Jr-
ViRHP
H
PROCEEDINGS
of the
DORSET NATURAL HISTORY
and
ANTIQUARIAN FIELD CLUB
From MAY, 1919, to MAY, 1920.
Edited by
J. M. J. FLETCHER.
VOLUME XLI.
DORCHESTER:
Printed by F. G. Longman, at the Cornhill Press.
1921.
984690
DA
G70
v.
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
List of Officers of the Club since the Inauguration ... ... ... v.
Rules of the Club ... ... ... ... ... ... ... vi.
List of Officers and Committees ... ... ... ... ... ... ' xi.
List of Members ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... xii.
List of New Members elected since the Publication of Volume XL ... xxiii.
Publications of the Club... ... ... ... ... ... ... xxvi.
Societies and Institutions in Correspondence with the Club ... ... xxvi.
THE PBOCEEDINGS OF THE CLUB FROM MAT, 1919, TO MAY, 1920 :
FIBST SUMMER MEETING ... ... ... ... ... ... xxvii.
SECOND SUMMER MEETING ... ... ... ... ... ... xxx.
FIRST WINTER MEETING ... ... ... ... ... ... xxxiv.
SECOND WINTER MEETING ... ... ... ... ... ... xxxviii.
ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING ... ... ... ... ... xlii.
The Hon. Treasurer's Financial Statement xlvi.
Anniversary Address of the President ... ... ... ... ... 1
Dorset Volunteers during the French Wars, 17931814, by Henry
Symonds, F.S.A. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 22
Saudsfoot Castle, Weymouth, by W. C. Norman ... ... ... 34
Some Old Inns of Wimborne, by E. Kaye Le Fleming, B.A., M.B. . . 39
A Glimpse of Weymouth and the War, 1802-3, by the Rev. W. Owen
Cockcraft ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 49
Tudor Houses in Dorset, and the Contemporary Life within them, by
Vere L. Oliver, F.S.A 55
Colour Sense in a Keyhole Wasp (Odynerus parietinus; Linn.), by
Nelson Moore Richardson, B.A. ... ... ... ... ... 92
Phonological Report on First Appearances of Birds, Insects, etc., and
First Flowering Plants, in Dorset during 1919, with other Notes of
Local Natural History, by the Rev. F. L. Blathwayt, M. A., M.B.O.U. 95
Return of Rainfall in Dorset in 1919, by the Rev. H. H. Tilney Bassett, R.D. 108
Index to Volume XLI ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 114
A General Index, Volume I Volume XLI, by Harry Pouncy ... ... 115
INDEX OF PLATE.
SANDSFOOT CASTLE :
li!th Century Cannon-Pierrier ... ... ... ... facing 38
V.
TTbe Dorset
IRatui-al Tbistors anfc antiquarian ff ielfc Club.
INAUGURATED MARCH 26TH, 1875.
Presidents :
1875-1902 J. C. Mansel-Pleydell, Esq., B.A.. F.G.S., F.L.S.
1902-1904 The Lord Eustace Cecil, F.R.G.S.
1904 * Nelson M. Richardson, Esq., B.A.
Vice-Presidents :
1875-1882 The Rev. H. H. Wood, M.A., F.G.S.
1875-1884 Professor James Buckman, F.S.A., F.G.S., F.L.S.
1880-1900 The Rev. Canon Sir Talbot Baker, Bart., M.A.
1880-1900 General Pitt-Rivers, F.R.S.
1880-1917 The Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge, M.A., F.R.S., F.Z.S.
1885 * The Earl of Moray, M.A., F.S.A. Scot., F.G.S.
1892-1904 Nelson M. Richardson, Esq., B.A.
1904~ 19 2 {* The Lord Eustace Ceci1 ' F.R.G.S.
1900-1909 W. H. Hudleston, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., F.L.S. , Past Pres.
Oeol. Society :
1900-1904 Vaughan Cornish, Esq., D.Sc., F.C.S., F.R.G.S.
1900 * Captain G. R. Elwes.
1902-1916 H. Colley March. Esq., M.D., F.S.A.
1904 * The Rev. Herbert Pentin, M.A.
1904-1916 The Rev. W. Miles Barnes, B.A.
1904 * The Rev. Canon J. C. M. Mansel-Pleydell, M.A.
1904-1908 R. Bosworth Smith, Esq., M.A.
1908-1909 Henry Storks Eaton, Esq., M.A., Past Pres. Boy. Met. Society.
1909 * The Rev. Canon C. H. Mayo, M. A., Dorset Editor of " Somerset and Dorset
Notes and Queries."
1909 * E. R. Sykes, Esq., B.A., F.Z.S., Past Pres. Malacological Society.
1911-1912 The Rev. C. W. H. Dicker, R.D.
1912 . * Alfred Pope, Esq., F.S.A.
191.'! * Henry Symonds, Esq., F.S.A.
1918 s His Honour J. S. Udal, F.S.A.
1915 * Captain John E. Acland, M.A., F.S.A.
1916 * Sir Daniel Morris, K.C.M.G.. D.Sc., D.C.L., F.L.S.
1918 The Rev. Canon J. M. J. Fletcher, M.A.
1918 * W. de C. Prideaux, Esq., F.S.A., F.R.S.M.
Hon. Secretaries:
1875-1884 Professor James Buckman, F.S.A., F.G.S., F.L.S.
1885-1892 The Earl of Moray, M.A., F.S.A. Scot., F.G.S.
1892-1902 Nelson M. Richardson, Esq., B.A.
1902-1904 H. Colley March, Esq., M.D., F.S.A.
1904 *> The Rev. Herbert Pentin, M.A.
Hon. Treasurers:
1875-1882 The Rev. H. H. Wood, M.A., F.G.S.
1882-1900 The Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge, M.A., F.R.S., F.Z.S.
1901-1910 Captain G. R Elwes.
1910-1915 The Rev. Canon J. C. M. Mansel-Pleydell, M.A.
1915 Captain John E. Acland, M.A., F.S.A.
Hon. Editors:
1875-1881 Professor James Buckman, F.S.A., F.G.S., F.L.S.
1885-1892-The Earl of Moray, M.A., F.S.A. Scot., F.G.S.
1892-1901 Nelson M. Richardson, Esq., B.A.
1901-1906 -The Rev. W. Miles Barnes, B.A.
1906-1909 The Rev. Herbert Pentin, M.A.
1909-1912 The Rev. C. W. H. Dicker, R.D.
1912-1917 Henry Symonds, Esq., F.S.A.
1917 The Rev. Canon J. M. J. Fletcher, M.A.
* The asterisk indicates the present officials of the Club.
VI.
Rules
of the
Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian
Field Club.
OBJECT AND CONSTITUTION.
1. The Club shall he called The Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian
Field Club, and shall have for a short title The Dorset Field Club.
The object of the Club is to promote and encourage an interest in the study
of the Physical Sciences and Archaeology generally, especially the Natural
History of the County of Dorset and its Antiquities, Prehistoric records, and
Ethnology. It shall use its influence to prevent, as far as possible, the
extirpation of rare plants and animals, and to promote the preservation of
the Antiquities of the County.
2. The Club shall consist of (i.) three Officers, President, Honorary
Secretary, and Honorary Treasurer, who shall be elected annually, and
shall form the Executive body for its management ; (ii.) Vice-Presidents,
of whom the Honorary Secretary and Treasurer shall be two, ex officw ;
(in.) The Honorary Editor of the Annual Volume of Proceedings ;
(iv.) Ordinary Members ; (v.) Honorary Members. The President, Vice-
Presidents, and Editor shall form a Council to decide questions referred to
them by the Executive and to elect Honorary Members. The Editor shall
be nominated by one of the incoming Executive and elected at the Annual
Meeting.
There may also be one or more Honorary Assistant Secretaries, who
shall be nominated by the Honorary Secretary, seconded by the President
or Treasurer, and elected by the Members at the Annual Meeting.
Members may be appointed by the remaining Officers to fill interim
vacancies in the Executive Body until the following Annual Meeting.
The number of the Club shall be limited to 400, power being reserved
to the Council to select from the list of candidates persons, whose member-
ship they may consider to be advantageous to the interests of the Club, to
be additional Members.
Vll.
PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENTS.
3. The President shall take the chair at all Meetings, and have an
original and a casting vote on all questions before the Meeting. I n addition
to the two ex officio Vice-Presidents, at least three others shall be nominated
by the President, or, in his absence, by the Chairman, and elected at the
Annual Meeting.
HON. SECRETARY.
4. The Secretary shall perform all the usual secretarial work ; cause a
programme of each Meeting to be sent to every Member seven days at
least before such Meeting ; make all preparations for carrying out Meet-
ings and, with or without the help of a paid Assistant Secretary or others,
conduct all Field Meetings. On any questions arising between the
Secretary (or Acting Secretary) and a Member at a Field Meeting, the
decision of the Secretory shall be final.
The Secretary shall receive from each Member his or her share of the
day's expenses, and thereout defray all incidental costs and charges of the
Meeting, rendering an account of the same before the Annual Meeting to
the Treasurer ; any surplus of such collection shall form part of the General
Fund, and any deficit be defrayed out of that Fund.
HON. TREASURER.
5. The Treasurer shall keep an account of Subscriptions and all other
moneys of the Club received and of all Disbursements, rendering at the
Annual General Meeting a balance sheet of the same, as well as a general
statement of the Club's finances, He shall send copies of the Annual Volume
of Proceedings for each year to Ordinary Members who have paid their
subscriptions for that year (as nearly as may be possible, in the order of
such payment), to Honorary Members, and to such Societies and individuals
as the Club may, from time to time, appoint to receive them. He shall
also furnish a list at each Annual Meeting, containing the names of all
Members in arrears, with the amount of their indebtedness to the Club.
He shall also give notice of their election to all New Members.
ORDINARY MEMBERS.
6. Ordinary Members are entitled to be present and take part in the
Club's proceedings at all Meetings, and to receive the published
" Proceedings " of the Club, when issued, for the year for which their
subscription has been paid.
7. Every candidate for admission shall be nominated in writing by one
Member and seconded by another, to both of whom he must be personally
known. He may be proposed at any Meeting, and his name shall appear
in the programme of the first following Meeting at which a Ballot is held
when he shall be elected by Ballot, one black ball in six to exclude.
Vlll.
Twelve Members shall form a quorum for the purpose of election. A
Ballot shall be held at the Annual and Winter Meetings, and may be held
at any other Meeting, should the Executive so decide, notice being
given in the programme. In the event of the number of vacancies being
less than the number of candidates at four successive Meetings, the names
of any candidates proposed at the first of such Meetings who have not been
elected at one of them shall be withdrawn, and shall not be eligible to be
again proposed for election for at least a year after such withdrawal.
Provided that if at any Meeting there shall be no vacancies available, it
shall not be counted in estimating the above named four Meetings.
8. The Annual Subscription shall be 10s., which shall become due and
payable in advance on the 1st of January in each year. Subscriptions paid
on election after September in each yearshall be considered as subscriptions
for the following year, unless otherwise agreed upon by such Member and
the Treasurer. Every Member shall pay immediately after his election the
sum of ten shillings as Entrance Fee, in addition to his first Annual
Subscription.
9. No person elected a Member shall be entitled to exercise any
privilege as such until he has paid his Entrance Fee and first Subscription,
and no Member shall be entitled to receive a copy of the ' Proceedings " for
any year until his Subscription for that year has been paid.
10. A registered letter shall be sent by the Hon. Treasurer to any
Member whose Subscription is in arrear at the date of any Annual
Meeting, demanding payment within 28 days, failing which he shall cease
to be a Member of the Club, but shall, nevertheless, be liable for the
arrears then due.
11. Members desiring to leave the Club shall give notice of the same in
writing to the Treasurer (or Secretary), but, unless such notice is given
before the end of January in any year, they shall be liable to pay the
Annual Subscription due to the Club on and after January 1st in that year.
HONORARY MEMBERS.
12. Honorary Members shall consist of persons eminent for scientific or
natural history attainments, and shall be elected by the Council. They
pay no subscription, and have all the privileges -of Ordinary Members,
except voting.
MEETINGS.
13. The Annual General Meeting shall be held as near the first week in
May as may be convenient ; to receive the outgoing President's Address
(if any) and the Treasurer's financial report ; to elect the Officers and Editor
for the ensuing year ; to determine the number (which shall usually be
three or four), dates, and places of Field Meetings during the ensuing
summer, and for general purposes
IX.
14. Two Winter Meetings shall usually be held in or about the months
of December or February for the exhibition of Objects of Interest (to
which not more than one hour of the time before the reading of the Papers
shall be devoted), for the reading and discussion of Papers, and for
general purposes.
The Dates and Places of the Winter and Annual Meetings shall be
decided by the Executive.
15. A Member may bring Friends to the Meetings subject to the
following restrictions :--No person (except the husband, wife or child of
a Member), may attend the Meeting unaccompanied by the Member intro-
ducing him, unless such Member be prevented attending from illness, and
no Member may take with him to a Field Meeting more than one Friend,
whose name and address must be submitted to the Hon. Secretary and
approved by him or the Executive.
The above restrictions do not apply to the Executive or to the Acting
Secretary at the Meeting.
16. Members must give due notice (with prepayment of expenses) to the
Hon. Secretary of their intention to be present, wither without a Friend, at
any Field Meeting, in return for which the Secretary shall send to the
Member a card for admission to the Meeting, to be produced when required.
Any Member who, having given such notice, fails to attend, will be liable
only for any expenses actually incurred on his account, and any balance
will be returned to him on application. The sum of Is., or such other
amount as the Hon. Secretary may consider necessary, shall be charged
to each person attending a Field Meeting, for Incidental Expenses.
17. The Executive may at any time call a Special General Meeting of
the Members upon their initative or upon a written requisition (signed by
Eight Members) being sent to the Honorary Secretary. Any proposition
to be submitted shall be stated in the Notice, which shall be sent to each
Member of the Club not later than seven days before the Meeting.
PAPERS.
18. Notice shall be given to the Secretary, a convenient time before each
Meeting, of any motion to be made or any Paper or communication desired
to be read, with its title and a short sketch of its scope or contents. The
insertion of these in the Programme is subject to the consent of the
Executive.
19. The Publications of the Club shall be in the hands of the Executive,
who shall appoint annually Three or more Ordinary Members to form
with them and the Editor a Publication Committee for the purpose of
deciding upon the contents of the Annual Volume. These contents shall
consist of original papers and communications written for the Club, and
either read, or accepted as read, at a General Meeting ; also of the
X.
Secretary's Reports of Meetings, the Treasurer's Financial Statement and
Balance Sheet, a list to date of all Members of the Club, and of those
elected in the current or previous year, with the names of their proposers
and seconders. The Annual Volume shall be edited by the Editor subject
to the direction of the Publication Committee.
20. Twenty-five copies of his paper shall be presented to each author
whose communication shall appear in the volume as a separate article, on
notice being given by him to the Publisher to that effect.
THE AFFILIATION OF SOCIETIES AND LIBRARIES TO THE CLUB.
21. Any Natural History or Antiquarian Society in the County may be
affiliated to the Dorset Field Club on payment of an annual fee of Ten
Shillings, in return for which the annual volume of the Proceedings of the
Field Club shall be sent to such Society.
Every affiliated Society shall send the programme of its Meetings to the
Hon. Secretary of the Field Club, and shall also report any discoveries of
exceptional interest. And the Field Club shall send its programme to the
Hon. Secretary of each affiliated Society.
The Members of the Field Club shall not be eligible, ipso facto, to attend
any Meetings of affiliated Societies, and the Members of any affiliated
Society shall not be eligible, ipso facto, to attend any Meetings of the Field
Club. But any Member of an affiliated Society shall be eligible to read a
paper or make an exhibit at the Winter Meetings of the Field Club at
Dorchester.
Any Public Library or Club, or School or College Library, in England
or elsewhere, may be affiliated to the Dorset Field Club on payment of an
annual fee of Ten Shillings, in return for which the annual volume of the
Proceedings of the Field Club shall be sent to such Library.
SECTIONAL COMMITTEES.
22.- Small Committees may be appointed at the Annual General Meeting
to report to the Club any interesting facts or discoveries relating to the
various sections which they represent ; and the Committee of each section
may elect one of their Members as a Corresponding Secretary.
NEW RULES.
23. No alteration in or addition to these Rules shall be made except
\vith;the consent of a majority of three-fourths of the Members present at
the Annual General Meeting, full notice of the proprosed alteration or
addition having been given both in the current Programme and in that
of the previous Meeting.
XI.
Dorset
natural fbtston? ano antiquarian jf ielo Club.
INAUGURATED MARCH 26th, 1875.
President :
NELSON M. EICHARDSON ESQ., B.A.
Vice-Presidents :
THE LORD EUSTACE CECIL, F.R.G.S., (Past President)
THE REV. HERBERT PENTIN, M.A., (Hon. Secretary).
CAPTAIN JOHN E. ACLAND, M.A., F.S.A. (Hon. Treasurer).
CAPTAIN G. R. ELWES, J.P.
THE REV. CANON J. M. J. FLETCHER, M.A. (Hon. Editor).
THE REV. CANON J. C. M. MANSEL-PLEYDELL, M.A.
THE REV. CANON MAYO, M.A. (Dorset Editor of " Somerset and Dorset Notes
and Queries").
THE EARL OF MORAY, M.A., F.S.A. Scot.,F.G.S.
SIB DANIEL MORRIS, K.C.M.G., I>.Sc., D.C.L., F.L.S.
ALFRED POPE, ESQ., F.S.A.
W. de C. PRIDEAUX, ESQ., F.S.A., F.R.S.M.
E. R. SYKES, ESQ., B.A., F.Z.S. (PastPres. Malacological Society).
HENRY SYMONDS, ESQ., F.S.A.
His HONOUR J. S. UDAL, F.S.A.
Executive Body :
NELSON M. RICHARDSON, ESQ., B.A. (President)
THE REV. HERBERT PENTIN, M.A., (Hon, Secretary), St. Peter's Vicarage, Portland
CAPTAIN JOHN E. ACLAND, M.A., F.S.A. (Hon. Treasurer) Dorset County
Museum, Dorchester.
Hon. Editor :
THE REV. CANON J. M. J. FLETCHER, M.A., The Close, Salisbury.
Publication Committee :
THE EXECUTIVE, THE HON. EDITOR, and E. R. SYKES, ESQ.
Sectional Committees :
Dorset Photographic Survey
THE MEMBERS of the EXECUTIVE
BODY ex officio
C. J. CORNISH BROWNE, ESQ.
(Hon. Director)
Colonel and Mrs. W. D. DICKSON
The Rev. S. E. V. FILLEUL, M.A.
Dr. E. K. LE FLEMING
C. H. MATE, ESQ.
A. D. MOULLIN, ESQ.
The Rev. J. RIDLEY
Earthworks
Captain J. E. ACLAND (Chairman)
Chas. S. PRIDEAUX, ESQ. (Corres-
ponding Secretary)
THE PRESIDENT
F. E. ABBOTT, ESQ.
Lieut. J. G. N. CLIFT, R.E.
Lieut.-Colonel F. G. L. MAINWARING
P. H. MORTON, ESQ.
VEHE L. OLIVER, ESQ., F.S.A.
ALFRED POPE, ESQ?, F.S.A.
W. DE C. PHIDEAUX, ESQ., F.S.A.
The Rev. W. RHYDDERCH
Miss E. E. WOODHOUSE
H. SYMONDS, ESQ., F.S.A. (Corres-
ponding Secretary)
Captain John E. ACLAND, F.S.A.
Captain G. R. ELWES
Lieut.-Colonel F. G. L. MAINWARING
Numismatic
The Rev. Canon J. C. M. MANSEL-
PLEYDELL, M.A.
W. DE C. PHIDEAUX, ESQ., F.S.A.
H. F. RAYMOND, ESQ.
Restored Churches
The Rev. A. C. ALMACK, M.A.
(Corresponding Secretary)
.r. ALLNER, ESQ., A.R.I.B.A.
R. BARROW, ESQ.
H. W. CRICKMAY, ESQ.
The Rev. James CROSS, M.A.
The Rev. Canon FLETCHER, M.A.
G. W. FLOYKR, ESQ., B.A.
The Rev. H. HAWKINS
R. HIKE, ESQ.
The Rev. Canon MAYO, M.A.
The Rev. G. C. NIVEN, B.D., F.R.G.S.
W. B. V\ ILDMAN. ESQ., M.A.
The Rev. A. C. WOODHOUSE, M.A.
Xll.
Xist of flDembers
OF THE
Dorset Natural Ibiston? anb antiquarian
jfielfc Club
FOR THE YEAR 1920.
Honorary Members :
Year of
Election. (The initials " O.M." signify "Original Member."
O.M. W. CARRUTHERS, Esq., Ph.D., F.R.S., F.G.S., F.L.S., British Museum
(Nat. Hist.), South Kensington, London.
1889 A. M. WALLIS. Esq., 29, Mallams, Portland.
1900 A. SMITH WOODWARD, Esq., LL.D., F.R.S., F.G.S., British Museum
(Nat. Hist.), South Kensington, London.
1904 SIR WM. THISELTON, DYER, K.C.M.G., C.I.E., LL.D., Sc.D., Ph.D.,
F.R.S., The Ferns, Whitcombe, Gloucester.
1904 Sir FREDERICK TREVES, Bart., G.C.V.O., C.B., LL.D., Thatched
House Lodge, Richmond Park, Kingston-on-Thames.
1908 THOMAS HARDY, Esq., O.M., D. Litt., LL.D., Max Gate, Dorchester.
Members :
1903 The Most Hon. the Marquis of
Salisbury, M.A., C.B. The Manor House, Cranborne
1903 The Most Hon. the Marchioness
of Salisbury The Manor House, Cranborne
O.M. The Right Hon. the Earl of
Moray, M.A., F.S.A. Scot.,
F.G.S. (Vice-President) Kinfauns Castle, Perth, N.B.
1919 The Right Hon. the Earl of
Eldon 43, Portman Square, W. 1.
Xlll.
1911 The Right Hon. the Earl of
Ilchester
19Q2 The Right Hon. the Earl of
Shaftesbury, K.C.V.O.
1884 The Right Hon. Lord Eustace
Cecil, F.R.G.S. (Vice-
Presidcnt)
1912 The Right Rev. the Lord
Bishop of Salisbury, D.D.
1892 The Right Rev. the Lord
Bishop of Coventry, D.D.,
F.S.A.
1907 The Right Hon. Lord Wynford
1907 The Right Hon. Lady Wynford
1910 Abbott, F. E., Esq.
1893 Acland, Captain John E., M.A.,
F.S.A. (V ice-President and
Hon. Treasurer)
1892 Acton, Rev. Edward, M.A.
1907 Allner, Mrs. George
1908 Almack, Rev. A. C., M.A.
1920 Aston, Captain Harold
1920 Aston, Mrs. Harold
1907 Atkinson, George T., Esq., M.A.
1920 Atkinson, E. H. Tindal, Esq.
1902 Baker, Lieut.-Col. Sir Randolf
L., Bart., D.S.O.
1912 Baker, Rev. E. W., B.A.
1919 Ball, Rev. H., B.A.
1919 Ball, Miss Evelyn
1906 Bankes, Mrs.
1912 Bankes, Jerome N., Esq.,
F.S.A.
1902 Barkworth, Edmund, Esq.
1904 Barlow, Major C. M.
1894 Barnes, Mrs. John lies
1906 Barrow, Richard, Esq.
1919 Barrow, Colonel, R.A.M.C.
1895 Bartelot, Rev. R. Grosvenor,
M.A.
Melbury, Dorchester
St. Giles, Wimborne
Lytchett Heath, Poole
The Palace, Salisbury
Bishop's House, Coventry
Wynford House, Maiden Newton,
Dorchester
Wynford House, Maiden Newton,
Dorchester
Shortwood, Christchurch, Hants
Wollaston House, Dorchester
Wolverton Rectory, Basingstoke
National Provincial Bank, Stur-
minster Newton
The Rectory, Blandford St. Mary
Preston House, Iwerne Minster,
Blandford
Preston House, Iwerne Minster
Durlston Court, Swanage
4, Essex Court, Temple, E.G.
Ranston, Blandford
The Rectory, Witchampton
Tremel, Ferndown, Wimborne
Tremel, Ferndown, Wimborne
Kingston Lacy, Wimborne
63, Redclffe Gardens, London, S.W.
Hillymead, Seaton
Southcot, Charminster
Blandford
5, Claremont Terrace, Exmouth
3, Westerhall, Weymouth
Fordington St. George Vicarage,
Dorchester
XIV.
1904 Baskett, Mrs. S. Russell
1913 Bassett, Rev. H. H. Tilney,
R.D. (Hon. Editor of the
Dorset Rainfall Reports)
1917 Beament, W. O., Esq., M.A.
1888 Beckford, F. J., Esq.
1908 Benett-Stanford, Major J.,
F.R.G.S., F.Z.S.
1920 Billington, E. R., Esq.
1920 Billington, Miss F. A.
1910 Blackett, Rev. J. C., B.A.
1917 Blathwayt, Rev. F. L., M,A.,
M.B.O.U, (Hon. Editor of the
Dorset Plienological Report)
1919 Blomefield, Mrs.
1903 Bond, Gerald Denis, Esq
1903 Bond, Wm. Ralph G., Esq.
1913 Bone, Clement G. Esq., M.A.
1889 Bovver, H. Synclercombe, Esq.
1900 Bovver, Rev. Charles H.S., M.A.
1898 Brandreth, Rev, F. W., M.A.
1895 Bryiner, Rev. J. G., M.A.
1907 Bulnn, Ignatius, Esq,, B.A.
1900 Bullen, Colonel John Bullen
Symes
1907 Bury, Mrs. Henry
1905 Busk, W. G., Esq.
1905 Busk, Mrs. W. G.
1903 Butler-Bovvden, Mrs. Bruno
1911 Butlin, M. C., Esq., M.A.
1919 Carroll, Mrs.
1920 Carroll. Lt.-Col. E. R. W.
1891 Carter, William, Esq.
1919 Castleman Smith, Miss E.
1913 Champ, Miss Edith
1897 Chudleigh, Mrs,
Totncll House, Leigh, Shcrborne
Whitchurch Vicarage, Blandford
Beaminster
Witley, Parkstone
Hatch House, Tisbury, Wilts
Wyke End, Bincleaves. Weymouth
Wyke End, Bincleaves, Weymouth
Compton Rectory, Winchester
Melbury Osmond Rectory, Dor-
chester
Distaff Cottage, Sherborne
Holme, Wareham
Tyneham, Wareham
6, Lennox Street, Weymouth
Fontmell Parva, Shillingstone,
Blandford
Childe Okeford Rectory, Shilling-
stone, Dorset
Buckland Newton, Dorchester
Ilsington House, Puddletovvn
The Den, Knole Road, Bourne-
mouth
Catherston Leweston, near Char-
mouth
Mayfield House, Farnham, Surrey
Wraxall Manor, Cattistock, Dor-
chester
Wraxall Manor, Cattistock, Dor-
chester
Upwey House, Upvvey
7, Westerhall Road, Weymouth
The Warren. Glen dinning Avenue,
Weymouth
Glendinning Avenue, Weymouth
The Oaks, Parkstone
The Close, Blandford
St. Katherine's, Bridport
The Castle, Dudsbury, Longham.
Dorset
XV.
1918 Chudleigh, Captain C. A. E.
1894 Church, Colonel Arthur
1905 Clark, Mrs. E. S.
1895 Clarke, R. Stanley, Esq.
1920 Cochrane, G., Esq.
1883 Colfox, Miss A. L.
1878 Colfox, Colonel T. A., T.D.
1904 Collins, Wm. W., Esq., R.I.
1920 Collins, W. F., Esq.
1912 Cooke, Rev. J. H., M.A.,
LL.D.
1903 Cornish-Browne, C. J., Esq.
1917 Corrie, E. Rowland, Esq.
1920 Cosens, Mrs. W. B.
1909 Crickmay, Harry W., Esq.
1884 Cross, Rev. James, M.A.
1914 Cross, Miss Florence
1885 Curme, Decimus, Esq.,
M.R.C.S.
1896 Curtis, C. H., Esq,
1897 Curtis, Wilfred Parkinson,
Esq., F.E.S.
1903 Dacombe, J. M. J., Esq.
1918 Dacombe, Miss
1914 Dalton, Mrs. E. E.
1907 Daniell. G. H. S., Esq., M.B.
1894 Davis, Geo., Esq.
1919 Dawe, Miss
1904 Deane, Mrs.
1910 Devenish, Major J. H. C.
1907 Dicker, Miss Eleanor H.
1919 Dicker, C. G. Hamilton, Esq.
1912 Dickson, Colonel W. D.
1912 Dickson, Mrs. W. D.
1911 Dillon-Trenchard Miss
Margaret
West India Regiment, Kingston,
Jamaica
St. Alban's, Rodwell, Weymouth
St. Aldhelm's, Wareham
The Ship Hotel, Crediton, Devon
Athelhampton Hall, Dorchester
Westmead, Bridport
Coneygar, Bridport
Stoborough Croft, Wareham
Vellore, Overcliff Drive West,
Bournemouth
Shillingstone Rectory
Coryton Park, Axminster
Coombe Wood, Branksome Park
The Gables, Dorchester
49, St. Mary Street, Weymouth
Baillie House, Sturminster Marshall,
Wimborne
Lydlinch, Sturminster Newton
1, Nelson Road, Bournemouth
Blandford
Drake North, Sandringham Road,
Parkstone
27, Holdenhurst Road, Bourne-
mouth
27, Holdenhurst Road, Bourne-
mouth
Cerne Abbas, Dorchester
Brentry, Blandford
West Lodge, Icen Way, Dorchester
Glaslyn, Carlton Road, North,
Weymouth
Badbury, 3, Park Road, Bourne-
mouth
Springfield, Weymouth
Great Toller, Dorset
Keble College, Oxford
Southill, Dean Park, Bournemouth
Southill, Dean Park, Bournemouth
The Ridge, Durlston Park Road,
Swanage
XVI.
1908 Dominy, G. H., Esq., M.R.C.S.,
L.R.C.P.
1919 Dominy, H., Esq.
1912 Dru Drury, G. Esq., M.R.C.S.,
L.R.C.P.
1905 Duke, Mrs. Henry
1907 Duke, Miss M. Constance
1908 Duke, Mrs. E. Barnaby
1910 Eaton, Rev. A. E., M.A., F.E.S.
1916 Edwards, Rev. R. D. St. G.,
M.A.
1913 Ellis, Henry, Esq., F.R.A.S.
1885 Elwes, Captain G. R. \y ice-
President]
1913 Facey, C. S., Esq., M.B.
1886 Falkner, C. G., Esq., M.A.
1903 Farrer, Colonel Philip
1912 Ferguson, Miss E. M.
1912 Ferguson, Miss Constance
1904 Ffooks, Mrs. E. Archdall
1904 Fielding, Thos., Esq., M.D.
1892 Filleul, Rev. S. E. V., M A.
1910 Filliter, Mrs. W. D.
1911 Fisher, Rev. J. Martyn, M.A.,
R.D.
1907 Fletcher. Rev. Canon J. M. J.,
M.A., (Hon. Editor and Vice-
President]
1890 Fletcher, W. H. B., Esq.
1885 Floyer, G. W., Esq.. B.A.
1895 Forbes, Mrs
1897 Forde, Henry, Esq.
1910 Forder, B. C., Esq.
1893 Forrester, Mrs. James
1910 Freame, Major B. E.
1920 French, A. W., Esq., M.R.C.S.,
L.R.C.P.
1895 Fry, Edward Alexander, Esq.
1903 Fry, George, S., Esq., C.B.E.
1896 George, Mrs.
Burbage, Marlborough
The Homestead, Cerne Abbas
Corfe Castle, Wareham
Manor House, Godmanstone, Dor-
chester
The Limes, Dorchester
Maen, Dorchester
Richmond Villa, Northam, North
Devon
Longbredy Rectory, Dorchester
Boat Close, Lyme Regis
3, Jarborough Road. Southsea
The Elms, Chickerell, near VVey-
mouth
Ireton Bank, Rusholme, Manchester
Binnegar Hall, Wareham
Elwell Lea, Upwey, Dorchester
Elwell Lea, Upwey, Dorchester
Kingscote, Dorchester
Genesta, West Hill Road, Bourne-
mouth
Sandford House, Wareham
Arishmel, Parkstone, Dorset
St. Paul's Vicarage, Weymouth
The Close, Salisbury
Aldwick Manor, Bognor, Sussex
West Stafford. Dorchester
Culverhayes, Shillingstone, Blandford
Luscombe, Parkstone
Lyston, Branksome Park. Bourne-
mouth
.Westport, Wareham
The Chantry, Gilllingham
Medical Officer's House, The Grove,
Portland
Sunnyside, Bulstrode Way, Gerrard's
Cross, Bucks.
15, Walsingham Road, Hove
Fleet House, near Weymouth
XV11.
1890 Glyn, Captain Carr Stuart
1912 Glyn, Mrs. Carr
1920 Gordon, Frank. Esq.
1906 Gowring, Mrs. P. W.
1920 Grazebrook, Lieut.-Col. G. C.,
C.M.G., D.S.O.
1888 Greves, Hyla, Esq., M.D.
1920 Grimsdell, H. J., Esq.
1904 Groves, Major Herbert J.
1906 Groves, Miss S. J.
1912 Groves, Miss
1906 Gundry, Joseph, Esq.
1912 Haines, F. H., Esq., M.R.C.S.,
L.R.C.P.
1920 Haines, C., Esq.
1920 Haines, Mrs.
1903 Hambro, Sir Everard, K.C.V.O.
1913 Hamilton, Miss
1894 Hawkins, W. Esq., M.R.C.S.
1903 Hawkins, Miss Isabel
1908 Hawkins, Rev. H.
1920 Haydon, Clement J., Esq.
1893 Hayne, R. Esq.
1911 Hellins, Rev. Canon, M.A.,
LL.B.
1911 Hellins, Mrs.
1899 Henning, Mrs.
1916 Hewgill, Chas. W. Esq.
1912 Hichens, Mrs. T. S.
1910 Hill, Miss Pearson
1902 Hine, R, Esq.
1902 Homer, Miss E. C. Wood
1907 Homer, Mrs. G. Wood
1918 Hutton, Rev. A. B., L.Th.
1903 Jenkins, Rev. T.Leonard, M.A.
1912 Jordan, Miss
1915 Kentish, G. C. A., Esq.
1920 Knight, Alexander, Esq.
1920 Knight, Mrs.
Woocllea/ce, Wimborne
Woodlcaze. Wimborne
5, Lansdowne, Weymouth
49, High West Street, Dorchester
The Verne Citadel, Portland
Rodney House, Bournemouth
16, Brunswick Terrace, Weymouth
Clifton, Weymouth
Thickthorne, Broadwey, Dorset
Blackdown, Weymouth
Red House, Queen's Avenue, Dor-
chester
Winfrith, Dorchester
Cranham, Glendinning Avenue,
Weymouth
Cranham, Glendinning Avenue,
Weymouth
Milton Abbey, Dorset
Affpuddle Vicarage, Dorchester
Hillfield, Broadwey, Dorchester
Ryme, Elwell Street, Upwey
1, Westerhall, Weymouth
Ben Veula, West Cliff Road,
Bournemouth
Spring Bottom, Osmington
Marnhull Rectory, Dorset
Marnhull Rectory, Dorset
Frome House, Dorchester
Compton Lodge, Weymouth
Flamberts, Trent, Sherborne
Rax, Bridport
Beaminster
Bardolf Manor, Puddletown
Bardolf Manor, Puddletown
Loders Vicarage, Bridport
Leigh Vicarage, Sherborne
The Ridge, Durlston Park Road,
Swanage
Longcroft, Windsor Road, Parkstone
Long Lynch, Childe Okeford,
Shillingstone
Long Lynch, Childe Okeford,
Shillingstone
XV111.
1895 Lafontaine, A. C. de Esq.,
F.S.A.
1876 Langford, Rev. Canon, M.A.
1919 Le Breton, Captain J. G.
1907 Lees, Rear-Admiral Edgar,
R.N.
1907 Lees, Mrs. Edgar
1910 Le Fleming, E. K., Esq., B.A.,
M.B.
1900 Legge, Miss Jane
1902 Lewis, Rev. A., M.A.
1890 Lister, Miss Gulielma, F.L.S.
1905 Llewellin, W., Esq., M.A.
1892 Lock, His Honour Judge B.
Fossett
1911 Long, Rev. H. R., B.A.
1888 MacDonald, P. W., Esq., M.D.
1902 Mainwaring, Lieut.-Col. F.
G. L.
1920 Manning, H. C., Esq., M.R.C.S.,
L.R.C.P.
1890 Mansel-Pleydell, Rev. Canon J.
C. M., M.A., (Vice-President)
1883 Marriott, Sir W. Smith, Bart.
1904 Marsh, J. L., Esq.
1920 Marshall, Major E. T.
1918 Marston, Miss
1907 Mate, C. H., Esq.
1920 Maturin, Rev. M. P., M.A.
o.M. Mayo, Rev. Canon, M.A.,
(Vice-President)
1912 McDovvall, A. S., Esq., M.A.
1905 Morgan, Mrs.
1911 Morris, Sir Daniel K.C.M.G.,
D.Sc., D.C.L., F.L.S., (Vice-
President)
1920 Morton, P. H., Esq.
1914 Moule, Rev. A. C., B.A.
1897 Moullin, Arthur D., Esq.,
1919 Murdoch, Mrs.
1919 Negus, Rev. A, E., M.A.
1905 Nicholson, Captain Hugh
12. Park Lane. W.
Southbrook, Starcross, S. Devon
Loders Court, Bridport
Springfield, Cann, Shaftesbury
Springfield, Cann. Shaftesbury
St. Margaret's Wimborne
Allington Villa, Bridport
Highfield, Portishead
High Cliff, Lyme Regis
Upton House, Poole
The Toft, Bridlington, East Yorks
Tolpuddle, Dorchester
Grasmere, Spa Road, Weymouth
Wabey House, Upvvey
-s
1, Royal Cresent, Weymouth
10, Clarence Terrace. Regent's Park,
London, N.W.
The Down House, Blandforcl
White Cliff Mill Street, Blandford
Xotley Farm, Owermoigne, Dor-
chester
Corfe Castle
Elim, Surrey Road South, Bourne-
mouth
Came Rectory, Dorchester
Gillingham, Dorset
Warmwell Mill House, Dorchester
The Vicarage, Yetminster
14, Crabton Close, Boscombe
High West Street, Dorchester
Trumpington Vicarage, Cam-
bridge
Fermain, Rempstone Road, Swanage
3, Dunmarklyn Mansions,
Weymouth
Steepleton Rectory, Dorchester.
Nettlecombe, Melplash
XIX.
1920 Niven. Rev. G- C., B.D., F.R.G.S.
1919 Norman, W. C., Esq.
1906 Oke, A. W., Esq., B.A., LL.M.
F.S.A., F.G.S.
1886 Okeden, Colonel U. E. Parry
1908 Oliver, Vere L., Esq., F.S.A.
1908 Oliver, Mrs. Vere L.
1904 Oliver, Weston, Esq., M.A.
1908 Ord, W. T., Esq., M.R.C.S.,
L.R.C.P., F.G.S.
1911 Ouless, W. W., Esq., R.A.
1911 Ouless, Miss Catherine
1919 Paine, Mrs.
1919 Paine, Miss Ruth
1914 Pass, Alfred Douglas, Esq.
1890 Patey, Miss
1908 Patterson, Mrs. Myles
1919 Patterson, Myles, Esq., B.A.
1907 Paul, Edward Clifford, Esq.,
M.A.
1894 Payne, Miss Florence O.
1918 Peachell, G. E., Esq., M.D.
1906 Pearce, Mrs. Thos. A.
1909 Pearce, Edwin, Esq.
1894 Penny-Snook, S.. Esq., M.R.C.S.,
L.R.C.P.
1907 Penny-Snook, Mrs. S,
1901 Pentin. Rev. Herbert, M.A.
I Vice-P resident and Hon.
. Secretary]
1920 Peter. Mrs.
1894 Peto, Sir Henry, Bart.
1908 Phillips, Rev. C. A., M:A,
1898 Pickard-Cambridge, A.W., Esq.,
M.A.
1908 Pike, Leonard G., Esq.
1920 Pirn, W. Malcolm, Esq.
1920 Pirn, Mrs. W. Malcolm
Sir
Pinney. Brig.-General
Reginald J., K.C.B.
1908 Pitt-Rivers, A. L. Fox, Esq.,
F.S.A.
St. Peter's Rectory, Dorchester
S. Michael's Mount, Honiton
32, Denmark Villas, Hove, Sussex
Turnworth, Blandford
Whitmore Lodge, Sunninghill, Berks.
Whitmore Lodge, Sunninghill, Berks.
Castle House, Weymouth
18, Littledown Road, Bournemouth
12, Bryanston Square, London, W.
12, Bryanston Square, London, W.
The Warren, Uplyme, Lyme Regis
The Warren, Uplyme, Lyme Regis
Wootton Fitzpaine, Charmouth
185, Oakwood Court, Kensington,
London. W.
Conygar, Broadmayne, Dorchester
Conygar, Broadmayne, Dorchester
Eastbrook House, Upwey
Rydal, Wimborne
Herrison, Dorchester
Ivythorpe, Dorchester
Fore Street, Taunton
Netherton House, Weymouth
Netherton House, Weymouth
St. Peter's Vicarage, Portland
Westdown, Weymouth
Chedington Court, Misterton,
Somerset
Walton House, Bournemouth
St. Catherine's, Headington Hill,
Oxford
Kingbarrow, Wareham
Woodstock, Dorchester Road, Wey-
mouth
Woodstock, Dorchester Road, Wey-
mouth
Raccdown House
Rushmore, Salisbury
XX.
