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PROCEEDINGS
X
OF THE
ILLINOIS
fait JK0ttbmticrn erf ©0l0r^lx $pn,
l-t
ASSEMBLED AT GALES BURG,
OCTOBER 16th, 17th, and 18th.
CONTAINING
THE STATE 4ND NATIONAL ADDRESSES
PROMULGATED BY IT,
WITH A LIST OF THE DELEGATES COMPOSING IT.
PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE CONVENTION.
CHICAGO
CHURCH, GOODMAN AND DONNELLEY, PRINTKRS.
& 1867.
<%*
m
The bequest oF
Daniel Murray,
Washington, D, G.
1925.
PKOCEEDINGS.
Pursuant to a widely circulated call for such an assemblage, a con-
vention of the colored Americans of the State of Illinois, met at the
city of Galesburg, on the morning of October 16th, A. D. 1866.
The purpose of the body was to thoroughly canvass the subject of
the disabilities, educational and political, that dwell upon persons
of color in this State, impeding their rightful progress, and to devise
and set in motion effective agencies for the permanent removal of
the same.
The place of meeting was the lecture-room of the church of the
Rev. Edward Beecher, D. D. At ten o'clock the convention was
called to order by Mr. Edwin R. Williams, chairman of the Chicago
delegation. At his request prayer was pronounced by the Rev. T.
Strother, of Cairo. Mr. J. H. Barquette, of Galesburg, was elected
temporary chairman, and Mr. Lewis B. White, of Chicago, and Rev.
T. Strother, of Cairo, were elected temporary secretaries.
The call of the convention was then read by Joseph Stanley, of
Chicago, as follows :
To the Colored Men of Illinois :
A year ago the long and bloody war for the preservation of the Union was
terminated. One of its immediate results was the abolition of slavery and the
partial recognition of the rights of the colored race. That recognition, how-
ever, after a year of discussion, is as yet but partial. The question which still
divides the country into two great parties is whether we shall receive, in their
entirety, those rights to which we are entitled from the Legislature of the Union
down to that of each State. This has been the great point of controversy.
And now that we are enabled to express, more fully than ever before, our un-
qualified opinion about those questions which affect the entire interests of a
people who have ever proved loyal to the government of their country, it has
been deemed advisable to issue a call for a Convention of the colored men of
this State, for the purpose of expressing their views in relation to the present
condition of public affairs, and of agreeing upon a course of policy which may
enhance the best interests of our people in general, and one which we can
unitedly pursue, in order to obtain those God-given rights to which we are
entitled, as citizens and men.
.
V \ *
* iinon^tho questions whie%will receive the especial attention of the Conven-
course to pursue in order to obtain equal rights for colored
■'i at the ballot'bo.i ami in courts of justice. While relying with unwa-
vering faith upon the genial action of the Congress of the United States, and of
tie of the . it is necessary for us to take measures look-
' the removal of ^abilities as now affect us by State laws, and with-
J of whicb any favorable action on the part of Congress can be of
but little avail. And of those invidious features of State legislation in regard
tizen, no one more eminently demands our utmost i r its
abolition than the proscription under which we labor, so far as educational
re concerned. We desire to take strong grounds, to the end that
a common school education may be shaved by us in unison
with others, and that we may have an opportunity of proving not only our
ur capacity for improvement.
We desire, too, to consider in what manner we may utterly remove those
linsl u- pie, which still obtain in the minds of so many —
prejudices which are the effect of slavery. We desire to make known to all
our intention to puisne the even tenor of our way, never obtrusive nor permit-
i from others ; trampling on the rights of none, but defending to
of ourselves and of our posterity.
And it will bo our peculiar duty and our highest pleasure to commemorate
- of those colored soldiers who have proven on many a battle-field, in
. a weary siege and many a toilsome inarch, their fitness for defenders of
Republic and for freedom most wide. Pointing to them, as we fondly do,
of our devotion to a country that had enslaved us and is still unkind,
will speak of them with pride and with greatful remembrance.
These are among the chief features for which we have issued this call for a
avention of colored men, to be held on the lGth day of October next,
. Illinois ; and that there may be a thorough representation of the
colored c of the State a desire to impress upon their minds the import-
ance of every city, town and village within its limits appointing delegates to
in in the Convention.
Any further information may bo had on application to the Corresponding
1 -. I.. B. White, G. L. Thomas, E. R. Williams.
rus Richardson, Alton. John Jones, Chicago.
I ward Whi u G. L. Thomas, u
John J. Byrd, Cairo. Joseph Stanley,
T. Strotl •■ John James,
Bamuel Witherspoon, Bloomington. A. Cary,
inl Smith, Shawneetown. L. B. White,
l; !'. Etodgers, Springfield. Wm. Baker,
S. D " E. Hawkins,
R iHtrong, Rockford. R. W. Stokes,
Wylie Wald " E. K. Williams, "
.'. B. Finchure, G-alesburg. E. 0. Freeman, "
.1. II. Barqui "
All communications can be addressed to
LEWIS B. WHITE,
ite Central Committee, Bos to i, Chicago.
A Committee on Credentials was appointed, consisting of Messrs.
D. William-. L. B. White, ('. Richardson, A. Pleasants and E.
■ii.
A Committee on Permanent organizations ted, comprising
lowing gentlemen; George L. Thomas, of Chicago, C. S.
it
IC
1 1
( I
Jacobs, of Decatur, B. Smith, of Shawneetown, G. "W. Faulkner,
of Galesburg, R. Holly, of Bloomington, J. McSmith, of Galena,
J. W. Smith, of Tuscola, M. Richardson, of Mercer county, G. H.
Denny, of Henry county, E. W. Lewis, of Peoria. H. Hicklin, of
Springfield, J. W. Coleman, of "Will county, G. T. Fountain, of
Adams county, James D. Davis, of Knox county, and Wm. Baker,
of Cook county.
This committee of fifteen was ordered to report at half-past two
o'clock p. m,
AFTERNOON SESSION.
The house was called to order at half-past two o'clock, by the
chairman. Prayer was offered by Rev. Mr. Patterson.
George L. Thomas, chairman of the Committee on Permanent
Organization, made the following report :
For President — "William Johnson, of Chicago.
" First Vice President — B. A. Green, of Champaign, City.
" Second Vice President — C. C. Richardson, of Alton.
" Secretary — R. C. Waring, of Chicago.
" Assistant Secretary — T. Strother, of Cairo,
" Treasurer — A. Pleasants, of Adams county.
" Sergeant at Arms — J. D. Davis, of Galesburg.
The report of the committee was adopted, and the officers elect
were introduced to the convention neatly and briefly by Messrs.
Joseph Stanley, L. B. Trusty and M. R. Richardson. Brief and
appropriate speeches were made by the retiring chairman and the
President elect, and the officers entered upon the discharge -of their
respective duties.
On motion of E. R. "Williams, all delegates present without cre-
dentials were invited to seats in the convention.
At the instance of Mr. J. H. Barquette, a call of the roll was
ordered.
On motion of Rev. J. Dawson, Rev. T. Strother was appointed
reporter for the " Christian Recorder," published at Philadelphia.
On motion of E. R. Williams, a Committee of five on Ways and
Means was appointed. The chair selected Messrs. Barquette, Davis,
Thomas, S. D. Williams and M. Richardson.
On motion of Mr. Barquette, a Committee of three on Printing
was ordered, the chair appointing Messrs. Barquette, S. Richardson
and Coleman to comprise it.
On motion of E. R. "Williams, the following named gentlemen
were elected a Committee on Resolutions : Messrs. Joseph Stanley,
S. D. Willkms, E. R. Williams, B. Smith, D. Fletcher, C. S.
Jacobs and H. Hicklin. .
On motion of L. B. White, it was ordered that all resolutions
presented to the convention be referred to the Committee on Reso-
!ut ions, without debate.
A Committee of -i-vm on Suffrage was, on motion of E. R. Wil-
liams, created, composed of Messrs. .1. J!. Dawson, C. C. Richardson,
B. Al. Green, G. T. Fountain, J. D. Davis, R. DeBaptiste and R.
W. Stokes.
( >n motion of J. Stanley, a Committee of seven, to present an
address on the State of the Country, was elected as follows: li. W.
S 'kes, of Chicago, J. 1'.. Dawson, of Chicago, C. S. Jacobs, of De-
ur, <i. T. Fountain, of Quincy, .1. II. Barquette, of Galesburg,
M. Richardson, of .Mercer county, and E. A. Green, of Champaign
City .
The committee were ordered to report at three o'clock p. m., on
Wednesday, I 7th of October instant.
On motion of II. W. Stokes, it was ordered that a committee of
five be appointed to prepare an address to the people of the State
that they report the same to the house at two o'clock
p. in., mi J;he 17th instant; that it be made the order of the day
until disposed of, and that Messrs. R. DeBaptiste J. B. Trusty,
1 1 rge Brent, G. II. Eenry, and R. Holly be said committee.
i»n motion of J. B. Dawson, Messrs. B. R. Williams and T. Stro-
were added to the Committee on Suffrage.
On motion of R. DeBaptiste, Messrs. Joseph Stanley. George T.
Fountain, Walter Coleman, If. Bicklin and C. S. Jacobs wen- ap-
ited a Committee on the Educational Statistics of the State.
On motion of J. B. Dawson, a Committee of seven on tin- Moral
■l' the Color.*,] |v,,|,l,. of the State, was ordered. Messrs.
.!. B. Dawson. R. DeBaptiste, A. Pleasants, J. W. Smith; R. B.
Ji eph Faulkner and George Graves were appointed said
iait tee.
a of G. L. Thomas, the credentials of J. B. Smith, of
Knoxville, were referred to the Committee on Credentials. That
body reported favorably upon the matter referred to them, and Mr.
Smith was admitted to a -■ at in the convention.
On motion of George L. Thomas, il was ordered that the morn-
ing f the convention commence at half-past nine o'clock,
and end at meridian, and that the afternoon session be from two
ick to five ■''clock-.
tin motion of George L. Thomas, a rule was obtained, allowing
"" membi c to -peak- i ■<■ than twice upon the same subject, with-
ioii from the chair.
On motion, the convention adjourned to meet at hall past nine
a. m.. on Wednesdav, 1 7th.
MORNING SESSION.
Wednesday, October 11th,
The Convention was called to order by the President at half-past
nine o'clock, and prayer was offered by the Rev. Mr. Jackson.
Doctor P. B. Randolph and A. J. Gordon, Esq., were introduced
to the Convention by J. H. Barquette.
The proceedings of the previous meeting were read and approved.
On the motion of E. A. Green, George T. Fountain was elected
Assistant Secretary of the Convention.
The proceedings of the meeting of Tuesday morning were read
and approved.
A call of the roll was ordered.
The Committee on Credentials reported the following gentlemen
as duly accredited delegates : George P. Morris, Thomas Steven-
son, R. B. Catlin, George Phenix, H. H. Hawkins, C. C. Rich-
ardson, C. Barbour, Philander Outland.
The Committee on Educational Statistics, through their chairman,
Joseph Stanley, made the annexed report, which was adopted.
ADDRESS FROM THE COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION.
Fellow Citizens op the State op Illinois, — Among the great questions
which claim our special consideration, is that of education. The past and pre-
sent history of our native country, as well as of all other countries which have
attained to any degree of greatness, has proven that, without education, they
are lost to virtue, intelligence, and to that usefulness which have made a people
great, good, happy, and contented.
If a nation, republican in form, loses her virtue, she can no longer claim pres-
tige with her sister republics. The same is with communities and individuals.
What is it that makes a nation, a people, a community, or even an individual,
great, good, and happy? It is a pure, unsullied love of virtue ! And how
shall this virtue be obtained, so as to become beneficial to all, irrespective of
color or condition ?
Judging from the past and looking at the present, we can see, through the dim
vista, the future of a race of people, who are giants in intellect, whose energies
have been crushed by the power of might — a people claiming the admiration
of men and angels, still entreating you, by all that is patriotic in government
and sacred in religion, to be the witness of what they will do to establish their
claim to be recognized as men worthy of a chance in this your noble State, to
earn their bread, to educate themselves and their children — a people full of
love and humanity, ever ready to yield to those christian impulses and feelings
which characterize those whom God has chosen for his elect from all eternity.
Such characteristics must eventually have their reward ; such virtues must
ever live. And, as a part of that race, living in your midst, tilling your soil,
loading your ships, and by our labor enriching you — willing to forget that you
have oppressed, trampled us under foot, shot us down like dogs, treated us as
beasts of burden, having watered the soil of our fair country with the blood
of our fathers, mothers, brothers and sisters — still, we feel it to be our duty to
show, not only to the people of the State of Illinois, but to the nation, that we
are men and American citizens ; that we desire to acquire all your virtues,
shunning every evil calculated to retard our moral, physical, and social condi-
tion. To do this, we ask you, in the name of twenty-two thousand colored
citizens of the State, to open wide your doors, and admit our children into your
lie schools and colleges. We appeal to you, in behalf of eight thousand
boys and -iris, with expansive minds, ready and willing to drink from
fountain of Literature and learning.
Slaves, many of us have !■• it if you give us those advantages which
the Constitution guarantees to all citizens, we shall soon rise in the scale of
being so high that it will blush the cheek of many who have spent their golden
moments at the shri dee and infamy.
Looking at the i mal statistics of our State, we find less than one hun-
d "four colored children in public schools, or less than one in every eighty.
II. ns- long shall Buch a state of things exist ; how long will you encourage pau-
perism, and charge us with having minds not susceptible' of culture. Your
-lature. less than two years ago, wiped from the escutcheon of our great
and im'nlc Stair, a part of her Mark code.
Thi i, you took from your midst twenty-five hundred true and loyal
ks, to help till up your qaota. and your generals led them to a scene of car-
ath. As men and soldiers of Illinois they fought ; as American
they died, defending the honor of the State and the government.
eving that the State, the government, and the entire people, irrespective of
all political differences, would honor their memory by doing justice in the edu-
cation of their children, the protection of their widows and orphans, and
proving to the world that the genius of the American people is liberty unpro-
Bcribed to all. How can you hope for success in the establishment of the
government on the eternal foundation on which your fathers built, if you persist
in denying an education to a persecuted race. This is a world of compensations,
and . would himself be great through the means of i ducation, must not
we the mind of his fellow-being. Then, fellow cititizens. accept the
aphorism, and enlarge upon it : say that, as the colored man is now free, he
may live a better patriot, a belter mau and a better christian.
JOSEPH STANLEY,
Chairman aj Com. on Education.
GEO. T. FOUNTAIN, A lams Co.
WALTER COLEMAN, AVill
C. S. JACOBS, Mkkcer "
II. 1 1 UK LIN. Sangamon
Chairman of the Committee on Resolutions, J. Stanley,
made, (,u behalf of that body, the following report, which was
tpted.
REPORT OF Till' COMMITTEE OX RESOLUTIONS.
Whereas, Taxation without representation is contrary to the. genius and
spirit of our republican institutions, and
Wi The colored people of the 3tate of Illinois are taxed for the sup-
port of the public schools, and denied, by the laws of the State, the right of
tin- their chUdri therefore,
l: '■ That we regard il ss usurpation, unjustly shown toward the
ired citizens of Illinois, and that this Convention do hereby n imend-to
olored | pie of the state to Bend their petitions to our legislature, asking
for tin- repeal of said law.
our sin,, legislature, having ratified tho amendment to tho
' titution of the United States, abolishing slavery, and repealing a pan of her
le, giving to colored men the right to testify i must
id remiss in her duty, until she ed the children of three
Ihon red men who helped to lill the quota of the S.tato.
Resolved, That to deprive us and our children of this invaluable right (honor-
ably and patriotically defended by the blood of our fathers, brothers and sons),
is treating us with wrong and cruel injustice, unheard of in any civilized land
or country whose government, national or State, have received the services
of black soldiers in defending the liberties of the entire people.
Resolved, That in view of the services rendered by the loyal and patriotic
black men of the State of Illinois, during the war which has just ended, wiping
from our national escutcheon the foul stain of slavery, that we ask the legisla-
ture to give us the free exercise of our inherent right, namely, the elective
franchise.
Resolved, That the constitutional disability under which colored men labor in
this State, calls loudly for redress ; it insults our manhood, and disgraces the
name of our great State.
Resolved, That, in spite of every opposition, we recommend to our people
the propriety of getting an interest in the soil, believing that there is power in so
doing : moreover, to cultivate and improve the same is one of the great means
of elevating ourselves and every disfranchised American.
Resolved, That we believe the times require an earnest co-operation of the
colored citizens throughout the State, in securing a recognition of our rights, as
men and citizens, by the next legislature, and that we will unite our efforts with
those of our brethren elsewhere in securing the aforesaid end.
Resolved, That we believe that, under our present form of government, no
man is secure in his life, liberty, or property, while he is deprived of the elective
franchise.
Resolved, That, as the government called upon us to help defend it in the
hour of danger, and thus recognized us as citizens of the republic, it should
now give to us the right of the ballot box, for the protection of ourselves and
families ; and that we will not cease to agitate the question, until we shall have
been recognized in law as the equals of every American citizen.
Resolved, That among the means to be adopted by the colored people of
Illinois, for insuring confidence from their white fellow citizens, is to form
themselves into stock associations, for raising cattle of all kinds, thereby proving
that we have the same pride and taste in enhancing the farming interests of the
State, as those who have, and are still laboring for her future aggrandizement.
Resolved, That our efforts for the achievement of the suffrage question, the
admission of our children into public schools, the acquirement of lands, and the
raising of stock shall be unceasing ; that we feel our manhood, and must exer-
cise it on every occasion, until we are satisfied that the prejudice which now
exists against us is done away, and that we shall be treated as men and brethren
throughout the State.
Resolaed, That as a people whose characteristics are religious, we will con-
tinue to preach and pray, and, if necessary, fight against all laws making a
difference on account of color, either in Church or State.
Resolved, That we do not ask our white friends to elevate us, but only desire
them to give us the same opportunities of elevating ourselves, by admitting us
to the right of franchise, and an equal chance for educating ourselves, by open-
ing the doors of their free schools and colleges.
J. STANLEY, Cook Co.
E. R. WILLIAMS, Cook Co.
C. S. JACOBS, Mercer Co.
GEO. T. FOUNTAIN, Adajis Co.
BRYAN SMITH, Gallatin Co.
P. FLETCHER, Knox Co.
H. HICKLIN, Sangamon Co.
S. D. WILLIMS, Knox Co.
8
I '11 the motion of Rev. R. DeBaptistc, Dr. P. B. Randolph and
Mr. A. J. Gordon were invited to participate in the proceedings of
Convention this p. m., and in the general speaking of the
this evening.
On the m ; James D. Davis, "that a hook of subscription
joint b1 ompany be opened this afternoon," the Convention
v ted affirmatively.
On the motion R. D( B tiste, Messrs. L. B. "White, Joseph
aley and G-. P. Morris, were appointed a committee to report
iroceedings of the Convention to the public journals.
The Convention adjourned to meet at two o'clock p. m.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
The Convention was called to order at two o'clock.
The proceedings of the morning session were read and approved.
The resignation of •). Stanley of his membership of the report-
1 immittee, was offered and accepted by the Convention.
< >n the motion of R. C. Waring, George L. Thomas was
lointed to fill the vacancy thus created.
Committee on Credentials reported S. R. Smith a? a duly
accredit'''! delegate from Knoxville, and lie was thereupon admitted
il in the ( lonvention.
Committee on the address to the people of the State of
tois, made, through their Chairman, Rev. R. De Baptiste, the
owing report, which, after brief speeches in its support, was
pted.
AN ADDRESS
TO THE
PEOPLE OF TILE STATE OF ILLINOIS.
low < 'mz mi'. State of Illinois :
A-- a part of the people of this ; and prosperous common-
th, we have assembled in Convention for the purpose of
idering such matters as relate to our intellectual, moral and
il prosperity. And we wish, by a calm and judicious discussion
ms that are intimately connected with our most vital
- our rights of liberty and the pursuit of happiness,
iclusions as will com il,,,' all of the justice of
, and the reasonableness of our demands.
Receiving, as conclusive upon that question, the legal decisions of
• authority known in the nation, including the judicial,
i legislative and the executive departments of its government,
oitizens of the State of Illinois. And yet, strange and
, wearodw/ i ed in the State of our residence,
9
without the commission of any crime by ourselves, as a reason for
our disfranchisement.
