed the young. At 11.10 the cock brought what
looked like a mouthful of Scoparias. At 11.14 the young
were silent for a few seconds ; this was a noteworthy event.
The hen arrived and fed them, but they started off the moment
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 137
she went. The note of the young bird is slower and less shrill
when the parents arrive, but their incessant stridulation is
very trying to the human ear perhaps I should say my ear,
since the pitch never varies and it is very shrill indeed.
The cock came at 11.14.40, 11.22, 11.45, 11.26, and 11.41.
The hen came at 11.17, 11.22.30, 11.25, 11.34, and I believe
11.40. At 11.50 the young were silent for one minute and
fairly quiet for two, but a Phylloscopus Irochilus struck up
close to my tent and started them going in full blast again.
At 12, one of the parents brought a large moth, but was
so fidgetty I never determined which it was, and it made
three attempts to give it to the young bird before it was
successful ; not from any lack of eagerness on the part of the
young bird, but the parent seemed to have some difficulty
in getting the moth into a satisfactory position.
The cock came at 12.15, 12.18, 12.27, and 12.50, hen at
12.16, 12.20, 12.45, and 12.50. I then went to lunch, as a
heavy storm seemed working up. I did not return till 3.5.
At 3.15 arid 3.45 the hen fed the young, and at 3.22 the cock.
At 3.56 something must have upset the birds, as the cock (?)
came up, but announced arrival by a " churck ;" after feeding
the J 7 oung it hunted the tree with the nest in, but found nothing.
At 4.4 the hen came, at 4.4.40 the cock, and at 4.5 the hen.
again ; she went off " churcking." At 4.9 one of the birds
pitched in the tree and went off, and at 4.15 one flew past
the tree. At 4.45 the hen came to the nest with a mouthful
of what I felt sure were Scoparias, and after leaving the tent I
met one of the birds outside with a noctua about the size of
Acronycta psi in its beak.
June 24, 1 started work at 6.25 a.m. Unfortunately the
cock arrived as I was settling and left with a good deal of
" churcking " as a result ; the old birds announced their
arrival and were very suspicious and very quick, giving me
little chance to determine their sex, and less to see \\hat
they brought. The young were on this date almost as big
as the parents and almost indistinguishable in voice, and
w r ere sufficiently advanced in their education to pick up flies
138 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
from the entrance of the nest. I believe I recognised two
young birds on this date, one being greyer at the side of the
cheek than the other. A parent bird came to the nest at
6.40 and at 6.52. At 7 the cock came, and at 7.7 the hen
\\ ith Mii.-ill insects (order ?). At 7.9 the cock brought further
small insects (order ?). At 7.14 and 7.17 the hen fed the
young, and at 7.20 the cock ; after this I had to leave.
On June 28 the nest was empty, but E.H.C. saw one of
the young on this date as it caine to feed near his tent
and finally blundered into the side of the tent, and after that
sat upon a young aspen poplar forming part of the
" decorations " to E.H.C. 's tent (see under G. viridis). W.P.C.
Cuculus canorus (The Cuckoo).
One at Wareham 13 April. A second at Worgrett near
Wareham on 25th April. Heard for the first time at Canford,
April 26. One only heard at Canford May 3. This bird was
very scarce according to our experience. (W.P.C. and E.H.C.).
Micropus apus (The Swift).
April 29 W.P.C. counted 18 at Poole. April 30 E.H.C.
counted eight, so apparently some had moved further on.
July 3. There were 30 or 40 feeding over the Freshwater
Lake at Poole, but we were not entirely satisfied that this
represented a downward movement, as they were still present
in customary numbers at Littlesea on July 26.
On August 22. One only was seen at Swanage, so evidently
the main body had left the country. (W.P.C. and E.H.C.)
Htrix ftammea (The Barn Owl).
March 8 one found shot near a barn outside Berewood, in
close proximity to (a) hen's eggs that had been sucked by a
rat and (b) a rat trap set in a bank. Altogether, a nice
example of bucolic prejudice and stupidity, and of the way
not to do things. (W.P.C. and E.H.C.)
Circus cyaneus (The Hen Harrier).
We had a good sight of a hen bird of this species on 22nd
March at Woodbury Hill. (W.P.C. and E.H.C.)
Circus pyargus (The Montagu's Harrier.)
18th April one seen at Canford (W.P.C. and E.H.C.)
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 139
Accipiter nisus (The Sparrow Hawk.)
28 Feb. On Broadstone Golf Links we saw this bird with a
bird in its talons and noted that the prey was carried close
up under the body.
On the other hand, on 26 April E.H.C. saw one carrying
a chaffinch, and it carried the prey with its (sc. the hawk's)
legs down. On June 2 E.H.C. saw A. nisus carrying a
young blackbird ; it broke out of a hedge with the prey in
its talons, but directly it started to fly fast it tucked the prey
up under its stomach.
On 2 May whilst a cousin, who is an amateur photographer
but not a naturalist, w r as in charge of one camera in a bird
tent photographing Merula merula, a sparrow hawk took
two young out of the nest.
We carefully covered the nest and fenced it with spruce
boughs intending the next day to try to get a photograph
of the hawk taking the remaining bird, but notwithstanding
our precautions he was up earlier than we were. We sub-
sequently found the remains of the young birds in the hawk's
larder (W.P.C. and E.H.C.).
Vanellus cristatus (The Lapwing).
Two nests with eggs on 12 April at Wareham (W.P.C. and
E.H.C.).
Scolopax rusticola (The Woodcock).
1 March, one flushed in Berewood by W.P.C. 8 March,
another flushed in Berewood.
21 March, a bird flushed at Canford.
On 22 March we again went to Berewood hoping this bird
might be nesting, but we saw none and the keepers told us
they had cleared off a week ago. (W.P.C. and E.H.C.).
Gallinago gallinago (The Common Snipe).
At Berewood on 22 March. Two nests were found, one
with one egg and one with three, in very wet places. We
noted that the snipe do not always identify the patch of
rushes in which the nest is with absolutely certainty.
Both the nests were deserted on 29th March, having
apparently been flooded out by the heavy rain of the week.
140 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
5 April we found a nest with four eggs in a much drier
situation. This hatched off. (W.P.C. and E.H.C.).
Totanus hypoleucus. (The Sandpiper).
July 14 at Poole, on downward migration. (W.P.C. 'and
E.H.C.).
Numenius phaeopus (The Whimbrel or Maybird).
April 29, E.H.C. heard four at Sandbanks, Poole Harbour.
August 14. Late at night E.H.C. heard a goodly company
pass over Poole accompanied by Ringplovers, Redshanks,
and either God wit or Knots.
August 15. Late at night E.H.C. heard probably the
same company go south over Swanage, with some Knots,
but no Ringed-plovers. E.H.C. surmises that those heard
on the 14th had rested and fed in the Poole Harbour and
passed on southward the following night. (E.H.C.).
Stercorarius crepidatus (Richardson's Skua).
A specimen of the dark form observed standing on the ice
in Poole Harbour on 24 Jan. (W.P.C.)
Turtur turtur (The Turtle Dove).
One seen at Canford April 26. This bird is not at all
abundant near Poole, in fact it is quite unusual. (W.P.C.).
Crex crex (The Corncrake or Landrail).
It was heard (but not by me) after many years' absence
at Pulham, Dorchester (J.R.).
Gallinula chloropus (The Moorhen).
Nest and 3 eggs at Pulham on April 10. (J.R.).
Columba aeneas (The Stock Dove).
Heard cooing for first time April 3. (J.R.).
REPTILIA.
Tropidonolus natrix (Grass Snake). On Feb. 3. (S.E.V.F.)
Rana tempora (the Frog). Spawn on Feb. 10 at Wool.
(S.E.V.F.)
Pdias berus (The Viper). A male at Berewood on March
22. (W .P.O.)
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 141
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142 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
INSECTS.
(NOTES BY W.P.C.)
Throughout the year 1 was much hampered by an unruly
appendix which will trouble me no more. 1914 was a
distinctly unfavourable year, the weather was very bad
during the early part of the Spring, and we had an abnormally
high number of wet Saturdays and Sundays, which rendered
field work well-nigh impossible ; added to this, as will be
seen by the bird notes under my own and my brother's
initials, we were much engaged on the investigation we are
making with regard to bird attacks on lepidoptera. After
the declaration of war it seemed inadvisable to be about at
night with powerful lamps, and so a scheme we had for work-
ing the Frome Valley for reed insects fell through and we
attempted no night work.
March was characterised by high wind, low temperature,
and much wet, but Tephrosia bistortata was out on March 15
at Canford and Chimabache jagella on March 21. Whilst
on March 28 I obtained Amphidasys prodromaria at rest at
Canford, an insect I have not previously met with there.
(W. P. C.).
On the 5th April the only insect seen moving all day was a
bumble bee. On the 17th April I obtained at Bloxworth
Tacniocampa gracilis var. rufescens, Cockerell ; whilst this
form has previously been taken at Poole, I do not think it
has been taken so far into the county before. On the 18th
April I obtained two further specimens near Hyde, and a
specimen of the grey form with pink fringes. On the 25th
April Cyaniris argiolus was out. On the 26th April 1 saw
Brephos nolha at Canford, but failed to catch it.
In April the weather looked up a little, but May was wet
and in great part dull and chilly, except about the 16th, when
Lycaena icarus, Chrysophanus phloeas, Nisionades tages, and
Argynnis euphrosyne appeared. On 26 June Mr. Lewis, a
chemist at Poole, brought me a female Zeuzera aesculi taken
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 143
by him in Poole Park, and Mrs. E. Hudson, of Parkstone,
obtained a second specimen about the same time. This
insect is decidedly rare in Dorset, according to my experience.
On 20th June I took Eupisteria obliterata at Canford.
On the 27th June, which was a hot day, I noted Pieris
rapae drinking at a reservoir after the manner of a swallow.
There were several, and they dipped to the surface and took a
drink, rising again and repeating the process. On the 2nd
August I took 5 Coenocalpe vittata on Handley Down near
Cranborne, and on 13 September 5 Dicranura bifida cocoons
at the same place. On the 20th September Pyrameis atalanla
and Pyrameis cardui were not uncommon, and on September
27th Nomophila noctuella was abundant in Purbeck. In
the latter part of October I saw a single quite fresh male
Colias edusa. On 1st November I saw P. atalanta sunning
itself on rhododendron bushes which were then in bloom,
and on the 27th December I saw a specimen of Erastalis
tenax sunning itself on a piece of galvanized iron roofing.
(17). The records of April 4 and April 8 to the credit of the
late Mr. J. C. Mansel-Pleydell and of April 8 by Mr. E. S.
Rodd, which last record has been questioned by Mr. N. M.
Richardson, are in fact the earliest recorded dates. I have
myself rejected April 21 as a possible date, in this very report.
I do not quite understand, having regard to the known life
history of this insect, how it is possible to explain the records
except on the basis of mistaken identity. None of the
records in question stand in the name of a lepidopterist.
Being a lepidopterist myself and knowing the ease with which
mistakes as to identity may be made, especially if an insect
be moving, I feel no very great reluctance in stating that I do
not believe the records to relate to Epinephele jurtina. They
may possibly relate to Parage egeria v. egerides, to Parage
megaera, or to Aglais urticae, which if worn and faded might
be mistaken by anyone who was not a collector of lepidoptera.
144 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
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FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 145
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146 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
The following is extracted from the " Botanical Journal " :-
Ranunculus ophioglossifolius (Vill). " Specimens have
just been received at the N.H. Museum, S. Kensington, of
this very interesting and almost extinct British species
collected by Mr. Ronald Good in June, 1914, in a very wet
and marshy meadow near Dorchester. It is well known to
Botanists. It was once a native of Saint Peter's, Jersey,
and Mr. Arthur Bennett has a specimen dated 1872, but
Mr. J. C. Melville failed to find it in 1876. It was found by
Mr. J. Groves, in 1882, in a wet ditch west of Hythe, Hants,
and it is recorded for E. Gloucestershire in 1890 by Mr. F. J.
Hanbury (Journ. of Botany [1890], 282), and there are also
specimens in the Museum Herbarium from near Badgworth,
collected by Mr. Montgomery in 1912. The distinguishing
features are the very small, pale yellow flowers, the longer
petioled cordit'orm lower leaves, the small achenes with a
very short style tubercled on the sides."
GENERAL REMARKS.
J.R. Notes :
20 and 21 March Snow rather heavy.
19 Jan. and 22 May Thunderstorm.
June 8 A single exceedingly heavy peal
in the afternoon.
,,9 A little thunder.
>, 14 Heavy thunder.
,, 18 & July 2 Some thunder.
Aug. 14 A heavy storm about four hours.
Dec. 19 A little thunder.
BAROMETRIC READINGS.
Average. Highest. Lowest.
January 30'0 ... 321 ... 29'47
February ... 29*4 ... 29'81 ... 28-25
March 29-317 ... .29'84 ... 28'35
A P ri l ... 29-753 32-0 29-175
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 147
Average. Highest. Lowest.
May 29-774 ... 30'04 ... 29-23
June 29-72 ... 30'0 ... 29-26
July 29-54 ... 29'80 ... 29'10
August ... 29-71 ... 30-01 ... 29'26
September ... 29-72 ... 30'09 ... 29'16
October December, absent from house.
9mos. ... 29.66 ... 32.1 ... 28.25
E.S.R. notes that this is the 43rd consecutive year in which
he had made a return (surely a record for the Club. Ed.).
January mild generally, hard frosts the beginning and
middle. 17th to 24th of month 17 of frost registered at
Chardstock. Ice would bear for skating. A wet and stormy
March, making all farm and garden work very backward.
April 10th to 23rd we had a lovely bout of bright warm spring
weather. Trees and vegetation made quick growth. We
had a fine summer, and a very good and abundant Hay
Harvest and Corn Harvest.
It w r as a remarkable year for abundance of all Garden
Fruit, and for all wild fruit. We had some hot weather in
June, July was rather wet and cold, but from the middle of
August to the beginning of September we had some very hot
weather, enabling the Corn Harvest to be carted in splendid
condition.
There was an eclipse of the sun on August 21 and an
observation was made of it at Chardstock about midday.
Wet, rather chilly, weather set in on the 10th September
after a beautiful, fine, hot four w r eeks of lovely summer and
autumn weather.
The Summer of 1914 was remarkable for thunderstorms
and the damage they did. An abundant and beautiful
autumn, with the first days of November quite mild, fine,
and warm. December closed with unprecedented wet and
floods, though Christmas day was hard frost.
fcntatibc Account of tijc jfungi of
(East
PART II.
By the Rev. E. F. LINTON, M.A., F.L.S.
former Part of my paper on the Fungi of
East Dorset (Vol. xxxv., p. 143, &c.,
1914) recorded the species of one Family
Agaricineae Fr., which includes the greater
portion of the whole number of species that
have been observed, leaving the remainder
of the Families and Orders for consideration
in this second and concluding portion.
During the year which has elapsed since
Part I was written, several additional notes have accumulated
of species of Family 1, A garicineae, which took up the whole
of that Part.
Most of these additions to Part I have been recorded by
Mr. C. B. Green, of Swanage, from the part of the county
within a few miles of Swanage. When I invited him last
FUNGI OF EAST DORSET. 149
summer to co-operate with me in collecting material for this
paper, he promptly accepted my invitation ; and with some
previous knowledge of this class of plant he has done
remarkably good work in observing so many species in a
single season, and has added much to the value of my
contribution to the knowledge of the Fungi of East Dorset.
At my suggestion Mr. Green availed himself of the special
knowledge of Mr. J. F. Rayner, F.R.H.S., by submitting to
him all those species which he was not quite familiar with,
so that all his records about which there was any doubt have
been confirmed by a specialist. I take the opportunity of
again expressing my great obligation to Mr. Rayner for the
assistance which he has so willingly accorded both to Mr.
Green and to myself.
My thanks are also due to the Director of the Royal Gardens,
Kew, for having some of the microscopic Fungi named b^y
members of his staff.
In this portion of my paper the supplementary records
of the Agaricineae are dealt with first, and the remaining
Families, &c., follow in due order. For convenience, the
Synopsis of Classes, Orders and Families is reprinted as a
Table of Contents. An Index of the Genera mentioned in
the course of this paper will be found at the end.
Mr. C. B. Green's initials are appended to all localities or
groups of localities reported by him ; and Mrs. Baker's and
Mrs. Pringle's names follow the records which they have
respectively contributed.
150 FUNGI OF EAST DORSET.
NOPSIS.
FUNGI.
Class I. BASIDIOMYCETES.
Order I. H YMESOM YCETr
Family 1. AGARICLSEAE Fr.
Section 1. Leucosporse Fr.
Section 2. Rhodospora? Sacc.
3. Ochrospora? Sacc.
4. Melanospora? Sacc.
Family 2. POLYPOBEAE Fr.
3. HYDXEAE Fr.
4. THELEPHOREAE Pers.
5. CLAVARTEAE Corda.
6. TREMEIXIXEAE Fr.
Order n. PILACREAE.
Order TTT GASTEEOM TCETE<.
Family 1. PHALLOTDEAE Fr.
2. XlDtXARIACEAE Fr.
3. LYCOPERDACEAE Ehrb.
4. SCLERODERMEAE Fr.
5. HYMEXOGASTRACEAE Vitt.
Order IV. UREDISALES.
Order V. USTILEGIXALE8.
Class H. ASCOMYCETES.
Order I. GYMSOASCACEAE.
Order H. P YREXOM YCET-.
Order HI. DISCOMYCE7
Class HI. PHYCOMYCETES
Class IV. DEUTEROMYCETES
MYCETOZOA.
FU^GI OF EAST DORSET. 151
FUNGI.
Class I. BASIDIOMYCETES.
Family 1. AGAEJCDTF.AF. Fr.
(SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES to Part I., chiefly contributed
by Air. C. B. GREEX from Porbeck).
Genus 1. AMAKITA Fr.
A. phalloides Fr. Pine wood X. of Corfe Castle, C. B. G.
Furze Common Copse.
A. pantherina Fr. Birches Copse.
A. musearia Fr. Trigon Park, plenty : pine wood X.
of Corfe Castle ; near Scotland Farm : Arne Woods ;
Encombe Woods, C. B. G.
A. mbeseens Fr. Pine wood X. of Corfe Castle, C. B. G.
A. spissa Fr. Maldry Wood, St. Giles.
Genus 2. AMANITOPSIS Roze.
A. vaginata Roze. Edniondsham.
Genus 3. LEPIOTA Fr.
L. procera Scop. "Parasol Mushroom. 7 ' About
Swanage. plentifully : Ballaid and Xine Barrow
Downs : Corfe Common meadows : Creech Downs.
C. B. G.
L. graeilenta Fr. (Lat., slender).
Woods, heaths. &c. ; uncommon : edible.