1904 Plowman, Rev. L. S..
1896 Pond, S., Esq..
1894 Pouting, Chas. E., Esq., F.S.A.,
O.M. Pope, Alfred, Esq., F.S.A. (Vice-
President).
1906 Pope, Major Alfred Rolph, M.A.,
1906 Pope, Mrs. Alfred Rolph
1909 Pope, Francis J., Esq.,
F.R.Hist.S.
1914 Powell, H. Holland, Esq.,
A.M.I.C.E.
1920 Prideaux, A. E. D., Esq., L.D.S.
1896 Prideaux. C. S., Esq., L.D.S.,
F.R.S.M., F.R.A.I.
1900 Prideaux, W. de C., Esq., L.D.S. ,
F S.A,, F.R.SM.(Vice-
Prcsidenl)
1905 Pringle, Henry T., Esq., M.D.
1905 Pringle, Mrs. Henry T.
1888 Pye, William, Esq.
1905 Ramsden, Mrs.
1912 Rawlence, E. A., Esq.,
1919 Raymond, Major, R.G.A.
1919 Raymond, Mrs.
1886 Reynolds, Mrs. Arthur
1887 Richardson, N. M.. Esq. B.A.
(President)
1920 Ricardo, Miss K.
1901 Ridley, Rev. J.
1911 Robson, Colonel H. D.
1911 Robson, Mrs. H. D.
1886 Rodd, Edward Stanhope, Esq.
1907 Roe, Miss M. M. E.
1909 Roe, Rev. Wilfred T., M.A.
1912 Romilly, Geo.. Esq., M.A.
1907 Roper, Freeman, Esq., F.L.S.
1905 Sanderson-Wells, T. H., Esq.,
O.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.S.
1905 Saunt, Miss
1905 Saunt, Miss B.V.
1910 Schuster, Mrs. W. P.
1883 Searle, Alan, Esq.
1919 Seward, Edwin, Esq., F.R.I. B.A.
1906 Shephard, Colonel C.S., D.S.O.
1920 Sheridan, M. O., Esq.
Ibberton Rectory. Blandford
Blandford
Lockeridge, Parkstone.
South Court, Dorchester
Culliford House, Dorchester
Culliford House, Dorchester
17, Holland Road, London, W.
Hillsdon, Springfield Road, Parskstone
Wadham House, Dorchester
Ermington, Dorchester
12, Frederick Place, Weymouth
Ferndown, Dorset
Ferndown, Dorset
Dunmore, Rodwell, Weymouth
Meerhay, Beaminster, Dorset
S. Andrew's, Churchfields, Salisbury
The Croft, Wimborne
The Croft, Wimborne
Wyncroft, Bridport
Montevideo, Chickerell, near
Weymouth
Berghmote. Wimborne
Pulham Rectory, Dorchester
Oswald, Lulworth Cove
Oswald, Lulworth Cove
Chardstock House, Chard
Trent Rectory, Sherborne
Trent Rectory, Sherborne
The Grange, Mar n hull
Forde Abbey, Chard
16, Victoria Terrace, Weymouth
The Cottage, Upvvey
The Cottage, Upwey
Broadstone House. Broadstone
Hawkmore, Paignton, S. Devon
12, Victoria Terrace, Weymouth
Shortlake, Osmington, Weymouth
Frampton Court, Dorchester
XXI.
1920 Sheridan, Mrs. M. O.
1884 Sherren, J. A., Esq , F.R.Hist.S.
1914 Sherring, R. Vowell, Esq.,
F.L.S.
1913 Shields, Rev. A. J., M.A.
1897 Simpson, Jas., Esq.
1920 Smerdon, E. Wilmot, Esq., M.D.,
F.R.C.S.
1916 Smith, Rev. Edward, M.A., R.D.
1919 Smith, Frederick W., Esq.,
F.S.A.
1899 Smith, Howard Lyon, Esq.,
L.R.C.P.
1909 Smith, Nowell C., Esq., M.A.
1908 Smith, Mrs. Spencer
1888 Solly, Rev. H Shaen, M.A.
1919 Sotheran, Miss Gertrude
1908 Stephens, A. N., Esq.,
1919 Stephens, Major J. A.
1920 Stephens, Rev. A. M., M.A.
1918 Stote, Rev. A. W., M.A.
1920 Stote, Mrs. A. W.
1920 Streatfeild, C., Esq., I.C.S.
1895 Sturdy, Leonard, Esq.
1896 Sturdy, Philip, Esq.
1907 Sturdy, Alan, Esq.,
1905 Sturdy, E. T., Esq.
1914 Sturrock, J., Esq., C.I.E.
1920 Sugden, E. Percy, Esq.
1920 Sugden, Mrs.
1920 Supple, Mrs.
1898 Suttill, H. S., Esq.
1905 Suttill. Mrs: John
1903 Swaffield, A. Owen, Esq.
1912 Swinburne Hanham, J. C., Esq.
1893 Sykes, E. R., Esq., B.A., F.Z.S.
(Vice-Prcsident}
1889 Symes, Colonel G. P., M.A.,
B.C.L., M.V.O.
1904 Symonds, Arthur G., Esq.
1904 Symonds, Henry, Esq., F.S.A.
(Vice-President)
Frampton Court, Dorchester
Helmsley, Pen Hill Avenue, Parkstone
Hallatrow, Bristol
Battleford, Axminster
Brampton Kinlet, Canford
Bournemouth
Cliff
38, Cornwall Road, Dorchester
Hazelbury Bryan Rectory, Blandford
The Manor House, Poyntington,
Sherborne
Mount Pleasant, Inkbarrow,
Worcestershire
The School House, Sherborne
The Vine House, Sturminster Newton
5, Denewood Road, Bournemouth West
The New House, Norden, Corfe Castle
Haddon House, West Bay, Bridport
Hayden Lodge, Holywell, Dorchester
Chaplain's House, Portland
Colehill Vicarage, Wimborne
Colehill Vicarage, Wimborne
Champions, Beaminster
Trigon, Wareham
The Wick Cottage, Branksome, near
Bournemouth
Linden, East Lulworth
Norburton, Burton Bradstock,
Bridport
12, Greenhill, Weymouth
Uplands, Wimborns
Uplands, Wimborne
The Governor's House, Portland
Pymore, Bridport
24, West Street, Bridport
Rodwell Lodge, Weymouth
106, Goldhurst Terrace, N.W.
West Lodge, Iwerne Minster,
Blandford
Monksdene, Dorchester Road,
Weymouth
10, South Street, Dorchester
Staplcgrovc Elm. near Taunton
XX11.
1912 Symonds, F. G.. Esq.
1913 Symonds, Win. Pope, Esq.
1901 Telfordsmith, Telford, Esq.,
M.A., M.D.
1906 Thomson, Chas. Bertram, Esq.,
F.R.C.S.
1920 Thresher, Miss Maud
1898 Trbyte-Bullock, Mrs.
O.M. Udal, His Honour J. S., F.S.A.
(Vice-President)
1908 Udal, N. R., Esq., B.A.
1890 Usherwood, Rev. Canon, M.A.
1919 Veitch, W. Hardie, Esq.
1910 Vivian, S. P., Esq.
1887 Walker, Rev. S. A., M.A.
1916 Ward, The Yen. Algernon, M.A.,
F.S.A., Scot.
1905 Ward, Samuel, Esq.
1904 Warry, Mrs. King
1904 Warry, Wm., Esq.
1917 Waterston, C., Esq.
1905 Watkins, Win., Esq., F.R.G.S.
1908 Whitby, Mrs. J.
1914 Widnell, Edward, Esq., M.A.
1903 Williams, Captain Berkeley
C. W.
1884 Williams, Colonel Sir Robert,
Bart.. M.P.
Williams, Miss Rhoda
Wimvood. T. H. R., Esq., M.A.,
Woocld, A. B., Esq., M.A.,
M.R.I.
Woodhouse, Rev. A. C., M.A.
Woodhouse, Mrs. A. C.
Woodhouse, Miss Ellen E.
Woodhouse, Frank D., Esq.
Woodhouse, Mrs. Frank D.
Wentworth-Forbes, Mrs.
Woodhouse, Major H. S.
Wright, Rev. Herbert L., B.A.
Yeatman, Miss
1908
1906
1910
1913
1913
1903
1906
1906
1920
1920
1902
1918
The Firs, Sturminster Newton
Newton House, Sturminster Newton
The Knoll, Parkstone
Romansleigh, Wimborne
Corfe Hill. Weymouth
Silton Lodge, Zeals, Bath
24, Neville Court, London, N.W. 8.
Gordon College, Khartoum
Bagdale, Parkstone
Lullingstone, Wimborne
22, Royal Avenue, Chelsea, S.W.
Charlton Manor, Blandford
Sturminster Newton Vicarage
Ingleton, Greenhill, Weymouth
Hamilton House, Portland
Westrow, Holwell, Sherborne
Bucknowle House, Corfe Castle
Ethelburga House, 91-93, Bishopsgate,
London, E.C., 2.
Preston, Yeovil
Royston, Wimborne
Herringston, Dorchester
Bridehead, Dorchester
Bridehead, Dorchester
Syward Lodge, Dorchester
Heckneld, Milford-on-Sea. Hants
49, Porchester Road, Bournemouth
Porchester Road, Bournemouth
Chilmore, Ansty, Dorchester
Old Ford House, Blandford St. Mary
Old Ford House, Blandford St. Mary
10, Greenhill, Weymouth
Norden, Blandford
Church Knowle Rectory, Corfe Castle
The Redlands, Bishop Sutton,
Somerset.
AFFILIATED LIBRARIES (Rule XXI.).
1911 Central Public Library
1915 Sherborne School Library
1920 New York Public Library
Bournemouth
Sherborne
per Messrs. Stevens & Brown,
4, Trafalgar Square, W.C. 2.
(Any omissions or errors should be notified to the Hon. Secretary).
XX111.
Iflew Members.
ELECTED SINCE THE
Nominee.
The Rev. G. C. Niven, B.I}.,
F.R.G.S., of St. Peter's
Rectory, Dorchester.
E. R. Billington, Esq., of
Wyke End, Bincleaves,
Weymouth.
Miss F. A. Billington, of
Wyke End, Bincleaves,
Weymouth.
PUBLICATION OF THE LIST CONTAINED
IN VOL. XL.
ELECTED MAY 4TH, 1920.
Proposer. Seconder.
Alfred Pope, Esq. The Rev. (.'. H. B. Woodd.
H. W. Crickmay, Esq. Colonel G. P. Symes.
Nominee.
H. C. Manning, Esq.,M.R.O.S.
L.R.C.P., of 1, Royal Ores,
cent, Weymouth.
The Rev. M. P. Maturin,
M.A., of Came Rectory,
Dorchester.
A. E. D. Prideaux, Esq.,
L.D.S., R.C.S., of Wadham
House, Dorchester.
W. Malcolm Pirn, Esq., of
Woodstock, Dorchester
Road, Weymouth.
Mrs. W. Malcolm Pirn, of
Woodstock, Dorchester
Koad, Weymouth.
E. Wilmot Smerdon, Esq.,
M.D., F.R.C.S., of 38, Corn-
wall Road, Dorchester.
ELECTED JULY GTH, 1920.
Proposer. Seconder.
C. S. Prideaux, Esq. W. de C. Prideaux, Esq.
Lt.-Col. F. G. L. Captain J. E. Acland.
Mainwaring.
C. S. Prideaux, Esq. W. de C. Prideaux, Esq.
Miss M. H. Saunt. J. Sturrock, Esq.
C. S. Prideaux, Esq. W. de C. Prideaux, Esq.
ELECTED AUGUST 12TH, 1920.
Nominee.
Frank Gordon, Esq., of 5,
Lansdowne, Weymouth.
Mrs. Peter, of Westdown,
Weymouth.
E. Percy Sugden, Esq., of
Uplands, Wimborne.
Mrs. Sugden, of Uplands,
Wimborne.
Mrs. Supple, of The Govern-
or's House, Portland.
Miss Maude Thresher, of
Corfe Hill, Weymouth.
Proposer.
W. Pye, Esq.
Colonel Arthur Church.
Dr. E. Kaye Le Fleming.
E. Clifford Paul, Esq.
A. Owen Swaffleld, Esq.
Seconder.
A. Owen Swaffield, Esq.
The President.
C. J. Cornish-Browne, Esq.
The Hon. Secretary.
Vere L. Oliver, Esq.
XXIV.
ELECTED SEPTEMBER 16TH, 1920.
Nominee. Proposer.
C. J. Cornish-Browne, Esq.
Mrs. W. B. Cosens, of The
Gables, Dorchester.
Lieut-Colonel G. C. Graze-
brook, C.M.G., D.S.O., of
The Verne Citadel, Port-
land.
Alexander Knight, Esq., of
Long Lynch, Childe Oke-
ford, Shillingstone.
Mrs. Alexander Knight, of
Long Lynch.
C. Streatfeild, Esq., I.C.S.,
of Champions, Beaminster.
Seconder.
Captain J. E. Acland.
Colonel C. S. Shephard. The Hon. Secretary.
The Rev. Dr. J. H. Cooke.
The Eev. C. H. Syndercombe
Bower.
The Eev. A. J. Shields. Alfred Pope, Esq.
ELECTED DECEMBER TTH, 1920.
Nominee.
Lieut.-Col. E. R. W. Carroll,
of The Warren, Glendin-
ning Avenue, Weymouth.
G. Cochrane, Esq., of Athel-
hainpton Hall, Dorchester.
A. W. French, Esq.,M.B.C.S.,
L.R.C.P., of the Medical
Officer's House, The Grove,
Portland.
H. J. Grimsdell. Esq., of 16,
Brunswick Terrace, Wey-
mouth.
Mrs. Haines, of Cranham,
Glendinning Avenue, Wey-
mouth.
C. Haines, Esq., of Cranham,
Glendinning Avenue, Wey-
mouth.
Major E. T. Marshall, of
Notley Farm, Owermoigne,
Dorchester.
Miss K. Ricardo, of Bergh-
mote, Wimborne.
The Rev. A. M. Stephens,
M.A., of The Chaplain's
House, Portland.
E. H. Tindal Atkinson, Esq.,
of 4, Essex Court, Temple,
London, E.G.
Proposer.
Miss Saunt.
Myles Patterson, Esq.
Dr. T. H. Sanderson-
Wells.
Major A. G. Symonds.
Colonel C. J. Russell.
Seconder.
Colonel C. J. Russell.
Mrs. Patterson.
The Hon. Secretary.
A. E. D. Prideaux, Esq.
M. C. Butlin, Esq.
Major A. G. Symonds.
Dr. E. Kaye Le Fleming.
The Rev. J. Martyn Fisher.
Myles Patterson, Esq.
E. P. Sugden, Esq.
The Hon. Secretary.
Mrs. George.
J. C. Swinburne Hanham, Esq.
Nominee.
Mrs. Atkinson, of Buckland,
Rodwell, Weymoutb.
The Rev. H. Basil Brown, of
Affpuddle Vicarage, Dor-
chester.
G. B. Burgess, Esq., M.A.,of
Withleigh, Spa- road, Radi-
pole, Weymouth.
ELECTED FEBRUARY IST, 1921.
Proposer.
The President.
The Rev. H. R. Long.
The Rev. H. Hawkins.
Seconder.
Miss L. M. Groves.
Miss Hamilton.
Colonel H. J. W. Barrow.
XXV.
Nominee. Proposer.
Miss Crawford, of West Hill T. H. B. Winwood, Esq.
House, Wyke Regis, Wey-
mouth.
Mrs. Hew Crichton, of Mrs. Patterson.
Osmington House, near
Weymouth.
C. J. Girling, Esq., M.B., of Dr. C. B. Thomson.
Cranborne.
F. H. Newbery, Esq. (Knight Dr. G. Dru Drury.
Officer of the Order of the
Crown of Italy), of Corfe
Castle.
The Eev. E. Victor Tanner, Captain J. E. Acland.
M.A., M.C., of The College
House, Weymouth.
Seconder.
E. Hayne, Esq.
Myles Patterson, Esq.
Dr. E. Kaye Le Fleming.
Miss Marston.
The Hon. Secretary.
XXVI.
PUBLICATIONS.
Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club. Vols.
1. XLI. Price 10s. 6d. each volume, post free.
General Index to Proceedings, I XLI. Price Is.
The Church Bells of Dorset. By the REV. CANON RAVEN, D.D., F.S.A. Price
(in parts, as issued), Cs. 6d., post free.
By the PRESIDENT.
Second Supplement to the Lepidoptera of the Isle of Purbeck. Compiled from the
notes of Eustace K. Bankes, M.A., F.E.S. Price Is.
The Volumes of Proceedings and General Index can be obtained from the Hon.
Treasurer (Captain John E. Acland, Dorset County Museum) ; the Lepidoptera of
the Isle of Purbeck, from the President.
SOCIETIES & INSTITUTIONS IN CORRESPONDENCE
WITH THE FIELD CLUB.
BODLEIAN LIBRARY, OXFORD.
BOURNEMOUTH NATURAL SCIENCE SOCIETY, 39, OLD CHRISTCHURCH ROAD,
BOURNEMOUTH.
BRISTOL AND GLOUCESTERSHIRE ARCH^OLOGICAL SOCIETY, GLOUCESTER.
BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON.
BRITISH MUSEUM or NATURAL HISTORY, SOUTH KENSINGTON, LONDON.
BRITISH ASSOCIATION, BURLINGTON HOUSE, LONDON.
CAMBRIDGE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, CAMBRIDGE.
DEVONSHIRE ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND
ART (THE HON. GENERAL SECRETARY, CARE OF MESSRS. \V. BRENDON AND
SON, PLYMOUTH).
ESSEX MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, STRATFORD, ESSEX.
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, LONDON.
HAMPSHIRE FIELD CLUB (CARE OF MESSRS. GILBERT, SOUTHAMPTON).
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF WALES (LLYFRGELL GENEDLAETHOL CYMRU),
ABEHYSTWYTH.
ROYAL SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES, DUBLIN, IRELAND.
SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES, LONDON.
SOMERSET ARCH.EOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, TAITNTON CASTLE,
TAUNTON.
UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, CAMBRIDGE.
WILTSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, DEVIZES.
proceeMngs
OF THE
H)oreet "natural Ibistor^ anb antiquarian
jfielb Club,
FROM MAY, 1919, TO MAY, 1920.
FIRST SUMMER MEETING,
ABBOTSBURY.
THURSDAY, 19TH JUNE, 1919.
This year the popular and enjoyable summer meetings of the
Club have been resumed. Their abeyance for nearly rive years
was due partly to the difficulties of transit and of food supply
during the continuance of the war; but more especially it arose
from feelings of patriotism, and from not knowing, from day
to day, what sad tale the casualty lists might tell.
The first of these meetings, after so prolonged an interval,
was held at Abbotsbury on Thursday, June 19th. About 70 of
the members and their friends attended, amongst whom were
the President, the Hon. Secretary, the Hon. Editor, and
Mr. A. Pope (Vice-President). Upon their arrival at Abbots-
bury, the President welcomed the members of the club,
and expressed his pleasure that so many were present and
that the summer meetings had begun again.
The party proceeded to the Parish Church of St. Nicholas,
where the REV. W. OWEN COCKCRAFT, Rector of Langton
Herring, acted as guide. He stated that;
XXviii. FIRST SUMMER MEETING.
The two stone coffins, which had been discovered amongst the Abbey
ruins, and which now lie near to the Church porch, are supposed to be
those of abbots of the adjoining monastery; and within the porch, on its
eastern side, is the grave slab of another abbot. The defaced stone crucifix,
too, which is now above the church door, is thought to have been brought
from the abbey. The building is of the late Perpendicular style of
architecture, and dates back to the earliest years of the sixteenth century;
though remains of earlier work are incorporated. The interior arcading,
with arches of uniform size, is continuous to the east end of the chancel :
there being no chancel arch, although the roof of the chancel is distinguished
from that of the nave by its division into compartments, in some of which
as well as on the reredos the heraldic insignia of the Strangeways' family
with various impalements are conspicuous. In the south choir aisle is a
double piscina. The pre-Reformation glass (St. Catherine) on the south
side of the church was brought from the abbey. The Jacobean pulpit
shows two holes made by Cromwellian bullets in 1644. On the west face
of the tower is carved a curious emblem of the Holy Trinity a seated
figure representing God the Father, with the Dove on His right shoulder,
and a Crucifix between His knees.
Outside the church were pointed out various monastic
remains, and the base of a Cross, which MR. A. POPE thought,
judging by its matrix, must have been an unusually large one.
The base is square, but it was octagonal above, and presumably
would be 25ft. in height. Mr. Pope conjectured that it was of
15th century workmanship, and that it originally stood in the
market place and not in the churchyard.
The pinion end is all that now remains of the old manor
house of the Strangeways, which was destroyed in 1644. The
building, now used as a workshop, containing three pre-
Reformation windows, is variously conjectured to have been,
*the chapter house, the infirmary, or the refectory. Some
good fragments of the old gatehouse still remain, and the arch-
way is interesting. The huge Monastic Barn, of 15th century
work, measuring 276ft. by 31ft., was next visited with its
interesting porch, its fine range of buttresses, and its hexagonal
staircase tower. The decayed state of a portion of its thatched
roof is to be regretted; and it is hoped that, now that more
labour is available, it will be attended to.
* D.F.C. Proceedings, Vol. VIII, p. 44,
FIRST SUMMER MEETING. Xxix.
Time did not permit of a visit to St. Catherine's Chapel ;
but a move was made for
THE SWANNERY
where there were about 750*swans. Usually live cygnets are
successfully reared out of a clutch of five eggs. The natural
food of the swan is the widgeon grass, Zostera maritima. The
four duck decoys were next visited, by means of which 500
wild fowl have been captured in two days, and on one occasion
as many as 74 were taken in a bag at once. This portion of
the estuary of the Fleet is a famous resort of wild fowl,
including widgeon, mallard, teal, tufted duck, gadwall and
sheldrake.
From the Swannery the party walked to the famous
SUB-TROPICAL GARDENS
near Abbotsbury Castle, over which they were taken by the
head-gardener, Mr. Kempshall. Thanks to the congenial soil,
mild climate, and sheltered position, palms and eucalyptus, and
many varieties of sub-tropical vegetation from China and Japan,
Chili and Peru, India, Mexico, Brazil and Australasia, flourish
vigorously in the open. Some 7,000 varieties of trees and
plants have been actually catalogued, and in addition there are
many which have not yet been included in the list. Amongst
the items of special interest to which the attention of the
members was drawn were the Villaresia mucronata, the only
one in the country, a species of Peruvian olive, the magnolia
(on which no fewer than 20,000 blooms had been seen at once),
New Zealand daisies, the Callisteinon rigidus, cork trees and the
swamp oak (Quercus palustris). Before leaving the gardens,
the President expressed the hearty thanks of the Club to Mary,
Countess of Ilchester, for her kind permission to visit the
gardens, and to Mr. Kempshall for his work as cicerone.
After tea, which was partaken of at the Ilchester Arms, a
short business meeting was held, at which six nominees for
membership were ballotted for and elected unanimously.
XXX. SECOND SUMMER MEETING
SECOND SUMMER MEETING,
WIMBORNE MINSTER.
The Second Summer Meeting was held on Tuesday, August
26th. The party numbered between 60 and 70. The meeting
place was Wimborne Minster.
The Hon. Editor, CANON FLETCHER, Vicar of Wimborne,
acted as guide during the day, and welcomed the members of
the Club at the entrance to the Churchyard. Amongst the
company assembled were the President, the Hon. Secretary,
Mr. A. Pope (Vice- President), Col. and Mrs. W. D. Dickson,
Capt. and Mrs. Carr Glyn, &c., &c.
THE MINSTER.
After alluding to the 'remains of an ancient Roman Temple, which had
been unearthed during the great restoration of 1855-57, but had been
covered up and still existed beneath the flooring of the nave, CANON
FLETCHER traced the history of the Church from its first foundation as a
| Benedictine Nunnery, by St. Cuthburga, sister of Ina, the great Saxon
law-giver, sometime before the year 705; and to the period of the wars with
the Danes, by whom it was destroyed in the early part of the llth century.
Some few years later it was refounded- -probably by Edward the Con-
fessor, the founder of Westminster Abbey as a College of Secular Canons
with a Dean at their head. Its royal foundation would doubtless account
for its having been for so many centuries a Royal Chapel. The College
was dissolved in the reign of Edward VI, and its estates were confiscated.
Some portion of its property, however, was restored to it by a Charter at
the commencement of the reign of Queen Elizabeth; and by the same
Charter the Minster was to be served by three J " Presbyters " or
" Ministers," who had equal authority, and each with his own clerk. The
Charter also provided for an organist and choir. For upwards of 350 years
the Minster has had a surpliced choir and a cathedral service. For various
reasons the triple control was not satisfactory, and under a scheme of the
Charity Commissioners it was abolished in 1883, from which time the
Minster has had its sole Vicars, of whom the speaker was the second.
The architectural features were next pointed out the Norman lower
* D.F.C. Proceedings, Vol. XXXIX, p. 30.
t D.F.C. Proceedings, Vol. XXXII, p. 199, and Vol. XXXIX, p. 31.
t D.F.C. Proceedings, Vol. XXXVIII, p. 98.
D.F.C. Proceedings, Vol. XXVII, p. xlvii, &c.; Vol. XXXI, pp. 126, 127.
SECOND SUMMER MEETING. XXXI.
stage of the central tower, the later tipper stages, the transition, or late
Norman, arches of the nave ; the Early English Chancel ; the Decorated
extension of the nave; the Perpendicular clerestory and western tower.
Various objects of interest were commented on: The tomb of Ethelred.
elder brother of Alfred the Great, with its later brass, said to be the only
brass existing to a king ; that of the f Duke and Duchess of Beaufort,
(erected by their daughter Lady Margaret, mother of Henry VII) ; the Fitz
Pierre (?) monument; the tomb of Sir Edmund Uvedale, symbolical of
the resurrection; and the monument of } Anthony Ettrick, commonly
known as "the Man in the Wall." The clock in the baptistery is said to have
been constructed by Peter Lightfoot, a monk of Glastonbury, in 1325, 200
years before the days of Copernicus. It showsthephasss of the moon and its
revolution round the earth, and, in accordance with the Ptolemaic system, it
marks the revolution of the sun also. The houselling cloths have, presumably,
always been in use, although the benches on which they now lie are relics
of Puritan aggression, having been made in 1655, when the Independents
had obtained possession of the Minster, as seats upon which they sat
for their Communion. The lectern is dated 1623. The glass in the
east window is old Flemish, the subject ''The stem of Jesse." The crypt
(Early English and Decorated), partly taken up by the Bankes' vault,
accounts for the unusual elevation of the high altar. In the north transept
are remains of a fresco of the Crucifixion. The chained book in the
church || is Bishop Jewel's Apology; The length and position of the chain,
as well as its links should be compared with those of the ** chains, in the
Library, attached to the 200 volumes on the shelves. The Quarter Jack on
the north side of the west tower was placed there in 1613. The Minster
is the only church in the county, or in the diocese, with a peal of ten bells.
The three-faced sundial is unusual.
Those present, at the vicar's suggestion, after his description
was finished, examined in detail, at their leisure, the various
points of interest.
Deanscourt, on the site of the old Deanery, was to have been
visited; but, by the wish of Lady Hanham, the visit was
deferred until another occasion.
* D.F.C. Proceedings, Vol. XL, p. 24.
| D.F.C. Proceedings, Vol. XXVIII, p. 219.
I D.F.C. Proceedings, Vol. XXXVII, p. 26.
Somerset & Dorset Notes & Queries, Vol. Ill, p. 249.
|| D.F.C. Proceedings, Vol. XXXV, pp. 16, 25.
** D.F.C. Proceedings, Vol. XXXV, p. 21,
XXX11. SECOND SUMMER MEETING.
THE LEPER CHAPEL OF ST. MARGARET AND ST. ANTHONY.
A move was accordingly made for * St. Margaret's, the old
Leper Chapel, dating back to the time of King John, and now
used as a chapel for the inmates of the adjoining alms-houses,
where a paper, of which the following is a brief resume, was
read by CANON FLETCHER on the history of chapel.
Leprosy is known to have existed in England in the 10th century, that is
to say, more than a hundred years before the First Crusade. It was
probably introduced by pilgrims returning from the Holy Land, or by
traders or other travellers from the East. Its spread was due to insanitary
conditions and to an excessive use of salted food. Leper Houses were
religious establishments, designed for the care, rather than for the cure, of
the afflicted for the benefit of the soul rather than for the relief of the body.
In Dorset there were Leper Houses at Wimborne, at Athlington near Bricl-
port, and presumably at Dorchester. The Wimborne Hospital was dedicated
to St. Margaret of Antioch and to St. Anthony. It was in existence in the
time of King John; and, according to entries in various Patent Rolls, was
for 'brothers and sisters,' lepers, who were permitted to beg for alms, and
to whom protection was granted. Subsequently various gifts of land
were bestowed upon them ; and, eventually, Redcoddes Chantry at the
Minster appears to have been assigned to them doubtless in order that
they might have a priest of their own. After leprosy had died out of the
country, St. Margaret's continued to be a home for the poor and infirm,
although it was shown in 1548-9 that the endowments were insufficient
for their maintenance without help from the inhabitants of Wimborne.
In later years, according to the Churchwardens' Accounts, a portion of the
moneys levied on the Churchwardens by the County Treasurer, towards the
expenses of the County Gaol, were granted for the use of the Charity of St.
Margaret. In 1685 it benefited considerably under the will of Rev. W.
Stone.t The Chapel measures 38ft. by 13ft. The side walls of native
brown heath stone, the lancet windows, and the circular ribs of the roof
appear to belong to the 13th century; and the wall paintings (excepting
those at the east end) are of a very early date. In the later part of the
17th century prayers were read by one of the inmates. But. for many
years the Chapel was used as a tool-shed by the alms people. It was
re-opened for divine service in 1885.
Tea followed in the Vicarage Garden, where the members
of the party were the guests of Canon and Mrs. Fletcher.
After tea there was a short business meeting, at which three
new members were elected and five candidates were nominated.
*D.F.C. Proceedings, Vol. XVII, p. 109.
t D.F.C Proceedings, Vol. XXXVI, pp. 24-26.
SECOND SUMMER MEETING. XXX111.
MONMOUTH'S ASH.
A vivid address was given by DR. LE FLEMING on the
capture of the Duke of Monmouth at Monmouth Ash, in the
parish of Horton, not six miles distant from where they were
assembled. He said that
By sunrise on the day of the battle of Sedgemoor, Monmouth knew that
he would have to fly for his life', and, accompanied by a few of his friends
and some soldiers, he escaped from the field of battle. He first travelled
northwards towards the Bristol Channel, apparently making his way for
Wales, but appeared to have been persuaded by his followers to retrace
his steps and make for the New Forest, probably with a view of reaching
Lymington, where the Mayor was known to be one of his devoted followers.
The first portion of his flight was shrouded in mystery, though it was
known that he was somewhere in the direction of Shepton Mallet, and
that on the Tuesday after the battle he was between Shaftesbury
and Gillingham. Crossing Cranborne Chase he reached Woodyates,
where he with his attendants, Lord Grey and a German named Buyse,
abandoned their horses, burned their harness, and proceeded on foot.
A reward of 5,000 was put upon his head, and the whole countryside
was roused to capture him. Lord Lumley, with the Sussex militia, searched
for him from Ringwood, while Sir Wm. Portman with the Somerset
militia tried to cut him off from the coast. Doubtless, in Wimborne,
sentries had been placed on Julian and Canford Bridges. The fugitives
went towards Horton, and Lord Grey was captured at Woodlands with a
guide whom he had picked up, Richard Holiday by name. During the
course of the day Lord Lumley learned from a woman, Amy (or Annie)
Farrant, that she had seen the Duke with a companion, the German Buyse,
heading for Horton. And there is no doubt that the fugitives spent the
night in a plantation, two miles from Horton, surrounded by troops.
Almost at break of day, on Wednesday morning, Buyse was captured, and
they extracted the information that the Duke was close by. Before long
they discovered him, clothed as a shepherd, hiding in a ditch. He was
searched by Sir Wm. Portman, and the Insignia of the Garter, which he
wore, established his identity.
At the conclusion of the meeting the PRESIDENT expressed
the thanks of those present to Dr. Le Fleming for his paper,
to Canon Fletcher for his services throughout the day as guide,
and to him and Mrs. Fletcher for their hospitality.
XXXJV. FIRST WINTER MEETING.
WINTER SESSION, 1919-20.
The FIRST MEETING of the Club for the Winter Session
was held in the Reading Room of the County Museum,
Dorchester, on Tuesday, December 9th, 1919, at 12-30 p.m.
The President, Mr. Nelson Richardson, took the chair, and
was supported by four of the Vice-Presidents: the Rev. Herbert
Pentin (Hon. Secretary), Capt. J. E. Acland (Hon. Treasurer),
Canon Fletcher (Hon. Editor), and Mr. Alfred Pope, F.S.A.
About twenty members of the Club were present.
Five candidates for membership were elected by ballot, and
ten additional candidates w r ere nominated.
BRITISH ASSOCIATION. MR. ALFRED POPE stated
That he had attended the 87th meeting of the British Association for the
Advancement of Science, held at Bournemouth, on Sept. 8th to 12th, as
representative of the Field Club, on the Conference of Delegates of
Corresponding Societies. Both the Conference of Delegates and the
Meeting of the Association were largely attended and most interesting.
In his Presidential Address at the Conference, on ' Roads and the History
of Locomotion,' Lord Montagu of Beaulieu advocated the placing of all
public roads, whether main or district, under one and the same authority,
with a view to the bye-roads in the agricultural districts being kept in
better repair, to the advantage of those residing in the country. Much
interest was evinced in Dr. I. S. Owen's paper on ' The Atmospheric
Pollution of Towns,' and in that of Mr. de Carle Salter on ' The Measure-
ment of Rain.' . At the Inaugural Meeting of the Association, held in the
Pavilion of the Winter Gardens, the Hon. Sir Charles Parsons, K.C.B.,
D.Sc., F.R.S., in his most comprehensive and learned Presidential address,
dealt with ' Engineering before and after the war,' ' the Science of War,'
Submarines, Air Ships, 'Electricity as the future source of power and heat,'
; Water power for generating Electricity,' and ' Our future supply of Coal '
upon which we had hitherto depended almost exclusively for heat and
source of power. As President of the Botanical Section, Sir Daniel Morris,
K.C.M.G., whom we have the honour of numbering amongst our Vice-
Presidents, delivered an admirable address, which dealt with ; the progress
of Science as affecting the leading botanical enterprises of the empire.'
These are now of the utmost importance in the work of reconstruction
after the war.
FIRST WINTER MEETING. XXXV.
MR. C. W. HEWGILL expressed the opinion that the time
and place of meeting were inconvenient, more especially for
those members of the Club who came from the Bournemouth
direction. He suggested that, instead of meeting at 12-30 and
having a luncheon interval, it would be more advantageous to
meet at 1-30, after an early luncheon, and that the meeting
should occupy one sitting only. The PRESIDENT stated that
the Winter Meetings had always been held at Dorchester and
that the question of the time of commencement had frequently
been discussed, but that no alteration had been made. The
REV. HERBERT PENTIN thought that the advantage of the
present arrangement as to place was that Dorchester is fairlv
central, some people coming from one direction and some from
another. The suggestion had also been made that the second
winter meeting should be held in January instead of in
February. After further discussion it was decided that, for
the present, at any rate, no alteration should be made.
CAPT. ACLAND stated that some little dissatisfaction had
been expressed in consequence of the reduced size of the
Annual Volume of the Society's Proceedings. He alluded to
the great increase in the cost of printing and paper as well as
of binding, and said that the size of the volume must depend
upon the amount of subscriptions received.
EXHIBITS.
By the PRESIDENT :
(1). A reel of cotton, containing nest of the keyhole wasp
(Odynerus), and some specimens of the insect. Mr. Richardson
read the following note :
This small wasp makes its nest of a series of mud cells in any small
hollow or tube, such as a keyhole. It often uses the groove in the sash of a
window where the sash line lies, or any other similar place, such as the
central tube in the reel exhibited. Its method is to make first a single cell,
in which it lays an egg, and in which it also places a caterpillar, which it
has .stung in such a way as to paraly/e it so that it can just move its tail,
much as many caterpillars do when on the point of turning to chrysalises.
The caterpillar remains in this state for a long time, (I have kept them for
XXXvi. FIRST WINTER MEETING.
as long as two months without much change) and furnishes food for the
grub which hatches from the egg in the cell with it. The wasp makes as
many cells as there is room for, in this reel about three, with thin walls
of mud. Other species use spiders instead of caterpillars. This little wasp
is very common, and may often be seen on windows and elsewhere,
looking for a suitable nesting place.
(2). A MS. of the 15th century, small 4to.
A Service Book containing services to be used for a nun who is at the
point of death and after she has died ; but it does not contain a burial
service. The book contains a good deal of musical notation, and numerous
initials in burnished gold and colours. The first page has a large initial
letter, and a floral and scroll border in colours and gold.
By the Hon. Secretary REV. HERBERT PENTIN :
A musical cryptograph, upon which he read the following
note :
This is said to be the original secret cipher communication sent by a
lady to King Charles II. when at Boscobel, after the defeat of the Royalist
army at Worcester in 1651. It is the property of Miss White, of Hamilton
House, Portland, and came into possession of her family through a Mr.
Port (the father of a Portland clergyman, the Rev. George Port), whose
wife had been a lady-in-waiting to Queen Charlotte. The Port family
obtained it through an intermarriage with a member of the Royalist family
of Grenville. The cryptograph was exhibited at the Stuart Exhibition in
London in 1887, at the request of the Earl of Winchelsea. To decipher
the message it is only necessary to fold one of the lines of the bass
stave on to one of the lines of the soprano stave and it will be seen
that the hooks and slurs of the musical notes form themselves into the
words " Conceal yourself: your foes look for you." Dr. John Wallis, who
is reputed to have been the principal decipherer of such Royalist secret
despatches as fell into the hands of Cromwellians, states that the art of secret
writing had grown so common and familiar during the civil commotions
" that now there is scarce a person of quality but is more or less acquanted
with it, and doth, as there is occasion, make use of it." It is also on record
that Charles I. and his Queen were adepts in the use of ciphers, so that
without any doubt their Royal son would have been acquainted with every
variety of cipher then in use, and it is known that among those in use
was musical cryptography.
By CAPTAIN ACLAND :
A number of Turkish bank notes, which had been brought
from Mesopotamia by a soldier.
FIRST WINTER MEETING. XXXV11.
By MR. ALFRED POPE :
A silver coin, brought by his son, Captain Pope, from
Mesopotamia.
PAPERS.
(1). MR. HENRY SYMONDS contributed a paper on " Dorset
Volunteers during the Napoleonic Wars," which, in his
absence, was read by CAPTAIN ACLAND. (Printed).
As illustrating the paper, a drum, colours and head-dress,
the property of the Dorset Museum, were exhibited, The
Assistant Secretary, MR. H. POUNCY, observed that it seemed
a pity that some of the bright and showy uniforms originally
worn, were not preserved in the Museum, as well as the colours
and drum of the old Volunteers. While these things were
familiar objects, people did not realise how scarce they would
become and how interesting to posterity; and he urged that
some careful record of the last Volunteer movement should be
prepared, and that "relics" should be obtained to be preserved
at the Museum. The PRESIDENT expressed his opinion that it
was an excellent idea which certainly ought to be carried out.
Mr. Pouncy exhibited one of the original tunics, with the
various badges and distinctions of rank, worn by the Volunteers
in the early stages of the late war.
(2). A Paper on " Sandsfoot Castle, Weymouth," which
had been prepared by MR. W. C. NORMAN, of Honiton, was,
in his unavoidable absence, read by CANON FLETCHER.
(Printed).
One of the stone cannon balls, together with the breech
chamber, which had been presented by Mr. Norman to the
County Museum, were exhibited. MR. VERB OLIVER also
exhibited a series of early engravings and water-colour draw-
ings of Sandsfoot Castle, representing it between the years
1773 and 1784. The PRESIDENT mentioned the fact that an
ancient dagger had also been found at Sandsfoot Castle by a
school-boy.
(3). MR. E. A. RAWLENCE read a paper entitled "A con-
sideration of the true site of the Battle of Ethandun," which
had previously been read before the Society of Antiquaries to
the accompaniment of lantern illustrations.
XXXVlil. SECOND WINTER MEETING.
SECOND WINTER MEETING.
Tuesday, February 17th, 1920.
The second Winter Meeting was held in the Reading Room
of the County Museum at Dorchester, on Tuesday, February
17th, at 12-30. The chair was occupied by the President
(Mr. Nelson Richardson), who was supported by four Vice-
Presidents, viz.: The Rev. Herbert Pentin, Captain John E.
Acland, F.S.A., Canon Fletcher, and Mr. Alfred Pope, F.S.A.
Thirty members of the Club were present.
Ten candidates for membership were elected by ballot, and
the Hon. Secretary read a list of three additional nominations.
