MRS. PHEBE (HAIGHT) BUTLER.
(Widow of Colonel Zebulon Butler.)
Publication
PROCEEDINGS
COLLECTIONS
WYOMING HISTORICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
FOR THE YEARS
1911-1912.
•^IgSifL^^-r^
EDITED BY
REV. HORACE EDWIN HAYDEN, M. A.,
Corresponding Secretary and Librarian.
-
if
VOLUME X\\.
WlLKBS-BARRE, PA.
PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY.
1912.
PRINTED BY THE E. B. YORDY Co.
\Vilkes-Barr6, Pa.
PREFACE.
The Publishing Committee has tried to fulfill its promise
to issue a strictly annual volume, but circumstances unavoid-
able have delayed this volume six months. It is, however,
believed that the interesting contents will compensate for
the delay. It is most regretable that no portrait of Colonel
Zebulon Butler is extant, but we are able here to present a
very interesting portrait of his widow, Mrs. Phebe (Haight)
Butler, from a copy given to the Society by the heirs of Mr.
Charles Edward Butler.
Especial attention is called to the Wyoming material
until now unpublished, in the claims of several of its heroes
for pension. These reveal the names of four veterans, sur-
vivors of the Massacre, whose record has been lost for over
one hundred and thirty years. Among these claims is that
of Mrs. Zebulon Butler, of whom until now very little has
been known.
The Vital Statistics from the Register of St. Stephen's
Church, the first Protestant Episcopal Church in northeast
Pennsylvania, will attract many students of genealogy as
well as lovers of the past.
The promised "Westmoreland Records" are also begun
here and will be continued until the portion possessed by
this Society is exhausted. The Geological and Ethnological
articles will speak for themselves.
The Society is to be congratulated that the suggestion
made by the Editor at the annual meeting last February,
about binding the annual volume, has been so far accepted
through the great kindness of Mr. Abram Nesbitt, one of
our Benefactors, who has given the needed sum to bind four
hundred copies of Volume XII. It is sincerely hoped that
the experiment will result in some permanent plan to enable
us to continue this most essential improvement.
Members will kindly charge all mistakes in the volume to
the Editor. The only man who never made a mistake was
translated 5,000 years ago. No man has ever been trans-
lated since. Verbum sapienti.
REV. HORACE EDWIN HAYDEN,
Miss MYRA POLAND,
GEORGE FREDERICK CODDINGTON,
Publishing Committee.
CONTENTS.
PREFACE 3
CONTENTS 5
ANNUAL REPORTS :
CORRESPONDING SECRETARY AND LIBRARIAN 7-17
CURATOR OF ARCHAEOLOGY 18
TREASURER 19
SPECIAL FUNDS 20
EXPLANATION OF THE INVESTED FUNDS 2oa-2ob
HARRISON WRIGHT LIBRARY CATALOGUE — HERALDRY 21-23
CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST, by
Joseph Barrell, E. M., Ph. D. Annual Geologi-
cal Lecture. Five illustrations 2S~54
IROQUOIS POTTERY AND WAMPUM, by Rev. W. M.
Beauchamp, S. T. D. Ethnological Lecture.
Three illustrations 55-68
ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING, by Rev.
Horace Edwin Hayden, M. A. Number two . . 69-105
PENSION APPLICATION OF JOSEPH ELLIOTT 74-81
PENSION APPLICATION OF WILLIAM HIBBARD 82-92
PENSION APPLICATION OF DAVID MARVIN 93-104
PENSION APPLICATION OF MRS. ZEBULON BUTLER.
(Frontispiece) 107
ORIGINAL COMMISSION OF COL. ZEBULON BUTLER,
1778, AND HONOURABLE DISCHARGE, by Mr.
Hayden. Two illustrations 105-106
LIFE OF BENJAMIN SMITH OF EXETER, LUZERNE
COUNTY, PENN'A. Soldier of the Revolution.
Reprinted with annotations by Rev. Horace Ed-
win Hayden, M. A 114-153
PENSION APPLICATION OF MRS. SMITH AND DAUGHTER. 118-122
O CONTENTS.
VITAL STATISTICS, WYOMING, PENN'A., No. 2 154
MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE, 1800.
THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN'S PROTEST-
ANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH, WILKES-BARRE, 1814-
1859, °y Mr. Hayden. Two illustrations 155-198
COMMUNICANTS 160-173
BAPTISMS 173-198
SOME INDIAN GRAVES AT PLYMOUTH, PENN'A, by
Christopher Wren. Three illustrations 199-204
RECORDS OF THE TOWN OF WESTMORELAND, 1772, by
Mr. Hayden. From the Collections of the
Society 205-231
JUDGE JESSE FELL'S EXPERIMENT WITH WYOMING
COAL, by Jesse T. Morgan 214
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF DECEASED MEMBERS:
EDWARD EVERETT HOYT 215
FREDERIC CORSS, M. D 215-217
MRS. EMILY AUGUSTA* (DORRANCE) FARNHAM 217-218
SAMUEL HENDLEY LYNCH 218-219
LIEUT. COL. GEORGE NICHOLAS REICHARD 219-220
HON. CHARLES DORRANCE FOSTER 221
JOHN LANING 222
LEVI IVES SHOEMAKER, M. D 223-224
MRS. MARY (CONYNGHAM) PARRISH 224-225
MRS. MAUD (BALDWIN) RAUB 226
MRS. STELLA (SHOEMAKER) RICKETTS 226-227
GEORGE SHOEMAKER 227-228
PERCY RUTTER THOMAS 228
MRS. JEMIMA ELLEN (SAX) GRIFFITH 229
EDWARD FRANKLIN PAYNE 230
NATHAN BEACH CRARY 230-231
OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY 233-240
INDEX 241-253
REPORTS AND COLLECTIONS
OF THE
togoming historical anb Geological 0ocietg
Volume XII. WILKES-BARRfe, PA.
REPORTS.
Report of the Corresponding Secretary and Librarian for the
Year ending February 11, 1911.
To the President and Members of the Wyoming Historical
and Geological Society:
I have the honor of laying before you to-night the fifty-
second annual report of the work done in this Society dur-
ing the year that is just ended. You will ere this have re-
ceived Volume XI of the "Collections and Proceedings" of
the Society for 1910, and will certainly be gratified with the
progress made by the Society financially and otherwise since
the last annual meeting.
To me this progress at times seems very slow, though per-
manent, and it is only when a visitor enters the rooms, after
long absence and remarks upon improvement that the in-
crease can be appreciated by one who is always here.
There may be in the membership of the Society some few
who do not appreciate its work nor realize any necessity for
or any benefit arising from their membership. Certainly
this annual volume, printed and fully paid for by the valua-
ble "Coxe Publication Fund", will convince such members
that the Society does fill a most important place in the
history of the Wyoming Valley. Such indifferent members
who wonder what use the Historical Society can be to them
are, we are glad to believe, rare. For there are very few
public spirited citizens of old Luzerne county who do not
feel honored by their membership in this Society.
Whatever benefits the public in an educational or moral
direction demands the support of every patriotic person who
is not too self-centred to desire the advancement of his own
city or section. "A prophet is not without honor save in his
8 REPORTS.
own country." It is, therefore, worthy of mention, that
owing to the work of its leaders during the past forty years
this Society is reckoned throughout the United States the
most active, best endowed and equipped Historical Society
in Pennsylvania outside of Philadelphia.
It is difficult to take in at once the great advance made
in our own land in educational and library work and his-
torical ventures during the past fifty years from 1860 to
1910. It is only by comparison of these years from 1620 to
1860, nearly 250 years, that the tremendous difference is
noticeable.
Probably the grandest public school system in the United
States to-day is found in Pennsylvania. It was begun in
1834 by Governor George Wolfe, a Pennsylvania German,
and splendidly fostered by his successor, Governor Joseph
Ritter, another Pennsylvania German. But for years it
labored under the stigma of "Education for the poor gratis"
from the shadow of an Act of Assembly of 1809. In my
boyhood this system was most objectionable to the public
on this account, and the schools were called "poor schools",
for those who could not afford to pay for tuition. To-day
every graduate of the Pennsylvania public school system is
justly proud of the source of his education.
Six years ago there were many counties in this State
where no library facilities were provided for the people. In
1905 the Free Library Commission of Pennsylvania, of
which your Librarian is a member, was established by an
Act of the Legislature, and to-day in sixty-three out of
sixty-seven of our counties there are fully 500 free Travel-
ing libraries in as many towns and villages in the State.
This system is prevailing throughout all of the Eastern
States.
Fifty years ago when this Historical Society was founded
it was with the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, and one
other, the only Historical Society in the State outside of
Philadelphia. The year 1910 closed with thirty-two such
Societies in Pennsylvania, all acting and working in unison
under the "Federation of Historical Societies", of which this
Society is by far the second member in age and endowment.
Through the efforts of our late corresponding member,
General W. H. H. Davis, of Bucks county, the Legislature
some years ago authorized the Commissioners of every
county to pay not more than two hundred dollars annually
REPORTS. 9
to the oldest Historical Society in that county under condi-
tions that guaranteed permanency. This provision of the
State has stimulated historical interest in more than half
the counties, and within the next decade the "Federation of
Historical Societies" will have secured the formation of an
Historical Society in every county where the public schools
and free libraries are generally at their best.
Many valuable libraries have been established in the
United States by the remarkable generosity of Mr. Andrew
Carnegie. These libraries are endowed by him as Free
Public Libraries, and he defined this title to me in his letter
declining to add to our endowment, thus: "A Free Public
Library is one for the support of which the public is taxed
and the books are free for use to the public." No one can
justly complain of this definition or of Mr. Carnegie's condi-
tion thus imposed, for it is a well known fact that we value
most what costs us something. The splendid Osterhout
Library of this city does not come into this class since it has
been privately endowed by Mr. Osterhout as free to the
public without any cost or taxation, its endowment placing
it above such need. But this Wyoming Historical and
Geological Society Library has been made by its trustees a
free library, in that it is open to the public free of charge
as a reference centre. Those who are members of this
Society contribute by their dues to the needs of the public
in all those branches of study covered by this Library, and
thus may justly be called public benefactors. But this
Society is not a charity. I beg your indulgence while I
quote a passage from my report of 1902 :
"This institution is not a charity, nor is it a luxury, nor,
let me emphasize, is it for the benefit of the Corresponding
Secretary and Librarian. But it is as great a need to the
educational interest of this section of Pennsylvania as any
public school or library can be. It is the object lesson for
those great branches of study taught in all of our schools,
geology and anthropology; the science of the earth, and of
those who people the earth. It may be possible for some
members in their appreciation of the purposes of this Society
to be like the janitor who asked for an increase of working
hours and of pay, and when told that the money was needed
for books, replied: 'But, sor, why not buy less books.' To
him the scope of the Society was limited to his immediate
and narrow field of vision,"
IO REPORTS.
There are still comparatively intelligent people in the
world who do not rise above the conditions of the Scotch
farmer, whose grandfather, at his death, left him a small
library of valuable books and rare folios. The heir in ar-
ranging his folios, finding them too long for the shelves
he had prepared, hired a carpenter to saw off the ends of
the folios to fit the shelves!
The rapid growth in the study of American History as a
special branch of education during the past thirty years has
been remarkable. It was not until about 1880 that a Chair
of American History was established in any of our leading
universities and colleges, and I think the University of Yale
took the initiative when Prof. Franklin Bowditch Dexter,
Litt. D., was made professor of American History.
In 1884 the American Historical Association was or-
ganized and now numbers over twenty-five hundred mem-
bers in all parts of the United States, with a literature of
over one hundred titles, and over fifty volumes. We are
making history so rapidly that within a few decades he will
be regarded as an illiterate who does not know something
of the early and also later history of his own country.
One difficulty which this old Society must overcome is the
lack of general knowledge of its existence and purpose.
More than ten years ago the Librarian caused to be placed in
all the public schools and leading hotels framed cards with
the name of the Society and its hours of opening largely
printed. Yet many residents of this city and some members
of the Society still refer to it as the Wyoming Valley His-
torical Society.
To many who are interested in the production and mining
of coal the geological character of the Society is unknown,
and many geological students come here, as a final resort,
for knowledge, and find with astonishment an up-to-date
geological library of 2,000 volumes. I recommend the print-
ing, framing and placing of thirty more such cards for the
same purpose, giving the hours of opening.
During the past year four meetings of the Society have
been held. The annual meeting, February n, when the
regular reports of the officers were read, and the officers for
the year ensuing, with several members, were elected. At
this meeting a very interesting paper by Dr. Frederick
Charles Johnson was read in part by the Librarian. The
paper covered the "Reminiscences of Rev. Jacob Johnson,"
REPORTS. 1 1
the first pastor of the First Congregational (now First Pres-
byterian) Church of Wilkes-Barre, with historical data cov-
ering his life from 1722 to 1795. The paper was referred
to the Publishing Committee and appears in Volume XI of
the Proceedings.
The second meeting was held September 23 for the elec-
tion of members and the transaction of other business.
The third meeting was held November u. After the
election of members the annual ethnological paper, under
the "Laning Historical Fund", was read by Rev. William
M. Beauchamp, S. T. D., of Syracuse, N. Y., Archeologist
of the New York State Museum. The subject was "Some
Features of Iroquois Life", with illustrations by original
specimens, artifacts, etc., from our own collections, and the
New York Museum. It was a valuable addition to our
ethnological history. It was referred to the Publishing
Committee and will appear in Volume XII of the Proceed-
ings.
The last quarterly meeting was held December 9, when,
after the election of new members, Sidney R. Miner, Esq.,
read a very interesting local paper kindly submitted to the
Society by Oscar J. Harvey, Esq., as an unpublished chapter
of his History of Wilkes-Barre, entitled the "Diary of Hon-
orable Timothy Pickering kept during his residence in
Wilkes-Barre in 1787." As this paper will appear in the
third volume of Mr. Harvey's book, now in press, it was
received with thanks, but was not referred to the Publish-
ing Committee.
The Society has received many interesting and valuable
additions to its Library and Collections, some of which de-
serve special mention, viz. :
I. Twenty-five bound scrap books of American History
from Mrs. Horace See; also the sword of Lieutenant
Horace See and a Spanish macheta used in the Cuban war.
II. The History of the Diocese of Bethlehem, Protestant
Episcopal, covering Northeastern Pennsylvania especially.
Two volumes, 1910, presented by S. R. Miner, Esq.
III. A replica of the Gold Anointing Spoon used by the
Archbishop of Canterbury in the Anointing of -Edward VII.
at his coronation. A silver Centennial medal of President
Abraham Lincoln, 1809-1909. An illustrated book, "Life
12 REPORTS.
of Edward VII.", also an illustrated book of the "Hudson-
Fulton celebration", three hundredth anniversary, both hand-
somely bound, and all presented by Mr. George H. Catlin, of
Scranton.
IV. Three red oak logs dug up on the Easton turnpike
at the Quarry Hotel, about five feet underground, a part of
the corduroy road made by the turnpike company ; presented
by Alexander Harkness and Robert Birmingham.
V. An autograph account and bill of a journey from
Philadelphia to Wyoming at £n.|i4 by David Zeisberger,
against Sir William Johnson, 1762, all written and receipted
by David Zeisberger.
VI. One bear and wolf trap (iron) used by George
Matthias, who was murdered on Laurel Run Mountain,
1858. Presented by Robert Johnson.
VII. One portrait of Judge Warren Jay Woodward,
presented by his daughter, Mrs. Frank Perley Howe.
VIII. One camp bed of Colonel Zebulon Butler, used by
him during his military campaigns, 1763 to 1783. Presented
by his great grandson, Mr. Steuben Butler Murray.
IX. The Butler family spinning wheel and reel from
the Steuben Butler Estate, by the Misses Murray.
X. One wooden mortar and stone pestle brought from
New London, Conn., by Asa Richards, 1810; presented by
Mr. W. C. Sutherland, of Pittston.
XL An oil portrait of Hon. L. D. Shoemaker, President
of this Society ; presented by the will of the late Dr. Levi I.
Shoemaker.
XII. One lead box taken from the corner stone of the
old Luzerne County Court House, made by Burnett & Car-
penter, Market Street, Pennsylvania, containing the follow-
ing articles, placed therein : Coin manuel ; two copies of
Judge Conyngham's address delivered on the occasion;
the Holy Bible ; "The Record of the Times", July 30, 1856 ;
"Pittston Gazette", August 8, 1856; "Carbondale Tran-
scrip", August i, 1856; "Democrat Wachter", August 7,
1856; "Spirit of the Valley", Scranton, August 7, 1856;
"Luzerne Union", August 6, 1856; Union Lodge, 291, A. Y.
M., Scranton, Luzerne county, August 12, 1856. List of
members Carbondale Lodge, 241, A. Y.M.; St. John's Lodge,
REPORTS. 13
233, Pittston, A. Y. M. ; Lodge 261, A. Y. M., Providence,
Luzerne county ; copy of the list of articles deposited in the
cornerstone; members of the bar of Luzerne county and
list of county officers, August 12, 1856; Notice to the Bur-
gess and Town Council of Wilkes-Barre from the Com-
missioners of the Laying of the Cornerstone, and the fol-
lowing money of 1856: One large copper cent, one silver
half dollar, one quarter dollar, one-half dime, one dime, and
one gold dollar, all of the date of 1856.
XIII. By the will of the late George Slocum Bennett,
one of our Benefactors, the Society has been made the
recipient of many most interesting relics of Frances Slocum,
the lost sister of Wyoming, viz. :
A. The oil portrait of Frances Slocum painted by
Winters.
B. The oil painting of her home on the Miami River,
Indiana.
C. The water-colored portrait of her daughter, Mrs.
Brouilette.
D. A similar portrait of Capt. Brouilette.
E. A similar portrait of her daughter, Mrs. Peter Bondy.
F. A photographic portrait of Rev. Peter Bondy.
G. The dress of Frances Slocum adorned with silver
brooches.
H. A portion of the same framed, with full description.
I. The cloth blanket of Frances Slocum, adorned with
silver ornaments.
J. Her moccasions, and her shawl, and the diary of Mrs.
Bennett, 1836.
These have all been placed on exhibition, duly marked
and registered. They form a prominent and very attractive
group of the captive maid (her family and her relics),
whose romantic history has been so fully woven into the
history of the Wyoming Valley, that this collection will be
to many the "Piece de resistance" — the greatest charm of
our Collections.
In addition to the above valuable articles lately received
by the Society, I am glad to report the gift of the original
small cherry table used by the Wyoming forces on which
was written on that terrible day in July, 1778, the article
of capitulation to Col. John Butler after the Massacre.
14 REPORTS.
This table, which is fully established as the veritable table
has been for many years in the possession of the late
Mr. Philip Henry Myers of this city, who received it
from his father Mr. John Myers, who also received it
from Mrs. Martha (Bennett) Myers, whose father owned
it when the capitulation was written at his house. Mr.
Philip Myers, in his last Will and Testament, devised it
to his daughter, Miss Carrie J. Myers, who during this
present month kindly and wisely presented it to the Wyo-
ming Historical and Geological Society, where it will ever
be carefully preserved and exhibited credited to Miss Myers.
The Society has also lately become the possessor of a new
typewriting machine which will greatly assist the work,
and we are indebted to the kindness of Miss Jane A. Shoe-
maker for a most useful table appropriate for the use of
the machine.
During the past year the Librarian discovered the fact
that the original commission in the Continental Line, of
Colonel Zebulon Butler, dated 1778, and signed by John
Jay, President of the Continental Congress ; also the honor-
able discharge of Colonel Butler, dated 1783, written and
signed by General Washington, were in the possession of
the United States War Department, having been sent in as
proof of the claim of his widow, Mrs. Phoebe Haight
Butler, for a pension. The Department claimed these as
its permanent possession. I was so fortunate as to secure
from the Department the privilege of photographing these
carefully guarded treasures. I have had the photographs
enlarged to the size of the original, and have sold to the
Butler heirs quite a number at five dollars for the pair. The
money thus derived I have myself added to the Colonel
Zebulon Butler Fund, which is now complete. I still have a
few copies on hand which can be had at the price named,
before the negatives are destroyed.
I was authorized by the Trustees last fall to visit Wash-
ington and copy off, from the original, several extremely
valuable applications for pensions, on the score of Revolu-
tionary services, including three, as yet unknown and un-
published, accounts of the experiences of three Wyoming
veterans of July 3, 1778. These will be read in part before
the Society to-night and will be published in Volume XII of
our Proceeding with others of almost equal interest. I
found in the pension office applications of many Wyoming
REPORTS. 15
pensioners, but their contents are already too well known to
make copies desirable. I did, however, discover and copy
several lists of enlistment, with the amount of bounty paid,
etc., all pertaining to the Wyoming section, and these also
will be published in Volume XII.
The Endowment Funds of the Society reported at the
last annual meeting amounted to fifty thousand dollars, all
of which was then paid in excepting eight thousand. Dur-
ing the year all of this had been received in cash, except
two thousand of the "Publication Fund", which is amply
secured.
On page 30, of Volume XI, the entire Endowment Fund
is reported to January first. This list of "Funds partici-
pated in the Income and Investments", will be a feature of
our annual volume. It includes the "Hon. Charles Abbott
Miner Fund" of one thousand dollars, paid by the estate of
our late honored Trustee, the interest to be used at the
request of the family for geological purposes.
The "George Slocum Bennett Fund" of one thousand
dollars has also been paid in by his estate, in accordance
with his pledge, to bear his name, and the interest to be used
for general purposes. These two payments place the names
of the donors forever on the list of Benefactors.
Since the last annual meeting the Colonel Zebulon Butler
Fund and the Ralph D. Lacoe Fund have both reached a
minimum of one thousand dollars, and the Horace E.
Hayden Geological Lecture Fund has reached fifteen hun-
dred dollars paid in and invested. The Stanley Woodward
Fund will this year reach seven hundred dollars. The entire
amount of the Endowment Fund to February u, 1911, is
fifty-two thousand five hundred dollars, or five thousand
over what was reported one year ago.
This sum may seem to the ordinary person fully adequate
to our needs, but while it assures us of an annual income
of near $3,800, it does not allow for the future advance-
ment of the Society. In the presense of the immense in-
crease made in education on scientific and historic lines,
twenty-five thousand dollars more added to our Funds would
not be too much if it added only twelve hundred dollars to
our income. If generous and financially able members
would sometimes visit the rooms of the Society and "take
in" with interested minds the needs to the public and the
limited means of supplying those needs in the Society now
l6 REPORTS.
so permanently established, they would find here a far
safer and more profitable investment than those out of sight
in other sections of the country. It is surprising that those
who have invested funds in the Society do not sometimes,
if only once a year, visit the rooms to see what use is being
made of their investment.
During the past year I received 574 letters and have writ-
ten 450, besides acknowledging the receipt of books, pamph-
lets and gifts. During the year we have also received over
i ,900 books and pamphlets, as follows :
Books. Pamphlets.
From the United States Government. 5 50 753
From the State of Pennsylvania 65 50
By gift 105 125
By purchase 109 10
By exchange 27 20
Total 957 958
Of the books purchased, sixty have been reported before
as magazines but are now reported as bound by the Andrew
Hunlock Binding Fund.
The Historiographer -reports the following members de-
ceased since February n, 1910:
George Slocum Bennett, died January 2, 1910.
Percy Rutter Thomas, died March 15, 1910.
Mrs. Annette Jenkins Gorman, died April 13, 1910.
Captain John M. Buckalew, died April 30, 1910.
Charles Law, died July n, 1910.
T. Milner Morris, died, 1910.
Edward F. Payne, died October 17, 1910.
Mrs. Lydia Atherton Stites, died January 13, 1910.
During the past year the following have been elected to
membership in the Society :
HONORARY.
Rev. William M. Beauchamp, S. T. D., Syracuse, N. Y.
REPORTS. 17
CORRESPONDING.
Mr. Arthur C. Parker, Albany, N. Y.
LIFE.
John B. Yeager, Wilkes-Barre.
*Ralph Nesbitt.
Miss Fredricka Nesbitt, Easton, Pa.
Abram Nesbitt Smythe, Kingston.
Samuel Nesbitt Smythe, Kingston.
George H. Catlin, Scranton, Pa.
ANNUAL.
Miss Cornelia W. Stark, Hudson, Pa.
Miss Caroline Ives Harrower, New Haven, Conn.
Arthur Hillman, Wilkes-Barre.
Oscar Jewell Harvey, Wilkes-Barre.
William E. Traxler, Kingston.
John E. Jenkins, Wilkes-Barre.
William Henry Richmond, Scranton.
Miss B. Isabel Bertels, Wilkes-Barre.
Thomas W. Brown, Wilkes-Barre.
*Elliot P. Kisner, Hazleton.
Major Harry W. Pierce, Dorranceton.
Mrs. Frederick Charles Johnson, Wilkes-Barre.
Mrs. Dorrance Reynolds, Wilkes-Barre.
HORACE EDWIN HAYDEN.
l8 REPORTS.
Report of the Curator of Archaeology for the Year ending
February II, 1911.
To the Officers and Members of the Wyoming Historical
and Geological Society, Wilkes-Barre, Penn'a.:
In presenting a report on the Archeological Department
of the Society for the year just closed, it may be said that
the usual interest has been manifested in its work during
the year and the collections continue to grow by accession
of desirable specimens.
Last December the Rev. William M. Beauchamp, S. T. D.,
of Syracuse, N. Y., read a very interesting paper before the
Society, which will appear in the next volume. When we
remember that Mr. Beauchamp has given longer and more
intimate study to the archeology of the Iroquois in New
York and Canada than any man now living, it will be seen
that his paper will be a distinct addition to the literature of
the Society on the subject.
Occasion is here taken to make mention of the death of
Dr. J. M. M. Gernerd, of Muncy, Pa., which occured at
his home on April 19, 1910. For the past forty years Mr.
Gernerd had been doing for the West Branch region what
our Society is doing in this field. His collection of fine
Indian relics, consisting of 7,000 or more specimens, went
by his arrangement to Bucknell University, at Lewisburg,
Pa., where we hope they will be well taken care of and their
value be appreciated.
He was a man of wide intelligence and wrote well on a
number of subject, principally in a magazine issued from
his own printing press, under the title of "Now and Then".
Much of the early history and folk lore of his locality will
be preserved through his work, which was always careful
and discriminating.
The writer esteems it a privilege to have known this man
and to have had the pleasure of friendly intercourse with
him. At his death a gentle life went out, and one who was a
lover of humanity and all created things passed from the
scene. The world lost something.
It is to be hoped that others will come forward to fill the
places of those who looked upon the study of man as more
than a mere hobby, and who have fallen by the wayside.
Respectfully submitted,
CHRISTOPHER WREN,
Curator of Archaeology.
REPORTS. 19
Treasurer's Report.
January i, 1910, to January i, 1911.
RECEIPTS.
Balance in Bank, January i, 1910 $ 1,535.37
Membership Dues • • 685.00
Income from Investments 2,235.02
Subscriptions and Investments paid 5,774.24
Life Memberships 1,000.00
Subscription for case for Wren Collection 122.00
Commissioners of Luzerne county 200.00
Total receipts • • $11,551.63
PAYMENTS.
Amount invested • • $ 6,290.00
Salaries 1,865.90
Incidentals • • 115.00
Telephone Rental 30.00
Interest on Special Funds • • 781.00
Books 150.00
Binding • • 75.00
Sundry Expense (including case for Wren Collection) 216.15
Balance in Bank, January i, 191 1 2,028.58
Total payments • • $11,551.63
SECURITIES IN HANDS OF TREASURER, JANUARY i, 1911.
BONDS.
People's Telephone Co., 5 per cent • •$ 1,000.00
Frontier Telephone Co., 5 per cent 1,000.00
Scranton Gas & Water Co., 5 per cent 5,000.00
Muncie & Union City Traction Co., 5 per cent 1,000.00
United Gas & Electric Co., 5 per cent 1,000.00
Webster Coal & Coke Co, 5 per cent • 4,000.00
Spring Brook Water Supply Co., 5 per cent 11,000.00
Plymouth Bridge Co., 5 per cent 6,000.00
Westmoreland Club, 3 per cent • • 200.00
Sheldon Axle Co., ist.., 5 per cent 1,000.00
Columbia Power, Light & Rys. Co., 5 per cent 1,000.00
STOCKS.
Hazard Manufacturing Co., 6 per cent 1,000.00
Total Bonds and Stocks .$33,200.00
MORTGAGES.
Nine Loans on Mortgage 14,100.00
Total Investments, January i, 1911 $47,300.00
Respectfully submitted,
CHARLES W. BIXBY,
Treasurer.
2O REPORTS.
Funds Participating in the Income and Investment*.
1. Colonel Zebulon Butler Fund, Ethnology .....$ 1,000.00
2. Coxe Family Publication Fund 10,000.00
3. Horace E. Hayden Fund, Geological Lectures 1,500.00
4. Colonel Matthias Hollenback Fund, General 2,000.00
5. Andrew Hunlock Fund, Binding 1,000.00
6. Dr. Charles F. Ingham Fund, Geologv 520.00
(Minimum $1,000.)
7. Rev. Jacob Johnson Fund, General 278.43
(Minimum $1,000.)
8. Fred Morgan Kirby Fund, General 1,000.00
9. Ralph D. Lacoe Fund, Paleozoology 1,000.00
10. Augustus C. Laning Fund, Historical Lectures 1,000.00
11. Abram Nesbitt Fund, General • • 1,000.00
12. Sheldon Reynolds Fund, American History 1,000.00
13. Captain L. Denison Stearns Fund, General 1,000.00
14. Dr. Lewis H. Taylor Fund, General 1,000.00
15. Edward Welles Fund, General • • 1,000.00
16. Hon. Stanley Woodward Fund Historical Lectures.. 715.00
(Minimum $1,000.)
17. Dr. Harrison Wright Fund, Heraldry 1,000.00
18. Life Membership Fund 20,000.00
19. General Fund 4,300.00
20. Hon. Charles Abbott Miner Fund, Geology 1,000.00
21. George Slocum Bennett Fund, General 1,000.00
$52,313.43
Nos. 6 and 16 will be completed by the sale of the Society's Pub-
lications, and No. 7 by sale of Johnson's "Historical Record of Wyo-
ming."
EXPLANATION OF THE INVESTED FUNDS. 20a
EXPLANATION OF THE INVESTED FUNDS.
An Historical Society should be conducted on a strictly
business basis. This Society is obliged to hold four meet-
ings annually. At three of the meetings papers or addresses
must be made to interest members and provide material for
the annual volume. Papers and addresses cost money! Its
Historical and Geological Library must have books to supply
the call of students ; its cabinets of Geology and Ethnology
must have additions. All these cost money! After five
years of trial the Librarian found it impossible to carry out
this system by depending on uncertain funds not in hand, or
not in sight. Hence the Special Funds.
It will be noticed that of the "Invested Funds" of $52,000,
reported on page 20, fully one-third, or about $18,000, is
marked "Special", leaving only about $33,000 marked "Gen-
eral".
These Special Funds are all of private origin and were
given by the donors on the distinct condition that they would
be used only for the purpose specified in the gift; hence
could not be used for the general or current expenses of the
Society. Thus one-third of the endowment of the Society
is largely removed from the regular running expenses.
The Act of Assembly of May 21, 1901, authorizes the
Commissioners of each county in the State to pay to the
oldest Historical Society in the county a sum not exceeding
$200 annually, to be used exclusively for current expenses.
Now, just as this $200 cannot be diverted from the specified
purpose, so none of the Special Funds donated to this
Society for a special purpose can be used for other objects.
Thus :
Fund No. i was given by the heirs of Colonel Zebulon
Butler, and the Librarian, exclusively. No one else has been
permitted to add to the Fund, nor has one dollar been added
from the Society. The Fund is a Memorial to that distin-
guished officer, and the purpose designated in the gift and
accepted by the Trustees is the Ethnological department of
the Society. The income is used to purchase local Indian
relics for the Butler collection, Ethnological books for the
Butler library, and illustrations for the Ethnological papers
published in the annual volumes.
Fund No. 2 was given by the Coxe family exclusively to
provide for the annual publications of the Society and can-
not be diverted to other uses.
20b EXPLANATION OF THE INVESTED FUNDS.
Fund No. 3 was created by Rev. Mr. Hay den with much
self-denial and labour, and the money was given by him
because it was necessary to use the building of the Society
to dispose of the things whereby the fund was made possi-
ble. The money was his legally, but it touched the Society,
else he would not have made it, nor would he have given it
for any other purpose than that designated, the providing
of annual geological addresses before the Society.
Fund No. 5 was given by Mr. Hunlock to meet a very
great need in the library where unbound books accumulate
annually and are useless unbound.
Fund No. 9 was partly given by the family of Mr. Lacoe
to provide for the Lacoe Paleozoic collection and was com-
pleted to $1,000 by the sale of the annual "Proceedings", as
per By-Law 17. This Fund and the Ingham Fund can be
used at the will of the Trustees, because almost entirely
given by the Society.
Fund No. 10 was donated by Mrs. George C. Smith in
memory of her father, Augustus C. Laning, Vice President,
1861, and was specified for providing an annual historical
paper or address before the Society.
Fund No. 12 was given by the brothers and sister of Shel-
don Reynolds, Esq., President 1895, exclusively to establish
a Memorial library of rare and valuable American History.
Fund No. 16 was given by the two sons of our honored
founder and President Judge Woodward to commemorate
his life-long membership, to be used like the Laning Fund,
to provide annually an historical paper to be read before the
Society and published.
Fund No. 17 was the gift of the immediate family and
relatives of Harrison Wright, Ph. D., to create a Memorial
library of English heraldry and genealogy, the specified
object for which it was asked.
Fund No. 20 was designated by the family of Hon.
Charles A. Miner for the purchase of geological books and
specimens for the Society, taking the place of the Ingham
Fund, which, created by the Society, will be used for general
purposes.
All the other Funds are given or devoted to general pur-
poses, and so contributed. There are always in literary and
historical Societies necessities which cannot be easily met
from the current funds and yet when left "at loose ends"
become serious drawbacks to progress.
REPORTS. 21
Library Report, Special.
THE HARRISON WRIGHT MEMORIAL LIBRARY.
This Society is the fortunate possessor of two valuable
and special libraries established by the Memorial Funds
given by the respective families in memory of the late Har-
rison Wright, A. M., Ph. D., our most versatile and efficient
Secretary for fourteen years, and his active fellow worker,
Sheldon Reynolds, A. M., for ten years Corresponding
Secretary, and President in 1894.
These Funds of $1,000 each afford an annual income of
fifty dollars for the purchase of special books.
The Harrison Wright Fund is designed for the purchase
of works on Heraldry and English Genealogy, and The Shel-
don Reynolds Fund for Scarce American History and
Genealogy.
It is the intention of the Librarian to publish in this and
future volumes, a full list of the titles in each library to date.
These will be followed by a list of the titles in the Colonel
Zebulon Butler Library of Ethnology, and the Geological
Library.
BOOKS OF THE HARRISON WRIGHT LIBRARY.
Annual Register of History, Politics and Literature. London 1758-
1792 with Index. 34 Vols.
American Armory and Blue Book. London 1907. i Vol.
Anderson (James) Royal Genealogies, or the Genealogical Tables
of Emperors, Kings and Princes from Adam to these times.
Roy. folio, Old Calf, 1732. i Vol.
The Ancestor. A Quarterly Review of County and Family History,
Heraldry and Antiquities. With Indexes 1902-5. 13 Vols.
Army Lists of Roundheads and Cavalier of the Royal and Parlia-
mentary Armies 1642. London 1863. I Vol.
Alumni Oxoniensis, or Members of the University of Oxford (Eng-
land) 1500-1886, with Biographical notes, Parentage, etc. Joseph
Foster. 4 Vols.
Bardsley (C. W.) Our English Surnames, etc. London 1893. I Vol.
Brydges(Sir E.) Collins's Peerage of England, London 1812. 9 Vols
Burke (John) Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Common-
ers of Great Britain and Ireland. London 1833-1838. 4 Vols.
Burke (J. Bernard). Dictionary of the Landed Gentry with Sup-
plement and General Index. London 1852. 3 Vols.
Burke. Ditto 5th Edition. 2 Vols.
22 REPORTS.
Burke (J. B.) The Royal Families of England, Scotland and
Wales with Descendants, Sovereigns and Subjects. London 1851.
2 Vols.
Burke (J. B.) Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Colonial
Gentry. London 1891-5. 2 Vols.
Burke (J. B.) Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peer-
ages of England, Ireland and Scotland. Extinct, Dormant and
in Abeyance. London 1866. i Vol.
Burke (J. B.) Genealogical and Heraldic History of Extinct and
Dormant Baronetcies of England. London 1844. i Vol.
Boutell (Charles) English Heraldry. London 1904. i Vol.
Clark (George) Genealogies of Morgan and Glanmorgan. London
1886. i Vol.
Collins (Arthur) Peerage of England. Genealogical, Biographical
and Historical, etc. London 1750. 6 Vols.
Collins (Arthur) Baronetage of England. London 1741. 5 Vols.
Cornwall. Visitation of 1530-1620 by J. L. Vivian 1887. I Vol.
Crisp (F. A.) Abstract of Somersetshire (England) Wills, etc.,
copied from Manuscript. London 1889-90. 6 Vols.
Crisp (F. A.) Calendar of Wills at Ipswich (Eng.) 1444-1600. I Vol.
Crisp (F. A.) Marriage License Bonds in Suffolk. Archdeaconry
Registry at Ipswich 1663-1750. London 1900. i Vol.
Croziers General Armory (American) N. Y. 1904. i Vol.
Chester (Col. L.) London Marriage Licenses 1521-1629. Edited by
Joseph Foster, London, i Vol.
Chesters ; Genealogical Memoir of the Extinct Families of Chesters
of Chicheley. 200 Pedigrees. By R. E. C. Waters. London
1898. 2 Vols.
Collection of State Trials of England. Volume 5. London 1730.
i Vol.
Dickson. The Border or Riding Clans with History of the Clan
Dickson. Albany 1889. i Vol.
Dymoke, Dimick; Scrivelsby, the Home of the Champions of Eng-
land with some account of the Marmion and Dymoke Families.
By S. S. Lodge. London 1804. i Vol.
Devonshire. Lost Parish Registers 1596-1644. R. Granville 1908. I
Vol.
Devonshire Pedigrees. Visitation of 1620. John Tuckett 1856. 2
Vols.
Durham. Pedigrees recorded at the Visitation of the County of
Durham 1575. 1615. 1616. Edited by Joseph Foster, i Vol.
French. County Records of the Surnames of Frances, Francis
French, in England A. D. 1100-1350. By A. D. Weld. I Vol.
French. Notes on the names of Frances and French in Scotland and
of the Frenches of Thorndykes. Boston 1893-1896. i Vol.
Fenstanton, Warboys & Hexham Records 1644-1720. Underbill 1854.
i Vol.
Farrar (Henry) Irish Marriages 1771-1812. 2 Vols.
Grey's Inn. Register of Admissions in Grey's Inn with Marriages
in Grey's Inn Chapel. 1695-1754. Edited by Joseph Foster.
i Vol.
Gentleman's Magazine (The), a General and Historical Chronicle.
1735-1826. London. Indexed. 138 Vols,
REPORTS. 23
Hertfordshire, St. Albans Parish Register 1558-1689. W. Brigg. i
Vol.
Herald and Genealogist (The). Edited by I. G. Nichols. London
1863-1874. 8 Vols.
Junius. Authorship of with Biographical Memoir of Lt. Col. Isaac
Barre, M. P. By John Britton, F. S. D. London 1848. Por-
traits of Barre. i Vol.
London. Visitation of 1633-35. Sir Henry St. George. Edited by
Howard Chester 1878. 2 Vols.
Lysons (D. and S.) Magna Britannia. Topography of Devonshire.
The 6th Vol. only. London 1822. 2 Vols.
Miscellanea, Genealogica et Heraldica. J. J. Howard. London
1874-1894. First, Second, Third and Fourth Series. 17 Vols.
Middlesex. The Visitation of 1643. Edited by Joseph Foster. Lon-
don 1887. i Vol.
Marshall (G. W.) The Genealogists Guide. Last Edition. London
1906. i Vol.
Northamptonshire. Visitations of 1564 and 1618-19. Edited by W.
C. Metcalfe 1887. i Vol.
Notes and Queries (Historical and Genealogical) 1849-1888 with In-
dexes. (English) 86 Vols.
Ormerod (George) History of the County Palatine and City of
Chester, England, 2d Ed. London 1882. 3 Vols.
Phillimore (W. P. W.) Somerset Parish Registers. London 1898.
8 yols.
Wiltshire Parish Registers. 3 Vols.
Reitstap (J. B.) Armorial General. 2d Ed. (Continental Heraldry)
1907. 2 Vols.
Somersetshire. Visitation of 1531, 1573 and 1591. Edited by F. W.
Weaver, i Vol.
Tissington (S.) Epitaphs and Monumental Inscriptions. London
1857. i Vol.
Watson (Mrs. A. R.) of Sceptred Race. 1910. i Vol.
Watson (Mrs. A. R.) A. Royal Lineage, Alfred the Great. 901-1701.
i Vol.
Western Antiquarian, Devonshire, by Wright 1881-1892. n Vols.
Waters (Henry F.) Genealogical Gleanings in England. Boston
1901. i Vols.
Wilkes (John) Letters of, to his daughter, Miss Wilkes. 1774-1796.
London 1804. 5 Vols.
Yorkshire. Visitation 1584. By Glover. Edited by Joseph Foster,
1875. i Vol.
Pedigree Register (The), George Sherwood, 1910-11. 2 Vols.
Matthews (John) American Armoury or Blue Book 1907. i Vol.
Transactions of the Glasgow Archaelogical Society. Vol. i. I Vol.
Round (J. H.) Studies in Peerage and Family History 1892. I Vol.
Blome. Alphabetical Account of the Nobility and Gentry of the
Counties of England and Wales. London 1673. i Vol.
Sims (Richard) Manual for the Genealogist, Topographer, Anti-
quarian and Legal Professor, etc. London 1856. I Vol.
412 Volumes.
Figure I. GEOLOGIC MAP of CENTRAL CONNECTICUT
with
STRUCTURE SECTION on Lat. 41° 35' N.
CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC
PAST.
BY JOSEPH BARRELL, E. M., PH. D.
Professor of Structural Geology in Yale University.
READ BEFORE THE WYOMING HISTORICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
APRIL 28, ipll.
(HAYDEN GEOLOGICAL LECTURE FUND.)
"The hills are shadows, and they flow
From form to form and nothing stands;
They melt like mists, the solid lands,
Like clouds they shape themselves and go."
TENNYSON.
INTRODUCTION: OUTLINE.
Plan of the paper 25
Geologic history expressed by structure sections 27
The measure of geologic time 29
DESCRIPTION OF CENTRAL CONNECTICUT :
A part of the Appalachian province 37
The surface 32
The rock structure • • 35
STRUCTURE SECTIONS OF SUCCESSIVE GEOLOGIC PERIODS :
The present geologic time 38
Connecticut during the glacial period 39
The close of the Tertiary period 40
In the Cretaceous period 40
The block mountains of the early Jurassic 41
Close of the Triassic basin 42
Beginning of the Triassic basin 44
Close of the Appalachian revolution 45
THE PANORAMA OF GEOLOGIC TIME 47
THE MEANING OF THE SHIFTING SCENES 50
INTRODUCTION.
Plan of the paper. — The great lesson taught by the study of
the outer crust is that the earth-mother, like her children, has
attained her present form through ceaseless change — change
which marks the pulse of life and which shall cease only when
her internal forces slumber and the cloudy air and surf-
bound ocean no more are moving garments. The flowing
landscapes of geologic time may be likened to a kinetoscopic
26 CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST.
panorama. The scenes transform from age to age, as from
act to act ; seas and plains and mountains of different types
follow and replace each other through time; as the traveler
sees them succeed each other in space. At times the drama
hastens and unusual rapidity of geologic action has in fact
marked those epochs since man has been a spectator upon the
earth. Science demonstrates that mountains are transitory
forms, but the eye of man through all his lifetime sees no
change, and his reason is appalled at the conception of a dura-
tion so vast that the milleniums of written history have not
accomplished the shifting of even one of the fleeting views
which blend into the moving picture. The reason becomes
convinced by argument, but drawings assist the imagina-
tion in rebuilding on the present rock foundation and eroded
structures the shadowy outlines of the former landscapes
which they imply. Central Connecticut is here chosen for
such graphic study. A statement of the present surface
form and geologic structures is given as a basis for the
reconstruction by drawings of the forms and structures of
the past. Having followed the evidence backward through
the geologic ages to that period when obscurity darkens the
farther past the vision is turned forward and, abandoning
argument, there flows before the observer in returning to
the living age the panorama of geologic time. But science
not only reconstructs the past. It also asks the questions —
why and whither. In order not wholly to omit an answer
there is given therefore at the close of this study a brief
conclusion on the meaning of the shifting scenes.
The limits of this paper and the great number of events
which are reviewed prevent an extensive discussion of the
local evidence, which may be found in large part, however,
in other publications.1 But the conclusions depart from
*See especially Davis, W. M., The Triassic Formation of Con-
necticut, i8th Ann. Rpt. U. S. Geol. Surv., Part II, pp. 9-192, 1898;
also, Rice, W. N., and Gregory, H. E., Manual of the Geology of
Connecticut, Bull. No. 6, Conn, Geological and Natural History
Survey, 1906.
CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST. 27
those previously expressed in some particulars, where a
study of the field or theoretical considerations has led the
present writer to other views. The subject lends itself to
popular treatment and technical writing has been avoided
therefore, as much as possible, even at the expense of some
expansion in length, but the structure sections here presented
are wholly new and it is hoped that they and parts of the
discussion are not without interest to geological specialists.
Geologic history expressed by structure sections. — Geo-
logic studies commonly center in a written description and
are illustrated by maps and structure sections which show
the rock formations as they exist at the present time. In
this article the form of presentation is reversed and the
later geologic history of central Connecticut centers about
a succession of graphic portrayals with written descriptions
to precede and explain these views. A structure section
passing east and west near Meriden and Middletown shows
the rock formations as they would appear on the walls of
a deep trench, and the surface outline shows the magnitude
and relations of hills and valleys. Upon this structure sec-
tion, as upon a wide canvas, the spectator may in imagina-
tion review the changes which pass from age to age over
this one portion of the earth.
The structure section of the Present Geologic Time, as
shown in Figures i and 2, is based upon the location of
surface outcrops, and the information which these give to
the geologist of the underground structure. But except
for the surface line, this, like other structure sections, is
the product of the scientific imagination. The deeper the
section is carried and the more complicated the geology the
more it must fail of accuracy, though its value may still be
great in graphically explaining the geologic history of the
region. The surface of the earth, which alone is open to
observation, is, however, a shifting surface of erosion,
separating that portion of the rocks invisible because de-
stroyed, from that other portion invisible because not yet
brought to the scene of destruction .
28 CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST..
From the study of this soil-clad surface which intersects
the original structure of the rocks, the vanished portion
above our heads may be as legitimately portrayed by the
same methods of reasoning and with a similar degree of
accuracy as the invisible structures below our feet. The
structure may then be progressively simplified by taking
away the effects of successive crustal movements and there-
by graphically show the structural evolution. The corre-
sponding landscape may be restored for each stage by invok-
ing the principles which underlie erosion and deposition and
applying these to derive the relations between the present
and the past. It has been noted that the precision of parts
of the structure section becomes less the farther they are
from the controlling surface of observation and in a similar
manner, the precision of the delineation of the ancient
surface of erosion becomes less the farther it is removed
from relationship with the present landscape. Limits are,
therefore, reached in geologic time as well as in hidden
depth beyond which inference weakens and portrayal can-
not go.
The method has its value on the one hand in overcoming
the confusion of words and in visualizing impressively
change following change in the protean earth. It shows
with some degree of geologic precision the chronologic mile
posts of the flowing landscape. But the limitations of scale
preclude the representation on the same drawings of detailed
views, such as met the eyes of the changing denizens of
each age. Their restoration and the scenes which they
lived among await the imagination and the pencil of the
geologic artist.1
1See a forthcoming bulletin of the Connecticut Geological and
Natural History Survey, Triassic Life of the Connecticut Valley,
by Richard Swann Lull, Professor of Vertebrate Paleontology in
Yale University. This bulletin will treat in detail the life of Trias-
sic times as drawn in part from knowledge of the bones, but espe-
cially from the wonderfully rich and unique footprint record of the
Triassic rocks of Connecticut and Massachusetts.
CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST. 29
The graphic method has the disadvantage, on the other
hand, of requiring the definite expression of detail, where
in the nature of the problem a knowledge of detail is more
or less absent, but this defect, inherent in drawings, is seen
to be small if the reader follows the evidence on which they
are based and uses them for the purpose of visualizing
general conclusions.
The conventional structure sections show neither the land-
scape of the background nor the clouds above, but for the
present purpose they may be effectively added. The atmos-
phere and its clouds belong to the earth. In wind and rain
they play their geologic parts. Climate is expressed in the
present to some extent by cloud forms and ancient climates
are recorded in the crust by the character of the contem-
poraneous erosion and sedimentation. Furthermore, each
type of cloud has a tendency toward a certain size and
elevation and gives a rude gigantic scale against which may
be measured the mountain heights. Observations at the
Blue Hill Observatory, for example, showed that the Cumu-
lus, or summer day clouds, in summer have their flat bases
at an average elevation of 4,900 feet above the land surface,
in winter at an elevation of 4,600 feet. Their rounded,
tumultuous summits average 1,500 feet higher.1 The heights
as found in other countries are not markedly different, but
the average height increases about 1,400 feet from morning
to noon, and from day to day may depart from the mean for
the hour of the day within somewhat similar limits. The
flat base of the Cumulus may be regarded, therefore, as
usually ranging from three-quarters of a mile to a mile and
a quarter above the surface of the plains.
The Measure of Geologic time. — Man measures his life
by a few score years; the years of the earth are measured
by scores of millions, an abyss of time so vast in comparison
1H. H. Clayton and S. P. Ferguson, Measurements of Cloud
Heights and Velocities. Annals of Astronomical Observatory of
Harvard College, Vol. XXX, Part III, 1892.
3O CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST.
that the mind cannot fathom it save by the use of analogy.
Let a year be represented by a foot; the average length of
human life is measured then by the breadth of a dwelling
house, and human history is limited approximately to
a mile; but the duration of geologic time is comparable to
the circumference of the globe. The length of geologic ages
cannot be accurately stated in years, but the rather conserva-
tive estimates of J. D. Dana are given in the annexed table
of geologic time, the periods of which are here omitted
previous to the Mesozoic. It is seen that each preceding
era of the last four is longer than the sum of all succeeding
eras, but as to the duration of the first two eras not even
their ratio to the later times is known. In the region
selected for the present study the history can be well de-
ciphered back to the beginning of the Mesozoic, and it will
be seen that many events which have transformed the face
of nature have been crowded into that time. Yet it is
probably not over a fourth of that geologic time since the
beginning of the fossil record of living forms, nor more
than a tenth of the entire history of the world. The length
of the geologic periods is measured by the work of erosion
and deposition, and the changes which pass over central
Connecticut from period to period, as expressed in the
accompanying drawings, enable the reader to form some
estimate for himself of their relative duration. In most
cases it is seen that each preceding change involves a greater
transformation and implies a longer lapse of time than those
which follow, as shown in the estimates of the table. But
knowledge becomes vague in proportion as the distant evi-
dence has become destroyed through the recording of later
events, and the student of geologic time looking over the
illimitable past is reminded of a mountainous landscape.
Beyond the nearby foothills range after range breaks the
view, each rising higher, the scale of magnitude continually
increasing; but the eye gradually losing all detail of form.
Beyond the blue rim of the horizon the reason knows that
still other mountains lie.
CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST. 3!
TABLE OF GEOLOGIC TIME.
ESTIMATE OF
LENGTH.
ERAS.
AGES.
PERIODS.
30,OOO
Psychozoic
Age of Man
Human
3,000,000
Cenozoic
Age of Mammals
Quaternary
Tertiary
9,OOO,OOO
Mesozoic
Age of Reptiles
Upper Cretaceous
Lower Cretaceous
Jurassic
Triassic
36,000,000
Paleozoic
Age of Amphibians
Age of Fishes
Age of Invertebrates
p
Proterozoic
?
Archeozoic
DESCRIPTION OF CENTRAL CONNECTICUT.
Figure i.
A part of the Appalachian province. — The geologic pro-
vince of the Appalachian mountain system stretches from
Newfoundland to Georgia and in width it reaches from the
Atlantic coastal plains to the plains of the Central States.
It is divided into many belts, which form sub-provinces,
each with its own geologic record, each telling better than
another some particular geologic story. The history of each
region is in part local, in part general. In describing, there-
fore, the geologic past of central Connecticut since the
Paleozoic, one may find a general description of events
similar to those which have passed over all that belt of the
Appalachian system which stretches through Massachusetts,
Connecticut, New Jersey, and Southeastern Pennsylvania to
central North Carolina. To a lesser degree the history has
corresponding stages in those belts of the Appalachians to
32 CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST.
the east and west. The local description, besides giving
details of local interest, serves, by concentrating the atten-
tion, to bring out sharply the magnitude of the changes
which mark the passage of geologic time. It is thought,
therefore, that such a discussion may serve for more than
local interests.
The surface features. — The surface of the land is the
product of erosion, and with respect to different levels
of the sea. The erosion of the portions above sea level
during each period has furthermore been carried to
varying degrees of completion. The result has been to
divide Connecticut into three geographic provinces, the
Central Lowland, and the Eastern and Western High-
lands. The Central Lowland trends nearly north and
south across the central part of the State and extends
northward across Massachusetts. On the northern bound-
ary of Connecticut it has a breadth of twenty miles,
but narrows southward to about eight miles at the lati-
tude of New Haven. t It constitutes throughout most of
its length the broad valley of the Connecticut river, but
the latter abandons the Lowland at Middletown and has
carved from that point a gorge diagonally across the East-
ern Highland to Long Island Sound. The southern end of
the Central Lowland is consequently drained by several
small rivers which flow into New Haven harbor. With the
exception of the narrow belts of marble which occur in the
western part of the State the Triassic shales and sandstones
which underlie the Lowland are the rocks least resistant to
decay and erosion, and have, therefore, rapidly, from the
geologic standpoint, been worn low. The Eastern and
Western Highlands, on the contrary, are, with the excep-
tion of the small Pomperaug Valley, lying west of the map,
underlaid wholly by metamorphic rocks; these are crystal-
ized sediments or mashed and recrystalized igneous rocks.
With the exception of the marble belts the metamorphic
rocks are hard and insoluble and therefore slow to decay
CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST. 33
into soil. But this means slow erosion save where the stream
currents carving with the sand and gravel of their beds
wear out narrow valleys. Thus it is seen that the geologic
structure is the fundamental factor which controls the nature
of the surface. The Central Lowland is in its larger aspect
a plain, but in detail it is seen to consist largely of low hills
with flowing outline. The rivers meander through the Low-
land in broad valleys but with well-defined channels. Promi-
nent but interrupted ridges of trap rock run the length of
the valley and rise several hundred feet above the general
level. The principal streams are less than a hundred feet
above the sea, but the rolling surface of the Lowland lies
mostly from 100 to 400 feet higher, the northern parts in
Connecticut averaging about 100 feet higher than the south-
ern. The gentle slopes and deep soil are suited to agricul-
ture; numerous small cities and several larger ones have
developed and communication is easy in all directions.
The Lowland plain bevels across the structure of the
rocks beneath and is therefore a plain of erosion. But even
if the present narrow river valleys be in imagination refilled
with the rock which they have excavated the Lowland sur-
face will be seen to be not level, but diversified by low hills
100 to 200 feet in height. It is therefore not a plain but a
peneplain, that is, — almost a plain. The general uniformity
of level at an elevation which in central Connecticut aver-
ages about 200 feet, indicates, furthermore, that the pene-
plain was developed by subaerial erosion when the land
stood about 200 feet lower than at present. A more recent
uplift has permitted the streams to cut to a lower level and
erosion has begun to destroy the peneplain which formerly
it brought into existence, by beginning to create a new one at
the present level of the river.
The Eastern and Western Highlands are in their larger
aspects plateaus and in regions removed from the principal
rivers, as at Litchfield, this relative flatness of the upper
surface is conspicuous, the local relief being no greater
34 CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST.
than in the Central Lowland, though the average elevation
may be more than a thousand feet above the sea. Over
most of the highland area, however, the rivers and their
tributaries have sunk into the upland, eroding narrow val-
leys of considerable grade, dissecting the plateau into a
greater or less ruggedness and making communication
across the drainage systems more difficult than in the Low-
land. If the valleys be filled in imagination with the rock
which the rivers have removed from them the plateau
character of the Highlands become apparent. But it is not
a level plateau; on the northern boundary line of Connecti-
cut it attains an elevation of about 1700 feet above the sea
in the west and descends to an elevation of about 600 feet
at the eastern limit of the State. From this elevation on
the north the plateau slopes south and the place where it
reaches sea level determines the Connecticut shoreline of
Long Island Sound. At the southern limit the dissected
Highlands therefore grade into an undissected lowland,
albeit one of rocky character. The result is that along the
shore Lowland and Highlands lose their distinctions in
elevation and the only railroad which runs across the State
independently of both rock structure and the river valleys
is the Shore Line of the New York, New Haven and Hart-
ford Railroad. On the Highlands the soil is in general
thinner and more stony than on the Lowland, and agricul-
ture meets with less reward.
The Highland surface, like that of the Lowland, trun-
cates the rock structure. It is, therefore, like the latter, the
product of erosion, but during an earlier geologic period,
when this plateau surface lay near the level of the sea and
erosion continued to sap the slopes of all hills which rose
above its surface, but could not carve the rocks below.
The hills gradually melted down until they possessed but a
remnant of their former height. The valleys became broad
and open. A peneplain extended far and wide, interrupted
by a few remaining mountain knots. Then after a long
CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST. 35
interval a broad swelling uplift of the land created a lower
sea level ; a lower base level toward which the rivers began
to etch their channels and the Highlands began to be de-
stroyed.
The rock structure. — The erosion surface gives the data
for deciphering one side of geologic history, that of the
surface activities ; the rock structure gives another side of
this history, that connected with the forming and trans-
forming of the rocks. The structure section shown in fig-
ure i shows the attitude and nature of the rock formations,
the oldest being united in one group, — the pre-Paleozoic
complex gneisses. Back of the Paleozoic ages lies a tan-
gled record which speaks however of eras of mountain-
making, erosion and sedimentation, followed by the mani-
festation on a prodigeous scale of new mountain-making
forces. The sediments were crystalized, mashed, and
injected with sheets and masses of molten rock. Thus
developed the pre-Paleozoic complex gneisses, the result of
internal forces so vast as to remold the nature of the crust
and everywhere hide in obscurity the earliest history of the
earth. This "Basement Complex" does not rise to the
surface on the line of the structure section, its nearest out-
crops being in the northwestern portion of the State.
The second group of rocks shown in the drawings com-
prises the Paleozoic sediments. During the greater part
of those ages Connecticut was however then, as now, a part
of the land, but differing from the present in that it stood
on the eastern side of an inland sea. Long Island Sound
was not yet in existence and the Appalachians extended
to the south, where now the continent is submerged. The
mountain system was furthermore subjected more than once
to movements of folding and uplift. The Paleozoic sediments
therefore represent only certain periods when the land
stood lowest and the sea held widest sway. Only portions
of those deposits have been preserved, the parts which were
folded down rather than thrust up. The folding, mashing
36 CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST.
and crystallization to which these sediments were subjected
in mountain-making movements of the Paleozoic especially
near its close, have been so great as to transform them com-
pletely into crystalline schists and gneisses. All fossils
which they once may have contained have been obliterated
and the age of the sediments further than that they belong
to the Paleozoic is not known.
The third group of formations comprise the intrusive
igneous rocks of Paleozoic age. They are mostly granite
gneisses, forced at repeated intervals into the older rocks as
molten masses of great volume, solidify ing into granites, later
crushed into gneisses. Their invasions record times of revo-
lution, of uplift and mountain-making, even as the sediments
into which they were forced recorded by their making times
of quiet and local subsidence. The intrusive rocks probably
belong mostly to the closing periods of the Paleozoic when
the ancient order of lands and seas and the life inhabiting
them was being broken up and the world stage was being
reset for the drama of»the Age of Reptiles. But since the
sediments are not precisely dated neither can the age of the
granite gneisses be definitely known. Farther west, in New
York State, seas prevailed until near the close of the Paleo-
zoic and the unmetamorphosed strata record with fulness
the progress of life and the sequence of the ages, but near
the western border of New England many formations dis-
appear, others change their sedimentary character, meta-
morphism masks their original nature and before the Cen-
tral Lowland is reached they pass into a tangle of metamor-
phic and igneous rocks, a second Basement Complex, only
less profoundly changed than the pre-Paleozoic Complex
below. Indeed, until within recent years no separation was
made between them, and the greater part of Connecticut
with the rest of New England was regarded as made of
rocks of Archean age. But although the original nature
of the sediments is so greatly blurred the metamorphism and
igneous intrusion clearly record a history still more impres-
CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST. 37
sive to the imagination, for they are the basement structures
of an ancient range of mountains, the Paleozoic Alps of
New England, a generation of mountains long since van-
ished, but whose rugged slopes and majestic heights the
mind of man has learned to build anew.
