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PROCEEDINGS 


OF THE 


ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 


OF PHILADELPHIA. 


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1861. 


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OF THE 


ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 


OF PHILADELPHTA., 


1860. 


January 3d. 


Vice President BripGEs in the Chair. 


Forty members present. 

Papers were presented for publication entitled, 

‘‘ Descriptions of new species of fossils, probably Triassic, from Vir- 
ginia,”” by Wm. M. Gabb. 

‘‘ Descriptions of new species of Cretaceous Fossils,” by Wm. M. 
Gabb. 

“ Catalogue of the shell-bearing Mollusca found in the vicinity of Mo- 
hawk, N. Y.,” by James Lewis, M. D. 

Permission being granted, the Report of the Biological Department 
for December was read and ordered to be printed with the Proceed- 
ings of the month. 


Mr. Lea, in referring to the death of Augustus E. Jessup, one of our old 
members, mentioned that the deceased was elected in 1818, and that 
he had been an ardent student of mineralogy and a most persevering 
collector, being in the habit of visiting on foot and collecting largely from dis- 
tant localities. In 1819 he accompanied Major Long’s expedition to the Rocky 
Mountains as mineralogist and geologist, and handed in his report to the Depart- 
ment, but for some reason, unknown at present, it was not inserted in the 
Journal of that Expedition as published. Having entered into an active busi- 
ness career, in which he was eminently successful, he retired in the year 
1853 with an ample fortune, having made many friends by his probity, punc- 
tuality and liberality. He was frank and open in his manners, prompt and 
just in his dealings and liberal in his views. While immersed in the cares of 
a large business, he did not forget his early attachment to the Academy. He 
was unable, from his residence being at some distance, to attend the meetings, 
but he watched with pleasure the growth and usefulness of our institution, 
and was always ready to contribute liberally to promote the objects of Natural 
History. He died suddenly, on the 17th day of December, 1859, at his resi- 
dence in Wilmington, Del., in his 63d year. 

In conclusion Mr. Lea offered the following resolutions : 

Resolved, That in the decease of our fellow member, Augustus E. Jessup, we 
have lost an old, esteemed and valued associate, who, through a long and suc- 


1860.] 1 


2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


cessful career had not ceased to promote the objects, which, in early life, at- 
tached him to the study of Natural History. 

Resolved, That while the members are sensible of the loss they have sus- 
tained, they are not forgetful of the sorrows of his afflicted family, to whom 
they offer their condolence. 


Which were adopted. 


January 10th. 
Mr. Lea, President in the Chair. 


Forty-nine members present. 

The following papers were presented for publication : 

‘‘ Appendix to the paper entitled New Genera and Species of North 
American Tipulide with short palpi,” by R. Osten Sacken. 

‘¢ Contributions to American Lepidopterology, No. 3,” by Brackenridge 
Clemens, M. D. 

Mr. Lea having stated some facts in relation to the history of Anthre- 
cite, Dr. Pickering mentioned that Mr. Shoemaker’s first load of An- 
thracite was taken to the factory of Mr. Samuel Wetherill, at the cor- 
ner of 12th and Cherry streets, but in consequence of the impossibility 
of burning it, it was buried. 

Permission being granted, the following resolutions were passed, in 
relation to the application made this evening by Dr. Evans, for the co- 
operation of the Academy, in his efforts to transport the meteorite now 
lying near Port Orford, W. T. 

Resolved, That the Academy will cheerfully co-operate with Dr. 
Evans in his endeavors to rescue for science the meteorite of Washing- 
ton Territory. 

Resolved, That a Committee of three be appointed to prepare a 
memorial in such form as may, in their opinion, conduce to the carrying 
out of the views of Dr. Evans, a draft of the same to be reported at the 
next meeting. 

The death of Peter A. Browne, late a member of the Academy, at 
Philadelphia, on the 9th instant, was announced. 


January 7th. 


Mr. Lea, President, in the Chair. 


Forty-five members present. 

‘The following papers were presented for publication : 

“ Additional new species of Fossils to a paper by T. A. Conrad.” 
¥ “ Notes on the nomenclature of North American Fishes,” by Theo. 

ill. 

‘“* On the pertinence of Alosa teres, Dekay, to the genus Dussumieza, 
Vai.,” by Theo. Gill. 

Pursuant to the order of the last meeting the Committee to prepare 
a memorial in aid of Dr. Evans’ attempts to procure the meteorite 
near Port Orford, W. T., reported and was discharged. 


[Jan. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 3 


January 24th. 
Vice President BrrpGcEs in the Chair. 


Forty members present. 
A paper entitled the Mexican Humming Birds, No.1, by Rafael 
Montes de Oca was presented for publication. 


Mr. Lea exhibited some specimens of Unionide, and remarked that he had 
often been asked as to the number of species which inhabited the United 
States, a question he could not answer, as he had never made a separate cata- 
logue of such species. Recently he had been requested by the Secretary of the 
Smithsonian Institution to furnish a list for publication by that Institution, 
which he had just finished and sent to Washington. In making the list he 
had used the manuscript which he had prepared for a new and enlarged edi- 
tion (4) of his ‘‘ Synopsis.’? From the list he had carefully eliminated the 
synonyms, and there remained in it the extraordinarily large number of 
five hundred and twenty species which have been described, inhabiting the 
Rivers, Lakes and Pools of the United States and Territories, and he stated 
that he had some 30 to 40 in his possession not yet named or described. 

These 520 may be thus divided :— 


Unio, . : 4 : - 4 ; A . 441 species. 

Margaritana, : 5 : . : : : 26 do. 

Anodonta, . - : > . : - . 53 do. 
520 


New species in Mr. Lea’s possession, but yet not described, 30 

550 
Mr. Lea further remarked that it was very probable that at least 100 more 
species would be added to this list, as inhabiting within the present limits of 
the United States, as almost every naturalist, searching in unexplored waters, 
was constantly discovering new forms. In reflecting on the profusion of this 
kind of animal life in the United States, the naturalist is astonished at the 
great number of forms characteristic of the various species, and he is the more 
struck with the extent of it, when a comparison is made with the smali num- 
ber of species which inhabit the continent of Europe, there not being in the 
fresh waters of that quarter of the globe more perhaps than ten species, viz: 
seven Uniones, ene Margaritana, one Monocondylwa, and one Anodonta. Mr. 
Lea stated that he had taken great pains to procure specimens from all parts 
of Europe, and he was satisfied that there were 98 synonyms made by Euro- 
pean authors, for the single species of Anodonta cygnea, Draparnaud, the 
Mytilus cygneus of Linneus, and the synonymy is nearly as profusely erroneous, 

in Unio pictorum, Unio tumidus, Unio Batavus and Unio littoralis. 


Mr. Slack remarked, in connection with the bones presented this evening, 
that they were discovered some two weeks since by Mr. O. C. Herbert, in his 
marl pits, near Marlborough, Monmouth Co., N. J., at a depth of twenty-five 
feet beneath the surface. Having received information of their discovery from 
Mr. Hopper, of Freehold, on Monday week, Mr. 8. visited the pits and pro- 
cured the specimens from Mr. H. They consist of fragments of the femur 
and fibula of the Mosasaurus, and are of great interest, the long bones of this 
reptile having until recently been unknown. 


On motion of Mr. Slack, the thanks of the Academy were ordered 
to be tendered to Messrs. J. M. Hopper and O. C. Herbert, of Mon- 
mouth Co., N. J., and also to Mr. Edward L. Perkins, for donations 
presented by them. 


1860.] 


4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Jan. 31st. 
Mr. Lea, President, in the Chair. 


Forty-four members present. 

The report of the Biological Department for the present month was 
read. 

On report of a Committee of the Biological Department, the paper en- 
titled ‘ Remarks on errors in the Anatomical Diagnosis of Cancer, by 
J. J. Woodward, M. D.,” was recommended for publication in a Medical 
Journal. 

On report of the respective Committees the following papers were 
ordered to be published in the Journal of the Academy : 

‘‘ Reflections upon the nature of the temporary star of the year 1572, 
an application of the Nebular Hypothesis, by Alexander Wilcox, M.D.” 

“ Descriptions of New Cretaceous and Hocene Shells of Mississippi 
and Alabama, also with notes on Kocene fossil shells, by T. A. Conrad.’’ 

“‘ Descriptions of new species of Fossils, probably Triassic, from Vir- 
ginia, by W. M. Gabb.” 

‘‘ Descriptions of new species of Cretaceous fossils, by W. M. Gabb.” 

“ Additional new species of Fossils to a paper by T. A. Conrad.” 

And the following in the Proceedings : 


Contributions to American Lepidopterology.—No. 3. 
BY BRACKENRIDGE CLEMENS, M. D. 
TINEINA. 


The plan of these papers will hereafter be changed, and no diagnosis 
of genera will be given, except when there is doubt respecting the identity of 
the European and American groups, and when the genera are new. The in- 
tention of giving some conception of the systematic arrangement of the group 
Tineina will therefore be abandoned, and the subsequent papers be confined 
simply to the description of species. I find myself compelled to adopt this 
course, in consequence of perceiving, as I advance in the recognition of generic 
groups, that the diagnoses of the families heretofore cited are too limited, and 
that, in order to represent my conception of these groups, I shall be obliged 
to make them more comprehensive. These changes, together with generic 
synopses of the families, will be best treated in a monograph of the Tineina, 
which will be undertaken as soon as the collection of the writer represents, 
with some degree of completeness, the genera found in our country. In order 
that the accomplishment of this may not be too long delayed, contributions of 
specimens are respectfully solicited from collectors, either in accordance with 
the call from the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, in the Report for 
1858, or the request made at the present time. Contributions may be sent to 
the Smithsonian Institution, or to myself, but, in the latter case, the charges 
for carriage must be prepaid ; and should the contributor desire it, a suite of 
named specimens will be returned to him. Full directions for the collection 
and preservation of Lepidoptera are contained in the Smithsonian Report for 
1858, and may be had on application to the Secretary of the Institution. 


CoLEoPHoRA Zeller. 


Stalk of antenne clothed with erect scales to the middle. 
C.coruscipennella.—Labial palpi and head bronzy green. Antenne, 


[Jan. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 5 


basal half bronzy green, with a reddish violet reflection ; terminal half white, 
annulated with brown. Fore wings uniform, bronzy green, with the apical 
portion reddish violet, or of a reddish, coppery hue. Hind wings dark brown ; 
cilia the same. 


Stalk somewhat thickened, wiih scales not erected. 


C. laticornella.—Labial palpi and head brownish ochreous. Antenne 
pale brownish ochreous towards the base, becoming white with an ochreous 
tinge toward the tip, and annulated with dark brown throughout. Fore wings 
rather deep, uniform brown, with a whitish ochreous streak along the costa, 
from the base to the costo-apical cilia, narrowing behind, and not reaching 
beyond the subcostal nervure. Hind wings rather dark brown; cilia the same. 


Antennal stalk simpie; basal jo‘nt thickencd with scales. 


C. ce nosipennella.—Labial palpi and head white. Antenne white, 
annulated with dark brown ; basal joint white. Fore wings dull yellow, with 
a white streak along the basal portion of inner margin, one along the costa, 
and one along the subcostal nervure, separated from the former by a narrow 
line of the general hue; an oblique, white streak along the disk, and inclined 
to the inner angle, and one in the fold, with three rather faint, oblique, white 
streaks between the terminal portions of the costal and discal streaks. Hind 
wings rather dark gray ; cilia fulvous. 


C. infuscatella.—Labial palpi brownish gray. Head pale leaden gray, 
whitish on the sides and above the eyes. Antenne gray, annulated with dark 
brown. Fore wings grayish brown, with a white streak along the costa to the 
tip, and one along the inner margin; a white streak along the fold, and one 
parallel to it along the middle of the wing, and somewhat dilated on the inner 
margin ; cilia grayish brown. Hind wings gray; cilia the same. 


C. cretaticostella.—tLabial palpi white. Head white, tinged with 
yellowish. Antenne white, annulated with brownish. Fore wings shining 
yellow, with rather a broad white streak along the costa, extended nearly to 
the tip ; somewhat streaked with ochreous, and the tip rather deep ochreous. The 
inner margin of the wing is whitish. Hind wings ochreous brown; cilia the 
same. ; 

IncvRVARIA Haworth. 


I. russatella.—Head ochreous. Antenne dark brown, ochreous at the 
base, and annulated with ochreous. Thorax purplish brown. Fore wings 
deep fuscous, with a beautiful purple reflection. Near the base of the wing 
is a very pale yellow band, broadest on the inner margin, and a costal and 
dorsal spot of the same hue opposite each other, a little beyond the middle of 
the wing. Hind wings pale fuscous tinged with purplish red ; cilia pale brown. 


The wing structure of the following species departs from that of the genus. 
Both wings are pointed, the fore wings with a single discal nervure, given off 
to the inner margin and the hind wings with two discal nervules branching 
from a common stalk. 


I. Acerifoliella.—Ornix Acerifoliella Fitch, Reports, 1 and 2, p. 269. 
Head reddish ochreous. General hue a fine metallic green ; fore wings without 
markings. I am indebted to the kindness of Dr. Fitch for a specimen of this 


insect. 
PiLutretta Schrank. 


P. vigilaciella.—Head white, with fuscous before and behind the eyes. 
Labial palpi white ; exterior of second joint fuscous. Antenne ochreous, an- 
nulated with white, especially towards the tips. Thorax white; tegule dark 


1860.] 


6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


fuscous. Fore wings white, streaked with ochreous, with a dark ochreous streak 
at the base of the fold, margined on the inner side with dark brown. The 
inner border, from near the base to the tip of the wing, is closely dotted with 
dark brown; and on the costa, toward the tip, are a few dots of the same hue, 
and in the middle of the wing an elongated dark brown dot ; cilia white and 
dark brown intermixed. Hind wings dark gray. Abdomen dark gray. 


P. limbipennella.—Head pale ochreous. Labial palpi whitish : tuft dark 
brown. Antenne brown, slightly annulated with white. Thorax yellowish 
white ; tegule dark brown. Fore wings cinereous brown, dusted with dark 
brown, with a dark brown sinuated streak along the fold, and the inner mar- 
ginal portion of the wing pale yellowish white, with three rounded projections 
toward the fold. Hind wings brown, with a purplish hue; cilia brownish 
ochreous. Abdomen dark brown. 


P. mollipedella.—Head and thorax pale brownish ochrecus. Fore 
wings pale brownish ochreous, somewhat paler along the costa, and dotted 
with dark brown, with a fuscous, sinuated streak in the fold, narrowly edged 
with ochreous gray. The inner marginal portion of the wing pale brownish 
ochreous, with three projections toward the fold, and the inner border dotted 


with dark brown to the tip of the wing. Hind wings dark gray ; cilia brownish 
ochreous. 


GRACILARIA Zeller. 


G. superbifrontella.—Lahial palpi yellow, tipped with brownish. An- 
tenne dull yellow, with very faint brownish rings. Head stramineous, 
tinged with reddish violet on the forehead. Thorax stramineous, with tegule 
externally striped with reddish violet. Fore wings beautiful reddish violet, 
with a shining stramineous patch on the inner margin at the base, and a large 
costal triangle of the same hue, reaching almost across the wing, and extending 
along the costa from the basal third, nearly to the apex. Hind wings black- 
ish gray ; cilia dark fuscous. 

This insect must approach very closely the European Swederella. 

The larva may be found, in the middle of July, in cones, on the leaves of 
Hamamelis Virginica (Witch Hazel), and the imago appears early in 
August. The head of the larva is pale green; body pale green, darker 
colored by the ingesta, with the tenth ring whitish, and the cervical shield 
pale brown. 


G. fulgidella.—Head and antenne yellowish white. Fore wings white, 
with a silvery lustre, with a dark brown blotch near the base, not extended 
across the wing. Rather beyond the middle of the wing is a broad, dark 
brown band, with the exterior margin darkest, and sharply angulated just above 
the inner margin. The apical portion of the wing contains two rather broad, 
dark brown costal streaks, somewhat confluent in the middle of the wing, 
with a white costal spot between them. The extreme apex of the wing is 
dark brown, with a white costal streak before it, and opposite the costal white 


spot is another, at the interior angle, sometimes two not distinctly separated. 
Hind wings dark fuscous; cilia the same. 


G. venustella.—Labial palpi white, with a blackish spot near the mid- 
dle, and one near the tip. Antenne dark brownish. Head silvery white. 
Fore wings dark cinereous, with a purplish hue, and white along the inner mar- 
gin from the base to the middle. At the basal third of the wing is a small, 
white costal spot ; three oblique, equidistant, slender white bands, dark mar- 
gined on both sides, the jirst about the middle of the wing, the second and 
third converging at the inner margin, with a white spot at the extreme apex, 
dark-margined on both sides by short streaks ; cilia cinereous and white in- 
termixed. Hind wings blackish gray; cilia rather paler. 


{Jan. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. i 


“G.strigifinitella.—Labial palpi yellowish white, dotted with dark 
brown, and with two;dark brown rings before the tip. Head and antenne 
dull yellow. Fore wings brownish gray suffused with dark brown, with the 
inner margin, from near the base to the middle, varied with white and dark 
brown ; on the middle of costa a white streak, and a few small, costal, dark 
brown blotches. Near the tip, on the inner margin, a slender, very oblique 
white streak, dark margined on both sides, which crosses an oblique streak of 
the same hue from the costa, likewise dark-margined on both sides above the 
streak from the inner margin, and curved beneath, forming a white hinder- 
marginal line in the cilia, beneath the tip, and extending nearly to the apex 
of the wing. Beyond these, toward the base, in the apical third of the wing, 
are two oblique, dark brown costal streaks, with a short, white one between 
them, the first irregular and somewhat diffused, the second margined behind 
with brownish yellow. Apical portion of the wing dark brown. Hind wings 
dark brown; cilia somewhat paler. 


G. violacella.—Head and face pale yellowish, tinged with reddish 
violet. Labial palpi yellowish white, annulated at the tip with brownish. 
Fore wings with the external half pale, shining, cream yellow, interior half 
suffused with a pale violet iridescence. About the middle of the costa are a 
few separated blackish brown dots, and in the middle of the wing a blackish 
brown comma spot, and near the tip an atom of the same hue. The posterior 
part of the fold somewhat suffused with fuscous ; cilia reddish fuscous. Hind 
wings dark gray, with a reddish tinge; cilia reddish fuscous. 


ARGYRESTHIA Htibner. 


A. oreasella.—tLabial palpi silvery white. Head silvery white; fore- 
head and face faintly tinged with pale golden brown. Antenne silvery, annu- 
lated with dark brown. Fore wings silvery white, with a pale golden brown 
streak at the base of the costa. About the middle of the wing is an oblique, 
dark golden brown band, broadest on the inner margin, and tapering to the 
costa, beyond which is a narrower, oblique band of the same hue produced in 
the middle, as a rather broad, somewhat curved streak toward the tip, behind 
which it is arrested; cilia pale golden brown, with a darker hinder-marginal 
line; hind wings dark gray; cilia the same. 

Another specimen, on the middle of the inner margin, has a rectangular, 
golden brown patch, not extended to the costa, with an irregular, obliquely 
placed patch of the same hue on the inner margin, near the tip, and slightly 
connected with a small costal patch placed midway between the patches, on 
the inner margin. The tip of the wing is golden brown, and is scarcely con- 
nected with the second patch by a posteriorly produced portion. 

Taken on wing, June, July, 


Ornix Zeller. 


0. trepidella.—Labial palpi yellowish white, annulated with dark brown 
near the tip. Head dark brown. Antenne dark brown, slightly annulated 
with whitish. Fore wings dark purplish, dusted with dark brown. Along the 
costa are several short, oblique, obscure yellowish streaks, with dark brown 
streaks between, extending from the middle of the wing to the tip, obliquely 
placed till near the apex. Hind wings dark gray; cilia the same. 


O. festinella.—tLabial palpi silvery gray, with the second joint at the 
apex annulated with dark brownish. Head dull brownish gray. Antenne 
dark brown, annulated with whitish. Fore wings grayish, somewhat suffused 
with brownish from the base to the middle, with the costa at base dark 
brown. From the middle to the tip freely dusted with dark brown, with 
several whitish, rather obscure costal streaks, becoming plainer near the tip, 
and two or three on the inner margin, near the tip. At the tip are a few dark 


1860.] 


8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


brown scales, with the cilia of extreme apex white; cilia grayish, with dark 
brown tipped scales intermixed. Hind wings pale gray; cilia similar. Ab- 
domen blackish, tipped with yellowish ochreous. 


O. Crategifoliella.—Labial palpi whitish. Head dark brown and 
gray intermixed. Antenne dark brown, faintly annulated with whitish. 
Fore wings dark brown, with a purplish hue. Along the inner margin, from 
the base to the anal angle, whitish, dusted with dark brownish. In the fold 
at the base is a dark brown streak, and a small blotch of the same hue be- 
yond the middle, nearly reaching to the inner margin. Toward the tip area 
few whitish, costal streaks, and at the apex a small, round, dark brown spot, 
in a whitish patch, with a circular, dark brown apical line behind it; cilia 
blackish gray. Hind wings blackish gray; cilia rather paler. Abdomen 
blackish, tipped with dull yellow. 

The larva mines the leaves of Crategus tomentosa (Black Thorn), in 
September, and becomes a pupa early in October, weaving a reddish brown 
cocoon in a turned down edge of the leaf. The pupa case is thrust from the 
end of the cocoon at maturity, the imago appearing early in May. There is, 
doubtless, a summer brood, but I have not sought for it. The head of the 
larva is brown; the body greenish white, with the dorsum reddish brown. 


Hyponomevta Zeller. 


H. multipunctella.—tLabial palpi, head, antenne and thorax, white. 
Thorax with a black spot on the front of tegule, and a few spots of the same 
hue on the disk. Fore wings white, with the costa at the base blackish, and 
longitudinal rows of distinct black dots; two of which, one along the inner 
margin and one along the fold, are very plain. Hind wings blackish gray. 


Bepeti1A? Stainton. 


This genus is represented by a single species, in Europe. It was, therefore, 
a surprise to myself, when I found the species described below, corresponded 
to the European not only in structure but in ornamentation. There is, how- 
ever, a slight difference in the neuration of the posterior wings of the two in- 
sects when compared with Mr. Stainton’s delineation, and hence I give a full 
generic diagnosis of the American species. 

The anterior wings are narrow and pointed, and the posterior very narrow, 
almost setiform. The discoidal cell of the anterior is acute behind, with three 
subcosto-marginal nervules, the last of which arises at the apex of the cell, 
together with the apical nervule, which sends off, at about its middle, a ner- 
vulet to the inner margin, and is furcate near the tip of the wing. The median 
nervure sends only a single branch to the inner margin. Both the costal and 
sub-median nervures are short. The posterior wings without discoidal cell ; 
the costal nervure is very short; the sub-costal runs through the middle of 
the wing, and sends a branch to the inner margin, rather beyond the middle, 
and is furcate at its extremity, the lower branch proceeding to the tip, along 
the inner margin. Above the subcostal nervure is a rather indistinct, paral- 
lel fold. The median nervure is long, well marked, and simple; placed near 
the inner margin of the wing. 

Head rough above, and in front, between the antennz, almost tufted; face 
smooth, moderately broad, and rounded. Ocelli none. Eyes moderately 
prominent, round, and partially covered with hairs from above. Antenne as 
long as the anterior wings, filiform, simple; basal joint squaamose. No max- 
illary palpi. Labial palpi very short, pointed, and rather porrected, with two 
joints only distinguishable. Tongue naked and short. 


B.? Staintoniella.—Labial palpi and head ochreous, the latter some- 
what reddish ochreous above. Antenne ochreous. Fore wings ochreous, 
dusted with dark fuscous, but leaving a streak of the general hue along the 


[ Jan. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 9 


inner margin. Hind wings dark gray; cilia rather dark ochreous. Abdomen 
dark brown and ochreous mixed. 


CosMIOTES. 


Fore wings rather narrowly ovate-lanceolate, with the discoidal cell closed 
acutely. The sub-costal nervure is attenuated toward base of the wing, and 
subdivides into three marginal branches, the first of which arises at about 
its middle, and sends from the angle of the disk a trifid branch, which is 
either forked on the costa by an exceeding short branch before the tip, and 
gives rise at about its middle to a branch to the inner margin, or is trifid at 
its extreme tip. The median is two or three-branched near its end. The 
sub-median is simple. Hind wings are without a discoidal cell; and the 
costal nervure is moderately long. The sub-costal runs through the mid- 
dle of the wing, (is central), and is furcate near the tip. The median is 
well indicated, with two or three short, approximated branches about the mid- 
dle of the inner margin. 

Size very small. Head smooth. Without ocelli. Forehead rather elevated 
and rounded ; face rounded, and nearly equally broad. Eyes very small, 
oval, and somewhat sunken, scarcely visible in front. Labial palpi mode- 
rately long and slender, smooth, pointed, and somewhat recurved ; the second 
joint slightly compressed laterally. No maxillary palpi. Antennz inserted 
laterally ; basal joint short and rather thick, with a few cilia at the base be- 
fore ; stalk simple, slender, and scarcely as long as the body. Tongue naked, 
and about as long as the labial palpi. 


§ Median vein of hind wings two-branched. Apical vein trifid at the tip. 


C. illeetella.—tLabial palpi and head yellowish brown. Antenne fus- 
cous. Fore wings fuscous, dusted with dark brown, with a broad, transverse 
silvery white band near the middle of the wing, a spot of the same hue on 
the costa near the tip, and an opposite one on the inner margin, nearly join- 
ing it in the middle of the wing. The extreme apex of the wing has a silvery 
streak in the cilia, margined behind with a row of dark brown atoms on their 
ends. Hind wings grayish fuscous; cilia the same. 


§§ Median vein of hind wing three-branched. Apical vein forked on the costa, 
with a nervulet to the inner margin. : 


C. maculoscella.—Labial palpi dull yellowish. Head dark brownish. 
Antenne fuscous. Fore wings shining silvery grayish, suffused with dark 
golden brown, with a rather obscure silvery band in the middle of the wing 
and a silvery spot on the costa just before the tip. The extreme apical por- 
tion of the wing is blackish brown; cilia grayish brown. Hind wings grayish, 
dusted with dark brown; cilia grayish brown. 


§§ Medio-posterior and central veins opposite the space between the second and 
third sub-costo- marginals. 


C. madarella.—Head dark silvery gray. Antenne dark brown, yellow- 
ish white at the tips. Fore wings dark golden brown, silvery gray at the 
base, with an oblique, pale golden band near the middle of the wing, the 
costal portion being nearest the base. On the costa, near the tip, is a pale 
golden spot, with a spot of the same hue opposite on the inner margin, and 
one in the middle of the wing before the tip; cilia pale brown, dotted with 
dark brown. Hind wings grayish brown ; cilia rather darker. 


CosmoprerRyx ? Hiibner. 


The anterior wings are rather narrow, and slenderly caudate. The discoidal 
cell is elongate and very narrow, and closed acutely behind with three sub- 
costo-marginal nervules, the first arising about the middle of the wing. The 
median sends four nervules to the inner margin, the first arising midway be- 


1860.] 


10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


tween the first and second subcostal branches, and the last from the apex of 
the discoidal cell, together with an apical branch, which almost immediately 
sends off a nervulet to the inner margin, whilst the apical proceeds through 
the middle of the slender, acicular caudate extremity to its tip. At the basal 
third of the wing, the sub-costal nervure becomes attenuated. The costal is 
nearly coincident with the margin ; the sub-median furcate at the base. The 
posterior wings are narrow, almost setiform, and without a discoidal cell. 
The sub-median is central, simple, and faintly indicated until near the tip, 
when it becomes furcate. The median, which is better defined, runs near the 
inner margin, and subdivides into three branches to the inner margin. The 
costal is coincident with the marginal. 

Head perfectly smooth, advanced, long, and flattened above ; forehead very 
convex and globose; face full, rounded, and somewhat retreating. Ocelli 
none. Eyes flattened, scarcely visible in front, oval. Antenne nearly as 
long as the anterior wings; basal joint long, slender, and clavate; stalk seta- 
ceous and simple. Maxillary palpi extremely short, scarcely perceptible. Labial 
palpi very long, slender, much recurved, and pointed ; the second joint some- 
what compressed toward the end, shorter than the third. Tongue scaled, as 
long as the thorax beneath. 


C.? gemmiferella.—Labial palpi dark greenish brown, with a silvery 
stripe on the front of the third joint, and another behind, continued to the 
second joint. Face, head, and thorax, dark greenish brown, with a narrow, 
central, silvery line continued to the thorax, and one of the same hue above 
the eyes on each side. Antenne dark greenish brown, with two silvery lines 
on the basal joint, the stalk annulated with silvery, and a broad, silvery ring 
before the tip, which is likewise silvery. Fore wings dark greenish brown to 
the middle, and from the apical third to the tip, with an orange-colored patch 
rather beyond the middle of the wing, extended across the wing, and a little 
produced along the costa behind, having a large, transverse, oval, smooth 
patch of elevated, silvery scales somewhat violet-hued, on its internal margin 
the patch extending nearly across the wing; another smaller and similar, 
nearly round one behind it, on the inner margin, and another small one on 
the costa, behind the produced portion, with a white costal streak above it in 
the cilia. All these patches are somewhat black-margined. Near the base of 
the wing are three short, silvery streaks, one nearly on the disk, one near the 
fold beneath it, and an oblique one above it, near the costa. The cilia of the 
extreme apex is silvery white, black-margined above, with a violet silvery 
scale in the middle of the wing, before the tip. The inner margin, at the base 
of the wing, is silvery. Hind wings dark brown; cilia somewhat paler. 

Z The ornamentation of this insect is very elegant. Taken on wing in June, 
July. 


EUDARCIA. 


Head and face rough. Without ocelli. Eyes small, hemispherical quite 
prominent, with a naked space above? Labial palpi short, rather smooth, 
and separated ; the third joint somewhat less thick than the second, and 
nearly as long. Maxillary palpi long, folded, and five or six-jointed. An- 
tenn, basal joint moderately long, approximated on the front, simple, and 
full as long as the anterior wings. Tongue naked and very short, scarcely as 
long as the labial palpi, and not reaching beyond the front. 

Fore wings with the subcostal nervure attenuated at the base; at the basal 
third arises a long marginal branch, and about its middle a fureate branch, 
and thence the subcostal is faintly indicated to the discal nervure, beyond 
which it reappears as a furcate branch to the costa behind the tip. The dis- 
coidal cell is closed, and sends a single branch to the inner margin behind 
the tip. The median subdivides into three approximate branches. The sub- 
median is furcate at the base. In the hind wing the costal nervure is 


[Jan, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. ae 


rather long aud distinct ; subcostal simple, and obsolete from the middle to 
the base ; discoidal cell unclosed, with an independent discal nervule, faintly 
indicated from the base, and furcate at the apical third. The median strongly 
indicated and bifid rather beyond the middle of the inner margin. 


E.simulatricella.—Head brownish ochreous. Antenne ochreous, 
annulated with dark brown. Fore wings dark brownish, with a white band 
about the basal third of the wing, a white spot on the costa, near the middle, 
and one on the inner margin, a little behind it, and a white transverse streak 
near the tip. Hind wings dark brown; cilia the same. 

This insect has considerable resemblance to an Incurvaria. Its neuration, 
however, places it in a very distinct group. 


AntispitA Herrich-Schaffer, Frey. 


A. Nysefoliella.—Head above dark brown. Face, labial palpi, and 
fore feet shining yellowish ochreous. Antenne dark brown; basal joint yellowish 
ochreous. Fore wings dark brown, with a greenish reflection, and the base 
with a bright coppery hue. Near the base is a rather broad, bright golden 
band, broadest on the inner margin, where it is nearest the base, and con- 
stricted at the fold of the wing; a spot of the same hue on the costa, at the 
apical third of the wing, and one on the inner margin, midway between this 
and the band ; cilia somewhat coppery, and rather grayish at the inner angle. 
Hind wings purple brown ; cilia grayish ochreous. 

The larva mines the leavesof Nysa multiflorain September. The head 
is dark brown ; first segment dark brownish; body very pale green with dark 
atoms along the dorsum ; ventral surface with a line of two black spots. After 
the last molting the first segment is black, and the dorsal spots become a 
black, vascular line. When full fed, the larva weaves an oval cocoon within 
the mine, and cutting the two skins of the leaf into a correspondent form, 
permits it to fall to the ground. There is thus left an oval hole in the de- 
serted mine. The imagos appear during the following May. 


A. cornifoliella.—Head, face, labial palpi, and fore feet dark brown. 
Antenne dark brown; basal joint somewhat ochreous. Fore wings rather 
dull dark brown, with a coppery hue. Near the base is a rather narrow, 
golden band, not constricted on the fold, and rather indistinct toward the costa, 
where it is somewhat suffused with a coppery hue, and nearest the base on the 
inner margin. At the apical third of the wing is a small golden spot, and 
nearly opposite, on the inner margin, another of the same hue, with the 
hinder portion of the wing tinged with a bright reddish coppery hue; cilia 
dark grayish. Hind wings purplish brown; cilia somewhat paler, with a cop- 
pery hue. 

The larva mines the leaves of Cornus florida, in September. It may pos- 
sibly be a variation of Nysefoliella. The larve of the insects are very 
like each other, but I don’t know whether that of Cornifoliella undergoes 
the same change of coloration after the last molting as that of Nys efoli- 
ella. The head and shield dark brown; body nearly white, with seven 
minute, black points along the dorsum, and eight on the ventral surface, 
somewhat larger, and more distinct. Its mode of preparing for pupation is 
the same as the previous species, but whilst the individuals of Nys efoli- 
ellaon a single tree are almost innumerable, those of Cornifoliella are 
not abundant. 


ASPIDISCA. 


Fore wings with no discoidal cell. The subcostal nervure traverses the 
middle of the wing, attenuated from the base to the basal third, where it gives 
origin to a long, marginal branch, which reaches the costa at the apical third 
of the wing ; near the tip it subdivides into three short branches, one of which 
is delivered to the costa behind the tip, one to the tip, without attaining the 


1860.) 


12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


extreme apex, and one to the inner margin, somewhat behind the second 
marginal branch. The median nervure is wanting. The sub-median simple. 
Hind wings with no discoidal cell. The subcostal nervure is central and 
attenuated towards the base, and at about its apical third delivers a 
branch to the inner margin, and is bifid behind the tip of the wing. The 
median is simple. The submedian obsolete or wanting. 

Size extremely small. Head and face smooth, covered with closely ap- 
pressed scales. Face rather broad, and somewhat produced beneath into a 
point. Forehead rounded. Ocelli none. Eyes extremely small, not visible 
from above, and scarcely visible in front. Antenne held extended at the 
sides, very short, scarcely one-half as long as the anterior wings, rather thick, 
obtuse, and roughened with scales. Maxillary palpi none. Labial palpi 
none. Tongue none. 


A. splendoriferella.—Head golden. Antenne fuscous, tinged with 
golden. Fore wings, from the base to the middle, leaden gray, with a spler- 
dent lustre, and from the middle to the tip golden, with a broad, nearly 
straight, metallic, silvery streak, extending from the costa near the tip to 
the middle of the wing, and dark-margined on both sides. This is nearly 
joined by a dorsal streak of the same hue, almost opposite to it, with con- 
verging dark margins, and with a blotch of dark brown scales adjoining it be- 
hind. In the costo-apical cilia is a short, blackish brown streak, parallel to 
the dark margin of the silvery costal streak. 

At the tip is a black, apical spot, with metallic, silvery scales in its centre, 
and a few silvery scales in the cilia above and beneath it. A blackish brown 
hinder marginal line in the cilia, interrupted by a silvery streak in the cilia 
beneath the apical spot, and the cilia yellowish brown. Hind wings leaden 
gray ; cilia yellowish brown. 

The larva mines the leaves of Crategus tomentosa early in September. 
The mine appears at first as a very narrow line, and is subsequently expanded 
into a small, transparent blotch. At maturity, the larva weaves a cocoon 
between the cuticles, and cuts a small oval disk. This is sometimes carried 
quite a distance, and is ultimately secured to some object by one of its ends 
tied down on a little button of white silk. It enters the pupa state toward 
the latter part of September, and appears as an imago early in spring. 

The mature larva has a head much smaller than the first ring, rounded 
above, and elliptical. The body is flattened, and tapers posteriorly from the 
anterior rings. The segments are rather deeply incised, the thoracic ob- 
tusely rounded at the sides, and the rest with a minute lateral nodule or 
mammilla. It is without legs or prolegs, but on the second and third thoracic 
rings, on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces, are spots or cup-like depres- 
sions, one on each side, capable of being contracted and expanded. So, like- 
wise, from the sixth to the ninth inclusive, on the ventral surface are 
transversely placed oval spots, similar to the thoracic, and one on each seg- 
ment. On the segment next the last is a protuberance, both dorsal and ven- 
tral, with two cup-like depressions on each surface. These are not supplied 
with hooks, and if they are substitutes for feet, must act like suckers. They 
are all pale brown. The head is dark brown; the body brown, with blackish 
along the dorsal and ventral surfaces. 