ANNUAL CONGRESS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETIES. The
Report of His Honour J. S. Udal, F.S.A., one of the delegates
representing the Dorset Field Club, on the meeting held on
November 28th, 1919, was read. He stated that
Sir Hercules Read, in his address on ' The Relation of Archaeological
Societies to Local Museums,' suggested the advisability of some closer
system of organisation than generally existed at the present time between
the various County Archaeological Societies and their local Museums. He
criticised at some length the work and duties of the curators of these local
museums, and referred to the varying capabilities of local archaeologists
entrusted with the carrying out of such work as excavations, between whom
and the local museums there should be much closer collaboration than is
usually the case. He mentioned the excavation work carried out in
connection with the Taunton Museum as affording the best instance of
what such work should be, and called attention to cases where important
Roman pavements had been endangered by the spreading roots of newly
planted trees. Mr. J. S. Udal expressed his disappointment that, in the
eulogium passed upon some of the western museums, the County Museum
at Dorchester had not been mentioned, situated as it is in the centre of
many important excavations, and containing many interesting finds. By
other delegates, the advisability was suggested of getting children to take
an interest in their local antiquities, as had been done at Salisbury with
marked success. Sir Hercules Read agreed that this would be most helpful.
That there was a great and increasing interest taken in such matters was
shown by the large number of people visiting ancient monuments.
SECOND WINTER MEETING. XXXIX.
Dr. Philip Norman, F.S.A., speaking on the subject of ' The preservation
of Ancient Cottages,' attributed the greatly increased interest in archaeo-
logical matters to the recent presence of so many Colonials in England.
The question was whether the old cottages should be repaired or
demolished. In towns, a difficulty arose from the great value of their sites
as well as from the need of widening the streets; but in the country it was
different. The great difficulty to be met with arose from the action of
local authorities, and there was a danger of altering or destroying
unnecessarily their ancient and distinguishing features. Though some
must go, others might be spared and restored at a great saving of cost.
Helpful advice could always be obtained from the " Society for the
Protection of Ancient Buildings." Mr. Udal (Dorset) joined in the plea for
the protection and restoration of ancient cottages, and spoke of the charming
effect of the old thatched cottages in the village of Chideock, near Bridport.
Their continued existence was probably due to the fact that they were, for
the most part, the property of a single local landlord, who carried out
piecemeal repairs as they were needed, and so avoided the arbitrary
restrictions of the local by-laws. He quite recognised the danger that
might arise to neighbouring buildings through fire; but sometimes great
difficulty had been found in obtaining permission to place thatched roofs
upon cottages standing in a more or less isolated position.
SUMMER MEETINGS. The PRESIDENT brought forward the
question of summer meetings, and asked for consideration as
to how many meetings should be held and whether it would
be advisable that a two-days' meeting should be included.
The HON. SECRETARY said that he was afraid that, with regard
to a two-days' meeting, considerable difficulty would be
experienced in arranging for hotel accommodation. It was
unanimously decided not to hold a two-days' meeting, and that
the arrangements with regard to dates and places, &c., of three
or four single days' meetings should be left to the Hon.
Secretary.
UNIVERSITIES' LIBRARIES. CAPTAIN ACLAND stated that the
two great Universities of Oxford and Cambridge had in their
Libraries complete sets of the Proceedings of the Dorset Field
Club, excepting that Vol. II was missing from the Cambridge
set. It was an honour and pleasure to know that the
Universities wished to have these volumes. The PRESIDENT
expressed the hope that some member of the club would feel
generously disposed, and would supply the Cambridge
University with the missing volume.
xl. SECOND WINTER MEETING.
EXHIBITS.
(1). By the REV. C. H. B. WOODD :
(a) A collection of flints, found on the pathway leading
from Toller Porcorum to Toller Fratrum.
CAPTAIN ACLAND said that the greatest experts continually
differed on the subject of palaeoliths. He did not claim to be
an expert; but was inclined to doubt if the specimens exhibited
had been "worked." Moreover their position on the surface
of a pathway was against them.
(b) An Elizabethan silver coin and two other coins found
in the same district.
These two were pronounced by the HON. SECRETARY to be
an Edwardian silver penny and a Georgian halfpenny.
(2). By MR. W. C. NORMAN :
(a) Two palasoliths found at Honiton.
(b) A minute urn of bone found at Jordan-hill.
Mr. Norman said :
That the urn was given to him by Lieut. Ball, R.N., who was in charge
of the Preston Coastguard Station about 55 years ago. By permission of
Mr. Scutt, who then occupied the farm at Preston, of which Jordan-hill
formed a portion. Lieut. Ball was allowed to remove some earth from the
hill in order to make a flower border at his quarters. While so doing, in
breaking up a lump of earth, the urn fell out. It \vas sent to the British
Museum in 1886, and was pronounced by Professor Franks to be of bone
and quite unique.
(c) A drinking cup of the 16th or 17th century.
(d) Some coins found at Weymouth.
(3). By MR. ALFRED POPE, F.S.A. :
Two sarcophagi, in the finest statuary marble. The larger
one, measuring 22in. by 19in. is carved in relief at the
four corners with ox masks, from which depend festoons of
flowers. The cover is carved to represent a roof of Roman
tiles. The smaller one, measuring 18in. by 14iin., is carved
with rams' heads in profile and with laurels, ivy and other
leaves. The cover is finely carved with acanthus leaves.
SECOND WINTER MEETING. Xll.
MR. POPE said that the only fact that he knew about the
sarcophagi was that they were brought from Florence upwards
of 70 years ago. He could not say whether they were copies
or originals. They might have been crematoria, though
neither appeared to have been used.
(4). By DR. LE FLEMING :
A curious old medical work, entitled:
"A needefull, new, and necessarie treatise of Chyrurgerie, briefly
comprehending the generall and particular curation of Vlcers, drawen
foorth of sundrie worthy wryters, but especially of Antonius Calmeteus
Vergesatus, and Joannes Jagaleius, by John Banister, Gent., practner in
Physicke and Chyrurgerie. Hereunto is annexed certaine experimentes of
mine owne invention, truely tried, and daily of me practised."
Imprinted at London by Thomas Marshe, Anno 1575.
Cum Privilegio.
PAPERS.
(1). " Colour sense in a keyhole wasp (Odynerus)" by
the PRESIDENT. (Printed).
(2). " Some old Inns of Wimborne," by DR. E. KAYE
LE FLEMING. (Printed).
(3). "A glimpse of Weymouth and the War, 1802-3,"
by the REV. W. OWEN COCKCRAFT. (Printed).
A paper which was to have been read by Mr. W. de C.
Prideaux, F.S.A., in continuation of his series on " Dorset
Brasses," was postponed.
xlli. ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING.
ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING.
Tuesday, May 4th, 1920.
The Annual General Meeting of the Field Club was held in
the Reading Room of the County Museum, at Dorchester, on
Tuesday, May 4th, at 12-30 p.m. The President (Mr. Nelson
M. Richardson) was in the chair, and was supported by four
Vice- Presidents the Rev. Herbert Pentin, Captain John E.
Acland, F.S.A., Captain G. R. Elwes and Mr. Alfred Pope,
F.S.A. About thirty members of the Club were present.
Three candidates for membership were unanimously elected
by ballot, and six additional candidates for membership were
nominated.
The PRESIDENT delivered his annual address, the sixteenth
since his first election to the chair. It will be found printed
on pages 1-21 of this volume.
MR. ALFRED POPE, in proposing a hearty vote of thanks to
the President, said that his address, like the fifteen which Mr.
Richardson had given in former years, had covered a wide
range of subjects with much interesting detail. The members
of the Club were fortunate in having so competent and so
accomplished a President. The vote was seconded by CAPTAIN
ELWES and carried with acclamation.
PRESENTATION OF THE MANSEL-PLEYDELL MEDAL. When
presenting the Mansell-Pleydell medal, together with a prize
of 10, to Mr. Vere L. Oliver, F.S.A., of Greenhill House,
Weymouth, for his paper on " Tudor Houses in Dorset and
the Contemporary Life within them," Captain Elwes compli-
mented Mr. Oliver on the thorough way in which the essay
had been prepared, on the lucidity of its expression, and on its
exceptional value as a contribution to the literature of the
Club and of the County. The PRESIDENT congratulated Mr.
Oliver on his success in a year in which there had been
considerable more competition than usual. He added that
ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING. xliii.
the judges had also given " honourable mention " to a very
good essay which had been written by His Honour J. S.
Uclal, who was about to bring out a paper on Dorset Folklore.
A general desire was expressed that Mr. Oliver's successful
essay should be printed.
The HON. SECRETARY read his report for the year 1919-20,
which was as follows :
As a result of the cessation of the war, the membership of the Club has
slightly increased during the past year; but there are still a number of
vacancies. The attendance at the winter meetings has improved, and the
summer meetings which were held last year were a very pleasant revival.
But the effects of the war are still with us; and it seems likely that some
years will have to elapse before the work of the Club will be in full swing
again. There has, however, been a distinct move forward during the past
year.
The HON. TREASURER presented his account of the receipts
and expenditure of the Club during the past year. It will be
found on page xlv.
The following was the report of the HON. EDITOR :
It will be noticed that both Vol. XL, which should be in your hands
during the course of the next few weeks, and Vol. XLI, which will, I hope,
be published before the close of the year, will bear the name of a new
printer. The early volumes of our Proceedings (Vols. I-VII) were printed
at Sherborne. Then, for upwards of 30 years, they were issued from the
Office of the Dorset County Chronicle. It is with much regret that, in
consequence of difficulties caused by the war, our connection with that
establishment has been severed. The forthcoming volumes will be printed
by Mr. F. G. Longman of Dorchester. Vol. XLI will contain summaries of
the Proceedings of the Club at the two summer meetings which we have
been able to hold this year, as well as of those at the two winter meetings
and at the annual business one. It will also contain the 16th annual
address of the President; papers on ' The Dorset Volunteers during the
Napoleonic Wars," by Mr. H. Symonds, F.S.A.; " Sandsfoot Castle,
Weymouth." by Mr. W. C. Norman; " Colour Sense in a Keyhole Wasp,"
by the President; "Some Old Inns of Wimborne," by Dr. Le Fleming,
and " A glimpse of Weymouth and the War, 1802-3," by the Rev. Owen
Cockcraft.* There will, too, be the Returns of Rainfall in Dorset, and the
Phenological Notes for the year, 1919. The Volume should be slightly
thicker than the one which was issued last year; but our members will be
well aware that the great increase in the cost of paper and of printing will
* By special request. Mr. Vere Oliver's Prize Essay is also included.
Xliv. ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING.
make it impossible for us, under present conditions, to be able to issue such
bulky tomes as we were privileged to have during the years which
immediately preceded the war.
CAPTAIN J. E. ACLAND, F.S.A., the Curator, read the following
" Notes on Acquisitions to the Dorset County Museum, May,
1919-20."
Antiquities. (1). During the occupation of the Eastern slope of Pound-
bury Camp, Dorchester, by German Prisoners of War, many traces of
ancient burials were brought to light, due to disturbance of the soil for
roadmaking and drainage. Stone and lead coffins have been found, and
have been left in situ awaiting some future systematic investigation ; but
we have here, on loan from the Council of the Duchy of Cornwall, to whom
the property belongs, a bronze wire tore of simple design found in the
grave of a child, and actually on the neckbone. (2). Major C. Stilwell has
presented to the Museum a Roman Amphora of the ordinary dark grey
ware, height eight inches, handles perfect, and with traces of the diagonal
line ornament. It was originally in his father's collection, and came
probably from the Swanage district.
The Natural Science collections have acquired two specimens of Weaver
Bird nests, given by Miss K. Kindersley who brought them herself, one
from Ceylon, and the other from Simons Town, South Africa. The former
is a fine example of these interesting nests, measuring 3ft. 4in. in length.
I may also refer to the Key-hole Wasps' nest (Odynerus), found by Major
Platt in a reel of cotton on the window ledge of his house, Weymouth
Road, Dorchester, and dealt with in the very interesting paper by our
President read at the meeting in February last entitled " Colour Sense in
a Keyhole Wasp."
We have received from the Earl of Ilchester two most interesting and
and valuable additions to the Library. (1) Henry Fox, First Lord Holland,
his Family and Relations, 2 Volumes, written by the Donor, a. welcome
addition to the series of works on cognate subjects already on our shelves,
written or edited by him, and (2) A fine folio Volume which should be
carefully examined to be fully appreciated of which I give the Title page,
and brief description " Lord Howard of Effingham, and the Spanish
"Armada, with exact facsimiles of 'The Tables of Augustine Ryther'
" A.D. 1590, and the engravings of the Hangings (tapestries) of The House
" of Lords by John Pine, A.D. 1739, with an introduction by Henry Yates
" Thompson. Printed for the Roxburghe Club, 1919." The introduction
is followed by Ryther's translation of "A discourse concerning the Spanish
Fleet invading England in the year 1588," written in Italian by Petruccio
Ubaldini, with eleven charts prepared by Robert Adams, depicting the
successive engagements in the Channel between the English fleet and the
ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING. xlv.
Armada, from the Invaders' first appearance 30 miles S.W. of the Li/.ard,
on the 19th July, 1588: their progress from the Land's End to Calais, and
ending with the last and most damaging defeat of the Spaniards on 29th
July, oft" Gravelines, and their flight into the North Sea. The 2nd portion
of the Volume contains the ten magnificent plates of The Tapestry
Hangings of the House of Lords, engraved by John Pine from designs by
Cornelius Vroom of Haarlem, who is regarded as the founder of the Dutch
school of marine painting. The weaver of the Tapestries, another Dutch-
man, Francis Spiring of Haarlem, was as celebrated for his tapestries as
was Vroom for his seascapes. For some years the tapestries hung in
Arundel House, Strand; but in the year 1616, the Earl of Nottingham
sold them to King James, and they were hung in the House of Lords,
where they remained until they perished in the great fire of 1834.
ELECTION OF OFFICERS. Mr. Nelson M. Richardson was by
acclamation re-elected President on the proposition of MR.
POPE, who spoke with appreciation of the admirable manner
in which for sixteen years he had sustained the interest and
membership of the club.
The Rev. Herbert Pentin was re-elected Hon. Secretary on
the proposition of CAPTAIN ELWES, who said " A better they
could not find. His diligence, energy and perseverance are
beyond all praise." Mr. Pentin again nominated Mr. H. Pouncy
as Assistant Secretary for the 19th year.
Captain J. E. Acland was re-elected Hon. Treasurer, and
Canon Fletcher was re-elected Hon. Editor. The following
were also re-elected : The Rev. F. L. Blathwayt, Editor of
the Phenological Reports ; The Rev. H. H. Tilney Basset,
Editor of the Rainfall Reports ; and Mr. C. J. Cornish Browne,
Director of the Dorset Photographic Survey.
SUMMER MEETINGS. It was decided that three one-day
meetings should be held during the summer months, viz.,
At Portland, to inspect Pennsylvania and Rufus Castle, &c.,
and to ramble among the East Weares in search of botanical
specimens ; At Portesham, to visit the church and Admiral Sir
Thomas Masterman Hardy's residence with its relics, and to
examine the Helstone, sarsens, &c. ; And at Pomerstock, for the
church, the great prehistoric entrenched hill camp of Eggar-
don, &c. The Hon. Secretary was asked to fix convenient
dates and to make the necessary arrangements.
xlvi.
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By NELSON MOORE RICHARDSON, B.A.
(Read May 4th, 1920).
|N commencing this, my sixteenth Annual Address,
I am glad to state that the losses by death amongst
our members are much fewer than those mentioned
in my last Address. Last year I had to record
the loss of Dr. Frederick du Cane Godman, F.R.S., and I now
with equal regret allude to the death of another distinguished
naturalist, Lord Walsingham, F.R.S., who joined our Club in
the same year, 1895, and for the same reason, namely, the
beautiful plates of moths and larvae with which Mrs. Richard-
son illustrated so many of my papers on lepidoptera which
appeared in our earlier volumes, and which I used to send to
him and other entomological friends and correspondents. He
was, above all, an authority on the small moths, the micro-
lepidoptera, one of which, discovered by myself at Portland,
he kindly did me the honour to name after me. Besides
entomology, he was well up in other branches of natural
history, and famous as a sportsman. In 1910 he presented his
immense collection of the microlepidoptera of the world to the
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
Natural History Museum, of which he was one of the Trustees.
I also greatly regret the loss of Canon Hankey, who joined
the Club in 1893, Miss Woodhouse in 1898, Mrs. A. H. Lock
in 1900, Sir C. E. H. Chadwyck Healey in 1905, and Colonel
Mead in 1914. Miss Woodhouse has been a very frequent
attendant at our Meetings, and we shall miss her presence,
especially at our Winter Meetings, in which she took great
interest.
ZOOLOGY.
The developments in the science of medicine of late years
have been to a great extent the developments of our know-
ledge of those very low forms of life which are responsible for
many of the diseases to which both man and animals are
subject. Some of these are visible through the microscope
and can be recognised in this way, while others, which
analog}* gives us every reason to believe are present, are
invisible under the strongest magnification that we can use.
About 30 of the latter kind are known, or rather suspected.
Where these protozoa are conveyed to the victim through the
bite of some insect in which they pass part of their existence,
the preventive method is either to stop the insect from biting
the patient, and so taking into itself the germs of the disease,
or to destroy the insects wholesale. And there are of
course, in many cases, preventive measures by inoculation with
the microbes in a modified and less virulent form. During the
late war these inoculations have been carried out to an extent
hitherto unknown, with, as a rule, excellent results, especially
in typhoid and tetanus. In influenza, the effect of inoculation
was most marked in regard to the pulmonary complications
which often follow an attack and the fatal cases, there being
only one-tenth of the former among the inoculated and about
one-twentieth of the deaths, whereas the improvement in the
actual disease amounted only to one-third. Parasitic amoebae,
present especially in dysentery, have lately been much studied
in this connection. These and similar discoveries are doubtless
PRESIDENTS ADDRESS. 3
partly responsible for the great increase in the average
length of life, amounting to 25 per cent, in the last 50 years.
Observations of the plankton, or the mass of low and small
animal life found in the sea, off the Isle of Man, shew that the
bulk of it is composed of comparatively few species, though
the number of individuals must be enormous. A new species
of the crawling medusae, in which group the modified
tentacles are used as legs, is worth recording on account of
the rarity of these small jellyfish. It was found in an aquarium
at the Cape, and is only about J^in. in diameter. A large
collection of Crustacea of the family Sergestidas was made by
the Danish Siboga Expedition, and has greatly increased our
knowledge of them. As is often the case, the number of species,
founded on fewer specimens, has had to be reduced, in one
genus from 12 to 3, as intermediate forms have been found.
Observations of the common limpet have shewn that the small
ones are nearly all males, and there seems reason to believe
that a large proportion of these change their sex later on. A
similar fact has been noted in the slipper limpet (Crepidula
fornicata), which has invaded so many of our coasts. It has
been arranged in Staffordshire that, at the various flower shows,
an exhibit should be made of the life histories of some of the
most troublesome insect pests as well as other things relating
to plant diseases, which will help in spreading the knowledge
of them through the county. This might well be imitated
elsewhere. It would appear that the habits of the Aphis
known as American blight are different in America from this
country. Here there is no sexual generation, and the species
lives all the year round on the apple tree, whereas there, the
sexual generation is sustained on the American Elm, while for
the rest of the year the insects are found on the apple.
Plant lice are said to be comparatively scarce in the tropics,
owing perhaps to the violent rainstorms and the greater number
of insect enemies. The mystery of how the common housefly
passes the winter does not seem yet to be solved. None have
yet been seen hibernating, though many flies, some very like it
in appearance, are common enough in this condition. But
4 PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
larvae of the housefly (Musca domestica) are stated to have
lately been found in mid-winter in snails, and this, if confirmed,
is a simple explanation. A curious experiment has shewn that
if two lights are placed in front of a fly, it will not go directly
towards one of them, but in a line just between them. Whether
it flew or crawled I do not know, but I should have thought
the experiment very difficult to carry out with certainty, as flies
by no means always fly straight to a light when there is only
one, but often circle round it or indeed go in any direction, in
spite of its attraction for them. The gaudy larva of the
magpie moth ( Abraxas grossnlariata) is said to be distasteful to
birds ; but an observer writes that he has found it in the stomachs
of the song thrush, missel thrush, blackbird, great tit, white-
throat, house sparrow, yellow bunting and cuckoo. He has
also watched it being brought in large numbers to the nestlings
of a pair of song thrushes. The Inle Lake is situated at
a height of 3,000 feet on the Shan plateau, and has water of a
remarkable transparency. A report has lately been issued
under the direction of the Zoological Survey of India on its
fauna, many of the species being new and of interest from its
isolated position. A striking feature of the fish is an unusually
large eye, and there is a curious new eel-like animal. The
exciting story of a survival in Central Africa of one of the large
extinct saurians Brontosaurus has turned out to be a hoax.
I remember a friend once describing to me how he had
watched for some time from a boat at the bottom of a very
clear sea, off the S. African coast, an animal with all the
characteristics of the Plesiosaurus. It may have been so; but
things in the sea are deceiving, and one would like some con-
firmation. Coming to birds, the Report of the Departmental
Committee on the Protection of Wild Birds has lately been
issued, in which they suggest, amongst other things, the
formation of a permanent Ornithological Advisory Committee,
which, considering the fact that the Wild Birds' Protection
Acts have been administered in England without any expert
help, is a great step. The Canadians are doing a good deal in
the way of making bird sanctuaries in that country. They
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 5
have also prevented the hunting of caribou with aeroplanes,
which was proposed in order to increase the meat supply.
The white egret and the roseate spoonbill are both efficiently
protected in Louisiana, their chief guardian being an ex-plume-
hunter ! The Peruvian birds, penguins, cormorants, gannets,
pelicans, &c., which produce immense quantities of the
valuable guano, are also protected; and from one island 22, 337
tons were collected in three years, which I calculate, from com-
parison with domestic fowls, must represent something like
4,000,000 birds, or more. In contrast to these useful birds is
the little owl, an introduced species, which has greatly
increased in some parts of this country, and is said to be very
destructive to chickens and game, as well as to small birds.
It destroys also, however, mice and beetles, so that it has
some good qualities. Investigations of the contents of the
stomachs of about 3,000 sea-birds, including 14 species chiefly
gulls, have shewn that only in two, the cormorant and shag, do
the destructive qualities outweigh the useful. In the rest the
advantages to the farmer in the destruction of wireworms and
other injurious insects is much greater than the damage
caused by the consumption of edible fish, a great part of their
diet consisting of small crabs, worms and shore refuse
of various sorts. Swallows are rarely seen at Madeira;
but the captain of a ship reported that when near the Canary
Island off Las Palmas, in October last, thousands of swallows,
doubtless migrating, settled on his vessel and remained until
early dawn. An interesting event in the Zoological Park at
Edinburgh last October was the hatching of the egg of a King
Penguin. These Antarctic birds make no nest, but carry the
egg and the chick in a fold of skin on the foot. It has been
observed in Natal that in the case of African sunbirds the
brilliant scarlet in the plumage changes in captivity to a
bright orange. This is parallelled by the fact that when
crossbills are kept in aviaries, the red changes to green.
A new field mouse has been described from the island of
Foula, but it seems a little uncertain if it is entitled to specific
distinction. A new British whale has also been recorded from
6 PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
Ireland, True's whale (Mesoplodon minis), a very rare species;
and another specimen has since been identified in the Gahvay
Museum, caught in 1899 in Galway Bay. Whales have
become much scarcer both in the N. & S. seas, and are in
need of such protection as has just saved the seals of
Macquarie Island from extinction. A young live okapi, the
first seen in Europe, was presented to the Zoological Gardens
at Antwerp by a lady who had kept it in Africa as a pet for
three years; but it has, I regret to say, lately died. A dissertation
on the association of certain small glands of the human body
with various striking effects, such as growth and pigmentation,
would seem to belong to Zoology, but was the chief subject of
the Address of the President of the Anthropological Section
of the British Association, who shewed their probable influence
on the differentiation of mankind into Racial types.
BOTANY AND AGRICULTURE.
Our Club will have felt honoured by the election of our
Vice-president, Sir Daniel Morris, as President of the
Botanical Section of the British Association at its last meeting
at Bournemouth. In his address, he gives an interesting
account of what has been done in the development of varieties
of sugar cane, wheat, cotton, and other plants of great
economic importance, which will produce large crops of
superior quality and resist the diseases to which they are
subject. The report of the Empire Cotton Growing Committee
has lately been issued, giving various suggestions, both
theoretical and practical, to overcome the serious difficulty
caused by the fact that English mills are chiefly adapted for
American long-stapled cotton, which is now being much more
manufactured in its native country and therefore not so
available here. The cotton of India and some other countries
is shorter stapled and not of such good quality. It is therefore
desired to supplant this by varieties similar to the American.
The recent experiments in flax growing in this country do
not seem to have been very successful owing to the expense of
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 7
the necessary labour in harvesting, which has made the cost
too high; otherwise it should form a profitable crop. Another
industry to which much attention has been drawn is that of
Forestry, which it is proposed to carry on with Government
help, as the results involve many years in which there is no
return, though when the trees once begin to mature there will
doubtless be a regular annual profit. In the Agricultural
Section the President called attention to the fact that during
the war more than 3,000,000 acres of grass land were turned
into arable, leaving still about 30,000,000 acres of pasture,
besides 16,000,000 acres of mountain pasture. The relative
feeding values of different species of grasses constituting a
pasture had only been very partially determined; but he put
forward strongly the statement that phosphates, in the form of
basic slag, were by far the best known means of improving poor
grazing land, and very lasting in their effects. In Italy nitrate
of ammonia has been extracted from surplus explosives, and
found very good as a fertilizer. A paper of local interest at
the British Association dealt with the Orchids of Hants and
Dorset. Another described the desert flora of Western Egypt
near Cairo, where the Author had been stationed during the
war, the remaining papers being mostly of a more theoretical
nature. A method of irrigation for fruit trees which has long
been used in Sicily, and which, though perhaps not necessary
in most places in this country, is said to save half the water in
arid climates, is to insert drainpipes vertically in the soil above
the roots on a foundation of brick bats or loose stones and
pour the water down them. This method could doubtless be
used with advantage for applying liquid fertilizers.
GEOLOGY.
The borings for petroleum which have recently been under-
taken in this country are not yet in a sufficiently advanced
condition to speak decidedly as to their successful issue, though
some of them have produced a certain quantity of oil, especially
a boring near Chesterfield which is nearer completion than the
8 PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
rest, and was some time ago producing about 400 gallons per
day. But oil has been found here before in small quantities
which have not fulfilled the hopes thereby raised. It is now
considered that petroleum has no connection with coal or
organic matter, but is probably the result of the decomposition
of carbides or compounds of carbon with iron or some metal.
Borings for oil have also been commenced in Persia, where rich
deposits are believed to exist. The export of coal from
Spitzbergen is increasing, most of it of Tertiary formation and
situated at considerable heights above sea level, though
carboniferous and Jurassic coal are also found. A new source
of aluminium, labrador stone, has been discovered in Norway,
w r here there is no bauxite, from which it is usually extracted.
Labrador stone is a white rock forming mountain masses and
looking something like marble. On May 20th, 1919, the
volcano Kloet in Java suddenly discharged a great quantity of
hot mud in three streams, which caused much damage and loss of
life. An earthquake took place near Florence on June 29th,
causing much destruction, and is stated to be the most severe
earthquake in that district since 1895. Those at Messina in
1908 and Avezzano in 1915 were however much worse. In
Mexico a serious earthquake occurred on January 3rd, shocks
continuing at intervals for more than a week. From a study
of some of the genera of plants common to the West Indies
and the mainland of America, it is considered that these were
probably continuous in late Tertiary times, as they have certain
features in common. In connection with the Photographic
Survey of Dorset, to which in the past the many volumes of
valuable photographs in our Museum bear such splendid
testimony, and which, now that the war is over, will, it is hoped,
be resumed with energy, I may mention a series of photographs
taken from an aeroplane, illustrating in this novel way the
topography and geological features of Palestine. The
President of the Geological Section of the British Association
points out some of the important discoveries made by amateur
geologists, such as that of the Piltdown skull, but fears that the
passion for sport and amusements of all sorts which seems at
PRESIDENTS ADDRESS. 9
present to dominate most people of all classes prevents the
addition of new workers into this subject or, I may add, any
other rational subject ! Coming to fossils, a most interesting
one has been found in the Isle of Wight, namely, an Iguanodon
in such perfect condition as to shew the skin, which is finely
granulated. The remains of small mammals, living and extinct,
have lately been collected in caves in Cuba, many of the bones
coming from the castings of the barn owl, which may explain
the origin of similar accumulations of small bones in other parts
of the world.
ASTRONOMY.
The thing that has undoubtedly caused the greatest stir in
the Astronomical world in the past year is Einstein's theory of
Relativity and the observation of the bending of the ray of
light from a star passing close to the sun during the eclipse of
May 29th, 1919, as calculated in accordance with the theory.
As to the theory itself I have read a good deal, including
several so-called explanations of what it is, both in scientific
and other papers; but these explanations are all so involved
and obscure that it is very difficult to understand, and I gather
that in saying this I am in the same condition as many noted
astronomers and others. One difficulty seems to be that the
theory is a mathematical one, and depends on equations which
deal with fourth dimensional space. This works out quite well
in mathematics, and can lead to satisfactory and comprehensible
results; but to grasp the idea of a fourth direction, at right
angles to the direction of length, breadth and height, is more
than the present human brain is capable of. As far as I can
comprehend it, the theory assumes that a certain equation
involving the three ordinary dimensions of space, with a fourth
one representing time, will always hold good for the position
of a particle at any moment, the terms of the equation being
altered in accordance with the conditions prevailing. In other
words, everything is in equilibrium, and any moving particle
will so affect everything else in the universe that all will still
10 PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
remain in equilibrium. If I clip my finger into a pond, it moves
every drop of water in that pond or only produces pressure
perhaps on some of them without actual motion ; but the whole
thing takes up a new position of equilibrium which might be
calculated for any one particle of water from Einstein's
equations. From this equation three special results were
calculated and prophesied. The first was a perturbation of
Mercury, a very slow rotation round the sun of the perihelion
of its orbit, which had long been known to Astronomers and
which gravitation did not appear to account for. Einstein's
theory shews such a movement. By the second calculation,
the ray of light coming from a star and passing close to the
sun should be bent by a minute angle, by the influence of the
sun. The total eclipse of May 29th last afforded the
opportunity of observing such a star, which would otherwise
be invisible owing to the sun's brightness, and an amount of
bending of its rays approximately equal to the calculated angle
was seen to exist. It is right to state that various other
explanations have been offered of this phenomenon, but
nothing very conclusive. The third calculation is, that for
light coming from the sun the positions of the minute lines in
the spectrum would be different from those produced by the
same sort of light generated on the earth. This has not been
borne out by experiments; but these are of a very delicate
nature (as indeed are all the tests), and I believe that the
question is not as yet considered to be settled. In regard to
other results of this eclipse, it was observed that wireless
signals, received in districts under the penumbra or partial
eclipse were strengthened, the short duration of totality at any
point not producing any further perceptible effect. A very
fine prominence was observed during the eclipse, which rose
to a height of more than half the sun's diameter at a rate of
something like 50,000 miles an hour. In the middle of
December last, six of the planets were within 26 of longitude,
this near grouping causing much excitement amongst astro-
logers and those who followed them. Some slight perturbations
of Neptune have brought up again the question of a planet
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 11
still further from the sun, but, though its position may be
indicated, it is expected that it would be too faint to be visible.
From some faint asteroids discovered by photography at the
Lick Observatory it is estimated that the total number above
the 20th magnitude may amount to 57,000, whilst other con-
siderations suggest 100,000. These figures however seem to
do little more than shew that the number is probably very
large. Estimates of the age of the moon, that is to say the
length of time since it was thrown off from the earth, according
to the received theory, by different methods of calculation
vary from 60,000,000 to 1,200,000,000 years, shewing the great
uncertainty of these estimates. A meteorite which fell on
November 27th, was seen to descend into Lake Michigan; and
several meteors of more or less striking brightness have been
recorded, four at Bristol, on July 20th, October 22nd,
November 27th, and December 25th, one on October 21st at
Wimborne and elsewhere, another at Wimborne on November
2nd, one at London on January 16th, which left a trail which
lasted 5^ minutes, and one on February 4th seen in various
parts of the country, also on February 17th and 27th. The
recent new star, Nova Aquihe, which caused so much
astronomical interest in 1918, had faded to the 6th magnitude
in April, 1919. From a comparison at the Johannesburg
observatory of recent photographic plates with those taken 20
years ago, it has been found that no less than 400 stars, out of
the 20,000 shewn, have a measurable proper motion, the
amounts in this case varving from 290", 179" and 167"
downwards, only 75 being more than 20", all per 100 years.
Comparisons lately made between the distances of stars, as
calculated by spectroscopic and trigonometrical methods,
shew very satisfactory agreement. The new lOOin. reflecting
telescope at Mount Wilson has turned out very successful; and
some beautiful lunar photographs have been taken with it,
shewing very fine detail. An exhibition of early scientific
instruments was held at Oxford last year, when various
interesting astronomical and other instruments were shewn,
the earliest being a Persian astrolabe dated A.D. 987 and a
Moorish one of 1067.
12 PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
METEOROLOGY.
During the War, Meteorology was utilized in many new
ways, and large developments of the Meteorological Office
were required in connection especially with Aviation. Under
these circumstances it was decided that the work should be
taken over by the Air Ministry. The chief danger in this is
that they may use the office for Aviation purposes with a com-
parative disregard of its many other uses; but the increased
scientific work which it is expected will be done may produce
compensating advantages. The Meteorological Office, begun
in 1854 as a Department of the Board of Trade, has now more
than 5,000 rainfall observers. The rainfall in 1919 was slightly
in excess of the average almost everywhere in England and
in N. Wales and the N. and E. of Scotland, but was deficient in
Central and S. Scotland and in Ireland. At my house,
Montevideo, Chickerell, the rainfall vvas31'74in.,an amount well
over the average of 18 years, 29'63in. Eight months in the year
were exceptionally cold, those warmer than the average being
May, June, August and December, so that much vegetation
was slow of growth and late. The mean autumn temperature
at Greenwich was 3 below the normal, which has only been
exceeded three times in the past 100 years, in 1829, 1840 and
1887. And there have only been two autumns in the last
100 years with a smaller rainfall, 1834 and 1858. The except-
ionally high velocity of wind at 180 miles an hour was recorded
on January 9th last over the S. of England at an altitude of
25,000 feet. A fine Aurora was seen over the S. of England
on October 1st, and was also visible from the Isle of Man.
ELECTRICITY.
A magnetic storm of considerable magnitude took place on
August llth and 12th last, and was probably felt all over the
world. It caused much irregularity in telegraphs and other
electric instalments; and the vertical force shown at Kew seems
to have been greater than any previous record. One fairly
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 13
large and some small spots were present on the sun. The
storm lasted rather more than 24 hours. Another similar
storm occurred on March 22nd, accompanied by a fine Aurora
visible at Stonyhurst. One of lesser magnitude was
observed on March 4th. At Greenwich the magnetic dip,
which had been decreasing up to 1913, when it reached a
minimum, is now increasing and amounts to a little less than
67. The improvements in the speed and otherwise of wire-
less telegraphy have lately been so great that messages can be
transmitted to America at a lower rate than by cable. Wire-
less telephony can also be used across the Atlantic, and with
aeroplanes. The stations that send out wireless time signals
are now so distributed over the world that a ship in almost any
position equipped with a suitable apparatus can pick up her time.
The extraction of various metals by electrolytic methods from
the ore has become not only an experimental fact, but is
much practised commercially, and produces the metal in the
purest form by fewer processes than smelting. It is also
possible to use much poorer ores than before with profit.
Thus a gold ore containing only 1 dwt. of gold per ton can
be successfully worked, whereas the previous limit was half-
an-ounce. The fact that most substances in a state of fine
division are attracted to either the positive or negative pole of
a battery, has been taken advantage of to refine clays, especially
china clay, and separate them from foreign matter. It is found
that a purer clay can be produced in this manner than by any
other treatment. The X-rays are now not only extensively used
in medicine, but in a variety of other ways, for testing materials,
as they frequently shew internal flaws which could not other-
wise be perceived, and other details of structure. The crys-
talline condition of a substance is often shewn.
CHEMISTRY.
The War, which is now happily over, has been to a great
extent a chemical war; and I think that chemistry has risen in
this country from the very low estimation in which it was held
14 PRESIDENT'S ADDRKSS.
before, to a much higher position. High explosives and poison
gas have played a great part in the contest, far more than in
any previous war; and were it not for our chemists the latter
fiendish invention of the Germans might have overcome us.
Even now the Germans have many dye works and other
factories which were used for producing both these substances
and could at very short notice be again diverted from their
normal manufacture in the same way, whereas I believe that we
are very deficient in such advantages, and should have to
organize special factories for such a purpose. The employ-
ment of scientific chemists (this name of "chemist" has unfortun-
ately been perverted and used for people who keep shops and
make up medicines, but who mostly know but little of the
science of chemistry) has been much urged upon manufactur-
ing chemists and others, and would undoubtedly be a most
valuable aid to real progress and improvements in their pro-
ductions. Germany was able to produce its own nitrogen
from the atmosphere during the war; and there seems some
hope that plant for this purpose will be established in England,
where it is much wanted. A Committee was appointed in
1916 to consider this question, and has lately issued its report.
In regard to the large number of synthetic drugs which used
to be made in Germany and imported here before the war,
the National Health Insurance Commission reported that 16,
in which Germany had had a virtual monopoly, were now
made here, and that many others seemed unnecessary and
might be dispensed with. Synthetic rubber was made in
Germany during the war, as the natural product was unobtain-
able; but as it is far more expensive, it is not likely to be con-
tinued. The gas, helium, which was originally detected in the
sun, and afterwards found on the earth, is now produced
commercially and used for filling balloons and airships on
account of its lightness and non-explosiveness. It is present to
the extent of from 6 to 10 per cent, in the gases given off from
springs in the Cote d'Or in France. Other formerly rare gases
are utilized, such as argon for electric lighting purposes.
Lead is a substance of which I believe there exist no less than
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 15
six isotopes, or forms differing very slightly in atomic weight
and some other respects, but all sufficiently like each other to be
classed as lead. They are obtained in different ways, and it
has now been discovered that the spectra of two of them differ
slightly, namely ordinary lead and lead derived from pitch-
blende residues.
ENGINEERING.
The improvements which were made in aeroplanes during
the war still continue, and many long flights have been made
which shew the endurance and powers of these machines and
their pilots. The first was the flight across the Atlantic
which, as regards the direct flight from Newfoundland
to Ireland, was first made in June last in 16^ hours, giving
an average speed of about 120 miles an hour. Since
then, amongst other long distances, flights have been made
by stages from England to Australia, and Cairo to the Cape.
The record height of 36,020 feet (nearly 7 miles) has also
been reached. The direct trans-Atlantic trip has also been
made by airship, the average rate being 33 miles per hour
over the course of 3,100 miles, or little more than a quarter of
the speed of the aeroplane. The airship also made the
return journey, the speed being greater owing to the wind
being more favourable. The commercial use of airships
and aeroplanes has been much under consideration; but little
has been practically carried out in this direction. The
address of the President of the Engineering Section at the
British Association was on the subject of Engineering and
science during the war, arrd gave a very interesting account of
the production and use of guns and ammunition and of
tanks and aircraft, as well as of submarines and mines, and
the means adopted for protection against them and for their
destruction. A good deal was also said on this subject by
the President of the Association in his Inaugural Address.
The flame projectors invented and first used by the Germans
with such horrible effects, have since the war been found
16 PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
useful in destroying locusts, though I do not know with how
much success. Other papers on special subjects connected
with war engines were also read. A matter that has also been
much discussed is the amount of water power in this country,
in which unfortunately we are but poorly supplied, compared
with some other countries, and its use to the best advantage.
This has been caused to a great extent by the consideration of
the supply of nitrogenous products, the nitrogen being
obtained most easily in large quantities from the atmosphere,
for which purpose water power is extensively used elsewhere;
the greatest example being Niagara, which is now being still
further utilized. It has been lately proposed to use the water
power from Dartmoor and from the river Dee for this purpose ;
but neither project has been carried out. One of the latest
suggestions is to sink a borehole 12 miles deep with a view to
obtaining a new source of power from the internal heat of the
earth. Whether the result would be satisfactory is problem-
atical; but as it is estimated that it would take 85 years to
accomplish, it is only future generations who would be able to
judge of its merits. Experiments have been made which tend
to shew that granite would not collapse and fill the shaft at
that depth. Another estimate gives only 30 years for the
boring. The deepest shaft yet sunk is 11 mile. An ultra-
rapid kinematograph has been invented in which the film
moves continuously, the object being illuminated by electric
sparks. In this way it is said that 20,000 photographs a
second can be taken on the film.
GEOGRAPHY.