Pasture next Hyles\ Edniondsham.
L. holosericea Fr. (Gr.. silky all over).
On turf, gardens. &c. Xine Barrow Do wn. C. B.G.
Genus 4. ARMILLARIA Fr.
A. mellea Vahl. Abundant in a meadow, Studland.
A. mucida Schrad. Rempstone Wood, on beech;
Creech Grange. C. B. G.
I.")!* FUNGI OF EAST DORSET.
Genus 5. TRICHOLOMA Fr.
T. acerbum Bull Maldry Wood, St. Giles. Edmond-
sliam Rectory lawn.
T. rutilans Schaeff. Pine wood N. of Corfe Castle.
T. terreum Schaeff. Near Swanage ; Durlston ; King-
ston woodland ; Quince Hill Wood. Var.
argyraceum, plentiful in Durlston plantations,
C. B. G.
T. personatum Fr. Above Swanage quarries ; Herston ;
Nine Barrow Downs ; Peveril Down ; Meadow
by Quince Hill Wood, Langton ; Corfe Meadows.
T. nudum Bull. Durlston ; pine wood, Bushey,
C. B. G.
T. grammopodium Bull. Meadow, Bushey, C. B. G.
T. sordidum Fr. (Latin, dirty, from its squalid appear-
ance or discoloration when going over). Above
Swanage quarries ; Herston ; Durlston ; Quince
Hill Wood, Langton, C. B. G.
T. paedidum Fr. (Latin, nasty, stinking).
Peveril Downs, and above Swanage quarries,
C. B. G.
Genus 6. CLITOCYBE Fr.
C. nebularis Batsch. Nine Barrow Down ; down near
Chapman's Pool, C. B. G.
C. odora Bull. (For J. C. Rayner, p. 11, read J. F.
Rayner). Woodland, Sutton Holms, near Edmond-
sham.
C. rivulosa Pers. An abnormal form (Rayner), downs
near Chapman's Pool, C. B. G.
C. infundibuliformis Schaeff. Durlston plantations ;
Quince Hill Wood ; Woodhouse Wood, Studland,
C. B. G.
C. flaccida (Sow.) Fr. Pine wood, Bushey, C. B. G.
C. cyathiformis Bull. Near Whitecliff Farm, Swanage.
C. fragrans (Sow.) Fr. Quince Hill Wood, Langton,
C. B. G.
FUNGI OF EAST DORSET. 153
Genus 7. LACCARIA Berk.
L. laccata Berk. Godlingston Heath, C. B. G. Var.
amethystina Vaill. Pine wood N. of Corfe Castle,
C. B. G.
Genus 8. COLLYBIA Fr.
C. radicata Rehl. Kingston Woodlands, C. B. G.
C. maculata A. and S. Durlston ; Woodland near
Scotland Farm ; Godlingstone Heath ; pine wood
N. of Corfe Castle, abundant ; Creech Heath,
C. B. G.
C. butyracea Bull. Nine Barrow Down ; Durlston
plantations ; pine wood, Bushey ; pine wood N.
of Corfe Castle, C. B. G.
C. velutipes (Curt.) Fr. Nine Barrow Down, C. B. G.
Genus 9. MYCENA Fr.
M. tintinnabulum Fr. New Swanage, on bramble, C. B. G.
Genus 12. HYGROPHORUS Fr.
H. coccineus Fr. Golf Links, Swanage ; Nine Barrow
Down ; Corfe Common, C. B. G.
H. miniatus Fr. Nine Barrow Down ; Meadow by
Quince Hill Wood ; Corfe Common, C. B. G.
H. puniceus Fr. Corfe Common, C. B. G.
H. conicus Fr. Creech Heath, C. B. G.
H. chlorophanus Fr. Nine Barrow Down, C. B. G.
H. psittacinus (Schaeff.) Fr. Golf Links, Swanage.
H. virgineus (Wulf.) Cke. Nine Barrow Down ; Remp-
stone Heath, C. B. G.
H. niveus Fr. (Lat., snowy, from the colour).
Golf links, and pastures N. of Swanage ; Ballard
Down ; Peveril Downs ; Herston ; Corfe Common,
C. B. G.
Genus 13. LACTARIUS Fr.
L. pyrogalus Fr. Sutton Copse, near Sutton Holms.
154 FUNGI OF EAST DORSET.
L. vellereus Fr. Quince Hill Wood ; woodland near
Scotland Farm, C. B. G. Maldry Wood, St.
Giles'.
L. deliciosus Fr. Fitz worth Heath ; woodland near
Scotland Farm, C. B. G. Sutton Copse.
L. thejogalus Bull. (Gr., theion, sulphur, gala, milk,
from the colour of the sap after exposure). In
woods ; not common. Pine wood N. of Corfe
Castle, C. B. G.
L. serifluus Fr. Pine woods at Bushey and Rempstone,
C. B. G.
Genus 14. RUSSULA Fr.
R. integra Fr. (Lat., entire, perfect in form).
In woods ; uncommon. Maldry Wood, St. Giles',
or Sutton Copse, both near Edmondsham.
R. densifolia Seer. Quince Hill Wood, C. B. G.
R. caerulea Fr. (Lat., blue, the cap being purple,
shading to bluish at the margin). Woodhouse
Wood, Studland ; Herston, under pines ; pine
wood N. of Corfe Castle.
R. drimeia Cke. Woodhouse Wood; pine woods,
Bushey, Rempstone, and N. jDf Corfe ; Fitzworth
Heath ; Godlingston Heath ; near Scotland Farm,
C. B. G.
R. veternosa Fr. (Lat., languid, from its doubtful
affinities). In woods ; rare. Quince Hill Wood,
Langton, C. B. G.
R. foetens Fr. Birches Copse.
Genus 15. CANTHARELLUS Adans.
C. cibarius Fr. Maldry Wood, St. Giles'.
C. aurantiacus Fr. Nine Barrow Down, C. B. G.
Genus 17. MARASMIUS Fr.
M. oreades Fr. Abundant in the Swanage district ;
Bal'ard, Nine Barrow and Creech Downs, C. B. G.
FUNGI OF EAST DORSET. 155
Genus 19. PANUS Fr.
P. stypticus Fr. On a stump, Great Down, and Castle
Hill Wood.
Genus 22. ENTOLOMA Fr.
E. sinuatum Fr. Maldry Wood or Sutton Copse.
E. sericeum Fr. (Lat., silky). Among grrss ; common
by the New Forest list. Nine Barrow Down, and
N. of New Swanage ; Corfe Common, C. B. G.
Genus 27. PHOLIOTA Fr.
P. aegerita Fr. (Lat., decaying ?). On trunks of
poplar, ash, &c., apparently rare, as it is absent
from the New Forest list. Whitecliff Farm, near
Swanage, on Ash, C. B. G.
P. squarrosa (Muell.) Fr. Hill Bottom woodland, near
Kingston, C. B. G.
Genus 28. INOCYBE Fr.
I. rimosa Fr. Edmondsham Rectory lawn.
I. scabella Fr. Edmondsham Rectory garden.
Genus 29. HEBELOMA Fr.
H. fastibile Fr. Pine wood, Bushey, C. B. G.
Genus 32. GALERA Fr.
G. tenera (Schaeff) Fr. (Lat., delicate, tender). In
pastures and woods ; fairly common. Peveril
Down ; hilly pastures N. of New Swanage ; Corfe
Common ; Encombe Downs, C. B. G.
Genus 33. TUBARIA W. G. Smith.
T. furfuraeea Pers. W. G. Smith. Among grass,
Diirlston ; on furze, New Swanage, C. B. G.
Genus 34. CREPIDOTUS Fr.
C. mollis Fr. Encombe woodland, many, on dead
Ash, C. B. G.
156 FUNGI OF EAST DORSET.
Genus 35. CORTINARIUS Fr. (Subgenus II., for
Myxaium, read Myxacium, p. 32).
C. tabularis Fr. (Lat., table-like, from the cap).
In woods ; not very common. Birches Copse.
C. caninus Fr. Creech Meadows, C. B. G.
C. hinnuleus Fr. Pine wood N. of Corfe Castle, C. B. G
Genus 36. PAXILLUS Fr.
P. involutus Fr. Durlston plantations ; Quince Hill
Wood ; near Scotland Farm ; pine woods, Bushey
and N. of Corfe Castle, C. B. G.
Genus 37. AGARICUS Linn, pro pte.
A. arvensis Schaeff. Ballard, Nine Barrow and Creech
Downs ; Creech Meadow (very large) ; Dow r ns W. of
Lighthouse, abnormal, i.e., rough, spongy, cracked ;
variation due to situation. Not so common as
the next, C. B. G.
A. campestris L. Abundant in the district (Purbeck) ;
on the chalk downs often rough and warted, C. B. G.
Genus 38. STROPHARIA Fr.
S. aeruginosa (Curt.) Fr. Nine Barrow Down, C. B. G.
S. merdaria Fr. Nine Barrow Down ; Corfe Common,
C. B. G.
S. semiglobata Fr. Creech Heath, C. B. G. Hyles',
near Edmondsham.
Genus 39. HYPHOLOMA Fr.
H. fasciculare (Huds.) Fr. Golf links, Swanage ; Stud-
land ; Durlston ; Herston ; Quince Hill Wood ;
Middle Plantation, Rempstone, C. G. B.
Genus 40. PSILOCYBE Fr.
P. ericaea (Pers.) Fr. (Gr., growing on heaths).
Heathy ground ; not uncommon. Studland
Heath, C. B. Green.
FUNGI OF EAST DORSET. 157
Genus 42. BOLBITIUS Fr.
B. fragilis Fr. Nine Barrow Down, on dung, C. B. G.
Genus 43. COPRINUS Pers.
C. atramentarius Fr. Swanage, Churchyard, C. B. G.
Edmondsham near the Church, and towards Sutton
Holms.
C. fimetarius Fr. Studland, C. B. G. Stable-yard,
Edmondsham House ; and Rectory Grounds.
C. micaceus Fr. Durlston plantations ; Encombe
Downs, C. B. G.
C. eomatus (Fl. Dan.) Pers. (Lat., with long hair,
shaggy, from the appearance of the cap). In grass,
woods, &c., frequently near refuse heaps. Not
common ; edible. Ulwell, and two or three places
near Swanage, C. B. G. Near the gamekeeper's,
Edmondsham, in hard lane-side ground.
C. deliquescens Fr. Ulwell ; Coombe near Swanage,
C. B. G. By Edmondsham Church gate.
C. domesticus Fr. '? (Lat., connected with houses). In
garden ground, Swanage, C. B. G., who reports that
the specimen was not in the best order for identi-
fication.
Genus 44. PANAEOLUS Fr.
P. phalaenarum Fr. On dung, Studland, C. B. G.
Genus 45. PSATHYRELLA Fr.
P. gracilis (Pers.) Fr. Herston, C. B. G.
P. atomata Fr. Rough ground, Swanage, C. B. Green.
Genus 46. GOMPHIDIUS Fr. (Gr. gomphos, a large nail
or bolt, from the peg-top shape of the pileus.) A
peculiar genus with soft decurrent gills, at length
dingy olive.
G. glutinosus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Lat., sticky). Usually under
conifers, not common. Fitzworth Heath, C. B. G.
158 FUNGI OF EAST DORSET.
This brings the Supplementary Notes of Part I. to a con-
clusion, consisting of the extensive observations of Mr. C. B.
Green, of Swanage, for Purbeck, and some additional records
from Edmondsham and the immediate neighbourhood.
PART II. -
Class I. BASIDIOMYCETES.
Order I. HYMENOCETES.
Family 2. POLYPOREAE Fr.
Genus 1. BOLETUS Linn. (Latin for a mushroom, perhaps
from Gr. bolus, a clod, from the round shape of the
pileus). Roundly convex, like a mushroom, but
hymenium perforated with numerous pores.
B. luteus Linn. (Lat., pale yellow, the colour of the
cap under the gluten). In woods, chiefly of pine,
common ; edible. Furze Common Copse, and Castle
Hill Wood, in Edmondsham ; Martin Wood 3m. E.
and plantation 1m. S.E. of Cranborne ; fir plantation
near Mt. Pleasant, Horton.
B. flavus With. (Lat., golden-yellow.)
Margin of pine woods, &c., fairly common ; edible
but mucilaginous. Great Down Copse, and wood
S. of Castle Hill ; plantations S.E. of Cranborne, and
S. of Daggon's Road Station.
B. chrysenteron Fr. (Gr., golden within, from the
colour of the flesh).
In woods ; not uncommon ; pileus often showing
cracks, interstices reddish. Copse and dry grass
field adjoining Birches' Copse ; Castle Hill Wood
and another wood S. of Castle Hill.
B. variegatus Swartz. (Lat., variegated, from the
speckled cap).
FUNGI OF EAST DOBSET. 159
In fir woods chiefly, not common. Fitzworth
Heath, C. B. Green. Ferndown, Mrs. Pringle.
Fir plantation, |m.S. of Daggon's Road Station.
B. badius Linn. (Lat., bay-coloured ; reddish-brown).
In woods, chiefly under firs ; common, edible ;
pores turning green when bruised. Ferndown,
Mrs. Pringle. Cole Hill ; Lower Mannington, Mrs.
E. W. Baker. Furze Common Copse. Bottle brush
Down, near Cranborne. Woods at Alderholt.
Wood E. of Broadstone. Branksome Park.
B. bovinus Linn. (Lat., of an ox, from the reddish-
buff cap).
Heathy fir woods, &c., locally common. Edible.
Fitzworth Heath ; Woodhouse Wood ; wood N.
of Corfe Castle ; wood near Scotland Farm, C. B.
Green. Ferndown, Mrs. Pringle. Lower Mannington,
Mrs. Baker. Branksome Park. Fir plantation,
Broadstone. Do. Jm. S. of Daggon's Road
' Station.
B. granulatus Linn. (Lat., with granules, on the pore
divisions). Under pines ; uncommon ; edible.
Pine wood, Studland, C. B. Green.
B. edulis Bull. (Lat., eatable).
In woods usually ; fairly frequent ; edible.
Woodland near Scotland Farm ; firwood N. of
Corfe Castle ; Slape Heath ; Trigon Park ; w r ood
between Wareham and Lytchett Minster, C. B.
Green. Woodland by Castle Hill, Cranborne, and
S. of Castle Hill, Edmondsham. Furze Common
Copse. Sutton Holms. Birches Copse. Maldry
Wood, St. Giles'.
B. felleus Bull. (Lat., full of gall, from tha acrid
taste).
A handsome species, with pinkish pores and
spores, flesh turning pink when cut ; rare, not in
the N. Forest list. Fir plantation |m. S. of
Daggon's Road Station.
160 FUNGI OF EAST DORSET.
B. laricinus Berk. (Lat., of larches).
On ground under larches ; scarce ; flesh and
pores white at first, then tinged with yellow. Copse
by Great Down, Edmondsham. Furze Common
Copse. Plantation S. of Cranborne.
B. scaber Fr. (Lat., rough, from the scaly stem).
In woods ; fairly common ; edible ; pores white,
then dingy olive-brown. Wood near Scotland
farm ; pine wood N. of Corfe Castle, C. B. Green.
Sutton Holms. Castle Hill Wood. Woods,
Alderholt, N. of Daggon's Road Station.
Genus 2. FISTULINA Bull. (Lat., fistula, a pipe, from
the tubes, which are free from each other).
F. hepatica Fr. (Gr., of the liver, from its appearance).
On trunks of living trees, oak, beech, &c. ;
known as" beef -steak," edible, but flavourless;
said to be common, e.g., in the New Forest ; only
observed in East Dorset at Witchampton, Mrs.
E. W. Baker.
Genus 3. POLYPORUS Mich. (Gr., polys, many, poros,
a tube, from the crowded pores of hymenium).
Usually soft at first, becoming hard or tough ; stem
lateral or absent.
P. rufescens Fr. (Lat., inclined to red, reddish).
On dead stumps ; not very common. Attached
laterally to a stake near the base, Edmondsham
Rectory garden.
P. squamosus Fr. (Lat., scaly, from the scales covering
the pileus).
On trunks, stumps, &c., ; stem black at the
base ; not common. Sometimes very large.
Durlston ; Studland (on elm) ; near Corfe Castle
(on Black Poplar). C. B. Green. Withy beds,
Crichel, Mrs. Baker. On a beech trunk in the
avenue N. side of St. Giles' Park.
FUNGI OF EAST DORSET. 161
P. sulphureus Fr. (Lat., sulphur-coloured).
On trunks ; not common ; yellowish, attached
laterally, usually with no stem. On the stump
of an oak not very long cut down, in a field,
Edmondsham. On an apple trunk, in a garden,
Longham.
P. hispidus Fr. (Lat., hairy, or bristly).
On living ash trunks and other trees, laterally
attached, sessile ; rusty brown ; not common.
On elm, Godlingston, near Swanage, C. B. Green.
P. nidulans Fr. (Lat., nest-building, probably from
its occasional appearance).
On trunks and fallen branches ; fragrant when
dry ; far from common. Talbot Wood, Langton,
on rotten oak branch, C. B. Green.
P. mollis Fr. (Lat., soft).
On dead pine stumps ; not common in the Forest,
nor in this district ; soft to the touch, pores white,
reddish when bruised. Pine wood near Broadstone.
P. betulinus Fr. (Lat., betula, a birch tree, its usual host).
On trunks of birches that are moribund ; said
to be common in the N. Forest, not so in East
Dorset ; bulky with a thick fleshy pileus. In
the northern section of Furze Common Copse,
Edmondsham.
P. borealis Fr. (Lat., northern).
On stumps of larch and fir ; not common.
Furze Common Copse.
P. adustus Fr. (Lat., scorched, in allusion to the dark
grey-brown hymenium). Durlston plantations ;
Ballard Down, C. B. Green. Dead Man's Corner,
Cranborne, on beech stumps. Castle Hill Wood.
Birches Copse near Sutton Holms. Belt N. side
of St. Giles' Park.
P. amorphus Fr. (Gr., shapeless).
On rotten pine branches or spreading over pine
leaves on the ground ; pileus white ; pores golden-
162 FUNGI OF EAST DORSET.
yellow ; common. Middle Plantation, Itempston,
on pine stump, C. B. Green. Ferndown, Mrs.
Pringle. Fir plantation, Jm. S. of Daggon's Road
Station.
P. caesius Fr. (Lat., bluish-gray).
On dead trunks, especially pine ; white turning
glaucous or bluish-gray ; rare. Pine wood, Broad-
stone.
P. fragilis Fr. (Lat., easily broken).
On decayed fir-w r ood ; whitish, spotted with
brown when touched ; uncommon. Fir wood N.
of Ferndown. Branksome Park.
P. adiposus B. and Br. (Lat., same as adipatus ? fatty,
greasy).