When the larve are young, it is extremely difficult to discover their mines, 


and the transparent blotch is not much larger than the cocoon, leaving a space 
in which the ‘‘frass ’’ is collected. 


DIACHORISIA. 


Fore wings pointed, narrowly ovate-lanceolate; discoidal cell closed behind 
by a very faintly indicated nervure, with a faintly indicated secondary cell. 
The subcostal nervure obscurely indicated from the secondary cell to the base 
of the wing, with a long and distinct marginal nervule from near the base, 


[ Jan. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 13 


one from the middle of the secondary cell, and three from the end of it to the 
costa. Three nervules from the discai nervure to the inner margin, beneath 
the tip. The median without branches ; beyond the discal, it proceeds to the 
inner margin, as a single short vein ; perhaps it may be bifid. The submedian 
is simple. Hind wings lanceolate, clothed with scales, with the discoidal 
cell closed by a very faintly indicated nervure. The costal nervure is long, 
and extends nearly to the tip of the wing. The subcostal is simple, and 
wanting from near the origin of the discal nervure, where it is slightly pro- 
duced inwardly, but well indicated thence to near the tip. The discal ner- 
vure gives rise to a discal branch which quickly becomes bifid, and its 
branches well defined near to the tip, above and beneath. The median is 
well indicated, and is three-branched, the last very faintly connected with 
the second. No submedian nervure. 

Size very small. Head rough and hairy above and in front. Ocelli none. 
Eyes rather large, round, and salient, not set on a naked circular portion of 
the head, nor with a naked space above the eyes. Antenne about one-half 
as long as the anterior wings, inserted laterally, and microscopically pubes- 
cent beneath; basal joint moderately long, stalk roughened with scales. 
Maxillary palpi rather long and folded. Labial palpi moderate, slender, 
smooth, cylindrical, separated, and somewhat drooping ; the third joint nearly 
as long ag the second, which has a few bristles at its end and beneath. 
Tongue ie 


D. velatella.—Labial palpi dark brownish. Head brownish gray. An- 
tenne grayish fuscous, with the basal joint whitish, having a blackish, ex- 
ternal streak. Fore wings whitish, dusted with dark fuscous, with a few 
dark fuscous spots along the costa, and one of the same hue about the 
middle of the disk, beneath which, on the fold, is another of the same hue. 
Toward the apex, in the middle of the wing, beneath the last costal spot, is a 
small, dark fuscous spot, sometimes connected toward the base of the wing 
with a dusted streak of the same hue; cilia whitish, somewhat dotted with 
dark fuscous. Hind wings grayish brown ; cilia the same. 

The relationship of this insect to Incurvaria and its allied genera, espe- 
cially to Acerifoliella and to Eudarcia, is very obvious. 


BuccuLatrix? Hubner. 


The anterior wings lanceolate ; the discal cell is closed acutely behind, with 
the subcostal nervure faintly indicated from the middle of the wing to the base, 
and sending four nervules to the costa, the first about the basal third, and its 
origin from the subcostal faintly indicated; the three others arising near the 
apical portion of the wing, with the subcostal between the second and last rather 
faintly indicated; the third nervule scarcely noticeable, and the last branch 
arising from the apex of the discoidal cell. The median is strongly indicated 
throughout, and sends off to the inner margin at its posterior end, a very 
faintly indicated branch, whilst the apical branch, which appears to be a con- 
tinuation of it, becomes bifid behind the tip of the wing. The posterior are 
narrowly lanceolate, without discoidal cell. The subcostal nervure is central, 
and subdivides beyond the middle of the wing into three branches, two to the 
inner margin, and one along the exterior margin to the tip. The median ner- 
vure is simple. 

Size extremely small. Head rough, tufted in the middle. Face smooth and 
retreating. Eyes salient, visible in front. Antenne with a spreading, basal 
eye-cap, expanded above the eyes; stalk very slender, simple, scarcely more 
than one-half so long as the body. No labial or mazillary palpi. Tongue 
naked, very short, not one-half as long as the anterior coxe. 


B.? coronatella.—Face yellowish-white. The head with the tuft pale 
orange chrome; the eye-caps pale yellow, touched behind with orange chrome. 
Antenne yellow, dotted above with dark brown. Fore wings pale orange 


1860.] 


14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


chrome, with a whitish patch near the base above the fold, one nearly oppo- 
site, on the inner margin, and one about the middle of the wing, on the costa. 
Near the tip of the wing is a rather indistinct, narrow, whitish band, becoming 
somewhat diffuse on the inner margin, about the middle of the cilia; extreme 
apex of the wing whitish, mixed with scales of the general hue: cilia grayish 
fulvous. Hind wings dark gray; cilia fulvous gray. Abdomen pale orange 
chrome, with a dark brownish stripe along the dorsum, varied with fulvous. 


PYRALIDINA. Fam. HERMINID AQ. 
EpIpASCHIA. 


Anterior wings with two approximated, subcosto-marginal nervules arising 
near the end of the disk, with a short nervulet to the costa, from near the tip 
of the subcosto-apical nervule; the origin of the post apical is midway between 
the discal and marginal nervulet; the subcosto-inferior and discal have coinci- 
dent origins. The discal is nearly circularly curved, and is continued to the 
disco-central nervule which anastomoses by contact with the medio-superior. 
Median three-branched. Submedian fureate at the base. In the posterior 
wings the discal nervure is long, with a sweeping curve, and; as in the anterior 
wings, is continued to the disco-central nervule, anastomosing by contact with 
the medio-superior.' 

Head with ocelli. Eyes round, rather large and salient. Maxillary palpi 
short, scaly and porrected. Labial palpi smooth, recurved, but not exceeding 
the vertex, cylindrical and pointed; third joint rather short, and indistinctly 
marked. Tongue scaled at the base, and nearly as long as the thorax beneath. 
Antenne with an articulated appendage arising from the basal joint, thrown back- 
wards, and as long as the thorax, and clothed with scales and spreading hairs at tts 
tip; the stalk is exterior to it, slender, its joints roughened with scales, and 
finely ciliated beneath. 


E.superatalis.—Head yellowish. Labial palpi yellowish, dusted with 
dark ochreous, with a dark brown spot at the base of the third joint. An- 
tennz brownish, annulated with yellow, the antennal appendage yellow, dusted 
with blackish brown, especially exteriorly. Fore wings pale yellowish, dusted 
with dark brownish to an irregular dark brown line, crossing the nervules from 
the costa to the inner margin, beyond which it is dull reddish brown. About 
the middle of the costa is a blackish brown spot, a small one of the same hue 
on the discal nervure; a minute one at the base, and the base of the fold, with 
the inner margin at the base tinted with reddish brown. On the posterior 
margin of the wing is a line of dark brown dots. Hind wings fuscous, with a 
dark brown round spot near the exterior margin of the base, and a brownish 
marginal line, with one of the same hue in the cilia. 

From Edward Norton, of Farmington, Conn. 


SPHINGINA. Fam. AGERIIDA. 
Trocuitium Scopoli. 


I regard this genus as synonymous with the Aigeria of Dr. Harris; it in- 
eludes, likewise, the group he has characterized by this name. 


Both wings transparent. Antennae little thickened at the tips. Abdomen sessile, 
tufted at the tip. Hind tarsi very slender and smooth, as long as the tibie. 


T. Acerni .—Head and labial palpi deep reddish orange, the former white 
in front of the eyes. Antenne bluish black, the basal joint reddish orange in 
front. Thorax ochreous yellow, with the tegule in front touched with pale 
bluish black. Abdomen bluish black, varied with ochreous yellow; terminal 
tuft deep reddish orange. Fore wings with the margins and median nervure 
bluish black, dusted with yellowish ; a large discal, bluish black patch ; termi- 


[Jan. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 15 


nal portion of the wing ochreous yellow, with a blackish, subterminal band, 
and the nervules blackish; the hinder margin bluish black, and the cilia deep 
fuscous. Hind wings with a black discal patch ; nervules blackish, and hinder 
margin blackish. Under surface of the body ochreous yellow, with a bluish 
black patch on each side of the second abdominal segment. The middle and 
posterior tibia annulated with bluish black at their ends, the anterior blackish, 
with the coxe touched with reddish orange. All the tarsi touched with 
blackish above. The larva bores the trunk of the maple. 


Nors.—In the November number, 1859, the following corrections should be 
made: 

In the first line of the note on p. 317, preceding should read succeeding. 

In Divsion II., of the Table of species, on p. 318, am should read no. 

On page 327, for vitegenella read vitigenella. 


Appendix to the paper entitled Now Genera and Species of North American 
Tipulide with short palpi, &. 


BY R. OSTEN SACKEN. 


The following are some additions and corrections to my paper, suggested by 
the examination of the entomological collections of the British Museum, the 
Jardin des Plantes, and the Museum of the University of Berlin, as well as of 
some private collections. 

The British Museum afforded me the desired information about the Lim- 
no biz described by Mr. Walker in his “ List of Specimens, etc.” 


L. simulans Walk. is my Dicranomyia defuncta. Mr. Walker, (1. c. 
p. 45) describes this species as “‘ pale yellow, legs yellow, tips of the thighs, of the 
shanks, and of the feet, black,’’ etc.; whereas, in reality, the body zs cinereous, the 
legs are dark brown, almost black, with a whitish ring before the tip of the femora, 
etc. Mr. Walker’s description was drawn from a single old and faded speci- 
men; no wonder, therefore, that it could not be identified. 


L. badia Walk. seems to be my Dicranomyia humidicola. The only 
specimen in the British Museum is without legs. The characteristic mark of 
the species, the white ring at the tip of the tibie, was therefore not mentioned in 
the description. (Walker, l. c. p. 46.) 


Anisomera longicornis JValk. appears to be the species which I have 
identified for it. 

Not having seen Mr. Saunders’s collection, I have not been able to identify 
the Limnobiz ignobilis, prominens, biterminata, andturpis de- 
scribed by Mr. Walker in the Diptera Saundersiana. 

In the Museum of Berlin I have found a considerable number of undeter- 
mined Limnobiz and Hrioptere from Georgia, most of which I have been 
able to identify with the species described in my paper. Only a few were new 
tome. I will give here a list of these species, as an addition to the knowledge 
of their geographical distribution. Some observations and corrections to my 
descriptions, especially when they were drawn from a limited number of speci- 
mens, may also find their place bere. 


Limnophila adusta intwo(j'Q) specimens. The brown line in the middle 
of the thorax was hardly apparent. The tips of the femora were distinctly in- 
fuscated. 


Limnophila imbecilla(?) A single (J specimen, which had the neura- 
tion of the wings, the long verticils, etc., of said species, but the coloring of the 
body of which was somewhat different, namely, brownish ferruginous, shining on 


1360.] 


16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


the thorax. This coloring may have been merely accidental, and produced per- 
haps after the death of the specimen. 


Limnophila pavonina, a single <{ specimen, slightly different from the 
specimen from which my description was drawn. The first joint of the antenne 
is cinereous, the second brown, the following are orange. The tip of the an- 
tenna is brownish. The abdomen shows a brown stripe along the middle of the 
tergum and indications of such stripes along the lateral margins. The brown 
spots on the wings are more confluent than in my specimen, so that the outlines 
of the ocelli and ocelliform marks are less distinct than is mentioned in my 
description. 


Limnophila tenuipes Say. Limnophila zn. sp. (onespecimen.) Ama- 
lopis inconstans. Teucholabis complexa. Teucholabis 2. sp. (with a 
ferrugineous, shining thorax.) Geranomyiacommunis. Gnophomyia t7is- 
tissima. Gnophomyia lugubris. Dicranoptycha sobrina. Jucra- 
noptychasororcula. Eriopteravenusta. Hriocera n. sp. (? very like 
the cinereous specimens mentioned at the end of my description of Eriocera 
fuliginosa.) 


Nov. gen. et sp. (?) of my group of Tipule anisomeraeformes, and very 
like Eriocera, but distinguished by the presence of a petiolated areolet 
and the antenne, which are a little longer, especially those of the >’. The 
species is easily distinguished by the color of the tarsi, which are white, except 
at the base. 


In the same museum I saw Gonomyia blanda and Limnophila lutei- 
pennnis, from South Carolina; Rhipidiadomestica, from Brazil, (!) and 
Rhamphidia brevirostris, from South Carolina. The latter had the tho- 
rax a little darker, and the three stripes on it more distinctly marked than in 
my specimens; nevertheless, I hardly doubt of their identity. 


I succeeded besides by examining the dipterological collections in Europe, in 
ascertaining, as I had hoped, the occurrence, in other parts of the world than 
in North America, of some of the new genera adopted in my paper. 

Gnophomyia occurs in Brazil and in Europe. J saw two elegant species 
of this genus (Gnophomyia nigrina Wied., and n. sp. ?) in the Berlin Museum, 
and a European species (taken near Berlin) in a private collection. 

Dicranoptychaisalso European. The Limnobia cinerascens Meig., 
(syn. L.rufescens Schum.?) belongs to this genus, as I ascertained in Mr. 
Loew’s collection. 

Antocha is also found in Europe; a species very like my A. opalizans 
occurs there. (Mr. Loew’s collection.) 

Dactylolabis the L. dilatata Loew from Croatia, (described in his 
Neue Beitriige, 4tes Heft,) belongs to this subgenus. The remarkable dilata- 
tion of the anterior margin of the wing, in the stigmatical region, which is 
peculiar to this species, is hardly perceptible in my D. montana; still it 
exists, although in a rudimental state; besides this, the structure of the ¢ 
forceps, (as far as could be ascertained from dry specimens,) that of the an- 
tenn, and the situation of the spots on the wings, coincide in both species. 

Epiphragma. A Brazilian species of this subgenus, very like my EB. 
solatrix, is in the Berlin Museum; another, from Venezuela, is in Mr. 
Loew’s collection. 

Teucholabis. Two species from Brazil in the Berlin Museum; one of 
them is exceedingly like T. complexa. 

A further object which I had, in examining the collections in Europe, was 
to ascertain the possible identity of some of the American species, which I had 
described as new, with European ones. The general result of my observations 
is, that although cases of apparent analogy are not unfrequent, those of real identity 
seemtobemuchrarer. My L. tristigma is very distinct from L.tripunctata 


(Jan. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 17 


Meig. The position of the clouds round the stigma is quite different in these 
species; likewise, the insect which I have redescribed under the name of L. 
morio Fabdr. is different from the European insect of that name. Although 
I had no American specimen at hand for comparison, I could perceive at once 
that the wings of the European ones were less infuscated. I restore, therefore, 
to the American species the name of L. morioides, which I at first intended 
for it. 


Limnophila fasciata Zinn. and Rhipidia maculata Weig. have not struck 
me as being different from the American species which I have re-described 
under the same names; still, as I had no specimens of the latter for comparison, 
I would not rely on a mere impression. 


My Amalopis inconstans has the greatest resemblance with Limnobia 
littoralis Meg. My A. auripennis is closely related to A. occulta. 
Oth r cases of analogy which I observed are between Pedicia albivitta 
Walk., and P.rivosa, Dactylolabis montana O.Sack., and Limnophila 
sexmaculata Meig., Limnobia cinctipes Say.and L.annulus Meig., 
L. solitaria and L. quadrinotata. 

In establishing the genus Elephantomyia, I had ventured the suppo- 
sition that Toxorhina Loew had been founded on female specimens only, 
and that, if the males were known, the neuration of their wings would be found 
to be like that of the males of Limnobiorhynchus Westw., that is, 
considerably different from the females. This supposition has proved correct. 
Mr. Loew has obtained since several male specimens of To xor hina (fossil.) 
They have a distinct radial vein, which, as usual, runs between the cubital and 
the radial aree. The question of the synonymy of Limnobiorhynchus 
and Tox orhina may therefore be considered as settled. 

The examination of specimens of Macrochile Loew included in amber, 
proved that this genus, like my Protoplasa, has the anal angle of the 
wing square and not rounded. 


Norr.—In the analytical table on p. 232 (Proc. 1859,) the fifth line should 
be continuous with the fourth, the species L.fuscovaria forming in fact 
the group Dicranophragma. 


Catalogue of the Mollusks in the vicinity of Mohawk, New York. 
BY JAMES LEWIS, M.D. 


The following Catalogue embraces the various species of shell-bearing Mol- 
lusca, observed in the vicinity of Mohawk, Herkimer Co., N. Y., and in various 
small Lakes a few miles south of Mohawk. Some of the species referred to 
have been entered here, from a single dead specimen. 


Unio complanatus Zea. Erie canal and Mohawk river. Common. 
radiatus Lamarck. Lakes. Abundant. 
cariosus Say. Mohawk river. Nearly or quite extinct. 
“ af 


ochraceus Say. ‘ 4c Ke 
Tappanianus Lea. “ “ Very rare. 
luteolus Lam. se te Very rarely seen. 
Margaritana rugosa Barnes. Canal and river. Common. 
marginata Say. ue if Not plenty. 


undulata Say. Lakes. One seenin river. Rare. 
Anodonta fluviatilis Zea. Canal. Rare. Streams south, less rare. 
lacustris Lea. Lakes. Abundant. (Nov. sp.) 
Lewisii Lea. Canal. “ ve 


edentula Say. ‘ Rare. Streams south, common. 
Ferussaciana Zea. Canal and rivers. Small and rare 
imbecilis Say. f a J sf 


subcylindracea Lea. Herkimer. 


1860.] 2 


18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Cyclas sulcata Lam. (similis Say.) Lakes. Common. 
—? River. Rare. (nov. sp)? Rare. 
striatina Zam. (edentula Say.) Canal and rivers. Common. 
transversa Say. Canalandrivers. Smaller than from the west. 
rhomboidea Say. (elegans Ad.) Lakes. Rare. 
partumeia Say. Stagnant waters. 
occidentalis Prime. Boggy streams and meadows. Plenty. 
Pisidium virginicum Byt, (dubium Say.) River. Not very plenty. 
abditum //a/d. Stagnant waters, Plenty. 
compressum J’rime, Rivers and small streams. Not rare, 
equilaterale Prime. River east of Herkimer, Rare. 
ferrugineum Prime. River and lakes. 
ventricosum rime. Lakes and stagnant pools. 
Paludinaintegra Say, Canal and river, Very plenty in canal. 


decisa Say, . # Very plenty in river. 
rufa JZald, et « Not plenty. Recently introduced. 
Melaniasubularis Lea.“ « Common. 
exilis /Hald. ce « a 


virginica Say. Canal. Recently introduced. Not plenty. Local. 
Amnicola limosa Say. Canal and river, Plenty. 
lustrica Say. © a Plenty in river. 
pallida Zea. Lakes. Not very plenty. 
tenuipes ? /fald, Lakes. Not very plenty. 

Valvata tricarinata Say.* Mohawk river plenty, Canal less plenty. 
var. simplex of tricarinata Sey, in Thompson's Vermont shells. 

Whorls round, simple, (inornate); apex elevated; umbilicus 

wide and deep ; epidermis blue, varying to brown, but not green, 

nor iridescent. 
sincera Say. Lakes. Very rare. 1 to 1000 of the above. 

Lymnea elodes Say. Canal, ditches, pools, &c, varieties emarginata and catas- 
copium, I have ascertained, may be produced from the eggs of 
elodes, by change of station, 

desidiosa Say. Stagnant pools, margins of streams and lakes. 
humilis Mald. ? xt x 

umbilicata Adams ‘in wood lots. (is not caperata Say.) 
gracilis Jay. Schuyler’s lake, Otsego Co. Plenty. 

appressa Say. Little Lakes, <A single dead shell observed. 
columella Sey. Lakes. Not abundant nor large. 

Physa heterostropha Say. Everywhere in pools, lakes and small brooks, 
ancillaria Say. May be a var. of preceding, Rivers, very rare. 
hypnorum Drap. Stagnant pools. Small and rare. 

Planorbis trivolvis Say. Common. 

bicarinatus Soy. Common. In some localities, (lakes) white. 
campanulatus Say, Lakes. Less common than the preceding. 
armigerus Say. Stagnant waters. Common. 
hirsutus Say. Lakes. Rare. 
exacutus Say. Lakes. Very rare. 
parvus Say, Stagnant waters. Very plenty. 
Aneylus tardus Sey, Mohawk river. Common on stones and Uniones. 
parallelus /faid. Lakes. Common on water plants. 
fuscus Adams, Lakes or waterfalls. Less abundant. 


“ “ “ 


* A variety occurs in Little Lakes, which presents much diversity of carination, some 
specimens being almost entirely destitute of carina, but retaining the characteristic iri- 
descent green tinge, ‘Those specimens in which the carina are obsolete have the upper 
surface of the whorls flattened, and the spire somewhat depressed. The conclusions of 
authors, who suppose these varieties run into the following, are erroneous. 


{Jan. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 19 


Helix albolabris Say. 
alternata Say. 
arborea Say. 
chersina Say. Rarely seen. 
concava Say. 
electrina Gould. 
fallax Say. Small var. 
fuliginosa Griffith. Rare and solitary. 
hydrophila Ingalls. Very plenty and gregarious. 
indentata Say. Rarely seen. 
intertexta Binney. 
lineata Say. Not plenty. 
inornata Say. Rare. 
minuta Say. Very plenty in damp grounds. 
minuscula Binney. Only very recently observed, and quite rare. 
monodon Rackett. Our most common Helix. 


palliata Say. 
Sayii Binney. Very rare. 
striatella Anthony. 


thyroides Say. Rare. 
Succinea obliqua Say. 
vermeta Say. (Is not avara.) 
ovalis Gould. 
Bulimus lubricus Brug. 
Pupa pentodon Say. 
contracta Say. 
Vertigo ovata Say. 
Gouldii Bin. 
Carychium exiguum Say. 

I have made some experiments for the purpose of ascertaining if various 
species of Uniones would bear transplanting. The following species have been 
placed in the Erie Canal, at various times, but no evidence has yet been had of 
their multiplying: Unio radiatus from Schuyler’s Lake. Unio campto- 
don Say, from Ohio; U. parvus Say, from Ohio; U. undulatus BSar., 
from Ohio; U.cariosus Say, from Troy, N.Y.; An. implicata Say, from 
Troy, N. Y. ; 

A variety of Lymnza known as catascopium Say, abounds in the 
Canal, and it is very usual for their eggs to be washed over the sides of an 
aqueduct into a small creek, where they come to maturity, to be washed into 
the river with the fall floods. One or two favorable seasons have enabled 
me to ascertain that those which came to maturity have the form of 
elodes. A small pool of stagnant water, formerly the bed of the Canal pre- 
vious to its enlargement, is populated by thousands of Ly mn #a that for- 
merly formed part of the Canal family. These vary in their forms in different 
seasons; some retain the form of catascopium, others diverge to emar- 
ginata, but a larger number areelodes. The Paludina of the Lakes I 
regard as decisa, but they are probably not the same as the shells of the 
Canal and River that have that name. 


Notes on the Nomenclature of North American Fishes. 
BY THEO. GILL. 


The following notes are selected from a large number on American and foreign 
fishes in the possession of the author. Others upon North American fishes are 
reserved until a more complete examination can be made; it is hoped that the 
following may, in the mean time, be of service to the student of American 
Ichthyology. 


1860.] 


20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


1. Labrax chrysops Girard.—There is little doubt that the Labrax 
albidus of Dr. Dekay* and the Labrax osculatii of Filippi; are identi- 
cal withthe Labrax chrysops. Filippi, although acquainted with the work 
of Dekay, compares his Labrax osculatii only with the L. lineatus Cw., 
and chiefly distinguishes it from that species by its higher body and lingual 
dentition. The specimens, from which the species of Filippi was described, 
were sent to the Museum of Milan by the traveller to whom it was dedicated, 
(M. Osculati,) and are stated by Filippi to have been obtained in Lake Ontario. 
Notwithstanding this, Filippi has stated that it is an inhabitant of the sea and 
the rivers of the United States. ‘Hab. in mare et fluvis confederationis Amer- 
icane.” 


2. Lepomisachigan Gill.—Rafinesquef first indicated the Cicha fas- 
ciata of Lesueur or Centrarchus obscurus of Dekay, under the name of 
Bodianus achigan. His specific name must be preserved. 


3. Ambloplites rupestris Gill.—The Bodianus rupestris of Rafin- 
esque, described in December, 1817,2 appears to be the same as the species 
subsequently named Cichla enea by Lesueur. 


4. Pomotis maculatus Gill.—The common sun fish of New York was 
first named Morone maculata by Mitchell.|| His specific name should be 
retained. 


(Corinia oxyptera Dekay.%)—This is a species of the genus Serranus. 


5. Orthopristis fulvo-maculatus Gill.—If the genus Orthopris- 
tis is valid, the Hemulonfulvo-maculatnum of Dekay** must be referred 
to it under the above name. That species differs very little, if at all, from the 
Orthopristis duplex of Dr. Girard.t+ The two are probably identical. 

6. Sargus ovicephalus Gill.—The common sheep’s-head was first named 
by Bloch{{ from the description of Schoepf.43 


PALINURICHTHYS Gill. 


This name is proposed as a substitute for Palinurus of Dekay. The latter 
name having been applied to a well-known genus of crustaceans, it is inadmis- 
sible in any other branch of the animal kingdom. 


7. Palinurichthys perciformis Gill.—Syn. Palinurus perciformis 
Dekay, Zoology of New York, Fishes, p. 118. 
Percina Haldeman.|||| 


The type of this genus is congeneric with the type of the subsequently estab- 
lished genus, Pileoma of Dekay. The latter name is therefore a synonym of 
Percina, and must be suppressed. 


8. Percina semifasciata Gill._Syn. Pileoma semifaciata Dekay, 
Zoology of New York, Fishes, p. 16. 


Asrtroscopus Brey. 
Under this name, Mr. Brevoort proposes to separate from Uranoscopus the 


* Dekay, Zoology of New York, Fishes, p. 13, pl. 51, fig. 165. 
t Filippi, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 2d series, vol. v- p. 164. 
Tt Rafinesque, American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review, vol. ii. p. 120. 
§ Loc. cit., vol. ii. p. 120. 
|| Mitchell’s Report in part on the fishes of New York, p. 19, Jan., 1814, 
q Dekay, loc. cit., p. 77, pl. xxx. fig. 96, 
** Dekay, loc. cit., p. 
1 Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 1859. 
tt Bloch, Schneider., Systema Ichthyologiz, p. 280. 
2 Schoepf in Schriften der Gesellchaft Naturf. Freunde zu Berlin, vol.viii, p. 152, 1788. 
}iHaldeman, Journ, Acad, Nat. Sci., vol. viii. p. 330, 1842, 
[Jan. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 21 


American U.anoplos of Cuvier. Astroscopus differs fom Uranos- 
copus bya less completely armed head,.and by the absence of an exsertile 
filament to the membrane behind the symphisis of the lower joint. To this 
genus is also to be referred the Uranoscopos y-graecum of Cuvier and Val- 
enciennes. 


9. Astroscopus anoplos Brev.Syn. Uranoscopus anoplos Cuv. and Vail. 
Hist. Nat. des. Poissons, vol. viii, p. 493. 


(Lepisoma cirrhosum Dekay.*)—This fish, described as a new genus of 
the family of Percoids, is the common Chinus pectinifer of Valen- 
ciennes,t a West Indian species, which is the type of the genus Labrosomus 
of Swainson.t 


LEPTOBLENNIUS Gill. 


This genus is founded on the Blennius serpentinus of Dr. D. H. Storer. 
It differs widely from Blennius by the elongated form of the body, the shape 
of the head, absence of superciliary tentacles, &c. It is equally distinct from 
the genus Pholis. 


10. Leptoblennius serpentinus Gill.—Syn. Blennius serpentinus 
Storer, Hist. of the Fishes of Mass., p. 91, pl. xvii. fig. 1. 


Moxuacantuus Sw.§ 


The genus called by Dekay Acanthosoma had been previously named 
by Swainson Molacanthus, and thatappellation has been accepted by the 
Prince of Canino.|| Swainson founded his genus on the Diodon mola of 
Pallas, a species to which Dekay has referred in his remarks on Acanthosoma 
carinatum. 


11, Molacanthus carinatus Gill._Syn. Acanthosoma carinatum Dekay, 
Zoology of New York Fishes, p. 350, pl. 4, fig. 179. 

Dr. Richardson has figured in the Ichthyology of the Voyage of the Sulphur,{ 
a species of molacanthus, which he has named Orthagoriscus spinosus 
Cuv., citing for that name the Régne Animal, vol. i. p. 370. On reference to 
the volume of Cuvier, it will be seen that the name of Orthogoriscus spinosus 
is attributed to Bloch of Schneider; in a foot note to the genns enumerating 
the species, it is again referred to as Orthogoriscus hispidus. The latter is 
the name given to the species in the Systema Ichthyologie,** and the former was 
probably due to an oversight of Cuvier. The species of Richardson is also, 
perhaps, a distinct species from the Molacanthus hispidus Jon., and is an 
inhabitant of the Chinese seas. 


On the Pertinence of the ALOSA TERES Dekay,to the Genus DUSSUMIERA Val. 
BY THEO. GILL. 


In the ichthyological volume of ‘ Zoology of New York,+}” Dr. Dekay has 
described a halecoid fish to which he has given the name of Alosa teres. He 
has characterized the genus Alosa as having the characters of Clupea 
(body compressed,) but distinguished by the tongue and the roof of the mouth 
being smooth or edentulous. Notwithstanding this definition, he has without 


*Dekay, loc cit., p. 41, pl. 30, fig. 91. 
+Cuy. Val. Hist. Nat. kes Poisons, vol. xi. 
t Swainson, Nat Hist. of Fishes, &c., vol. ii, pp. 75 and 277, 1839. 
2 Swainson, Nat. Hist. of Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles, vol. ii. p. 329. 
| Bonaparte, Catalogo Metodico dei Pesci Europei, p. 87. 
§{ Richardson, loc. cit., p. 125, pl. 2, figs. 10 and 11. 
** Bl, Schn., loc. cit, p. 511. 
tt Zoology of New York Fishes, p. 262, pl. 40, fig. 128. 
1860.) 


22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


hesitation, referred to the genus the above fish which he describes as having 
the ‘‘ body cylindrical,” and with its tongue covered “‘ with asperities on its surface.” 
In the “ Histoire Naturelle des Poissons,”’* Valenciennes, misled perhaps by the 
generic definition of Dekay, has described what appears to be a true Alosa, 
as the Alosa teres of Dekay. In the same volumey he has described a fish 
to which he has given the name of Dussumiera acuta; this fish is there 
stated to have a most close superficial resemblance to the sardines of the 
Clupeoid family, but as being separated from them on account of the 
smooth belly, and as being more nearly related to Butirinus, between 
which genus and Elops it was believed that it should be placed. 

Subsequently, Mr. James C. Brevoort, in his ‘‘ Notes on the Figures of Japan- 
ese Fish,’’{ (originally published in the second volume of the Narrative of the 
United States Expedition to Japan, under Commodore Perry,) in a note on 
Clupea micropus of Temminck and Schleger, corrected the erroneous ref- 
erence of Valenciennes, and noticed the near affinity of the Alosa teres to the 
genus Dussumiera. 

Recently, in the Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy,Z Dr. Charles 
Girard has referred the same species to the genus Harengula of Valenciennes, 
on account of the presence of teeth upon the maxillar bones, the tongue, the 
palatines. and the pterygoidians, whilst the vomer is toothless.” In dentition, 
A.teres does indeed agree with Harengula, but is totally separated from 
that genus by the form of the body, and is correctly referable to Dussumeria, 
which has teeth upon the same bones, and otherwise agrees with Alosa teres. 

The species must, consequently, be hereafter called Dussumiera teres, and 


its synonymy will be as follows: 
Dussumiera teres Brevoort. 
Synonymy. 
Alosa tex es Dekay, Zoology of New York Fishes, p. 262, pl. 40, fig. 128, bie 
Troschel, Bericht in Archiv. fur Naturgeschichte, 1844, vol. 
p- 245, (abstract). 
- Storer, Synopsis ‘of the Fishes of North America, p. ,ib.in Memoirs 
American Academy, vol. ii., p. 460, (compiled,) 1846. 
ef ce Baird, Report on Fishes of New Jersey coast, p. 25; ib.in Ninth 
Annual Report Smithsonian Institution, p. 349, 1855. 
Dussumiera sp. Brevoort, Notes on some figures of Japanese Fish, p. 27; ib. in 
Narrative of Expedition to Japan, vol. ii., p. 279, 1807. 
Harengula teres Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philad’a, p. 158, May, 1859. 
(Not “Alausa teres Dekay,” Val. Hist. Nat. des Poissons, vol. xx. p. 423.) 


Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in Expeditione ad 
Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem, a Republica Federata missa, Cadwaladaro 
Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers Ducibus, observavit et descripsit 


W. STIMPSON. 
Pars VIII. CRUSTACEA MACRURA. 


THALASSINIDEA. 


359. GEBIA SUBSPINOSA, NOY. sp. G. majori affinis. Foeminae manus pe- 
dum primi paris intus spina una prope pollicem,|| et duabus ad basin dac- 


* Hist. Nat. des Poissons, vol. xx., p. 423. 
t Hist. Nat. des Poissons, vol. xx., p. 467. 
t Loc. cit., p. 27. 

§ Loc. cit., May, 1859. 

 Pollex nobis est digitus immobilis. 


[Jan 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 23 


tyli armata; pollex intus bidentatus, dentibus minutis; dactylus superne ca- 
rinatus, carina crenulata. Pedes primi, secundi, tertiique paris prope basin 
spina acuta armati. 

Hab.—In sinu ‘‘Simon’s Bay’’ ad Promont. Bonae Spei; in fundo arenoso, 
prof. 8 org. 


360. GEBIA CARINICAUDA, noy. sp. G. majori affinis. Carapax antice angus- 
tior, dentibus minus prominentibus, fronte spinulis erectis sat validis pectina- 
ta. Pedum primi paris manus infra spina versus pollicem instructa ; pollex in- 
tus subtiliter denticulatus ; dactylus superne carinatus, carina laevi. Pedum 
tertii paris foeminae coxa spina parvula super aperturam genitalem armata. 
Sulci laterales segmentorum abdominalium validi, segmenti penultimi validi- 
ores. Abdominis segmentum ultimum carina tramsversa acuta prope basin 
ornatum; lamellae laterales valide carinatae, marginibus terminalibus spin- 
ulis crenulatae. Long. 1.77; carapacis long. 0.56; carap. regionis anterioris 
lat. 0.19; regionis post. lat. 0.29 poll. 

Hab.—In portu ‘‘ Hong Kong ;”’ sublittoralis in locis limoso-sabulosis. 


361. GEBIA PUGETTENSIS, Dana; U.S. Expl. Exped., Crust., i. 510, pl. xxxii. 
f. 1. Stimpson; Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., vi. 48, pl. xxi.—Ad oras Californiae. 


362. CALLIANASSA PETALURA, nov. sp. Parva. Antennae externae carapace 
plus duplo longiores. Pedes primi paris foeminae eis maris similes; pedis 
dextri merus brevis, robustus, subtus dente valido basali instructus quam 
merus ipse vix tertia parte breviore, antrorsum porrecto, serrato; carpus lon- 
gior quam latior et quam merus multo longior, marginibus parce dilatatis et 
laevibus ; manus elongata, quam carpus angustior; palma quam carpus non 
brevior, superne margine laevis, subtus serrata et ciliata; digiti palma quarta 
parte breviores, sat graciles, pilosi. Pes primus sinister gracillimus, mero in- 
ferne edentato. Lamellae caudales parvae, laeves, glabrae, rotundatae, subae- 
quales ; segmentum caudale in foeminis quam in maribus latius, margine pos- 
teriore leviter sinuatum; lamellae externae marginibus externis incrassatae 
vel pulvinatae, in maribus longe ciliatae. Foeminae long. 1.57; long. carapa- 

_cis, 0.56; long. carpi manus dactylique chelipedis majoris, 0.70 poll. 

Hab.—In portu *‘ Simoda’’ Japoniae. 


363. CALLIANASSA CALIFORNIENSIS, Dana; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., vii. 
175. Stimpson; Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. vi. 489, pl. xxi. f. 4. Ad oras Californiae 
prope urbem ‘‘San Francisco.”’ 


ASTACIDEA. 


364. IBAcUS NOVEMDENTATUS, Gibbes; Proc. Am. Assoc. 1850, p.193. Inter 
/. ciliatum et I. peronii ;—an distinctus? Specimen nostrum dentes octo la- 
terales habet. In Mari Sinensi prope ‘‘ Hong Kong;’’ fundo limoso prof. 20 
org. 