A new method of world survey has been proposed, viz. :
that by means of wireless time signals the exact longitude of
three spots on the earth, say at Paris, Shanghai and San Fran-
cisco, shall be determined, the latitude being found by ordinary
means, and that from these, other points shall have their exact
positions deduced, so that the surveys of different portions of
the earth may be co-ordinated with each other. A geodetic
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 17
survey which has long been in progress in the United States
has lately been completed. Two lines were carefully measured
as bases, one near the Canadian frontier in the North, the
other in Mexico. The junction of these has been completed
by a series of 68 triangulations, the resulting error being only
0.63in., shewing a wonderful degree of accuracy. A new
form of survey, much used in a limited way during the war, is
by means of photographs from aeroplanes which shew the
features of the country like a map. This has been carried out
to a certain extent in Africa; but owing to the similarity of
aspect of much of the country, it was found necessary to have a
piece of a river or some striking feature, to enable the photo-
graphs to be fitted together. A similar method has been applied
to photographing portions of the sea bottom; but it is presumed
that the water must be fairly clear. It is said that near Brest
several points of rock on the sea floor which had before
escaped notice were well shewn in the photographs. A large
model, 14 feet in diameter, of the volcano Kilauea on Hawaii
has lately been made for the Geological Museum of Harvard
University. It has always seemed to me that one can so
much more easily learn and realize important facts from
models than from photographs or drawings, that they are
very desirable articles in a Museum, but unfortunately they
are expensive. Three new expeditions to the Polar regions
are intended to be carried out this summer, viz. : the British
Imperial Antarctic Expedition, whose objects are to investigate
the mineral deposits, localities for whales, and the meteorolo-
gical and magnetic conditions in portions of the Antarctic
regions and to circumnavigate the Antarctic continent. The
other two are Arctic, one American, in which aeroplanes are
to be used, the other English, with a ship only.
ARCHEOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY.
Very little is known about man in his earliest forms; and I
am not aware that any special addition has been made to our
knowledge in this respect since my last address. Nothing
18 PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
further has been discovered at Piltdown; and the imperfect
skull and mandible of Eanthropus daivsoni, with its ape-like
characters, in which it resembles other early specimens, are al-
most too fragmentary for drawing any very elaborate conclusions.
Such early remains are usually imperfect; and very few of them
are known. Turning to slightly later times, a large Neolithic
graveyard has been found in Vestrogothia, wfyere two quad-
rangular and ten circular stone enclosures covered with smooth
slabs were found, containing burnt bones in urns. At
Penmaenmaur a Neolithic factory has been discovered, where
polished stone axes were manufactured of a fine-grained
igneous rock. Axes in all stages were found, besides
broken ones and wasters; and other specimens found elsewhere
and made from this Graig-lwyd rock have been identified. A
remarkable series of stone and terracotta remains are stated to
have been discovered near the city of Mexico, including rough
representations of Chinese, Egyptian and Negro faces, and seals
and jade beads, apparently Chinese. If confirmed these will
prove most interesting, as showing a former intercourse with
the Old World which has been often suggested. The Mesa
Verde Park, Colorado, has been reserved for the protection of
ancient cliff dwellings, and these are being gradually excavated
and repaired. One has a tower 40 feet high, built of masonry.
A collection of 600 Sioux folk songs, obtained with the aid of
the phonograph, has been published. It is stated that " some
few of the songs appear to possess something of the nature of
a tune; but that in others the sequence of notes is very much
of the same chaotic character that is so conspicuous at modern
recitals!" A valuable collection of antiquities has been
brought to the British Museum from Mesopotamia, including
a King's statue of about 3000 B.C., a copper plaque repre-
senting a lion-headed eagle and a fine series of bricks. In
Crete the site of a palace of middle Minoan period has been
uncovered. Amongst the objects found were numbers of
small pieces of gold leaf, which are supposed to have been
laid on wooden or bone articles which have perished.
At Stonehenge some of the stones which are in a dangerous
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 19
position are being put right under the supervision of the
Society of Antiquaries; and the holes of an outer row of stones,
now gone with one possible exception, have been discovered.
In these holes have been found charred human and animal
bones. Aubrey's map in 1666 shewed, in these places,
depressions in the turf, and one stone. In " Stonehenge," by
Inigo Jones, 1655, the author (p. 57) speaks of " The parallel
stones on the inside of the Trench, 4-foot broad, and 3-foot
thick : but they lie so broken and ruined by time that their
proportion in height cannot be distinguished, much lesse
exactly measured." It contains several plans. He also
mentions two large stones just outside the ditch at
each of the three entrances through it. At Mitcham
the excavations have been continued and six more graves found,
two with the bones of giant chieftains. A number of bodies
of women, perhaps their widows, appear to have been thrown
carelessly in the graves of the men. It is thought that they
may date from the 5th Century. Excavations have also been made
in Jersey and elsewhere, and a human figure has been found
sculptured on the Dolmen of Dehus, Guernsey. A horse
cemetery has, for the first time, been discovered in Egypt.
There \vere four rows of graves, the horses having their
chariot trappings and facing the south.
GENERAL.
A remark in a paper read at the British Association on
Education struck me as expressing an important need at the
present day, when slang is so greatly in the ascendant in some
quarters that the users of it seem to have forgotten that there
is such a language as English. It is " that the plainest, most
everyday speech should be clear, expressive, accurate, graceful
whenever possible, and at any rate decent; that a child should
learn to define and clarify in his mind the terms in which he
thinks, to think in real English, not in jargon." I fear that the
decision to make Greek voluntary at Oxford is a step in the
wrong direction; for I can hardly imagine a Greek scholar
20 PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
speaking or thinking jargon ! Science has not yet taken the
place in public estimation which it deserves, and which is
most desirable for the welfare of the country; and it has been
suggested that an organisation of scientific workers should be
formed for securing recognition and proper rewards for their
work, a method which is not only fashionable, but usually
successful in' other walks of life. We owe much to our
scientists; and it would have been hard for the bravery of our
soldiers to have won the war without their help. A controversy
has been going on between Museums and the Educational
Authorities in consequence of a desire on behalf of the latter
to transfer the Museums to the Board of Education. But the
Museums say truly that they are not in the first place
educational institutions, but receptacles for the preservation
of all that is interesting and rare in Nature and Art. I have
always myself thought that this should be their first and most
important aim, but that suitable arrangements with full
explanatory labels and guide books should make them, as far
as possible, convenient for educational purposes. Personally
I have found that really good labelling adds immensely to
their interest, and in that respect I think our County Museum
will take a good place. A good guide book or catalogue is
useful, but much more difficult and lengthy to refer to.
Museums generally must have grown very much in number
and size in the last 40 years. Taking the department of
Zoology alone, the number of specimens in the British Museum
of Natural History has increased from about 1,400,000 in 1883,
when it was removed to South Kensington, to about 6,000,000,
and I expect that our Museum, would shew even a greater
proportional increase. More organized collecting is now being
done for the Natural History Museum, so that we may expect
it to grow even faster in the future. For some years after
that date our Club used to hold its Winter meetings in the
Museum itself; but the gradual filling up made it inconvenient,
and we migrated to our present quarters about 1890. As in
most other things, the subscription for membership of the
British Association has been raised by half; but we hope that
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 21
in our own Club we may be able to get along without this
increase, especially if we can raise our numbers again to our
full complement ; but I fear that we shall not be able to afford
any more of the thick volumes which we published in some
past years of plenty. The subscriptions to the Linnean and
some other Societies have also been raised. From experiments
it would seem that industrial fatigue plays a considerable part
in production, and that the output per hour is distinctly
higher when the period of work is shorter, unless of course
the worker limits his output to a fixed amount, in which case
the amount is probably well within the margin of his powers,
whether the hours of work be long or not. By the elimination of
wasteful effort which has been found practicable in certain
manufactures and trades the amount of work done has been
greatly increased. Thus it is stated that the number of
separate actions required to lay a brick have been reduced
from 18 to 5, and the output thereby increased from 120 per
man per hour to 350. How much special training an ordinary
bricklayer would require to do this, I do not know. Two
things are being urged forward in certain quarters; but I do
not myself see the necessity for them or any great advantage.
The first is that the hours of the day should be numbered from
1 to 24, as in astronomy, in which case all our clocks would
require serious alterations. The second is that the calendar
should be altered so that the same calendar should be correct
for every year. This it is proposed to effect by a variety of
methods; but it would be necessary that one day, or in Leap year
two days, should be left out of the calculation, which seems
very unsatisfactory; and the advantages, if any, are very small
and not worth the general upsetting of all our ideas on the
subject. The war has brought many changes, social and
otherwise, and a great deal of unrest and discontent, especially
amongst those who have benefited most by them. As regards
our Club, we have suffered, as was almost unavoidable, by the
loss of members by resignation; but we are gradually getting
up our numbers, and shall I hope in a few years again reach
our maximum.
2>or0et IDolunteers buring the jfrencb
Mars, 1793-1814,
By HENRY SYMONDS, F.S.A.
(Read December 9th, 1919).
[HE early history of the unmounted Volunteer Corps
in this county has yet to be written; but whoever
may undertake the work will find that he must rely
mainly on the War Office records from which
the following extracts, now printed for the first time, are
gathered. He will also find, I believe, in our citizen army at the
end of the eighteenth century the same public spirit in face
of danger which animated the Territorial troops when the call
came five years ago.
The material for this article has been obtained from the
muster rolls and pay lists in the care of the Public Record
Office, to which place the War Office has transferred its older
chronicles. The documents are available down to 1837, but
I propose to cite a part of the earliest return from each unit,
thus indicating the locality in which the company was raised,
the names of the officers, and the number of non-commissioned-
DORSET VOLUNTEERS DURING THE FRENCH WARS. 23
officers and men. It is a matter of regret to me that I was
not able to transcribe and publish the names of all who served
in 1798, but it was manifestly impossible in these pages;
hence I must be content to follow the example of the Army
List and confine myself to the holders of the King's commission.
At the outset it will be convenient to review briefly the
circumstances leading up to the rirst recognition of Volunteers
as a separate military force. The various Acts regulating the
Militia had allowed a substitute to take the place of a man
whose name was drawn in the ballot. Then single volunteers
were allowed to enlist, who proportionately reduced the
liability of the parish or town to furnish a given quota of men.
Later on, entire companies of volunteers under their own
officers were accepted for service, but they were merged in the
Militia and so lost their identity. In addition, companies were
formed independently of any Act of Parliament and were
known as Fencibles; but no evidence is forthcoming of the
existence of such Corps in Dorset. Then came the Act of
1794 (34 George III, cap. 31) as a consequence of the disturbed
condition of France and the renewed apprehension of an
invasion. This statute set forth the desirability of raising
Volunteer companies in particular towns, more especially those
on or near the sea-coast, the details of the scheme being
described as " the plan." The minimum number of men in
each detachment was to be sixty, with the usual complement
of officers, while those who enrolled were exempted from any
liability under the Militia regulations if they punctually attended
the exercises. Here, then, we see the official inauguration of
the Volunteer movement in this country. Among the measures
recommended in " the plan " was the opening of subscrip-
tion lists; to this the county responded by raising more than
2,500 at a meeting held in Dorchester in July, 1794, which
was followed by adjourned meetings. Although the proposals
met with general support, the activities of Bonaparte induced
the Government to pass two more Acts in 1798 (38 George III,
cc. 27 and 51) with the object of " applying in the most
" expeditious manner and with the greatest effect the voluntary
24 DORSET VOLUNTEERS DURING THE FRENCH WARS.
" services of the King's loyal subjects." To this end the Lords
Lieutenant were to furnish returns of men between the ages of
15 and 60 years, not already in any Corps, who would be
willing to be trained for the defence of the kingdom. There
was a further influx of volunteers, as we shall learn, and the
system, as amended, continued until the ratification of peace
at Amiens in March, 1802, when the existing statutes expired
and many companies were disbanded. War broke out again
in 1803, however, and a series of Acts were passed authorizing
the embodiment of new corps of Volunteers to meet the
emergency (Cf. 44 George III, cap. 54). The total then
raised in Great Britain and Ireland amounted to 463,000 men,
a number which was said to check materially the flow of
recruits for the regular army.
In the course of the investigation I noticed that the Dorset
companies of infantry and artillery were not formed until 1798,
if the muster rolls were conclusive proof, whereas the Volunteer
cavalry was raised in 1794 (as will presently appear), the year
of recognition by the Government.* The apparent tardiness
of the unmounted forces may be due, I think, to the loss of
their earliest records. In this connection it may be mentioned
that no muster rolls from Sherborne exist before 1803, and
none at all from Lyme Regis; the latter town, being open to
raids from the Channel, would certainly have enrolled a local
corps on the first opportunity granted to it. There is the
further point that two Weymouth officers were gazetted to
their respective corps, vice two others who had resigned, on
9th June, 1795, but the War Office musters are silent until 1798.
On the whole, therefore, it seems to be a fair inference that
infantry and artillery were raised soon after they were
authorized, and that their records are not complete during the
first period. Let us hope that some of the descendants of the
men who served at that time will be able to supply from private
sources the information which is now missing. A welcome
* It is possible that the transmission of returns of strength,
through the General commanding the district, was not
compulsory until 1798.
DORSET VOLUNTEERS DURING THE FRENCH WARS. 2r>
instance of such unofficial information comes from Beaminster.
I learn that a company was formed there in 1798, being
known as the Beaminster Loyal Town Volunteers. The officers
were Samuel Cox, jun., captain, Baruch Fox and John B.
Russell, lieutenants, Joseph Bishop, ensign. The total strength
was eighty-four, and the arms were swords, firelocks and
bayonets. The uniform was scarlet, with green facings and
silver buttons, (cf. Mr. R. Hine's History of Beaminster).
For several years the company was the administrative unit;
but it appears that about 1803, when the Volunteers were
recalled after the failure of the Peace of Amiens, the scattered
units were organized as the 1st, 2nd and 3rd battalions of
Dorset Volunteer Infantry. The pay of a private was then,
as in the previous war, one shilling for each day of exercise ;
a captain received nine shillings and five pence, a lieutenant
four shillings and fourpence, and an ensign three shillings and
five pence. The uniform was presumably similar to that worn
by the Portland Legion in 1804, which may be seen, as far as
the size of the picture will allow, on plate xviii of old Portland
views in Proceedings, Vol. xxxvii., p. 252.
The Dorset County Museum possesses a few relics of the
period under consideration (1) A drum bearing the words
" Evershot Volunteers," which can be attributed to the company
mentioned on p. 27. (2) A flag of green silk, with a small Union
Jack at the upper corner next to the staff; an inscription reads
"First Battalion Dorset Volunteers"; in the centre are the
Royal Arms with an escutcheon of pretence bearing Hanoverian
quarterings; below are the rose, thistle and shamrock. The
escutcheon was added by George III. to his armorial shield in
January, 1801, and consequently the flag was made after that
date, which confirms my opinion that the 1st battalion was
raised about 1803. (3) Several maps relating to the defence of
the county and showing, among other things, the places of
assembly of the troops. One of these maps, dated 1st August,
1804, is believed to have been drawn by Captain Jennings of
the Evershot company.
I can trace only two papers on this subject. One is by
26 DORSET VOLUNTEERS DURING THE FRENCH WARS.
Col. Sir William Watts (Proceedings, vol. xxxii., p. 70),
who quoted a few extracts from a printed Army List of
1803, but did not carry his researches beyond that year.
The other article was written jointly by Major J. A. Stephens
and myself in May, 1910, for the Wesscx Divisional Journal, a
magazine which is now extinct. Our object was to stimulate
recruiting for the Territorials in Somerset and Dorset by publish-
ing a list of towns and villages in the two counties where corps
had been raised in former days.
The appended list of companies according to the Wnr Office
muster rolls is arranged in alphabetical order of place names,
each unit being infantry unless otherwise stated :
ANDERSON AND WINTERBORNE. 1798.
John Shittler, (I) captain. William Galpine, lieutenant.
John House, ensign.
9 N.C.O., 4 drummers, 104 privates.
BLANDFORD. 1803. Two companies,
Archibald Stuart and John Tregonwell King, (2) captains.
Thomas Roe and Robert Chisholm, lieutenants. Malachi
Fisher and Charles Jacob, ensigns.
12 N.C,O., 4 drummers, 116 privates.
BRIDPORT. 1797-8.
Henry Bull Way, captain. Thomas Carpenter, lieutenant.
John Perham, sec. lieutenant.
6 N.C.O., 2 drummers, 94 privates.
BROWNSEA. 1798. (Artillery).
Charles Sturt, (3) captain. Edward Allen and John
Carter, lieutenants.
12 N.C.O., 4 drummers, 104 privates.
(1) cf. Hutchins, I. 337.
(2) Treasurer of the county.
(3) Then the owner of Brownsea Island.
DORSET VOLUNTEERS DURING THE FRENCH WARS. 27
DORCHESTER. 1798.
William Boyer, major. George Stickland, (4) captain,
Thomas Tapp and Robert Critchell, lieutenants. Richard
Ring, sec. lieutenant.
12 N.C.O., 4 drummers, 117 privates.
The same, but 1803.
George Stickland, captain. George Frampton, lieutenant.
Thomas Garland, ensign.
85 privates,
EVERSHOT. 1803.
John Jennings, captain. Robert Deane, lieutenant. Giles
Hay ward, ensign.
72 privates.
MAPPERTON AND WIMBORNE DEAN. 1799-
John Wickens, captain. James Forster Knight, lieutenant.
William Hiley, ensign
4 N.C.O., 1 bugler, 50 privates.
PlDDLETOWN. 1803.
Alexander Cunningham, captain. William Neyle,
lieutenant. Samuel Boswell, ensign.
60 privates.
POOLE. 1798. Two Companies (Artillery).
John Jeffery, major, commanding. Young West, captain.
Samuel Durnford and Richard Allen, lieutenants. Samuel
Clark and John H. Lander, ensigns.
13 N.C.O., 4 drummers, 103 privates.
PORTLAND ISLAND. 1804. " Legion of Volunteers."
John Penn, captain. Henry Lowman and Richard Lano,
lieutenants- Henry Pearce, ensign.
8 N.C.O., 4 drummers, 103 privates. In May, 1804, the
Legion was on permanent duty, "on a report of the enemy
being about to land on the island."
(4) Town Clerk.
28 DORSET VOLUNTEERS DURING THE FRENCH WARS.
PURBECK, ISLE OF. 1798.
John Cockram, captain. Joseph Willis, lieutenant.
George Cull, ensign. In 1799 Peter Marsh was ensign.
9 N.C.O., 2 drummers, 2 lifers, 83 privates.
SHAFTESBURY. 1798.
Charles Bowles, captain. George Wilkins, lieutenant.
Charles Hannen, ensign.
6 N.C.O., 3 drummers, 85 privates.
STOCKLAND AND DALWOOD. 1798.
Thomas Knott, (o) captain. Josiah Anstice, <5) lieutenant.
James Stocker, ensign.
11 N.C.O., 6 drummers and rifers, 111 privates.
SYDLING ST. NICHOLAS.
James Hilbourne, captain. William Devenish, lieutenant.
William Dunning, ensign.
93 privates.
UPWEY. 1798.
John Gould, (K) captain. Thomas Compton, lieutenant.
John Bevan, ensign.
6 N.C.O., 4 drummers and fifers, 63 privates.
WARM WELL, 1798.
Thomas Billett, captain. John Ingram, lieutenant. John
Style, ensign.
8 N.C.O., 4 drummers, 87 privates.
WEYMOUTH AND MELCOMBE REGIS. 1798.
Samuel Weston, (7) major. Henry H. Tizard, captain.
James Scott <8) and Nicholas Marder, lieutenants.
Samuel Williams, ensign.
11 N.C.O., 4 drummers, 120 privates.
(5) Of Broadhayes. cf. Hutchins, II. 247.
(6) Of Fleet and Upwey.
(7) Owner of Resolution privateer in 1793.
(8) Another owner of privateers.
DOHSET VOLUNTEERS DURING THE FRENCH WARS. 29
WEYMOUTH AND WYKE REGIS. 1798.
John Horsford, (9) captain. John Wood, lieutenant.
Thomas Richardson, ensign.
8 N.C.O., 4 drummers, 85 privates.
WEYMOUTH " LOYAL ARTILLERY." 1798.
John Puckett, captain. James Bower, lieutenant. Stephen
Bryer, ensign.
6 N.C.O., 4 drummers and nfers, 60 privates.
WIMBORNE. 1800.
Jacob Downing Pickford, captain. James Drew, lieutenant,
Henry Rowden, ensign.
8 N.C.O., 3 drummers, 52 privates.
WOOL AND EAST STOKE. 1798.
James Seymer, captain. Thomas Will, lieutenant. Joseph
Snell, ensign. John Seymer, supernumerary ensign.
11 N.C.O., 6 drummers and fifers, 80 privates.
WOOTTON, WHITECHURCH AND CHIDEOCK. 1798.
Samuel Fitzherbert, captain. William Juson, lieutenant.
Thomas Cox, ensign.
9 N.C.O., 4 drummers, 88 privates.
I have already said that the detached companies were probably
organized as battalions in or shortly before 1803. Therefore
the companies dated 1803-4 in the foregoing list (viz. : Blandford,
Dorchester, Evershot, Piddletown, Portland and Sydling St.
Nicholas) may be provisionally regarded as forming part of the
3rd Battalion, of which no separate records appear to have
survived. Lt. -Colonel Pleydell commanded this battalion in
1804 when it was on permanent duty at Weymouth.
Next follow the company officers of the 1st battalion, as
commanded by Lt.-Colonel Lord Digby in 1806.
(9) Owner of Achilles privateer in 1793.
30
DORSET VOLUNTEERS DURING THE FRENCH WARS.
Sherborne. Samuel Vowell, captain. John Chaffey and
William Jeffery.
,, ,, James Crutvvell, captain.
,, ,, Thomas Fooks, captain.
William Spooner.
,, ,, Robert Gordon, captain.
Charles Mabar.
,, ,, George Henning, captain.
Edward Walter.
,, ,, George Mayo, captain.
Thomas Feaver.
Gillingham. Charles Bowles, captain.
Joseph Read.
The dating of the records of the 1st battalion is somewhat
confused, and it seems quite possible that these officers or
some of them were also serving in 1803.
John Helyar, jun.
Charles Winter and
Thomas Thorne and
Isaac Slocombe and
Thomas Tucker and
William Bell and
The 2nd battalion, under the command of Lt. -Colonel Jeffery,
was quartered at Poole in 1803. The places in which the
detachments were raised are not stated, but I have suggested
the locality, within brackets, when a clue was available.
B. L. Garland, captain. John Jeffery and Thomas Adey.
[Poole].
Benjamin Linthorne, captain. James Seager and William
Gregory. [Poole].
Thomas Salmon, captain. John Brooks.
Samuel Durnford, (10) captain, George W. Ledgard and Richard
Allen. [Poole].
J. D. Pickford, captain. James Drew. [Wimborne].
Richard Austen, captain. William Butt and William Dean.
[Wimborne].
Thomas Bartlett, (11) captain. John Christie and Thomas
Swayne. [ Wareham] .
(10) Notary Public.
(11) Town Clerk.
DORSET VOLUNTEERS DURING THE FRENCH WARS. 31
Robert Dugclale, (12) captain. Elias Dugdale and Edward
Squire [Wareham]. (W.O. 13-4298, 4299, 4300, 4301).
It will be noticed that the preceding details relate only
to the infantry and artillery. The mounted arm, now repre-
sented by the Yeomanry, has already found an historian in
Captain C. W. Thompson, who published in 1894 the Records
of the Dorset Yeomanry, the first portion of which is derived
from a contemporary memoir written by Lt.-Colonel James
Frampton. The narrative covers a period of twenty years,
from the formation of the regiment in 1794 to its disbandment
in 1814 on the conclusion of a general peace in Europe.
During that space of time the corps was known as the Dorset
Volunteer Rangers, the names of those who were enrolled in
1794 being given in appendix F of Captain Thompson's
excellent book. It is fortunate that this list was preserved at
Moreton House, seeing that the War Office muster rolls of the
regiment do not exist for an earlier date than 1804. The
scheme for removing live stock, etc., from the coast farms to
inland districts in the event of invasion is fully discussed, and
need not be repeated here.
Another interesting book dealing with mounted volunteers is a
small volume published anonymously, in 1799, but written by
James Frampton. The title is Instructions for the corps of Dorset
Yeomanry or Volunteer Dorset Rangers, and a copy is in the
library of the County Museum. In addition to being a manual
of drill, it includes a muster roll of all persons serving in
December 1798. The regiment then consisted of ten troops,
with a total strength of 605, the names and places of abode of
the members of each troop being printed in detail. A third
literary item of Georgian days is a book of laudatory verse
entitled The Honorable Britons, and dedicated in December
1797 to Lord Milton and officers of the Volunteer Rangers by
(12) An Attorney.
32 DORSET VOLUNTEERS DURING THE FRENCH WARS.
John Barlow, of Radipole. This effusion escaped the eyes of
Canon Mayo when he compiled his Bibliotheca Donetiensis.
A necessary adjunct to the work of our Volunteers when
watching for Bonaparte and his armada was the telegraph or
signal station established on several Dorset hills. A drawing
of the apparatus on High Stoy, and a description of the method
of working it, from the pen of the late T. B. Groves, can be
found in Proceedings, vol. xi., p. 135. There were also, of
course, the beacon fires on the coastal heights; but neither of
the systems could overcome the vagaries of a Channel fog.
I will recall for a moment an almost forgotten branch of the
auxiliary forces in the maritime counties. The Sea Fencibles
were raised and organized by the Admiralty for the immediate
defence of the shore and harbours, its members being recruited
from fishermen and sailors who were not liable to seizure by a
press gang for the navy. For example, in 1798 Bridport and
neighbourhood provided 53 men for such duties under Nicholas
Ingram, who was probably identical with a cornet in the
Rangers of the same name about three years earlier. The Sea
Fencibles formed a chain round the shores of England, and
may perhaps be regarded as the forerunners of the naval
coastguard of to-day.
The alarums and excursions of that troubled period are
illustrated by a local incident related in the Western Flying
Post in April, 1799
" Monday evening about ten o'clock an express arrived from
" a neighbouring signal house to the commanding officer at
" Bridport, stating that an enemy was actually landing in the
" west, but their numbers and situation could not be ascertained
" before the morning. The drums immediately beat to arms ;
" the three companies of Bridport Volunteers assembled with
" surprising alacrity, and remained steadily under arms during
" the whole night, anxious to march wherever their services
" might be required. Two troops of the Somerset Provisional
'' Cavalry, commanded by Major Rodber, displayed great zeal
" on the occasion; Captain Travers's troop of Dorset Yeomanry
DORSET VOLUNTEERS DURING THE FRENCH WARS. 33
"assembled from all quarters with the greatest expedition;
" Captain Prater and the Sea Fencibles were at the batteries the
" whole of a very severe night; the neighbouring companies
" were also in a state of preparation. The loyalty of each
" corps cannot be too much applauded, and the anxiety to meet
" the enemy could not be exceeded by any regular troops.
" About seven in the morning intelligence was received that a
" mistake had been made at the signal house."
Was this an " exercise " ?
Sanbsfoot Caetle, HQe^moutb.
By W. C. NORMAN.
(Read December 9th, 1919.)
HAVE recently read with considerable interest
T. B. Groves's "Note on Sandsfoot Castle," which
appeared in Vol. III. (pages 20, &c.) of the
Proceedings of our Club. This to a great extent is
accounted for by the fact that my school days were spent at
Weymouth, and naturally I was well acquainted with this ruin.
For this reason, and because of what is related further on,
I thought I might, without presumption, add a few remarks
on the subject.
My earliest recollection of the Castle reaches back to a
period of over 60 years, and is, that it was then on the edge of
the cliff. Indeed, most of the gun-room was gone, and its
south-eastern and south-western walls projected over it
considerably, as a result of being undermined by the disinte-
grating- action of the sea.
At this time there was no way round the Castle and the sea
cliff outside it, except the dangerous one of climbing round the
overhanging ruins, which afforded a very precarious foothold,
and from which to the rocks below was a sheer drop of 40 feet.
There was a large fall of masonry from the south-front in
1835, and there have been others at various times since.
SANDSFOOT CASTLE. 35
I will briefly refer to Mr. Groves's remarks in passing.
From a plan of Sandsfoot Castle dated 1789 (in my possession)
and which I was, many years ago, (by the courtesy of an
official) allowed to copy from one in the War Department
Office, on Bincleeves, the dimensions of the Castle are there
given as : length, 100 feet; width, 50 feet.
The east, north and west sides still have the protection of
the ditch and rampart, and it is fair to assume that similar
works defended the south side; but all traces of these must
have been obliterated more than 70 years ago, by the occasional
subsidence of the cliff into the sea.
That the opening in the east rampart was a gateway or
entrance is, I think, open to grave doubts. On a map and
plan of the Castle which I saw more than 50 years ago, and
which was then in the keeping of the War Department at
their Office on the Bincleeves, that opening is described as
being a magazine. Years ago there reposed in the ditch,
directly behind the so-called " gateway," a massive door jamb
of stone. The upper end of the jamb was turned, so as to form
half of the head of a semi-circular door arch. When the
corresponding jamb was in position it would accommodate a
door measuring 3ft. by 4ft. 6in. in the rabbet formed for this
purpose. A door of this size, although suitable for a magazine,
would be totally inadequate for the general purposes of the
Castle. When I last saw this jamb, it had fallen from the
ditch on to the undercliff below. I searched for it in June,
1918, but could not find it. Possibly it was hidden by the
rank growth of weeds, or had sunk in the soft earth.
The grooves in which the portcullis moved are clearly in
view, also the stone stairway leading to the chamber (over the
main entrance) in which was the machinery used for raising or
lowering this.
There were two entrances to the cellars, one at the north-
east angle of the Castle, the other a few yards to the south
of this.
36 SANDSFOOT CASTLE.
When a school-boy, I, with three boy friends, resolved to
clear the steps of the last- mentioned entrance from the earth
which, in the course of very many years, had accumulated
there. We devoted a half holiday to the object. We began
at the top, and had nearly reached the bottom, when I found a
small coin, which proved to be a Rose farthing of Charles I.,
1635. This type is similar to the Harringtons', the difference
being, that these bore the Rose on the reverse, in lieu of the
Harp, which distinguishes the Harringtons'.
It is evident that the old map showed the Castle as it was at
some early date of its history, and not as it stood in 1859; as, at
this time, not only had the rampart, ditch and intervening
land between them and the Castle entirely disappeared, but
also a considerable portion of the building itself had fallen
into the sea.
As I was one of the school-boys referred to in Mr. Groves's
paper (Vol. III., p. 23) I feel quite qualified to give a few details
relating to the finding of the stone shot.
About the year 1855 I was walking, with two other boys,
on the sea-shore under Sandsfoot Castle, when we " spotted "
the opening of a drain which a fall of the cliff had brought to
view. It was directly under the south-west angle of the Castle,
and about 30 feet above the shore. The opening was almost
closed with earth. We had a strong desire to investigate ;
but how ? It was not an easy matter at that time, as the cliff
was then nearly perpendicular. I was deputed to make the
ascent, and, by the aid of my pocket-knife and a pointed piece
of wood, footholes were cut in the face of the cliff, and the
upward journey began. At length I reached the drain, and
cleared its mouth. Inspection revealed the fact that its bottom
was covered by a few inches of earth, and that it extended
about six or eight feet in a direct line, when it appeared to be
choked by fallen masonry. This ended the first introduction
to the drain; but we arranged to pay it daily visits in order to
carry on the work, and, in order not to interfere with our
school duties, these visits had to be made in the early morning.
So, for some time, we rose with the lark, and reached the
SANDSFOOT CASTLE. 37
scene of operations at 7 a.m. This gave just an hour for work,
before we had to start for home, breakfast, and school. As
our operations were carried on in semi-darkness, lying prone,
and in a very confined space, our progress was not rapid.
The earth had to be loosened and scraped forward; then the
worker wriggled backwards, drawing the earth forwards until
the outlet of the drain was reached, when the result was sent
over the cliff. As the clearing progressed, the one working
in the drain was occasionally quite hidden from view. One
morning, when I was at work, and nearing the obstacle, I
came upon something which for a time defied my efforts to
remove it; but at last I loosened it, and took it from its bed,
where it had probably been resting for centuries. I wriggled
back to daylight with my unknown prize, when it was seen
that it was a hollow cylinder of iron, open at one end, and
closed at the other. There was a handle on one side. What it
was I knew not then; but the heavy burden was cheerfully
borne as, with light hearts, we trudged back to breakfast.
Another visit sufficed to clear the floor of the drain of
accumulated earth and rubble, and to enable us to see clearly
the nature of the obstruction. I should state that in the roof of
the drain and about six feet from the outlet, a perpendicular
drain joined it; and down this had fallen a rectangular piece of
stone measuring about 2 feet x lOin. x lOin., which was firmly
jammed at the angle formed by the junction of the perpendicular
and horizontal drains. To remove this was both difficult and
dangerous. The working space was cramped; the prone
position of the operator most uncomfortable. Moreover there
was the knowledge that when the obstruction moved it would
come with a rush ; and then it would be a case of stand clear, or
be crushed. The obstruction was at length removed without
mishap, and when it came down into the drain, I found to my
great joy, that three stone shots, which had lodged behind it,
were now released. These I drew towards me, and wriggled
back to the outlet with them. They were received with shouts
of joy by my companions. The spoil was easily divided, as we
38
SAXDSFOOT CASTLE.
each took one. We were a happy trio as we wended our way
homewards.
A few years later I found an iron shot, about Sin. diameter,
18 inches beneath the surface of the gun-room floor.
Some years after this, when visiting the Tower of London,
I found that the iron cylinder was a breech chamber of a
15th Century cannon in which the charge of powder was placed.
It was then inserted in an aperture in the cannon and pressed
forward in the direction of the muzzle, and secured in this
position by a bar of iron which passed through holes in the sides
of the gun and rested against the end of the chamber, thus
preventing it from moving. There was a touch hole in the
chamber. The shot was then inserted in the muzzle and
rammed home, and the gun was ready for action.
Formerly there was a tradition that when Henry VIII. built
Sandsfoot Castle, he used some of the material which he
obtained from Bindon Abbey (which, like so many other religious
houses, fell a victim to his rapacity) for its construction; but
there appears to be no proof of this. However, a close
inspection of the Castle walls show that there are, among the
rubble, many fragments of worked and carved stone, including
two archaic corbel heads which evidently came from some
ecclesiastical building. This appears to give a little colour to the
report; but it is too slight for anything but the merest conjecture.
My three " finds " at Sandsfoot Castle referred to in the
foregoing pages, viz., the breech-chamber, stone shot and iron
ball, are in the Dorset County Museum.
In writing the above I merely desired to place on record
circumstances which are in my personal knowledge, and which
otherwise might have been lost sight of.
Since this paper was written I have received information from the Royal
United Services' Institution, Whitehall, to the effect that this early breech-
loading weapon, known as the cannon pierricr, was much used in the early
part of the Sixteenth Century for throwing stone shot from small castles.
The accompanying sketch, from a drawing by Grosse, in the Royal United
Services' Institute shows the progress of loading the cannon pierrier. The
small stone or iron balls were apparently inserted at the breech. (See
middle gun).
The large stone balls, 6in. diameter, which we found, would be used not
in a picrricr, but in a howitzer.
Some l& 3nns of Wimborne,
By E. KAYE Le FLEMING,
(Read 17th February, 1920).
|F it be true that the history of England is written
on the walls of its parish churches, may we
not also claim that much of the same history has
been developed in its inns ? For in most towns
it was in the large market-room of some leading inn that
most foregatherings of public import were held. From
the antiquarian point of view, Wimborne has been lucky in
that the railway never reached the old town proper. In the
first Post Office Directory, 1848, we are told that Wimborne is
situated half a mile from the station on the Southampton to
Dorchester railway. The town grew towards the railway, and
new buildings, instead of displacing old ones, sprang up in the
direction of the new station. While we still have some of the
old inns standing where they have stood for centuries, it may
be worth while putting on record some of the interesting
points in their history.
THE GEORGE INN
From the antiquarian point of view, there can be no
hesitation in assigning pride of place to the " George Inn,"
40 OLD INNS OF WIMBORNE.
situated on the south side of the little Corn Market, which
was once the square and centre of the town. It may not
be out of place here to remind those who only know
modern Wimborne, that the present square was fully occupied
up till about 1800 by the King's Chapel of St. Peter,
and the burial ground surrounding it, also that the streets,
narrow as they are now, have been widened in various places
from time to time, so that the only place that could accommodate
a crowd was the Corn Market, even the Church-yard close by
having a row of cottages standing on the north and east sides.
Opposite the Inn, in the sixteenth century, stood the Guildhall,
on the site now occupied by the Friendly Societies' Hall, and
the Guild of Clothworkers had their Chapel in the North Choir
Aisle of the Minster dedicated to their patron Saint St. George.
There are many entries in the Churchwardens' accounts referring
to the Guild and Guildhall. Rent was paid to the Church-
wardens not only for the Hall itself, but for the use of weights
kept there for weighing wool and yarn. There can be little
doubt that the " George Inn " derives its name from the patron
Saint of the Guild.
The earliest item we can find refers to
" Rent of a garden behind the ' George ' 12d in 1524;"
and in the same year the entry
" Received of an hermyt that died at the ' George ' for a
grave. vis. viiid."
gives a delightful stimulus to the imagination.
In 1585 the " Comyssenors " of Edward VI. came to Wim-
borne to take inventories of the Church goods ; and the
following entries from the Churchwardens' accounts bear
reference to their entertainment.
It pd. " to Master Phyllypes to desyre hym for to hellpe us
make ye invytory for ye cherche goods " 20/-.
"fore ye comyssenors dener at Duyes" (Deweys) 15/-.
" for alle ther dener yt dyde hellpe them to make ye ynvytory "
2s. lid.
"for 5 quarts of \vvne and sawg (sugar perhaps) at Mr.
Lovell's for ye comyssernes."
OLD INNS OF WIMBORNE. 41
" For wyne at ye George " 8d.
Of Mr. Lovell we only know that he was a " gent" and had
charge of the Church plate.
There is some ground for the conjecture that the Com-
missioners were accommodated at the " George " during their
stay.
In 1663 there is a record of a Church rate for "repayring of
the Parish Church and Organ of Wimborne Minster." " Mr.
Lewer for the George 00. 10. 06."
In 1693 " pd. for officials and other dinners and expenses at
the George 01. 09. 00." This refers to the annual dinner, the
"Visitation " dinner of later years, when the official or head of
the Peculiar Court (appointed by the 12 Church Governors)
with the governing body, Churchwardens and Sidesmen, dined
together at the expense of the parish. We shall have occasion
to refer to this custom later.
In 1736 there was "pd. Leonard Martin expenses at last
Visitation at the ' George Inn ' for himself and two Sidesmen,
the small pox being near when the court was held. 5s."
Wimborne, as a Royal Peculiar, was outside the jurisdiction
of the Bishop; but there was an arrangement by which the
Bishop (of Bristol) " visited " once a year. The consistory
court was held in the west end of the north aisle of the nave,
which would be but a few yards only from the garden of the
" George." The reference to small pox is interesting, and
might imply that Martin and his two colleagues were the
only members who cared to risk the infection for the sake of
the dinner.
In 1806 the annual vestry adjourned from the Church to the
"George," probably for better accommodation; and later a
portion of the garden of the "George" was taken into the
Churchyard to improve the access to the west door.
The "George" is now a comparatively humble inn, and
harbours " hermyts " who are lodgers of another type to the
one previously mentioned. It is a small but interesting
42 OLD INNfS OF WtMBORXE.
building, and the side which forms part of the west boundary
of the Churchyard adds its share to the picturesque view from
the High Street.
Almost adjoining the "George" on the west side of
the Corn Market stands the " White Hart," a low two-storied
building of considerable age. From its position we may
surmise that its history goes back a long way; but I have been
unable to find it mentioned by name in old records. It is
probable that the " White Horse " mentioned in a Church rate
of 1663 refers to this inn. If so, it was the third in importance
in the parish, ranking after the " Crown " and the " George."
The rooms in this inn are both numerous and quaint. The
bar parlour, which used to contain high-backed seats on each
side of the open fire, has a heavy beam supporting the ceiling.
Where this runs over the windows it is supported from below
by a square iron bar let into the window sill. To this massive
iron bar, tradition relates, the Parish Beadle used to handcuff
offenders who were waiting their turn to serve their sentences
in the stocks outside. (The stocks themselves, in a fair state
of preservation, are in the possession of the Lord of the Manor,
at Dean's Court). In the north-west corner of the Corn
Market stands a very old pair of cottages, which formerly as
one building constituted the " Greyhound Inn." The central
brick chimney-stack and the view of the building from the
garden behind are worth noting, as the days of this structure
are numbered. The late Mr. Symonds showed me the title
deeds of this inn of 1643. Early in the 19th Century the
business of the inn was removed to Cheapside, where in 1833
the business was bought outright by Mrs. Jeremiah Gasser and
converted into a china and glass shop. The business was
carried on by her daughter, Miss Gasser, till a few years ago,
when, at her decease, Messrs. W T . and M. Kerridge established
themselves there as silversmiths and watchmakers.
Passing down the narrow Cook's Row (the name of the
street can be traced back to 1363) to the High Street, and
turning towards the Square, we notice the "Albion Inn" on
our right. This is an insignificant remainder of the " New Inn,"
OLD INNS OF \VIM BORNE. 43
once the most famous coaching inn of the town. A casual
glance is sufficient to show that the " Albion," the bookseller's
shop (Riley), and Gush's well-known pastry-cook's and confect-
ioner's premises, are all part of a single large building of red
brick covered with painted stucco, with a fine roof and
chimney-stack. The inside premises of each and all of the
three parts are worth inspection, especially for the fine stair-
case and attics in the "Albion," and the fine old panelled
room on the first floor of the confectioner's ; but particularly
interesting is the view from the back, obtained by passing
under the arch to the stable regions. Here the fine colour of
the old red brick in its many angles and projections, the heavy
roof and quaint windows, and the unmistakable unity of the
whole building is seen to the best advantage.