On trunks and on the ground near stumps ; white
tinged with and turning brown ; rare, not in the N.
Forest list. Castle Hill Wood. Furze Common
Copse.
Genus 4. FOMES Fr. (Lat., fomes, tinder, for which some
of the species were used). Pores stratose, each
season's layer forming beneath that of the previous
year ; hard, woody.
F. ulmarius Fr. (Lat. adjective of ulmus, an elm,
from its host).
On old elm trunks ; flesh w T hite, pores tawny or
yellowish ; not common ; absent from the N.
Forest list. Studland Churchyard (on elm), C. B.
Green.
F. fomentarius Fr. (Lat., providing tinder, for which
it was frequently used).
On trunks of various trees ; brown, hard, hoof-
shaped ; not common. Witchampton, Mrs. Baker.
F. igniarius Fr. (Lat., providing fire, i.e., tinder).
On trunks of various trees ; ferruginous, then
blackish-brown ; frequent in the N. Forest ; in this
District only observed in the Edmondsham Rectory
FUNGI OF EAST DOESET. 163
grounds, on an old Victoria Plum in the garden,
and on a tree willow (Salix viridis Fr.) in the orchard ;
also in another garden, on an old plum.
F. sp. (No. 93, Poria?}.
On the dead wood of a cottage window-sill ; rather
fleshy, white, eventually light brown, persistent,
hymenium flat, pores numerous small. Edmondsham
village.
On this fungus Mr. J. F. Rayner wrote to me (Jan. 29, 1915):
" Your Poria No. 93 I could make nothing of, so finally
submitted it to friends at Kew Herbarium ; and they one
and all declined to give an opinion. So I have now sent it
to Lloyd, of Cincinnati, one of the greatest authorities in
the world on this group."
In due time I heard from Mr. Rayner again : " Mr. Lloyd
says indeterminable ; most likely a resupinate form of Fomes
igniarius."
Not being quite satisfied with this suggestion, for it cannot
be called a determination, I have left this account of my
No. 93 standing next to F. igniarius, but in a separate para-
graph. The plant differs in some respects from other
specimens of that species found in the vicinity.
F. annosus Fr. (Lat., long-lived). :i Red Rot."
About the roots of decayed trees, stumps, &c.,
especially of pine; brown outside, flesh white;
rather frequent. Furze Common Copse. Birches
Copse, near Sutton Holms. St. Giles', woodland
border of Park. Wood N. of Ferndown. Branksome
Park.
F. applanatus Wallr. (Lat., flattened).
On beech trunks ; brown above, hymenium below
white at first ; common in the N. Forest. Very
strong on a beech trunk, Castle Hill, Cranborne.
Of large size on a trunk in Castle Hill Wood.
164 FUNGI OF EAST DORSET.
F. ribis Fr. (Lat., of Rftes, a genus which includes
currant and gooseberry).
Growing on a gooseberry stem in the garden of
Mr. S. J. Stratton, near the Rectory, Edmondsham,
and brought in to me by Mrs. Stratton.
F. ferruginosus Mass. (Lat., rusty, from the colour).
On old trunks, &c. ; hymenium uppermost ;
said to be fairly common. In a hollow branch of old
app ] e tree near Edmondsham Church. Furze
Common Copse.
Genus 5. POLYSTICTUS Fr. (Gr., polys, many, stictos,
pricked, from the appearance of the perforated
hymenium). Thin, leathery, fanshaped or rarely
central-stemmed .
P. cinnamomeus Sacc. (Lat., from the bright cinnamon
colour of the pileus).
On the ground under trees ; pores rather large ;
rare, wanting in the N. Forest list. I have found
this only in Branksome Park.
P. versicolor Fr. (Lat., changing colour).
On dying or dead stumps and trunks, fallen
branches and sticks ; velvety, often white at first,
usually with variously coloured concentric zones ;
very common. Swanage ; Durlstone, C. B. Green.
Ferndown, Mrs. Pringle. Witchampton and Crichel,
Mrs, Baker. Noted in four Edmondsham Copses and
on posts ; Birches Copse. Cranborne. Maldry Wood,
St. Giles. Plantation S. of Daggon's Road Station.
P. hirsutus Fr. (Lat., shaggy, bristly).
On trunks ; covered with dense hair ; whitish, con-
centrically zoned ; pileus and pores varying in colour ;
rare (not in the New Forest list). Found only at
Witchampton in the district, Mrs. E. W. Baker.
P. abietinus (Dicks.) Fr. (Lat., of the spruce fir).
On dead trunks and stumps, of fir and sometimes
birch ; pileus white, pores unequal purple ; widely
FUNGI OF EAST DORSET. 165
distributed and locally common. Middle Plantation,
Rempstone ; pine wood N. of Corfe Castle, C. B.
Green. Lower Mannington, Mrs. Baker. Furze
Common Copse. Pine wood near Broadstone.
Branksome Park.
Genus 6. PORIA Pers. (Gr., poros, a passage, the plant
being mainly composed of tubes). Entirely re-
supinate, a thin membrane covered with pores.
P. vaporaria Fr. (Lat., steam-pipes in the Roman bath,
from the crowded tubes).
On fallen twigs and branches ; pores large, angular;
white to yellowish. Common. Several woods in
Edmondsham. Sutton Holms. Wood N. of Ferndown.
P. hiberniea B. and Br. (Lat., Irish).
On pine wood ; white, pores small ; not in the
New Forest list ; rare. On fir wood, Edmondsham.
P. umbrina Fr. (Lat., umber-coloured).
On dead wood ; distinguished from its allies by
the dingy umber colour, in this resembling Fames
ferruginosus ; not common. Furze Common Copse,
Edmondsham.
P. violacea Fr. (Lat., violet in colour).
On fir stumps, trunks, &c. ; may be mistaken for
Polystictus abietinus, which has deeper torn pores
and is usually more or less re flexed. Wood N. of
Ferndown, but with a slight doubt, material not
being very good.
Genus 7. TRAMETES Fr. (Lat., weft, on which the
generic distinction is based, the tubes being sunk
into it, and not forming a distinct layer). Pores
oval or elongate.
T. gibbosa (Pers.) Fr. (Lat., humped).
On stumps and trunks ; white ; said to be fre-
quent elsewhere. Mixed woodland near Scotland
Ferm, Purbeck, on Salix cinerea (an unusual form,
166 FUNGI OF EAST DORSET.
J. F. Rayner), C. B. Green. On Portugal laurel,
Edmondsham Rectory Garden. On the stump
of a beech, Dead Man's Corner, Cranborne.
Genus 8. DAEDALEA (Pers.) From Daedalus, the maker
of the labyrinth, in allusion to the sinuous and
labyrinthiform surface of the tubes.
D. quercina Pers. (Lat., adjective of oak).
On dead oak trunks arid stumps ; pores at first
rounded, then elongated and much contorted ;
not uncommon. Witchampton, Mrs. Baker. Castle
Hill Wood. Creech Hill Wood, St. Giles. Edmond-
sham to Sutton ; also Sutton Holms.
D. unicolor Fr. (Lat., of uniform colour).
On stumps, trunks, and rails ; pileus zoned and
densely villous. Sutton Holms ; found and named
by the late Rev. W. R. Linton, who had met with
it, and had it identified, in Derbyshire.
Genus 9. MERULIUS Hall. (Lat., merula, a blackbird,
from the colour of some of the species).
Subgelatinous ; tubes very shallow.
M. lacrymans Fr. (Lat., weeping). " Dry-rot."
On stumps and trunks, worked wood, &c. Not
common. Furze Common Copse, in a hollow yew.
Pantry floor (when un ventilated), Edmondsham
Rectory on one occasion. Some years ago it
attacked the beam on a wall (wallplate) in Shapwick
Church, where it was shown me by the Vicar, the
late Rev. R. P. Murray, M.A., F.L.S.
Family 3. HYDNEAE Fr.
Spore surface on spines or projections.
Genus 1. HYDNUM Linn. (Gr. hydnon, an esculent fungus,
prob. the truffle). Spore surf ace of teeth which are
acute and distinct at the base.
FUNGI OF EAST DORSET. 167
H. repandum Linn. (Lat., bent back, turned up).
In woods or on their outskirts ; edible and thought
highly of by some ; pale pinkish tan all over ;
frequent, locally common. Pine wood N. of Corfe
Castle, C. B. Green. Witchampton, Mrs. Baker.
Martin Wood, Miss V. Linton. Wood S. side of
Alderholt Park. Castle Hill Wood, Edmondsham.
Birches Copse, and Sutton Holms, which are
adjacent. East side of St. Giles' Park.
H. ferrugineum Fr. (Lat., rust-coloured).
In fir woods ; soft when young, corky and dry at
maturity ; rather rare. Furze Common Copse,
Edmondsham.
H. auriscalpium Linn. (Lat., an ear-pick, from the spines).
On fallen fir-cones ; said to be not uncommon,
but seldom seen. Plantation S. of Cranborne. Fir
wood on the E. side of Broadstone.
H. niveum Pers. (Lat., snowy, snow-white).
On dead wood ; distinguished by the beautiful
white colour when growing, becoming pallid when
dry ; rare, not in the N. Forest list. On an elm
stump near the Dairy Farm, Edmondsham.
Genus 2. TREMELLODON Pers. (Gr., odous, a tooth, from
its resembling a Tremella with teeth). Gelatinous
with spines of the same substance.
T. gelatinosum Pers. (Lat., jelly-like.)
On dead pine stumps ; here and there in the N.
Forest, but in Dorset seen so far nowhere but in
Furze Common Copse, Edmondsham, and Creech
Hill Wood, St. Giles.
Genus 3. IRPEX Fr. (Lat., a large rake, or harrow,
from the teeth).
I. obliquus Fr. (Lat., slanting,of the direction of the teeth).
On fallen branches, effused over the surface ;
like Poria vapor aria with torn pores, but coarser ;
168 FUNGI OF EAST DORSET.
frequent. Castle Hill Wood and other copses near,
also Furze Common Copse and Copse by Great
Down, Edmondsham. Creech Hill Wood, St. Giles.
Wood near Broadstone.
Genus 4. PHLEBIA Fr. (Gr., phlebs, a vein, from the
appearance of the species). Spore surface upper-
most, in folds or wrinkles.
P. merismoides Fr.
On fallen decayed branches, spreading over moss,
&c. ; orange at first, then of a dingy purplish
colour as found in January ; not common.
Witchampton, Mrs. E. W. Baker. Furze Common
Copse, Edmondsham.
Genus 5. GRANDINIA Fr. (Lat., grando, grandinis, hail,
from the granulate appearance of the species).
Spore-surface uppermost, of minute globular or
hemispherical granules.
G. granulosa Fr. (Lat., granulate, grain-like).
On dead wood and fallen branches ; not common,
but easily overlooked. Beech and fir plantation on
the E. side of St. Giles' Park.
Genus 6. ODONTIA Pers. (Gr., odous, odontos, tooth, from
the appearance of the spore -surf ace).
0. fimbriata Pers. (Lat., fringed). Broadly effused,
fawn-coloured ; granules fringed at the lips ; scarce.
Woodland belt N. side of St. Giles' Park, near
Creech Hill.
Family 4. THELEPHOREAE Fr. (" Leathery
Fungi ").
Spore -surf ace more or less even, confined to one side of the
fungus.
Genus 1. CRATERELLUS Pers. (Gr., crater, a bowl, from
the shape of a leading species).
FUNGI OF EAST DORSET. 169
C. cornueopioides Berk. (Lat., like the Horn of Plenty,
cornucopia).
In woods, on the ground ; edible ; widely dis-
tributed. Witchampton, Mrs. Baker. Button.
Holms. Edmondsham, very fine in Great Down
Copse.
Genus 2. THELEPHORA Ehrh. (Gr., thele, a teat, phero,
I bear, from the spore -surf ace being sometimes
papillate).
T. terrestris Ehrh. (Lat., growing on the ground).
Fir woods ; rare, not in the N. Forest list. Wood-
land, Branksome Park. Furze Common Copse,
Edmondsham.
T. laciniata Pers. (Lat., torn).
On stumps of fir, stems of heather, heathery
banks and sandy heaths ; locally common. Colehill,
and Lower Mannington, Mrs. E. W. Baker.
Broadstone. Ferndown, in a plantation to the
north. West Moors. Plantation S. of Daggons'
Road Station.
T. mollissima Pers. (Lat., very soft).
On the ground and fallen twigs, in woods ; rare,
not in the N. Forest list. Fir plantation, Lower
Mannington, one of Mrs. Baker's interesting
discoveries.
Genus 3. STEREUM Pers. (Gr., stereos, hard, from the
nature of the plant). Effused or reflexed, spore-
surface more or less smooth.
S. hirsutum Fr. (Lat., hairy, from the clothing of the
pileus).
On stumps and fallen branches, in woods and
hedges ; very variable, and common. Nine
Barrow Down, C. B. Green. Ferndown, Mrs.
Pringle. Witchampton, Mrs. Baker. Branksome
Park. S. of Wimborne on a hedge bank. Birches
170 FUNGI OF EAST DORSET.
Copse. Sutton Holms. Woods and hedgerows,
Edmondsham. Cranborne.
S. oehroleucum Fr. (Lat., yellowish-white).
On dead stumps and fallen branches ; not common.
Great Down Copse and other woodland, Edmond-
sham, and on a post in the Rectory Garden. Sutton
Holms and Birches Copse. Creech Hill Wood,
St. Giles, where it was shewn me by the Rev. W. R.
Linton some years ago and rediscovered lately.
S. purpureum Fr. (Lat., purple, the colour of the
spore -surf ace).
On stumps and fallen branches, especially birch :
like Polystictus abietinus, but without pores ;
frequent. On a trunk at Swanage, and a post at
Durlston, C. B. Green. Furze Common Copse,
and on logs at the Rectory, Edmondsham. Cran-
borne. In the belt of trees, E. side of St. Giles'
Park.
S. rugosum Fr. (Lat., wrinkled).
On stumps and fallen branches ; not uncommon.
Pine wood N. of Corfe Castle, C. B. Green. Castle
Hill Wood, and copse by Great Down, Edmondsham.
S. spadiceum Fr. (Lat., date-brown, of the spore-
surface).
On stumps and dead wood ; turning red when
bruised ; not common. Plantation N. of Ferndown.
Furze Common Copse. Castle Hill Wood.
Genus 4. HYMENOCHAETE Lev. (Gr., hymen, a mem-
brane, chaite, long hair, from the coloured
cystidia, like bristles, projecting from the spore-
surface).
H. rubiginosa LeV. (Lat., rusty, rust-coloured.
On dead and decaying wood ; not common.
Plantation N. of Ferndown. On a post, Sidney's
Hill, Edmondsham ; on a fence in the lane E. of
Smallbridge Farm.
FUNGI OF EAST DORSET. 171
H. tabacina Lev.
On trunks, &c. ; distinguished by the golden
yellow margin and the coloured spores ; rare.
Found on one occasion in Edmondsham, 1912.
Genus 5. CORTICIUM Pers. (Latin, cortex, bark, from
the usual habitat.) Spore-surface uppermost,
smooth and even, cracking when dry.
C. sebaceum Mass. (Lat., tallow-candle, from the white
waxy appearance of its rather fleshy substance).
On the ground, or running up grass, twigs, &c.,
becoming pallid when dry ; rare. Woodland near
Ferndown, Mrs. Pringle.
C. lacteum Fr. (Lat., milky, from the colour).
On wood, effused, in irregular patches ; buff when
dry ; rare. Copse S. of Castle Hill, detached from
Castle Hill Wood.
C. sambuci Fr. (Lat., sambucus, the elder).
Forming thin white patches on elder trunks.
Only noticed in a hedge by the roadside, Edmond-
sham to Cranborne. None of these three species
are placed in the N. Forest list, which, however,
contains three others.
Genus 6. PENIOPHORA Cooke. (Gr., penion, the thread
on the bobbin, phero, I bear, from the spore-surface
appearing velvety, under a lens) . Formerly included
in Cortieium.
P. quercina Cooke. (Lat., adj. of quercus, an oak).
On fallen branches, usually of oak ; probably
not uncommon ; flesh-colour to lilac. Castle Hill
Wood. Copse E. side of Great Down, Edmondsham.
P. gigantea Mass. (Lat., gigantic).
On pine stumps and running over pine-needles ;
whitish, becoming tinged with brown ; not un-
common. Edmondsham Park. Belt N. side of
St. Giles' Park. Branksome Park.
172 FUNGI OF EAST DORSET.
P. ochracea (Fr.) Mass. (Lat., ochre -coloured).
On decaying bark and wood ; not uncommon.
Edmondsham Rectory orchard. Copse adjoining
Edmondsham Park. Furze Common Copse. Birches
Copse, near Sutton Holms. Belt N. side of St.
Giles' Park.
Genus 7. SOPPITTIELLA Mass. (Named after H. T.
Soppitl, a Yorkshire mycologist.) Formerly included
in Thelephora, from which the separated species
differ in being soft and sub-gelatinous, &c.
S. sebacea Mass. (Lat., tallowy).
On stumps, twigs, leaves, &c. ; encrusting what
it covers with irregular stalactitic or tuberculose
waxy patches ; white, fleshy when growing ; rare.
Spreading from a stump and encrusting ivy leaves
and moss in its progress, in the belt on the N. side
of St. Giles' Park near Creech Hill.
Genus 8. CYPHELLA Fr. (Gr. plural of kuphellon, a cup,
the shape of the plants).
C. muscigena Fr. (Lat., moss-born, growing from
mosses).
Growing on various mosses ; uncommon.
Edmondsham. Border of belt by St. Giles' Park.
Family 5. CLAVARIEAE Corda. (" Club and
Coral Fungi.")
Spore-surface even, covering the whole of the erect fungus.
Genus 1. SPARASSIS Fr. (Gr., sparasso, to tear to pieces,
from its laciniate character). Forms a large tuft
of many compressed branches, after the fashion of
a cauliflower or sponge.
S. crispa (Wulf) Fr. (Lat., curled).
On or near pine -stumps in woods ; said to be
frequent, but quite uncommon in our district, at
FUNGI OF EAST DORSET. 173
widely separated stations. Several plants, Middle
Plantation, Rempstone, C. B. Green. Holt Wood,
Mrs. Baker. Plantation im. S. of Daggon's Road
Station.
S. laminosa Fr. (Lat., made of blades, from the leaf,
like branches).
In pine woods ; rare, not recorded in the N.
Forest list. Seen only once, in a fir plantation N.
of Ferndown.
Genus 2. CLAVARIA Vaill. (Lat., dava, a club, from the
shape of the branches of many species). Upright,
simple or branched.
C. fastigiata Linn. (Lat., running to points).
, Among grass in pastures ; uncommon. Above
Herston quarries ; in plenty on Peveril Down,
near Swanage, C. B. Green.