365. PARRIBACUS ANTARCTICUS, Dana; U. S. Expl. Exped.. Crust., i. 517, pl. 
xxxii. f. 6. Scyllarus antarcticus, Fabr. Ibacus antarcticus, M. Edw.—Ad in- 
sulas Hawaienses et ad insulam ‘‘ Tahiti.’’ 


366. Scytiarvus Sresoipi, De Haan; Fauna Japonica, Crust. 153, pl. xxxvi., 
et xxxvii. f. 1.—Adinsulam ‘‘ Ousima.’’ 


367. ARCTUS SORDIDUS, nov. sp. Carapax latus, sed non latior quam longior ; 
crista mediana tridentata, dente anteriore parvo, juxta frontem sito; crista 
laterali dentibus duobus super oculum et dente uno paullo remoto armata; 
angulis antero-lateralibus prominentibus. Antennarum articulus secundus 
utringue dente uno solum valido armatus, angulo anteriore acuto prominente, 
crista valida sed laevi; articulus quartus margine antico dentibus quatuor 
magnis obtusis, et dente uno acuto intus uni-denticulato introrsum sito arma- 
tus. Sternum antice bifurcatum, furcis triangularibus, dentiformibus. Fusco- 


1860.] 


24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


luteus; pedes nigro quadri-annulati; abdominis segmentum primum nigro 

uni-maculatum. Foeminae long. 2.2 poll. A. urso (Scyllaro arcto,) Auct. 

affinis. Ab A. rugoso differt abdominis segmento tertio non gibboso. 
Hab.—In portu ‘‘ Hong Kong ;”’ f. conchoso p. 8 org. vulgaris. 


368. Paxinurus LALANDE!I, Milne-Edwards; Hist. Nat. des Crust. ii. 293.— 
Ad Promont. Bonae Spei. 


369. Panuigus oRNATUS, Gray. Palinurus ornatus, Bosc., M. Edwards; Hist. 
Nat. des Crust. ii. 296 (?)—Prope oras insulae ‘‘ Hong Kong.”’ 


370. PANULIRUS INTERRUPTUS, Stimpson. Palinurus interruptus, Randall; 
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., viii. 137.—California. 


371. PanvuLiRvs PENICILLATUS, Gray, Dana. Palinurus penicillatus, (Oliv.) 
M. Edwards; Hist. Nat. des Crust. ii. 299.—Ad insulam ‘‘ Tahiti.”’ 


372. Panviirnus sAponicus, Gray. Palinurus japonicus, Siebold, De Haan; 
Fauna Japonica, Crust. 158, pl. xli. et xliimAd oras Japonicas prope urbem 
*¢Simoda.’’ 


373. ASTACUS NIGRESCENS, Stimpson; Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. vi. 492.—Califor- 
nia. 


CARIDEA.* 


374. CRANGON CAPENSIS, nov. sp. C. vulgari paullo affinis, in spind mediana 
carapacis, etc. Carapax medio parce carinatus, carina dente minuto in medio 
armata; dentibus v. spinis lateralibus mullis. Maxillipedes externi squamam 
vel appendicem antennalem superantes. Pedum primi paris palma obliqua, 
fere longitudinalis. Pedes quinti eos primi paris superantes. Abdomen vix 
carinatum; cauda valde compressa. ‘Long. foeminae, 0.9 poll. C. afjini, De 
Haan, proximus. 


* Simulacrum carapacis Carideorum. 


A, Regio gastrica. 1, Spma supraorbitalis, (interdum duae.) 
B. Regio branchialis. 2, Angulus orbitae externus, interdum 
C. Regio cardiaca. spiniformis, 
D. Regio hepatica. 3. Spina antennalis. ; 
E. Regio orbitalis. 4, Spina branchiostegiana (in generibus 
F. Regio antennalis. Leander et Pandalus conspicua.) 
G. Kegio frontalis. 5, Spina pterygostomiana 
6. Spina hepatica (in Palaemonibus, Pen- 
aels, etc.) 
a. Sutura v. sulcus cervicalis;—pars dorsalis in Stenopis, Sicyoniis, Alpheis ete plus 
ninusve distincta, pars antero-lateralis in quibusdam Penaeis et Leandris. 
4  Sutura cardiaco-branchialis, raro distincta. 
c. - Sulcus antennalis, et c’ hepaticus, in Penaeis multis valde conspicuus. 
d. Sulcus gastro-orbitalis, in Crangonibus. 
e. Sulcus gastro-frontalis, in Penaeo monocero. 
f. Sulcus gastro-hepaticus, in Stenopis, Penaeis, etc. 
g. Sulcus orbito-antennalis, in Alpheo et Spongicola. 


[Jan. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 25 


Hab.—In sinu ‘‘Simon’s Bay,’’ Promont. Bonae Spei; f. arenoso, prof. 12 
org. 

375. CRANGON CARINICAUDA, nov. sp. Carapax depressus, pubescens, sep- 
temcarinatus ; carinis levibus, retrorsum distinctis ; mediana antice obsoleta; 
tribus lateralibus approximatis, quarum prima et tertia unispinosis, spinis ad 
quartam anteriorem carapacis sitis. Rostrum valde angustatum, longitudinal- 
iter sulcatum, extremitate bifidum. Pedes primi crassi, palma obliqua magis 
longitudinali; secundi quam tertii robustiores sed dimidia breviores, non in- 
flexi, carpo manuque quam merus breviores, manu chelata digitis rectis pa- 
rallelis ; tertii filiformes; quarti quintique valde graciles; quinti primos su- 
perantes. Abdomen insculptum, sulcis plerisque transversis, pubescentibus ; 
segmentis tertio, quarto quintoque gibbosis, valide carinatis. Long. 0.66; 
earap. long. 0.16; carap. lat. 0.139 poll. 

Hab.—In portu Sinensi ‘‘ Hong Kong.”’ 


376. CRANGON FRANCISCoRUM, Stimpson; Crust. and Echin. Pacific Coast of 
N. Am., 55.; Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. vi. 495, pl. xxii. f. 5. 
Hab.—In portu ‘‘San Francisco,’’ Californiae. 


377. CRANGON NIGRICAUDA, Stimpson ; Crust. and Echin. Pacific Coast of N. 
Am., 56.; Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. vi. 496, pl. xxii. f. 6. C. vulgaris, Owen, Dana. 
(non Fabr.) 

Hab.—In portu ‘‘ San Francisco,’’ Californiae. 


378. CRANGON PROPINQUUS, nov. sp. C. vulgari et C. nigricaudae valde af- 
finis, sed abdominis segmento quarto (et interdum tertio quoque,) in adultis 
carinato. Segmentum ultimum extremitate spinulis sex armatum. A C.nigri- 
cauda differt pedum primi paris manu angustiore, palma magis obliqua, digi- 
toque immobili longiore. A C. affini maxillipedibus externis et pedibus quin- 
tis brevioribus ut in C. vulgari. Long. 2.5 poll. 

Hab.—Prope oras boreales Japoniae ; in fundis arenosis limosisque prof. 4-20 
org. 

379. CRANGON SALEBROSUS, Owen; Beechey’s Voy. Zool. 88, pl. xxvii. f. 1.— 
In sinu ‘‘ Avatska’’ Kamtschatkae ; vulgaris in fundo limoso, inter Eudendria 
ad prof. 10 org. 


380. CRANGOoN BOREAS, Fabr., Milne-Edwards; Hist. Nat. des Crust. ii. 342; 
Régne Anim., pl. li. . 2. Owen; Beechey’s Voy., Zool. 87. Brandt; Sib. Reise, 
Zool. 114.—In freto Beringiano et in Oceano Arctico; ad prof. 10-26 org. 


381. CrANGoN ANGUSTICAUDA, De Haan; Fauna Japonica, Crust. 183, pl. xlv. 
f. 15.—In portibus ‘‘Simoda’’ et ‘‘ Hakodadi,’’ Japoniae; sublittoralis, vul- 
garis inter algas. 


382. CRANGON INTERMEDIUS, nov. sp. Carapax laevis, nitidus, medio cari- 
natus, carina bi-spinosa, spina anteriore debili prope rostrum sita, altera me- 
diana, valida; latera spinis quatuor armata, duabus in margine antico, una 
valida in superficie laterali, et una minuta prope carinam. Rostrum elevatum 
prominens, non acuminatum. Maxillipedes externi graciles, appendicem anten- 
nalem superantes. Pedes primi apicem appendicium non attingentes ; secundi 
tertiis paullo breviores ; quarti quintique longi, eis C. boreae multo graciliores, 
sed dactylis longis, curvatis. Sternum inerme. Abdomen superficie marginibus- 
que inferioribus laeve; carina parvula, sed in segmento antepenultimo acuta, 
in penultimo duplicata; segmento ultimo valde elongato, minuente, extremi- 
tate fere acuto. Foeminae long. 1.7; carap. long. 0.38; segmenti abdominis 
ultimi long. 0.32 poll. Facie et armatura carapacis Nectocrangoni lari similis. 

@ Ha).—In mari Beringiano prope Promontorium ‘‘ Chepoonski ;’’ ad prof. 40 
org. 


383. NecTOCRANGON LAR, Brandt; Sib. Reise, Zool. 115. Crangon lar, Owen, 


1860.) 


26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Beechey’s Voy., Zool. 88, pl. xxviii, f. 1. Argis* lar, Kroyer; Tidsskrift, iv. 
255; pl. v. f. 45-62.—In sinu “‘ Avatska,’”’ in freto Beringiano, et in Oceano 
Arctico ; fundis limosis prof. 10-20 org. 


384. SABINEA SEPTEMCARINATA, Owen; App. to Ross’ Voy. 82. Kroyer; Tids- 
skrift, iv. 244, pl. iv. f. 34-40 et pl. v. f. 41-44. Crangon septemspinosus, 3a- 
bine.—In Oceano Arctico, prope oras Siberiae. 


385. Nica epuus, Risso; Milne-Edwards; Hist. Nat. des Crust. ii. 364.—In 
sinu ‘‘Funchal’’ insulae Madeirae; f. arenoso, p. 15 org. 


386. NicA MACROGNATHA, nov. sp. Corpus robustum, minus compressum. 
Carapax sat latus, leviter depressus, laevis, non carinatus, rostro brevi, 
quam oculi multo breviore, acuminato. Antennnularum flagellum breve. 
Maxillipedes externi grandes, extremitates antennularum fere attingentes; 
mero crasso, pedibus primi paris non angustiore, et carapace vix tertia 
parte breviore. Pedes primi robusti; pes dexter vel chelatus robustior, sed 
quam sinister paullo brevior. Abdominis segmentum terminale dorso longi- 
tudinaliter late suleatum et paribus duobus aculeorum armatum ; extremitate 
aculeis sex pectinatum, duabus longis, duabus mediocribus et duabus brevi- 
bus. Long. 1 poll. N. eduli ete. valde affinis. Ab N. eduli differt corpore 
robustiore, et rostro breviore; ab N. hawaiensi, oculis minoribus, et pedibus 
primi paris brevioribus; ab N. japonico, maxillipedibus externis longioribus, 
et segmento ultimo abdominis aculeis dorsalibus armato. 

Hab.—In portu ‘‘ Hong Kong ;”’ f. conchoso, p. 8 org. 


HiprolysMATA, nov. gen. Carapax rostro sat longo verticaliter dilatato et 
dentato instructus. Antennulae flagellis duobus longis instructae. Mandibulae 
valde incurvatae, nec bipartitae nec palpigerae. Maxillipedes externi elongati 
exognatho flagelloque instructi; articulo ultimo gracili. Pedes Imi—4ti 
flagello instructi. Pedes primi crassiusculi, chelati, manu oblonga; secundi 
filiformes, chelati, carpo multi-annulato. Abdomen dorso laeve. Lysmatae 
affinis, sed antennulis flagellis duobus tantum praeditis. Ab Hippolyte differt 
mandibularum forma. 


387. HippotysMaTa VITTATA, nov. sp. Carapax per dimidiam anteriorem 
carinatus, rostro apicem articuli penultimi pedunculi antennularum attingente, 
superne septem-dentato, dentibus gracilibus antrorsum porrectis, dente pos- 
teriore vel primo parce ante medium carapacis sito, et dente secundo intervallo 
duplo remoto; rostro infra prope extremitatem tridentato, dentibus parvis. 
Margo carapacis anterior utrinque spina sub oculo et dente minuto acuto 
pterygostomiano armatus. Antennularum fiagellum externum corpore fere 
duplo longius ; parte basali incrassata, pedunculo non breviore, infra ciliata. 
Appendix antennarum extremitatem pedunculi antennularum attingens. 
Maxillipedes externi appendices multo superantes; exognatho longitudine 
tertiam partem endognathi adequante. Pedes primi paris apicem appen- 
dicium attingentes ; pedum secundi paris carpus 20-articulatus ; pedes postici 
longi. Segmentum caudale triangulare, dorso paribus duobus aculeorum 
armatum. Color pallide ruber ; corpus coccineo-vittatum. Long. 1.3 poll. 

Hab.—In portu ‘‘ Hong Kong ;’’ f. limoso p. sex. org. 


TozEumAt, nov. gen. Corpus valde elongatum, lanceolatum, utrinque at- 
tenuatum, compressum. Rostrum gracile longissimum, interdum corpore vix 
brevius, Antennulae breves, flagellis duobus instructae. Appendix antennarum 
longa. Mandibulae sat robustae, valde incurvatae, nec bipartitae nec palpi- 
gerae. Maxillipedes externi brevissimi, exognatho nullo, et flagello nullo 
praediti. Pedes breves epipodis destituti. Pedes primi brevissimi, crassiores, 


* Nomen Kroyeri praeoccupatum est. 
+ Toga, telum. 


[ fan. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 27 


chelati; secundi filiformes, chelati, carpo tri-articulato. Abdomen dorso den- 
tibus armatum ; articulo ultimo elongato fere lanceolato. 


388. TozEUMA LANCEOLATUM, nov. sp. Corpus gracillimum, in maribus valde 
compressum. Carapax ecarinatus. Rostrum aciculiforme, quam corpus vix 
quarta parte brevius, superne obtuse-rotundatum, superficie carapace con- 
tinuum ; infra serratum et versus basinlamellatum. Margo carapacis anterior 
sub oculo acutus, et ad angulum antero-lateralem spina acuta armatus. An- 
tennulae appendicem antennarum adequantes, flagelloexterno omnino incras- 
satoet quam internum multo breviore. Antennae rostro breviores; squamis 
elongatis, longitudine tertiam partem rostri aequantibus, vix minuentibus, 
latitudine quartam longitudinis aequante. Abdomen superne carinatum et acute 
tridentatum, (segmentis 3tio 4to 5toque dentigeris) ; segmento ultimo lamellis’ 
lateralibus longiore, dorso paribus tribus aculeorum armato. Animal vivum 
fere pellucidum, rostro, cauda, et ventro rubris exceptis. lLong., rostro in- 
cluso, 2.5; alt. thoracis, 0.18 poll. 

Hab.—In portu ‘‘ Hong Kong ;’’ in fundo limoso prof. sex. org. sat vul- 
garis. 


LATREUTES,* nov. gen. Rhynchocyclo affinis. Carapax dorso spina mediana 
armatus. Rostrum grande, elongatum, lamellatum, cultriforme, margine 
superiore recto ;,vel rectiusculo. Antennulae bi-flagellatae, squama_basali 
brevi, orbiculata, sub oculo celata. Antennarum appendix acuta. Mandibulae 
robustae, breves, valde incurvatae. Mavxillipedes externi breves, exognatho 
flagelloque instructi. Pedes primi, secundi, tertii, quartique paris flagello in- 
structi. Pedum secundi paris carpus tri-articulatus. 


389. LATREUTES ENSIFERUS. Hippolyte ensiferus, Milne-Edwards; Hist. Nat. 
des Crust. ii. 374. Goodsir; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. xv. 74. Dana; U. 5. 
Expl. Exped., Crust., i. 562.—In Oceano Atlantico, lat. bor. 30°—35°; vul- 
garis in Sargasso. 


390. LATREUTES DORSALIS, nov. sp. Elongatus et compressus. Carapax 
dorso carinatus et dentibus duobus armatus, dente anteriore spiniformi an- 
trorsum porrecto, dente posteriore obtuso fere obsolescente. Rostrum cultri- 
forme carapace non brevius, antennulas et appendices antennarum superans, 
paullo reflexo; marginibus supra infraque subtiliter partim denticulatis. 
Margo carapacis anterior prope angulum antero-lateralem dentibus minutis 
spiniformibus pectinatus. Amtennularum pedunculus flagellorum tertiam 
partem longitudine adequans ; flagella aequalia. Antennarum pedunculus 
eum antennularum non superans; appendix elongato-triangularis, vel lanceo- 
lata, valde acuta. Maxillipedes externi apicem pedunculi antennarum attin- 
gentes. Pedes breves, et, primis exceptis, graciles. Pedum secundi paris 
carpi articulus secundus articulos primum tertiumque junctos adequans. Abdo- 
men obtuse-carinatum, dorso undulatum, marginibus infernis inerme; segmento 
caudali aculeis dorsalibus carente, aculeis extremitatis longis. Color coccineus ; 
dorsum albo univittatum. Long. 0.8 poll. 

: Hab.—In sinu ‘‘ Hakodadi’’? Japoniae; vulgaris in fundo conchoso, prof. 
org. 


Ruyncwocycius, Stm. (Cyclorhynchus, De Haan ;—nom. praeoc.) Rostrum 
grande, orbiculatum, lamellatum. Antennulae flagellis duobus instructae ; 
peduneulo brevi; squama basali orbiculata, sub oculo celata. Maxillipedes 
externi breyes, exognatho flagellogue instructi. Pedes lmi—4ti flagello 
instructi. Carpus pedum secundorum tri-articulatus. 

391. Ruyncnocyctus PLANiRostRis. Cyclorhynchus planirostris, De Haan ; 
Fauna Japonica, Crust., 175, pl. xlv. f. 7.—In sinu ‘‘ Hakodadi,’’ et prope oras 
boreales insulae ‘‘ Niphon ;’’ in fundis sabulosis arenosisque prof. 10—20 org. 


*rarpeutns, cultor. 


1860.] 


28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


392. RHYNCHOCYCLUS MUCRONATUS, nov. sp. Dorsum carapacis spina una 
selum armatum, mediana, valida et spiniformi. Rostrum ovatum, quam in 
C. planirostri angustius, appendices antennarum paullo superans, extremitate 
valide mucronatum, margine antico supra infraque sex-denticulatum. Margo 
anterior carapacis spina sub oculo armatus, et ad basin antennarum spinis 
minutis octo pectinatus. Abdomen ecarinatum ; segmento tertio dorso sat 
prominente. Color pallide fuscus, albo-maculatus. Pedes subrufi. Long. 1 
poll. 


Hab.—In freto ‘‘Ly-i-moon’’ prope Hong Kong; f. conchoso p. 25 org. 


393. RHyNCHOCYCLUS COMPRESSUS, nov. sp. Corpus compressum. Carapax 
crista valida dorsali instructus bi-dentata, dentibus obtusis, dente anteriore 
majore et spina minutaanticearmato. Rostrum latius (altius) quam longius, 
appendices antennarum superans, oblique truncatum; margine superiore con- 
cavo, laevi; margine supero-anteriore sex-dentato ; margine inferiore convexo, 
arcuato, laevi. Spina infra-ocularis minuta. Margo carapacis ad insertionem 
antennarum tri-denticulatus. Maxillipedes externi extremitate obtusi et 
spinis validis corneis septem armati. Pedes toti valde breves. Carpus pedum 
primi paris obtusus. Abdomendorso obtusum. Color purpureo-fuscus, dorso 
paullo ceruleus. Long. 0.75 poll. 

Hab.—In portu ‘‘ Jackson’? Australiae ; f. algoso p. 2 org. 


394. GNATHOPHYLLUM FASCIOLATUM, nov. sp. G. eleganti valde affinis, colore 
excepto. Corpus obesum. Carapax dorso obtuse carinatus, carina retrorsum 
obsoleta et antrorsum rostro continua; rostro brevi, apicem articuli antepe- 
nultimi antennularum pedunculi non attingente, superne oblique truncato, 
paullo concavo et sexdentato, extremitate acuto, carinis lateralibus juxta 
marginem inferiorem laevem sitis. Oculi grandiores. Segmentum caudale 
aculeis duobus marginalibus versus extremitatem, et duobus longis ad ex- 
tremitatem armatum. Corpus album, pellucidum, fasciis linearibus trans- 
versis purpureo-fuscis ad 10 ornatum ; pedunculis oculorum bi-vittatis ; max- 
illipedibus externis superficie annulis quatuor eidem coloris notatis. Long. 
0.8; carapacis lat. 0.23 poll. 

Hab.—In portu ‘‘Jackson’’ Australiensi; in fundo limoso prof. sex org. 


395. AtyomA BisuLCATA, Randall; Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., viii. 140 ; 
pl. v. f.5. Dana; U.S. Expl. Exped. Crust. i. 540, pl. xxxiv. f. 1.—Ad in- 
sulam ‘‘ Hawaii.’’ « 


396. ATYOIDA TAHITENSIS, nov. sp. A. bisulcatae valde similis, (an diversa?) 
sed rostro paullo breviore, latiore et magis depresso; flagello externo anten- 
nularum quam internum dimidia breviore; et angulo postero-inferiore seg- 
menti abdominis quinti minus acuto. Long. 1 poll. 

Hab.—In aquis dulcibus insulae ‘‘ Tahiti.’ 


397. CARIDINA GRANDIROSTRIS, nov. sp. Rostrum carapace vix brevius, 
appendices antennarum superans, extremitate gracile paullo reflexum ; crista 
dorsali supra oculos fere recta et denticulis minutis ad 20 serrata, denticulo 
postico supra basim pedunculorum oculorum sito; cristae parte quarta an- 
teriore edentula, denticulo uno mediano et duobus apicalibus exceptis ; rostri 
margine inferiore obscure 8—10-denticulato. Pedum primi paris carpus quam 
manus multo brevior; secundi paris carpus valde gracilis et manu parce 
longior. Segmentum caudale lamellis lateralibus quarta parte brevius, dorso 
paribus sex aculeorum instructum. Long. 1poll. C. denticulatae affinis sed 
rostro longiore. A C. longirostri differt dentibus rostri superne magis numero- 
sis. 
Hab.—Ad insulam ‘‘ Loo Choo.”’ 

398. CARIDINA LEUCOSTICTA, nov. sp. Rostrum circiter carapacis longitudine, 
pedunculo antennularum longius ; margine superiore recto, dentibus tenuibus 
ad 17+ 3 armato, apicem versus parce resimo et edentulo; margine inferiore 


[Jan. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 29 


10-dentato. Spina antennalis alte posita. Pedes gracillimi; posticorum 
merus margine inferiore spinulis‘longis 2—5 armatus. Color obscure-fuscus,. 
maculis vel stigmis minutis crebris albis notatus. Long.1 poll. A C. den- 
ticulata differt rostro recto magis denticulato.- 

Hab.—In fiumine prope urbem ‘‘ Simoda’’ Japoniae. 


399. CARIDINA MULTIDENTATA, noy. sp. Rostrum medium articuli ultimi 
pedunculi antennularum attingens ; crista dorsali lamellato-dilatata, arcuata, 
supra bases oculorum oriente, et denticulis 20—30 serrata; extremitate ro- 
busta, acuta, vix denticulata; margine inferiore 14-denticulato. Margo 
carapacis anterior spina antennali armatus. Pedes secundi paris pedunculum 
antennularum superantes; carpo manu longiore; digitis depressis, penicillis 
densis, latis, fere flabelliformibus. Dactyli pedum posticorum breves, septi- 
mam partem articuli penultimi longitudine non superantes. Segmentum cau- 
dale dorso non concavum, paribus quinque aculeorum instructum; lamellae 
laterales grandes, segmento caudale fere duplo longiores, extremitatibus pro- 
ductis subtriangularibus. Long. 1.5 poll. 

Hab.—Ad insulas ‘‘ Bonin ;’’ in rivulis montanis. 


400. CARIDINA SERRATA, noy. sp. Rostrum breve, articulum antepenulti- 
mum pedunculi antennularum vix superans, elongato-triangulare et ad basin 
sat latum in plano horizontali, extremitate acutum ; crista dorsali sat dilatata, 
arcuata et dentibus 14 serrata. Pedes secundi paris longi, appendices antenna- 
rum superantes ; carpo valde gracili; manu robusta, penicillis quam in 
manibus primis multo longioribus. Long. 0.75 poll. 

Hab.—Ad insulam ‘‘ Hong Kong;”’ in rivulis. 


401. CARIDINA ACUMINATA, nov. sp. Thorax sat compressus. Rostrum 
breve, oculos parce superans, trigonum, ad basin horizontaliter latum, ad ex- 
tremitatem paullo deflexum; marginibus totis levibus; crista dorsali non 
dilatata, dorso continua. Antennularum flagella longitudine aequalia. Manu- 
um penicilli parvi, breves. Pedes postici spinulis asperi; tertii et quinti 
paris quam quarti paris longiores. Color olivaceus, punctatus. Long. 1 

oll. 

. Hab.—Ad insulas ‘‘ Bonin ;” in rivulis montanis. 


402, CARIDINA BREVIROSTRIS, nov. sp. Corpus gracile. Rostrum brevissimum, 
oculis brevius, trigonum; margine superiore obtuso, laevi. Margo carapacis 
ad basin antennarum inermis. Manus primi paris digiti breves, quam palma 
multo breviores. Pedum posticorum dactyli robusti, vix curvati; et quartam 
partem articuli penultimi longitudine aequantes. Long. 0.5 poll. 
natae affinis, rostro breviore. 

Hab.—Ad insulam ‘‘ Loo Choo ;”’ in aquis dulcibus. 


C. acumi- 


403. CARIDINA EXILIROSTRIS, nov. sp. Rostrum ei C. typi fere simile, sed 
minus ;—valde gracile, compressum, angustum, acutum, medium articuli pe- 
nultimi antennularum pedunculi parce superans; margine superiore laevi, 
carapace continuo ; margine inferiore obsolete 2-3-dentato. Pedes secundi 
paris longi, valde graciles; manu parva, compressa; carpo manu longiore. 
Pedum posticorum dactyli tertiam partem articuli penultimi longitudine ade- 
quantes. Long. 1.25 poll. 

Hab.—Ad insulam ‘‘ Loo Choo ;”’ in aquis dulcibus. 


404, AnpHEus RAPAX, Fabr.; Suppl. Ent. Syst., 405. De Haan; Fauna Ja- 


ponica, Crust. 177, pl. xlv. f. 2.—Prope oras Sinenses in lat. bor. 23°; in fun- 
do limoso prof. 6-20 org. 


405. AupHEus AvARus, Fabr.; Suppl. Ent. Syst., 440 A. strenuus, Dana; 
U.S. Expl. Exped., Crust. i. 543, pl. xxxiv. f. 4.—Ad insulas ‘‘ Hawaii,’’ 
‘*Bonin’”’ et ‘‘Ousima ;”’ in portibus ‘‘Simoda’’ et ‘‘ Hong Kong ;’’ et in freto 


1860.] 


30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


‘* Gaspar ;’’ littoralis vel sublittoralis sub lapidibus in sabulo habitans ;—in- 
terdum in aquis sat profundis. 


406. ALPHEUS Bis-INcIsus, De Haan; Fauna Japonica, Crust. pl. xlv. f. 3. 
A. avarus, De Haan; (non Fabr.) 1. c. p.179.—In sinu ‘‘ Kagosima’’ Japoniae ; 
in fundo nigro-arenoso ad prof. 20 org. 


407. ALPHEUS PACHYCHIRUS, nov. sp. Frons lata, truncata. Carapax inter 
oculos carinatus, carina postice obsolescente, antice marginem frontalem vix 
superante ; palpebris valde tumidis, sed aeque marginem non superantibus, 
Antennularum pedunculi articulus penultimus quam antepenultimus paullo 
longior. Antennae carentes spina basali externa ; appendice quam pedunculus 
multo breviore. Maxillipedes externi sat graciles, articulo ultimo brevyi, elon- 
gato-ovato, extus depresso et parce concayvo, marginibus longe ciliato. Pedum 
primi paris manus extroversa, digito exteriore. Manus major crassissima, ro- 
tundata, laevis, superne et versus digitos pilosa, sinibus nullis; digitis valde 
brevibus ; dactylo dimidiam palmae non aequante, hamato, apice acuto. Manus 
minor maris dimidiam majoris magnitudine adequans, valde robusta, superne 
pilosa ; digitis palma non brevioribus ; dactylo dilatato, intus concavo et dense 
pubescente, prope apicem contracto. Manus minor foeminae parva, valde gra- 
cilis, digitis brevibus, teretibus. Pedum tertii paris merus paullo dilatatus et 
apice inferiore dente armatus. Dactyli pedum sex posticorum breves. Seg- 
mentum caudale medio depressum. Long. 1 poll. A. frontali, M. Edw., af- 
finis, sed fronte minus prominente et paullo rostrata; articulo pedunculi an- 
tennularum penultimo breviore, etc. 

Hab.—Ad insulam ‘‘ Loo Choo.”’ 


408. ALPHEUS STREPTOCHIRUS, noy. sp. Frons inter oculos sat angusta, le- 
viter carinata ; rostrum breve, spiniforme; orbita rotundato-convexa, spinula 
minuta armata. Articulus antennularum pedunculi penultimus antepenul- 
timo sesqui longior. Antennarum spina externa basis obsoleta; pedunculus 
longitudine appendici fere aequalis. Maxillipedum externorum articulns ulti- 
mus angustus, minuiscens, extremitate pilosus. Manus major versus extremi- 
tatem extrorsum torta, et constricta vel utrinque excavata; palma superne pi- 
losa, antice spinulis duabus armata, latere externo vel inferiore tri-sulcata, sulco 
mediano longiore postice deflexo, sulcis exterioribus antice sinibus margin- 
alibus confiuentibus ; pollex brevissimus; dactylus exterior, brevis, latus, valde 
curvatus. Manus minor maris robusta; digitis compressis non hiantibus, pal- 
ma paullo brevioribus ; dactylo perlato. Pedum tertiorum quartorumque me- 
rus compressus, sed non dilatatus, extremitate infra dente armatus. Long. 
0.5 poll. 

Hab.—Ad insulas ‘‘ Cape de Verdes ;”’ inter nulliporas ad prof. 20 org. 


409. ALPHEUS BREVIPES, nov. sp. Carina frontalis et orbitae antrorsum acu- 
tae, apicibus marginem frontalem vix superantibus. Apices orbitarum intror- 
sum curvati. Antennae spina externa non armatae; appendice parva, acuta, 
quam pedunculus breviore. Maxillipedes externi parvi. Manus major cras- 
sissima, inflata, rotundata, laevis, extrorsum torta, antice paullo contracta 
sed non excavata; dactylus exterior, brevis, obtusus. Manus minor exilis, 
digitis brevibus, nec hiantibus nec dilatatis. Pedum secundorum articulus 
carpi secundus primo duplo longior. Pedes tertii quartique breves, compressi; 
mero lato, inferne unidentato ; art. penultimo inferne spinuloso; dactylo gra- 
cile, curvato, simplici vel inermi. Pedes quinti quartis multo breviores, valde 
graciles. Long. 0.5 poll. 

Hab.—Ad insulas Hawaienses ; inter ramos madreporarum. 


410. ALPHEUS COLLUMIANUS, nov. sp. Frons inter oculos carinata; rostrum 
breve, spiniforme: orbita margine spinula armata. Antennularum pedunculus 
hirsutus; articulo penultimo antepenultimo sesqui longiore. Antenna extus: 
basin spina parva armata; appendice parva, gracili, acuta, pedunculi apicem 


[Jan. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 31 


vix attingente. Maxillipedum ext. articulus ultimus gracilis, dense setosus. 
Manus major ei A. streptochiri similis. Manus minor maris compressa, digitis 
non dilatatis, vix hiantibus, longitudine palmam adaequantibus. Pedes tertii 
quartique mediocres, compressi, basi spina minuta armati; mero lato, inferne 
spinuloso et apicem unidentato ; articulo penultimo spinulis sex validis inferne 
armato ; dactylo longo valde gracili, minus curvato, versus apicem dente mi- 
nuto armato. Long. 0.75 poll. 
Hab.—Ad insulas ‘‘ Bonin ;’’ inter corallia viventia ad prof. 1 org. 


411. Atpnevs NEpTUNUS, Dana; U.S., Expl. Exped., Crust. i. 553, pl. xxxv. 
f.5. Maxillipedes externi elongati, apice spinulosi. Manus majoris palma 
spina ad basin digitorum armata. Pedum secundorum articulus carpi quar- 
tus tertio duplo longior. Pedum posticorum dactyli bi-unguiculati, ungui- 
culo secundo dorsali vel in facie anteriore posito. 

Hab.—Prope insulam ‘‘ Ousima;’’ in fundo arenoso prof. 30 org. Etiam in 
portu ‘* Hong Kong.”’ 


412. ALPHEUS BIUNGUICULATUS, nov. sp. A. neptuno valde affinis, sed denti- 
bus frontalibus brevioribus ; palma manus majoris spina ad basin dactyli ca- 
rente; pedibus posticis brevioribus, dactylis biunguiculatis, unguiculo secun- 
do ventrali. Pedum tertii quartique paris merus inferne spinulis non armatus. 
Long. 0.5 poll. 

Hab.—Ad insulas Hawaienses; inter madreporas. 


413. ALPHEUS SPINIGER, nov. sp. A. neptuno affinis. Corpus robustum. 
Dentes frontales validi, acuti; rostrum apicem articuli pedunculi antennula- 
rum penultimi fere attingens ; spinae orbitales rostro dimidia breviores. An- 
tennae basi spina brevi sed gracile armatae. Antennularum squama basalis 
acuta, brevis. Maxillipedum externorum articulus ultimus brevis, pilosus, 
apice spinulis gracillimis armatus. Manus major crassissima, rotundata, lae- 
vis, nuda; palma inermi; pollice intus bidentato; dactylo compresso, mar- 
gine superiore acuto. Pedum secundorum carpi articulus primus articulos 
quatuor sequentes adequans. Pedum trium posticorum merus linearis, iner- 
mis, nudus ; unguiculus secundus dactyli minutus ventralis, retrorsum curva- 
tus. Long. 1 poll. 

Hab.—Ad insulas ‘‘ Amakirrima’’ prope ‘‘ Loo Choo.”’ 


414, AtpHEevs LAEvis, Randall; Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., viii. 141. 
Dana; U.S. Expl. Exped., Crust. i. 556, pl. xxxv. f. 8.—Ad insulam ‘‘ Ha- 
waii.”’ 

415. ALPHEUS GRACILIPES, nov. sp. ,A. laevi frontem affinis. Orbitae antice 
acutae, potius quam spiniferae. Antennularum squama basalis apex spinifor- 
nis, apicem articuli pedunculi antepenultimi attingens ; art. penultimus ante- 
penultimo fere duplo longior. Antennae basi spina minuta armatae ; appendice 
pedunculum superante. Maxillipedes externi graciles, articulo ultimo quam 
penultimus tertia parte modo longior, apice sparsim longe pilosus. Manus 
major recta, elongata, triplolongior quam latior ; margine superiore versus ba- 
sin dactyli canaliculato, inferiore levi. Manus minor mediocris, digitis palma 
parce brevioribus, non hiantibus. Pedum secundorum carpi articulus secundus 
primo vix brevior, quintus quarto longior. Pedes postici valde graciles, mero 
angusto inermi; articulo penultimo infra quadri-aculeato; dactylo gracili, 
longo, unguiculo unico. Long. 0.6 poll. 

Hab.—Ad insulam ‘‘ Tahiti ;’’ inter corallia ad prof. org. una. 

Genus Berarvus, Dana; U.S. Expl. Exped., i. 558.—Frons superficie levis 
ecarinata, margine recta, sinuata, vel dentata. Antennularum squama vel 
spina basalis longissima. Manus forma similes, et pleruamque subaequales. 
Pedum secundorum carpi articulus primus praelongus. 


416. BETAEUS AUSTRALIS, noy.sp. Corpus et abdomen gracilia, sub-compres- 


1860.] 


32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


sa, levia. Frons superficie aequalis, margine convexa, levis, interdum media 
convexa. Antennularum pedunculus robustus, cylindricus, ei antennarum 
aequalis ; squama basali longa, apice spiniformi, articulo penultimo superante. 
Antennarum appendix pedunculi apicem non attingens; flagellum mediocris 
longitudinis, parte basali crassum. Maxillipedes ext. apicibus non spinosi. 
Pedes primi paris elongati, aequales; mero inferne aspero; carpi marginibus 
anticis dilatatis et 4-5-dentatis, basin manus circumdantibus ; manu elongata, 
levi, punctata, inferne paullo pilosa ; digitis gracilibus, longitudinalibus, palma 
brevioribus, hiantibus, intus bidentatis, apicibus decussatis. Pedum secun- 
dorum carpi articulus primus tres sequentes conjunctos adaequans. Pedes 
postici graciles ; mero carpoque cylindricis inermibus apicibus incrassatis ; ar- 
ticulo penultimo carpo multo graciliore, subtiliterspinuloso. Segmentum cau- 
dale elongatum. Color viridis. Long. 1 poll. 
Hab.—Portu Jacksonensi Australiae ; sublittoralis inter rupes et algas. 