Therefore we address you, but not for the purpose of intruding
upon you, in this address, our opinions on the question of the
reconstruction of the rebel States' Governments into the Republic
again, but Ave address you upon " the subject of State legislation,
which immediately effects and controls the most important rights
of the citizens." In the exercise of the commonest right known
to man, — the right of habitation, — we have chosen this State as
our dwelling place — our home.
Here many of us have purchased lands upon which we have
settled, and by the cultivation of the soil we propose to gain an
honest livelihood, and add to the material wealth of our adopted
State. Others of us have invested our means in the different
branches of mechanical trades and commercial pursuits, while yet
others are engaged in useful industrial occupations, by means of
which to maintain themselves and those dependent upon them, to
acquire property, and accumulate wealth. Having established our
family altars upon this soil, here erected our churches for worship,
and our houses for habitation, we propose to pursue our callings,
serve our God, our country, and our State. Our purpose is to be
intelligent, loyal, and peaceable citizens of the State, and to
maintain such a standing among the rest of our fellow-citizens as
will command their respect. To attain to this end we require the
same means in its. accomplishment as do others ; we need the same
immunities and privileges that are accorded to others. To become
intelligent and useful citizens our youth need the same free and
unrestricted common school privileges that others have, but which at
present they have not, except in a few particular localities, that
renders this great privilege — very justly esteemed as the pride of
our civilization and christian sentiment — by no means general and
free to us.
We wish to call your attention to Section 80 of " An Act to
establish and maintain a system of free schools in the State of
Illinois, as amended February 16th, 1865," which reads as follows :
" In townships in which there shall be persons of color, the board
of trustees shall allow such persons a portion of the school fund
equal to the amount of taxes collected for school purposes from
such persons of color in their respective townships."
Here under the specious pretence of " establishing schools for
persons of color," we are in reality cut off from the common school
privileges of the State. No portion of the funds derived from the
sale of school lands granted by the National Government for
common school purposes, or that derived from other sources of
school revenue, except that of direct tax, is to be given to " such
persons." And even the "portion" "of taxes collected for school
purposes" " the board of trustees shall allow such persons" is so
10
carefully guarded, and so adroitly set apart, as not to lc in ••' amount
in proportion to the number of children under twenty-one years of
age," as is the case with others. No provision is made for school
houses, or the management of such schools, or, inshort, any thing
thai is necessary to "free schools."
Thus it is that the colored citizens of this great State, that
prides itself on its "system of free schools,'' must, under the
presenl partial and unjust enactment, submit to see their children
driven from the well organized and ably conducted schools in the
districts where they reside, for no other delinquency than the crime
of being created with a darker skin than their neighbors. What
an insult to Eim who " hath made 61 one blood all nations of men."
\\ e protest that this is an unjust and unchristian discrimination
againsl a portion of your loyal citizens, and appeal to yen to remedy
what is equally a reflection upon your sense of justice and christian
principle, as it is an injury to us, by taking out of the school laws
of the State all discriminations on account of color or race, and give
to all the people the benefit in common of the free schools.
The citizens of every free and enlightened governmeni have
accorded to them the right of jury trial, before a jury composed of
their " peers," whenever their rights of person or property are
brought in question before a court of justice. And where is the
American citizen who does not deem this very sacred and time-
honored right an essential part of his citizenship? Certainly there
is not one to be found. But by the laws of this State, thai portion
of its citizens who are not white are debarred, even in the most
petty case, the right to sit as a juror in any of its legal tribunals.
So thai no colored citizen of the State of Illinois whose life, repu-
utation or property may be on trial in its courts, can have the
reasonable privilege or right to be confronted by a jury composed
either wholly or in part, of his equals, in the persons of his colored
fellow-citizens.
The right to sit in the jury box, in common with other citizens of
the State, we deem essential to our full citizenship. Necessary it
ii many instances, to insure us a, fair and impartial trial : and
yet more necessary do we regard its p.. a in order to vindic
our character againsl the unfair aspersion with which the withhold-
ails US.
Therefore, we call upon you to demand of our legislature to so
nd the statutes of the State, that the humblesi of its eitizens
may l>e assured of a lair ami impartial jury trial, by removing tin;
bar that now Bhuts oul from a seat upon the jury, <^rry honest and
intelligent citizen who is not a white man.
\\ a require these rights at pour hands, because we believe ■ ■■■
American citizen in each State to be entitled to equal rights bef
the law ; that the Constitution of the United States contemplates
as much, when it Bays : " The citizens <>] each State- shall he cnti-
11
tied to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several
States." That the " Civil Rights Bill," recently passed by more
than a two-thirds majority through both houses of Congress, is
designed to enforce this principle, and secure these " privileges and
immunities " to all alike. Therefore, we ask of you that they be
restored to as, by an expression of your consent, through the ballot-
box, since we should be no longer deprived of them.
There is yet one more question to which we wish to call your
attention, and that is the most. important of them all, as it is the only
safeguard to those we have already named, and all other rights of
the citizens. We refer to the elective franchise, or the right to vote.
"We wish to have a voice in the government which " derives its just
powers from the consent of the governed." By the Constitution of
the State of Illinois, the elective franchise is restricted to its
•• white male citizens " who are twenty-one years of age, and in
consequence of this, the colored citizens of the State are deprived
of the right to vote. This feature of the organic law of the State
is at war with the fundamental principles of this and all other truly
democratic governments. Foremost among these principles is the
one often repeated, but none the less forcible, since it is moved by
the power of eternal truth : that taxation and representation are
inseparable.
It is inconsistent with the Federal Constitution, which declares
that " the United States shall guarantee to every State in this
Union a republican form of government." And we protest to you
that that is not a republican government, that constitutes a govern-
ing class or caste of a -portion of its citizens, on account of the com-
plexion of their skin. An aristocracy of race or color is as repug-
nant to the principles of republicanism, as one of birtli or wealth
would be.
Again, the system of restricting suffrage to the whites only, gives
countenance to that wicked, pernicious, and false doctrine, that has
arisen since the days of "Washington and Jefferson, and which is at
present openly preached by some, and secretly cherished by more,
that " this is a white man's government." This injurious and
undemocratic sentiment is elevated to a degree of respectability,
and its advocates furnished with a pretext upon which to predicate
a sort of consistency, when they are backed up by the unjust political
discrimination of which we complain, and by which a whole race
are debarred from all participation in the government, upon mo
other ground than that they are not, and cannot be, " white male
citizens." "We have characterized this doctrine as false, because
the wise men who established this republic did not hold any such
doctrine ; and if they did entertain such sentiments at all, they
were wise enough, and careful enough, in the performance of the
grand and noble work that fell to their lot, to rise above their
prejudices, and, as if guided by an inspiration scarcely less than
12
divim re to their children, for generations yet unborn, a Declara-
tion ni' tndependence, and a Constitution for the United 31 tes,
without a trace of such a weakness, without the stain of such an
iniquity, that know no white man. no black man; but embrace in
their God-like fold •• all men," and are lor the "People."
In manyofthe States, fr tolored citizens voted for the adoption
of the I'V leral Constitution, at the same Fallot box, and in common
with their white fellow-citizens, which circumstance furnishes that
iment with a commentary at once truthful and reliable,
the sophistry of ambitious and unreliable politicians,
and the preconceived opinions of unjust judges; and soiling forth
in the clearest light, so that he that runs can read, the moaning of
thai ; and just expression, - We, the people of the United
States, in order to secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and
• ■Hi- posterity, lain and establish this Constitution." This is
then, by the intention of its founders, simply a white man's
' at, and those who labor to make it such, because they
are in the majority, pervert it from the high purpose for which it
was established, — to "secure the blessings of liberty " to all its
people; and all legislation, whether State or National, that gives
countenance to such a perversion, and encourages those who are
•ring to accomplish it, shows a recreancy to the trust imposed
upon their posterity by the fathers, and a departure from the faith
which they proclaimed, "That all men are created equal."
Therefore we hope that the Ci ation of our State will be
amended by striking out the word •• white." so that it will accord
with the Constitution of the United States, making no distinction
among its citizens on account of their complexion, but " promoting
the I welfare and securing the blessings of liberty" equally
to all.
_ T »ugh strong, is not the only ground upon which we pre-
dicate our title to the elective franchise. We have claims to the
right oi suffrage, which we wv<_:r upon your consideration ; and such
too as, il they were |, f, ■<, ■ i , | , ., 1 |lV ;mv other class of our fellow
citize,,-. would ensure to them that right, the dearest and most
red to the American citizen — to have a voice in the selection of
those who are to make ami execute the laws by which in is to be
erned.
We are native American citizens "to the manor horn." and have
er known allegiance to any other Hag than "The Star Spangled
1 '■■ which to-day waxes more proudly and gloriously than
when it was first thrown to the breeze of heaven. That Hag our
■ ith yours, made sacred by sprinkling its altar with their
•de us blood, during tl rdeal through which it pas
j" the that trie i men's souls," in the Revolutionary war.
That our lathers served their country in the war of Independence,
and ma > at Boldiers," remarkable for their braverv, as well
13
as "distinguished for their soldierly appearance," there are abun-
dant historical proofs found upon the records of all the Northern
md some of the Southern States during that period. In the secret
journal of the old Congress, Vol. 1, pp. 105-107, the following
record occurs : " On the 17th of March, 1779, it was recommended
by Congress, to the States of Georgia and South Carolina, to raise
3,000 colored troops, who were to be rewarded for their services by
their freedom. The delegations from those States informed Con-
gress that such a body of troops would be not only formidable to
ihe enemy, but would lessen the danger of ' revolts and desertions '
imong the slaves themselves."
When British temerity insulted the dignity of our flag in the
tvar of 1812, and defied its resistance to their encroachments, the
colored citizens of the Republic came forward at the call of their
country, to defend its flag against the invading foe. General
Jackson addressed them as " fellow citizens " with the whites, and
said, " as sons of freedom you are called upon to defend our most
nestimable blessing. As Americans, jour country looks with
confidence to her adopted children for a valorous support, as a
iaithful return for the advantages enjoyed under her mild and
equitable Government. As fathers, husbands, and brothers, you
ire summoned to rally round the standard of the eagle to defend all
;hat is dear in existence. Your country, although calling for your
exertions, does not wish you to engage in the cause without remu-
lerating you for the services rendered. Your intelligent minds are
wt to be led away by false representations. Your love of honor would
'■ause. you to despise the man iclw would attempt to deceive you. In the
sincerity of a soldier and the language of truth I address you.''
The Hon. Mr. Clarke in the Convention which revised the Con-
stitution of the State of New York in 1821, said in regard to the
■ight of suffrage for colored men, " In the war of the Revolution
,hese people helped to fight your battles by land and by sea.
" Some of your states were glad to turn out corps of colored men,
md to stand shoulder to shoulder with them. In your late war
1812) they contributed largely towards your most splendid vic-
,ories. On Lakes Erie and Champlain, where your fleets triumphed
)ver a foe superior in numbers and engines of death, they were
nanned in a large proportion with men of color !"
In the late rebellion, which has been so recently subdued, and
vhose smouldering embers are yet threatening with danger the
)eace and prosperity of the country, colored men, without excep-
;ion, either North or South, ranged themselves on the side of the
)ld flag ; and when called upon by our worthy Governor in this
State, we flocked to its standard and bore it in triumph in the face
)f its rebel foes to certain victory. We offered our lives to defend
t and redeem it from the sin of slavery and the curse of rebellion.
Jur blood was freely contributed to the red sea that deluged this
14
land, drawn from patriot veins by tlm instruments of death in the
hands of its enemies. Our sons and brothers suffered starvation
with yours in the Loathsome prisons of a barbarous foe. Our slain
sleep to-daj with yours on the battle-fields of the wicked rebellion,
having given their lives, their all, in defence of their country and
"And are we to be thus looked to for help in the 'hour of
danger,1 but trampled under foot in the hour of peace?1' Are we
to contribute' our blood and treasure to support and defend the
government when threatened with destruction, and yet to be denied
all participation in its management when the crisis is passed and
issue i- settled? If so, what shall we say of the justice and
magnanimity of the white Americans : that it is clean gone forever ?
V\ e belies tter things of them, and shall still hope on for im-
partial justice to be meted out to us. If a residence in this country
that antedates the organization of the government in its duration,
is long enough to entitle to vote, then it is ours by right. If a
loyalty, tried, unswerving and well attested at all times, commands
y-our admiration and gratitude, and entitles those who possess it to
a voice in the government, then we present the same, and why
should it be longer withheld from us? In short, there are no
claims thai can be presented, or arguments that can be urged in
behalf of other American citizens, to insure them a ricrlit to vote,
that we do not present, except the all-powerful one that we are
white men.
From the genius of our government, frrom the considerations of
consistency, from the sears of war and the proofs of loyalty, aye,
from cmr very birth-right as American citizens, we appeal to you
for impartial justice, for equal political and civil rights with our
fellow-cil izens- in t his State.
With our whole hearts we endorse the following noble sentiment
uttered by the Hon. Horace Maynard, of Tennessee, and which,
with much propriety, may be said to be •• the Word for the Hour:"
•■ Let our laws and institutions speak not of white men, not of black men,
not of in' a of mil/ race or complexion, but like the laws of God, the Ten
' 'ommandments, and the Lor$s Prayer, let them speak of People."
After the adoption of the reporl the Convention was addressed
length by 1*. B. Randolph, of Louisiana. Mr. J. II.
rquette introduced to the Convention Rev. Dr. Edward Beecher,
ffhora the bodj riefly and pertinently addressed.
On the motion of J. II. Barquette the Convention tendered a
unanimous vote of thanks to Rev. Dr. Beecher and Dr. Randolph,
for the remarks made by them before it.
The Chairman of the Committee on the state of the country. R,
\\ . Stokes, by direction of that body, made its report which was
15
On the motion of Eev. R. De Baptiste, the adoption of the
report was made the special order of business for this evening.
On motion the Convention adjourned, to meet at half-past
seven o'clock this evening.
EVENING SESSION.
The Convention was called to order at half-past seven o'clock.
Prayer was pronounced by Rev. T. Strother.
On the motion of E. R. Williams, the Committee on printing
were ordered to procure fifty- five copies of the Chicago " Tribune,"
and a like number of the Galesburg " Free Press," for the use of
members of the Convention.
The address reported from the Committee on the State of the
Country, the adoption of which had been made the special order,
was next considered.
The measure elicited considerable discussion.
On the motion of E. R. "Williams, the address was referred back
to the Committee reporting it, for condensation.
Mr. A. J. Gordon, on being called, addressed the Convention at
some length.
On motion the Convention adjourned to meet at half-past nine
o'clock on Thursday morning, October 18th.
Third Day, Thursday, Oct. 18th.
MORNING SESSION.
The Convention was called to order at half past nine o'clock by
the President. The opening prayer was made by Rev. Mr. Faulkner.
The following telegram from the Convention of Men of Color, in
session at Albany, New York, was received, and communicated to
the Convention :
" To President and Committee of Colored Convention:
" Over one hundred (100) delegates in convention greet you, and
pledge cooperation in your and our work.
" M. B. CASS, WM. RICH, ) r
J. W. LOGUEN, WM. HOWARD DAY. j" oom'
The despatch was most cordially received, and the Convention
created Messrs. Wm. Johnson, President of the Convention, R. C.
Waring, and L. B. White, a Committee to return a reply to it.
The proceedings of the afternoon session of Wednesday, October
17th, were read and approved.
The Committee on Credentials reported the names of Tilford
Richardson and Joseph Perkins as duly authorized delegates, and
they were thereupon admitted to seats in the Convention.
On motion, Mr. A. W. Jackson was admitted to a seat in the
Convention.
16
The Committee on replying to the Albany telegram reported the
Following, which waa approved, and ordered to be forwarded :
fo the Officers and Members of (he 2Ceiu York State Convention <<f
1 \ My n :
•• niinois, through fifty six (5G) delegates assembled, sends greet-
ing, and joins in the onward inarch to freedom and equality.
"WM. JOHNSON, )
L. B. WHITE, [■ Com."
R. C. WARING. )
On the motion of C. Barbour, the Convention suspended the rule
to adjourn at twelve o^elock m., and ordered a continuance of the
on iint il five o'clock p.m.
chairman of the Committee on Suffrage. Mr. E. R. Williams,
made a report from that body, which, on motion, was received :
REPORT OF COMMITTEE OX SUFFRAGE.
The time has come for action. He that would be free, himself must strike
the blow.
In times like these, when the public mind is being absorbed in deep thought
concerning the welfare of the country, which has just passed through one of the
most terrific struggles thai ever befell a civilized government, and our loyalty
to the government during that struggle was such that should entitle ug to all
the rights, privileges, and immunities in common with other American citizens ;
and it is right, and important as it is right, that colored people who live in the
old the 1'nit 3, should understand and know from the
how to appreciate the great value of liberty, and all it and
36 them to use every means in their power for the purpose of ed g the
0 the full height of our situation; and that we should never remain
cont Qtil we have obtained all the rights enjoyed by other men.
And for t ho purpose of obtaining these great priviliges, of which we are so
unjustly deprived, we, your Co'mna ttee would r< commend the following plan as
a basis of operation to pted by this Convention.
That there shall he a State Central Suffrage Committee, consisting of
thirteen members — one from onal district, and a general agent
at large, all to be < lected by this Convention.
2d. Ii 11 be the duty of the State Central Committee to adopt such mea-
v.ill enable them successfully to accomplish the great objects set forth
in t
3rd. Upon stion of the said Committee, they shall immediately proceed
tool ir action by electing the following pfficers : viz., President, Vice-
tary, and Treasurer.
4th. Che duties of the General ageni shall be, to canvass the form
rculate petitions and urge the people to action, and collect
- - he may be able from time to time, and pay the same to the
i Siate Central Committee, and to perform such other
duties as may be required in the accomplishment ofthe greal objects for which
the;. appointed ; .and for such services rendered, he shall be paid, from
of dollars, and traveling expenses,
It shall also be the duty of the State Central Commi nil all vacancies
cur during the time for which they are >ver, the
d Committee and General Agent shall be elected by annual
17
State Conventions, held on or about the twenty-second day of September of
each year, at such places as the Convention may hereafter determine, the said
Conventions to be composed of delegates from the various Suffrage Leagues
of the State.
E. R. WILLIAMS, C. RICHARDSON, J. D. DAVIS,
J. B. DAWSON, E. A. GREEN, R. W. STOKES,
R. DeBAPTIST, GEO. T. FOUNTAIN, T. STROTHER.
On the motion to adopt, Mr. L. B.White moved that the last clause
of the report be so amended as not to make it obligatory to summon
a Convention annually, but to leave the calling of such an assembly
discretionary with the Central Committee. The amendment pre
vailed, and on the motion to adopt the report as amended, the House
recorded an affirmative vote.
A communication of a suggestive nature, by a friend to rightful
human progress, was received from Muscatine, Iowa, and laid on
the table for future action. Its animus was competent to have
secured for it a careful canvass by the Convention ; but the accu-
mulated unfinished business of the body, in view of the impending
final adjournment, precluded the consideration of the propositions
presented in it.
On the prevailing motion of L. B. White, that the Chair appoint
a committee of nine, to nominate candidates for the State Central
Committee, the following gentlemen were assigned to that duty by
the President: Win. Baker, C. C. Richardson, Rev. Bryant Smith,
M. Richardson, G-. Brent, W. Coleman, E. A. Green, Philander
Outland, O. T. Fountain.
On motion, the Committee were requested to report at two
o'clock p.m.
The Convention voted a recess of thirty minutes.
On the re-assembling of the house, the Committee on the Moral
Status of the colored people of the State, made, through their chair-
man, Rev. J. B. Dawson, the annexed report, which was adopted :
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON MORAL STATUS.
Tour Committee on the Moral Status of the colored people of this State res-
pectfully report as follows :
We are fully persuaded that the morals of a people are very closely connected
with their permanent prosperity, and are impressed with the fact, that those
who disregard the laws of this part of our complex nature can never hope to be
either great or prosperous ; and it is with pleasure that we present the following
of statistics, as an indication of the moral status of the colored people in the State
Illinois. There are, among the colored people of this State, forty churches, whose
church property is valued at one hundred thousand dollars. The number of
members in these churches is about five thousand. Ministers of the gospel,
ordained and licensed, about eighty. Sabbath schools, about forty ; Sabbath
school scholars, three thousand. All of which we respectfully submit,
J. B. DAWSON, R. DeBAPTISTE, )
J. W. FALKNER, A. PLEASANTS, [Committee.
J. McSMITH, J. W. SMITH. )
18
On the motion of Joseph Stanley, that a committee of five he
appointed to revise and publish the proceedings of the Convention,
the following gentlemen were created such committee: Joseph
. L. B. White, R. C. Waring, Win. Johnson, E.R.Williams.