The fourth group of rocks shown on the structure sec-
tions is that of the Triassic sediments and lavas. These
are red to brown shales and sandstones with, in certain
localities, many conglomerate beds. Intrusions of trap were
forced into these sediments as thinly molten sheets and at
three separate times great floods of lava welled over the
surface. These were poured out while the Triassic muds
and sands were accumulating and subsiding, and each in
turn became buried beneath the later beds of the formation.
Uplift of the neighboring regions and subsidence over the
region of accumulation permitted erosion and sedimentation
to proceed until a maximum thickness of certainly more
than two miles, very possibly as much as three miles, had
accumulated. The sediments and the lavas were laid down
in approximately horizontal sheets but they now exhibit a
regional dip to the east which averages from fifteen to
twenty degrees. Erosion has planed across these inclined
strata exposing them to view from top to bottom. The trap
flows consist of harder rock and have not been worn so low
as the soft rocks which underlie the valley floor. But the
outcrops of the lavas are broken and offset and repeated,
indicating that the Triassic formation has been shattered
into great crust blocks which have slipped on fault planes
hundreds or thousands of feet with respect to each other.
The original position of the sediments has therefore been
modified by both tilting and faulting ; as shown on the struc-
ture section. The floor upon which the Triassic land waste
began to be laid down has again become exposed as the
eastern slope of the Western Highland. It is a fairly plane
surface eroded across various metamorphic rocks and indi-
cates a great lapse of time following the elevation of the late
38 CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST.
Paleozoic mountains, before the beginning of the Triassic
sedimentation.
The life record as shown by many footprints and rare
fossil bones belongs to the upper Triassic and may encroach
into the Jurassic period.
Later than the Triassic the only deposits in Connecticut
consist of the thin mantle of glacial drift and surface
gravels, sands, and clay which mark the presence and the
retreat of the continental ice sheet of the geologically recent
Quaternary period, the age of ice. Having given this gen-
eral review of the geology of central Connecticut, the atten-
tion may be turned to the structure sections which repre-
sent the successive geologic events and the evidence upon
which each is based.
STRUCTURE SECTIONS OF SUCCESSIVE GEOLOGIC PERIODS.
The present geologic time, Figure 2. — The section shows
the relatively slight relief of the valley ridges and the High-
lands above the Centra^ Lowland, as compared to the former
reliefs implied by the eroded structures. A new cycle of
erosion has begun but has not yet made much progress
toward completion, as shown by the narrowness of the
alluvial flood plains, the hilly character of the Lowland on
a small scale and the steep slopes of the valley walls. Uplift
has therefore been geologically recent but has been of a
broad and uniform nature since the next older baselevel of
erosion represented by the peneplain of the Central Low-
land is still approximately level though slightly higher in the
north. Its elevation on the line of the structure section is
about 200 feet and this marks the amount of uplift. The
present cycle of erosion, although but slightly advanced,
has been in progress, however, since at least the Quaternary
period, as the river valleys are mantled with glacial till
and floored with outwash gravels, showing that they were
eroded before the last ice invasion. The partial completion
of the cycle is, therefore, a measure of the relative length
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STRUCTURE SECTIONS of CENTRAL CONNECTICUT
Lat. 41° 35' N. True vertical scale.
CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST. 39
of a part or all of the interglacial stages of the Quat-
ernary period, rather than a product of post-Quaternary
time. But the uplift has been so small and the erosion of
the rock last raised above sea level is so little advanced
that the results cannot be given expression upon the struc-
ture section. The importance of noting its presence lies in
pointing out the relative insignificance of recent erosion and
in emphasizing the fact that all the features shown in the
drawing are the impress of earlier geological periods, not
of that in which we live.
Connecticut during the glacial period, Figure 3. — The con-
tinental ice sheet reached as far south as Long Island and
buried all the hills of Connecticut, as well as the Catskill,
Green, and White mountains. From various lines of evi-
dence its thickness over the Central Lowland on this line
when at its maximum may be estimated as approximately a
half mile. It was an unbroken arctic desert mantling the
northern half of the continent, similar to the present ice
caps of Greenland and Antarctica and attaining a thickness
of at least two miles in its central portions ; a desert whose
icy base was in slow but perpetual motion toward its margin,
while its surface snows, analagous to the dusts of tropical
deserts, were hurtled outward more rapidly by the freezing
winds which at short intervals blew from its center. The
ice removed the original soil and ground off a certain amount
of rock but did not remodel the landscape and left it in all
its larger features essentially as it found it, a surface shaped
by running water. Upon the final retreat, however, a dis-
ordered mantle of glacial waste was left upon the rock floor.
The hollows were marked by lakes and swamps and the
river valleys choked with sand and gravel deposited by the
streams flowing from the receding glacial margin. Such
features cannot be expressed upon the section but consti-
tute the evidence from which the appearance of the ice cap
is restored.
4O CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST.
The close of the Tertiary period, Figure 4. — During the
Tertiary period several movements of regional uplift of the
Appalachian province took place and at each halt the rivers
carved down to near the new and, with respect to the rocks,
the lower level of the sea; their tributaries sapped the hills
and a new cycle of erosion with respect to a new baselevel
became initiated. In the latest Tertiary the land stood still
for a considerable time, and the peneplain of the Central
Lowland became developed at sea level. The time, however,
was too short for the harder rocks of the Highlands to suffer
much destruction and the difference in level between the
two plains measures the amount of the several Tertiary
movements. At about the close of the Tertiary the temporary
crustal quiescence was destroyed. A marked uplift of the
lands, especially in higher latitudes, preceded the gathering
of the ice sheets and characterized the earlier portion of
the glacial period. It occurrred in several stages and was
marked by oscillatory reversals, but the aggregate effect
was to initiate a new. cycle of erosion during which Chesa-
peake and Delaware bays and Long Island Sound were
carved as river valleys in the soft deposits of the Coastal
Plain, and gorges and narrow valleys were cut by the larger
streams farther inland. The structure section shows the
gorge of the Connecticut river trenched in the peneplain
of the Central Lowland. A subsidence which began in the
latter part of the glacial period has, however, brought the
Central Lowland part way back toward its original level.
This lower attitude of the lands, as compared to the eleva-
tion attained in the late part of the Tertiary and early part
of the Glacial periods, has resulted in the development of
Long Island Sound and the partial silting up of the channel
of the Connecticut river.
In the Cretaceous period, Figure 5. — The peneplain whose
remnants still constitute the plateau surface of the High-
lands slopes down to the shores of Long Island Sound and
is extended beneath the Lower Cretaceous sands and clays
-.
/I1 N ,
M^a TriaS5icsedimeiUs and lavas.
kffl-'l Paleozoic intrusive granite-gneisses.
Paleozoic sediment.
Pre-Paleozoic complex gneisses.
0. Scale in miles .horizontal and verHcal. 10.
STRUCTURE SECTIONS of CENTRAL CONNECTICUT
CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST. 4!
which underlie Long Island and also the Coastal Plain
which extends from Staten Island to the south. The sea-
ward part of this erosion surface was, therefore, already
completed at the beginning of the Lower Cretaceous, at
which time a subsidence of its margins caused these sands
and clays to be deposited upon it, a floor of ancient gran-
ites and metamorphic rocks. The inland portions of the
peneplain continued to be carved by erosion over the upper
watersheds of the rivers during the passage of Cretaceous
time, sapping the flanks of the isolated groups of mountains
where the Catskills, Green, and White mountains,, and
Southern Appalachians still rise above the level of the now
elevated plain.
To restore Central Connecticut to its appearance during
Cretaceous time the peneplain must be again depressed to
near the level of the sea and the Lowland basin and the
narrower valleys of the Highlands must be filled with the
rock removed during the Tertiary cycles of erosion. The
result is a land of so little relief that the hills do not show
on the scale of the drawing. In Connecticut the ancient
Appalachians had been destroyed and the present genera-
tion of the Appalachian ridges and plateaus were not yet
born. The obliteration of the former land relief marks the
completion of an erosion cycle. In soft rocks the cycle
becomes rapidly completed as measured by the standards
of geologic time. In hard rocks, such as those of the High-
lands, it requires a far longer time to develop a peneplain,
but also a corresponding time is required for its destruction
after it has become uplifted. The flat summits of the
Highlands are therefore the relics of an ancient cycle of
erosion much longer in its duration than all of later geo-
logic time.
The block mountains of the early Juraissic, Figure 6. —
The Triassic sediments of the Connecticut Valley and other
areas in Eastern North America, show by their fossils
that they were deposited in late Triassic time. The develop-
42 CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST.
ment of the Cretaceous peneplain across these Triassic rocks
by the beginning of the Lower Cretaceous period indicates
that the Triassic sediments were tilted and faulted by crust
movements and then beveled by erosion during Jurassic
time. The early part of the period therefore was marked
by a considerable crustal disturbance; the whole of the
period was one of erosion in the eastern part of the conti-
nent. But the larger crust movements are slow, though
marked by the spasmodic violence of earthquakes. Erosion
begins at the same moment as uplift and its rapidity keeps
pace with the height of the mountain growth. Therefore in
reconstructing the regional landscape at the close of the
tilting and faulting movement the upturned sides of the
crust blocks must be shown as already partly destroyed,
but the mountains still hold considerable relation to the tilt-
ing character of the movement as well as to the position of
the more resistant rocks. The magnitude of the fault move-
ments seem to imply early Jurassic mountains, some of
which reached the clouds. Certain uplifted blocks, under-
lain by soft rocks, were, however, rapidly sapped by erosion
and could never have attained much of the height suggested
by the structure. Other uplifted portions, composed of
hard and massive rocks, must have required the whole of
Jurassic time to bring low. In fact, the peaks of the Green
Mountains rising above the Highland peneplain are rem-
nants which still maintain the dignity of mountains.
Close of the Triassic basin, Figure 7. — Still another step
backward in time and the tilted and faulted structure of the
Triassic strata has not yet come into existence. The nature
of the Triassic sediments and the geographic conditions
under which they accumulated, rather than the structure
imposed later by crustal forces, now engage our attention.
The shales and sandstones below the lowest lava flow show
a thickness of 5,000 to 6,500 feet where exposed over the
western half of the Central Lowland. A small remnant of
the same beds occurs some fifteen miles west of the Central
^^ Triassicsedimenrs and lavas.
V*~fi\ Paleozoic inhrusivegrani he-gneisses.
0. Scale in miles, horizontal and verHcal. 10.
Hi Paleozoic sedimenhs.
ilU Pre-Paleozoic complex gnefsses.
A-A Depth reached by later cycles of erosion
STRUCTURE SECTIONS of CENTRAL CONNECTICUT
CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST. 43
Lowland protected from erosion because it is a downsunken
crust block within the Western Highland. The thickness
of these lower beds, as shown by a boring, is here but 1,200
feet, proving a rapid thinning from east to west. Studies
in New Jersey by Kummel indicate that there the basal
beds disappear toward the north and the sediment was
received from both east and west. The muds, sands, and
gravels were therefore deposited in basins, thicker in some
places than in others, the floor of the basins spreading wider
as the sediments became deeper.
The strata on the east side of the Lowland show many
conglomerate members and a derivation from uplands which
lay nearby on the east. This is even more marked in the
beds above the lava flows than in those below, and this
greater average coarseness of the upper sediments indicates
the intermittent regrowth of mountains whose perennial
waste kept supplying the deposits of the basin. It is necessary
to postulate a boundary consisting of a fault wall in order
that renewed movements upon it may maintain such a long
continued supply of coarse, yet local, waste. Similar con-
glomerates are found also at all levels in the beds which
abut against the western margin of the New Jersey area of
Triassic rocks. These areas were therefore basins facing
each other and bounded on their outer sides by faults,
beyond which rose mountain walls analogous to the Sierras
which look east and the Wasatch which look west over the
desert plains and island mountains of the Great Basin of the
West. The eastern limit of the Connecticut Triassic and
the western limit of the New Jersey area are still on or near
this ancient boundary, but the sediments of the two origi-
nally extended toward each other far beyond their present
limits and the upper beds of the Connecticut area may have
been confluent in places with those of New Jersey.
It has been assumed until recent years that practically
all sediments came to rest beneath permanent bodies of
water, but wider studies of the earth have shown that great
44 CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST.
depths of sand and mud may be built up in subsiding areas
by rivers, as delta and basin deposits. In the Triassic of
Connecticut shrinkage cracks, raindrop impressions and
animal footprints occur abundantly. These marks of sub-
aeriel exposure, together with the presence of land fossils
and absence of those belonging to salt water gave rise (in
connection with the assumption, regarded as compulsory, of
the necessarily marine or lacustrine origin of sediments), to
the hypothesis that the Connecticut valley in the Triassic was
a tidal estuary ; the ebbing tides permitting the development
of the marks of subaerial exposure. But the presence of these
marks in most portions of the formation as characteristic
features and not as shore phenomena shows rather that the
permanent water bodies were restricted to river channels or
shifting lakes and that the sediments of river flood plains
of great breadth were subjected to periodical drying. The
Triassic sediments are therefore best regarded as river
deposits of an inland basin, and if the sea ever gained access
the evidence of it has not as yet been developed.
In these sediments feldspar and muscovite are abundant
constituents, washed in as undecomposed minerals from the
hills of crystalline rocks. The iron minerals and all organic
matter were, however, with rare exceptions, oxidized, the
iron oxide giving rise to the dominant red color of the
whole formation. Such conditions of partial chemical
decay of granitic minerals are found in the basin deposits
of semi-arid climates, such as those of parts of Spain, of
New Mexico, or Southern California; and it is to such
regions that we must turn to find the nearest existing analo-
gues to the climate of Connecticut in the Triassic period.
Beginning of the Triassic Basin, Figure 8. — Remove, in
imagination, all but the basal layer of the Triassic sediments
and restore the region to the appearance which it possessed
before the two to three miles of mud, sand, gravel, and
lava were poured into the sinking basin. A period of ero-
sion had closed which in this area had reduced the previous
r*5»j Triassic sediments
*&%& Late Paleozoic lavas and huffs.
0. Sco.lein mile* .horixonral and vertical. 10.
A-A Depth reached by later cycles of erosion
STRUCTURE SECTIONS of CENTRAL CONNECTICUT
^) Paleozoic intrusive gronife-gneiss
Paleozoic sediments.
ll Pre-Paleozoic Complex,
CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST. 45
generation of mountains to isolated hills and exposed the
basal granites and metamorphic rocks. This ancient land
surface is still preserved, as Davis has pointed out, as the
floor upon which the sediments began to be laid down and is
re-exposed to view on the eastern slopes of the Western
Highland by the erosion of the softer Triassic rocks. The
straightness and planeness of this tilted floor where not
broken by later transverse faults, and its exposure in other
regions by the erosion of the Triassic sediments, indicates
that the land had been worn down to a moderate relief be-
fore the sediments began to be deposited. The structure
section shows the beginning of the basin as a tendency to
downwarp on the one side and upwarp on the other, with the
result that the hills are rejuvenated by the uplift and their
waste begins to bury the crystalline floor of the basin. But
so long as erosion and deposition is more rapid than sub-
sidence no permanent water body can result, as the sedi-
ment is more than sufficient to keep the basin filled. It is
assumed in the structure section that the sharp differentia-
tion of the subsiding margin of the basin from the rising
rim which required the development of a fault zone had not
yet arisen, though such a plane of weakness possibly may
have been inherited from some earlier time.
Close of the Appalachian revolution, Figure p. — The pre-
vious views have been based upon evidence which gives a
considerable knowledge of the character of the land sur-
face of the period involved, but upon leaving behind us the
Mesozoic era, there vanishes all such detailed knowledge.
Erosion has removed vast thicknesses of the Paleozoic rocks
and all that remain have been altered and crystallized by
igneous heat or crushing forces while still deep below the
surface. Such metamorphic rocks are the exposed founda-
tions of ancient mountains, but to what extent they were
built at the end of the Paleozoic and to what extent in some
of its earlier periods is unknown. The fact, however, that
the mountains had become removed by the middle of the
46 CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST.
Triassic period suggests that although the crustal forces
may have been intense during the last movements of the
revolution which closed the Paleozoic, the regional eleva-
tions which may or may not concur were perhaps not
marked along this belt. The regions which were later
occupied by Triassic rocks may already by the close of the
Paleozoic have formed intermontane depressions premoni-
tory of the subsidence of the Triassic. This conservative
interpretation has been adopted in the structure section.
Great masses of granite rock had, however been intruded
in successive stages, perhaps in the Carboniferous period.
These forced their walls apart or broke off and swallowed
portions of the rocks which occupied their chambers, and
raised their covers into irregular mountain domes. The evi-
dence still shows that sheets of molten rock were shot through
the covers, and probably at certain stages of the igneous
activity broad plains of lava, ashes, and coarse fragmental
material were poured out, damming and crowding aside
the rivers of the time. .Volcanoes may have risen in places,
cones of igneous materials built over centralized safety
valves. Such surface rocks, if they once existed, have been
wholly eroded from Connecticut, though still preserved in
eastern New England. In Connecticut they must therefore
be restored with a bold hand on the basis of the subterran-
ean evidence now exposed. But over the Lowland even this
is hidden by the Triassic rocks and the structure section
merely shows the kind of landscape which may have been
present.
Within the past year conglomerates of late Paleozoic age
which occur near Boston have been found to contain glacial
deposits, but it is not probable that the late Paleozoic glaciers
of the Appalachians reached wide extent comparable to the
last or Quaternary glaciation of North America. The late
Paleozoic glaciation of the southern hemisphere, the frag-
mentary evidence of which is now buried in the solid rocks,
was, however, the most widespread known in earth history
CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST. 47
and developed apparently without relation to present cli-
matic zones, occurring in South Africa, India, Australia,
and South America. The regional climate in New England
at the time is thought therefore to have approached toward
glacial. This cold and humid condition it has been sought
to shadow forth in the cloud forms which have been drawn
across the landscape.
This final view has penetrated only through the last frac-
tion of geologic time, but already for central Connecticut the
vision fails and, like these lowering clouds, the obscurity of
the past hides all which lies beyond.
THE PANORAMA OF GEOLOGIC TIME.
The preceding pages have presented a summary of the
evidence upon which the restorations of the successive
periods have been based, passing from the present and the
known to the past and the unknown. They have carried us
into the close of the Paleozoic. From this point in geologic
history, when the first reptiles were just beginning their
rule of the earth, let the vision of the observer be turned
forward and watch the landscapes unroll which record the
flow of time.
In the late Paleozoic the view rests upon the New Eng-
land Alps, the result of a profound crustal revolution; one
of a series of generations of Appalachian mountains, whose
earlier members are even more imperfectly known. But the
vision is turned forward, Paleozoic time is left behind and
the Mesozoic opens. The mountains are imperceptibly worn
low, while the reptiles rise into powerful types, and, though
continuing to war among themselves, their rule of the earth
becomes established.
At last a new movement becomes pronounced ; downsink-
ing of long troughs or basins begins, accompanied by the
uplift of neighboring areas. Deposition, by loading those
starting to sink, accentuates the movement, and causes the
greatest sinking to be on the margins of the basin where the
48 CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST.
greatest amount of sediment is received. The local inten-
sities of the strains produce breaks in the foundation and
the movements take place on fault walls which on certain
sides sharply bound the basins. Profound earthquakes mark
each slip of the crust blocks against each other and attend
the repeated re-elevation of the marginal cliffs. The sedi-
ments gradually extend over the basin floor and blanket the
low interior hills which at first added to the waste. At
times when the movements cease the cliffs wear back, the
sediments become fine and may extend somewhat beyond
the structural boundaries. During seasons of heavy rains
the loose waste is largely washed from the bordering up-
lands over the basin plains and into the basin lakes and
playas. During the following seasons of dryness the flood
plains are dried and cracked, sands blow from the temporary
stream channels over the adjacent plains and the biped rep-
tiles leaves abundant footprints as they follow the shrinking
waters. The following layers of sediment seal these records
of the life for future ages; an extremely abundant life
which otherwise would have escaped our knowledge, since
the conditions existing within the basins were such as not
to lead, except in rare instances, to the preserval of the
bones. At three different intervals great floods of lava well
out of fissures and temporarily obliterate the life from the
level lowlands. Finally from two to three miles of sedi-
ments have accumulated in central Connecticut and the Tri-
assic period has drawn to a close.
Now in the early Jurassic an extensive crust movement is
inaugurated. Subsidence and deposition stop and in their
place a great fracturing of the foundation crust of the basin
takes place. The individual slices or blocks, many of which
are miles in width, are rolled partly over and their frac-
tured sides slip past each other hundreds or even thousands
of feet. The western sides are lifted upward, some blocks
rise higher than others and a new generation of mountains
comes into being, whose higher summits again invade the
clouds.
CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST. 49
Once more a period of crustal quiet prevails and millions
of years pass away. Erosion, working always toward the
level of the sea but never below it, planes across the tilted
crust blocks and in Southern New England bevels all alike,
some of softer sandstones ribbed with harder trap, others
of resistant metamorphic rocks. The mountains have once
more vanished from central Connecticut. Low rolling hills
a few hundred feet in height are the only surviving rem-
nants and Jurassic times draws in turn to its close.
But a period of extensive erosion not only lowers the
lands; the submarine deposits of rock waste serve, though
in lesser degree, to elevate the surface of the sea, and it
creeps over the seaward plains formerly subject to erosion.
With the opening of the Lower Cretaceous deposits of sand
and clay begin to be laid down extensively along the Atlan-
tic coast on the eroded base of older rocks. The sediments
are thinner inland but are thought to reach in the Upper Cre-
taceous as far north as Meridan and Middletown, the line of
the structure sections. During the Upper Cretaceous there
still continues north of the shore line the work of erosion
begun in Jurassic time ; the mountains are eroded to the last
strongholds — the harder rocks between the headwaters of
the rivers. The peneplain developed outside the mountains
has attained meanwhile a great degree of perfection, con-
sidering the hardness of the rocks, and constitutes a meas-
ure of the great duration of the Jurassic and Cretaceous
cycles of erosion.
Finally the great crust movements begin which close the
reign of reptiles and usher in the mammalian age. In the
west the present ranges of the Rocky mountains become out-
lined, but in the Appalachian a broad warping independent
of structure raises the old peneplain into a plateau above
which rise the few remaining mountains. The movement of
uplift is intermittent and at each halt the rivers establish a
new base level of erosion. At last a halt in the latest Ter-
tiary permits the soft rocks of the Central Lowland to be
5O CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST.
widely eroded to near the level of the sea, while in the same
period of time narrow valleys are cut in the harder rocks of
the Highlands.
Now begin those unprecedented broad oscillations of the
crust connected with the crustal and climatic revolution
which closes the Tertiary and marks the beginning of the
Quaternary period. The movement is dominantly one of
uplift and the rivers saw down their valleys in obedience to
the law that they shall seek the level of the sea, but even in
the softer rocks the new work of erosion is only begun when
it becomes interrupted by the refrigeration of the climate.
The northern snows begin not wholly to melt during the
summers. Slowly gathering ice fields form, deepen, and
creep toward the south. Warmer intervals come, marked
by the retreat of the ice, but the glacier each time recovers
its lost ground and advances farther into more temperate
latitudes until it reaches to Long Island, and the Allegheny,
Ohio, and Missouri rivers. The northern half of the con-
tinent is given over to a. reign of ice. The ice margin ad-
vances and recedes, and upon each retreat leaves behind it
belts of moraines, soil mantles of stony till, polished and
scored rock ledges. During the Quaternary Period man is
gaining the mastery of the earth, and finally dawns the
Human period, marked by the recession of the ice, when he
establishes his control. In this brief time no noteworthy
terrestrial changes have taken place. Not even the glacial
soil left by the last retreat of the ice has been washed away.
The post-glacial period may be ten times the length of re-
corded human history, yet measured by the preceding work
of erosion, it is seen to shrink to nothing in the scale of geo-
logic time.
THE MEANING OF THE SHIFTING SCENES.
There comes to us from ancient times the myth of the
Titans and their war against the powers of heaven. They
were the twelve lawless giant children of Uranus, the lord of
heaven and ruler of earth, and Gaea, the personification oi
CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST. 51
earth, the primal mother and first born of Chaos, and because
of the menace of their growing strength, were imprisoned
by their father in Tartarus. From these abysses of darkness
they were released by their mother, incensed at the fate of
her children. They piled mountains on mountains till they
scaled to heaven. In wild battle they overthrew and abased
their father, and Cronus, the youngest of the Titans, sat
upon the throne. But the curse of Uranus was fulfilled.
The reign of Cronus came to an end ; dethroned by his own
son, Zeus, he was compelled to disgorge the children which
he had swallowed in vain effort to thwart his fate. The re-
bellious Titans were again imprisoned; guards were set to
watch them forever and the gods of sun and sea and rain
ruled in their stead.
Into this ancient myth we, in this latter day, may read
more than the early narrators of it knew. Previous to the
age of science, the earth was looked upon as changeless
since the first creative day. But geology, by interpreting
the meaning of ceaselessly moving air and water and by
studying the record of the crust, has opened to the mental
vision the warfare of the resistless powers which shape and
reshape the surface of the world.
Solar heat and light maintain the earth's water largely as
fluid, and the atmosphere in gaseous form. But the con-
centration of solar energy upon certain parts of the earth
produces circulation systems in these mobile envelopes which
work to spread out this energy and lead to its dissipation.
The air, most easily moved by changes of temperature,
carries with it from the ocean water vapor to be condensed
in cloud, precipitated in rain, and extends the beneficient
water circulation over the surface of the lands. The air
sweeps along desert dust and sand ; the flowing waters carry
away rock detritus and hold also rock substance in solution.
The exposed portions of the crust are thus impelled to slug-
gish changes, recorded through geologic time by erosion
and deposition. Movements in the four Greek elements —
52 CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST.
fire, air, water, and earth, form a dependent chain. These
elements become interwoven and the energy which flows
through them from sun to earth drags all into circulation.
These surface energies of the world are sunborn forces,
working to level the uplifted lands and extend the dominion
of the sea, and their control of the earth's surface is recorded
by the sediments piled up through geologic time.
But the earth possesses forces of her own. From time to
time the eroded lands rise again. More locally new moun-
tain ranges are reared to the clouds, and invade the home of
Zeus. The crust beneath the sea sinks lower, draws back
the ocean and compels Poseidon to rule within his proper
realm. The energies of the mysterious interior overflow
and lava fields or volcanic cones add to the rocky crust above
the level of the sea. Thus the earth-born Titans chafe against
their subjugation. They are never completely conquered ;
and here and there for a brief space of time their rebellion,
as they again claim dominion, spreads ruin on the earth.
But there escapes f rt>m the molten rocks, which break into
or through the outer crust, great quantities of water vapor
and gases of carbon with smaller quantities of other gases.
Freed from the pressure of the depths the gases expand
to many times the volume of the parent rocks. Judged by
the amount of the igneous rocks which have invaded the
outer crust through geologic time, the emanations seem pos-
sibly sufficient to have given rise to the entire atmosphere
and ocean without necessarily invoking a primal or cosmic
source. But the enrichment of the air with carbonic oxide
gives the rain in equal measure power to destroy the rocks.
The ocean probably has increased in volume through geo-
logic time, fed by steam exhaled from the under world, and
has thereby gained in power to invade the rain-eroded lands.
This result, however, has been counteracted by a more than
corresponding increase in the volume of the ocean basins.
So it is seen that the energies of the inner earth, by in-
creasing the air and water of the surface, have added to the
CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST. 53
power of the opposing forces and insured the more speedy
ruin of those structures which they build.
Thus the surface of the earth is the battleground of forces
born of the sun and working through the earth's gaseous and
liquid mantles with those other forces born of the earth's
interior which mold the crust with giant power. Geologic
history is the record of this never-ending and ever-shifting
warfare between the powers of light and the powers of dark-
ness. Progress is born of conflict in the human and the
material world as well.
A review of the geologic record carries us back to the
tangled rocks of the Archean and gives knowledge of an
age when the Titans of the inner earth burst their bonds.
Igneous activity seems to have been for a time dominant in
the outer crust of the earth. The older structures were de-
stroyed and worldwide metamorphism of the rocks pre-
vailed. Great masses of older sediments, now profoundly
metamorphosed, show that the Archean rocks do not record
the beginning of the earth, but that an earlier rule of the
external forces was overthrown. The reign of Uranus had
come to an end and Cronus sat upon the throne. For a
period the earth-born Titans held their riotous sway, but
their power wore down, while that of the children of Cronus
increased. The dominance of Poseidon and Zeus, the gods
of the outer world, was established for all time, and that
orderly sequence of the strata was begun which records the
geologic ages.
But the re-imprisoned Titans are seen from age to age to
bend and break and lift their prison roof, seeking to raise
themselves anew in defiance of the lords of sea and rain.
But never, since the world-wide misrule marked by the
Archean rocks, have they mastered the surface of the earth.
The igneous rocks which are poured out are soon buried
or swept away and the mountains which are raised again
toward heaven are fleeting features on the surface of the
ancient earth.
54 CENTRAL CONNECTICUT IN THE GEOLOGIC PAST.
But it is in the midst and because of this eternal conflict
that all life of the land has found existence. The currents
of air and water tend to make equable the climates of the
earth, and as rain the water sustains the life of the lands.
Air and water break down the rocks into soil, the placenta of
the earth. As it becomes impoverished of soluble matters, it
is with equal pace worn away from above and rejuvenated
from the rocks below. The forces of uplift and of igneous
activity widen the land areas and renew their elevations.
The escaping gases enrich the atmosphere with carbonic
oxide and provide the gaseous food of plants. Let the
sun-born forces resign their rule and a speedy death would
sweep over the surface of the world. Let the fettered Titans
cease their striving and in a few short geologic ages the
wasted lands would become invaded by the sea. The ocean
would widen like the air into a universal envelope, and
Poseidon, another child of Cronus, would come to share with
Zeus supreme dominion of the world.
Land life finds existence because of the conflict, and in
its midst, but it is the changing environments resulting from
the shifting vicissitudes of the battle, the alternation of
periods of quiet and of revolution as marked by the ad-
vancing and retreating strand lines and the fall and rise of
mountains that have made for progress, and have stimulated
the evolution of all that higher life which dwells upon the
lands, and of that highest life which has begun to look with
understanding into the depths of space and time.
In the shifting scenes which have been followed are
shown, graphically expressed for one locality, this warfare
whose comprehension is a key to the history of the earth.
.V.
j»s»-m
*. 4f • ^>*ll
\vs- i
IROQUOIS POTTERY AND WAMPUM.
BY THE REV. W. M. BEAUCHAMP, S. T. D.
Of Syracuse, N. Y.
READ BEFORE THE WYOMING HISTORICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
NOVEMBER II, IQIO.
(AUGUSTUS c. LAMING HISTORY FUND.)
The use of clay in making vessels goes back to a remote
antiquity in almost every land. At first merely a useful art,
it soon developed ornamental features, both in form and
embellishment, and has enlisted the highest artistic powers.
The varied and wonderful properties of the common con-
stituents now used, inherent from the beginning but re-
vealed only in later days, are among the proofs of a great
and wise plan in the preparation of the earth for man.
Thousands of things would have been useless without him.
The mere savage was provided for, but so was the higher
culture of modern days.
When I first studied American archeology it seemed to
me that the mere fragments of pottery I picked up might
show the era or the mutual relations of our aborigines in
any given locality. Accordingly this became a leading fea-
ture in my investigations, and the smallest ornamented piece
was an object of interest and of record. The broader field
of our Bureau of Ethnology confirms this view. There are
well defined areas where certain styles prevail, both in form
and ornaments, almost to the exclusion of others, so that
one of experience can often tell at a glance from what
region a potsherd came, and in that region what people
produced it. Often he can assign it to the exact time and
spot, for there were changing tastes and fashions among
our aborigines as well as among us. There was common
ware and there was costly ware. There was personal taste
and personal skill.
We do not have here the pottery of Mexico, of Georgia
56 IROQUOIS POTTERY AND WAMPUM.
and Florida, of the Pueblos, of the Rocky Mountains, of
the lower Mississippi Valley, or that of the Mound Build-
ers anywhere. My friend, Mr. Holmes, distinguished three
great groups in the Mississippi Valley alone. In speaking
of these, he said : "The ware of the north is wholly dis-
tinct, and need never be confounded with the other groups."
In that valley he placed this group from Iowa inclusive,
northward. He said also, and my experience confirms this,
that the pottery of Manitoba, "has decided relationship with
the ware of the eastern and northeastern States." In illus-
trating his paper, a vessel from Wisconsin is like frequent
forms in New York and Pennsylvania. This is in accord
with the prevalent traditions of our local aborigines, that
they came from the northwest. In this northern group
a paste of clay was tempered with shell, sand or granitic
material, and both forms and ornaments were different from
those farther south. Narrow-necked vessels do not occur
here, nor those having^ animal forms. Narrow-necked ves-
sels, often approaching a bottle form, are the rule in the
Middle Mississippi group, where pottery is more abundant
than anywhere else in the United States. Some vessels there
have essentially the teapot form, and incised lines are rarely
used. The ornaments here are of cords, matting, or dis-
tinct stamps, natural or artificial ; and also "incised lines
and implement indentations, arranged in figures peculiar to
the district." Incised lines often, but not always, have a
slight ridge at the edge, and excavations sometimes do
the same. Of course, some of these features are occasional
elsewhere. I have picked up Pueblo pottery with incised
lines, suggesting that of New York, but this style is not
frequent in that ware.
We also have here two great divisions, the Algonquin
and Iroquois, sometimes resembling and often modifying
each other, and these often occur in the same territory.
Within a stone's throw of an old Iroquois town in New
York a camp site may reveal older Algonquin pottery,
IROQUOIS POTTERY AND WAMPUM. 57
and in the environs of greater New York have been found
typical Iroquois vessels. Reasons for this are evident. In
their most prosperous days the Iroquois war parties ranged
from Hudson's Bay to South Carolina, from Maine to
the Mississippi, but they were often invaded in turn. There
were times of peace when hunting parties, visitors or trad-
ers were welcome guests. There were times of war, when
captives made vessels in their masters' homes as they had
been taught in youth. This is most evident in the country
of the powerful Senecas, who adopted captives on so large
a scale. From one of their towns come typical and peculiar
Huron pipes ; from another Algonquin vessels. For seventy
years at least there was almost constant warfare between
the Indians of the Keystone and the Empire State. Such
intercourse, hostile or friendly, did affect home arts. A
division of the Iroquois family lived on the Susquehanna,
accounting for this type there.
In general, Algonquin pottery is less angular than Iro-
qouis and was ornamented more by stamping than by in-
cised lines. One writer has made three types of this. One re-
sembles an inverted cone, slightly pointed at the base. This
is most frequent about New York City. Like some Egypt-
ian vessels, this was suitable for sandy or muddy fields or
shores. It is very rare farther north. Incised lines some-
times ornament this. Then there are vessels with rounded
bases and broad mouths, slightly constricted near the top
and moderately expanded below this. Ornamental patterns
are stamped on the surface and are sometimes continued
within the rim. Other vessels are classed as intermediate
between these and Iroquois forms, having the pattern
stamped, and the rim narrow and turned outward. I have
seen this form from Iroquois villages, and it is quite as
likely to have been Iroquois as Algonquin.
Algonquin pottery is often of coiled ware, where a long
strip of clay is continually coiled and united at the edges,
as in Pueblo pottery. This is rarely the case with Iroquois
58 IROQUOIS POTTERY AND WAMPUM.
pottery, which may have one or several flattened layers.
In either case, when the vessel was completed and dried in
the sun, it was filled with fine fuel, inverted, and a fire
built under and around it. The confined smoke thus black-
ened the inside, while the outside retained a livelier color.
For most purposes a fair quality o'f clay sufficed, but
sometimes special materials were used, giving much better
ware and often receiving a high polish. The same is true
of many clay pipes, on which much labor was spent, secur-
ing a surface as smooth though not as hard as enamel.
The poorer ware sufficed for the poorer Indians ; the wealthy
bought the best.
There is another feature connected with Algonquin ves-
sels. While those near the sea used earthenware, as well
as most of those in New York and Pennsylvania, in Can-
ada the vessels were mostly of bark. In the large group
of hut-rings near Perch Lake, N. Y., which I examined
some years since, I found no pottery at all, though they had
been occupied for many years. Bark vessels had evidently
taken its place. The northern Algonquins were migratory
and bark vessels easy to carry. The birch grew everywhere
and they could be made at any time. Thus they were best
for those who moved often. Mr. F. H. Cushing's surmise
that the angular Iroquois vessel was founded on the evi-
dent angles of one made of birch bark, seems hardly con-
clusive. The Algonquins were the people who should have
adopted this, but who plainly did not. I am glad that Mr.
Parker has called attention to the lack of these angular
bark vessels among the New York Iroquois. I have seen
none myself. In simpler articles of bark there are angles,
of course, but Mr. Cushing's design was probably merely
an imaginary illustration of What he thought might have
been. On the main question, however, we know when most
of the Algonquins used culinary vessels of bark. We know
of no early period when the Iroquois were without such
vessels of clay. They were still made and used at the close
Seneca pot, New York.
Mohawk pot, New York.
Cayuga pot, New York.
5. 6. Partial evolution of conventional human face on pots,
Jefferson County, New York.
IROQUOIS POTTERY AND WAMPUM. 59
of the seventeenth century, and probably much longer,
though the use of brass kettles was then general.
I think there was a period when still another type was
found, though perhaps but an eccentricity; that of the rare
embossed ware, of which you have fine examples. There
was an earlier period still in New York, when potstone
vessels were much used, apparently brought there from
Pennsylvania. They are found along the lakes and rivers
west of the Mohawk valley, but never far from canoe navi-
gation. They had handles and resemble present Eskimo
forms. This was at a time when the Empire State had few
permanent inhabitants, being merely a hunting and fishing
ground. The yellow jasper arrows there may have come
with these vessels.
As is now well known, the Iroquois are comparatively
late comers, and some of our finest and rarest articles pre-
cede their day. Scrapers and drills, bird amulets and stone
tubes, plummets and gorgets, the arrow form and woman's
knife of polished slate, never occur on their town sites,
though all are found in their territory. Such articles are
not less than 500 years old. The range of their own peculiar
articles is clearly determined and also their dates. This
family may be said to be the only northern aboriginal peo-
ple of whose history we have any clear knowledge before
the period of colonization. The Mohawks entered their
valley less than 350 years ago.
I have spoken of the leading features of Algonquin pot-
tery. The Iroquois also sparingly used stamps in decora-
tion, but more commonly incised lines or excavations. On
rims the effect of pressure is often seen. The projecting
rim is often extended from one-fourth to one-third of the
depth, and is highly ornamented. The lower edge of this is
commonly marked by notches or elliptic indentations, but
there is rarely any ornamentation below it. Often the rim
is ornamented above and within. Small circles sometimes
appear on early pottery of this family, the upper edge of the
6O IROQUOIS POTTERY AND WAMPUM.
rim is often carried up into several points, and the form is
both bold and elegant. Some early examples in Jefferson
county and the Mohawk valley are quite remarkable in this
way. In the former the clay was often mixed with yellow
mica, the glitter of which has a pleasing effect.
About the middle of the sixteenth century the Iroquois of
that county used circular indentations, which were soon
arranged in groups of three at the angles, to represent the
human eyes and mouth. These soon took an elliptic form
as a better representation ; then they were enclosed by lines
in a diamond form; then in a pentagon; then a horizontal
line indicated the nostrils, and then side lines the nose.
After long search I found two with the human face, as in
the Onondaga towns a little later. Human faces and bodies,
however, seem mostly confined to Mohawk, Onondaga and
Seneca sites, the towns of the three Elder Brothers. They
have not yet been found on Oneida and Cayuga village sites.
The bodies and limbs were made in strips, and laid on the
surface, just as good cooks used to ornament pie crust, and
with similar lines across. This peculiar feature appears on
early sites in Jefferson county, but without faces, and this
sometimes occurs in Onondaga towns. The face is also
made separately and luted on. Thus it is often found de-
tached; perhaps as often as in place, and Onondaga exam-
ples suggest portraits. Mohawk examples are more com-
monplace, though one of these has the only unsymmetrical
arrangement of the limbs which I have seen. The highest
development of this style was in Onondaga, but was there
confined to two or three towns. Sometimes there is only a
face; then a conventional body or limbs may be added, as
mentioned before. Mohawk examples may show hands,
and more rarely feet. Seneca examples are ruder and
sometimes grotesque. Among these three nations this orna-
ment was popular from about 1580 to 1620, or a little less,
but the influx of brass kettles soon ended this promising
style, and indeed affected the whole art. Yet those Iroquois
IROQUOIS POTTERY AND WAMPUM. 6 1
who could not afford brass continued to make pottery as late
as 1700, though this was rude. In fact the rudeness of
some earlier pottery is very remarkable, and the elaborate
and lavish decoration of other examples is more remarkable
still. Some vessels were mere make-shifts; others showed
great taste and skill.
One large and handsome fragment of a large pot-rim in
the local collection of this Society, has a series of small
bosses in a line with and below the rim. These were formed
by the pressure of an instrument within the vessel, thus
raising the outer surface in a circular projection or boss. It
is the finest example of this rare ornament which I have
seen. I have found but a few fragments, and these only on
an island in Chaumont Bay, N. Y., far to the north and
with none between. One example of this from Staten
Island had rude faces on the bosses. The vessel itself is
classed as Algonquin, but suggests Iroquois influence. Noth-
ing of the kind has come from an Iroquois town site.
Perfect Iroquois pottery is now rarer than Algonquin.
The finest example of which I know, and perhaps the best
in existence, was found a few years ago in Jefferson county,
being elegant in form and ornament, and perfect in preser-
vation. It is of the typical angular form above, with the
usual projection and rounded base. Many are somewhat
irregular and rude. Frequently the mouth is elongated, and
sometimes the vessel is almost of a pitcher form.
Algonquin vessels, as a rule, are larger than Iroquois,
often holding several gallons. Handles are sometimes
found, but I do not recall this as an Iroquois feature. One
fine and probably intrusive example, is from the Seneca
river. The Iroquois pottery of Jefferson county and of the
Mohawk valley is of a bolder type than that made by Onon-
dagas.
The early Iroquois had few shell beads, and those were
either a coarse spiral form, made of the columella of a sea-
shell, or else were small disk beads, about the size of a shirt
62 IROQUOIS POTTERY AND WAMPUM.
button or somewhat larger. Yet before 1650 they were
using the cylindric wampum in almost incredible quantities,
as ornaments, as money, and in diplomatic affairs. In the
latter case it seems probable that it replaced some ruder or
less durable material. Thus Loskiel said the Indians pre-
viously used small and colored cylinders of wood, easily
strung or woven in patterns. It is easy to concede this. I
am inclined also to think they made belts with designs em-
broidered with porcupine quills, similar to some in the col-
lections of this Society. When the durable shell beads
became available in sufficient quantities, there was simply
a change of material. A wampum belt often contains over
10,000 beads, and if these could have been made with primi-
tive tools — an utter impossibility — a man might work for
many years in producing enough for a single belt. Metallic
tools changed all this, but it is still easy to see the difference
between the earlier and later specimens of colonial wam-
pum. The former is often angular and coarsely drilled
from both ends. It is npw very rare. The latter is always
nicely drilled and usually a true cylinder. When used as
colonial money there were laws regulating its value, and
forbidding the circulation of an inferior article. It was
legal tender for nearly a century, and current money much
longer. The black wampum was the standard.
There came an early distinction between the white and
the black or purple wampum, the white being but half the
value of the other. The white could be made of many
shells, and that with comparative ease. The purple was
formed only of the dark parts of the hard clam, and only
from those of large size. In later days small rectangular
pieces were cut from these, drilled, strung on wire, and then
ground into cylinders on a grindstone. For ornaments or
money they might vary in length; for belts they must be
uniform. I have seen belts made of glass beads, but these
are rare and were of little value. For belts the wampum
should be a quarter of an inch long and half as thick, a
T. Five Nations belt, greatly reduced.
2. Five Nations belt, two diamonds lacking.
3. Ordinary belt for any purpose.
4. Part of peace belt.
5. Call for religious council, with tally-stick.
6. Chief's name, reduced to half length.
7. Call for principal chief's condolence.
8. Call for war chief's condolence.
9. 10. Condolence ceremonial wampum.
11. Strung wampum for any business.
12. White wampum for religious council.
IROQUOIS POTTERY AND WAMPUM. 63
perfect cylinder in form. The largest belt I have seen was
fifty beads wide, placed end to end, while the largest re-
corded in colonial days was thirty-nine beads wide.
The word wampum signifies white, and thus properly
belongs only to the white shell beads, which were probably
the first made, all being of this color before metallic tools
were used. It is an Algonquin word, and Roger Williams
said that of periwinkles 'they make their wompam or white
money, of halfe the value of their Suckauhock, or blacke,
money." The Dutch knew both as Sewant, and the manu-
facture soon became a great industry. The bays of Long
Island, especially at the eastern end, became important in
this way, but much wampum was made in New Jersey.
The amount made and used is almost incredible. Rich
merchants were said to have boxes of it, and any important
council would require not less than 100,000 beads. Of
course this quantity was not always available at the time,
and so beaver skins of a certain wampum value might be
used, or emblemtic sticks were employed, to be replaced by
belts or strings later. The larger the belt the more im-
portant the business. If of black wampum the affair was
serious.
In the colonies the value of wampum was strictly defined
by law. It must be strung for most purposes, and might be
reckoned by the bead or fathom. In 1648 Massachusetts
ordered that wampum should be legal tender up to forty
shillings, if good; white being eight for a penny and black
four. That is, one might be obliged to receive 4,000 white
or 2,000 black beads in any business transaction. In 1658
a coarse wheat loaf of eight pounds was priced in New
York at a little over 100 white wampum beads, and a white
loaf of two pounds at about sixty, and half as much in
black wampum. Values often changed. A fathom string in
New England was worth about $1.25, but in New York
reached $1.66.
64 IROQUOIS POTTERY AND WAMPUM.
Some idea of the vast quantities made and used may be
had from the indemnity required of the Narragansetts in
1645, which the commissioners thought very moderate. They
wanted 2,000 fathoms of white wampum for themselves,
or about 576,000 beads, and a proportionate amount for
Uncas. It took five years to pay it, but one woman could
have made this amount in that time, at the rate women
made beads in 1844. A day's work then included five to
ten feet of strung beads. Two centuries earlier it would
have been much less.
As all wampum was made on the seashore, or in places
like Albany and Philadelphia, where the rude material
could easily be carried, all Indians at a distance from the
sea had to depend on outside sources for their supplies.
Much came in the way of trade; a good deal as the result
of councils ; but the Iroquois also received some as tribute,
sending out their collectors as regularly as our tax collectors
appear now.
There is one interesting use of wampum for blood atone-
ment, which the Iroquois usually preferred to punishment
by death. Killing one man, they said, would not bring
another to life. If the friends were paid for the injury
done, there was some sense in that. They added to this a
singular feature. Women are at the head of affairs among
the Iroquois, the sources of power. They name the chiefs,
rule the house, determine the clan and nation of the chil-
dren. They are hers, not her husband's. So a woman's
life requires double the atonement that is paid for a man's.
The Onondagas now call wampum ote-ko -a; a wampum,
belt ote-ko-a-ka-swen-tah, and a wampum string ote-ko-a
ka-nah -sah. In early days they could not pronounce the
word wampum. They have a tradition that the wise Hi-a-
wat'ha saw a small pond dried up by the sudden flight of
a great flock of ducks, leaving the bottom covered with white
shells. He gathered and strung some of these and taught
their ceremonial use to the Indians. Another story is that
IROQUOIS POTTERY AND WAMPUM. 65
he called down the mystic wampum bird from the sky,
took some of his quills and strung them for council use.
In any case he originated this use of beads.
The famous Onondaga belts are now safely preserved in
Albany and Washington, and some of them are remarkable
examples. Some have been ascribed to Hiawatha's day, and
the Indian interpretation of these is amusing in their quaint
speech. All have repeatedly passed through my hands, and
none of them are old. In fact, unless that great and wise
chief lived after 1610, he never saw a wampum belt. Still,
I am inclined to think, from the quickness with which they
multiplied, and the extent to which the early Onondagas
used them in treating with the Hurons, that something of
the same nature preceded them. The early Indians were
experts in picture work, and emblems might have been
wrought on a suitable foundation, either with porcupine
quills or moose hair. In fact the story of stringing quils
of the wampum bird suggests something of the kind. For
this reason I have looked with great interest on a belt of
porcupine quills in your collection. It is not old, but it
may represent a style of belt older than those of wampum.
The porcupine may have been the real wampum bird, whose
precious quills flew off every time it was struck. This Iro-
quois story may have originated in a familiar fact. Be that
as it may, the Onondagas seem to have been the first who
gave diplomatic value to the wampum belt and string, and
as keepers of the great council fire they long preserved the
finest examples ever made of the former. I was amazed
when the old chief took them out of their old bark bag.
The use of belts and strings is a subject of great interest,
and would require much time to describe. It was of high
importance, but for anything like the full treatment I must
refer you to my New York State Museum bulletin on this
subject. A few features I will mention now, for I have
handled many belts and seen wampum used in Indian cere-
monies.
66 IROQUOIS POTTERY AND WAMPUM.
Strings were often used in councils, and a messenger was
never formally received unless he brought a string or belt.
These were his credentials. At present, if a religious coun-
cil is to be called, the messenger takes a string of white
wampum emblematic of peace or purity. To this is attached
a small tally stick, the notches showing the number of days
before the council. One notch is cut away each day, the
remainder showing the shortened time. The invited guest
returns the wampum when he comes, saying: "Here is my
invitation, here I am." When the religious council opens,
each day the preacher takes his place at 10 a. m. His assist-
ant unfolds and holds a bunch of ten long strings of white
wampum. The speaker recites the story of Handsome
Lake's revelation till noon, and then the wampum is folded
up and the day's teaching is over. The Great Spirit would
rest and must not be disturbed in the afternoon.
If a mourning council, or condolence, is called, wampum
is sent out and returned in the same way, with two differ-
ences. Purple wampum ^is used, as the matter is of a grave
character. Instead of a single string hanging freely, the
ends of a string of purple beads are brought together, mak-
ing a loop, if a war-chief is mourned or raised. If the call
is to install a principal chief, three strings are tied together
at one end, hanging freely at the other. At the gathering in
the council house seven bunches of purple wampum are
carried by the visiting brothers to the mourners, and are
returned with much ceremony. Official strings are given to
the new chiefs when the charge is made to them. Beside
which I have strings containing a chief's name, memorial
strings for Indian friends I have lost, national strings, and
those used merely for ornaments.
In belts emblems were largely employed. Color was sig-
nificant. A peace belt was usually white, but often had a
dark pattern. A belt of great and serious importance would
be of dark beads, often with a pattern in white. A war belt
IROQUOIS POTTERY AND WAMPUM. 67
would be painted red, in part at least. Often it would have
a hatchet attached.
By folding the belts two messages might be given, one-
half answering for each. In fact the way in which the
speaker used it was often as significant as the belt itself.
A rejected belt was sometimes left on the ground, or kicked
around the room. It was disgraceful, however, to retain a
belt, and yet not grant the request.
A square or diamond represented a village, and I have
often seen the Five Nations on belts in this way. A con-
necting line would show an alliance, or a white line the path
of peace. In a fragment of a peace belt I have, the white
line is bounded by two dark ones, but the persons or towns
connected are lost. One famous belt has a heart in the
center of some connected towns, as though they had but
one heart between them. A Washington treaty belt has
two Indians beside the fire in the council house, joining
hands with thirteen men outside, representing the original
United States. The noted Penn treaty belt has two men
clasping hands, and I have satisfactorily read some others
whose history was obscure. The difficulty is not so much
in the reading as in the parties. There is a treaty or alli-
ance, but who are concerned is not so clear. Sometimes
letters and dates help. One belt in the National Museum
has Governor Simcoe's initials. Another I sometimes see
has the date of 1800 and the initials of William Claus,
Indian superintendent in Canada. The Jesuit missionaries
sometimes had their Canadian converts adorn belts with
words and some of these are yet preserved.
They were often taken apart after a council and made
into other belts, but some were kept for many years. In
the winter months these were taken out by the old men or
the official keeper, and explained to those who were younger,
and thus many facts were preserved.
Sometimes white men made belts, but Indian women
were usually employed. A white man might use twine for
68 IROQUOIS POTTERY AND WAMPUM.
the strips, and common thread to string the beads, and
would make an inferior article. An Indian would take long
strips of buckskin, stretch them side by side, and string the
beads across and between them in any desired pattern, and
with the tough Indian thread. Their work stood the test of
time and hard usage. The loose ends of the buckskin thongs
were sometimes braided in some neat pattern.
Except as preserved in belts, wampum is now almost a
thing of the past. Sometimes it comes to light in an Indian
grave or on an early village site, but a bead left on or near
the surface soon goes to pieces. On the New York reserva-
tions there is scarcely enough to carry on a council of im-
portance. A bead or two goes with a message where an
ample string was formerly sent. I was fortunate, indeed,
in getting a lot well arranged for council use, and other
purposes. The old Oneida wampum keeper gave me much
information, and sometimes a little wampum for personal
use. I cherish that which I received as memorials of him
and his wife.
To sum up, I may say that there was no true council
wampum or belts before the Dutch came to New York ; that
its manufacture and use had a wonderful expansion for
about two centuries ; and that it will soon be found only in
a few museums, and then only as a curious relic of the past.
It has figured largely in our early history, but has had
its day with other things. Once the principal currency of
all the colonies, millions of our people now have never
seen it.
ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING.
NUMBER TWO.
BY REV. HORACE EDWIN HAYDEN, M. A.
Corresponding Secretary and Librarian.
READ BEFORE THE WYOMING HISTORICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, FEB. II, igll.
In the Proceedings and Collections of this Society, Vol-
ume VII, pp. 78-105, the Editor published under the above
caption, three original manuscripts relating to the survivors
of the Wyoming Massacre, viz., the "Pass of William
Searle" and others of July 14, 1778; Daniel Washburn's
"Account of the Massacre of Wyoming", and Elisha Hard-
ing's "Narrative of the Massacre and of the Pennamite
War".
It is with much pleasure that the Editor is able to present
to the Society to-night official copies of the applications for
pension of Joseph Elliott, William Hibbard, and David
Marvin, all participators in, and survivors of the massacre.
Also the application of Mrs. Phebe Haight Butler, widow of
Colonel Zebulon Butler, for a widow's pension, which was
granted to her shortly before her death.
It will be noticed that each of the applications here pub-
lished record certain facts heretofore unknown to the his-
torian. Mrs. Phebe Haight Butler in her application makes
definite the time of her marriage to Colonel Butler as No-
vember i, 1781, until now placed by all writers at 1783.
Joseph Elliott's application merely refers to his Wyoming
experience, that having been covered by his first application,
for which he was at the time receiving a pension on account
of his wound in that action. But he here records a most
interesting narrative of his military service prior to July 3,
1778, and after that period.
William Hibbard's application gives a somewhat detailed
account of the Massacre of Wyoming, but naturally repeats
7O ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING.
the tradition of Colonel John Butler's demand, "The
Hatchet," in his reply to Colonel Denison, a tradition which
all historians, Gordon, Ramsay, Botta and Marshall, ac-
cepted until it was disposed of by Charles Miner.
David Marvin's application reveals four persons who
were engaged in the action of July 3, 1778, whose names do
not appear on the Wyoming Monument, viz. :
DAVID MARVIN,
JAMES ROBERTS,
ASAHEL NORTH,
DANIEL OWEN.
Of David Marvin, see his application for his record.
Of James Roberts, see Proceedings of this Society, Vol.
V, 213, 224 and 231. He was a taxable in Plymouth, 1776,
1777, 1778.
Asahel North was not a taxable 1777-1778, but he was a
private in Captain Ransom's company, 1776, and in Captain
Spalding's company, Jahuary i, 1777-January I, 1789. He
was also in the detachment of October, 1778, as will be seen
in Harvey's History of Wilkes-Barre, p. 1096.
Daniel Owen was a taxable in Plymouth, 1777 and 1778,
but does not appear in any roster of Wyoming soldiers.
There may be others whose names were lost who partici-
pated in the action of July 3, 1778.
If one may judge by the full literature already published
in prose and poetry of the Massacre of Wyoming, it would
appear that there could be no new data or light to be thrown
on the subject. But the archives of the United States pre-
served in the departments at Washington are ever turning
up forgotten memories of that historic event.
The United States Pension Bureau, with its almost mil-
lions of applications for pensions, covering the various wars
since the organization of the government, contains most in-
teresting papers, individual histories of actors in military
and naval services, which while perhaps merely incidental
ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING. 71
shed a new lustre on the names of those who fought, were
wounded, or died in defense of American liberties.
Early in the War of the Revolution, September, 1776,
Congress promised land for military services to all officers
of the Continental line. In October, 1780, Congress con-
tracted to give half pay for life to all officers of the Con-
tinental line who should serve to the end of the War.
The first Act providing pensions for officers and privates
who were disabled was passed August, 1790. But not until
March, 1818, was any general law enacted pensioning pri-
vates, as well as officers, who should serve nine months or
more if residents of the United States at the time.
By May i, 1820, the number of applications for this pen-
sion was fully 8,000, and Congress being alarmed at the
rapid growth of the list passed another law that after March
4, 1820, every applicant should be required to exhibit a
schedule of his entire estate and income and those who could
not show that they really needed the assistance of the coun-
try for support were simply dropped from the rolls.
One of the results of this Act is here given :
"Michael House, August I, 1820, aged seventy years, de-
clares that he served in the Revolutionary War as follows :
First in Captain John Nelson's Rifle company, enlisted
February, 1776, and was discharged in May, 1777, under
Captain Jacob Weaver, Tenth Pennsylvania Regiment —
Colonel Hampton [Humpton] First Brigade, General
Wayne, and was discharged at Trenton, February, 1781.
"Declaration made in Washington county, Maryland."
"Schedule of property.
"One ten plate stove, one table, some old kitchen furni-
ture; that he has a wife aged seventy years — a daughter
Polly, twenty-six or twenty-seven — Is by occupation a shoe-
maker."
"State of Maryland, Washington county.
"Appeared Michael House of said county and made oath
on the Holy Evangely of Almighty God, that he enlisted in
the year 1775 or 1776, in the company commanded by Cap-
tain Nelson in the regiment commanded by Colonel Dehorse
[De Haas] belonging to Pennsylvania; that he served for
72 ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING.
about fifteen months and was discharged at Philadelphia;
that some time after his discharge he enlisted in Captain
Jacob Weaver's company, Tenth Penn'a Regiment, com-
manded by Colonel Hampton, and that he served in said
company and regiment between three and four years and
was discharged at Trenton, State of Maryland, Washington
county."
"On the 1 5th day of September 1818, personally appear
Michael House, an old Revolutionary soldier, before me, a
justice of the peace for the county aforesaid, and made oath
that he is in reduced circumstances and stands in need of the
assistance of his country for support.
"Sworn before
"J. Schnebly."
He received a pension at eight dollars per month, com-
mencing March 27, 1818.
[Penn'a Archives, 2d S., X, 701, 715, 731, also 62, 675.
Michael House enlisted February 6, 1776.]
The result of this last law was not beneficial. It lead to
dishonesty. It was discovered that men would squander
their little means in order to be ready to claim the aid of the
Government. Hence March, 1823, Congress restored all
those who had been dropped and removed the disqualifying
conditions but dated the pension from March, 1823.
In June, 1832, Congress approved the Act which granted
pensions to all soldiers from private to Commissioned
Officer, in Continental, State, volunteer, or militia service,
who served not less than six months.
"To those who served for a time less than six months
nothing was given, though for four or five months they may
have been in the most meritorious service and in the fiercest
engagements."
The list of "Rejected Applications for Pension," under
the Acts of 1832, 1836 and 1838, ordered printed by Con-
gress, February 16, 1852, fills an octavo volume of 450
pages. Almost all these rejections are based on the state-
ment "Did not serve six months". (Proceedings of this So-
ciety, X, 216-217.)
ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING. 73
It was the custom some years ago for the Pension Bureau
to allow the Revolutionary applications on file to be copied
for those who could prove themselves entitled to such data
and the copies were always made by an old employee of the
Bureau whose time permitted this recreation. But after his
death, the Bureau, having no funds to employ a clerk for
the purpose, declined all applications for copies? At this
time any authenticated person is permitted, on application,
to make copies of such documents personally but under the
direct supervision of the head of the department. It was
thus that the Librarian of this Society secured copies of the
five applications given in the following pages.
Those of Mrs. Phebe Haight Butler, Jessie Elliott, Will-
iam Hibbard and David Marvin were the only papers among
many shown to me which gave any new data about the par-
ticipators in the Wyoming battle of 1778. The application
of Mrs. Benjamin Smith has no connection with the Wyo-
ming section beyond the residence of her husband and her-
self here. The applications of Abraham Pyke, John Gary,
Elisha Blackman, James Gunsalas, Job Phillips, Benjamin
Bidlack, were merely formal statements of service. That
of Mrs. Nathan Beach records her birth at Cloveric, N. Y.,
July 1 6, 1773, and marriage as Margaret Fryburg to Nathan
Beach, September 5, 1835. *James Gunsalas records his
birth at Albany, December 25, 1757, removal to Knowlton,
N. J. Volunteering in N. J. troops for six months, August,
1776, Captain Kirkendall's company, and discharged June,
1777, later in Captain George Ribball's company for three
months and discharged June, 1778.
All the following applications for pension are given here
verbatim, punctuatim et liberatim.
74 ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING.
JOSEPH ELLIOTT,
who was captured by the Indians at Wyoming, July 3, 1778,
and who with Lebbeus Hammond escaped from the "Bloody
Rock" where Queen Esther massacred fourteen or more of
her captives, was born at Stonington, Connecticut, October
10, 1755, and died "universally respected" at Merryall,
Bradford county, Pennsylvania, March 29, 1849.
An interesting sketch of him will be found in O. J. Har-
vey's "History of Wilkes-Barre", pp. 1019-1020, and also
in Miner's "History of Wyoming", Appendix, pp. 53-54.
He applied for a pension under the Act of the United
States Congress, March 3, 1809, filed his application re-
counting his services in the Massacre of Wyoming, where
he was wounded, but omitting his further revolutionary
services. He was granted a pension of forty dollars per
annum beginning April 21, 1808.
On the twenty-fourth of August, 1814, the British army,
under General Robert Ross, captured the city of Washing-
ton, burned the Capitol building, and the President's house
with all the costly buildings occupied by the United States
Government, and thus destroyed many of the valuable docu-
ments and papers until then preserved in the War Depart-
ment.
Among these papers were many applications for pension,
Joseph Elliott's included. As no copy of this document
exists, its contents are not known. Elliott subsequently
applied for a larger pension under the Act of Congress of
April 24, 1816, and was allowed an increase from forty dol-
lars annually to sixty dollars annually, beginning with that
date and based on the following declaration. His record in
the United States Pension Rolls of 1835, Bradford county,
Pennsylvania, is thus given:
"Joseph Elliott, private soldier Revolutionary Army,
placed on the pension rolls April 20, 1808; under law of
March 3, 1809, at $40 per annum. Increased April 24,
1816, under law of that date to $60; (U. S. Pension Rolls,
1834, Vol. II, Pennsylvania Pensions, page 7.)
ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING. 75
Elliott was a citizen of Goshen Precinct, Orange county,
New York, in 1775, and signed the Association test there
June 15, 1775. James Drake and Daniel Denton were also
residents there, but were exempt on account of age. (New
York Calendar Papers. Revolutionary Vol. I, pp. 211-212).
Captain Daniel Denton was commissioned Captain Third
New York Regiment June 29, 1775; again April 12, 1776,
under Colonel Rudolphus Ritzema. Rudolph Ritzema was
appointed Lieutenant Colonel First New York Regiment
June, 1775, and Colonel, November, 1776. He subsequently
joined the British. But while there is no complete roll of
Ritzema's regiment, the records show that he served during
1776 and 1777. The Muster Roll of Daniel Denton's com-
pany in the Third New York Regiment, July 22, 1775, is
printed in "New York in the Revolution", Vol. I, pp. 166-
167, but Joseph Elliott's name does not appear in it.
The Muster Roll of Captain Daniel Denton's, Goshen,
company, with Balthazer DeHart, Lieutenant, is printed in
"New York in the Revolution", Vol. I, pp. 166-167, as it
stood July 22, 1775, but neither the name of Joseph Elliott
or James Drake occur in it. Elliott may have been mus-
tered in at a later date.
JOSEPH ELLIOTT.
Pension application, S. No. 8,409, 1846.
State of Pennsylvania — County of Bradford
On this Eighteenth day of July eighteen hundred and
forty-six personally appeared before the Subscriber an
Associate Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in and for
said county Joseph Elliott a resident of Wyalusing town-
ship in the County of Bradford & State of Pennsylvania
aged Ninety years the loth of next October who being first
duly sworn according to law doth on his oath make the fol-
lowing declaration in order to obtain the benefit of the Act
of Congress passed June 7 eighteen hundred thirty-two
That he entered the service of the United States under the
following named officers and served as herein stated —
76 ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING.
That his first period of Service was in Seventeen hundred
and seventy five He enlisted as a volunteer in April in
Captain Daniel Denton's Company under Lieutenant Col-
onel Wynkoop; not certain that the regiment was com-
manded by Colonel Livingston or Colonel Herrick The
Command was so frequently Changed. The name of the
ensign of the Company was [Balthazar] Dehart — that he
enlisted this time at Chester Orange County State of New
York — for 9 month That the Company mustered about
the first of April. That he went first to Albany by water —
then Marched to Stillwater, fought and after this we made
no more halt until we got to Sceensboro, now Whitehall,
Stopped there for a part of the day — then we went by water
on Lake Champlain to Ticonderoga — then by water to
Crown Point, from thence we crossed over the Lake and
Marched by land down to St. John. We laid seige to St.
John 6 weeks & 4 days before it surrendered — that he re-
mained at St. John & got back to Crown Point sometime in
October. Cannot tell how long he remained at Crown
Point but returned by the Lake to Skeensboro, from thence
to Fort Ann, Stillwater to Albany, where he arrived in De-
cember— he remained about two weeks & was there dis-
charged— the next day or the day after he started on the
river for home & arrived at Newburgh on Christmas night.
That at the time of the surrender of St. John's General
Montgomery had the Command. We left him there when
we started for Crown Point. Is pretty confident General
Montgomery left St. John for Montreal before they left
Crown Point.
That his next tour of service was in Seventeen hundred
and seventy six. He enlisted as a substitute for his brother
John Elliott, who was taken sick & was Sick all Summer —
He enlisted in April under Captain Daniel Denton in Col-
onel Ritzemas (we pronounced it Richmore or Litchmore)
regiment. Enlisted for 9 months we mustered at Goshen;
That orders was received from Lord Sterling for us to
March to New York, That we arrived at New York about
ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE. OF WYOMING. 77
the 1 5th or 2Oth of April. Lord Sterling's Brigade was
there and the City was full of soldiers. That shortly after
he was detached with others to go up and build fortifica-
tions at King's Bridge — General Isreal Putman had Com-
mand of this attachment — we built the fort and named it
Fort Putman — That he was at King's Bridge when the
Declaration of Independence was made — That we returned
again to New York a day or two before the battle of Long
Island. That the British came into the City on all sides —
We left the City marched to the fortifications at King's
Bridge — The British pursued us to Harlem — Then we
fought them and drove them back. We laid a week or ten
days at Fort Putman, then we Marched to White Plains
and arrived there about the time Lord Howe landed his
men at New Rochelle. The battle commenced about forty-
eight hours after we got to White Plains — That he was
selected as one of Picket guard — which composed a regi-
ment— we were ordered to lie behind a stone wall until
ordered to fire — That when we raised and fired the British
were in the road not more than twenty feet off — then we
ran up the hill where the men and cannon were
The main body of the Army and Artillery was drawn up
in front of the Court House. The British commenced re-
treating immediately after the fire was made on them from
behind the Wall. We laid here about two days — then we
marched to Peekskill and Fort Lee — then through the State
of New Jersey to Trenton. General Lee was taken pris-
oner on our way to Trenton. He staid back with his life
guard; it was said he was with the Camp ladies. He was
about four miles in the rear We marched all the fore part
of the night of Christmas day; arrived at Trenton near
midnight and went immediately to the house where the
Hessians were gathered — they were fiddling and dancing.
Colonel Ritzema was on my right and Captain Denton on
the right of him when we went to the house. Colonel Rit-
zema said to me "I will hail them, it looks too inhuman to
fire on them without hailing them — " We Captured the
78 ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING.
Hessians — That in this Expedition he was appointed Ser-
jeant, the regular Serjeant being sick — his sword was
broken in this attack. That Colonel Ritzema ordered me to
search the house — he gave me one of his pistols and a cart-
ridge box, a negro piloted me & I took a Hessian Lieutenant
who gave me his sword. About break of day we heard the
firing of the Army at Princeton. A few of us who were
detained to watch crossed the Delaware the day after where
the Hessians had been taken — General Washington and his
staff crossed before us — That an order being made to sur-
render property taken from the Hessians I surrendered
the Sword I took to General Washington but as I had
broken my sword, General Washington sent for a sword
and give it to me, my period of enlistment expired the 25th
December. Some of the Company were discharged about
that time and went home, but some of the Company among
whom was myself remained with Captain Denton to take
care of the prisoners until the Army was augmented — re-
mained about three weeks. I heard with my own ears
General Washington tell Captain Denton if he would re-
main with some of his Company to help take care of the
prisoners that Captain Denton should draw provisions for
them, march them home and then discharge them. We
remained about two week on the ground and was about a
week getting home. I was discharged about the 2Oth Jan-
uary 1777.
My discharge was in my own name signed by Captain
Daniel Denton and stated I served 9 months and I received
pay for 9 months. The enlistment of my brother was in
March but we did not muster until April. I can not recol-
lect the month of enlistment with certainty, but do know we
mustered both times in April about the first of the month.
His discharge was burnt at Wyoming.
That in April 1777 he removed from Orange County to
the Wyoming Valley in the State of Pennsylvania — That
he was in the battle of Wyoming fought on the 3rd of July
ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING. 79
1778, and was wounded in that battle — That he continued
to serve in the border warfare with the Indians, as volun-
teer, and scouting until after peace was declared — But for
his services during all this period he refers to the proof in
the case of his application for an invalid Pension. That he
has no documentary evidence of his services in 1775 and
1776 except James Drake who lives in Wysox in this
County. That he, this deponent — believes himself to be the
last survivor of the massacre of Wyoming — That he did not
know that he could be or was entitle to a pension in addi-
tion to the invalid pension he now receives until recently.
That his name is not on the pension roll of the Agency of
any State nor any pension roll excepting the invalid pension
which he receives from the United States Excepting which
and the present he hereby relinquishes every claim whatever
to a pension or an annuity.
JOSEPH ELLIOTT.
Sworn to and Subscribed the i8th day of July 1846 be-
fore me, HARRY MORGAN Associate Judge
I Harry Morgan Associate Judge of the Court of Common
Pleas in and for Bradford County aforesaid do hereby Cer-
tify that I have been personally acquainted with Joseph
Elliott the above Affiant since the year Eighteen hundred
and intimately That I have no doubt of the truth of this
statement made by him in the foregoing declaration that he
has ever been reputed to be a Revolutionary Soldier and no
doubt has ever existed in this section that he is one of the
survivors of the Battle of Wyoming — That he is a man who
has always sustained purity of character for integrity and
has ever had the confidence and respect of all who knew
him. I further certify that from age and bodily infirmity
he is unable to attend Court and that it would be hazarous
for him to attempt it.
I have therefore administered the foregoing to him July
HARRY MORGAN Associate Judge
80 ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING.
State of Pennsylvania County of Bradford I Addison Mc-
Kean Prothonotary of the Court of Common Pleas in and
for the said County do certify that Harry Morgan before
whom the foregoing declaration of Joseph Elliott was made
is an Associate Judge of said County duly Commissioned
and qualified and further that I well acquainted with his
Signature and do certify that the signature to the fore-
going declaration and Certificate purporting to be his is
genuine.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and
affixed the seal of said Court this twentieth day of July,
1846. ADDISON MCKEAN,
Prothonotary.
State of Pennsylvania Bradford County, SS Before me
Jared D Goodenough a Justice of the Peace in and for said
County personally appeared James Drake a resident of
Wysox in said County aged 91 years the first day of Next
October who being Sworn according to law doth on his Oath
depose and say that he enlisted at Chester Orange County
State of New York in March Seventeen hundred & Seventy-
six under Captain Daniel Denton, Colonel Ritzeama Regi-
ment for the Campaign. That he marched to New York
City, was in the battle of White Plains and battle of Tren-
ton, at the taking of the Hessians, that he remembers Joseph
Elliott that he enlisted at the same time that he this depo-
nent did in Captain Daniel Denton's Company and served
with him in said Company, That said Joseph Elliott now
lives Wyalusing, Bradford County, Pennsylvania.
That he this deponent receives a pension from the United
State of four-four and ten one-hundredths dollars That he
this deponent was discharged on the first day of January
1777. That he did not know Joseph Elliott until he saw him
in the Army or Company that he recollects him very well.
JAMES DRAKE,
Sworn and subscribed this i6th day of July 1846 before me
J. D. GOODENOUGH,
Justice of the Peace.
ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING. 8 1
Wilkes-Barre, Pa. June i, 1822.
Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Secretary of War
Sir Enclosed you will receive the affidavit of Joseph
Elliott in relation to his pension — When in Washington I
ascertained at the Pension Office that he was regularly upon
the list of Invalid Pensioners and understood that a certifi-
cate would not be necessary to enable him to draw his pen-
sion. But calling upon the Agent at Philadelphia he de-
clined paying the amount which upon the books appeared
to be due unless his certificate or a copy of it was produced.
If this certificate under these circumstances from the
Pension Office you will confer particular obligation upon a
brave and meritorous soldier by having forwarded it to me
as soon as convenient.
With great respect, etc.
GEO. DENISON.
Luzerne County SS Joseph Elliott of Bradford County
being duly sworn doth depose and say that for a number of
years he has been placed upon the roll of Invalid Pension-
ers and still is upon the same and that he has regularly
drawed his pension until about the 2Oth of October 1819
and that he has never received nor had in his possession a
certificate of so being placed upon the said list and that he
is now unable to draw his pension for the want of such cer-
tificate and for no other reason.
JOSEPH ELLIOTT,
Sworn and subscribed Before me a Judge of the Court
of Common Pleas of said County May 30, 1822.
DAVID SCOTT.
82 ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING.
ENSIGN WILLIAM HIBBARD.
or as sometimes written HEBARD, was the son of Eben-
ezer Hibbard of Hebron, Connecticut, and wife Hannah
Downer, daughter of Ebenezer Downer of Robert, Robert.
Plumb states (page 423) that Ebenezer Hibbard, Sr.,
came to Wyoming in 1769, an old man, with a family of
grown up sons. He doubtless confuses the son Ebenezer,
born 1740 and aged 30 in 1769, with his father, whom Will-
iam Hibbard, in his affidavit, states died at Cape Breton,
Nova Scotia, in 1763. This affidavit states that the father
served in the French and Indian war. It appears from the
roster of Connecticut troops in that war that he enlisted
March 9, 1757, in Captain John Slapp's company, Robert
Durkee Second Lieutenant. In 1758 he was a private in
Colonel Ebenezer Fitch's company, Third Regiment, Con-
necticut troops, enlisting May 10, 1758, and receiving his
discharge November 20, 1758. It is probable that it was he
who was Corporal in Oaptain Hugh Ledlie's company in the
campaign of 1761, and died there, in Nova Scotia, in 1763,
after the capture of Louisburgh.
The records in the Historical Society show that Ebenezer,
William, Moses, and Cyprian Hibbard were all at Wyoming
in 1772. Ebenezer was here as early as May, 1770, and ex-
cepting an absence about July 14, 1771, appears in all of six-
teen lists of settlers here from 1770 to 1773.
William Hibbard was also here as early as May, 1770, and
is recorded in all the lists for 1772. Moses Hibbard was
also here May and June, 1770.
Cyprian Hibbard, "was admitted in ye town of Wilkes-
Barre since ye 24 Sept 1771."
Miner records as here March 2, 1774 (pages 156-7) :
William Hibbard, Surveyor of Highways.
Ebenezer Hibbard, Leather Sealer.
Zipron Hibbard, Key keeper.
ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING. 83
EBENEZER HIBBARD, SENIOR, and his wife Hannah Dow-
ner, of Hebron, Connecticut, had three sons, and probably
more, namely:
1. Ebenezer, born about 1740, whose record will be
found in Plumb's History of Hanover Town-
ship, Pa., page 424.
2. William, born Lebanon, Connecticut, December
12,1750, of whom see below.
3. Cyprian, born 1752, slain in the Massacre of
Wyoming, July 3, 1778. Married 1777 Sarah
Burritt, who after his death married Colonel
Matthias Hollenback. Cyprian and Sarah Bur-
ritt Hollenback had Hannah Downer Hibbard,
born Wyoming, June 8, 1778, died 1867, mar-
ried July 3, 1798, John Alexander, father of
William Alexander an early surveyor in the
Wyoming Valley and an original member of
the Wyoming Historical-Geological Society
(v. Egles Historical Register, Vol. II, 21-22;
also Harvey's History of Wilkes-Barre, 1024).
2. Ensign William Hibbard, born Lebanon, Connecticut,
December 2, 1750, died where he had lived since 1824, at
Hebron, Connecticut, June 4, 1834, his last payment on his
pension being paid to his widow at Hebron to that date,
which the Pension Bureau states was the date of his death.
His parents were living in Lebanon in 1750, but moved to
Staten Island, New York, 1754. As stated in his ap-
plication for pension, William Hibbard was commissioned
Ensign of the company to be raised for the defense of the
town of Westmoreland in 1780. His commission, which
was deposited with the War Department, Washington, as
evidence in his application for pension, was removed from
its case for safe keeping and is preserved in the safe of the
room of the Chief of the old War and Navy Division. It
84 ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE O FWYOMING.
was shown to the writer in 1911 and is signed by Governor
Trumbull and dated June 23, 1780.
Ensign William Hibbard was thrice married. First at
Bolton, Connecticut, August 29, 1771, to Bathsheba Strong
of Bolton, who died at Harris's Ferry, Pennsylvania, after
July 3, 1778 (Bailey's Marriages, IV, 124). He married,
second, December 14, 1781, to Ann Bishop, of Bolton, who
died . (Hibbard Genealogy, Plumb.) He married,
third, July 13, 1817, to Arminda Phelps, widow of Obadiah
Phelps, who died June 10, 1779. She was born, Hebron,
July 12, 1763, and died September 3, 1853. She was a pen-
sioner for the services of her first husband, Obadiah Phelps
(v. Phelps Family of America, page 1742).
Ensign William Hibbard had by first marriage, born
Bolton :
Naomi, b, 1770; Bathsheba, b, 1776; William, b, 1778;
Joseph, b, 1781.
He had also by second marriage :
Cyprian, b, Hebron, 1785; John, b, Hebron, 1789; Wal-
ter, b, Pennsylvania, 1792.
Harvey states that William Hibbard returned to Wyo-
ming and served from August to September, 1778, two
months and five days in the detachment commanded by Col-
onel Butler. Miner (page 178) attributes to William Hib-
bard athletic powers which in his Appendix he credits to
Cyprian. It is not easy to say to which of the two this re-
markable igility and strength belong.
ENSIGN WILLIAM HIBBARD,
Pension Application, S. File 13,400.
State of Connecticut Tolland County
Probate District of Hebron. On this 3rd day of August
1832 personally appeared in open Court Probate Abner
Hendee Judge now sitting WILLIAM HIBBARD of Hebron
aforesaid in the Capitol Probate District of Hebron aged
Eighty one years who being first duly sworn according to law
ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING. 85
doth on his Oath make the following declaration, in order to
obtain the benefit of the Act of Congress passed June 7, 1832
That he entered this service of the United States under
the following named Officers and served as herein stated.
I enlisted as Sargaent, in a Company of Militia Command-
ing by Captain McCharachan, raised in Westmoreland and
place or township so named in the State of Pennsylvania
the said territory (so then called Westmoreland) was set-
tled by people from Connecticut, and Connecticut then
claimed and exercised Jurisdiction over the territory and
was annexed to the County of Litchfield in said State of
Connecticut, and said Westmoreland continued annexed to
said Litchfield County until the Dispute was settled rela-
tively to said territory and was finally Determined by Com-
missioners appointed by the United States at Trenton, New
Jersey.
The Company as I stated was commanded by Captain
McCharachan, he was killed in the Wyoming Battle, the
first duty I was called upon to preform was as a Spy, Col-
onel Dennison of Kingston then in said Westmoreland, now
County of Luzerne in said State of Pennsylvania Com-
manded the Regiment that was raised on said act called
(then) Westmoreland as aforesaid — the settlement then
consisted of Eight Townships, the Inhabitants in which
amounted to four or five thousand, the settlement was called
the Wyoming Settlement on the Susquehanna River.
In the summer of 1777 In the month of June Colonel
Dennison aforesaid ordered three men of which number I
was one, to go up the River toward the Indian settlement
to make discoveries ; Up the Susquehanna lived a numerous
bodies of Tories and half Blood Indians connected with the
six nations who were very bitter in their feeling toward the
United States and particularly against the Wyoming Set-
tlement aforesaid
My orders were from Colonel Dennison to see if the
86 ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING.
Tories had removed and gone off as they had been pre-
viously warned to Depart the Country, or they would be
forcibly removed; Also to make what discoveries we could
up and upon the river; to discover if we could if the Indians
were in the vicinity of the River and generally to obtain all
the Information relative to the Indians we could
I started in June 1777 in Company with two other men
in a Canoe, we were directed to preceed with great caution
and with as much secrecy as possible we paddled the canoe
up the River in the night ; in the day time we concealed the
canoe and made excursions on land, on the Banks of the
river and in its neighborhood in this way we preceeded up
the River as far as Tioga Point, at that time a wilderness, as
was most of country above the Wyoming Settlement. In
our course up the River we Discovered the Tories were
mostly gone off; that log Cabins and houses were uninhab-
ited, we discovered they had gone to the Six Nations and
to the nortorius John Butler, Indian Agent under the Eng-
lish; the Length of time I was engaged as a Spy I cannot
now precisely recollect ; it was at least two months or more.
We traversed the River more than one Hundred miles in
the manner I have stated. We returned back in the course
of the Summer and made a Report to Colonel Dennison,
who was well satisfied as he said with our doings, Both the
men with me at that time are dead, one of them was killed
by the Indians, the service I preformed was more of diffi-
culty and danger
When we made our Report that the Tories had gone off
and the manner of the Indians Colonel Dennison gave
orders that the Company should be on the alert, the Com-
pany was kept out patrolling and scouting in small parties
and we were in constant fear that the Tories, Refugees
Indians would attack us. The settlement to which I be-
longed were in general, (with few exceptions) very patri-
otic; they had raised nearly a Regiment of men for the
ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING. 87
Continental Army and they were then with General Wash-
ington's Army
In the month of July 1778 the Indians and tories under
the aforesaid John Butler came down upon us, they began
their Depredations by Burning our Building taking and kill-
ing our Cattle etc., the said John Butler and his indians etc
rendevoused at Wintermoots house so called which the
owner had fortified under pretense of Defense against the
Indians when in fact he was a Tory Piloted the Enemy and
turned Traitor against the United States
As soon as possible the Inhabitants that were capable to
bear Arms collected by order of Colonel Zebulon Butler who
Commanded a militia under Colonel Dennison rendevoued
at Kingston. John Butler sent the message to Colonel Zeb-
ulon Butler the preport of which was as I understood that if
all the Inhabitants that were friendly to the United States
would immediately quit the settlement and give up all they
had, excepting the clothes they worn he the said John Butler
prevent the indians from Destroying the settlement and mur-
dering the Inhabitants an these were his only terms; these
terms Colonel Zebulon Butler and Colonel Dennison refused
to accept, there was some division what was best to be done,
but it was finally concluded by the Officers to march up the
River and prevent if possible the Indians from coming into
the settlement — in the afternoon of the third of July — (for
I shall never forget the day) we march up the River Sus-
quehanna about five miles from Kingston on the Westside
of the River when we met the Enemy. Under a pretense of
a parley John Butler had so disposed his Indians (as they
proved to be much more numerous than ours forces, or than
we apprehended) so as to surround us. About one hour
before Sunsett the Battle began and at first with an appear-
ance of success as our men fought Bravely, (I was in the
Center) when (unfortunately the left wing in indeavoring
to change their position, to meet a body of Indians who
came out of a swamp nearby and were flanking their wing)
88 ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING.
at that moment a voice was heard commanding a Retreat as
was supposed by many in that division to preceed from the
Commanding Officer (but it was a voice from some Tories)
that Division broke and run ; this was our ruin and we were
soon in great confusion; (I was in the center) in conse-
quence of the flight of the left wing we were immediately
surrounded by the Indians; as they gave no quarter it was
a Compleat Butchery, out of about fifty men of which the
company I was in consisted; thirty-six were killed — I fled
with what few escaped, and I consider until this day my
escape almost miraculous, the particulars of my escape I
forbear to mention my family lived about five miles from
the Battle ground, during the night I reached my family a
wife, and three children all infants ; one of them but two
days old, I immediately put my sick wife and children into a
boat (I lived near the river) and fled down the River, I suc-
ceeded in passing the falls with great difficulty and reached
in safety Harris' Ferry now Harrisburg in Pennsylvania,
where the inhabitants treated me and my family with great
kindness otherwise we should have perished as we had noth-
ing but our clothes that we took in our flight and had no
change. In one day we were reduced from a competent
Estate to absolute poverty, my wife died soon after our
arrival to Harris' Ferry aforesaid from great fatigue and a
broken heart ; As soon as I could provide for my children I
returned back to Wyoming, and joined as a volunteer a
Company of Continental Troops sent by General Washing-
ton from his Army to our Relief; the Company was com-
manded by Captain Spauling Timothy Pearce was Lieuten-
ant the Ensign's name I have forgotten. I continued in the
Company Eight months and was discharged in May 1779 as
nearly as I can now recollect. I returned to Connecticut in
the fall of that year with my little children and provided for
them places with my deceased wife's friends In the Sum-
mer, on the 23rd of June 1780, my services being Known I
received an Ensign's Commission from Governor Trumbull
ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING. 89
of Connecticut the Commissions of all the officers of West-
moreland during the war were from him. John Franklin
was appointed Captain of the Company the Lieutenant's
name was Asa Chapman, we raised what men we could.
Captain Franklin soon died of sickness and the distress he
suffered in the Wyoming Massacre and its consequences;
Lieutenant Chapman was soon after (I think in August
1780) killed by the Indians a man by the name of Jamison
was killed at the same time, I sometimes stationed in forti-
fied houses or Block houses and frequently preformed scout-
ing parties in search of the Indians, I was constantly engaged
in such services and was exposed to great fatigues, priva-
tions and Dangers until the latter part of the fall Late in
October 1781 until after the news the Capture of Lord Corn-
wallis was known through [sic] the Country, the Depredi-
tion of the Indians then seemed to cease. In the fall of that
year and winter there were no more troubles with parties
of Lurking Indians or tories & I did no more service after
that time
In my first Tour of Duty under Captain McCharachan I
was a Sargeant and preformed as near as my memory
serves me one year and Months service
As a Volunteer I preformed eight months service, I en-
tered in Captain Spaulding's company as a Soldier my desire
to be revenged on the Indians for the many Injuries I & My
friends had received at the hands made me willing and
anxious to do duty in any capacity, (I had a brother killed in
the Wyoming Battle by my side) my property burnt & de-
stroyed all my stock of Cattle & hogs killed. As an Ensign
I preformed one year & one month duty I hope no man now
living in the United States suffered more than I did at that
time.
During most of my services I was in the Susquehanna
Country in the State of Pennsylvania and New York mostly
in the former in and about the Wyoming Country as it was
then Called, the services were distressing & dangerous often
9O ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING.
in great necessity ; The officers were Colonel Zebulon Butler
& Colonel Dennison aforenamed, I recollect a Captain Bad-
lock; Captain Robert Durkee and a Captain Ransom who
the three last were tortured to death by the Indians a Major
Garrit who was Major of our Regiment was killed in the
Wyoming battle, some of the fugatives from the Battle with
Colonel Dennison got into a fort at Kingston (opposite
Wilkes-Barry) John Butler aforesaid, the day after the
Battle demanded its immediate surrender, he sent in many
bloody scalps, when Colonel Dennison who commanded the
post inquired what terms he might expect, Butler answered
him "The Hatchet" The fort was taken the next day
I have no Discharges or documentary Evidence except my
Ensign Commission which I herewith transmit as proof of
all my statements; all the Officers with whom I was asso-
ciated with me are dead and I know no living person who
can prove my serving except Samuel Darte of Bolton Con-
necticut was entirely Iqst his senses & is non Compos Mentis
& is wholly incapable of testifying in a Court of Record.
Darte was with me some of the time. I was born in the
town of Lebanon (then Windham) now New London
County Connecticut on the I2th of December 1750 (OS) as
my mother always Informed me I have no record of my age,
My father when I was four years old (as my mother used)
to say removed from Lebanon County to Staton Island New
York, my father was a seafaring man & Died at Cape Briton
in Nova Scotia when Louisburgh was taken by General
Amherst & General Wolf he was in the old French War, my
Mother when I was eight years old moved back to said
Lebanon & married a second husband named Spencer of
Bolton, I lived in Bolton until I was twenty years old when
I removed to Hanover in Pennsylvania now in Luzerne
County where I lived until the years 1795 when I removed
to Hebron where I have lived ever since & now live I shall
be eighty-two years old the I2th of next December and
ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING. QI
known to the Reverend Hiram P. Ames and to His Excel-
lency John Samuel Peters both of Hebron & I hereby re-
linquish every claim whatever to a pension or annuity ex-
cept the present & declare that my name is not on the Pen-
sion Roll of the Agency of this State or any other State.
WILLIAM HEBARD.
Sworn and subscribed to the day & year aforesaid
ABNER HENDEE,
Judge of Probate Court
We Hiram P. Ames a Clergyman & John Samuel Peters
both residents in the Town of Hebron in said Tollard County
and State of Connecticut in said District of Hebron Hereby
Certify that we are well acquainted with the aforesaid Will-
iam Hebard who has subscribed & sworn to the above Dis-
position that we believe him to be 81 years of Age — that he
is reputed and believed to been a soldier of the Revolution
and that we concur in that opinion.
HIRAM P. AMES
JOHN S. PETERS.
And the said court do hereby declare their opinion after
Investigation after the Matter & after putting the Interriga-
tions prescribed by the War Department that the above
named Applicant was a Revolutionary Soldier & served as
he states & and the Court further Certifies that it appears
to them that Hiram P. Ames who has signed the preceeding
Certificate is a Clergyman resident in said town of Hebron
in said Tollard County & sd. State of Connecticut and that
his Excellency John Samuel Peters who signed the same is
also a resident in the same town of Hebron is a creditable
person and that their statement is entitled to credit.
ALVIN HENDEE
Judge of Probate Court.
I Syrus Mann Clerk of the Court of Probate within & for
the District of Hebron Do Hereby Certify that the fore-
going Contains the Original proceedings of said Court in
92 ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING.
the Matter of Application of William Hibbard for a pension.
In testimony thereof I hereto set my hand and seal of
SEAL office this 3rd Day of August 1832
CYRUS MANN,
Clerk.
State of Connecticut Tolland County SS November 30, 1832
Personally appeared before me the Undersigned the Judge
of Probate within & for the District of Hebron in Sd. State
of Connecticut Willard Hibbard of sd. Town of Hebron iti
sd. Tolland County & State aforesaid Who being Duly
sworn Deposeth & saith that the resean of old age & the
consequence loss of memory he cannot swear positively as to
the precise length of his service but according to the best of
his recollection he served not less than the periods mentioned
below in the following grade
Viz, As a Sargeant I preformed one year and one month
service
I have no Warrant in my possession nor do I know where
it is or what has become of it
As a Private (volunteer) eight months I cannot now
recollect any other officers that I have named in the Conti-
nental Army as I served in Captain Spaulding's company as
a volunteer except a Capt. Mitchell came in a Company of
Pennsylvania troops to relieve Captain Spauling
As an Ensign One year & four months service the evi-
dence in wjiich (viz.) my Commission I forwarded herewith
In all three years & four months as afore said and for such
services I claim a pension.
WILLIAM HIBBARD.
State of Connecticut Tolland County November 30 1832
Hebron Probate District.
William Hebbard personally appeared before me & made
Oath to the truth of the above statement in Addition to his
former application for a pension.
ALVAN HENDEE
Judge.
ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING. 93
In testimony whereof I hereto set my hand and seal of
Office the Day & Year last aforesaid.
CYRUS MANN,
Clerk.
I am personally acquainted with the within claimant and
that he is in all regards a worthy and deserving man, June 8,
1833
ALVAN HENDEE
Judge of County Court and Judge of
Court of Probate of Tolland County
State of Connecticut.
DAVID MARVIN,
whose military career is told in the following application
for a Revolutionary pension, dated Norwalk, Connecticut,
August 27, 1832, has been for over one hundred and thirty
years a lost hero of Wyoming. Not only has his name not
been carved on the Wyoming Monument, either in the list
of slain, or survivors, but it does not appear on any roster
of Wyoming troops engaged in the action of July 3, 1778.
Then, as if to extinguish him entirely, the excellent work
entitled "Descendants of Reinold and Matthew Marvin",
published in 1904, states, on page 370, that he was "killed
in the battle of Wyoming, 1778," leaving a son David Mar-
vin, born on the same date as his father, April 13, 1759.
DAVID MARTIN5 was the son, probably the youngest, of
Captain David4 Marvin and his wife, Hannah Gregory,
born, as his affidavit states, at Blooming Grove, Orange
county, New York, where his parents were settled, April 13,
1759. An interesting sketch of his father will be found in
the "Harvey Book", pages 296-298, where he appears as
son of John3 and Mary (Beers) Marvin (of Matthew2 and
Mary Marvin, of Matthew1 Marvin, who came with wife,
Elizabeth, to Hartford, about 1640).
94 ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING.
Captain David Marvin, with his sons Samuel, Uriah,
Seth and David, Jr., were among the early settlers of the
Wyoming Valley. Captain David and Uriah came in 1770,
Matthew in 1771, Samuel and David, Jr., in 1772. David,
Sr., was a taxable in Plymouth in 1776, and assessed at
£60; Samuel at £24; Uriah at £19; Seth appears also, May,
1772, son of Captain Matthew, on the list of 1776, but not
on any subsequent as late as 1780. Captain David is record-
ed in the Marvin book as having "died of small pox,
1768-9". David's affidavit states that both Captain David
and his wife (his own father and mother) died of small pox
at Sunbury, Pa., July, 1778, just after the Wyoming Mas-
sacre, the family having fled there after that tragic event.
Harvey's History of Wilkes-Barre, Vol II, page 1096,
shows that Marvin returned to Wyoming after the Massacre
and served in Col. Butler's Detachment one month and fif-
teen days, to October i, 1778.
David Marvin, the pensioner, died at Norwalk about Sep-
tember, 1841, aged 8f. His daughter, Mrs. Susan Bene-
dict, stated to the Pension Bureau in 1852, that he had
died ten years before. In the United States "Census of
Pensioners", June i, 1840, he is enrolled at Norwalk, Conn.,
aged 81. "The last payment of his pension was made at
$20 per annum to September 4, 1841, to J. G. Burnham,
attorney for the pensioner, who was alive and resided in
Norwalk, Fairfield County, Conn., for sixty years, and pre-
ceding thereto in the State of New York." (Pension Office.)
"The Marvin Family" probably gives his record correctly at
pages 429-430, thus :
"Married (i), Eunice, daughter of Samuel and Esther
Hayden (of John of Braintrim, Mass., 1634), born May 30,
1756; died Norwich, 1799. Married (2) Abigail Fitch.
(David and Abigail Marvin sold land in N., Mar. 21 ,1811,
and June 29, 1807.) Married (3) Mrs. Crowley. Married
(4) Mrs. Jones.
ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING. 95
Children :
Simeon.
Betsey Maria, m, Frederick Rockwell and had issue.
Samuel.
Hannah, m, Eliud Rockwell and had issue.
Esther, m, Billy Rockwell and had issue.
Sarah, m, Shubael Elwood and had issue Aaron.
Susan, m, James Benedict and had issue.
My late and valued friend, Rev. Charles M. Selleck, in
his "History of Norwalk," gives the following most inter-
esting incident in the life of David Marvin :
Speaking of the Norwalk Indians he says, page 72: "One
of the concluding generation of the Norwalk Indians was
outmatched and outwitted by one of the settlers' grandsons,
Matthew Marvin, who lived on the 'Fairfield Patch' had a
grandson David, who was deer-footed. During one of the
last century Indian troubles young David Marvin having
been mustered in as a soldier, strayed on one occasion be-
yond camp bounds. His absence was noted at headquarters
and a number of white and red men were put in pursuit.
The Indians led, and the wiry David for some distance
eluded his copper colored chasers. The latter constantly
gained upon him, and finally only a hills-half lay between
the parties. The Indians set up a victory yell, at which
their game dropped into a litter of leaves and was passed
harmlessly by. David lived to found a family, a daughter
member of which, Susan, married Mr. James Benedict,
whose home in West Avenue was torn down to make room
for the LeGrand Lockwood improvement. Another daugh-
ter of the fleet young David Marvin married Shubael El-
wood of Norwalk, father of the late Rev. David Marvin
Elwood of Norwalk."
96 ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING.
DAVID MARVIN.
Pension Application 15,520 S.
State of Connecticutt County of Fairfield SS.
On this 27th day of August, 1832, personally appeared in
open Court before the Court of Probate within and for the
District of Norwalk in said County now sitting David Mer-
vin, a resident of Norwalk in the County of Fairfield, and
State of Connecticut aged 73 years who being first sworn
according to law doth on his Oath make the following
declaration in order to obtain the benefit of the Act of Con-
gress passed June 7, 1832, that he entered the service of the
United States under the following officers and served as
herein stated — that on or about the first of August 1776 I
inlisted in Wyoming in the County of Westmoreland State
of Pennsylvania into Captain Samuel Ramson's Company
Lieutenants Asa Spauling S. Webb and Ensign Swift It
being a frontier town and much exposed to the enemy and
we constructed a fort jn said town for the protection of the
Inhabitants and we was in Garrison and on Guard and after
the Capture of the Hessians by General Washington we
was ordered by General Washington and we marched on
the first day of January 1777 from said Wyoming to Mor-
ristown State of New Jersey the British General Howe
was at that time stationed at New Brunswick and our Com-
pany were located on the lines at Reutch Bridge near the
Great Mills between the two Armies — On the 2Oth day of
January we attacked a foreging party of the enemy took a
number of Prisoners and a large number of Waggons
which was sent to Headquarters to Morristown and Gen-
eral Washington complimented us for our bravery we con-
tinued on the lines until Spring when Howe moved his
forces off we then went to Morristown where we innocu-
lated for the smallpox and took our medicine on Perade
we continued there during the summer occasionaly going
to Newark and Elizabethtown necessary In the fall Howe
ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING. 97
crossed the Delaware River General Washington met the
enemy at Brandywine our Company was ordered to join
the Army which we did soon after the Battle at that place
in the the State of Pennsylvania our Company was first
joined to a Regiment under the Command of Colonel
[John] Durgee Major [John] Sumner Adjutant [Elihu]
Mervin and Sergeant Major [Libbeus] Loomis we musted
at that time in Pennsylvania, Howe was in possession of
Philadelphia our Regiment was Detached in advance of
the Army to Germantown to drive the enemy out of that
place General Stevens (afterward cashiered for his miscon-
duct on this occasion) and under him General McDougal
Commanded I was in the battle and we lost the Day Major
Sumner had his horse shot under him On the retreat our
loss was about 700 killed etc and we then returned to our
Camp and drew rations for three days and under orders to
meet at a moments warning we then marched up the Dela-
ware and Crossed the River at Burlington and marched
down on the New Jersey side to Red Bank I was de-
tached from our Company and sent to Mud Fort and re-
mained in it until it was torn to pieces by the enemy's ship-
ping and artillery on the opposite shore those of us who
served was taken off in the night in boats to Red Bank and
we crossed the River at Burlington and went into winter
Quarters at Valley Forge at which place in the month of
January my Father sent my brother Uriah Marvin to take
my place that I might go home and repair my cloaths I had
then become very ragged I received a passport & discharge
from Captain Ransom which I have lost and I was in said
service over one year and five months. I then returned to
Wyoming where my Father and Mother lived I remain
with my Father until the third day of July 1778 when the
Indians and the Tories attacked our settlement at that time
Captain Ransom was at home being his place of residence I
volunteered my services we had all repaired to the fort and
98 ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING.
marched out 360 of us and only 60 of us returned to the
fort and Captain Ransom was among the killed I escaped
from the battle ground and our whole settlement was burnt
and destroyed we then left the fort and descended the River
about 60 miles to Sunbury where my Father and Mother
both took the smallpox and died I was in this service about
one month.
I then came to the aforesaid town of Norwalk and was in
the battle when Fairfield and Norwalk was burnt under
Captain Cyrus [Ozias] Marvin* after which I turned out
whenever an alarm was given and was occasionly on guard
in said Norwalk and on the first of April 1782 I inlisted
under Captain Ebenezer [Jabez] Fitch in said Norwalk
for six months in a six oar'd whaleBoat and we cruised
Long Island Sound and in guarding the east during said
six months & I was then discharged in Said Norwalk I
further declare that I do not know a surviving Witness that
can be found to testify to my first service as herein stated
I have no written discharge nor any documentary evidence
of my Service Born in Blooming Grove in the County of
Orange State of New York the I3th day of April 1759 Re-
corded in my Family Bible I lived in said Blooming Grove
until I was about four years old I then moved with my
father to Wallpeck County of Sussex State of New Jersey
and lived there until I was about 12 years old I then moved
with my father to the aforesaid town of Wyoming where I
lived until it was destroyed by the Indians & Tories 3rd
July 1778 and my Father & Mother both dying with small-
pox I came into the aforesaid town of Norwalk in the fall
of the year 1778 where I had a Brother then living and I
have lived in said Norwalk ever since and now live there
that the said David Marvin hereby delinkuishes every claim
whatsoever to a Pension or an annuity except the present
*Connecticut Historical Society Collections, VIII, Revolution-
ary Rolls, etc., p. 217.
ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING. 99
and declare that his name is not on the pension roll of the
agency of any State
DAVID MARVIN
Sworn and subscribed this day and year aforesaid.
BENJAMIN SEARS.
State of Connecticut County of Fairfield ss Probate
Court District of Norwalk Personally appeared before said
Court Stephen Moorehouse aged 71 and being duly sworn
according to Law in open Court depose and say that he is
well acquainted with David Marvin of said Norwalk that
in the month of April I believe the first in 1782 I inlisted
with David Marvin under Captain Ebenezer [Jabez] Fitch
in a 6 oard whale boat and we served together under said
Captain Fitch in Cruising in Long Island sound and served
6 months and disbanded in said Norwalk
STEPHEN MOREHOUSE.
Sworn and Subscribed the i8th day of August 1832
and that said Stephen Morehouse is credable Person
BENJAMIN SEERS Judge.
We Absolom Day a Clergyman residing in Norwalk and
Thaddeus Betts residing in the same hereby certify that we
are well acquainted with David Marvin who has subscribed
and sworn to the above declaration that we believe him to
be 73 years of Age that he is reported and believed in the
Neighborhood where he resides to have been a Soldier of
the Revolution and that we concur in that oppinion
ABSOLOM DAY
THADDEUS BETTS
Sworn and Subscribed the day and year aforesaid and
the said Court do hereby declare their opinion after the in-
vestigation of the Matter and after putting the interroga-
tions prescribed by the War Department that the above
named affiant was a revolutionary soldier and served as he
states And Court further certify that it appears to them
IOO ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING.
that Absolom Day who has signed the preceeding Certifi-
cate is a Clergyman residing in the town of Norwalk and
that His Honor Thaddeus Betts who has also signed the
same is a resident in the town of Norwalk and is a credable
person and that the statement entitled to Credit
BENJAMIN ISAAC Judge
I Charles Isaacs Clerk of the aforesaid Court of Probate
do hereby certify that the foregoing contains the original
proceedings of the Court in the Matter of the application of
David Marvin for Pension
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and
seal of Said Probate office this 27th day of August 1832
SEAL CHARLES ISAACS Clerk
SUPPLEMENT.
State of Connecticutt Fairfield County SS
Probate Court District of Norwalk in said County March
13, 1834. Personally appeared before said Court David
Marvin of said Norwalk aged 74 years and being duly
sworn in open court depose and said that his Declaration
made before this Court and now on file at the War Office
of the United States is in every part and parcel a just and
true statement of his Services during the Revolutionary
War for the United States that he has made deligient search
to find proof of his said service in the Continental Army
and cannot find nor does he know of a single person living
that can testify to his said service. That in the Battle of
Wyoming there was but four persons that returned from
the Battle alive from the town in which he belongs. One
was named James Roberts Daniel Owens Asa Hale
[Asahel] Nash and myself which was more than fifty years
ago and I presume they are all dead. DAVID MARVIN
Sworn and subscribed in open Court and that I am well
acquainted with said David Marvin and that he is a reput-
able and creditable Person BENJAMIN ISAACS Judge
ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING. IOI
State of Connecticutt Fairfield County SS
Probate Court District of Norwalk April 12 1834 Per-
sonally appeared before said Court David Marvin of said
Norwalk and being duly sworn in open Court deposes and
says in Explanation of his former declaration by him made
in order to obtain a Pension under the Act of Congress of
June 7, 1832 hereby states the fact of his services for the
United States during the Revolutionary War Owing to the
length of time his his age and loss of memory he may not
state the exact dates of his said service
That in the Spring of the year 1776 there was two com-
panies ordered to be raised as I understood by Congress in
the fronteer towns of Wilkbury, Kinston Plimouth Wyo-
ming and another town which I cannot now recolect for
the purpose of Guarding the fronteer against the enemy
that in August 1776 being about 17 years old I enlisted in
said Town of Wyoming at that time under the jurisdiction
of Connecticutt in one of said Companies under the com-
mand of Captain Samuel Ransom Lieutenants Spaulding
and wells Ensign Swift the other company was under the
command of Captain Durkee in which Hollenback and
Buck officers
It was understood at the time I inlisted that our company
was to be stationed at said Wyoming for the protection of
that place we were immediately put upon duty exercised
every day and in a short time ordered up the River Susque-
hanna to a place called Wyalusing about 60 Miles and kept
a Guard on Indian Hill at that time deserted where we con-
tinued until we were then ordered down the River and
joined the other Company under Captain Durkee and we
continued there until after the capture of the Hessians by
General Washington in New Jersey when both of said com-
panies were ordered to Morristown in that State and we
left Wyoming on the first of January 1777 for that place
General Howe of the Brittish Army was stationed at New
IO2 ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING.
Brunswick & Amboy and our Company was located on the
line between the two Armies On the 2Oth day of January
we attacked a foreaging party of the enemy took a number
of prisoners and a large number of waggons over thirty,
which we sent to headquarters at Morristown & General
Washington complimented us for our bravery, we continued
on the lines until Spring until Howe moved his forces off
we then Marched to Norristown where we was inoculated
for the smallpox and took our Medicine on perade, we con-
tinued there during the summer occassionly at Newark and
Elizabethtown during which time General Washington met
the enemy at Bradywine after which and our company was
ordered to join General Washington's Army which we did
soon after that Battle at Chester State of Pennsylvania
where our Company first joined the Regiment under Col-
onel Durkee Major Sumner Adjutant Marvin and Sargeant
Major Loomis. we encamped at that time in Pennsylvania
Howe was in possession of Philadelphia our Regiment was
detached in advance of the Army to Germantown and
marched close to General McDougal and How ? we at-
tacked the British at that place and by some misconduct as
I then understood that General Stevens we lost the day and
in our retreat Major Sumner Horse was shot and I extri-
cated him from his horse and saved him and we then re-
turned to our former encampment where we continued for
some time we was then ordered up the Delaware on the
New Jersey side to Red Bank and was put in the fort at
that time called Mud Fort and a severe Battle with the
enemy they bombarded the fort with their shipping and bat-
teries from the Pennsylvania side in the night we retreated
out of the Fort and escaped the River in Boats to Red Bank
from there to Burlington and went into winter Quarters at
Valley Forge where we made our huts that in January 1778
my Father at that time living in Wyoming sent my Brother
Uriah Marvin to take my place in the company in which I
ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING. IO3
was enlisted and Captain Ransom accepting him as I had
become very ragged and destitute of cloathing and Captain
Ransom gave me an honorable discharge which discharge I
have lost. I then returned to my Father's home in Wyo-
ming making the time I was in active service for the United
States up to this time of one year and five months That on
the third day of July 1778 the Indians and Tories attacked
the town of Wyoming at that time Captain Ransom and
Captain Durkee were both home at Wyoming their place of
Residence on a visit I was in said battle as a volunteer un-
der my former Captain Ransom, when we was defeated
was near Captain Ransom when he was killed and saw the
Indian kill him, also Captain Durkee was killed in the same
battle they massacred all they could get hold of, burnt the
town I retired into the fort in the night and but four per-
sons out of the company in which I belonged that was saved
the remaining part of my services for the United States is
fully and I hope satisfactorly detailed in my Original and
supplementalry declaration, and I sincerely pray that you
Honor will take my case into immediate consideration and
place me on the Pension list agreeable to my said declara-
tion. ~
DAVID MARVIN.
Sworn and subscribed in open Court and that I am well
acquainted with the said David Marvin and that he is a re-
putable and creditable person „ , ,
BENJAMIN ISAACS Judge
State of Connecticut Fairfield County Personally ap-
peared before Benjamin Isaacs Justice of the Peace in and
for said County on the 151)1 day of September 1835 Elipha-
let Dikman of Weston in said County, and being dub;
sworn according to Law made Solemn Oath that he is 74.
years of age that he is well acquainted with David Marvin
of Norwalk in said County and knows that in the Month of
April 1782 said Marvin enlisted with Captain Jabez Fitch
IO4 ECHOES OF THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING.
who Commanded a Six Oared Boat under the State of Con-
necticut and cruised Long Island Sound had a number of
skirmishes with the enemy and was in said service six
months the deponent belonged to the same boat and enlisted
at the same time with said Marvin and was discharged at
the same time said boat called the Coffee and was constantly
in said service for the full time aforesaid
ELIPHALET DIKMAN.
Sworned and subscribed the day and year aforesaid and
that I am acquainted with said Eliphalet Dikman and that
he is a creditable witness*
BENJAMIN ISAACS
Justice of Peace.
^Connecticut in the Revolution, p. 584, gives a roster of Captain
Jabez Fitch's Company, March i, 1782 — March i, 1783, containing
the names of Eliphalet Dikeman and Stephen Morehouse as serving
from August 20 to November 20, and David Marvin as serving
from September i to November 20, 1782.
Eliphalet Dikeman was a pensioner September 25, 1833, from
March 4, 1831, as private Conn. Continental Line at $43.33 per an-
num, aged 73, in 1834. (U. S. Pension Rolls, 1835, Vol. I, Conn. 85.)
Stephen Morehouse was also a pensioner August 26, 1833, from
March 4 in private Conn. Continental Line at $60 per annum, aged
73, paid to January 24, 1833, the day of his death. (Id. 89.)
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HONOURABLE DISCHARGE OF COLONEL ZEBULON BUTLER, 1784.
COMMISSION OF COLONEL BUTLER. IO5
THE ORIGINAL
CONTINENTAL COMMISSION OF
COLONEL ZEBULON BUTLER, 1778.
AND HIS HONORABLE DISCHARGE, 1784.
WITH MRS. BUTLER'S APPLICATION FOR A PENSION.
In Volume X of the "Proceedings and Collections" of this
Society pages 192-194, will be found a certified copy of the
Continental Commission of Colonel Zebulon Butler, signed
by Hon. John Jay, President of Congress, March 17, 1779,
with rank dating from March 13, 1778.
Also a certified copy of the "Honorable Discharge" from
the Continental service of Colonel Butler, signed by George
Washington, May 10, 1784.
These copies were made probably for Steuben Butler,
Esq., in 1836, when Mrs. Phebe (Haight) Butler, the widow
of Colonel Butler, made application to the United States
Pension Department for a pension, July 5, 1836. Mrs. But-
ler died in Wilkes-Barre, January 19, 1837, before receiving
her pension. With her affidavits she deposited in the hands
of the Government the original Continental Commission and
Discharge of her husband, with the result that these valuable
documents were virtually lost for nearly seventy-five years.
The certified copies published in the tenth volume of our
"Proceedings," were printed with the hope that these origi-
nals, with the lost certificate of Colonel Butler's member-
ship in the Society of the Cincinnati might be recovered.
Colonel Butler's grandson, the late Charles Edward Butler,
who died in 1909, had no recollection whatever of the exist-
ence of the originals. But while assorting his papers after
his death, a letter, which is here given, was found written
by J. L. Edwards, Esq., the Commissioner of Pensions, then
in the United States War Department, in reply to a letter of
inquiry from the late Hon. Andrew Beaumont, a member of
Congress from Luzerne. This letter revealing the existence
IO6 COMMISSION OF COLONEL BUTLER.
of the originals was entirely forgotten, as in 1848 Hon.
Chester Butler, then a member of Congress, wrote a similar
letter of inquiry to Mr. Edwards, which was filed with Mrs.
Butler's application and is given here.
When the letter of Hon. Andrew Beaumont was found the
Corresponding Secretary promptly addressed a letter to
Hon. James L. Davenport, the present Commissioner of Pen-
sions, earnestly requesting, in the name of this Society, the
privilege of seeing and securing photographic copies of the
documents. Mr. Davenport very courteously granted the
request.
In May, 1910, the Secretary met the Commissioner and
secured the privilege of photographing the originals, copy-
righting and selling the same for the benefit of the "Colonel
Zebulon Butler Fund" of this Society. The originals being
nearly one hundred and twenty-six years old, have been some-
what faded by age. They had been folded and doubtless
carried in Colonel Butler's pocket until the parchment Com-
mission was wrinkled in the folds, and the Discharge was
torn into two pieces. The Government has few of such
Revolutionary treasures in its possession, and these, held to
be among the rarest, were mounted, framed and sent as part
of the Government exhibit to the Alaska Exposition, June-
October, 1909. Certainly no heir of Colonel Butler visited
that Exposition, or the existence of these lost documents
would have been discovered.
The photograph copies obtained for this Society and pre-
sented here in reduced size, are fully as distinct as the origi-
nals and are of the exact size, respectively, 6l/2 by 11^/2
inches, and 7 by 9 inches. They have been offered to the
heirs of Colonel Butler, by the Secretary, at the moderate
cost of five dollars for the pair, and the money received from
the sale has been added to the Butler Fund.
In addition to the privilege of securing these photographs,
the Secretary was also permitted to copy for publication the
application for a pension of Mrs, Phebe (Haight) Butler,
PENSION APPLICATION OF MRS. COLONEL BUTLER. IO/
widow of Colonel Butler, with the affidavits accompanying it,
and these are all given here verbatim.
Framed copies of the photographed Commission and Dis-
charge can be seen in the Historical Rooms and in the Oster-
hout Free Library.
HORACE EDWIN HAYDEN,
WAR DEPARTMENT,
PENSION OFFICE,
Feb. 17, 1837.
Sir. — In reply to your inquiry I have to inform you that
the Commission and Discharge of Col. Butler cannot be sent
from this office.
The rules prohibiting me from allowing papers in support
of any claim to be sent from the Department after a Pen-
sion Certificate has been issued.
Copies will be given if required.
I have the honor to be
Very respectfully
Your ob't serv't,
J. L. EDWARDS.
HON. A. BEAUMONT,
House of Repress.
APPLICATION FOR PENSION OF
MRS. PHEBE (HAIGHT) BUTLER, WIDOW OF COLONEL ZEBULON
BUTLER, CONTINENTAL LINE.
Declaration of Phebe Butler, widow of Col. Zebulon But-
ler, decd, in order to obtain the benefit of the third section of
the Act of Congress of the 4th July, 1836.
PENNSYLVANIA, ss :
On the twenty-fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord
one thousand eight hundred and thirty-six, personally ap-
peared before the subscriber one of the Judges of the Court
of Common Pleas in and for the County of Luzerne and
State aforesaid, Phebe Butler, a resident of the Borough of
108 PENSION APPLICATION OF MRS. COLONEL BUTLER.
Wilkes-Barre in the County and State aforesaid, aged
seventy-seven years and upwards who being first duly sworn
according to law doth on her oath make the following decla-
ration in order to obtain the benefit of the provision made by
the Act of Congress passed July 4th 1836. That she is the
widow of Zebulon Butler deceased, who was a Colonel of the
Second Connecticutt Regiment in the Army of the United
States. She further declares that she was married to the
said Zebulon Butler on or about the first of November in
the year seventeen hundred and eighty one. That her hus-
band the aforesaid Zebulon Butler died on the twenty eighth
day of July — in the year seventeen hundred and ninety five
and that she has remained a widow ever since that period
as will more fully appear by reference to the proof hereto
annexed.
Sworn to and subscribed on the day \
and year above written before j her
DAVID SCOTT, ( PHEBE X BUTLER
Presd Judge of the IIth Jud1 / mark
Dist. of Penna including J
Luzerne Co. /
PENNSYLVANIA, LUZERNE Co., ss :
I do hereby certify that Phebe Butler the aforesaid Appli-
cant is by reason of bodily infirmity unable to attend Court.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal
this 25th day of July A. D. 1836.
DAVID SCOTT,
Presd Judge IIth Jud1 Dist of Penna-
[SEAL]
And I hereby further certify that Phebe Butler the within
named Applicant is well known to me and is credible.
DAVID SCOTT,
Presd IIth Jud1 Dist. 25 July 1836.
PENSION APPLICATION OF MRS. COLONEL BUTLER. IOO,
PENNSYLVANIA, LUZERNE COUNTY, ss :
Before me one of the Judges of Common Pleas in and for
said County this 27th day of July A. D. 1836, personally
appeared Thomas Williams of the Township of Wilkes-
Barre in said County aged eighty years who being duly
sworn according to the law doth depose and say that he
was well acquainted with Col. Zebulon Butler from the year
1774 or 1775 until the time of his death. This deponent
served in the Regiment of the said Col. Butler in 1777 and
also in 1783 at West Point where the deponent understood
from general report that Col. Butler had some time previ-
ously married a Miss Haight with whom he was then living
as his wife. Deponent understood also in 1782 that said
Col. Butler was married to the lady above referred to and
he knows that Col. Butler continued to live with her as his
wife from the above named period, 1783, until the time of
his death. Deponent has continued to know Mrs. Phebe
Butler, the aforesaid wife of the said Col. Butler from the
period of his death to the present time — that she has re-
mained a widow since his decease and still lives a widow
with her son Steuben Butler in the Borough of Wilkes-
Barre in the County aforesaid, and further saith not.
Sworn to and subscribed before
me, the day and year first afore-
said— THOMAS WILLIAMS.
DAVID SCOTT,
Presd Judge of the IIth Jud1 Dist.
Luzerne County.
PENNSYLVANIA, LUZERNE COUNTY, ss:
I do hereby certify that Thomas Williams the within
affiant is well known to me and that he is perfectly credible.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal
this 27th July A. D. 1836.
DAVID SCOTT,
Presd IIth Jud1 Dist. of Penna.
(SEAL.)
IIO PENSION APPLICATION OF MRS. COLONEL BUTLER.
PENNSYLVANIA, LUZERNE COUNTY, ss:
I, John Smith, Prothonotary of the Court of
(SEAL) Common Pleas for Luzerne County do hereby cer-
tify that David Scott Esquire, before whom fore-
going deposition and acknowledgment was taken, is now and
was at the time hereof a President Judge of the Eleventh
Judicial District of Penna. and one of the Judges of the
Court of Common Pleas for Luzerne County, duly com-
missioned and sworn and that full faith and credit are due
his official acts, as such, and I do further certify that I am
acquainted with the hand writing of the said Judge and that
the Signature of the said David Scott is genuine and in his
proper handwriting. In testimony whereof I have hereunto
set my hand and affixed the seal of said Court at Wilkes-
Barre the twenty eighth day of July A. D. 1836.
JOHN SMITH, Prothy,
By Harris Colt.
PENNSYLVANIA, LUZERNE COUNTY, ss:
Before me a Justice of the Peace in and for said County
this 22nd day of July A. D. 1836, personally appeared Benja-
min Bidlack of Kingston in said County, aged seventy seven,
who being duly sworn according to law, doth depose that in
April 1781 he enlisted in the Company of Captain William
Helme of Hacketstown, New Jersey of the Second Battalion
of New Jersey troops commanded by Col. William DeHart.