417. BETAEUS TRISPINOSUS, nov. sp. Frons rostro longo aciculiformi et den- 
tibus duobus orbitalibus acuminatis rostro dimidia brevioribus armata. An- 
tennulae grandes ; pedunculo appendicem antennarum multo superante ; ar- 
ticulo pedunculi penultimo ultimo fere duplo longiore et antepenultimo ae- 
quali; spina basali medium penultimi attingente. Antennae extus basi iner- 
mes ; pedunculo apicem appendicis non attingente. Maxillipedum ext. articulus 
ultimus gracilis, quam penultimus plus duplo longior, apice tenuis, breviter 
ciliatus. Pedes antici fere aequales; manu elongata, palma duplo longiore 
quam altiore, paullo compressa, laevi, margine inferiore integra, margine su- 
periore longitudinaliter profunde canaliculata et prope dactylum sinuata; digi- 
tis palma vix dimidia brevioribus, compressis, intus versus basin dentatis ; 
dactylo lunato. Pedum secundorum carpi art. primus dimidiam longitudinis 
carpi formans, art. secundus tertio parce longior et quinto multo brevior. Pe- 
des postici valde graciles ; quartorum quintorumque merus nec dilatatus nec 
inferne armatus ; articulus penultimus apicem inferne aculeo longo armatus ; 
dactylus tertiam partem art. penultimi longitudine aequans. Segmentum cau- 
dale elongato-subtriangulare, apice parvo truncato. Long. 0.6 poll. 

Hab.—Portu Jacksoniensi; inter spongias e fundo limoso prof. sex org. 


ARETE,* noy. gen. Setaco affinis, sed oculis sub carapace non celatis. Cara- 
pax sat compressus, dorso elevato, arcuato. Rostrum breve, elongato-triangu- 
latum, superne obtusum. Antennulae bi-flagellatae, squamis basalibus grandi- 
bus. Maxillipedes ext. eis Alphei fere similes. Pedes primi grandes, aequales, 
manibus inversis depressis, dactylo exteriore. Pedes secundi breves, carpis 
quadriarticulatis. 


418. ARETE DORSALIS, nov. sp. Corpus leve, nitidum. Dorsum obtusum. 
Rostrum apicem art. penultimi antennularum pedunculi attingens; basi 
utrinque profunde canaliculatum. Oculi retractiles (?), pedunculis sub cara- 
pace semper celatis. Orbita angulo externo spina armata. Antennae breves. 
Autennularum pedunculi art. ultimus articulos duos praecedentes conjunctos 
adaequans ; squama basali medium art. ultimi attingente. Antennarum ap- 
pendix brevis, lata, pedunculum vix superans. Pedes primi paris leves ; car- 
po crasso, margine antico,basin manus circumdante; manu (digitis inclusis) 
duplo longiore quam latiore, et carapace dimidia breviore; digitis depressis, 
non hiantibus, extus laevibus, intus denticulatis, apicibus hamatis; dactylo 
palma tertia parte breviore. Pedum secundorum carpi art. primus art. se- 
quentes conjunctos adaequans; art. quartus articulos secundum tertiumque. 
Pedes postici inter se aequales, sat breves, leves, subcylindrici; dactylis bi- 
unguiculatis. Color obscure-purpureus. Long. 0.5 poll. 

Hab.—In freto ‘‘Ly-i-moon,’’? prope insulam ‘‘Hong Kong;”’ inter rupes 
sublittorales. 


* Apntn, DOM. propr. 


[Jan. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. . 33 


419. Hippotyte acuneata, M. Edw; Hist. Nat. des Crust. ii. 380. Cancer 
aculeatus, O. Fabr., Fauna Groenl., No. 217. Hippolyte armata, Owen, Bee- 
chey’s Voy. Zool., p. 88, pl. xxvii. f. 2. H. cornuta, Owen, 1. c., p. 89, pl. 
Xxviii. f. 2.—In freto ‘‘Seniavine’”’ et in sinu ‘‘ Avatska;’’ e fundo limoso prof. 
10-15 org. Etiam in Oceano Arctico; prof. 20-30 org. 


420. HIPPoLyTE RECTIROSTRIS, nov. sp. Robusta. Carapax cristatus, tertia 
parte posteriore excepta ; margine antico, spina antennali et spina pterygosto- 
miana praedito. Rostrum horizontale, apicem antennularum pedunculi attin- 
gens, margine superiore recto, sex-dentato,* dentibus aequalibus et aequidis- 
tantibus ; tribus posterioribus in carapace sitis ; margine inferiore antice paulo 
dilatato et quadridentato, dentibus minutis. Antennulae appendicem anten- 
narum vix superantes. Maxillipedes externi robusti, appendices antennarum 
superantes ; epignatho,t neque exognatho praediti. Pedes primi graciles, manu 
elongata, digitis gracilibus palma multo brevioribus. Pedes primi, secundi, 
tertiique paris epipodot praediti. Abdominis dorsum leve, ecarinatum, sed 
segmento tertio paullo acutum. Segmentum candale quatuor paribus acule- 
orum dorsalium armatum. Long. 1.5 poll. 

Hab.—Portu ‘‘ Hakodadi’’ Japoniae borealis; in locis profundis maris. 


421. HippoLyTe CRISTATA, noy.sp. Carapax tertia parte anteriore carinatus ; 
margine antico spina antennali et spina pterygostomiana armato. Rostrum 
gracile, fere horizontale, pedunculo antennularum parce brevius; crista supe- 
riore sex-dentata, supra oculos arcuata, dentibus duobus posterioribus in cara- 
pace, dente posteriore aliis minore et remotiore, dente anteriore etiam minore 
et ab apice rostri paullo remoto; apice subtus bidentato. Antennulae apicem 
appendicis antennarum non superantes. Mawxillipedes ext. graciles, hune at- 
tingentes apicem, epignatho non vero exognatho instructi. Pedes primi, se- 
cundi, tertiique paris epipodo instructi. Pedum secundorum carpus septem- 
articulatus. Abdomen ecarinatum. Tria aculeorum segmenti caudalis ultimi 
lateralium paria. Long. 1 poll. Ab H. palpatore, brevirostrique {differt max- 
illipedibus externis brevioribus ; ab HZ. picta, pedibus secundo tertioque epi- 
podo instructis; ab H. layi rostro breviore. 

Hab.—Portu ‘‘ San Francisco’’ Californiae ; fundo arenoso prof. 5-10 org. 


422. HippotyTE BREviRosTRIS, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust. i. 556, pl. 
xxxvi. f. 5.—In portu ‘‘ San Francisco.”’ 


423. HippoLyTE BOREALIS, Owen; Appendix to Ross’ Voyage, p. 24, pl. i. f. 
3. Kroyer; Monog. Fremstilling af Hippolyte’s Nordiske Arter, p. 122, pl. iii, 
f. 74-77.—In profundis Oceani Arctici. 


424, Hippo.yTe poLaris, Owen; App. to Ross’ Voy. p. 85. Kroyer; Monog. 
Fremst. Hippol. p. 116, pl. iii. f. 78-81. Alpheus polaris, Sabine.—In profun- 
dis sabulosis Oceani Arctici. 


425. HippolyTE CAMTSCHATICA, nov. sp. Gracilis. Carapax antice breviter 
carinatus ; margine antico spina antennali et spina pterygostomiana minutis- 
sima armato. Rostrum subcultratum, carapace non breviore, apicem appen- 
dicis antennarum attingens, superne quinque-dentatum, dentibus subaequali- 
bus et aequidistantibus, dente secundo supra oculorum basin sito; crista infe- 
riore paullo dilatato, quinque-dentato, dentibus primo ultimoque minutis ; apice 
gracillimo, acutissimo. Antennarum appendices grandes. Maxillipedes ext. 
antennarum pedunculum paullo superantes et medium appendicis attingentes, 
epignatho non vero exognatho praediti. Pedes longi, epipodo destituti. Ab- 
domen leve, ecarinatum; articulo tertiomodice prominente. Segmentum cau- 
dale paribus quinque aculeorum dorsalium armatum. Long. 1 poll. Ab H/. 
sitchaensi differt rostro magis acuto et inferne magis dentato. 


* Margine cristae carapacis dorsalis semper incluso, 
° t+ Epignathus et epipodus=flagellum. 


1860.] 


34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


426. HIPPoLYTE PANDALOIDES, nov. sp: Corpus gracile, fusiforme. Carapax 
per dimidiam anteriorem carinatus ; margine antico spina antennali solum ar- 
mato. Rostrum gracillimum, fere rectum, horizontale, quam carapax multo 
longius et appendices antennarum multo superans, superne 10-12 dentatum, 
dentibus duobus posterioribus in carapace, anterioribus fere obsoletis; crista 
inferiore decemdentata, dentibus quam superiores majoribus. Appendices an- 
tennarum grandes carapace non breviores, antennulas superantes. Maxilli- 
pedes externi brevissimi, pedunculum antennarum non superantes, epignathe 
non vero exognatho instructi. Pedes epipodo destituti ; secundi paris carpus 
septem-articulatus ; posticorum merus margine inferiore spinulosus. Abdo- 
men ecarinatum, sed segmento tertio prominens ; segmento ultimo paribus sex 
aculeorum dorsalium armato. Color viridis. Long. 1.75 poll. 

Hab.—Sinu ‘‘ Hakodadi;”’ inter lapides ad prof. 2 org. 


427. HippoLyTE GENICULATA, nov. sp. Maxillipedes ext. epignatho non vero 
exognatho instructi; pedes epipodo destituti. . pandaloidae valde affinis, ro- 
bustior, rostro breviore, quam carapax non longiore, superne quadridentato, in- 
ferne septem-dentato, medio paullo dilatato. Abdomen segmento tertio forte 
geniculatum, valde prominens, compressum, cristatum. Color obscure-pur- 
pureus, linea dorsali alba. Long. 2 poll. 

Hab.—Cum praecedente. 


428, HIPPOLYTE GRACILIROSTRIS, nov. sp. Carapax levis, antice brevissime 
carinatus; margine antico spina pterygostomaira solum armato. Rostrum gra- 
cillimum, rectum, paullo deflexum, breve, articulum penultimum pedunculi 
antennularum non superans, superne sex-dentatum, dentibus aequalibus, duobus 
posticis in carapace ; apice bi-denticulato; margine inferiore denticulis duobus 
approximatis apice paullo remotis armato. Maxillipedes ext. appendices anten- 
rnarum parce superantes, exognatho epipodoque praediti. Pedes primi secundi 
tertiique epipodo instructi; tertii quarti quintique paris graciles. Abdomen 
dorso leve ecarinatum ; segmentum ultimum paribus quatuor aculeorum dorsa- 
jium praeditum. Long. 0.75 poll. 

Hab.—Portu ‘ Hakodadi ;” in regione laminariarum. 


429. HipPpoLYTE LEPTOGNATHA, nov. sp. Carapax per dimidiam anteriorem 
carinatus et dentatus; margine antico spina antennali et pterygostomiana 
armato. Rostrum pedunculum antennularum superans, appendicis antennarnm 
apicem vero non attingens, horizontale; crista superiore antrorsum integra, re- 
trorsum 4-5-dentata, dentibus posticis tribus vel quatuor in carapace; crista in- 
feriore antice paullo dilatata et dentibus parvulis tribus vel quatuor instructa. 
Appendices antennarum antennulas adaequantes vel paullo superantes. Maxil- 
lipedes ext. exiles, pedunculum antennarum superantes, appendices vero multo 
breviores, exognatho epignathoque instructi. Pedes Imi 2di 3tiique paris 
epipodo praediti; 2di paris carpus septem-articulatus, articulo tertio aliis lon- 
giore. Abdomen dorso laeve, ecarinatum; segmento tertio sat prominente : 
segmento ultimo paribus quatuor aculeorum. Pallide rubra, albo variegata. 
Long. 1 poll. 

Hab.—Siou “ Hakodadi;” vulgaris in fundis algoso-arenosis, prof. 2-6 org. 


430. HiepoLyTe TuRGIDA, Kroyer; Monog. Fremst. Hippol., 100, pl. ii, f. 57- 
58; pl. iii, f. 59-63.—In Oceano Arctico ad prof. 35 org.; et in freto “ Senia- 
vine:” fundo sabuloso, 10-20 org. 


431. HippoLyTe ocHorensis, Brandt.; Sibir. Reise, i209, pl. v, f. 17—In sinu 
*: Hakodadi.” 


432. HippoLyTE spina, White; Brit. Mus. Cat. Crust., 1847, p. 76. Bell; 
Brit. Crust. 284. H. sowerbei, Lam’k; Kroyer; Monog. Fremst. Hippol., 90, pl. 
ii, f. 45-54.—In freto “Seniavine;” (prope fretum Beringianum;) in fundis 
limosis prof. 10-20 org. 


. (Jan. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 35 


433. HipPoLyYTE Gippa, Kroyer; Monog. Fremst. Hippol. 80, pl. i, f. 30, 31, 
et pl. ii, f. 32-37.—In freto “ Seniavine” et in Oceano Arctico ; ey limosis 
et arenosis prof, 20-30 org. 


434. HippoLyTE PECTINIFERA, nov. sp. Corpus breve, altum. Carapax lamina 
dentata antrorsum latescente cristatus ; regione orbitali utrinque spinis tribus 
in serie longitudinali instructa; margine antico infra oculum spinis duabus 
(antennali et pterygostcmiana forti) armato. Rostrum latissimum, suborbicu- 
latum, (ei Rhynchocycli simili,) antennularum pedunculum superans, superne 
25-dentatum, dentibus posterioribus majoribus, dente postico ad tertiam partem 
anteriorem carapacis posito; margine inferiore bidentato, dentibus antrorsum 
sitis et quam superiores majoribus. Antennularum squamae basales validae 
acutae ab pedunculo divergentes; flagella brevia subaequalia. Antennae cor- 
pore breviores; appendice ovata, antrorsum acuta, rostrum superante. Max 
ext. exognatho epignathoque instructi. Pedes toti (secundis exclusis) breves 
et robusti ; primi secundi tertiique paris epipodo instructi; dactyli pedum pos- 
ticorum eis #7. aculeatae similes. Epimera abdominis segmentis 1-6 dentibue 
spinisve 4-5 pectinata, spina anteriore vulgo longiore. “Segmentum caudale 
paribus tribus aculeorum dorsalium munitum. Color pallide purpureus, margine 
carapacis antico et apicibus digitorum albis. Long. 0.75 poll. 

Hab.—Sinu “ Hakodadi;” f. conchoso org. 8. 


435. Hippotyte Fasricit, Kroyer; Monog. Fremst. Hippol. p. 69, pl. i, f. 12- 
20.—In sinu ‘ Avatska.” 


Virsius,* nov. gen. Hippolytae affinis. Dorsum carapacis rostrique ecari- 
natum. Mandibulae non palpigerae. Maxillipedes externi breves, exognatho 
non vero epignatho instructi. Pedes epipodo destituti. Pedum primi paris 
carpus antice excavatus; secundi paris carpus tri-articulatus. Hippolyte acu- 
minata, viridis, smaragdina, obliquimana, exilirostrata, varians et Prideauxana ad 
hoc genus fertinent. 


436. VIRBIUS AUSTRALIENSIS, noy. Sp. Carapax levis, spina orbitali instructus, 
spina antennali parvula, pterygostomiana nulla. Rostrum carapace vix brevius, 
superne laeve, basi horizontaliter latiuscum, apice acutum, margine inferiore cris- 
tatum et sexdentatum. Antennulae breves, pedunculo quam rostrum dimidia 
breviori, flagello interno externo duplo longiore. Antennarum appendices 
grandes, oblongae, rostrum superantes, intus apicem antrorsum dilatata; pe- 
dunculus extus spina armatus ad basin appendicis. Maxillipedes ext. apicem 
antennarum pedunculi non attigentes; articulo ultimo valde compresso, non 
duplo longiore quam latiore et quam art. penultimus non longiore. Pedes 
secundi apicem antennarum pedunculi non attingentes. Pedes postici parvi, 
articulo penultimo subtus spinulis armato; dactylo intus multi-unguiculato. 
Abdomen laeve forte genicqalatum. Segmentum caudale paribus duobus acule- 
orum dorsalium munitum, Color viridis. Long. 1.5 poll. 

Hab.—In portu Jacksoniensi Australiae ; inter algas ad prof. org. 2 


437. ViRBIUS ACUTUS, noy. sp. Carapax spina supra-orbitali et antennali 
armatus ; angulo antero-inferiore acuto. Rostrum gracillimum, peduuculum 
antennularum superans, appendices antennarum vero brevius, superne in medio 
unidentatum ; crista inferiore prope apicem quadridentata. Max. ext. breves, 
versus basin lati. Pedum secundorum carpi articuli subaequales, ultimus paullo 
longior. Pedum posticorum dactyli intus breviter spinosi, apice bi-unguiculati. 
Abdomen ecarinatum geniculatum, segmento tertio acute prominens. Appen- 
dices caudales parvi. Segmentum caudale paribus quatuor aculeorum plerum- 
que munitum, tribus approximatis, pari posteriore remoto. Color purpurens, 
variegatus. Long. 0.5 poll. 

Hab.—Ad insulam “ Loo Choo;” littoralis in rupibus algosis. 


* Virbius, Hippolyti filius. 
1860.] 


36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


438. Virpius KRrausstaNus, nov. sp. Carapax latiusculus, spina supra- 
orbitali et antennali armatus; spina pterygostomiana nulla. Rostrum gracile, 
pedunculum antennularum paullo longius, apicem appendicium antennarum vero 
non attingens, superne basi bidentatum, apice tridentatem, margine inferiore 
quadridentatum. Flagella antennularum subaequalia, appendices ant. vix 
superantia. Max. ext. articulus ultimus penultimo fere duplo longior. Abdo- 
men ecarinatum, forte geniculatum; segmentis caudalis aculeorum paribus 
duobus. Long. o.7 poll. 

Hab.—In sinu “Simon’s Bay,” prope Promontorium Bonae Spei. 


439. VIRBIUS ACUMINATUS. Hippolyte acuminata, Dana; U.S. Expl. Exped., 
Crust., i. 562, pl. xxx, f. 1.—In Oceano Atlantico. 


Genus Ruynouocinetes, M. Edw. Maxillipedes externi exognatho epignathoqne 
instructi; pedes primi, secundi, tertii, quartique paris epipodo praediti. 


440. RHYNCHOCINETES RUGULOSUS, nov. sp. Af. typo Chilensi valde affinis, sed 
superficie carapacis transversim striolata vel rugulosa, rugis quam in KR. typo 
magis conspicuis et crassioribus. Rostrum parte anteriore marginis superioris 
tridentatum, subtus 12-dentatum. Digiti pedum primi paris superne nudi.. 
Long. 2 poll. 

Hab.—In portu Jacksoniensi Australiae; sublittoralis inter rupes. 


Oayris*, nov. gen. Carapax parce cristatus, non rostratus. Oculi longis- 
simi, pedunculos antennarum superantes, pediculis gracillimis. Antennulae 
bi-flagellatae, pedunculo extus processu spiniformi ad basin praedito. Anten- 
narum appendix parvus, pedunculo multo brevior. Mandibulae graciles, pro- 
funde bipartitae, palpo laminato, biarticulato instructae. Maxillipedes secundi 
non pediformes ; externi grandes, longi, exognatho gracili instructi; articulo 
endognathi ultimo brevi, pilis plumosis longis vestito. Pedes exopodo des- 
tituti; primi secundique paris chelati; carpus secundi paris triarticulatus. 
Pedes 3tii 4ti 5tique paris inter se dissimiles, non chelati. Abdomen inerme, 
lamellis caudalibus brevibus, externis angustis. 


441. OGYRIS ORIENTALIS, nov. sp. Carapax pubescens, crista dorsali laevissima, 
dentibus 4—5 minutis antrorsum armata. Orbita angulo externo acuta vel 
spina armata. Oculi carapace non dimidia breviores, pedunculos antennula- 
rum superantes, pediculis pubescentibus basi valde incrassatis. Antennulae 
carapace non longiores, flagellis gracilibus, longitudine aequalibus, externo 
verus vasin paullo incrassato. Antennae corpore tertia parte breviores, ap- 
pendice parvo subovali. Maxillipedes externi extremitates antennularum fere 
attingentes, ad commissuram ultiman geniculati. Pedes sex postici pilosi, 
tertii quartique paris crassi, tertii breviores, quinti longi filiformes. Abdomen 
dorso laeve convexum, extremitate segmenti ultimi late rotundata, laminis 
caudalibus exterioribus incrassatis, extrorsum curfatis, acutis. Long. 1 poll. 

Hab.—In mari Sinensi, et insinu ‘‘ Kagosima ;” in fundis arenosis 5—25 org. 
prof. 


442. PANDALUS GONIURUS, nov. sp. Corpus gracile nudum. Rostrum tenue, 
carapace tertia parte longius, superne 9-dentatum, dentibus sparsis, tribus pos- 
terioribus in carapace sitis, duobus posticis minoribus approximatis et ab aliis 
magis remotis; marginis superioris parte dimidia anteriore edentulo: apice 
bifurcato vel bidentato, dente superiore minore; margine inferiore 7-dentato. 
Antennulae rostro non breviores. Antennarum appendices carapacis longitu- 
dine. Pedes primi omnino graciles, pedunculum antennarum superantes. Pe- 
dum posticorum dactyli longiores. Abdomen segmento tertio geniculatum, 
plus minusve acute compresso, prominente, vix vero dentato. Long. 2 poll. P. 
annulicorni affinis, rostro longiore, et abdominis segmenti tertii dorso compresso. 


*)/O>vpis, nomen insulae maris Indici. 


[Jan. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 37 


Hab.—In sinu “ Avatska” Kamtschatkae ; in fundo limoso prof. 10 org. vul- 
garis. 


443. PANDALUS PRENSOR, nov. sp. Gracilis. Rostrum thorace vix brevius, 
apicem antennarum appendicium non attingens; margine superiore 14-dentato, 
(dentibus 6 posticis in carapace,) tertia parte versus apicem edentulo; apice 
tridentato; margine inferiore quinque-dentato.* Antennula, rostro fere duplo 
longiores. Maxillipedes externi apicem antennarum appendicium fere attin- 
gentes, exognatho destituti. Pedes primi omnino graciles. Pedes tertii ma- 
jores, subprehensiles; articulo penultimo plus minusve dilatato, subcuryato, 
postice convexo, palma spinulosa, dactylo longo, ad palmam retractili. Pedes 
quarti quintique paris tertiis minores, dactylis brevibus. Abdomen dorso laeve, 
rotundatum ; segmento penultimo carapace demidia breviore; segmento ultimo 
quingue aculeorum instrncto paribus. Subtranslucidus, pallide coccineo-macu- 
latus. Long. 2 poll. 

Hab.—Sinu ‘ Hakodadi;” fundo conchoso, prof. 8 org. 


444. PANDALUS ROBUSTUS, nov. Sp. Corpus breve robustum. Rostrum carapacis 
Soka 
longitudine, appendices antennarum paullo superans; dentibus -——+3 arma- 


tum, margine superiore versus apicemedentulum. Antennulae rostro vix longio- 
res. Maxillipedesext. apicem appendicium ant. attingentes ; exognatho destituti. 
Pedes primie basi graciles. Pedum tertiorum articulus penultimus rectus, super- 
ficie asper; dactylus robustus et quam iste pedum quartorum quintorumque 
multo longior. Abdomen dorso laeve, rotundatum; segmento sexto perbrevi, 
longitudine carapacis tertiae partis; segmento caudali dorso pubescente, 
quingue aculeorum armato paribus. Long. 2 poll. 
Hab.—Sinu “ Hakodadi,” in profundis. 


445. PANDALUS GRACILIS, nov. sp. Corpus gracile. Rostrum carapace lon- 
7-+10 
gius, appendices antennarum superans, et dentibus ——--+-3 armatum, margi- 
8 

nis superioris tertia parte anteriore edentulum. Antennulae rostro parum lon- 
giores. Maxillipedes ext. medium appendicium antennarum vix superantes ; 
exognatho destituti. Pedum tertiorum articulus penultimus gracilis, laevis, 
sparsim pilosus, margine inferiore sparsim aculeatus; dactylus quam iste quarti 
quintique paris parum longior. Pedes quarti quintique graciliores, mero sub- 
tus spinuloso. Abdomen dorsi medio prominens, sed rotundatum; segmento 
sexto carapace plus dimidia breviore ; ultimo quinque aculeorum armato paribus. 
Long. 1.25 poll. 

flab.—Sinu “ Hakodadi.”’ 


446. PANDALUS ESCATILIS, nov. sp. Corpus pubescens coccineo-variegatum. 
Carapax dimidia anteriore carinatus, margine antico spina antennali, et ptery- 
gostomiana prope antennae insertionem sita armatus. Rostrum longum gra- 
cile, horizontale vel resimum, carapace multo longior, superne regulariter 60- 
denticulatum, (dente postico ad quintam anteriorem long. carap. sito,) inferne 
serratum, dentibus quam superioresminoribus. Maxillipedes externi exognatho 
instructi; endognatho ei P. annulicornis simili. Pedes gracillimi; primi paris 
apicem rostri attingentes, secundi paris eum maxillipedum externorum. Pedes 
3tii 4ti Stique paris rostrum multo superantes; mero subtus spinis sparsis 
armato; articulo antepenultimo quam merus multo graciliore, Long. 2.5 poll. 
P. narwal affinis, sed differt rostro magis subtiliter et regulariter serrata, et 
pedibus posticis spinosis. A P. priste differt in maxillipedibus externis. 

HTab.—Prope insulam Madeirae; in profundis. 


6-+8 
* En formula talis dentitionis, +3, 


1860.] 


38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


447. PANDALUS LEPTORHYNCHUS, nov. sp. Corpus gracillimum. Carapax vix 
eristatus, spina una dorsali in regione gastrica armatus : margine antico spina 
supra-orbitali, antennali et pterygostomiana instructo. Rostrum tenuissimum, 
fere filiforme, carapace non brevius, superne dente unico antrorsum porrecto 
versus basin armatum, subtus dentibus minutis duobus, uno mediano, altero 
versus apicem acutum sito. Antennularum pedunculus gracillimus, rostro 
quarta parte breviore ; squama basali lata, apice externo spiniformi; flagellum 
pedunculo non longius. Antennarum appendices rostro non breviores. Pe- 
des exiles ; tertii quarti quintique paris subprehensiles ;—dactylo ad latus pos- 
ticum art. penultimi retractili. Abdomen forte geniculatum, segmento tertio 
carina perobtusa armato; segmento sexto praelongo. Subpellucidus, lineis 
flavis, punctisque nigris ornatus. Long. 1 poll. 

Hab.—Portu Jacksoniensi Australiae ; ad littora arenosa et algosa. 


448. PonToNIA MACULATA, nov. sp. Foeminae corpus sat gracile. Carapax 
inermis. Rostrum art. penultimum antennularum pedunculi attingens, gra- 
cile, superne depressum, subtus acute cristatum, apice truncatum, marginibus 
edentulis. Oculi grandiores. Antennularum flagellum pedunculo brevius 
sed appendicem antennarum multo superans. Antennae corpore dimidia 
breviores, appendice carapace plus dimidia breviores, sed pedunculum antennu- 
larum paullo superantes, apice rotundato-obtuse. Max. externorum art. ante- 
penultimus gracilior. Pedum secundorum manus minor (?) gracilis, digitis 
intus edentulis ; (manus altera deest.) Pedum 3 posticorum dactyli uncinati, 
intus dente armati. Abdomen spinis nullis ad basin segmenti caudalis arma- 
tum. Pellucida, maculis minutis purpureis conspersa. Long. 0.75 poll. A 
P. tridacnae differt forma elongata, rostro graciliore, etc. 

Hab.—-Ad insulas ‘‘ Bonin ;”’ in Tridacnis. 


449. CoRALLIOCARIS* GRAMINEA. Oedipus gramineus, Dana; U. S. Expl. Exp., 
Crust. i. 574, pl. xxxvii. f. 3.—Ad insulam ‘‘ Hong Kong ;”’ in madreporis. 


450. CoRALLIOCARIS SUPERBA. Oedipus superbus, Dana; U.S. Expl. Exped., 
Crust. i. 573, pl. xxxvii. f. 2.—Ad insulam ‘‘ Tahiti ;”’ in corallis. 


451. CoRALLIOCARIS LAMELLIROSTRIS, nov. sp. Corpus depressum. Rostrum 
longum, pedunculum antennularum superans sed apicem appendicis antenna- 
rum non attingens, basi angustum; crista superiore dilatata, sexdentata, 
dente postico supra oculos sito; apice acuminato; margine inferiore apicem 
versus etiam dilatato, 4-5-denticulato. Antennulae appendices antennarum 
non superantes. Antennae corpore dimidia longiores. Max. externi planati 
sed sat angusti. Pedes primi apicem appendicium ant. attingentes, manibus 
vix hirsutis. Pedes secundi inaequales, manu majore (foeminae) valde gra- 
cili, digitis parvis, palma dimidia brevioribus, dactylo distorto non dilatato. 
Pedum posticorum dactyli eis C. macrophthalmae similes, vix setosi. Abdo- 
men segmento tertio prominens. Color viridis; carapax longitudinaliter, ab- 
domenque transverse rubro-fasciata. Long. 0.75 poll. 

Hab.—Ad insulam ‘‘ Loo Choo ;”’ inter corallia ad prof. 2. org. 


452. HaRPILIUS DEPRESSUS, nov. sp. Corpus late depressum. Carapax spi- 
na hepatica armatus. Oculi grandes, et, lateraliter porrecti, margines carapa- 
cis multo superantes. Rostrum longum, apicem antennarum appendicium 
fere attingens, crista inferiore parce dilatata, septem-dentata, dente postico 
parum post oculos sito; crista inferiore versus apicem valde dilatata, quadri- 
dentata, dentibus validis. Antennulae breviores, appendicem antennarum ap- 
rum superantes. Antennae corpore non longiores. Maxillipedes externi valde 
graciles, articulis ultimo penultimoque conjunctis antepenultimo adequanti- 


* Etym. xspaanov, corallium; xzpic, squilla. Nomen Oedipus Danae praeoc~ 
cupatur. 
[Jan. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 39 


bus, hoc in foeminis quam in maribus multo latiore. Pedes secundi grandes, 
laeves ; ischii, meri, carpique apicibus dentibus spiniformibus armatis ; manu 
carapace duplo longiore, digitis palma dimidia brevioribus, intus forte 2-3-den- 
tatis. Pedes postici robusti, dactylis curvatis apice fere obtusis. Abdomen 
gracile; segmento ultimo acuto, pari unico aculeorum dorsalium instructo. 
Long. 0.7 poll. 

Hab.—Ad insulam ‘‘ Hawaii;’’ inter madreporas. 


453. Ancuistia Danak, nov. sp. Corpus breve robustum. Carapax sat latus, 
spina hepatica armatus ; margine antico spina supra-orbitali et antennali in- 
structo. Rostrum parce dilatatum, pedunculum antennularum non attingens, 
dentibus superne septem, subtus tribus armatum. Oculi grandes, lateraliter 
margines carapacis multo superantes. Antennulae appendices antennarum su- 
perantes; flagello robusto quam flagellum tenue longiore, extremitate bifido. 
Appendices ant. apice sat latae. Mandibularum processts molaris ramus 
superior apice trifidus, ramus alter 5-6-dentatus, dentibus aliquibus scalprifor- 
mibus. Pedes primi carpum secundorum superantes. Pedes postici gracillimi. 
Segmentum caudale apice aculeis duobus longis instructum. Long, 0.5 poll. 

Hab.—Ins. “ Tahiti;” in corrallis. 


454. ANCHISTIA BRACHIATA, nov. sp, Carapax spina hepatica et antennali 
armatus: spina supra-orbitali nulla. Rostrum gracile, paullo resimum, appen- 
dices antennarum non superantes, superne dentibus 54 armatum, dente 
secundo supra oculos sito, subtus dentibus 2+ (apice in sp. nostro fracto). Oculi 
grandes. Antennarum appendices longae, angustae, extrorsum curvantes, car- 
apace longiores. Pedes secundi inaequales; carpus sinistri appendices ant. 
guperans; carpo meroque basi angustatis, versus apicem incrassatis; mero 
apice inferiore uni-spinoso; carpo apicem superne bi-spinosa subtus uni-spinosa ; 
manu incrassata quam carpus plus duplo longiore; digitis quam palma non 
dimidia parte brevioribus, paullo contortis, intus singulo dentibus duobus 
parvis acutisque armatis; dactylo margine superiore extus dilatato. Pes 
secundi paris dexter minor, digitis longioribus compressis nec distortis nec 
dentatis. Abdominis segmentum penultimum breve. Long. 0.8 poll. 

Hab.—Portu “ Lloyd” ad insulas “ Bonin.” 


455. ANCHISTIA GRANDIS, nov. sp. A. ensifronti affinis, major. Rostrum an- 
gustius et appendices ant. non superans, margine superiore basi non concavo, 
septem-dentato, dente postico aliis paullo remoto, dente antico juxta apicem 
sito. Antennularum pedunculi art. penultimus interne extusque paullo dilata- 
tus. Appendices antennarum carapace non breviores, angustae, minuentes sed 
apice truncatae. Pedes secundi paris corpore longiores; mero apicem append. 
ant. atlingente, subtus spina armato; carpoad apicem intus uni-spinoso; manu 
robusta, carpo fere triplo longiore; digitis palma dimidia brevioribus, medio 
hiantibus. Pedes quarti apicem appendicium antennarum attingentes. Long. 
1.2 poll. 

Hab.—Ad insulam ‘“ Ousima.” 


Urocanris,* nov. gen. Corpus gracile, compressum; abdomen longum, seg- 
mento penultimo praecipue elongato. Rostrum superne cristatum, dentatum, 
subtus rectum edentulum. Oculoram pedunculi longiores. Antennulae eis 
Palaemonis similes. Mandibulae non palpigerae. Mavxillipedes externi pedesque 
cum genere Palaemone conveniunt.—Typus U. longicaudata in littoribus Carolin- 
ensibus habitans, rostro brevi, crista superiore supra oculos valde dilatata, 
arcuata, octodentata; dactylis pedum posticorum biunguiculatis; abdomine 
quinquies longiore quam carapax, segmento tertio valde tumido, segmento 
penultimo gracile carapace non breviore. 


456. UROCARIS LONGIPES, nov. sp. Carapax spina hepatica et antennali 


armatus. Rostrum gracile, rectum, miouens, appendicium antennarum apicem 
non attingens, crista superiore minus dilatata, septem- -dentata, dente postico 


*Etym. supa, € canda; xeepte, squilla. 


1860.] 


40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


aliis paullo remotiore, denticulo minuto inter dentes sextum et septimum atque 
uno inter dentem septimum et apicem; margine inferiore integro non ciliato. 
Antennularum flagellum crassum breve, tertia parte extrema a flagello tenui sep- 
dratum, hoc corpore non dimidia breviore; flagellum internum externo tenui 
brevius. Antennarum appendices mediocres. Pes secundi paris sinister long- 
issimus, inermis; ischii apice apicem appendicium ant. fere attingente; mero 
carpo longiore; manu cylindrica merum carpumque conjunctos adequante, dig- 
itis brevibus, palmae long. quartam partem vix aequantibus. Pedes postici 
gracillimi, dactylis simplicibus. Abdominis segmentum penultimum minus 
elongatum. Pellucida, lineis duabus coccineis ornata, torporis facie inferiore 
etiam coccinea, manu majore pallide rubra. Long. corporis, 0.65 ; pedis gran- 
dis, 0.7 poll. 
Hab.—Prope insulam “ Ousima;” fundo arenoso, prof. 20 org. 


457. PALAEMONELLA TENUIPES, Dana; U.S. Expl. Exped., Crust., i. 582; pl. 
xxxviil. f. 3.—Ad insulam “ Ousima;” inter algas reticulatas in sinibus are- 
nosis minus profundis. 


Genus Leanper, Desmarest, Ann. Soc. Entom. de France, vii. 87. Carapax 
spina antennali et spina branchios-tegiana armatus; spina hepataca nulla. 
Species plerumque maricolae. Typus Palaemon natator, M. Edw. 


458. LEANDER NATATOR. Palaemon natator, M. Edw.; Hist. Nat. des Crust. 
ii. 393. Dana; loc. cit., i. 588; pl. xxxviii, f. 11—In Oceano Atlantico, lat. 
bor. 30°—35°, ete.; vulgaris in Sargasso. 