C. muscoides Linn. (Lat., moss-like).
In pastures ; like the last, clear yellow and
branched ; said to be frequent. Witchampton,
Mrs. E. W. Baker. Longcraft, in Edmondsham.
Park.
C. cinerea Bull. (Lat., ash-coloured).
In woods, often tufted ; ashen-grey, much
branched ; not common with us . Lower Mannington
and near Witchampton, Mrs. E. W. Baker.
C. cristata Holmsk. (Lat., crested).
In woods, tufted ; of a dirty yellowish-white ;
frequent elsewhere. Castle Hill Wood, and Furze
Common Copse, Edmondsham.
C. abietina Schum. (Lat., adjective of spruces).
In woods under fir-trees ; much branched,
ochraceous, acrid ; uncommon. Furze Common
Copse.
C. flaccida Fr. (Lat., limp).
Among moss in woods ; ochraceous, uncommon.
In a timber yard at Cranborne.
174 FUNGI OF EAST DORSET.
C. fusiformis Sow. (Lat., spindle-shaped).
In woods, &c., not uncommon ; large, -rich
yellow. This and the following species are usually
subsimple, often tufted at the base. Birches
Copse. Rhymes Copse. Maldry Wood, St.
Giles. Wood on S. side of Alderholt Park.
C. inaequalis Fl. Dan. (Lat., unequal).
Pastures and grassy places in woods ; yellow,
fragile, unequal. Common elsewhere. In the
Cranborne part of Castle Hill Wood. Longcraft.
C. vermicularis Scop. (Lat., worm-like).
Among grass, all white, densely tufted ; rare,
absent from the N. Forest list. Field on the S.
side of Edmondsham.
C. fragilis Holmsk. (Lat., brittle).
In pastures and among short grass in woods ;
white or tinged with yellow ; "frequent " in the
N. Forest. Ferndown, Mrs. Pringle. Longcraft.
C. ardenia Sow.
On fallen branches, &c., in woods ; very large,
5 to 12 inches high, ferruginous or grey-brown ; rare,
not recorded in the N. Forest list. Very fine on
one occasion in Maldry Wood, in the parish
of St. Giles, with clubs exceeding in. in
breadth.
Genus 3. CALOCERA Fr. (Gr., kalos, beautiful, keras,
a horn, from the shape of some of the species). In
habit resembling Clavaria, but rather gelatinous
and viscid when moist, horny w r hen dry.
C. viscosa Fr. (Lat., sticky).
Usually on pine stamps ; not uncommon. Cole-
hill ; Lower Mannington, Mrs. E. W. Baker.
Ferndown, Mrs. Pringle ; and plantation N. of
Ferndown. Branksome Park. Woodland near
Castle Hill. Plantation Jm. S. of Daggon's Road
Station.
FUNGI OF EAST DORSET. 175
Genus 4. TYPHULA Pers. (Latin, diminutive of Typha,
Reed-mace, from the shape of typical species, being
like a tiny reed-mace).
T. phacorrhiza Fr. (Gr., phacos, a lentil, rhiza, a root).
On dead leaves, herbaceous stems, &c. ; slenderly
clavate or club. -shaped, brownish, translucent ;
rare, not in the N. Forest list. Occurred once or
twice in leaf -mould soil in a cool greenhouse,
Edmondsham Rectory.
Family 6. TREMELLINEAE (" Jelly Fungi ").
Gelatinous when moist, horny when dry.
Gtenus 1. AURICULARIA Bull. (Latin, auricula, the ear,
from the form of the species.
A. mesenterica Fr. (Gr., from mesenteron, the mem-
brane connecting the intestines).
On stumps and decaying trunks ; said to be
common elsewhere. Witchampton, Mrs. E. W.
Baker. Edmondsham, from two localities.
A. lobata Sommerf. (Lat., lobed).
On bark of trees ; distinguished from the last
mainly by the lobed margin of the pileus ; not
uncommon. On a stump, very fine, near Whitecliff
Farm, Swanage, C. B. Green. Withy Beds, Crichel,
Mrs. E. W. Baker. On an old stump near
Edmondsham House.
Genus 2. HIRNEOLA Fr. (Lat., a small jug, from the
shape).
H. aurieula-judae Berk. (Lat., Jew's-ear).
On living elder trunks, sometimes beech and elm ;
not common. New Swanage ; Durlston ; Kingston
Woods, all on elder ; Kingston Hill woodland, on a
stump, C. B. Green. Hinton Martel ; Witch-
ampton, Mrs. E. W. Baker. On elder trunks,
Pentridge Down.
176 FUNGI OF EAST DORSET.
Genus 3. EXIDIA Fr. (Gr., exidio, I exude, from the
species bursting out of dead wood, e.g. thrpugh
the bark) .
E. glandulosa Fr. (Lat., nut-like).
On dead branches of oak, &c., Copse adjoining the
gamekeeper's Cottage, Edmondsham, and on stakes
in the Rectory garden imported from the
woods.
E. albida (Huds.) Brefeld. (Lat., whitish).
On dead or fallen branches, gelatinous, grey ;
not very common. Witchampton, Mrs. E. W.
Baker. On an old elm stump, Edmondsham
Rectory garden. Belt N. of St. Giles' Park by
Creech Hill.
Genus 4. TREMELLA Dill. (Lat., tremo, I tremble, in
reference to the quivering gelatinous substance of
the species). Lobed or brain-like.
T. mesenterica Retz. (Gr.,frommese^erow, a membrane
connecting the entrails).
On dead branches, often of furze ; orange -yellow ;
fairly common. Studland ; Nine Barrow Down ;
Durlston ; Talbot Wood, Langton ; Godlingstone
Heath, C. B. Green. Witchampton, Mrs. E. W.
Baker. Broadstone in a pine wood. Woodland
belts on the N. and E. sides of St. Giles'
Park. Maldry Wood, St. Giles. Foxholes Wood,
Edmondsham.
T. viscosa Berk. (Lat., sticky).
On dead wood ; forming small grey gelatinous
patches ; rare. Found and named by Rev. W. R.
Linton. For certainty it is desirable that this
should be rediscovered.
Genus 5. DACRYOMYCES Nees (Gr., dacru, a tear, mukes,
a fungus, from the tear-like habit). Minute,
clustered.
FUNGI OF EAST DORSET. 177
D. deliquescens Duby. (Lat., melting).
On dead wood, old railings, &c. ; forming minute
roundish orange -ye How patches in lines along cracks
in the wood ; in perfection in winter ; common.
Branksome Park, Mrs. E. W. Baker. First noticed
in Edmondsham by the Rev. W. R. Linton, in
Furze Common Copse. Railings along roads and
woods, also in Edmondsham Rectory orchard. Pine
wood near Broadstone. Plantation N. of Ferndown.
D. stillatus Nees. (Lat., in drops, dripping).
On dead and worked wood, such as rails ; like
D. deliquescens, but smaller and deeper orange ;
common. Edmondsham Rectory Garden. Birches
Copse. Belt on E. side of St. Giles' Park. Planta-
tion near Broadstone. Branksome Park.
Order 11. P7.LACREAE.
A small group of two species, not found in the
District.
Order III. GASTEROM YCETES.
Spores enclosed till mature.
Family 1. PHALLOIDEAE (" Stinkhorns ").
Spores immersed in a foetid gluten.
Genus 1. ITHYPHALLUS Fr. (Gr., ithys, and phallos, from
its phallic resemblance). Pileus netted, on a
stem-like receptacle.
I. impudicus (Linn.) Fr. (Lat., shameless). " Common
Stinkhorn."
In woods, chiefly under firs ; smelling of drains ;
said to be frequent elsewhere. Witchampton, Mrs.
E. W. Baker. Creech Hill Wood, N. side of St.
Giles' Park. A single specimen in Edmondsham
Rectory Garden, perhaps arising from spores from
a Creech Hill Wood specimen thrown away.
178 FUNGI OF EAST DORSET.
Family 2. NIDULARIACEAE. (Lat., nidus, o
nest). " Birds' nest Fungi."
Small, cup-shaped, containing
small compressed bodies.
Genus 1. CYATHUS Haller. (Gr., kyathos, a cup). Peri-
dium of three layers.
C. striatus Huds. (Lat., streaked or ridged).
On wood, twigs, or firccnes on the ground ; rare.
On old stumps rotting in the ground, in Maldry
Wood, between St. Giles and Edmondsham ; cup
J iin. in diameter.
Genus 2. SPHAEROBOLUS lode. (Gr., sphaira, a ball,
bole, throw ; because the solitary peridiolum is
ejected at maturity).
S. stellatus Tode. (Lat., starlike, from the way it splits).
Minute, crowded, on wood, twigs, &c. ; un-
common. By the roadside bewteen Edmondsham
and Sutton Holms.
Family 3. LYCOPERDACEAE (" Puff-balls.")
Peridium thin ; gleba becoming powdery.
Genus 1. GE ASTER (Gr., ge, earth, aster, a star, because
the outer coat splits in a starlike manner). " Earth
stars."
G. fornicatus Fr. (Lat., arched, from fornix, an
arch).
On the ground among leaves, &c. ; distinguished
by the inner layer of the exoperidium becoming
arched and attached to the outer layer by the tips
of the segments only ; very rare. Found by Mrs.
E. W. Baker in woodland at Witchampton.
G. lageniformis Vitt. (Lat., flask-shaped, from lagena,
a flagon, and forma, a shape).
On the ground ; exorperidium splitting into
acute segments ; very rare. Witchampton,
Mrs. E. W. Baker.
FUNGI OF EAST DORSET. 179
G. rubescens Pers. (Lat., reddish).
In pastures and woods ; exoperidium thick,
rigid, its acute segments becoming revolute ; rare.
Witchampton, Mrs. E. W. Baker.
There are two species of Geaster in the New
Forest list, G. hygrometricus Pers. and G. fimbriatus
Fr. Mrs. Baker has been lucky enough to find
three species near Witchampton, none of which are
recorded for the N. Forest.
Genus 2. LYCOPERDON Tournef. (Gr., lykos, a wolf,
perdon, a word suggesting dung, from a verb
signifying to break wind ; there was an old belief
that puff-balls grew from the dung of a wolf).
Outer coat flaccid, opening in a small hole at the
top.
L. excipuliforme Scop. (Lat., mattress-shaped).
In woods and meadows ; uncommon. Copse
adjoining Castle Hill Wood, Edmondsham.
L. saccatum Vahl. (Lat., bag-shaped).
Among moss in open woods ; much resembling
the last ; uncommon, edible. Furze Common
Copse, Edmondsham.
L. gemmatum Batsch. (Lat., gemmed, from the warts
on the pileus).
Among grass, &c., in woods ; with large brown-
pointed warts; not frequent. Sutton Holms.
Plantation Jm. S. of Daggon's Road Station.
L. pyriforme SchaefE. (Lat., pear-shaped).
On rotten wood, or on the ground attached to
decayed branches or stumps ; nearly smooth ;
common, edible. N. of New Swanage ; Peveril
Down ; Bushey ; near Chapman's Pool, C. B. Green.
Witchampton, Mrs. E. W. Baker. Furze Common
Copse, and Castle Hill Wood, Edmondsham ;
Maldry Wood, St. Giles.
L. perlatum Pers. (Lat., verj broad, from the shape).
180 FUNGI OF EAST DORSET.
In woods, often in pairs ; spinose, spines
surrounded with warts ; common, edible. Witch-
ampton, Mrs. E. W. Baker. Plantation N. of
Ferndown. Sutton Holms. Great Down Copse ;
Furze Common Copse ; woodland about Castle
Hill, in Edmondsham. Woodland S. of Alderholt
Park.
L. hie male Bull. (L. depressum Bon.) (Lat., of
winter).
Downs, pastures, and woodland ; well distributed,
if not common. Downs N. of Swanage, Nine
BarrowDown ; near Studland ; meadows by Quince
Hill Wood, and by Talbot Wood, Langton ; Corfe
Meadow ; Creech Down, C. B. Green. Edmondsham
Park. Castle Hill, Cranborne. Field by Furze
Common Copse. Great Down.
L. caelatum Bull. (Lat. chiselled, from the tesselate
pileus).
In pastures, open woodland, &c. ; base more or
less elongate ; not very common, but well
distributed. Near Studland ; above Swanage
quarries ; Bushey ; Fitzworth Heath, C. B. Green.
In Edmondsham Rectory grounds. Longcraft,
and Hyles' in Edmondsham. Furze Common
Copse.
L. bovista Linn. (L. giganteum Hussey).
Grassy places, in woods, &c. ; growing to a large
size, sometimes over a foot broad ; uncommon,
not in the N. Forest list. Plantation S. of Cranborne
in a glade, measuring Sin. x llin. across.
Family 4. SCLERODERMEAE Fr. (" Earth-
balls.")
Peridium thick, rupturing irregularly.
Genus 1. SCLERODERMA Pers. (Gr., skleros, hard, derma,
skin, from the firm peridium). Peridium warted.
FUNGI OF EAST DORSET. 181
S. vulgare Fr. (Lat., common).
In woods, especially on sandy soil ; spores in the
mass blackish with a purple tinge ; rather common.
Arne woods ; near Scotland Farm ; pine woods,
Rempstone ; Wareham ; Lytchett Minster, C. B.
Green. Ferndown, Mrs. Pringle. Cole Hill,
Wimborne. Near Mount Pleasant, Horton.
Sutton Holms. Furze Common Copse, and
copse towards Castle Hill, Edmondsham.
S. verrucosum Pers. (Lat., warted).
In woods, chiefly on light soil ; spores umber
in the mass ; not very common. Witchampton,
Mrs. E. W. Baker. Furze Common Copse,
Edmondsham. Woodland about Castle Hill, on
the borders of Cranborne.
Family 5. HYMENOGASTREAE (" False
Truffles "). Subterranean.
Genus 1. RHIZOPOGON Tul. (Gr., rhiza, a root, pogon, a
beard, from the root-like fibres investing the species),
R. rubescens Tul. (Lat., becoming red).
Sandy ground in woods, often exposed ; not very
common. Ferndown, Mrs. Pringle. Colehill,
near Wimborne.
R. luteolus Tul. (Lat., yellowish).
In open ground in woods ; underground or partly
exposed ; not uncommon. Colehill, Mrs. E. W.
Baker. Plantation of firs N. of Ferndown. Fir
plantation Jm. S. of Daggon's Road Station.
Order IV. UREDIN ALES (" Rust Fungi ").
Parasitic on higher plants.
Genus 1. MELAMPSORA Cast. (Gr., melas, black, psora, a
skin disease, of trees, canker).
M. euphorbias Cast. (Lat., of Euphorbia, spurge). M.
Helioscopiae Wint. On leaves and stems of
1 Si_> FUNGI OF EAST DORSET.
Euphorbia peplus and E. Helioscopiam Edmondsham
Rectory Gardens.
M. populina Jacq. (Lat., adjective of Poplar). On
leaves of a black poplar (P. canadensis) in Edmond-
sham Rectory Orchard.
Genus 2. COLEOSPORIUM Lev. (Gr., koleos, a sheath,
sporos, seed).
C. senecionis Fr. Yellow, powdery patches on Senecio
vulgaris in Edmondsham Rectory Garden.
Genus 3, PUCCINIA Pers.
P. buxi D.C. (Lat., of box, the shrub). Forming
brown patches on the under side of box leaves.
Box hedges by the Dairy Farm and Smallbridge
Farm, Edmondsham.
P. chrysanthemi Roze. (Lat., of chrysanthemum).
Parasitic on chrysanthemum leaves in the greenhouse
Edmondsham.
P. malvacearum Mont. (Lat., of malvaceous plants,
e.g., the hollyhock, of which it has been widely
destructive for some years past, restricting their
cultivation). On Malva sylvestris, by E. Creech
Farm, Langton, Swanage, G. B. Green. Edmond-
sham Rectory Garden.
P. primulae D.C. (Lat., of a Primula). On dying or
dead Primula leaves in the greenhouse, Edmondsham
Rectory.
P. pruni Pers. (Lat., of a plum). On the under side
of the leaves of plum and damson, while still green,
Edmondsham Rectory Garden.
P. thesii Chaill. Downs above the Lighthouse, Swanage,
C. B. Green and R. V. Shewing.
Genus 4. PHRAGMIDIUM Link. (Gr. phragma, a fence).
P. violaceum Schultz. (Lat., violet, in colour). On the
underside of bramble leaves, Goatham. SuttonHolms.
P. subcordicatum Schrk. On Wild Rose, Edmondsham.
FUNGI OP EAST DORSET. 183
Order V. USTILAGINALES.
Genus 1. USTILAGO.
U. avenae Jens. On oats, Romford Farm.
Genus 2. MELANOTAENIUM (Gr., a black band or tape).
M. endogenum De Bary. On Galium, near Swanage,
R. V. Sherring.
Class II. ASCOMYCETES.
Order I. GYMNOASCACEAE.
Asci naked, perithecium 0.
Genus 1. ASCOMYCES Mont, and Desm.
A. deformans Berk. (Lat., disfiguring). " Curl," or
" peach-curl." Developing on the under side of
peach and nectarine leaves. Edmondsham Rectory
Garden.
Order II. P YRENOM YCETES (" Capsular
Fungi ").
Asci enclosed in a flask-shaped perithecium.
Genus 1. CORDICEPS Fr. (Lat., cordate -headed).
C. militaris (Linn.) Link. Holt Wood, Mrs. E. W.
Baker. Furze Common Copse, Edmondsham.
Genus 2. EPIGHLOE Tul. (Gr., epi, on, chloe, grass.
herbage).
E. typhinaTul. (Lat. adjective of Typha, Reedmace).
Edmondsham.
Genus 3. NECTRIA Fr.
N. cinnabarina (Tode) Fr. Forming small red clusters
on fallen branches and dead sticks, Edmondsham
Rectory Gardens ; also near Edmondsham Church
on Hornbeam.
N. coccinea (Pers.) Fr. On fallen branches. Edmond-
sham Rectory Garden and Orchard.
184 FUNGI OF EAST DORSET.
N. ditissima Tul. " Apple tree canker."
On apple branches, Edmondsham Rectory Orchard.
Genus 4. MELANOSPORIDIUM Klebahn. (Gr., black-
spored).
M. betulinum Kleb. (Lat., of the birch). On the
under side of birch leaves that have turned colour
or fallen ; towards Goatham from Edmondsham.
Genus 5. XYLARIA Hill. (Gr., a piece of wood, from its
habitat).
X. polymorpha (Pers.) Grev. Belt of woodland N. side
of St. Giles' Park.
X. hypoxylon (Linn.) Grev. Common in the district.
Lower Mannington, Mrs. E. W. Baker. On a
paling a little S. of Wimborne. Maldry Wood, St.