Robert Higden, a well-known benefactor to the Minster and
parish of Wimborne, in his will of 1681, bequeathes " All that
messuage and tenements and bowling green called and
knowne by the name of the New Inn " to his son of the same
name. The name suggests a possibility of a previous inn of
another name on the same spot, and also gives the approximate
date of the present building. Until the middle of the 18th
Century the room on the first floor was the principal meeting
place in the town, although the new Friendly Societies' Hall
in the Corn Market was then in existence. Here the Magistrates
held their sittings ; and on June 1st, 1756, the first meeting of
the Poole Turnpike Trustees took place to administer the Act,
with Humphrey Sturt in the chair, and such familiar names as
Hanham, Bankes, Churchill, Erie Drax, Dugdale, Pitt, Pickard,
Portman, Trenchard and Templeman among the original
trustees. For the next 100 years the meetings of the trustees
took place alternately here or at the " Antelope Inn," Poole.
In 1850-51 the room was used as a school, while the present
school was being re-built. In the large room now used as
printing offices was held the weekly corn market. In January,
1838, the body of Lord Eldon of Corfe was brought on a
hearse by stages from London, and lay in state in the room
now a branch Post Office. The late W. Symmonds, who
44 OLD IXXS OF \VIMBORNE.
died in December last, has told me the room was draped in black,
and mutes with white wands guarded the coffin, while the
townspeople were allowed to walk in and gaze at the features of
the corpse through a glass window in the coffin. Another old
resident's grandmother, who lived to the ripe age of 103, saw
George III. drive under the arch in his coach, en route to
Weymouth. The stabling in the yard, now mostly used for
other purposes, must often have accommodated 30 or 40 horses.
Before leaving this inn we must not forget to mention the fine
old Seventeenth Century ironwork which supports the degen-
erate signboard of the " Albion."
The present Church House stands on the site of another old
inn of interest. Mary Gundry, in her will dated 1617, left
among other bequests, to the Minister and poor of Wimborne,
a house and tenement called the " Angell Inn." In a memor-
andum of Church property, 1663, we read that " Peter Cox
holdeth one tenement, being the sign of the Angle adjoining
to the Churchyard at the east end thereof." Soon after this
date the name was changed to the " Swan." Among the
earliest records of the Churchwardens in 1403 and for the
next 200 years we read of the revenue received from Church
Ales, and many accounts of the brewing gear belonging to the
Church, which was let out at a yearly rental to parishioners.
From this custom, the arrangement by which any workman
employed about the Minster was entitled to free beer was
derived, a custom moreover continued long after the Church
gave up its brewing interest. Indeed, up to 1860 at least,
the Churchwardens provided beer at the expense of the
parish to those who helped in putting out fires in the town.
It is therefore probable that the beer was often obtained from
the " Angell " or " Swan " by reason of its proximity to the
Minster, and as the claim of a tenant of the Churchwardens
for such custom as they had to dispose of.
The following extracts from the accounts may be given as
examples :
" 1588 a firkin of " beere " for ye ringers on ye Queene day."
" 1642 Beere on powder treason day for the ringers 2s."
OLD INNS OF WIMBORNE. 45
" 1664 Beere for the masons and the ringers to try the
tower 14d."
" Beere to the ringers for a peale to see if the tower shook Is."
It appears from the accounts that at this time the Church-
wardens were much exercised as to the safety of the west tower
which contained the belfry.
We may feel confident that Mary Gundry would be well
pleased to see the use to which her bequest has been put,
in the handsome and appropriate Church House which now
replaces the " Angell Inn."
In the present Square stand two inns, now dignified with
the style and title of ' Hotel'
The " Crown Inn" bearing its interesting old sign a large
wooden crown suspended from an ornamental iron bracket
and the "King's Head," which was a picturesque two-storied
red brick building till about 40 years ago, when another story
was added and the old building incorporated in the new, and
the front covered up with stucco.
We find the " Crown " mentioned in a Church rate levied
in 1664, for the purpose of buying a new organ for the
Minster. Doubtless the damage done to the existing organ by
Cromwell's soldiers, who tore down the organ pipes to procure
metal for their bullets, was the main reason for the new organ.
The amount of the new rate was 1 16s. Od., and, compared
with 10/6 levied on the " George," shows the relative importance
of the two inns.
The earliest mention of the " King's Head " is as follows
" 1726. A payment of 2/6 for tolling the great bell for a
stranger that died at the King's Head."
There are various records of public meetings at both inns.
The " Crown Inn " has the distinction of being the last inn
connected with coaching. In the Post Office Directory of
1858 we find the one and only coach, the " Gem," from
Blandford, running daily between the towns chiefly to connect
Blandford with the railway at Wimborne.
On the north side of the Square the greater part of the
present town lies within the old Borough of Wimborne. The
46 OLD INN'S OF WIMBORNF.
Borough was a separate manor incorporated with that of
Kingston Lacy and separate from the Manor of the Town,
which formerly belonged to the Deans, and now does to the
owners of Dean's Court. In this large area there is only one
inn, a great contrast to the large number in the town proper.
In the middle of the west side of the East Borough stands an
uninteresting modern inn, with the equally uninteresting name,
to wit
" THE SMITH'S ARMS."
The " Smith's Arms" was erected in 1864, on the site of an
old thatched inn which was destroyed by fire and bore the
sign of the " Silent Woman." This title is considered by some
authorities to be derived from the Headless or Heedless virgin
or woman.* The old signboard of this inn, like many others
of the same title, bore the picture of a female form without a
head. This inn, being the only one in the Borough, was
naturally the centre of the affairs thereof, and we find that as
late as October, 1886, the Court Leet of the Borough was held
there with its accustomed business of election of Jury, Bailiffs,
Aletasters and Hayward the presentation of non-attendants,
owners of pigs that strayed in the Borough without ring or
yoke, and offenders who deposited rubbish on the highway. The
inaccessibility of the records of this manor prevents the tracing
back of this inn's history, which is doubtless of considerable
antiquity. It is worth recording here that while Hutchins traces
the history of 'the Borough of Wimborne to the beginning of
the 15th Century, there are several deeds of property in the
Minster archives which mention the Borough as far back as
1273 and subsequent years.
*The Sign of a headless man, or woman, bearing to-day such
designations as ''The honest lawyer," or a The silent woman," were
originally pictures of saints, such as St. Denys (represented in art as a
bishop, holding his head in his hands), or St. Noyala, of Brittany, or the
Cornish saint, St. Jutwara, whose body was translated to Sherborne Abbey
about 700 A.D. Is there not still the inn sign " Ye Quiet Woman " at
Halstock ? EDITOR.
OLD INNS OF WIMBORNE. 47
On the south-east corner of the Church-yard, the modern
shop front of a furniture store hides the main body of an old
building which \vas once an Inn of the name " Catherine Wheel."
It appears thus in the title deeds of 1703, and its name recalls
that of St. Catherine's Chapel, which once stood on the land
still called St. Catherine's, situated south of Eastbrook bridge.
By 1800 the inn had become a barber's shop (noted for a lady
barber of reputed attractions); and a little higher up on the
other side of the road we find the " Mail Coach Inn," at the
corner of Chantry Lane. The " Mail Coach " is now no
longer an inn, but is remembered as such by old inhabitants.
The house bears the date 1706. As mail coaches did not
exist till 1784, we may surmise that the " Catherine Wheel "
was the predecessor of the " Mail Coach," and that the business
of the former was transferred across the road to the " Mail
Coach " about the beginning of the Nineteenth Century.
Retracing our steps to the Minster we find, in Cheapside, a
little below the Church House, " The Bell Inn." We have no
record of this Inn earlier than 1801, when it goes by the name
of the " Old Bell;" but the name, and its close proximity to the
Minster and its famous bells, warrants us as recording it as
an old inn. In the 500 odd years of Churchwardens' accounts
there are many interesting items concerning the bells, and in
1629-30 the great bell was taken down and re-cast in Henry
Allen's garden near the Church, by Anthony Bond the bell-
founder. That an inn of this name and in close proximity to
the Minster, existed in those times seems highly probable.
The only other inn which I shall refer to in this paper is one
that stood near the Eastbrook bridge and was called the
" King's Anns." The premises are now in use as a cycle shop
and motor engineering business, carried on by Mr. F. King.
Old inhabitants remember this as a coaching inn, and doubt-
less coaches taking the Ringwood, Wimborne, and Poole route,
would be glad to avoid the narrow winding streets of the
town by stopping here, their nearest point of call.
In 1601 mentioned as belonging to Robert Higdenin his will.
In 1703, Robert Temple raised a mortgage of 80 on the
48 OLD INNS OF WIMBORNE.
house, etc., " in a streate commonly called ' Slugg Lane '
known by the name of ' King's Arms.' " The road from
Eastbrook bridge into the town is now known as East Street.
Doubtless " Slugg Lane " was a not undeserved title to a narrow
street always wet by reason of its protection from sun and
wind and then lying some feet lower than it does now. There
is a good market-room on the first floor of this inn, and in the
smuggling days it was the head-quarters of the local excise
and preventive men.
Perhaps I may add the particulars of a Visitation Dinner
held here on July 31st, 1829 the receipted bill for which is
among the records of the Churchwardens.
The items run as follows
s. d.
For dinners for 25 at 5/- each ... 650
Beer, Porter and Cider 90
13 bottles of Port at 5/- 350
10 bottles of Sherry at 5/- ... ... 2 10
3 bottles of 6/- 18
Dessert 330
17 18
Servants dinner for 12 ... ... 140
10 bowls of Punch at 5/ 2 10
21 12
As these dinners were paid for out of the Church Funds, we
can understand the pressure of public opinion, which, ten
years later, led to an action by the Attorney General against
some of the Governing Body, and the establishment of a more
rigid control over the finances of the Church; and it is, I hope,
needless to state that Visitation Dinners have long been dis-
continued. In conclusion I would make it clear that this paper
is by no means exhaustive of the " Inns of Wimborne," and
still less of the inns which might now be reckoned as in
Wimborne, but which one hundred years ago were wholly
outside the town.
a glimpse of We^moutb ant) the
1802*3.
By the Rev. W. OWEN COCKCRAFT.
(Read 17th February, 1920).
HE pages of an old record of Naval Officers'
Services would at first sight not seem likely to
afford a glimpse of Weymouth at the opening of
the war with Napoleon. But the troubles of
Captain George Wolfe, as recorded in the pages of Marshall's
Naval Biography, do give us some view of Old Weymouth and
its people of that day. Captain Wolfe was appointed in
December, 1802, to the new-built frigate Aigle. Then, for his
sins, the unfortunate man was sent, of all places, to Portland,
and, of all services, to impress seamen and raise volunteers for
the Navy ! Captain Wolfe, good easy man, seems, however,
to have had some inkling of what all this meant; for, on
anchoring in Portland . Roads, he went ashore and saw the
Mayor of Weymouth in order to secure his assistance and
support. The arrival of the frigate in the Roads seems to
have caused an immediate alarm; for the mayor informs the
captain that the seamen of the port had, to avoid impressment,
got the quarrymen from Portland ready to help them to resist
50 WEYMOUTH AND THE WAR, 1802-3.
any attempt to press them to serve on board his fine frigate.
The information proved correct. The hornets' nest was soon
astir and humming. For the press gangs sent on shore were
waited for, and attacked, and driven off Weymouth Quay into
their boats in confusion. Captain Wolfe now feels he must
make a strong and decided effort. At four in the afternoon of
April 1st, 1803, let us note the significant date he lands on
the beach foreshore where the stone breakwater pier was
afterward built. Scarcely had he landed when a crowd of
seamen of the port fires upon his party. The fierce fight that
ensued may be imagined ! At first the navymeri are succesful.
Two prisoners are made, whose names are Porter and Way,
the one armed with a poker, the other with a reaping-hook.
The crowd runs off to take safety in Portland with their friends
whose assistance they were expecting. And sure enough a
very formidable mob of nearly 300 men from Portland arrives.
They are armed with muskets, pistols and cutlasses, spoils
from the wreck of a number of transports that had been
driven ashore in the heavy gales some seven years before in
Portland Road. The unfortunate fifty from the Aigle were
attacked with fury, 16 or 17 being seriously wounded, nine of
these having afterwards to be discharged from the service in
consequence of the severe injuries received. Captain Wolfe
himself seems to have been brutally knocked about, and would
have nearly lost his life, had it not been for one of his seamen,
a quartermaster named John Manning, whose cutlass was
broken in parrying a blow at the Captain's head. This
unfortunate officer seems to have refrained from serious
retaliation as long as he possibly could. But at last, in
consideration for the safety of his party, he gives the marines
the order to fire. Four of the mob were killed, the rest
bolting in such panic, "with such precipitation," the story says,
"that only three could be secured." It must have been a very
battered party that took themselves and their wounded back
to the frigate. The Captain was clearly apprehensive of
serious trouble, for his first act was to send one of his lieutenants
in haste to post up and make report of the happening to the
WEYMOUTH AND THE WAR, 1802-3. 51
Admiralty. Trouble soon came. The lieutenant was seized
on landing along with the midshipman of the boat by a Wey-
mouth mob, who dragged them before the Mayor. Terrorized
by the mob, the Mayor signs the committal of the two officers
to Dorchester Gaol on a charge of wilful murder of the four
men who had been shot in the riot a few hours before.
The authorities further yielded to the feeling of the mob by
holding an immediate inquest on the four men, the Coroner
agreeing to a verdict of murder against Captain Wolfe,
Lieutenant Francis Hastings, Lieutenant Jeffrey of the Marines,
and Mr. John Fortescue Morgan, Midshipman. Here then,
with the French already molesting our shipping in the Channel,
and only some weeks before war was formally declared, on
May 18th, 1803, and while a formidable army, that of the
Rhine, under General Moreau, was known to be preparing for
a possible invasion, in the face of much national danger, one
of our ships of war is held up by a factious charge instigated
by a turbulent mob. The four officers indicted seem to have
been all lodged in Dorchester Gaol for trial at the Summer
Assizes. But the publicity arising from the affair, and the
quick coming of war, appear to have worked some measure of
common-sense and moderation. The four prisoners would
seem, on the outbreak of war, to have been permitted
to rejoin their ship on bail until the assizes came on. The
unfortunate Captain Wolfe received some solace for his troubles
by his capture during this interim of a very rich prize.
Cruising in the Channel he took no less than six homeward-
bound and therefore richly laden French West Indiamen.
The subsequent trial ended in the complete acquittal of all the
accused, the jury sensibly agreeing that the four parties indited
had acted in self-defence, The chief fact this glimpse of the
past gives us, is the extreme lawlessness of the district. The
mob gathers rapidly, is dangerous and dominant. Its power
is seen in the extreme subservience of the authorities. The
Mayor of Weymouth, though anxious to run with the naval
hare, is still more desirous of hunting with the hounds of the
Portland and Weymouth mobs. He makes promises to
52 WEYMOUTH AND THE WAR, 1802-3.
Captain Wolfe and agrees to furnish him with "a sufficient
number of constables to assist him and preserve order," to
quote the narrative. Evidently the worthy naval officer, thus
assured, hoped to arrange everything quietly and peacefully. But
when he lands, the only constables he finds are two special
constables who are urging on the Portland mob! The Mayor
stands aside and lets the lawless element do what it will, and
does not dare to refuse to commit the men who fall into its
hands. In fact, as a Weymouth man, he has more sympathy
with the populace than with outer authorities, and probably
had some little local axes of his own to grind and sharpen as
well. At any rate there is some suggestion of this in the
comment the Author makes in a final foot-note. " We should
here state that the Court acquainted Captain Wolfe that he
had done wrong in communicating with the Mayor of Wey-
mouth when acting under an order from the King in Council."
In like fashion to the Mayor's conduct is that of the Coroner,
who told Captain Wolfe that his verdict of wilful murder " was
given in consequence of his dreading the resentment of the
populace had he acted more leniently." And he seems to say
this as a matter of course, feeling sure Captain Wolfe would
understand how very natural his behaviour was ! The whole
neighbourhood, the Isle of Portland, Weymouth, Wyke,
Rodwell and the coast villages near, all are concerned with the
"free trade," in wrecking, and, now war was coming, with
the fitting out of privateers. And everyone concerned is
deterniined he will not be interfered with in these paying
pursuits. And here emerge two other facts the strong vested
interests of the neighbourhood, and the keen eye to private
advantage of the local people. The Coroner, whose apology
to Captain Wolfe I have mentioned, seems to have hurried on
board the Aigle after returning his verdict against four of her
officers, to solicit his employment by them in making their
affidavits in defence ! This because he had heard that another
local attorney had been engaged by them ! Similarly a
Weymouth surgeon "waited upon Captain Wolfe and solicited
him to entrust the Aigle's wounded to his care, stating that he
WEYMOUTH AND THE WAR, 1802-3. 53
had had the charge of all the sick men belonging to the Navy
who had come into Portland Road during the late war ; and if
Captain Wolfe would comply with his request, he should be
able to obtain a renewal of his former contract." It is not to
be wondered at that by this time Captain Wolfe seems to have
felt that he had better have as little to do with Weymouth
folk as possible, and consequently refused. Anyhow, at the
trial, this surgeon appeared as a hostile witness, and on the
trial morning stated that a young girl who had been fatally
wounded in the riot of April 1st "had declared to him before
her death that she had been shot by Captain Wolfe." " The
Grand Jury rejected his evidence in toto." This girl, it appears,
was the sister of James Way, one of the two men impressed
by the Aigle's party. The Captain, on learning this, released the
man and sent two guineas to procure necessaries for the girl.
This produced an application from the father for a further five
guineas to pay the Surgeon's bill. This surgeon was the same
who had so eagerly solicited the Captain's employment.
When asked at the trial why he did not mention the girl's
statement when visiting the Captain, he replied that she did
not make the declaration till three weeks after. These instances
illustrate the tone of the people at large. The Weymouth of
that date was a small port containing a number of locally
owned and built small coasting craft, doing a lucrative trade
sometimes to the Mediterranean, but especially as colliers
which plied between Weymouth and Sunderland. In war-
time they boldly kept the sea, fought their way back and forth,
and made excellent freights. The same family often built,
owned, manned, and made a comfortable living out of, the
same craft. They did not want their seamen taken off, and their
trade hindered, by the Navy. The more adventurous built and
fitted out vessels for privateering. These hated the idea of
impressment more bitterly still. The fishing population also
infinitely preferred the often excellent profits of smuggling,
and. the then well-paying fishing, to being forced on board a
man-o'-war to endure the hardships and injustices such as
caused the mutinies of 1797.
54 WEYMOUTH AND THE WAR, 1802-3.
Patriotism, the danger and need of their country, then
entering on the life - and - death struggle with Napoleon, did
not appeal to them. Such considerations passed over their
heads in their remote corner of Dorset and then out-of-the-way
part of the Kingdom, removed as they were from wider national
interests and clinging tenaciously to their lawless pursuits. It
is not a pleasant glimpse we obtain. Let us be thankful that
later times afford a pleasanter, finer, more patriotic spectacle!
ftnbor Ibouses in 2>or0et t
AND THE
Contemporary Xife wttbin ftbem.
(Mansel-Pleydell Prize Essay for 1920).
By VERE L. OLIVER, F.S.A.
PERIOD.
HE period under consideration ranges historically
from 1485 to 1603, while the throne was occupied
by the five Tudor sovereigns, viz.: Henry VII,
Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary and Elizabeth.
From an architectural point of view, however, 1450 should
be taken as the date when the style first commenced; and there
was occasional survival through the reign of James I.
HISTORICAL.
With the termination of the Wars of the Roses, and the
accession of Henry VII, the country became more settled, though
that war did not touch Dorset. The great feudal families
having been almost exterminated by civil strife, new men
sprang into prominence, wealth accumulated, and the founding
of new families led to a demand for additional houses of a
more commodious character. Many charming manor houses
56 TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET.
date from this early Tudor period, which commenced in the
middle of the fifteenth century, and lasted until about 1540.
Athelhampton, Wolfeton and Forde are the best examples
in our county. The style was eminently indigenous, our
isolated position tending to stamp our architecture with special
national characteristics, unlike anything on the continent.
Henry VIII, having inherited the enormous wealth (1,800,000)
accumulated by his father, was in a position to indulge his
taste for splendour and magnificence. The sale of confiscated
church lands in 1535-40 also brought in sums equal to
15,000,000 of our time. The King invited over foreign
artists and workmen, who, bringing with them the new style
of the Italian and French Renaissance, were employed in
erecting his numerous palaces, and the large mansions of the
nobility.
The first work was the tomb of Henry VII in Westminster
Abbey in 1516. Screens in Winchester Cathedral 1525, St.
Cross 1528, the Salisbury Chantry in Christ Church 1529, all
visited by our club, are strongly Italian in their carving. The
octagonal S.E. tower at Laycock Abbey and the stone tables
and tiles are dated 1540-53. At Bingham's Melcombe is a
charming gable of mixed English and Italian detail. It must
be recollected that the old style went out of use gradually, not
suddenly. With the close of the first half of the century we
come to the end of the pronounced Italian and French detail.
In the second half Dutch influence prevailed, and strap work,
fruit, foliage, cartouches and caryatides were freely displayed.
The smaller houses of the country gentry continued to be
erected by local masons and builders, in the old traditional
English style, the foreign fashion being more slowly adopted.
In fact for many years the plan remained unchanged, only the
decorations exhibiting foreign influence.
The dissolution of the monasteries, having transferred some
of the best lands and possessions, at moderate prices, to
secular hands, led to a great development of domestic
architecture.
TUDOR HOUSES IX DORSET.
57
The monastic churches and living quarters were mostly
pulled down, with the exception of the tithe barns and farm
buildings ; and the ready-cut stones and ashlar were carted
away, to be used in the erection of new houses and cottages.
Each abbey unfortunately represented a veritable quarry.
And at this day one may notice their carved stones built
into some humble dwelling, as for example at Abbotsbury,
Sherborne, Bindon, Shaftesbury and Upcerne.
In exceptional cases the conventual buildings when in good
condition were retained, though altered and adapted as at
Forde Abbey.
PLAN.
In early mediaeval times the hall occupied the centre of the
house, with the buttery, pantry, kitchen and servants' quarters
at one end, and the family apartments at the other.
This simple plan seems to have been universal; but with the
advance of taste and luxury the wings were extended, brew-
house, bake-house, &c., added on one side, and parlours leading
out of the hall on the other. A chapel was often included,
and the courtyard enclosed, with entrance through a gate-house.
A second quadrangle for stabling and farm outhouses often
followed.
Such an extension was carried out in the reign of Henry VIII
at Parnham, though afterwards pulled down. y
Of the early complete plan there are scarcely any perfect
examples in the county, so one must look for such at Oxford,
Cambridge, Fulham, Hampton Court, St. Cross and Winchester.
At Athelhampton there were certainly two, if not three, such
quadrangles, but only two sides of one are now standing.
Herringston, built 1582, has lost its quadrangle, gateway and
chapel, and Wolfeton its quadrangle and chapel.
Kip's Views and Thorpe's Plans give an excellent idea of the
arrangement of various courts and enclosures.
These latter were essentially English, and found necessary
in our climate for giving shelter from the variable weather; but
eighteenth century landscape gardening and classical rebuilding
58 TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET.
swept them away. Most of the ground plans will be noticed
to be shaped like the letters H or H; but that has no
reference to King Henry or Queen Elizabeth, the fancied
resemblance being due to the central hall and extended wings.
The disposition of the smaller manor houses is well illustrated
by the plans of Melbury and Winterborne Anderson.
MATERIALS.
Our ancestors wisely used the nearest suitable material for
their homes, whether of timber, stone, chalk, flint or brick,
resulting in that toning and harmonising with their surroundings
which is so noticeable a feature.
Here in Dorset the great stone beds of oolite and lias, more
especially at Portland and Purbeck, with outcrops in the
north, provided all that was needed. Ham Hill stone from
Somerset, with its delightful warm tints, was also within easy
reach. Caen stone from across the Channel was mostly
reserved by the monks for interior church work. Carefully
selected chalk was also serviceable for the same purpose.
Flints from our downs provided a pleasing change, and when
properly laid, by the skilled descendants of neolithic workers,
were imperishable, and by their glistening surface afforded a
pleasing contrast, arranged in alternate layers or squares with
stones. The monastic barn at Liscombe is built of flint, stone
and large blocks of rock chalk. (D.F.C., XXVI, 5). The great
barn at Cerne Abbas is supposed to have had 125,000 flints,
each shaped by hand, used in its construction (Ibid, XXXIV,
p. xl). The roofs were covered with heavy split slabs of stone;
and as lichens and other plants covered them they became very
picturesque looking. The stones were carefully graded, the
smaller ones at the top and the larger below.
The squire was often his own clerk of the works, picked out
his timber and used the best materials. Mr. Moore built a
handsome house at Loseley, in Surrey, in 1561-69; and his
accounts, most minutely kept, have been preserved. Timber
was bought or given by neighbours and cut up in his saw pit.
TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET. 59
He made 120,000 bricks and tiles, burnt chalk into lime,
quarried and carted stone "digging stone att Waverlye (Abbey)
out of the rubbish." Total cost , 1 660. (A rchccologia xxxvi).
For humbler dwellings cob, consisting of a mash of clay,
chalk and straw, was used. When slowly built up its thick
walls of two feet, together with small windows and thick
thatch, rendered the cottage warm and cosy in winter and cool
in summer. The fireplace was roomy, with a roughly-trimmed
tree above the opening. The capacious chimney was used for
smoking hams; and a bread oven was constructed on one side.
The buttresses and chimneys were of stone.
EXTERIOR.
The older houses, although planned with certain attention to
symmetry, were very irregular in grouping, the roof being of
different heights, with lofty towers, turrets, gables and chim-
neys. The parapets were also corbelled out and battlemented.
The later houses were much more regular and formal, with
ballustraded roofs, terraces and arcades.
Down to the end of the fifteenth century the windows were
usually cusped, then became curved and finally square headed.
They were divided by mullions down to about 1530, the rooms
being low and the windows small, with only one row of lights.
This type, of which Purse Caunclle is a perfect specimen, was
very prevalent in Dorset. (S. iv, 289).
The great hall was usually lighted opposite the dais by a
bay window, an isolated commanding feature not occurring
elsewhere, springing from near the ground, and carried up in
the form of a turret, as at Athelhampton.
The other windows of the hall were kept up quite ten feet
from the ground. Oriels, a variety of the bay, were sometimes
used on an upper floor, corbelled out, of which very pleasing
examples are at Sherborne, Cerne and Clifton Maubank. Drip
stones were often present ; and the old string-courses were now
exchanged for the heavy classic cornice, and pilasters introduced.
Chimneys were most ornamental, twisted panelled or banded,
but became simpler in Elizabethan houses. A good twisted
60 TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET.
one is at Toller Fratrum. (Gotch, Early Renaissance A rchitcdure,
p. 127).
Gables were often curved, and from gable to gable extended
a solid balustraded parapet. Mapperton and Bingham's
Melcombe have each an early gable with angle shafts.
Turrets were an occasional feature; and roofs, instead of
being high pitched, were often flat leaded.
The pointed arch of the doorway was now flattened and
surrounded with a rectangular frame and the spandrils filled
with tracery. There is an early one in South Street, Dorchester.
A lofty protecting porch occupied the centre, the pilasters
and arch receiving much carving, classic statues and busts
being a favourite device.
In stone houses the quantity of the detail depended on the
hardness of the material, the harder the stone the plainer the
work.
CHAPEL.
The larger houses often included a domestic chapel, the
priest of which received a small stipend, fed with the house-
hold, and attended to the library if one existed, or helped
with the accounts. Such chapels were perhaps added as the
owner increased in wealth, or acquired rank and importance;
and they were built on one side of the courtyard and com-
municated with the lord's apartments.
In some cases the manor house stood adjacent to the parish
church, as at Hinton St. Mary, Radipole, Sandford Orcas,
Poxwell, Athelhampton, Hanford, Tolpuddle and many other
parishes. At Gorton, a Domesday manor, the free chapel
stands by itself a few yards from the house (illustrated before
restoration S. iv. 88). At Melplash the domestic chapel is now
the dairy (D.F.C., XXXII, p. xl.) Those at Clifton Maubank,
Herringston and Wolfeton no longer exist.
Woodsford had an oratory or chapel of which the piscina
is in situ. (Hutchins' Dorset, Vol. I, pp. 451-2).
GATEHOUSE.
This feature was universal in the courtyard type of house,
affording the only access over the moat by means of a draw-
TUDOR HOUSES IX DORSET. 61
bridge; but in early Tudor days the moat was no longer
necessary, though the gatehouse was still often retained as an
ornamental feature. A light portcullis was also used, and
massive oak gates hung, to ensure privacy and exclude beggars.
Most of our local examples have been pulled down, as at
Parnham and Athelhampton. At Wolfeton there is the
customary pair of towers with conical stone roofs of about
1590. At Cerne Abbas is a beautiful example with fine oriel
of two stories built in 1509; and at Forde there is a magnificent
one. At Sandforcl Orcas it is to one side of the house.
At Pokeswell we see the evolution of the gatehouse, for here
it has become merely an ornamental entrance to the forecourt.
It is a charming little brick structure with a diminutive upper
chamber dated 1634, later than the house. In Elizabethan
times the porter's lodge opened into the' base court, and later
stood by itself, and was adorned with much heraldic work.
TOWN HOUSES.
In the towns architecture experienced but little change.
The streets or lanes were narrow, with only width for one cart.
The houses were mostly of stone below, with half timber
above, each floor projecting on corbels or brackets beyond the
lower one, until at the top people could almost shake hands
across. Most of the old houses have been re-fronted; and it is
only by examining the interior that we discover groined cellars
and Elizabethan fire-places and ceilings. The wills of city
merchants give the best details of their furniture and fittings.
SANITATION.
In plans of the end of the sixteenth century the isolation of
garde-robes, or grouping of them together in separate towers,
as at Corfe Castle, was no longer carried out. In such castles
the ducts passed down in the thickness of the walls, either into
the open air or the basement of a tower.
Later the garde-robes were placed in large square projections,
on the face of the wall, on each floor.
62 TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET.
At Woodsford, in the beacon tower, is the original sink,
in the thickness of the wall; and adjoining, but walled off,
is a latrine. (Hutchins' Dorset, Vol. I. p. 453).
In 1542 it was laid down that the filth from the kitchen was
not to descend to the moat, which was to be kept clean by a
spring being conducted to it.
The provision of a good water supply being of the first
importance, a well was always sunk in every house, the water
being drawn up by the usual windlass and rope. Where a
good spring was within reach, tree pipes were often laid down
to conduct the water to the house.
GARDENS.
The Tudor gardens were treated as part of the design for
the house, the two harmoniously blending and producing a
homogeneous result. Very few perfect examples remain, the
eighteenth century craze for landscape gardening having swept
away the old enclosures.
A house court or fore court formed the approach to the
front door ; a balustraded terrace occupied another side,
overlooking the pleasure garden; and the vegetable, herb and
fruit gardens were walled in on the remaining sides.
The flower garden was of very simple design, usually
divided into four main plots, subdivided into smaller knots and
squares often railed with low trellis work. If water were
available, central fountains would be introduced ; and a
banqueting or garden house or gazebo was a constant feature.
Columns and pyramids, pergolas, arbours, pavilions, sun dials,
seats, statuary and tanks were the usual accessories. There
might be also a maze or labyrinth, a mount and bowling green.
Pleached trees formed shaded alleys ; and shrubs were clipped
into fantastic shapes, known as topiary work.
A great deal of woodwork was utilised for trellis and other
structures, which of course did not last many years.
At some ancient manor houses the sites of such gardens may
still be traced, by means of the old walls and yew hedges;
TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET. 63
but with the change of fashion during four centuries, there
have been so many re-arrangements that the original features
have become obliterated. At Athelhampton new gardens in
the Tudor style have been very skilfully laid out, which give a
good idea of their appearance.
DOVE COTE.
Pigeons were a useful addition to the larder, so that
"columbaria" are often included in ancient deeds. The
cote was usually of stone, square or octagonal, with a gabled
roof and a cupola at the top. The circular type, however,
seems to have prevailed in Dorset, as at Athelhampton (D.F.C.
XXXII, p. Iv.) and Melplash. In the centre of the interior
is a revolving ladder fixed so that it can be rotated for
examination of the broods in the square nesting holes
(Illustrated in Gardens Old and New I, 147). There are also
good examples at Godlingston (Hutchins 1 1, 669), Clifton Maubank
(Ibid., IV, 425) and Bingham's Melcombe. At Woodsford the
second floor of the central eastern tower was used for pigeons,
the holes for nesting remaining in the wall above, though the
tower no longer exists (Ibid., I. 453). There was of course one
at Shaftesbury Abbey (Ibid., Ill, 37).
See a deed of 25 Eliz. at Marnhull (S. and D. N. & Q. VI, p.
169) and 37 Eliz. (Ibid. 254), when four pigeon cotes were at
Tolpuddle, though there is none there now. Later they were
introduced in the garden design, merely as an ornamental
feature. (See description of early one of 1326 in Ardicvologia
XXXI, p. 194).
FISH POND.
Fish pools ("stagna") and stews ('vivaria") contained fresh
fish for fast days, a welcome change from the diet of the salt
or dried sort. After the Reformation they fell into disuse or
became merged in the garden scheme. Bindon Abbey had
extensive ponds fed by the river Frome. (Plan in H. I, 353).
There were also some at Ower Moigne (D.F.C. , XXX, p. xlix).
64 TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET.
COXYGAR.
In a lease of 20 Henry VIII there was reference to
"pasture or fedying of 200 female conyes " At Parnham ten
acres were walled in for a warren. (Hutchins' II. 128). Friar
Mayne had a warren for conies. The name often survives though
its use has been forgotten, In Melcombe Regis is "Conygar
Lane" and near Came is "Conygar Hill."
GREAT HALL.
The hall was in early times the principal common room of
the house, the centre of family life, and varied in length from
about 30 to 60 feet with a proportional width. Athelhampton
38ft. by 21ft. 6ins. by 50ft. high. Forde 56ft. by 27ft.
It was entered from a porch at the end of one side, a
portion of the hall being cut off by a screen, to form a passage
through the house, from the front entrance to the back one
directly opposite. On the side of this passage, opposite the
screen, were doors opening into the kitchen, buttery, pantry,
&c., and in the screen itself were two openings into the hall
without doors.
At the far end of the hall was the dais, raised a step or two
above the floor, and lighted by a lofty window. Here the
family sat at meals, with their backs to the wall, behind a long
table standing transversely, a serving table being in the bay.
In the lower portion of the hall were trestle tables, set
lengthways, for retainers and servants. A door from the dais
used to lead to the cellar and solar over it and later to the
dining, parlour and withdrawing-room over it.
Above the screen, which was elaborately carved, was the
minstrels' gallery. On the walls \vas hung arras, with trophies
of the chase, arms, armour and portraits. Sometimes shields
of arms were painted showing the various matches. The stone
floor was daily strewn with fresh rushes.
TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET. 65
FIREPLACE.
The central hearth survived until the end of the fifteenth
century and even later, and a louvre in the roof was provided
for the escape of the smoke. In the newer style fireplaces
and flues were constructed in the walls and the louvre was
transformed into a lantern light. The late Perpendicular
chimney pieces were usually of stone, of some plain geometrical
design, as at Tolpuddle Vicarage (now in the Dorchester
Museum). They then became elaborate and ornate, and were
constructed of coloured marble, but more frequently of oak,
with twisted pillars or figures as at Wolfeton (Gotch p. 195).
In many of them panelled spaces above the fireplace were
filled in with shields of arms.
ROOF.
This was open, of oak or chestnut; and the massive stone
tiles rested on the rafters, which were supported on longitudinal
beams called purlins, these being carried by principals spanning
the hall from side to side, at intervals of about 12 feet, curved
braces or struts being fixed where necessary for support.
There are several varieties of such roofs, and one of the
most picturesque forms is the hammerbeam type, where the
main arch of the principal springs from a projecting piece of
timber, called the hammerbeam, which again is supported by
a curved strut, usually resting on a stone bracket in the wall.
WALLS.
The walls were often left bare, or covered with a thin layer
of plaster decorated with lines or simple patterns. Tapestry
or arras would then be hung, such hangings being carried
from house to house. Wainscoting or panelling with oak was
very general, the early panels being small and of the linen fold
pattern. W T ith the Renaissance were introduced, about 1540,
fantastic animals and human heads in circular frames, often
with curved ribs set back to back.
66 TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET.
After the hall fell into disuse, bedrooms were often con-
structed in the upper portion, as at Winterborne Tomson.
GALLERY.
In Elizabethan houses there were also on the first floor the
Great Chamber of State and Long Gallery, the latter a
characteristic feature which first came into fashion in 1540.
As this room was lighted all down one side, as well as at one
or both ends, it must have been extremely draughty and cold in
winter, and only suitable then for walking exercise.
CEILINGS.
These were unknown until late in the fifteenth century.
Before then the under side of the upper floors was divided
into large deeply-recessed squares by heavily moulded beams.
At Sherborne Abbey is a good timber one divided into such
squares with flowers carved at the intersection (Parker 172).
South Eggerdon, a sixteenth century house, has massive oak
beams with good mouldings (Hutcliins 1 1. 175). So has Barneston
(Ibid. I, 581).
After the great hall with its open timber roof became out of
date, all the principal chambers were ceiled, and the plasterer
executed most varied designs in geometric or flowing patterns,
with pendants and ribs, figures, animals and birds.
Herringston has a notable coved plaster ceiling (Golch, 193).
At Wolfeton the long parlour on the first floor, now divided
into four bedrooms, had formerly a lofty coved ceiling of
which three pendants remain (Ibid. 195). The present drawing-
rooms on the ground floor have the usual Jacobean flat type.
At Winterborne Clenston and Tomson are also good
examples, the former distinctly Renaissance.
Toller Fratrum has a good circular ceiling on the upper floor.
TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET. 67
STAIRCASES.
The early ones were in small turrets, the steps winding
around a central newel, and the treads of stone or oak as at
Woodsford, Winterborne Clenston and Tomson, Athelhampton
and Wolfeton. These were then replaced by wooden stair-
cases with short runs of steps from landing to landing. The
newel posts were tall, and often surmounted by heraldic beasts,
and balusters or fretwork used, all elaborately treated.
DOORWAYS.
These were treated to match the mantel pieces and panelling.
One of the finest and most typical is in the drawing-room at
Wolfeton (Gotch).
KITCHEN.
On account of the large exercise of hospitality, this room was
of ample dimensions, and the fireplace extremely wide, as at
Canford. At Melplash the bread oven in the wall, the smoke
jack and ancient settle may still be seen.
WINDOW GLASS.
In the fourteenth century shutters only were used for the
windows as at Stokesay. In 1567 Queen Elizabeth granted a
licence to certain Frenchmen for establishing a factory of
broad or window glass. Sussex, on account of its woods, had
been an early centre of local manufacture. In 1623 Abraham
Bago had a glass house in Purbeck where Mansel's works had
failed. The Renaissance subjects embraced foliage, vases,
candelabra, scrolls and animals; but for houses heraldic work
predominated. It was customary for ancient families to insert
in the windows of the great hall, presence chamber and long
gallery as large a number of shields as possible, displaying
their matches and quarterings. In the Harl. MSS. is a list of
such heraldic glass existing in Dorset houses in 1600; but very
little of this has survived, See an illustration of such shields
68 TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET.
formerly at Wolfeton (Hutchins, II. 549). At Little's Farm in
Winterborne Kingston there are a few specimens, one of 1500,
another of 1601 (S. and D. N. & Q. IX, 201). At Parnham is a fine
window with the royal Tudor arms brought from Nonsuch.
(Garner & Stratton plate clxxxi).
Aubrey wrote that before the Reformation there was no
county or great town but had glass painters, but that old
Harding of Blanclford was the only country glass painter he
knew, and Harding died in 1643 aged 83.
TABLE GLASS.
In 1549 eight Italian glass-makers were enticed here, who
revived and improved the local art. King Henry VIII
encouraged the manufacture, and owned a large collection of
fine pieces, all foreign. Specimens are of the greatest rarity.
A dated drinking glass of 1586 is in the British Museum. A
factory was established in 1576 at Buckholt Wood, Hampshire,
where fragments have been unearthed.
Such glass was at first confined to royalty and the nobility,
silver, horn, leather and wood receptacles being used by other
classes.
METAL WORK.
Lead.
There were lead mines in the Mendips worked by the
Romans, who not only exported this metal, but freely used it
for their water-pipes, coffins, &c.
In Tudor days it was largely employed externally for certain
flat portions of the roof, gutters, domes, and rain water pipes
and pipe-heads.
The latter were very ornamental, and decorated " with
monograms, crests and arms, Tudor roses, fleurs-de-lis, &c.,
and sometimes dates.
Windsor Castle and Haddon Hall have noteworthy specimens
of the early and Knole Park of the late period.
A lead pipe-head dated 1579 with battlemented cresting is
TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET. 69
at Sherborne (Illustrated in Gotch p. 132); and at Anderson
are shields of arms of the year 1622 (Garner & Stratton pi.
cviii).
Rain water cisterns have become very scarce, and no
sixteenth century one seems to be known, though there are
several of the seventeenth century.
Being more accessible than the water heads, they have
suffered greater destruction, and been melted down.
In the churchwardens' accounts at Wimborne occurs in
1587: "for a ton of lead att Mendipp ,8. Carriage home of
the same lead 20s." (Huichins III. 262).