459. LEANDER DEBILIS. Palaemon debilis, Dana; U.S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 
i. 585; pl. xxxviii, f. 6, 7—Ad insulas Hawainenses et ad “Loo Choo;” in 
littoribus arenosis. 

460. LEANDER LONGICARPUS, nov. sp. Rostrum longum, carapace paullo lon- 
gius et appendices ant. multo superans, gracile, reflexum, superne, ad basin 
convexum et quinquedentatum, (dente secundo supra oculos sito,) dimidia versus 
apicem edentulum; crista inferiore paullo dilatata et 4- vel 5-dentata. Anten- 
nularum flagella duo externa parce conjuncta. Max. ext. gracillimi, in adultis 
pedunculum antennarum superantes. Pedes tenues; primi paris apicem ap- 
pendicium ant. non attingentes; secundi paris hune superantes apicem sed 
carpo longo cum non attingente, manu debili. carpo dimidia breviore. Pedes 
postici nudi. Segmentum abdominis penultimum lamellarum lateralium fere 
longitudine. Long. 1.5 poll. P. debili affinis, sed dentibus rostri inferioribus 
paucioribus et pedibus secundi paris longioribus. 

Hab.—Portu “ Hong Kong” Sinensi. 

461. LeanDeR PAucIDENS. Palaemon paucidens, De Haan; Fauna Japonica, 
Crust., 170, pl. xlv, f. 11. Rostrum in sp. nostris superne 5-6 dentatum, prope 
apicem non edentulum. 

Hab.—Prepe urbem Japonicam ‘‘Simoda;” in aquis dulcibus fluvii, mari 
non remotis. 

462. LEANDER PACIFICUS, nov. sp. Corpus robustum. Rostrum carapace non 
brevius, antennarum appendices superans; crista superiore dentata, (dente 
tertio vel quarto supra oculos sito,) versus apicem edentula; apice tridentato ; 
crista inferiore dilatata, 4- vel 5-dentata, dentibus fortibus, dente anteriore 
apice remoto. Antennularum flagella duo externa parce conjuncta, flagello 
extremo crasso, pedunculo paullo longiore et margine interno valide serrato. 
Maxillipedes ext. minuiscentes, antennarum pedunculum parce superantes. 
Pedes primi paris apicem antennularum appendicium attingentes ; secundi paris 
sat robusti, hunc superantes apicem, manu paullo incrassata, digitis palma 
brevioribus; pedes postici robustiores, fere nudi et inermes, quinti paris anten- 
narum pedunculum parum superantes. Color pallide viridescens, corpore rubro- 
vel olivaceo-lineato. Long. 2.5 poll. 

Hab.—In Oceano Pacifico vulgaris, littoralis in rupium fossis ;—ad insulas 
“ Hong Kong” et “ Hawaii,” etiam in portu “ Simoda.” 


[Jan. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 41 


463. LEANDER SERRIFER, nov. sp. Rostrum appendices antennarum non su- 
perans, crista superiore fere recta, novem-dentata, dentibus posterioribus 1 et 2 
inter se et ab aliis paullo remotioribus, dente tertio vel quarto supra oculos sito, 
dente anteriore ab apice paullo remoto, (dentium duorum spatio); apice acuto 
superne bi-denticulato; crista inferiore dilatata, maxime tridentata. Antennu- 
larum flagella duo externa parce conjuncta. Pedes primi paris apicem appen- 
dicium ant. attingentes, ischio meroque quam carpus robustioribus; secundi 
paris longi, sat robusti, carpo appendicium ant. apicem attingente, et quam 
manus non breviore, manu elongata, quater longiore quam latiore, digitis palma 
tertii parte brevioribus. Pedes postici mediocres. Segmentum abdominis pe- 
nultimum lamellis exterioribus multo brevius. Long., 1.75 poll. 

Hab.—Portu “ Hong Kong,” et sinibus insulae ‘‘ Ousima;”’ littoralis. 


464, LEANDER INTERMEDIUS, nov. sp. Spina branchiostegiana longa, acutis- 
sima, retrorsum sita, margine paullo remota, ut facile pro hepatica haberetur. 
Rostrum tenue, appendices ant. superans, reflexum, superne septem-dentatum, 
(dente tertio supra oculos,) subtus quadridentatum ; apice bifido vel bidentato. 
Oculigrandes. Antennulae corpore non breviores ; flagellis duobus externis per 
dimidiam longitudinis flagelli crassi conjunctis. Maxillipedes externi peduncu- 
lum antennarum parce superantes. Pedes secundi paris appendices ant. parum 
superantes ; manu paullo incrassata carpo vix loagiore, digitis palmae Jongitu- 
dine. Pedes postici mediocres, aculeis sparsim armati; dactylis longioribus. 
Pellucidus, flavo-lineatus, et intendum sparsim nigro-punctatis. Long., 1 poll. 

Hab.—In portu Jacksoniensi Australiae; fundis algoso-arenosis prof: 2 org. 


Genus Panaemon, Fabr. Carapax spina hepatica armatus. Species omnes 
fluvicolae. 


465. PALAEMON ASPER, nov. sp. Descr. maris adulti. Carapax spinulis vel 
granulis acutis corneis plus minusve exasperatus. Rostrum apicem appendi- 
cium antennarum fere attingens ; crista dorsali dilatata, recta vel parce convexa, 
12- vel 14-dentata, dente posteriore paullo remotiore, dente quarto supra oculos 
sito; crista inferiore 3- vel 4-dentata. Pedes secundi paris corpore non bre- 
viores, cylindrici, instar carapacis exasperati, interdum breviter pubescentes; 
mero apicem antennarum appendicium superante; carpo palma manus parce 
longiore; digitis palma tertia parte brevioribus, non hiantibus, interdum dense 
hirsutis, intus prope basin dentibus 1-2 armatis; pollice intus lobo marginis 
erenulato ad basin praedito. Pedes postici sat longi, extremitates versus 
graciles, minuiscentes; dactylis tertiam partem long. penultimi adaequantibus. 
Pedes ultimi paris appendices ant. superantes. Segmentum abdominis ultimum 
apice leviter tridentatum, dente mediano prominentiore, utrinque aculeis duobus 
margine instructo, aculeo interno longiore. Color olivaceus vel glaucus, vi- 
ridescens, Long. corporis 5 poll. Juniores laeves, glabri, subpellucidi. A P. 
lanceifronti differt crista rostri superiore minus expansa; P. ornato, rostro magis 
dentato, etc. 

Hab.—lIn fluvii et rivulis Sinenses prope urbem ‘ Canton.” 


466. PALABMON BONINENSIS, nov. sp. Carapaxlaevis. Rostrum appendicibus 
ant. brevius, crista superiore supra oculos plus minusve convexa, versus apicem 
parce concava, dentibus 11 ad 13 armata aequalibus et aequidistantibus, dente 
sexto supra oculos sito; crista inferiore tridentata. Antennularum flagellum 
internum breve, externo dimidia fere brevius. Pedes robusti; secundi paris 
subcylindrici, granulati sed quam in multis speciebus leviores; carpo manu 
plus dimidia breviore; digitis palma tertia parte brevioribus, granulatis, non 
pubescentibus, sparsim pilosis, intus basi 2- vel 3-dentatis, dentibus interdum 
fere obsoletis. Pedes postici breves crassi, subtiliter et breviter ‘spinulosi; 
dactylis robustis brevioribus. Pedes quinti paris mediam appendicium ant. 
attingentes. Color obscure viridis ; pedum ambulatoriorum apices flayi. Long. 
corporis 4; pedum secundorum 3 poll. 

Hab.—Insulis “ Bonin ;” in rivulis montanis. 


1860.] 


42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


467. THALAsSocaRIs* LucipaA. Regulus lucidus, Dana; U. S. Expl. Exped., 
Crust., i, 598; pl. xxxix., f.5.—In Oceano Pacifico ; lat. bor. 273°, long., orient. 
1384°. 

CauLuRus,; nov. gen. Carapax latiusculus, dorso sutura cervicali notatus. 
Rostrum breve. Oculi grandes. Antennularum pedunculus longus, gracilis, 
squama basali nulla. Antennarum appendix fere linearis, basi angusta, apice 
truncata. Maxillipedes secundi paris non pediformes, tertii paris pediformes, 
robusti, cylindrici, exognatho praediti. Pedes exopodo instructi; primi secun- 
dique paris chelati; secundi graciliores longi; reliqui simplices. Abdomen 
dorso inerme; segmento sexto praelongo, gracillimo. Oplophoro differt ab- 
domine et appendice antennarum inermibus, segmento penultimo praelongo, 
etc. 


468. CAULURUS PELAGICUS, nov. sp. Rostrum spiniforme vel dentiforme, 
oculis plus dimidia brevius. Regio gastrica dente mediano erecto prope basin 
rostri armata. Margo carapacis anterior dente praeorbitali, spina antennali 
parvula et spina pterygostomiana armatus. Antennularum pedunculus cara- 
pace non brevior, articulo antepenultimo articulos penultimum et ultimum junc- 
tos superante. Antennarum pedunculus longissimus filiformis, ei antennularum 
multo gracilior; appendix carapacis longitudine et sexies longior quam latior, 
apice quam basis latiore, rotundato-truncato, extus spina brevi armato; mar- 
gine appendicis interno sparsim fimbriato paribus 15 setarum plumosarum 
gracilibus. Pedes secundi gracillimi prope manum constricti. Manus primi 
secundique paris breves. Abdominis segmentum sextum quatuor praecedentes 
junctos fere superans, gracillimum, subcylindricum; lamellae caudales seg- 
mento sexto tertia parte breviores. Translucidus, visceribus coccineis. Long. 
0.25 poll. 

Hab.—In Oceano Pacifico, lat. bor., 34°, long. orient. 126°; nocte repertus. 


LEPTOCHELA,{ nov. gen. Carapax laevis, vix cristatus, latere margineque 
spinis destitutus. Rostrum brevissimum, spiniforme. Antennulae bi-flagel- 
latae. Mandibulae inflexae, late compressae, palpo brevi, ovato, uni-articulate 
praeditae. Maxillipedes secundi non pediformes endognathi art. ultimo spinis 
longis armato. Maxillipedes tertii exognatbo instructi. Pedes toti expodo 
instructi; primi secundique paris compressi, chelati, manu gracili, digitis longis 
parallelis. Pedes postici breves. Abdomen segmenti antepenultimi angulo 
dorsali postico plus minusve geniculatum vel abruptum; appendicibus ventra- 
libus primi paris birameis. Pasiphaeae affinis, mandibulis vero palpigeris, 
maxillipedibus secundis non pediformibus. 


469. LEPTOCHELA GRACILIS, nov. sp. Corpus compressum. COarapax glaber, 
antrorsum acute carinatum, carina laevi. Rostrum acutum, oculis brevius. 
Oculi breves, grandiores, globosi. Antennulae oblique compressae, corpore 
dimidia breviores, flagello superiore longiore. Antennae vix antennulis longiores, 
appendice minore acuto-triangulari, gracili, sed pedunculos antennularum ali- 
quantum superante. Mandibularum corona margine interno dentata, medio 
profunde fissa. Maxillipedes ext. graciles, apicem appendicium ant. attin- 
gentes, exognatho endognathi art. antepenultimum superante. Pedum exo- 
podi longiores, primi secundique paris apicem ischii attirgentes, posticorum 
medium meri. Pedes primi secundique paris appendices ant. superantes ; 
carpo palma manus breviore; manu ad basin digitorum constricta, digitis 
palma longioribus. Pedes postici compressi, minuiscentes, plus minusve late- 
raliter porrecti, quam secundi paris plus dimidia breviores; ischio brevissimo, 
subtus spina armato; dactylo hirsuto, apice rotundato inermi. Abdomen 
compressum antrorsum ecarinatum, segmento antepenultimo acute carinato, 


* Etym. Saracca mare; xzpic, squilla. Regulus nomen Danae praeoccupatum. 
+ HEtym. xavacs, caulis, cde cauda. 
{ Etym. acres, tener; xxax, chela. 


[Jan. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 43 


angulo superiore postico spina armato; segmento ultimo canaliculato, apice 
aculeis duobus longis armato, aliis brevioribus interjacentibus. Lamella cau- 
dalis interna superne canaliculata, externa margine exteriore spinulis armata. 
Long. 1 poll. 

Hab.—Sinu “ Kagosima;” in profundis. 


.470. LepTocHELA ROBUSTA, nov. sp. Corpus robustum minus compressum- 
Carapax ecarinatus, rostro gracillimo, oculis brevius. Antennulae carapace vix 
longiores, pedunculo robusto. Antennarum appendix latior, sed acute trian- 
gulata. Mandibularum corona margine interno non fissa. Pedeslatiores. Ab- 
domen segmento antepenultimo nec carinatum nec spina armatum. Praecedenti 
affinis, sed omnino multo robustior. Long. 1 poll. 

Hab.—Mari Sinensi, prof. 20 org. Prope insulam “ Loo Choo” quoque. 


471. Stcyonra cristata, De Haan; Fauna Japonica, Crust., 194; pl. xlv. 
f. 10.—In sinu “ Kagosima ;” fundo conchoso et arenoso, prof. 20 org. 


472. Sicyonia PARVvULA, De Haan; l. c. 195; pl. xlv. f. 6.—In sinu “ Kago- 
sima.” 


473. Stcyonla OCELLATA, nov. sp. Carapax tomentosus. Crista carapacis 
rostrique convexa, septem-dentata, dentibus antrorsum magnitudine decrescen- 
tibus. Rostrum angustum, parce deflexum, articulum antennularum pedunculi 
penultimum non superans, apice tridenticulatum, margine inferiore integrum. 
Antennarum flagellum depressum utroque margine ciliatum. Pedes graciles ; 
digitis primi secundi tertiique paris palmis longitudine subaequalibus. Abdo- 
men profunde insculptum, porcis transversis, rugatis; segmentorum epimeris 
trangularibus, inermibus; segmento ultimo basi lato, depresso, extremitatem 
versus, in medio profunde canaliculato, apice aculeis tribus instructo, mediano 
longiore. Color griseus, purpureo-varegiatus; carapax utrinque ocello nigro 
albo-marginato ornatus, in latere retrorsum sito; abdomen lateribus albo- 
maculatum. Long. 1.25 poll. 

Hab.—Portu ‘Hong Kong;” in fando conchoso prof. 8 org. vulgaris. In 
mari Sinensi quoque, lat. bor. 24°; ad prof. 20 org. 


474, PENAEUS STENODACTYLUS, nov. sp. Descr. foeminae. Corpus compressum, 
nudum. Carapax elongatus, carinatus, (quarta parte posteriore excepta,) laevis, 
nisi dorso subtiliter granulato; spina hepatica distincta, sulcis proximis brevi- 
bus et tenuibus; spina antennali minuta, carina et sulco antennali obsoletis ; 
margine antico alibi inermi. Rostrum rectum vel parum resimum, oculis vix 
longius; crista superiore 8-dentata, dente postico aliis remoto et paullo ante 
medium carapacis sito, dente quarto supra oculos; margine inferiore edentulo. 
Oculi crassi, articulum antepenultimum antennularum peduneuli non superan- 
tes, articulo basali (basiophthalmito) spina brevi ad angulum superiorem 
armato. Antennarum appendices longae. Maxillipedes ext. graciles, appen- 
dices antennarum superantes. Pedes compressi; digitis primi, secundi tertii- 
que paris longis. .Pedes quarti late compressi, hirsuti, antrorsum porrecti 
oculos non superantes; quarti paris gracillimi longissimi, appendices ant. 
multo superantes, nudi, extremitates versus styliformes, dactylo recto, dimidiam 
partem carapacis longitudine fere adaequante. Abdominis segmenta quartum 
quintum sextumque carinata; segmenti penultimi appendix interna cultrata, 
quam externa multo augustior. PaJlide carneus. Long. 1.5 poll. 

Hab.—Portu “ Hong Kong” fundo limoso prof. sex org. 


475, PENAEUS PODOPHTHALMUS, nov. sp. Deser. foeminae. Corpus elongatum, 
compressum, superficie ut videtur glabrum, subtiliter vero punctatum. Carapax 
elongatus, leviusculus, cristatus, (tertia parte posteriore excepta), spina hepatica 
minuta, sulcis proximis distinctis sed brevibus; spina antennali brevi, sulco 
antennali obsoleto ; spina orbitali nulla. Rostrum breve, oculis dimidia bre- 
vius; crista dorsali septemdentata, dente postico aliis remoto et ad tertiam 


1860.] 


44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


anteriorem carapacis sito, dente quarto supra orbitam sito; marginibus den- 

tium subtiliter serrulatis ; margine rostri inferiore edentulo. Oculorum pedun- 

culi valde elongati sed carapace plus dimidia breviores, articulis basi et coxa 

parvis, podophthalmito longo gracili ad basin turgido. Antennulae praelongae, 

carapace multo longiores ; pedunculo carapace tertia parte breviore, articulo 

antepenultimo ad podophthalmiti basin recipiendum superne excavato, pro- 

cess laminiformi interno minimo; flagellis aequalibus. Antennarum appen- 

dices antennularum pedunculo breviores. Mandibularum palpi pergrandes. - 
Maxillipedum externorum exognathus non multiarticulatus. Pedes breves: 
compressi; digitis manuum longis. Abdomen compressum. Pallide carneus. 
Long. 1.3 poll. 


Hab.—Portu “ Hong Kong ;” fundo limoso prof. sex. org. 


476. PENAEUS CANALICULATUS, Oliv. ; Encyc. Meth. 660. M. Edw.; Hist. Nat. 


des Crust. ii., 414. (Vix De Haan.)—In portu Sinensi ‘‘ Hong Kong,” et ad insu- 
lam “ Loo Choo.” 


477. PENAEUS SEMISULCATUS, De Haan; Fauna Jap., Crust., 191, pl. xlvi, f. 1. 
—Ad oras Sinenses prope insulam “‘ Hong Kong.” 


478. PENAEUS MoNopDON, Fabr.; Suppl., 408. M. Edw.; Hist. Nat. des Crust., 
il. 416.—Prope oras Sinenses, lat. bor. 23°. : 


479, PENAEUS MoNocERUS, Fabr.; Suppl., p. 409. M. Edw.; Hist. Nat. des 
Crust., ii. 415. De Haan; 1. c., 192; pl. xlvi. f. 2—Ad oras insularum “ Hong 
Kong” et “‘ Loo Choo.” 


480. PENAEUS CURVIROSTRIS, nov. sp. Descr. foeminae. Corpus superficie 
granulis minutis acutisque asperum. Carapax fere ad extr. posticam obtuse 
carinatus non vero canaliculatus; sulco cervicali antice distincto, profundo, 
prope marginem anticum oriente, retrorsum attenuato sulco cardiaco-branchiali 
continuo, hoe latiusculo, paullo conspicuo, porca laevi definito; spina hepatica 
valida extrorsum prominente; sulco gastro-hepatico laevi; spina antennali 
longa, acuta ; carina antennali fere acuta, sulco laevi, postice tomentoso ; sulco 
gastro-frontali ei P. monoceri simile, minus profundo; spina orbitali minuta, 
distincta vero et acuta. Rostrum articulum ultimum antennularum pedunculi 
attingens, curvato-resimum, apice gracile truncatum vel subbifurcatum; crista 
superiore octo-dentata, dente postico aliis spatiis duobus remoto, dente tertio 
supra orbitas sito; margine inferiore edentulo ciliato. Rostri carinae laterales 
acutae, in carapace obsolescentes: sulci laterales vero leves, fere obsoleti. 
Antennularum processus basalis internus gracilis, minuiscens, non spatulatus ; 
flagella pedunculo paullo breviora. Maxillipedes externi extus nudi. Pedes 
tertii paris basi secundis non angustiores, spina destituti. Pedes ultimi gra- 
ciles, oculis attingentes. Sternum inter bases pedum quartorum quintorumque 
plus minusve scutatum, inaequale, medio profunde excavatum; antrorsum 
obtuse triangulatum, margine dilatato laminiformi, arcuato, paullo prominente ; 
uncis lateralibus nullis. Abdomen segmentis 3tio—6to carinatum, breviter 
quoque in secundo ; caudaei P. monoceri fere simili. Long. 3.5 poll. P. velutino 
affinis, rostro curvato, carina antennali acuta etiam differt. 

Hab.—Portu “ Simoda” Japoniae. 


481. PmnanUS vELUTINUS, Dana; U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., i. 604; pl. xl. 
f. 4.—In mari et ad insulas Sinenses, in sinibus insulae ‘‘ Ousima,” et in por- 
tibus “Kagosima’ ‘“Simoda” et ‘‘Hakodadi” Japoniae; vulgaris in fundis 
arenosis prof. 5-30 org. 


MIcROPROSTHEMA,* noy. gen. Corpus depressum, obesum, superficie varie 
sculptum vel spinulis ornatum. Carapax minus induratus, dorso sulco cervi- 
cali valido notatus. Rostrum mediocre, gracile, elongato-triangulatum, non 


*Etym. puxpos, parvus ; mpocdeue, appendix. 


[Jan. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 45 


laminiforme, dorso spinis armatum. Oculi parvi. Antennularum peduncu- 
lus brevissimus, ad basin processu unciformi extus praeditus, lamella interna 
nulla; flagella duo, longa, cylindrica. Antennae in plano antennularum sitae ; 
pedunculo etiam brevissimo, ad basin processu laminato cochleariformi intus 
instructo, appendice minima, cultrata vel sublunata, pedunculo extus adjuncta 
sed introrsum porrecta, margine interno longe ciliata; flagello mediocris longi- 
tudinis. Mandibulae per-robustae, processu antico obtuso, edentulo; processu 
interno globato laevi; palpo ei Stenopi simili. Maxillipedes externi breves, 
sublaminati, extus spinis armati; exognatho longo. Pedes exopodo brevi 
instructi; primi secundique paris gracillimi, manu minuta instructi; tertii 
paris grandes, manu maxima, lata, cristata; quarti quintique paris longi, neque 
annulati, dactylo minuto, biunguiculato. Abdomen foeminae latum, appen- 
dicibus ventralibus longis gracilibus, introrsum porrectis, primi paris uni- 
rameis. 

482. MicROPROSTHEMA VALIDA, noy. sp. Descr. foeminae. Corpus crassum, 
non altius quam latius. Carapax omnino spinulosus, spinis inaequalibus, in 
dorso et regione hepatica majoribus, in lateribus fere longitudinaliter seriatis ; 
margine antico circa basin antennae spinis tribus armato. Rostrum parvum, 
antennarum pedunculi longitudine; crista dorsali rostro duplo longiore, sep- 
tem-spinosa; cristis lateralibus in carapace rostro divergentibus et 3-4-spinosis. 
Oculi parvi, corneis pedunculis angustioribus. Antennulae corpore quarta 
parte breviores; antennae eo non breviores. Antennarum appendix tertiam 
partem carapacis longitudine adaequans ; pedunculus appendice paullo brevior. 
Maxillipedes externi apicem appendicium ant. attingentes; ischio dilatato 
apice externo unispinoso; mero extus bispinoso. Pedes tertii grandes, mero 
carpo aequali et quam ischium duplo longiore, et, simili carpo, trigono, acute 
granuloso, marginibus spinuloso; manu carapace non breviore, duplo longiore 
quam latiore, superne cristata, crista inermi; digitis valde compressis non 
hiantibus ; pollice intus bidentato, dactylo unidentato, dentibus magnis. Ab- 
domen carapace tertia parte longius, medio (seg. tertio) breviter carinatum ; 
segmentis lmo—3tio transversim costatis, et in latere tuberculo spiniformi 
armatis ; epimeris segmentorum Imi-——5ti acute prominentibus et carinatis ; 
segmentis sexto ultimoque planatis horizontalibus; ultimo lato tenui, partim- 
bicarinato, apice rotundato, margine laterali unispinoso. Obscure fusca; uni- 
color. Long. 0.65; thoracis lat. 0.24 poll. 

Hab.—lIn sinu insulae ‘ Ousima ;” sublittoralis, in locis lapillosis algosisque. 


Genus Sereestes, M. Edw. Carapax dorso sutura y. sulco cervicali dis- 
tincte notatus et regione branchiali longitudinaliter bicostatus. 


483. SERGESTES PACIFICUS, noy. sp. Carapax minus elongatus, rostro bre- 
vissimo conico resimo, et spina vel dente praeorbitali armatus; spina hepatica 
quam in S. Frisii magis posterior. Oculi breves, articulo antennularum basali 
plus tertia parte breviores. Antennularum pedunculi carapace parce brevi- 
ores; articulo ultimo quam penultimus multo longiore. Pedes eis S. atlantict 
fere similes, eis S. frist multo majores; primi paris quam maxillipedes externi 
et eis secundi paris breviores; quarti paris eis tertii tertia parte breviores; 
quinti dimidiam quartorum fere adequantes; dactylis quasi articulatis longe 
setosis. Abdominis segmentum penultimum, quartum quintumque junctos 
longitudine fere aequans; lamella caudalis exterior margine externo dente 
minuto infra medium armata, Long. 1.25 poll. 

Hab.—Oceano Pacifico, lat. bor. 273°, long. orient. 138°. 


484, SERGESTES VIGILAX, noy. sp. Joeminae corpus gracile. Carapax elon- 
gatus, gracilis, sulcis costisque distinctis ; spina hepatica prope tertiam anteri- 
orem sita minuta, extrorsum porrecta. Rostrum minutum, compressum, sub- 
triangulatum, resimum, dorso convexum. Oculi praelongi, dimidiam fere 
carapacis longitudine, articulum pedunculi antennularum penultimum supe- 
rantes, subfungiformes, corneis globosis, pediculis gracillimis. Antennularum 


1860.] 


46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


pedunculi articulus basalis minor, ultimo brevior. Antennarum appendix ei 
S. oculati similis, extremitatem versus angustata, oculis longior. Maxillipedes 
externi grandes, dimidia basali incrassati, reliqua angustati, articulo ultimo 
praecedenti dimidia fere breviore, obtuso, setarum fasciculis tribus inferne 
instructo. Pedes quarti mediocres. Abdomen dorso inerme ; segmento penul- 
timo non duplo longiore quam latiore, quartum quintumque junctos longitu- 
dine fere adaequante; lamella caudali exteriore extus dente minuto versus 
basin armato. Long. 0.75 poll. S. oculato differt maxillipedibus externis multo 
crassioribus, et pedibus quarti paris longioribus. A S. laciniato oculis longi- 
oribus. 
Hab.—Oceano Atlantico prope insulas “ Azores.” 


485. SERGESTES MACROPHTHALMUS, nov. sp. Carapax spina hepatica et spinis 
supra-orbitalibus armatus, interdum et spina erecta dorsali ad extremitatem 
posticam. Rostrum brevissimum, resimum, apice antrorsum flexum. Oculi 
praelongi, fungiformes, carapace tertia parte breviores, apicem pedunculi 
antennularum fere attingentes; pediculis gracillimis. Antennularum pedun- 
culi art. ultimus quam basalis non brevior. Antennarum appendix recta, 
angusta, regulariter minuiscens, apice truncata, apicem antennularum pedun- 
culi vix attingens. Maxillipedes externi eis S. vigilacis similes. Pedes thora- 
cici secundi tertiique paris longissimi filiformes, apicibus paullo incrassati : 
quarti paris (antrorsum porrecti) art. secundum maxillipedum ext. attingentes. 
Pedes abdominales mediocres. Abdominis segmentum quintum interdum et 
quartum spina dorsali minutissima armatum ; segmentum penultimum latum, 
quartum quintumgue junctos longitudine fere aequans, subtus convexum ; seg- 
mentum ultimum parvum. Lamellae caudalis exterioris margo externus supra 
medium dente minutissimo armatus. Long. 0.7 poll. 

Hab.—Oceano Pacifico, lat. bor. 274°, long. orient. 1383° ; etiam lat. bor. 35°, 
long. occ. 155°. 


486. SERGESTES LONGICAUDATUS, nov. sp. Rostrum minutum, spiniforme, 
rectum, horizontale, dorso unidentatum. Oculi longi sed apicem art. basalis 
antennularum pedunculi vix attingentes, clavati, corneis vix discretis. Anten- 
nularum pedunculi articulus basalis art. penultimum et antepenultimum junctos 
longitudine aequans. Antennarum appendix apicem ped. antennularum non 
attingens, latior, intus margine convexa, ei S. serrulatz similis. Maxillipedes 
ext. gracillimi. Pedes graciles, tertii paris praelongi, quarti paris non valde 
breviores. Abdomen dorso inerme; segmento penultimo praelongo, quartum 
quintumque junctos longitudine multo superante, ultimo duplo longiore. La- 
mellae caudalis exterioris margo externus infra medium dente armatus, infra 
dentem concavus. Pedes abdominales praelongi. Long. 0.75 poll. 

Hab.—Oceano Pacifico, lat. bor. 40°, long. occ. 155°. 


487. SERGESTES ANCyLops, Kroyer; Det. Kongl. Danske Vid. Selsk. Skrifter, 
[5], Nat. og Math. Afd., 4de Bind; p. 262; pl. iii. f. 8 a-e—In Oceano 
Atlantico prope insulam Madeirae vulgaris. 


Sereia,* nov. gen. Pedes quarti quintique paris sat longi et daetylo pal- 
miformi instructi. Reliqua cum Sergeste fere conveniunt. 


488. SERGIA REMIPES, nov. sp. Foeminae carapax valde elongatus, sat de- 
pressus; sulco cervicali distincto; spina hepatica nulla. Rostrum minutum 
spiniforme, acutum, curvatum, dorso dente vel spina armatum. Oculi sub- 
fungiformes, tertiam partem carapacis longitudine aequantes, apicem art. 
penultimi antennularum pedunculiattingentes. Antennarum appendix linearis, 
oculos paullo superans. Maxillipedes externi et pedes sex anteriores subserrati 
vel rugoso-marginati pilis simplicibus fasciculati. Maxillipedes ext. peduncu- 
lum antennularum paullo superantes. Pedes quarti quintique peris graciles 
eylindrici, fere nudi, setis plumosis sparsis solum instructi, dactylis lamini- 


* Sergia, nom. propr. 


[Jan. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 47 


formibus subovatis. Pedes quarti quintis paullo longiores sed carapace vix 
longiores. Pedes abdominales longi, primi paris carapace longiores, pedunculo 
ramos fere adaequante. Abdomen dorso compressum, segmentis quinto sextoque 
acutum vel spinigerum ; segmento sexto quinto longiore et spina minuta ad an- 
gulum infero-posteriorem armato. Lamella caudalis exterior margine externo 
spina aculeiformi infra medium armata. Long. 0.6 poll. 

Hab.—Oceano Pacifico, lat. bor. 273°, long. orient. 1383°. 


The Mexican Humming Birds. 
BY RAFAEL MONTES DE OCA, 


Of Jalapa, Mexico. 


NOs dig 
Campytoptervs De Larrrer Gould. 
Mellisuga De Lattrei Gray. 
De Lattre’s Sabre Wing, Gould, Monograph, part x. 


This beautiful Humming Bird, or colibri, is generally known in Mexico by 
the: name of Chupa-mirto real azul, or Royal blue Myrtle-sucker. It comes 
abundantly to the vicinity of Jalapa, Coatepec and Orizaba, in the months of 
October and November, and is mostly found eating the honey of a plant called 
Masapan. It is one of those birds that do not rise early in the morning to 
hunt their food, for very few are found earlier than nine o’clock in the morn- 
ing, and from that time till twelve or one o’clock appears to be their breakfast 
hours. During this time they are but very seldom seen to alight, and fora 
very short time only in any one place, for they go constantly from flower to 
flower, sucking the honey, and from one place to another, describing in their 
flight a part ofa circle, and sometimes almost touching the ground. In the 
same manner also they are seen to come, so that by placing oneself where there 
are such plants in blossom, it is easy to shoot several specimens in one morn- 
ing without walking very far or moving much about. During the remainder 
of the day, very few are to be seen, and it is very probable that they go into the 
woods, where they find certain kinds of mosquitoes, with which I have often 
found their craws well filled. 

This bird is extremely shy, butis very easily tamed, most probably on account 
of its very gluttonous disposition ; for once caged and provided with a little cup 
containing syrup, without any trouble he finds it readily when heis hungry, 
and I have seen them feasting in this manner, half an hour after having been 
made prisoners. It is difficult to keep them alive, and I have never been able 
to preserve them for a longer time than two months, which, I think, is more 
on account of the want of exercise than of the coming of the winter season as 
is generally believed here, for I have found, though rarely, in the middle of 
what we call a severe winter, the handsomest specimens that I have ever 
seen. 

The aversion that the males of this species bear to each other as well as to 
all of their kind is very remarkable. It is very seldom that two meet together 
without there ensuing an aerial battle worthy of a most magnificent picture. 
It commences with a sharp, choleric shriek, which makes them swell out their 
throats, and raising all the feathers of their bodies, and spreading open their 
tails, they begin to fight with their wings and bills, and the least powerful soon 
tumbles to the ground or else runsaway. I have never seen one of these bat- 
tles last longer than about ten seconds, and in the specimens that I have had 
under my notice in cages, nearly always this fighting has ended in the splitting 
of the tongue of one of the two, which then surely dies on account of not being 
able to eat. 

The place of incubation of this bird is very probably Guatemala, where it is 


1860.] 


48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


also found abundantly, and to which country it certainly migrates in the latter 
part of November. I have never found nor heard that it goes farther north 
than the first mentioned places above. The nest I have never found. 

This species of humming bird, in the general appearance of its body, is ofa deep 
metallic shining turquoise blue, of the most beautiful shade ; the upper part of 
the head is brown tinged with bronze green, the upper wing and tail coverts 
shining bronze green, the wing feathers are purplish black with the vanes of 
the three principal ones on each side black, very wide and resembling whale- 
bone. The tail is bright bluish black, with the three feathers of each side 
haying about three quarters of an inch of a pure white, and sometimes the 
fourth partakes of a little of the white also. The upper part of each leg is 
covered with white downy feathers, running apparently into each other in a 
line of the same color below the under tail coverts ; the feet are purplish black ; 
the bill black, resembling whalebone. Total length of this specimen is 5? 
inches, wing 34, tail 24, bill 13 inches. 

The female is about half an inch smaller than the male, and her appear- 
ance is, in the upper part ofthe body, upper wing and tail coverts, ofa metal- 
lic bronze green ; the upper part of the head is bronze, tinged with yellowish 
bronzed green. The breast is of a light iron gray, with the sides tinged with 
bronze green. The throat feathers have the points tinged with blue of the 
same shade as the male. The wings are purplish black, but the vanes of the 
side quills are not half so strong as those of the male; the tail is very much 
like that of the male, with the difference of the two middle feathers, which 
are bronzed green. The under tail coverts are tinged with the same color, with 
the edges of light iron gray, like the breast. The feet and bill are of the same 
size and color as those of the male. 


The Reports of the Publication Committee and the Committee on 
Proceedings were read and adopted. 

Pursuant to the By-Laws of the Academy an election of the members 
of the Standing Committees for 1860 was held, with the following re- 
sult :— 

1. Ethnology, J. A. Meigs, 8.8. Haldeman, T.G. Morton. 2. 
Comparative Anatomy and Creneral Zoology, Joseph Leidy, J. M. 
Corse, J. H. Slack. 38. Mammalogy, John LeConte, J. H. Slack, 
Wm. Camac. 4. Ornithology, John Cassin, T. B. Wilson, 8. W. 
Woodhouse. 5. Herpetology and Ichthyology, Robert Bridges, J. Ches- 
ton Morris, John L. LeConte. 6. Conchology, T. A. Conrad, W. G. 
Binney, W. S. W. Ruschenberger. 7. Entomology and Crustacea, 
R. Bridges, John L. LeConte, E. T. Cresson. 8. Botany, E. Durand, 
A.J. Brazier, J. Carson. 9. Geology, I. Lea, Chas. E. Smith, J. P. 
Lesley. 10. Mineralogy, Wm. S. Vaux, J.C. Trautwine, W. G. E. 
Agnew. 11. Palxontology, Joseph Leidy, T. A. Conrad, Wm. M. 
Gabb. 12. Physics, B. H. Rand, Wm. M. Ubler, Jas. C. Booth. 
15. Library, Wm. 8. Vaux, Robert Bridges, Joseph Leidy. 14. Pro- 
ceedings, John L. LeConte, Joseph Leidy, Wm. S. Vaux, W.S. W. 
Ruschenberger, J. ©. Fisher. 

A communication was read from Mr. P. B. Duchaillu, giving a state- 
ment of claims made by him against the Academy, and on motion, the 
subject was referred to a committee of five, consisting of Messrs. 
Ruschenberger, Jeanes, Vaux, Powel and Stewardson. 


[Jan. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 49 


February 7th. 
Mr. Lua, President, in the Chair. 