On the motion of George P. Morris, it was ordered that the
printing be done in Chicago.
I Mi the motion of C. S. Jacobs, it was ordered that the proceed-
- of the Convention be published in pamphlet form, to the num-
ber of from five hundred (500) to one thousand copies (1,000) copies,
at the discretion of the Publishing Committee.
On the motion of George L. Thomas, the members of the Con-
vention were assessed one dollar each, to constitute a fund for the
it of the expenses of the bodj.
V I XANCIAL ST A TEMENT.
The Committee on Ways and Means reported as follows :
Dr.
October 16. To Cash collection $4 46
IT. " " 3 71
11 18. " from assessment of delegates at one dollar each 56 00
Total cash receipts $64 17
Cr.
October 18. By Cash paid for printing $3 50
11 18. " " 52 copies of "Free Tress" 2 60
« 18. " " Rent .>!' hall 20 00
" L8. '« " Stationery, to S. D. "Wilh>ms 0 90
is. " " Posting billa 0 50
November 14. " " Paper for revising Min. (by R. C. "Waring) 0 50
$28 00
dance 36 17
The chairman of the Committee on the nomination of candidates
for State Central Committee reported the names of the following
lemen : William Johnson. Joseph Stanley. L. B. White, Chi-
o; George T. Fountain, Quincy ; 11. Hicklin, Springfield; C.
('. Richardson, Alton; S. D. Williams, Galesburg ; E. A. Green,
Champaign City : C S. Jacobs. Decatur; liev. I>. Smith, Shawnee-
town ; A. Bill, Joliet ; G. P. Morris, Monmouth; G. Ellis, Cairo.
On the motion to create these gentlemen the State Central Com-
mittee, the ( invention recorded an affirmative vote.
The chairman oi the Committee on Resolutions reported the
following resolution of Mr. It. W. Stokes, which, on motion, was
adopted :
/.'■ ■■>, That in view of the groat interests involved in the pending political
hi our country, and tho desirableness of our being united upon a course
of action tor the Becuremenl ol all our rights as American citizens, the
ral Cotnmittei created by this Honse be, and they are hereby instructed
19
to corrospond with all other colored State Central Committees, as to the pro-
priety of, time, and place for holding a Congress of colored men, representing
all parts of the country.
On the motion of J. Stanley, " That this Convention tender a
vote of thanks to the citizens of Galesburg for the courtesy exhibited
to its members while in their beautiful city, than which we know of
no place where there has been so little prejudice shown to colored
men — this glorious city of colleges and churches," the house gave
a unanimous affirmative vote.
The chairman of the Committee on the State of the Country,
R. "W". Stokes, under the direction of that body, reported back, in
its original form, the Address to the People of the United States,
which, by an order of the Convention, had been recommitted for
abridgment. Briefly recapitulating the scope and purpose of the
Address, the previous question was called by him, and under its
operation the Address was adopted.
Upon its original presentment to the house, the chairman of the
Committee said :
Mb. President, and Gentlemen of the Convention, — To stand
in the collective presence of a thousand intelligences, and utter
" right words " before them, is a work which only the learned and
experienced can reasonably hope successfully to achieve. To
address the entire sovereignty of a State of the American Union,
is a task of still profounder difficulty of performance. But when
we address a great nation of thirty millions of people, we have the
whole earth for our auditorium, and civilized humanity every where
for our eventual hearers. At the threshold of such an audience-cham-
ber, the wisest may well pause, ere entering upon the view of tens of
thousands of intelligences, all direct emanations from the grand
over-soul Himself. In obedience to the law of circumstances, how-
ever, there sometimes devolve upon men duties — solemn duties —
the performance of which it were unmanly to even seek to evade.
Pursuant, therefore, to the decision of the Committe on the State
of the Country, of which I have the honor to be a member, I beg
leave to submit the Address, which they have instructed me to
report :
ADDEESS
ILLINOIS CONVENTION OF COLORED MEN TO THE
AMERICAN PEOPLE.
Fellow Citizens of the United States, lend us your ears.
" We hold these truths to be self-evident : that all men are created
equal, and are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable
rights among which are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,
and that governments derive their just powers from the consent of
the governed."
20
Such were the principles enunciated by the patriot fathers of
American nationality, and under their inspiration they waged the
war of independence against the domination of the mother country,
which culminated in the formation of the great political community
named the United States of Xorth America. The intelligence of
mankind will bear us witness, upon a review of the national history,
that had these fundamental principles — emanations, as they are,
from the eternal verities — bee11 Permitted to imbue the life and con-
trol the action of the people government of the nation, it would have
been spared the inestimable loss of the precious lives of half a
million of men, and the taxing the industry of the country to the
extent of three thousand millions of money.
To-day we face a prospect, to properly appreciate which recourse
may suitably 1"' had to retrospection.
The animus residing in, and the complications arising out of, the
existing atrocious rebellion ("existing " because, though as a physical
entity it has been conquered by cannon, its spirit, intensified in
venom by defeat, permeates the quarter once dominated by it; and
is seeking, through ten thousand agencies, political, moral, and
physical, to regain in the forum what it lost in the field) — a rebel-
lion for magnitude of extent and wickedness of incentive without
historic parallel — have eventuated in the advancement of human
liberty on this continent. »
Candor, pur et simple, compels the admission, that this conclusion
is due as much, or more, to the obstinacy of the rebellious power —
an obstinacy born of infatuation — than to the existence in the
Northern people ami government of a disposition to discern and
accept the fitness of things as seen in the light of the justice of God.
Born of resistance to tyranny, and taking her place as one of the
family of nations upon the great democratic idea of the natural
equality of rights of all men, America has, since the commencement
of her national life, been vainlv endeavoring to render homogeneous
two actively opposing and wholly irreconcilable principles — right
and wrong; freedom and Blavery I This compromise with wrong
seems to have been made by the fathers of American liberty, to
whom it was a confessed anomaly in their system of government, in
the belief that the wrong principle thus admitted to a co-partner-
ship witn the right would soon be eliminated by it. But the pro-
- "]' event- demonstrated the impolicy of nations or men doing
"<>d may come, for the wrong principle became a collossal
nt of political power in the general State, and the ever fruitful
V.-iti mal dissensions in the nation. Essentially aggressive,
the slave power has been unceasing and persistent in its opposition
to liberty — subsidizing to ]\< interests the pulpit and the press of
almost the entire country. Submission to one of its behests,
became the parent of a numerous progeny of demands, each ambi-
tious, rapacious, inexorable I [ts sanctuaries were the dwelling
21
places of its victims — its altars their hearth-stones, and its sacri-
fices their life's blood, wrung out by refinements of cruelty, and
with inexpressible torture.
In the midst of its empire it set up its idol Moloch,_and made
reverence for it the price of admission to the blood-stained privi-
leges of its realm. The lash was its stern ukase — the manacle the
sacred symbol of its power, while incest and adultery were at
once among its means of commerce and the hand-maidens of its
pleasures. The deity of its worship was the demon of injustice
and oppression, while it exultingly trampled beneath its sacriligious
feet the mandates of the God of the universe ! Clothed in purple
and fine linen, with its haughty brow decked with a diadem dipped
in blood, it held forth its golden sceptre, promising the rewards of
its empire to those that should become worshipers at its shrine.
The psaltery, the harp, the sackbut, and the dulcimer of its pro-
gramme, were the passions of lust, cupidity, prejudice and ambition ;
and upon these it played skillfully, drawing myriads to the worship
of its unhallowed rites, until, all over the land, from rostrum and
pulpit — from the gilded halls of mirth — from the 'place of prayer,
and from the couch of the dying, the smoke of its offerings ascended !
Boasting itself to be the embodiment of a civilization ordained of
God, it assiduously labored to dim the lustre of God's " true light,"
to chain the human intellect to its chariot wheels, " and shut the
gates of mercy on mankind !"
However great the accessions to its power, such was the rapacity
of its lust of dominion, that, like the insatiate daughters of the
horse-leech, " Give, Give," was its ever-resounding refrain.
When it had instilled its virus into the heart, and placed its
incubus upon the brain of almost the entire nation, grown more and
still more arrogant by success, it committed a cardinal error against
its own being, in that it forsook the forum and assumed the sword !
The forum had been the scene of its profoundest triumphs. There,
it had been wont to receive the adulations of its worshipers, and
the abject submission of its opponents. There, for decades of
liberty-throttling years, its northern foremen — with a few_ thrice
honorable exceptions — had been used, as a fitting finale to their con-
tests with the blood-loving and tear-bathed Moloch, to fall down
in its presence with their hands upon their mouths, and their faces
in the dust, and to cry before it, " Unequal and unclean I"
But not content with the " great concessions " made, times almost
innumerable, to its rapacity, or freely proffered to its acceptance as
a subsidy for its unhallowed support, and fearing that the ancient
spirit of liberty inherent in the organic law of the land, and still
extant in the great heart of the nation, might survive the ponderous
compress under which it had placed her, and shine in her own un-
bowed splendor, to bless this continent and mankind ; and desiring
to secure and to perpetuate its' own unimpeachable supremacy in
22
the nation, it threw a = i<le and trampled upon its senatorial robes —
limed the helmet of battle — drew the sword of rebellion — cried
•• ha\ oc," and •• let slip the dogs of war !"
For four-score years, the American people had gone forward in a
career of industrial prosperity relatively unparalleled among the
nations of the earth. The wings of their commerce swept every
known sea accessible to civilized traflic, and beside the ensigns of
all the maritime nations of the earth, the American flag floated, the
respected and honored emblem of a nation's greatness. Out on the
sounding sea, it had waved from the peak amid the thunder of battle,
and when the smoke of the contest lifted, " the flag was still there,''''
the earnest of many hard-gained victories. On the dry land, amid
charging squadrons and the deep:mouthed bay of cannon, it had
been borne into the fray on many a battle-field; and although war-
torn by the enfilading tire of the foe, and stained with the blood of
heroes, victory had again and over been domiciled within the temple
of her pleasun — upon its crest .
Into the lap of America, the earth, the sea and the heavens
pound their selectest treasures, to build her up and make her of
the greatest among the cations. But while she was thus prospered,
inguished, and honored, there was rioting in the innermost
recesses of the national life, the canker-worm of a great national sin!
[gnoring God, in her conducl as a nation, she had gone forward in
the greatness of her strength, laying iniquity to sin, in her oppres-
sion of the poor of the land, and beyond her borders, until the national
transgression was piled a monstrous mountain of abominations,
towering to the skies I
For 3cores of years, within her boundaries, the cry of the soul-
anguish of the oppressed — mothers bereaved of their children — hus-
bands separated from their wives — sons and daughters put to the
torture before the sorrowing eyes of their helpless parents — the
marriage tie desecrated — the family relation, with all its tender
>ciations, its hallowed influences, ignored — woman robbed of her
virtu< — the human intellect persistently darkened — the honor of
manhood, the dignity of womanhood, insulted and outraged in a
thousand ways — the ground opening her mouth to receive the gush-
ing blood from the lacerated, quivering flesh of the innocent — the
nized death-cry of the immolated victims of the great tyranny,
wailing upward to the throi f the universe, from out the Bmoke
and ashes of their funeral pyr< — the embodiment of all these horrors,
and t.-n thousand more, had I n ascending to God. until the ear of
mercy was pained, and tl glittering sword" of justice Leaping
from its -■ abbard, hung suspended over the favored land ! Impartial
history will record the poetic justice ol the retribution meted out to
the foul power that, sought, in the spirit of its own philosophy, to
perpetuate :istence and extend its authority, by rebelling
inst the pillar that sustained its throne I Blinded by a mistaken
23
belief in its own invincibility, it ruthlessly unchained the thunder-
bolt that was destined to destroy it. It spoke, through the mouths
of its cannon, directed against Fort Sumter, its bold defiance to the
authority of the nation. Not more brave were the defenders of the
celebrated pass of Thermopylae, than were those courageous few to
whom first, in the ushering in of the great American conflict, came
the fiery baptism of battle — the garrison of that beleaguered fortress.
Succumbing, at length, to the unequal force of seven thousand
against seventy men, they yet, in evacuating their stronghold, re-
tained possession of the flag they had so heroically defended — it,
glorious, though trailed in the dust — they, invincible even in defeat!
At a later day that flag waved again over Sumter ! Roused by the
rattling thunders of artillery, the nation sprang to arms with an
earnest avidity, for which history supplies no parallel, presenting
to mankind a spectacle of sublime grandeur — the uprising of a great
people !
Prom the mountain and the vale — from the hill-top aud the plain
— from the anvil and the axe — from the shuttle and the ship — from
the cloister and the desk — from the bench and from the bar — from
the hamlet and the town — from all life's varied callings, they came,
with an almost continuous " tramp, tramp, tramp," at the call of
the Executive, to the defence of the Government, ordained by the
labors, and consecrated with the blood, the sacred blood of their
fathers ; and heralding before their advancing standards the sup-
porting response, —
""We are coming Father Abraham,
Three hundred thousand more!"
Nor did the Sons of America alone respond to the call of their
country. Woman, the central point of generous impulse and
enduring love, added new leaves of laurel to her glorious bays,
during a nation's baptism in a nation's blood !
What praise can be beyond the merit of America's loyal women in
the hour of America's supremest need ! Upon their brows shall
history bind true fame's unfading chaplet, and honored shall their
memories be by coming generations !
1 ' They also serve who only ivait and hope. ' '
The widowed mother with an only son — the hope, the confidence
of her declining days — laid that dear son upon the altar of her
country and smiled to know she had a son to give.
The devoted sister gave her cherished brother, and dwelt alone
in sadness, but in hope.
The fondly clinging wife, gave him, around whom her heart
strings closelv twined, and shedding o'er the pledges of her love for
him, the pearly symbols of the anguish of her soul, yet strong in
love of country, liberty and duty, she gently bid him go.
The tender, girl, with all a maiden's mantling blush upon her,,
yet in true heroism strong, with a parting kiss that left its impress
24
on her lover'a lips forever, gave him, her heart's most cherished idol,
died herself to happiness and hope that liberty might live.
These all deserve well of their country, for freely have they laid
upon that country's altar their choicest offerings, and schooled
themselves to "suffer and be strong."
I' will be within your recollection, fellow countrymen, that such
were among the agencies called into vigorous action by the commis-
sion of the overt act of treason to the Hag. But, neither Govern-
ment nor people seemed to comprehend the plainly written lesson
hour. By acts too historic to be questioned, they demon-
strated their willingness to make, for the salvation of the country,
y sacrifice, save one, — and that the indispensable condition of
w — the sacrifice of wrong upon the altar of right.
I li Miing .-imply to restore the original .status of the States, they
were unwilling to lay the axe at the foot of the tree of the national
. to strike home upon the arrogant monster who had, with-
. Inaugurated war upon the ancient regime, that it
overthrow the Government of the people, and build upon its
3 an oligarchy, the chief corner stone of which should be human
slavery, while lust, cupidity and prejudice — a most unhallowed trium-
virat( — should form the fitting key stone to the principal arch of
infernal structure. But when the lengthened contest assumed
proportions almost infinitely more vast than had been conceived
probable, or even possible, on the part of either contestant, when
dark shadow east bv the wine of the angel of death had rested
upon half the households in the land, the Government and people,
zing, through the implacable logic of events, that, in seeking
untly to crush the slaveholders' rebellion, and rivet the shaekles
still more firmly on the enslaved portion of the American people,
they were simply assisting in the creation of a vortex in which
ir own liberties would assuredly be engulphed, measurably gave
up their idle purpose, and sought to assume a policy based upon
:i sense, and supported by common justice.
As the initial, and yet cardinal, act of thai policy, the President
oi the United States, Abraham Lincoln, of happy memory, pro-
ued to a large proportion of the chattel bondmen of America,
Be Free! Nor was thai clarion note of the Executive an edict of
' "ii to these alone. It was the herald of freedom to all
immunities and men who were subordinate to the require-
ments of the so-called " peculiar institution."
It was the master key to unpadlock the lips of " the American
Tract Society," — lips (dosed in the fear of man, from uttering hold
onciations in the fear of God, against, the prime iniquity of the
nal ion.
I- was the lever, designed and calculated to heave from its base,
the cause thai made an acre of laud in North Carolina of less pecu-
niary value than the sami rficial extent of soil in Pennsylvania.
25
It was a measure calculated to restore to labor the acknowledg-
ment of its true dignity, by the dethronement of a power that had
placed its " mudsill " brand of degradation upon it, while itself
rioted in a stolen opulence that gave to it a fictitious respectability.
It was within the competency of its scope to increase the defen-
sive power of the Eepublic by eliminating its principal element of
weakness, — to uplift the literature, enlarge the culture, and improve
the morals of the entire country. Not only did it bid the enslaved
be free, but it solemnly pledged the faith of the Government, and
thereby the honor of the nation, to "maintain the freedom of such
persons."
Shall the sacred honor of the nation, plighted amid the rattle of
musketry, the clash of sabres, the loud-mouthed bay of cannon,
" the thunder of the captains, and the shouting," " and garments
rolled in blood," be " maintained " under the peace which the war
has purchased, in its letter and in its spirit?
Fellow citizens, for your answer to the solemn interrogatory here
propounded, universal humanity pauses !
The Baltimore Platform, upon which the second election of Mr.
Lincoln to the Presidency occurred, not only re-affirmed the abolish-
ment of slavery within the United States, but boldly pronounced
for its " extirpation" from the soil of the country.
Following the issuance of the great proclamation — the funda-
mental act in the redemption of the country from the crimson record
of the past America — came the enlistment of colored men as soldiers
of Republic. Through the diabolism, pure and simple, of American
prejudice, they had been deemed not only unfit to be defended by
the flag (purchased as well with the blood of their forefathers as
that of other men), but also unworthy to bare their bosoms to the
iron-hail of the opposing power, in that flag's defence, and die for
it and liberty, as died vainly many of their forefathers on revolution-
ary and other battle-fields.
But there came an hour in which the voice of the government, in
accents invitatory, went forth to them, saying: " Your country's in
danger, and calls for you now." And nobly did they respond. Two
hundred thousand of them went forth, and stood in armed defence
of the cradles, the hearthstones, and the hearts of the people of the
United States. They did this that the Republic might not perish,
and that liberty might live. Impartial and inevitable history will
lend a haloed leaf to the record of the great fact that, mightiest
among the mighty changes wrought by the great conflict of princi-
ples, producing the clash of gigantic armies in America, a people
" robbed and peeled " arose from the dust, and on fields of blood and
carnage, already as imperishable as Thermopylae, and Marengo, and
Austerlitz, and Flodden Field, and Pharsalia, and Yorktown, sus-
tained, amid the collision of arms, their long derided assertion of
their God-given manhood. Many of these brave soldiers of the
26
Republic — falling with their feet to the foe, battling beneath the
banner of their country — Bleep now their last sleep on the gory
plains of war, with no stone raised to mark their crimson sepulchre ;
yet shall the muse of history, weeping above their sacred manes,
write them down with honor on her tablets, as among the patriot
heroes of Olustee, Port Wagner, Milliken's Bend, Port Hudson,
ami many other well fought fields of strife.
Millions of this class of citizens have domicil amid communities
whose infidel power they so largely assisted to overthrow. If, being
so placed, they be left by the military power of the government,
without the protecting shield of equality of rights lefore the bur, what
must become their status? Shall serfdom or peonage succeed to the
chattel slavery, out of which, at the fiat of "military necessity,"
they have been lifted by the national arm? Shall they, from being
slaves of individuals, : the slaves of communities — the pariahs
of society? To "maintain" their "actual freedom" intact, the
faith of the nation stands solemnly pledged.
Sigismund violated his safe conduct — the word of an emperor —
and blushing scarlet in the assembly of notables, blushes still in his-
tory, and must blush through all coming time ! Shall the fullness
of blushing become the historic mantle of America, because of her
dereliction of duty to any class of her citizens, that in the hour of
the common danger, stood forth in the common defence?
The proclamation which proved itself to be no mere brutem fulrnen,
as was affirmed of it, did not make free all the chattel slaves within
the United States, but the adoption of an important amendment to
the organic law of the land did. For, under the plastic hand of cir-
cumstances it had become the ratumaleof American liberty, that the
perpetuity of her reign required that her safeguards should be
enshrined in the constitution itself. Because the war, through the
ncy of two hundred pounder Parrott guns, armored ships and
spherical shot, had been productive of an iron-clad logic, previously
unknown to American executive power, Ameriean legislation, or
A merican jurisprudence.