In May 1782 we marched to Kings Ferry in the Highlands
on the Hudson and remained there during the ensuing sum-
mer. Whilst at that place and during that summer, De-
ponent heard it announced that Col. Zebulon Butler, whom
this Deponent knew very well had arrived in camp with
his wife. Deponent went to call on Col. Butler and his wife
and saw them and knows that they were then living together
as husband and wife and understood that they had been
married not long before. Deponent further says that he
PENSION APPLICATION OF MRS. COLONEL BUTLER. Ill
has continued to know the said Col. Butler and the same
Lady from that time till the death of the said Col. Butler
and her until the present time — that they continued to live
together as husband and wife until the death of Col. Butler
according to the best of Deponent's knowledge and belief
and that she has remained a widow since the death of Col.
Butler and still lives a widow with her son in the Borough
of Wilkes-Barre in Luzerne County aforesaid.
BENJAMIN BIDLACK,
Sworn to and subscribed before
me the day and year first afore-
said
SHARPE D. LEWIS,
Justice of Peace
PENNSYLVANIA, LUZERNE COUNTY, ss:
It is hereby certified that Benjamin Bidlack the within
named Affiant is well known to me and that he is perfectly
credible. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this 25th July 1836.
SHARPE D. LEWIS
Justice of the Peace. (SEAL.)
PENNSYLVANIA, LUZERNE COUNTY, ss:
I, John Smith, Prothonotary of the Court of
(SEAL) Common Pleas for Luzerne Co. do certify that
Sharpe D. Lewis, Esq. before whom the foregoing
deposition and acknowledgment was taken, is and was at the
time hereof, an acting Justice of the Peace for Luzerne Co.
duly commissioned and sworn and that full faith and credit
are due his official acts as such, and I do further certify that
I am acquainted with the handwriting of the said Justice
and that the signature of the said Sharpe D. Lewis is genuine
and in his proper hand writing. In testimony whereof, I
112 PENSION APPLICATION OF MRS. COLONEL BUTLER.
have hereunto set my hand and affixed the seal of the said
Court at Wilkes-Barre the twenty eighth day of July A. D.
1836.
JOHN SMITH, Frothy.
By Harris Colt.
PHILA. Nov. 24, 1838.
J. R. POINSETT, ESQ.
Sec. of War.
Sir. The heirs of Zebulon Butler late of Wilkes-Barre
Pa. and son of Col. Zebulon Butler of the Revolutionary
Army, have heard that money has been paid to the widow of
said Col. Zebulon Butler now deceased, and being unable
to ascertain particulars from those who are said to have
been entrusted therewith, they respectfully ask you to favor
them with a statement of the amounts that have been paid
and to whom and such other particulars as are recorded.
Very Respectfully
in behalf of
LYDIA STODDART j
ANN B CASTLE ( LATE BuTLER.
SARAH CURTIS (
HARRIET B. SILVER)
JOHN BUTLER
SYLVINA BUTLER
WELLS BUTLER
J. V. VILNER
Philadelphia.
HOUSE OF REP.
February 9, 1848.
J. L. EDWARDS ESQ.,
Com. of Pensions.
Sir: Will you please inform me whether the commission,
discharge or other papers, of Col. Zebulon Butler are to be
found in your office. Col. Butler commanded a Connecticutt
PENSION APPLICATION OF MRS. COLONEL BUTLER. 113
Regiment at the close of the Revolutionary War and the
papers I wish to find were, I think, presented by his widow
Mrs. Phebe Butler in support of her claims in right of her
husband — which claims were allowed.
Respectfully yours &s
CHESTER BUTLER.
It appears from the "List of Private Claims from the
First to the Thirty-first Congress" that an application from
the heirs of Col. Butler preceded the claim of Mrs. Butler.
The Journal of the House of Representatives of the Twenty-
third Congress, First Session, December 2, 1833, to July 30,
1834, shows on page 65 that :
"Hon. Andrew Beaumont presented a petition from the
widow and heirs of Colonel Zebulon Butler praying to be
paid the arrearage of pay due him, and the Commutation of
half pay for life to which the said Colonel Butler was en-
titled as an Officer of the Revolutionary Army."
This petition was referred to the Committee on Revolu-
tionary Claims, but was never reported from the committee.
Mrs. Phebe (Haight) Butler's pension was granted July 25,
1836, and the certificate issued August 5, 1836, but she died
before she could receive any benefit from it.
114 BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION.
BENJAMIN SMITH,
OF EXETER, LUZERNE COUNTY, PA.
A SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION.
BY REV. HORACE EDWIN HAYDEN, M. A.
Corresponding Secretary and Librarian.
Among the many interesting historical pamphlets in the
possession of the Wyoming Historical and Geological So-
ciety, one with a Wilkes-Barre imprint is entitled "SKETCH
/ OF THE / LIFE / OF / BENJAMIN SMITH/A NATIVE OF
NEWYORK / DURING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION BY LAND /
AND SEA, IN THE YEARS / 1776, 1777, 177&> 1779> 17&° AND
1781. / WILKESBARRE, PA. / PRINTED FOR BENJAMIN SMITH /
1820."
One of the chief purposes of an Historical Society
is the preservation of the literature of the section of country
in which it is situated. Therefore next to the History of
the Wyoming Valley its Literature is most important. Hence
the Society preserves a copy of every book or pamphlet
bearing the imprint of Wilkes-Barre, and a file of every
newspaper published within its borders. With one excep-
tion only, it is believed, the Society has in its keeping every
title known to have been published here from 1797 to 1860,
with all the local newspapers down to date. That excep-
tion is the newspaper published here in 1795, called "The
Herald of the Times". No copy of this paper, which pre-
ceded the "Wilkes-Barre Gazette", being extant.
During the past year the Society has acquired a nearly
full file of "The Advertiser", an octavo newspaper published
in Wilkes-Barre in 1814, contemporaneous with "The Liter-
ary Visitor".
The pamphlet, "Sketch of the Life of Benjamin Smith",
was the only copy of this imprint known to exist until during
the present year. It was the gift to the Society from Dr.
Welding Fell Dennis. Owing to its rarity and its interest as
a Revolutionary War narrative, the Publishing Committee
BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION. 115
have thought it worthy of being reprinted in the present
annual volume. It is a defective copy, worn and soiled, but
inquiry at the largest libraries in the East has failed to dis-
cover another copy, nor have the heirs of Mr. Smith any
knowledge of it. The Editor was therefore very agreeably
surprised while preparing to edit the copy referred to, by
the appearance in the Historical Rooms this summer of a
stranger who asked the question: "Have you here a copy
of the Life of Benjamin Smith, published here in 1820?"
The Librarian replied : "Yes ; have you ?" Imagine his sur-
prise when the stranger handed him a clean and perfect
copy of the pamphlet, which he had picked up in New Jersey
with some old books. That copy is now the property of this
Society, purchased at a good price, without expense to any
member of the Society. It is reprinted here verbatim, etc.,
with notes proving the correctness of its statements. Its re-
publication may result in the discovery of other copies and
its narrative will interest all who read it, as it records many
minor incidents of the Revolutionary period not to be found
elsewhere.
Benjamin Smith appears as "Private, Captain William
Jackson's Fourth Company, Fourth Regiment, New York
Line, having enlisted January, 1777; was disabled by cold
and fever at Valley Forge, winter of 1778; transferred to
Colonel Philip Van Cortland's Regiment, January 7, 1783,
B, 81; C, 176, M. R. Weaver, New Windsor, Ulster
County." (v. Document relating to the Colonial History
of New York, Vol XV, 213, otherwise known as Vol. I,
New York in the Revolution.)
He also appears in Colonel James Holmes Fourth Regi-
ment, of which William Jackson was a Captain, 1777. (v.
Roberts, New York in the Revolution, Vol. I, p. 53). He
also appears in Colonel Philip Van Cortland's Regiment,
1783 (v. Roberts, New York in the Revolution, Vol. II,
P- 38.)
The following depositions of Abigail Smith, widow of
Benjamin, and his daughter Sarah, wife of Barnabas Carey,
Il6 BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION.
are filed in the United States Pension Bureau, and are given
here complete.
One Benjamin Smith appears among the taxables in
Kingston for 1796 (Pearce's Annals, p. 547) but he was
doubtless the one of the name whose will, dated January
19, 1816, is probated Book A, January 29, 1816, and who
died January 19, 1816, aged 59 years, leaving a wife, sons
Pearce and John, and one daughter named Phebe.
The Benjamin Smith of the pamphlet was in Exeter early
in 1793 or 1794, as on the 22nd of February, 1794, Benja-
min Smith, with John and Thomas Jenkins, and James and
Elisha Scoville, subscribed thirteen pounds, or $65.00, to-
wards the erection of a "Baptist meeting house", in Exeter,
which however was never built. The only property trans-
actions in the name of Benjamin Smith recorded in Luzerne
county, are, first, a deed from Benjamin and Abigail Smith,
of Exeter, to John Turner, of Plymouth, dated May 16,
1823, conveying to Turner for $800, a tract of land contain-
ing 296 acres, of which 200 acres were granted them under
the Act of April 4, 1799 (Deed Book 28, p. 298) ; second,
a conveyance by Benjamin Smith and Abigail Smith, his
wife, for $150, of ten acres to John Shaler, April 5, 1823.
According to the deposition of Abigail Smith, and her
daughter, Sarah Carey, here given, it is shown that Benja-
min Smith, born New York City, May 12, 1754, died Exeter,
Luzerne County, Penn'a, May 29, 1823, married at Hemp-
stead, Long Island, 1783, Abigail , born Hempstead,
1750 ; died Exeter, July 28, 1847, a£ed 97 years. They had :
Sarah Smith, born 1750, married Barnabas Carey, of
Pittston Township.
Mary Smith, born , married Francis Brewer.
Elizabeth Smith, born , married Hosea Phillips.
Deborah Smith, born , married David Belcher.
John Smith, born .
Robert Smith, born .
Abigail Smith, born , married Levi Millage.
Catherine Smith, born , married Charles Spinks.
BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION. 117
None of these names are known here except Hosea Phil-
lips, of whom there were two, father and son, and Barnabas
Carey.
Because much research has been made for the Wyoming
Careys, it is well to state that Barnabas does not appear in
any published Carey record as far as known. Barnabas
Carey who married Sarah Smith, was the son of John Carey,
of Providence Township, Luzerne County, who was here in
Wyoming as a boy as early as 1770, 1771, 1772, 1773, and
who died in 1826. His will, dated December 17, 1825, was
probated February 2, 1826 (Will Book B, 382). In his will
he names no wife, but names ten children, viz. : sons, Miner
Carey, Barnabas Carey, John B. Carey, William Carey, Dan-
iel Carey, Isaac Hewitt Carey, and daughters, Sarah Carey,
Lucy Carey, Eliza Carey, and Louisa Carey. This John is
given in the Carey book as son of Eleazer Carey, who was
here 1770-1772, but the book locates him in Wyoming, 1769,
and records his death as September 15, 1844, and names no
such children as his will gives, nor does it give him any son
Barnabas. ("John Gary, the Plymouth Pilgrim," 1911, p.
US-)
One Barnabas Carey was in Wyoming continuously from
July, 1771, to December, 1772, and was doubtless the Bar-
nabas Carey of Westmoreland Town, Connecticut, Yoeman,
who February 13, 1777, deeded to Jeremiah Blanchard, part
of lot 25 in Pittston. (Deed Book 4, 144.)
But the Barnabas Carey, son of John, who married Sarah
Smith, died in 1849. His will, dated December 8, 1821, and
probated April 9, 1849, names his wife Sally. (Will Book
B, 346.) He records himself as Barnabas Carey, of Coving-
ton Township, Luzerne County, when March 8, 1826, he
sold to Joseph Carey "all the land willed to me by my father,
John Carey," his wife Sarah Carey signing the deed with
him. (Deed Book 23, 637.)
Il8 PENSION APPLICATIONS OF MRS. ABIGAIL SMITH.
PENSION APPLICATIONS OF MRS. ABIGAIL SMITH.
Declaration. In order to obtain the benefits of the Act of
Congress of the 7th of June 1832.
STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA
COUNTY OF LUZERNE SS.
Personally appeared on this 2nd day of December 1845,
before the subscriber a Judge of the Courts in and for the
County aforesaid Abba Smith of Exeter in said County
aged eighty years; After being duly sworn deposeth and
saith that she is the widow of Benjamin Smith late a soldier
in the War of the Revolution and who died the twenty ninth
of May 1833, Eighteen hundred and thirty three.
This deponent doth on her oath make the following decla-
ration in order to obtain the benefits of the Provisions made
by the Act of Congress of the 7th June 1832.
That her aforesaid husband Benjamin Smith, Enlisted in
a Company Commanded by Captain Jackson in 1777, Seven-
teen hundred and seventy seven for during the war, served
to the close of the War, was twice taken prisoner by the
British — Was in the battle of Brandywine and other Battles,
was wounded in his left leg by a Ball and two buckshot,
which remained in his leg until his death. That he was
Honorably discharged and drew Bounty Land? That this
deponent was married to the said Benjamin Smith in Hem-
stead on Long Island in the State of New York
This deponent in the name of her deceased Husband Ben-
jamin Smith makes the above application for the Pension
due to her aforesaid Husband Benjamin Smith at the day of
his death, viz, the twenty ninth of May 1833.
That her said Husband never drew a pension in this State
PENSION APPLICATIONS OF MRS. ABIGAIL SMITH. 119
or in the United States? To substantiate this claim depo-
nent submits the following annexed proof.
her
ABBA X SMITH
Sworn to and subscribed before me mark
This 2nd day of December 1845
HENRY PETTEBONE,
Associate Judge
I certify that the above named Abba Smith is a highly
Respectable old lady — That I consider her to be of the age
represented by her, — That on account of Bodily infirmity
she cannot attend the Court to make this her declaration.
HENRY PETTEBONE, Associate Judge.
Declaration ; In order to obtain the benefits of the Act of
Congress of July 7th 1838 Granting half pay and pen-
sion to certain widows — And of the Act of March 3rd 1843
and of June I7th 1844.
STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA
COUNTY OF LUZERNE SS.
On the 2nd day of December 1845 personally appeared
before the Subscriber a Judge of the Courts in and for the
County aforesaid Abba Smith of Exeter in the said County
aged eighty years — After being duly sworn according to
law doth on her oath make the following declaration in order
to obtain the benefits of the provision made by the Act of
Congress of the 7th of July 1838 granting half pay and pen-
sions to certain widows, and of the Act of Congress of
March 3d 1838 and of the Act of June 17, 1844 — That she
is the widow of Benjamin Smith who was a soldier in the
war of the Revolution. That he resided during the War of
the Revolution on Long Island in the State of New York,
That he enlisted in the year 1777 for during the War under
I2O PENSION APPLICATION OF MRS. SARAH CAREY.
Captain Jackson served under Gen Putnam, was in the Bat-
tle of Brandywine and several other Battles, was twice
taken prisoner by the British, was wounded in the left leg
by a ball and two buckshot which remained in his leg until
his death? That he obtained an Honorable discharge and
drew Bounty Land. This deponent further deposeth and
saith that she was married to the said Benjamin Smith in
the town of Hempsted on Long Island in the fall of the
year 1783. That her said husband died in the month of
May 1833.
That she knows of no record or documentary proof of her
marriage and believes there are none? That she was not
married to him prior to his leaving the service but that the
marriage took place before the first of January 1794 — viz at
the time above stated — That she has not since married but
remains his widow. her
ABBA X SMITH
mark
Subscribed to and* sworn before me
This 2nd day of December 1845
HENRY PETTEBONE,
Associate Judge.
STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA
COUNTY OF LUZERNE SS.
Personally appeared before the subscriber a Justice of the
Peace of the County aforesaid Sarah Cary of Exeter in said
County aged fifty nine years. After being duly sworn ac-
cording to law deposeth and saith that Abba Smith who is
applying for a pension as the widow of Benjamin Smith who
was a soldier in the war of the Revolution, is this deponents
mother and that the said Benjamin Smith was this depo-
nents father, That her said father and mother were living
together as husband and wife at the time of this deponents
first recollection. That they continued to live together as
PENSION APPLICATION OF MRS. SARAH CAREY. 121
such until his death which took place the twenty ninth of
May 1833, Eighteen hundred and thirty three, that her said
Mother has since remained his widow. That the deponent
has often heard her said father tell of being in the War of
the Revolution. This deponent always understood and be-
lieved her said father served during most of the War of the
Revolution and thereby became entitled to Bounty Land,
That her said father was always since this deponents first
recollection a Criple in his left leg. That this deponent
always understood and believed that it was in consequence
of a wound he received while in the service of the United
States during the War of the Revolution. That her said
father died without having obtained a Pension.
her
SARAH X CAREY
Subscribed and sworn before me mark
This 25th day of September,
1845
HARRIS JENKINS, J. P.
STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA
COUNTY OF LUZERNE SS
It is hereby certified that satisfactory evidence has been
exhibited before me a Justice of the Peace that Benjamin
Smith was in the Revolutionary service and left as his
widow Abigail Smith, that the said Abigail Smith was an
applicant for a Revolutionary pension of the United States
— and that she died on the twenty eighth day of July A, D,
eighteen hundred and forty seven, leaving surviving her
Sarah Cary wife of Barnabas Cary; Mary Brewer, widow
of Francis Brewer; Elizabeth Philips wife of Hosea
Philips ; Deborah Belcher, wife of David Belcher ; John
Smith; Robert Smith; Abigail Millage, wife of Levi Mill-
age ; Catherine Spinks wife of Charles Spinks ; and that said
Sarah Cary; Wife of Barnabas Cary; Mary Brewer, widow
122 PENSION APPLICATION OF MRS. SARAH CAREY.
of Francis; Elizabeth Phillips wife of Hosea Philips; De-
borah Belcher, wife of David Belcher; John Smith, Robert
Smith; Abigail Millage, wife of Levi Millage and Cath-
erine Spinks, wife of Charles Spinks are now the only sur-
viving children of the aforesaid Abigail Smith deceased.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and
affixed my seal of office this 8th day of July 1852.
BENJAMIN SMITH J. P. (SEAL)
It is shown by "United States Document 37, Thirty-first
Congress, first session Senate Executive Documents," page
225, being a "List of Rejected Applications for Pensions,"
that "the application of Abba Smith, widow of Benjamin
Smith, of Exeter, Luzerne County, Pa., a warsman of the
New York line — entitles to bounty land was suspended for
proof of the identity of the widow as the wife of said sol-
dier", February 16, 1852.
It also appears that January 9, 1857, Congressman N. B.
Durfee presented to* Congess the petition of the heirs of
Benjamin Smith to the House, praying for remuneration for
services in the Revolutionary War, which was referred to
the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. (Public Docu-
ment, Vol. 892, p. 197.) What disposition the Committee
made of this claim cannot be learned by the writer.
SKETCH
OF THE
LIFE
BENJAMIN SMITH,
A NATIVE OF NEWYORK,
DURING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, BY LAND
AND SEA, IN THE YEARS
1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, 1780, and 1781,
WILKESBARRE, PA.
PRINTED FOR BENJAMIN SMITH,
l82O.
124 BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION.
SKETCH
OF THE
LIFE OF BENJAMIN SMITH.
I, BENJAMIN SMITH, was born in the city of New
York, May 12, 1754. My parents were poor but respecta-
ble. When in the 22d year of my age I enlisted under capt.
Thomas Mitchell, lieut Cornwall, to defend the rights of my
country, leaving an aged father and mother, brothers and
sisters. I was to have one dollar on the drum head, and
fifteen pounds as a bounty; but I never received it until
the war was over. Our company was soon attached to the
second brigade of the New Yorkers, commanded by Gen.
Putnam and Col. Courtlcmdt, at that time laying in New
York.1.
In August 1776, tie British troops commanded by Gen.
Lord Howe, landed on Long Island, at a place called
Gravesend, and the Americans prepared to meet them.
Orders were given to Gen. Putnam to reinforce his troops
for the relief of our army, which was immediately done.
ICAPTAIN THOMAS MITCHELL and LIEUTENANT ASPINWALL
CORNWALL.
Thomas Mitchell, 2d Lieutenant Great Neck Company, April 12,
1775. was promoted to ist Lieutenant, same company, March 8, 1776.
(N. Y. in the Revolution, 286.)
Aspinwall Cornwall, Ensign, same company, October 12, 1775,
was promoted 2d Lieutenant, March 8, 1776, vice Mitchell, (id.
286.) Mitchell was a voter in Queens county, November, 1775.
Cornwall was recommended for Captain by Malcolm, 1777.
Captain Thomas Mitchell and Lieutenant Aspinwall Cornwall
were so commissioned officers of Company 9; Colonel William Mal-
com's Regiment, N. Y. Continentals, February 25, 1777. (N. Y. Cal-
endar Historical Manuscript, Revolutionary Papers, Vol. II, 27; also
I- 181, I. 257, I. 47.) (No regimental organization has been found.)
For Cornwall see also "N. Y. in Revolution, Roberts, Supple-
ment," p. 168, as on Roll of Honor for cashing State pledges, 1780.
BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION. 125
General Sullivan and Lord Sterling arrived and joined the
army, and after mutual preparations the engagement began
about eight o'clock and continued until three o'clock in the
afternoon, when our troops were obliged to give way, as
they neither possessed discipline nor arms sufficient to en-
able them to contend with British veterans. We retreated
through a miry swamp or marsh, and crossed a creek, where
many of our men were drowned. The creek was so muddy
that many stuck fast and perished in the confusion of a re-
treating army. On the other side of the creek the troops
formed, and lay upon their lines until dark. It was a gen-
eral talk among our officers that General Sullivan and Lord
Sterling were taken prisoners on the right of the army,
which the soldiers heard with heavy hearts.
Orders were then given for every man to sling his knap-
sack and blanket, and march to Brooklyn Ferry, where the
boats and row-gallies lay ready to take us over. We crossed
safe, and landed at New York. The next morning orders
were given for nine men from each company of the York
troops of Putnam's brigade and Courtlandt's regiment to
man out all the boats to go to Long Island for the purpose
of bringing over our horses and baggage waggons, and a
large body of troops which had been left to guard them.
We took one load and landed them safe; but when we re-
turned for the second load the British came down upon us
and commenced a brisk fire, which we returned ; but it was
again an unfortunate day for us. Our troops soon gave
way, many being killed and wounded and great part taken
prisoners. The British took us to Gravesend, where the
day before we had the bloody engagement, and where I re-
ceived a ball and buckshot in my leg, and carry them to this
day.
The British ordered us to bury our rebel countrymen, and
as we committed them to the house of clay we picked out
the wounded — but there came a company called the Greens,
(a Refugee company) and began to run their bayonets
126 BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION.
through our wounded men, calling them damned Rebels,
and wished they had all the Rebels to serve in the same way
— and to add to their brutality and cruelty they threw two
or three wounded men into the pit with the dead. Soon
after three officers came down, two of them American, the
other British, and ordered these Refugee villians off the
ground, and at the same time threatened the Hessian guard
that was then over us with severe punishment for permitting
such cruelty, every way repugnant to the feelings of human-
ity or the principles of Christianity.
Among the prisoners were our two officers, who were
much affected, and I saw the tears run down their cheeks.
When we had finished burying the dead the British came
with their baggage waggons, took the wounded and carried
them to the hospital. The rest of us were taken to a Presby-
terian meeting-house, which had been converted into a
prison, where more than five hundred were crowded to-
gether. We had eaten nothing since we were taken, but
the next day they sat a half hogshead tub, and filled it with
water for the prisoners. This supply, however, was insuffi-
cient to allay our thirst, and to add to our misery, we had
no vessels to drink out of, and were compelled to use our
hats for that purpose. With these we endeavored to supply
the poor sick prisoners, who lay helpless on the floor, groan-
ing and crying. Some declared they were just going out of
the world, while others cried out "Lord have mercy upon
us, I never shall see my father and mother again." These
distresses were heightened by the scarcity of our food. Our
allowance was only one mouldy biscuit per day, and this was
brought to us in a sack and thrown down on the floor, when
some got their share, others more, and some none. Under
these distressing circumstances the sick were neglected, but
we generally paid them all the attention our situation would
admit of. We gave them bread and water, but many of
them were so far gone that they were unable to chew the
bread we gave them, and a great many lay dead with bread
BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION. 127
in their mouths. We lived in this distressed situation for a
long time, during which my uncle, who was a refugee officer
in the British service, came to see me; and with all the
malignity of Moloch in his looks and words, expressed the
wicked hope that I would die and rot there. I despised,
pitied and forgave him. Orders were then issued by Gen.
Howe to have us put on board the shipping and taken to
New York, as a more secure place of imprisonment. But
the vessels remained wind-bound, and that night the wind
blew a dreadful hurricane, and we could see that a fire had
broken out in the northern part of New York, and raged
with such fury that we could see to pick up a pin on the
deck of the vessel. This calamity changed our destination,
and Gen. Howe ordered the prisoners to be taken to Hali-
fax.
The British declared that the Rebels, as the Americans
were then termed, had set fire to the city, and that several
of them had been caught with torches in their hands, and
that they were thrown, torches and all, into the flames which
they were accused of creating.
The next day we set sail for Halifax on board a transport
ship, escorted by two frigates. On our arrival, we were
obliged to remain several days on board, before Gen. Marcy,
who then commanded at Halifax, could provide for our re-
ception. The sick and wounded were at length landed, and
placed in the hospital; and the rest of us were escorted to
prison, but our treatment was much better than at the meet-
ing house on Long Island. Our allowance was four pounds
of bread, two pounds of pork, one quart of peas, and a quar-
ter of a pound of butter per week, each man. We were
regulated into messes of six to each mess, and under this
arrangement we were kept in confinement until the next
spring. Gen. Marcy showed us all the lenity in his power,
and treated us like a generous enemy. In the spring we
began to feel the bad effects of confinement, and repre-
sented our grievances to the General, who came to see
us, and promised to do something to relieve. In a few
128 BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION.
days orders were given to have us all enrolled into three
classes, and the guards were directed to march us out about
half a mile, to a place called Citadel Hill, for the purpose of
giving us air and exercise. This arrangement, which was
continued every day, afforded us great relief, and very much
lessened our suffering. The new guard too, brought us in
fresh water every day in hogsheads, and took away those
that were empty. Thus did Gen. Marcy add to our comforts
as much as in his power, and proved himself a gentleman
and a friend to humanity.
This arrangement continued until the 27th of July, when
the prisoners were nearly all taken sick, without being able
to account for it; so that when the serjeant of the guard
came to call out the class as usual, none were able to go, and
many lay dead in the Jail. Sergeant Dawson reported the
facts to Col. McDonald, who ordered Dr. Johnson to repair
to the prison immediately, and if possible, administer them
some relief. When the Doctor came, he found that the
malady was occasioned by the water being poisoned! He
gave medicine, which afforded relief to many, but a great
number died. Gen. Marcy himself was active to afford us
relief: he ordered the pump to be taken up, the upper and
lower boxes to be drawn, and new boxes substituted; the
pump to be put down again and to pump the well dry. He
also directed a fence to be built around it, and a sentinel
stationed to guard it.
With these precautions we remained safe until September,
when a party of us undertook to dig out of the prison.
Whilst some were digging, another watched. The signal
was, if any British soldiers came into the prison, our watch
was to begin to sing, when we were to quit digging. As
soon as the watch was done singing, we would bring the
dirt that we had dug out in our hats, and put it in the bot-
tom of our lower births, where we slept. In this way we
continued our work for six days, until we dug through and
got out. Captain Swet and myself and four others, quit the
BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION. 129
prison in the night. We found a boat at the five-gun bat-
tery, which had oars, and all that was necessary to manage
her. We got on board and steered along the Nova Scotia
shore until we got near St. Johns. Here we landed and
travelled on one day, until we came to three houses, and
Capt. Swet said it was necessary we should have some fire
arms, and proposed searching the houses for them, which
we did, as also others, as we travelled on. In this way we
procured a supply of arms and ammunition at the King's
expence, as these people were armed by the British, as
militia-men.
We then took to the wilderness, under the direction of
capt. Swet, who had two good pocket compasses, and trav-
elled on until we came back of St. Johns2, Annapolis Royal,
and near an Indian village called Sisaboo, where we discov-
ered a small dog a few rods behind us. The dog was very
shy and ran from us, which convinced us there were Indians
not far off. We fresh primed our guns, and prepared for a
battle. But this time the little dog returned, accompanied
by seven Indians in a file. We placed ourselves in a posture
for defence, and Capt. Swet demanded of them what they
wanted : they answered, nothing ; and told us if we would go
with them to Sisaboo3, they would furnish us with plenty of
provisions of Calaboo. But we declined their invitation, and
said if they would go about their business, we would go
about ours, as we were fearful of a decoy and distrusted
their sincerity. They were armed with fuzees, scalping
knives and tomahawks. From this little incident, we thought
it most prudent to alter our course. After traveling some
distance we came to a creek, and Capt. Swet ordered us to
trail arms and follow him; he then stepped into the creek,
and gave us particular directions not to touch a bush, and
2Sx. JOHNS and ANNAPOLIS ROYAL, on western shore of Nova
Scotia.
3SissiBoo, doubtless near Sissiboo Falls on St. Mary's Bay,
Digby, N. S.
I3O BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION.
to step over every log. He likewise animated us when we
were in the deepest distress, and assured us that we should
soon find relief. We continued wading in the creek until
nearly dark, when we got out of the water, and proceeeded
along its course until we came to a lake, of which the creek
proved to be the outlet. It was a very cold night, and as we
durst not build any fire, we suffered much. It was a dreary
night to us all, and of all the fatigues and sufferings I ever
underwent, there was none to equal this night.
Capt. Swet assured us we were on the direct course to
Cape Pursue4 ; but we had to travel round the Lake, as it lay
directly in our way. To add to our distress, one of our
comrades was taken sick, and declared he could go no fur-
ther. We encouraged him all we could; one carried his
gun, and others led him along in hopes to get to the inhabi-
tants of Cape Pursue. We led him so for two days, he still
crying out for God's sake to lay him down. On the fifteenth
day we came to another small lake, and as night was com-
ing on we built up a "fire and lay down by it all morning,
when it began to snow, and stormed so hard that we could
not travel. This was the sixteenth day since we escaped
from prison, and had eaten nothing but Cranberries, Water-
cresses and beach-nuts, for fourteen days, (for we had but
one day's provisions when we started.) We were very
hungry, and gathered some black-alder berries which grew
around the lake, and eat them with voracious appetites ; but
they made us very sick, and set us all to vomiting. We then
roasted our shoes as the last resort, and eat them. Our
sick companion we now found was dying, and we laid his
gun down by him and prepared to set off, as it was now
about ten o'clock and had ceased storming. We set out
with heavy hearts, leaving our sick and dying companion
in the wilderness, but still with hopes that we should be able
to reach Cape Pursue. Soon after we saw a large bear, but
as our gun locks had been tied up to secure them from the
*CAPE PURSUE. Possibly Purcell Cove in Halifax Harbour, or
Gaspereux near the lake of same name.
BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION. 13!
storm, and as we were too weak to follow him, he escaped,
and we remained hungry. About two hours before night, to
our very great joy, we came to a fishing house, which we
found belonged to a Mr. Bunker. Here we found Salmon's
heads laying on the floor ; so we made up a fire and broiled
them, and they afforded us a delicious repast.
We were now again near the sea-shore. On going to the
door I saw a flock of ducks in a river close by, and resolved
to have some of them if possible. I fired my musket and
killed one of them, but was obliged to swim in the river to
get it. I took the neck in my mouth and threw the body over
my shoulder, and in this way swam for the shore; but the
current was so strong that it was carrying me fast out to
sea. Capt. Swet and our three companions came down as
soon as possible, and directed me to swim quartering with
the stream. I did so, and reached the shore after being
carried down about a mile. When I reached the shore I
could not stand nor speak for some time; but they rubbed
me until I revived and was able to walk back to the house.
We made a barbacue of the duck and divided it among us
like brothers.
We then shouldered our arms, and set out for Cape Pur-
sue. We had not travelled far before we met two men
with guns. After exchanging salutations, we informed
them we had been in the house eating Salmon's heads, and
they replied that we might have found plenty of Salmon in
the cellar; but considered it fortunate that we had not dis-
covered them, as we would in all probability have killed our-
selves eating. They also informed us that a corporal and
ten British soldiers had been there in pursuit of us three
days before, and that we had made a narrow escape.
We now found that we were near the village, and Capt.
Swet enquired if Captain Foot had lately been to Boston,
and was answered that he had not. We then went on our
course, and reached a house about half a mile from the
village, as it began to grow dark, and asked permission to
stay there that night, which was granted us. It was only
132 BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION.
a quarter of a mile from Capt. Foot's, and it was concluded
that four of should stay where we then were, while Capt.
Swet went on to Capt. Foot's to find lodging, and if possible
to get a passage to Boston. But Capt. Foot declared that he
could not go to Boston that winter, as he was fearful he
would lose his vessel if he did. Capt. Swet then advised us
to go on to East Passage and endeavor to find employment
till spring, when there would doubtless be some American
privateers there that would give us a passage. We arrived
at East Passage5 and agreed to stay one at each house to
work for our victuals. I went to the house of Simeon
Gardner, and the others crossed over the passage and found
employment, one at Solomon Gardner's, one at Mr. Doan's,
and one at Capt. Prince Doan's. I learnt that Capt. Swet
had left the village, and that was the last I ever heard of
him.
Mr. Gardner, with whom I worked, advised to build a
small house back in the Black Spruce Swamp, about a mile
from the settlement, sb that I might be out of danger should
any enemies' vessels arrive in the bay, — which I did. A
British brig, the Hope, from Halifax, commanded by Capt.
Dawson, and mounting sixteen guns, arrived in the bay,
and anchored opposite the house of Mr. Gardner,
and I now found my cabin in the swamp very serviceable,
as it afforded me a comfortable hiding place. I was not dis-
covered, and in a day or two the vessel sailed, and I returned
to my work.
Shortly after a schooner was observed coming through
the passage, which carried American colors ; but I was afraid
to trust to appearances, and again took to my cabin in the
swamp. The schooner proved to be an American privateer
commanded by Capt. Joseph Pratt. I quit my retreat at the
request of one of Mr. Gardner's sons, and went back to the
house of my employer.
[Here ends the Land Journal.]
5EAST PASSAGE, near Dartmouth, Halifax, between the island
and the mainland East Cove of N. S.
BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION. 133
SKETCH
OF THE
LIFE OF BENJAMIN SMITH.
VOYAGE I.
Mr GARDNER recommended me to Captain Pratt6 and
Lieut Henfield7, as a very nice hand among small arms, and
they beset me to go with them on a privateering voyage. I
agreed to go, and received the birth of Master at Arms, with
two shares of whatever prize money we should make. I then
took leave of Mr. Gardner and family, and went on board.
The vessel weighed anchor and went to cruise off Halifax,
but we had not been long on this station before we saw a
large ship standing in for the land, and our crew generally
took her for a merchantman. I went up to the mast-head
6CAPTAiN JOSEPH PRATT, Salem, Lieutenant schooner "Centi-
pere" (privateer). Petition dated Salem, May 22, 1778, signed by
Elias Hasket Derby and Joseph White, of Salem, asking that Sam-
uel Ingersoll be commissioned as Commander of said vessel ; or-
dered in Council, May 23, 1778, that a commission be issued, also
Captain, brigantine "Addition" (privateer). Descriptive list of officers
and crew sworn to June 17, 1780; age, 30 years; stature, 5 feet 3
inches; complexion, dark; residence, Salem; also petition dated
Boston, September 29, 1781, signed by Thomas Saunders, in behalf
of Elias Hasket Derby and others of Salem, asking that said Pratt
be commissioned as Commander of the ship "Grand Turk" (priva-
teer) ; advised in Council, September 29, 1781, that a commission be
issued. (Mass. Soldiers and Sailors in the War of the Revolution,
Vol. XII, 698.)
TCAPTAIN GIDEON HENFIELD. Petition dated Boston, August 3,
1779, signed by Nathaniel Silsbee in behalf of himself and Elias
Hasket Derby, of Salem, asking that said Henfield be commissioned
as Commander of the schooner "Sentipe" ("Centipede") (priva-
teer) ; ordered in Council, August 3, 1779, that a commission be
issued.
Captain Gideon Henfield. Petition dated Salem, May 16, 1780,
signed by Josiah Orne, asking that said Henfield be commissioned
134 BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION.
myself, and knew the ship to be the Rainbow8, a forty-gun
frigate, commanded by Sir George Collier9, which I com-
municated to Capt. Pratt. The ship soon got within gunshot
of us, and opened her port-holes with a tremendous fire;
but the shot flew over us, and we made for the shore so as
to get out of her reach. — We ran the schooner between the
Cranberry Islands, where the ship could not follow us, and
thus we escaped capture10.
Capt. Pratt then steered for Louisburg, determined to
cruise off that place, where we soon arrived, and fell in with
a brig bound to Spanish river, loaded with provisions, small
arms and ammunition. This was in latitude 43 N. The
brig struck her colors without fighting, and we put a prize
master and crew on board, and ordered her to Salem. The
prisoners we brought on board the schooner, and confined.
We then put into Louisburg harbor, where we remained
several days11.
as Commander of the brigantine "Griffin" (privateer) ; ordered in
Council, May 17, 1780, that a commission be issued, also Cap-
tain, list of officers and crew of the brigantine "Griffin", sworn to
May 23, 1780 ; said Henfield rated eight shares, also Captain brigan-
tine "Griffin" (privateer) ; return of prisoners comprising officers
and crews of five privateers belonging to Salem, Marblehead, and
Cape Ann, taken by a British ship of war (year not given) ; also
petition dated Boston, October g, 1780, signed by Elias Sigourney,
in behalf of Nathaniel Silsby and others, of Salem, asking that said
Henfield be commissioned as Commander of the ship "Roe Buck"
(privateer) ; order in Council, October g, 1780, that a commission be
issued. (Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors in the War of the
Revolution, Vol. VII, page 728.)
*-9LossiNG states (II. 640) June i, 1777, the Rainbow, 44 guns,
Sir George Collier, met the Hancock, 32 guns, Captain John Manly,
Continental Navy, accompanied by the Boston, 24 guns, Captain
Hector McNeal ; while Manly was preparing for an attack McNeil
deserted him and the Rainbow captured the Hancock.
"CRANBERRY ISLANDS. A group of five small islands south of
Mount Desert Island.
"LOUISBURG. On the southeast shore of Cape Breton. Cap-
tured by Britain, 1763.
BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION. 135
Shortly after we sailed from Louisburg, we discovered
a vessel bound to Halifax, to which we gave chace, and soon
overhauled. She proved to be a brig from Jamaica laden
with rum and sugar, and surrendered without resistance.
We then manned her, and set sail for Salem, where we ar-
rived in safety with our prizes.
This voyage was attended with few circumstances to
render it interesting ; but as I have set out to give a sketch of
my life, I should not have felt justified in passing it over.
VOYAGE II.
AFTER remaining some time in port, Captain Pratt pro-
posed to his men to take another cruise, which was agreed
to unanimously. The schooner was prepared for sea, and
every officer and man took his former station on board. We
then sailed again for Louisburg, but went through the gut
of Cancer12, and into Mattalena Bay, where we run aground
on a sand bar at about one third ebb tide. — This was likely
to prove a serious accident to us, and by great exertions
we saved the vessel and got her off at flood tide, by carrying
out an anchor towards the channel, and drawing the vessel
up to it by means of the cable13.
We then made sail for the Mattalena Islands, and ran
into a small bay or harbor, where we found a ship and a brig,
both British transports ; but they were not armed and we
found but little difficulty in getting possession of them, as
well as of the island. Capt. Pratt went on shore and in-
formed the gentleman of the island that he had not come to
plunder him, but to take British property, and demanded the
keys of the store-house. He refused to give them up, until
12Gux OF CANCER. Gut of Canso, between Cape Breton Island
and Nova Scotia.
ISMATTALENA BAY and MATTALENA ISLANDS. Magdelen Islands
north of Cape Breton Island.
136 BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION.
capt. Pratt threatened to burn the store-house as well as all
the buildings on the island, if he did not. He then gave up
the keys, and on being requested to give an inventory of the
British property, with an assurance that private property
should not be touched, he declared that there was none but
British property there. So all hands went to work carrying
goods out of the store to load the brig, which was hauled up
to the wharf for that purpose. The loading was completed
in about two hours, when Captain Pratt gave orders to our
boatswain to call the hands, and Lieut. Gideon Henfield to
pick them each out a prize crew to man the ship and brig,
which they did, and we were soon ready to sail. We took
two of the inhabitants to pilot us, and directed the ship and
brig to follow the schooner. As soon as we had cleared the
bar, the two pilots were put on shore, and we made all sail
for Salem with our prizes, and arrived in safety.
Thus this voyage like the first, ended prosperously, with-
out any very interesting occurrences, other than those inci-
dent to any common voyage.
VOYAGE III.
IN the fall of the year 1777, I entered on board a brig
called the Charlotte, commanded by Capt. Pratt, bound to
Cape Francois, Island of St. Domingo, with a cargo of Sal-
mon and Codfish. The first land we made was Turks
Island, and the first port we entered was Port-au-Prince,
where capt. Pratt sold his cargo to a gentleman whose name
was Gallat, and in return he loaded the brig with rum,
sugar, molasses, coffee and cotton; and after remaining
there until the last of March we made sail for Salem, and
again escaped the British cruisers and reached our destined
port in safety14.
"BRIG CHARLOTTE; can find no trace of it.
BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION. 137
VOYAGE IV— in 1778.
AFTER remaining in the port of Salem for a few weeks,
I entered on board the Santapie, a privateer commanded by
Capt. Gideon Henfield, formerly first lieutenant of the
schooner commanded by Capt. Pratt15. We sailed for the
coast of Newfoundland, where we found about thirty fish-
ing smacks, which we disarmed, and enquired what mer-
chant vessels were in the harbor of Prudentia. They an-
swered there were none. We then ordered them to pilot us
into the harbor, declaring that if they ran us aground they
should lose their lives ; but they took us in safe.
It was nearly night, and Mr. Slade, a gentleman of the
town, came down and hailed us with his speaking trumpet;
enquiring the vessel's name, where she was from, her cap-
tain's name, &c. The captain answered, that he was from
St. Johns ; that the vessel was called the Vengeance, and was
commanded by capt. Johnson. "Welcome, welcome, capt.
Johnson," he replied, "come on shore and drink some wine
with me." Capt. Henfield replied, that he had not time that
night, but would be on shore in the morning. Our vessel
was then moored with springs to her cables, in a proper sit-
uation to command the town, ready for the morning's com-
bat.
In the morning we were to be seen ready for action with
the American colors flying at the mast head. The British
soon came down to attack us, and took their station behind
four stacks of codfish on the wharf, when the battle com-
menced. We returned their fire with interest, and in about
half an hour the fish stacks were levelled with the ground.
They then retreated, and we landed and took possession of
the village, around which we placed centinels, — We then
broke open the King's store-house and drew our ship up to
the wharf, to receive a cargo of our enemy's property. A
15PRivATEER SANTAPIE. Centipede, see notes 7 and 8.
138 BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION.
brig from England was in port, with a cargo of beef, pork
and butter, which was not broken up : we manned her and
found her ready to sail.
We could not compleat the lading of the ship before
night, and the captain ordered six men to take their arms
and go round among the guards and give them the counter-
sign, which was Washington. They were also directed to
continue with the guards till morning, and the rest of us
continued to load the ship. By day light we had compleated
our task, when all hands were ordered on board, and we left
the harbor with our prize and booty as soon as we could ; but
before we got out we were attacked by a large number of
the enemy who lay concealed behind some rocks. Here we
had another sharp engagement, but we loaded our cannon
with grapeshot and compelled them to retreat. Our loss
was only one killed and one wounded. As soon as we got
clear of the harbor our pilots were put on shore, and we
again made sail for Salem, where we arrived in safety with
our prize.
VOYAGE V.
I THEN entered on board the schooner Shackle, Captain
Cornelius Thompson, which was bound on a cruise of Hali-
fax16. When in latitude 43 deg. 48 minutes North, we fell in
with a British frigate just at day light. The wind blew very
hard and she ran us very close ; her shot, however, flew over
us, as the high sea prevented her from using any but the
guns on her spar deck. The chase was continued until about
three o'clock in the afternoon, when the wind fell and we
were obliged to resort to our oars and row to the windward.
In this way we gained on the frigate, and night coming on
we shot up our dead lights, so that no guide could be seen
16ScHOONER "SHACKLE", unknown. Captain Cornelius Thomp-
son in 1780 commanded the privateer "Hawk"; in 1781, privateer
"Chase", and in 1782, privateer "Attalanta", but no record is given
of the "Shackle". (Mass. Soldiers and Sailors, XV, 632.)
BENJAMIN SMITH, SFLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION. 139
by the frigate by which to pursue the schooner. In the night
a breeze sprung up, and we kept close haul upon it for some
time, and then bore away before it. We gave our schooner
free sheets, and boomed out our fore-sail and wing. At
day-light nothing was to be seen of the frigate.
Having been so lucky as to escape capture in this instance,
we concluded to try our luck again, and hove the vessel
about and stood for the coast of Halifax. Not long after
we fell in with three schooners and a sloop, to which we gave
chase, and were near coming up with them, when one of the
schooners hove about and stood for us, under British colors.
We then hoisted our American colors, and by this time the
schooner had neared us sufficient to make her shot tell. She
fired her broadside and the battle commenced. We had
warm work for about three quarters of an hour, when our
antagonist sheered off. She had eight carriage guns besides
small arms; and we had six carriage guns, thirteen swivels,
and two cow-horns. We then made sail in chase of the
other two schooners and sloop, and soon came up with the
sloop. She was bound from Halifax to Madagascar, and
loaded with rum. We manned her and gave her orders to
follow us. We then pursued the remainder and captured
them, after a smart chase. They also were from Halifax,
bound for Madagascar, laden with sugar, rum, &c. By this
time the schooner with which we had the engagement again
came up with us and we prepared for another battle, but
she again sheered off, and as we were more anxious to pre-
serve our prizes than to fight, we did not pursue her.
Our loss in this affair was one killed and seven wounded,
whose wounds were dressed, and our vessel and prizes
sailed for Salem, where we again arrived safe with our
prizes. As they were not very valuable, and our prize
money not yet ready, I concluded to take another scruise.
140 BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION.
VOYAGE VI— 1779.
I THEN entered on board the Junius Brutus, a vessel of
18 guns, 18 & 12 pounders, commanded by Capt. John
Brooks17. Twenty-four hours after we had left the harbor
the boatswain called all hands upon deck, and the captain
read to them his orders. We were directed to cruise in
the British Channel, and we laid our course to cross the
Atlantic. Not many days after, a dreadful hurricane came
on, and we were obliged to put our guns down in the hold,
fasten down our hatches with bars and tarpaulin, and scup-
per nails: we hauled down our main and lower top-gallant
yards on deck, and hoisted our fore-topmast and main-top-
mast, slung our main yard by the main tackle, lowered it
away and secured it; when some of the crew cried out that
there was a large ship laying to the leeward of us, dismast-
ed. We righted our helm and let the ship go ahead, for fear
of getting foul of the wreck, but by considerable exertion
we cleared her, when, we down helm and hove to, for the
purpose of making observations about the wreck. She had
not a mast nor a spar standing, nor had she any person on
board. We could not ascertain her name, as the sea ran
high and we could not get a view of her stern, where her
name was no doubt to be found.
17CAPTAiN JOHN BROOKS. Petition dated Salem, February 25,
1778, signed by Elias Hasket Derby, asking that said Brooks be com-
missioned as Commander of the schooner "Scorpion" (privateer) ;
ordered in Council, February 27, 1778, that a commission be issued;
also petition dated Boston, August 23, 1780, signed by William Orne,
in behalf of Josiah Orne and others of Salem, asking that said
Brooks be commissioned as Commander of the ship "Junius Brutus"
(privateer) ; ordered in Council, August 23, 1780, that a commission
be issued, and that said ship cruise along shores of Eastern Massa-
chusetts; also petition dated Boston, June 15, 1782, signed by N.
Goodale, in behalf of Josiah Orne and others of Salem, asking that
said Brooks be commissioned as Commander of the ship "Junius
Brutus" (privateer) ; ordered in Council, June 19, 1872, that a com-
mission be issued. (Mass. Soldiers and Sailors in the War of the
Revolution, II, 575-6.)
BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION. 14!
The storm lasted five days, when we were rejoiced to see
fair weather again. All hands then went to work repairing
damages and getting our guns out of the hold and mount-
ing them on the carriages, which we effected in a short time.
A few days after, the man at the mast head cried out, a
sail ahead! We were now off Cape Clear, Ireland, and as
we were anxious that our arrival on the coast should not
be known, we gave chase and soon overhauled the sail,
which proved to be a brig bound from England to Cork,
laden with empty casks. We took out her crew and cabin
stores and sunk her, to prevent her giving information of
our arrival to the British1*.
Shortly after we discovered three sail under the land's
end : we hoisted British colors and got between them and
the land, when we gave chase and came up with one of
them, a brig, and hoisted our own colors. She was ordered
to strike, and we took possession of her without resistance.
We then gave chase to the other two, a ship and a brig,
and overhauled the brig, of which we took possession, and
then made for the ship. She also was taken, and proved to
be a ship from London bound to Gibralter, laden with pro-
visions. We manned out all the prizes and ordered them
to Salem.
A few days after we got sight of two other brigs, and
gave chase to them. They were overhauled, and proved to
be from Gibraltar bound to England, with a number of
families and their household goods, and a large quantity of
dry goods. The lieutenant of one of the brigs came on
board, and declared that neither of the vessels were more
than half loaded, and begged that the women and children
might be permitted to proceed. Capt. Brooks then directed
his lieutenant to go on board the brigs and demand the in-
ventories of their lading, except the private property.
CLEAR, the most southern headland of Ireland, Munster
county, Cork.
142 BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION.
This being complied with, the goods that were inven-
toried on board the oldest vessel were taken out of her and
put on board of the other; and the families and their prop-
erty, with the crew were taken out of the new brig and put
on board the old one, which was given up to them and suf-
fered to proceed. The new brig was manned out and we
proceeded for Salem.
We had not sailed many days before we were chased by a
British ship, and overhauled. She proved to be the sloop
of war Hornet, of 16 guns, bound to New York as a packet.
Our prize, on board of which I was, was then captured by
the Hornet, & we were all taken prisoners to New York.
To our inexpressible grief we were put on board the Old
Jersey, a large hulk which they had converted into a prison
ship. She lay at a place called the Wallabout, and proved
a scourge to us all. Her keepers were inhuman, and they
appeared to delight in the greatest cruelty. When our
names were called I gave in mine as Benjamin Budd, as I
did not wish to be discovered by my uncle who was a tory
and a British officer; and beside, all my relations on Long
Island were tories, except one uncle and one brother, and I
dreaded them even more than the keepers of the Jersey.
It was now about the last of July, and we were crouded
together in the hold of this floating hell, where we had
neither provisions nor water allowed us in half sufficient
quantities. Those who are acquainted with the effect of
heat upon the lower hold of a large ship, several feet below
the surface of the water, may form some idea of our suf-
ferings when they are told that seven hundred men were
crouded down together promiscuously ,and permitted only
once in twenty four hours to see the light of heaven upon
deck. Those unacquainted with this effect can form no
adequate idea of the sufferings we were compelled to en-
dure by our iron-hearted tyrants. But to those who have
seen and felt the oppression of the old Jersey, the impres-
sion will be lasting, and remain with them through life.
BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION. 143
They can never forget — no, never efface from their remem-
brance, the groans of the dying, the lamentations of the
sick, and the prayers and execrations of those who were yet
able to endure their sufferings without falling a prey to
disease.
We were so crouded that it was impossible to lay down,
unless we lay one upon another. This produced infection,
sickness, and death, and more or less died every night. The
most I recollect to have died in one night was eighteen.
In the morning our cruel oppressors would take up the
hatches and order us upon deck, so they could get up the
dead, which they threw like so many dead hogs into a boat,
and carried them to the land, where they were buried at a
place called Ransom Hill, close by the sea shore, but so
shallow that as the tide rose they were washed out, and
we had the inexpressible horror to see the hogs feasting
upon the dead bodies of our countrymen.
It was there that vengeance, though smothered, took deep
root in the breasts of the Americans, and they were then
more than ever resolved to free their country from oppres-
sion, and their countrymen from chains and death. The
English were our tyrants, and their cruelties urged us to
redress our wrongs. We prayed for liberty, that we might
again give our exertions to shield suffering humanity, and
punish the authors of our own and our country's woes.
After remaining in this situation for five weeks, a cartel
came for the American prisoners, which had been ex-
changed, and Captain Brooks embraced this opportunity
to send for his men. I now regretted having changed my
name ; because when the Prevost Master called the roll, the
name of Benjamin Budd was not to be found, and I dared
not answer to Benjamin Smith, as I had previously given it
in as Benjamin Budd. By this mistake I was pricked as a
dead man, and the cartel returned without me. I rejoiced
for my countrymen but I mourned for myself. I however
144 BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION.
did not give myself up to dispair, but set my wits to work
to plan my escape.
Our diet was a sort of clammy substance called Burgoo19,
made of Oatmeal and sweet oil, which did not suit our
palates at all. But the worst was, we had not even enough
of that.
After contriving many schemes to escape, I proposed that
we should convert a part of our Jack knives into ward-saws,
and attempt to cut off the heads of the rivets which con-
fined the iron bars across the port holes of the ship. This
proposition was embraced, and after much exertion we suc-
ceeded so far as to loosen two of them. We now had things
prepared for an escape, and only waited for a storm to make
the attempt. We stuck the rivet heads on again with pitch
which we scraped from the sides of the Old Jersey, so as
to prevent a discovery.
After remaining in this horrible place for about seven
weeks a storm came and we prepared to escape. A rope
was fastened to the iron bars that went across the port
holes, and by these we lowered ourselves down the side of
the ship into the water — how many attempted to swim in
such a storm for the shore, I know not — five of us landed
nearly together, on Long Island, and attempted to get into
the Jamaica road ; but we were hailed by the Hessian guard,
who cried out "Burdoo?" We immediately altered out
course, and took a circuitous route to get into the road,
which we eventually reached, but without any settled view
of what we were doing or where we were going — all we
then thought of was to escape from the horrors of the
prison ship, which had proved the destruction of so many
of our companions.
We had no clothes on but our shirts, and when day light
began to appear we had got nearly to one Ditmas's, who
was a cousin to my mother. We got upon the haymow and
19BuRGOO. "A thick oatmeal gruel or hulled oats boiled — a dish
made at sea." (Marine Dictionary.)
BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION. 145
lay down, but hunger began to operate dreadfully, and I
resolved to go to the house. I told my companions to re-
main concealed, and if I could get provisions, and not be
arrested, I would come to them — but if not, and I should
be taken up, I would not betray them.
I then went to the house, and found an old lady and a
negro boy. I saluted her in Dutch, but she appeared to be
frightened, and said who are you? I informed her and that
I had escaped from the Old Jersey prison ship, and begged
for protection and something to eat — but instead of grant-
ing my prayer she ordered the negro boy to call his master.
— When he came he demanded who I was and where I
came from, which I answered, and begged that he would
afford me relief. But the hard hearted wretch ordered the
negro boy to run for master John, who I soon found was
John Ditmas20. He came accompanied by two men armed,
and I was arrested and carried to the head quarters of the
King's dragoons, commanded by Major Murray, a native
of New England, who was commissioned by General Lord
Howe. He put me under guard, and the next day my com-
rades were also taken, and brought to major Murray. I
was then brought up, and after an examination as to the
manner of our getting away was ordered back to the guard
house21.
The next day I was again brought out, and major Mur-
ray required me to enlist into the British service, or in case
of refusal sentenced me to receive five hundred lashes, and
be put on board of a man of war, as a punishment for hav-
ing dared to escape from his majesty's prison ship. I an-
swered that I would never fight against my countrymen —
20JoHN J. DITMAS, of Long Island, New York, who was a Tory
and went to Nova Scotia, dying there 1829, aged 97. (Sabine, I, 381.)
21DANiEL MURRAY, of Brookfield, Mass., son of John. Harvard,
A. B., 1771 ; Princeton, M. A., 1773 ; Major of the King's American
Dragoons ; banished as a Tory, 1778 ; member New Brunswick As-
sembly, 1792; died Portland, Maine, 1832. (Sabine, II, 117.)
146 BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION.
that I was a freeman fighting for Liberty, and would not
risk my life for tyrants. He then ordered me back to the
guard house, and the next morning the soldiers came to me
and begged that I would enlist to avoid the punishment
which awaited me. But to their entreaties I gave the same
answer, for I remembered the prison ship, and felt the
greatest abhorrence for the authors of my own and my
country's wrongs.
The punishment was now resolved upon, and 500 lashes
on my naked back was deemed by these brutes in human
shape not too great an infliction for obeying the dictates of
nature, and attempting to escape from worse than Algerine
bondage. At three o'clock in the afternoon I was brought
out, and ordered to drink a half pint of rum. I was then
taken to the place of punishment, where the soldiers formed
a ring with the whipping post in the centre. The adjutant
then proclaimed the sentence, which was 500 lashes on my
naked back. They then tied me up and extended my arms
so much that I thought I must expire even before the whip-
ping commenced — my legs they also tied to the post, to
prevent my struggling, when their barbarous cruelty com-
menced.
The Drummer on my right gave me twenty-five lashes —
then the Drummer on the left gave me twenty-five more —
and in this way they whipped alternately until I received
four hundred lashes, when my senses left me and I fainted.
When I came to myself I was laying on the grass and four
soldiers standing round me. They said I had received 49
lashes after I had fainted, when they thought me dead and
the whipping ceased. They helped me on with my shirt,
and took me to the hospital, where I found a Sergeant of
the Dragoons who had received 100 lashes for neglect of
duty and intoxication. I concluded, beaten and cut up as I
was, that no expectation would be entertained of my at-
tempting to escape, and I resolved to get away the same
night. I prevailed upon the Sergeant and the other men to
BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION. 147
go with me, and we steered for Cowneck harbor, where we
found a boat, which we entered, and rowed to get out of
the harbor, before day. This we had nearly effected when
we heard the cocks crowing, and saw the day beginning to
break. We sprung to our oars, and by the time it was day-
light we had got two thirds of the way across the sound.
The British on City Island discovered us, and sent a whale
boat after us, but they soon gave up the chase. We landed
at a stone house in Horseneck Creek, where we found four
men, and after conversing a while with them we rose to de-
part, when we were taken by a party of American light-
horse under Major Sheldon22. They asked where we were
from : — we answered, from Long Island. They demanded
how we got there, and we pointed to our boat. We were
then informed that we were on the British lines, and Major
Sheldon sent us to General Waterbury, who examined us
one by one, and declared that if it was not for Gen. Wash-
ington's proclamation, he would have us hung23.
I then gave him a more particular account of myself, of
my enlistment, capture, escape from Halifax; my voyage
at sea, and capture on board the prize ; of our being on board
the prison ship and our escape from there, of our being taken
by Major Murray; of my being whipped and again escap-
ing; and to confirm my statement I shewed him my lacer-
ated back. He then directed the quarter master to give me
an oil cloth to put on my back, and also a coat, jacket, trow-
sers, shirt, shoes and hat.
The General then directed me to rest myself, and call
upon him the next morning, when he gave me a pass to go
to Boston or Salem, with a recommendation to be furnished
with victuals and lodging on the road; and after ordering
"MAJOR ELISHA SHELDON, of Connecticut. Major Connecticut
Light Horse, June, 1/76; Colonel 2d Continental Dragoons, Decem-
ber, 1776-1783. (Heitman, 363 and 422.)
23GENEREAL DAVID WATERBURY. Colonel Fifth Connecticut
Regiment, 1775; Brigadier General, 1776-1783; died June 29, 1801.
148 BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION.
me some necessaries for my journey, be bade me set out. I
arrived at Salem without any accident, where I found Capt.
Pratt ready to sail on a cruise in the Grand Turk, a ship of
1 8 guns, eighteen and twelve pounders, and I agreed to take
my old station of Armorer and Master at Arms, and go
with him.
VOYAGE VII— 1780 & 1781.