Forty-nine members present. 

The following were presented for publication : 

a Descriptions of new species of American Fluviatile Gasteropods, 
by J. G. Anthony.” 

“Supplement to a Catalogue of the Venomous Serpents in the 
Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences, by EH. D. Cope.’ 

“Catalogue of the Calamarian Serpents in the pH of the 
Academy of Natural Sciences, with notes and descriptions, by E. D. 
Cope.” 


Mr. Binney called attention to a species of Leda, presented this evening, 
which, Dr. Gould states, is common to Japan and Massachusetts. 


A discussion on geographical distribution then took place, in which Dr. 
Le Conte mentioned that he had prepared a map representing the provinces 
of geographical distribution of Coleoptera in the territories of the United 
States ; he divides the temperate part of the continent into three (or perhaps 
four) districts: 1. Atlantic, extending westwardly to the longitude of the 
mouth of the Platte; 2. Central, extending from the mouth of the Platte to 
the Sierra Nevada; 3. Pacific, including the water shed of the maritime 
Pacific coast. These districts are each divided into several provinces, and with 
larger collections the Central, as at present defined, may be found to be in 
reality two districts, limited by the Rocky Mountains; of these the eastern 
will be called the Central, and the western the Interior district. This map 
accompanies a memoir on the Coleoptera of Kansas, Nebraska and New SEN 
published in the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. 


Mr. Binney remarked, that having prepared for the Smithsonian Institution 
a catalogue of the terrestrial and fluviatile Gasteropods of North America, he 
was able to present the following results: 

Of the boreal regions but little is known. The only data we have are from 
Greenland. Both the fresh water and land species are peculiar to that country, 
excepting the European Helix hortensis, which has been introduced also m 
Canada and New England. 

Of Mexico also but little is known. A few of its land species are found in 
Texas ; they are, however, confined to that region, not extending farther north. 
The genera are more tropical than in the rest of the continent. Fluviatile 
species are very rare in Mexico, judging from the few data we have. The 
species appear different from those of the Atlantic region. 

On the west coast the species of land shells are quite distinct from those of 
the Atlantic region, excepting Bulimus zebra; the genera, however, are the 
same, though fewer in number. Among the fluviatile species are found eleven 
species of Pulmonates, which also inhabit the Atlantic region. 

In the Atlantic region are two or three species of land shells found in 
Europe, and a few fluviatile Pulmonates. The occurrence of the Asiatic 
species quoted from the United States may well be doubted. 

The following table shows the facts presented by Mr. Binney. It is neces- 
sarily imperfect, owing to the small amount of material, the somewhat con- 
fused synonymy, &c. 

Column 1 contains the species found in the Pacific region. 

Column 2, those of the Atlantic region. 

Column 3, those common to the Pacific and Atlantic region. 


1860.] 4 


50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Column 4, those of Mexico, excepting the west coast. 
Column 5, those common to Mexico and the Atlantic region. 


Column 6, those of Greenland. 


Class GASTEROPODA. 


Order PECTINIBRANCHIATA. 
Suborder ROSTRIFERA. 


Family. Subfamily. Genus. ey cl icc ie = 
AMPULLARIADA........-...-00e -Ampullaria...... 0 4 Oe er) 0| 0 9 
CYCLOPHORID &.....CYcLoTinz..... Cyclotus.........| 0 0 (0))) 21 0| 0 a 

CycLopHorInz#.Cyclophorus...... 0 0 0} 2 o|{ Oo 2 

LIcINnINZ...... Ctenopoma....... 0 1 0] 0 0] 0 1 
CrcLostoMIn&.Tudora.......-.. 0 0 Oo; 1 0} 0 1 

Cistula.....-..2.. 0 0 On a! 0; 0 1 

Chondroperna....| 0 1 0; 2 0] 0 3 

HELICINIDZ.........+ esicle wie elev iel= Helicina..........| 0 6 0 | 22 2{; 0} 26 
Boose 0 0 0; 3 0; 0 3 

LITTORINIDS.... 2... cece eee eeeeeees Amnicola......... 2 | 18 0; 0 0} Oj 20 
TRUNCATTELLIDE.. ...--.----+- Truncatella...... il 4 Vol jute ! EO 5 
MELANIADAE. ....... ccccccccccecs Melania...........| 9 [292 Oo| 4 0} 0 | 305 
as 0 | 10 0; 0 0; 0; 10 

Rb Sseodds 3 | 54 0; 0 0} O| 57 

10 0 0; 0 0; 0} Ifo 

panies VENIDAEUS scene 4 | 60 Out et 0; 1) 66 

Sraacesaas 0 0 0; 0 UF te! 1 

scenocsac = 0 8 Out Zl 0| 0 9 


Order SCUTIBRANCHIATA. 
Suborder PSPEUDOBRANCHIA. 
PROSERPINAD..... .. alate pivielaisivie es CELOS isleininln)nicjeiaieo 


Order PNEUMOBRANCHIATA. 
Suborder GEOPHILA. 


TESTACELUIDAL... 0. cccecccceseccns Glandina......... 
ARIONTDAL, .. 0000 ccccnwves sie'sjereleiann "ATION Saeco wcies ed 
PEND I CEDIA, seictanis oleiclsirinioaieie own clea -\ Tebennophorus... . 


pat 


NWHOOCOD 


* 
i" 
pert 


Simpulopsis...... 
Succinea.......... 
Lhe Ssaarndcocae 
Bulimus.......... 
Spiraxis..... Salalate 
Orthalicus........ 
Macroceramugs. .. 
Achatina......... 


eee twee eee 


ray 
SGN wcmeonw 


AHONOMWDHE 


_ 
bak at 
eeh+ 


~ 


Ww 


i 
OR OM ped 


eee er seeee 


Cylindrella....... 


WAMRONTOMUIED Asn ieee cieicisciesie ts Veronicella....... 
ONCHEDPAD Aur. siecnicicie vie ccleiietereiviorcs Onchidium..... - 


Suborder LIMNOPHILA. 


= 


_ 
RRR DD ORDO 


HOSCSCOMHOHOOBROOMOMDN 
SSSSCSoOOHOoOoOOSOoOCSCSCS 
SOSSSOOHORMACCOSCCON 
SSOSSHSOOOSCONHOE- 


a) 


AURICULID........MELAMPINS. ..Melampus........ 8 Oo; 1 1/0 9 
AURICULINZ...Alexia. .......... 1 ol o 0! 0 1 

il 0/ 0 0] 0 1 

z : 0 0o| 0 1 

: 0 0}; 0 1 

TAWIN EAD Heo voisie o's cicis's/sielelo'o wiv eidinie'e MINEO 45 5 | lie o} 4] 61 
0 0 0 0 0 a 

Spe5c 30 2 3 0 0 41 

31 3; 4 o| 1| 4 

10 0; 0 Oo] O| 14 


* Imported. { Found also in the Atlantic region, and imported. 


t Two species imported, ] One species impo 


[Feb. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 51 


February 11th. 
Mr. LzA, President, in the Chair. 


Forty-nine members present. 

A paper was presented for publication, entitled : 
_ “Descriptions of new species of Cyrena and Corbicula in the Cab- 
inet of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Temple 
Prime. 


Mr. Lea remarked that when Mr. Binney, at the last meeting, called the at- 
tention of the members to a reversed Paludina on the table, the discussion tak- 
ing a wide range, he (Mr. Lea) stated that an abnormal reversed character 
sometimes occurred in the genus Unio, and he then mentioned that he had spe- 
cimens of various species where this condition was very remarkable. He also 
then stated that among Helices, in a semi-domesticated position—in gardens, 
hedge-rows, &c., in England and on the continent—it was not a very rare cir- 
cumstance to find heterostrophe individuals; he had quite a number; but that 
among the immense number of our own species which had passed under his 
eyes, he had found only a single specimen which was heterostrophe, viz.: a 
Helix hirsuta, Say. Mr. Lea went on to say that he had prepared himself to ex- 
hibit, to-night, his specimens alluded to, and to which he now called the atten- 
tion of the members. He was glad to see by the December number of the Pro- 
ceedings of the Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. received by post to-day, that Prof. Agas- 
siz had made a communication to the Society on “reversed bivalve shells,” ex- 
hibiting a specimen of the Unio ligamentinus, Lamarck, observing that “it was 
quite rare and generally not easily observed.” Mr. Lea exhibited twenty-one 
specimens of various species which were all abnormal as regarded their lateral 
teeth, some having a single one in both valves, others being simply reversed as to 
the double and single cardinal and lateral teeth; others having dowble lateral 
teeth in oth valves, and others again having a treble lateral tooth in the left 
valve, and a double one in the right valve. The first reversed Unio he had seen 
was a specimen of complanatus from the mill-dam at Bristol, Penna., about 25 
years since; afterward he had found one in the Schuylkill, and subsequently 
found them occasionally among thousands of specimens sent by friends from 
various parts of the United States. From Dr. Lewis, of Mohawk, he had re- 
ceived some very fine specimens. 

The following table will exhibit the various abnormal forms of Uniones in 
Mr. Lea’s collection: 

Single lateral tooth in each valve. 


Unio complanatus, Lea, (Mya complanata, Solan.) Schuylkill River, Pa. 
““ occidens, Lea, Wisconsin. 
“ purpuratus, Lam., Claiborne, Ala. 
“  ventricosus, Bar., St. Lawrence, Montreal. 


Single lateral tooth in the left, and double in the right valve. 


Unio complanatus, Lea, 2 specimens, Bristol, Pa., and Mohawk, N. Y. 
“ alatus, Say, Ohio River. 
“ Hopetonensis, Lea, Darien, Geo. 
“ nasutus, Say, Arkansas. 
“ radiatus, Lam., Petersburg, Vir. 


Double lateral tooth in both valves. 


Unio complanatus, Lea, 6 specimens, Mohawk, N. Y. 
- Z: “  Genessee, N. Y. 
ee 4 “ Schuylkill, Pa. 
“  corrugatus, Lam., Pondichery, India, 


1860.] 


fa | 
bo 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Treble lateral tooth in the left, and double in the right valve. 
Inio corrugatus, Lam., Bengal. 


Treble lateral tooth in the left, and partly treble in the right valve. 


Unio gibbosus, Barnes, Fox River, Wisconsin. 
“  corrugatus, Lam., India. 


Mr. Lea stated that in his first paper published in the Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. 
in 1827, he paid attention to the difference of the teeth, and in 1829 he publish- 
ed a description of that remarkable Unio from the Schuylkill, described under 
the name of heterodon, from the very peculiar and aberrant form of the double 
lateral tooth being placed in the right valve, and the single in the Jeft one. 
This was the first form of the kind which had ever come under his notice. A 
few years subsequently he found the first specimen of an abnormal character, 
conforming exactly to the normal condition of the Aeterodon, and this was in the 
Bristol specimen. Since that period he observed closely the abnormal forms of 
the species, and the result is given in the previous table. But it must be im- 
pressed on the zoologist’s mind, that the form of teeth which is normal in one 
species, may be abnormal in another, because, while there is impressed on 
every species a law as regards its form,—and the general one of this species of 
Unio is to have the lateral tooth double in the left, and single in the right 
valve, and the cardinal either the same or double in botk,—yet aberrant forms 
from this are quite numerous, as will be found in the following table of 
species. He wished the attention of the members to the fact that what 
was abnormal in some individuals of a species, would be perfectly normal 
in others; thus, in complanatus, when the lateral teeth are found double in the 
right, and single in the left, they are reversed, and therefore abnormal ; but in 
the heterodon this condition of the teeth is normal, and so it will be with other 
conditions of other species, even so far removed from the typical Unio as in the 
eximius, Lea, from Siam, which has a treble lateral tooth in the left, and a dou- 
ble one in the right valve as its normal form, for this is imitated by the speci- 
men of corrugaius exhibited, which has the treble tooth in the left valve, and 
double one in the right, which in this case is remarkable, its normal condition 
being that of the typical Unio. 

In the following table will be found most of the species which, while they 
are perfectly normal, are still aberrant from the typical Unio, all of them but 
two having been described by Mr. Lea. 


Cardinal tooth single in both valves. 
Unio Bengalensis, Lea, Bengal. 


Cardinal tooth double in the right, and single in the left valve. 
ime Corrianus, Lea, Bengal. 
lamellatus, Lea, Bengal. 

‘  pilineatus, Lea, "Bengal. 

wl contradens, ite Java? 

“  gravidus, Lea, Siam. 

“ tumidulus, Lea, Siam. 

‘humilis, Lea, Siam. 

“ sagittarius, Lea, Siam. 

“« substriatus, Lea, Siam. 

‘¢  Dunkerianus, Lea, Brazil. 

“  Cambodianus, Lea, Siam. 

*  consobrinus, Lea, China. 

“ Layardii, Lea, Ceylon. 

" plicatulus, Lea, Borneo. 

“  vittatus, Lea, Australia. 

« Wilsonti, Lea, Australia. 

“\  Mauritianus, Lea, Indian Ocean. 


[{ Feb. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 53 


Unio bulloides, Lea, Rio Plata, S. Am. 
“  atratus, (Nida, Swain.) Chili. 
“  Araucanus, Philippi, Chili. 
“  piceus, Lea, Uruguay, S. Am. 


Cardinal and lateral teeth double in both valves. 


Unio phaselus, Lea, Siam. 
“  scobinatus, Lea, Siam. 


Lateral tooth double in the right valve only. 
Tnio heterodon, Lea, Penn. 


Lateral tooth double in both valves. 
Unio nueleus, Lea, Siam. 


Lateral tooth treble in the left, and double in the right valve. 
Unio eximéus, Siam. 
Cardinal tooth treble in the right valve. 
Unio funebralis, Lea, Uruguay River, S. Am. 


Cardinal tooth treble in both valves, and lateral tooth treble in the right, and double 
in the left valve. 
Unio trifidus, Lea, Buenos Ayres, S. Am. 


It is not pretended that the last table is entirely complete. The object is ac- 
complished to shew that the teeth of different species vary normaliy, and that 
individuals of the species vary abnormally. 

As regards the genus Zriquetra, Klein, (Hyria, Lamark,) which has cardinal 
and lateral teeth in both valves, so far as observed the lateral tooth in the 
left valve is double, and in the right single. 

The cardinal tooth in both valves is usually lamellar and multiplied, and 
articulate closely. In some cases it is much longer than in others of the 
same species. In one specimen of 7. subviridis, Klein, in Mr. Lea’s cabinet, the 
the cardinal tooth is almost the same length of the lateral tooth; and in two 
specimens both teeth have transverse strie like Prisodon, Schum. (Castalia, 
Lam.) which of course is an aberrant form. The Triquetra contorta, Lea, is an 
aberrant species, the cardinal teeth in both valves being obtusely conical and 
double in both valves. I have never met with any abnormal form of teeth in 
any of the species of Triquetra, but so few specimens get into the cabinets that 
if they do exist none have yet been detected. 

The genus Prisodon, the teeth of which are so nearly the same as those of 
Unio as to induce M. Deshayes to put it in that genus, are almost identical 
with some of the species, except in character of transverse parallel strie; 
and even this characteristic of the genus is absent in some of Mr. Lea’s 
specimens of truncatus, Schum., (ambigua, Lam.) If, however, the lobes of 
the mantle are united behind so as to form two tubes, there would be no pro- 
priety in placing it with the Uniones, as the mantle is never united in that part 
in them. 


Prof. R. E. Rogers made some remarks on the debitumenization of coal, 
and also communicated the following facts having reference to the propaga- 
tion of concussion from rock-blasting to strata at a distance, as exemplified 
in the effect upon the water of wells. 

A well, sixty feet in depth, with the water rising within ten feet of the sur- 
face, had, previous to the occurrence, been yielding a large supply of water 
to an extensive factory, when, immediately upon the discharge of a heavy 
blast in astone quarry about four hundred yards distant, the water began to 
fall, and soon altogether disappeared. 


1860.] 


. 


54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Another well, remote from the last mentioned one, had been yielding a good 
supply of water for more than a year. A blast of ordinary violence was dis- 
charged in an excavation for stone, three hundred yards distant from it, where- 
upon the water quickly and entirely disappeared. The proprietor directed a 
boring to be made in the bottom of the well six feet in depth and a blast to 
be set off in it. 

The result was as curious as the one which preceded it. The water at once 
reappeared, and the supply has since been steady and in great abundance. 


Dr. Leidy observed that the remarks of Prof. Rogers, had reminded him of 
the so-called Hillsboro coal or Albertite, of Albert Co., New Brunswick. This 
substance Dr. L. regards as a variety of Asphaltum and not ascoal. The 
latter consists of the fossil remains of plants. The Albertite is a product re- 
sulting from the distillation of bitumenous coals or shales. Coal always pre- 
sents in microscopic section the remains of vegetable structure; Albertite is 
perfectly amorphous. Coals are stratified or interstratified with other sub- 
stances ; the Albertite presents many evidences of being an injected material 
into fissures of the surrounding shales. 


The number of the Proceedings for January was laid upon the 
table. 


February 21st. 
Mr. Lea, President, in the Chair. 


Thirty-five members present. 
A paper was presented for publication entitled : 
“The Mexican Humming Birds, No. 2, by Rafael Montes de Oca.” 


Mr. Slack remarked that the two teeth of the Mosasaurus missouriensis, pre- 
sented by him this evening, had been procured for him from the marl pits of 
Mr. Coward, about two miles west of Freehold, N. J., through the exertions of 
Mr. Hopper, of Freehold, N. J., a gentleman to whom the Academy is largely 
indebted for cretaceous fossils. This is the eleventh specimen of the Mosa- 
saurus missouriensis identified by Mr. Slack, found within a radius of ten miles 
from Monmouth Court House. 


Dr. Leidy announced that the valuable collection of fossils of Mr. 


Eli Bowen had been purchased by subscription and presented to the 
Academy. 


February 28th. 
Mr. Lea, President, in the Chair. 


Forty-four members present. 

The Report of the Biological Department for the present month was 
read. 

On report of a committee of the Biological Department, the paper 
entitled, “‘ Method of painting moist anatomical preparations, by H. 
D. Schmidt, M. D.,” was recommended for publication in the Pro- 
ceedings of the Department. 

And the following were ordered to be printed in the Proceedings : 


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NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 55 


Tilustrations of some Fossils described in the Proceedings of the Academy of 
Natural Sciences. 


BY T. A. CONRAD AND WM. M. GABB. 


Pl. 1, fig. 1, a, b,c, Myalina deltoidea Gabb, Proc. Acad. 1859, p. 297. 
Pl. 1, fig. 2, Posidonia Moorei Gabb, Proc. Acad. 1859, p. 297. 
Pl. 1, fig. 3, Myacites pensylvanicus Conrad, Proc. Acad. 1857, 
. 166. 
7 The first two, Myalina deltoidea and Posidonia Moorei are carbon- 
iferous ; Myacites pensylvanicus is triassic, from Phoenixville, Penn- 
sylvania. 


Descriptions of New Species of American Fluviatile Gasteropods. 
BY J. G. ANTHONY. 


MELANIA ANGUSTISPIRA, Anthony.—Shell thick, elongate, very slender; color 
reddish-brown, with a narrow pale line at the suture; whorls 9-10, lower ones 
subconvex, smooth, upper ones flattened and carinate near their bases : sutures 
slight; aperture narrow-ovate, within pale purple; columella regularly curved: 
sinus not remarkable. 

Hab.—Tennessee. 

My Cab.; Cab. Hugh Cuming, London; A. N.S. Philada.; State Collection, 
Albany, N. Y.; Smithsonian Collection, Washington, D.C. 

Obs.—May be compared with W. exilis, Hald., than which it is more slender, 
more attenuate, and of more solid texture; its color is also entirely different, 
being more like Mf. Warderiana, Lea, but wanting the peculiar bulbous form of 
that species. The carinations do not extend to the three lower whorls ; upon 
these they are entirely wanting. It is a peculiarly slender and graceful species. 


M. pEecorata, Anthony.—Shell short, thick, ovate; whorls about five, but 
truncate so as to show only two or three remaining ; whorls prominently ribbed 
and intersected by revolving strize, forming nodules where they cross each 
other; dark bands also revolve around the whorls, giving them a highly deco- 
rative appearance; columella often thickened by a callous deposit; sinus 
small. 

Hab.—Oostanulla River, Georgia. 

My Cab.; Cab Hugh Cuming, London; A. N.S. Philada.; State Collection, 
Albany, N. Y.; Smithsonian Collection, Washington, D. C. 

Obs.—I collected some two hundred specimens of this species in Oostanulla 
River, Ga., in 1853, and then supposed they would prove to be merely the 
young of MW. celatura, Con. Closer examination and comparison, however, 
has convinced me that they are not identical. Many of the specimens are 
decidedly mature, and differ from “ celatura” by the greater regularity of their 
folds, which are also interrupted by a revolving raised line near the sutures, 
and by their dark bands and less elongate form ; cannot well be compared with 
any other. 


M. apusta, Anthony.—Shell conical, smooth, shining; color dark brown, 
with a pale line near the sutures; whorls 7-8, flat; body whorl rather large, 
subangulated and with somewhat coarse lines of growth; sutures distinct, but 
not remarkable; apertnre ovate, dark purple within; outer lip curved, colu- 
mella deeply rounded, a broad sinus at base. 

Hab.—Tennessee. 

My Cabinet; Cab. H. Cuming, London; Cab. A. N. S. Philada.; State Col- 
lection, Albany, N. Y.; Smithsonian Collection, Washington, D. C. 


1860.] 


56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Obs.—A neat, pretty species, of rather plain appearance. Compared with /. 
gracilior, nob., it is broader, shorter, and of darker culor; the broad deep cine- 
ture on the body-whorl and beautiful red bands in the interior, so conspicuous 
in HM. gracilior, are also wanting. From “ athleta” it differs by its shorter, more 
acute form, and by the absence of folds. It is less slender than M. viridula. 


M. sicincta, Anthony.—Shell conical, elevated, spire very acute; whorls 7, 
upper ones bicarinate, and body whorl encircled by three or four carine, the 
upper two of which are prominent, while the lower two are often strie merely ; 
color dark olive brown, very shining, and relieved by a faint or yellow narrow 
band near the suture; sutures distinct; aperture ovate, and brown within; 
columella deeply indented. 

Hab.—Tennessee. 

My Cabinet; Cab. Hugh Cuming, London; A.N.S. Philada.; State Collection, 
Albany, N. Y.; Smithsonian Collection, Washington, D. C. 

Obs.—A beautifully distinct and well-marked species of that group which #. 
bella, Conrad, may be considered most fitly to represent. May be distinguished 
from UM. bella by its broader and more acute form, more distinct carination and 
absence of the beaded line so characteristic of that species. Lines of growth 
conspicuous and crowded. Differs from WM. bicostata, nob., by its less robust 
form, darker color, and by the form of its spire, which diminishes more rapidly 
towards the apex. 


M. agscipa, Anthony.—Shell ovate, smooth, olivaceous, thick; spire obtuse, 
composed of five low whorls nearly flat ; body whorl large, occupying nearly 
the entire length of the shell; aperture not broad but long, subrhombic, more 
than half the length of the shell; columella deeply rounded and indented; 
outer lip much curved and produced; sinus broad and conspicuous. 

Hab.—Alabama. My Cabinet. 

Ods.—A ponderous species, whose chief characteristic is its square form and 
short truncate spire, resembling in that respect M. planospira, nob. {It differs 
from that species, however, by its more elongate form, narrow, rhombic aper- 
ture, and by having several revolving strie at base. It is a solid shell of com- 
pact texture, and seems to be rare, as only two specimens have come under my 
notice. 


M. sicostata, Anthony.—Shell conical, ligbt horn color, rather thick ; spire 
elevated, acute; whorls 11-12, strongly carinate near the apex, and decidedly 
so on each succeedirg whorl, not excepting even the body-whorl in most cases, 
though sometimes obsolete there; carine often in pairs, near to, and parallel 
with each other; sutures deeply impressed, often with a decided furrow at that 
point, caused by the caring. Aperture broadly elliptical, or subrhombic; 
within dirty white or obscurely banded ; columella deeply rounded, with a well- 
marked sinus at base. 

Hab.—Tennessee, near Athens. 

My Cabinet; Cab. Hugh Cuming, London; Cab. A. N. S. Philada.; State 
Collection, Albany, N. Y.; Smithsonian Collection, Washington, D.C. 

Obs.—Appears to be a very abundant and rather variable species. Several 
hundred individuals have come under my notice. It cannot well be confounded 
with any other species, though of a form by no means uncommon. The sharp 
double carina will at once generally determine it. Occurs abundantly near 
Athens, in small streams. 


M. FunreBrALis, Anthony.—Sheli conic, smooth, solid, of a dark chesnut 
color; spire elevated and generally abruptly truncate; whorls from 3 to 5 only 
remaining, slightly eonvex; aperture ovate, within bluish; columella white, 
tinged occasionally with purple; sinus small. 

Hab.—Tennessee. 

My Cabinet; Cab. Hugh Cuming, London; A. N. S. Philada.; State Coll., 
Albany, N. Y.; Smithsonian Collection. 


[Feb. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. By 


Obs.—A very neat, pretty species, with no very decided character to distin- 
guish it from allied species. May be compared with M. brevispira, nob., but is 
far more solid in its texture, of a darker color, and its surface is more polished 
and shining; much less slender too than brevispira, and that species is never so 
abruptly decollate. It appears to be an abundant species. 


M. etauca, Anthony.—Shell conical, folded, of a green color on the lower 
whorls, often modified by a brown tinge on the upper ones; whorls 10, slightly 
convex, with prominent longitudinal ribs, obsolete on the body-whorl; sutures 
well defined, but not deeply marked; aperture ovate, livid within and with 
occasionally a faint rosy tinge there; columella angulated at the middle; sinus 
well defined. 

Hab.—Tennessee. My Cabinet. 

Obds.—A stout species, with prominent, curved ribs on all the upper whorls, 
those on the body-whorl being less clearly defined or else absolutely wanting. 
Color a beautiful apple-green, relieved by a broad yellow band near the suture; 
and this color often passes into a yellowish brown on the upper whorls. Near 
the apex the folds are often traversed by four or five prominent striz, which 
pass over without being interrupted by the longitudinal ribs. May be com- 
pared with M. viridula, nob., as to color, but is less slender, and the ribs at 
once distinguish it. 


M. inrrarascrata, Anthony.—Shell conical, smooth, solid, of a pale brown 
color, form moderately slender and elevated; whorls 8-9, decollate, slightly 
concave; sutures distinct; lines of growth curved and very distinct; body- 
whorl! decidedly concave, with a well-marked ridge revolving near the summit 
of the aperture, so as to make a tolerably sharp angle near the middle of the 
body-whorl; two or three coarse striz revolve parallel with it; below this is a 
dark brown band, continued around the base of the shell; aperture rhombic- 
ovate, livid and banded within; columella strongly incurved, with a callous 
deposit its whole length and well-defined sinus at base. 

Hab.—Tennessee. 

My Cab.; Cab. H. Cuming; A. N.S. Philada.; State Coll., Albany, N. Y.; 
Smithsonian Collection. 

Obs—Compared with M. gradata, nob., it is more elongate, more solid, and 
has not the carina and regularly graded whorls so characteristic of that species. 
Less conical than WM. canaliculata Say, and less broad. Like JM. annulifera, 
Con., in form, but has not the revolving costz of that species. 


M. pavcicosta, Anthony.—Shell conical, nearly smooth, of a dark greenish 
horn color; spire obtusely elevated; whorls nearly flat, with a few distinct 
longitudinal ribs on the upper ones; body-whorl entirely smooth; sutures well 
marked; aperture ovate, within livid or purple; columella rounded; sinus 
small. 

Hab,—Tennessee. 

My Cab.; Cab. H. Cuming, London; A. N.S. Philada.; State Coll., Albany, 
N. Y.; Smithsonian Collection. 

Obs.—Belongs to a group of which mitens may be considered the type. 
From that species it differs, however, by its more robust form and stronger 
ribs. There is also a marked peculiarity in this species not often observed in 
the genus; the spire being acute at the apex, increases regularly for the first 
four or five turns, and then suddenly expanding, becomes as it were distorted 
in appearance. "The ribs are distant from each other and very strongly 
expressed, differing in this respect from M. athleta, which it otherwise resembles. 
It is a beautiful and appears to be an abundant species. 


M. occutTa, Anthony.—Shell conic, smooth, rather thin ; color lemon-yellow, 
inclining to brown, with a darker brown band on each whorl, increasing to two 
on the body-whorl; whorls 7-8, rather convex; suture deeply impressed ; aper- 
ture ovate, within dusky white, with the outer bands seen faintly through its 


1860.] 


58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


substance ; columella beautifully rounded ; outer lip produced, a small sinus at 
base. ; 

Hab.—Wisconsin. 

My Cab.; Cab. H. Cuming, London; A. N.S. Philada.; State Coll., Albany, 
N. Y.; Smithsonian Collection. 

Obs.—A very beautiful and lively species. Bears some resemblance to &. 
pulchella, nob., but is less elongate, more delicately colored, and of a less solid 
texture; the bands are often obsolete, and never so distinctly expressed as in 
pulchella; its spire is also more acute and the whorls more rounded. Com- 
pared with &. brevispira, nob., which in form it resembles, it is more attenuate, 
has a greater number of whorls, and its bands also distinguish it. Its delicate 
yellow color also is not a common character in the genus, and forms a promi- 
nent mark for determination. 


M. opaca, Anthony.—Shell ovate, thick, smooth, of a dark brown color; spire 
short, composed of about six convex whorls; body-whorl large, subangulated 
in the centre; sutures indicated by a narrow lighter line, and very distinct ; 
aperture ovate, livid within ; columella indented and tinged with purple; outer 
lip a little curved; sinus not remarkable. 

Hab.—Alabama. My Cabinet. 

Obs.—A dusky inconspicuous shell of no great beauty. Only two specimens 
have ever come under my notice, but Iam persuaded, nevertheless, that they 
are distinct—cannot well be compared with any other species. More smooth 
than I. athleta, nob., and devoid of ribs, which that species has. Its dark, 
dirty, brown color down to about the middle of the body-whorl and pale olive- 
green underneath, together with its purple columella, may sufficiently distin- 
guish it. 


M. putcuerrmma, Anthony.—Shell conical, carinate, elevated, acute; whorls 
6-8, flat, upper ones obscurely ribbed longitudinally ; body whorl sharply angu- 
lated, with a dark brown band directly upon the carina, and 2 or 3 below it, 
one of which is very near the carina. Upper whorls with 2 bands each, widely 
separated; sutures distinct, rendered more so by the neighboring carina; aper- 
ture ovate, within 3 or 4 banded; columella rounded and indented, sinus small. 

Hab.—North Carolina. 

My Cabinet, Cabinet H. Cuming, London; Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.; State 
Collection Albany, New York; Smithsonian Collection. 

Obs.—A small but remarkably beautiful species; its bright yellow ground and 
conspicuous dark lines give, by contrast, a lively and pleasant character to the 
shell. Compared with M. nigrocincta, uob., it is a larger species, its colors 
are more decided, and its carina are also a prominent mark of difference. M. 
clara nob. is alarger and more globose species, its bands are broader and it has 
no carina. It seems to be an abundant species, varying occasionally in some 
of its characters, but always easily recognized. More than 100 specimens are 
before me. 


M. reveBrocincta, Anthony.—Shell conic-ovate, smooth, rather thick; spire 
rather obtusely elevated ; whorls 6-7, nearly flat, but with an obtuse carina be- 
low the middle of each, and one more decided between that and the suture; 
suture well marked and with a pale band near it;—lines of growth decided; 
aperture linear-ovate, within dusky and having 2 dark bands there,—sinus very 
decided. 

Hab.—Tennessee. 

My Cabinet, Cabinet H. Cuming, London; Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.; State 
Collection, Albany, New York ; Smithsonian Collection. 

O0bs.—Compared with M. valida nob. it is smaller, less robust, more slender, and 
may also be distinguished from that plain species by its more lively exterior—the 
dark brown band or bands, contrast finely with the general color of the shell, 
and with a light band near the sutures. 

[Feb. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 59 


M. vauipa, Anthony.—Shell ovate-conic, smooth, olivaceous, thick; spire 
obtusely elevated, decollate; whorls flat, only about 6 remaining; sutures dis- 
tinct; lines of growth very strong, amounting to varices on’ the body whorl; 
aperture ovate, bluish white within; columella strongly curved, or indented 
about the middle, white; sinus well developed at base; body whorl obscurely, 
concentrically striate, the strie forming faint nodules where they intersect the 
varices. 

Hab.—Tennessee. 

My Cabinet; Cab. of H. Cuming, London; A. N.S. Phila. ; State Coll. Alb. 
N. Y. ; Smithsonian Collection. 

Obs.—This species may be compared with M. tenebrocincta herein described— 
from that species it may be distinguished by its more robust form, uniform dark 
olivaceous color and the absence of the dark bands so conspicuous in that 
species. It has a very solid, compact form, and this with its regular, uniform 
size up to the point of decollation, may serve to distinguish it from all others. 


M. eravipa, Anthony.—Shell ovate, smooth, thick; spire obtusely elevated ; 
whorls 7-8, nearly flat ; sutures well defined ; lines of growth fine, but very dis- 
tinct ; body whorl large, subangulated; aperture oval, livid inside; columella 
deeply indented, covered with a white callus; outer lip curved forward, and 
with the columella forming a small sinus at base. 

Hab.—Alabama. My Cabinet. 

Obs.—A stout, heavy shell, in form and color resembling in some degree 
M. solida, Lea, but is more ovate than that species. Color light brown, 
smooth but not very shining—lines of growth very distinct and curved. A few 
indistinct strie occur at the base of the shell—the lower part of the columella 
is often tinged with a golden hue. 


M. grossa, Anthony.—Shell ovate, folded, thick ; spire obtusely elevated, com- 
posed of about 8 convex whorls rapidly attenuating to an acute apex; whorls 
folded, except the last two; body whorl tumid, smooth; color of epidermis light 
greenish olive; aperture elliptical, whitish inside; columella rounded; outer 
lip much curved, with a well marked sinus at base. 

Hab.—Tennessee. My Cabinet. 

Obs.—A short thick species whose chief characteristics are its bulbous form, 
and short but prominent ribs on the upper whorls. All the whorls but the last 
are remarkably narrow and crowded—lines of growth prominent—4 or 5 striz 
revolve around the base or the shell. Resembles M. glandula, nob., in form, but its 
different color and texture, with its prominent ribs, will at once distinguish it. 


M. ponperosa, Anthony.—Shell conic, broad, smooth, olivaceous, thick; spire 
considerably but not acutely elevated; whorls 7-8, subconvex; lines of growth 
curved and strong; sutures distinct ; aperture rhombic, rather small, whitish 
within; columella indented, outer lips much curved forwards forming a broad 
well marked sinus at base. 

Hab.—Tennessee. My Cabinet. 

Obs.—One of the most ponderous of the genus. In form it resembles &. 
canaliculata, Say, but has not the channel of that species, and differs also in the 
aperture. The body whorl is strongly keeled about the middle and has another 
and less clearly defined carina about midway between the first and the suture 
above. The lines of growth are very strong and occasionally varicose. A 
strong deposit of white callus is found upon the columella, which is much 
thickened near the base. 


M. TraniotaTa, Anthony.—Shell conic-ovate, striate, thick; spire elevated 
but not acute, composed of 6-7, nearly flat whorls ; sutures not distinct ; aper- 
ture sub-rhombic, small, banded within ; columella indented, callous at its lower 
portion, and with a small but distinct sinus at base. . 

Hab.—Alabama. My Cabinet. 

Obs.—A fine, showy, robust species, of a dark yellow color, enlivened by 


1860.] 


60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


several dark brown bands, generally 2 on each whorl; body whorl angulated : 
with one band directly upon the sharp angle, another in close proximity, and 
a third quite distant and near the base of the shell. Band obsolete on the first 
two or three whorls. Surface coarsely striate and obscurely ribbed. 

MELANIA GLANS, Anthony, being preocupied, I propose to change the name 
to M. GLANDULA. 

M. assimitis, Anthony.—Shell small, short, conic, not thick; spire acute, 
composed of about 7 flat whorls; sutures very distinct, of a light horn color; 
aperture small, ovate, dusky within; columella indented; body whorl angu- 
lated ; sinus not broad, but well formed. 

Hab.—Tennessee. My cabinet. 

Obs.—A small delicate species; compared with I. pallidula, nob., it is more 
slender and elevated, has a greater number of whorls, and is devoid of bands. 
From &. angulata, nob. ., it differs in being more slender, more carinate, and 
having a more elevated spire. 


M. cusicoipEs, Anthony.—Shell ovate, smooth, thick; whorls 6—7, flat, the 
upper ones rapidly enlarging to the body whorl, which is broad, and acutely 
angulated; sutures distinct, rendered more so by a sharp carination on the 
lower part of each whorl; aperture broadly ovate, within whitish; columella 
deeply indented ; sinus small. 