It is a part of the usual course of legislation, in the promulgation
of a law regarding matters already legislated upon, to make the
latest enactment the repealer of all laws and parts of laws incon-
sistent with itself. The logic of this rule n Is no exemplification
— it bears its own comment. When the abolishment of American
ery transpired, all laws, ordinances or enactments thai had
1 ii made in its interests and for its support, fell with the legally
defunct tyranny and became extinct — " null and void, and of none
effect." Whatever enactment, therefore, lias since been formed,
and for its Bustainment, has been bo formed in contraven-
tion of the Bupremc law of the land — is contumacious and nullifying
in its essence, and is of no force or riirhtful authoritv with anv crea-
ture whatever.
27
But an unenfranchised class, dwelling where public sentiment
sanctions such enactments, can, and doubtless will be, as they unques-
tionably are, made the victims of local legislation, in ways and under
circumstances not at all likely to be remedied by the power of the
Constitution, imperfectly or insincerely administered. The enfran-
chisement of this class eliminates this never-sufficiently-to-be-depre-
cated condition of things, by rendering catholic the benign operation
of the organic law of liberty, where every man is made at once its
subject and an interested sustainer of it.
State action might, at least partially, accomplish this. But will
even that, by all the States, be done? A learned, reverend and
venerable American loyalist, at the collapse of the rebellion, declared,
that if the enfranchisement of the freedmen should be left to the
determination of the States whose slave-power over them had been
broken by the war, it would never be effected. Do not all the indi-
cations at present observable sustain that view?
The nature of " the government under which we live " is three-
fold— executive, legislative, and judicial — each co-ordinate branch
of it having its own legitimate sphere of action assigned to it by the
fundamental law creating them all.
To take care that the laws are faithfully executed is the highest
constitutional duty of the chief magistrate ; to decree laws for the
government and protection of the American people, is the proper,
legitimate office of the Congress of the United States, and of no
other power whatever ; while the supreme judicial tribunal exhausts
its functions when it has decided upon the constitutionality, or the
converse, of any law so made.
The Constitution has made it the duty of the United States to
"guarantee" to each State a republican form of government. No
government, whether State or national, is republican in form or in
spirit, in which any portion of its citizens — except for crime or
nonage — are denied the exercise of the rights common to the
remainder. The subject of suffrage has hitherto been controlled by
the several States respectively, and many of them, in controlling it,
have excluded from the exercise of the ballot an entire class of Amer-
ican citizens, or have admitted them only upon property, or other
physical qualifications, unknown to the Constitution — the supreme
law of the land. The power that created this " policy," and sus-
tained its existence, having failed to maintain its own corporeal
being on an appeal to the sword, every adumbration of an excuse
for its continuance has passed away.
Over the whole subject, we regard the power of Congress as ample ;
else is the Constitution a nullity, and the Union under it " a rope
of sand." But such a conclusion as is involved in the terminus of
this proposition is not in any sense tenable, in view of the sea of
precious blood, and the billions of treasure so lavishly and so success-
fully expended by the American people for the preservation and
28
perpetuity of both. It is, then, within the competency of the Con-
stitution-given authority of the Congress of the United States, to
" guarantee " to every American citizen the unobstructed exercise
of his inherent right " to take part in determining the laws, the
magistracies, and the public policies under which he and his children
are to live." Principles are deathless entities. " You can not
hush up a principle !" Since the formation of the government, that
attempt has been made continuously ; but principle has lifted her
voice in the pulpit, on the hustings, upon the rostrum, at the couch
of the dying, and at length in the thunder-clansr. of battle, while she
has written her immortal presence all over the land in characters
of blood.
An able pen has written, " No question is ever settled that is not
settled right." " Of the questions that came up for settlement by
our fathers, those in which they touched principle were settled for-
ever, and they never gibber or flit ; but those questions where, in-
stead of touching principle, they only touched the quicksand of
expediency, have been all our lives tormenting us. And if there
was ever a people that ought to have learned that to touch the
ground of principle is safe, and that to come short of that is unsafe,
we are that people. So let us not commit another mistake."
"Will you. then, seek to re-erect the national structure upon u the
quicksand of expediency," when principle lies at your feet, not
requiring to be quarried, but full of the fair proportions that follow
the application of the line, the level, and the square, and ready to
be used for the purpose of building for you and for your posterity
" a sure house ?
Loyal men, representing ''the South," from the Missouri to the
Rio Grande, are giving evidence before the American people of the
temper and tendency of the dominant class of the inhabitants of the
insurgent section of the land. They tell you that, whoever,
during the nation's bloody baptism, stood forth in defence of, or
remained firm in allegiance to the old flag — the assaulted flag of your
fathers — is proscribed and rendered unsafe in person and property
by the friends and supporters of the unslain spirit of the rebellion
— the spirit that invoked the war — thai engineered its forces against
liberty — that starved, and slew in cold blood, the imprisoned defenders
of the Republic — that, as its crowning act of deepest infamy, assets-
sin, iii. i our beloved martyr President— and that now, though disem-
bodied, lives, vigorously lives, and is couchant only where restrained
by the military arm of the nation, and rampant wherever that arm
is not. They stood by you in the dark and perilous hours of the
nation'- life ; they know the deep diabolism of the power they con-
front ; they know the sure and effectual remedy for the ills they
ire; they knowyour righl and your power to apply that remedy,
and tl ey come to you ami ask, as the deliberate conviction of their
judgment, thai you give to them an efficient ally, by enfranchising
the colored loyalists of the South.
29
They tell you, in words that burn, that the suffering loyal people
at the South need this support as indispensable to their safety in
person and property, and to enable them to stand up like men, and
effectually declare, in the face of the actively malicious power of
secession and treason, that American constitutional liberty, and the
Union of these States, are and shall he u one and inseparable, now and
forever' ! "
"Will you stretch forth the mailed hand of the nation to save
them, or shall your friends — the friends of the Union and liberty —
be permitted to perish ?
" A war of races," (so mis-called, we think, because, believing
that there is but one race of mankind, the human race, divided as it
is into multiplied families of the earth, but u made of one blood")
such a war has been spoken of in high quarters, with no deterring
sentence of condemnation upon it. With the spirit of the rebellion
still stalking abroad in the land, such utterances might well be
expected to bear fruit. Are not the sanguinary occurrences at
Memphis and New Orleans their legitimate outgrowth?
Whatever their origin and purpose, the verity remains that
neither executive favor, nor judicial decisions, nor " honied lies " of
legislation
" Can blazon evil deeds, or consecrate a crime!"
The universe possesses no power that can elevate error into the
dignity of right.
" I am a Roman citizen," had once to him who bore the title, a
potency of protection in it, greater than that afforded by fleets and
armies. Standing beneath the folds of the proud banner of his
country, the American citizen should find in it immunity from
wrong and violence. But, neither in the memorable occurrence on
the banks of the Ogeechee, transpiring in the rear of the magnificent
army that, under the leadership of its great captain, through the
heart of an enemy's country, victoriously " marched down to the
sea," nor yet in the more recent crimson baptisms, accorded to two
of the cities of the South, did the flag avail to save the blood of
loyal men.
For the shedding of that blood a fearful responsibility somewhere
vests. Will the nation assume it? These acts are constituent parts
of a crime so despicable in its moral turpitude, so appalling in the
pure diabolism of its character, that history can have for it no palli-
ation, and mankind no pardon.
Although the idol to which a great nation bowed low to do
reverence, performed well its work of corrupting the public con-
science, during its supremacy, we do not regard a war with the
indicated purpose and result as impending. We worship an icono-
clastic God!
All adown the pathway of the centuries is the cumulative evi-
dence discoverable, that no people, bowing down before the cross,
have ever, by another so worshipping people, been exterminated.
30
The aboriginal man of America, once the undisputed possessor of
this continent, preceding, by coercion, the "star of empire" on its
westward way, stands now upon the Pacific slope, his footsole
almost laved by the waters of that great sea.
Acknowledging the God of the universe, beside the council fire
in the wilderness, and on the war path red with the blood of the
slain, — in the star that shimmerd its light upon his meandering riv-
ulets, and in the storm-cloud charged with the thunderbolt, the
God of revelation was to him as to the ancient worshippers on
Areopagus, " The Unknown God." Scorning to adopt tin- civili-
zation that grew up and became dominant around him, he did not
" hiss the Son." His shrine was the shrine of the universe, but at
the altar of revelation, he bent not the suppliant knee. And now
the light of his camp fires is paling before the advancing beacons
of civilization, and ere a few decades of years shall have grown
hoary, tin- last of the primeval children of America will have sunk
to rest beneath the clods of the soil, that once owned the sway of
his ancestors, or within the bosom of the deep and calm Pacific,
with all its wide expanse to form his mighty mausoleum.
But though the track of his moccasin cease from the continent —
though his war-path be replaced by the railway — though on the site
of his wigwam shall arise the mansion palatial, and though he
" perish from the way," yet shall the memory of America's child of
the forest, long linger in the land that was his,
"For his name is on your waters,
And ye can not wash it out!'1
But, as Simon the Cyrenian bore the burden of the Great Prophet,
when he was weak and had thrice fallen, up to the very apex of the
hill of atonement, laying down his encumbrance only where the stan-
dard of redemption was set up, so has the Africo- American, during
all the two centuries of his thraldom on this continent, borne the
weighl of the " throne of iniquity," and found his only refuge at
the fool of the cross of the crucified! Surely, fellow-citizens, not
even they that "sat down by the waters of Babylon," and wept when
they remembered Zion, had the poisoned chalice so preferred to their
lips, whose, bitter contents, we, for two hundred years, have quaffed.
And yet, we number five million souls! We worship an icono-
castic < rod— we, as a people, boio down before the Cross!
During the war, a purpose briefly existed, of virtually ostracising
an entire class of Americans'] •■ native and to the manor born," as a
means of placating the unappeasable spirit, that at the moment was
endeavoring, with tire and sword, to fulfill its long-cherished purpose
to "rend the Union, from turret to foundation," that upon the
debris of the government framed by Washington and the fathers,
and consecrated with the blood, and tears, and prayers of the Ameri-
can people of "tin- times that tried men's souls," a government
should sted, having for its chief corner stone, a political class
31
distinction, subversive of the rights of, and degrading to universal
humanity. The policy of their deportation finds now but few de-
fenders, and no philosophic demonstrator. Its reenactment would
be, not the, perhaps, excusable farce of a first attempt, but a stu-
pendous, inextenuable, tragic crime! " Indissolubly connected with
the great, body of the American people, we possess with it a com-
mon destiny. Our record in the past, we think, warrants the belief,
that, with it, we will be found willing to do, to dare, to suffer, and
if need be, to die, in defense of American constitutional liberty, for
the entire American people." "We are fully aware that the devotion
to the flag, every where observable among us, is scarcely explicable
to foreign peoples, and far too little understood by the majority of
our own countrymen. An excerpt of a letter, written immediately
after the receipt of the earliest intelligence of the battle of Shiloh
Church, by a young man from among us, may serve to make that
plain, and place us rightly upon record as having a reason for the
faith that is in us :
'• An American by birth, by residence, and in feeling, I love my
country, and I love her flag.
" ' Lives there the man with soul so dead
That never to himself has said,
This is my own — my native land?'
" In every foreign port where I have seen it, and on the bosom
of the wide, wide sea, I have greeted it with a feeling of affection
that I may not undertake to describe. I knew — with unutterable
pain I knew — that its bright stars and broad stripes had covered
and protected the horrors of the 'middle passage I' I knew that
while it flaunted in proud beauty from the dome of the capitol at
Washington, the seat of the government of my country, ' the model
republic,' all around it, and protected by it, were the shambles of
the traffickers in human blood, and tears, and sighs, and groans ! In
blood that would have sufficed in quantity to have changed to crim-
son all the raiment of all the chief executives of my country's gov-
ernment, since its formation. In tears sufficient in multitude to
have filled to overflowing the brazen sea of the first temple. In
sighs that for decades of years had pained the eart of mercy. In
groans that for generations had been ascending as one great, em-
bodied prayer of misery, to heaven, and with the earnestness of
desperation, laying hold on the thrones of the Trinity ! All this,
and more, I knew, and knowing, loved that flag ! I loved it because
it was the symbol and the outgrowth of the great democratic idea
of the natural equality of man. I loved it because beneath its aegis
there was an evident vestige of the primitive rights of man. I loved
it because, upon the waters of every sea, it held an independent
osition beside the ensigns of all the maritime nations of the earth,
loved it because it was the symbol of my country's greatness. I
loved it for contests waged and victories won beneath its ample
folds. I loved it because, while I knew that bitter things were
1'
32
■written against it on earth and in heaven, I yet hoped for the day
of its perfect purification from them all ; for the day when, in the
strength and glory of its new birth, it should say to cupidity — to
lust — to avarice — to prejudice — ' What have I to do any more with
idols?' I loved it, while I believed that for it to reach the high
goal of the hopes of mankind, it must pass through an ordeal of fire.
Has not the hour of that ordeal dawned upon us? On the Potomac —
on the 'sacred soil' of Virginia — in Missouri — in Arkansas — in
Tennessee-1— in Kentucky — in the Carolinas — along the banks of
' the Father Waters ' — shakes not the earth beneath the tread of
martial men? And in how many places is not the sound of the
groans of the poor slave — convicted of no crime, attainted of no
treason — replaced by the sharp crack of the rifle, the rattle of mus-
ketry, the clash of sabres, and the booming bass of artillery ?
••And in this great conflict, this deadly 'wreck of matter,' the old
flag is home upward and onward to the re-achievement of its right-
ful heritage by the stalwart arms and courageous hearts of its heroic
defenders. Surely, to-day, amid its glorious victories, it is receiv-
ing its solemn baptism of fire and of blood!"
And thus we loved and love the flag.
Mr. Alexander H. Stephens, on being inducted into the second-
ary position upon " the throne of iniquity " declared the new " gov-
ernment " of which he was a pillar, to be reformatory in its character.
But, if it be true that great reforms never move backward, it must
be admitted that the armed insurrection of American slavery was
not a reform, but a retrogression; evolving, however, out its very
necessities, a true reform, of an animus deeply and implacably antag-
onistic to itself.
It Bought to unwrite the superscription of the Almighty upon
humanity. To-day, the reform which it has engendered is re-ttit- V
ing manhood on man. It sought to account the prayers, the tears,
the trials, and the love of civil and religious liberty of the Pilgrim
Fathers unholy; and to blot out " Plymouth Rock" from the sacred
renii'inbraiH-e of Americans. Hut to-dav, from an hundred battle-
fields, the bleaching bones of the honored sons of the " Mayflower's"
ocean wanderers speak in thunder tones to the surviving descendants
of the Puritans, to contend earnestly in the spirit of their progeni-
tors, for that which the forefathers sought and found — •• Freedom
bo worship God!" It sought to undeclare the most noble utterances
of 177<",, the foundation-stone of American liberty, and American
nationality. But today, these sentiments, haloed in fire, and a
thousand-fold intensified by their baptism in a nation's blood, are
far more than in the hour when the continent of America became
VOCal with them, and distant thrones of power trembled before them,
cherished in ten thousands of bosoms, by whom they are accounted
as among t be eternal verities !
People of America ! in virtue of the sacred blood of the slain of
33
an hundred battle-fields, and of the noble naval heroes that have
sunk to their last sleep beneath the engulphihg waves, that the
country and liberty might not perish — in justice to the honored army
of living witnesses, who bared their bosoms to the foeman's steel,
that freedom might not die, and in the name of all who have suffered,
and hoped, and striven for the redemption of the land, we ask you
if this reform shall not be made perfect by being advanced to its
legitimate, logical conclusion?
The present is peculiarly an age of ideas. The invention of the
Telegraph — perhaps the grandest achievement of uninspired human-
ity, rimming the chariot-wheels of science with the fire of heaven's
artillery — the improvements in fire-arms — new and superior modes
of warfare, offensive and defensive — greatly advanced educatorial
appliances — the dissemination in many languages of the world's
great civilizer and purifier, the Holy Scriptures — the prosecution of
the honored labors of the husbandman, upon principles elaborated in
the studio of the philosopher — new and important combinations in
the uses of steam, the great motor of the age — the ever-advancing
and indispensable railway enterprize of the world — the tunneling of
mountains — the bridging of rivers ; all these, and more than are
mentionable, are but so many multiplied evidences of the birth and
growth of ideas — the expansion of mind, the liberal unfolding of
humanity's intellectual power. And amid them all, there stands
prominently forth — colossal, majestic, commanding — the grand idea
— solemn, sublime, immortal, of the inherent right of man to self-
government ! That idea is stronger far to-day on this continent,
and throughout Christendom, than in any previous era of the world's
history.
The institutions of the old world, founded upon a political class
distinction in society, are being eliminated by the progress of libe-
ral ideas, and by the sword. The Austrian Hapsburg power — the
power that could create and sustain a Radetskv, the woman-whipper
of Hungary — has been made to quail before the house of Loraine ;
and through the liberalizing ideas promulged by the Prussian needle-
gun, Bismarck makes his mark upon the century.
Italy — classic ground forever — possesses now the citadel of the
strength of her hereditary foe, the celebrated Quadrilateral, — the
name of Garibaldi and freedom are as ever synonymous, and as ever
honored, while Victor Emmanuel is King of an almost universally
united Italy.
In England, the mother-land, the popular cry is for "a redistri-
bution of seats," an enlargement of the suffrage. The sturdy
yeomanry of Britain, the stay and the staff of the throne of that
noble woman, England's widowed Queen, demand that their voices
shall be heard, and their rights and influence acknowledged in her
Majesty's Government of the realm.
In the far north, despotic Russia, through the courage, intel-
3
34
ligence and patriotism of lier liberal-minded Czar, has loosed the
bonds of serfdom, and elevated manacled millions of the human
race into the beaut}-, strength and dignity of unfettered manhood.
Spain is looking forward to an early cleansing of the crown of
Castile from the foulest blot upon its jewelled disc ; and even the
Island of Sumatra has decreed its atmosphere too pure to be
breathed by a Binele chattel bondman.
Fellow countrymen ! Shall America, the youngest born of the
nations, in which man is put on trial as to his ability to govern
himself, — shall America, the land of Bibles, of free :i and a
free press, — shall America, whose every enfranchised citizen is a
sovereign in his own right, — shall she require to learn a single lesson
in human liberty from governments built upon, and peoples imbued
with, the idea of " the divine right of Kings to govern wrong?"
It is the distinguishing characteristic of the highest attained
human governmental development — the American Republic — that
the common people are not only " the power behind the throne,"
but the pillars and possessors of the throne itself. And, as if
resulting from its reflex influence upon senior nationalities, the
importance of the people as the true source of power, is being almost
every where acknowledged.
" Talk not to me of the State," in a former period, said the
monarch of France, " I, Louis the XV, am the State."
In a recent speech at Montbrison, France, the Due de Persigmy,
aking through the populace to the Emperor, bids him " Onward
King of the people ! "
Whatever may be the political significance of such an utterance
at tli" present period, by the distinguished relative of the astute
Emperor of the French, it seems to be within the compass of
human comprehension that the time approximates in which the
popular cry of disenthralled nationalities will be "Onward, liberty of
the people! Liberty is King!
Christian people ! The retrospect ol the great contest adduces
the painful fact that, throughout the di conflict of immortal
truth with perishing error, the wide extended diabolusian war, the
church has been led, and not bailing, as is her high prerogative, and
her bounden duty.
For, however swift, sure and comprehensive, may he the march
of civilization, should Dot the human dm ' of the mind of Chris/
be unapproachably in adva it, preparing the highways for its
age, and illumining them, not with the transient glare of the
meteor, however brilliant, but with the steady radiance of the
fixed constellation, a light as unerring and glorious as the resplen-
dent birth Btar of " the Prince of the Bouse of David ?"
not thi-' the day, is not this the hour, in which the American
church, and the American State, each in its own order, should labor
with the single-heartedness of christians, and the candor and fervor
of patriots that
35
God, Justice and Humanity,
shall be the sure base-work upon which the restored and regenerated
Union shall rest ?
The vestiges of the Dictatorships of the world do not prove them
to have been peculiarly favorable to the existence and increase of
popular liberty. The people of Rome had once the popular boast
of Roman citizenship. But under the second Dictatorship of
Julius Caesar, nineteen hundred years ago, that people had so far
lost the ancient Roman lo¥e of liberty, that their popular cry, their
highest aspiration, was "panem et circenses— bread and public shows."