I NOW entered on board the ship Grand Turk, owned
by John and Asket Darby, and commanded by my former
captain, Joseph Pratt24. The vessel sailed on Sunday after-
noon, and on Monday morning by day-light the man at the
mast-head cried out, a sail to leeward! The lieutenant went
himself aloft, and found that there were two vessel, one a
brig, the other a schooner. All hands were then ordered
upon deck to receive orders, and the helmsman bore away
for the purpose of overhauling them. The yards were
squared by the lifts and the braces, the fore and main royals
were hove out of the beckets and hoisted, the stay sail
booms set, and the tower and top mast scudding sails fixed
with the breeze. We then gave chase, and by three o'clock
in the afternoon came up with the brig. Capt. Pratt hailed
her, demanding to know where she was from and who com-
manded her. He was answered that she was from Halifax,
bound on a cruise, and that she was commanded by Capt.
Moyatt. Capt. Pratt ordered him to haul down his colors,
and strike to the United States of America; but the de-
mand was answered by a full broadside, which we returned.
We then gave three cheers, and the battle began in good
earnest; but we soon found that we gave her three broad-
sides to two, and after a sharp contest she struck her colors,
and we took possession of our prize. The prisoners were
24SHip GRAND TURK. Ship of 300 tons, built by Elias Hasket
Derby, 20 guns. In 1781 she went to the Cape of Good Hope with a
cargo of rum. See interesting account of her in Harper's Maga-
zine, LXXIII, p. 612. Also McClay's History of American Priva-
teers, 391-400, during the War of 1812.
BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION. 149
brought on board the Grand Turk and secured in irons,--
and on going on board the brig we found fourteen Ameri-
can prisoners confined in irons below; these we quickly
liberated, but they had been plundered even to their last
shirt, by the British.
The prize was then manned and ordered for Salem, and
we gave chase to the schooner, which we came up with and
took, and then made the best of our way to Salem, as a con-
voy to the prizes.
In this engagement we had none killed, and but one, a
boy, wounded through the palm of his hand. The enemy
lost nine killed and seventeen wounded. The brig carried
18 guns, 9 and 12 pounders, and was not therefore an equal
match for the Grand Turk in point of metal. Our rigging
was much damaged, but our other injuries were slight. We
soon made the necessary repairs, and were again ready for
sea.
VOYAGE VIII.
It was now the spring of 1780, and we again set sail from
the harbor of Salem. After we had been out 24 hours all
hands were called upon deck, when our orders were read.
The ship was directed to proceed to the English channel,
and the prizes we should make in our cruise were to be sent
to Spain.
Our voyage across the Atlantic was prosperous. The
first land we made was Cape Clear, Ireland, and a few days
afterwards we saw a large ship standing in for the land.
We gave chase and took her, and found she was from
Jamaica bound to Plymouth. She was manned and or-
dered to Spain. — A brig was now in sight, and we had little
trouble in getting possession of her — she was from New-
foundland bound to Plymouth, with a cargo of oil and cod-
fish. We now had two prizes in company, and did not
wish to be encumbered with the prisoners. — Capt. Pratt
told the English Captains that if they would give him a sig-
nal for a pilot he would let them go ashore, as we were
I5O BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION.
bound for Spain and presumed they did not wish to go
among the Spaniards. They gave him a signal, which was
hoisted, and two pilot boats came out, on board of which
we put the prisoners and let them depart.
We then stood for our prizes, and were making the best
of our way for Spain, when the man at the mast-head cried
out, a sail! — a large fleet! — to the windward! The fleet was
escorted by two frigates, one of which gave chase and spoke
to one of our prizes, but what answer was given I could not
learn. However the frigate hove about and stood for the
fleet, and we hove about and stood for our prizes. We
then bore away for Corunna, and when we reached that
port a gun was fired for a pilot, but none came. Our boat
was then sent on shore and returned with a pilot, who told
us the reason they did not come before, was, that they did
not understand our signal. The pilot conducted the Grand
Turk into Corunna, and our two prizes followed: he in-
formed us that several British cruisers were on the coast.
Capt. Pratt hired a Spaniard to conduct Lieut. Gideon
Henfield to Bilboa, to a Mr. Gordackey's25, the prize-agent at
that place ; and in a few days a Spanish frigate arrived off
Corunna for the purpose of conducting us to Bilboa, at
which place we arrived safe. Our prizes were sold and we
received our prize-money; but difficulties soon arose be-
tween the Spaniards and the crew of the Grand Turk, and
got to such a height that Capt. Pratt was ordered by the
police to keep his men on board, to prevent further mischief,
This confinement would have been disagreeable at any time ;
but to sailors who had just received their prize money, it
26GoRDACKY. James Gardoqui, or Don Diego Gardoqui, of the
firm of James Gardoqui & Co., Bilboa, Spain. This house was from
the beginning of the War to 1783 the American agents in Spain.
James Gardoqui wrote to Arthur Lee, from Madrid, February 17,
1777: "Sir. My person and house, in a commercial way, are well
known in the American colonies, not only on account of our long
standing correspondence of thirty to forty years, but also on that of
the true affection with which we have endeavored to serve them."
(Wharton's Diplomatic Correspondence of the Revolution, Vols. 2,
3, 4. etc.)
BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION. 15!
was intolerable. However we staid there all winter, and
two of us, Charles Doughty and myself, left the Grand
Turk and entered on board a Spanish schooner bound to
Bayonne, where we arrived safe. My companion and my-
self going on shore without permission, were seized by the
guard, and carried before an officer. We were somewhat
frightened, but we told him our story, and that we wished
to get to Bordeaux. He gave us a pass and permitted us to
proceed. We hired horses and a waiter, and went to Bor-
deaux, where we found a French fleet ready to sail for the
West-Indies, and I resolved to go to sea again.
VOYAGE IX.
I THEN entered on board a ship called the Bellecomb,
Capt. Mesheppenjole. She>was a merchant vessel, and one
of the fleet then prepared for sea in Bordeaux harbor.
Shortly after we set sail, and had scarcely got out to sea
before we were overtaken by a most tremendous storm.
All the lanthorns of the fleet were hoisted, that we might
keep the ships from running foul of each other. But not-
withstanding all the exertions of the crews, two of the ships
foundered, and all on board were lost. — Several were driven
on shore and wrecked, and all were more or less damaged.
After the storm abated we made for the port again and
came to anchor; and every one was busy either in repairing
his own vessel or giving assistance to others.
While thus engaged, an American frigate of 40 guns,
called the RELIANCE, commanded by Capt. BARRY, arrived
26RELiANCE. This should be the "Alliance", a frigate of 32
guns, built in Philadelphia, commanded by Captain John Barry,
afterwards Commodore. She was among the earliest vessels of the
Continental Navy, and with the Deane and one other the last of
that navy at the Declaration of Peace in 1783. She carried Lafay-
ette to France in 1779. Colonel Laurens also to France, 1781, and
had her last battle in 1782 with the Sibyl. She became a merchant
vessel and was sold, 1790, and broken up, her remians lying for
years on Petty's Island in the Delaware. A piece of her timber,
which the Editor secured when a boy, forms part of the gavel used
by this Society.
152 BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION.
in the roads, and brought the glad tidings of PEACE and
INDEPENDENCE for our country; that a treaty was
signed, and the war at an end between the United States
and Great Britain.
At this news I was much rejoiced, and I almost thought
myself among my own countrymen, to see and hear the re-
joicings of the French people. — The fleet had troops on
board to reinforce the army in America, which were to be
carried out by the frigates after touching at the West
Indies. But they were again landed, as the peace rendered
their services unnecessary.
Capt. Mesheppenjole was then directed to proceed to the
West Indies along with the fleet, which was again ready to
sail. Nothing material occurred until we arrived off Porto
Rico, where, in attempting to enter the harbor two of our
ships ran on the rocks and were wrecked, but the crews and
most of the cargoes were saved. The fleet took on board a
supply of wood and water and sailed for Cape Francois,
which it reached in safety.
I forgot to mention that on our passage from France we
met the French fleet under Monsieur Tournay, returning
from America. It consisted of fifteen sail, and I viewed it
as part of the armament which had secured our country's
independence. Salutes and salutations were exchanged, and
the fleets parted, looking as though their very sails felt
proudly triumphant. I was at that moment happy, and felt
conscious that I had contributed my part to bring about that
which seemed to impart happiness to all around me.
At Cape Francois I expressed a wish to return home, but
as there were no American vessels at that port, I was advised
to go to Port au Prince. — The French supplied me with pro-
visions and put me in the direct road, and I marched across
the Island to my destined port. I arrived in safety, and was
much gratified to find a ship for Salem called the Two
Brothers, commanded by Captain Gideon Henfield, and
manned by some of my privateering companions. The cap-
tain and crew were glad to see me, and I quickly got a
BENJAMIN SMITH, SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION. 153
birth as a hand to work the ship to Salem. We set sail and
found a short and pleasant voyage home. We entered the
port in safety, and I was now once more in my native land ;
and that land too, a free and independent nation. I re-
solved to quit the seas and return home, as I had suffered
much and wished for repose.
After staying a short time in Salem I came on to Boston,
where Governor Hancock gave me a pass to New York ; and
when I got to New York the Police gave me a pass to Long
Island.
SINCE then my life has been much chequered with evil
and some accompanying good. After a variety of incidents,
many of which were very fortunate for my pecuniary affairs,
I removed to the State of Pennsylvania, where I now reside.
I have a large family who live with me in the township of
Exeter, Luzerne county, a part of what was formerly called
Wyoming. — This spot, I expect, will furnish me with a nar-
row house, for I never calculate to leave it but in death.
When that event comes, I shall be as rich as any; — yes, I
shall then be in that situation appointed by the King of
Kings to prostrate pride and wealth, and render all mankind
equal — in the grave !
I have thus given a brief account of my life, and of my
sufferings in the cause of Freedom. I regret them not. — I
see my country prosperous and happy; my fellow-citizens
free, and in general contented, — and although fortune has
not crowned me with affluence, yet, blessed be the great
Giver of all, my wants are few, and with little I am con-
tented.
Fellow-citizens, farewell. — I shall soon descend to the last
home of all, and all I have to bequeath, you have already got
— my best exertions to render you "free, soverign, and inde-
pendent." May you long enjoy these blessings, and may all
the virtues which can exist in the human breast, be with
you through life, descending to your children, and your
childrens children, even to the end of time. Again I say
FAREWELL.
154 VITAL STATISTICS WYOMING PENN^A NO. 2.
VITAL STATISTICS WYOMING PENN'A NO. 2.
MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE OF
ASHER MINER TO MARY WRIGHT.
"This may certify that Asher Miner & Mary
Wright both of Wilkesbarre having the concent
of friends and no obgections appearing, were
joined in marriage each to the other before me
on the nineteenth day of May one thousand
Eight hundred — Witnefs my hand & seal."
Wm Rofs.
In Presence of the
undersigned Witnefses
Thomas Wright
Mary Wright
Joseph Wright
Josiah Wright
William Wright
Thomas Wright, Jr.
Lord Butler
William Caldwell
Rosewell Welles
Benjamin Drake
Letitia Wrights
Hannah Weell
Eliza Rofs
Sarah Wright
Anna Ditto
(L.L.)
"In conformation whereof they have
hereunto set their hands,
She according to the custom of
marriage afsuming the name
of her husband"
ASHER MINER
MARY MINER.
The original certificate is preserved in the Wyoming Historical- Geological
Society.
THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN'S
PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH.
WILKES-BARRE, PA.
FROM ITS FOUNDATION IN 1814
TO 1850.
In publishing the -Vital Records of this large and impor-
tant Parish it is not deemed necessary to give a history of
the Church and Parish. That work was done by Rev. Mr.
Hayden some years ago and will be found in St. Stephen's
"Parish Guest", in "Hotchkin's Country Clergy of Penn-
sylvania, 1890," and also in "King's Handbook of Notable
Churches in the United States, 1889." The Parish was in-
corporated September 14, 1817, the first services being held
in the old Wilkes-Barre Academy as early as 1814 by that
"Apostle of the Northwest", Rev. Jackson Kemper, later
one of the leading Bishops of the Church in the United
States. The first baptism recorded occurred December,
1814. The vital statistics here given will cover the list of
Communicants from that date to 1864, as good a census
as exists of a part of the religious population of Wilkes-
Barre in those years ; the baptisms until 1859 ; the marriages
until 1867 ; the deaths until 1866. The thanks of the Society
are due to the present Rector, Rev. Henry L. Jones,
S. T. D., for the privilege of publishing these Vital Sta-
tistics. They are copied from the Register verbatim, etc.
In Volume IV of the Proceedings of this Society the
"History of the First Presbyterian Church" of Wilkes-
Barre, written by Sheldon Reynolds, Esq., was published,
and in Volume VI the Vital Statistics from 1803 to 1830. The
Publishing Committee will be very glad to publish the Vital
Statistics of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Wilkes-
Barre some time in the future. The ministerial records of
many of the old clergy in the Wyoming Valley have been
lost. But as soon as the Editor can find time to go over the
manuscript of Rev. Davis Dimmock, kindly deposited by his
granddaughter, Mrs. Katherine S. McCartney, the baptisms,
marriages and burials of this early missionary in the Wyo-
ming section will also be printed by this Society.
The two illustrations here given of St. Stephen's Church
and the Chancel are from drawings by the late General
Edmund L. Dana. The originals are in the possession of
the Wyoming Historical-Geological Society.
HORACE EDWIN HAYDEN.
156 THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN'S.
CHARTER OF INCORPORATION OF ST. STEPHEN'S CHURCH,
WILKES-BARRE.
Whereas the following named persons, citizens of this
Commonwealth, viz., Ebenezer Bowman, Roswell Welles,
Henry Clymer, Peleg Tracy, Samuel Bowman, George Den-
ison, Charles Catlin, Garrick Mallery, Eleazer Blackman,
Thomas B. Overton, Andrew Beaumont, Benjamin Perry,
Isaac A. Chapman, Thomas Dyer, Patrick Hepburn, Joseph
Slocum, Daniel Collins, John Evans, Daniel Colklazier, Jr.,
Charles Miner, Jacob J. Dennis, Benjamin Drake, Steuben
Butler, John P. Arndt, George Cahoon, John L. Butler,
Pierce Butler, John J. Ward, Stearne Palmer, Samuel Maf-
fet, Isaac Bowman, Brittania D. Barnes, Ashbel Wilson,
Lewis Hepburn, Arnold Colt, Jefse Fell, Edwin Tracy,
Abiel Abbott, C. Fuller, Jonathan Hancock, William Brown,
have together with other citizens afsociated for the purpose
of worshipping Almighty God, according to the faith and
discipline of the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United
States of America, and have for that purpose formed a con-
gregation at Wilkes-Barre, in Luzerne county, and are now
desirous to be incorporated agreeably to the provisions of
the Act of the General Assembly of Pennsylvania, entitled
"An Act to confer on certain afsociations of the citizens of
this Commonwealth, the powers and immunities of corpora-
tions or bodies politic in law." They therefore declare the
following to be the objects, articles, and conditions of their
said afsociation, agreeably to which they desire to be incor-
porated, viz. :
FIRST. The name of the Corporation shall be, THE REC-
TOR, CHURCH WARDENS AND VESTRYMEN OF ST. STEPHEN'S
CHURCH, WILKES-BARRE.
SECOND. This Church acknowledges itself to be a mem-
ber of and to belong to the Protestant Episcopal Church in
the State of Pennsylvania, and the Protestant Episcopal
Church in the United States of America. As such it ac-
cedes to, recognizes, and adopts the Constitution of that
Church, and acknowledges its authority accordingly. Any
member of this Church or Corporation who shall disclaim
or refuse conformity to the said authority, shall cease to be
a member of this corporation and shall not be elected or
vote in the election for vestryman, or exercise any office or
function in, concerning or connected with the said Church
or Corporation.
THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN S. 157
THIRD. The rents and revenues of this corporation shall
be from time to time applied for the maintenance and sup-
port of the Rector, Ministers and Officers of the said
Church, and in the erection and necefsary repairs of the
Church and Churchyard, and parsonage house and other
houses which now do, or hereafter shall belong to the said
corporation, and to no other use or purpose whatsoever.
FOURTH. The said corporation shall not by deed, fine or
recovery, or by any other means, without the assent of the
convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the State
of Pennsylvania or of the Standing Committee of the Dio-
cese, previously had and obtained, grant, alien, or other-
wise dispose of any lands, messuages, tenements or here-
ditaments in them vested, no charge, no encumber the same
to any person or persons, whomsoever.
FIFTH. The Rector of this Church shall be elected by
the Church Wardens and Vestrymen, in such manner as
the statutes and by-laws shall ordain. The Vestry of the
said Church shall consist of Twelve persons, members of
the said Church, who shall continue in office for one year
and until others be chosen, and the election of such vestry
shall be made every year on Easter Monday, by a majority
of such members of the said Church as shall appear by the
vestry books to have paid two succefsive years immediately
preceding the time of such election for a pew or sitting
in the said Church : provided, that until the next Easter
Monday after the expiration of five years from the date of
this charter, members of the said Church who shall in any
way have contributed to the erection of the Church, or to
the support of the Rector or Ministers thereof, shall be
entitled to vote at the election of Vestrymen. And provided
that in case of failure to elect Vestrymen on that day, the
corporation shall not on that account be dissolved, but the
election shall be holden on some other day, in such manner
as the by-laws may prescribe.
SIXTH. No person shall be the Rector or Afsistant Min-
ister of this Church, unlefs he shall have had episcopal or-
dination, and unlefs he be in full standing with the Protes-
tant Episcopal Church of the State of Pennsylvania and of
the United States, and recognized as such by the Bishop of
this diocese, or in case of a vacancy, by the standing com-
mittee of the same.
158 THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN'S.
SEVENTH. The said Vestry shall have full power to
choose their own officers : and they shall annually at their
first meeting after their election choose one of their own
number to be one Church Warden, and the Rector for the
time being shall elect another of the said Vestrymen to be
the other Church Warden of the said Church.
In case of a vacancy in the office of Rector at the time
of the election, the other Church Warden shall also be
chosen by the Vestry, to remain until the election of a rector
or a new election of the Vestry. And during such vacancy,
the Church Wardens for the time being and Vestrymen,
shall have the same powers and authorities relating to the
disposition of the rents and revenues of the said corporation,
as are hereby vested in the Rector, Church Wardens, and
Vestrymen. Provided always, that it shall be the duty of
the said Church Wardens and Vestrymen to elect another
Rector to supply the vacancy as soon as conveniently
may be.
EIGHTH. The following named persons to be the Church
Wardens, and Vestrymen to continue in office until the elec-
tion on Easter Monday next, and until others be chosen, viz :
Ebenezer Bowman,* Henry Clymer, Wardens Rosewell
Welles, Peleg Tracy, Benjamin Drake, Garrick Mallery,
Eleazer Blackman, Andrew Beaumont, Samuel Bowman,
Jacob J. Dennis, John Lord Butler and Samuel Maffet.
NINTH. In case of the dissolution of this corporation
for any cause whatever, the lands, tenements, and other
estate real and personal, belonging thereto, shall vest in the
Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in whose dio-
cese this Church may at the time be, and his successors,
to be by him and them held in trust for the benefit of a
future congregation of members of the Protestant Episco-
pal Church, which may be formed in the same neighbour-
hood, and upon the same principles as the present church
and this corporation. —
Ebenr Bowman.. Roswell Welles.. Henry Clymer, Jefse
Fell.. Samuel Bowman.. Geo. Denison... Garrick Mallery..
Andrew Beaumont.. Benja Perry.. Thomas Dyer.. Jacob J.
Dennis.. Peleg Trace.. Charles Catlin..Thos B. Overton.. Ben-
jamin Drake.. John P. Arndt. John L. Butler, Pierce But-
ler.. Isaac A. Chapman.. Jonathan Hancock.. Charles Miner..
Steuben Butler.. John J. Ward.. George Chahoon.. Sterne
THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN'S. 159
Palmer, Patrick Hepburn, Daniel Collins.. Joseph Slocum..
Samuel Maffet.. William Brown.. John Evans.. Isaac Bow-
man. B. D. Barnes, Ashb1 B. Wilson. J. L. Hepburn.. Arnold
Colt.. Edwin Tracy. Abiel Abbott.. Chas. Fuller. Daniel
Colckglaser Junr.. Eleaser Blackman.
I, the subscriber, attorney-general for the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania, do certify that I have perused and exam-
ined the above instrument, and am of opinion, that the ob-
jects, articles, and conditions therein set forth and con-
tained, are lawful.
AMOS ELLMAKER,
Harrisburg Sept. 2d 1817..
We the Subscribers, Judges of the Supreme Court of
Pennsylvania, do hereby certify, that we have perused and
examined the above instrument, and concur with the Attor-
ney-general in his opinion, that the objects, articles, and
conditions therein set forth are lawful.
Sept 24, 1817 WM. TILGHMAN
JOHN B. GIBSON,
THOS DUNCAN
PENNSYLVANIA, fs.
In the name and by the authority of the
SIMON SNYDER. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Simon
Snyder. Governor of said Commonwealth
Seal. to Nathaniel B. Boileau Esqr secretary of
said Commonwealth. Greeting.
Whereas it has been duly certified to me by the Attorney-
general of this Commonwealth, and by the Judges of the
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, that they have respectively
perused and examined the above instrument, for the incor-
poration of "St Stephens Church Wilkes-Barre and that
they concur in opinion, that the objects, articles and condi-
tions therein set forth and contained are lawful : Now know
Ye, that in pursuance of an Act of the general assembly of
this Commonwealth, passed on the sixth day of April A. D.
1791 entitled "An Act to confer on certain associations of
the citizens of this Commonwealth, the powers and immuni-
ties of corporations or bodies politic in law," I have trans-
mitted the said instrument of incorporation unto you, here-
by requiring you to enrol the same at the expense of the
applicants. To the intent that, according to the objects,
i6o
THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN S.
articles, and conditions therein set forth and contained, the
parties may become and be a corporation and body politic
in law, and in fact; to have continuance by the name, style
and title in the said instrument provided and declared.
Given under my hand and the great seal of the State, at
Harrisburg, this seventh day of October, in the year of our
Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventeen.
BY THE GOVERNOR,
JAMES TRIMBLE,
Deputy Secy
Enrolled in the office of the Secretary of the Common-
wealth in Book No. 2 page 313.. which contains a record of
Acts incorporating divers religious charitable and literary
societies under the authority of the Act aforesaid. Witnefs
my hand and the lessor seal of the State at Harrisburg, this
ninth day of October in the year of our Lord, one thousand
eight hundred and seventeen.
JAMES TRIMBLE
Deputy Sec^ Seal.
COMMUNICANTS OF ST. STEPHEN S CHURCH,
PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL,
WILKES-BARRE, PA.
1828—1864.
TRANSCRIBED MARCH 27, 1828.
March 27, 1828.
Mrs. Esther Bowman, d. July 21, 1848, ae. 70.
" Mary Bowman.
Anna M. Overton.
Hannah Tracy.
Leffingwell, dead, removed.
Lydia Trott, removed to Philadelphia, 1856.
Harriet Bowman, removed.
Catherine Scott.
Abi Dennis, died in peace and joy, 1847.
Phebe Young, d. July 21, 1839.
Jane Green, removed.
Eyewater, removed.
Mary Perry, d. 1836.
Hannah B. Bettle, removed to Bloomsburg.
Catherine Flake, removed 1831.
THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN'S. l6l
Mrs. Elizabeth Lee, (Nanticoke, 1840) d. Dec. 8, 1866.
" Campbell.
" Streater, removed.
Miss Nancy Hancock (Mrs. Haff) removed 1831.
" Catherine E. Haines (Mrs. Wright) removed to
Wisconsin 1852.
" Abigail Haines (now Mrs. Drake).
" Jane Campbell (Nanticoke, 1840) d. Nov. 30, 1864.
" Sarah McCoy, removed.
" Melicent Lane, removed to Baltimore.
February 3, 1828.
Mrs. Ann Robinson, d. May u, 1856.
" Sarah Sharpe, removed to Summit Hill, 1856.
Miss Ellen S. Bowman (Mrs. May) removed.
" Sarah Elizabeth Trott (Mrs. Woodward).
Mrs. Christiana Rufsell, d. 1831.
April 27, 1828.
Mrs. Frances Lamb, removed South, 1853.
" Julian Beaumont.
January n, 1829.
Mrs. Ruth Ann Conyngham.
" Sarah Ray (Coloured) removed to Towanda.
David Scott, d. Dec. 29, 1839.
Darius Williams, Junr., removed.
Dr. Charles Streater (Warden p. 20 years) d. Oct. 10,
1863.
William Thomas, left.
John Michael Keinzle, b. 1769, May 28, gone to Presby-
terian Church.
Davis, d. 1830.
February 3, 1828.
Richard Sharpe, d. 1836.
George C. Drake (now Rev'd) removed.
April 27, 1828.
Alsop Welles, removed.
October 3, 1830.
David N. Scott.
Miss Melinda Graves, removed.
April 22, 1832.
Miss Jane Capwell, Easter, removed.
" Nancy Rafferty, (now Mrs. Mills) d.
December 25, 1832.
Mrs. Caroline B. Denison.
l62 THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN'S.
Mr. Delofs Rose, removed.
Alex Shiras, (now Rev.) removed, studied Theology.
Charles I. Vernet, removed.
Mrs. Nancy Mills.
March 30, 1834.
Mr. Davidson.
Mrs. Lucy E. Miner, died in the triumphs of a Christian
faith, May 15, 1842.
" Betsy Schriber (now Mrs. Eiger).
Mr. Levi Burr, removed, 1841.
Wm. B. Norton, taken to his rest after a painful illness, d.
July 20, 1842.
1835.
Charlotte Lane (Mrs. W. H. Butler)
Mrs. Edwards, removed 1851.
Houton B. Robinson, removed and returned April u,
1847.
Mrs. Ruth Rofs.
April 3, 1836.
Jacob Detrick, removed to Iowa, 1856.
Mrs. Hannah Detrick, removed to Iowa in 1856.
Mrs. Mary Scott, d.- May, 1862.
Mifs Mary B. Overton.
Mr. H. H. Wells, removed 1856 to N. Y., returned 1860.
Christmas, 1835.
Mrs. Mary Wells, d. 1862 in Wisconsin.
Mrs. Rachel Le Clerc, d. Sept. n, 1856.
Mrs. Mary Norton.
December 26, 1836.
Mrs. Ann Wurts, removed.
Mifs Rebecca I. Perry.
Mrs. Martha Ann Kidder.
Miss Martha Bettle (now Mrs. Sisty) removed to
Bloomsburg.
December 25, 1838.
Mrs. A. H. Clark, removed to Snow Hill, Md.
Miss Frances Butler (Mrs. Alex. Shiras) removed),
Berry ville, Va., 1840.
August ii, 1839.
Miss Elizabeth Scott (m. Rev. R. B. Claxton), removed
to W. Chester, 1846.
Mr. Jenks N. Sherman, living in Abingdon, removed to
R. I.
THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN'S. 163
September, 1839.
Miss E. F. M. Jackson, removed to West Indies, 1844.
October 6, 1839.
Miss Catherine Scott, d. May 28, 1857.
December 25, 1839.
Mrs. Sarah Myers.
Miss Jane Myers.
" Harriet Myers (Mrs. Eichelberger), married and
removed to Va., June n, 1845.
George W. Woodward, removed to Phila., 1856.
Volney Lee Maxwell, transferred to St. Paul, Blooms-
burg.
John Carrington Dunn, removed to Susquehanna Co.
Mary Dunn.
Mrs. Susan Creary, living at Salem, removed 1847.
April 19, 1840.
John N. Conyngham, d. 1871.
Mrs. Sarah Overholtz, d. Sept. 23, 1855.
Mrs. Streater, d. June 19, 1888.
Mrs. Hannah Tracy, d. Sept. 1846.
Miss Elizabeth Streater (Mrs. G. D. Miles), d. Sept. 16,
1864.
Mrs. Lucy Ann Ingham.
Mrs. Ann Vernet, d. Oct. n, 1859.
Mrs. Stott, removed to Carbondale, 1841.
Mr. William Kingston Morris, d. 1846.
November i, 1840.
Mrs. Lydia M. Maxwell.
Miss Mary Bowman, from the Presbyterian Church.
Miss Catherine E. Haines, removed to Wisconsin, June,
1852, now Mrs. Wright.
February 25, 1841.
Mrs. Ann D. Slocum, Tunkhannock.
May 30, 1841.
Mrs. Rebecca D. Chapman, transferred to Pittston.
Mrs. Harriet Holland, removed 1856, d. Mauch Chunk,
May 13, 1867, ae. 78.
September 19, 1841.
Mrs. Caroline P. Claxton, d. Feb. 21, 1843.
Mr. Frederick McAlpin, d. Aug. 3, 1854.
February 6, 1842.
Miss Sarah H. Peters (now Mrs. E. L. Dana), d. April
25, 1889.
164 THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN'S.
James Linch, d. May 9, 1842.
March 27, 1842.
DeWitt Clinton Loop, candidate for Orders.
Edmund L. Dana, from the Presbyterian Church.
Dennis Quillinan.
Mrs. Swanwick, from Easton, Pa., removed 1845.
Mrs. Elizabeth Dewart Miner, from West Chester.
June 5, 1842.
Mrs. Charlotte M. Foster.
August 7, 1842.
Mrs. Mary Dille, d. 1846.
Thomas Robert Prestidge, from Ireland, removed to N.
Y., Aug. i, 1843.
John Wallace, d. in mine, May 24, 1843.
Assheton Claxton, from Marietta, removed to Phila. April
6, 1847-
October 2, 1842.
Abraham Thorpe, from Troy, removed to Conn., Jan. 13,
1844.
Mrs. Sarah Tracy, removed to Springville.
December 25, 1842.
Mrs. Esther Morris, removed 1845.
Mr. Wm. W. Wallace, removed near Harrisburg.
Miss Jane White, m. Mr. Fry, united with Methodist Ch.
Miss Mary Ann Hutchins, m. Mr. Klipple.
April 16, 1843.
Mrs. Davidge.
Mrs. Mary Ann B. Wright.
Mrs. Mary Sinyard, from Ireland, m. Mr. Patterson, re-
moved.
Mifs Jane R. Ingham, removed 1844, Tr. to N. Y., 1844.
Miss Sarah Sharpe, m. Rev. Peter Russell, removed to
Summit Hill.
Mifs Eliza R. Butler, m. Mr. Totten, removed July 5,
1849.
William Brewer, (Coloured), from Easton, removed May
9, 1843-
April 18, 1843.
Norman J. Dennis, d. May n, 1843.
April 26, 1843.
Miss Sarah Young, removed.
June 4, 1843.
Mrs. Liggett, fr. West Chester.
THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN^. 165
Jonathan Sinyard, from Ireland, d. June 8, 1843, in mine.
Mrs. Martha Sinyard, from Ireland, removed.
Henry Colt, Jr.
July 1 6, 1842.
Miss Sarah F. Tracy, removed to Towanda.
September i, 1843.
Miss Anna M. Peters, removed to Philadelphia.
December 25, 1844.
Elisha Hitchcock, transferred to Scranton.
April 7, 1844.
Mrs. Nancy Severn, d. 1866.
Mrs. Gertrude Krost, removed.
Thomas, from Beaver Meadow, removed.
Miss Jane Dickenson, m. Mr. Goodrich, removed.
August 18, 1844.
Mrs. Rachel Ann McGuigan, from St. Johns, Pequa, d.
Feb. 16, 1856.
October 6, 1844.
Dr. Thomas W. Drake, d. May 10, 1850, in peace.
November 21, 1844.
Mr. Edward Ratheram, d. Dec. 18, 1843, m peace.
March 23, 1845.
Miss Hetty Wright, from St. Andrew's, Phila .
John Patterson, from Ireland.
Mrs. Ann Regina Drake, from St. Philip's, Phila., re-
moved to Bloomsburg, 1845.
May 6, 1845.
John Brown.
Mrs. Sarah Barnes, d. Nov. 5, 1845.
July, 1845.
Mrs. Louisa Bowman.
December 25, 1845.
Mrs. Mary B. Purdon, removed to Phila., 1846.
Miss Hannah Bettle, transferred to Bloomsburg.
Mrs. Sarah Hutchins (Mrs. Wilson).
April 12, 1846.
Conrad Klippile, removed Oct., 1852.
Miss Elizabeth Meredith, from Carbondale, m. Rev. J. L.
Maxwell.
June 7, 1846.
Joseph Synards, from Ireland, removed.
Miss Mary Riley, d. April 5, 1857.
1 66 THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN'S.
April 23, 1848.
Mrs. Maria Mills Fuller, transferred to Phila., 1859, re-
turned 1862.
Mr. Edward Sabine Renwick, removed.
Miss Catharine Brooke.
May 15, 1848.
Miss Frances Bulkley (Mrs. A. R. Brundage) from St.
John's, Georgetown, D. C.
Miss Ellen V. Butler, removed to Danville.
July 2, 1848.
Mrs. Elizabeth Slocum, removed to Phila., 1859, returned
1860.
September 3, 1848.
Mrs. Hannah E. Hillard, removed to Baltimore, Md.,
1868.
November 21, 1848.
Genl. Isaac Bowman, d. Aug. i, 1850.
December 25, 1848.
Miss Celena Ward, d.
Mrs. Lucy Sturdevant, from Bellefonte, d.
Mr. Cornelius Coleman, d. Aug. 7, 1853.
Mrs. Catherine Coleman, d. Sept. 10, 1852.
Mrs. Sarah Gregory.
July i, 1849.
Mrs. Martha Streater, removed.
October 7, 1849.
Mr. Robert Wilson, d.
November 4, 1849.
Miss Ellen May Woodward, drowned Jan. 19, 1850.
November 4, 1849.
Miss Elizabeth Bulkley, d. in Phila., Oct. 21, 1860.
February 17, 1849.
Mr. Asa Brundage.
March u, 1850.
John Goodwin.
March 31, 1850.
Mrs. Rhoda Manley, removed to Muncy.
May 5, 1850.
Mrs. Wilhelmina Reichard.
Miss Magdalene Schraeder, d. March 7, 1857.
October 6, 1850.
Miss Cecilia Riley.
THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN^. 167
November 17, 1850.
Miss Elizabeth Schraeder, d. July 17, 1859.
December 25, 1850.
Miss Sarah Ann Thomas, removed to Bloomsburg.
April 20, 1851.
James Lee Maxwell, removed Oct., 1852, became a candi-
date for Orders Sept., 1851; ordained Deacon by
Bp. Potter in Stephen's Ch., Phila., Sept. 12, 1852.
April 23, 1851.
Patrick McGuiggan, d. Sept. 29, 1855.
Mary H. Baldwin, removed.
May 18, 1851.
Maria Slofson (Mrs. Harding), d. 1867.
Samuel Bonnell, Jr., removed to New York, 1836.
June 15, 1851.
Rachel Sharpe, d. Dec. 6, 1852.
Esther Fisher, removed to Danville.
August 3, 1851.
Adelia Maffet d. Aug. 24, 1864.
Mary Conyngham (Mrs. Parrish).
October 5, 1851.
Abram Goodwin, removed Nov. 12, 1855.
Emily Horton (Mrs. Bolles).
Ellen Scott, d. February 18, 1861.
April n, 1852.
Mrs. Melinda Ceilings, d. March 28, 1861.
Hannah Core Smith, from St. Mary's, Brooklyn, L. I.
Jane A. Brower.
Miss Charlotte Whitney, from Christ Ch., Towanda, re-
moved.
July 4, 1852.
Mrs. Jane Patten.
Miss Elizabeth Patten.
Mr. William Smalley, from England, died at Pittston.
Mrs. Elizabeth Smalley, from England, died at Pittston.
November 28, 1852.
Mrs. Annie Leavenworth, from Church of the Mediator,
Phila.
" Jemima Turner, d. Aug. i, 1864.
Mr. John Turner.
Miss Mary Elizabeth Snow, d.
" Mary Elizabeth Banks, died in New York.
1 68 THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN'S.
December 25, 1852.
Charles Myers, removed.
March 27, 1852.
Wm. S. Withers, from England, d. Dec. 21, 1867.
Catharine Howard, from England, removed.
July 6, 1853.
Henry Clay Mills, removed.
August 7, 1853.
Elizabeth Sharpe, removed to Summit Hill.
Arabella Gray (Mrs. Benning) d.
October 2, 1853.
John Barber, d. Aug. 23, 1864.
November 27, 1853.
Anna Maria Conyngham.
Augustus Homer Grennell, removed, returned.
February 12, 1854.
John K. Vallance, from St. Paul's Ch., Phila., removed.
Sarah Vallance, from St. Paul's Ch., Phila., removed.
Eliza Marshall, from Epiphany Church, Phila.
May 7, 1854.
Martha Kidder ^Mrs. O. K. Moore).
July 2, 1854.
Annie Wright.
September 3, 1854.
Dr. E. W. Worrell, removed to Delaware.
Mrs. Worrell, removed to Delaware.
April 8, 1855.
Cornelia Burton Loop, d. June 25, 1856.
April 19, 1855.
Ellen G. Stout, removed 1861.
Catharine P. Dennis.
Anne V. Pierce, d. 1860.
July i, 1855.
Mary Hillard, (Mrs. Bell), removed to New York, 1860.
August 5, 1855.
H. G. A. Muller, removed to N. J., 1862.
Sarah Josephine Muller, removed to N. J., 1862.
October 7, 1855.
Samuel Holland, d. Jan. 7, 1856.
Mary Brisbane, from Grace Church, Phila., removed
1862, returned 1864.
November 2, 1855.
Ebenezer Warren Sturdevant.
THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN'S. 169
December 25, 1855.
Mary Elder (Mrs. W. G. Sterling).
Charles Edward Butler.
Mrs. Lawton, from Trinity, Pottsville, removed to Brides-
burg.
Anna M. Lawton, from Trinity, Pottsville, removed to
Bridesburg.
Arabella D. Lewis.
E. Victoria Kidder.
Ellen Mayer, from Philadelphia.
Anthony Metcalf.
Isabella W. Bowman.
Emily Thatcher, from Pittston, St. James.
July 5, 1857.
Rebecca Douglafs Carey, removed to Pittston.
Lucinda Church Myers.
Amanda Teed, removed to New York, 1862.
September 6, 1857.
Ruth Collings, removed to Germantown.
Mrs. Chase, from St. Paul's, Montrose.
October 4, 1857,
Sarah Morris, removed.
Elizabeth Collings.
Catharine Patten.
Julia Miner.
Phebe Ann Carpenter, d.
Caleb F. Bowman.
November i, 1857.
E. B. Chase.
Clementine Brodhun.
Catharine Lippincott, from St. John's, Elizabeth, N. J.
February 14, 1858.
Van Buren Stevens, from St. Matthew's, Pike Co., re-
moved 1862.
Mary Reynolds, d. Feb. 2, 1863.
Harriet Howes, from St. John's , Clifton, Staten Island,
removed.
Elizabeth M. Profser, from St. Philip's, Pa.
Susan A. Marcy, from St. James', Woonsocket, R. I.
Margaret Howe.
Maria Robinson, removed to N. Y.
Ellen Denison.
Sarah Eaton, from Ireland, removed 1860.
I7O THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN S.
Isabella Orrell, removed 1860.
Susan Sly, from St. Luke's, Scranton.
Clarinda Carter, removed to Boston.
Jane Eaton, from Ireland.
February 6, 1859.
William S. Rofs.
J. Quincy Ingham.
George Scott, d. Sept. 26, 1861.
Stephen Y. Kittle.
Sophia A. Kittle.
Sarah Nagle.
Elizabeth C. Maxwell.
Mary O. Maxwell.
Cynthia Wolken.
Catharine Mock, d. May 29, 1861.
March 6, 1859.
Margaret Riley.
April 24, 1859.
Ann Stanton, removed near London, Canada.
Jennatt Jenkins.
May, 1859.
Mrs. Withers.
November, 1859.
John Hamilton.
Margaret Hamilton.
January 29, 1860.
Thomas Brodrick,
Elizabeth F. Brodrick, from The Atonement, Phila.
Nancy Winterstein.
Mrs. Barrett.
Elizabeth Wilson Cahoon, d. April 14, 1861.
Agib Ricketts.
April 8, 1860.
Ruth Ann Reese (Mrs. Gilchrist).
George R. Lennard.
Kate Riley Snow.
Nathan G. Howe.
Ellen Hoffman.
Emily Jane Thornton.
May 6, 1860.
Mary Willets.
French, from England, removed 1861.
THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN S. 1
David Caird, from Zion Church, Avon, N. Y.
Jane Caird.
July i, 1860.
Samuel R. Marshall.
Ellen Brodrick, removed.
Emma M. Brodrick, removed.
Abi D. Slocum, removed to Philadelphia.
Harriet Hillard.
Olivia Hillard (Mrs. W. L. Conyngham).
Adelia A. Becker.
Helen M. Reel.
James Caird.
Bridget Riley, from Cranmer Chapel, Phila.
February 3, 1861.
Ellen Clary, removed to Pittston, May, 1865.
Sarah L. Slocum, from Holy Trinity, Phila.
Mary Cook, from St. Paul's Montrose.
October 6, 1861.
Ellen Palmer, Plattsburg.
November 3, 1861.
Henry W. Palmer.
Samuel G. Turner.
Charles L. Bulkeley.
Martha Stanton.
Eleanor B. Beaumont.
Sarah B. Wragg.
Emily Miner.
Julia A. Elliott, removed April, 1864.
Alice J. J. Argue.
Ann A. Argue.
Mary T. Roth.
November 10, 1861.
Phebe Ann Lester, d. Jan. 17, 1862.
December 25, 1861.
Temperance Chahoon.
Helen Mar Gilchrist.
April 20, 1862.
Henrietta Shoemaker, from St. James' Church, Muncy.
July 6, 1862.
Margaret Colt, removed to Allentown.
November 2, 1862.
Elizabeth Elliott, removed April, 1864.
Eliza Rofs Miner.
1/2 THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN'S.
Elizabeth Riley.
Anna Maria Carpenter.
Hortense Beaumont, died at Lebanon Oct. 4, 1863.
Alice M. Ceilings, Oct. 4, 1863.
December 25, 1862.
Helen C. Titus.
Sophie Lippincott.
February i, 1863.
Grace C. Hoflick, from Grace Church, Richmond, Va.
April 5, 1863.
Welden F. Dennis.
James Pryor Williamson.
Elizabeth Norton.
Emily Dilley.
Caroline Griffin Wright.
Ellen Hendrick Wright.
Martha Robinson.
Joseph Tyson Preston, d. July 19, 1863.
July 5>.l863-
Lewis C. Paine.
Annie Lee Paine.
Frederick Pickett.
Ann Pickett.
Amanda Butler.
Amanda R. Cook.
Susan Puterbaugh.
Charles Holland Kidder.
Jennie Elizabeth Chase.
Mary Ann Ingham.
Grace E. Marshall.
August, 1863.
Rosina Hoeflich, d. Sept. 26, 1863.
September 21, 1863.
Mary Aim Reloter, d. Nov. 20, 1863.
November 4, 1863.
Maria Ward.
December 25, 1863.
Josephine Gross Meyer.
Amelia Esther Meyer.
Chollett.
Sarah Maria Graham, from St. James', Dundaff.
Ann Parr, from Christ Church, Pelham, N. J.
THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN S. 173
October 4, 1864.
Geo. W. Gustin, to Scranton.
Elizabeth Hamilton, died.
Mary Ann Pickett.
November 6, 1864.
Charles Huston Sturdevant.
Margaret Caird.
Rachel Stanton, from Trinity Church, Pottsville.
Elizabeth Croop, from Grace Church, Brooklyn, N. Y.
removed.
Julius Meyer.
Lydia Trott Woodward, from Holy Trinity, Phila.
Melifsa Lesley, from Christ Church, Cooperstown, N. J.
Easter, 1864.
Louisa Stoeckel.
Mary Wintersteen, from St. Philip's, Summit Hill.
Whitsunday, 1864.
Sarah Ann Preston.
Marian Wallace Preston.
Elizabeth Grattan, from St. Paul's Church, Columbia, Pa.
William Skelding, from St. John's, Stamford, Conn.
Amelia M. Skelding, from St. John's, Stamford, Conn.
REGISTER OF BAPTISMS.
BY REV. JACKSON KEMPER.
December 8, 1814.
Isaac Munroe Bowman, s. of Isaac and Mary Bowman,
b. March 9, 1807.
Horatio Blinn Bowman, s. of Isaac and Mary Bowman,
b. October n, 1809.
Lucy Barker, d. of William and Anna Barker, b. Novem-
ber 29, 1804.
William Barker, s. of William and Anna Barker, b. July
4, 1806.
Phebe Ann Barker, d. of William and Anna Barker, b.
March 18, 1808.
Abel Barker, s. of William and Anna Barker, b. Septem-
ber 19, 1811.
Henry Barker, s. of William and Anna Barker, b. July 6,
1813.
Margaretta Gibson, d. of John B. and Sarah Gibson, b.
November 20, 1814.
174 THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN^.
William Boice Scott, s. of David and Catharine Scott, b.
August 23, 1812.
Martha Ann Scott, d. of David and Catherine Scott, b.
April 17, 1814.
REV. SAMUEL SITGREAVES.
October 18, 1822.
Nancy Hancock, d. of Jonathan and Martha Hancock, b.
August 26, 1 80 1.
Emily Hutchins, d. of Thomas and Mary Hutchins, b.
Mrs. Harriet Bowman, d. of Benjamin and Susan Drake,
b. September 15, 1801.
Catharine Elizabeth Haines, d. of George and Eliza
Haines, b. July 13, 1807.
Abigail Huntington Haines, d. of George and Eliza
Haines, b. March 8, 1809.
October 20, 1822.
Sarah Ann Wright, d. of William and Sarah Wright, b.
June 12, 1804.
November 10, 1822.
Mrs. Mary Perry, d. of Jonas and Elizabeth Ingham, b.
October 13, 17;^..
November 24, 1822.
Mary Isabella Armstrong, d. of Thomas and Mary Arm-
strong, b. October 3, 1821.
December i, 1822.
George Bowman Denison, s. of George and Caroline Den-
ison, b. July 27, 1820.
Catherine Scott Dennis, d. of Jacob J. and Abi Dennis, b.
May, 1822.
S. Leffingwell Bettle, s. of Samuel and Hannah M. Bettle.
December 25, 1822.
Henry Mandeville Denison, s. of George and Caroline
Denison, b. July 29, 1822.
Amelia Watson Bowman, d. of James and Harriet Bow-
man, January i, 1822.
December 15, 1822. Baptized at the Plains.
Elizabeth Bidleman Courtright, d. of Henry and Sarah
Courtright, b. March 21, 1817.
Catharine Courtright, d. of Henry and Sarah Courtright,
b. March 19, 1819.
Rofanna Bidleman Courtright, d. of Henry and Sarah
Courtright, b. January 31, 1821.
THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN S. 175
April 17, 1823.
Nancy Lavinnia Kelly, d. of Minor and Sarah Kelly, b.
March 17, 1823. Baptized in Springville, Susquehanna
County.
April 24, 1823.
Emmeline Bronson, d. of John and Phebe Bronson, b.
March 20, 1821. Baptized in Springville, Susquehanna
County.
April 25, 1823.
Aurora Eliza Heisz, d. of Anne and Henry Heisz, b. July
27, 1808.
Catharine Sheffield Heisz, d. of Anne and Henry Heisz,
b. May 29, 1810.
Dezia Morrell, d. of Anne and Henry Heisz, b. March 29,
1812.
Frederick Earll Heisz, s. of Anne and Henry Heisz, b.
March 17, 1814.
Minerva Heisz, d. of Letitia and Henry Heisz, b. Septem-
ber 15, 1816.
Cynthia Heisz, d. of Letitia and Henry Heisz, b. March
16, 1818.
Anne Heisz, d. of Letitia and Henry Heisz, b. June 25,
1821.
John Markland Heisz, s. of Letitia and Henry Heisz, b.
November 8, 1822. (The above seven baptisms were
at Tunkhannock.)
REV. ENOCH HUNTINGTON.
April 4, 1824.
John James Foster, s. of Foster, b.
July 1 8, 1824.
Catharine Scott, d. of David and Catharine Scott, b. July
6, 1823.
November 7, 1824.
Thomas Hutchins, s. of Thomas and Mary Hutchins, b.
June 14, 1825.
Frederick George Appleton, s. of Christopher and Eliza-
beth Appleton, b. February 12, 1825.
Jofeph Green, s. of Joshua Green, b. March 14, 1823.
Ellen Green, d. of Joshua Green, b. September 29, 1819.
Samuel Bowman, s. of Isaac and Mary Bowman, b. Octo-
ber 30, 1819.
Mary Louisa Bowman, d. of Ifaac and Mary Bowman, b.
December 31, 1821.
176 THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN'S.
June 25, 1826.
Matilda Mary Appleton, d. of Christopher and Elizth Ap-
pleton, b. May 22, 1826.
August 30 1826.
Margaret Ann Meredith.
Diana Newel Tripp.
REV. JAMES MAY.
February 16, 1827.
James Hodgson, s. of Stephen and - - Hodgson, b.
July 29, 1826.
Sarah Sharpe, d. of Richard and Sarah Sharpe, b. June
21, 1827.
September 2, 1827.
Mrs. Ann Robinson, d. of Zebulon and Phebe Butler.
September 9, 1827.
John Trumbull Robinson, s. of John W. and Anne Robin-
son, b. December 30, 1813.
Mary Ann Bradley Robinson, d. of John W. and Anne
Robinson, b. June 9, 1817.
November 4, 1827.
Henry Christian Coots, s. of Jacob and Rosena Coots, b.
July, 1827.
March 9, 1828.
Mrs. Frances Lamb, b. Bulkley.
April i, 1828.
Elizabeth Pool Lamb, d. Henry F. and Frances Lamb, b.
September 24, 1826.
June 22, 1828.
Benjamin Parke (by immersion).
June 26, 1828.
Henry James Hewetson Appelton, s. of Christopher and
Elizabeth Appleton, b. June 12, 1828.
August 31, 1828.
Amanda Kellogg, d. of Nathan and Rosalinda Kellogg,
b. July 14, 1818.
Ephriam Torrey Kellogg, s. of Nathan and Rosalinda
Kellogg, b. April 30, 1822.
John Azor Kellogg, s. of Nathan and Sarah Kellogg, b.
March 14, 1828. Above three at Bethany, Wayne Co.
Sarah Ray, (Coloured).
December 21, 1828.
Mrs. Ruth Ann Conyngham, d. of Lord and Mary But-
ler, b.
THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN'S. 177
January n, 1829.
Robert Borbridge Parker, s. of Parker, b. 1828.
February, 1829.
David Hay field Conyngham, s. of John N. and Ruth Ann
Conyngham, b. January 9, 1826.
John Butler Conyngham, s. of John N. and Ruth Ann
Conyngham, b. September 29, 1827.
October 25, 1829.
Frances Sharpe, d. of Richard and Sarah Sharpe, b.
August 30, 1829.
March 3, 1830.
John Joseph Niebell, s. of Fredk and Niebell, b.
September n, 1826.
Barnet Shepherd Niebell, s. of Fredk and Niebell,
b. August 7, 1828.
June 20, 1830.
Emma Elizabeth Appleton, d. of Christopher and Eliza-
beth Appleton, b. May 5, 1830.
July 5, 1830.
William Lord Conyngham, s. of John N. and Ruth Ann
Conyngham, b. November 21, 1829.
Ebenezer Bowman Miner, s. of Thos. W. and Lucy E.
Miner, b. July 25, 1829.
Mary Adams Lamb, d. of Henry F. and Frances Lamb, b.
July 4, 1829.
William Peleg Bettle, s. of Samuel and Hannah Maria
Bettle, b. January 13, 1830.
Harriet Tracy Bettle, d. of Samuel and Hannah Maria
Bettle, b. August 6, 1826.
George Drake Bowman, s. of James W. and Harriet Bow-
man, b. March n, 1827.
September 5, 1830.
David Norman Scott, s. of Benjamin and — Scott, b.
September 19, 1830.
Eliza Ann Marewine, d. of Chas. and Cath. Marewine, b.
November 25, 1827.
James Monroe Marewine, s. of Chas. and Cath. Mare-
wine, b. February i, 1830.
September 26, 1830.
Melinda Graves, d. of Graves, b.
February 28, 1831.
James Stuart Lindsay, s. of William and Mary G. Lind-
say, b. January 10, 1831.
1/8 THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN^.
August 9, 1831.
Lucy Atkins, d. of Dr. Dudley and M. A. Atkins, b. 1831.
January 22, 1832.
Jane Cafwell, d. of Caswell, b. April, 1818.
July 8, 1832.
Giles James Robinson, s. of Anthony and Rose Robin-
son, b. 1832.
October 18, 1832.
Elizabeth Sharpe, d. of Richd and Sarah Sharpe, b. Feb-
ruary 9, 1831.
Susan Ann Bowman, d. of James W. and Harriet Bow-
man, b. February 5, 1832.
October 31, 1832.
Thomas Dyer Conyngham, s. of John N. and Ruth Ann
Conyngham, b. December 11,1 831.
November 25, 1832.
Delofs Rose.
April 12, 1833.
James May Bettle, s. of Samuel D. and H. M. Bettle, b.
1 8— .
June 12, 1833.
Mary Ann Miner, 4. of Thomas W. and Lucy E. Miner,
b. 1832.
July 7, 1833.
Abigail Haines Drake, d. of George C. and Abigail Drake,
b. 1833.
November 20, 1833.
Stanley Trott Woodward, s. of Geo. W. and Sarah Eliza-
beth Woodward, b. August 29, 1833.
January 30, 1834.
Andrew Dewitt, s. of John and Julian Dewitt, b. March
9, 1821.
Ziba Dewitt, s. of John and Julian Dewitt, b. September
30, 1822.
James Dewitt, s. of John and Julian Dewitt, b. Novem-
ber 30, 1824.
Louisa Dewitt, d. of John and Julian Dewitt, b. May 10,
1826.
Parma Dewitt, d. of John and Julian Dewitt, March 18,
1828.
Ellen Elizabeth Dewitt, d. of John and Julian Dewitt, b.
April 3, 1833.
THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN S. 1/9
May 14, 1834.
Mrs. Ruth Rofs, d. of Joseph and Sarah Slocum, b. 18 — .
Houton Butler Robinson, s. of John W. and Ann Robin-
son, b. 18 — .
William Bentley Norton, s. of Wm. and Elizabeth Nor-
ton, b. January 30, 1808.
November 22, 1834.
Elizabeth Kent Sayre, d. of Wm. H. and Elizabeth K.
Sayre, b. September 17, 1826, in Columbia County.
William Heysham Sayre, s. of Wm. H. and Elizabeth K.
Sayre, b. March 3, 1831, in Mauch Chunk.
Anna Fatzinger Sayre, twin d. of Wm. H. and Elizabeth
K. Sayre, b. March 2, 1834, in Mauch Chunk.
Catharine Irwin Sayre, twin d. of Wm. H. and Elizabeth
K. Sayre, b. March 2, 1834, in Mauch Chunk.
November 24, 1834.
James Leslie, s. of - - Leslie, b. August 9, 1834.
March 25, 1835.
Mary Conyngham, infant d. of John N. and Ruth Ann
Conyngham, b. February 20, 1834.
March 30, 1835.
Thos. Wilkinson Robinson, s. of Anthony and Rose Rob-
inson, b. July 10, 1834.
July 15, 1835.
Geo. Abisha Woodward, s. of George W. and Sarah E.
Woodward, b. February 14, 1835.
September 9, 1835.
Anna Sharpe, d. of Richard and Sarah Sharpe, b. Feb-
ruary 8, 1835.
September 16, 1835.
Martha Linton Chapman, d. of - - Chapman, b. May
18, 1821.
Lucretia Ann Chapman, d. of - - Chapman, b. May 14,
1823.
James George Chapman, s. of Chapman, b. Novem-
ber 28, 1825.
John Ward Chapman, s. of - - Chapman, b. December
26, 1827.
Maria Ward Chapman, d. of - — Chapman, b. Novem-
ber 19, 1831.
Sarah Davidge Chapman, d. of - - Chapman, b. June 5,
l8o THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN'S.
October, 1835.
William Anley, b. 1835.
March 13, 1836.
Mrs. Hannah Detrick, d. of Hannis.
April i, 1836.
Adelaide Lockey, d. of J. P. and Rachel Le Clerc, b.
March 30, 1833.
August i, 1836.
Ellen Scott, d. of David and Catharine Scott, b. April 13,
1827.
George Scott, s. of David and Catharine Scott, b. June
30, 1829.
John Wright Norton, s. of Wm. B. and Mary Norton, b.
February 14, 1836.
William Henry Hill Wells, s. of H. and Mary Wells,
b. December 20, 1835.
Eleanor Ann Chamberlain, d. of Joseph and - - Cham-
berlain, b. September 30, 1835.
Elizabeth Chapman, d. of Chapman, b. June 22,
1836.
October 9, 1836.
William Edwards, s. of Edwards, b. November 5,
1829.
Emmanuel Edwards, s. of Edwards, January 5, 1832.
December 22, 1836.
Ellen Cist, b. October 25, 1831.
Emily Hollenback Rutter, d. of Nathaniel and Mary Ann
Rutter, b. December 16, 1833.
Margaret Jane Rutter, d. of Nathaniel and Mary Ann
Rutter, b. January 24, 1836.
Anna Maria Conyngham, d. of John N. and Ruth A. Con-
yngham, b. August 27, 1836.
Ellen May Woodward, d. of George W. and S. Elizabeth
Woodward, b. 1836.
December 25, 1836.
Rebecca Ingham Perry, d. of Benj. and Mary Perry, b.
December 29, 1836.
Eliza Ann Wurts, d. of John J. and Ann Wurtz, b. August
29, 1835-
David Scott Kidder, s. of Luther and Martha A. Kidder,
b. October 28, 1836.
August 9, 1837.
William Dagworthy Wells, s. of H. H. and Mary Wells,
b. March i, 1837.
THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN'S. l8l
Asher Miner, s. of Dr. Thomas W. and Lucy E. Miner,
April 24, 1837.
August 12, 1837.
Hester Sharpe, d. of Richard and Sarah Sharpe, b. March
i, 1837.
Amanda Theresa Mills, d. of John B. and Nancy Mills, b.
July 20, 1837.
REV. WM. J. CLARK.
December 23, 1838.
Frances Butler, (adult) sponsors Mrs. A. H. Clark and
Mrs. Frances Lamb, b. 181 — .
March 10, 1839.
Elizabeth Woodward, infant d. of G. W. and Sarah E.
Woodward, b. January 2, 1838.
Elizabeth Norton, infant d. of W. B. and Mary Norton,
b. July 16, 1838.
Martha Elder Kidder, infant d. of Luther and Martha
Ann Kidder, b. April, 1838.
May 7, 1839.
James McNelly, infant s. of Wm. and Catharine Mc-
Nelly, b. July 10, 1838.
August n, 1839.
Henry Seymour Phinney, infant s. of Mary Phinney, b.
1834.
Elizabeth Cornelia Phinney, infant d. of Mary Phinney, b.
1831.
September 15, 1839.
Mary Elizabeth Carpenter, infant d. of Thos. and Elizth
Carpenter, b. July 17, 1839.
September 27, 1839.
Ellen McCall Peters, infant d. of Ralph and C. C. Peters,
b. 182—.
October 20, 1839.
Jane Dunn, infant d. of John C. and Mary Dunn, b. No-
vember 14, 1837.
November 24, 1839.
Sarah Myers (wife of John Myers) adult, d. of
Stark, b.
Jane Myers, adult d. of John and Sarah Myers, b. 18 — .
Harriet Myers, adult d. of John and Sarah Myers, b.
182—.
l82 THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN'S.
December 22, 1839.
George Washington Woodward, adult s. of Abisha and
Lucretia Woodward, b. March 26, 1809.
Volney Lea Maxwell, adult s. of Squire Maxwell, b. June
12, 1804.
March 29, 1840.
William James Clark, infant s. of Wm. Jas. and Anna-
belle H. Clark, b. October 8, 1839.
REV. R. B. CLAXTON.
September 18, 1840.
Lydia Chapman Woodward, infant d. of G. W. and Sarah
E. Woodward, b. January 17, 1840.
November 5, 1840.
Charles Miner Conyngham, infant s. of John N. and Ruth
Ann Conyngham, b. July 7, 1840.
December 21, 1840.
Emma Victoria Kidder, infant d. of Luther and Martha
Ann Kidder, b. November 14, 1840.
March 28, 1841.
Egbert McAlpin, adult s. of George and Sybil McAlpin,
b. October 14, 1819.
May 16, 1841.
Abi Dennis Slocum, infant d. of Thomas Truxton and
Ann F. Slocum, b. February 23, 1836.
Benjamin Slocum, infant s. of Thomas Truxton and Ann
F. Slocum, b. December 3, 1838.
Henry Clay Mills, infant s. of John B. and Nancy Mills,
b. December 17, 1839.
June 10, 1841.