Hab.—Wahbash River, Indiana. My Cabinet. 

Obs.—One of the short, thick species, in form not unlike M. euspidata, nob., 
but differing by its sharp carinated body whorl and imbricated spire; the body 
whorl is also strongly striate and obscurely ribbed; these longitudinal ribs are 
very faint, but sufficiently distinct at the sharp carina near the summit of the 
aperture to modify its outline into a waving subnodulous line. 


M. nysripA Anthony.—Shell conical, elevated, nearly smooth, horn colored; 
whorls 8—9, upper ones carinated deeply, lower ones entirely smooth; color 
reddish brown, or dark horn color; sutures distinctly impressed ; aperture 
small, ovate, tinged with rose color or violet within; columella rounded but 
not deeply indented; sinus small. 

Hab.—Tennessee. : 

My Cabinet; Cab. H. Cuming, A.N. S. Philada. ; State Coll., Albany, N. Y.; 
Smithsonian Collection, Washington, D. C. 

Obs.—A neat, pretty species, with no very strong distinctive characters ; 
from intertexta, nobis, which it somewhat resembles; it may be distinguished 
by its less acute form, less numerous whorls, and by its want of reticulated sur- 
face so peculiar to that species. Bears some resemblance, to ©. bella, Con., 
but differs in form of outline and aperture, and has no beaded line; is also 
more elevated than W. bella. 

M. VERSIPELLIS, Anthony.—Shell small, ovate, folded, rather thin; spire not 
elevated, but acute, composed of about 7 flat whorls ; whorls of the spire all 
more or less folded, penult and body whorl smooth: body whorl bulbous, sub- 
angulated, concentrically striate; color olivaceous, ornamented with dark 
brown bands, of which four are on the body whorl and one only on the spiral 
ones, located upon or near the shoulder of each yolution: aperture elliptical, 
about half the length of the shell, banded within. 

Hab.—Tennessee. My Cabinet ; Cab. H. Cuming. 

Obs.—A small and somewhat variable species as to coloration, though very 
constant in other characters; it is sometimes very dark both as ‘to bands and 
general color, and often very light with bands scarcely distinguishable and 
many varieties between; it seems not to be a very common species. 

M. coenata, Anthony.—Shell ovate, short, smooth, moderately thick; spire 
obtusely elevated, consisting of 5—6 convex whorls; color brownish-yellow 
with three dark brown bands about the middle of the body whorl, and one 
very obscure one at the suture; suture deeply impressed ; aperture broad- 


[ Feb. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, 61 


ovate, not large, exhibiting the bands inside; columella deeply rounded, in- 
dented and callous; sinus none. . 

Hab.—Tennessee. My Cab.; Cab. H. Cuming; A.N.S., Philada. 

Obs.—A short, pretty species, with no very marked characters, though easily 
recognised as distinct on examination; in form and coloring somewhat like 
M. compacta, nobis, but far less solid and heavy than that species; the spire is 
more elevated and acute and the surface smoother. It most nearly resembles, 
perhaps, ©. coronilla, nobis, but is less elevated and has not the peculiar 
crowning ribs of that species, which is sufficient at once to distinguish it. It is 
also more robust. 


M. corngorta, Anthony.—Shell small, conical, rather thin ; spire short and not 
very acute, composed of five or six subconvex whorls; whorls all more or less 
folded and with revolving raised strie which give them a subnodulous appear- 
ance; the body whorl has four or five faint bands which appear also within 
the aperture; aperture small, ovate, sinus small. 

Hab.—Alabama. My Cabinet. 

Obds.—This is a small and not very remarkable species, nor can it well be 
compared with any other. One is at first view forcibly reminded of Columbella 
avara, Say, which it resembles both in size and general appearance. The 
bands alluded to are often interrupted and never very fully expressed; body 
whorl subangulated below the middle; does not seem to be a very abundant 
species. Only six individuals are before me. 


M. grata, Anthony.—Shell conic, elevated, smooth, thick; whorls 9, flat, 
terminating in an acute apex, the first three or four whorls being carinated ; 
color light greenish-yellow, ornamented by a single dark band on the spiral 
whorls, and four similar bands on the body whorl, giving the shell a truly 
lively and beautiful appearance ; sutures very distinct ; aperture ovate, banded 
within; columella deeply indented and curved at base, where there is a small 
but rather broad sinus. 


Hab.—Alabama. My Cabinet. 

Obs.—The colors in this species are finely contrasted, and the general ap- 
pearance is very lively and pleasing: the bands on the body whorl are not 
uniformly distributed, the upper and lower ones being widely separated, while 
the central ones are very close together and less distinct. Altogether it is one 
of our most beautiful species. 


M. germana, Anthony.—Shell carinate on the body whorl; form rhombic ; 
substance rather thin; varying in color from ash grey to dark brown; whorls 
six, upper ones smooth; suture very distinct; aperture rhombic, within 
brownish, witb a white area near the outer edge; columella rounded or angu- 
larly indented, slightly callous ; sinus small. 

Hab.—Cahawhba River, Alabama. My Cabinet. 

Obs.—This is another of the short, rhombic species, which are represented 
most fitly by M. rhombica, nob., and includes WM. angulata, nob., M. cubicoides, 
nob., M. cristata, nob., and many others. From M. rhombica, it differs in being 
shorter and less slender, and by wanting the regular concentric striz so con- 
spicuous on the upper half of that species ; it is also less slender than M. angu- 
lata, nob., and more solid. From all other species it may readily be distin- 
guished. . 


M. grisea, Anthony.—Shell ovate, smooth, thick, of a dull grey color; 
whorls 7, convex; sutures very distinct; body whorl obscurely ribbed, and 
having two or three inconspicuous bands revolving around it; aperture large, 
ovate, banded within; columella deeply indented, with a white callus, unusu- 
ally thickened at the summit of aperture; sinus broad but not distinct, 

Hab.—Tennessee River, North Alabama. My Cabinet. 

Obs.—A single specimen only of this species has come under my notice, but 
I cannot consider it referable to any described species. The bands are very 


1860.] 


62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


obscure, scarcely perceptible, and those within the aperture are arrested before 
reaching the edge of the lip. The ribs which are inconspicuous on the spire 
become more decided on the body whorl, and sometimes appear as varices 
there; the spire is very obtusely elevated. 


M. 1ostoma, Anthony.—Shell ovate-conic, smooth; spire obtusely elevated ; 
whorls about six, subconvex; body whorl exhibiting uncommonly strong lines 
of growth, curved and varicose; color greenish olive, shining ; sutures dis- 
tinct; body whorl strongly but not sharply angulated on the middle; aperture 
broad-ovate, within light purple, which becomes very deep on the columella, 
which is regularly rounded: outer lip somewhat produced, and having a well 
developed sinus at base. 

Hab.—Tennessee. 

My Cabinet; Cab. Hugh Cuming, London; A. N.8., Philada.; Smithsonian 
Collection. 

Obs.—This species approaches nearest in form and color to M. glans, nob., 
now changed to glandula, from which it differs in being less globular, of a 
lighter color generally, and by the angulated body whorl. Compared with &. 
pinguis, Lea, it is less obese, more elongate, and has not the rapidly attenuat- 
ing spire of that species. From all others it is readily distinguished. 


M. mnteRTEXTA, Anthony.—Shell conical, acute, and highly elevated ; whorls 
about ten, each strongly ribbed longitudinally and furnished also with revolv- 
ing strie, which becoming more elevated near the suture, arrest the ribs at that 
point; sutures decidedly impressed; aperture pyriform, not large, whitish 
within; columella slightly rounded, not indented ; sinus distinct, but small. 

Hab.—Tennessee. 

My Cab.; Cab. H. Cuming; A. N. 8., Philada.; State Coll., Alb., N. Y.; 
Smithsonian Collection. 

Obs.—A very abundant species. About two hundred specimens are now be- 
fore me, and present characters remarkably uniform. May be compared with 
M, bella, Conrad, but differs by its more elongate and sharply elevated form; its 
ribs are more decided, and it has not the bead-like prominences, so common in 
M. bella, and kindred species. From WM. arachnoidea, nob., it may be distin- 
guished by its less elongate but more acute form, difference of aperture and 
less number of whorls; the striz revolve around the whorls and over the folds 
without being arrested by them, giving the surface a woven appearance: hence 
its name. 


M. rigrpa, Anthony.—Shell conic, elevate, carinate, rather thin; whorls 8—9, 
carinate and banded; sutures distinctly marked; aperture small, elliptical, 
whitish within ; columella indented; sinus small but very distinct. 

Hab.—Tennessee. 

My Cabinet; Cab. H. Cuming; A. N.S., Philada.; State Coll., Alb., N. Y.; 
Smithsonian Collection, Washington, D. C. 

Obs.—This is one of those sharply keeled Melanie of which W. bella, Con., M. 
carino-costata and M. oblita, Lea, may be considered good examples. The 
whorls of the spire have each two carinez, with generally a dark band between 
them, though this is sometimes wanting; the body whorl has four or five of 
these carine and generally two bands, one of which revolves within the aper- 
ture. To the touch this species has a peculiarly rough feel. 


M. eracititrma, Anthony.—Shell conic, thin, brownish ; spire very slender, 
elevated, composed of eight convex whorls, the upper ones folded and striate, 
the lower ones smooth, the strie being replaced by indistinct, slender, brown 
lines; sutures very deeply impressed, a sharp carina on the lower portion of 
each whorl, rendering them quite distinct; aperture small, ovate, banded in- 
side; columella indented; sinus small. 

Hab.—South Carolina. 

My Cabinet. 

[Feb. 


: NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 63 


Obs.—A peculiarly slender, graceful species, in form somewhat like MV. strigosa, 
Lea, but more folded and more slender. The striz on the upper whorls are 
very distinct where they intersect the folds, and give the shell a tuberculous 
appearance; the folds are arrested by the carina, which is elevated. The brown 
lines on the body whorl are often slightly elevated, but nevertheless, indistinct, 
and are about fourin number. A faint line or band of a yellow color revolves 
around the upper portion of the two lower whorls. 


GYROTOMA. 


As some confusion exists regarding the name of this genus, the following 
notes are given :— 

The genus Melatoma was established by Swainson, and first given to the 
world in 1840, in his “Treatise on Shells and Shell Fishes,” published in 
London, founded, as he says, (p. 202,) ‘upon a remarkable Ohio shell sent 
him many years before by his old friend Prof. Rafinesque.” “It has,” he 
remarks, ‘‘ the general form of'a Pleurotoma and of a Melafusus, with a well- 
defined sinus or cleft near the top of the outer lip, while the inner, though 
thin, is somewhat thickened above.” The other characters named by him are 
such as are generally considered rather specific than generic, and the pleuro- 
toma-like cut in the outer lip as applied to a fluviatile univalve is altogether 
sufficient to indicate the new genus. The specimen alluded to by Swainson, 
and from which his generic description was drawn, was an imperfect one, and 
the species has not since been identified by American naturalists. This is lesg 
to be wondered at when we consider how very local the genus has always been, 
and how few specimens have found their way into our collections. The waters 
of Alabama have as yet monopolized this interesting genus, and it is probable 
that even there it is confined almost, if not quite, exclusively to the Coosa and 
its tributaries. 

On p. 342 Swainson gives the following generic description, adding a figure; 

“ Fusiform, longitudinally ribbed; a deep sinus at the top of the outer lip; 
base contracted, channel wide.” 

Mr. Swainson’s figure is quite unsatisfactory. His genus Melatoma is referred 
doubtfally to Clionella by H. and A. Adams, and has not prevailed for this 
genus in America or Europe. I have therefore decided not to make use of it 
in this case. 

Subsequently this genus has been noticed by various authors, and other 
names have been applied to it. In 1841 or 1842, Dr. J. W. Mighels sent me 
Specimens of one species under the name of Apella scissura; but his generic 
name was never published, and his species, if not identical with any which Mr. 
Lea afterwards described, seems to have been overlooked and forgotten. 

On the 14th of December, 1842, Mr. Lea read a paper before the American 
Philosophical Society, in which he describes Melania excisa and Anculosa incisa. 
In his remarks upon these species he alludes to the pleurotomose cut in the 
superior part of the upper lip, and at the same time suggests the possibility of 
its being necessary, in consequence of that character, to construct a new genus, 
which he proposed to call “Schizostoma.” Mr. Lea finding his name “ Schizos- 
toma” preoccupied in Paleontology, changed it to ‘Schizochilus.” (March 5, 
1852, Obs. v. p. 51.) Ina paper read May 2d, 1845, Mr. Lea, in a foot-note to 
page 93, first indicates the generic characters of Schizostoma as follows :— 
“Testa vel conica vel fusiformis; labrum superne fissura; apertura ovata; 
columella levis, incurva;” and describes six additional species. 

In the above concise definition of the genus it will at once be noted that the 
fissure at the upper part of the outer lip is after all the essential character; and 
Mr. Lea himself seems to be aware of this, since of the six species then described 
he states the aperture to be elliptical in five cases and rhomboidal in the other, 
although his generic character is “aperture ovate;” indeed in the species 
described by him but a single one has the aperture ovate, and that one ig 
described as an Anculosa, 


1860.] 


64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


It may be doubted whether Mr. Lea’s first name will not eventually prevail, 
since, before he published Schizostoma, Bronn’s genus of the same name 
(Lethea Geogn. i. 95, 1835-1837), had been called a synonym of Bifrontia 
(Omalaxis) of Deshayes. ( Vide Desh. in Lam. ix. p. 104.) Indeed, H. and A. 
Adams (Gen. Rec. Moll. i. 305) do not appear correct in giving preference to 
Gyrotoma over Schizostoma, Lea, on account of Schizostoma, Bronn, since (on 
p- 244) the latter name is placed in the synonymy of Omalaxis. 

Another generic name Schizostonia is quoted in Hermannsen’s Index. I have- 
not obtained access to the work containing this description, but its date is said 
to be anterior to Mr. Lea’s description. 

Mr. Lea’s second name, Schizochilus, had previously been used in Coleoptera 
but withdrawn before Mr. Lea’s description was published. 

Mr. Shuttleworth, in July, 1845, (Mittheilungen der Naturforschenden Ge- 
sellschaft in Bern, p. 88,) gives another description of the genus under the 
name of Gyrotoma, founded on two species from the Coosa River, descriptions 
of which are also given. 

The generic name of Mr. Shuttleworth has been adopted in H. and A. Adams’ 
Genera of Recent Mollusca (i. p. 305, Feb., 1854.) 

Dr. Gray also (Guide to Mollusca, i. p. 103, 1857) adopts Shuttleworth’s 
name. 

Such being the confused state of the synonymy of the genus, we have decided 
to adopt, at least temporarily, the earliest name concerning which no doubt 
exists. 

Only about ten species of this genus have as yet been published, eight of 
which are by Mr. Lea in 1842 and 1845, since which time few specimens have 
been collected, and but two new species added. I now propose to add descrip- 
tions of nine new species to the number already known, in one of which, “ G. 
salebrosa,’ we note a character not hitherto observed, except in what was per- 
haps the original type of the genus, viz., a nodulous coronation upon or near 
the suture, which nodules by lateral compression assume the form of folds or 
plaits, thus approximating the longitudinal ribs of Gyrotoma costata, Swainson. 
Gyrotoma bulbosa, nob., herein described, also exhibits this character, though 
far less decidedly; and as specimens become more common, we may hope to 
re-discover the original type so long unknown. 


Gyroroma REcTA, Anthony.—Shell smooth, cylindrical, yellowish, thick ; 
spire short, originally furnished with about 5 low whorls, of which 3 are nearly 
lost by truncation; fissure moderately broad, not quite direct and not re- 
markably deep; sutures lightly impressed; aperture narrow ovate, occupying 
about 3-5ths of the length ofthe shell; within dusky and obscurely banded ; 
columella callous, thickened abruptly at the fissure. 

Length of shell 11-16 in. Length of aperture 7-16. Breadth of shell 3 in. 
Breadth of aperture 3-16. 

Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. My Cabinet. 

Obs.—This is the most cylindrical species I have ever seen in this genus. 
In its general form and coloring it most nearly resembles G. demissa, nob., but 
is longer, more elevated, smoother, and is ornamented with bands, which on 
that species are entirely wanting ; these bands on the body whorl are three in 
number, of which the middle one is the narrowest and least distinct ; they are 
widely distant from each other; the cord-like cincture is very prominent in 
this species and the fissure is farther removed from the suture than is usual. 
It is altogether a beautiful and graceful species. 


GyYROTOMA DEMIssA, Anthony.—Shell short, robust, thick, truncate, of a 
dark horn color; spire flat by truncation, exhibiting traces of about four 
whorls; body whorl cylindrical; fissure broad, waved, and rather deep; 
aperture elliptical, within whitish ; columella thickened along its whole ex- 
tent, but most so at the fissure. 

Length of shell 10-16 in. Length of aperture 7-16. Breadth of shell 7-16. 
Breadth of aperture 4-16. My Cabinet. 

[Feb. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 65 


Obs.—A fine cylindrical species, whose chief characteristics are its very 
smooth, polished surface, plain russet color, and flat, truncate spire; the 
lines of growth are unusually strong in this species, and the darker lines in- 
dicating the terminus of previous mouths are very distinct and numerous, 
evidencing frequent and many pauses in its growth; the columella is much 
bent near its base, and anarrow but distinct sinus is formed at about the mid- 
dle space between the outer lip and columella. A single specimen only is be- 
fore me, but seems so very distinct from all others that I have no hesitation in 
considering it new. 


Gyroroma quapRATA, Anthony.—Shell short, smooth, fusiform, rather thick, 
olivaceous ; spire short, composed of about 4 very low whorls, the upper two 
being partially obliterated by erosion; fissure rather broad, waved, but not 
remarkably deep; sutures distinct; whorls distinctly but not squarely 
shouldered ; aperture elliptical, occupying more than half the length of the 
shell; within 3 banded ; columella with a light callous deposit. 

Length of shell 9-16 in. Length of aperture 6-16in. Breadth of shell 7-16 
in. Breadth of aperture 3-16 in. 

Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. My Cabinet; Cab. H. Cuming, London. 

Obs.—The most remarkable characteristic at first view of this species is its 
short, square form ; its color is dark, and the bands which are very broad are 
not very distinct; hence its general aspect is not so pleasing to the eye as many 
others ; the fissure is broadly separated from the body of the shell, outer lip 
very sharp and sinuous, forming, with the columella, a small not very distinct 
sinus at base. ‘n form it approaches most nearly perhaps to G. salebrosa, nob., 
but is more delicate in texture, thinner, and has no armature as in that 
species. 


GyRoToMA BULBosA, Anthony.—Shell striate, ovate, moderately thick, dark 
olive ; spire obtusely elevated, subtruncate, 4 whorls only remaining ; whorls 
of the spire subconvex; sutures very distinct, rendered more so by the 

houldering of the whorls; body whorl inflated, subangulated a little below 
fie suture, from which angle it shelves towards it, and having 2 or 3 dark, 
broad bands revolving round it ; lines of growth curved and very distinct, al- 
most like crowded ribs ; fissure perfectly strait, very narrow and not deep; 
aperture rather long, of a dusky color within and ornamented by 3 broad and 
distinct bands there ; columella smooth, except at the lower part, where it is 
slightly thickened. 

Length of shell 9-16 in. Length of aperture 5-16 in. Breadth of shell 2 in. 
Breadth of aperture 3-16 in. 

Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. My Cabinet. 

Obs.—A short ovate species resembling in some respects G. ovalis, nob., 
herein described ; it is less elevated than that species, more ventricose, and its 
surface is rougher; indeed, there seems to be indications of obscure folds on 
the body whorl of this species near the suture, which in very old specimens 
may be more fully expressed, and thus bring it into close affinity with JM. sale- 
brosa, nob, These folds, which were noted by Swainson as a generic character 
in his original type, and which are wanting in all the species since published, 
and now re-discovered, are exceedingly interesting in that connexion. 


GyroroMA ovALis, Anthony.—Shell smooth, oval, olivaceous, moderately 
thick ; spire obtusely elevated, composed of about 5—6 convex whorls, of 
which 2 are generally lost by truncation ; sutures deeply impressed ; aperture 
broadly elliptical, banded within; fissure direct, exceedingly narrow and 
very deep, extending nearly one half around the shell; columella slightly 
curved by a callus. 

Length of shell 10-16 in. Length of aperture 7-16 in. Breadth of shell 
7-16 in. Breadth of aperture 4-16 in. 

Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. My Cabinet. 

Obs.—A fine symmetrical species remarkable for its regularly oval form and 


1860.) 
5 


66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


unusually deep, linear fissure ; the whorls are somewhat shonldered, though 
not so much so as in many of the species; the spiral whorls are furnished 
with two broad bands, ome near the top of each and the other widely separate 
and near the succeeding whorl, being often half concealed by it; there are 3 
bands on the body whorl equidistant from each other; compared with G. bul- 
dosa, nob., which it most nearly resembles, it is longer, more linear, and has 
not the rapidly attenuating spire of that species nor its roughly striate sur- 
face. 


Gyrotoma AMPLA, Anthony.—Shell smooth, ovate, rather thick, olivaceous; 
spire not elevated, but acute ; whorls 6—7, subconvex; sutures well defined ; 
fissure broad, rather deep and waved; aperture moderate, elliptical, flesh 
colored and banded within; columella smooth, or slightly thickened only at 
the fissure ; body whorl striate, and banded ; whorls of the spire not banded, 
but having a thickened cord-like line near the suture. 

Length 11-14in. Breadth 7-16in. Length of aperture 7-17 in. Breadth 
of aperture 4-16 in. 

Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. My Cabinet. 

Obs.—A fine symmetrical species of this interesting genus which hitherto 
has not been very productive in species. Compared with Schizostoma funicu- 
latum, Lea, which it most nearly resembles, it is smoother, thinner, more 
acute, and has not the double cord-like lines of that species. Most if not all 
the species of Gyrotoma have the fissure gradually filled up behind as it is 
pushed forward in the process of growth, by a cord-like line more or less pro- 
minent, often so much so as to produce quite a shoulder at the suture, and 
this species is so marked, but it has no cord-like line in the middle of the 
body whorl as described in funiculatum. 


GyROTOMA SALEBRosA, Anthony.—Shell fusiform, robust, thick, nodulous, of 
a dusky olive color; spire truncated, leaving scarcely more than the body 
whorl, but indicating by traces on the truncation the loss of three or four 
others ; fissure moderately open, waved, not deep; body whorl, roughly nodu- 
lous at the upper part and ornamented by three dark bands below; apertur 
ample, ovate, dusky within and bounded with three broad bands; columella 
deeply rounded, covered with a thick deposit of callus, white at its lower por- 
tion, but tinged with dark brown at the fissures. 

Length of shell 3 in. Breadth of shell 3. Length of aperture 94-16. 
Breadth of aperture 5-16. 

Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. My Cabinet. 

Obs.—This species presents the unusual characteristic of a nodulous surface, 
which character has not been observed in any species hitherto described by 
any American author. These nodules are very conspicuous and much com- 
pressed laterally, so as to present very much the appearance of coarsely folded 
ribs, thus furnishing a close approximation to the original type from which 
Swainson formed the genus; on this account it becomes exceedingly interest- 
ing, as indicating great variety in the specific forms of this genus, giving 
assurance that among the many varied forms yet to be discovered we may at 
last find the identical species sent by Rafinesque to Swainson. These com- 
pressed nodules will at once distinguish it from all other species. 


GyYROTOMA CARINIFERA, Anthony.—Shell conic, thick, dark brown; spire 
obtusely elevated, truncate, though not abruptly so, six whorls remain, one 
or two having apparently been lost by truncation; carinations elevated, sub- 
acute and found on all the whorls, two on each of the spiral ones and three to 
four on the body whorl; fissure direct, broad, and moderately deep, extending 
about 1-5th around the shell; sutures irregular, much modified by the carina, 
and often concealed in part by them; aperture ovate and banded within; 
columella much rounded, callous at the lower part only ; outer lip irregularly 
waved, its outline modified by the carine on the body whorl.. No sinus. 


[Feb. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 67 


Length of shell Zin. Breadth of shell} in. Length of aperture 54-16 in‘ 
Breadth of aperture } in. 

Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. My Cabinet. 

Obs.—This species cannot well be confounded with any other yet described. 
In general form and in its armature one is very forcibly reminded of Melania 
annulifera, Con., from which it differs, however, not only generically, but by 
its more ovate base; the carine are lighter in color than the general body of 
the shell, and are slightly irregular or sub-nodulous in outline; it is a stout, 
heavy species, and has a smaller aperture proportionally than is common in 
the genus; the bands within the aperture are five in number, very dark, and 
the three central ones are disposed to be confluent ; adark broad band revolves 
around the base of the shell. Compared with Schizoztoma pagoda, Lea, it 
differs in color, in its more elongate form, and by tne character of its carine, 
which are more uniform, the main variation being that they are more diffused 
on the whorl, whereas, in Mr. Lea’s species they are particularly conspicuous 
near the apex. 


Gyroroma Rosusta, Anthony.—Shell fusiform, robust, thick, of a dark olive 
color; spire obtuse, consisting of one perfect whorl remaining, with marks of 
two or three more, lost by truncation ; body whorl broad, ornamented by three 
obscure, dark, wide bands; fissure rather broad, curved, not deep, closed 
behind by a cordlike cincture, very prominent, beneath which and close to it 
is a narrow depression or furrow; aperture narrow, ovate, banded inside; 
columella well rounded and covered by callus; lines of growth very distinct 
and much curved, rendering the shell rough by their prominence. 

Length of shell 3 in. Breadth of shell 9-16. Length of aperture 10-16. 
Breadth of aperture 5-6. 

Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. My Cabinet. 

Obs.—This is a large, robust species, somewhat resembling Melania ampla, 
nob. in form, and not unlike it in coloring ; it is about the largest species I 
have seen in this genus, and certainly not the least beautiful; compared with 
G. salebrosa, nob., herein described, it is larger, smoother, more inflated, and 
has not the rib-like prominences so characteristic of that species; the lower 
part of the columella is somewhat flattened and thickened, and another thick- 
ening takes place at the aperture, leaving a thinner space between the two 
points. 


AncuLosa orNATA, Anthony.—Shell conic, rather thick, smooth ; spire ele- 
vated, composed of about five convex whorls; suture distinct; color dark 
yellow, polished, with dark brown bands revolving around the shell; three 
bands visible on the body whorl and only one upon the volutions of the spire ; 
aperture ovate, livid and banded within; columella furnished with a callus, 
often tinted with rose color; sinus very small. 

Hab.—North Carolina. My Cabinet ; Cab. Hugh Cuming, London; A. N.S§., 
Phila.; State Coll., Alb., N. Y.; Smithsonian Collection. 

Obs.—A fine species, so much elevated as readily to be taken for a Melania ; 
the dark bands ona yellow ground give it a lively appearance; about one 
hundred specimens are before me, and present very little variation; the dark 
bands within the aperture are very conspicuous, one being near the upper 
angle, two others near each other, but widely separated from the first, anda 
fourth near the base of the shell; the middle bands are often confluent, and 
all of them are arrested by a broad area before they reach the outer edge. 


AncuLosa ~icaTa, Anthony.—Shell ovate, smooth, of a dark green color, 
rather thick; spire obtusely elevated, composed of about four whorls; suture 
very distinct ; upper whorls flattened, body whorl constricted at the middle, 
banded; aperture ovate, banded within; columella deeply indented, callons ; 
no sinus at base. 


1860.] 


68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Hab.—Alabama. My Cabinet; Cab. Hugh Cuming; A. N. S., Philad.; 
State Coll., Albany, N. Y.; Smithsonian Collection. 

Obs.—This species, of which I have some twenty or thirty individuals before 
me, seems remarkably constant in character for an Anculosa, and not readily 
mistaken for any other; its color, which is a dirty dark green, is but poorly 
relieved by the faint bands on the whorl; nevertheless, it is an interesting 
species, and one which will always attract attention; its most prominent 
character is the constriction on the body whorl, which gives the appearance of 
a cord having been drawn tightly around it while in a yielding state. 


ANCULOSA CORPULENTA, Anthony.—Shell ovate or broad ovate, smooth, 
thick; spire rather elevated; composed of 4-6 subconvex whorls; suture 
decidedly impressed ; aperture very broad, ovate, ample, banded inside; col- 
umella well rounded, slightly covered with white callus, and with a slight in- 
dication of sinus at base. 

Hab.—North Carolina. My Cabinet ; Cab. Hugh Cuming, London; A. N.S., 
Philada.; State Coll. Albany, N. Y.; Smithsonian Collec., Washington, D. C. 

Obs.—Cannot well be confounded with any of its congeners ; it is unusually 
elevated for an Anculosa, resembling more a Paludina in that respect; the 
whorls are regularly but not abruptly shouldered, and are often excavated 
with a narrow channel at the middle; stri# and even indistinct carine are 
often visible, but are not a constant character; the bands within the aperture 
are not always well defined and are sometimes wanting altogether; when 
present they are generally five in number, and are arrested by a narrow white 
space at the outer lip; body whorl often subangulated. 

Occurs in Dan river, North Carolina, in company with Anculosa canalifera, 
nob., and appears to be verycommon. Several hundred specimens of various 
ages are now hefore me. ; 


ANCULOSA CANALIFERA, Anthony.—Shell ovate, costate, of a brown color, thin; 
spire acutely elevated, composed of 5—6 sharply carinate whorls ; suture not 
very distinct; aperture about half the length of the shell, ovate, banded in- 
side; columella deeply indented; sinus none. 

Hab.—North Carolina, in Dan river. 

My Cabinet; Cab. Hugh Cuming, London; A. N. §., Phila.; State Coll., 
Albany, N. Y.; Smithsonian Coll., Washington, D. C. 

Obs.—One of our most curious and beautiful species, which no one can easily 
mistake; the whole shell is crossed with sharp, elevated coste running around 
the whorls and corresponding deep grooves between them; about five coste on 
the body whorl; a less number on the spire volutions; these ribs appear as 
dark bands in the interior of the aperture, and there is a broad non-elevated 
band at the base of the shell; differs from Anc. costata, nob., by the size and 
piominence of its ribs and by its elevated spire. 


ANcULOSA virIDULA, Anthony.—Shell ovate, of a uniform dark green color, 
rather thin; spire much elevated, composed of 4—5 convex whorls; sutures 
very distinct; aperture ovate, large, about half the length of the shell, livid 
inside; columella well rounded; has a broad but not well defined sinus. 

Hab.—Tennessee. My Cabinet; Cab. Hugh Cuming, London; A. N. §&., 
Philada.; Smithsonian Coll., Washington, D. C. 

Obs.—In form and coloring this species resembles Paludina decisa, Say, when 
that is about half grown, and but for its operculum one would hardly deem it 
an Anculosa; it is a plain, unadorned species, not liable to be confounded with 
any other; its body whorl is large and subangulated; lines of growth well 
defined and close; it has a slight disposition to shouldering at the suture ; it 
is not an abundant species so far as at present known. 


AncuLosaA PATULA, Anthony.—Shell ovate, of an uniform dark horn color, 
rather thin; whorls 4—5, convex; sutures very distinct; aperture semicircu- 


(Feb, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 69 


lar, within whitish ; columella only slightly rounded, somewhat flattened by 
a callous deposit, more or less tinged with dirty red. 

Hab.—Tennessee. My Cab. ; Cab.Hugh Cuming, London; A. N.S., Phila- 
delphia; State collection, Albany, N. Y.; Smithsonian collection. 

Obs.—Resembles none other of the genus; its color, which is of a dull dark 
brown, and its semicircular mouth, remarkable for its length and breadth, are 
prominent marks of distinction ; the body whorl is very much inflated and 
angulated or subangulated ; the interior aperture is often blotched with ir- 
regular, dirty brown spots ; spire elevated and acute, rapidly diminishing to 
the apex; the lines of growth are strong, and on some specimens a single 
prominent varix may be noticed. 


ANCULOSA ELEGANS, Anthony.—Shell subglobose, smooth, thick; spire de- 
pressed, consisting of 3—4 flat whorls; color fine glossy dark yellow, orna- 
mented with darker bands, of which five are on the body whorl; aperture 
obliquely ovate and banded within; columella deeply curved, with a heavy 
callous deposit ; sinus very small. 

Hab.—Alabama. My Cabinet. 

Obs.—A highly ornamental species, which cannot be compared with any 
other ; its bands on a yellow ground render it very lively ; it is heavier and 
smoother than A. ampla, nobis, not so broad in the aperture and far more 
beautiful; neither is it so much shouldered as that species. 


ANCULOSA zEBRA, Anthony.—Shell subglobose, smooth, moderately thick ; 
spire obtusely elevated, but slightly decorticated, and composed of four convex 
whorls ; sutures distinctly impressed ; aperture broad, ovate, within bluish, 
with the epidermal colors seen faintly through ; columella rounded, covered 
with callus, which is thickened at the upper part. 

Hab.—Alabama. My Cabinet. 

Obs.—This species presents an appearance not often seen in the genus, by 
its mottled, variegated epidermis ; the general ground color is gamboge yel- 
low, but'it is varied by blotches of very dark brown or reddish, often running 
into diagonal lines, which gives the shell a very lively and pleasant look. 
Only one other species is described as being similarly marked, viz., A. flam- 
mata, Lea; that species I have never seen, but the descriptien does not war- 
rant me in considering the two identical. 

In old specimens the spire is often produced and somewhat nodulous, while 
the longitudinal bands become broken into irregular lines, so interrupted as 
to become scarcely more than quadrangular spots ; it is one of our most beau- 
tiful species. About a dozen specimens are before me. 


Io rurrita, Anthony.—Shell conic, elevated, horn colored, spinous ; spines 
rather short and heavy, about seven on each whorl; whorls nine; aperture 
pyriform, about one-third the length of the shell, and irregularly banded 
within; columella rounded, slightly twisted and forming a short, narrow 
eanal at base. 

Length of shell 2} in. Breadth of shell 3? in. Length of aperture 3 in, 
Breadth of aperture 7-16 inch, 

Hab.—Tennessee. 

Obs.—This is the most slender and elongate species of this genus which has 
come under my notice, and although a single specimen only has as yet been 
discovered, its claims to rank as a species will hardly be questioned ; its long, 
slender form, stout, closely set spines, and small aperture will at once dis- 
tinguish it from its congeners; two faint bands traverse each whorl, one of 
which lies precisely in the plane of the spines; lines of growth very distinct, 
nearly varicose. 


Io Brevis, Anthony.—Shell conic, ovate, horn colored, spinous; spines 
short, thick, five on each whorl; whorls about seven; aperture elliptical or 
pyriform, one-half the length of the shell; collumella rounded and sinuous 


1860.] 


70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


near the base, forming with the outer lip a broad, well defined canal at the 
base. 

Length of shell 2 in. Breadth of shell 14 in. Length of aperture 1 in. 
Breadth of aperture ? inch. 

Hab.—Tennessee. My Cab.; Cab. Hugh Cuming, London; A. N.S., Phila- 
delphia ; State collection, Abany, N. Y.; Smithsonian collection, Washing- 
ton, D. C. 

Obs.—Another of the short, heavy forms in this genus, so unlike the normal 
type of Jo spinosa ; we think no one need confound it with any other species ; 
its short, heavy, flattened spines jutting out like so many miniature spear 
heads and its peculiarly twisted columella will readily characterize it. The 
columella is also covered with a dense callous deposit, increased in thickness 
at its upper part, and often blotched with dark red at that point; irregular, 
ill defined, but broad bands are seen in the interior, often faintly visible on 
the epidermis. Appears to be a rather common species in some localities, of 
which I possess some hundreds of specimens. 


Io rvERMIs, Anthony.—Shell conical, smooth, thick ; moderately elevated, 
composed of 7—8 flattened whorls ; suture very distinct ; upper whorls slight- 
ly coronated by an obscure row of low spines nearly concealed by the pre- 
ceding whorl; shell otherwise perfectly smooth or only occasionally or ob- 
scurely nodulous on the body whorl; lines of growth very strong and much 
curved; aperture pyriform, curved to the left, banded within ; columella 
twisted, callous, thickened above ; sinus long and curved. 

Length of shell 21-16 in. Breadth of shelllin. Length of aperture 1 inch. 
Breadth of aperture $ inch. 

Hab.—Tennessee. My Cab.; Cab. Hugh Cuming, London; A. N. §., Phila- 
delphia ; State collection, Albany, N. Y. ; Smithsonian collec., Washington, 
D.C. 


Obs.—Remarkable mainly for its plain, unadorned exterior and smooth 
epidermis ; its color is also lighter than ‘‘spinosa’”’ or ‘‘ fluviatilis’”’. No 
spines are visible on the body whorl of this species generally, but I have a few 
specimens which may perhaps belong to it, and which have a few obscure 
spines near the aperture; these are, however, little more than knobs. Some 
hundreds of this species have come under my notice. 