Such a people might well be held the vassals of the ambition of a
bold, aspiring man. already possessed of place and power. Under similar
circumstances other nations might exhibit a similar degeneracy.
What the near future holds in reserve for our country can not now
be divined. The elective pronouncement of the people may create
a Congress equal to the requirements of the crisis.
But cis-Atlantic lovers of their countrv and of constitutional
liberty, will not be unmindful, in view of what is transpiring imme-
diately around us, of the trans- Atlantic coup de etat of the second
of December. We are no alarmists, but the public danger, though
lessened is not destroyed.
'Twere well the vanguard of liberty should pile high the faggots
on the watch-fires of freedom.
Fellow patriots ! the history of the human race, the records of
the deeds of buried centuries afford incontestable evidence that
" unfinished questions have no pity for the repose of mankind."
"With all the light derivable from an examination of the line of
political knowledge, as developed by the histories of past and
present nations of the earth, with all the war-learned lessons of the
great conflict between tortuous, punctilious wrong, and simple
logical right — lessons carried by cannon to the very lintels of the
doors of the citadel of the strength of the American Government,
the homes and the hearts of the American people, the way to the
possession of a just and enobling national grandeur and perpetuity,
is made possible and plain to you in the sight of all the civilized
nationalities and peoples of the earth. Tbe curtain so long veiling
the entrance to that way from the moral perception of the nation, has
been lifted by the sword, and the dear old flag has entered upon its
march to a brighter and better civilization, to the tenor clash of
sabers, and the booming bass of artillery.
That which the bullet saved from destruction, is now to be re-
mitted to the ballot for preservation. The contest is, for the moment,
adjourned from the field to trie forum! The questions arising out of
it. or by which it was created, must now, or in the near future, be
met and decided by the honor, patriotism, and statesmanship of the
American people, or by the converse of these qualities in them.
Under which dominion shall it be?
36
A voice from the tomb of the martyred Lincoln seems now to
reach the national ear, saying, " The hour is come in which to en-
franchise the colored American people, that they may 'help you
keep the jewel of liberty in the family of freedom.'' To the test
of man's fitness for self-government, as presented by " the model
republic," the oppressed of every dime still fondly look. To
cleanse and purify it — to make it a light casting its rays of grandeur
and stability far into the dim vista of the future — to essentially aid
in the redemption of the nations, from whatever tyrannizes over
man — the image of his Maker — is your great work. And in the
memorable words of departed excellence and worth, it is within
your competency to " meanly lose, or nobly save, the last best hope
"of the earth!"
Our plea with the nation is based upon no prescriptive rights of
complexional hue or of lineage. We plead simply as men with
men, for the restoration of the exercise of the rights of men. The
rights themselves inhere to us and to all men, and are inalienable, but
their exercise by us, has been obstructed by an undue application, on
the part of the majority, of the law of force.
We plead with you. that you do not allow " the government of the
people, by the people, for the people," to perish from the earth
through any imperfect application of the true principles upon which <
it is founded, in obedience to the behests of a prejudice possessing
no element of greatness and no quality of logic competent to com-
mend it to the favorable consideration of God or man.
And now, fellow-citizens, our cause is before you. "We believe
it to be the cause of our country and of human progress. To God,
the universal governor, and to you, we commit it, and ask you to
decree by your suffrages, Equality of rights for all loyal men in America,
before the bar of Am r lean lata/
R. W. STOKES, Chairman, Chicago.
J. B. DAWSON, Chicago.
M. L. RICHARDSON. Mercer Count v.
GEO. C. FOUNTAIN'. Quincv.
JOSEPH II. BARQUETTE, Galesburg.
CHAS. S. JACOBS, Decatur.
E. A. GREEN, Champaign.
On the motion of the Rev. R. DeBaptiste, the Convention elec-
ted Mr. John Jones, of Chicago, to be the general agent of the
State. On motion of R. DeBaptiste, the following was adopted :
WHEREAS, Dr. P. B. Randolph, who is one of "our men." and a member
of t aiii. ii of Loyal Southerners, and one of the Committee from that
ention, who recently wen! I the country and publicly advocated
equal colored peoplo of the United States ; and
Wheeras, Dr. Randolph is now i l in Lecturing through this State, on
the i mal rights of all men, thus aiding this Convention in the
work ueforo it ;
37
Resolved, That we indorse the course of this champion of the rights of man,
and bid him and his associate, Mr. A. J. G-ordon, G-od speed in their noble
work, and that we will attend in a body his lecture this evening, at half past
seven o'clock.
On the motion of L. B. White, a vote of thanks was tendered
to the reporter of the associated press, for the able manner in
which the proceedings of the convention have been furnished to
the public journals.
On the motion of George L. Thomas, a vote of thanks, as an
expression of the feelings of the colored citizens of the State,
was tendered to John Jones, and all who were associated in the
effort for securing the repeal of the " Black Laws" of Illinois.
The following resolution was offered by Mr. Barbour, of Alton.
It was referred to the Committee on Resolutions, who reported
favorably upon it, and on motion it was adopted.
Be it resolved, That this Convention request every delegate to solicit the names
of his constituents, and send them to the State Central Committee, with the
name of the County, and that the Committee send this document to the legisla-
ture of the State of Illinois, as the prayer of so many thousands of her citizens
praying for the right of suffrage.
On the motion of Mr. J. H. Barquette, the thanks of the con-
vention were tendered to the President and the remaining officers
of the body, for the discharge of the duties belonging to their several
stations.
The patriotic hymn commencing with " My country 'tis of thee,"
was sung by the entire assembly.
On motion, the third State Convention of colored men of Illinois
was adjourned without day.
LIST OF DELEGATES.
it
LI
G. T. GRAVES, Galesburg, 111.
R. RICHARDSON, "
CHAS. HELMS,
C. W. WILLIAMS.
J. D. DAVIS,
REV. FAULKNER, "
J. MeGRUDER, "
W. WEBSTER,
S.RICHARDSON, "
J. B. TRUSTY, "
REV. PATTERSON, ll
S. D. WILLIAMS,
D. FLETCHER,
J. H. BARQUETTE, "
T. RICHARDSON,
S. PERKINS,
REV. A. McGILL,
H. H. HAWKINS, " "
REV. McSMITH. Galena, "
G. T. FOUNT A IX. Quincy, "
A. PLEASANTS.
H. HICKL1X. Springfield,
REV. D. BR EXT, "
A. W. JACKSON, Jacksonville, 111.
S. R. SMITH, Knoxville,
.1. B. SMITH.
T. STEVENSON, Monmouth,
R. B. CATLIX,
GEO. P. MORRIS, Monmouth. HI.
P. OUTLAXD.
GEORGE P11EXYX. "
A. DOBBTN.
C. C. RICHARDSON, Alton,
C. BARBOUR,
M. RICHARDSON, Mercer Co. "
E. W. LEWIS. Peoria,
W. COLEMAN, Will Co.
J. W. SMITH. Douglas Co.
R. HOLLY, Bloomington, "
REV. P. WARD, "
C. S.JACOBS, Decatur,
E. A. GREEN, Champaigne Citv. "
GEORG E 1 1 EX I! V. Henry Co. , "
REV. B. SMITH. Shawn^etown, "
REV. T. STROTHER. Cairo,
J. B. DAWSOX\ Chicago, 111.
E. R. WILLIAMS,
J. STAXLY,
REV. R. DeBAPTISTE,
G. L. THOMAS.
L. B. WHITE,
WILLIAM JOHNSON,
R. W. STOKES,
R. C. WARING,
WILLIAM BAKER,
E. HAWKINS,
PUBLISHING COMMITTEE.
J. STANLEY.
L. B. WHITE,
R. C. WARING,
E. R. WILLIAMS.
WILLIAM JOHXSON,
^
GRAND CELEBRATION
a f
IN HONOR OF THE PASSAGE OF THE
#tiittana af tatmption,
BY THE
FREE STATE CONVENTION,
ON THE
ELEVENTH DAY OF MAY, 1864.
HELD IN THE
Place d'Armes, New-Orleans, June 11th,
WITH THE
PROGRAMME, PROCEEDINGS, SPEECHES BY REV. DR. ROGERS,
FRANCIS BOISDORE, REV. W. A. DOVE, &c. &c.
ALSO THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE
OF NEW ORLEANS,
AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF PRIZES, &c.
HELD FIRST AUGUST, 1864.
NEW ORLEANS,
H. P- LATHROP, PRINTER, 74 Magazine Street,
1864.
Notice.
It has been said by persons, both far and near, that the colored man has no intel
ligence, and that when set free he will not work ; but we propose to test that mat
ter, t>y showing to the world both the intelligence and industry of the colored
men and women. I >nly give us u free man's chance ami have a little patience and
we will manifest to the world, the true spirit of our Nationality.
Permit us then in cur humble cottages Of the South, to announce the name of
mir patrotic brother, Rev. Dr. Stephen Walter Rogers, who was born ami raised a
slave in the Smith, who- educated himself, principally at night schools, lie pub-
lished a beautiful little work in I80O called v Roger's Composition," and this was
done two years before lie was free, and with that we have his two Orations. Besides
this we we have the Oration of .Mr. Francis Boisdore', a French gentleman, who
was live born and raised in this City. We also have the Lite of our able brother,
Fredrick Douglas, who was also bom a slave ; and with the above we can test our
talents. Dr. Charles Johnson, Dentist, paid for his freedom $4,500. .lack Smith,
$1,400, William Washington and family $3,009, and there are many others,
who have paid as much, or more and that will test our industry; and your
Committee were all slaws once. Suffice to say, that surrounded as we are by a wall
of law abiding citizens, and our Christian churches, we will move on in one
Union Band protecting each other through life, and any man amongst us who
•hall show himself a peaceble Law abiding man shall be protected.
ESAU CARTER, \ { HENRY BERRYMAN,
JOHN JONES, f ,, ... „ . \ JOHN F. WINSTON,
MITCHELL STURGESS, r Comul'Hoe on Printing. -> JACOB JOHNSON
Dr. B.SMITH, \ I KDWARD SIMMS,
CHARLES HUGHES, ' WOSEPHLACY
New Oki.kans, August 7th, 1804.
Mum. Carter, Lacy, Hughes, and others, Oommittee'on Printing:
Cl.YI LKMEN :
1 'lease' give plaee in your l'amplet to the following recommandation of
ilr». Mary l. Brine, principal of the Pioneer School, to which some of the little mem-
bers of m) familj belong. Her unwearied labors among us for the elevation of
our race, and as a Union lady, richly deserve the highest approval of all Union
< 'ili/< 08,
Respectfully,
s.W. ROGERS,
Potior, St. Thomas' Church.
The Free State Convention- of Louisiana having on the 11th day
of May decreed the abolition of Slavery throughout the State, the
colored people of the city of New Orleans met together in Mass
Meeting and resolved to celebrate the event in an appropriate
manner. Saturday, llth June, was agreed upon as the time for the
celebration to take place. A committee was appointed to make all
suitable arrangements, who promulgated the following
ORDER. OF PROCESSION.
The grand place of assembly will be at Congo Square, on Rampart street, at
10 o'clock a. M., where the oration will be delivered, after which the procession
\.'i\\ move up Rampart street to Canal, up Canal (south side) to Carondelet street,
up Caronde let to Triton Walk, up Triton Walk to St. Charles, up St. Charles to
Fourth, up Fourth to Coliseum, down Coliseum and into Camp, down Camp to
Julia, down Julia to St. Charles, down St. Charles to Royal, down Royal to
lower Railroad, down Railroad to Craps, up Craps to Rampart, up Rampart to Con-
go Square, where the procession will break ranks.
First District.
ESAr CARTER, Grand Marshal ; HENRY CLAY, CHAS. HUGHS,
WADE HAMPTON. Deputies.
Military Escort with Music.
Clergymen.
Dr. S. W. ROGERS, Crator of the Da v.
FRANCIS BOISDORE. Orator in French.
The " Pioneer School."
All Benevolent Societies in order.
Public Schools of the First District.
Wagons with Young Ladies representing the States.
Second. District.
Captain. Eug. MEILLEUR, Grand Marshal ; N. YILLEREE, A. POPULUS
and B. JOURDAIN, Deputies.
Veterans of 1814 and 1815.
Cities and State Authorities.
Free State Committee,
CLUBS-Republican, Radical, Economy Association, Arts and Metiers, Invited
Guests, United Brothers, Congregation, and others Societies in order.
Schools, Second District.
Third District.
Capt. Louis Lainey, Grand Marshal; John Kepperd, Edward Simm3, Deputies.
Carriages with Capt. Caillou's family, ex-Ofticers and Privates of the First,
Second, Sixth and Seventh Regiments Louisiana Native Guards.
and Volunteers.
SOCIETIES -Artisan. Amis, Francais Amis, and other Benevolent Institutions.
Public Schools, Third District.
Fourth District.
THOMAS M. POREE, Grand Marshal ; Dr. R, Smith and John Scott. iDeputied.,
Col. HANKS and Friends of Freedom.
Ships Hartford and Albatross.
Benevolent Associations.
Mechanics in Wagons.
The Public in general.
Public Schools, Fourth District.
National Salute.
4 EMANCIPATION* CETEBRATIO.V
N. B.-Bouligny, Carrollton and Greenville are respectfully invited to join in the
Procession- each lo choose their Grand Marsha],
We, the undersigned Committee of Arrangements, do hereby tender our sincere
thank-.; td Major Gen. Banks and Gov. M. llahn for offering such assistance and
protection as are necessary for the occasion .
All banners or transparencies having letters painted on them of an aggravated
character, are strictly forbidden by this Committee, and any person or persons ac-
ting any way contrary to the above shall be held strictly accountable for the
same.
COMMITTEE OF ARRANGEMENTS.
s. W. Rogers, Esau Carter, Thos. M. Poree,
B.Clay, John Keppard, N. Villere'e.
Approved.
LUDGER POGTJILLE,
Grand Marshal of the dav.
(HAS. BULLER, )
P. Z. CANONGE. Grand Deputies.
ALEX. BARBER.)
THE EMANCIPATION CELEBRATION.
From the New Orleans Era, June 12, 1864.
Place d'Atmes, formerly called Congo Square, and its surroundings were swarm-
ing with thousands of our colored population yesterday. At an early hour the
different parts of the city where colored schools ars located, or colored societies
unit, became alive with them dressed in their holiday attire and ornamented
with national Bags, and colors. About nine o'clock they began to move towards
the place appointed for meeting-Congo Square — and at about half-past eleven
o'clock they had all arrived, the majority of them accompanied by field-bands,
and with banners and flags floating in the breeze.
In the Bquare a large platform, rising in the form of an amphitheatre, had been
erected, with a stand for the speakers. The platform was decorated with flags
and evergreens, and scats were arranged on and in front of it. The speakers'
Btand was covered by a large awning, underneath we found a number of ladies,
teachers of the colored schools established by Gen. Banks. Among those present
on the platform, we noticed old Jburdan and some fifteen or sixteen of the colored
veterans ol 1815. Some of them appeared m stotog and hearty as the day when
thej Bhowed their devotion to the glorious Btars and stripes.
The proceedings were opened with prayer by the Rev. Mr Forrest, who, as well
as the other speakers, was introduced by Mr. ('. C Morgan.
He called on all to thank Almighty God for his goodhess, which allowed them
to ( ime together on this eleventh day of June, 1864, to celebrate the breaking of
the chains ol Blavery. Thousands of their1 brethren had lookedin vain for relief,
but the} were the ones privileged to enjoy liberty. He prayed that (bid would
give the Onion armies strong aims to help in breaking down this rebellion, and
the chains of Slavery. He call on God to bless the Army of Virginia, bless Gen.
Banks, and give Gen. Grant strength to light the battles of bis country. Bless
Abram Lincoln, the Presidenl ofthe1 I'nited states, and may he he President for
the next four years. God bless the Convention and all the speakers of today.
• EMANCIPATION CELEBRATION O
A song in honor of emancipation was sung by the children, under the direction
of the Rev. C. A. Conway. After which the following address was delived by the
Rev. S. W. Rogers, the orator of the day. Mr. Rogers, although a colored man,
spoke of the war, the existence and downfall of slavery, and other prominent
topics before the country, in a manner that showed his thorough knowledge of
thesuljects. He returned thanks to Major General Banks, for the interest he
had taken in. and the benefits he had conferred upon them, since he took com-
mand of this Department. The whole colored population would ever bless his
name for the golden educational order, by which so many were being enlightened ;
his instructions to the delegates to the Convention ; and most of all, for his great
free labor system, by which his (the speaker's) race were made men, all of which
had given the highest satisfaction to the colored people throughout the State.
He also thanked Col Hanks, Gov. Hahn, and one or two others, for their labors
in behalf of the colored man.
During the time he was speaking, Gen. Banks. Gov. Hahn, Mayor Hoyt, to-
gether with some of the General's staff, appeared on the platform, and were greet-
ed by tremendous cheers from the assembled thousands, and the children singing
a national air. The speaker delivered his address in a manner scarcely surpassed
by many of our white orators, and was often interrupted by long and continued
applause.
He was followed by Mr. F. Boisdore" in French, who was also frequently inter-
rupted by applause.
After be closed, Governor Hahn being called on, remarked that he had not
come there to take any active part in the proceedings, but merely as a looker on ;
he was highly pleased with the propriety, order and zeal, with which all the pro-
ceedings hadbeen carried on, and their conduct to-day would convince any one of
their fitness for freedom.
When in the month of February he had made the declaration, that if he was
elected governor, no slave should be in Louisiana after his inauguration, some
of his friends had thought it premature, but the subsequent election for members
of the Convention, showed that he was sustained in his declaration by the people.
As for the powers of the Convention, he considered their act of emancipation
binding on the people. He did not consider it just that a man should be held as
a slave, because his skin was black or any other color.
About 12 o'clock, during the progress of the speeches, Capt. Pearson's battery
fired a salute of one hundred guns, by order of Gen. Banks, and one hundred
taps were struck by the Alarm Telepraph on the city bells, by order of Mayor
Hoyt.
After Gov. Hahn concluded, the procession began to file out of the square on
Rampart street, headed by the 4th U. S. Cavalry (colored) on foot and followed
by one or two other colored regiments «
We were stationed on Rampart street, and observed the procession as it passed
along, according to the programme published in the city papers, with music play-
ing and banners flying.
First came the military— three regimens of colored soldiers— looking extremely
well, and marching like well-drilled soldiers. Then came the different societies,
each with its appropriate banners ; then the pupils of the public school ; then the
veterans of 1814 and 1815 ; City and Stale authorities, and Free State Committee.
Then the different Clubs— Republican, Radical, Economy Association. Arts and
Metiers, invited guests, United Brothers, Congregation and other societies. Then
came carriages, with Capt. Caillou's family, ex-Officers and privates of the First,
Second, Sixth and Seventh Regiments, Louisiana Native Guards and Volunteers.
Societies— Artisan, Amis, Francais Amis, and other benevolent institutions. Then
came Col. Hanks and friends of Freedom, gun boat Varuna, Capt. Harris and offi-
cers, benevolent associations, mechanics in wagons, etc. The procession arrived
at Canal street, and moved up Canal to Carondelet, up Carondelet to Triton Walk.
up Triton Walk to St. Charles, up St. Charles to Fourth, and at the corner of
Prytania and Fourth streets, in front of Gen. Banks' residence, the head of the
0 EMANCIPATION CELEBRATION
<
procession halted and gave three cheers for Gen. Banks, three cheers for Gov.
Hahn, three cheers for Mrs. Banks, three cheers for the free State Committee,
three chi ers for the Army of the Gulf, and three cheers for old Abe. Gen. Hunks,
and Mrs. Banks, and Gov. Hahn, returned the cor/ptiment by waving tbeir
handkerchiefs from tlie gallery of the General's residence, where he reviewed the
whole procession as it passed, and received the plaudits of the <:rateful people,
who were now rejoicing over the act that has {declared them free. We here left
the procession to wend its way down the course marked out for it. We give this
as a simple statement of what took place yesterday in New Orleans, on the elev-
enth day of June. Is not Emancipation a fixed fact '
Capt. Pearson's battery, the loth Massachusetts, came out at 12 o'clock, and
fired T4 salute of Km guns. This is a very attractive corps, and shows evidence of
painstaking on the part of the officers. Their evolutions were regular and the
firing precise, and elicited the encomiums of the spectators. Capt. Pearson may
well feel a soldier's pride in the execution of his command.