At Wild Court in Hawkchurch is a rain water pipe dated
1593 (Ibid. IV. 46).
Lead glazing assumed a variety of patterns (See Garner
& Stratton, pi. clxxx).
Iron.
The local forge provided most of the smaller utensils and
implements, such as were found in the house or farm.
Vanes afforded much scope for the craftsman, and those at
Cranborne were dated 1647. The various fittings of doors,
such as locks, scutcheons, hinges and latches, were most
artistically fashioned. Great wrought-iron gates replaced the
portcullis of early times. Other metals in use were copper,
tin, brass, latten and pewter. The implements attached to
the fire-place were at first simple and few, such as : A payre
of tongys and a payre belwys 1463; spytts, rakks, cobernys,
andernnys, trevettes, tongs, 1504; fier pany, yryn chymney
and a poor 1552; paire of potes, rachyncroke 1562; fier shoel
spette, bake, gibcroke, racks 1564; gallows of iron with four
crocks 1567. The "gallows" was the bar of iron projecting
across and hinged and so swung round, from which the crooks
or chains with hooks for suspending pots were hung. There
were also brandizes, skillett, ladell, skoomer, gridirons, drypping
pans, cullenders and chaffing dishes.
The andirons or fire-dogs were most ornamental. The fire-
back, being cast, usually had the family coat-of-arms or figures
with initials and dates. The iron works of the Weald of
70 TUDOR HOUSES IX DORSET.
Sussex turned out large quantities of fire utensils, before the
woods became exhausted. There are some notable sixteenth
century specimens in the S. Kensington Museum (See Garner
& Stratton plate clxxix).
Of pewter there is a fine collection in the museum at
Taunton.
A fine bronze standard bushel measure, inscribed "Elizabeth
Reg." and dated 1601, is in the museum at Dorchester.
HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE.
The furniture was usually of oak, as being most durable and
readily procurable. It was first Gothic in style, frequently
painted in bright colours, and ornamented by strips of carpet
and hangings. The linen-fold panel was the favourite design.
The hall was sparsely furnished in the early period, and the
fittings rudely constructed.
The lord's table on the dais was a "dormant "one. Such
tables were framed or joyned, often called "refectory" tables.
Later, the ends of the top were ingeniously made to draw out ;
hence the term "draw tables." The rougher type the trestle
table consisted of boards laid on trestles, which were easily
removed after supper, so that the men might sleep on the floor
around the fire. Sometimes the chair or settle was convertible
into a table by the hinged back folding over. Settles were
placed near the fire to protect the occupants from the draughts.
On the da'is on one side stood the buffet with its carved
shelves, resting on four legs, open below and canopied above,
on which was displayed the gold and silver plate.
Chairs were scarce, and only provided for the lord and
perhaps his lady. Other persons sat on long forms or joyned
stools covered with carpet, strips of Turkey work, or cushions.
After the great hall fell into disuse, a smaller room, the
"privie parloir," leading from it was fitted up for the family
use. The buffet had now developed into a court cupboard on
four legs, open below or with a shelf, the canopy gone. It
contained several recesses enclosed by panelled doors with the
frame work richly carved, and was used for storing apparel,
armour, &c.
TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET. 71
The dresser, livery or service cupboard, was in much request
for holding the meats on the way to the tables. It consisted
of three stages standing on four legs, with perhaps a drawer for
table linen. They were not at first enclosed, but the drinking
vessels were hung on hooks, and a ewer and basin provided
for cleaning them.
Later the upper division was enclosed with folding doors
and locks, and the panels were replaced by balusters for
ventilation. The bedroom livery cupboards were smaller, being
used for containing the nightly liveries or rations.
After 1550 gorgeous cabinets were introduced; but they are
now excessively scarce. Chairs became more numerous and
comfortable, and were either X or box shaped, or triangular
and turned. Mirrors which used to be of steel were now
made of glass. Walls were no longer painted in fresco, but
decorated with framed pictures of the Holbein school.
The four-post bed, an object of great family interest, was
usually carved and set up by local craftsmen, and ornamented
with the arms or initials of the owner.
The head board above the level of the pillows was
elaborately panelled, likewise the frieze and tester or square
canopy, as well as the two columns at the foot. (A dated one,
of 1593 in the S. Kensington Museum, has been illustrated in
Macquoid 76, Litchfield 80 and Hayden 66).
The truckle bed for the use of the attendant was very low,
and could be pushed under the great standing one in the day
time; and at the foot of the latter was a coffer or chest to
contain valuables and clothing. These chests, sometimes
styled linen or dower chests, were in general use in most
rooms. The three front panels were richly carved, the ends
and lid as a rule plain, a small tray called a till being often
lixed inside for trinkets and small objects, and there were
sometimes drawers underneath the chest. With the lid down
they made useful seats, and with the addition of a back were
more restful.
Small portable boxes for deeds or a bible are often met with.
72 TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET.
Very ornate iron treasure chests with complicated locks and
bolts were in frequent use, the finer make being usually foreign.
Dealers call them Armada chests; but they are too numerous
to have been all derived from that source, though a fine
specimen belonging to the Commissioners of Customs at
Weymouth, said to have been taken out of a Spanish flagship
which was captured and brought into the town, may be
genuine. It was loaned to the Armada Tercentenary Exhibition
atPlymouthin 1888 (Western Antiquary VIII, 1.) See illustration
of another Spanish one left at Wolfeton in 1506 by Philip
King of Castile (D.F.C. Proceedings XXXV, 5). Another
specimen is in the Museum at Dorchester.
In later times chairs and settees were often richly upholstered.
The inventories attached to wills, or made by the owner in
his lifetime, give one the best idea of the furniture and rooms.
And of these I will select four, viz., those of a great prelate, a
poor priest, a squire and a yeoman.
The inventory of the household goods of Archbishop
Parker, deceased, taken at Lambeth House in 1575, was
written on a roll of skins 17 feet long, each item priced ; but I
have omitted the figures. The following are the chief rooms
and buildings :
Great chamber Chamber by chapel
Hall Grene gallery
Great parlour Schole house
Waiting chamber Vestrye
Chamber of presence Kitchine
Chapel Store house
Gallery Chaundrie
Compting chamber Wine seller
Middle chamber Granary
My lord's chamber Pantrie
Pantry parlour Laundrie
Chamber over waiting Stables
chamber
The furniture generally consisted of standing and truckle
beds, joyned tables or boards on trestles, joyned forms and
TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET. 73
stools, court and livery cupboards, presses, chests, coffers and
a few chairs. Old Turkey carpets were numerous, also carpets
of Bramage and window carpets; but these were strips used
for covering tables, stools and cupboards. There were no
floor carpets; even Queen Elizabeth's presence chamber was
daily strewn with rushes. There were many sets of hangings,
quyshions of velvet or damask and richly embroidered. Other
materials were sattin of bridgs [Bruges], dornix [Tournay],
grene saie (sagum, fine woollen cloth), grogram [silk and
mohair] and tapistry. Of lynen and napery there were table
cloths of various sizes from 1 to 12 yards in length, napkins and
holland shetes. There were fether and straw beds, matresses,
bolsters, pillows, white and red blankets, and coverlets.
Clothing included the usual gowns, doblets, cloaks, chymmers
and a parliament robe of scarlet faced with mynever. Andirons
of latten, iron chests barred or plated, basons and ewers,
buckets of leather are all listed. In the kitchen were a great
cistern of lead, and the usual utensils. [SeQ under Metal]. In
the chaundrie were candlesticks and torches. In the wine
seller 5 ton of Gascoyne wine and a butt of Sacke. Fish
comprised 16 great linges, 221 lesser linges and 400 haberdines
[salt cod cured at Aberdeen]. There were only 1 hour-glass
and 1 clock, and but 2 coaches, one covered with lether
[introduced in 1564] and 10 saddells.
Of musical instruments there was a pair of organs in the
chapel, and several pairs of virginals about the house. The
pictures were mostly portraits of sovereigns, nobles and
worthies of the Reformation. Maps, but no names of books,
occur. Armour included : corslets, almain rivets, pikes, long
bows, sheaves of arrows, steel caps, black bills, harquebuts,
salletts, calyvers, morians, brigandines and skulles. The plate
was gilt and parcell gilt and included a lyverie pott with
cover of 91 ozs., many boulls and standing cupps, trencher
plates, saltes, and several dozen spones. The total sum was
2766. [Archaologia XXX, pp. 1 30]. In contrast to the above
is the inventory in 1568 of John Ace, priest of Wimborne, 44.
[Hutchins III, 261]. Wm. More, Esq., of Losely in Surrey
74 TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET.
made a careful list of his property in 1556. The rooms were
haule, parlere, children's chamber, chamber where I lye and
my wyfes closet. He had a good stock of plate, books, and
furniture, chessebord, base lute, pair of virginals and gittorne
[cittern or guitar], glass and jugs of stone garnished with
sylver and gilt. He built a fine mansion in 1561 still standing.
[Archeeohgia XXXVI ].
An inventory of 1597 is that of the estate of a yeoman at
Loders with a stock of 30 beasts, 10 oxen, 140 sheep, and the
accommodation included a hall with chambers over it, a
parlour with a chamber over it, a lower parlour, a chamber
over the entry and the new chamber. All the furniture very
simple, the whole estate, including 195 for leases, totalling
455. [Hutchins' Dorset, II, 307].
Other inventories are one of 1537 [ibid. IV, 367] Will of
Margaret Russell last Abbess of Tarrant 1567 [Ib. Ill, 356].
Sir Geo. Somers of Whitchurch Canonicorum [S. and D. N. &
Q. XI, 99]. Goods at Bingham's Melcombe temp. Eliz.
[Archceological Journal, XVII].
Beechen roundells in sets of 12 were used as trenchers for
fruit and sweet meats. The upper side was bare; but the under
side was painted black or gilded and ornamented with figures,
flowers and short epigrams called posies [Art of English Poesie
1589 quoted in Gent. Mag. Library and Archa'ologia XXXII,
p. 225]. There are several such sets in the Tudor gallery of
South Kensington Museum.
Mazer was a drinking bowl of birds-eye maple with silver
band, foot and cover. About 50 are known. \_Ibid. L, p. 129].
Pottery was very coarse, covered with a brown or green
glaze. Beer was drunk out of pots, the covers and handles of
silver or pewter. Other vessels were goblets, pitchers, jugs,
bowls, bottles, tygs and cups. The shapes did not alter, so
that it is difficult to fix dates. Some, of the stoneware jugs
had bearded heads impressed under the spout. [Chaffers].
A puzzle-jug dated 1571 is illustrated in Early Eng. Pottery
by Hodgkin, p. 1.
TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET. 75
Porcelain was not made in England, but imported from
China. See illustration of two fine oriental bowls which were
mounted in silver in 1549 in the Renaissance style \_D.F.C.
Proceedings XXXV, p. 4].
CIVILIAN COSTUME.
Men.
In the last quarter of the 15th century the hair was worn
long, the gown assumed a cassock-like appearance, and the
pointed shoes were becoming modified. From the girdle hung
a gypciere with rosary, and a hood \vas added in the form of a
cap with a long scarf.
In the last decade shoes were broad toed; and the fur-edged
robe was turned back down the front with broad fur collar
and cuffs.
This continued to the middle of the 16th century, when the
gown then acquired long false sleeves. Beneath was a square
skirted doublet. The hair was worn long; but the face
remained clean shaven.
In Elizabeth's reign the hair was kept short, and moustaches
and pointed beards became the fashion. The doublet was
shorter and fitted tightly, having a short skirt below the sash.
Over the long hose was trunk hose stuffed out. The sleeves of
the gown were reduced and the shoes round toed. Ruffs and
lace frills were worn at the neck and wrists. A short cloak
and rapier often displaced the gown. [See fine example of
1598 in Williamson's Miniatures, p. 28].
Women.
About 1490 the butterfly head dress gave way to the
pedimental, and the strip bordering the forehead became
wider. The caul or cornet which enveloped the hair
developed into a kind of bonnet at the back of the head.
The frontlet framing the face and falling to the shoulders was
of velvet or fur. The gown had tight-fitting sleeves, fur cuffs
76 TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET.
and border ; the aperture for the neck was cut square, and a
broad girdle with rosary and pomander worn.
About 1525 short wide furred sleeves came in, with a linen
partlet at the neck, and the ends of the front lappets of the
head dress are turned up.
In the reign of Edward VI the Paris head and close-fitting
cap depressed in the centre came into vogue. The gown was
opened below the waist, exposing the embroidered under
gown ; puffed sleeves covered the shoulders, and the partlet
was surmounted by frills. During the latter part of Queen
Elizabeth's reign the lappet was turned over the top of the head.
There was also a hood, the ruff grew large and the skirt was
distended by a farthingale. Hats were of the Welsh type.
In Queen Mary's reign white lace came in, and it became still
more popular in her sister Elizabeth's time; but it was all
foreign, and really good English lace was not made until
Anne's reign, Huguenots having introduced it. [Costume on
Brasses by H. Druitt]. See also portraits by Hans Holbein
(1497-1543), Nicholas Hilliard (1537-1619) and Isaac Oliver
(1571-1617).
EMBROIDERY.
Before the Reformation this was as a rule confined to
ecclesiastical work and was of a very high quality, of which
there are some exquisite specimens in the South Kensington
Museum and a piece from Bindon Abbey in the Museum at
Dorchester. After that epoch the splendid costumes and
household hanging curtains and covers were lavishly worked.
In Henry VIII's reign gloves were much worn, and a pair of his
used for hawking is at Oxford. Elizabeth was also very fond
of them and accepted them as official gifts. Edward Vere,
17th Earl of Oxford, first introduced 'embroidered gloves and
perfumes from Italy. (Hone's Year Book IV, 362).
Dainty shoes covered with fine petit point work, caskets,
book-covers, and pocket books, all wonderfully worked, are
still preserved.
TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET. 77
Black or Spanish work was introduced by Catherine of
Aragon, an indefatigable needle-woman.
Many of the so-called Stuart stump pictures are undoubtedly
Tudor.
A sampler of 1546 has been noted. [_W. Antiquary III, 29].
Besides fine needlework much spinning was carried on ; and
there was in most houses a hand loom for weaving cloth for
the household. [Illustrated in Wright, 483].
The West of England was noted for its cloth, and many of
the present gentry are descended from clothiers. A school of
tapestry was established in the reign of Henry VIII.
JEWELS AND TRINKETS.
A great deal of jewellery was worn with the magnificent
costumes; and the same precious stones as now were used.
Some of the Renaissance examples of setting are very beautiful,
and often combined with enamelling. An enseigne or badge
was a jewelled gold medal worn in the hat. A pomander, or
perfume case, hung from the girdle. Gold chains were of the
broad flat type. There is a unique collection in the British
Museum; and many examples may be noticed in miniature and
other portraits. Holbein designed many jewels for the Court.
SOCIAL LIFE.
The hours of meals underwent few changes. Breakfast was
served at 7, dinner at 1 1 or noon, and supper between 5 and 6,
the intervals being about 4 hours. Sometimes there was
refreshment between meals called a " bever." No forks being
employed until the reign of James I, there was much washing
of hands before and after feeding, hence the saying " fingers
before forks."
In early days two persons helped themselves from the same
dish, then four formed a " mess." Ale and wine were the
customary drinks, tea and coffee being unknown. Banquets
or " rere-suppers " took place after supper, choice wines,
78 TUDOR HOUSES 'IN DORSET.
pastry and sweetmeats being consumed and toasts or pledges
drunk. On retiring to their bed-chambers liveryes were
served out. The gates were shut at each meal.
At a certain wedding feast at Losely in Surrey, in 1567,
of which the costs were carefully kept, besides the usual meats
the following presents were consumed : Deer, hyndes, hares,
conyes, swan, capon, partridge, wodecock, crane, hernshaw,
curlew, duck, mallard, teel, plover, bytter, knott, stynte,
godwytt, fesaunt, lark, synatt, geese, snyght, hethcok and
turkye. There were also : Fish, oysters, sawsags, byscett,
spices, almonds, prunes, currants, dates, olyves, sugar, merme-
lade, &c. Sack, Gascon and Renysh wines were drunk.
(Ardiaologia XXXVI, 33).
By Act of 5 Eliz. for the encouragement of fishermen and
mariners, Wednesday and Saturday were made fish days.
(Chronicles of Cranborne, p. 299).
A bill of fare for the Mayor of Norwich in 1588 gives various
prices. Geese 4d., leg of mutton 3d., guinny pig 6d., eggs 34
a shilling, hen 3d., 18 loaves of wheaten bread 9d., 16 oranges
2d., 2 gals, white wine or claret 2s., 1 qt. sack 9d., 1 qt.
Malmsey 5d. (Western Antiquary VIII, 18).
When ale was the universal beverage at all meals, it was
essential that it should be of good quality, and Henry VIII is
stated to have introduced the use of hops in its make. The
ale-taster, ale-conner or ale-founder, was an office of remote
antiquity, and it was his duty to assay the ale. (Ibid. I, 134).
Every manor, farm and parsonage had a brew-house, for
making beer and cyder. Dorset merchants traded exclusively
with Newfoundland, whence they took salt fish to the South of
Europe, returning with wines and other luxuries from Spain
and Portugal.
Houses were lighted with rushes, candles, torches, cressets
and moons. A " candlebeme" was a rude chandelier. Then
there were low, high and bell "canstykes" usually of latten,
an alloy of brass. Spiked stands were also used as now for
altars. The cresset was carried on a pole, also the moon, but
covered in with horn. (Wright, pp. 376, 454).
TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET. 79
The primitive measurement of time was by candle, hour-
glass and sun-dial. The 16th century was remarkable for the
great advance in the art of clock-making, and watches were
introduced. An early lantern-shaped clock 1570-90 for
domestic use is in the British Museum, and this type
prevailed during the whole Tudor period.
Ladies had their household pets, such as dogs, monkeys,
squirrels, parrots and other birds. With more elaborate
toilet many foreign customs were introduced. Tubs had been
used for ordinary bathing in private houses ; but in^ towns
public hot or sweating houses of eastern origin were now
established. These were mostly frequented by women for
gossip and company, to which they also brought their refresh-
ments. (Illustration, circa 1541, in Wright, p. 492).
SPORTS AND PASTIMES.
Henry VII encouraged the practice of military exercises by
his courtiers. Henry VIII, in his young days a great athlete,
also interested himself in the militia, of which the muster rolls
for the 30-34th years of his reign have been preserved. Bills
and bows were the common weapons, with. a certain quantity
of armour. There were about 4,500 able-bodied fighting men
in Dorset [S. V. 251].
Archery, though declining, was still fostered; and " Shotinge
with the standarde or brode arrowe, at the twelve shore prick
(a mark of compass) and the tarthe: lepping, runninge and
wrastlinge, throwing of the sledge and pytching of the barre "
are all named in a Sunday licence of II Eliz. [Gent. Mag.
Library, 245].
For shooting at the butts in 1592 at Blandford, see H. I. 221.
Horse-racing, hunting, hawking, coursing, fowling, fishing,
tilting were especially indulged in. Cranborne Chace within
a circuit of 100 miles contained over 1000 wild deer, and there
were also Holt Chace and Gillingham Forest. City folks had
their stage plays, pageants, masquerades and processions,
muscians and dancing. There were bowling alleys and greens,
bull, bear and badger baiting, cock throwing and duck hunting,
80 TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET.
quoits, skittles, tennis, paille-maille, golf, cricket and football.
A bull ring was in the square at Shaftesbury, where the town
hall stands. A description of a skittle frame of oak with the
rules cut on it and dated 1486 is in the Gent. Mag. Lib. p. 255.
There were also numerous indoor games, such as dicing,
carding, shovel board, billiards, chess, draughts, dominoes,
backgammon or tables.
Country folk had numerous fairs, attended by strolling
players and puppet showmen, of which Hutchins enumerates
47 [I. Ivi]. Hiring of labourers and servants took place, as
well as the sale of horses, cattle, sheep, hogs, cheese and toys.
On May Day the maypole was decorated, as at Shillingstone,
and the dancing around it was a relic of pagan Floralia.
At Shrove-tide Lent-crocking was still kept up in 1830 in
some of our villages. Parties of boys armed with a good stock
of potsherds visited the houses in the evening. Their leader
pronounced the following lines :
" I be come a shrovin,
Vor a little pankiak,
A bit o' bread o' your biakin,
Or a little truckle cheese o' your own miakin,
If you'll gi' me a little, I'll ax no more,
If you don't gi' me nothin, I'll rottle your door."
The broken pots originally signified that as Lent was begun
they were of no use; and the cessation of flesh eating is
understood in the begging for pancakes and bread and cheese.
(Communicated by W. Barnes to Hone's Year Book IV, 1599).
See p. 1172 for a further letter of his on Dorset Customs,
including Harvest Home, Haymaking, Matrimonial oracles at
Midsummer Eve, Fairs and Perambulations.
Hocktide was kept on the Monday or Tuesday following the
second Sunday after Easter Day, when the women on one day
roped in passers by and obtained coins for pious uses; and on
the other day it was the men's turn.
At Whitsuntide Morris dancers performed. [Hutchiml. 121].
Midsummer Day. On the eve of 24th June bonfires were
lighted in West Cornwall, perhaps a survival of a Druid festival.
TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET. 81
Sheepshearing and harvest were times for merriment and
feasting. For Dorset Harvest Home see X. & 0. 4s. XII, 461.
At Christmas the Lord of Misrule and his followers were
chosen. See "The Anatomy of Abuses A D - 1583" in Gent.
Mag. Lib. p. 77. The words of the drama acted by the
Mummers were given by Mr. Udal in S. and D. N. & O. IX, 9.
There was wassailing the old apple trees in cider districts, and
burning an ashen faggot on the Eve, besides the Yule log on
Christmas Day. [W. Antiq. I, 143].
During the last quarter of the 16th century, stage plays took
the place of the old passion, miracle, and mystery plays of the
friars; and we find that various companies of players acted in
the Town halls. [Bristol Past and Present, I, 234].
TRAVELLING.
The ancient British track-ways and Roman roads over the
downs were hard and good; but in the valleys the roads were
often impassable, and there was consequently but little wheel
traffic.
Everybody rode on horseback, and the women on a padded
cushion or soft saddle called a " pillion " behind a man.
(Illustrated in Wright p. 496). The " upping stock" or
" mounting block," an erection of stone steps for their use,
may still be sometimes seen outside churchyards, inns and
farmhouses. Goods and mails were conveyed by carriers,
with trains of pack horses. Long or short crooks were
attached to the saddles, the former for sheaves of corn and
bulky materials. Crubs with projecting crosspieces were for
heavy articles. Tradesmen rode with great bags, hence the
term " bagman." Smugglers slung their casks in similar
fashion (Devon N. & G. Ill, 31, and Devon N. & Q. Ill, 60).
An illustration of a horse with its loaded crook (W. Antiquary
VI, 136). One sometimes notices old halter paths and deep
narrow lanes leading down to a paved ford (S. and D. N. & Q.
V r 169) or else over a pack horse bridge (Ibid. VII. 283; VIII,
289).
82 TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET.
Communication being so bad, neighbours did not go far
afield, and we find families much intermarried within a 10 mile
radius. ("Stay at homes" in S. and D. N. & Q. IV. 208).
Many of the county families owned a house in the nearest
town, to which they resorted in the winter for the sake of
company. Shaftesbury, Sherborne and Dorchester afford
examples.
In 1599 there was a regular post between London and
Plymouth, with stations at Shaftesbury and Sherborne, which
was maintained until 1611, re-established in 1620 and has
been carried on ever since. (S. and D. N. &. Q. X., iii.)
SCHOOLS AND EDUCATION.
Before the Reformation the priests taught what little book-
learning was considered necessary; but after the destruction of
the monasteries a good many grammar schools were founded.
Certain rules of the Free School at Saffron Walden, Essex,
were drawn up about 1545, and they were typical of the period.
There were six forms as now; and the daily lessons for each
form as set out for the week show that practically nothing but
Latin was taught. (Archnologia XXXIV, p. 37).
The following schools in Dorset include some of the best
known ones.
Sherborne. Founded 4 Edw. VI, 1550, and Abbey adapted.
(D.F.C., XII, p. 105; Hntchins, IV. 284).
Wimborne. Free School 1 Hen. VIII. Grammar School
5 Eliz. (Hntchins, III, 191; D.F.C., XXVIII, 20).
Dorchester. Built 1567, rebuilt 1618. (Hntchins, II, 367;
S. and D.N.&Q., VIII, p. 178; Municipal Records, p. 563).
Gillingham. Founded 1526. (D.F.C., XXXII, p. xlvi).
Milton Abbas. Free School 12, Hen. 8. (Hntchins, IV. 396).
Netherbury. Free School, 1548. (Hntchins, II. 108; S. and
D. N. & Q., X. 2).
PUNISHMENTS.
Apart from prison, the wheel and gallows, the following
were used for minor offences : Cage for a short confinement.
Tumbril for carting offenders about the town. Ducking stool
TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET. 83
for immersing a scold in a pond. Women as well as men were
severely whipped through the town at the cart tail or tied to
a post. Stocks were used for drunkards, the delinquent
sitting on the ground, with his hands and feet confined.
Specimens are in the town halls of Weymouth and Shaftesbury
and Dorchester Museum. The last has also hand stocks.
Every village was formerly bound to provide them. In the
pillory the offender stood up with his neck and wrists confined.
[Western Antiquities, I].
HOSPITALS.
Poor law dates from the reign of Eliz. Almshouses, leper
hospitals and maudlin or mad houses had been founded in
monkish times, and these were now placed under official
supervision.
LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL TUDOR HOUSES
IN DORSET.
Abbreviations used.
D. Dorset Field Club Proceedings. (Annual Volumes).
G. & S. Tudor Domestic Architecture by Garner & Stratton.
H. Hutchins' History of Dorset.
S. Somerset and Dorset Notes & Queries.
ABBOTSBURY.
The largest barn in the county. Good W. gable and
porch with turret stairs. H. II, 722 ; Buck's view of 1733 ;
3 engraved views after Prout.
ASKERSWELL.
S. Eggardon. 16th cent, house with good beams. H. II, 175.
ATHELHAMPTON.
Great hall & porch, 14th cent, screen and oriel, 16th cent,
additions, dovecote. H. II, 587 ; G. & S. plate, LXXIII, ground
plan fig. 143; gatehouse fig. 144; oriel fig. 145; D. XX, 122,
XXXII, liv; Parker 172, 178; Heath 3; S, VII, i. Gardens
Old and New I, 144.
84 TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET.
BARNESTON.
Early 16th cent, hall, oriel, ceiling and moulded beams.
Gatehouse. H. I. 581.
BEMINSTER.
Parnham. 15th and 16th cent. 2-storied oriel, good finials.
H. II, 128; D. XXI, p. 229 and XXXII, p. xli; Heath 157;
G. & S. plates of E. front and porch, liii, ground plan p, 97,
glass, plate clxxxi, and fig. 360, porch door fig. 233 and 333,
door fittings plate 177.
BERE REGIS.
Early Tudor house destroyed; but drawings preserved.
H. I, 140.
BINGHAM'S MELCOMBE.
Gatehouse and Hall oldest. Oriel with Renaissance details.
Bowling green and fish ponds, heraldic glass. H. IV, 371;
G. & S. grotesque on angle shafts plate xii ; Heath 23.
BLOXWORTH.
Gabled house 1608 Elizabethan style. Gardener's cottage
1560. H. I, 180; Heath 37.
CANFORD.
Tudor Kitchen. H. Ill, 285, 300; Heath 48.
CERNE ABBAS.
Gatehouse with oriel 1509. G. & S. plate cxliii. Refectory
and oriel 15th cent. Late Tudor manor house. Abbey barn.
H. IV, 27; D. XXXIV, p. xl.
CHANTMARLE.
Early Tudor house rebuilt 1612. Central Jac. block remains.
H. IV, 7; G. & S. East front and porch plate liii. Ground
plan and external door plate 175.
TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET. 85
CHILCOMB.
Quadrangular 1578 with church. H. II, 739; Treves, 252.
CLIFTON MAUBANK.
One wing with oriel of 1586. Porch and facade at Montacute,
bowling green and dovecote. K. IV, 425; G. & S. plate Ixix;
Heath 75 ; S. V., 193; D. XXXIV, p. 37.
COMBE KAYNES.
Wool. Late Tudor manor house. H. I, 348; D. XXVII,
p. 39; Heath 231.
CORSCOMBE.
Toller Whelm. House on site of grange of Ford Abbey.
H. II, 93; S. IV. 174.
CRANBORNE.
Thirteenth and early 16th cent, S. front with 2 towers. Hall
of justice and dungeon, kitchen with groined ceiling, circular
stone stairs, arcaded porches 1612. Gatehouse and church.
H. Ill, 380. Chronicles of C. with plate p. 74-79. Gardens
Old and New II, 235.
FORDE ABBEY.
Gatehouse with oriel, hall, cloister and chapel of 1525.
Jac. additions. H. 'IV. 528; G. & S. plate x; Pulman; D.
XXVIII, p. Ixxix and vol. IX, p. 136.
HAM MOHUN.
Early 17th cent. Front transition from Gothic to Classic.
H. I, 272; D., XXXV, p. xl.
HANFORD.
Gabled house. Lead pipe dated 1623. H. IV, 62.
HAWKCHURCH.
Wild Court. Elizabethan. Lead pipe dated 1593. H. IV, 47.
86 TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET.
HERRINGSTON.
House of 1582 was quadrangular, but mostly pulled down.
N. front rebuilt Jac. Drawing-room has coved Renaissance
plaster ceiling. H. II, 527.
LONG BRIDY.
Bridehead. Built Jac. Parlour wainscoted with fret ceiling.
H. II, 185.
LONG BURTON.
Dairy house late Tudor. S. VI, 127.
LULWORTH.
Cube with angle round towers 1588-1609. H. I, 374.
Buck's view 1733.
MAPPERTON.
Front and N. wing 16th cent. Jac. rebuilding. H. II, 159;
Heath 125; D. XX, p. 167; Gardens Old and New II, 151;
G. & S. plate cxxxv, ground plan fig. 272, plaster ceiling plate
clxix and fig. 274, heraldic finials plate cxli., chimney piece
fig. 322.
MAPOWDER.
S. portion older. E. part rebuilt 1564. H. Ill, 725.
MELBURY SAMPFORD.
Lantern tower, &c., 1504-47. Parlour with oriel and
heraldic glass 1602. H. II, 672; Heath 133; G. & S. plate
Ixix and fig. 138, finial fig. 281, window 207.
MELCOMBE HORSEY.
Chapel desecrated. Small portion only of house remains.
H. IV, 367; G. & S. panelling, plate clx, door, plate clxxiv.
TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET. 87
MELCOMBE REGIS.
In Maiden Street is an ancient house now the Ship Inn and
Fire Station. Across the road is another old gabled house.
In Lower Bond Street is a corner house with 2 gables on each
face, now the White Hart Inn. Door in Church Passage of
1580.
MILTON ABBAS.
The Abbots' Hall of 1498 is all that remains. H. IV, 393;
D. XXIV. Buck's view 1733, shows octagonal tower.
NETHERBURY.
Melplash Court 1604. H. II, 116; D. XXXII, p. xxxix.
POKESWELL.
Gabled Eliz. house. Brick lodge 1634. H. I, 408.
PORTISHAM.
Friars Waddon. Desecrated chapel. H. II, 764.
PUDDLETOWN.
Cottage of 1573 recently pulled down. D. XXXII, p. 184.
Lower Waterston manor house. Garden front 1586. W. front
pilasters and figures. S. side circular porch and classical
features. Fine barn. H. II, 620; Heath 117; Nash.
PUNCKNOLL.
Transitional Eliz. to Jac. H. II, 769; D. XXXI, p. liv.
PURSE CANCEL.
Early Eliz. H. IV, 148; S. IV, 289.
RADIPOLE.
Eliz. H. II, 479.
SANDFORD ORCAS.
House in style of Athelhampton. G. & S. Grotesques on
finials plate Ixxiv, ground plan p. 123. S. IV, 193; V, 54;
X, 86; Ditchfield 51.
88 TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET.
SHAFTESBURY.
Avishayes. Small Tudor town house, quite perfect.
SHERBORNE.
The Lodge. H plan with 4 towers 1594. Wings and 4
more towers 1660. H. IV, 277; Baronial Mansions II, 43.
STALBRIDGE.
Three-storied gabled house pulled down 1822, but drawing
preserved. H. Ill, 673.
STINSFORD.
Kingston Maurwood 1591. H. II, 563; G. & S. plate cvii,
ground plan p. 165, panel of arms plate cxxxix.
STURMINSTER MARSHALL.
(At Corfe Mullen). Now a farm house. H. Ill, 356.
SWANWICH.
Godlingston. Ancient pigeon cote. H. I, 669.
SWYRE.
Berwick. Quadrangular 2 turrets, gateway, chapel and hall
with heraldic glass. H. II, 783.
SYDLING ST. NICHOLAS.
Tithe barn 1590. H. IV, 500.
TOLLER FRATRUM.
Front and E. wing 1585. H. II, 701. G. & S. chimneys
plate cli.
TOLPUDDLE.
Front late Tudor. H. II, 601.
TRENT.
From co. Som. 1896. Heath 175; D. XXXIV. 36; S. X, 86.
TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET. 89
TYNEHAM.
1567 and 1583. Hall destroyed. H. I, 618; D. XXII, 68.
UPCERNE.
Built of Abbey stones, good stucco. H.IV, 156.
WARMWELL.
Jac. the N. side older. H. I, 430.
WEST KNIGHTON.
Friar Mayne. Preceptory of Knights Hospitallers 1305.
H. II, 501.
WEST STAFFORD.
Binghams' porch, wings and gables altered 1720. H. II, 512.
WEYMOUTH.
In Trinity Street, a small 2-gabled house. Opposite, another
with porch. N. Quay, a gabled house with porch.
WIMBO.RNE.
Deans' Court, hall and fishpond, heraldic glass 1550-82.
H. Ill, 232. In the town is a gabled house of stone and flint,
good ceiling (in the occupation of Mr. T. Coles). [Visited
26th August, 1919, with Dr. Le Fleming].
WIMBORNE ST. GILES.
E. part oldest before 1600. H. Ill, 598.
WINTERBORNE ANDERSON.
Stone and brick 3-gabled front and porch 1622. H. I, 160;
G. & S. plate cviii.
WINTERBORNE CLENSTON.
Walls of stone and flint layers, 15th cent. hall. Renaissance
ceiling, outside stair turret, good barn. H, I. 191; D, V.
pp, 16-19, and XXXI, p. xxxvii.
90 TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET.
WINTERBORNE TOMSON.
Early Tudor ground floor of sandstone with Jac. brick above.
Outside staircase turret. Renaissance ceilings. H. I, 195;
D. XXXI, 39.
WOLFETON.
Gateway and part of S. front 1477-93. Eliz. additions.
Fine fireplaces, doors and ceiling. H. II, 546; Heath 209;
Parker 172; Gotch 195 ; G. & S. newel staircase fig. 319,
windows fig. 114.
VVOODSFORD.
1350 with Hen. VII additions. 1 Tower, staircase, turret
and oratory remain. H. I, 449. Heath 223.
WOOLLAND.
Eliz. H. IV, 416.
WOTTON GLANVILLE.
Round Chimneys, 1590-1600. H. Ill, 744.
AUTHORITIES.
Early Renaissance Architecture ... Gotch ... 1901
The Growth of the English House ... 1909
Tudor Domestic Architecture ... Garner and Stratton 1909
Elizabethan Architecture ... Richardson ... 1837
Manor Houses of England ... Ditchfield ... 1910
Ancient Domestic Architecture ... Dollman and Jobbins 1861-3
Some Dorset Manor Houses ... Heath and Prideaux 1907
Glossary of Gothic Architecture ... Parker 5th edition ... 1850
Open Timber Roofs ... ... Brandon ... 1849
History of Dorset ... ... Hutchins ... 1849
Corfe Castle ... Bond ... ... 1883
Somerset and Dorset N. & Q. ... Weaver and Mayo ... 1890
Devon N. & Q. ... ... Amery & Rowe ... 1900.
Notes and Gleanings for Devon &
Cornwall ... ... Cotton & Dallas ... 1888
Archasologia ... ... Society of Antiquaries
Western Antiquary ... ... Wright ... ... 1882
Dorset Field Club's Proceedings
TUDOR HOUSES IN DORSET.
91
Chronicle of Cranborne
Baronial Halls
Wells wills
Bristol wills
Half-timbered houses ...
Carved oak
English Leadwork
Stained Glass
Old English Glasses ...
Early English Pottery
Illustrated History of Furniture
Costume on brasses
Chats on old clocks
Cottage and Farmhouse
Furniture
Society in the Elizabethan Age
History of Domestic Manners
Every Day and Year Books
Sports and Pastimes
History of Portrait Miniatures
,, Gardening ...
Country Life
Old English Country Cottages
Cottages and Country Life
Henzey Family (Glass makers)
Gardens Old and New
Highways and Byways in Dorset
History of English Furniture
Strange Survivals
Hall
Weaver
Wadley
Sanders
it
Weaver
Saint and Arnold
Hartshorne
Hodgkin
Litchfield
Druitt ...
Hayden
Hayden
Hall
Wright ...
Hone
Strutt 3d. ed.
Williamson
Amherst
Holme ...
Ditchfield
Grazebrook
Treves ...
Macquoid
Baring.Gould
1841
1881
1890
1886
1894
1883
1909
1913
1897
1891
1907
1906
1917
1886
1862
1825-32
1838
1904
1895
1906
1912
1877
1906
1908
1892
Colour Sense in a Ike^bole Wasp,
(Odynerus parietinus, Linn.)
By NELSON MOORE RICHARDSON, B.A.
Read 17th February, 1920.
HE little wasps belonging to the genus Odynerus,
which are the subject of this note, must be well
known to everyone, as they are very common and
much given to coming into houses, where they may
often be seen on the windows or elsewhere during the summer.
They are a good deal like an ordinary wasp in appearance, but
much smaller and slimmer. The nest of the species under
consideration (Odynerus parietinus, L., but until the perfect
insects emerged, it might have been one of three or four
species, which have similar nesting habits) is made in any
convenient hole, such as a keyhole, or, as in the present case,
the hole in a cotton reel, and consists of several cells, one above
the other. The cells are made of silk, with a thin coating of
mud; and in each is deposited an egg and some small cater-
pillars, generally smooth green ones. The caterpillars are first
stung by the parent wasp, the effect of which is to paralyse
them, so that they can only wriggle slightly. In fact they get
into the state which many larvae assume just before they cast
COLOUR SENSE IN A KEYHOLE WASP. 93
their larval skin for the last time and become a chrysalis. In
this paralysed condition they will live for a long time with but
little change. I have kept them for two months or more, and
they thus serve for food for the wasp grub while it grows to
maturity. It then assumes the pupal state and emerges later
on as a perfect insect. In the present case, which was brought
to my notice by Captain Aclandand Major Platt of Dorchester,
the latter gentleman had a cardboard box about 15 by 5 by 3in.
in size, containing 32 reels of variously coloured cottons with
a few silks, including six green, four red, three yellow, two
brown, one grey, four mauve and twelve blue of different
shades. The box was kept on a chest of drawers near a
window facing S.S.W., the window being almost always open,
and as the top of the box fitted badly, there was no difficulty
about the ingress of the wasp. The reels were used with a
sewing machine, which caused the paper at one end of the
reel to be removed and the other to be broken, thereby
allowing the wasp's entrance to the hole in the middle. The
reels were in any and all positions, as they were very frequently
turned over in looking for the special colour wanted at the
moment, so that it is extremely improbable that three reels of
the same colour would be so placed as to be specially
convenient for the wasp's attack. In the late autumn of 1919
Major Platt noticed that three of these reels had their holes
filled up with mud (cells); and one, with some light blue cotton
still on it, was sent to me by Captain Acland for the purpose
of identification. This I exhibited at the December Field
Club Meeting. Later on it was observed that all the three
reels which were tenanted by the wasps were of the same
colour and shade, light blue, shewing a striking and extra-
ordinary preference for that colour and shade, there being
only five or six light blue reels out of the whole 32. There
would probably be a little light in the box through the badly
fitting lid, which was often left partly open, as the box was
well filled up with reels, and without a little arrangement some
would project. I am not aware that anything is known about
the preference of these wasps for any particular colour, or
94 COLOUR SENSE IN A KEYHOLE WASP.
indeed of any of the solitary species of wasps and bees, so that
this observation of Major Platt's seems to be unique, and is of
extreme interest. The late Lord Avebury, when Sir John
Lubbock, made most careful experiments on the colour sense
of bees and gregarious wasps, and came to the conclusion that
bees possessed more than wasps, and had a decided preference
for blue. Of wasps (i.e. gregarious wasps, Vespa) he says,
" I satisfied myself that wasps are capable of distinguishing
colour, though they do not seem so much guided by it as bees
are." ["Ants, Bees and Wasps," Lubbock, 1882, p. 316].
Full details of these interesting experiments are given in this
work. The fact that blue appeared to be the bees' favourite
colour supports the conclusion that the keyhole wasp or wasps
there is no evidence to shew whether more than one
individual was concerned chose the three light blue reels
because of a colour preference, and not from some peculiar
smell of the light blue dye, or by some accidental coincidence.