Giles. Very common on stumps, damp posts, and
chips in Edmondsham, e.g., in the Rectory Grounds,
in Furze Common Copse, in a fir copse towards
Castle Hill, &c.
Genus 6. HYPOXYLON Bull. (Gr., hypo, upon, xylon, wood).
H. fuscum (Pers.) Fr. (Lat., dark brown). Quince
Hill Wood ; roadside to Creech, C. B. G. Rather
common. On old stakes, Edmondsham Rectory.
Furze Common Copse.
H. multiforme Fr. On fallen branches. Belt of wood-
land N. side of St. Giles' Park. Romford near
Verwood Station. Lane E. of Smallbridge Farm,
Edmondsham.
Genus 7. DIATRYPELLA De Not. (Gr., from a verb to
bore through).
D. quercina (Pers.) Nitschke. (Lat., of the oak).
On dead oak branches, in Furze Common Copse,
and an adjoining plantation. Belt of woodland on
the N. side of St. Giles' Paik.
FUNGI OF EAST DORSET. 185
Genus 8. SPHAERELLA C. and De Not. (Diminutive
of Gr. sphaera, a ball or globe).
S. maculiformis Awd. On dead leaves of the edible
chestnut (Aesculus], Furze Common Copse.
Genus 9. DALDINIA De Not.
D. concentrica Bolt. (Lat., concentric). On stumps,
especially ash. Withy Beds, Crichel ; Lower
Mannington, Mrs. E. W. Baker. On dead ash,
Encombe Woodland, C. B. Green. Inside a hollow
oak stump, Rhymes, Edmondsham ; on an ash
stump, Edmondsham Park.
Genus 10. UNCINULA Lev. (Lat., diminutive of uncinus,
a barb).
U. aceris Sacc. (Lat., of a maple). On dead leaves of
maple or sycamore. On maple leaves, Sidney Hill,
Edmondsham. On sycamore leaves, belt of wood-
land N. side of St. Giles' Park.
Genus 11. ERYSIPHE DC. (Gr., erysibe, mildew).
E. polygon! DC. Like a mildew, on living turnip
leaves, Edmondsham Rectory Garden.
Genus 12. DICHAENA Fr.
D. quercina Pers. (Lat., of the oak). Belt of woodland
N. side of St. Giles' Park.
Genus 13. MASSARIA Fr.
M. inquinans Tode. Edmondsham.
Order III. D ISCOM YCETES.
Ascophore flat or cup-shaped.
Genus 1. TROCHILA Fr.
T. ilicis Crouan. (Lat., of holly). On fallen holly leaves.
Creech Hill Wood, Studland Wood, C. B. Green.
Ferndow r n, Mrs. Pringle. Sutton Holms. Furze
186 FUNGI OF EAST DORSET.
Common Copse, and two or three other copses
in Edmondsham.
T. lauro-cerasi Fr. (Lat., of laurel). On dead laurel
leaves, Edmondsham Rectory Garden.
Genus 2. RHYTISMA Fr. (Gr., a patch or wrinkle).
R. acerinum Fr. On living or recently fallen leaves of
maple and sycamore. Dead man's corner, Cran-
borne. Belt of woodland N. side of St. Giles' Park.
Genus 3. BULGARIA Fr. (Lat., bulga, a bag).
B. polymorpha Wettstein. (Gr., polys, many, morphe,
shape). Bursting through the bark of dead trunks
of trees, especially beech. Witchampton, Mrs.
E. W. Baker. On oak logs lying on the ground,
Rhymes, Edmondsham, and in a timber-yard.
Genus 4. CORYNE Tul. (Gr., a club, from the shape
of the ascophore).
C. sareoides Tul. (Gr., flesh-like, fleshy). Forming
small red -brown patches on cut apple wood,
Edmondsham. Cranborne.
Genus 5. MOLLISIA Fr. (Lat., from mollis, soft).
M. cinerea Karst. (Lat., ashy, in colour). Grejish to
begin with, but turned greenish-black after frost ;
on dead wood in woodland adjoining Castle Hill
Wood on the S.E. side, Edmondsham.
Genus 6. HELOTIUM Fr. (Gr., diminutive of helos, a
wart, excrescence).
H. claro-flavum Berk. (Lat., bright yellow). Creech
Hill Wood, N. side of St. Giles' Park. On decayed
wood of mistletoe, Edmondsham Rectory Garden.
H. virgultorum Karst, var. fructigenum, Rehm. On
fallen acorns, fircones, &c. ; Castle Hill Wood,
Edmondsham.
FUNGI OF EAST DORSET. 187
Genus 7. SCLEROTINIA Fuckel. (Gr., sderos, hard).
S. tuberosa Fuckel. (Lat., tuberous). Named as a
form by Mr. J. F. Rayner for me. Edmondsham.
Genus 8. CHLOROSPLENIUM Fr. (Gr., greenish, bandage).
C. aeruginosum De Not. (Lat., verdigris-coloured).
Colouring the wood on which it grows a deep
verdigris green ; seldom fruiting. Frequent on
decayed oak branches in Furze Common Copse.
Genus 9. LACHNEA Fr. (Gr., hairy). Growing on the
ground, rarely on wood.
L. hemisphaerica Gillet. (Gr., hemispherical, from the
ultimate shape). On the ground in shade ; un-
common. Witchampton, Mrs. E. W. Baker. Furze
Common Copse.
Genus 10. DASYSCYPHA Fr. (Gr., dasys, thick, dense,
scyphos, cup). On dead wood, twigs, herbaceous
stems and leaves.
D. virginea Fckl. (Lat., virginal, white, the plant being
snow-white). Copse in Edmondsham S. of Castle
Hill, minute, white, gregarious.
D. calycina Fckl. (Lat., cup-shaped). On bark of coni-
fers ; usually gregarious, orange -yellow. Copse,
Edmondsham, Rev. W. E. Linton. Pine wood near
Broadstone.
Genus 11. GEOPYXIS Pers. (Gr., ge, earth, pyxos, box
wood, from the colour of some of the species).
Growing on the ground, more rarely on wood.
G. coccinea Mass. (Lat., bright red). Easily dis-
tinguished from its stalked congeners by the deep
semi-transparent red disc covered with grey tomen-
tum outside ; on rotting branches on the ground ;
useful for decorative purposes where plentiful.
Rempstone Heath, C. B. Green. Three spots near
188 FUNGI OF EAST DORSET.
Corfe Castle, E. E. Bankes, vol. xxvii. p. 264, of
these Proceedings. Belt of Woodland E. side of
St. Giles' Park, and Creech Hill Wood on the N.
side. Hedge bank of Castle Hill Wood. Edmond-
sham Rectory Orchard.
Genus 12. HUMARIA Fr. (Lat., humus, ground, on which
the species grow.
H. granulata Sacc. (Lat., in grains). On cow and
horse dung. In two or three fields in Edmondsham.
No doubt common.
Genus 13. PEZIZA Dill. Growing on the ground.
P. vesiculosa Bull. (Lat., full of bladders). On rich
soil, manure, &c. In a garden where manure
had been dug in, Swanage, C, B. G.
P. sepiatra Cooke. (Lat., sepia, alra, blackish- brown).
On shaded ground. Witchampton, Mrs. E. W.
Baker.
P. venosa Pers. (Lat., full of veins). Withy beds.
Crichel, Mrs. E. W. Baker.
P. ampliata Pers. (Lat., enlarged). Growing on an
old haystack apparently on the damp thatching,
pointed out to me by Capt. E. C. Linton, R.A.M.C.
P. badia Pers. (Lat., chestnut-brown). Ferndown,
Mrs. Pr ingle.
Genus 14. OTIDEA Pers. (Gr., otis, otidos, from ous, an
ear, from the ear-like shape of the species).
0. leporina Fuckel. (Lat., adjective of a hare, from a
resemblance to a hare's ear). On the ground in
Holt Wood, Mrs. E. W. Baker.
0. aurantia Mass. (Lat., orange, the colour of the
species).
On rubbish in nice quantity, Swanage, C. B. G.
Witchampton, Mrs. E. W. Baker. Rhymes Copse,
Edmondsham.
FUNGI OF EAST DORSET. 189
0. luteo-nitens Mass. (Lat., bright or shining yellow).
In a pine wood to the N. of Ferndown.
Genus 15. HELVELLA Linn, (emended).
H. crispa Fr. (Lat., curled, wavy, from the shape of the
pile us). Pine wood, Rempstone, C. B. G. Fern-
down, Mrs. Pringle. Witchampton, Mrs. E. W.
Baker. Edmondsham Rectory orchard. Belt of
woodland on the E. side of St. Giles' Park, and
Creech Hill Wood on the N. side.
H. laeimosa Afzel. (Lat., full of holes or hollows, from
the irregular structure). Belt of woodland on the
E. side of St. Giles' Park. Mixed plantation chiefly
of firs, S. of Cranborne.
Genus 16. LEOTIA Hill.
L. lubrica Pers. (Lat., slippery). On the ground in
woodland, Sutton Holms.
Genus 17. SPATHULARIA Pers. (Lat., from the
spathulate heads).
S. clavata Sacc. (Lat., clavate, club-shaped). Among
pine leaves on the ground, in woodland near Cran-
borne.
Genus 18. GEOGLOSSUM Pers. (Gr., ge, earth, glossa,
tongue).
G. glutinosum Pers. (Lat., sticky). On the ground
among grass southwards of Ferndown, Mrs. Pringle,
Longcraft.
Class III. PHYCOMYCETES (Moulds).
Microscopic Fungi with sexual reproduction.
Genus 1. PHYTOPHTHORA De By. (Gr., plant-destroyer).
P. infestans De By. (Lat., attacking, destroying). Potato
Disease. No notes kept, but a frequent destructive
plague on potatoes in wet seasons, attacking first
the leaf and stem, and working down to the root.
190 FUNGI OF EAST DORSET.
Class IV. DEUTEROMYCETES (Imperfect Fungi).
Microscopic ; supposed to be forms of higher
fungi.
Family 1. MUCEDINEAE Link.
Hyphae pallid or bright-coloured, collapsing, not
cohering in fascicles.
Genus 1. MONILIA Pers. (emended by Saccardo). (Lat.,
bracelets, from the arrangement of the conidia).
M. fructigena Pers. (Lat., born of fruit, from its dense
tufts growing on decaying fruits). In the form of
mould growing on decayed apples in Edmondsham
Rectory Orchard, and doubtless common else-
where.
Genus 2. OIDIUM Link (emended). (Gr., diminutive of
egg, from the elliptic or oval conidia).
0. alphitoides Griff, et Maub. (Gr., like pearl-barley or
meal, alphiton). On living oak leaves, roadside
Edmondsham to Goatham.
Genus 3. ASPERGILLUS Micheli. (Lat., aspergo, to
sprinkle)
A. glaucus Link. (Gr., the hyphse being slightly
glaucous).
On fruit and leaves, Edmondsham Rectory
garden.
A. flavus Link. (Lat., yellow). A mould on herbarium
specimens, Edmondsham Rectory.
Genus 4. BOTRYTIS Mich. (Gr., from botrys, a cluster of
grapes).
B. cinerea Pers. (Lat., ashen, from the grey
colouring).
Frequent in Edmondsham Rectory greenhouse,
on dead leaves of geranium, Passion-flower,
FUNGI OF EAST DORSET. 191
moribund flowers, and rotten fruit ; no doubt
common elsewhere.
Genus 5. SEPEDONIUM Link. (Gr., from sepedon, decay).
S. chrysospermum Fr. (Gr., golden seed, from the
bright yellow conidia). The conidial condition of
Hypomyces chrysospermus . Growing on Boletus in
a wood south of Castle Hill, and in Furze Common
Copse, Edmondsham.
Genus 6. TRICHOTHECIUM Link. (Gr., trichos, of hair,
thecium, a case or box).
T. roseum Link. (Lat., rosy, its colour at length).
On bark in Edmondsham Rectory orchard, and
Furze Common Copse.
Genus 7. MACROSPORIUM Fr. (Gr., makros, long, sporos,
seed).
M. tomato Cke. Forming black patches on ripening
tomatoes in wet seasons, Edmondsham Rectory
Garden.
Genus 8. SEPTORIA Fr. (Lat., a septo, quid sporulae
typicae septatae, Saccardo).
S. euonymi-japonicae Pass. Discovered by Mr. C. B.
Green, on fallen leaves of Euonymus japonica, a
well known evergreen shrub, at Durleston, Swanage ;
named by Mr. J. F. Rayner for him, and reported
as new to Britain.
Family 2. TUBERCULARIEAE Ehrenb.
Hyphse pallid or brownish, densely conglutinated
in a wart-like tuft.
Genus 1. TUBERCULARIA Tode.
T. vulgaris Tode. Conidial state of Nectriacinndbarina.
Cranborne. Edmondsham. Plantation N. of Fern-
down.
192 FUNGI OF EAST DORSET.
MYCETOZOA De Bary. (Myxomycetes
Wallroth).
Spore -plants with animal affinities.
Sub-class ENDOSPOREAE.
Genus 1. BADHAMIA Berkeley.
B. capsulifera Berk. (Lat., bearing capsules).
On fir-logs, &c., Not common. In the crevice
between loose bark and wood of a decayed branch,
in a belt of trees between Great Down and the road
to Verwood, Edmondsham. Named for me by the
staff at Kew.
B. utrieularis Berk. (Lat., adjective of a name for
small skin bottles). On Stereum ochroleucum growing
on dead wood from an Edmondsham wood.
B. panicea Rost. (Lat., made of bread, or perhaps in
this case like millet seed). Usually on dead bark
of elm ; found on a piece of elm wood, from one of
the woods in Edmondsham.
Genus 2. LEOCARPUS Link. (Gr., leios, smooth, carpos
fruit).
L. fragilis (Dicks.) Rost. L. vernicosus Link. (Lat.,
fragile).
On dead leaves, &c., not common. Witchampton.
Mrs. E. W. Baker. Fir wood near Broadstone.
Genus 3. DIDYMIUM Schrader.
D. difforme Duby. (Lat., of two forms). On dead
leaves, woodland by Great Down, Edmondsham.
D. squamulosum Fr. (Lat., of little scales).
D. effusum Link. On dead wood. Edmondsham
Rectory grounds.
FUNGI OF EAST DORSET.
193
INDEX
Or CLASSES, FAMILIES AND GENERA.
Pages of Part I. (in Vol. XXXV.) are referred to in the left-hand
column of figures, those of Part II. in the right-hand column.
Agaricineae
Agaricus
Amanita
Amanitopsis
Armillaria ...
Ascomyces ...
Ascomycetes
Aspergillus ...
Auricularia ...
Badhamia
Basidiomycetes
Bolbitius
Boletus
Botry tis
Bulgaria
Calocera
Cantharellus
Chlorosplenium
Claudopus ...
Clavaria
Clavarieae . . .
Clitocybe
Clitopilus . . .
Coleosporium
Collybia
Coprinus
Cordiceps . . .
Corticium . . .
Cortinarius ...
Coryne
Craterellus ...
Crepidotus ...
Cyathus
Cyphella ...
Dacryomyces
Daldinia
Daedalea
Dasyscypha
Deuteromycetes
147
Diatrypella
184
175
156
Dichaena
185
147
151
Didymium ...
192
148
151
Discomycetes
185
148
151
Entoloma . . .
... 166 155
183
Epichloe
183
183
Erysiphe
185
190
Exidia
176
175
Fistulina
160
192
Flammula . . .
... 170
147
151
Fomes
162
178
157
Galera
... 171 155
158
Gasteromycetes
177
190
Geaster
178
186
Geoglossum
189
174
Geopyxis
187
163
154
Gomphidius
157
187
Grandinia . . .
168
168
Gymnoascaceae
183
173
Hebeloma . . .
... 169 155
172
Helotium . . .
186
150
152
Helvella ...
189
167
Hirneola
175
182
Humaria
188
152
153
Hydneae
166
178
157
Hydnum
166
183
Hygrophorus
... 157 153
171
Hymenochaete
170
172
156
Hymenogastreae
181
186
Hymenomycetes
... 147 158
168
Hypholoma
... 176 156
171
155
Hypoxylon...
184
178
Inocybe
... 168 155
172
Irpex
167
176
Ithyphallus...
177
185
Laccaria
... 152 153
166
Lachnea
187
187
Lactarius ...
... 159 153
190
Lentinus
... 165
194
FUNGI OF EAST DORSET.
Lenzites
165
Polyporeae . . .
158
Leocarpus
192
Polyporus . . .
, 160
Leotia
189
Polystictus ...
164
Lepiota
148
151
Poria
165
Leptonia
167
Psathyra
... 178
Lycoperdaceae
178
Psathyrella
... 179 157
Lycoperdon
179
Psilocybe
... 177 156
Macrosporium
191
Puccinia
182
Marasmius ...
164
154
Pyrenomy cetes
183
Massaria
185
Rhyzopogon
181
Melampsora
181
Rhytisma ...
186
Melanosporidium . . .
184
Russula
... 161 154
Melanotaenium
183
Scleroderma
180
Merulius
166
Sclerodermeae
180
Mollisia
186
Sclerotinia ...
187
Monilia
190
Sepedonium
191
Mucedineae
190
Septoria
191
Mycena
154
153
Soppitiella ...
172
Mycetozoa ...
192
Sparassis
172
Naucoria
171
Spathularia
189
Nectria
183
Sphaerella ...
185
Nidulariaceae
178
Sphaerobolus
178
Nolanea
167
Stereum
169
Nyctalia
164
Stropharia . . .
... 175 156
Odontia
168
Thelephora . . .
169
Oidium
190
Thelephoreae
168
Omphalia ...
156
Trametes
165
Otidea
188
Tremella
176
Panaeolus ...
179
157
Tremellineae
175
Panus
165
155
Tremellodon
167
Paxillus
175
156
Tricholoma
... 149 152
Peniophora
171
Trichothecium
191
Peziza
188
Trochila
185
Phalloideae
177
Tubaria
... 171 155
Phy corny cetes
189
Tubercularia
191
Phytophthora
189
Tuber cularieae
191
Phlebia
168
Typhula
175
Pholiota
168
155
Uncinula
185
Phragmidium
182
Uredinales ...
181
Pilacreae
177
Ustilaginales
183
Pleurotus ...
157
Ustilago
183
Pluteus
166
Xylatia
184
Erratum. On p. 179, line 2, for rubescens read rufescens.
Ketums of Kainfall in Dorset
in 1914.
By the Rev. H. H. TILNEY BASSETT, R.D.
year 1914 from a meteorological point of view
is an interesting one ; some of the features of
this exceptionally wet year are, therefore,
noteworthy.