James Broadrick Davis, infant s. of George Hyers and
Elizabeth Davis, b. April 7, 1840.
William Paul, infant s. of James and Mary Paul, b. Aug-
ust 21, 1840.
Ellen Stuart, infant d. of John and Ellen Stuart, b. Octo-
ber 6, 1840. These three at Summit Mines, near
Mauch Chunk.
July 25, 1841.
Holland Montagu Merrick, infant s. of John M. and
Charlotte Merrick, b. September 5, 1840.
Mary Louisa Sisty, infant d. of Amos and Martha S.
Sisty, b. February 4, 1841.
THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN'S. 183
December 12, 1841.
Elizabeth Chapman Maxwell, infant d. of Volney Lea and
Lydia M. Maxwell, b. September 7, 1841.
January 27, 1842.
Ellen Maria Slocum, infant d. of Thos. Truxton and
Anna F. Slocum, b. March 31, 1840.
February 6, 1842.
Frederick McAlpin, adult s. of George and Sybil McAl-
pin, b. August 14, 1818.
Easter, March 27, 1843.
John Henry Jones, infant s. of Wm. H. and Catharine
Jones, b. June 26, 1837.
Martha Jones, infant d. of Wm. H. and Catharine Jones,
b. January 22, 1839.
Theodore Warner Jones, infant s. of Wm. H. and Cath-
arine Jones, b. April 26, 1841.
Jane White, adult d. of Dan1 and Jane White, b. June 23,
1824.
April 10, 1842.
Frances Ann Detrick, infant d. of Jacob and Hannah
Detrick, b. April 19, 1840.
April 17, 1842.
Mary Ann Hutchins, adult d. of Thos. and Mary Ann
Hutchins, b. May 12, 1827.
April 24, 1842.
William Wilberforce Woodward, infant s. of Geo. W.
and Sarah E. Woodward, b. December 8, 1841.
June 12, 1842.
Adelaide Josephine Mills, infant d. of John B. and Nancy
Mills, b. July i, 1841.
REV. DR. MAY (at the request of the Rector.)
August 7, 1842.
Jane Rowena Ingham, adult d. of Thomas and Jane Ing-
ham, b. December 26, 181 — .
John Howard Claxton, infant s. of Robert Bethell and
Caroline P. Claxton, b. July 4, 1842.
Richard Jones Wells, infant s. of Henry H. and Mary
Wells, b. June 22, 1842.
Helen Sisty, infant d. of Amos and Martha C. Sisty, b.
January 31, 1842.
184 THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN^.
REV. R. B. CLAXTON.
AugUSt 22, 1842.
Joseph Henry Nicholas, infant s. of Thomas and Hannah
Nicholas, b. April 10, 1832.
Jane Nicholas, infant d. of Thomas and Hannah Nich-
olas, b. September 15, 1834.
Susannah Nicholas, infant d. of Thomas and Hannah
Nicholas, b. March 5, 1837.
Victoria Nicholas, infant d. of Thomas and Hannah
Nicholas, b. August 10, 1840. All at Hyde Park.
September 26, 1842.
Esther Morris, adult d. of John and Hannah Shephard,
b. 1803.
January 12, 1843.
Juliana Bernardine Reichart, infant d. of John and
Reichart, b. July 19, 1840.
Catharine Frederika Reichart, infant d. of John and -
Reichart, b. October 7, 1841.
Magdalene Jacobine Reichart, infant d. of John and
Reichart, b. January 5, 1843.
George Philip Frederick Schrader Feuerstein, infant s. of
Francis and Feuerstein, b. July 3, 1840.
March 13, 1843.
Sarah Young, adult d. of and Phoebe Young, b.
April, 1788.
April 9, 1843.
Mary Overton Maxwell, infant d. of Volney Lea and
Lydia M. Maxwell, b. October 19, 1842.
April 30, 1843.
Sarah Barnes, adult d. of Joseph S. and Sarah Barnes,
b. March 12, 1828.
May 7, 1843.
Charles Edmund Dana, infant s. of Edmund L. and
Sarah H. Dana, b. January 29, 1843.
May 31, 1843.
John McGinley, infant s. of Henry and Mary McGinley,
b. March 26, 1843.
John Stuart, infant s. of John and Ellen Stuart, b. Sep-
tember 26, 1842.
Chambers Coleman Davis, infant s. of Geo. H. and Elizth
Davis, b. April 3, 1842.
Ellen Brodrick, infant d. of Thos. and Elizth Brodrick, b.
September 14, 1842.
THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN'S. 185
June ii, 1843.
Henry Colt, adult s. of Henry and Elizth Colt, b. Septem-
ber 15, 1822.
June 1 8, 1843.
Mary Melicent Worrall, infant d. of Lewis and Mary
Jane Worrall, b. November I, 1842.
July 15, 1843.
Sarah Georgiana Parke, infant d. of Benj. and Elizabeth
Parke, b. October 23, 1842.
July 16, 1843.
Sarah Fell Tracy, adult d. of Edwin and Deborah Tracy,
b. January 7, 1820.
July 26, 1843.
Lucy Miner Bowman, infant d. of Alex H. and Louisa
Bowman, b. July 29, 1842.
October 7, 1843.
Elizabeth Walker, infant d. of Joseph and Biddy Walker,
b. April 15, 1843.
November 12, 1843.
Mary Ann Ingham, infant d. of Charles Farmer and
Lucy Ann Ingham, b. September 25, 1842.
January 30, 1844.
Cath. Elizth Kleman, infant d. of Jacob and Louisa Kle-
man, b. November 16, 1843.
February 25, 1844.
Margaret Riley, infant d. of Jas. and Mary Mackay Riley,
b. August i, 1843, at Summit Hill.
May 30, 1844.
Alice Virginia Davis, infant d. of Geo. H. and Elizth
Davis, b. January 30, 1844.
John Farguy, infant s. of Wm. and Mary Jane Farguy, b.
January i, 1844.
June 14, 1844.
Wm. Jennings Nicholas, infant s. of Thos. and Hannah
Nicholas, b. April 29, 1843.
August 1 8, 1844.
Thomas Wr right Drake, adult s. of Benj. and Drake,
b. 18— .
August 20, 1844.
Richard Patterson, infant s. of John and Mary Patterson,
b. August 5, 1844.
October 16, 1844.
Wm. Scott Watson, infant s. of Oliver and Marrietta R.
Watson, b. September i, 1844.
1 86 THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN'S.
January i, 1845.
Mary Theresa Roth, infant d. of Charles and Justine
Roth, b. May 4, 1842.
Justine Theresa Catharine Smith, infant d. of John B.
and Mary Smith, b. September 4, 1842.
Charles Mallery Smith, infant s. of John B. and Mary
Smith, b. July 10, 1844.
January 19, 1845.
John Kimble Woodward, infant s. of Geo. W. and S. E.
Woodward, b. September 24, 1844.
March 15, 1845.
Jacob Snyder, infant s. of Michael and Catharine Snyder,
b. Feb. 13, 1845.
March 30, 1845.
Peter Freii, infant s. of David and Dorothy Freii, b. June
20, 1844.
May 12, 1845.
James Mills, infant s. of John B. and Nancy Mills, b.
May 23, 1845.
Mary Claxton Brightly, infant d. of Charles H. and Mary
N. Brightly, b.t February 21, 1845.
June i, 1845.
Henry Heiss, infant s. of Philip and Elizabeth Heiss, b.
November 30, 1844.
July 6, 1845.
Thomas Riley, infant son of James and Mary M. Riley,
b. April i, 1845.
July 1 6, 1845.
Agnes Wilson, infant d. of - - Wilson, b. April 28, 1845.
REV. DR. MAY.
August 3, 1845.
Robert Bethell Claxton, infant s. of Robert Bethell and
Elizabeth Claxton, b. February 28, 1845.
Emily Remington Miner, infant d. of Wm. P. and Eliza-
beth D. Miner, b. April 4, 1845.
REV. R. B. CLAXTON.
August 31, 1845.
Margaret Ritterspacher, infant d. of Jacob and Margaret
Ritterspacher, b. April 16, 1845.
October 21, 1845.
Jane Charlotte Beaver, infant d. of Wm. and Ann Beaver,
b. September 14, 1845.
THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN^. 187
October 26, 1845.
Elizabeth Pettebone Streater, infant d. of Wm. and Mar-
tha Streater, b. 1845.
Thirzah Sarah Barber, infant d. of John and Elizth Bar-
ber, b. January i, 1841.
Jethro Joseph Barber, infant s. of John and Elizth Barber,
b. December 25, 1843.
Rachel Ann Barber, infant d. of John and Elizth Barber,
b. June 29, 1845.
November 9, 1845.
Sarah Hutchins, adult d. of Thomas and Mary Ann
Hutchins, b. 18 — .
November 16, 1845.
Mary Hyde Collings, adult d. of Daniel and Coll-
ings, b. 1824.
December 24, 1845.
Winfield Warner, infant s. of Henry and Margaret War-
ner, b. June 23, 1842.
Mary Ellen Warner, infant d. of Henry and Margaret
Warner, August 21, 1844.
March i, 1846.
Margaret Patterson, infant d. of John and Mary Patter-
son, b. November 6, 1845.
May 6, 1846.
Cornelia Matilda Crary, infant d. of Erasmus D. and
Susan Crary, b. February 2, 1844.
Edwin Machette Crary, infant s. of Erasmus D. and
Susan Crary, b. February 9, 1846, at Salem.
June 3, 1846.
Anna Maria Carpenter, infant d. of Thomas and
Carpenter, b. May 20, 1846.
June 7, 1846.
Lucy Anna Culver, infant d. of Hiram and Culver,
b. 184—.
Reddin Worrall, infant s. of Lewis and Mary Jane Wor-
rall, b. 1845.
April 4, 1847, Easter.
William Sharps Pettebone, infant s. of Henry and Eliza-
beth Sharp, b.
REV. CHARLES DE KAY COOPER.
June 2, 1847.
Mrs. Elizabeth Pettebone, adult, wife of Judge Pettebone.
l88 THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN^.
August i, 1847.
Samuel Bettle Sisty, infant s. of Mrs. Martha Sisty.
William White Sisty, infant s. of Mrs. Martha Sisty.
August 29, 1847.
Charles Dennison Mills, infant s. of John D. and Nancy
Mills.
REV. GEO. D. MILES.
August 2, 1848.
Samuel Maxwell, infant s. of James and Elizabeth Max-
well, b. July 8, 1848.
February 25, 1849.
Caroline Thomas Miner, infant daughter of Wm. P. and
E. D. Miner, b. February 5, 1847.
Charles Holland Kidder, infant s. of Luther and Martha
A. Kidder, b. December 27, 1847.
March 14, 1849.
William Vernet Ingham, infant s. of C. F. and Lucy Ann
Ingham, b. July 21, 1846.
Lucy Brown Ingham, infant d. of C. F. and Lucy Ann
Ingham, b. September 6, 1848.
Mary Elizabeth Reichardt, infant d. of John and -
Reichardt, b. /fpril 16, 1848.
Magdelene Bertels, infant d. of Jacob and Elizabeth Ber-
tels, b. September 26, 1848.
March 24, 1849.
Mary Ann Tracy, infant d. of Charles and Sarah Tracy,
b. June 9, 1831.
Leonard Bill Tracy, infant s. of Charles and Sarah Tracy,
b. July 11, 1833.
Jane Blakesley Tracy, infant d. of Charles and Sarah
Tracy, b. August 27, 1835.
Norman Ross Tracy, infant s. of Charles and Sarah
Tracy, b. April 5, 1838.
Edward Whiting Tracy, infant s. of Charles and Sarah
Tracy, April 13, 1841.
Charles Henry Tracy, s. of Charles and Sarah Tracy, b.
April 22, 1845.
Eugene Amos Tracy, son of Charles and Sarah Tracy, b.
April 2, 1848.
April 6, 1849.
Sarah Lockey Slocum, d. of J. J. and Elizabeth.
Arabella Gray, d. of I. Gray, b. May 18, 1838.
Alice Gray, d. of I. Gray, b. February 7, 1841.
THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN'S. 189
April 8, 1849, Easter.
Mrs. Martha Streater, adult d. of Henry and Elizabeth
Pettebone, b. 184 — .
April 20, 1849.
Sarah Pettebone Streater, infant d. of William and Mar-
tha Streater, b. April 5, 1847.
Charles Streater, infant s. of William and Martha
Streater, b. December 9, 1848.
May 5, 1849.
Anna Jane Green, infant d. of John and Jane S. Green, b.
July i, 1846.
Martha Louisa Green, infant d. of John and Jane S.
Green, June 13, 1848, at Pittston.
June 24, 1849.
Mary Harriet Woodward, infant d. of George W. and
Sarah E. Woodward, b. March i, 1849.
Thomas Winfield Klippel, infant s. of Conrad and Mary
Ann Klippel, b. March 7, 1849.
November 18, 1849.
Asa Brundage, adult s. of M. S. and Jane Brundage, b.
March 22, 1827.
November 25, 1849.
Sarah Maria Mills, infant d. of John B. and Nancy Mills,
b. June 19, 1848.
November 29, 1849.
Jefse Curran Detrich, s. of Jacob and Hannah Detrich, b.
December 18, 1843, at Pittston.
December 2, 1849.
Constance Aliment Worrall, infant d. of Lewis and Mary
Jane Worrall, b. May 28, 1849.
December 23, 1849.
John Willson, infant s. of John and Frances Willson, b.
July 3, 1846.
January 25, 1850.
Joseph Reichard, infant s. of Capt. John and Mrs. W.
Reichard, b. September 5, 1849.
April 28, 1850.
Abram Goodwin, adult s. of Abram and Goodwin, b.
Alfred White Newcomb, infant s. of Wm. and Susan
Newcomb, b. October n, 1845.
Nancy White Newcomb, infant d. of Wm. and Susan
Newcomb, b. March 21, 1847.
IQO THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN'S.
Ann Barbara Newcomb, infant d. of Wm. and Susan
Newcomb, b. December 28, 1849.
Thomas Meredith Maxwell, infant s. of James and Eliza-
beth Maxwell, b. February 25, 1850.
June 23, 1850.
Andrew Wilson McAlpin, infant s. of Frederick and
— McAlpin, b. June 4, 1849.
Elizabeth Krost, adopted d. of Gertrude Krost, b. August
9, 1845-
July 7, 1850.
Rebecca Kuser Yarrington, adult d. of Luther and Han-
nah Yarrington, b. November 15, 1814.
August 1 8, 1850.
George Pierson Baldwin, infant s. of Andrew Jackson
and Mary Baldwin, b. December 31, 1847.
Mary Melinda Baldwin, d. of Andrew Jackson and Mary
Baldwin, b. August 18, 1849.
August 26, 1850.
Charles Denison, s. of Charles and Denison, b. April
12, 1846.
David George Denison, s. of Charles and Denison,
b. September 26, 1848, in Baltimore, Md.
September 27, 1850.
Clarifsa Manley, d. of William and Rhoda Manley, b.
December 13, 1842.
William Manley, s. of William and Rhoda Manley, b.
January 18, 1846.
John Manley, s. of William and Rhoda Manley, April 20,
1849.
October 10, 1850.
Frances Anne Wilson, d. of Thomas and Olivia Wilson,
b. July 18, 1850.
February 27, 1851.
Emma Frances Mills, infant d. of John B. and Nancy
Mills, b. December 13, 1850.
April 20, 1851, Easter.
James Lee Maxwell, adult s. of Samuel and Helen Max-
well, b. December 6, 1820.
June 29, 1851.
John Kennedy Stout, infant s. of Asher M. and Ellen G.
Stout, b. November 29, 1849.
July 3, 1851.
Emily Horton, adult d. of Miller and Elizabeth Horton,
b. March 29, 1824.
THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN S. 19!
October 5, 1851.
Geo. Winfield Scott, infant s. of John and Mary Scott, b.
June 18, 1851.
March 9, 1852.
Hiram Manley, infant son of William and Rhoda Man-
ley, b. July 6, 1851.
March 27, 1852.
William Reichard, infant s. of Capt. John and Mrs. W.
Reichard, b. Nov. 16, 1851.
April 25, 1852.
Mary Louisa Waelder, infant d. of Jacob and Elizabeth
L. Waelder, b. February 17, 1851.
May 9, 1852.
Charles Francis Woodward, infant s. of Geo. W. and
Sarah E. Woodward, b. February 12, 1852.
May 30, 1852.
Elizabeth Denison, infant d. of Charles and Denison,
b. September n, 1851.
June 20, 1852.
Alexander Hamilton Bowman, infant s. of Capt. A. H.
and Mrs. Louisa Bowman, b. August n, 1851.
August i, 1852.
Elizabeth Worrall, infant d. of Lewis and Mary Jane
Worrall, b. December 22, 1851, at Pittston.
August 15, 1852.
Nathaniel Kimble Woodward, infant s. of Nathaniel A.
and Adeline Woodward, b. July 12, 1844.
Henry Woodward, infant s. of Warren J. and Catharine
Woodward, b. February u, 1852.
Anna Lewis Miner, infant d. of Wm. P. and E. D. Miner,
b. June 1 8, 1852.
Martha Adelia Maffet, infant d. of Wm. and Adelia
Maffet, b.
Katharine Horn Stout, infant daughter of Asher M. and
Ellen G. Stout, b. February 27, 1852.
September i, 1852.
Mary Elizabeth Sturdevant, infant d. of E. W. and L. H.
Sturdevant, b. June 22, 1852.
September 5, 1852.
Robert Newcomb, infant s. of Wm. and Susan Newcomb,
b. April 21, 1852.
Enos Barber, infant s. of John and Barber, b. April
26, 1849.
192 THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN^.
Andrew Patten, infant s. of Andrew and Margaret Pat-
ten, b. May 29, 1852.
October 31, 1852.
Charles Myers, adult s. of John and Sarah Myers, b.
October 25, 1827.
Mary Elizabeth Snow, infant d. of John and Catharine
Snow.
Joseph Wightman Patten, infant s. of George and Ann
Patten, b. August 28, 1852.
February 23, 1853.
John Riesz, infant s. of Joseph and Magdalene Riesz, b.
May 20, 1852.
March 6, 1853.
Sarah Elizabeth Klippel, infant d. of Conrad and Mary
Ann Klippel, b. August 31, 1852.
March 22, 1853.
Thomas Edward Detrick, infant s. of Jacob and Hannah
Detrick, b. June i, 1851.
Grizzy Elizabeth Detrick, infant d. of Jacob and Hannah
Detrick, b. February 8, 1853.
March 27, 1853.
Martha Louise Hilkrd, infant d. of O. B. and Hannah E.
Hillard, b. October 19, 1852.
August 10, 1853.
Dallas Bache Bowman (by Rev. John Dorrance) infant s.
of Capt. A. H. and Louisa Bowman, b. May 22, 1853.
November 6, 1853.
Jane Wightman Patten, infant d. of William and Jane
Patten, b. September 23, 1853.
December 4, 1853.
Edward Le Clerc Slocum, infant s. of J. J. and Elizabeth
Slocum.
December 5, 1853.
William Lewis Paine, infant s. of Lewis C. and Mary
Lee Paine, b. March 31, 1851.
Mary Lee Paine, infant d. of Lewis C. and Mary Lee
Paine, b. November 21, 1853.
December n, 1853.
Harriet Fuller Harding, infant d. of Garrick M. and
Maria Harding, b. August 27, 1853.
April 5, 1854.
Elizabeth Louisa Shrader, adopted d. of G. P. F. C. and
Rebecca Shrader, b. May 8, 1848.
THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN S. 193
Rebecca Elizabeth Brodhun, infant d. of H. B. and C. L.
Brodhun, b. October 20, 1853.
May 7, 1854.
Grace Elizabeth Marshall, infant d. of Samuel R. and
Eliza Marshall, b. October 31, 1847.
Mary Ann Marshall, infant d. of Samuel R. and Eliza
Marshall, b. January 6, 1850.
Lydia Jane Marshall, infant d. of Samuel R. and Eliza
Marshall, b. August 18, 1852.
Emma Adelia Robinson, infant d. of Samuel M. and A.
L. Robinson, b. May n, 1853.
July 2, 1854.
James Andrew Scott, infant s. of John and Mary Scott, b.
January 26, 1854.
William Badnall, infant s. of William and Elizabeth Bad-
nail, b. December 12, 1849.
Thomas Badnall, infant s. of William and Elizabeth Bad-
nall, b. November 6, 1853, in Plymouth.
August 20, 1854.
Emma Abi Hillard, infant d. of O. .B. and H. E. Hillard,
b. January 20, 1854.
October 8, 1854.
Alfred Bryant Withers, infant s. of Wm. S. and Charlotte
Withers, b. August 8, 1854.
Rebecca Latimer Vallance, infant d. of John K. and Sarah
Vallance, b. May 24, 1854.
October 22, 1854.
Martha Ann Myers, adult d. of Noah and Sarah Pette-
bone, b. April 24, 1832.
William1 Pettebone Myers, infant s. of Charles and Mar-
tha Ann Myers, b. January 6, 1854.
November i, 1854.
Elizabeth Roughsedge, infant d. of William and Mary
Ann Roughsedge, b. October 19, 1854.
November 5, 1854.
Richard Bulkeley Brundage, infant s. of Asa and Frances
Brundage, b. June 22, 1854.
William Miner, infant s. of Wm. P. and E. D. Miner, b.
July 20, 1854.
November 19, 1854.
Thomas Lookyear, infant s. of John and Martha Look-
year, October 17, 1854.
194 THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN S.
December 3, 1854.
Cornelia Burton Loop, adult d. of Samuel and Lydia
French, b. May 31, 1833.
Ruth Estelle Loop, infant d. of E. S. and Cornelia B.
Loop, b. July 21, 1854.
Ruth Rofs Maffett, infant d. of Wm. R. and Adelia Maf-
fet, b. July 15, 1854.
February 26, 1855.
Susan Bauer, infant d. of Martin and Johanna Bauer, b.
February I, 1852.
March 25, 1855.
Catharine Paris Dennis, adult d. of John and Jane Ann
Frothingham, b. July 4, 1832.
Helen Irving Dennis, infant d. of Dr. Welding F. and
Catharine P. Dennis, b. September 18, 1854.
Frances Bower, infant d. of Francis and Catharine
Bower, b. October 22, 1854.
April 8, 1855.
Alice Pierce, infant d. of Dr. Thos. A. and Ann V. Pierce,
b. October 27, 1853.
July 15, 1855.
Edward Warren Sturdevant, infant s. of E. W. and L. H.
Sturdevant, b. November 12, 1854.
July 31, 1855.
Charles Bonhomme Rickard, infant s. of A. G. and
Rebecca C. Rickard, b. September 28, 1854.
August 5, 1855.
Elizabeth Ann Badnall, infant d. of William and Eliza-
beth Badnall, b. March 4, 1855, in Plymouth.
August 12, 1855.
Warren Jay Woodward, infant s. of W. J. and Catharine
Woodward, b. October 23, 1854.
October 28, 1855.
Frank Palmer Myers, infant s. of P. H. and Lucinda C.
Myers, b. March 25, 1855.
Margaret Jane Patten, infant d. of Andrew and Margaret
Patten, b. January 24, 1855.
November 15, 1855.
Ebenezer Warren Sturdevant, adult s. of
November 18, 1855.
Charles Edward Butler, adult s. of Steuben and Julia
Butler, b. August 4, 1825.
THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHENS. IQ5
December 23, 1855.
Paulina Bateman, infant d. of John and Hannah Bate-
man, b. June 6, 1855.
Jane Ellen Nixon, infant d. of George and Ann Nixon, b.
October 26, 1855.
Margaret Ann Race, infant d. of George and Ann Race,
b. March 20, 1855.
March 23, 1856.
Thomas Winfield Wilson, infant s. of Robert and Sarah
Wilson, b. November 6, 1855.
Frederick Wm. Riesz, infant s. of Joseph and Magdalene
Riesz, b. November 25, 1854.
March 30, 1856.
David Roth Mofs, infant s. of Samuel and Ann Mofs, b.
February 20, 1856.
April i, 1856.
Henry Goodwin Denison, infant s. of Charles and
Denison, b. January 28, 1854.
July 13, 1856.
Arabella Duncan Lewis, adult d. of Geo. and Mary Cha-
hoon.
July 14, 1856.
Sterling Ross Loop, infant s. of E. S. and C. B. Loop.
August 21, 1856.
John Sharp, infant s. of Robert and Margaret Sharp, b.
July 30, 1856.
August 24, 1856.
Le Clerc Robinson, infant s. of Sam1 M. and Adelaide L.
Robinson, b. January 14, 1856.
Augustus Benjamin Muller, infant s. of H. G. A. and
Sarah I. Muller, b. May 8, 1856.
Sarah Slocum Hillard, infant d. of O. B. and Hannah E.
Hillard.
Eliza Jane Smith, infant d. of Isaac and Elizabeth Smith,
b. November 3, 1855.
December 14, 1856.
William Augustus Bacon, infant s. of Francis and Har-
riet R. Bacon, b. Nov. 27, 1856.
February 20, 1857.
Sarah Jane Shay, infant d. of John and Sarah Ann Shay,
b. December 14, 1853.
Charles Francis Shay, infant s. of John and Sarah Ann
Shay, b. September 9, 1855.
196 THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN^.
March 29, 1857.
Henry Howard Pierce, infant s. of Thomas A. and Anne
V. Pierce, b. December 8, 1855.
March 30, 1857.
Catharine Woodward, infant d. of Warren J. and Cath-
arine S. Woodward, b. May 16, 1856.
April 12, 1857.
William Robinson Marshall, infant s. of Samuel R. and
Eliza Marshall, b. January 6, 1857.
June 7, 1857.
Hannah Amanda Patten, infant d. of Andrew and Mar-
garet Patten, b. March 3, 1857.
June 24, 1857.
Ruth Collings, adult d. of John and Clarifsa Jameson, b.
May 7.
Lucinda Church Myers, adult d. of Thomas C. and Abi-
gail Reese, b. September 22, 1834.
June 21, 1857.
Amanda Teed, adult d. of John and Catharine Dean, b.
May i, 1829.
Mary Reynolds, a^ult d. of Lazarus and Elizabeth Deni-
son, b. September 22, 1807.
Elizabeth Collings, adult d. of Andrew and Julia A. Beau-
mont, b. November 4, 1845.
Rebecca Douglafs Carey, adult d. of Samuel and Rebecca
D. Jennison, b. May 28, 1794.
August 2, 1857.
Frank Teas Sturdevant, infant s. of E. W. and Lucy
Sturdevant, b. April 7, 1857.
George Gustavus West Maffet, infant s. of Wm. and
Adelia MafFet, b. June 10, 1856.
Maria Patton Denison, infant d. of Charles and Ellen
Denison, b. November 12, 1856.
Alice Thatcher, infant d. of Wm. and Emily S. Thatcher.
September 6, 1857.
Freeman Thomas Teed, infant s. of Gilbert Goldring and
Amanda Teed, b. July 14, 1851.
Julia Miner, adult d.
December 27, 1857.
Elizabeth May Brundage, infant d. of Asa and Frances
Brundage, b. February 13, 1857.
Ellen Agusta Myers, infant d. of P. H. and Lucinda C.
Myers, b. March i, 1857.
THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN S. 197
January 5, 1858.
Mary Ann Rofs, infant d. of Samuel and Ann Rofs, b.
January i, 1858.
February 7, 1858.
Hannah Elizabeth Lookyear, infant d. of John and Mar-
tha Lookyear, b. December 23, 1856.
Martha Elizabeth Race, infant d. of Geo. and Ann Race,
b. July 2, 1857.
February 26, 1858.
William Ett. Ward, infant s. of Wm. A. and Esther Ann
Ward, b. May 8, 1855.
March 28, 1858.
Emma Jane Green, infant d. of Abner and Ann Green, b.
February 15, 1858.
April 4, 1858.
Mary Ann Nixon, infant d. of Geo. and Ann Nixon, b.
January 15, 1858.
June 27, 1858.
Margaret Roughsedge, infant d. of Wm. and Mary Ann
Roughsedge, b. September 6, 1856.
Harriet Roughsedge, infant d. of Wm. and Mary Ann
Roughsedge, b. March 18, 1858.
August 29, 1858.
Alice Patten, infant d. of George and Ann Patten, b.
March 29, 1855.
Hannah Catharine Patten, infant d. of George and Ann
Patten, b. September 9, 1857.
Frances Elizabeth Wilson, infant d. of Robert and Sarah
Wilson, b. November 9, 1857.
October 3, 1858.
Letteer Scott, adult d. of Ethen and Mary Scott, b. Jan-
uary 21, 1834.
Clarinda Carter, adult d. of Daniel and Melinda Collings,
b. November 29, 1831.
October 17, 1858.
Anna Sayler Carter, infant d. of John W. and Clarinda
Carter, b. December 12, 1857.
Alexander Baldwin, infant s. of A. J. and Mary H. Bald-
win, b. August 31, 1852.
Harry Hakes Baldwin, infant s. of A. J. and Mary H.
Baldwin, b. September 27, 1854.
Maud Baldwin, infant d. of A. J. and Mary H. Baldwin,
b. June 27, 1857.
198 THE PARISH REGISTER OF ST. STEPHEN^.
November 7, 1858.
Adelaide Maffet, infant d. of William and Adelaide Maf-
fet, b. July i, 1858.
January 2, 1859.
Letitia Wright Miner, infant d. of Wm. P. and E. D.
Miner, b. February 25, 1858.
January 23, 1859.
Stephen Young Kittle, adult s. of Ephriam R. and Abigail
Kittle, b. October 18, 1817.
March 30, 1859.
Joseph Henry Beadle, s. of Jefse and Anna Beadle, b.
September 14, 1851.
Emma Jane Beadle, d. of Jefse and Anna Beadle, b. May
13, 1854.
George Miller Beadle, s. of Jefse and Anna Beadle, b.
August 19, 1856.
Caroline Beadle, infant d. Jefse and Anna Beadle, b. Sep-
tember 22, 1858.
April 24, 1859.
Samuel Robinson Marshall, infant s. of Samuel R. and
Eliza Marshall, b. January 3, 1859.
John Richard Stanton, infant s. of James H. and Martha
Stanton, b. July 26, 1858.
Mary Ann Sharpe, infant d. of Robert and Margaret
Sharpe, b. September 4, 1858.
July 17, 1859.
John Lookyear, infant s. of John and Martha Lookyear,
b. January 7, 1859.
August 14, 1859.
George Race, infant s. of George and Nancy Race, b. July
i, 1859.
August 18, 1859.
John Nesbitt Conyngham, infant s. of Thos. D. and Har-
riett M. Conyngham, b. February 7, 1859.
August 28, 1859.
Elisa Newcomb, infant d. of Wm. and Susan Newcomb,
b. March n, 1856.
Martha Newcomb, infant d. of Wm. and Susan New-
comb, b. January 29, 1859.
SOME INDIAN GRAVES AT PLYMOUTH, PA.
BY CHRISTOPHER WREN.
Curator of Ethnology.
READ BEFORE THE WYOMING HISTORICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
APRIL 26, 1912.
LINES TO A SKELETON.
(London Chronicle about 1830.)
Behold this ruin ! 'Twas a skull
Once of ethereal spirit full ;
This narrow cell was life's retreat,
This space was thought's mysterious seat ;
What beauteous visions filled this spot,
What dreams of pleasure long forgot;
Nor hope, nor joy, nor love, nor fear,
Has left one trace of record here.
Beneath this mouldering canopy
Once shone the bright and busy eye ;
But start not at the dismal void !
If social love that eye employed,
If with no lawless fire it gleamed,
But through the dew of kindness beamed,
That eye shall be forever bright
When stars and sun are sunk in night.
Within this hollow cavern hung
The ready, swift and tuneful tongue,
If falsehood's honey is disdained,
And where it could not praise was chained ;
If bold in virtue's cause it spoke,
Yet gentle concord never broke ;
This silent tongue shall plead for thee
When time unveils eternity.
Say, did these fingers delve the mine,
Or with envied rubies shine?
To hew the rock or wear the gem,
Can little now avail to them ;
But if the page of truth they sought,
Or comfort to the mourners brought,
These hands a richer meed shall claim
Than all that wait on wealth or fame.
Avails it whether bare or shod
These feet the paths of duty trod
If from the halls of ease they fled
To seek affliction's humble shed;
If grandeur's guilty bribe they spurned,
And home to virtue's cot returned —
These feet with angel's wings shall vie,
And tread the palace of the sky. — Anon.
2OO SOME INDIAN GRAVES AT PLYMOUTH, PA.
In the first week of June, 1905, while excavating for a
cellar on the south side of Bead street, in Plymouth, Pa.,
three Indian skeletons were exposed by the workmen. The
bodies were lying in ground on Bead Hill, directly adjoin-
ing, on the west, a brick dwelling No. 418 Bead street, for-
merly owned by Mr. Theodore Renshaw.
The location has long been known as an Indian burial
place, and the hill and street both got their names because,
in years past, when the ground was under cultivation, the
farmers' plows frequently turned up numerous glass beads.
Bead Hill lies about one hundred (100) yards directly
west of the Carey avenue bridge, which crosses the Susque-
hanna river at this point, and is the top of what is locally
known as "Plymouth Rock". The hill is about two hundred
(200) yards long, running east and west along the river,
and rises at the highest point, where these bodies were
found, to about fifty (50) feet above the river level. Directly
west of the hill the fand falls away to a lower level, where
it is known that an Indian village was located, from arrow
points and other stone implements having been found there.
In the survey of the Manor of Sunbury, made by Wm.
Scull, for the Proprietaries in the year 1768, and published
as Map No. 67, in Volume IV, of the Third series of Penn-
sylvania Archives, Bead Hill, is marked as a "Pine Hill"
and the village on the lower ground is located and described
as "Old Shawanese Town". A copy of this map forms a
part of this paper.
In going over this ground several years ago with Oscar
J. Harvey, Esq., for the purpose of locating Indian village
sites for his new History of Wilkes-Barre and Wyoming
Valley, he using an old map and the diary of John Martin
Mack, who was the companion of Count Zinzendorf during
his visit to Wyoming Valley, and the writer pointing out
camp or village sites which he had located from marks still
on the ground, we became pretty well satisfied that it was
to Bead Hill that Zinzendorf had retired when the incident
SOME INDIAN GRAVES AT PLYMOUTH, PA. 2OI
of the unfriendly Indians and the snake, described in our
histories, is said to have occurred. We arrived at this con-
clusion by means of the diary by tracing Zinzendorf and
Mack day by day through the different villages which they
mention as having stopped at, from their entry into the west
end of the valley, in their journey up the river. The location
seems to fit all the conditions described, as a place of retire-
ment from the village on the lower ground several hundred
yards distant.
The bodies which give rise to this paper were all found
within a space of thirty (30) feet square, that being the
size of the cellar which was being excavated. They were
buried about two (2) feet below the surface, in a sandy soil,
formed largely from the disintegration of the soft rock com-
posing the hill ; the material coming out of the cellar being
afterwards used in mixing the concrete for the foundation
of the building.
The bodies were all stretched at full length on their backs,
with their feet towards the east.
Body No. i was probaby that of a woman, being consid-
erably smaller than the other two. It may have been the
wife of No. 2, near which it lay. Before this body was
placed in the grave, a floor of flat stones had been laid down,
on which it rested, and a row of stones set on edge sur-
rounded it, differing in the former particular from the other
two burials. No objects, so far as noticed, were with this
body.
Body No. 2, lying about three (3) feet north of No. i,
was that of a good-sized man, who seems to have been a
person of some distinction. One of the men who did the
digging said that he measured this skeleton with a four-foot
stick which he had, and that it was about six (6) feet six
(6) inches long. The exactness of this measurement is,
however, open to some doubt.
In this case the body was also bordered around with a
row of stones set up on edge. With the body were found
2O2 SOME INDIAN GRAVES AT PLYMOUTH, PA.
about two hundred (200) faceted dark blue glass beads of
the usual pattern found in graves of this region. The entire
breast was covered with closely embroidered bead work,
made of small glass beads, principally of white and blue
color, which were so small that but few of them were
secured, as they became mixed with the loose earth. Ex-
tending down the body from the left shoulder was a string
of one hundred (100) or more brass finger rings, a number
with crude seals in them of cameo design, made of clear or
semi-transparent glass. A personal examination of some of
these rings showed the seals were made in a mold.
There were also with this body two long-necked glass bot-
tles or decanters, one of which was broken by the pick of
the workman; also an object, which from the description
seems to have been a tubular baked clay pipe.
Body No. 3 was buried in all particulars like No. 2, ex-
cept that no objects were noticed as being associated with it.
This body lay some distance from the other two, and only
the upper half of it extended into the cellar excavation.
All the relics became scattered among the bystanders who
had gathered when it was known that skeletons had been
found, and they could not be collected again the next day,
although the writer tried to secure them.
As the digging was done by Polish coal miners after they
had finished their regular day's work at the mines, and dark-
ness came on while they were engaged in the work, it is
quite probable that other objects may have been in the
graves which were entirely overlooked, the chief interest of
the miners being to get their cellar dug out.
So much attention has been given to the details of these
burials because it is a curious fact that very few Indian
graves have been found in Wyoming Valley, and there seems
to be no single case in which an effort has been made to de-
scribe the conditions surrounding such a burial with any de-
gree of exactness.
It is somewhat remarkable also that but very few Indian
-
PLYMOUTH, PA.
~C=f=}
ff
t/ Pr^~~
H
^,^^
iQr
LIN5 OF CELLAR
lUl
•u
lu.
•o
L
•z
P
. _ _ Jl
Diagram of Indian Graves on Bead Hill, Plymouth, Pa.
SOME INDIAN GRAVES AT PLYMOUTH, PA. 2O3
burial places have been located in the valley, while there is
much evidence of the occupancy of the region by the abo-
rigines, in the many stone implements which are found on
camp and village sites. Future discoveries of such burial
places will doubtless be made which will throw additional
light on the mortuary customs of the Indian tribes that lived
in Wyoming Valley and along the Susquehanna river.
For the reasons mentioned the writer has secured the best
data obtainable in the cases under consideration, appreciat-
ing that the information is incomplete in many important
particulars, but he hopes that this paper may add something
to our knowledge about local Indian burials.
Because the glass beads and bottles are of the white man's
manufacture, it is evident that the burials described were
made after the Indians had come in contact with our own
people.
(Memorandum.)
PLYMOUTH ROCK.
Plymouth Rock is an abrupt bluff of soft sandstone which
juts out about one hundred and fifty (150) feet into the
Susquehanna river on the easterly end of the town of Plym-
outh, Pa. It has a sheer rise of about thirty (30) feet at
the most easterly end and about four hundred (400) feet
westward rises by a steep pitch to about fifty (50) feet
above the water line, somewhat back from the water's edge.
The northern end of the Carey avenue bridge rests on the
rock, and Richard's Island, the only island in the river be-
tween Plymouth and Nanticoke, is opposite Pymouth at this
point. (See Map of Sunbury Manor.)
Plymouth Rock forms a barrier which protects the town
from the direct currents of the river and is the only high
spot directly on the river bank from Plymouth to Nanticoke
dam, a distance of about five (5) miles down the river.
Within the past fifty years there have been at least two
occasions on which the water rose between twenty-five and
thirty feet above low water mark, accompanied by great
2O4 SOME INDIAN GRAVES AT PLYMOUTH, PA.
quantities of thick ice, when, without the protection which
the rock affords, the town would have been swept by swift
running water and ice, to the serious damage of property on
the low lying lands.
About a mile and a quarter down the river, from the
rock, the river takes an abrupt bend, nearly at a right angle,
to the southeast for a distance of about fifteen hundred feet,
which makes room for the Shawnee Flats on the northerly
side of the river, forming a level plateau about one-half a
mile wide and about three miles long. These "flats" were
much occupied in Indian days, as is indicated by a number
of camp or village sites located on them. (See map.)
It was to the easterly end of Plymouth Rock that the In-
dians took Zinzendorf and Mack, from "Old Shawanese
Town", and, pointing to a burial ground (now Shupp's
graveyard) on an elevation about a quarter of a mile up the
river, said that Indians were buried there, but they did not
know who they were, as the graves were there when they
came into the country, as described in the diary of John
Martin Mack.
Plymouth Rock takes its name from the town and the
town got its name because some of the earliest settlers were
descendants of the Pilgrims who landed on Plymouth Rock
iii Massachusetts, who removed to Connecticut and came to
Plymouth about the year 1763, with the first New England
settlers of Wyoming Valley.
THE RECORDS OF THE TOWN OF WESTMORELAND. 2O5
THE RECORDS OF THE TOWN OF
WESTMORELAND,
IN THE COLLECTIONS OF THE WYOMING
HISTORICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
For many years this Society has been the possessor of a
certain portion of the old "Records of the Town of West-
moreland" as the Wyoming section of Pennsylvania was
called one hundred and fifty years ago. The editor promised
in the preface to Volume X to publish a part of these in
Volume XI and subsequent issues, but it was not found con-
venient to fulfill this promise until the present volume was
under way.
The "Records" contain many land transactions between
the Susquehanna company and the early settlers, as well as
many "Minutes of the Meetings of the Inhabitants."
In the admirable and exhaustive "History of Wilkes-
Barre", by Oscar J. Harvey, Esq., Volume I, pages 25-28,
an excellent and a full account of these Records is given,
as he was permitted to copy a number of these early "min-
ues", which will be found in Volume II of his work. The
"Records" cover the period from 1772 to 1777; the land
transactions being of great historic value, their publication
in the volumes of the Society will interest the members,
and as the "minutes" are scattered throughout the manu-
script which will be continued through several of our annual
volumes, they will be included for the benefit of many who
will not see Mr. Harvey's History.
The portion of these valuable manuscripts held by this
Society include only 431 out of 2,000 pages. Thus they are
incomplete for reasons which are explained in Mr. Harvey's
book. They will be published as they run chronologically,
"verbatim et literatim".
2O6 THE RECORDS OF THE TOWN OF WESTMORELAND.
WESTMORELAND RECORDS, P. 1034.
Sd 26th Day * * * Laid out for Nicholas Phillips
* * Major John Durge Beginning * * by Susquehan-
nah River being the * * laid out for William Slu[man]
* * N. 32 Degrs west 173 Rods to a pine [tree
thence Running No 49 Degrs East 103 * * to a Pine
Stake Stones about it * * * Runing S. 32 Degrs
East 182 Rods to ye River and by sd River about 1 10 Rods
to ye first * * Boundarys furveyed by John Jenkins Sur-
veyor
Received ye above Survey to Record September 14th
1772. and Recorded per me
EZEKIEL PEIRCE Clerk
P. 1035-
To all People to whom thefe Prefents Shall Come Greet-
ing Know ye that I. Nicholas Phillips on ye Susquehanna
Purchafe Do for & in Confideration of the fum of Forty
Five pounds Lawfull money of New England to me In
Hand allready Received of Phillip wintermote of mountien
townfhip in ye County Sufsex in ye Province of New Jer-
sey which is to my full Content & fatisfaction therefore I
Ye sd- Nicholas Phillips Do by thefe Prefents Give Grant
Bargain fell and Do by thefe Presents * * * * Pur-
chafe which purchase was made by a Number of Propria-
tors and purchafed of ye [Indian] Natives of sd Land as
per Deed from sd Native Propriators &c: as I ye sd Phillips
am a Re [ceiver] by a Deed from Zebulon Butler &c: To-
gether with about 116 acres of Land Lying about * *
Rods North of Kingstown where I ye sd Phillips [now]
Lives which Land was Surveyed by John Jenkins Surveyor ;
by order of Majr John Durge as may be feen by ye Survey;
as part of my Proprietors Right sd 116 acres is Bounded as
Followes Beginning at an ash ftake by Susquehannah River :
thence Runing North 32: Degrs west 173 Rods to a Pine
Stake by 'the Rode: thence Runing North 49 Degrs East 105
Rods by sd Rode to a Pine Stake Stones about it; thence
Runing S : 32 Degrs East 182 Rods to ye River — thence by
sd River about 100 Rods to ye first mentioned Boundaryes
To Have and to Hold all the above sd tract or Tracts of
Land to be and Remain unto him ye sd Phillip wintermote
and to his Heirs Execors & adminors & afsigns forever. To-
gather with my Dwelling Houfe & with all Privileges and
THE RECORDS OF THE TOWN OF WESTMORELAND. 2O7
appurtenances thereon or [there] belonging free and Clear
from sd Nicholas Phillips or from my Heirs Execuors or
adminors or afsigns or from any other Perfon or Perfons by
from or under me or By my Procurement In witnefs where
of I the sd Nicholas Phillips Have Hereunto fet to my Hand
and feal this 14th Day of September and ye 12th year of ye
Reign of our Sovereign Lord George the 3d King Anno
Domini 1772
NICHOLAS PHILLIPS (Seal)
Signed Sealed and Delivered
In Prefence of
TIMOTHY PEIRCE
ANDREW SPAULDING
Received ye above Deed to Record September ye 14th
1772. and Recorded per me
EZEKIEL PEIRCE Recorder
p. 1036.
Westmoreland ss. Litchfield County March ye IIth 1776
there Perfonally appeared ye above named Nicholas Phillips
ye figner & fealer of ye foregoing Inftrument & acknowl-
edged ye fame to be his free act & Deed Before me Nathan
Denifon Justice of ye Peace
Jonathan Pritchard His Eare Mark is a Slit in the End of
the Right Eare Entred May 31. 1773
Nicholas Manvel His Eare marke is Hopping [ ?] the
upper side of the Left Eare and a Slit in the End of the
Right Eare Entered June the 9th Day 1775
p. 1037.
To all People to Whom thefe Prefents Shall Come Greet-
ing Know ye that I Afahel Buck of the County of Dutches
and Province of New york Do for the Confidera-
from tion of Eight pounds money of New york Re-
Afahel ceived to my full fatisfaction of John Depew of
Buck ye County of Cumberland and province of Penfil-
vania Receipt whereof I Do hereby acknowledge
myself fully fatisfied and paid for one half Right or Share
of Land throughout the Conneccticutt Susquehanna pur-
chafe sd Right oridgonally belonged to Jefse Stevens of
Canaan in Connecticutt and I the sd Buck Do fell Quit
Claim Releaf and Discharge unto ye sd Depue ye above sd
208 THE RECORDS OF THE TOWN OF WESTMORELAND.
Half Right and I ye sd Afahel Buck Do Bind my f elf Heirs
ExecuorsAdminors and afsigns for Ever to Quit Claim &
Discharge ye above mentioned Right, with all ye Priveleges
and appurtenances belonging to the sd Half Right free and
Clear from all L & H [ ?] trouble or molleftation unto the
sd John Depue his heirs Execuors Adminors and afsigns for
there own proper ufe Benefitt and Behoof whereof I Have
hereunto fet my Hand & Seal this ye 13th Day of march in
ye 12th year of ye Reign of our Sovereign Lord George ye
3d King &c : and in ye year of our Lord 1772
ASAHEL BUCK (Seal)
Signed Sealed & Delivered
in Prefence of us
STEPHEN DUREL
SAMUEL HOGHKIS
Recd ye above Deed to Record September i8th 1772. Re-
corded per me
EZEKIEL PEIRCE Recorder
p. 1038.
Susquehannah Septber i6th Day 1772 Then Laid out for
John Depue by order of ye Settling Comtee at this place a
peice of Land on ye west fide of ye Susquehan-
John nah River oppefite the falling Spring and on ye
Depues origanol Susquehanna Right of Jeffe Stevens:
Survay of first beginning at a Hemlock marked ftanding on
his Land ye west fide of fd River : thence Runing N : 33°
w : 140 rods to a Read oak ftanding on ye fide
of a Hill: thence Runing N: 15° E: 340 Rods acrofs a
mountain to a Hemlock ftanding on ye west side of sd
River ; thence Down sd River by ye River and mountain S :
56° E : 146 Rods to a Hemlock : thence S. 40° E : 88 rods :
thence S : 39° W. 280 Rods : thence S : 18° W. 38 Rods to
ye first Bounds being be Estimation about 358 acres; the
above Courfes were taken By me
JOHN JENKINS Surveyor
Receive the above Survey to Record September ye i8th
1772. & Recorded per me
EZEKIEL PEIRCE Recorder
THE ROCORDS OF THE TOWN OF WESTMORELAND. 2OQ
PP. IO39-IO4O.
Begining on ye Bank on ye west fide of ye River 130
Rods to foort hunt to a white ash tree marked on 4 fides
E: S: on it: from thence North Weft 160 rods
Ebenezer to a pitch pine marked as ye other is : then
Searls North East 160 rods to a pitch pine tree marked
his pitch as ye other trees — thence East to a white ash
marked as ye other trees are 160 rods thence to
ye Bank of ye River as ye River Runeth to ye first men-
tioned Bounds fupposed to be 160 acres more or Lefs
To all People to whom thefe Prefents Shall Come Greet-
ing Know ye that John Staples of wilkesbarre In ye Sus-
quehannah Purchafe Do for & in Confidera-
Caleb tion of ye fum of fix pounds Lawfull money
Sweatlands to me In Hand allready Received of Caleb
Deed from Sweatland of Rent which is to my full Con-
John tent & fatisfaction therefore I ye fd Staples Do
Staples hereby Give Grant Bargain Sell and Do by
thefe prefents Quit all my Right Intrust Claim
& Demand In & unto one half Share of a propriators Right
of Land in ye Susquehannah Purchafe made by a Large
Number of Propriators Purchest of ye Indian Natives by
a Deed from fd Natives &c: which half Share or Right of
Land I Had of ye adminors of Capt Dods Estate in Groton
Reference Being Had thereto Excepting one fetling Right
which I ye sd Staples figned in a townfhip that Noah Phelps
Laid out on ye west Branch which I Gave a Deed to Samuel
Hotchkis for — which is out of sd- Half propriators Right
of Land &c: Reference Being Had thereto To Have and
to Hold unto him ye sd Sweatland and to his Heirs Ex-
ecu01"5 & adminors & afsigns for Ever free, and Clear from
me ye fd Staples or from my Heirs Execuors or adminors or
afsigns for Ever Hereafter In witnefs whereof I the fd
Staples have hereunto fet my Hand and Seal this 23rd Day
of September in ye 12th year of ye Reign of our Sovereign
Lord George ye 3d King &c. AD. 1772
JOHN STAPLES (Seal)
Signed Sealed & Delivered
In Prefence of
JOSEPH FISH
FREDERICK CURTIS
2IO THE ROCORDS OF THE TOWN OF WESTMORELAND.
Att a meeting of ye Propriators Legally Warned and
Held at wilksbarre September 22nd 1772
Capt Gore was chofen moderator for ye work of ye Day —
this meeting is adjourned untill ye 26th Day of this In-
stant September at 8 of ye Clock in ye forenoon at this
place —
This meeting is opened & Held by an adjournment Sep-
tember 26th 1772 —
It was then Put to vote wheather or no this Company will
fend an agent to ye Generall afsembly In October Next, with
a memorial from this Company — voted in ye affirmative —
Voted that obadiah Gore gnt is appointed agent for
this Company to Represent ye Generall Afsembly to be
Holden att Newhaven ye 2nd Thursday of October Next
with ye memorial &c —
Voted — this meeting is Difsolved &c
PP. 1044-1045.
To all People to Whom Thefe Prefents Shall Come Greet-
ing Know ye that I John Staples of wiksbarre on ye Sus-
quehanrfeh Purchafe Do for and in Confidera-
Enoch tion of ye fum of Ten pounds Law full money
Judd his of New England to me in Hand allready Re-
Deed from ceived of Enoch Judd of wilksbarre in sd Pur-
John chafe which is to my full Content & Satisfac-
Staples tion therefore I the sd John Staples Do hereby
Give Grant Bargain fell Convey and Confirm
unto him ye sd Enoch Judd and to his Heirs, Execuors &
adminorsand afsigns for Ever ye Land & Premifes Here-
after mentioned It Being one Half of a Propriatorfhip
Right of Land in ye Purchafe made by a Large Number of
Propriators on ye Susquehannah River Purchafed of ye
Indian Natives by Deed from sd Natives &c: Therefore I
the sd John Staple Do by thefe Prefents Quit all my Right
Title Interest Claime & Demand in & unto one Half of a
Propriatorfhip Right of Land which Half Right or Shair
of Land I ye sd John Staples Purchased of Timothy Keyes
of Newmoulbany in ye Province of ye mafsachufetts Bay
as per Deed on ye Records of wilkesbarre may be seen
Reference being Had Thereto &c. To Have and to Hold
unto him the sd Enoch Judd and to his Heirs Execuors &
adminors & afsigns for Ever Hereafter Together with all
THE RECORDS OF THE TOWN OF WESTMORELAND. 211
my Rights & Privileges Interest Claim & Demand In and
unto one fetling Right of Land in a townfhip of Land Laid
out on ye west Branch of Sufquehanna River by Increafe
mofeley Esq of woodbury as ye sd mofeley is agent to and
for a Number of Propriators in sd townfhip as I ye sd
Staples am one of the figners to sd townfhip as may be feen
in ye articles of agreement of sd Propriators to sd township
&c : Reference being Had thereto True and Clear from me
ye sd John Staples or from my Heirs Execuors & adminors or
afsigns or any other Perfon or Perfons by from or under
me In Witnefs where of I the sd John Staples Have Here-
unto set to my Hand & Seall this 9th Day of September and
in ye 12th year of ye Reign of our Sovereign Lord George
ye 3rd King &c A D. 1772.
(his
JOHN STAPLES seal)
Signed Sealed & Delivered
In Prefence of
ASA STEVENS
EZEKIEL PEIRCE
Received ye above Deed to Record October ye 3d 1772 and
Recorded per me EZEKIEL PEIRCE Recorder &c.
p. 1046.
Susquehannah September 15th Day 1772. Then Laid out
on the origanal Right of James Horton for Phillip Buck a
Peice of Land ajoyning to Peter mathews: and
Phillip Begining at his Northwesterly Corner at ye mouth
Bucks of a Crick: thence North 85° w. Eighteen Rods by
Survay ye River; thence North 75° w: one Hundred and
seventy four Rods to the mouth of a Creek;
thence North 43° W: forty Rods to a walnut: thence N.
45° E: two Hundred and Eighty-Eight Rods: thence South
43° E: two Hundred and ten Rods: thence S: 45° W: one
Hundred & Ninety two Rods, to ye first Bound the above
Courfes and Distances were taken ye Day of ye above Date
by me
JOHN JENKINS Surveyor.
Received ye above Survey to Record October ye 5th 1772
and Recorded per me EZEKIEL PEIRCE Clark
212 THE RECORDS OF THE TOWN OF WESTMORELAND.
P. IO47.
Att a meeting of the Propriators & Setlers Legally
warned and Held in wilksbarre October 2nd 1772 — Capt
Butler was chofen moderator for ye work of ye Day —
Voted — that Cap* Gore Cap Butler Majr Peirce be and
they are hereby appointed a Comtee to provid a place or
Houfe for ye Revnd Mr Jacob Johnson to Live in this win-
ter &c
Voted — by this Companey to Continue their mustring one
a fortnite on Mondays at two of ye Clock in ye afternoon.
Voted — that mr Purkins of Kingstown mr Cary of Lack-
awarna mr Gofs for Plymouth mr Daniel Gore for wilks-
barre mr William Stewart for Hannover are appointed a
Comtee to Draw Subscriptions and fe what they Can Git
Signed by ye adjoned meeting for ye makeing a Rode from
Dilleware River to Pittstown —
Voted — this meeting is adjorned untill mounday ye 5th
Day of this Inftant October at one of the Clock in ye after-
noon at this Place —
p. 1048.
October 5th 1772 this meeting is opned and Held by an ad-
jornment. &c —
Voted, that Esqr Tryp mr John Jenkins mr Phillip Gofs
mr John Purkins Capt Bates mr Daniel Gore mr william
Stewart are appointed Comteemen to mark out ye Rode from
Dillaware River to Pittstown &c —
Voted — that Cap1 Butler is appointed to Receive in ye
money & Grain that Each man has figned to ye fubscriptions
for ye makeing of ye Rode from Dilleware River to Pitts-
town and pay out ye fame by orders from ye Comtee ap-
pointed to do sd work
Voted that ye Comtee appointed to make out ye Rode from
Dilleware River to Pittstown are appointed as a Comtee to fe
sd Rode made & Compleated &c
Voted that if any Propriator or Settler Now on sd Land
or Shall be Received in as a Settler that Shall Refufe or
Neglect to Do his Duty in Guarding & Scouting when
warned thereto shall be Punifhed according to ye Laws of
ye Coloney of Connecticutt &c
Voted — that mr Jabez Sills is appointed to be fealer of
weights & meafures for ye time Being for this Company &c
Voted that this meeting is Difsolved &c —
THE RECORDS OF THE TOWN OF WESTMORELAND. 213
P. 1049.
Susquehannah in Connecticutt Sepber i8th Day 1772 —
Then Laid out for auftin Hunt on the original Right of
Jedidiah Richard one tract of land in ye west fide
Austin of Susquehannah River first begining at ye mouth
Hunts of a fmall Crick at a Bafswood tree: thence Ex-
Survey tending up fd River North 16 rods to a Bend in sd
River : thence North 26° E one hundred & Twenty
Eight rods to a Red oak mark ftanding on ye Bank of ye
river Near ye mountain South of Depews : thence S : 50° w :
along ye fide of ye mountain 240 rods to a Red oak marked :
thence S : 80° w : 80 Rods to a white oak tree marked :
thence 26° w : Sixty Eight rods to a Black walnut marked :
thence S : 80° w. Eighty rods to a pine marked : thence S.
26° w : 178 rods to a Birch in a fwamp : thence N : 55° E.
470 rods to ye first Bounds Containing by Estimation two
Hundred & Nine acres & 54 rods and all convenient High-
ways is Referved through ye fame the above Courfes & Dis-
tances : were taken by me ye Day of the above date —
JOHN JENKINS) Surveyor
Received ye above furvey to Record October 17. 1772 and
Recorded per me EZEKIEL PEIRCE Clerk
for sd Company
JUDGE JESSE FELL'S EXPERIMENT WITH
WYOMING COAL.
The following letter addressed to the editor gives a
somewhat variant account of the experiment successfully
made by Judge Fell in burning Wyoming coal in a domestic
grate. It must be compared with the statement made by
Judge Fell himself, for which see Preceedings of this So-
ciety, Vol. VII, pp. 41-42; and also that of the late Colonel
John Miner Cary Marble, Proceedings, Vol. VIII, pp. 116-
118. As this Society was organized to commemorate that
event any account that comes from contemporary authority
such as Nancy Johnson is of interest. With the "Old Fell
House" destroyed it is difficult in 1912 to place one's self in
the local environments of Judge Fell so exactly as to decide
whether the room in which the experiment was made was
the wash room, the kitchen room, the dining room or the
living room, or all four in one.
"Dear Sir: — Regarding Solomon Johnson, who assisted
Judge Fell in the first burning of anthracite coal for domes-
tic purposes ; he was a son-in-law of Judge Fell, a black-
smith by trade. While working in the blacksmith shop of
Judge Fell, where fhey were burning anthracite coal in the
forge, they frequently discussed the use of anthracite for
domestic purposes, and determined upon a trial which was
made in that portion of Judge Fell's house known as the
wash room. They put up the grate, filled it with coal, plac-
ing the kindling on top which then was the custom in ignit-
ing charcoal. They worked with a bellows until they be-
came discouraged, and then piled lots of kindling on top of
the coal and left the room. Sometime afterward it was
noticed through the windows that the room was all aglow,
whereupon opening the door they observed the glory of the
first grate full of burning anthracite coal. Nancy Johnson,
from whom this narrative was taken was the only issue of
Solomon Johnson and his wife Frances, Judge Fell's daugh-
ter. She lived with Judge Fell at the time of the incident
and remembered distinctly the details of the burning which
she related to me at times when she was impressive and I
receptive.
Nancy Johnson married Jacob Hann, with whom she
lived at Huntington Mills, Luzerne county. He was a
blacksmith who prior to marriage made his home with
Judge Fell. Very truly, JESSE T. MORGAN."
Wilkes-Barre, Pa., January 18, 1912.
OBITUARIES.
EDWARD EVERETT HOYT.
Resident member of this Society, born Kingston, January
2, 1859, died Kingston, January 28, 1908, was the third son
of John Dorrance and Elizabeth (Goodwin) Hoyt, who was
a brother of Hon. Henry Martyn Hoyt, governor of Penn-
sylvania, 1879-1883. His Hoyt ancestry is told in the
sketch of his brother-in-law, Dr. Frederic Corss. His
mother was a daughter of the late Abraham Goodwin, of
Kingston, and his wife, Sarah Myers, daughter of Philip
Myers, brother of Lieutenant Lawrence Myers, of Mary-
land and Wyoming.