T HE "PIONEER SCHOOL,"
Mrs. Mary W. Rrice, Teacher,
Formed a most interesting part, which will be seen, in the general order of pro-
ion. in front of the Benevolent Societies.
On the large Banner, tastefully arranged in evergreen by the pupils of this
school, and carried in their front, were the appropriate words :
■• Tlie Pioneer School: opend September, 1800. We "re still marching mi."
I >n the smaller Banners, seven in number, of different colors, were —
1. "Everyman outs it to himself to guard, protect, and cherish the Unionofihe Stales."
2. "This is tin' A</< of 1'ioijriss. and ire un for it new Civilization."
'.',. ■ ■ Nature is our Mother, and ice arc tali ing our i>l/" e."
■I. "Old things must past away."
5. " Wi lire all for Freedom,
6. "Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of II '.tp/iiness, the gifts of Hod."
7. '• I'nitif. iinalloi/id hi/ scr/ionai 'line* — no North, no South, no East, no Went — the whole
< buntry !"
About half-past nine o'clock, A. M , or near that time, the pupils, old and young,
ol this school, neatly dressed tor the occasion, were formed into line at the school-
room, and, with their teacher at their side, marched in a most orderly manner, to
the place of assembly, (Place d' Amies.) distant about three- quarters of a mile or
more from the school-room, attracting general attention as they passed through por-
tions (j| Borne of tin' principal streets, their pretty and appropriate banners, glisten-
in- in the -an shine and waving to the wind.
This school, it must be borne in mind, was opened in I860, and has been success-
tally taught ever since ; even when the city was in its darkest and most turbulent
mood the night that, was to precede the day of Freedom -Mrs. B., aided hy her
husband, and overshadowed by a glorious Providence, stood boldly up through all.
OK ATION
Delivered by the Rev. Dr. S. W. Rogers, on the 11th June, 1864,
before the grand assembly in Congo Square, (Place d'Arraes,)
New Orleans, on the Abolition of Slavery throughout the State :
Fellow Citizens :
We have assembled to-day in obedience to a call to celebrate the
Act of Emancipation of the State of Louisiana, passed on the llth
day of May, 1864. That auspicious day is now recorded upon the
pages of civil history, and numbered with the anniversaries of events
which indicate a speed}r national delivery of the children of Africa
from the house of bondage.
God has placed men, both temporal and divine, at the helm of the
ship Civilization, and has bid them steer that vessel safely across the
wide ocean of Heathenism, and to land the Nations safely in the
harbor of Morality and Religion. As Civilization seems to predom-
inate in the human heart, from the Garden of Eden even to the present
day, Heathenism has been its opponent from time to time, and in
its fury made war upon our earthly paradise, and after a momentary
struggle Adam fell a victim to its pre}r. But Civilization revives
again, and Heathenism makes the second assault. The struggle is
long and tiresome, and at last God intervenes, and speaks from the
eternal world, warning his servant, Noah, to make ready to meet the
destruction of the nations of the earth. But Heathenism still leads
off, and the inhabitants of the earth attempt to build a tower
whose summits should reach the clouds* of heaven, and to plant
thereon the flag of defiance. But the God of Heaven, whose broad
burning eye surveys the secrets of every heart, looked down and
changed their language into different tongues, and caused them to
wander off into various lands.
And as we lose sight of the nations for a moment, whilst they
wander off and multiply the earth, our attention is called to the
voice of God, as he speaks from the unclouded world, and tells Moses
v
9 ORATION".
to go down into Egypt and tell King Pharioh "to let my people go."
Here God proclaimed the downfall of Egyptian slavery ; moreover he
said to Moses 1 am the God of Abraham, of Isaac and of Jacob,
showing thai he was the God of the living and not of the dead.
And after an acknowledgment of God's supreme power over the crown
of Egypt, he leads the Israelites out of the House of Bondage with a
high hand and an arm unseen by mortal man, amid the shouts of
angel- Israel then began to multiply the earth, and to wander
into distant lands and among foreign nations ; and all things seemed
quiet until Columbus announced the name of America, which conti-
nent he discovered on the 1st of October, 1492, 372 years ago, which
excited all Europe! Expeditions were immediately fitted out for this
side of the water, and on their arrival every thing was set in order
for agriculture, for various trades, and for the arts and sciences , and
whilst the inhabitants were quietly in pursuit of wealth and happi-
ness, the peace and harmony of Boston harbor were disturbed, and
the result was the British Government issued a declaration of war
against this country, with a faint hope of Buecess. The war was
long and stubborn, but to the ^creat surprise of Europe the golden
Eagle with ber Stripes and Stars floating in the breeze, appeared in
the British water.-, demanding the recognition of these United States
of America. After the achievement of her independence the United
States dispatched her war vessels to different ports, opening commu-
nication with every nation for her merchant ships and her commerce,
and sending into foreign markets her Cotton, Rice, Tobacco, Hemp,
Mineral-, &c., and receiving in exchange their Silks, Tea, Coffee,
[vory, Wines, Brandies, and other productions of foreign countries,
a- well as the Art- and Sciences. But after the war between Eng-
land and America, the former seems to have found out that Slavery
was a great evil, and she sent out a naval force to suppress the Afri-
can Sla\ e Trade .
Was it England's love for the protection of that race of people —
or was it hi r intention of weakening the U. S. Government, with a
faint hope of Subjugating her again ? These are questions for impar-
tial eon.-ideration . The overhauling of our American vessels in the
GulfStream, by the British war stermer Styx, the burning of the
OF DR, ROGERS.
d
American steamer Caroline, on Luke Erie by McCloud, the English-
man, are questions yet to be settled .
Late statistics show that 5,000,000 persons were supported in
England by Cotton — 30,000,000 spindles employed in the production
of the yarn, and the capital absorbed exceeds $150,000,000 Four-fifths
of the cotton consumed in England, 800,000,000 fos, was American.
The total number of' Slaves, according to the census of 1860, which
were emancipated by the Proclamation of the President of the United
States, was 3,404,925, viz :
Alabama 435,132
Arkansas • • • 11,114
Florida 61,753
Georgia 462,232
Louisiana 333,010
M ississinpi • • . . 436,696
North Carolina 331,081
South Carolina 403,541
Tennessee 215,784
Texas 180,682
Eastern Virginia 375,000
The increase will make the aggregate at the present time fully
3,500,000, and some say 4,000,000.
If the foregoing table be correct, then we can see very clearly why
the British Government allowed rebel iron clads and rebel ships of
war to be fitted out in her docks for action against the U. States.
England has long had an eagle eye upon our cotton, rice and tobacco
fields, and she perhaps has overlooked her table of recognition, but
it seems that she has not yet forgot the lesson she received from the
United States Government in 1814. There is little danger of the
intervention of France whilst she can see those almighty dollars
which we yet owe her on Louisiana, which she well knows would be
confiscated the moment she snorted.
The object of this celebration to-day is to bind the colored man in
feeling ten fold stronger to the Union white man than he ever was
before, and it is not possible the South can ever gain her indepen-
dence over the United States after this and other acts of freedom
which must be hereafter. .Had the South offered the same induce-
ments to the colored man as the North has, at the breaking out of
this rebellion, the position the colored people held in the South at the
3
10 ORATION*
time, ;uk1 Looking forward to a brighter day, they would have joined
the South, and the Nforth never could have conquered the South
without foreign intervention. Bui such was not the case.
There are four things the colored man wants to complete his do-
mestic happiness, to-wit : Freedom, Suffrage, Work and Wages.
Give him those four wants and it makes him a citizen in every sense
of the word. We do not seek to hasten our spirits within the limits
of the legislative bodies, nor to mingle our voice within the halls of
the Congress of the nation, hut we simply ask permission to say hv
our sacred votes whom we shall have to rule over us. Give us th< i
four wants and then we can say thai slavery is done forever ; bul not
until then. Bui after the manifestations of our loyalty to the United
States Government, still we have a few thoughts to communicate
which heai- important considerations. We ask the right of suffrage
for these reasons :
Thai we are loyal citizens and true to the ('. Slates Governmenl
* we are ready and willing to defend our country's flag al a mo-
ment's warning— that our forefathers fought, bled and died under
Gen. Jackson in 1814-15 in the glorious cause of American liberty
that our brothers are now upon the field, pouring out their hearts'
blood in the support of the same cuse that when Gen. Shepley
called upon us in defense of our then threatened city we responded
to his call, and in the short space of 48 hours we had our regiment
armed, equipped and ready for marching orders.
That many of us are owners of real estate and personal property,
and pay an annual tax throughout the State on many millions of
dollars.
That many of us are well qualified to go to the polls, and we ask
that right by qualification only.
But inasmuch as wejknow that God has the matter in hand, that in
his own appointed time he will turn the national wheel, and the
colored man will draw the capital prize of elective franchise.
Although we are true lovers of our country and its flag, we can but
show our objections to any intermarriages between the two races.
As I could not permit any white man to marry my daughter, so I
would ask the white man to take the same position as myself. Then
OF DR. ROGERS. 11
let us respect each other, and let us live together as friends — let us
defend the Union together ; but when it conies to the marriage vow,
let our motto be color to color. Otherwise it would seem as though
the two races had lost all self-respect. It would bring about a
national slander, and it would impair our reputation in the estimation
of foreign powers.
Then let us wait for two hundred years yet, which will give ample
time for the agitation of such a question as that to which I am still
opposed. But as there will be great changes in the policy of nations
before that period, we know not what the future will bring forth ;
yet I must oppose such intermarriages from the due respect I owe
to the colored ladies.
Many of our colored ladies are milliners, dress makers and other
needle workers of taste and art. Amongst our young colored men
are tailors, hatters, shoe makers, school teachers, clerks, secretaries,
&c. Let these be encouraged for their future elevation in arts and
sciences.
President Lincoln said to a committee of colored gentlemen that
called upon him at Washington, that the two races could not live
together, and that they must separate. Then will the President and
Congress give us a State or territory adapted to our race ? Say
Texas — and if so, we will make it the brightest star that shines upon
the American flag.
But let us give thanks to the commanding General of this depart-
ment, Major Gen. Banks, for his timely and wise Educational Order,
his instruction to the delegates of the State Convention before its .»
session, and his labor system — all of which have given general satis-
faction to the colored people throughout the State.
Let us also give our thanks to Gov. M. Hahn, Col. Hanks, Rev.
Mk. Conway, Thos. J. Durant, B. F. Flanders, W. R. Crane, Chas.
Fosdick, and many others of our Union friends,, for their good feeling
towards our race in this great struggle. And many thanks are due
Judge Durell and other members of the State Convention for their
heroic act, in striking a death blow at Slavery in the State of Louis-
iana, on the 11th day of May, 1864.
12
ADDRESS BY
Wc arc now on board the national snip, crossing the Hattcras of
Rebellion. She sometimes reels and totters, but her noble comman-
der and her manly sailors spread her canvass to the breeze, and she
(nitrides every storm, and will soon land in the harbor of peace and
tranquility.
The United States flag is destined to float over Cuba, Mexico and
Canada, and in less than three hundred years it will float over the Tower
of London — for the Lord will aflict England for this war now raging,
of which she is the sole cause ; and the fear of going back into sla-
very will keep the colored man forever upon the field of bottle-
preferring death to slavery ; and he will defend the Stars and Stripes
as his country's flag, under whose protection he enjoys his freedom.
To God the Father, God the Son.
To God the Spirit, three in one,
Be honor praise and glory given,
By all on earth and all in heaven !
ADDRESS
(ORIGINALLY DELIVERED IN FRENCH,) ON THE 11th JINK, L864
By P. BOISDORE.
Fellow Countrymen —
1 shall perhaps be taxed with temerity in having undertaken
!«) :"iu a Mi, the occurrence of this solemn day— the 11th May,
urged by friends, and grateful for the most courteous
invitation of the administrative committee, 1 concluded once more to
give tlii pr< of "I" my obedience, and above all of my humble devotion
to the ca f my caste, but considering my incapacity 1 must rely
on .>"iir frat) rnal indulgence.
F. BOISDORE. 13
Fellow Countrymen! — On this memorable day, which we have
devoted to the celebration of the emancipation of our brethren, who
but ^yesterday were in bondage, under the infamous yoke of slavery,
let us begin by raising our hearts to the great Architect of the Uni-
verse and tender him our lively and solemn thankfulness ! Who
would not, in sight of those glorious banners displayed to our eyes,
acknowledge the intervention of divine providence, which never
ceased to watch over the destiny of our caste, for too long a time
enslaved and oppressed. Yes, let us tender our homage to the great
sovereign of the Universe ! Yes, it is in his name that we ought to
celebrate the 11th May, 1864, the anniversary of the final emancipa-
tion of our brothers ! Yes, we ought to understand that in celebra-
ting this glorious day we honor the memory of our ancestors, who
were slaves ! We honor the memory of our mothers, of whom three-
fourths were born and died in slavery !
Fclloio Countrymen! What sweet and sacred emotions must
cheer the hearts of those honorable sixty-three members of the Con-
vention who had the noble courage to vote in majority for emanci-
pation, in remembering this liberal action ! And the honorable Pre-
sident of the Convention, in affixing his signature to this noble act,
for the abolition of slavery, must he not have believed that his pen
was sustained by the spirit of the immortal Washington !
Glory to you, members of the Convention ! in the name of the 1 1th
May, 1864 ! Your names will be blessed forever in our grateful hearts!
Our emancipated brethren will impress on the minds of their children
to venerate the names of their liberators— they will bless them and
hand them down to their posterity ! They will think and talk of
you, and every one in singing praise to the immortal Abraham Lincoln,
will find a gratification in joining your names with that of this great
sage, in uttering with delight — long live the immortal Abraham
Lincoln !
Long life also to Ariail, Austin, Bailey, Barrett, Beauvais, Bell,
Bontant, Bromley, Burke, Cazabat, J. Cook, Crozat, Cutler, David,
Duane, Edwards, Ennis, Fish, Flagg, Flood, Foley, Fosdick, Fuller,
Geier, Goldman, Gaidry, Healy, Hart, Heard, Eenderson, Holls, Hero,
14 ADDRESS BY
Bowes, Kavagan, Knobloch, Kugler, Maas, Mann, Millspaugh, Morris,
Newell, Norman, Oit, T. Payne, Pintado, Poynot, John Purcell,
Schroeder, Seymour, Shaw, Smith, Spellicy, Stocker, Stiner, Stauffer,
Talliaferro, Terry, Col. Thorpe, Thomas, Wells, Wilson,
These, my Fellow Countrymen, are the names of the sixty-three
promoters of the act of emancipation. They are those who, as if
armed with the Holy Scriptures in one hand, and holding the Decla-
ration of Independence in the other, energetically pronounced the
sacred words — " Slavery is an effront to nature ! Slavery is a blot on
our act of independence, which declares all men to be born free and
equal !"
My Emancipated Brothers! —
It is particularly to you that I address myself. This day, for-
ever memorable, should efface from your remembrance all your past
misfortunes — all the cruel treatment which weighed upon you almost
from your cradles ; forget all the extortions, all the insults, all the
tortures which you have suffered — forget them in the name of the sun
of Liberty which shone upon the event of the 11th May, 1861 !
more chains, no more pillory i Forget your numberless priva-
ls — forget that but yesterday you were yet crushed under the yoke
of the hardi -t slavery — forget all the crying injustice which you had
to suffer. Be generous, like the first mail vis — forgive your cruel,
inhuman masters ! Efface from you memory those scenes of horror
which only slavery could give birth to ! Liberty claims you! You
:;<>\\ free men ! you no Longer are the instruments, the beasts of
burden to a man like yourself ! To-day you have a will of your own !
You are your own masters — you have your own free will ! What,
do you fear to fall back to the days of barbarity ? with hands ever
\\ tip obey fie- dark wickedness of a master or mistress, who
just returned from holy communion with his God) castigates
ami mutilates you with the scourging whip ! Finally, are you afraid
..I' th'' renewal of those times, when yon were transported from one
State to another, far from your families, your children, stripped and
berefl of nil \<\ the caprice of a hard master, who knew no other law
bu1 bis own will ! No. no more BUch cruel acts — those horrid time-
F. BOISDORE. 15
will not return any more ! Slavery, that genius of evil, has given
way to that true Liberty, for such a long time profaned !
Let them tremble, above all those cruel masters ! Let them feel
sorry for the unheard of torments they inflicted on you ! But in the
name of God ! in the name of the 11th May, 1864 ! ! you ought to
pardon — you should forget all and every thing ! Let that solemn day
awake every sentiment of pity, and be you all inspired with one
desire— of a general absolution and forgiveness to those who called
themselves your masters — your superiors as creatures ! Pity for
them ! Pity, a thousand times more pity ! Like so many old tigers
they groan in their dens — their claws are pared forever !
Slavery, that scourge, has disappeared ; it exists as yet onlv
in the States occupied by Mr. Jefferson Davis, the democrat, who
says he is fighting for Liberty ! Mr. Jefferson Davis a democrat !
He who in spite of civilization intended to perpetuate the slavery of
our caste ! What democracy, what derision ! Therefore he could
not count on the scorn of that liberal France, that proud England,
that of old Spain in particular, and of all Europe in general ! But
he had not foreseen that punishment that he is on the eve of under-
going— -chastisement by which slavery will be swept away and anni-
hilated. Slavery, thou cursed anti-christian institution, thou shalt
not any longer prosper in the United States ! The blood of John
Brown has forever planted the tree of liberty in its bosom ! Vainly
will the hurricane blow, its roots will propagate more and more, in
the name of Christianity !
Therefore, my emancipated brothers, fear no more ! The sweat of
your brow now belongs to yourselves ; no insatiable, inexorable man-
masters to render accounts to ! you are sure to reap the benefits of
what you possess. Work with eagerness and emulation — give proof
that you fully comprehend that liberty does not consist in idlenes,
and laziness ! Liberty does not mean to sleep from morning till night
the belly turned to the sun ! Fight against the absurd and preju-
diced arguments of the slave party, who by means of their news-
papers and on the street corners, will not refrain from repeating
" that the negro is indolent, so much given to laziness that he ought
]f> ADDRESS BY
to be ;i slave that he may be compelled to work" — for then they can cut
him and whip him ad libitum, ill vise and abuse him ! Prove to those
unjust slave partisans, my brethren, that they are in the wrong, that
there absurdities are numerous ; prove to them that God has created
us all free, that the earth is pleased to be cultivated by freemen and
citizens ! Prove to them that any man may be white or black, or
yellow, having all the same organization, subject to the same enjoy-
ments, suffering from the same pain, having the same wants — that
the black man. like the white man, is capable of the same activity, of
the .-.une love of labor, when that labor provides him with the means
of comfort and ease for himself and family. Yes, my brethren, go to
work, go to work ! Encourage your brethren from the country to
love their plantations. It is your duty to make them understand that
mi ii, although free, ought to work, in order to bring up their children
and give them a good education. True liberty is only preserved by
the practice of all social virtues. Reprobate licentiousness, disorder,
prostitution, debauch. Divide well your time, you will fiud enough
to instruct yourself — learn to read, to write ! Remember that Fred-
erick Douglass, (of Manchester. N. Y.) that celebrated orator, that
eminent lawyer, of our own caste, that Frederick Douglas, who
glories in the defense of his countrymen, has been a slave ! and that
up to the age of 25 he did not know how to read ! What extraor-
dinary genius ! Born under the brutish rod of slavery, all means of
instruction were forbidden him; he owes to his energy all the
display of his genius. Let those among you who as yet cannot read,
courageously set to work to learn ; then our most inveterate enemies
will lie obliged to submit to evidence derived from the right and
privilege given to liberty. Your intellectual faculties will be dis-
played with as much facility as theirs. Then their prejudice against
the black race will give way to reason, the same as darkness gives
way to the rays of the sun.
Do not fear, your chains are broken! Fortify the ardor of the
Northern philanthropists. Some of them are dodging as yet. They
are occasionally captivated by tho tying writings of the slave party.
Few of them have attained to that pure, rational radicalism which
F. BOISDOKE. 1*
is the gift of Freemont, Greely, Sumner, Phillips, Butler, Hanks, Con-
way, and those of the creed of Thomas J. Duraut.
Prove to the whole world that although stupefied, you are not de-
moralized ; prove to them that Louisiana, delivered from that scourge
which degraded her in the eyes of the European liberals, will attain
a degree of splendor hitherto unknown to her. Remember always
that submission to laws, just and equitable for all, and the respect.
due to upright magistrates are sacred duties, which every man con-
scious of his dignity, should never deviate from ; receding from these
principles is the upsetting of all social order ; it is returning to bar-
barity, to anarchy !