The excess in the rainfall extended through-
out the British Isles, and as a whole was 6 per
cent, above the average. The centre of Dorset
gained the reputation of recording the greatest
rainfall for the year, the excess rising above 30 per cent.
The months of November and December fixed the character
of the year's rainfall. Up to October 21st there had been no
excess recorded ; but from that date a remarkably wet period
commenced, and from October 21st to the end of the year
there were only 20 days without rain, but the long-continued
rains of December, which gained for December, 1914, the
distinction of being the wettest December on record, was the
great feature of the year. The exceptionally long-continued
rains of that month were due to the peculiar slow movement
of the storm systems which arrived on our W. and N.W.
coasts, on several occasions remaining almost stationary
196 RAINFALL IN DORSET.
for days together ; notably this was the case from
the 6th to the 10th, and from the llth to the 14th,
and 17th to 21st, and 25th to 29th. The storm systems
were also very extensive and had a general tendency to deepen
in their progress. The winter months of the year were, however,
in accord with the mild character of the winter seasons which
have prevailed for the last 20 years.
The longest spells of rainless weather were from January
llth to 24th, and April the llth to May 1st, and September
17th to October 12th.
The average rainfall for the year calculated from the 22
stations marked with an asterisk in the Tables is 43.680,
the average for the 59 years 1856-1914 is 34.013, showing
an excess for the year 1914 of 9.667in. above the average.
The wettest day throughout the county generally occurred
on November 2nd, the greatest fall being registered on that
day at 31 stations. 16 observers record the greatest fall on
July 19th, and 4 on August the 4th.
The greatest fall in the 24 hou^s was registered at Chardstock
Vicarage 2.56in., July 19th ; 2.51in. at Broadwindsor, July
19th ; 2.17in. at Gussage St. Michael, November 2nd, and
2.1 Sin. at Lyme Regis, July 19th.
Days with 1 or more inch. One station records 8, one
station 7, 2 stations 6, 4 stations 5, 7 stations 4, 18 stations 3,
17 stations 2, 6 stations 1. Only one station did not reach
1 inch on any day.
The maximum number of wet days were recorded at
Abbotsbury 211, Broadwindsor 210. The minimum number
at Fleet House, Chickerell, 136.
OBSERVERS' NOTES.
ABBOTSBURY, NEW BARN. The average fall since 1898
(when this record was started), 29.51in.
The wettest year was 1912, when 38.96 was recorded, and
the dryest 1905, when 22.27 was recorded.
RAINFALL IN DORSET. 197
BEAMINSTER, HAMILTON LODGE. Average Beaminster
rainfall to the end of 1913 for 41 years 37.98 inches.
Rainfall for 1914 50.65 inches is a record ; previous highest
49.25 inches in 1903.
BRADFORD PEVERELL. Snow fell on the night of 19th
March and early in the morning of 20th.
April 7th Thunder and lightning and hail in the morning.
May 22nd Thunderstorm at night, 2| hours.
BROADSTONE, LYPIATT COTTAGE. If the year had been
about 2 hours longer we should have had 10 inches in
December.
It is peculiar that on only 3 occasions was there rain on
the 1st of the month.
CHARMINSTER, BROOKLANDS. May 26th Frost five
degrees ; May 27th Frost six degrees.
CHEDINGTON COURT. Thunderstorms were heavy on
June 9th and 14th. The heavy rainfall on the 9th started
about 6 p.m. and rained all night. The thunderstorm of
Sunday the 14th was remarkably heavy from 4.30 to 7.30
p.m. with vivid lightning. The total for December is the
heaviest monthly fall of which we have any record (17 years).
The total for the year is also the largest, the one nearest
being 49.46 on 313 days in 1912, and 49.02 on 191 days in
1903. The fall of March 9th, 0.55 is from a fall of snow just
over 2 inches. Average for 17 years, 38.40 on 172 days.
CHICKERELL, " MONTEVIDEO." May 22nd Thunder-
storm. June 14th Heavy storm of thunder and lightning
in afternoon ; a house was struck and a cow killed in next
parish of Fleet.
July 12th Thunderstorm in early morning.
August 14th Heavy thunderstorm in evening for several
hours with very bright and continuous lightning, chiefly at a
198 RAINFALL IN DORSET.
distance of several miles ; a few flashes were close. There
was brilliant lightning in the S.W. and N.W., but some also
in the opposite quarter.
November 16th First hoar frost.
DORCHESTER, WOLLASTON HOUSE. The total 45.58 is
much in excess of the accepted average for Dorchester,
viz., 35.80. But the total for the year 1912 was higher,
48.90.
April, May, and June, were all dry months, the total for
the three months being only 3.47 inches.
There were no heavy thunderstorms during the summer.
FLEET HOUSE, NEAR WEYMOUTH. On the 14th of June
1.20 rain fell in 1 hour during a very violent thunderstorm.
EAST LULWORTH VICARAGE. The total fall is much above
the average of 10 years, which works out at 36.04 and has been
exceeded only in 1912, 45.33. The bulk of rain fell in the last
quarter of the year, and the fall in November and December
was far heavier than in any corresponding months of the
previous year. January rainfall was unusually light, only
in 1908 was it less (.70). The heavy rain of August the 14th
was accompanied by heavy thunder and lightning.
LYME REGIS. December llth, commencing about 1 a.m.
a violent storm occurred S.W. a little southerly, which reached
hurricane force from about 7 to 12 p.m., and did considerable
damage in Lyme Regis to roofs, chimney pots, &c. It
continued, though not so violent, until 4 p.m.
Thunder was also prevalent for this season of the year,
December 28th, a violent storm and very heavy rain, the
amount of rain measured 1.95 inches.
ST. GILES' HOUSE. Mean temperature for 1914, 49.65 ;
max., 90 July 1st ; min. 15. January 24th ; max, in sun
145 June 30th ; min. on grass 11 January 24th .
RAINFALL IN DORSET. 199
Hours of bright sunshine 1,823.
Highest bar. reading 30.35 April 26th.
Lowest bar. reading 28.38 February 21st.
STURMINSTER MARSHALL, BAILIE HOUSE. Of the .66
rainfall on March 19th, .21 was melted snow.
July 12th, Sunday Thunderstorm 5.30, 8 a.m., .62.
October 17th, Tuesday First white frost.
STURMINSTER NEWTON. Thunderstorms occurred on June
14th, July llth, August 14th.
TURNWORTH. 1914, the wettest year I have registered.
In 1912 rain fell on 199 days, against 196, in 1914, but the
rainfall in 1912 was 53.77 against 54.67.
December, 1914, was the wettest month I have ever
registered (10.30) ; the most I have ever registered in 24 hours
was on November 2nd, 1914 (1.60).
WAREHAM, TRIGON. January 19th, '01. This fell in form
of fine snow.
June 14th Thunderstorm of 50 minutes.
December, 9.18 This is a record fall. In 1872 the
rainfall here was 6.03 though the year's total was 47.87.
The previous highest December fall is 8. 77 in 1876, January,
1877, having 7.72 made the worst flood at Trigon on record
16.49 being the total for the two months.
WEYMOUTH. Partial solar eclipse 21st August. Temper-
ature dropped from 70.8 to 66.9 during the eclipse.
June 14th Very violent thunderstorm 3 p.m. 5 p.m.,
0.68 rain during time.
WlNTERBORNE WHITCHURCH VlCARAGE.
JAN. A very dry month, rain or snow fell on 10 days, but
the amounts were small, the heaviest fall in 24
hours being 0.33 in. 29th. There was a cold period
200 RAINFALL IN DORSET.
between the llth and 23rd. From the evening
of the 18th to midday on 21st the temperature
did not rise above the freezing point in the shade.
The highest temperature was registered on the
9th 53.0, the lowest during the night of the 23rd,
16.0.
The coldest day was the 19th, the temperature
failing to rise above 30.0. The warmest night,
that of the 9th, when the thermometer did not fall
below 50.0.
FEB. Characteristic of the conditions w r hich have prevailed
for many winters past, the wind blew almost con-
tinuously from the W. and S.W. throughout the
month. There \vere 17 days in which rain fell,
the heaviest fall in 24 hours being 0.77 on the 21st.
The highest temperature was registered on the
14th, 55.0 in shade, the lowest during the night of
the 27th, 27.0.
The coldest day was the 18th, 45.0. Th3
warmest night that of the 14th, when the temper-
ature did not fall below 50.0.
MARCH. A wild wet month throughout. During the night
of the 23rd there was rather a heavy fall of snow.
Rain fell on 24 days, the heaviest fall in the 24
hours being 0.56 in. on the 8th.
The highest temperature was registered on the
31st, 59.0 in shade. The lowest was recorded
during the night of the 24th, 25.0.
APRIL. Generally a fine month with periods of real summer-
like weather. Rain fell on 8 days. The heaviest
fall in the 24 hours was 0.29 on the 9th. The
highest temperature was reached on 21st, 73.0 in
shade. The lowest was recorded during the night
of the llth, 29.0.
RAINFALL IN DORSET. 201
MAY. From the 3rd to the 14th weather was very cold for
the season. From 14th to 23rd conditions were
warm and summerlike. From the 23rd to end
of month the weather was unusually cold, the
thermometer falling as low as 29.0 (in screen), the
night of the 25th, and 31.0 the night of 26th.
Rain fell on 15 days. The heaviest fall in 24 hours
occurred on the 3rd, when 0.51 was measured.
The highest temperature was registered on the
19th, 75.0. The lowest, the night of the 25th,
29.0. Two sharp thunderstorms passed over from
S.S.W. to N.N.E. on the 22nd and 23rd, the first
between 7 and 8 p.m. on the 22nd, the second
between 12.30 and 1.30 a.m. on the 23rd.
JUNE. Beautiful summer weather prevailed throughout the
month. On no less than 17 days the shade
temperature rose to 70 and above, and on two
days 80 and above was recorded. Rain fell on
10 days. The heaviest fall in 24 hours occurred
on the 14th, 0.72. The highest temperature was
registered on the 30th, 82.0 in shade. The
lowest during the night of the 26th, 40.0.
A heavy thunderstorm passed from E. to W.,
lasting from 3 to 6 p.m. on the 14th.
On the 18th there was heavy thunder and vivid
lightning to the N. and E. from 3 to 6 p.m. This
storm did not reach Whitchurch, but was
particularly severe over the Blandford district,
when one inch and a-half of rain was measured,
and much destruction was occasioned by the
lightning, some 60 sheep being killed at Blandford
St. Mary and a cedar tree was struck in the
Rectory garden, and several houses were struck
at Blandford.
JULY. Very unsettled weather prevailed throughout the
month. Rain fell on no less than 16 days. The
202 RAINFALL IN DORSET.
heaviest fall in the 24 hours occurred on the 19th,
when 1.40 in. was measured. The temperature
reached 80 and above on two occasions, and 70
and above on 9. A thunderstorm passed from
S. to N. between 4 and 8 a.m. on the 12th.
The highest temperature was registered on the
1st, 85 in shade. The lowest during the night
of the 3rd, 43.0.
AUGUST. From the 10th the weather maintained warm and
summerlike conditions to the end of the month.
Rain fell on 12 days, the heaviest fall in 24 hours
being 0.94in. on the 4th. A long and heavy
thunderstorm passed from S.E. to N.W. from 9 p.m.
the 14th to 2 a.m. the 15th, followed by a continuous
rain till late in the afternoon of the 15th. From
tho 10th to the end of the month the temperature
only twice failed to reach 70 in the shade during
the day. The highest temperature occurred on the
14th, 80.0. The lowest during the night of the
7th, 43.0.
SEPT. Rain fell on only 6 days throughout the month.
The heaviest fall occurred on the 9th, when 1.05
was recorded. The highest temperature was reached
on the 3rd, 80.0 in the shade, the lowest reading
during the night of the 29th, 31.0.
OCT. Rain fell on 13 days. The heaviest fall in the 24
hours occurred on the 31st, when 0.73in. was
measured. The highest temperature was registered
on the 2nd, 64.0 in shade. The lowest during the
night of the 7th, 31.0. The month was generally
warm and the nights mild for the season.
Nov. There were 16 days on which rain fell in November.
The heaviest fall in the 24 hours occurred on the
RAINFALL IN DORSET. 203
2nd, 1.37in. The highest temperature reached was
registered on the 6th, 57.0 in shade. The lowest
observed was during the night of the 18th, when
the thermometer fell to 21.0. The coldest day was
the 23rd, when the temperature did not rise above
36.0. The warmest night was that of the 29th,
when the temperature failed to fall below 50.0.
DEC. This month will be remembered for its rainfall and
for gaining the reputation of the wettest December
on record. Rain fell on 23 days ; on two occasions
over an inch fell in the 24 hours, viz., 17th 1.09,
and the 28th 1.05. On no less than 10 occasions
over half an inch fell in the 24 hours.
Snow fell for a short time at 6.30 p.m. on the
23rd. The highest temperature was registered
on the 6th, 54.0 in shade, the lowest during the
night of the 22nd, 22.0. The coldest day was the
24th, when the temperature did not rise above
37.0. The warmest night was that of the 6th,
when the thermometer did not fall below 49.0.
Total rainfall for the month 10.38 in.
The max. and min. thermometers from which the above
records were taken are Kew-corrected instruments, placed
in a Stevenson screen, 4| feet above ground (over grass).
204
RAINFALL IN DORSET.
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207
208
RAINFALL IN DORSET.
TABLE III. AVERAGE MONTHLY RAINFALL.
1914.
59 years, 1856-1914.
Average
of 22
Stations
marked *
Proportionate
fall (a).
Difference from
59 years'
average (6).
Days of
O'lin.or
more.
Proportionate
fall (c).
Do. corrected for
inequality of
days (d).
January
In.
0'90
(a) (b)
21 - 74-5
11-9
In.
3-245
(c) (d)
95-5 93-7
February
5-34
122 + 47
15-4
2-552
75 81*5
March
5-52
126 + 52'5
25'5
2-498
73-5 72-1
April
1'30
30 - 35
17'5
2-202
65 65-9
May
1-62
37 - 21-5
13-4
1-991
58-5 57-4
June
1-45
33 - 32
9-6
2-208
65 65-9
July
4-52
103 -I- 35'5
18-5
2-299
67-5 66-3
August
3-26
75-6
12-7
2'755
81 79'6
September .
2'07
47 - 37
9-5
2-871
84 85-2
October
3'26
75 - 47
13'5
4-136
122 119-9
November .
5-72
131 + 29
19'0
3-478
102 103-5
December .
8-72
200 + 89
24-1
3-778
111 109-0
Year
43-680
1,000
190-6
34-013
1,000 1,000
.SCALE OF FEET'
101 23456789 10
Sections 1, II, III, see folding plan.
Kqports on tijc (Excavations at
1914.
N the 3rd of February, 1914, the Chairman and
the Corresponding Secretary (Mr. Chas. S.
Prideaux) of the Earthworks Sectional Com-
mittee were authorised by the Dorset Field
Club to make a thorough scientific exploration
of the " Dewlish Elephant Trench."
This work was begun on June 15th,
and was continued without intermission
for six weeks under the constant and unfailing supervision
of the Corresponding Secretary. Many experts came
repeatedly to view and examine the operation as it progressed
and with much kindness have sent in admirable Reports.
There can be no longer any doubt that the " Trench "
was wrought, not by the hand of man, but by the action
of water, which must have had one or other of three sources.
Mr. CLEMENT REID (1) derives it from the Devil's Brook,
which, he believes, ran, in Pliocene times 90 feet higher than
Clement Reid, F.R.S., F.G.S., F.L.S., Geological Survey, Jermyn
St., S.W.
210 EXCAVATIONS AT DEWLISH.
at present, or on a level with the upper part of the existing
fissure, which was widened and deepened by the inflowing
water of the passing stream. His report and analyses possess
the highest value and interest, and are given in full.
Mr. DEWEY (2) considers that the Dewlish Valley and
Stream have been little altered in relative shape and position ;
and the water that washed out the " trench " and filled it
with its present contents, he derives from " Cloud-bursts."
His most suggestive Report is also given in full, as well as
his instructive Analyses.
A third theory derives the water from rapid melting of
accumulated masses of snow and ice, regards the elephant
bones as long precedent, and considers that they w r ere washed
in with the gravel which encloses them, and of which they
would thus form a constituent.
Mr. CHARLES ANDREWS (3) reports, on the 19th of
January, 1915, that " the bones from Dewlish include nothing
of interest, and are, I should think, much more recent than
the Elephant remains."
The "eoliths " were submitted to Mr. REID Mom (4) who
reported, 23rd August, 1914, that of " thirteen flints from
Dewlish, nine are nodules, and four are tabular specimens.
Their colour varies from yellow to ochreous red, and several
of them are much abraded. On examination with a lens
each specimen exhibits on its flaked surfaces, striae of
varying depth and probably associated with the abrasion
or crushing. None of the flints is fissured by cracks, and
the flaking has been caused, almost exclusively, by blows,
( 2 -) Henry Dewey, Geological Museum, Jermyn St., S.W.
(3-) Charles W. Andrews, F.R.S.,, Geological Department,
S. Kensington Museum.
< 4 -) J. Reid Moir, F.R. Anth. Inst., President of the Prehistoric
Society of Eaat Anglia. He discussed the Striation of Flint Surfaces
in " Man," Vol. XIV., No. 90, 1914.
View looking into Potholes in Field
at Eastern end of excavation.
EXCAVATIONS AT DEWLISH. 211
or by thermal effects." " On five specimens two periods
of flaking can be detected."
The writer further deals with each facet on each flint,
and sets out the result in the form of tables which differentiate
those facets that are, as he believes, of human origin, from
those that are due to such natural effects as pressure, impact,
or sudden changes of temperature ; and from those of which
the cause is obscure. He considers that all the thirteen
flints have been, more or less, the subject of human
\vorkmanship .
Mr. REGINALD A. SMITH, (5) to whom the thirteen
" eoliths " were sent for examination, wrote on 21st
September, 1914 -" The time has not yet come to decide
on the nature of each flaked facet on these Dewlish flints,
which are evidently of the eolithic order, though this is a
t^rni which does not necessarily imply human work."
And Mr. GRIST, (6) who for years past has visited the spot,
says of these Dewlish " eoliths " " Some four or five of the
yellow flints bear favourable comparison with the implements
found in the Elephas-meridionalis gravels of St. Prest."
The excelbnt and indispensable measurements, plans, and
elevations were made by Mr. CHARLES PRIDEAUX, the
Corresponding Secretary ; while to those members and
friends of our Club who have rendered great personal
assistance, or given generous financial aid, we now tender
our heartiest thanks
Specimens of the various materials found in the trench,
together with the flints, bones, &c., and also maps and plans,
are deposited in the Dorset County Museum.
HY. COLLEY MARCH,
Chairman of the Earthworks Sectional Committee.
( 5 -> Reginald A. Smith, F.S.A., British Museum.