Abraham Goodwin was a son of Abraham and Catherine
(King) Goodwin, who came to Wyoming from Connecticut
about 1784.
Mr. Hoyt was educated at the Wyoming Seminary, and
Lafayette College from which institution he graduated, A.
B., 1878. He studied law under his distinguished uncle,
Hon. Henry Martyn Hoyt, governor of Pennsylvania, and
was admitted to the bar September 17, 1880. His success
was assured in his profession, with his natural ability, well
trained mind and love of study ; but too early physical dis-
ability developed and the struggle with ill health began with
the result which usually follows. But the end found him
prepared by a faith which faltered not in the presence of
death. He was a director of the public schools of Kingston
and a member of the Presbyterian church. He was also a
member of the Luzerne Bar and Library Association since
1 88 1, and was made a member of this Society 1896.
H. E. H.
FREDERIC CORSS, A. M., M. D.
Resident member of this Society, born Athens, Pennsyl-
vania, January 16, 1812, died, Kingston, April i, 1908, was
the son of Rev. Charles Chapin Corss, A. B. A. M., of
2l6 OBITUARIES.
Princeton University, and his wife, Ann Hoyt; grandson
of Asher and Lucy (Grinnel) Corss; great grandson of
Asher and Submit (Chapin) Corss, of James and Thankful
(Munn) Corss, son of James and Elizabeth (Catlin) Corss,
of Deerfield, Mass., 1690. He thus descended from New
England ancestry of Colonial and Revolutionary service. His
father was a graduate of Amherst College and ordained a
minister by the Presbytery of Susquehanna. He was a suc-
cessful teacher and pastor in Northeastern Pennsylvania
from 1836 to 1874, and was especially instrumental in estab-
lishing the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute of Towanda,
Pa. His mother, Anne Hoyt, was the daughter of Ziba
Hoyt of Kingston, and his wife Nancy Hurlburt. He
served in the war of 1812 as First Lieutenant "Wyoming
Matross" at Lake Erie. Her grandfather, Daniel Hoyt,
and wife Ann Gunn, who came to the Wyoming Valley
from Danbury, Connecticut, 1795, was a son of Lieutenant
Comfort Hoyt 1758, Captain, 1768, Danbury militia, of the
fourth generation from Walter Hoyt of Windsor, Deputy to
the General Court twelve years, who came to Massachusetts
with his father Simon Hoyt, 1629.
Dr. Corss married June 19, 1872, Martha Sarah Hoyt, his
first cousin, daughter of John Dorrance Hoyt and his
first wife Martha Goodwin, daughter of Abram Goodwin,
Mrs. Corss, the niece of Governor Henry Martyn Hoyt,
Brigadier General U. S. Vol., 1861-1865, and governor of
Pennsylvania, 1879-1883.
Dr. Corss was educated at the Susquehanna Institute,
Wyoming Seminary, and Lafayette College where he grad-
uated, A. B., 1862, and A. M., 1865. He studied medicine
at the University of Pennsylvania, receiving his degree of
M. D. 1866. His practice began and ended at Kingston,
Pa., where for over forty years he stood abreast of his
profession in every thing. He was a very versatile man,
illuminating whatever he touched. But apart from his med-
ical studies he delighted most in geology in which he was
proficient. This Society has been so fortunate as to have
had several of his papers on this subject read before its
members, i. e.
"Drift Mounds of the Susqehanna," read before the So-
ciety in 1896; "Fossils in the River Drift at Pittston, Pa.,"
read in 1897 ; "Buried Valley and Pot-Holes in the Wyo-
ming Coal Field," read in 1899; "The Buried Valley of
OBITUARIES. 217
Wyoming," read in 1903, and "Glacial Rock on Shawnee
Mountain/' read in 1906. These are printed in volumes V.
VII, and X of the publications of this Society. A most
interesting account of him in his medical practice will be
found in Transactions of the Luzerne County Medical Asso-
ciation 1908. His deep interest in such matters will make
his death a severe loss to this Society of which he was
elected a member in 1895. Dr. Corss was a member of the
Wyoming Commemorative Association and of the Luzerne
County Medical Society, etc., etc. H. E. H.
MRS. EMILY AUGUSTA (DORRANCE) FARNHAM.
Resident member of this Society, born in Kingston, Pa.,
September i, 1844; died in Wilkes-Barre, February 7, 1909,
was the eighth child of Rev. John Dorrance, D. D., pastor of
First Presbyterian Church, Wilkes-Barre, 1833-1861, and
his wife Penelope Mercer, daughter of Samuel and
Mary (Reid) Mercer of Lancaster county, Pa.,
and granddaughter of Colonel James Mercer, Cap-
tain Fifth Battalion Lancaster Militia, 1777-1780,
and Colonel Seventh Battalion, 1780-1782, and mem-
ber of the Legislature, 1781-1784. Rev. John Dor-
rance was a son of Benjamin and Nancy (Buck-
ingham) Dorrance, and grandson of Lieutenant Colonel
George Dorrance, who commanded the right wing under
Colonel Nathan Denison in the battle of Wyoming July 3,
1778, and was captured and murdered after the massacre.
He was a son of Rev. Samuel Dorrance, who graduated
from Glasgow University, Scotland, and coming to Amer-
ica 1723, was pastor for fifty-two years of the Presbyterian
Church of Voluntown, Connecticut, dying November 12,
1775-
Mrs. Farnham married July 18, 1865, Alexander Farn-
ham, Esq., of the Luzerne County Bar, and a life member of
this Society. She was through her whole life a devoted
member of the First Presbyterian Church of Wilkes-Barre,
and actively connected with all its organizations. She was
also a member of the Board of Managers of the Wilkes-
Barre Home for Friendless Children, 1904-1905. Member
of the Board of Visiting Managers of the City Hospital
2l8 OBITUARIES.
from 1885 to 1898. She was also a member of the Wyo-
ming Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution.
Mrs. Farnham was elected a resident member of the
Wyoming Historical and Geological Society in 1895.
H. E. H.
SAMUEL HENDLEY LYNCH.
Resident member of this Society, born in Philadelphia
August 23, 1821 ; died in Wilkes-Barre April 19, 1909; was
the second son of Edward Lynch, Jr., born in Philadelphia
March 3, 1785 ; died in Wilkes-Barre January 18, 1864, and
his wife Martha Boyle. He was married by Rev. John
Dorrance May 2, 1850, to Anne Eliza Hillard, who was a
daughter of Oliver Burr and Harriet A. (Roberts) Hillard,
of Charleston, S. C., and Wilkes-Barre, of Revolutionary
and Colonial ancestry. (See Proceedings XL, 238.) He
was a grandson of Edward Lynch, Sr., of Philadelphia, who
married November 22, 1782, Anne Phillips; born, March i,
1818; died, February 15, 1825.
Edward Lynch, Sr., came from Cork, Ireland, to Boston,
at an early age. After his marriage he removed to Phila-
delphia where in 1891 he was a surveyor, and later a mer-
chant ; and member of the Hibernian Society. His wife was
of New England colonial and Revolutionary ancestry, Phil-
lips, Hunting, Foster, Waite, and Hendley.
Edward Lynch, Jr., was secretary of the Union Insurance
Company of Philadelphia until 1814, when he became a
clerk in the United States Bank until, in 1829, he was
elected cashier of the Wyoming Bank of this city, removing
here with his family in that year. He held this position
from January i, 1830, to November 21, 1863, when he was
elected vice president, which office he filled until his death.
(See Wilkes-Barre Record January 27, 1864, for resolutions
of the Bank on his character.)
Mr. Samuel Hendley Lynch was nine years old when he
came to this city. He entered the school of Jeremiah Fuller
at Northmoreland for several years. Later he entered the
Wilkes-Barre Academy under Daniel Ulman and other
teachers. He was treasurer of the Wyoming Valley Canal
Company from 1865 to 1868, when it was sold to the Penn-
sylvania Canal. Then he was engaged by Charles Parrish in
OBITUARIES. 219
his office. In 1873 he was made cashier of the Susquehanna
Coal Company, where he remained until his death, a period
of thirty-six years. He was also a director of the First
National Bank from 1888 to 1909, and from 1884 to 1888 a
member of the Council of Wilkes-Barre. With a very re-
tentative memory his mind was full of interesting reminis-
cences of Wyoming Valley. He frequently wrote articles
for the press. His article on "The Corners" school of
Fuller, and his poem on Wilkes-Barre Academy, published
in the Wyoming Historical Record, are full of humorous
allusions, and historical facts. His "Reminiscences of
Early Wilkes-Barre" was pubished in the "Proceedings" of
this Society, vol. VII, pp. 43-60. Mr. Lynch was elected a
member of this Society in 1901. He is survived by his
daughters, the Misses Edith H., Harriet H., and Mary B.
Lynch.
Mr. Lynch was from youth identified with the First Pres-
byterian Church, Wilkes-Barre, and at his death the oldest
elder of the church. H. E. H.
LIEUTENANT COLONEL GEORGE NICHOLAS REICHARD.
Born in Wilkes-Barre October 13, 1834; died in Wilkes-
Barre September 2, 1909; was the son of Hon. John and
Wilhelmina (Schrader) Reichard of Wilkes-Barre, and
grandson of John Reichard of Frankenthal, Bavaria, son of
George Reichard. John Reichard came to the United
States in 1833, and settling in Wilkes-Barre, 1834, engaged
in the brewery business. He became prominent in business
circles. In 1843 he organized the Wyoming Yeagers of
which he was elected captain. He also helped to organize
the Concordia Society and was the first president. He was
postmaster of Wilkes-Barre, 1853-1854, and in November,
1867, was commissioned Associate Judge of the county
courts. He was appointed by President Andrew Johnson
Consul of the United States at Ravenna, Italy, 1867. He
married, April, 1833, Wilhelmina Schrader, of Wilkes-
Barre, also a native of Frankenthal, Bavaria, and daughter
of Nicholas Schrader, relative of Captain Philip Schrader,
captain under General John Sullivan in his expedition
against the Indians, 1779.
Colonel George Nicholas Reichard was educated in the
220 OBITUARIES.
Wilkes-Barre schools and engaged with his father in the
brewery business until the opening of the Civil War, when
in April 23, 1861, he enlisted in Company G, Eighth Regi-
ment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, of which he was
elected captain, under Colonel A. H. Emley. As the regi-
ment was an emergency command when its time expired
July 29, 1861, it was mustered out at Harrisburg. Captain
Reichard then assisted in recruiting Company C, One Hun-
dred and Forty-Third Regiment, Edmund L. Dana, colonel.
In the Wilderness campaign Colonel Dana being captured,
and Colonel Charles M. Conyngham commanding the regi-
ment severely wounded, Captain Reichard assumed com-
mand of the regiment and was promoted lieutenant colonel
May 5-6, 1864. He was honorably discharged with his
command June 12, 1865.
Returning home he was appointed United States Assist-
ant Assessor in the Treasury Department for some years.
In 1899 he was taken into the brewery business under the
firm name of Reichard & Son, remaining in this connection
until the death of his father in 1884, when his brother, John
Reichard, entered the firm. In 1897 the Pennsylvania Cen-
tral Brewing Company bought out the firm and Colonel
Reichard became a director and vice president. He was
also director of the Anthracite Bank of Wilkes-Barre, 1893-
1900, and vice president, 1900-1909. Director of the
Hazard Manufacturing Company, 1899-1905 ; the Inter-
state Telephone Company of New Jersey ; the Wilkes-Barre
and Wyoming Valley Traction Company, 1898-1909; the
Wilkes-Barre, Dallas and Harvey Lake Railway Company,
1899-1909, and the Consolidated Telephone Company of
Pennsylvania, 1905-1909. He served for three years in the
city council, 1868-1870; was a member of the Military Order
of the Loyal Legion, Pennsylvania Commandery, the Grand
Army of the Republic, the Union Veteran Union, and was
for nearly fifty years a member of lodges Nos. 61 and 442
F. and A. M.; member of Mauch Chunk Council, and
Packer Commandery Knights Templar, and lodges of Odd
Fellowship and Knights of Pythias, and also the Westmore-
land Club. He was a communicant of St. Clement's
Protestant Episcopal Church. He married October 27,
1875, Grizzy E. Gilchrist, daughter of Peter M. and Eliza-
beth (Horton) Gilchrist, who survives him. He was elect-
ed a resident member of this Society, 1859. H. E. H.
OBITUARIES. 221
HON. CHARLES DORRANCE FOSTER.
Life member of this Society, born in Dallas township,
Luzerne county, November 25, 1836; died in Wilkes-Barre,
September 9, 1909, was the son of Phineas Nash Foster
and his wife Mary Baily Johnson, daughter of Rev. Jacob
Johnson, M. A., first pastor of the First Presbyterian
Church of Wilkes-Barre. His grandfather Edward Foster
came from Montpelier, Vermont, to the Wyoming Valley,
1893, engaging in farming in Jackson township. His son,
Phineas, was also a farmer, and Charles, as he matured,
worked on the farm and attended district school until he
entered, 1856-1858, the Wyoming Seminary. In 1859 he
taught school in Jackson, and later in Illinois. In 1860 he
studied law under Lyman Hakes, Esq., and was admitted
to the Bar of Luzerne April 23, 1861, continuing in practice
until his death.
He was a promoter of the Wilkes-Barre and Kingston
Railway Company, the first street railway in the Valley,
1867, and was its secretary and treasurer. He was a direc-
tor of the Wilkes-Barre and Dallas Turnpike Company,
1890; treasurer of the Hunlock Creek Turnpike Company,
1890; director of the Wyoming National Bank, 1883-1909;
member of Westmoreland Club, 1889-1909; Wilkes-Barre
Bar and Library Association, 1879-1909 ; State and National
Bankers Association, 1899-1909; Pennsylvania Bar Asso-
ciation, 1899-1909; United States Bar Assocation, 1898-
1909; Wyoming Commemorative Association, 1880-1909;
New England Society, 1908-1909; member of Kingston
Lodge, No. 395, F. and A. M.; Wilkes-Barre Lodge, B. P.
O. Elks, No. 190, 1889-1909; member of Epicopal Church
Club, and a communicant of St. Stephen's Church. He was
elected on the Republican ticket to the Legislature of Penn-
sylvania, 1883-1884. Mr. Foster married October 5, 1865,
Mary J. Hoagland, daughter of Amos Hoagland, Newark,
N. J., of Dirck Hanse Hoagland, 1667. He is survived by
Mrs. Foster and his daughter, Florence.
Mr. Foster was made a life member of this Society, 1887.
H. E. H.
222 OBITUARIES.
JOHN LANING.
Resident member of this Society, born Wilkes-Barre
August 7, 1836, died Wilkes-Barre, September 27, 1909,
was the son of Augustus C. and Amanda Elizabeth
(Christel) Laning, son of John Laning, of Owego, New
York, and his wife, Mary Ann Deshong, daughter of Col-
onel Mathias Hollenback. His father was an original
member of this Society from 1858 until his death in 1875,
and vice president 1866 to 1867, and ne himself united
with the Society the same year, continuing a member for
fifty-four years. The "Augustus C. Laning Historical
Fund" was given to this Society by his daughter, Mrs.
Elizabeth Virginia (Laning) Smith, to commemorate her
father. Mrs. Laning was the daughter of Dr. Charles
Francis Joseph Christel. Born Munich, Bavaria, February
12, 1776, he came to the United States 1797, studied med-
icine and practiced in Luzerne County until 1825, when he
took charge of the Wyoming Hotel on South Main street.
Augustus C. Laning owned and worked the Laning and
Marshall iron foundry which he began 1833 and later in
1869 merged into the Dixon Manufacturing Company of
Scranton.
John Laning was educated at the old Wilkes-Barre Acad-
emy and Lafayette College 1854-1856, but he entered and
graduated A. B. from Union College, Schenectady, New
York, 1858. He engaged with Laning and Marshall until
the death of his father, after which he devoted himself to
the management and development of the large Laning prop-
erty left by his father.
He was a director of the Miners' Savings Bank, 1887-
1909; of the Wilkes-Barre Bridge Company of the Wilkes-
Barre and Kingston Railway Company. He was a mem-
ber of the Wilkes-Barre Lodge, No. 61, F. and A. M.,
since 1861 ; of the Shekinah Chapter, No. 182, the Council
at Mauch Chunk, of Dieu le Veut Commandery, No. 45,
Knight Templars, and the 32nd Scottish Rite. Also a
Noble of the Mystic Shrine in Philadelphia, and a charter
member of the Irem Temple, Wilkes-Barre.
Mr. Laning married September 19, 1805, Helen Cobb
Brower of New York. She died December 31, 1894.
He is survived by his children Augustus C., Elizabeth
Virginia and John. H. E. H.
OBITUARIES. 223
LEVI IVES SHOEMAKER, M. D.
Life member and vice president of this Society, who
died at Manheim, Germany, where he had gone for his
health September 27, 1909, on the eve of his fiftieth birth-
day; was born Wilkes-Barre September 28, 1859. He was
the sixth child of Hon. Lazarus Denison Shoemaker, and
his wife, Esther Waller Wadhams of Wilkes-Barre;
grandson of Colonel Elijah Shoemaker, Sheriff of Luzerne
county, 1815-1818, and great grandson of Lieutenant
Elijah Shoemaker of Wyoming, who was made lieutenant
24th Regiment Connecticut Militia for Westmoreland, May,
1778, and who was cruelly slain by Windecker at the Mas-
sacre of Wyoming, July 3, 1778.
He was also descended from Colonel Nathan Denison,
colonel of the 24th Regiment, who commanded the left
wing of the patriotic forces under Colonel Zebulon Butler in
the action of July 3rd, his daughter, Elizabeth S. Deni-
son, having married in 1800 Colonel Elijah Shoemaker, the
2nd. Thus on the paternal side he descended from Hen-
drick Jochemse Schoonmaker of Hamburg, Germany, and
New York, 1655. On the maternal side he descended from
William Denison, of Stratford, England, and Roxbury,
Massachusetts, 1632, whose son, Captain George Denison,
served in the Royal Army of England, and with distinction
in the Connecticut service.
Dr. Shoemaker was educated at Yale University, grad-
uating A. B., 1882, after which he entered the Medical
School of the University of Pennsylvania, taking his degree
of M. D. 1886. He began his practice in Wilkes-Barre as
junior resident physician at the Wilkes-Barre City Hospital
October ist, 1886, to October, 1887. Then after some
months' service in the Pennsylvania and University Hospi-
tals, began his home practice May, 1888. From 1890 to
1908 he was one of the medical staff of the Wilkes-Barre
City Hospital. He was also on the consulting staff of the
Mercy Hospital from its origin 1899 to 1909. He was also
a member of the Board of Trustees of the Danville Asylum
from 1902 to 1909. He was a member of the Luzerne
County Medical Society since September, 1888, and in 1904
its president. For his address on retiring from the chair
see volume XVII of the Transactions. He was also a
224 OBITUARIES.
member of the Medical Society of the State of Pennsylva-
nia, of the American Academy of Medicine, and the Amer-
ican Medical Association.
He became a life member of the Wyoming Historical and
Geological Society in 1894. He was elected one of the
vice presidents in 1905. He was also interested in civic and
business associations. Director of the Second National
Bank from 1895 to 1909; Spring Brook Water Company,
1893-1896; physician for the Luzerne County Humane
Association, 1894 to 1909; physician to the Home for
Friendless Children ; director of the Wilkes-Barre Lace
Company; member of the Westmoreland Club, 1889-1909,
and of the Country Club. He was also for some years the
division surgeon to the Pennsylvania, and also the Central
Railroad of New Jersey. He was made a member of this
Society, 1892. Life member, 1898, and was vice president,
1908-1909.
Dr. Shoemaker married November 27, 1887, Miss Cor-
nelia Walker Scranton, daughter of Hon. Joseph H. and
Cornelia (Walker) Scranton, of Scranton, Pa.
Dr. Shoemaker was noted for his devoted service to the
poor of this valley and was universally loved by them. His
winning smile and cheerful manner made him dear to all.
He was honest in giving his opinions, generous in impulse,
and a true gentleman. He was a communicant of the First
s
Methodist Episcopal Church of Wilkes-Barre. H. E. H.
MRS. MARY (CONYNGHAM) PARRISH.
Life member of this Society, born Wilkes-Barre February
20, 1834, died "Rockwood," her country place at Laurel
Run, Pa., October 8, 1909; was the daughter of Hon. John
Nesbitt Conyngham, LL., D., and his wife, Ruth Ann
Butler, and granddaughter of David Hayfield Conyngham,
of the Revolutionary firm of Conyngham and Nesbitt, for
many years shipping merchants of Philadelphia. Her
father was the first life member of this Society, 1884, and
her brother, Col. John Butler Conyngham, one of its found-
ers, 1858. Her line of ancestry traces to the Earls of Glen-
cairn, Scotland, who were ennobled by Malcolm after the
OBITUARIES. 225
first member of that line had saved the life of that distin-
guished leader. The "Reminiscences of David Hayfield
Conyngham," in vol. VII, pp., 182-291, Proceedings of this
Society records the descent. Her mother, Ruth Ann Butler,
was a daughter of General Lord Butler, and his wife Mary
Pierce, and granddaughter of Colonel Zebulon and Ann
(Lord)) Butler, who commanded the patriotic forces at the
Massacre of Wyoming, 1778. Thus from both parents she
had a Colonial and Revolutionary ancestry most enviable.
The biography of Judge John N. Conyngham records the
life of one of the most eminent characters in the State of
Pennsylvania, and indeed in the United States.
Mrs. Parrish was educated in Wilkes-Barre, and married,
June 21, 1864, Charles Parrish, doubtless the most important
individual factor of his period in the development of the
mineral resources of Northeastern Pennsylvania. To him
the anthracite coal trade, which has grown to such tremend-
ous proportions, largely owes its present status. His
biography has been so often published that repetition is un-
necessary. Mrs. Parrish inherited from her parents the
best characteristics. No one who knew her could ever for-
get her large-heartedness, her benevolence, her graciousness
of manner, her most attractive appearance, her dignity, and
her queenly bearing. She was generous to a fault and pos-
sessed of strong intuitions which made her a true helpmeet
to her husband. She was always accessible to those in
need or sorrow, and true to all the ties of friendship and
blood. She was a member of the Society of Colonial
Dames of America in Pennsylvania, and of the Wyoming
Valley Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution.
She was also a life-long communicant of St. Stephen's
Protestant Episcopal Church and interested in all its activi-
ties. Mrs. Parrish was elected a member of this Society
1881, one of the first ladies ever elected. She became a life
member with Mr. Parrish 1889. She is survived by her two
daughters, Mrs. Anna Conyngham Bradley, and Mrs. Cath-
erine Conyngham Snyder, both of Washington, D. C.
H. E. H.
226 OBITUARIES.
MRS. MAUD (BALDWIN) RAUB.
Resident member of this Society, was born Cambridge,
Mass., 1859, died Wilkes-Barre, October 23, 1909, was the
daughter of Andrew Jackson Baldwin, superintendent of
the old Philadelphia & Wilkes-Barre Telegraph Company,
1852-1864, and of the Telegraph Construction Company,
1864-1888, when he became a coal operator at Trucksville.
Her mother was Mary Collins, whom he married in Wilkes-
Barre, daughter of Melinda (Blackman) Collins. Thus she
descended through her grandfather, Jared R. Baldwin,
formerly of New Jersey; from John Baldwin of Milford,
Connecticut, 1640, and through her grandmother, Melinda
Blackman, from Lieut. Elisha Blackman, who under Capt.
William Hooker Smith was an officer of militia at the
Massacre of Wyoming, July 3, 1778. Lieut. Elisha Black-
man descended from John Blackman of Dorchester, Mass.,
1640. Mrs. Raub married, May, 1888, Andrew G. Raub,
whose father, Samuel Raub, came early to Luzerne bor-
ough and did much to develop the resources of that town.
Mrs. Raub was a' lady of much ambition and energy,
which marked her character even after disease had weak-
ened her physical strength. She was an earnest Christian ;
a communicant of St. Stephen's Church; a faithful worker
in its industrial school ; a member of the Civil Club ; second
vice president of the Needlework Guild of Kingston ; mem-
ber of the Wyoming Commemorative Association, and a
member and a manager of the Wyoming Chapter of the
Daughters of the American Revolution.
Her husband and her three sons, Samuel J., Edwin H.,
and Andrew B., survive her.
She was elected a resident member of this Society, Jan-
ury, 1902. H. E. H.
MRS. STELLA (SHOEMAKER) RICKETTS.
Resident member of this Society, born Forty Fort, Sep-
tember 7, 1877, died November 6, 1909, was the daughter
of Robert Charles Shoemaker and his wife, Helen (Lea)
Lonsdale Shoemaker, and granddaughter of Hon. Charles
Denison Shoemaker, of Hendrick Jochemse Schoonmaker,
OBITUARIES. 227
1655. Mrs. Helen (Lea) Shoemaker also belonged to a
family eminent in public life. She was the daughter of
Hon. James Neilson Lea, LL., D., born Baton Rouge,
Louisana, November 26, 1815, died Wilkes-Barre, October
26, 1884, studied law with his uncle, Judge Harper, of the
Superior Court of Louisiana, and was made judge of the
second district court of New Orleans 1847, ar>d associate
judge of the Louisiana Supreme Court 1855. He married,
March 16, 1841, Hetty McNair. He was a son of Major
Squire Lea, Major and surgeon of United States Army,
1813-1821, and his wife, Eliza Neilson, of Virginia. They
descended from Rev. Luke Lea, of Mecklenburg county,
North Carolina, and his wife, Mary Wilson, daughter of
Zaccheus Wilson, signer of the Mecklenburg Declaration of
Independence ; member of the Provincial Congress of North
Carolina, and of the Constitutional Convention, 1788.
Miss Shoemaker married William Reynolds Ricketts, son
of Colonel Robert Bruce Ricketts, United States Volun-
teers, 1861-1865.
Mrs. Ricketts is survived by her husband and her son,
Robert Bruce Ricketts, 3d. H. E. H.
GEORGE SHOEMAKER.
Resident member of this Society, born Forty Fort,
Pa., June 28, 1844; died Wilkes-Barre, February 3,
1910; was the son of George Shoemaker and his wife,
Rebecca W. Jones, a farmer and merchant in Kingston
where he died August 6, 1849. He was grandson of Colo-
nel Elijah Shoemaker, sheriff of Luzerne county, 1815-
1818, and his wife, Elizabeth S. Denison, daughter of Col-
onel Nathan Denison, who commanded one wing of the
patriot forces under Colonel Zebulon Butler, July 3, 1778.
His great grandfather, Lieutenant Elijah Shoemaker, was
murdered by Windecker at the massacre of Wyoming, after
the action of July 3, 1778. The original ancestor of the
family, Hendrick ( Jochemse) Schoonmaker, came to the
colony of New York, 1655. Mr. George Shoemaker was
educated at the Wilkes-Barre Academy and the Freehold,
New Jersey Academy; studied law with his uncle, Hon.
Lazarus Denison Shoemaker, LL. D., was admitted to the
228 OBITUARIES.
bar of Luzerne, January 6, 1865. After a brief prac-
tice of his profession, preferring the retirement of pri-
vate life, he relinquished the law and devoted himself to the
development of his estate. He was a trustee and member
of the Kingston Presbyterian Church. He married, Octo-
ber 10, 1872, Ann Elizabeth, daughter of John Dorrance
Hoyt and his wife, Martha Goodwin, daughter of Abram
Goodwin, who survives him. (See sketch of Dr. Corss and
Edward E. Hoyt, supra.)
Mr. Shoemaker was elected a member of this Society in
1900. H. E. H.
PERCY RUTTER THOMAS.
Life member of this Society, born Wilkes-Barre, April 9,
1882, died Wilkes-Barre, March 14, 1910, was the son of
Isaac and Sally (Dunalp) Thomas of Wilkes-Barre; grand-
son of Jesse Thomas and his wife, Ellen (Miner) Thomas,
the daughter of Hon. Charles Miner, the historian of Wyo-
ming; great grands<fn of Mordecai and Lydia (Hoopes)
Thomas, of Peter and Sarah Stedman Thomas, of Spring-
town, Pa., 1686. His mother is the daughter of Rev.
Robert Dunlap, and his wife, Ellen E. Cist, the daughter of
Jacob Cist, and his wife Sarah Hollenback. Thus he is
descended from some of the most eminent line of Wyoming
settlers.
Percy Thomas graduated at the Harry Hillman Academy,
Wilkes-Barre, 1901, and entered the Freshman class at Le-
high University, 1901, to study for the degree of Mining
Engineer, but at the close of the Sophomore year it was
found that his health would not permit a continuance of his
studies, and he returned home. Later he accepted a posi-
tion as secretary and assistant treasurer of the Matheson
Car Company, where he was engaged at the time of his sud-
den death.
It was truly said of him that "he commanded the high
admiration of the officers of the company, and combining
ability and energy with a pleasing disposition he made many
friends." He was a member of the Wyoming Commemora-
tive Association.
He was made a life member of this Society, February 10,
1899. H. E. H.
OBITUARIES. 229
MRS. JEMIMA ELLEN (SAX) GRIFFITH.
Honorary member of this Society, born, Kingston,
Pa. ; died, West Pittston, Pa., May 22, 1910 ; was the
daughter of John and Rebecca Wright (Parrish) Sax, who
married, September 15, 1823; granddaughter of Conrad
Sax, born near the "Shades of Death," and his wife, Mary
Beers, and great granddaughter of Jacob Sax of Germany
and Pennsylvania. Rebecca Wright Parrish was a daugh-
ter of Abraham Parrish, who married Jemima Wright, and
son of Archippus Parrish and his wife, Abigail Burnap, who
were parents of Archippus Parrish of Wikes-Barre, who
married August 14, 1806, Phebe Miller, and was the father
of Charles Parrish, the well known coal operator of Wilkes-
Barre. They both descend from John Parrish of Groton,
Massachusetts.
Mrs. Griffith married in Pittston, March 14, 1854, An-
drew Jackson Griffith, born in Philadelphia county, October
25, 1828; died in West Pittston, June 18, 1889. He was a
son of William and Mary (Chapman) Griffith; was edu-
cated at Lititz, Pa. ; came to Wyoming to assist his
brother, William Robert Griffith, who was an organizer and
president of the Pennsylvania Coal Company, which con-
structed the gravity road from Pittston to Hawley. After
this road was completed Andrew J. Griffith bought Scovel's
Island and engaged in farming. Later he sold his farm and
located at West Pittston, of which town he was one of the
incorporators. He was a diligent collector of Indian relics
and accumulated a very fine collection of over 1,000 pieces
within a mile of his town. This collection his widow pre-
sented to this Society, for which gift the Society gratefully
elected her an honorary member, in 1896.
Mrs. Griffith was an early member of the First Presby-
terian Church, Pittston, of which her father was a trustee.
Residing on the west side of the river she was transferred
to the West Pittston Church in 1887, when it was organized,
and was an active factor in its success.
She left several children, of whom Mrs. Charles D. San-
derson of Scranton, Mr. Jacob K. Griffith and Mr. William
Griffith, the well known geologist, are also members of this
Society. H. E. H.
230 OBITUARIES.
EDWARD FRANKLIN PAYNE.
Resident member of this Society. Born in Schuylkill
county, Pa., November 7, 1846; died in Wilkes-Barre,
Pa., October 17, 1910; was the son of Edward and
Priscilla (Standish) Payne, grandson of Edward Payne of
Granby, near Montreal, Canada. He was educated in Jer-
sey City, New Jersey, but returned for several years to
Canada whence he moved to Wyoming Valley and became
foreman of the East Boston mines at Luzerne borough until
made general superintendent. Later, in 1871, he joined
with his brother, Mr. William Grant Payne, who was gen-
eral superintendent of the East Boston mines, and these two
purchased the right of the coal company of New Jersey in
the East Boston mines, and under the firm of William G.
Payne & Company made it successful. He was a director
of the Morris Run mines, of Morris Run, Pa., and of
the Blue Creek Coal and Land Company, Charleston, West
Virginia. He was director of the Miners' Savings Bank,
Wilkes-Barre, 1903-1910; a member of the Westmoreland
Club, 1901-1910; of the Wyoming Valley Country Club; the
Blooming Grove Park Association, Pike county; the
Wilkes-Barre Lodge, No. 61, F. and A. M. ; the Shekinah
Chapter; the Dieu le Veut Commandery of Knights Tem-
plar, and the Irem Temple of the Mystic Shrine; also of
the Wild Wood Fishing Club, and the North Mountain
Hunting Club, etc., etc.
Mr. Payne was a member of the First Presbyterian
Church of Wilkes-Barre, and was married by Rev. Henry
Hunter Welles, June 22, 1876, to Elsie Reith, only daughter
of George and Ann (Esson) Reith, natives of Scotland.
He is survived by Mrs. Payne and three children, Mrs.
Edgar Houpt, Eleanor Arline and Bruce B. Payne. He
was elected a resident member of this Society in 1907.
H. E. H.
NATHAN BEACH CRARY.
Life member of this Society, born in Beach Grove,
Pa., August 30, 1830; died in Shickshinny, Pa., Feb-
ruary 24, 1911 ; was a son of Mason Crary, M. D., and his
OBITUARIES. 231
wife, Desire Beach, daughter of Nathan and Desire (Her-
rick) Beach of Salem township, Luzerne county, Pa.
Dr. Mason Crary, who practiced medicine with great suc-
cess in Wilkes-Barre, 1804-1821, and later in Salem town-
ship where he died, 1855, was a son of Thomas Crary of
Stonington, and descended from Peter Crary of New Lon-
don, 1660, who married, 1677, Christobel Gallop, daughter
of Captain John Gallop of Stonington. Dr. Crary was
descended from Major John Mason of Connecticut, 1634,
of Pequot war fame, the chief military officer of the colony ;
from Captain Thomas Stanton, Captain John Gallop, Cap-
tain George Denison, Rev. Peter Hobart, 1637, M. A., Cam-
bridge University, 1629, whose daughter, Rebecca, married
Daniel Mason of John. Mr. Crary's maternal grandfather
was Nathan Beach, who was in Wyoming at the time of the
massacre, but only fifteen years old. He was thus saved
from the massacre but served in the Revolutionary war
from 1780 to 1783 in the Northampton militia, being at
Yorktown from May, 1780, to February, 1783, and a wit-
ness of the surrender of Cornwallis. He was pensioned in
1833 for his services; he became one of the largest land
owners in the Wyoming section of Pennsylvania. Nathan
Beach Crary after reaching his majority followed farming
until 1857, when he entered mercantile pursuits in Shick-
shinny. He married January 23, 1860, Miranda Lee Over-
ton, daughter of Henry and Sarah (Wood) Overton of
Wilkes-Barre; she was descended from Isaac Overton of
Southold, L. I., 1660, from Francis Willoughby, 1639,
deputy governor of Massachusetts, and others. Mr. Crary
is survived by four daughters — Mrs. H. W. Glover, Miss
Natalie Beach Crary, Miss Martha L. Crary, and Miss Sara
Wood Crary, a member of this Society. Mr. Crary was
made a life member in 1911. H. E. H.
232 OBITUARIES.
MEMBERS DECEASED SINCE ISSUE OF VOLUME XII.
LIFE.
George Slocum Bennett, died January 2, 1910.
Francis Alexander Phelps, died July 6, 1911.
William Arthur Lathrop, died April 12, 1912.
Col. John Miner Carey Marble, died May 8, 1912.
RESIDENT.
Mrs. Annette Jenkins Gorman, died April 13, 1910.
Thomas Milnor Morris, died 1910.
Mrs. Lydia Atherton Stites, died January n, 1911.
Thomas Graeme, died March 10, 1911.
Hon. Elliott P. Kisner, died March 22, 1911.
Edward Warren Sturdevant, died April 2, 1911.
Enoch Wright Marple, died July 7, 1911.
Dr. Charles William Spayd, died September 29, 1911.
William Mercer Shoemaker, died November 5, 1911.
Dr. F. Lee Hollister, died Jan. 21, 1912.
James Henry Fisher, died April 3, 1912.
William Murray Alexander, died February 18, 1912.
George Washington Leach, died April 30, 1912.
OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1912.
PRESIDENT.
IRVING ARIEL STEARNS.
VICE PRESIDENTS.
REV. HENRY LAWRENCE JONES, S. T. D.
DR. LEWIS HARLOW TAYLOR.
WILLIAM HILLARD CONYNGHAM.
COL. DORRANCE REYNOLDS.
CORRESPONDING SECRETARY AND LIBRARIAN.
REV. HORACE EDWIN HAYDEN.
ASSISTANT LIBRARIAN.
Miss ERNESTINE MARTIN KAEHLIN.
RECORDING SECRETARY.
SIDNEY ROBY MINER.
TREASURER.
CHARLES WELLES BIXBY.
TRUSTEES.
ANDREW FINE DERR, ANDREW HUNLOCK,
EDWARD WELLES, RICHARD SHARP'E.
HENRY HERBERT ASHLEY.
CURATORS.
ARCHAEOLOGY— CHRISTOPHER WREN.
NUMISMATICS— REV. HORACE EDWIN HAYDEN.
MINERALOGY— WILLIAM REYNOLDS RICKETTS.
PALAEONTOLOGY— JOSHUA LEWIS WELTER.
PALAEOBOTANY— PROF. WILLIAM E. TRAXLER.
HISTORIOGRAPHER.
FREDERICK CHARLES JOHNSON, M. D.
PUBLISHING COMMITTEE.
REV. HORACE EDWIN HAYDEN.
Miss MYRA POLAND.
GEORGE FREDERICK CODDINGTON.
STANDING COMMITTEES.
EDWARD WELLES.
ANDREW HUNLOCK.
RICHARD SHARPE.
HENRY HERBERT ASHLEY.
ANDREW FINE DERR.
CABINET.
IRVING ARIEL STEARNS.
WILLIAM REYNOLDS RICKETTS.
CHRISTOPHER WREN.
REV. HORACE EDWIN HAYDEN.
JOSHUA LEWIS WELTER.
WILLIAM E. TRAXLER.
ANNUAL COMMITTEES.
PUBLISHING.
REV- HORACE EDWIN HAYDEN, Chairman.
Miss MYRA POLAND.
GEORGE FREDERICK CODDINGTON.
ESSAYS AND PAPERS.
ROBERT VAN ALSTINE NORRIS, Chairman.
JOHN CLOYES BRIDGMAN.
Miss ANNE DORRANCE.
ARCHIBALD DEWITT SMITH.
JOSHUA LEWIS WELTER.
SIDNEY ROBEY MINER.
REV. HORACE EDWIN HAYDEN.
INCREASE OF MEMBERSHIP.
CHRISTOPHER WREN, Plymouth, Chairman.
ROBERT PACKER BRODHEAD, Kingston.
STEPHEN BEERS BENNETT, West Pittston.
DR. ARCHIE CARVER SHOEMAKER, Pittston.
WALTER CORAY SUTHERLAND, Pittston.
Miss EMMA J. JENKINS, Wyoming.
MRS. AMELIA MARIA KENNEDY, Scranton.
ARTHUR D. DEAN, Scranton.
WILLIAM ALONZO WILCOX, Scranton.
GEORGE BAKER HILLMAN.
Miss MARTHA ADELIA MAFFET.
JAMES F. LABAGH, Wilkes-Barre.
Miss SARAH WOOD CRARY, Shickshinny.
TO ASSIST HISTORIAN.
DR. FREDERICK CHARLES JOHNSON, Chairman.
OSCAR JEWELL HARVEY.
CHARLES WELLES BIXBY.
FREDERICK CHARLES KIRKENDALL.
GUY W. MOORE.
ENTERTAINMENT.
GEN- CHARLES BOWMAN DOUGHERTY.
GILBERT STEWART McCLINTOCK.
DR. ALEXANDER GRAY FELL.
PAUL BEDFORD.
ROLL OF MEMBERSHIP.
HONORARY.
Joseph Barrell, Ph. D.
Hon. Samuel Abbott Green, LL. D.
Rev. Samuel Hart, D. D.
Rt. Rev. J. M. Levering, D. D.
Thomas Lynch Montgomery.
Frederick B. Peck, Ph. D.
Hon. Samuel W. Pennypacker.
Joseph George Rosengarten, LL. D.
William Berryman Scott, Ph. D.
John L. Stewart, Ph. D.
Lion Gardiner Tyler, LL. D.
Rev. Ethelbert Dudley Warfield.LL.D.
David White, Washington, D. C.
Edward H. Williams, Jr., F. G. S. A.
Rev. William M. Beauchamp, S.T.D.
CORRESPONDING.
Edwin Swift Balch.
Thomas Willing Balch.
Edmund Mills Barton.
T. V. Braidwood.
D. L. Belden.
Alfred Franklin Berlin.
Maynard Bixby.
Robert Alonzo Brock, F. R. H. S.
Philip Alexander Bruce, LL. B.
George Butler.
Pierce Butler.
Gen. John S. Clark.
D. M. Collins.
Stewart Culin.
Samuel L. Cutter.
John H. Dager.
Charles Edmund Dana.
Harry Cassel Davis, A. M., Ph. D.
Rev. Samuel Bayard Dod, A. M.
Elnathan F. Duren.
George M. Elwood.
Prof. William Frear, Ph. D.
Hon. John Gosse Freeze.
Frank Butler Gay.
Jacob K. Griffith.
William Griffith.
P. C. Gritman.
Francis Whiting Halsey.
Stephen Harding.
David Chase Harrington.
A. L. Hartwell.
Christopher E. Hawley.
*Deceased.
Granville Henry.
Thomas Cramer Hopkins, Ph. D.
Ray Greene Huling, Sc. D.
Hon. William Hunting Jessup.
Charles Johnson.
John Wolfe Jordan, LL. D.
Rev. Charles H. Kidder.
Rev. Cornelius Rutser Lane, Ph. D.
Dr. J. R. Loomis.
Hon. John Maxwell.
Edward Miller.
Millard P. Murray.
Arthur C. Parker.
John Peters.
James H. Phinney.
Rev. J. J. Pearce.
William Poillon.
S. R. Reading.
J. C. Rhodes.
Joseph Trimble Rothrock, M. D.
H. N. Rust, M. D.
Lieut. Henry M. M. Richards.
William M. Samson.
Mrs. Gertrude (Griffith) Sanderson.
W. H. Starr.
Thomas Sweet, M. D.
*S. L. Thurlow.
Hon. Charles Tubbs.
Samuel French Wadhams.
Abram Waltham.
Mrs. Margaret (Lacoe) White.
William Alonzo Wilcox.
236
ROLL OF MEMBERSHIP.
tLIFE MEMBERS.
By payment o£ $100.
FOUNDERS.
*James Plater Dennis.
*Col. John Butler Conyngham.
*Hon. Henry Martyn Hoyt.
*Hon. Stanley Woodward.
{BENEFACTORS.
*George Slocum Bennett.
Eckley Brinton Coxe, Jr.
Mrs. Sophia E. (Nprris) Coxe.
Mrs. Sophie G. (Fisher) Coxe.
Miss Amelia Baird Hollenback.
John Welles Hollenback.
Rev. Horace Edwin Hayden.
Andrew Hlmlock.
Fred Morgan Kirby.
*Hon. Charles Abbott Miner.
Abram Nesbitt.
*Isaac Smith Osterhout.
*Mrs. Elizabeth (Laning) Smith.
Irving Ariel Stearns.
*Gen. William Sterling Ross.
Lewis Harlow Taylor, M. D.
Edward Welles.
Miss Lucy W. Abbott.
*Lucius Ashley.
*Mrs. Caroline (Beadle) Ashley.
Henry Herbert Ashley.
Thomas Henry Atherton.
*Miss Emily Isabella Alexander.
*Gustav Adolph Baur.
*Joseph Habersham Bradley, Jr.
Mrs. Emily Fuller Bedford.
George Reynolds Bedford.
*Mrs. Priscilla (Lee) Bennett.
*Miss Martha Bennet.
Charles Welles Bixby.
*William Brisbane, M. D.
Robert Packer Broadhead.
* Samuel LeRoi Brown.
Mrs. Emily (Ryman) Burlingham.
Mrs. Anna Bennett (Phelps) Burrows.
George H. Catlin.
Hon. Sterling Ross Catlin.
John Nesbitt Conyngham.
William Hillard Conyngham.
*William Lord Conyngham.
*Mrs. Mae (Turner) Conyngham.
*Alexander Brinton Coxe.
*Hon. Eckley Brinton Coxe.
*John M. Crane.
*Dece«Md.
*Nathan Beach Crary.
*Hon. Edmund Lovell Dana.
*Edward Payson Darling.
Thomas Darling.
*Mrs. Alice (McClintock) Darling.
Mrs. Dorothy Ellen (Dickson) Darte.
Andrew Fine Derr.
Andrew Fine Derr, Jr.
Miss Elizabeth Lowrie Derr.
Miss Katherine Dickson Derr.
Mrs. Mary D. (Fell) Derr.
Mrs. Harriet (Lowrie) Derr.
*Henry Haupt Derr.
Thompson Derr, 2d.
Mrs. Kate (Pettebone) Dickson.
*Rev. John Dorrance, D. D.
*Hon. Jesse Fell.
*Liddon Flick.
*Hon. Charles Dorrance Foster.
Mrs. Mary Jane (Hoagland) Foster.
Alexander Farnham.
*Lt. Joseph Wright Graeme, U. S. N.
Mrs. Sarah H. (Wright) Guthrie.
*Col. Elisha Atherton Hancock.
*Hon. Garrick Mallery Harding.
Henry Harrison Harvey.
*Jamison Harvey.
ROLL OF MEMBERSHIP.
237
Mrs. Jennie (DeWitt) Harvey.
James C. Haydon.
Frederick Hillman.
George Baker Hillman.
*Henry Baker Hillman.
Miss Anna Welles Hollenback.
Miss Julietta Geneve Hollenback.
*George Matson Hollenback.
*Miss Elizabeth Waller Horton.
*Francis William Hunt.
*Charles Farmer Ingham, M. D.
Frederick Charles Johnson, M. D.
Frederick Green Johnson.
*Edwin Horn Jones.
*Richard Jones.
*Ralph Dupuy Lacoe.
*William Arthur Lathrop.
*William Tompkins.
Woodward Leavenworth.
*Woodward Leavenworth, Jr.
George Cahoon Lewis.
*Edward Sterling Loop.
Charles Noyes Loveland.
Miss Elizabeth Shepard Loveland.
*Geprge Loveland.
*William Loveland.
*William Ross Maffet.
*Col. John Miner Carey Marble.
Alvin Markle.
Andrew Hamilton McClintock.
*Mrs. Augusta (Cist) McClintock.
Col. Asher Miner.
Mrs. Eliza Ross (Atherton) Miner.
Charles Howard Miner, M. D.
Sidney Roby Miner.
*Charles Morgan.
*Lawrence Myers.
Abraham Goodwin Nesbitt.
*Frederick Nesbitt.
*George Francis Nesbitt.
Miss Fredericka- Nesbitt.
*Ralph Nesbitt.
*Mrs. Sara Myers (Goodwin) Nesbitt
Daniel Edwards Newell.
Mrs. Esther (Shoemaker) Norris.
*Lewis Compton Paine.
*Rev. Nathan Grier Parke, D. D.
*Charles Parrish.
*Mrs. Mary (Conyngham) Parrish.
Mrs. Ella (Reets) Parish.
*Calvin Parsons.
*Decea»ed.
Maj. Oliver Alphonsa Parsons.
Joseph Emmet Patterson.
William Grant Payne.
William Theodore Payne.
* Payne Pettebone.
*Francis Alexander Phelps.
*John Case Phelps.
Mrs. Martha (Bennett) Phelps.
William John Raeder.
*John Reichard, Jr.
Benjamin Reynolds.
*Mrs. Annie B.(Dorrance) Reynolds.
Col. Dorrance Reynolds, M. A., LL. B.
Miss Edith Lindsley Reynolds.
*Col. George Murray Reynolds.
Schuyler Lee Reynolds.
*William Champion Reynolds.
Robert Bruce Ricketts, 2d.
William Reynolds Ricketts.
*Ferdinand Vandevere Rockafellow.
Mrs. Charlotte M. (Rose) Ryman.
*William Penn Ryman.
Miss Rosalys Ryman.
Theodore F. Ryman.
Joseph John Schooley.
Miss Caroline Johnston Sharpe.
Miss Elizabeth Montgomery Sharpe.
Miss Mary A. Sharpe.
*Richard Sharpe, Sr.
Richard Sharpe.
Richard Sharpe, Jr.
*Mrs. Sally (Patterson) Sharpe.
Miss Sallie Sharpe.
Miss Rosa Duncan Sharpe.
*Athur Yeager Shepherd.
Miss Esther Shoemaker Stearns.
Addison Alexander Sterling.
Forrest Garrison Stevens.
Mrs. Sarah Covell (Maffet) Stevens.
Walter S. Stewart, M. D.
Charles Jones Shoemaker.
Mrs. C. W. (Scranton) Shoemaker.
Miss Jane Augusta Shoemaker.
*Hon. Lazarus Denison Shoemaker.
*Levi Ives Shoemaker, M. D.
Thomas Kirkbride Sturdevant.
James Sutton.
*John Henry Swoyer.
Abram Nesbitt Smythe.
Samuel Nesbitt Smythe.
Mrs. Sarah (Nesbitt) Smythe.
238 ROLL OF MEMBERSHIP.
Miss Katharine Conyngham Snyder. *Rev. David Jewett Waller.
Miss Eleanor Parrish Snyder. Edward Welles, Jr.
Mrs. Emily (Hollenback) Taylor. *Rev. Henry Hunter Welles, D. D.
*Percy Rutter Thomas. George Woodward, M. D.
Miss Sallie Brinton Thomas. Christopher Wren.
*Ephriam Troxell. Anthony Lawrence Williams.
Miss Rosa Troxell. *Mrs. Emily L. (Cist) Wright.
Mrs. Martha (Sharpe) Tucker. *Harrison Wright, M. A., Ph. D.
John Augustus Turner. Harrison Wright, 3d.
Louis Hollenback Twyefforth. George Riddle Wright.
*Hon. Samuel Gonsalus Turner. *Hon. Jacob Ridgway Wright.
*Stephen Buckingham Vaughn. John B. Yeager.
*Mrs. Esther T. (French) Wadhams. Mrs. Margaret M. (Myers) Yeager.
*Calvin Wadhams. *Elias Baylits Yordy.
Raymond Lynde Wadhams, M. D.
*Deceased. Total Life Members . . . 205
EXTRACT FROM BY-LAWS.
fThe payment of one hundred dollars at one time by a member not in
arrears, shall constitute him a life member, with an exemption from all future
payments.
"All moneys received on account of life membership, shall be securely in-
vested by the Trustees in* the name of the Society, and shall form a fund to
be called 'The Life Membership Fund', the interest only of which shall be
available for the uses of the Society.
f'Any person contributing to the Society at one time a fund of one thou-
sand dollars or more shall be placed on the list of Life Members with the title
of 'Benefactor'. The Life Membership list shall be published annually."
The life member is entitled to all the publications and privileges of the
Society, free, and by the payment of his fee establishes a permanent memorial
of his name which never expires, but always bears interest for the benefit of
the Society. His is therefore always a living membership.
ROLL OF MEMBERSHIP.
239
ANNUAL MEMBERS.
*William Murray Alexander.
Felix Ansart.
Mrs. Mary S. (Butler) Ayres.
Jesse Beadle.
Andre Alden Beaumont.
Col. Eugene Beauharnais Beaumont,
Paul Bedford. [U. S. A.
Reubea Nelson Bennett.
Stephen Beers Bennett.
Ziba Platt Bennett.
James Martin Boland.
Prof. Jacob P. Breidinger.
Thomas W. Brown.
John Cloyes Bridgman.
Elmer Ellsworth Buckman.
Ernest Ustick Buckman, M. D.
J. Arthur Bullard, M. D.
E. L. Bullock.
Douglass Bunting.
Edmund Nelson Carpenter.
Walter Samuel Carpenter.
Benjamin Harold Carpenter.
Frederick M. Chase.
Miss Sara Wood Crary.
George Frederick Coddington.
Mrs. Ethel (Harrington) Connell.
Herbert Conyngham.
Mrs. Bertha (Wright) Conyngham.
Johnson R. Coolbaugh.
Prof. James Martin Coughlin.
Franck George Darte.
Luther Curran Darte.
A. Livingston Davenport.
Mrs. Louise (Kidder) Davis.
Arthur D. Dean.
Harold Davenport Deemer.
Chester Berger Derr.
J. Benjamin Dimmick.
Benjamin Dorrance.
Miss Anne Dorrance.
Gen. Charles Bowman Dougherty.
Francis Douglass.
Mrs. Ella (Bicking) Emory.
Barnet Miller Espy.
George H. Flanagan.
Alexander Gray Fell, M. D.
Daniel Ackley Fell, Jr.
Hon. George Steele Ferris.
Harry Livingston French.
*James Henry Fisher.
'Deceased.
Mrs. Blandine J. Foster.
Ferdinand S. Fowler.
Hon. Henry Amzi Fuller.
*Mrs. Annette (Jenkins) Gorman.
*Thomas Graeme.
Charles H. Gillam.
Edward Gunster.
Mrs. Mary Richardson Hand.
Maj. John Slosson Harding.
Miss Caroline Ives Harrower.
Charlees D. S. Harrower.
Miss Mary Harvey.
Oscar Jewell Harvey.
Lord Butler Hillard.
Oliver Charles Hillard.
Tuthill Reynolds Hillard.
Arthur Hillman.
John Justin Hines.
S. Alexander Hodge.
*F. Lee Hollister, D. D. S.
John T. Howell, M. D.
Miss Augusta Hoyt.
Charles Frederick Huber.
Miss Anna Mercer Hunt.
Charles Parrish Hunt.
Lea Hunt.
Edmund Hurlburt.
Miss Emma J. Jenkins.
John E. Jenkins.
Albert Beardsley Jessup.
Mrs. Georgia P. Johnson.
Mrs. Grace (Derr) Johnson.
Rev. Henry Lawrence Jones, S. T. D.
Miss Ernestine Martin Kaehlin.
Mrs. Amelia Maria (Carter) Kennedy.
Frederick Charles Kirkendall.
Ira Mandeville Kirkendall.
*Elliott P. Kisner.
Charles P. Knapp, M. D.
George Brubaker Kulp.
James F. Labagh.
Elmer Henry Lawall.
*George Washington Leach, Sr.
George Washington Leach, Jr.
Edwin T. Long.
Charles W. Lee.
Henry Lees.
Charles Jonas Long.
Mrs. Dora (Rosenbaum) Long.
Miss Martha Adelia Maffet.
240
ROLL OF MEMBERSHIP.
Andrew Todd McClintock.
Gilbert Stewart McClintock.
George Roberts McLean.
William Swan McLean, Sr.
William Swan McLean, Jr.
Miss Frances C. Markham.
*Enoch Wright Marple.
Granville Thomas Matlack, M. D.
Mrs. Helen (Reynolds) Miller.
Guy W. Moore.
Benjamin Franklin Morgan.
Charles Evans Morgan.
Eugene Worth Mulligan.
Charles Francis Murray.
Robert VanAlstine Norris.
Mrs. Anna (Miner) Oliver.
Miss Frances J. Overton.
Miss Priscilla Lee Paine.
*Edward Franklin Payne.
Hon. Henry W. Palmer.
Frank Pardee.
Major Harry W. Pierce.
Israel Platt Pardee.
Frank Ellsworth Parkhurst.
William Henry Peck.
Mrs. Frances (Overfield) Piatt.
Miss Myra Poland.
Frank Puckey.
Robert A. Quin.
John W. Raeder.
Benjamin Reynolds.
John Butler Reynolds.
Mrs. Mabel (Doudge) Reynolds.
Hon. Charles Edmund Rice.
William Henry Richmond.
Mrs. Elizabeth (Reynolds) Ricketts.
Col. Robert Bruce Ricketts.
Robert Patterson Robinson.
J. Irving Roe, M. D.
Arthello Ross Root.
Leslie Sturdevant Ryman.
John Edward Sayre.
Rabbi Marcus Salzman.
Christian H. Scharer.
*Charles William Spayd, M. D.
Miss Cornelia Wilcox Stark.
Capt. Cyrus Straw.
Seligman J. Strauss.
Harry Clayton Shepherd.
William Carver Shepherd.
E. H. Stevenson.
*Mrs. Lydia (Atherton) Stites.
Harry B. Schooley.
Archie Carver Shoemaker, M. D.
Harold Mercer Shoemaker.
*William Mercer Shoemaker.
Hon. William J. Scott.
Archibald DeWitt Smith.
Dr. Louise M. Stoeckel-Lunquist.
Frank Sturdevant Stone.
William Romaine Stull.
*Edward Warren Sturdevant.
Miss Ella Urquhart Sturdevant.
William Henry Sturdevant.
Walter Coray Sutherland.
Prof. William E. Traxler.
Mrs. Ellen Elizabeth (Miner) Thomas.
Rev. Frederick von Krug, D. D.
Mrs. Frances D. Lynde Wadhams.
Moses Waller Wadhams.
Ralph Holberton Wadhams.
Levi Ellmaker Waller.
Samuel D. Warriner.
William O. Washburn.
Hon. Louis Arthur Watres.
Hon. Frank W. Wheaton.
Henry Hunter Welles, Jr.
Mrs. Stella H. Welles.
Theodore Ladd Welles.
Joshua Lewis Welter.
James Pryor Williamson.
William Dwight White.
John Butler Woodward.
Frederick E. Zerby.
*Deceased.
Annual Members . . 183
Died 13
Living . . .
Life Members
170
. 205
Total 375
INDEX OF NAMES.
The Membership List is Alphabetically Arranged.
Abbott, Abiel, 156, 159.
Alexander, John, 83.
Alexander, William, 83.
Alexander, William M., 230.
Ames, Rev. Hiram P., 91.
Amherst, Gen. Jeppey, 90.
Anderson, James, 21.
Anley, William, 179.
Appleton, Christopher, 175, 176, 177.
Appleton, Elizabeth, 175, 177.
Appleton, Emma E., 177.
Appleton, Frederick G., 173.
Appleton, Henry James H., 176.
Appleton, Matilda M., 176.
Argue, Alice J. J., 171.
Argue, Ann A., 171.
Armstrong, Mary I., 174.
Armstrong, Thomas, 174.
Arndt, John P., 156, 158.
Atkjns, Dr. Dudley, 178.
Atkins, Lucy, 178.
Atkins, M. A., 178.
Bacon, Francis, 195.
Bacon, Harriet R., 195.
Bacon, William A., 195.
Badnall, Elizabeth, 193, 194.
Badnall, Thomas, 193.
Badnajl, William, 193, 194.
Baldwin Alexander, 197.
Baldwin Andrew J., 190, 197, 225.
Baldwin Harry H., 197.
Baldwjn Tared R., 225.
Baldwin John, 225.
Baldwin Mary H., 167, 190, 197.
Baldwin Maud, 197, 225.
Banks, Miss Mary E., 167.
Barber, Elizabeth, 187.
Barber, Enos, 191.
Barber, Jethro J., 187.
Barber, John, 168, 187, 191.
Barber, Rachel A., 187.
Barber, Thirzah S., 187.
Bardsley, C. W., 21.
Barker, Abel, 173.
Barker, Anna, 173.
Barker, Henry, 173.
Barker, Lucy, 173.
Barker, Phebe Ann, 173.
Barker, William, 173.
Barnes, Brittania D., 156, 159.
Barnes, Joseph S., 184.
Barnes, Mrs. Sarah, 165, 184.
Barrell, Dr. Joseph, 25, 54.
Barrett, Mrs. 170.
Barry, Capt. John, 151.
Bateman, Hannah, 195.
Bateman, John, 195.
Bateman, Pauline, 195.
Bates, Capt., 212.
Bauer, Johanna, 194.
Bauer, Martin, 194.
Bauer, Susan, 194.
Blackman, Eleazer, 156, 158, 159.
Blackman, Elisha, 73, 226.
Blackman, John, 226.
Blackman, Melinda, 226.
Blanchard, Jeremiah, 117.
Bradley, Mrs. Anna C., 225.
Beach, Desire, 229.
Beach, Nathan, 229.
Beach, Mrs. Nathan, 73, 229.
Beadle, Anna, 198.
Beadle, Caroline, 198.
Beadle, Emma J., 198.
Beadle, George M., 198.
Beadle, Jesse, 198.
Beadle, Joseph H., 198.
Beauchamp, Rev. William M., n, 16,
18, 55, 68.
Beaumont, Hon. Andrew, 105, 107, 156,
158, 196.
Beaumont, Eleanor B., 171.
Beaumont, Hortense, 172.
Beaumont, Mrs. Julian, 161, 196.
Beaver, Ann, 186.
Beaver, Jane C., 186.
Becker, Adelia A., 171.
Beers, John, 93.
Beers, Mary, 93, 229.
Belcher, David, 116, 121, 122.