Brethren, the enemies of our caste, our former old satraps, try all
possible means in order to render us contemptible in the eyes of for-
eign nations— who are sometimes led estray by the lying, cowardly
writings, which certain venal pamphleteers, without conscience, bring
to light : and first impressions are done away with difficulty. To all
those deceptive pamplets and speeches, let us reply by the opening
and reading of the American Declaration of Independence. Therein
will be found an answer to all these false inductions in the following
words : " All men are born free and equal" 1 Let us prove that ire
are aware that those words, dictated by virtuous men, are based
upon the principles of religion, morality and universal justice.
Ah, my countrymen, this prejudice of caste is the most absurd
of all prejudice — shocking to man in the nobility of his creation 1
My emancipated Brothers, it is your duty to remember on this
great day, May 11th, that all men are alike the same, wherever they
may reside, whatever may be their origin — that their degradation is
owing to their vices only, and to the odious yoke of slavery.
My Brethren, not wishing to abuse your indulgence much longer,
permit me only to make a few more remarks in remembrance of this
glorious day, forever abusing the odious and anti-christian principles
of slavery.
Therefore conscious of the past, present and future, we should be
well aware that the act of emancipation is the beginning for us of a
social position in the civilized world, worthy of the great covenant of
the founders of the mighty American republic.
18 ADDRESS BY
The hour of your majority will soon strike ! Let us not be afraid.
We cannot harbor the idea of ever seeing the revival of that time
when the infernal Black Code shone in the clutches of our former
magistrate's ! Can we expect the renewal of slavery, the times when
our brothers were lacerated and tortured in the name of the ironical
democracy of the South ! No, my fellow countrymen, no, brothers,
those times will never return again — they have been struck down by
celestial light !
The time la near when our oppressors in the name of reason, in the
name of God, will take the oath, like yourselves, under this star span-
gled banner, forever to detest slavery, to detest forever the so-called
Confederacy — forever to reject any attempt to renew the prejudice
of caste ! They will acknowledge and confirm to all and every one
the right of citizenship — their right to be electors, and consequently
their right to be also themselves elected.
Christians as we are, let us remember forever that our holy religion
is an edifying one ; let us fly from those, who by a usurped right
pretend to domineer over us by their slave-love principles. Let us
be aware that our Lord Jesus Christ, the only true democrat, by the
bonds of mercy has united the men of all countries, and his holy re-
ligion, like the rays of the sun, belongs to the universe. Therefore
lot us do homage to that supreme omnipotent greatness.
May the government of Lincoln prove a triumphant one, vanquish-
ing this odious rebellion ! that slavery, bondage and tyranny, what-
ever form it may assume, may disappear forever from the world. —
May all nations enjoy their just rights and privileges, in the name of
liberty, justice and fraternity !
Long live the 11th May, 18G4 !
Undoubtedly our worthy Governor Hahn, and our virtuous Gen.
Banks are true patriots ; greal are the services they have rendered to
the cause of liberty ; hut in view of that glorious star spangled ban-
ner, and in the name pf the 4th of July, 1176, we predict that they
have ii"! ye! reached the terminus which the decrees of divine Prov-
idence have assigned to their liberal principles! Yes, honor and
r, B0ISD0RE. 19
glory to you Governor, to you General 1 It is under your auspices
that liberty has succeeded our brethren's slavery ! The Black Code,
that savage book, is destroyed — but as yet we are not citizens of our
own country. That memorable day, 11th May, 1864, does not give
us all our due rights, notwithstanding the rebel presses. On you,
General, we rely, for our future ! On you are founded all our hopes !
It is from your powerful intercession that we expect to come in pos-
session of those inalienable rights which characterize a people truly
free ! Shall we forever occupy an intermediate place ? A place or
condition only equal to that of the Indian pariahs !
No, unshaken in your principles, essentially radical, your dearest
desire, we are sure, on returning to private life, will be accomplished
if you can say to us — "We have restored to fellow-citizens their just
rights, which the odious system of slavery had deprived them of I
We have restored to them all their prerogatives ! I"
This General and Governor is our dearest hope ; and that in the
name of justice, of equity, and the spirit of the 19th century !
ORATION
Of the Rev. W. A. Dove, recently from tb.8 North, delivered before
the Union Brotherhood, in Wesley Chapell, July 4, 1864.
" M. President, this is the first time that I have had the pleasure of
meeting your honorable body and I feel thankful for the honor thus
conferred upon me. Fellow citizens, I received your note inviting me
to deliver an oration before you, but the notice was too short to al-
low me to prepare one befitting the occasion, and I will simply make
a few plain remarks — I will talk to you as I do my own beloved Con-
gregation.
20 ORATION BY
When tho honorable gentleman was reading the Declaration of
Independence, my mind was carried back to those days, and how long
and how hard wera the struggles through which those brave patriots
passed to achieve their Independence from the British yoke, and
1 hope I may be spared to sec the day come that we can call our
own Independence day, when we shall have all the rights of free-
men. We have once been a nation, the first monarch that ever sat
upon a throne wag an African .
Allow me, Gentlemen and Ladies, to present you a golden chain
with seven golden links.
The first link is Union.
The dying words of Washington, were " United we stand, divided
we fall," and the truth of those words have been verified in the his-
tory of the present rebellion. Look at the Anglo-Saxon race, one
of the greatest nations of the earth of the present day, a nation
whose banner floats over every sea, and respected and feared b}~ all
nations. What do wo behold ? One of the bloodiest wars that ever
•uraed a nation, struggling for ex i stance. Blood and treasure poured
oul like water. This is the result of disunion. Brethren, if any peo-
ple in the world ought to be united, it is the African race of
America?
It has always been the grand object of the Southern portion of the
white race to keep tho black man disunited by fostering aud en-
*
couraging tale-bearing from the kitchen to the house. Telling news
upon eae'.i other has been practised to an alarming extent ! This
must be stopped. If we have been bad, we must change our course
and be good. We are just emerging out of darkness into light. The
eyes of the whole world are turned towards the Africans of America
to see what will become of them. Let us be united, and help each
other.
Let us take for example tho German and Irish who come to our
me without a penny ; did you ever have one to come to
you for a place to sleep only one night? Xo. And why ! Because
those who were here before them always made a provision for their
own ; they would unite and assist their countrymen until they could
REV. AV. A. DOVE. 21
help themselves. And this is the secret of their success in life. And '
we must do the same if we ever expect to be a people.
He also referred to the story of the bundle of sticks in the Bible.
The second link is industry. We must be industrious if we wish
to disappoint the enemies of our race, and refute the base charge
that we are an indolent people and would starve if freed. When un-
der bondage some of us had to be smart to make money for our own
use to supply our wants and to enjoy ourselves. And now that we
have such great responsibilities resting upon us, it becomes us to be
i
more industrious.
The third link — look at a Yankee nation ; take them as our exemple
in this respect. When this war broke out, "chivalry" thought they
had all the money, as they had made a great deal from Uncle Sam.
But they spent it too freely. Not so with Mr. Yank ; he made his
money by hard work, both of brain and limb and he knew how to keep
it. Go if you will and call upon a New England or Western planter,
who was never known to wear a suit costing over ten dollars. Ask
him for money to help to carry on the war. Watch him; you will see
him go to his little bank (a hole in the ground) and bring 10 or 20
thousand dollars in hard cash, although he is but a poor farmer.
Where is the money that we have made in this city ? Gone, all was-
ted. Brethren, this is wrong in us ; economy is the road to wealth,
and we should pursue it.
The fourth link in the golden chain is Honesty, in persuing the
road to wealth, let honesty be our watchword. Cheating aud all
fraudulent practices should and must be driven from our midst. De-
ception has destroyed the colored race, and dishonesty has almost
destroyed the Union.
The fifth link is Temperance — deal carefully with that man des-
royer, "fire-water," as the Indian term it, be temperate in our meats
and drinks and in all things : by so doing we will always have all
a clear head and be ready for business attimes.
The sixth link is Piety. This virtue is necessary. Without it we
are not respected as we desire to be. With it we are respected and
trusted by all who know us. With Godly piety and fear we will be
22 ORATION BY REV. W. A. DOVE.
■constrained to be honest and industrious ; and having the love of
God in our hearts in all time of need, will know where and to whom
we can go for relief.
The seventh link is Intelligence.
Fellow-citizens, we must be intelligent before we can ever reach
that standard of elevation for which we are now striving, and before
we can expect to get our rights as freemen, we must first know how
to use them. We will in future have to deal with the Yankees, (I am
a Yankee,) and they work by the head. We must know something
about figures before we can cope successful with them.
When it comes to dollars and cents if we can keep up with them it
is all right ; but if they beat you in figures, they will pocket the
money and go on ; it will be none of their business if you loose your
money.
Educate your children.
In war we are the white man's equel ; in the dance his equel ; in
rough and tumble fist and skull fighting his superior ; but for the cul-
tivation of intellect, I must say, we are most of us iaferior to him In
former times, at the North, a handsome young man or women could
easily get married for their good looks, but things have now changed ;
they have discovered that true beauty lies in the brain. Hence an
intelligent and iudustrious person — let them be ever so homely — is
the first to marry ; they have learned to appreciate intelligence and
industry. Had our forefathers been intelligent, we never would have
been an oppressed, enslaved people. Had the Red Man of the forest
bees intelligent, his race, instead of being broken up and scattered
over the earth as they are, they would have been masters of the
North American continent to day. The want of intelligence has
In in a curse to the African as well as to other nations.
Gentlemen and Ladies, I am done ; be firm, be faithful and true to
your principles ami [>> yourselves, and this great and noble enterprise
will lie crowned with success.
Dr. R. Smith, Vice President elect, was called, but declined. Rev.
J.Reese, President of the Third District Union Ib-otherhood Associa-
tion, was called, he briefly addressed the audience touching upon the
ARTS ASSOCIATION. 23
various topics of the day, urging united action and the great necessi-
ty of patronizing each other in business. After which the meeting ad-
journed with singing. The benediction was pronounced by Rev. W.
A. Dove, pastor of St. James Chapel.
AMERICAN ARTS ASSOCIATION.
This Society was founded July 1st, 1864, through the exertions
of Dr. S. W. Rogers, Esau Carter, Henry Berryman, Dr. R. Smith,
Chas. Hughes and Joseph Lacy.
GRAND EXHIBITION OF ARTS.
A grand Exhibition of the " American Arts Association," by the
colored people of New Orleans, was held in the Lyceum Hall, over
the City Hall, on Monday, 1st August, 1864, in honor of Emancipation
in the British West India Islands, at the date of the Coronation of
her Britannic Majesty, Queen Victoria, in 1834.
At 10 o'clock oh the morning of the 1st, the colored people began
to assemble at the first Baptist Church, Rev. N. D. Sanders, pastor,
from all parts of the city, with duplicates of their various Trades of
domestic Arts. At 11 o'clock the procession formed and took up the
line of march to the City Hall, under the direction of the following
named Grand Oflicers :
24
ARTS ASSOCIATION.
Grand Marshal, First District, ESAU CARTER.
Second District, CHARLES IIUGHES,
Third District, R. SMITH, EDWARD SIMMS.
Fourth District, HENRY BERRYMAN.
Capt. E. MILLER, Grand Marshal of the Day.
Rev. Dr. ROGERS, Orator of the Day.
At half past eleven o'clock, the procession was seated in Lyceum
Hall with all the specimens of their industry laid upon the different
tables, for the inspection of invited guests and the public at largo.
In front of the President's chair, was placed upon a beautiful
mahogny table the bronze bust of Capt. Andre Caillou, who fell on
the field of battle before Port Hudson, in defence of the United
States Government. On different tables were spread all the various
works of nature's hand; and many spectators expressed much but.
prise to see so many specimens of the industry of the colored people,
before unknown to them. At 12 o'clock Capt. E. Millier, Grand
Marshal of the day, reported to Mr. Esau Carter, President, that
all was ready. The President then declared the house in order for
business, and introduced, Rev. Dr. Rogers orator of the day, who
came forward in his usual calm manner and acquitted himself before
the AmericartyArts Association with all the eloquence of an orator.
After the oration and other addresses, the President of the Asso-
ciation, invited the guests to walk round and inspect the various
works of art and industry on exhibition. A Committee was also
appointed to destribute prizes to different persons, in token of the
high respect for their skill, a list of which will be seen immediately
following the Oration.
Resolutions were adopted, calling a Grand National Fair in New
Orleans, on the 1st of January, 1865; under the authority and pro-
tection of the Government, State and City, All passed off quietly.
The President, with many ladies, Grand Officers, Orator of the Day,
and many friend-, retired to the residence of Rev. N. D. Sanders,
where a large table of refreshments awaited them, spread with all
the delicases of the season, ifter they had enjoyed themselves as
friends and christians, they all parted in friendship and retired to
their respective places of abode.
SPEECH
Of the Rev. S. W. Rogers, delivered at the opening of the Exhibition
of the " American Arts Association" under the auspices of the
Colored Societies, at Lyceum Hall, New Orleans, La. on the 1st
of August, 1864, in celebration of "Emancipation" in the West
India Islands.
Fellow Citizens:
The records of the past anniversaries of this auspicious day,
warrant this great assembly, which in concurrence, with our foreign
brethren, join in the celebration of " Freedom's Jubilee."
On the 12th October, 1492, some three hundred and seventy two
years ago, Columbus first discovered land in America. May 5th, 1494,
he discovered the W. India Islands, and in 1563, some three hundred
years ago, Slavery was first introduced into the West India Islands
by the English. In 1517, a patent was granted by Charles V for
an annual import of 4,000 Slaves, to Cuba, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico.
In 1020, slavery was introduced into the colony of Virginia by the
Dutch, who landed some twenty or more slaves and put them in.
market for sale.
In 1703, a duty of four pound sterling was levied upon every
slave imported into the colony of Massachusetts, which gives us
some idea of the intrinsic value of the same.
Thus flourished the unholy cause, until the coronation of her Bri-
tannic Majesty struck a final blow to its vitality, and brought about
the Anniversary which we hail with glad tidings of great joy.
As it is the ardent desire of the British Nation to rank high among
the powers that be ; it was not reasonable to suppose, that her sub-
jects would make a sacrifice of those Islands in one night, without a
lingering prejudice to the same. But let us look for a moment at the
world, its grandeur and the powers that be. Previous to the break-
26 SPEECH BY
ing out of this Rebellion, the population of the world, as estimated,
wag 1,284,138,000, of which 861,118,000 were Christians.
On the 13th August, 1581, the first Indian was baptised in Virginia.
In November, 1620, the first white child, was born in New England.
In 1632, the first Church was built in Boston.
There are 51 cities in the world, which contain from 100,000 to
200,000 inhabitants ; twenty-three cities which contain from 250,000
to 500,000 and twelve cities which contain over 500,000 each. Before
tin's war raged the population of Jerusalem was estimated at a little
over 20,000 souls, whilst that of London, was 3,500,000, the city of
Paris 2,000,000, St. Petersburg 000,000, Vienna 500,000, Berlin
500,000, Naples 500,000, Pekin 2,000,000, New York, 900,000, Phil-
adelphia 600,000.
But lot us look for a moment at the annual expenses of one of the
royal powers of earth, say that of England ; and we will there find
the annual expenses of the Royal Family alone of Great Britian to be
four millions dollars, of which the Royal Albert, during his life time,
received an annual salary of $200,000, although he rendered no other
assistance to the government than to introduce heirs to the crown .
The Queen's coachman, postillions and associates, receive an annual
salary of over $50,000 ; her milk bill $1,000 per year ; her hair
dresser $5,000 ; her wines alone $50,000; the diamonds and pre-
cious Stones that decorate the crown she wears at the opening of
parliament, cost the people o\' England the sum of $5,000,000.
Hut with all the earthly glories that decorate the Pritish throne,
she is still hostile to the American Government. Many acts of hos-
tility committed against the United States by the Cross of St. George
lie on the table of time Bubject to call. The burning of the American
steumer Caroline, on Lake Eric, some twenty years ago, by a British
subject named McCloud— the overhauling of American vessels in the
Gulf Stream, by her Britannic Majesty's war steamer Styx, in 1858 —
Mr. Roebuck's resolution before the British House of Commons, askimr
the recognition of the Southern Confederacy — Lord Clarendon's re-
marks to the lion. George M. Dallas, the American minister, in the
royal convention at London— again, the British Government's refusal
DR. ROGERS. 27
of admission to the American war steamer Kearsage to her docks for
repairs and granting full permission to the rebel privateer Alabama
for the same— and at the sinking of the Alabama by the Kearsarge,
we are informed, that British officers were fonnd on board the rebel
privateer in arms against the United States :
The foregoing facts are sufficient to justify the belief of an unfriend-
lv feeling upon the part of England towards this country.
But let us look for a moment at American industry. We find at
the breaking out of the present rebellion there were in the United
States 1515 iron works, 882 furnaces, 488 forges, 225 rolling mills,
which produced 850,000 tons iron per year, the value of which is
$50,000,000, and the principal labor employed was slave labor.
Since the breaking out of this unholy war the United States has
emancipated her slaves, armed them as freemen, partially wiped out
the rebellion, sunk the Alabama and is now on her march to Richmond.
Her Stripes and Stars wave over this hall, in ■which her sons and
daugters have assembled to exhibit to the world their handy work in
the domestic arts and sciences.
In this hall on the 11th May, 1864, by a sacred vote of the delegates
of the Free State Convention, then in session, a death blow was
struck at the accursed sin of American slavery. Then let us with
gratitude and cheers announce this as the Hall of Liberty I And
with gratitude painted upon every brow our colored ladies and gen-
tlemen have come up en masse to show to the world at large the arts
of their own industry — such as Music, Gallery of Arts, Dresses, Bon-
nets, Needle Work — Flowers, Lace, Socks, Segars, Horse Shoes,
Confectionery, Vegetation, Carpenter Work ; in fine, specimens of al-
most all branches of industry.
Let us return our heartfelt thanks to the Hon. Judge Durell, Pre-
sident, and the members of the Convention, who' by their sacred
votes, on the 11th May, 1864, struck a death blow to slavery in this
very hall.
And now since freedom has been declared, the colored people of
this State will never go back into slavery whilst God sets upon his
unclouded throne. The very thought of returning into slavery will
28
SPEECH BY
forever keep the colored man upon the field of battle fighting for
Liberty. Then let us be united as one man — lovers of our country's
flag, protecting our poor, respecting the rights granted us either by
the Legislature of the State or by the Congress of the nation — rights
which we seek only through proper qualification.
The colored man when armed and equipped for Avar knows no re-
treat in battle, preferring to lose his life on the field rather than lose
a victory.
Let foreign nations question the power of the United State. Gov-
ernment and agitate the same until war is declared, and then shall
the American Eagle with her Stars and Stripes in the rear, expand
her pinions and rise high above the clouds of every opposition, light
upon the pinnacle of fame, and proclaim herself the champion of the
world's freedom !
Then let us all unite as one people in defending our common
country, its flag, and our poor; knowing that our children arc receiv-
ing their daily education, under that golden order of Major General
Banks.
Then since we are thus far encouraged with our city Exhibition, let
us look forward to a greater theme, and let the colored people of this
Industrial League of Arts make ready to hold a Grand National Fair
in this city on the 1st day nf January, in honor of President Lincoln^
Emancipation Proclamation. •
Ij t each State be invited to send some work o( art of its own
industry. Lei a committee of colored gentlemen and ladies he ap-
pointed by the colored people of each State to take charge of their
g Is, Lo be directed to the care and protection of the Governor of
Louisiana, or the Mayor of New Orleans. The commanding General
will give us a bouse to .-tore our goods in.
Let there he a prize awarded to the colored people of the State that
produces the Bnesl work of art ; and also let the income be divided
a m: tin' poor colored people of each State that sends a committee
with specimens of her industry. The sales of goods and refreshments,
and the income at the door, would bring, I think, to the wants of
DR. ROGERS.
29
our poor colored people at home and abroad, the net profit of about
$50,000.
Such an Exhibition will undoubtedly arouse a great spirit of emu-
lation both North and South. New York, Pennsylvania, Massachu-
setts, Connecticut, Ohio, Rhode Island, Missouri and Michigan would
all send their committees with specimens of their industry of the
finest quality.
Will Louisiana stand still and let another State come here and take
the prize ? I think not ; and though she may lose in this friendly
contest, her artizans will never rest satisfied until they have proved
themselves the equal in skill of those from any part of the Union.