( 6 -) Charles J. Grist, M.A., Author of " Some Eoliths from Dewlish,
and the Question of Origin," Proc. R. Anthrop. Inst., Vol. XL., p. 192,
1909.
212 EXCAVATIONS AT DEWLISH.
MR. CLEMENT REID'S NOTES AND ANALYSES.
In order to trace the source of the material filling the deep
pot-holes in the chalk, a number of samples were examined
under the microscope, with the result that the whole of the
material seems to have come from the existing catchment-
basin of the Devil's Brook. Most of the samples show a
highly calcareous sand, consisting to a large extent of minute
grains of chalk and chalk-dust. This is full of sponge-
spicules, broken foraminifera and entomostraca, with a
few fragments of bryozoa, echinoderms, and shells, all
apparently from the Upper Chalk.
The insoluble residue left after treatment with weak acid
varies in most of the samples from 10 to 60%, the highest
percentage occurring in a fine-grained highly glauconite
sand found in the upper part of section I. In this particular
sample the amount of glauconite, the uniform size of most of
the quartz-grains and their coating with a film of iron-oxide,
not easily removed, suggest that the bulk of this material
comes from the Upper Greensand, which crops out about
three miles up the valley. But mixed with this rusty sand
is a smaller quantity of perfectly clear small grains of quartz
and a number of sponge-spicules not in any way stained.
The clear sand is probably from the Lower Chalk two miles
away, and the sponge-spicules and other fossils are from the
Chalk in the neighbourhood.
Most of the residues show also a small number of larger
and more rounded sand-grains, coming from the Eocene
deposits in the immediate neighbourhood. This we should
expect, as sub-angular grit-stones from the Eocene occur
occasionally in the gravels, and Eocene outliers are still to
be found not far from Dewlish.
Among the larger stones a considerable proportion,
especially of the broken flints, show a highly-polished surface,
where the flint is hard and sound, but a dull white surface
where the flint is white and porous within. Not all the flints
are thus polished, and only a few of the large flints ; but so large
EXCAVATIONS AT DEWLISH. 213
a number show this unusual gloss, that it is a character to
be explained. It corresponds closely with the gloss seen on
stones polished by drifting sand, from the Egyptian desert ;
but a consideration of all the surroundings leads us to think
that it was probably produced by the action of water rather
than of wind.
These polished flints are found in several isolated pipes
or pot-holes descending deep into the chalk, and quite out
of reach of any wind-eddies ; they are not confined to the
comparatively shallow trench examined in former years.
The sides of these pot-holes are curiously rounded and
smoothed, as though by swirling water ; they are not coated
with a film of black or red clay, as is usual in pipes formed
by the action of percolating rain-water. At one spot only
in the easternmost of the large pot-holes was seen a small
patch of the characteristic black clay lining ; showing
probably that this pot-hole, at any rate, had begun as a pipe.
At every point except this one patch the characteristic black
clay had been scoured aw T ay, and the clean washed sandy
gravel was directly in contact with the chalk. The small
pipe immediately beyond shows the ordinary black clay
lining.
How did these curious pot-holes originate and what is
the meaning of their very unusual infilling ? We are
evidently dealing with an exceptional deposit formed under
unusual conditions, not with either an ordinary river deposit,
or with the infilling of a pipe in the chalk. At Dewlish we
have now found that the line of the supposed trench is in
reality a line of closely-placed deep pot-holes, running nearly
at right-angles to the course of the valley. These pot-holes
are connected by a narrow joint or fissure, which dies out
eastward, so that the last pot-hole excavated by Mr. Mansel-
Pleydell shows a smooth unbroken wall on its eastern side,
and the chalk here rises nearly to the surface ; but beyond
is another small though deep pipe, in which, as already men-
tioned, was found a lining of black clay. In their inception
this line of pits was evidently nothing but a row of percolation
214 EXCAVATIONS AT DEWLISH.
pipes following the line of an east and west joint in the Upper
Chalk, But the pipes were subsequently greatly enlarged
by mechanical means, evidently by the swirling action of
the water charged with sandy gravel. This gravel was partly
derived from the flints removed from the surrounding chalk
during the scouring ; but it appears in the main to be com-
posed of broken and much weathered or waterworn flints,
such as will be found in the channel of any small chalk-
stream. The polishing, however, was done on the spot,
and is quite unlike anything found in the stones of the gravel
of an ordinary stream.
The story told by the Dewlish deposits seems to he some-
what as follows. The Devil's Brook, when it flowed about
90ft. above its present level, perhaps only as a winterbourne,
met, at right angles to its course, an open joint, along which
pipes had already been formed by the percolating rain-water.
At this point the Brook sank into the chalk, the swirling
water transforming the pipes into pot-holes, which tended
to be continued downward till they reached the
saturation-level.
It must not be thought that the present surface-level
around these pot-holes is any indication of the level at which
the river flowed. A glance at the bluffs which face the
Devil's Brook shows that here, as usual in the Chalk, there
were exceptional rushes of water during the Glacial Period,
when the soil was frozen. The valley has been deepened
and the bluffs rendered steep and precipitous since the
Dewlish pot-holes were cut, and it no longer shows the regular
curves, such as gentle action of the Brook would form.
Exactly how much the valley has been deepened since Newer
Pliocene times is not quite clear ; but the old river must
have flowed at the highest level at which the peculiar deposits
are found, and that is about 90ft. above the present level
of running water.
. Two points remain : What was the age of the chalky
sandy gravel filling the pot-holes ? and what was their
relation to the overlying mammaliferous deposit, which
View of Excavation looking East,
showing fissure partially cleared.
EXCAVATIONS AT DEWLISH. 215
occupies the more superficial parts of the trench connecting
these pot-holes ?
The extensive opening up of the deposits lately under-
taken indicates that there is little difference between the
mammaliferous part and the sand below, and that they
probably all belong to a single period. This, as far as the
meagre evidence goes, is somewhere about the date of the
Cromer Forest-bed, or latest Pliocene.
The probable story of the infilling of the trench and pot-
holes is as follows. The original joint crossing the stream-
bed was gradually widened and its solution-pipes were en-
larged by the swirling water descending into the large pot-
holes we now see. Gradually erosion and solution opened
up wider underground channels in the chalk ; the water
got away more freely, and the stream became a winter-
bourne, sinking into pot-holes at various points along its
course, sometimes disappearing entirely and leaving the
deserted trench and pot-holes open, vertical-sided, and
free from water. Then the open pot-holes would act as
natural pitfalls into which the animals which passed up
and down the valley might fall. This we think was the
mode by which the large unworn elephant-bones got into
the fissure. The bones of these animals were quietly let
down and never afterwards disturbed, though perhaps the
small bones were removed by carnivora. The large bones
show no sign of having been brought to the spot by water,
and there is no evidence that the Devil's Brook was any-
thing but a small stream, such as it is now.
The swirling action of the water laden with chalky sand,
as it sank in whirlpools into the pot-holes, would polish the
flints in the way we see. The abundant sponge spicules
would help to smooth the surfaces, and fine chalk-mud (i.e.,
whiting) is just the substance used by a lapidary for the
final polish.
This we think is the story of the Dewlish trench ; but
though we have cleared up some points, we feel that, as is
usual with any scientific enquiry, we have raised more
216 EXCAVATIONS AT DEWLISH.
questions than we have solved. It is still doubtful whether
in this southern region Elephas meridionalis may not have
existed after Preglacial times, and whether the elephant-
trench may not therefore correspond in age with the curious
Interglacial deposits with a southern fauna and flora, of the
Hampshire and Sussex coasts. This can only be settled
by the discovery at Dewlish of a more varied fauna than we
have yet been able to obtain.
The relation also to the old River Solent, and to the
physiography of a wide area, still needs consideration. Here
it may be pointed out that the Devil's Brook, though only a
small stream of short course, is one of the ancient rivers which
rise on the Jurassic plain, cut straight through the escarp-
ment of the Chalk, to fall into an East and West river occupy-
ing the centre of a Tertiary syncline. In short, the Devil's
Brook probably began to flow as far back as Miocene or
early Pliocene times, when this area was first raised above
the sea. In its history it is equivalent to the northward
and southward flowing streams, thrown off to the right and
left by the uplift of the Wealden axis.
Sample A. Close to road, (see transverse section II.).
A fine pale-buff dust, with a few minute black
specks.
At least 90 per cent, soluble in weak acid.
Undissolved shows numerous broken sponge-spicules and
grains of chalk.
Residue, fine quartz-grains mainly angular, a few minute
flint-chips, grains of glauconite, some silicious sponge-
spicules, occasional manganese grains, and flakes of mica.
Sample B. Close to road.
Buff calcareous sand and flint-gravel.
Sand-grains angular, of moderate size, mainly quartz, but
much flint ; many sponge-spicules.
About 20 per cent, soluble in weak acid.
Residue, sand-grains of moderate size and rarely large
(all these latter are quartz and rounded), flint-chips, and
glauconite grains.
EXCAVATIONS AT DEWLISH. 217
Sample C. Close to road.
Buff chalk-sand and gravel. Small angular flints and
small flint-chips.
Residue about 25 per cent., composed of quartz-grains and
many minute splinters of flint, sponge -spicules, and a
little glauconite.
Sample A. Transverse Section /.
Fine white calcareous sand full of sponge-spicules, rare
glauconite grains, fragment of Pecten, entomostraca.
No large grains excepting small chalk pebbles.
Sample B. Section I.
Fine white chalk-sand full of sponge-spicules, some
glauconite grains.
Sample C. Section I.
Pale buff calcareous sand, full of chalk-grains, sponge-
spicules, foraminifera and entomostraca, all apparently
from the Chalk.
Residue (insoluble) about 50 per cent., mainly small sub-an-
gular quartz-grains, much glauconite, some silicious-
spicules
Sample D. Section I.
Fine sandy gravel, angular flint, and grains of chalk, a
few splinters of flint, and large quartz-grains. Flints mostly
weathered white inside ; some polished.
Fine material, residue about 30 per cent. Quartz-grains,
silicious-spicules, glauconite.
Sample E. Section I.
Fine-grained rusty sand, full of sponge spicules, foram-
inifera and glauconite.
Insoluble residue of minute sub-angular quartz-grains,
coated with iron-oxide, and numerous sponge-spicules not
so coated. The iron-coated sand suggests derivation from
the Upper Greensand.
Sample F. Section I.
Grey dusty sand and fine gravel, small sub-angular flints,
some polished. Sand somewhat calcareous, residue of
small quartz-grains, flint-splinters, glauconite, sponge-
218 EXCAVATIONS AT DEWLISH.
spicules, and numerous minute black granules. A small
bryozoan.
Sample R.M. Section I. Two enclosed flints, the result
of thermal fracture, were rather more common here than
elsewhere.
These flints show no sign of fire, but are probably flaked
by violent changes of temperature. Coarse chalk-sand flint-
splinters, sponge-spicules, &c.
Sample E.M. Section I.
Fine rusty flint gravel, angular and sub-angular, and large
quartz-grains. Insoluble residue highly ferruginous.
Sample P.X.W. Section I., containing large yellow flints
more numerous on N. side.
Chalk-sand with splinters of flint.
From chalk fissure (see folding plan).
Angular flint-gravel, many flints polished.
Samples of all these materials may be seen in the Dorset
County Museum.
NOTES BY MR. HENRY DEWEY.
At the invitation of the Dorset Field Club I visited the
elephant trench at Dewlish at the beginning of July, 1914,
in company with Mr. Reginald Smith, of the British Museum.
The excavations had by that time exposed the greater part
of the trench ; but some of the deposits which formerly
filled it remained in contact with its walls. The trench
itself consists of a channel cut in the steep side of a valley,
and extends from the top down the slope to within a few
yards of the small stream which flows along the bottom.
The upper end of the trench, as described by Mr. Clement
Reid, has an apse-shaped end abutting against the nearly
level spread of ground which forms the water-shed between
the Dewlish Valley and its neighbour. This flat watershed
is covered with gravel, consisting of subangular brown-coated
EXCAVATIONS AT DEWLISH. 219
flints and ordinary chalk-flints. The trench cannot be
traced on the western slope of the valley, although it was
searched for carefully by Mr. Mansel Pleydell.* This fact
lends support to the view that the valley was already in
existence when the trench was cut, and if this were the case
it follows that most of the present configuration of the land
had also been produced at that time. The trench is
continuous down the eastern side and is cut in the chalk in
such a way that its base is roughly parallel to the surface slope.
In the correspondence which was published in Nature 1914,
discussing the late Mr. Osmond Fisher's suggestion that
the trench had been dug as an elephant trap, Mr, MacTurk
called attention to the effect of cloud-bursts in the chalk
wolds of Yorkshire, where deep gullies or trench-like channels
were cut by the sudden torrential streams which rushed down
the sides of the dry valleys.
Gullies similar to those mentioned by Mr. MacTurk had
previously been described by Mr. G. W. Lamplugh in the
letterpress explaining the British Association collection of
photographs. These gullies are at Langtoft, near Driffield,
Yorkshire, where torrential rains fell in July, 1892, and
started cascades pouring suddenly down the slopes of the
dale, ripping gullies through the chalk and shaken rock and
spreading a fan of detritus at the foot of the slope after the
manner of rainstorms in arid mountain lands ! The rock
at this locality is chalk, forming one of the streamless dales
characteristic of the Yorkshire Wolds, with steep sides and
floored with gravels of an old watercourse.
The photograph represents a trench or gully closely com-
parable with the trench at Dewlish, and Mr. Lamplugh's
remarks as to the sudden and torrential rains, and
their likeness to those of arid mountain lands are instructive
in light of Mr. Reid's suggestion of the arid conditions in
which the trench was formed and the obvious influence of
" pluvial denudation " disclosed by the sections to be described.
* Proceedings Dorset Field Club, X., 14.
220 EXCAVATIONS AT DEWLISH.
An interesting section was laid bare during the excavation
of the trench on its northern wall, which threw an instruc-
tive light on the problem of the trench's origin. The
accompanying diagrammatic section * shows the depth of the
trench and the configuration of its northern wall. From
the surface to the base the trench is roughly seventeen feet
deep ; the wall, however, is not vertical, but is diversified
into rounded steps separated by perpendicular walls. The
first six feet from the top is a vertical wall of chalk (a)
smoothed and with channels running down from top to
bottom ; beneath this wall and jutting out into the trench
is a cupshaped hollow or basin (b) quite smooth inside,
but only a few inches deep. The lip of the basin is cut
through by channels which are continuous with other grooves
running down a second vertical smooth face (c) some two
feet deep. This face also terminated in a shallow basin (d)
with a channelled lip, beneath which the smooth vertical
face was traceable to the base of the trench (e). The structure
represents in fact a fossil waterfall with characteristic pot-
holes and smoothed faces and channels.
Pinnacles of chalk rise from the base of the trench at
its higher end, while much lower down the hillside
the bottom of the trench is undulating, hummocky, and
quite smooth, and when fine sand was swept with a birch
broom it poured down over the hummocks like water in a
cascade. And it is indeed probable that at this part of its
course the water of the torrent did form cascades as it rushed
towards the valley bottom.
There is, however, a sequence of events represented at
Dewlish, for the trench was filled with two sorts of deposits,
each one being confined respectively to its northern or southern
sides.
The earlier deposit is an exceedingly fine dust-like sand of
a pinkish grey colour. This rested in even-bedded
and false-bedded layers against the northern wall of the
* See folding plan.
EXCAVATIONS AT DEWLISH. 221
trench and filled in the pot-holes and channels of the fossil
waterfall. It has a harsh gritty feel when rubbed between
finger and thumb and, although of such exceedingly fine
grain, does not form a good polishing powder, as it scratches
metal deeply. It had been described as a quartz sand, but
the addition to it of dilute hydrochloric acid causes a brisk
evolution of carbon dioxide which reveals the presence of
carbonate. This is confirmed when the sand is examined
microscopically ; the constituents then seen being in
order of abundance (1) prismatic fragments of shell, mostly
of Inoceramus, (2) small rhombs of calcite, forming
together about three-fifths of the sand ; (3) quartz in
small angular crystalline pieces ; (4) small chips of flint ;
spicules from sponges constituted the remainder of the sand
except for rounded grains of glauconite, and crystals of
tourmaline and zircon.
The rhombs of calcite are minute and resemble some
described by the late Russell Gwinnell which were collected
from a water tank at Belton, Grantham. This material
consisted of a white, glistening, crystalline powder, or a
sand-like aggregate of minute crystals. It was deposited
in a water-tank into which water was led through an old
leaden pipe, over a mile in length, from a spring rising from
the basal beds of the Marlstone (Middle Lias) ! The
crystals were formed during the passage of the water through
the long pipe when the free surface of water was large as
compared with its volume. It was formed during the dry
summer months of 191 1 when the water was never more than
a trickle. Since that season a greater flow of water has
occurred and no further deposit of crystals has formed, but
only mud. These observations suggest that the formation
of the rhombs of calcite is indicative of conditions of drought
and thus afford a clue as to the conditions of formation of
the crystals of calcite in the Dewlish Sand. There are,
moreover, no constituents in the sand which could not
have come from the chalk of the neighbourhood. The
evidence is therefore in favour of purely local origin of this
222 EXCAVATIONS AT DEWLISH.
sand, and possibly its formation under somewhat arid
(Steppe) conditions. Included within the sand are flints of
two kinds, one being highly polished, while the other kind
are porous and decayed shell-like pieces roughly concavo-
convex and pentagonal in outline. The polished flints are
for the most part subangular, pebbles being rare. The
polish often covers most of the flint, but is occasionally
confined to one face. The surfaces are covered with wart-
like lumps, sometimes polished, rising from a surface pitted
with many small holes resembling pin pricks.
Similar pitted surfaces are also seen on the shelly fragments
of flint. These shelly flakes were described by Mr. Mansel-
Pleydell who called attention to the fact that they are about
as thick as a threepenny bit, while the polished flints are
usually much thicker. These concavo-convex chips look as
though they have been split off a large nodule by changes
of temperature, and are certainly a form not often met with.
Some brown coated flints similar to those lying on the hill
top were also brightly polished, although I was unable to find
any polished specimens on the neighbouring fields. It is
probable therefore that the polish was imparted when the
flint reached the trench and not while it was lying on the
surface.
An attempt was made to estimate the depth to which the
polish extended. Under the microscope the polished surface
seems to dip down into the little pits, but does not extend
to their bases, so that the surface is diversified by numerous
unpolished vaguely round patches.
The later deposit, a heterogeneous accumulation of
flints of various shapes, sizes, and conditions mixed with
the dust-like sand and without any sign of bedding,
fills the southern half of the trench from top to bottom,
and rests against the bedded sand in such a manner as to
suggest that it had cut through the sand and in part
replaced it. The relationship between the two was clearly
indicated by a section across the trench almost at
right angles to its length. This section revealed the
View of Excavation looking West,
showing River in valley.