It would be worth while making a more extensive experiment
by exposing a larger number of reels painted with different
colours several of each on the chance of attracting these
keyhole wasps, and noting the result. Dr. Haines, of Ower-
moigne, to whom I wrote on the subject of the specific identity
of this wasp, tells me that he has found 13 out of the 17 British
species of Odynerus in Dorset, most of them commonly;
and that four of these build in similar positions to the present
one (0. parietwn, L., pictus, Curt., parietinus, L., and antilope,
Panz., a large species). The identity of the present species
cannot therefore be stated with certainty until the perfect
insect emerges, which it will probably do in the early summer.
NOTE. August, 1920.
Major Platt very kindly gave me one of the reels of light
blue cotton containing cells of Odynerus, and from this I bred
on July 18th and 19th, 1920, two female wasps, which Dr.
Haines pronounces to be Odynerus parietinus, Linn., thus fixing
the species which was the subject of this interesting observation.
In another reel, which Major Platt presented to the Dorset
County Museum, Dr. Haines found a dead male wasp of the
same species, the other cell in this reel being empty.
phonological IReport on
first appearances of Birfcs, 3nsects,
anb jfirst if lowering of plants
IN DORSET DURING 1919.
Witb <$>tber IRotes on Xocal Iftatural Ibistorp.
By the Rev. F. L. BLATHWAYT, M.A ., M.B.O.U.
GOOD deal of interesting material on local
Natural History during 1919 has been forwarded
to the Honorary Editor of this report; but, as
space is still being limited, the task of selecting
the more important records for publication is a difficult one.
The following notes refer only to Birds and Macro-lepidoptera,
and judging from the reports sent in, these comprise the
branches of most general interest. Records in the other
branches are few, but Dr. Haines of Winfrith has sent notes
on other orders of insects, particularly Dragon-flies. These
have not been incorporated in this report, but the notes suggest
that a paper on the Dragon-flies of Dorset would form a
useful article for the Proceedings.
96 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
The editor is trying to work out the range, in Dorset, of
some of the more local species of birds in the breeding season,
and would be glad to receive notes, bearing on the subject,
on the following species : Wood-lark, Grasshopper Warbler,
Wood Wren, Whinchat, Lesser Whitethroat, Marsh Warbler,
Redpoll, Dipper, Grey Wagtail, Tree Sparrow, Cirl Bunting,
Red-backed Shrike, Redstart and Stone Curlew, and any
others of special interest. The distribution of birds over an
area is of far more interest than the record of the slaughter of
an occasional rare visitor.
Notes have been received from:
(F.L.B.) The Rev. F. L. Blathwayt, Melbury Osmond,
Dorchester.
(W.P.C.) W. Parkinson Curtis, Esq., Drake North, Sand-
ringham Road, Parkstone.
(D.D.) D. G. Dru Drury, Corfe Castle, Wareham.
(S.E.V.F.) The Rev. S. E. V. Filleul, Sandford House,
Wareham.
(J.M.J.F.) The Rev. Canon Fletcher, The Close, Salisbury.
(Until recently of The Vicarage, Wimborne).
(F.H.H.) Dr. F. H. Haines, Winfrith.
(F.G.P.) Dr. F. G. Penrose, Belmour, 26 Marlborough
Road, Bournemouth.
(N.M.R.) Nelson M. Richardson, Esq., Monte Video, near
Weymouth.
(J.R.) The Rev. J. Ridley, Pulham Rectory, Dorchester.
(E.S.R.) E. S. Rodd, Esq., Chardstock House, Chard.
(E.E.W.) Miss Ellen E. Woodhouse, Chilmore, Ansty,
Dorset.
And some others whose names are given in full.
NOTES ON BIRDS.
Portland. F.G.P. and F.L.B. stayed near Portland Bill from
April 28 May 3 to study bird migration. Permission had been
granted them by the Trinity House Brethren to be in the
Lighthouse at night to observe species attracted by the
lantern; but unfortunately the weather at the time was very
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 97
unfavourable for bird migration, and the result of observation
at the lighthouse was practically nil. Many interesting notes
on the resident and migratory birds of Portland were however
made, of which the following is a short summary. Skylarks
and Corn Buntings were conspicuously numerous and in full
song. The latter species was in such numbers that the fact points
to a recent immigration. Wheatears, both races, were passing
in good numbers, some of the smaller race apparently staying
to breed. Redstart, Willow Wren, Chiff-chaff, Black-cap,
Meadow Pipit, Pied Wagtail, Cuckoo and Corncrake were
observed on migration, also a Whimbrel, and Common Sand-
pipers in little parties among the rocks by the Bill, sometimes
as many as 17 in a party. Other birds observed included
House Sparrow, Linnet (in flocks), Yellow Bunting, Hedge
Sparrow, Rock Pipit, Song Thrush, Blackbird, Stonechat,
Greenfinch, Goldfinch, Starling, Jackdaw, Carrion Crow,
Rook (a rookery of some 80 pairs), Kestrel, Sparrow Hawk,
Stock Dove, Partridge, and a single Hooded Crow. Herring-
gulls, Guillemots, Razorbills and Puffins were in good numbers
at their breeding stations on the S.W. side, a few of the gulls
also breeding on the E. side below the prison; and there were
on the island one breeding pair each of Raven and Peregrine
Falcon. Other sea-birds seen, but apparently not intending
to breed there, were Oyster-catcher, Cormorant, Lesser and
Greater Black-backed Gulls, Kittiwake, Gannet and Manx
Shearwater. No Swallows and Martins were observed during
the visit, but they were both reported on May 5th; and on the
night of May 11-12 with a south wind and thick fog a Sedge
Warbler killed itself by striking the lantern. Wheatears, the
' Snalters ' of the Portlanders, do not now pass through
Portland in the numbers of former years. An old resident
told F.L.B. that regular snaring of these birds had been
discontinued for some 20 or 30 years, but that he could
remember an old woman, who lived near Pensylvania Castle,
who received them from the trappers at 9d. a dozen, to be sold in
Weymouth, to which town one man used to take half-a-bushel
of birds three times a week at the end of July and during
98 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
August. (See also Dorset Field Club Proceedings, Vol. XXXVII,
p. 251). While on the subject of Portland it may be remarked
that from reports from the lighthouse keepers and others it
appears that the Turtle Dove frequently enters the County by
this route, and that in the autumn the Tree Sparrow, a scarce
species in Dorset, consorts with the vast flocks of roaming
linnets, greenfinches and other species on the stubbles near
the Bill. F.L.B. identified a number of Tree Sparrows among
the ' finch-flocks ' on October 10th, while on September 18th
a very large number of Swallows were all over the ' Isle '
gathering for departure. On this latter date Yellow Wagtails,
Whinchats and Wheatears were also travelling.
The Common Terns were present at their breeding station
on the Chesil in good numbers in 1919, but left unusually
early, not one being seen there by F.L.B. on August 1st. It
is believed that the colony was raided by rooks, owls and foxes;
and these apparently by carrying off eggs and young caused
the birds to leave earlier than usual. A keeper at Abbotsbury
told F.L.B. that he had actually found young Terns in the
nests of tawny owls in the woods !
Swanagc and District. F.L.B. was at Swanage for most of
the time from June 16 29. 'Rock-birds' were breeding in
good numbers between Durlston Head and St. Aldhelm's Head,
Guillemots decidely the most numerous, but Puffins also in
large numbers, and Razorbills rather less common. The chief
colonies of these three species on this part of the coast
are at Tilly Whim, Dancing Ledge, Seacombe, and from
Winspit to St. Aldhelm's Head, especially along the S.E. of
the Headland. The chief colonies of Herring Gulls were:
on the chalk face of Ballard Down, West of Anvil Point, East
of Dancing Ledge, and especially along the cliffs from
Seacombe to St. Aldhelm's Head, where some 250 pairs were
breeding. Both species of Black-backed Gulls may be seen
in summer; but positive proof of breeding is still wanting,
though a pair or two of the Lesser species very possibly nest
with the Herring Gulls. A pair or two of Shags appeared to
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 99
he breeding near Anvil Point, and a few Cormorants on the E.
side of St. Aldhelm's Head, while Jackdaws were numerous
along the cliffs and Kestrels were also present, and both Raven
and Peregrine Falcon have more than one eyrie each, the exact
positions of which it is perhaps safer not to publish. On June
26th a Little Owl flew from Tilly Whim Caves.
The Heath from Arne to Studland is a very interesting bird
resort. On June 18th some 60 pairs of Black-headed Gulls
were breeding on Littlesea, but only about 30 pairs were seen
on the Rempstone Heath Gull Pond, where formerly there
was a vast colony. Apparently, this year, a raid had been made
on the eggs, though the owner carefully protects the birds as
far as possible; and many of the birds had in consequence
removed elsewhere.
In two or three colonies on the East side of Arne, as at
Patchin's Point and among the rice-grass S.E. of Grip Heath,
were situated the main colonies, consisting in all of perhaps
nearly 1,000 pairs, while a considerable colony breeds also
on Morden Heath N.W. of Wareham, and odd pairs in many
other spots in the district. The Dartford Warbler still exists
on the heath, and F.L.B. had the good fortune to see it, and
also breeding pairs of Nightjar, Redshank and Curlew, and
he only just missed seeing Montagu's Harrier, which was
observed by a friend; Sheld-duck were breeding; and there
is some evidence that Teal were breeding as well, while,
on June 18th, F.L.B. saw three Wigeon on Littlesea which
were possibly pricked birds remaining to breed, as, from
evidence received from good observers, the species has
abnormally hatched young in the locality. On Arne is the
largest Heronry in the County, situated in fir trees, and
consisting of perhaps 40 pairs of birds, though some put the
numbers higher. The Cirl Bunting, a local species, was not
uncommon between Swanage and Studland.
From the Mclbniy District:
The chief note of interest in 1919 was of a very fine show
of duck, on the large lake in the Park, at Melbury Sampford,
on Feb. 12th, during a 'cold snap.' The water was nearly
100 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
frozen over; but in the open space and on the ice were some
500 wild-fowl, consisting of about 150 Mallard, 220 Teal, 12
Wigeon, 18 Shoveler, 6 Pintail, 50 Pochard, 20 Tufted Duck
and 10 Coot, all genuine wild birds in splendid plumage, a
sight worth going a long way to see ! Siskins and Bramblings
were more abundant at the end of the year than usual, a good
number of each being observed from November onwards, and
this was also noted from other parts of the county.
Among the most interesting bird notes sent in from other
observers are the following: Stone Curlews breeding nearly
as far west as Beaminster (R. Hine) ; the same species observed
on the chalk, Central Dorset (F.L.B.); Long-eared Owl (2 eggs
May 24) nesting at Arne (D.D.); Common Buzzard seen at
Encombe Nov. 13th (D.D.); same species on several occasions
at end of year, Melbury Park (F.L.B.); Peregrine Falcon
breeding in W. of County (A. B. Hut ton) ; Marsh Warblers
breeding in some numbers in Blanclford district (W. J. Ashford);
76 Pochards and a few Tufted Ducks in Poole Park Dec. 8th
(F.G.P.); about 6 Terns which S.E.V.F. saw and thought were
White- winged Black Terns (but possibly were Black Terns) in
a bog for several days near Wool in early May a very
interesting record, as these ' Marsh Terns ' were probably
visiting an ancient breeding haunt of the species. S.E.V.F.
also reports 15 Little Owls killed near Wareham, and answers
the question on Whinchat breeding in Dorset* (see 191
Report) by stating that he used to find the species nesting on
the Ridgeway between Dorchester and Weymouth. Dr. J. H.
Sailer, of Verwood, a first-class field naturalist, also sent a
very interesting report on birds in his pine and heath district,
the most important of which perhaps refer to the existence of
the Dartford Warbler and Woodlark, the common breeding
of the Lesser Redpoll in small trees in pine plantations, and
the sad announcement of a pair of gibbeted Hobbies, on the
estate of a county nobleman who surely cannot have been
* Dorset Field Club Proceedings, Vol. XL, p. 69:
FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC. 101
aware that his game-keepers had murdered these useful and
rare little falcons, violating thereby the law of the land !
The end of the war has been the reverse of a blessing to
many rare and beautiful species of birds, which, in the absence
of keepers on service, were beginning to increase. The
slaughter of a pair of Hobbies in the breeding season is
deserving of the severest censure. The species visits the county
to breed in very small numbers, and does no harm to game.
On June 26th F.G.P. saw one flying over a large wood in the
middle of the county.
1920 NOTE.
WALL CREEPER (Tichodroma muraria). Two seen, one at
very close range, on April 24th, at Chilfrome by Mr. E. P.
Gundiy. Recorded by F.L.B. in 'British Birch' vol. XIV,
p. 40. The first record of the occurrence of this bird in
Dorset.
LEPIDOPTERA.
Colias cdnsa. Aug, 15th, 3, Tincleton, and Sept. 6th, 1, East
Stoke (F.H.H.); a var. Aug. 26th, Studland (W.P.C.); Sept.
9th, 1, Evershot (F.L.B.)
Liminitis sibylla. July 831, 20 seen Purbeck (D.D.)
Vanessa polychloros. Apr. 13th, 1, in Melbury Osmund Church
(F.L.B.)
Argynnis paphia var. valczina. Aug. llth, near Wool (F.H.H.)
Mclitaea aurinca.. May 24th and onwards in several spots
near Yetminster (F.L.B.). June 2nd, out, but getting worn,
Hod Hill, specimens large and somewhat pale (W.P.C.)
Thechi W. album. A female on a bramble blossom seen, in
the W. Dorset locality, with the white lines a little broader
than usual, and, on one of the hind wings, the top end of
the line finished in a large irregular white blotch (A. R.
Hay ward}.
Lycacna aegon. Emerging June 18th, Studland (F.L.B.)
102 FIRST APPEARANCES OF BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.
L. adonis. 3 males and 1 female aberrations with obsolete
spotting, June 2nd. Hod Hill (W.P.C.)
Adopaea actaeon (in numbers) and Melanargta galatca (out),
June 18th (F.H.H.); and these two species with Argynnis
aglaia on wing, June 28th, Luhvorth Cove (F.L.B.)
Hemaris bombyliformis. May 18th, Parkstone (W.P.C.)
Drymonia chaonia and D. dodonca (larva), Dorset boundary
near Misterton (A. R. Hayward).
Acronycta leporina. July llth, Melbury Osmund (F.L.B.)
Triphoena fimbria, June 29th, Swanage (F.L.B.)
Acontia luduosa. Female, Aug. 6th, Hod Hill (A.R. Hayward).
Mesotype virgata, several Aug. 6th, Hod Hill (F.L.B. &A.R.H.)
1920 NOTE.
Toeniocampa opima at light, April 6th, Melbury Osmund
Rectory, (F.L.B.), apparently the first record for Dorset.
THE APPEARANCES OF THE SCHEDULED INSECTS, 1919.
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Kook
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Cuckoo
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A nenione nemorosa
Wood Anemone
Ranunculus ficavia
Lesser Celandine
Caltha palustris
Marsh Marigold
Cardamine pratensis
Meadow Lady's Smock
Sisymbrium alliaria
Garlic Hedge-mustard
Viola Reicheubachiana
Dog Violet
Stollaria holostea
Greater Stitchwort
Geranium robertianum
Herb Robert
53sculus hippocastanum
Horse Chestnut
Vicia sepium
Bush Vetch
PrunuB spiuosa
Black Thorn
Rosa canina
Dog Rose
CratfBgus oxyacantha
Hawthorn
Hedera helix
Ivy
Cornus sanguinea
Dogwood
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Wild Teasel
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Devil's Bit
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Knapweed
Carduus arvensis
Field Thistle
Tussilago farfara
Coltsfoot
Achillea millefolium
Yarrow
Chrysanthemum leucanthe-
nuuii Ox-eye Daisy
Hieracium pilosella
Mouse-ear Hawkweed
Campanula rotundifolia
Harebell
Convolvulus sepium
Greater Bindweed
Mentha aquatica
Water Mint
Nepeta glechoma
Ground Ivy
Corylus avellana
Hazel
Primula veria
Cowslip
Scilla nutans
Bluebell
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By the Rev. H. H. TILNEY BASSETT, R.D.
XCESSIVE rainfall was the marked character of
the year 1919. The winter months on the whole
were very mild; but there was an exceptional cold
snap at the end of April, snow falling heavily
during the evening of the 27th, and snow lay on the ground
over an inch deep on the morning of the 28th; and in Wiltshire
over half-a-foot was measured in places. But perhaps a
feature of the year to be noted was the almost total absence of
thunderstorms.
The longest spells of rainless weather were from May 15th
to June 19th, July 22nd to August 16th, October 2nd to llth.
During the long drought between May 15th and June 19th a
number of birds perished. The average rainfall for the year
calculated from 17 stations marked with an asterisk in the
tables was 34'531in. The average for the 64 years 1853 to
1919, 34'726in. The heaviest fall in the 24 hours throughout
the county occurred on August 27th, the greatest fall being
registered on that day at 19 stations. Eight observers record
the greatest record on December 1st; three observers, October
RAINFALL IX DORSET. 109
24th; three observers, January 3rd; three, February 16th; and
two observers, July 19th. The heaviest fall in the 24 hours was
registered at Winterborne Whitchurch, August 27th, 2'01in.
Days with fall of one or more inches in the 24 hours: One
station records 7 such days; two stations, 6; six stations, 5; ten
stations, 4; twelve stations, 3; three stations, 2; one station, 1.
The maxima of wet days were recorded at Sherborne, 193;
Wimborne, 192; Toller Porcorum, 190; Beaminster, 186;
Turn worth, 184. The minimum, Blandford, 126.
OBSERVERS' NOTES.
BEAMINSTER, HAMILTON LODGE. The average yearly rain-
fall here is 38'34. The rainfall of 1919 was therefore 3 '48
above the average.
January was the wettest month ever recorded here, 7'80 in.
(the record commenced in 1873), and the wettest month since
December, 1915.
BRADFORD PEVERELL. On November 9th there was thunder
and lightning with heavy rain between five and six in the
evening with the temperature 38.
CHICKERELL, MONTEVIDEO. November 10th 16th, rather
hard frost, all tender plants cut. March 28th and November
9th, thunderstorm. May 18th June 18th inclusive, an
exceptionally long drought of 32 days, during which no record
of rain was made. A few drops fell on June 4th, but much
under '01 of an inch. In spite of this and many other shorter
periods of fine weather the total fall, 31 '14 inches, was above
the average (29'63 inches) for 18 years at this station.
DORCHESTER, WOLLASTON HOUSE. The year passed without
any record of a thunderstorm over Dorchester. I only once
heard a clap of^ thunder some miles away.
GUSSAGE ST. MICHAEL,. Feb. 18th, water registered \vas
from snow. September 9th, a heavy dew. November 12th,
'08, a snowstorm lasting under the hour.
HORTON VICARAGE. January 14th, bright solar halo seen.
110 RAINFALL IN DORSET.
WINTKRBORXE WHiTCHURCH. January. Rain fell on 22
days; on two occasions over an inch fell in the 24 hours, 4th and
19th, I'Ol, 1'05. The highest temperature was registered on
the 15th, 51'0; the lowest, the night of the 24th, 20'0; the
coldest day was the 31st, when temperature failed to rise above
29.0. The warmest night was that of the 14th, 48'0. Snow
fell lightly during the whole of the 31st.
February. Rain fell on 15 days, the heavest fall in the 24
hours occurred on the 16th, 1'04; total rainfall for the month,
4'01. The warmest day was the 20th, 52'0 in shade; coldest
night, the 7th, 21 '0; coldest day, the 10th, the temperature
did not rise above 33 '0; warmest night was that of the 20th,
45 '0.
March. A very cold month. The highest temperature was
registered on the 2nd, 55'0; the lowest, the night of the 30th,
27'0. Rain fell on 19 days; the heaviest fall in 24 hours was
0'75 inches on the 4th. Total, 5 '36 inches. Snow fell heavily
for short periods on the last two days of the month.
April. Rain fell on 14 days ; the heaviest fall in the 24
hours was registered on the 13th, 0'55 inches. The hottest
day was the 19th, when the temperature rose to 7l'0 in shade.
The coldest, the night of the 2nd, 25'0. Snow fell fast from
6 p.m. and onwards during the night of the 27th ; snow to the
depth of 2 inches lay on the ground the morning of the 28th.
Total rainfall, l'97in.
May. This month was remarkable for the commencement
of the great drought which began on the 15th and continued
without a break till June 19th, a period of 35 days. Rain fell
on 7 days; the heaviest fall occurred on the 14th, 0'25 inches.
The highest temperature was registered on the 30th, 78'0; the
lowest, the night of the 17th, 34'0. Total rainfall 0'90in.
Distant thunder heard between 4 and 5 a.m. the 15th.
June. Rain fell on 6 days; the heaviest fall in 24 hours
occurred on the 20th, 0'41 inches. A feature of the month was
the remarkable number of cold nights, the temperature falling
on no less than seven nights considerably below 40; the
RAINFALL IN DORSET. Ill
coldest night was that of the 14th-l5th, when the temperature
fell to 35 '0, the maximum for the 14th having been 73 '0, a
range of 38. The highest temperature for the month was
reached on the 10th, 79'0. Total rainfall, 079 inches.
July. Rain fell on ten days; the heaviest fall occurred on the
19th, 1'04 inches. The highest temperature reached was 76'0;
the lowest, 37'0, the night of the 30th. The thermometer also
fell to 38 on the night of the 3rd, exceptionally low readings
for the time of the year. Very distant thunder was heard to
the N.W., at 5 p.m., on the 5th. Total rainfall, 2'52 inches.
August. Rain fell on eight days; the heaviest fall in the 24
hours occurred on the 26th, 2'01 in. Hot and summer-like
weather prevailed during the first 17 days. The hottest day
was the 9th, when the thermometer rose to 85 in the shade.
The coldest night was the 8th, when the temperature fell to
41 '0. Total rainfall, 3'39 inches.
September. Rain fell on nine days ; the heaviest fall in the
24 hours occurred on the 3rd, 0'61 inches. The hottest day
was the 1 1th, when the thermometer rose to 82'0. The coldest
night was the 28th, when the temperature fell to 27'0. Total
rainfall, 1'75 inches.
October. There was a bright display of Northern Light the
evening of the 1st, to the N.W. Rain fell on eight days; the
heaviest fall in the 24 hours occurred on the 24th, 0'95 inches.
The highest temperature was registered on the 6th, 66'0 ; the
lowest observed occurred during the night of the 16th, 25'0.
Tota rainfall, 1'88 inches.
November. On the 9th there were several peals of thunder
about 5 p.m., followed by a snow shower. Rain fell on 16
days. The heaviest fall in the 24 hours was registered on the
28th, 0'92 inches; snow and rain fell on the 27th. The highest
temperature occurred on the 22nd, 55'0; the lowest during the
night of the 29th, 20'0. Total rainfall, 2'98 inches.
December. A very stormy and wet month, rain falling on 22
days; the heaviest fall in the 24 hours occurred on the 1st,
1'05 inches. The warmest day was the 23rd, 54'0; the coldest
night, that of the 16th, 25 "0. Total rainfall, 6'22 inches.
112
RAINFALL IN DORSET.
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INDEX TO VOLUME XLI.
Abbotsbury, Visit of Club to, xxvii.
Acland. Capt. J. E.. F.S.A., Vice-
President and Hon. Treasurer ;
Hon. Secretary and Curator,
of the Dorset County Museum,
xxxv, xxxvi, xxxix, xliv, xlv.
Ancient Cottages in Dorset, xxxix.
Anniversary Address, President's, 1.
Banister John, "Treatise on
Chyrurgerie," xli.
Bassett, Rev. H. H. Tilney, R.D.,
Hon. Editor of Rainfall
Returns, xlv, 108.
Birds, First Appearances of, in
Dorset, 104.
Notes on, 96.
Blathwayt, Rev. F. L., M.B O.U.,
Hon. Editor of Phenological
Report, xlv, 95.
Cockcraft, Rev. W. Owen, xxvii, 49.
Colour Sense in a Keyhole-wasp, 92.
Cornish-Browne, C. J., xlv.
Elvves, Capt. G. R., Vice-President.
xlii, xlv.
Fletcher, Rev. Canon J. M. J., Vice-
and Hon. Editor, xxx, xxxii,
xlii, xlv.
Hewgill, C. W., xxxv.
Insects, First Appearance of, in
Dorset, 103.
Keyhole-wasp, xxxv, 92.
Le Fleming, E. Kaye, B.A., M.B.,
xxxiii, xl, 39.
Leper Chapel at Wimborne, xxxii.
Lepidoptera, 1C1.
Mansell-Pleydell Prize Medal, xlii, 55.
Monmouth Ash, near Horton, xxxiii.
Duke of, xxxiii.
Museum, Dorset County, Recent
Acquisitions, xliv.
Norman, W. C., xxxvii, xl, 34.
Oliver, Vere L., F.S. A., xxxvii. xlii, 55.
Pentin, Rev. H., M.A., Vice-President
and Hon. Secretary, xxxv,
xxxvi, xxxix xlii, xlv.
Plants. Earliest Dorset Records
(1919). 106.
Pope. Alfred, F.S.A., Vice-President,
xxviii, xxxiv, xxxvii, xl, xlii,
xlv.
Pouncy, Harry, Assistant Secretary,
xxxvii.
President's Annual Address, 1.
Archaeology & Anthropology,
17.
Astronomy, 9.
Botany and Agriculture, 6.
Chemistry, 13.
Electricity, 12.,
Engineering, 15.
General, 19.
Geography, 16.
Geology, 7.
Meteorology, 12.
Obituary, 1.
Zoology, 2.
Rainfall Returns, 108.
Observers' Notes, 109.
Tables, 112.
Rawlence, E. A., xxxvii.
Richardson, Nelson M., B:A., Presi-
dent, xxvii, xxix, xxxiii, xxxv,
xxxvii, xxxix, xlii, xlv, 1.
Sandsfoot Castle, 34.
Symonds, Henry, F.S.A., Vice-
President, 22.
Tudor Houses in Dorset. 55.
Udall, His Honour J. S.. Vice-
President, xxxviii.
Volunteers, Dorset, during the
French Wars, 22.
Wasp, Keyhole, 92.
Weymouth, and the War, 1802-3,
109.
Weymouth, Sandsfoot Castle, 34.
Wimborne, Visit of Club to, xxx.
,, Minister, xxx.
,, St. Margaret's Leper
Chapel, xxxii.
Some Old Inns of, 39.
YYoodd, Rev. C. H. B., M.A.,xl.
GENERAL INDEX
OF THK
DORSET FIELD CLUB PROCEEDINGS "
COMPRISING VOLS. I TO XLI.
By HARRY POUNCY
(Assistant Secretary).
Abbotsbury, I, 50; VIII, xlii; XV. xxxiv; XLI, xxvii.
Abbey, VIII, 31; XLI, xxviii.
,, Antiquities, I, 50.
Castle (Earthwork), XXXI. liii.
Castle, Rare Trees in the Garden of, XV, xxxv and 184; XLI, xxix.
Church of St. Nicholas, VIII, xliii; XLI, xxvii.
Coffin chalice and paten, XXX, xxxix.
,, Fishing Rights, X, xxxii.
Netting Needles, XXVIII, xxxii.
St. Catherine's Chapel, VIII, xliv; XV, xxxv.
,, Swannery and Decoy, VIII, xlii; XLI, xxix.
Adam and Eve Dishes, II, 112.
Adders, British, Colour Variations of, XXII, xxviii and 43.
Affpiddle Church, XXXII, Ivii.
Alaska, Natural History of, XXV, 8.
Albian Fossils found at Okeford Fitzpaine, XVIII, 66.
Aldhelm's Cliapel, St., XIV, xxxi and 75.
Aimer Church, XXXI, xl.
Altars, Mediaeval, in Salisbury Cathedral, XIX, 1.
Alton Pancras, XXVIII, Iv.
Amesbury, XIX, xlii; XXXI, li.
Ammonites, New Species of, IV, 137.
Amphitheatre, Dorchester. (Vide " Maumburv Rings.")
Anaemia in Oats, V, 91.
Anning, Mary, XIII, xxxv.
Antoninus, Iter XV of the Itinerary, IV, 122.
XVI IV, 62.
Recollections of Wills of Hadrian and, XIV, 29.
116 GENERAL INDEX.
Aqueduct, Roman, at Poundbury, XXII, 80 and 84; XXIII, 1
Arachnida, Vide " Spiders."
Arms of Dorchester and Dorset, XVIII, 100.
Armswell, XV, xxxviii.
Arne Church, XXXI, xliii.
Ashe House, XIII, xxix.
Assizes in Dorset, 17th century, XXXIV, 17.
Astarte, Species of, II, 79.
Athelhampton Hall, XX, xli and 122; XXXII, liv.
,, " Last of the Martyns," XXX, xxxii.
Augmentation Books, XXXVI, 48.
Australia, the Naturalist in, XXVI, 160.
Australian Trees and Shrubs, XXXVII, 94.
Avebury and Excavations, XXX, Ixiv; XXXIV, xxx.
Axminster Church, XXV, Ixxi.
Bactrian Coins, XXV, xxvi.
Badbury Rings, V, 38; XI, xxviii and 16; XXVII, 1.
,, Roman Road from, to the Wiltshire Boundary, IX. 147.
Bagber, Romano-British Brick Kiln and British Barrow at, XVII, 127.
Barnes, Rev. Wm., B.D., In Memoriam, VIII, xv.
,, ,, Chronological List of Works of, VIII, xxvii; " Edge
Tools," XXXVII, 133.
Barnes, Rev. W. Miles, B.A., In Memoriam, XXXVII. 121.
Barneston Manor House, Purbeck, XXII, Ix.
Barrows of Dorset, V, 20; XXXVII, 40; XXXVIII. 74.
Exploration at Martinstown, XXV, xxvii; XXVI, 6.
and Circles, Ritual of, XXIX. 225.
Bath, XXVI, lii.
Abbey Church, XXVI, Iv.
The Roman Baths, XXVI, liii.
Beaminster, XXXII, xlii.
Beaulieu Abbey, XVII, xxviii; XXXIV, xxvii.
Beaver remains at Tarrant Keynston, XVI, xl.
Beets, Ennobling of, III, 104.
Belchalwell, XXXV, xl.
Belcmnoteuthis Montefiorei, III, 141.
Belgas in South Britain, VI, 33.
Bells of Dorset, Church, XVII, 80; XIX, 25: XXIV, 103; XXV, 33; XXVI,
204; XXVII, 93.
Bere Regis, VII, xxiii; VIII, 49; XX, xli.
Bettiscombe and the " Screaming Skull," XIX, xxix; XXXI, 176.
Bhompston Pond, Natural History of, XXXIII, 200.
GENERAL INDEX. 117
Bibles, Early English Printed, XXI, 193; XXVI, Ixxii.
Bindon Abbey and Wool Bridge, VII, xx and 54; XXVII, xl.
Hill, IV, 53.
Bingham's Melcombe, XV, xl; XXXVI, xxix.
Barrow, XXXVIII, 74.
Birds of Dorset, IX, xliii; XXVII, 188; XXXI, xliv; XXXIX, 45; XL, 41.
Birds, Observations on First Appearances of, X, 214; XI. 217; XII, 195;
XIII, 239; XIV, 201; XV, 195; XVI, 185; XVII, 197; XVIII,
185; XIX, 202; XX, 182; XXI, 236; XXII, 147; XXIII, 209;
XXIV, 178; XXV, 275; XXVI, 266; XXVII, 259; XXVIII, 258;
XXIX, 281; XXX, 238; XXXI, 267; XXXII, 239; XXXIII, 232;
XXXIV. 200 ; XXXV 181 ; XXXVI, 106 ; XXXVII, 140 ;
XXXVIII, 136; XXXIX, 86; XL, 68; XLI, 96.
Bishop's Caundle, XXXIII, xxi.
Bivalve Shell of a New Genus (Curvirostrum striatum), IV, 102.
Blackmore Vale, Old Jokes and Games, XXXVI, 6.
Blake, Wm., Pictures at Salterns, XIX, Ixvi.
Blashenwell. XXIX, xxxix; XXX, Ixxiii.
Tufaceous Deposit at, VII, 109; VIII, xxxvii; XVII, 67.
Bloody Cave at Bradford Abbas, V, 34.
Bloxworth Church, VII, xxiv and 99; XXXIV, 41.
,, Ancient Hour-glass and Stand, III, 34.
,, Armorials of Savage Family, X, 153.
Effects of a Flash of Lightning at, VIII, 74.
Whirlwind at, XVII, 76.
Bockley, or Bockerley, Dyke, and others in Dorset, V, 49; VI, xvii and 41;
VIII, xli;X, xvii; XII, xxx.
Bos priiiriqcnius, with relation to Palaeolithic and Neolithic Man, X, xxiv
and 81.
Botany (chiefly Geographical) Notes, X, 47. See also under Flora, &c,
of a Dorset Parish, II, 32.
Dorset Plants, XVII, xlviii; XXVI, 75.
Bound Oak, III, 25.
Bournemouth, Geology of, VII, 28; XVI, xxvi.
Leaf Beds, XVI, 178.
Bracelet, Supposed Saxon Workmanship, I, 38.
Brachiopoda from Inferior Oolite of Bradford Abbas and its Vicinity, I, 73.
,, Dorset and a portion of Somerset, IV, 1.
Bradford Abbas Church. XII. xxiv; XXXIV. xxxvii.
Fossil Beds of, I, 64.
Diggings at East Farm, II, 53.
on Avon, XXVI, xlviii.
Peverell Church. XVI. xxviii.
118 GENERAL INDEX.
Brasses of Dorset, Ancient Memorial, XXIII, 195; XXV, 144; XXVII, 234;
XXVIII, 225; XXIX, 273; XXXII, 213; XXXIII, xii; XXXIV, 158;
XXXV, 75; XXXVI, 225; XXXVII, 124; XL, 48.
in Fleet Old Church. XIX, 59.
Brick Kiln and British Barrow at Bagber, XVII, 127.
Bridges, Dorset, XXIX, 251.
Bridport, 14th century, XXVIII. 96.
,, Corporation Records, XI, xxiv and 97; XXV, lix.
Geology, XI, 109.
Harbour, XXXIII, 161.
the Fault in Cliff West of, XI, 118.
Shingle, XL, 53.
Britford Church, Salisbury, XXII. Ixx.
British Village Settlements, XXVIII, xlvii; XXXIII, 34.
Broadwindsor, XXXII. xliii.
Brockenhurst Church, XVII, xxvii.
Bronze, Notes on, XXI, 40.
,, Implements found at Lulworth, XXV, xxiii.
Brownsea Island, XXVI, Ixi and 187.
Brympton, XXIX, Ixxxvi.
Buckland Newton, X, xxiii; XXVIII, Ivi.
Parish Register of, X, 97.
Buckman, Professor James,, First Editor, Preface I, ix.
In Memoriam, VII, 1.
Burial Custom in Dorset, XIV, 182; XXXVII, xliv.
Burning Cliff at Holworth, XXV, xl.
at Lyme Regis, XXIX, 153.
Burton Bradstcck, XXVIII, xxxv; XXXI, Ivi.
Buzbury Encampment, IV, 95; XVIII, xxxv.
"Buttony " in Dorset, XXXV, 71.
Cadbury Castle, XII, xxvii.
Cambridge, Rev. O. Pickard, In Memoriam, XXXVIII, xli.
Canada, Snows of, XXIII, 58.
Canford Church, X, 146.
Manor, X, xxvii.
Cann, Lead Coffin at, XXXVIII, 68.
Castoridce, Castor Fiber, XVI, 163.
Cattistock Old Church, XXIII, Ivi.
Cecil, Lord Eustace, Election as President, XXIII, xxxir.
Cecil and Mansel-Pleydell Medals and Prizes, Foundation of, XXVI, xxix.
Cerne Abbey, X, xx; XXII, xl; XXXIV, xl.
Barn, X, 187; XXII. xliii and 64.
GENERAL INDEX. 119
Cerne Book of, XXI, 158.
Cartulary, XXVIII. 65; XXIX, 195.
Church, X, xxi; XXII, xxxix; XXIX, 1.
Giant, X, xxii; XXII, xliii and 101.
Chalbury Rings and Rimbury, XXI, xxxv and 188.
Chalk of Dorset, I, 11; XVI, xxx.
Chard Church, IX, xxx and 5.
Chardstock, XL, 35.
Chantries, Dorset, XXVII, 214; XXVIII, 12; XXIX, 30; XXX, 13; XXXI, 85.
Charles I, Relics, XXX, xxxii and 236.
II in the Channel Islands, XXV, 172.
, ., Dorset, VIII, 9; XXV, xlviii, XXXIV, xxxvi.
., ,, Musical Cryptograph, XLI, xxxvi.
Charlock, Remarkable Deformity in Flowering Head of, XII, 157.
Charminster Church, XV, xlvii; XVII, xliii and xlv; XVIII, li; XXXIV, xxxix.
Charmouth, King Charles II at, XXV, Ix.
Cheddar Caves, XXIX, lix.
Chedington Court, XXXII, xliv.
Chelonian Reptile from the Middle Purbecks (Fossil), I, 7; VI, 66; XXX, 143;
XL, 21.
Cherry, The, II, 76.
Tree at Over Compton, II, 93.
Cheselbourne Church, XXXVI, xxx.
Chesil Beach, XIX, xxxiv; XXIII, xix and xliii; XXIV, 1; XXVI, Ixv.
,, Birds of the, XL, 41.
Fish recently taken on the, X, 162.
Flora, X, xxx.
Grading of the Shingle, XIX, 113; XL, 53.
Movements of Load of Brickbats, XXIII, 123.
Chickerell Church, XIX, xxxv and 55.
Fossil Crocodile at. XX, 171.
Christchurch Priory. VI, xv; XVI, xxvii; XXXVI, xxxii.
Church Bands, the Old, of the Past Century, XXVI, 172.
Bells of Dorset, XIX, 25 ; XXIV, 103 ; XXV, 33 ; XXVI, 204; XXVII. 93.
Goods of Dorset. 1552, XXV, 196; XXVI, 102.
Plate, IX, xlii; XXX. xxxix.
,, Livings in Dorset, Commission on, XVII, xlvii.
Towers, XXVIII, 245.
Churches in Dorchester Rural Deanery (Dorchester portion) Historical and
Descriptive Sketch, XII, 36.
" Restored," XXXIX, 97; XL, 85.
Churchills and Digbys. Minterne, Its Connection with the, X, 89.
Cimoliosaurus Richardsoni, Lydekker, n. sp., X, xviii and 171.
Cistercian Order, The, XVII, xxx.
Clausilia Rolphii (new to Dorset), XIX, 109.
120 GENERAL INDEX.
Clavell Family, The, XI; xxvi.
Cleeve Abbey, XXX, lix.
Clifton Maubank, XII, xxv; XXXIV. xxxvii.
Coal in Dorset, XXII, Ixvii.
Coast Changes, XX, 109.
Coins found and struck in Dorset, XXVII, xxvii; XXVIII, 159; XXX, 58;
XXXV, li.
Colour Sense in a Keyhole Wasp, XLI, 92.
Contoured Maps, on the Reading of, XXIII, 41.
Coombe Pyne, XIII, xxxi; XXV, Ixx.
Coram, Captain Thomas, and the Foundling Hospital, XIII, 144.
Corfe Castle, I, 5; VIII, xxxix; XVIII, xxxviii; XXIX, xlix; XXXIII, 50.
Cornbrash of Closvvorth, Note on a Gavial Skull from the, I, 28.
Sections in Dorset, I, 7 and 22.
Coronella l&vis, VII, 84.
Corton, VIII, xliii and 71; XV, xxxiv.
Corton, Ancient Free Chapel, XV, 164.
Courts of Law holden in Weymouth and Melcombe Regis in XVI and XVII.
Centuries, I, 15.
Cranborne, Castle Hill, XI, 148.
and Tewkesbury, Ancient Connection between, VIII, 29,
Chase, XXIII, xxxiii; XXXIV, 31.
Manor House and Church, VIII, xl; XXIII, xxxv; XXXII, 55.
So-called Castle, IV, 134; VIII, xli.
Creech Barrow, XXII, liv; XXIII, 146.
Crichel House, XXXV, xxx.
Cromlech, Notes on the Portesham, II, 104 (see " Helstone ").
Cross-legged Effigies in Dorset, XXVII, 1.
Crosses, XXVII, xxxi; XXXI, xxxi.
Queen Eleanor, XXVIII, 209.
Culpepper's Dish, XXXII, lix.
Cumming, M.D., William, XXIV, 34.
Daniel Defoe in Dorset, I, 67.
Decoys and Swan Marks, VIII, xlii and 1.
Dewlish Elephant Bed, XIV, 139; XXXVI, xxvii and 209.
Elephas Meridionalis, found at, X, 1.
Dewponds in Dorset, XXXIII, 22.
Dicker, Rev. C. W. Hamilton, In Mcnwriam, XXXIII, xxix; XXXIV, 41.
Digbys. Minterne, Its Connection with the Churchills and, X, 89.
Dinosaur (Iguanodon ?) Footprints from the Purbeck Beds of Swanage,
XVII, 115.
Doggerel Rymes, Dorset Children's, XXXVIII, 112.
Dog Violet, Note on, I, 36.
GENERAL INDEX. 121
Domesday, Notes oh a Book called, belonging to the Mayor and Corporation
of Dorchester, XI, 34.
Dorchester, I, 7; XIV, xxii; Ancient, VI, 14.
Antiquities of, XVI, 150; XXII, xxiv.
Amphitheatre, VII, 66. (Vide Maumbury Kings.)