England called a world's Fair in London, which sent all foreign
powers in haste to their fields of art ; and the United States called a
world's Pair in New York, which caused foreigners to come over to
this side of the water with their various trades. Other foreign powers
followed suit with their fairs, until they have become great stimulants
to skill and industry.
Let us conclude with thanks and gratitude to Abraham Lincoln,
President of these United States, ; Lieut. Gen. Grant, Major Gens.
Butler, Banks, Canby, and Sickles ; Admirals Farragut and Porter ;
Col. Hanks, Rev. Mr. Conway, Thomas J. Duraut, W. R. Cram, H.
Train and A. Fernandez. We would especially return our thanks to
Col. A. C. Hills, editor of the Era, for the christian like manner in
which he has spoken through his press of the glorious cause of Free-
dom. To all other Union white men and women we return our
sincere thanks.
We mourn the loss of Capt. Andre Caillou and his brave compan-
ions, who fell at Port Hudson, in defence of the honor of his race
and his country's flag, and sympathise with their families and friends
in their bereavement.
L I S T (J F PRIZES
AWARDED AT THE
AMERICAN ARTS ASSOCIATION, NEW ORLEANS
'• Banks' March," Piece of Music, by Saiu'l Saner prize .
'• Romance of Mrs. Hanks" " " " prize.
Photographic Gallery, by Dr. S. W. Rogers prize.
Likeness of W. A. Dove, Gentlemen's First prize .
Likeness of Mr. II. Clay, '• Second prize.
Likeness of W. W. Ruby • " Third prize.
Likeness of Miss Luda Green Ladies' First prize.
Likeness of Mrs. Cora Ann Johnson Ladies' Second prize.
Likeness of Mrs. Parthina Lockwood " Third prize.
A work written by Dr. S. W. Rogers, called " Rogers' Composition'' prize.
Mrs. Elvira Johnson, muslin dress made to order prize.
Miss Alice Meilleur, crochet work prize.
Miss Anaise Meilleur, letters in needle work prize.
Miss Luda Green, Flowers in needle work prize.
Mrs. Maria Johnson, muslin buff dress prize.
Mrs. Susan Mitchell, pin cushion prize.
Mrs. Martha A. Rogers, bonnet for milliner prize.
Miss lane Day (laundress) tinting prize.
Little Miss Sarah Tooley, doll's dress prize.
Miss Elisabeth Humphreys, tidy crochet prize.
Mi- - Mary Turney, hemstitching prize.
Mrs. Maiia Young, gentlemen's pants prize.
Mrs. Josephine Turner, (laundress) fluting prize.
Mrs. Jane Roman, dress maker prize.
Mr. Florence Hewlett, bronze bust of Capt. Andre* Caillou prize.
Dr. Robert Smith, Dentist, style of sitting teeth prize.
LIST OF PRIZES. 31
Rev. N. D. Sanders, Holy Bible, Advice to Christians and Sinners prize.
Miss Mary Hawkins, head dress prize .
Miss Nancy Hughes, needle case and pin cushion prize .
Miss Nancy Hughes, national scarf prize.
Mrs. Winney Gibson, infant's shirt prize.
Mrs. Maria Rowan, lady' b dress prize .
Miss Willie Ann Porter, lace work prize .
Miss Mary Verrett, lace work and net prize .
Miss Harriet Wright, embroidery prize .
Miss Elizabeth Bailey, lady's dress prize.
Mrs. Elizabeth Bailey, head dress prize .
Mrs. Harriet Sheppard, (laundress) vest prize.
Mr. Jarne3 Turner, (blacksmith) horse shoe prize.
W. J. Coleman, (sail maker,) specimen sail prize.
Jessy AVinston, (tobacconist) manufactured tobacco prize.
Mrs. Amy Temple, sweet wafers prize .
Moses Reed, two cantelope melons prize .
John Franklin, specimen ears of corn prize.
Miss Lucinda Green, (confectioner.) ice cream prize.
Nelson Minor, shoe blacking prize .
Isaac Griffin, painter prize .
Mrs. Susan Green, (midwife) lot of babies. prize .
Charles H. Hughes, (baker.) loaf of bread prize.
Mra. Nancy Henry, (seamstress) shirts prize.
Henry Berryman, shoemaker, Government shoes prize.
And some other mmor prizes were also distributed.
fist 0f Ctalus in ?Ttto (Orleans,
WHOSE CONGREGATIONS ARE
COMPOSED EXCLUSIVELY OF COLORED PEOPLE.
WITH THE
NAMES OF THEIR SEVERAL PASTORS
— *-^ * m »
First African Baptist Rev. N. D. Sanders, pastor.
Second African do Rev. Ceo. Steptoe, Pastor.
Third African do Rev. J. Davenport, pastor.
Fourth African do. (St. Mark) Rev. R. H. Steptoe, pastor.
St. Thomas do. (branch St. Mark). Rev. S. W. Rogers, pastor.
St. James, A. M. E Rev. W. A. Dove, pastor.
Morris Brown, A. M. E Rev. C. C. Doughty, pastor.
Weslej Chapell, M. E Rev. Anthony Ross, pastor.
Winen Chapell, M. E Henry Green, pastor.
Sonic Chapell, M. E Rev. Scott Chinn, pastor.
\v
OFFICIAL DIRECTORY
OF THE
KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS
JURISDICTION
OF
N. & S. A., K, A., A. & A.
COMPILED BY
S. W. ST ARKS,
SUPREME CHANCELLOR,
CHARLESTON, WEST VIRGINIA.
DONNALLY PUBLISHING COMPANY,
Charleston, w. va.
1901.
Officers of the Supreme Lodge.
S. W. Starks, Charleston, \V. Va., - Supreme Chancellor.
L. M. Mitchell, Austin, Texas, - Suprem< V%& Chancellor.
J. C. Ross, Savannah. Ga., - - Past Supreme Chancellor.
C. D. White, Piqua, Ohio, - - Suprem< Prelate.
N. A. Twitty, Suffolk, Va., - - Suprem< Lecturer.
J. II. YOUNG, 405 Twelfth Street,
Pine Bluff, Ark., - - Suprerru Master of Exchequer.
C. K. Robinson, 3408 LaSalle Street,
St. Louis, Mo., - Sup'ferra Keeper of Records and Seal.
C. A. Shaw, Brunswick, Ga., - Suprenu Master- at- Arms.
Frank Bkown, Jr., New Orleans. La., Supreme Inner Chuard.
Alexander Johnson, St. Au£ustiue,
Fla., ------ Supremt Outer Guard.
Dr. A. L. Thompson, 118 Main St., Mem-
phis, Tenn . - - - Suprerru Medical Director.
K. K. Jackson, 3221 State Street, Chieaoro, 111.,
Major General Commanding Uniform Hank.
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100 Chicago st.
3130 Armour ave.
2833 Dearborn st.
3547 Dearborn st ,
114 N.Hickory st
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G. T. Kersey.
A. Valentine,
C. 1'. Housen,
R. B. Cabbell,
V. B. Waning,
S. L. Beatty.
.las Cottrell.
T. E. Dyer,
Wm. R. Carr,
Sain Amos,
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E. H. Smith.
C. W. Cothron,
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Jas. Carver,
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John Booker.
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722 Clifton st.
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614 S. 7th st.
722 Lombard,
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58 Official Directory
UNIFORM RANK.
Jurisdiction of N. A.t S. A., E., A., A. & A.
S. W. Starrs, Supreme Chancellor Commander-in-Chief,
Charleston, W. Va.
Robert R. Jackson, Major General Commanding, 3221 State
Street, Chicago, III.
STAFF :
Brig. Gen'l Joseph L. Jones. 1 234 Chapel Street, Cincinnati,0. ,
Adj. Gen'l and Chief of Stall'.
Brig. Gen'l A. C. CorHn, Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.,
Judge Advocate General.
Brig. Gen'l B. J. Carruthers, 2619 Lucas Ave., St. Louis, Mo ,
Inspector General.
Brig. Gen'l J. M. Hazlewood, 22£ Capitol St., Charleston, W. Va.,
Quar term lister General.
Brigadier General J. G. Griffin, Dallas, Texas,
Commissary General.
Brig. GenM Dv. E. P. Clemens, 1017 5th Street, Dayton, Ohio,
Surgeon (Jeneral.
Col Rev. George F. Huntley, Shreveport, La.,
( !haplain-in-Chief.
A1D-DE CAMPS ON MAJOR GENERAL'S STAFF.
VValter S. Tyler, Chicago, Illinois.
W. H. Turner, Columbia, Missouri.
Harry G. Ward, Cincinnati, Ohio.
D. F. Ferguson, Raymond City, West Virginia.
C. H. La Prade, Chattanooga, Tennessee.
L. D. Lyons, Austin, Texas.
Jesse II. Ringgold, Indianapolis, Indiana.
Knights or Pythias. 59
C. D. Creswill, Macon, Georgia.
Henry James, Jacksonville, Florida.
Albert Payne, Washington, District of Columbia.
J. L. Logan, Jones City, Oaklohoma Territory.
S. M. Davi?", Montgomery, West Virginia.
George C. Washington, Dutch Kills, New York.
J. J. Norris, Denver, Colorado.
Dr. John H. Tompkins, Cumberland, Maryland
W. E. Narcisso, Bluefields, Nicaragua, C. A.
ALABAMA.
H. Strawbridge, Brigadier General, 2007 Ave. A., Birmingham-
Damon Company, No. 1 Birmingham.
Capt. J. S. Stewart, 202 S. 20th Street.
Jas. A. Garfield, No. 2 Johns.
Capt. Young Williams, Belle Sumter.
Gulf City, No. 4 Mobile.
Capt. R. E. Johnson, 303 South Cedar Street.
ARKANSAS.
J. T. T. Warren, Brigadier General Box 46, Hot Springy,
Little Rock, No. 1 Little Rock.
Capt. R. M. Hammond, 1507 High Street
Plateau, No. 2 Hot Springs.
Capt. J. C. Ganter, Hot Springs,
Sampson Co. No. 4 Hot Springs.
Capt. J. R. Smith, 32 Wahoo Street.
CALIFORNIA.
T. A. Brown, Brig. Gen'l, 1024 Jackson Street, San Francisco.
Albert Co. No. 1 . . .San Francisco.
Capt. John A. Howard, 3 Williams Street.
60 Official Directory,
COLORADO.
J. J. Morris, Colonel, Denver.
Etna Co. No. 1. Denver
Capt. H. L. B. Dinorimin, 38 Corbett Street.
Pike's Peak, No. 2 Pueblo.
William Jones, Pueblo.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
Horatio N. Smith, Brig. General, 36 Patterson Street, N. E.,
Washington.
Henry C. Garnet, No. 1 ... Washington.
Capt. Henry Tudy, 1441 P. Street, N. W.
Charles Sumner Co. No. 2 Washington.
Capt. Paris Bussey, 1237 25th Street, N. W.
FLORIDA.
D. Taylor, Brig. Genl, W: Union Street, Jacksonville.
Eastern Star, No. 1 St. Augustine.
Capt. I). G. Adgers, 123 Poraar Street.
Excelsior Co. No. 2 ........ .Jacksonville.
Capt. B. Murray, !»1H Bridge Street.
Victoria Co. No. 3 Key West.
Capt. Lace Irvin, l(»06 Howe Street.
GEORGIA.
J. C. Ross, Brig. Getfl, 527 Gwinott Street, Savannah.
Joshua Co. No. 2 Savannah.
Capt. Frank J. Hilton. 6bl Park Ave.
Seaside Co. No. 5 Brunswick.
Capt. E. V. Cooper, 200 Wolf Street.
Union Co. No. 6 Macon.
Capt. L. B. Bennett, 157 Green Street.
Knights of Pythias. 61
Chas. A. Catledge Co. No. 7 Americas.
Capt. B. W. Warren, Americus.
Eureka Co. No. 8 . Albany.
Capt. Chas. H. McCartha, Albany.
ILLINOIS.
J. E. Wright, Brig. Gen'l, 2955 Dearborn Street, Chicago.
Crispus Attacks Co. No. 1 • • Chicago.
Capt. George H. Carter, 394 39th Street.
Banner Co. No. 3 Chicago.
Capt. G. A. Nevels, East 21st Street.
Illinois Co. No. 4 Chicago.
Capt. Fank B. Crau-haw, 3010 La Salle Street.
Havanna Co. No. 5 Chicago.
Capt. Edward Butler, 666 Madison Street.
Damon Co. No 6 ... Greenville.
Capt. Joel T. Lloyd, Cartersville.
Lovejoy Co. No. 7- . Alton.
Capt. Henry W. Jameson, Upper Alton.
L'Overture No. 8 . . Danville.
Capt. J. M. Batchman, 319 East Madison Street.
Chivalric Chicago.
Capt, Robert W. Harper, 510 South State Street.
INDIANA.
Damon Co. No. 1 Indianapolis.
Capt. John Edlen, 322 W. Vermont.
KENTUCKY.
D. S. Miller, Brig. Gen'l, Box 506 Paris.
lvanhoe Co. No. 2 Louisville.
Capt Louis L. Watson, 1212 Eleventh Street.
Garfield Co. No. 7 Paris.
Capt, William Steubren, Paris.
62 Official Director!
Maceo Co. No. 8 Lexington.
Capt. .J. H. Wilkerson, 9 So. Limestone Street.
Grenadier Co., No. 11 Louisville.
Capt Perry Rashsord, L422 W. Green Street.
MISSISSIPPI.
W.
T. Jones, Brig. Gen'l, 108 Cray ton Street, Vicksburg.
V
atchez Co No. 1 Natchez.
Capt. C. H. Russell, Natchez.
Hill City Co. No. 5 Vicksburg.
Capt. R. T. Goldsby, 312 Washington St., N. Vicksburg.
MISSOURI.
It. C. Carter, Brig. Gen'l, 2217 Gratiot St., St. Louis.
Pythian Co. No. 1 St. Louis.
Capt R II. Barton, LCI*. \ Morgan Street,
Far West Co. No 2 St. Louis.
Capt. P. T. Emery, 2638 Lucas Street.
Mound City Co. No, 3 St. Louis.
Capt. Robert L. Jones, 4Tlt> Washington Boulevard.
Columbian Battle A.xe Co. No. 4 St. Louis.
Capt. William F. Hyde, 2835 Adams Street,
MARYLAND.
John II. Thompkins, Colonel, Cumberland, Aid.
Maceo Co. No. 1 Cumberland.
Capt. A. G. Washington, Cumberland.
MINNESOTA.
Wm. R.Morris, Brig. Gen'1,807 Guaranty Building, Minneapolis.
Hennepin Co. No. 1. Minneapolis.
Capt. C. L. BrittaD, 211 Washington Ave.. N.
Knights of Pythias. 63
Pride of the West, Co. No, 3 Minneapolis.
Capt. William J. Clark, 63 L Fifth Street.
NICARAGUA, CENTRAL AMERICA.
W. E. Narcisso, Colonel, Blnefield.
Rosebud Co. No. 1 Bluefield
Capt. Jacob Brooks, Blnefield.
NEW JERSEY.
A. F. Davidson, Brig. Gen1!, 122 Michigan Ave.
Alpha Co. No. 1 Atlantic City.
Capt. Andrew Paul, 132 Michigan Ave.
NEW YORK.
Chivalric Co. No. 1 New York.
Capt. C. Chas. S. Bruce, 449 Seventh Ave.
OHIO.
E. B. F. Johnson, Brig. GenM, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Palestine Co. B, 1st Keg Cincinnati.
Capt. S. T. Sneed, 725 Barr St.
Elite Co. I, 1st Reg Piqua.
Capt. George Gross, 714 West Boone Street.
Excelsior Co. E. 1st Reg . . . Cincinnati.
Capt. Charles A Schooley, 757 YV. Court Street.
Langston Co. F, 1st Reg Cincinnati.
Capt. Sidney L. Williams, 846 Wehrman Avenue
Enterprise Co. F., 2d Reg • Columbus.
Capt. R. F. Johnston, 76 Star Ave.
Gold Leaf Co. 2nd Reg Youngstown.
Capt. Chris S. Hamilton, 638 Mt. Pleasant Street.
64 Official Director!
Capital City Co. H, 2nd Reg Columbus.
Capt. F. D. Lowry, 1542 AYalsh Avenue.
Pride of East Co. E, 2nd Reg. . . Steubenville.
Capt. Scott A. Wise, Steubenville, Ohio.
Admiral Co. M.... Gallipolis.
Capt. J. L. Anderson, Gallipolis.
Forest City Co. B, 2d Reg Cleveland.
Capt. W. A. IN .well. 38 Vine Street.
OKLAHOMA TERRITORY.
J. L. Logan, Colonel, Jones City, O. T.
Christopher Columbus Co. No. I ... .Oklahoma City,
Capt. Thomas Edwards, 322 West Grand Avenue.
PENNSYLVANIA.
Jos. E. Murray, Brig. (Jen1!, 412 Arch St., Philadelphia.
Keystone Co. No. 4 ... Philadelphia
Capt. Henry Hammond, 830 Lombard Street.
Chester Co. No. 7 Chester
Capt. David Wansley, 340 East 14th Street.
St. Mark Co. No. 21 Philadelphia
Capt. Ed, Kennedy, 625 Pine Street.
TENNESSEE.
J. D. Fagla, Brig. Gen'l, 8(H) E. 8th Street, Chattanooga.
Hub City Co. No. 1 Chattanooga
Capt. A. W. Mauldin, 706 E. 8th Street.
Pride of East Co, No. 2 Knoxville
Capt. W. L. Zimmermen, 312 Lee Street.
TEXAS.
L. M. Mitchell, Brig. Gen'l, Austin.
Twin City Co. No. 6 Texarkana.
Capt. G. E. Powell, 216*4 State Street
Knights of Pythias. 65
Mt. Franklin Co. No. ii El Paso.
Capt. J. R. Ford, 408 Santa Fe Street.
Mission Co. No. 12 San Antonio
Capt. J. F. Van Duzor, Santonio.
Foster's Co. No. 13 Paris
Capt. R. S. Thweatt, Paris.
Evergreen Co. No. 14 Denison
Capt. D. W. Walton, Denison.
VIRGINIA.
John Mitchell, Jr., Brig. General, 311N,^4th Street, Richmond.
Eureka Co. No. 1 Richmond.
Capt. Bobert S Nelson, L West Duval Street.
National Co. No. t> Norfolk.
Capt. Alex Jones. 344 Brewer Street.
Planet Co. No. 8 . • • • Richmond.
Capt. Thomas M. Crump, 502 W. 2nd Street.
Manning Co. No. 13 Portsmouth.
Capt. D. White, 821 Queen Street.
Joseph T. Wilson Co. No. 14 ... . Hampton.
Capt. Samuel E, Blue, Box 33, Hampton.
Peerless Co. No. 15 Lynchburg.
Capt. W. J. Wells, 1006 5th Street, Lynchburg.
Maceo Guards, No. 16 Newport News.
Capt. Philip Brown, P. O. Box 679, Newport News.
Pride of Berkley Co. No. 17 Berkley.
Capt. Moses Perry, Berkley, Va.
LWEST VIRGINIA.
James A. Campbell, Brig. Gen'l, 28 Summers Street. Charleston
Carlon Co. No. 1 Charleston
Capt. John S. Mickev, Craigs Street.
Hercules Co. No. 2 Wheeling
Capt. W. D. Scott, Wheeling.
66 Official Dihectoky.
Golden Rule Co. No. '6. Raymond City
Capt. H. Woods, Raymond City.
Damon Co. No. 4. .... . . Huntington
Capt J. H. Carter, 711 2d Avenu*-.
Lincoln Co. No. 5. . Montgomery
Capt. J. S Page, Montgomery.
Stringer Co. No 7. . . Elkhorn
Capt. D. L. Page. Box 14, Elkhorn.
Blooming City Co. No. 8 McDonald
Capt. Ottavvay Hunter, McDonald.
Payne Co. No. 9 Mt. Carbon
Capt. Aaron Reid, Mt. Carbon.
Puschkin Co. No. i3 Clarksburg.
Capt. S, H. Guss, Clarksburg,
Evening Star Co. No. 14 Keystone.
Capt. John Curry, Keystone.
Garfield Co. No. 15 . Lawton
Capt. J. W. Lewis, Quinni i ont.
Douglas Co. No. 16 Thomas.
Capt. S. J. Crank, Thomas.
Santiago Co. No. 18 Bramwell
Capt. R. C. Crute, Freeman.
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