EXCAVATIONS AT DEWLISH. 223
junction of the gravel with the sand as an undulating
or sinuous line, the coarser material cutting laterally into
the finer sand. Near the base of the trench there were
some large angular boulders of chalk which did not rest upon
their longest side, but almost on end, as though they had
been torn out from the side of the trench or had fallen from
the top into the gravel and sand. The constituents of the
coarse gravel were mostly flints derived from the chalk and
only slightly abraded, but there were in addition many of
the brown coated flints which occur so abundantly scattered
upon the surface of the water-shed. Polished, white, flints
were also common, many of them being pebbles or well
water- worn. In this rubbly flint and sand the teeth and
bones of the elephants were found fairly near the surface of
the trench. The sequence of events was, therefore, first the
erosion and denudation of the valley system of the neighbour-
hood to a degree not widely different from its present state.
Next, sudden and powerful downrushes of water from the
watershed to the bottom of the valley, which gouged out
the trench, and in places formed waterfalls and cascades. Then
came the infilling of the trench so formed by the dust-like
sand derived from the chalk of the neighbourhood ; and
finally other torrential rushes of water which cut out the
sand, from part of the trench and replaced it with the brown
flints swept from the hill-top, masses of chalk, chalk flints and
sand, and also deposited the elephant remains with the other
materials. This last phase was brought about by much wetter
conditions than the previous one, when only fine sand was
carried in, for in the sand none of the brown flints are found,
nor any chalk boulders nor large chalk-flints. That the
trench was cut by torrents is probable from the evidence
cited, especially the remnants of the waterfall and cascades,
and also, by analogy with the known modern examples
described by Lamplugh. The conditions in which the sand
originated and accumulated are not certainly known, but
that they were arid has been suggested by Mr. Clement
Reid ; and this is further borne out by the oncoming of the
224 EXCAVATIONS AT DEWLISH.
third phase of violent and sudden precipitation, which first
swept out the pre-existing deposits and then laid down heavier
materials of the nature of scree or rubble.
For Notes on Elephas Meridionalis found at Dewlish,
by the late J. C. Mansel-Pleydell, Esq., F.L.S., F.G.S., &c.,
see Proceedings of the Dorset Field Club, Vol. X., p. 1,
brasses of Dorset.
By W. de C. PRIDEAUX, F.S.A., L.D.S., F.R.S.M.
PART IX.
HE eight Brasses illustrated this year are derived
from four Churches, Bridport, Cheselborne,
West Stafford, and Upwey ; none of these
eight are mentioned in Haines' list.
In a communication I laid before you in
1904 I mentioned the Brass (1536) to a
Rector of Purse Caundle, then loose at the
Rectory, as being the only example in
England of an ecclesiastic shown with a
looped maniple. The second example being in Cracow
Cathedral to the memory of Cardinal Fredericus Cazmiri,
1510 (son of Casimir IV., King of Poland), where the maniple
shown on the wrist is plainly looped, possibly our little
Dorset example, now carefully refixed in Purse Caundle
Church, may before long be absolutely unique, and many
an example of the brass engraver's art formerly in the
Churches of crucified Belgium may only survive as engravings
in Greeny 's " Monumental Brasses."
226 ANCIENT MEMORIAL BRASSES OF DORSET.
I have remarked elsewhere this year* " We have some
eighty ancient Memorial Brasses in our Dorset Churches,
out of the about 4,000 remaining in England. The few
found on the Continent are chiefly in Belgium and the
Northern part of Germany ; of these there are (or were)
some 63 in the former country. These figures speak
for themselves, and show how much we owe to our insular
position, and how rich we are in memorials of the past, as
compared with other countries."
In my next communication, I hope to bring to your notice
a peculiarity regarding the Mohun Brasses at Fleet old
Church, brought to my notice by Mr. J. G. N. Clift.
BRIDPORT, ST. MARY'S.
Position. Mural ; on the east wall of chapel in the South
Aisle.
Size. 10in. wide by 12in. high.
Description. A plate showing fine work, probably from
the workshop of a copper-plate engraver, containing peculiar
abbreviations, a graceful border, and well-cut armorial shield
with mantling. Edward Coker was the second son of Robert
Coker, Esq., of Mapowder, by Mary, eldest daughter of Edward
Hooper, Esq., of Boveridge, and relict of John Brune, Esq.,
of Athelhampton. Crest, a moor's head in profile wreathed
arg. and gules. Arms, Argent, within a bordure engrailed sable
three leopard's heads or, a crescent for difference. The leopard's
heads, probably painted in, have disappeared.
Inscription. In memory of Edward | Coker Gent second |
son of CaptainRobert | Coker of Mapowder | Slayne at the
BVLL | Inn in Bridport IVNE the 14TH | AN Do 1685 by
one Venner | who was AN Officer VNDER the late DVKE of
MVNMOVTH | in that Rebellion |
* Presidential address read at the Annual Meeting of the Wessex
Branch of the British Dental Association, December, 1914.
coKER Cm SECONDX
SON OF \PJ ROBERT
COKER OF MAPOWDER
SLAJOT: AT THE BVLL ^
WHO ms OMCER \m
IK TFMT
Edward Coker, mural, South Aisle.
BRIDPORT.
fe
ANCIENT MEMORIAL BRASSES OF DORSET. 227
CHESELBORNE, ST. MARTIN.
Position. Now mural, nailed on East wall of North aisle,
but formerly part of an elaborate freestone monument, of
which portions remain in the Church. They should be
more securely fastened.
Description. Three small but beautifully-cut 16th Century
engraver's plates ; two are small and fine enough to serve as
book plates. Of the two smaller, one, bearing the name of
Hugh Kete, carries the following Crest, a unicorn's head erased
argent, armed or, gorged with a belt gules buckled and garnished
of the second, Kete. Arms, quarterly, 1 and 4, azure a chevron
between three kites' heads erased or. Kete, Chesilborne, 2 and 3
gules a chevron engrailed between three leopards' faces argent,
Coles, Dorset. The second, bearing no name, carries : Crest,
a talbot passant sable, collared argent, Grove. Arms, quarterly,
1 and 4, Ermine on a chevron engrailed gules three escallops or,
Grove of Odstock near Salisbury, 2 and 3, a fess dancette
charged with three lions rampant.
The middle and largest plate bears the names Kete and
Grove with their arms impaled ; immediately below the
dexter side of shield, within a small label, appears Hugh Kete
obiit xx die Sept : Anno dm : 1589, ^Etatis Suae, 57, below the
sinister side within a similar label, Mat : Grove, gen : fecit
Tho : Wittes, Scul :
Inscription
What lief weil led, hath lefte, his just report doth raise
Who spent his time in suche a sorte, as weil deserves a praise
A patron to the poore, a frinde to cache degree
That gave his goods most willingly wher neade might seme to
bie,
Whose weil deserved lawde, thoughe lief the same forsooke
Remaines with us in memorie, for men thearon to looke
That as he lived and died, at last to live againe,
Ourselves may showe, as greate a hope, with Christ above to
ragne
228 ANCIENT MEMORIAL BRASSES OF DORSET.
Five sonnes he left alive, five sonnes and daughters dead,
When he the waie which we must walke, himself to us he led
His liefe it is not loste, his spirit above the skiies,
His love and fame amongst his friends and heare his bodie lies.
Border Inscription. >f Christ is to me liefe and death is
to me advantage.
WEST STAFFORD, ST. ANDREW.
Position. Three inscribed brasses, formerly in slabs on
the chancel floor (the slab of Giles Long now forms part of
the nave floor, and measures 5ft. Gin. by 2ft. lin., having
matrix across its centre for the brass). At present mural.
(1) Size. 5jin. by ISJin.
Inscription. Here lyeth buried Giles Long, who deceassed
the \ xxviith of August Anno 1592, being of thadge of \ xxxth
years, and then lord of Frome Belle tt, and \ patrone of the
parsonadge of Frome Bellett, and \ Stafford, and presented
Richard Russelle \ Clarck unto the same.
(2) Size. Gin. by 19in.
Inscription. Hie sepultus jacet Robertus White \ qui
uxorem habuit Annam Richardi Russell \ filiam natu
maximam ; et qui obiit Octobs. ii \ ^Etatis suae Ixviii Anno
of Domi. MDCLXXX.
Here lyeth buried Robert White, who had a wife Anna, eldest
daughter of Richard Russell and who died October 2 of her
age 68 in the year of the Lord 1680.
(3) Size. 8|in. by 19|in.
Inscription. Laetae Resurrectionis spe hie quiescit
Robertus | Roberti White films natu major | Richardi
Russell Ecclesiae hujus Rectoris et Patroni | ex Anna filia
natu maxima, Nepos | qui cito nimis patrem secutus, heu !
obiit iiiito nonas Martii. ^Etatis suae xxxiido | Annoqz
Domi. MDCLXXXII.
Here rests, in the hope of a joyful resurrection, Robert,
elder son of Robert White, Grandson of Richard Russell (from
ClarcK vnto me latne ,
Giles Long, mural.
Hie fcpultu^ jacctRobcrlusWlute
qut iiaeo^cinliabHiL^nianmUliaiiliRnircff^
ifliam uala inaximauuctcim obi)tOclob;ij
Robert White, mural.
it^ nattt maioi 3 ;
ex AiniJifilici iiahi maxima, Nepo^.
Qui Cito uinife palrem ScqihiS,Ticu/ obw
iiij/JMoiia^Mtirtii./Efal^ fiiarxxxij. 1 '
Ximoo, DomV MDCLXXXU .^
' ^ (Svfi &~^) i^T\O ;
Robert White, mural.
WEST STAFFORD.
dlffi
.
llbr
William Gould, above "Altar" Tomb outside North Wall of Chancel.
UPWEY.
ANCIENT MEMORIAL BRASSES OP DORSET. 229
his eldest daughter Anna), Rector and Patron of this Church,
who followed his father too quickly and alas died iiii nones
of March, of his age 32. In the year of the Lord 1682.
UPWEY, ST. LAURENCE.
Position. On wall above altar tomb outside the North
wall of the Chancel.
Size. 18in. high by 17in. wide.
Description. A shield-shaped plate with lettering calling
for no special comment, but having in spaces near the lower
border the emblems of death and the implements of burial.
The Upwey Register mentions this burial in 1681. William
Gould, of Broadwey, Co. Dorset, was a Commander in the
Dorset Militia, and was born 1633. He was the second son
of John Gould, of Upwey, by Sarah, daughter of William
Every, of Cothay, Co, Somerset.
Inscription. I nos te ordine sequemur | Anima Creatori
pie placideque red | dita, hie depositis mortalitatis exuviis
| secundum Redemptoris adventu | praestolatur Gulielmus
Gould de Broadwey Generosus | Priscea fidei, primae
religionis | Vir, qui ad annos fere xlix, in via | peregrinator,
coelebs tandem | in Patriam migravit | tert cal. Martii |
A.D. MDCLXXXI. | Resurgam ubi tuus, Mors,
aculeus ? |
Go thou, we shall follow thee in due course. His soul
having been reverently and calmly restored to his Creator,
the garments of mortality having been laid aside, here
William Gould of Broadwey, a generous man, of ancient
faith and of the religion of his youth, who for well nigh
49 years was a traveller on the journey (of life) and a single
man, at length departed out of life to the land of his fathers
on March 1st*, 1681, waiteth for the second advent of The
Redeemer. I shall arise. Where is thy sting, Death ?
* See the Pedigree of Gould of Upwey, p. 842, Vol. II., Hutchins'
Dorset. 3rd Ed.
INDEX TO VOL. XXXVI.
By H. POUNCY.
Accounts, Treasurer's, 1.
Secretary's, xlv., li.
Ackling Dyke, 39.
Acland, Captain J. E. (Vice-
President and Hon. Treas.),
xxxix., xli., xliii., xlvi.,
xlix., 1.
Almack, Rev. A. C., xxxvi., xlv.
Ancient Monuments (Churches) Com-
mittee, xl.
Andrews, Chas., 210.
Augmentation Books in Lambeth
Palace Library, 48
Table of Contents, 50
Certificates of Approba-
tion, 55
Nominations to Livings, 68
Admissions to Livings, 70
Orders of the Council, 81
Badbury Rings, 40
Bankes, Canon Eldon, S., liii.
Bassett, Rev. H. H. Tilney (Hon.
Editor, Dorset Rainfall Re-
turns), xxxvi., 195.
Batten, Col. J. Mount, xxxii.
Bingham's Melcombe, xxix.
Beale, Rev. F. S., xxx., xxxi.
Bokerly Dyke, xl., 40
Bond, Nigel, xlix.
Bond, W. Ralph G., xliii., 44.
Brasses, Memorial of Dorset, 225
Bridport, St. Mary, 226
Camps of Refuge, 37
Cheselbourne, xxx., 227
Christchurch, Hants, xxxii.
Committees, Sectional, xi.
Cranborne Chase, 40
Cudgel-playing, 10
Curtis, W. Parkinson, (Hon. Editor
Dorset Phonological Report),
106
Cut-leg, 14
Dewey, Hy., xliv., 210, 218
Dewlish, Excavation of Elephant
Trench, 209
Dr. Colley March's Report,
209
Clement Reid, notes by, 212
Henry Dewey, notes by, 218,
xxvii., liv., Ixx.
Dickson, Colonel and Mrs. W. D.
(Directors of Photographic
Survey), xlvi.
Early Man in Dorset, 28
Earthworks and Fortified Enclosures
Committee, xl., Ixx.
Egyptian Gold Ornaments and Beads,
xxxvi.
Elephas Meridionalis, liv., 216, 224
Elwes, Captain (Vice-President), xlv.
Excavations
Roman Walls, Dorchester, 1
Dewlish Elephant Trench, 209
Fisher, Rev. Osmond, xxviii., xxxii.'
xlviii.
Flambard, Ralph, xxxiii.
Fletcher, Canon J. M. J., xxxix., xlii.,
16
Freke, Sir Thomas, xxx.
Fungi of East Dorset, part II., 148.
Index to same, 193.
Fry, Edward Alex. , xxxv. , xliii. , xlix.
48
Good, Ronald D., xli., xlviii.
Grimstone Free Chapel, xxxvii.
Gwinnell, Russell, 221
Hart, Edward, xxxii.
Henshaw, Stevenson (ex-Editor Rain-
fall Returns), xxxvi.
Hulse, Sir Edward, xl., Ixx.
Hutchins, Rev. John (historian of
Dorset), xlii.
Jukes-Browne, A. J., liv.
Libraries, affiliated, xxiv.
Linklater, Prebendary, liii.
Linton, Rev. E. F., 148
Longbottom, W. H., xxix.
Lydekker, Richard, liv.
Magic, xliii., 41
Maiden Castle, xlvi.
Mainwaring, Col., xliii., xlv.
Mansel-Pleydell, J. C., xxvi., xxvii.,
219, 224
Mansel-Pleydell, Canon, xxviii., xxxii.,
xlviii.
March, Dr. H. Colley, xxxvii., xliv.,
xlvi., 211
Mayo, Canon C. H. (Vice-President),
xxxvi.
Meetings, Annual, xliv.
Summer, xxvii., xxxii.
Winter, xxxv., xl.
Melcombe Horsey, xxx.
231
Members of the Club List of
Honorary, xii.
Ordinary, xii.
New, xxv.
Memorial Brasses, Ancient, of Dorset,
225
Bridport, St. Mary's, 226
Cheselbome, St. Martin, 227
West Stafford, St. Andrew,
228
Upwey, St. Laurence. 229
Moir, Reid, 210*
Moule.H. J., 1,3
Museum, Dorset County (New Ac-
quisitions), xlvi.,
Numismatics, xliii.
Officers of the Club, Past and Present.
v., xi.
Okeford Fitzpaine, xlii.
Penny, Rev. James, liii.
Pentin, Rev. H. (Vice-president and
Honorary Secretary), xxix.,
xxx., xxxii., xl., xliii., xlv,,
xlviii.
Phenological Report, 106
Barometric Readings,
146
Birds, 108
Flowering Plants, 144
Insects, 141
Mammals, 107
Reptilia, 140
Phillips, Rev. C. A., xlii.
Photographic Survey, xlvi.
Pickard-Cambridge, Rev. O. (Vice-
president), xliii,
xlv.
Pope, Alfred (Vice-President), xxxi.,
xxxvii., xlvi., xlix.
Portland Fossil Tree, xlvii.
President's Address, lii. Ixxiv.
Agriculture, Iviii.
Anthropology, Ixx.
Archaeology, Ixx.
Astromony, Ixi.
Botany, Iviii.
Chemistry, Ixvii.
Electricity, Ixvi.
Engineering, Ixviii.
General, Ixxii.
Geology, Ix.
Meteorology, Ixiv.
Obituary, lii.
Zoology, Iv.
Prideaux,Charles xxvii., xxviii., xliv.,
211
' Prideaux, W. de C., xxviii., xxxi
xliv., 225
Proceedings of the Club, xxvii.
Publications of the Club, xxvi.
Rainfall Returns for Dorset, 1914.
Observers' Notes, 196
Tables, 204
i Rawlence, E. A., xxxix., xliii., 6
Reid, Clement, xxviii., xliv., 209,
212
< Restored Churches, Committee's
Report, xxxv., xlviii.
Ryhdderch, Rev. W., xliv.
Richardson, N. M. (President),
xxvi., xxvii., xxxii., xxxv., xxxvi.,
xlviii.
Rivers, Lord, xxx.
Roman Defences at Dorchester, 1
Roads, 39
Rules of the Club, vi.
Russell, Richard, xlii.
Sectional Committees, xi.
Sherborne, Old Silk Industry, xii.
Smith, Reginald A., 211
Societies and Institutions, Corres-
ponding, xxvi.
Solly, Rev. H. Shaen, xxxix., 28
Somerset Archaeological Society,
xxxi.
Stafford, West, 228
Stinsford Churchyard, xlvi.
Stone, William, Royalist and Divine,
xxxix., 16
Summer Meetings
Dewlish and Neighbourhood,
xxvii.
Christchurch, Hants, xxxii.
Symonds, Henry (Vice-President and
Honorary Editor of " Proceed-
ings "), xl., xii., xlii., xlv., xlvii.,
xlix.
! Trade, Tokens, Dorset, xlvii.
I Upwey, 229
| Village Jokes and Games, Old, 6
Warry, Mrs. King, xlvii.
Williams, Colonel Sir Robert, M.P.,
xlviii.
Wimborne Minster, 16 et seq.
Winter Meetings, xxxv., xl.
Woodhouse, Miss E. E., xliv.
Woodyates, 39
Worgret Camp, xl.
Wynford, Lady, xlvi.
DA
670
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