Aqueduct, Roman, XXII, 80 and 84; XXIII, 1.
Arms of, XVII, 100.
Bronze Hair Pin from, IV, 104.
Excavations on site of the Roman Defences, XXXVI, 1.
Churches in Rural Deanery of, XII, 36.
Gallows, XXXII, 61.
History of, XX, 128.
Human Remains found at Wareham House, XIV, 105.
Man's Common-place Book, XVI, xli.
Maumbury Rings and Excavations, VII, 66; XIV, xxiii; XXIX,
Ixxxix and 256; XXX, xxviii and 215; XXXI, 232; XXXIII, xi;
XXXIII, 45; XXXIV, 81; XXXV, 88.
Museum (Dorset County), I, 7; XIV, xxii; XVI, xxii; XVII, xxii;
XVIII, xxii; XIX, xxiii and lii; XX, xxix; XXI, xxiii; XXII, xxviii;
XXIII, xxiv; XXIV, xlviii; XXIX, 126; XXXI, 24; XXXII 23;
XXXIII, 144; XXXIV, 1; XXXV, li; XXXVI, xlvi; XXXVII,
xxviii; XXXVIII, xxxvi; XXXIX, xxxvi; XL, xxxiv; XLI, xliv.
Notes on Book called Domesday, XI, 34.
Minute Book belonging to Corporation, X, 71; XV, 142.
Roman Defences, XII, 135.
Saxon Pendant, II, 109.
Walks and Avenues, XXXVIII, 23.
Water Supply of Ancient, XXII, 80 and 84.
Dorset Assizes, XXXIV, 17.
Barrows, XXXVII, 40.
Books, XXVII, 271; XXVIII, 280; XXIX, 293;XXX, 252; XXXI, 281.
Burial, Death, and Marriage Customs and Superstitions, XIV, 182;
XXXVII, xliv.
Chantries, XXVII, 214; XXVIII, 12; XXIX, 30; XXX, 13; XXXI, 85.
Coins, XXVII, xxvii; XXVIII, 159; XXX, 58; XXXV, li.
Deeds, XXX, liv; XXXII, 95.
Dewponds, XXXIII, 22.
Dialect : Poems in the, by Rev. Wm. Barnes, XXVI, 222.
Early Man in, XXXVI, 28.
Flora, XV, 74; XXIX, 14 and 119; XXX, 116.
Gaol and the Monmouth Rebellion, XXV, 140.
,, History " Recovered," VIII, xxxvi.
Inventory of 1627, XXXV, 41.
Memorial Brass.es, XXIII, 195; XXV. 144; XXVII, 234;XXVIII, 225;
XXIX, 273; XXXII, 213; XXXIII, .vii; XXXIV, 158; XXXV, 75;
XXXVI, 225; XXXVII, 124, XL. 48.
122 GENERAL INDEX.
Dorset Settlement in Massachusetts, VIII, 1.
Soldiers, Tudor and Stuart, XXXVIII, 34.
Stone Implements, XII, 16.
Topography, Old, XXIV, xxviii.
Volunteers, XXXII, 70; XLI, xxxvii and 22.
Dotterell in Dorset, VI, 29.
Dovvnton Church, XXII, Ixxiv.
Moot, XXII, Ixxv.
Druidical Circle, Megalithic Remains at Poxwell, VI, 55; XXI, 150.
Dudsbury Camp, XIX, Ixiii.
Dungeon or Dunset Camp, XXI, xxx and 203.
Dunster Castle, XXX, Ixvi.
Durden, of Blandford, In Memoriatn, the late Mr., XIII, xvii.
Durnovaria, Walls and Gates of, XIV, 44.
and Durotriges, Meaning of words, XXVII, xxxiii.
Earthquakes, Volcanoes and, VII, 5.
Earthworks of Cranborne Chase, XXXIV, 31.
Earwig, the Great, VIII, 61.
Eastbury House, XXX, Ivii.
Edmondsham House, VIII, xli.
Eggardun, Hill Fortress, I, 4; XX, xxxvii.
Critical and Material Examination, XXII, 28.
and British Tribeship, V, 40.
Its Camp and Its Geology, I, 4; XX, 174.
Eikon Basilike, XXVIII, xxxviii.
Elcpltas ntcridionaiis, found at Dewlish, X, xviii and 1.
Elksdon's Farm, XXV, Ix.
Ellingham Church, XV, 13.
Epischnia Bankesidla, Moth New to Science, from Portland, X, 192.
Eponymous Families of Dorset, XXII, 119.
Ergot, VIII, 67.
Erosion of Coast near Weymouth, X, 180.
Ethandun, Site of Battle, XLI, xxxvii.
Evershot Church, XVII, 64.
Exeter City and Cathedral, XXII. xliv.
Fairy Pipes, on so-called. II, 28.
Farnham Museum, XII. xxix.
Feast. Old Dorset, XXVIII, xxix.
Fiddleford Mill, XVI, xxxiv and 55.
GENERAL INDEX. 123
Fifehead Magdalen, XXIV, xxxix.
Neville Roman Villa, XXIV, Ixxiv. 172.
Fish of Dorset, Habits, Mode of Capture, &c., XVIII, 1.
Recently Taken on Chesil Beach, X, 162.
Fitz Grip, Barony of Wife of Hugh, XIV, 114.
Fleet, The, XXVI, Ixv.
Flora, XXVI, 251.
., Geology of the District, XXVI, Ixv.
Tides of, XXVI, Ixviii.
Old Church and Its Brasses, XIX, 59.
Flint Implements found at Portesham, XVII, 192.
Plateau Flint Implements, XIX, 130,
Worked, II, 97.
Floor Tiles, Mediaeval, XXX, 133.
Flora, British, Climatological and Geological Changes, XXI, 1.
of the Chesil Bank and Fleet, XXVI, 251.
Dorset, I, 8; XV, 74; XXIX, 14; XXX; 116.
Portland, XXXIII, 96.
Flowering of Plants, Observations on, X, 214; XI, 217; XII, 195; XIII, 239;
XIV, 201; XV, 195; XVI, 185; XVII, 197; XVIII, 185; XIX, 202;
XX, 182; XXI, 236; XXII, 147; XXIII, 209; XXIV, 178; XXV,
275; XXVI, 266; XXVII, 267; XXVIII, 266; XXIX, 286; XXX,
243; XXXI, 273; XXXII, 244; XXXIII, 232; XXXIV, 200; XXXV,
181; XXXVI, 144; XXXVII, 138; XXXVIII, 231; XXXIX, 92;
XL, 76; XLI, 106.
Folk Lore and Superstitions in Dorset, XXXV, 81 ; XXXVII, 56.
Folk Speech and Superstitions, Dorset, Relating to Natural History, X, 19.
Fonthill Abbey, XV, xxx.
Forde Abbey, IX, xxxii and 136; XXVIII, Ixxix.
Fordington, Notes on the Manor of, XIII, 152,
St. George. V, 94; XXX, 116 and 164.
Fossil Beds of Bradford Abbas, I, 64.
,, Crocodile (Stcneosauriis) at Chickerell, XX, 171.
Cycads, II, 1.
Forest, XIII, xxxvii; XXVIII, Ixiv.
Reptiles of Dorset, IX, 1.
Fossils from the Upper Greensand, in Dorset County Museum, XVII, 96.
Frampton and Church, XXIII, li; XXVIII, 168.
Frome and Longleat, XXVII, Ivii.
Valley, XXIII, 1.
Vauchurch, XXIII, Hi.
Fuddling Cup, XXIV, xxvi.
Fungi of Dorset, XXVII, 264; XXXIII, viii; XXXV, 143; XXXVI, 148.
124 GENERAL INDEX.
Gadcliff, XXII, Ixvi.
Games and Jokes, Old Dorset, XXXVI, 6.
Gandhara Sculptures, XXIV, 93.
Gasteropods, Series of Sinistral, III, 135.
Gavial Skull from Cornbrash of Closworth, I, 28.
Geology of Bournemouth, VII, 28; XXXI, 161.
Bovington, XXVIII, 189.
Burton Bradstock, XXVIII, xxxv; XXXI, Ivi.
Bridport, XI, 109.
Creech Barrow, XXII, liv.
Dorset Coast, XXVIII, Iviii.
Eggardon Hill, XX, 174.
Fleet District, XXVI, Ixv.
Kimmeridge Coast, XXVIII, Ixi.
Lulworth Coast, XXVIII, Ixii.
Osmington Coast, XXV, xl; XXVIII, Ixiii.
Portesham and District, XXIV, 194.
Portland, I, 1; VI, 58; XII, xviii.
Purbeck, XIV, xxxi; XXIII, 146; XXVIII, Iviii; XXXI, 141.
Shaftesbury and District, XXIV, lix.
St. Aldhelm's Head, XXVIII, Ixi; XXX, Ixxvii.
Vale of Wardour, V, 57.
Worgret, XXVII, 147.
Gerard, Thomas, of Trent, XXXV, 55.
Gillingham, XXXII, xlvi.
New Ichthyopterygian from Kimmeridge Clay of (Ophthalmosaurus
Plcydelli), XI, 7.
Glaciation of Dorset, XX, xxi.
South of the Thames, XIX, 130.
Gladiolus, wild, XXX, xxxii.
Glanvilles Wootton Church, XXI, 210.
Manor House Collections, XXI, xxx and 223.
Round Chimneys, XXI, 218.
Glass Rope Sponge, II, 21.
Bottles Stamped, I, 59.
Glastonbury Abbey, XIX, Ixxviii; XXIX, Ixix.
Lake Dwellings. XVIII. xliii; XIX, Ixxvi and 172; XXIX. Ixv.
Gold Ornaments. Ancient, IV, 158.
Golden Cap, IX, xxxiv.
" Grey Mare and Colts," XVI. xxxii.
Grimston. Ecclesiastical stones found at, XXXVI, xxxvii.
Gussage, St. Michael and All Saints' Churches. XVII. 80.
GENERAL INDEX.
125
H
Hadrian and Antoriirie,. Walls :of, XIV, 29.
Hairpin, Bronze, from Dorchester, IV, 104.
Hambledon Hill, XVI, xxxvi and 156.
Hampreston Church, XIX, Ix.
Hampshire Manor House, a By-road to History, XV, 1.
Handley, XXXV, 41.
Hardy, Thomas, O.M., D.Litt. (Oxon), VI, xiv.
Hazelbury Bryan Parish Church, XIV, 95; XV, xl.
Headborne Worthy Church, XXXII, Ixi.
Helstone on Ridge Hill, Portesham, II, 104; XV, 52; XVI, 175; XXIX, Ixxiii.
Hemsworth Roman Pavement, XXIX, Ixxxvii; XXX, xxix, xxxiv and 1.
Hilton Church, XXIX, 111.
Histionotus aiigularis,'KI, 91.
Histories of Dorset, XXIV, xxx.
Hod Hill, XVI, xxxiv; XIX, Ixxx.
Holme Priory, XI, 142; XIV, 108.
Horchester, XVII, xxxv.
Horseshoes, XXI, 137.
Horse Trappings, mediaeval, XXXII, 226.
Horton Church, XVII, xxxix.
Hourglass and Stand in Bloxworth Church, III, 34.
Easthope Much Wenlock, Shropshire, IX,
127.
Hours of the Virgin, Manuscript Book, XIV, 80.
Hutchins, Rev. John: History of Dorset, I, xi; XVI, xxviii.
" Humstrum," XXVI, xxxvii.
Ibberton, XXXV, xl.
Ichthyopterygian from Kimmeridge Clay of Gillingham, XI, 7.
Inferior Oolite Vertebrates, XXXVII, 48.
Inquisitiones Post Mortem for Dorset :
from Henry III to Richard III, XVII, 1.
Henry VII to Charles I, XX, 23.
Insects, Observations on the Appearances of, X, 214; XI, 217; XII, 195;
XIII, 239; XIV, 201; XV, 195; XVI, 185; XVII, 197; XVIII, 185;
XIX, 202; XX, 182; XXI, 236; XXII, 147; XXIII, 209; XXIV,
178; XXV, 275; XXVI, 266; XXVII, 269; XXVIII, 279; XXIX,
291; XXX, 248; XXXI, 279; XXXII, 247; XXXIII, 242; XXXIV,
214; XXXV, 196; XXXVI, 141; XXXVII, 187; XXXVIII, 206;
XXXIX, 94; XL, 78; XLI, 95.
Iron Deposits, the Abbotsbury, VIII, 64.
Iwerne Minster Church, XVI, 44,
126 GENERAL INDEX.
John, Dorset and King, Notes on Pipe Rolls, XV, 117; XVI, 129; XIX, 65.
,, King John's House, Cranborne, XXIII, xxxiii.
Tollard Royal, XXIV, 10.
of Gaunt's Kitchen, Canford, X, xxviii.
Jordan Cliff, Landslip on, XXII, 91.
Journal of Excursion to Eastbury and Bristol, 1767, Sir Joseph Banks, Bart.
XXI, 143.
Jupiter, Markings of, XXII, 56.
K
Kent's Hole, Torquay, XXII, xlviii.
Keyhole Wasp, Colour Sense, XLI, 92.
Kimmeridge Clay, I, 9; XI, xxvii.
,, Coal Money and other Articles manufactured from Kimmeridge
Shale, XIII, 178; XXX, xxvii.
Shale, XV, 172.
Kingston Churches, XI, xxvi; XXX, Ixxiii.
Lacy, XI, xxx and 159; XXVII, lii.
Lodge Farm, XXXIX, xxvii.
Maurward House, IX, xxvi.
Knapp, William, XXVIII, 216.
Knowlton Church and Earthwork, XVII, 135; XXXV, xxx.
Lacock Abbey and Village, XXXV, xxxvii.
Lake Dwellings at Glastonbury, XVIII, xliii; XIX, 172; XXIX, Ixv.
Lamprothamnus Alopccuroides (Braun) in Dorset, XIII, 163.
Landslip at Dowlands, XIII, xxxii; XXV, Ixviii; XXVI, 182; XXIX, 153.
Langton Herring, XIV, xlii and 165; XXVI, Ixiii.
Cross, XXVI, Ixiii.
Lavatcra silvcstris, VI, 74
Leafbeds, Bournemouth, XVI, 178.
Lcersia oryzoides, Order Ory/eae, a grass new to Dorset, XIX, 106.
Leigh Maze or Mizmaze, IV, 154.
Lepidoptera, Dorset, Rare and Local lately found, Vll.xxiv; VIII, xlix and 55.
Two Species New to Science :
Gelechia Portlandicella and Nepticula auromarginella,
XI, 174.
in 1891, XIII, 168; in 1919, XLI, 101.
Epischnia Bankesiclla, a Species New to Science, XV, 59,
GENERAL INDEX.
127
Lepidoptera, Hypena Obsitalis (Hiibner), Deltoid Moth New to Britain, VI, 70.
Lyccena Argiades (Pall), Butterfly New to Britain, VII, 79.
,, Moth New to Britain, Occurrence in Dorset of Butalis SiccdLi,
Zeller, IX, 118.
.. On Case of Apparent Substitution of Wing for Leg, XI, 64.
Moths, Dorset Clothes, and Their Habits, XVIII, 138.
Portland, I, 54; XI, 46; XVII, 146.
Purbeck, VI, 128; X, 197; XXXIV, 44.
Tinea subtilclla, a Species New to the British Fauna, XII, 161.
Tinea vinculclla, a Species New to British Fauna, XVI, 81.
Lightning at Bloxworth, Effects of a Flash of, VIII, 74.
Liscombe : Its Chapel, Monastic House, and Barn, XXVI, 1.
Little Bredy, XVI, xxxii.
Littlecote Hall, XXXIV, xxxiv.
Littlesea, Studland, VII, xxi.
Littorina rudis, Monstrosities of, XIII, 191.
Lobsters, XXXII, 73.
Longford Castle, Salisbury, XXII, Ixxii.
Lulworth Castle, XIII, xxxviii and 140; XXVII, xliii,
Louterell Psalter, XVI, xliii; XXVII, xlv.
Cove, XXVIII, Ixii.
Lunar Cruciform Halo, XXVI, xxxiv.
Rainbow, Double, XXIII, xxx; XXVIII, xxxi.
Lyme Regis, XIII, xxviii and xxxiv; XXIII, xxii; XXV, Ixiv; XXVI, 182\
XXXIII, xxi.
Lynchets, Problem of, XXIV, 67; XXV, xxx.
Lytchett Heath Gardens, XXVIII, Ixxiii.
M
Magic, XXXVI, 41.
Maiden Castle, I, 8, VI, xvii; XIV, xxiv and 55; XXIV, xxxiv.
Newton, XXIII, liii.
Malmesbury Abbey, XXXV, xxxv.
Mammalia of Dorset, XXIV, 18.
Mansel-Pleydell, J. C., Esq., Election as Foundation President, 1875, and
Memoir, I, xi.
Presentation of Testimonial to XVI, xlvii.
In Memoriam,, XXIII, Ixii.
The Memorial Fund XXVI, xxix.
Maples in Sherborne Park, I, 33.
Mapperton, XI. xxi; XX, xxxviii and 167.
Mappowder Church, XV, xxxviii.
Maps of Dorset, XXIV, xxxii.
March, Dr. H. Colley, F.S.A., Election as Hon. Sec., XXIII, xxxi.
In Memoriam, XXXVII, 116.
128 GENERAL INDEX.
Marlborough, XXXIV, xxx.
Marshwood, Barony of IX, xxxiv.
Greensand Hills of Vale of, XVIII, 174.
Martin family, Effigy of Member of, Puddletown Church, XIX, 150.
Martinstown : Barrow Digging, XXV, xxvii; XXVI, 6.
Massachusetts, U.S.A., Dorset Colony, IX, 100.
Maumbury Kings and Excavations, VII, 66; XIV, xxiii; XXIX, Ixxxix and
" 256; XXX, xxviii and 215; XXXI, 232; XXXIII, xi; XXXIII, 45;
XXXIV, 81; XXXV, 88.
Maze or Mizemaze at Leigh, IV, 154.
Meare Lake Village, XXIX, Ixvi.
Medals, Dorset, XXIX, 89.
Melbury House, XVII, xxxviii.
Melcombe Horsey, XXXVI, xxx.
Regis, (Vide Weymouth)
Melplash Court, XI, xxiii; XXXII, xxxix.
Mere Church, XX, xliii; XXXII, xlvii.
Meteors, November, XX, 99.
Milborne Port Church, XIV, 70.
Milton Abbas XXIV, Ixii.
Abbey IV, 78; XXIV, Ixv.
,, Declaration of Indulgence, XXV, 187.
Incised Slab, XXV, 191.
Legend of, XVI, xliv and 159.
Old Town, XXV, 1.
Registrum Abbathias, XXX, 197.
Some Antiquities, XXVI, 195.
St. Catherine's Chapel, XXIV, Ixiii.
Minsters of Wessex, XXXVIII, 59.
Minterne Church, XXII, xxxiv.
House and its Tapestry, X, xxii; XXII, xxxvi; XXXIV, xli.
,, Its Connection with the Churchills and Digbys, X, 89.
Missel Thrushes, Nesting of a Pair at Montevideo, Chickerell, XXIII, 67.
Mollusca, Land and Freshwater, VI, 76, 178.
from a Raised Beach at Portland, XVI, 171.
Monmouth's Rebellion, Rebels in the Duke of, V, 99.
,, Capture of The Duke at Monmouth's Ash, XLI, xxxiii.
Dorchester Gaol and the, XXV, 140.
Montacute, XXIX, Ixxxii.
Montevideo, Chickerell, Collections at, XIX, xxxv and 154; XXVI, Ixix.
Morel, the, III, 36.
Moreton, XXI, xxxvii.
Morton, Cardinal, III, 49.
Mosses of a Dorset Parish, V, 150.
Moyle's Court, XV, xxv.
Mycetozoa, XIII, xxxvi and 130,
GENERAL INDEX. 129
N
Natural History Notes, XIX, 43.
of Alaska, XXV, 8.
Naturalist in Australia, XXVI, 160.
Naturalist's Calendar for Dorset, Construction of, IX, xlii and 130.
Neolithic Kitchen Midden at Blashenwell, XVII, 67.
Netherbury Church, XI, xxiii.
Nettlecombe Tout, XV, xxxvi.
New Forest, XIV, xxv and 62; XXXV, xxxii.
Newton Manor, Swanage, XVIII, xliii and 45.
Newton Surmaville, XXXIV, xxxvii.
Norden Clay Pits (Corfe Castle), VIII, xxxix.
Normans in Dorset, XXXI, 115.
Oborne Church, XIV, xxviii.
Oidium Balsamii, IV, 110.
Okeford Fitzpaine, Albian Fossils discovered at, XVIII, 66.
Church, XXIV, Ixxiii.
,, Recent Discoveries at, IV, 91.
Old Glass Bottles from Thornford, I, 89.
Old Sarum, XIX, xli; XXXI, 1.
Oolite Beds of Sherborne, a Cone from the Inferior, V, 141.
Top of the Inferior, &c., XIV, 37.
Ophiodcs, XXVII, 176.
Ophinrella, a New Species of, IV, 56.
Ophthalmosaurus Pleydelli, New Ichthyopterygian, XI, 7.
Osmington Church, XXV, xxxix.
Over Compton, On the Cherry Tree at, I, 93.
Owermoigne Court, XXX, xlviii.
Pagan-Christian Overlap, XVIII, 116.
Parnham, XI, xxii; XX, xxxviii; XXI, 229; XXXII, xli.
Parsnips, on Ennobling of Roots, IV, 105.
Peat Mosses, Charred Pinewood from Dorset, XVI, xl and 14.
Pennsylvania Castle, XII, xx; XXIII, xlvii.
Pentin, Rev. Herbert, M.A., Election as Hon. Sec., XXV, xxxvi.
" Pepys" of South Dorset, XXVIII, 30.
Perseus, New Star in Constellation, XXII, 53.
Phalangidea, or Harvest Men, British Species of, XI, 163,
130 GENERAL INDEX.
Phoenician Commerce, Colonisation, and Enterprise; Influence on England,
XX, 113.
Pholidophonts, Mesozoic Ganoid Fish, from Chickerell, XVIII, 150.
Photographic Survey of County, XV, xxix and 18; XX, xxi; XXIX, xxxiv;
XXXI, xxxi and Ixi; XXXII, Ixxiii.
Piddlehinton, XXVIII, xlvii.
Piddletown Church, XXXII, liii.
Effigy of a Martin, XIX, 150.
Old House, XXXII, 183.
Piddletrenthide and Church, XXVIII, xlix and 1; XXIX, xli.
Valley Entrenchments, XXXIII, 34.
Pillesdon Manor, VII, 106.
Pilsdon Pen, VII, xxv and 102; XIX, xxxi.
Pipe Rolls of Dorset, XIV, 119; XV, 117; XVI, 129; XIX, 65.
Leases for Dorset, XXXIX, 63.
Pitt Family, of Blandford St. Mary, XXXI, 165.
Plantago coronopus, var. ceratophyllon, Rapin, XVII, 87.
Plant Distribution, XXIX 119.
Plateau and Valley Gravels, Sarsen Stones at Littlebredy and Elsewhere in
the County, XVI, 75.
Plateau Flint Implements, XIX, 130.
Pliosaurus grandis, I, 8.
Plover, Ringed, XXVII, 188.
Plush, XV, 55; XXVIII, li.
Pond Life, XXXIII, 200.
Poole, IX, xxxiv.
Harbour, XXXI, xlii.
Birds of, XXXI, xliv.
Natural History of. IX, xxxix.
,, Geology of District, IX, xxxv.
Town Cellar, or Church of Monastery of St. Clement's and other
Buildings, IX, 78; XXVI, lix; XXIX, 8.
Portesham Church, XV, xxxv.
Cromlech, or Helstone, II, 104; XV, xxxiv and 52; XVI, xxxii and
175; XXIX, Ixxiii.
Flint Implements, XVII, 192.
Geology of District, XVII, 194; XXIX, Ixxv.
Portland, Isle of, I, 1; VI, xvii; XII, xviii; XXXVII, 228; XXXVIII, xxvii.
Ancient Interments, XIII, 232; XXXIII, x.
Botany, I, 2; XXXIII, 96.
Castle, XXXV, 27.
Dene Holes, XII, xviii; XXVIII, Ixxvii.
Geological Notes on the Island, I, 1; VI, 58; XII, xviii.
Historical : Descent of Manor, &c., XII, 115.
Lepidoptera of , I, 54; X. 192; XI, 46; XII, 161; XVI, xli; XVII, 146.
GENERAL INDEX. 131
Portland, Peasantry, XXX, 71.
Pennsylvania Castle, XII, xx; XXIII, xlvii.
Pycnodont Fish, XXVII, 183.
Raised Beach, I, 1; XII, xviii; XXIII, xlvi.
Reeve Staff and Court Leet, XXXVIII. 53.
Ruined Church of St. Andrew, XIX, 123.
Stone Quarries, XII. 187; XXIII, xlvi; XXVIII, xxxix.
,, , New Chimaeroid Fin-spine, XXVII, 181.
Potato Disease, IV, 116.
Pottery and Brick-making, Historical Dissertation on, XVII, 127.
Sepulchral, XXIX, 126.
Poundbury, I, 8; VII, xix.
Ancient Coffins, XXXVIII, xxvii.
,, Pastoral Camp and Old Dunium of Ptolemy, XVI, xxvii and 48.
Powerstock, I, 3.
Church and Castle, XX, xxxviii and 137.
Poxwell, Druid's Temple or Druidical Circle at, VI, xvii and 55; XXI, xxxv
and 150; XXX, xlvii.
Manor House, XX, xxxv; XXX, xlvii.
President's Anniversary Address, Prominent place in every volume.
Preston Beach, XXI, xxix.
Roman Pavement, X, xxviii; XXI, xxxv and 205.
Pre-Saxon Civilisation in Dorset, XXXVII.
Prior, Matthew, XXXI, 71.
Privateers, Dorset, XXXI, 30.
Puncknowle, XXXI, liv.
Punfield Cove, Beds of, VII, 43.
Purbeck Geology, XXIII, 146; XXXI, 141.
Lepidoptera, VI, 128; X, 197.
Wild Flowers in December, XI, 82.
Racedown, XIX, xxxi.
Rainfall, Dorset, I, 10; XVI, xli; XVIII, 153.
Report on the Returns : X, 214; XI, 217; XII, 195; XIII, 239;
XIV, 201, XV, 195; XVI, 17 and 195; XVII, 210; XVIII, 196;
XIX, 161; XX, 81; XXI, 111; XXII, 68; XXIII, 134; XXIV, 56;
XXV, 129; XXVI, 88; XXVII, 138; XXVIII, 107; XXIX, 143;
XXX, 145; XXXI, 129; XXXII, 185; XXXIII, 147; XXXIV, 186;
XXXV, 206; XXXVI, 195; XXXVII, 198; XXXVIII, 81; XXXIX,
76; XL, 79; XLI, 108.
Rampisham, XXIII, Iv.
Ramsbury Church, XXXIV, xxxiv.
Ranston House, XVI, xxxvi.
132 GENERAL INDEX.
Rempston Stone Circle, XXIX, liii.
Reptiles of Dorset, IX, xli; XV, xlvi and 90.
Richardson, Nelson M., Election as President. XXV, xxxv.
Ridgway Fault, X, xx and 55; XI, xx.
Rimbury, XXI, 188.
Ringstead Church, XXV, 44.
Roe-deer (Caprcoltts Caprea), History, Recent and Palaeontological. XXIII, 1.
Roman Amphora or Wine Jar, XI, 88.
Aqueduct at Dorchester, XXII, SO and 84; XXIII, 1.
Coins, XXVII, xxvii; XXVIII, xxxix; XXX, 58; XXXV. li; XXXVIII,
xxvii.
Fortification, with Special Reference to the Roman Defences of
Dorchester, XII, 135.
Pavements and Intrecci of the County, XXI, 162; XXVII, xxix and
239; XXIX, Ixxxvii; XXX, xxix.
Pavement at Preston, X, xxviii; XXI, 205.
Remains found at Fordington, VI, xiv.
Roads : Notes on So-called, V, 69; XI, xxviii; XVII. xxxv; XXVIII,
xxxv.
Road from Badbury Rings to the Wiltshire Boundary near Ashmore,
IX, 147.
Stone, inscribed, found at Dorchester, XXIX, xl.
Sword hilt, XXVIII, xxxii.
Villas in Dorset, XXXIV, 216.
Villa at Fifehead Neville, XXIV, 172.
Thornford, I, 41.
Wyke Regis, XXXI, xxix.
Well at Winterborne Kingston, XI, 1.
Romano-British Relics found at Max Gate, Dorchester, XI, 78.
,, Castor ware, XXVIII, xxxi.
Romsey Abbey, XX, xxxvi.
Rooks, IX, xli and 123.
Planting Acorns, XII, 132.
Root Crops, Experiments on the Growth of, IV, 58.
Roots, Ennobling of, with Particular Reference to the Parsnip, IV, 105.
" Round Chimneys," XXI, xxx and 218.
Rousdon and Landslip, XIII, xxxii.
Royal Archaeological Institute in Dorset, XIX, xxxv.
Rubi, Dorset, VIII, xlvii; XIV, 179.
Rubus Lately found in Dorset : Notes on Rare Forms of, XII, 71.
GENERAL INDEX. 133
s
St. Aldhelm's Head and Chapel, XXVIII, Ixi; XXX, Ixxvi.
Salisbury : City and Cathedral, XVII, xliv; XIX, xxxvi; XXII, Ixx;
XXXI, xlvi.
Its Medieval Altars, XIX, 1.
Salts of Iron: Illustrative of Colours of Rocks, II, 63.
Sandsfoot Castle, III, 20; XXIII, 43; XXXV. 27; XLI, xxxvii and 34.
Coins, XXXIX, 53.
Sarsen Stones at Littlebredy and Elsewhere in the County, XVI, xxxii
and 75.
Savage Family in Bloxworth Church, Armorials of, X, 153.
Saxon Churches, XIX, 51.
Church Architecture, XXIII, 87.
Bradford-on-Avon, XXVI, 1.
Pendant from Dorchester, II, 109.
Situlae or Buckets, IV, 98.
Scando-Gothic Art in Wessex, XXXIV, 1.
Scoles (Purbeck), XXX, Ixx.
Scorpions, British Species of False, XIII, 199.
Seeing Power of Beasts and Birds, XXIII, 53.
Shaftesbury, XV, xxvii and 36; XXIV, liii; XXVIII, xxxiii.
History of, III, 27; IV, 77.
St. Peter's Church and Abbey, XV, xxvii; XXIV, liv; XXIX,
Iviii; XXXIX, xxvi; XL, xxxv.
Tout Hill, III, 48.
Town Hall, XV, xxvii; XXIV, Ivii.
Shells, New and Rare Dorset Land, XII, 99; XVIII, liii; XXXVII, 194.
Sherborne, XII, xxii; XIV, xxvii.
Abbey Church, XII, xxii; XXV, li.
and School, XII, xxiv and xxvii XXV, xlviii and 161.
Brewers, XXXIV, 151.
Castle, XIV, xxix; XXIX, xxxvi.
,, Cone from Inferior Oolite Beds, V, 141.
Old Castle, XIV, xxix; XXV, liii.
Park, the Maples in, I. 33.
School, External Growth of, XII, 105.
Shillingstone, Incised Slab at, XXV, 184.
Silbury, XXXIV, xxxii.
Silchester, Romano-British City, XVIII, xxix.
Silk Industry. XXXVII, 66.
Smedmore, XI. xxvi.
Smith, Reginald Bosworth, In Memoriam, XXIX, cxx
Snows of Canada, XXIII, 58.
Somers, Sir George, XXXII, 26.
134 GENERAL INDEX.
Songs. Old Dorset, XXVII, 24.
Sorcery and Witchcraft, V. 1.
Southampton, XX, xxxiv.
Sparassis crispa, I, 40.
Sphcerella taxi, VI, 52.
Spiders, New and Rare British, IV, 147; VI, 1; VII, 70; X, 107; XII, 80;
XIV, 142; XV, 103; XVI. 92; XVII, 55 ; XVIII, 108 ; XX, 1 ;
XXI, 18; XXIII, 16; XXIV, 149; XXVI, 41; XXVII, 72; XXVIII,
121; XXIX, 161; XXX, 97; XXXI, 47; XXXII, 33; XXXIII, 70;
XXXIV, 107; XXXV, 119.
Squirrel, Habits of the, XI, 27.
Stanton St. Gabriel, IX, xxxiv.
Stavordale Priory, XX, xlv.
Stinsford, IX, xxvi; XI, xx.
Stone Circles, VI, 55; XXI, 150; XXIX, liii; XXX, xlv; XXXIII, viii.
Implements in the Dorset County Museum, XII, 16.
Marks, Local, XV, 167.
Quarries of Portland, XII, 187; XXIII, xlvi; XXVIII, xxxix.
Stonehenge, XIX, xlii; XXXI. li.
Stourhead, XX, xliv; XXXII, xlviii.
Stourton Church, XX, xliv.
Tower, XX, xlv.
Stratton Church and Village Cross, XVI, 1.
and Grimston Manors, Ancient Customs, XXX, 83.
Stuart-Gray, Presentation of Testimonial to the Hon. Morton G., XII, xxxv.
Studland. Preservation of the Church of St. Nicholas, VII, xx; XII, 164;
XXIX, Ivi.
Sturminster Newton, XXXV. xli.
Castle, XXIV, Ixxvi.
Marshall Church, XXXI, xli.
Sun, Assistance of, in Finding Traces of Destroyed Earthworks and
Buildings. XVIII, 169.
Dial, Cruciform at Dorset County Hospital, XXIII, 191.
,, Mock Suns, XXX, xxxiv.
and Moon Dial combined, XXIV, xxvii.
Spots, XXV, 157.
Superstitions, Dorset Birth, Death, and Marriage Customs and, XIV, 182.
Surnames, Dorset, XVII, 184; XIX, xlix.
Swallow-holes on the Heath, IX, xxv; XXXII, lix.
Swan Marks, Decoys and, VIII, 1.
Swanage Church, XIV, xxx; XVIII, xlv.
Newton Manor, XVIII, 44.
Quarries, VII, xxii; XIV, xxxi.
Swifts, Night-soaring of, XXXV, 50.
Swyre Church, XXXI, liv.
Symbolism, Examples of, XXV., 17.
GENERAL INDEX. 135
Tarrant Crawford, XVIII, xxxv; XXX, li.
Gunville, XXX, 159.
Monkton, XXX, Ivi.
Rawston, XXX, Ivi. ,
Rushton, XVIII, 55; XXX, Hi.
Taunton and Museum, XXX, Ixi.
Telegraph in Dorset Before the Days of Electricity, XI, 135.
Tenacity of Vegetable Life, XVII, 123.
Tcrcbratula Morierei, III, 39 and 42.
Terraces, Hill, XXII, 91.
Tcstacclla Maugci, V, 136; XXVI, xxvi.
Thornford Church, XII, xxvi.
Old Glass Bottles from, I, 89.
Tinea vinculella, XVI, xli.
Tokens, Dorset, VII, xxv; VIII, xlvii; IX, 40; XXIX, 80 and 97.
Tollard Royal, King John's house at, XXIV, 10.
Toller Fratrum, XXIII, liii.
Tolpiddle Church, XXXI, xxxii; XXXII, Ivi; XXXIII, xxii.
Topography of Old Dorset, XXIV, xxviii.
Torquay and Kent's Hole, XXII, xlviii.
Torque, V, 47.
Tout Hill, Shaftesbury, III, 48.
Trees, Rare, in Abbotsbury Castle Gardens, XV, 184.
Trent and Church, XXXIV, xxxvi.
Thos. Gerard, XXXV, 55.
Trlgonia bella, from Eype, Bridport, V, 153.
clavellata, II, 19.
Trigonia, Dorset, III, 111.
Tudor Houses in Dorset. XLI, 55.
Tumuli of Dorset. Analysis of Celtic, VIII. xlviii; IX, 55.
Tyneham, XXII, Ixvi and Ixviii.
u
Up-Cerne, X, xxii; XXXIV, xli.
Upwey, Barrow opened, VI, xvii.
Urns, Ancient British, XII, 180.
Ustilago segeturn in Cereal Crops of 1883, V,
Utricularia, British Species of, XV, 81.
136 GENERAL INDEX.
Valleys in the Chalk Downs of North Dorset, Origin of, XVI, 5; XXIX, Ixxviii.
Vespasian, Invasion of South- West of Britain by, VI, 18.
Volcanoes and Earthquakes, VII, 5.
Volunteers, Dorset, XXXII, 70; XLI, xxxvii and 22.
w
Waddock, XXXII, lix.
Wallace, Alfred Russel, Memoir, XXXV, Ixxxiv.
Walrond family, XXX, xxxiii.
Wardour Castle, Old, XV, xxix and 26; XXIV, Ixi.
Geology of the Vale of, V, 57.
Wareham, I, 7; XIII, xxiii; XXVIII, Ixvii; XXIX, xxxii.
Botany of, XIII, xxviii.
Castle, XXVIII, Ixxii.
Holy Trinity Church, XIII, xxvi.
Its Invasions and Battles, XIII, 82.
Origin and History, XV, 70.
,, Religious Foundations and Norman Castle, XIX, 82.
Roman, and Claudian Invasion, XIII, 115.
Occupation of, XX, 148.
St. Martin's Church, XIII, xxiii; XXVIII, Ixvii.
St. Mary's XIII, xxiv; XXVIII, Ixxii.
Walls, XXVIII, Ixviii.
Water Supply, XXVII, 147.
Witchcraft at, V, 10.
Warne, Chas., F.S.A., In Memoriam, IX, xv.
Warm well House. XXV, xlvi; XXXII, Ix; John Richards, XXXIX, 20.
Water Analyses a Hundred Years ago, XVII, 141.
Waterston Manor, XXXII, li.
Waves, XXVIII, 149.
Weather Lore, Dorset, XXXIV, 137.
Wells, Artesian, XXVI 1 1, 185.
Wells and Cathedral, XIX, Ixx; XXIX, Ixi.
Welsh in Dorset, III, 74.
West Parley Church, XIX, Ixv.
Weymouth and Melcombe Regis, I, 1; XXVIII, xxxix.
In tile 16th and 17th Centuries, the Courts
of Law Holden in, I, 15.
In the Civil War, XXXI, 204.
In the Napoleonic War, 1802-3, XLI, 49.
Erosion of Coast near, by Action of Sea, X, 180.
Gale of February, 1899, Effect on Beach East of, XX, 179.
GENERAL INDEX. 137
Weymouth, 17th Century Seaport, XXVIII, xxx.
Whirlwind at Bloxvvorth, XVII, 76.
Whitcombe Church, XXX, xliv; XXXIII, xvi and xxii.
Whitechurch Canonicorum, Church of St. Candida and St. Cross, IX, xxxii;
XIX, xxxiii and 145; XXVIII, 51.
Whiteway, of Dorchester, Diary of William, XIII, 57.
Commonplace Book of a Dorset Man, XVI, 59.
Wimborne Minster, X, xxiv; XXVII, xlvii; XLI, xxx.
Chained Library, X, xxv; XXXV, 8; XL. xxvii; XLI, xxxi.
Churchwardens' Accounts, XXXVIII, xxxi.
Lady Margaret, XXVIII, 219.
Lantern Tower, X, 142.
" Man in the Wall," XXXVII, 26.
Royal Peculiar, XXXVIII, 93.
Saxon Saints, XXXII, 199.
St. Cuthburga, XXXIV, 167.
Tomb of Ethelred, XL, 24.
Unrecorded Deans, XXXIX, 29.
St. Margaret's Hospital, X, xxvi; XVII, 109; XLI, xxxii.
Some Old Inns, XLI, 39.
William Stone, XXXVI, 16.
Winchester: City and Cathedral, XXI, xxxi; XXXII, Ixi.
Winter borne Abbas, XVI, xxxiii.
Anderson, XXXI, xxxix.
Came, XXX, xli.
Clenston, V, 16; XXXI, xxxvii.
Kingston, Roman Wall, XI, 1; XXXI, xxxvii.
Monkton, Rolls of Court Baron, XXVII, 44.
Steepleton Church, V, 81; XVI, xxxiv.
Stickland, XXXI, xxxvi.
Tomson, XXXI, xxxix.
Whitechurch, XXXI, xxxviii.
Wise Bird. Pagan-Christian Overlap, with Dorset Illustrations, XVIII, 116.
Witchampton, XXXV, xxviii.
Witchcraft and Sorcery, V, 1.
in Dorset, XIII, 35.
Wolfeton House, Relics of Philip and Joan, XXXV. 1.
Wood, Memoir of the late Rev. Henry Hayton, V, xiii.
Woodbury Hill, VII, xxiv and 93.
Woodlands House, Gillingham, XX, xlii.
Woodsford Castle, XX, xxxix and 161.
Wookey Hole, XIX, Ixxiii and 176.
Wool, Woolbridge, Bindon Abbey and, VII,54; XX, xxxix; XXVII, xxxix.
Worked Flints, II, 97.
Worm, New British A Hums tclrtitt.lus, X, 139.
138 GENERAL INDEX.
Worth Matravers Church, XIV, xxxiv; XXX, Ixxv.
Wraxhall, XXIII, liv.
Wyke Grange, XXXIV, xxxvi.
Regis Church, XXIII, xxxviii.
supposed Roman Villa, XXXI, xxix.
Wynford Eagle, XXIII, Hi.
Y
Yetminster Church, XII, xxvi and 146.
z
Zoophytes, British, I, 5.
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