Belcher, Deborah, 121, 122.
Bell, Mrs., 168.
Benedict, James, 95.
Benedict, Mrs. Susan, 94.
Bennett, Mrs. Hannah, 5, 12.
Bennett, George S., 12, 15, 16, 20, 230.
Benning, Mrs., 168.
Bertels, Miss B. Isabel, 17.
Bertels, Elizabeth, 188.
Bertels, Jacob, 188.
Bertels, Magdelene, 188.
Bettle, Hannah B., 160.
Settle, Hannah M., 165, 174, 177, 178.
Bettle, Harriet I., 177.
Bettle, James M., 178.
Bettle, Miss Martha, 162.
Bettle, Samuel, 174, 177, 178.
Bettle, S. Leffingwell, 174.
Bettle, William P., 177.
Betts, Thaddeus, 99, 100.
Brewer, Francis, 116, 121, 122.
Brewer, Mary, 121.
Brewer, William, 164.
Bidlack, Benj., 73, no, in.
Bidlack, Capt. James, 90.
Birmingham, Robert, 12.
Bishop, Ann, 84.
Brightly, Charles H., 186.
Brightly, Mary C., 186.
Briggs, W., 23.
242
INDEX.
Brisbane, Mary, 168.
Britton, John, 23.
Boileau, Nathaniel B., 159.
Bolles, Mrs., 167.
Bondy, Mrs. Peter, 12.
Bondy, Rev. Peter, 12.
Bonnell, Samuel, Jr., 167.
Botta, Charles, 70.
Boutell, Charles, 22.
Bower, Catherine, 194.
Bower, Frances, 194.
Bowman, Alexander H., 185, 191, 192.
Bowman, Amelia W., 174.
Bowman, Caleb F., 169.
Bowman, Dallas B., 192.
Bowman, Ebenezer, 156, 158.
Bowman, Miss Ellen S., 161
Bowman, Mrs. Esther, 160.
Bowman, George D., 177.
Bowman, Harriet, 160, 174, 177, 178.
Bowman, Horatio B., 173.
Bowman, Isabelle, 169.
Bowman, Isaac, 156, 159, 166, 175.
Bowman, James, 174, 177, 178.
Bowman, Mrs. Louisa, 165, 185, 191,
192.
Bowman, Lucy M., 185.
Bowman, Miss Mary, 163, 173, 175.
Bowman, Mrs. Mary, 160.
Bowman, Samuel, 156, 158, 175.
Bowman, Susan A., 178.
Boyle, Martha, 218.
Brodhun, Clementine, 169.
Brodhun, C. L., 193.
Brodhun, H. B., 193.
Brodhun, Rebecca E., 193.
Broderick, Elizabeth F., 170, 184.
Brodrick, Ellen, 171, 184.
Brodrick, Emma M., 171.
Brodrick, Thomas, 170, 184.
Bronson, Emmeline, 175.
Bronson, John, 175.
Bronson, Phebe, 175.
Brooke, Miss Catherine, 166.
Brooks, Capt. John, 140, 141, 143.
Brouilette, Capt., 12.
Brouilette, Mrs., 12.
Brower, Mrs. Jane A., 167.
Brown, Helen C., 222.
Brown, John, 165.
Brown, Thomas W., 17.
Brown, William, 156.
Buckalew, Capt. John M., 16.
Buck, Asahel, 101, 207, 208.
Buck, Philip, 211.
Buckingham, Nancy, 217.
Budd, Benjamin, 142, 143.
Bulkeley, Charles L., 171.
Bulkeley, Miss Elizabeth, 166.
Bulkley, Miss Frances, 166.
Bunker, Mr., 131.
Burke, Sir J. Bernard, 21, 22.
Burke, Sir John, 21.
Burnap, Abigail, 229.
Burnett & Carpenter, 12.
Burnham, J. G., 94.
Burr, Levi, 162.
Burritt, Sarah, 83.
Butler, Amanda, 1 73.
Butler, Ann B. C., 112, 224.
Butle
Butle
Butle
Butle
Butle
Butle
Butle
90,
Butle
Butle
Butle
Butle
Butle
Butle
Butle
109
Butle
Butle
Butle
Butle
Butle
Butle
Charles Edward, 105, 169,
Hon. Chester, 105, 113.
Miss Eliza R., 164.
Miss Ellen V., 166.
Miss Frances, 162, 181.
Harriet B. S., 112.
Col. John, 12, 70, 84, 86
112, 156, 158.
Julia, 194.
Gen. Lord, 154, 176, 224.
Lydia S., 112.
Mary, 176, 224.
Mrs. W. H., 162.
Pierce, 156, 158.
Mrs. Phoebe H., 14, 69, 73,
194.
105,
194.
20,
113,
196.
113, 176.
Miss Ruth Ann, 224.
Sarah C., 112.
Steuben, 103, 109, 156, 158,
Sylvania, 112.
Wells, 112.
Col. Zebulon, 12, 14, 15,
21, 69, 87, 89, 94, 105, no, 112,
176, 2O6, 212, 225.
Brundage, Mrs. A. R., 166.
Brundage, Asa R., 166, 189, 193,
Brundage, Elizabeth M., 196.
Brundage, Francis, 193, 196.
Brundage, Jane, 189.
Brundage, M. S., 189.
Brundage, Richard B., 193.
Eyewater, Mrs., 160.
Cahoon, Elizabeth W., 170.
Gaboon, George, 156, 158.
Caird, David, 171.
Caird, Margaret, 173.
Caird, James, 171.
Caird, Jane, 171.
Caldwell, William, 154.
Calhoun, Hon. John C., 81.
Campbell, Miss Jane, 161.
Campbell, Mrs., 161.
Capwell, Miss Jane, 161.
Carnegie, Andrew, 9.
Carey, Barnabas, 115, 116, 117, 121,
212.
Carey, Daniel, 117.
Carey, Eleazer, 117.
Carey, Eliza, 117.
Carey, Isaac H., 117.
Carey, John, 117.
Carey, Joseph, 117.
Carey, Louisa, 117.
Carey, Lucy, 117.
Carey, Miner, 117.
Carey, Rebecca D., 189, 196.
Carey, Sarah, 116, 117, 120, 121.
Carey, William, 117.
Gary, John, 73.
Carpenter, Anna M., 172, 187.
Carpenter, Elizabeth, 181.
Carpenter, Mary E., 181.
Carpenter, Phebe A., 169.
Carpenter, Thomas, 181, 187.
Carter, Anna S., 197.
Carter, Clarinda, 170, 197.
Carter, John W., 197.
Castle, Ann B., 112.
Caswell, Jane, 178.
INDEX.
243
Catlin, Charles, 156, 158.
Catlin, Elizabeth, 216.
Catlin, George H., 12, 17.
Chahoon, George, 195.
Chahoon, Mary, 195.
Chahoon, Temperance, 171.
Chamberlain, Eleanor A., 180.
Chamberlain, Joseph, 180.
Chapman, Asa, 89.
Chapman, Elizabeth, 180.
Chapman, Isaac, 156, 158.
Chapman, James G., 179.
Chapman, John W., 179.
Chapman, Lucretia A., 179.
Chapman, Maria W., 179.
Chapman, Martha L., 179.
Chapman, Mary, 227, 228.
Chapman, Mrs. Rebecca D., 163.
Chapman, Sarah D., 180.
Chapin, Submit, 215, 216.
Chase, Mrs., 169.
Chase, E. B., 169.
Chase, Jennie E., 173.
Clark, Mrs. A. H., 162, 181, 182.
Clark, George, 22.
Clark, Rev. William J., 181, 182.
Clary, Ellen, 171.
Glaus, William, 67.
Claxton, Assheton, 164.
Claxton, Mrs. Caroline P., 163, 183.
Claxton, Elizabeth, 186.
Claxton, John H., 183.
Claxton, Rev. R. B., 162, 182, 183, 186.
Clayton, H. H., 29.
Crary, Mrs. Christobel, 231.
Crary, Cornelia M., 187.
Crary, Mrs. Desire, 231.
Crary, Edwin M., 187.
Crary, Erasmus D., 187.
Crary, Dr. Mason, 230.
Crary, Nathan Beach, 230.
Crary, Miss Martha L., 231.
Crary, Mrs. Miranda L., 29, 231.
Crary, Miss Natalie B., 231.
Crary, Miss Sara Wood, 231.
Crary, Peter, 231.
Crary, Susan, 187.
Crary, Thomas, 231.
Creary, Mrs. Susan, 163.
Chester, Col. J. L., 22.
Chester, Howard, 23.
Christie, Amanda E., 221.
Christie, Dr. C. F. J., 222.
Cist, Ellen E., 180, 226, 227.
Cist, Jacob, 226, 227.
Christ, F. A., 22.
Colckglaser, Daniel, Jr., 159, 156.
Coleman, Mrs. Catherine, 166.
Coleman, Cornelius, 166.
Collier, Sir George, 134.
Collings, Alice M., 172.
Collings, Daniel, 187, 197.
Collings, Elizabeth, 169, 196.
Collings, Mary H., 187, 226.
Collings, Mrs. Melinda, 167, 197, 226.
Collings, Ruth, 169, 196.
Collins, Arthur, 22.
Collins, Daniel, 156, 159.
Colt, Arnold, 156, 159.
Colt, Elizabeth, 185.
Colt, Harris, no, 112.
Colt, Henry, Jr., 165, 185.
Colt, Margaret, 171.
Conyngham, Miss Anna M., 168, 180.
Conyngham, Charles M., 182, 220.
Conyngham, David H., 177, 224.
Conyngham, Harriet M., 198.
Conyngham, John N., 163, 177, 182,
198, 224.
Conyngham, Col. John B., 224.
Conyngham, Miss Mary, 167, 179, 224.
Conyngham, Mrs. Ruth A., 161, 176-
182, 224.
Conyngham, Thomas D., 178, 198.
Conyngham, Mrs. W. L., 171.
Conyngham, William H., 9.
Conyngham, William L., 177.
Cook, Amanda R., 173.
Cook, Mary, 171.
Cooper, Rev. Charles D., 187.
Coots, Henry C., 176.
Coots, Jacob, 176.
Coots, Rosena, 176.
Cornwall, Lieut. Aspinwall, 124.
Cornwallis, Lord, 89.
Corss, Asher, 215, 216.
Corss, Rev. Charles C., 215, 216.
Corss, James, 215, 216.
Corss, Elizabeth C., 215, 216.
Corss, Dr. Frederic, 215, 217.
Corss, Lucy G., 216.
Corss, Martha S., 216.
Corss, Submit C., 216.
Corss, Thankful M., 217.
Courtlandt, Col. Philip Van, 124, 125.
Courtright, Elizabeth B., 174.
Courtright, Henry, 174.
Courtright, Rosanna B., 174.
Courtright, Sarah, 174.
Chollett, , 172.
Croop, Elizabeth, 173.
Crowley, Mrs., 94.
Culver, Lucy A., 187.
Culver, Hiram, 187.
Curtis, Frederick, 209.
Curtis, Sarah, 112.
Gushing, F. H., 58.
Clymer, Henry, 156, 158.
Dana, Charles E., 184.
Dana, Gen. Edmund L., 155, 164, 184,
220.
Dana, Mrs. E. L., 163.
Dana, J. D., 30.
Dana, Sarah H., 184.
Darby, Hasket & Co., 148.
Darby, John, 148. ,
Darte, Samuel, 90.
Davenport, James L., 106.
Davidge, Mrs., 164.
Davidson, Mrs. 162.
Davis, 161.
Davis, Alice V., 185.
Davis, Chambers C., 184.
Davis, Elizabeth, 182, 184, 185.
Davis, George H., 184, 185.
Davis, James B., 182.
Davis, Gen. W. H. H., 8.
Davis, W. M., 26.
Dawson, Capt., 132.
244
INDEX.
Dawson, Sergeant, 128.
Day, Absolom, 99, 100.
Drake, Abigail, 178.
Drake, Mrs. Ann R., 165.
Drake, Benjamin, 154, 156, 158, 174,
185.
Drake, Mrs., 161.
Drake, Mrs. Abigail, 161.
Drake, James, 75, 79, 80.
Drake, Susan, 174.
Drake, Dr. Thomas W., 165, 185.
Dean, Catherine, 196.
Dean, John, 196.
Deane, Silas, 151.
De Hart, Balthazer, 75, 76.
DeHart, Col. William, no.
De Haas, Col. John P., 71.
Denison, Mrs. Caroline, 161, 174.
Denison, Charles, 190, 191, 195, 196.
Denison, David G., 190.
Denison, Elizabeth, 191, 196, 223.
Denison, Ellen, 169, 196.
Denison, Capt. George, 81, 90, 156, 158,
174, 223, 227.
Denison, Henry G., 195.
Denison, Henry M., 174.
Denison, Lazarus, 196.
Denison, Maria P., 196.
Denison, Col. Nathan, 85-90, 207, 217.
Denison, William, 223.
Dennis, Mrs. Abi, 160, 174.
Dennis, Catherine P., 168, 194.
Dennis, Catharine S., 174.
Dennis, Helen I., 194.
Dennis, Jacob J., 156, 158, 174.
Dennis, Norman J., 164.
Dennis, Dr. Welding F., 114, 172, 194.
Denton, Daniel, 75-80.
Depew, John, 207, 208.
Derby, Elias Hasket, 133, 140, 148.
Detrick, Frances A., 183.
Detrick, Grizzy, 192.
Detrick, Mrs. Hannah, 162, 180, 183,
189, 192.
Detrick, Jacob, 162, 183, 189.
Detrick, Jesse C., 189.
Detrick, Thomas E., 192.
DeWitt, Andrew, 178.
DeWitt, Ellen E., 178.
DeWitt, Parma, 178.
DeWitt, Ziba, 178.
Dexter, Franklin B., 10.
Dickenson, Miss Jane, 165.
Dickson, Clare, 22.
Dikman, Eliphalet, 103, 104.
Dille, Mrs. Mary, 164.
Dilley, Emily, 172.
Dimmock, Rev. Davis, 155.
Dimmock, J. Benjamin, 8.
Ditmas, John J., 145, 144.
Doan,. Mr., 132.
Doan, Capt. Prince, 132.
Dorrance, Miss Anne, 8.
Dorrance, Rev. John, 192, 217, 218.
Dorrance, Benjamin, 217.
Dorrance, Col. George, 217.
Dorrance, Nancy B., 217.
Dorrance, Penelope M., 217.
Dorrance, Rev. Samuel, 217.
Doughty, Charles, 151.
Downer, Ebenezer, 82.
Downer, Hannah, 82.
Duncan, Thomas, 159.
Dunlap, Rev. Robert, 228.
Dunlap, Sally, 228.
Dunn, Jane, 181.
Dunn, John Carrington, 163, 181.
Dunn, Mary, 163, 181.
Durel, Stephens, 208.
Durfee, Hon. Nathaniel B., 122.
Durkee, Col. John, 97, 206.
Durkee, Capt. Robert, 82, 90, 101, 103.
Dyer, Thomas, 156, 158.
Dymoke, Dimick, 22.
Evans, John, 156, 159.
Eaton, Jane, 170.
Eaton, Sarah, 169.
Edwards, Mrs., 162.
Edwards, Emmanuel, 180.
Edwards, J. L., 105, 106, 107, 112.
Edwards, William, 180.
Eichelberger, Mrs., 163.
Eiger, Mrs. 162.
Elder, Mary, 169.
Elliott, Elizabeth, 171.
Elliott, Jessie, 73.
Elliott, John, 76.
Elliott, Joseph, 69, 74, 75, 80, 81.
Elliott, Julia A., 171.
Ellmaker, Amos, 159.
Elwood, Aaron, 95.
Elwood, Rev. David M., 95.
Elwood, Shubael, 95.
Emory, Mrs. Louis, 23.
Esson, Ann, 230.
Farnham, Alexander, 217.
Farnham, Mrs. Emily A., 217.
Farguy, John, 185.
Farguy, Mary J., 185.
Farguy, William, 185.
Farrar, Henry, 22.
Flake, Mrs. Catherine, 160.
Franklin, John, 89.
Fell, Judge Jesse, 156, 158.
Feuerstein, Francis, 184.
Feuerstein, George P., 184.
French, , 170.
Freii, David, 186.
Freii, Dorothy, 186.
Freii, Peter, 186.
Fish, Joseph, 209.
Fisher, Esther, 167.
Fisher, James Henry, 230.
Fitch, Abigail, 94.
Fitch, Col. Ebenezer, 82.
Fitch, Capt. Ebenezer, Jr., 98, 103, 104.
Foot, Capt., 131, 132.
Foster, Hon. Charles D., 221.
Foster, Mrs. Charlotte M., 164.
Foster, Edward, 221.
Foster, Florence, 221.
Foster, John J., 175.
Foster, Mary B., 221.
Foster, Mrs. Mary J., 221.
INDEX.
245
Foster, Joseph, 21-23.
Foster, Phineas Nash, 220.
Frothjngham, Jane A., 194.
Frothingham, John, 194.
Fry, Mr., 164.
Fryburg, Margaret, 73.
Fuller, C., 156, 159-
Fuller, Jeremiah, 218.
Fuller, Mrs. Maria M., 166.
Gallat, Mr., 136.
Gallop, Christobel, 229.
Gallop, John, 229.
Gardoqui, James, 150.
Gardner, Simeon, 132, 133.
Gardner, Solomon, 132.
Garrett, Major John, 90.
Graeme, Thomas, 230.
Graham, Sarah M., 172.
Granville, R., 22.
Grattan, Elizabeth, 173.
Graves, Miss Melinda, 161, 177.
Gray, Alice, 188.
Gray, Arabella, 168, 188.
Gray, I., 188.
Gernerd, Dr. J. M. M., 18.
Gibson, John B., LL. D., 159, 173.
Gibson, Margaretta, 173.
Gibson, Sarah, 173.
Gilchrist, Elizabeth, 220.
Gilchrist, Miss Grizzy E., 220.
Gilchrist, Helen M., 171.
Griffith, Andrew J., 229.
Griffith, Jemima §., 229.
Griffith, Jacob K., 229.
Griffith, Gertrude, 229.
Griffith, Mary C., 229.
Griffith, William, 229.
Griffith, William R., 229.
Gilchrist, Mrs., 170.
Gilchrist, Peter Me., 220.
Green, Abner, 197.
Green, Ann, 107.
Green, Anna J., 189.
Green, Ellen, 175.
Green, Emma J., 197.
Green, Mrs. Jane, 160, 189.
Green, John, 189.
Green, Joseph, 175.
Green, Joshua, 175.
Green, Martha L., 189.
Gregory, Hannah, 93.
Gregory, H. E., 26.
Gregory, Mrs. Sarak, 166.
Grennell, Augustus H., 168.
Grinnel, Lucy, 215.
Goodale, N., 140.
Goodenough, Jared D., 80.
Goodwin, Abram, 167, 189, 215, 228
Goodwin, John, 166.
Goodwin, Catherine K., 215.
Goodwin, Martha, 228.
Goodwin, Sarah M., 215.
Goodrich, Mr., 165.
Gore, Daniel, 212.
Gore, Capt. Obadiah, 210, 212.
Gorman, Mrs. Annette J., 16.
Goss, Philip, 212.
Glover, Mrs. H. W., 201.
Gunn, Ann, 216.
Gunsalas, James, 73.
Gustin, George W.,
173-
Haff, Mrs., 161.
Haight, Miss Phebe, 109.
Haines, Miss Abigail, 161, 174.
Haines, Miss Catherine E., 161, 163,
174.
Haines, Eliza, 174.
Haines, George, 174.
Hakes, Lyman, 221.
Hale, Asa, 100.
Hamilton, Elizabeth, 173.
Hamilton, John, 170.
Hamilton, Margaret, 170.
Hammond, Lebbeus, 74.
Hampton, Col. Richard, 71, 72.
Hancock, 153.
Hancock, Jonathan, 156, 158, 174.
Hancock, Martha, 174.
Hancock, Miss Nancy, 161, 174.
Hannis, Hannah, 180.
Harding, Mrs., 167.
Harding, Elisha, 69.
Harding, Garrick M., 192.
Harding, Harriet F., 192.
Harding, Maria, 192.
Harkness, Alexander, 12.
Harrower, Miss Caroline I., 17.
Harvey, Oscar J., n, 17, 74, 83, 200
205.
Hayden, Esther, 94.
Hayden, Eunice, 94.
Hayden, Rev. Horace E., 15, 17, 20
69. 155-
Hayden, Samuel, 94.
Heiss, Elizabeth, 186.
Heiss, Henry, 186.
Heiss, Philip, 186.
Heisz, Anne, 175.
Heisz, Aurora E., 175.
Heisz, Catherine S., 175.
Heisz, Cynthia, 175.
Heisz, Dezia M., 175.
Heisz, Fredrick E., 175.
Heisz, Henry, 175.
Heisz, John M., 175.
Heisz, Letitia, 175.
Heisz, Minerva, 175.
Helme, Capt. William, no.
Hendee, Abner, 91.
Hendee, Alvan, 91-93.
Henfield, Capt. Gideon, 133, 136, i
150, 152.
Henry, Granville, 8.
Hepburn, Lewis, 156, 159.
Hepburn, Patrick, 156, 159.
Herrick, Col., 76.
Hibbard, Bathsheba, 84.
Hibbard, Cyprian, 82, 83.
Hibbard, Ebenezer, 82-84.
Hibbard, Hannah D., 83.
37,
Hibbard, Naomi, 84.
Hibbard, Walter, 84.
Hibbard, William, 69, 73, 83, 84, 91,
92.
Hillard, Ann E., 218.
246
INDEX.
Hillard, Emma A., 193.
Hillard, Mrs. Hannah E., 166, 192, 193,
195-
Hillard, Harriet, 171, 218.
Hillard, Martha L., 192.
Hillard, Mary, 168.
Hillard, O. B., 192, 193, 195, 218.
Hillard, Miss Olivia, 171.
Hillard, Sarah S., 195.
Hillman, Arthur, 17.
Hitchcock, Elisha, 165.
Hoagland, Amos, 221.
Hoagland, Mary J., 221.
Hobart, Rev. Peter, 229.
Hobart, Rebecca, 229.
Hodgson, James, 176.
Hodgson, Stephen, 176.
Hoeflich, Rosina, 172.
Hoffman, Ellen, 170.
Hoflick, Grace C., 172.
Holland, Mrs. Harriet, 163.
Holland, Samuel, 168.
Hollenback, Col. Matthias, 8, 20, 101,
221.
Hollenback, Mary Ann, 221.
Hollenback, Sarah B., 83, 226, 227.
Hollister, Dr. F. Lee, 230.
Holmes, Dr. William H., 56.
Holmes, Col. James, 115.
Hopkins, Dr. Thomas C., 8.
Hoopes, Lydia, 226, 227.
Horton, Elizabeth, 190, 220.
Horton, Emily, 167, 190.
Horton, Miller, 190.
Hotchkiss, Samuel, 208, 209.
Houpt, Mrs. Edgar, 230.
House, Michael, 71.
Howard, Catherine, 168.
Howard, J. J., 23.
Howe, Mrs. Frank W., 12.
Howe, General Lord, 77, 96, 97, 101,
102, 124, 127, 145.
Howe, Margaret, 169.
Howe, Nathan G., 170.
Howes, Harriet, 169.
Hoyt, Anne, 215, 228.
Hoyt, Comfort, 216.
Hoyt, Edward E., 215, 216.
Hoyt, Elizabeth, 215.
Hoyt, Gov. Henry M., 215, 216.
Hoyt, John D., 215, 216, 228.
Hoyt, Martha G., 215, 228.
Hoyt, Martha S., 216.
Hoyt, Nancy H., 216.
Hoyt, Simon, 216.
Hoyt, Walters, 216.
Hoyt, Ziba, 216.
Hunlock, Andrew, 16, 20.
Huntington, Rev. Enoch, 175.
Hunt, Austin, 213.
Hurlburt, Nancy, 216.
Hutchins, Emily, 174.
Hutchins, Miss Mary A., 164, 183.
Hutchins, Mary, 174, 175, 187.
Hutchins, Mrs. Sarah, 165, 187.
Hutchins, Thomas, 174, 175, 183, 187.
Hyers, George, 182.
Ingham, Charles F., 185, 188.
Ingham, Elizabeth, 174.
Ingham, Miss Jane R., 164, 183.
Ingham, Jonas, 174.
Ingham, J. Quincy, 170.
Ingham, Mrs. Lucy A., 163, 185, 188.
Ingham, Mary A., 173, 185.
Ingham, Thomas, 183.
Ingham, William V., 188. •
Isaac, Benjamin, too, 103, 104.
Isaacs, Charles, 100.
Jackson, Miss E. F. M., 163.
Jackson, Capt. William, 115, 118, 120.
Jameson, Clarissa, 196.
Jameson, John, 196.
Jamison, 89.
Jay, Hon. John, 196.
enkins Harris J. P., 121.
enkins Jennatt, 170.
enkins John, 206, 213.
enkins John E., 17, 116.
enkins Thomas, 116.
ennison, Rebecca, 196.
ennison, Samuel, 196.
ones, Mrs., 94.
ones, Catherine, 183.
ones, Rev. Henry L., 9, 155.
fones, John H., 183.
fones, Martha, 183.
fones, Theodore W., 183.
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
ones, William H., 183.
ohnson Capt., 137.
Mrs. Fredrick C., 17.
Dr. Fredrick C., 10, 128.
Rev. Jacob, 10, 20, 212, 221.
Mary B., 221.
Robert, 12.
Sir William, 12.
Judd, Enoch, 210.
Judge, Abner H., 84.
Kienzle, John Michael, 161.
Kellogg, Amanda, 176.
Kellogg, Ephriam T., 176.
Kellogg, John A., 176.
Kellogg, Nathan, 176.
Kellogg, Rosalinda, 176.
Kellogg, Sarah, 176.
Kelly, Minor, 175.
Kelly, Nancy L., 173.
Kelly, Sarah, 175.
Kemper, Rev. Jackson, 155, 173.
Keyer, Timothy, 210.
Kidder Charles Holland, 173, 188.
Kidder David S., 180.
Kidder E. Victoria, 169, 182.
Kidder Luther, 180, 182, 188.
Kidder Mrs. Martha A., 162, 168, 180,
182, 188.
Kidder, Martha E., 181.
Kirby, Fred M., 20.
Kirkendall, Capt., 73.
Kisner, Elliott P., 17, 230.
Kittle, Abigail, 198.
Kittle, Ephriam R., 198.
Kittle, Sophie A., 170.
Kittle, Stephen Y., 170, 198.
Kleman, Catherine E., 185.
Kleman, Jacob, 185.
Kleman, Louise, 185.
Klippel, Conrad, 164, 165, 189, 192.
INDEX.
247
Klippel, Mary A., 189, 192.
Klippel, Sarah E., 192.
Klippel, Thomas W., 189.
Krost, Elizabeth, 190.
Krost, Mrs. Gertrude, 165, 190.
Lacoe, Ralph D., 15, 20.
Lafayette, General, 151.
Lamb, Elizabeth P., 176.
Lamb, Mrs. Frances, 161, 176, 177, 181.
Lamb, Henry F., 176, 177.
Lamb, Mary Adams, 177.
Lane, Charlotte, 162.
Lane, Miss Melicent, 161.
Laning, Amanda E., 221, 222.
Laning, Augustus C., 20, 55, 222.
Laning, Elizabeth V., 222.
Laning, John, 222.
Laning, Mary Ann, 222.
Lathrop, William A., 230.
Lawrens, Col. John, 151.
Lawton, Anna M., 169.
Lawton, Mrs., 169.
Leach, George W., Sr., 230.
Leavenworth, Mrs. Annie, 167.
Le Clerc, Mrs. Rachel, 162, 180.
Ledlie, Capt. Hugh, 82.
Lea, Helen, 227.
Lea, Hetty M., 227.
Lea, James N., 227.
Lea, Squire, 227.
Lea, Rev. Luke, 227.
Lea, Mary W., 227.
Lee, Arthur, 150.
Lee, Mrs. Elizabeth, 161.
Lee, Gen. Charles, 77.
Leffingwell, Mrs., 160.
Lennard, George R., 170.
Lesley, Melissa, 173.
Leslie, James, 179.
Lester, Phebe Ann, 171.
Lewis, Arabella D., 169, 195.
Lewis, Sharpe D., in.
Liggett, Mrs., 164.
Linch, James, 164.
Lincoln, Abraham, n.
Lindsay, James S., 177.
Ljndsay, Mary G., 177.
Lindsay, William, 177.
Lippincott, Catherine, 169.
Lippincott, Sophie, 172.
Livingston, Col., 76.
Lockey, Adelaide, 180.
Lodge, S. S., 22.
Lookyear, Hannah E., 197.
Lookyear, John, 193, 197, 198.
Lookyear, Martha, 193, 197, 198.
Lookyear, Thomas, 193.
Loomis, Maj. Libbeus, 97, 102.
Loop, Cornelia Burton, 168, 194.
Loop, DeWitt Clinton, 164.
Loop, E. Sterling, 194.
Loop, Lydia, 194.
Loop, Ruth E., 194.
Loop, Samuel, 194.
Loop, Sterling R., 195.
Loskiel, 62.
Lull, Richard S., 28.
Lynch, Anna P., 218.
Lynch, Anne E. H., 218.
Lynch, Edward, 218.
Lynch, Edith H., 219.
Lynch, Harriet H., 219.
Lynch, Mary B., 219.
Lynch, Martha B., 218.
Lynch, Samuel H., 218, 219.
Mack, John Martin, 200, 204.
Maffett, Adelia, 167, 191, 194, 196, 198.
Maffet, George G. W., 196.
Maffet, Martha A., 191.
Maffett, Ruth, R., 194.
Maffet, Samuel, 156, 158, 159.
Maffet, William R., 191, 194, 196, 198.
Malcom, Col. William, 124.
Mallery, Garrick, 156, 158.
Manley, Clarissa, 190.
Manley, Hiram, 191.
Manley, John, 190.
Manley, Mrs. Rhoda, 166, 190, 191.
Manley, William, 190, 191.
Manly, Capt. John, 134.
Mann, Syrus, 91, 93.
Marble, Col. J. M. C., 230.
Marcy, Gen., 127, 128.
Marcy, Susan A., 169.
Marewine, Catherine, 177.
Marewine, Charles, 177.
Marewine, Eliza A., 177.
Marewine, James M., 177.
Marple, Enoch W., 230.
Marshall, 70.
Marshall, Eliza, 168, 193, 196, 198.
Marshall, Grace E., 172, 193.
Marshall, Lydia J., 193.
Marshall, Mary A., 193.
Marshall, Samuel, 171, 193, 196, 198.
Marshall, William R., 196.
Marvel, Nicholas, 207.
Marvjn, Abigail, 94.
Marvin, Betsey M., 95.
Marvin, Capt. Cyrus O., 98.
Marvin, David, 69, 70, 73, 93-104.
Marvjn, Elizabeth, 93.
Marvin, Esther, 95.
Marvin, Hannah, 95.
Marvin, Matthew, 93, 95.
Marvin, Reinold, 93.
Marvin, Samuel, 94, 95.
Marvin, Sarah, 95.
Marvin, Seth, 94.
Marvin, Simeon, 95.
Marvin, Susan, 95.
Marvin, Uriah, 94, 97, 102.
Mason, Major John, 229.
Mason, Rebecca, 229.
Matthews, John, 23.
Matthews, Peter, 211.
Matthias, George, 12.
Maxwell, Elizabeth C., 170, 183, 188,
190.
Maxwell, Helen, 190.
Maxwell, Tames L., 165, 167, 188, 190.
Maxwell, Mrs. Lydia M., 163, 183, 184.
Maxwell, Mary O., 170, 184.
Maxwell, Samuel, 188, 190.
Maxwell, Squire, 182.
Maxwell, Thomas M., 190.
Maxwell, Volney Lee, 163, 182, 184.
May, Mrs. James, 161.
248
INDEX.
May, Rev. James, 176, 183, 186.
Mayer, Ellen, 169.
McAlpin, Andrew W., 190.
McAlpin, Egbert, 182.
McAlpin, Fredrick, 163, 183, 190.
McAlpin, George, 182, 183.
McAlpin, Sybil, 182, 183.
McCartney, Mrs. K. S., 155.
McCharachan, Capt., William, 85.
McCoy, Miss Sarah, 161.
McDpugal, Gen., 97, 102, 128.
McGinley, Henry, 184.
McGinley, John, 184.
McGinley, Mary, 184.
McGuiggan, Patrick, 167.
McGuigan, Mrs. Rachel A., 165.
McKean, Addison, 80.
McNair, Hetty, 227.
McNeil, Mr., 134.
McNelly, Catherine, 181.
McNelly, James, 181.
McNelly, William, 181.
Mercer, James, 217.
Mercer, Mary, 217.
Mercer, Penelope, 217.
Mercer, Samuel, 217.
Meredith, Miss Elizabeth, 165.
Meredith, Margaret A., 176.
Merrick, Charlotte, 182.
Merrick, Holland M., 182.
Merrick, John M., 182.
Mervin, Adjutant Elihu, 97.
Mesheppenjole, Capt., 151.
Metcalf, Anthony, 169.
Metcalfe, W. C., 23.
Miles, Mrs. G. D., 163, 188.
Millage, Abigail, 121, 122.
Millage, Levi, 116, 121, 122.
Miller, Phebe, 227, 228.
Mills, Mrs., 161, 162.
Mills, Adelaide J., 183.
Mills, Amanda T., 181.
Mills, Charles D., 188.
Mills, Emma F., 190.
Mills, Henry C., 168, 182.
Mills, James, 186.
Mills, John B., 181-183, 186, 188-190.
Mills, Nancy, 181, 182, 183, 186, 188,
190.
Mills, Sarah M., 189.
Miner, Anna L., 191.
Miner, Asher, 154, 181.
Miner, Caroline T., 188.
Miner, Hon. Charles A., 15, 20, 70,
156, 158, 226, 227.
Miner, Ebenezer B., 177.
Miner, Eliza Ross, 171.
Miner, Ellen, 226-227.
Miner, Mrs. Elizabeth D., 164.
Miner, Emily, 171, 186.
Miner, E. D., 188, 191, 193, 198.
Miner, Julia, 169, 196.
Miner, Letitia W., 198.
Miner, Mrs. Lucy E., 162, 177, 178,
181.
Miner, Mary A., 178.
Miner, Sidney R., n.
Miner, Thomas W., 177, 178, 181.
Miner, William P., 186, 188, 191, 193,
198.
Mitchell, Capt., 92, 124.
Mock, Catherine, 170.
Montgomery, Gen. Richard, 76.
Moore, Mrs. O. K., 168.
Morehouse, Stephen, 99, 104.
Morgan, Harry, 79.
Morgan, Jesse T., 114.
Morris, Mrs. Esther, 164, 184.
Morris, T. Milner, 16, 230.
Morris, William K., 163.
Morris, Sarah, 169.
Moseley, Increase, 211.
Moss, Ann, 195.
Moss, David R., 195.
Moss, Samuel, 195.
Moyatt, Capt., 148.
Muller, Augustus B., 195.
Muller, H. G. A., 168, 195.
Muller, Sarah J., 168, 195.
Murray, Major Daniel N., 145, 147.
Murray, Steuben B., 12.
Myers, Amelia E., 172.
Myers, Miss Carrie J., 14.
Myers, Charles, 168, 192, 193.
Myers, Ellen A., 196.
Myers, Frank P., 194.
Myers, Miss Harriet, 163, 181.
Myers, Miss Jane, 163, 181.
Myers, John, 14, 181, 192.
Myers, Josephine Gross, 172.
Myers, Julius, 173.
Myers, Lawrence, 215.
Myers, Lucinda C., 169, 194, 196.
Myers, Mrs. Martha B., 14, 193.
Myers, Philip, 215.
Myers, Philip H., 12, 194, 196.
Myers, Mrs. Sarah, 163, 181, 192, 215.
Myers, William P., 193.
Naglc, Sarah, 170.
Nash, Asahel, 100.
Nelson, Capt. John, 71.
Nesbitt, Abraham, 20.
Nesbitt, Miss Fredricka, 17.
Nesbitt, Ralph, 17.
Newcomb, Alfred W., 189.
Newcomb, Ann B., 190.
Newcomb, Elisa, 198.
Newcomb, Martha, 198.
Newcomb, Nancy W., 189.
Newcomb, Robert, 191.
Newcomb, Susan, 189, 191, 198.
Newcomb, William, 189, 191, 198.
Nicholas, Hannah, 184, 185.
Nichols, I. G., 23.
Nicholas, Jane, 184.
Nicholas, Joseph H., 184.
Nicholas, Susannah, 184.
Nicholas, Thomas, 184, 185.
Nicholas, Victoria, 184.
Nicholas, William J., 185.
Niebell, Barnet S., 177.
Niebell, Fredrick, 177.
Niebell, John J., 177.
Nixon, Ann, 195, 197.
Nixon, George, 195, 197.
Nixon, Jane E., 195.
Nixon, Mary Ann, 197.
North, Asahel, 70.
Norton, Elizabeth, 172, 179, 181.
INDEX.
249
Norton, John W., 180.
Norton, Mrs. Mary, 162, 180, 181.
Norton, William B., 162, 179, 181.
Ormerod, George, 23.
Orne, Josiah, 133, 140.
Orne, William, 140.
Osterhout, Isaac M., 9.
Orrell, Isabella, 170.
Overholtz, Mrs. Sarah, 163.
Overton, Mrs. Anna M., 160.
Overton, Miss Mary B., 162.
Overton, Miranda Lee, 231.
Overton, Henry, 231.
Overton, Isaac, 231.
Overton, Sarah, 231.
Overton, Thomas B., 156, 158.
Owen, Daniel, 70, 100.
Paine, Annie Lee, 173.
Paine, Lewis C., 172, 192.
Paine, Mary L., 192.
Paine, William L., 192.
Palmer, Ellen, 171.
Palmer, Hon. Henry W., 171.
Palmer, Stearne, 156, 159.
Parke, Benjamin, 176, 185.
Parke, Elizabeth, 185.
Parke, Sarah G., 185.
Parker, Mr., 58.
Parker, Arthur C., 9, 17.
Parker, Robert B., 177.
Parr, Ann, 172.
Parrjsh, Abigail, 227, 228.
Parrish, Archippus, 227, 228.
Parrjsh, Abraham, 227, 228.
Parrish, John, 227-228.
Parrish, Mrs., 167.
Parrish, Charles, 218, 224, 225,
228, 229.
Parrish, Miss Mary C., 224, 225.
Parrish, Rebecca W., 227, 228.
Patten, Alice, 197.
Patten, Andrew, 192, 194, 196.
Patten, Ann, 192, 197.
Patten, Catherine, 169.
Patten, Miss Elizabeth, 167.
Patten, George, 192, 197.
Patten, Hannah A., 196, 197.
Patten, Mrs. Jane, 167, 192.
227,
Patten, Joseph W., 192.
;n, Margaret, 192, 194
196.
Patter.
Patten, William, 192.
Patterson, Mr., 164.
Patterson, John, 165, 185, 187.
Patterson, Margaret, 187.
Patterson, Mary, 185, 187.
Patterson, Richard, 185.
Paul, Tames, 182.
Paul, Mary, 182.
Paul, William, 182.
Payne, Edward F., 16, 230.
Payne, Bruce B., 229, 230.
Payne, Edward, 228, 230.
Payne, Mrs. Elsie R., 229, 230.
Payne, Miss Eleanor Arline, 229, 230.
Payne, Priscilla J5., 230.
Payne, William G., 230.
Pratt, Capt. Joseph, 132, 187, 148, 15.
Peirce, Ezekiel, 205, 213.
Peirce, Lieut. Timothy, 88.
Perkins, John, 212.
Perry, Benjamin, 156, 158, 180.
Perry, Mrs. Mary, 160, 174, 180.
Perry, Miss Rebecca I., 162, 180.
Peters, Miss Anna M., 165.
Peters, C. C., 181.
Peters, Ellen M., 181.
Peters, John S., 91.
Peters, Ralph, 181.
Peters, Miss Sarah H., 163.
Pettebone, Judge, 187.
Pettebone, Mrs. Elizabeth, 187, 189.
Pettebone, Henry, 119, 189.
Pettebone, Noah, 193.
Pettebone, Sarah, 193.
Pettebone, William S., 187.
Phelps, Arminda, 84.
Phelps, Francis A., 230.
Phelps, Noah, 209.
Phelps, Obadiah, 84.
Prestidge, Thomas R., 164.
Preston, Joseph T., 172.
Preston, Marian W., 173.
Preston, Sarah Ann, 173.
Pickering, Col. Timonthy, n.
Pickett, Ann, 173.
Pickett, Frederick, 173.
Pickett, Mary A., 173.
Pierce, Alice, 194.
Pierce, Anne V., 168, 194, 196.
Pierce, Maj. Harry W., 17.
Pierce, Henry H., 196.
Pierce, Mary, 225.
Pierce, Dr. Thomas A., 194, 196.
Phillips Anne, 218.
Phillips Elizabeth, 121, 122.
Phillips Hosea, 116, 117, 122.
Phillips Job, 73.
Phillips Nicholas, 206, 207.
Phinney, Elizabeth C., 181.
Phinney, Henry S., 181.
Phinney, Mary, 181.
Pritchard, Jonathan, 207.
Poinsett, Hon. Joel R., 112.
Potter, Bishop, 167.
Prosser, Elizabeth M., 169.
Puterbaugh, Susan, 173.
Purdon, Mrs. Mary B., 165.
Putnam, Gen. Israel, 77, 120, 124, 125.
Pyke, Abraham, 73.
Quillinan, Dennis, 164.
Race, Ann, 195, 197.
Race, George, 195, 197, 198.
Race, Margaret A., 195.
Race, Martha E., 197.
Race, Nancy, 198.
Rafferty, Miss Nancy, 161.
Ramsay, 70.
Ransom, Capt., 70, 89, 90, 96, 98, 101,
103.
Ratheram, Mr. Edward, 165.
Raub, Andrew G., 226.
Raub, Edwin, 226.
Raub, Maud B., 226.
Raub, Samuel, 226.
Ray, Mrs. Sarah, 161, 176.
Reel, Helen M., 171.
250
INDEX.
Reese, Abigail, 196.
Reese, Ruth, 170.
Reese, Thomas C., 196.
Reichard, Col. George N., 219, 220.
Reichard, Miss Grizzy E., 219, 220.
Reichard, Capt. John, 189, 191, 219.
Reichard, Joseph, 189.
Reichardt, Mary E., 188.
Reichard, Mrs. Wilhelmina, 166, 189,
191, 219.
Reichard, William, 191.
Reichart, Catherine F., 184.
Reid, Mary, 217.
Reith, Ann Essen, 230.
Reith, George, 230.
Reitstap, J. B., 23.
Reloter, Mary A., 172.
Renshaw, Theodore, 200.
Renwick, Edward S., 166.
Reynolds, Mrs. Dorrance, 17.
Reynolds, Mary, 169, 196.
Reynolds, Sheldon, 20, 21, 155.
Ribball, Capt. George, 73.
Rice, W. N., 26.
Richmond, William H., 17.
Rickard, A. G., 194.
Rickard, Charles B., 194.
Rickard, Rebecca, 194.
Rickard, Jedediah, 213.
Richards, Asa, 12.
Ricketts, Agib, 170.
Ricketts, Col. Robert Bruce, 227.
Ricketts, Robert Bruce, 3d, 227.
Ricketts, Miss Stella S., 221, 227.
Ricketts, Wijliam R., 227.
Riesz, Fredrick William, 195.
Riesz, John, 192.
Riesz, Joseph, 192, 195.
Riesz, Magdalene, 192, 195.
Riley, Bridget, 171.
Riley, Miss Cecilia, 166.
Riley, Elizabeth, 172.
Riley, James, 185, '186.
Riley, Margaret, 170, 185.
Riley, Miss Mary, 165, 185, 186.
Riley, Thomas, 186.
Ritter, Gov. Joseph, 8.
Ritterspacher, Jacob, 186.
Ritterspacher, Margaret, 186.
Ritzema, Col. Rudolphus, 75, 77, 78. 80.
Roberts, Harriet A., 218.
Roberts, James, 70, too.
Robinson, A. L., 193, 195.
Robinson, Mrs. Ann, 161, 176.
Robinson, Anthony, 178, 179.
Robinson, Emma A., 193.
Robinson, Giles, Jr., 178.
Robinson, Houghton B., 162, 179.
Robinson, John W., 176, 179.
Robinson, Le Clerc, 195.
Robinson, Maria, 169.
Robinson, Martha, 172.
Robinson, Mary O. B., 176, 179.
Robinson, Rose, 178, 179.
Robinson, Samuel, 193, 195.
Robinson, Thomas W., 179.
Rockwell, Billy, 95.
Rockwell, Eliud, 95.
Rockwell, Fredrick, 95.
Rose, Deloss, 162, 178.
Ross, Ann, 197.
Ross, Eliza, 154.
Ross, Mary A., 197.
Ross, Gen. Robert, 74.
Ross, Mrs. Ruth, 162, 179.
Ross, Samuel, 197.
Ross, William, 154, 170.
Roth, Charles, 186.
Roth, Justine, 186.
Roth, Mary T., 171, 186.
Roughsedge, Elizabeth, 193.
Roughsedge, Harriet, 197.
Roughsedge, Margaret, 197.
Roughsedge, Mary A., 193.
Roughsedge, William, 193, 197.
Round, J. H., 23.
Russell, Mrs. Christiana, 161.
Russell, Rev. Peter, 164.
Rutter, Emily H., 180.
Rutter, Margaret J., 180.
Rutter, Mary A., 180.
Rutter, Nathaniel, 180.
Sanderson, Mrs. G. S., 229.
Saunders, Thomas, 133.
Sax, Conrad, 229.
Sax, Jemima, 229.
Sax, Jacob, 229.
Sax, John, 229.
Sax, Rebecca, 229.
Sayre, Anna F., 179.
Sayre, Catherine I., 179.
Sayre, Elizabeth K., 179.
Sayre, William H., 179.
Schrader Miss Elizabeth, 167.
Schrader Nicholas, 219.
Schrader Philip, 219.
Schrader
Schrader
Scranton
Scranton
Miss Magdalene, 166.
Miss Wilhelmina, 219.
Cornelia W., 224.
Joseph H., 224.
Shaler, John, 116.
Sharpe, Anna, 179.
Sharpe, Elizabeth, 168, 178, 187.
Sharpe, Frances, 177.
Sharp, Henry, 187.
Sharpe, Hester, 181.
Sharp, John, 195.
Sharp, Margaret, 195, 198.
Sharpe, Mary Ann, 198.
Sharpe, Rachel, 167.
Sharpe, Richard, 161, 176, 177, 179, 181
Sharp, Robert, 195, 198.
Sharpe, Mrs. Sarah, 161, 164, 176, 177,
179, 181.
Shay, Charles F., 195.
Shay, John, 195.
Shay, Sarah J., 195.
Shrader, Elizabeth L., 192.
Shrader, G. P. F. C., 192.
Shrader, Rebecca, 192.
Slade, Mr. 137.
Slapp, Capt. John, 82.
Smailey, Mrs. Elizabeth, 167.
Smalley, William, 167.
Spalding, Capt. Simon, 70, 92, 96, 101.
Spaulding, Andrew, 207.
INDEX.
251
Standish, Priscilla, 230.
Spayd, Dr. Charles W.,
Stanton, Ann, 170.
230.
Stanton, Capt. Thomas, 229.
Stanton, Rachel, 173.
Staples, John, 209, 211.
Stark, Miss Cornelia W., 9, 17.
Swanwick, Mrs. 164.
Sears, Benj., 99.
Searle, Ebenezer, 209.
Searle, William, 69.
See, Lieut. Horace, n.
See, Mrs. Horace, n.
Seers, Benjamin, Judge, 99.
Selleck, Rev. Charles M., 95.
Severn, Mrs. Nancy, 165.
Schnebly, J., 72.
Sheldon, Maj. Elisha, 147.
Shephard, Hannah, 184.
Shephard, John, 184.
Sherman, Jenks N., 162.
Sherwood, George, 23.
Skelding, Amelia M., 173.
Skelding, William, 173.
Stearns, Capt. L. Denison, 20.
Stedman, Sarah, 226, 227.
Sterling, Lord, 76, 125.
Sterling, Mrs. W. G., 169.
Stevens, Asa, 211.
Stevens, General, 97, 102.
Stevens, Jesse, 207, 208.
Stevens, Van Buren, 169.
Stewart, William, 212.
Streater, Mrs., 161, 163.
Streater, Dr. Charles, 161.
Streater, Miss Elizabeth, 163, 187.
Streater, Mrs. Martha, 166, 187, 189.
Streater, Sarah P., 189.
Streater, William, 187, 189.
Swet, Capt., 128, 129, 130, 131, 132.
Sweatland, Caleb, 209.
Sisty, Mrs., 162.
Sisty, Amos, 182, 183.
Sisty, Helen, 183.
Sisty, Martha S., 182, 183, 188.
Sisty, Mary L., 182.
Sisty, Samuel B., 188.
Sisty, William White, 188.
Sitgreaves, Rev. Samuel, 174.
Sigourney, Elias, 134.
Silbo, Jabez, 212.
Silsbee, Nathaniel, 133, 134.
Silver, Harriet B., 112.
Sincoe, Gov., 67.
Sims, Richard, 23.
Sinyard, Jonathan, 165.
Sinyard, Mrs. Martha, 165.
Sinyard, Mrs. Mary, 164.
Shiras, Alexander, 162.
Shiras, Mrs. Alexander, 162.
Schribzer, Mrs. Betsy, 162.
Smith, Abigail, 115, 122.
Smith, Benjamin, 73, 114, 155.
Smith, Catherine, 116.
Smith, Charles M., 186.
Smith, Deborah, 116.
Smith, Elizabeth, 116, 121, 195.
Smith, Eliza J., 195.
Smith, Mrs. Hannah C., 167.
Smith, Isaac, 195.
Smith, John, no, in, 112, 116, 121,
122, 186.
Smith, Justine T., 186.
Smith, Mary, 116, 186.
Smjth, Robert, 116, 121, 122.
Smith, Sarah, 115, 116.
Spinks, Catherine, 121, 122.
Spinks, Charles, i»6, 121, 122.
Stites, Mrs. Lydia A., 16, 230.
Swift, Ensign Herman, 96, 101.
Schriber, Mrs. Betsy, 162.
Scott, Benjamin,, 177.
Scott, Mrs. Catherine, 160, 163, 174,
175, 180.
Scott, David, 81, 108, 109, no, 161,
174, 175, 177, 180.
Scott, Miss Elizabeth, 162.
Scott, Ellen, 167, 180.
Scott, Ethen, 197.
Scott, George, 170, 180, 191.
Scott, James A., 193.
Scott, John, 191, 193.
Scott, Letteer, 197.
Scott, Martha Ann, 174.
Scott, Mrs. Mary, 162, 191, 193, 197.
Scott, William B., 174.
Scoville, Elisha, 116.
Scoville, James, 116.
Shoemaker, Henrietta, 171.
Shoemaker, Miss Jane A., 14.
Shomaker, Mrs. Ann E., 227.
Shoemaker, Hon. Charles D., 227.
Shoemaker, Elizabeth D., 227.
Shoemaker, Elijah, 223, 227.
Shoemaker, Mrs. Esther W., 223.
Shoemaker, George, 227.
Shoemaker, Hendrick J., 227.
Shoemaker, Helen L., 225, 227.
Shoemaker, Robert C., 227.
Shoemaker, Rebecca J., 227.
Shoemaker, Stella, 225, 226, 227.
Shoemaker, William M., 230.
Shoemaker, Hon. L. D., 12, 223, 227.
Shoemaker, Dr. Levi I., 9, 12, 223, 224.
Slocum Abi D., 171, 182.
Slocum Mrs. Ann D., 163, 182, 183.
Slocum Benjamin, 182.
Slocum Edward L., 192.
Slocum Mrs. Elizabeth, 166, 188, 192.
Slocum Ellen M., 183.
Slocum Frances, 12.
Slocum Joseph, 156, 159, 179.
Slocum J. J., 188, 192.
Slocum Sarah L., 171, 179, 188.
Slocum Thomas T., 182, 183.
Slosson Maria, 167.
Snow, Catherine, 192.
Snow, John, 192.
Snow, Kate Riley, 170.
Snow, Miss Mary E., 167, 192.
Stoddart, Lydia, 112.
Stoeckel, Louisa, 173.
Stott, Mrs., 163.
Stout, Asher M., 190, 191.
Stout, Ellen G., 168, 190, 191.
Stout, John K., 190.
Stout, Katherine H., 191.
252
INDEX.
Strong, Bathsheba, 84.
Sullivan, Gen. John, 125.
Sumner, Mai. John, 97, 102.
Sutherland, W. C., 12.
Scull, William, 200.
Sluman, William, 206.
Stuart, Ellen, 182, 184.
Stuart, John, 182, 184.
Sturdevant, Charles Huston, 173.
Sturdevant, Ebenezer Warren, 168, 194.
Sturdevant, E. W., 191, 194, 196, 230.
Sturdevant, Frank T., 196.
Sturdevant, Mrs. Lucy, 166, 196.
Sturdevant, L. H., 191, 194.
Sturdevant, Mary E., 191.
Synards, Joseph, 165.
Sly, Susan, 170.
Smythe, Samuel Nesbitt, 17.
Snyder, Catherine, 186.
Snyder, Mrs. Catharine C., 225.
Snyder, Jacob, 186.
Snyder, Michael, 186.
Snyder, Simon, 159.
Taylor, Dr. Lewis H., 20.
Thatcher, Alice, 196.
Thatcher, Emily, 169, 196.
Thatcher, William, 196.
Tracy, Charles H., 188.
Tracy, Deborah, 185.
Tracy, Edward W., 188.
Tracy, Edwin, 156, 159, 185.
Tracy, Eugene A., 188.
Thomas, Isaac, 226, 227.
Thomas, Jesse, 226, 227.
Thomas, Percy R., 16, 228.
Thomas, Ellen M., 228.
Thomas, Lydia H., 228.
Thomas, Mordecai, 228.
Thomas, Peter, 228.
Thomas, Sarah S., 228.
Thomas, Miss Sarah Ann, 167.
Thomas, Mrs. Sallie D., 228.
Thomas, William, 161.
Thompson, Capt. Cornelius, 138.
Thornton, Emily Jane, 170.
Thorpe, Abraham, 164.
Trott, Mrs. Lydia, 160.
Trott, Miss Sarah Elizabeth, 161.
Tuckett, John, 22.
Turner, Mrs. Jemima, 167.
Turner, John, 116, 167.
Turner, Samuel G., 171.
Trumbull, Gov., 84, 88.
Thomas, , 165.
Tracy, Mrs. Hannah, 160, 163.
Tracy, Jane B., 188.
Tracy, Leonard B., 188.
Tracy, Mary Ann, 188.
Tracy, Norman R., 188.
Tracy, Peleg, 156, 158.
Tracy, Mrs. Sarah, 164, 165, 185, 188.
Traxler, William E., 17.
Teed, Amanda, 169, 196.
Teed, Freeman T., 196.
Teed, Gilbert G., 196.
Tilghman, William, 159.
Tissington, S., 23.
Titus, Helen C., 172.
Trimble, James, 160.
Tripp, Diana N., 176.
Tripp, Isaac, 212.
Totten, Mr., 164.
Tyler, Dr. Lyon G., 9.
Ulman, Daniel, 218
Underbill, , 22.
Vallance, John K., 168, 193.
Vallance, Rebecca L., 193.
Vallance, Sarah, 168, 193.
Van Cortland, Col. Philip, 115.
Vernet, Mrs. Ann, 163.
Vernet, Charles I., 162.
Vilner, J. V., 112.
Vivian, J. L., 22.
von Krug, Rev. Dr. F., 8.
Wadhams, Esther W., 223.
Waelder, Elizabeth, 191.
Waelder, Jacob, 191.
Waelder, Mary L., 191.
Walker, Biddy, 185.
Walker, Elizabeth, 185.
Walker, Joseph, 185.
Wallace, John, 164.
Wallace, William W., 164.
Ward, Miss Celena, 166.
Ward, Esther A., 197.
Ward, John J., 156, 158.
Ward, Maria, 172.
Ward, William E., 197.
Warner, Henry, 187.
Warner, Margaret, 187.
Warner, Mary E., 187.
Warner, Winfield, 187.
Washburn, Daniel, 69.
Washington, Gen. George, 14, 79, 87,
88, 96, 97, 101, 102, 105, 147.
Waterbury, Gen. David, 147.
Waters, Henry F., 23.
Waters, R. E. C., 22.
Watrous, Col. Lewis A., 8.
Watson, Mrs. A. R., 23.
Watson, Marrietta R., 185.
Watson, Oliver, 185.
Watson, William S., 185.
Wayne, Gen. Anthony, 71.
Wragg, Sarah B., 171.
Weaver, F. W., 23.
Weaver, Capt. Jacob, 71, 72.
Weaver, M. R., 115.
Webb, Lieut. S., 96.
Weell, Hannah, 154.
Weld, A. D., 22.
Wells, Alsop, 161.
Wells, Edward, 20.
Wells, H. H., 162.
Wells, Lieut., 101.
Wells, Mrs. Mary, 162, 180, 183.
Wells, Richard J., 183.
Wells, Rosewell, 154, 156, 158.
Wells, William H. H., 180, 183.
Wren, Christopher, 18, 199.
White, Daniel, 183.
White, Miss Jane, 164, 183.
White, Joseph, 133.
Whitney, Miss Charlotte, 167.
Wilkes, Col. Jokn, 23.
Willets, Mary, 170.
INDEX.
253
Williams, Darius, Jr., 161.
Williams, Roger, 63.
Williams, Thomas, 109.
Williamson, James Pryor, 172.
Willoughby, Francis, 231.
Wilson, Mrs., 165.
Wilson, Agnes, 186.
Wilson, Ashbel, 156, 159.
Wilson, Frances A., 189, 190, 197.
Wilson, John, 189.
Wilson, Mary, 225.
Wilson, Olivia, 190.
Wilson, Robert, 166, 195, 197.
Wilson, Sarah, 195, 197.
Wilson, Thomas, 190, 195.
Wilson, Zaccheus, 227.
Wintersteen, Mary, 173.
Wintermute, Philip, 206.
Winterstein, Nancy, 170.
Withers, Mrs., 170.
Withers, Alfred B., 193.
Withers, Charlotte, 193.
Withers, William S., 168, 193.
Wright, 23.
Wright, Mrs., 161, 163.
Wright, Anna, 154, 168.
Wright, Caroline Griffin, 172.
Wright, Dr. Harrison, 20, 21.
Wright, Ellen Hendrick, 172.
Wright, Miss Hetty, 165.
Wright, Jemima, 227, 228.
Wright, Joseph, 154.
Wright, Josiah, 154.
Wright, Letitia, 154.
Wright, Mary, 154, 164.
Wilson, Mary, 227.
Wright, Sarah, 154, 174.
Wright, Thomas, 154.
Wright, William, 154, 174.
Wolfe, General James, 90.
Wolfe, Gov. George, 8.
Wolken, Cynthia, 170.
Woodward, Mrs., 101.
Woodward, Abishai, 182.
Woodward, Adeline, 191.
Woodward, Catherine, 191, 194, 196.
Woodward, Charles F., 191.
Woodward, Elizabeth, 181.
Woodward, Miss Ellen May, 166, 180.
Woodward, Hon. George W., 163, 178-
183, 186, 189, 191.
Woodward, Henry, 191.
Woodward, John Kimble, 186.
Woodward, Lucretia, 182.
Woodward, Lydia Trott, 173, 182.
Woodward, Mary H., 189.
Woodward, Nathaniel K., 191.
Woodward, Sarah E., 178, 179, 180,
181, 182, 183, 186, 189, IQI.
Woodward, Hon. Stanley T., 15, 20,
178.
Woodward, Hon. Warren J., 12, 191,
194, 195, 196.
Woodward, William W., 183.
Worrell, Mrs., 168.
Worrell, Constance A., 189.
Worrell, Elizabeth, 191.
Worrell, Dr. E. W., 168.
Worrell, Lewis, 185, 187, 189, 191.
Worrell, Mary M., 185, 187, 189, 191.
Worrell, Reddin, 187.
Wurts, Mrs. Ann, 162, 180.
Wurts, Eliza Ann, 180.
Wurts, John J., 180.
Wynkoop, Lieut. Col., 76.
Yarrington, Hannah, 190.
Yarrington, Luther, 190.
Yarrington, Rebecca K., 190.
Yeager, John B., 17.
Young, Mrs. Phebe, 160, 184.
Young, Miss Sarah, 164, 184.
Zeisberger, David, 12.
Zinzendorf, Count Nicholas Louis, 200,
201, 204.
F
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