Io sprrostoma, Anthony.—Shell conical, broadly ovate, horn colored, 
spinous: spines short, thick, seven to eight on each whorl; whorls about 
nine; aperture ovate, about half the length of the shell; columella and 
outer lip much and regularly twisted, and forming a well defined sinus at 
base. 

Length of shell 12in. Breadth of shell 1jin. Length of aperture 15-16 in. 
Breadth of aperture $ inch. 

Hab.—Tennessee. My Cab. and Cab. Hugh Cuming, London. 

Obs.—This is truly a most remarkable species of this highly interesting 
genus of Mollusks; its difference from the ordinary type of Jo spinosa is too 
marked to admit of its being confounded with that, or indeed any other 
species ; its stout, ovate form, short, heavy spines, and, above all, the peculiar 
and graceful curvature of its outer lip, are prominent characteristics and readily 
distinguish it. Among several thousand specimens of Jo in my possession, 
but three adult individuals of this species have been noticed, although I have 
a dozen or more which seem to be immature forms of it; it may therefore be 
considered as not only one of the most aberrant and beautiful forms of Jo, 
but also one of the rarest. 


Patupina Lima, Anthony.—Shell ovate, rather thin, dark green; spire ob- 
tusely elevated and composed of six convex whorls, which are strongly striate 
or subcarinate ; sutures very distinct, and the upper part of each whorl being 
flattened renders it more conspicuous ; aperture broad-ovate, about half the 


[Feb. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 71 


length of the shell, livid within; c>lumella slightly rounded and callous 
deposit small; umbilicus none. 

Length 1} inches. Breadth # inch. 

Hab.—South Carolina. My Cab.; Cab. H. Cuming, London; A. N. S., 
Philada. ; Smithsonian collection, Washington, D. C. 

Obs.—In general form not unlike our Western P. integra, Say, from which 
it differs, however, by its revolving, raised strie and by its carina, which are 
also well developed; the lines of growth are very strong, and decussating with 
the stria give the surface a beautifully rough appearance, which suggests its 
specific name. It is really one of our handsomest species, and so unlike all 
others that no American species can readily be mistaken for it. In most speci- 
mens the body whorl is very strongly carinate about the middle, and the outer 
lip is considerably produced as in P. subsolida, nob. 


Patupina DECAPITATA, Anthony.—Shell globular, thin, of a light green color ; 
spire truncate, but never elevated under any circumstances, composed of 
about four very flat whorls ; aperture broad, ovate, one-half the length of the 
shell, within dusky white ; columella regularly but not deeply rounded, with a 
slight deposit of callous, and having a very small linear umbilicus at base. 

Hab.—Tennessee. My Cabinet. 

Obs.—A single specimen only is before me, and therefore I claim it as a new 
species with some hesitation ; it seems to me, however, too unlike any of the 
ordinary forms in this genus to warrant its being included with any of them ; 
it is the most globose of any species hitherto published, if we except the small, 
round forms which were long since removed, and very properly too, to Amni- 
cola ; the spire is entirely wanting, but traces of the sutures show the number 
of whorls ; and its present appearance forbids the idea of its ever having had 
an elevated spire. 


Patupina HUMEROSA, Anthony.—Shell ovate, thick, bright green, imper- 
forate ; spire rather obtusely elevated, composed of about 5—6 convex whorls ; 
upper whorls smooth, body whorl and preceding one strongly striate and 
granulate or subgranulate ; sutures very distinct ; aperture ovate, nearly one- 
half the length of the shell, livid within. 

Length about half an inch. 

Hab.—Alabama. My Cabinet. 

Obs.—A single specimen only is before me, but it is sufficiently distinct ; its 
granulated surface and the broad shouldering of the whorls are its chief char- 
acteristics ; compared with P. genicula, Con., it is more slender, darker in color, 
and its granulated surface is of itself a sufficient distinction. 


Patupina Exitis, Anthony.—Shell turrited, smooth, rather thick; color 
light apple green; spire elevated, composed of about seven volutions ; suture 
well marked ; aperture small, broad-ovate, livid within ; body whorl distinctly 
angulated, subumbilicate, and with very distinct lines of growth; columella 
well rounded and curved with a callous deposit, connecting perfectly with the 
outer lip thus forming a continuous rim. 

Length 1j inches. Breadth ? inch. 

Hab.—Mississippi. My Cab.; Cab. H. Cuming, London; A. N. 8., Phila- 
delphia; State collection, Albany, N. Y.; Smithsonian collection. 

Obs.—One of the most slender of our American species; Paludina subsolida, 
nob., is more ponderous, more globose, and has a larger aperture; no other 
species approaches it in general appearance ; the whorls of this species taper 
more rapidly to an acute apex than in most of the species ; compared with P. 
integra, Say, it is more slender, more solid, and the aperture is much smaller. 


PALUDINA suBsoLIDA, Anthony.—Shell ovate, imperforate, very thick; color 
light green, verging to brown in old specimens ; spire much elevated, com- 
posed of 6—7 inflated whorls; sutures very distinct ; aperture broad-ovate, 


1860. } 


72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


about one-third of the length of the shell, within white; lip curved forward 
and forming a very conspicuous, subacute tip near its base; columella well 
rounded, a thick callous deposit covering the umbilicus. 

Length 2 inches ; breadth 14 inches. 

Hab.—Illinois. My Cab. ; Cab. Hugh Cuming, London. 

Obs.—This is the most ponderous species in the genus, far exceeding P. 
ponderosa, Say, in that respect; compared with that species it is not only 
much more solid and heavy, but its spire is proportionally more elongate, 
whorls more convex, while the body whorl is less ventricose, and the aperture 
is uncommonly small for a Paludina of its size; the body whorl is disposed to 
be angulated near its middle; all the whorls are more or less shouldered and 
the lines of growth are very conspicuous ; the body whorl is obscurely striate 
concentrically, and its surface thereby modified so as to present a faintly sculp- 
tured appearance, and the strie being somewhat finely undulated the appear- 
ance under a microscope is very pleasing. 


Supplement to ‘‘A Catalogue of the Venomous Serpents in the Museum of the 
Academy,” etc. 


BY E. D. COPE. 


Species 19. Teleuraspis Castelnaui Cope. Another specimen, obtained 
in a collection made between Fort Riley and Pike’s Peak, Kansas, with Scelo- 
porus undulatus, Ablabes occipitalis, Bascanion flaviventris, 
etc. As the same collection, however, contained a specimen of Liophis 
reginez, the occurrence of the South American serpent in question was 
doubtless the result of accident or mistake. 


P. 345. After Elaps altirostris insert 

64. E. Hemprichii Jan, Rev. et Mag. de Zoologie, 1858, p. 524. 
One spec. Surinam. Dr. Colhoun. 

Our specimen differs from those described by Prof. Jan with respect to the 
number of gastrosteges included in the black rings. In those the central ring 
covers but one plate ; in ours, four, the lateral ones six or seven. The great 
breadth of these rings compared with the light spaces, distinguishes it at once 
from any other species which we have seen. ‘The muzzle is short, and the 
nostrils widely separated. Total length 11 inches. Gastrosteges 181, anal 1, 
urosteges 27. 


P. 346, species 51. A more careful examination of the two specimens here 
assigned, with a mark of doubt, to Elaps Marcgravii, has convinced us 
that neither of them belong to that species, and that they are in fact distinct 
from each other. The smaller we believe to be undescribed. After fili- 
formis Gthr. it is the most slender South American Elaps. Upon comparing 
it with a young E, lemniscatus, which has a head of the same size, the 
proportions of the body and tail are nearly similar, but the number of sets of 
rings is rather less. The head is not so broad posteriorly, and the occipital 
plates are a little more elongate. The principal difference, however, lies in the 
distribution of colors on the head. This is entirely black above and below as 
far as three scales behind the occipitals, except a yellow band behind the post- 
oculars. This covers the sixth upper labial, one temporal above it, anterior 
third of the occipitals, hinder edge of superciliaries, and greater part of the 
vertical. Superior labials seven, third and fourth coming into the orbit. 
Distance from the black of the head to first ring, eleven scales. Eight sets of 
yings, the middle not twice as wide as the external ring, which is as broad as 
the yellow interval. Gastrosteges 197; anal 1; urosteges 19 pair. Length 11 
ony Ee 

We propose calling this species Elaps melanogenys. . 

One specimen, presented by Dr. Wilson; locality unknown. 


[ Feb. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 73 


E. Gravenhorstii Jan, loc. cit. p. 524, resembles this species, but has 
a black half-collar only, and a longer tail. The preocular is very small, sepa- 
rated from the nasal by the contiguous post-frontal and superior labial. In 
our species the preocular is unusually large, and in contact with the nasal. 


Species 53. The three specimens here referred to frontalis D. § B. belong 
to a species nearly allied to lemniscatus, apparently undescribed. The 
most prominent differences are, the exact equality of the black rings in width, 
the shorter intervals between the triads, and the position of the first ring 
which touches the occipital and last labial shields. In lemniscatus, its 
vars. frontalis and baliocoryphus, in Marcgravii and deco- 
ratus, the first black ring is several scales behind the angle of the mouth, 
the intermediate space being red; also the central ring of each three is wider 
than the external. Distance between the middle and outer of the three rings 
in our specimens of lemniscatus two and three scales; in isozonus 
(as we now call this serpent) four. In the former the anterior part of the 
occipitals is crossed by a black band; in the latter they are entirely white, 
(red ?), except a little black at the posterior ends. 

E. isozonus nob.—Sets of rings twelve. No.1, gastrosteges 201; anal 1, 
entire ; urosteges 28, first 9 entire. No. 2, 218; anal 1, divided; urosteges 26. 
No. 3, 213 gastrosteges; anal 1, divided; urosteges, 29, two entire. We do 
not know the part of South America inhabited by this serpent. 


Species 54. The specimen here described as Elaps baliocoryphus is, 
as we now believe, a variety of the lemniscatus. It resembles the figure 
of the var. frontalis D. & B. (‘‘“Marcgravii’’ Pr. Maz.) in Abbild. 
Naturgeschichte Brasiliens, differing in having an additional red (white) band 
across the fronts of the occipitals. Whether Marcgravii D. & B. bea 
variety of lemniscatus, as believed by Dr. Giinther, or not, the latter is 
certainly liable to great variation in the distribution of colors on the head. 


In place of E. baliocoryphus, insert 

54, E. filiformis Giuéinther, Proc. Z. §..1859, p. 86. 

The head of our specimen is so badly mutilated that the characters could 
not be made out without difficulty. We are, however, much gratified to be 
able to record our probable possession of the interesting species described as 
above. It may be known from other American Elapses by its excessively 
elongate form and the possession of but one postocular. In a few particulars 
it differs from Dr. Giinther’s description. The nasal plates are two: two tem- 
porals bound the upper border of the sixth labial shield, the anterior of which 
reaches the postocular. There is no light-colored band across the post-frontals. 
Triads of rings nineteen, disposed as in the description. 

Preocular acute anteriorly, just touching the nasals ; hence the post-frontals 
are bent down, and almost reach the labials. Third, fourth and fifth superior 
labials narrow and high, eye resting on the suture of the last two. Gastros- 
teges 308; anal 1, divided; urosteges 42. Length 21 in. 9 1. 

One sp. ? Dr. Wilson. 

To assist further in the identification of the species of Elaps having the rings 
arranged by threes, we have prepared the following table. Those marked with 
an asterisk are not in the Museum of the Academy. 


A. Postoculars two. 
Head compressed, lanceolate. 


Labials not reaching the occipitals. ALTIROSTRIS Cope. 
Head depressed. 
Sixth superior labial reaching the occipital. *DECORATUS Jan, 


Sixth superior labial not reaching the occipital. 
t Posterior part of occipitals included in a black collar or half-collar. 
a. Neck surrounded by a narrow yellow ring. 


1860.] 


74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Cephalic plates black; an imperfect postocular 


cross-band. *ELEGANS Jan. 
Red, bordered with black. SURINAMENSIS Cuy. 
b. Neck covered by the black collar. 
Post-frontals touching the labials. *GRAVENHORSTH Jan. 
Post-frontals not touching the labials ; 
Geneial shields entirely black. MELANOGENYS Cope. 


Red or yellow; 
Scales between middle and outer black ring 
red. 1sozonus Cope. 
Black with large white spots. DISSOLEUCUS Cope. 
77 Occipital shields not traversed by a black collar or half-collar. 
a. Rings absent on the belly, divided and alternating 


above. ALTERNANS D. & B. 
b. Rings entire; 


The middle one of each three more than twice as 

wide as the outer. *DoumeERiILn Jan. 
Not more than twice as wide as the outer, 

But twice as wide as the red spaces between the 


triads. HeEmpRIcHU Jan. 
Not twice as wide. 
First black ring just touching occipitals 1sozonus Cope. 
Some distance behind them ; 
Before the eyes uniform black. *Marceravi D. & B. 
A red band. LEMNISCATUS Schn. 
B. Postoculars one. 
Body very slender. FILIFORMIS Gthr. 
Species 57. Platurus fasciatus Daud., add 
One sp. Raiatea. Dr. J. Wilson, U.S. N. 
Species 63. Pelamis bicolor Daud., add 
One sp. Pacific coast of Panama. Dr. J. Wilson, U.S. N. 


We correct the following typographical errors in the Catalogue :— 
Page 332, line 20, for ‘‘those’’ read these. 
‘© 333, ‘¢ 35: for ‘‘ Proteroglyphis ’’ read Proteroglyphes. 
‘¢ 338, ‘* 12: for ‘‘Dr. Coleman Pemberton’’ read Dr. J. P. Coleman. 
‘© 338, ‘* 19: for ‘‘ plants ’’ read flanks. 
«© 341, Pelias berus: for ‘‘var. niger Bell,” read var. prester Linn. 
‘¢ 342, line 11: for ‘‘ BRacHycHRANIon,’’ read BRACHYCRANION. 
‘© 343, “* 19: for ‘‘H. pallidiceps Gray” read H. pallidiceps, 
Gthr. 
‘© 343, ‘* 33: for ‘‘SEpEpon Cuvier’’ read SEPEDON Merrem. 
344, Bungarus fasciatus: for ‘‘Three sp.’’ read Five sp. 
‘¢ 345, line 37: for ‘‘E. Bertholdi,’’ read E. Bibroni. 
‘© 347 ‘* 5: for ‘‘ Hydrophia,’’ read Hydrophis. 


Catalogue of Colubride in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of 
Pailadelphia. I. Calamarine. 


BY E. D. COPE. 
4. CoLUBRID. 


Essential char.—Superior maxillary bone horizontal, articulating with the 
anterior frontal by a lateral process; its anterior prolongation bearing teeth 
neither perforated nor channelled for the reception of a venom duct. The 
posterior prolongation uniting to the ectopterygoid by a horizontal, oblique 


[Feb. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 75 


articulation. Superior processes of the caudal vertebre not elongated ; hypa- 
pophyses bifid. 

Char. not universal.—Top of head plated. Belly protected by broad plates. 
Tail cylindrical. Penis simple.* 

The Chersydrus granulatus has a compressed tail somewhat resem- 
bling that of the sea snake’s, and adapted to habits simiiar in many respects. 
Yet even in external form it bears a greater resemblance to that of some of 
the Boas, having a prehensile character. A comparison of the caudal verte- 
bre of this serpent and the Hydrophis pelamidoides shows the follow- 
ing differences: In the latter the neural spines are slender and greatly 
elongated, and the pleurapophyses{ slender, elongated, and but little di- 
verging. The ‘‘appendages’’ of the latter, which in all serpents appear in 
the last dorsal and first caudal vertebre, and are doubtless the homologues of 
the re-verted processes on the ribs of birds, partake of the same nature. 
The hypapophyses are similar to those of the dorsal vertebre, being undi- 
vided, with the exception of those upon the first two vertebra, whose pleura- 
pophyses are destitute of the appendage. These are slightly bifid. 

In the Chersydrus the structure is entirely that of the Colubers. The neural 
spines are short and compressed; the pleurapophyses short and diverging ; 
and the hypapophyses bifid, and their lateral moieties separated. Thus in 
addition the difference in the armature of the mouth, the structure of the tail 
separates this genus from the sea snakes. Its position appears to us to be 
between the Homalopsine and Boide,—connected to the latter by Xenoder- 
mus Reinwt., as indicated by Dumeril and Bibron. 


CALAMARIN. 


CALAMARIA Boie. Type C. Linnaei. 


Isis, 1827, p. 519. 

65. C. Gervaisii D. § B., vii. p. 63. 
Four sp. Philippine Is. Mr. Cuming. 
One (young). ut bh! 


AspipurA Wagler. Type A. brachyorrhos. 
Naturlich. Syst. der Amphib. p. 191. 


66. A. brachyorrhos, Gthr. Cat. Brit. Mus. 14. Scytale brachyorrhos 
Boie. Isis, 1827, 517. A. scytale, D. & B., vii. 178 (‘‘ Wagler” D. & B. 
et Gthr.). 

One sp. Ceylon. Mr. Cuming. 


67. A. trachyprocta nobis. 

Form stout, not elongate. Tail short, thick, one-eighth of total length. 
Seales in fifteen rows, broad, notimbricate, smooth. The scales in the four or 
five rows each side of the anus, for a distance of from four or five scales in 
front to nine or ten behind the anus, are marked each with a small recurved 
tubercle near the anterior border. Anal shield entire. Superior labials six, last 
largest ; the eye resting on the fourth. Inferior labials five. Posterior pair of 
geneial shields separated by acentralcomplementary plate. Head shields simi- 
lar to those of A. brachyorrhos, except that the occipitals are more 
rounded posteriorly, and the lower postoculars larger. Gastrosteges 135, 1 
entire anal, 21 entire urosteges, and a small central postanal plate. Total 
length 8 in. 21. Tail 1 in. 

Coloration.—Upper surface of head and body deep brown, becoming lighter 
on the third and fourth longitudinal rows of scales, and contracted on the tail 
to a narrow median vitta. A blackish brown band passing through the eye, 


*Coronella cana is one exception, fide Schlegel. 
+ These were inadvertently alluded to, Proceedings, 1859, p. 333, as “ hemal spines.” 


1860.] 


76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


and along the adjacent edges of the scales of the second and third rows, 
indistinct on the sides, but distinct on the tail. Superior labials and throat 
yellowish ; belly grayish, largely varied with black, which forms an irregular 
longitudinal band. 

This is a more robust serpent than the well-known brachyorrhos, and 
has a shorter and thicker tail. While this has 21 urosteges, our specimen of 
the other has 32. The latter has the scales in 17 rows (15 Giinther), and 
they are more elongate and imbricate ; it has not the supplementary geneial 
plate, and above all, the peculiar tuberculation of the ischiadic region. This 
exists elsewhere only—as far as we know—in the Trachischium rugosum 
Gthr., of the Himmelayas, also a Calamarian, and is donbtless an assistance 
to the animals in burrowing in the earth, and among unyielding objects. 

_ Another difference between this serpent and the brachyorrhos is seen 
in the less elongated form of the head of the former, the rather shorter labials, 
and much shorter geneials. The eye, too, is a trifle longer, and more anterior. 
The coloration is quite different ; we only note here, the absence of the large 
neck spots in trachyprocta. 

One sp. Ceylon. Mr. Cuming. 


Hatpea Baird & Girard. Type H. striatula. 
Catal. Rept. Smiths. Inst. Serp. p. 122, 1853. Conocephalus Dumeril. 
Prodrome de la Classification des Reptiles Ophidiens, pp. 43 et 46, 1852, and 
Gunther Cat. Brit. Mus. p. 17. Not of Thunberg, 1812, (Orthoptera.) 


68. H.striatula B. & D. Conocephalus striatulus D. & B., Erp. Gen. 
et Gthr. 1. ¢. 


ae sp. S. Carolina. Dr. Edwd. Hallowell. 
ne sp. N. Carolina. ? 

One sp. Richmond, Va. Smithsonian Inst. 
One sp. N. America. 2 


TRopipoctonion nobis. Type T. lineatum. 

Microps Hallowell Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. viii. 1856. Not of Megerle, 1823, 
(Coleoptera Oedemeritz. ) 

This genus is allied to IschnognathusD.§ B. Streptophorus 
and Elapoidis agree with it in having divided urosteges, carinate scales 
and two internasals, but differ thus, Streptophorus, two post-, no preocular; 
Elapoidis, one post-, two preoculars ; Tropidoclonion, two post-, one preocular. 


69. T.lineatum nod. Microps lineatus Hallow. 1. c. 
Two sp. Kansas. Dr. Hammond. 


SrrerropHorus D. & B. Type S.Sebe. 
Erp. Gen. vii. 514. 
sey 8S. Sebe D. & B. Elapoides fasciatus Hallow. Journ. Acad. iii. 35, 
pl. 4. 
One sp. Honduras. Dr. Woodhouse. 
Two sp. ? Gard. of Plants. 


71. S. atratus nobis. Coluber atratus Hallow. Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. ii. 
p- 245, 1845. Streptophorus Drozii D. & B. vii. 518, 1854, Giinther 1. ec. 

We are glad to be able to restore the name given by Dr. Hallowell to this 
species many years before that of the Erpetologie Generale. The specimen 
described by him is rather paler than the others—justifying the expression, 
“lead colored.’’ The ‘‘six’’ superior labials is an anomaly, other specimens 
having seven. None of the specimens have the dark color on the chin and 
throat mentioned by Dumeril—but this is not probably an important character, 
as Giinther does not allude to it. 

Four sp. Venezuela, within 200 miles of Caraccas. Dr. Ashmead. 


[Feb. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. vii 


72. S. bifasciatus D.& B. vii. 520.—In this species the carine are 
very strong, and present on every row of scales. It is of a slender, elongate 
form as mentioned by its describers, resembling the species of Ablabes in its 
proportions. For this reason we question the propriety of removing this 
genus from the neighborhood of Ischnognathus, where Dumeril places it, and 
it is only the Calamarian form of S. atratus that induces us to consent to 
the position assigned by Giinther. Our specimens of species being fresh, we 
will note: that the superior surface is not properly black, but deep slate ; and 
that the collar and inferior labial plates are light yellow. The black upon the 
gastrosteges covers an extent rather wider than each white lateral band. 

Three specimens, Jalapa, Mexico, Sr. Rapfhael M. De Oca. 
One i s Mr. Pease. 


TantTinLa Bd. & Grd. Type T. coronata. 


Catalogue Serp., p. 131. 

This genus appears to be quite distinct from Rhabdosoma D. § B., be- 
ing characterized by a more slender body, longer tail, divided anal, and a 
loreal plate, either united to the postfrontals or wanting. The latter two 
peculiarities also distinguish it from Rhabdion D. & B. Posterior maxil- 
lary teeth equal to the anterior, smooth. Perhaps Rhabdosoma elaps 
Gthr. 1. ¢. 241, belongs here; its anal scute is, however, entire. 


73. T. Hallowelli nob. Tantilla gracilis Hallow., Proc. Acad. Nat. 
Sci. viii. p. 246. 

This species is accurately described as cited, and the differences between it 
and T. gracilis pointed out. These, we think, are of specific value, and 
accordingly name it after Dr. Hallowell, as a slight recognition of his many 
valuable contributions to herpetology. 

The form of this species is more like that of Haldea striatula B. ¢& G., 
than Carphophiops amoena. The locality, ‘‘Indianola,’’ assigned by 
Dr. Hallowell, is probably a mistake, being copied from Baird & Girard’s 
Catalogue. We have one specimen brought from Kansas by Dr. Hammond. 


74. T. reticulata nob.—Vertical plate broad, slightly angular in front, 
projecting posteriorly for half its length between the occipitals. Occipitals 
and both pair of frontals rather broad. Rostral broad, visible from above. 
Nostril in the posterior part of prenasal; postnasal in contact with first and 
second superior labials, preocular, post- and prefrontals. Two postoculars, 
upper one in contact posteriorly with the occipital, the lower touching one 
temporal. A second temporal equal to the first, and a third very small one 
behind it. Superior labials, seven last largest, third and fourth entering the 
orbit both low. Four geneials, anterior in contact with inferior rostral. 
Seales in fifteen rows, last one slightly larger. Gastrosteges 148, postab- 
dominal 1 divided, urosteges 67 pair. Total length 10 in. 31.; tail 3 in. 

Color above chestnut brown, much darker posteriorly, extending upon the 
tips of the gastrosteges. Anteriorly the scales are edged with darker, pre- 
senting a reticulated appearance. Central dorsal row of scales lighter, form- 
ing a pale vitta, disappearing on the tail. Third and fourth rows on each side 
also lighter, forming indistinct bands. A collar of the same pale yellow brown 
crosses the ends of the occipitals. Cephalic plates clouded and edged with 
darker ; a deep brown mark extending from the occipitals to the mouth across 
the yellowish labials. Beneath pale yellow, deepening posteriorly. 

One specimen, Cocuyas de Veraguas, New Grenada, R. W. Mitchell. 

This species seems to be much like the T. coronatum B. & G., but has 
a much longer tail, and broader head-shields; the upper post-ocular, not the 
lower, is in contact with the temporal in the latter. See Pacif. R. R. Report, 
x. Reptiles, pl. 38, fig. 96. 


1860.] 


78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Ruapposoma D. & B. Type R. semidoliatum. 
Erpet. Gen. vii. 90. 


75. R. semidoliatum D. ¢ B. 


Two specimens, Mexico, ? 
Six oe Jalapa, Mexico, Sr. R. M. De Oca. 
Oneal: (young) ue #6 Mr. Pease. 


This species appears to be very common in central Mexico. The spaces 
between the black spots on the dorsal region, described by authors as white, 
are in life of a beautiful vermillion color. 


76. R. fuliginosum nobis. Coluber fuliginosus Hallowell, Proc. Acad. 
Nat. Sci. ii. p. 243, 1845. ? Jsoscelis et Rhabdosoma maculatum Giinther, Cat. 
Brit. Mus. 204, 241, 1858. 

Six superior maxillary teeth on each side in a continuous series, the ante- 
rior longer than the posterior, but not longer than the middle two. Seven in- 
ferior maxillaries on each side regularly increasing in length anteriorly. This 
peculiar dentition induced us to consider this serpent a Lycodont, but sub- 
sequent examination and comparison with Dr. Giinther’s description of his 
Rhabdosom2 maculatum has persuaded us that the two species are 
very similar, possibly identical. The most material difference is, that the 
maculatum has seven superior labial plates, the fuliginosum six. Of 
those of the latter, the third is elongated, and with the fourth entering the or- 
bit. Geneials one pair; vertical broader in front than its greatest length. 
Postoculars two, temporals three; loreal long and narrow. Color reddish 
brown, a darker shade crossing each occipital obliquely and uniting behind 
them into a dorsal band, which is soon broken into spots. These are obsolete 
on the middle and hinder part of the body. No lateral series of spots. Belly 
immaculate. See Hallowell]. c. 

One specimen, Near Caraccas, Dr. S. A. Ashmead. 


77. R. torquatum D. & B. vii. p. 101. ‘‘Brachyorrhos torquatus H. 
Boie, Erpét. de Java.”’ 

Superior labials eight, fourth and fifth coming into the orbit. One postocu- 
lar; one pair of geneials. The color of our specimen is a very deep brown, so 
dark that the transverse series of black spots can only be seen in certain 
lights. The opalescent play of colors is unusually beautiful on this account. 
Beneath dark brown, posteriorly finely punctulated with darker. 

One specimen, Surinam, Dr. Hering. 


78. R. crassicaudatum D. & B. vii. 103. 

Seventeen longitudinal rows of scales; two postoculars ; seven superior la- 
bials, third and fourth entering the orbit. In these important particulars our 
specimen is similar to those of Dumeril, but the coloration is totally distinct. 
Though much bleached by the alcohol, the animal was, probably, pale brown, 
each scale tipped with darker, with a dorsal vitta of the same extending from 
the occipitals to the end of the tail. Beneath yellow, immaculate. 

One specimen, Surinam, Dr. Hering. 


Carpuopuiors Gervais. Type C. amoena. 


Dict. Nat. Hist. Univers. (dir. par M. C. D’Orbigny,) iii. p. 191, 1843. Car- 
phophis Dumeril, Prodrome de la class. des Rept. Ophidiens, pp. 43 et 46, 1852. 
Erp. Gen. vii. p. 131, 1854. Giinther 1. c. 17, 1858. Not of Gervais 1. c. 191, 
1843. Celuta B. & G., Cat. Serp. 129, 1853. 

This genus is characterized by Gervais as cited, who refers to Dumeril and 
Bibron ; but we cannot find it published by the latter prior to 1852. Carpho- 
phis Gerv. has the characters of Calamaria Bove, and hence cannot be applied 


to the Coluber a moenus Say. 
[Feb. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 79 


79. C. amoena nobis. Coluber amaenus Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. iv. 
237. Calamaria amoena Schl. Ess. Phys. Serp. 31. Brachyorrhos amoenus 
Holbr. Am. Herp. iii. 115. Carphophiops vermiformis Gervais, Dict. Univ. 
d’Hist. Nat. iii. 191. Carphophis amoena Dum. & Bibr. vii. 131. Celuta amoe- 
na B. & G. 1. c. 129. 


Four specimens, Pennsylvania, ? 
Two ge aa Drs. Holbrook and Hallowell. 
UC ae Beesley’s Point, N. J.. Mr. Samuel Ashmead. 
One - * Cape May Co., N. J., Mr. Tiffany. 
< we Virginia, Jno. Cassin, Esq. 
Two se 8. Carolina, Smithsonian Institution. 
One *< (young) Dr. Harlan. 


Vireinra Bd. & Grd. Type V. Valeriae. 
Catal. Rept. p. 127. 


This genus is characterized by the elongated form of the shields of the head, 
and the distinctness of the latter from the body. There are two small nasal 
plates, as in Rhabdosoma. 


80. V. Valeriae Bd. & Grd. l. c. 
One specimen, ? ? 


Homatosoma Wagl. Type H. lutrix. 
Nat. Syst. Amph. 190, 1830. 


Si) HH. tutrix D. g B. vii. p. 110. 
Two specimens, Cape of Good Hope, Garden of Plants. 


Ouicopon Boie. Type 0. subquadratum. 
Isis 1827, p. 519. 


§2. O. sublineatum D. & B. vii. p. 57. 
One specimen, Ceylon, Mr. Cuming. 


Genera ll. Species 18. Specimens 54. 


The stoutness of the body and tail, and the shortness of the latter, the in- 
distinctness of the head, and the general firmness and rigidity, are characters 
by which the greater number of the species of this sub-family may at once be 
recognized. But as in some genera, certain of these peculiarities vanish, thus 
approximating them to other groups, we have followed M. Dumeril in employ- 
ing the dentition, which is here quite characteristic. Elsewhere, however, it 
evidently fails te characterize natural groups, as urged by Dr. Giinther in his 
invaluable catalogue of the Colubrine snakes in the British Museum. We 
have, therefore, omitted the genera Rhinostoma, Phimophis* and Homalo- 
eranion, which have the posterior superior maxillaries grooved, and are perhaps 
more nearly allied to Scytale. A single specimen of Scytale coronatum, 
of a variety near that called S. Ne uwiedii in the Erpetologie Generale was 
described by us, Proc. of this Acad., 1859, p. 294, as Olisthenes euphaeus. 
Our conviction of its generic distinctness was grounded upon the peculiar form 
of the rostral plate, which while offering strong characters among some ser- 
pents, here varies with the individual. 


*Phimophis Guerini, the only species. Itis Rhinosimus Guerini of Dumeri] and 
Bibron, but the generic name was applied tocertain species of Curculionidae, by Latreille, 
more than fifty years previously. 


1860.] 


80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Descriptions cf new species of Cyrena and Corbicula in the Cabinet of the 
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 


BY TEMPLE PRIME. 


1. Cyrena ponderosa Prime. C. testasubtrigona, inaequilaterali, trans- 
versim irregulariter striata, epidermide brunnea vestita, valvis crassis, solidis ; 
intus candidissima ; umbonibus parvis, obliquis, erosis ; dentibus cardinalibus 
tribus ; dente laterali postico compresso, antico breviore, acuto. 

Shell somewhat triangular, inequilateral, lines of growth irregular, epidermis 
brown, valves heavy; interior white; umbones small oblique, eroded; three 
cardinal teeth; posterior lateral tooth compressed, anterior one short and 
prominent. 

Long. 1 4-5; lat. 13-5; diam. 1 2-5 poll. 

Hab.—Philippine Islands. 

This shell is remarkable by its weight in proportion to its size. It may be 
compared to the Cyrena Bengalensis Lamarck, from which it differs, how- 
ever, in being heavier, having less prominent beaks,’and by being slightly 
more inflated ; its epidermis is darker and more heavily sulcated. 


2.Cyrena Corbiculaeformis Prime. C. testa trigona, sub-inflata, in- 
aequilaterali, intus violacea, epidermide brunnea vestita, umbonibus tumidis ; 
dentibus cardinalibus tribus, inaequalibus ; lateralibus praelongis. 

Shell triangular, somewhat inflated, inequilateral, beaks prominent, pos- 
terior margin angular, three cardinal teeth, the two posterior ones of nearly 
the same size, anterior one less developed ; lateral teeth elongated, not promi- 
nent ; interior of the valves bluish-white ; epidermis glassy, lines dark brown. 

Long. 1 3-10; lat. 1 2-10; diam. 07-10 poll. 

Hab.—Cochin in Malabar. 

This species is different from any Cyrena known to me, but bears much re- 
semblance in its general form to certain species of Corbicula. 


3. Corbicula rotunda Prime. C. testa parva, orbiculata, subaequilaterali, 
tumidula, subtrigona, solidiuscula, epidermide flavescente vestita ; regulariter 
striata; umbonibus tumidis ; intus alba; dentibus cardinalibus inaequalibus ; 
lateralibus elongatis, angustis, subaequalibus, arcuatis, tenuissime striatis. 

Shell small, somewhat inflated, nearly equilateral, interior white, epidermis 
yellow, lines of growth delicate and very regular; umbones prominent; car- 
dinal teeth unequal in size ; lateral teeth elongated, carved, finely denticulated. 

Long. 0 7-10; lat. 0 6-10; diam. 0 6-10; poll. 

Hab.—Surinam River, Guyana. 

Compared to the Corbicula Paranensis Adams, this species differs in being 
more inflated, in having larger beaks and by its more regular lines of growth, 
which give it somewhat the appearance of an Eastern species. 


The Humming Birds of Mexico. 


BY RAFAEL MONTES DE OCA. 
Of Jalapsa, Mexico. 


No. 2, 


CYANOMYIA CYANOCEPHALA Gould. 
Ornismyia@ cyanocephala Lesson. 3 
Trochilus quadricolor Vieillot? 
The Black billed Azure-crown, Gould, Monograph, part xi. 


This Humming Bird is commonly known by the name of Chupa-mirto, comun 
de pecho blanco, or common white-breasted Myrtle-sucker. It is found very 


[Feb. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 81 


abundantly, and at all seasons of the year, in the vicinity of Jalapa, Coatepec, 
Orizaba, and many other places in Mexico; but Mr. Gould, in his Monograph of 
Humming Birds, states, that it is also found in Guatemala, and seems disposed 
to assign that country as its proper locality. It is quite possible it nests there 
also, but the fact that it remains in Mexico all the year round, and as I have often 
found its nest in the months of April and May, I believe it is most properly to 
be considered a bird of the country last mentioned. 

This pretty little bird is very familiar and unsuspiciois, and allows a person 
to approach it very near in the woods, and is a constant visitor to the gardens 
in the towns and cities. Like the fine species mentioned in my first paper, it 
frequents the Mazapan flowers, around which it may be seen at all hours of the 
day. 

The nest of this species is lined on the inside with the tule silky floss, which is 
the case with nearly all the Humming Birds in this part of Mexico. On the 
outside it is covered with moss from the rocks, in such handsome and ingenious 
manner that would be very difficult for man to imitate. There are generally 
two eggs, but on one occasion I found three in one nest. The eggs are white, 
oblong, rather elongated, and large in proportion to the size of the bird. 

The upper part of the head in this species is of a most brilliant metallic azure 
color, the upper parts of the body and wing coverts are brown, shaded with 
bronze green ; the tail and its coverts are of the same, but not so bright; the 
wings are as long as the tail, and of an umber purplish color, the throat is 
satin-like white, with the sides of a bluish green, or rather feathers of both 
colors mixed together, very lustrous ; the under part of the body and the feathers 
of the leg are dull white; the under surface of the wings is bronzed brownish 
gray ; the under tail coverts are of the same, but less brilliant, and with the 
edges of each feather lighter, the feet, nails and upper mandible are black, the 
mandible is about one third black at its point, and flesh color at its base. 

Total length, 4} inches, wing 2}, tail 1}, bill ? inches. The female is of the 
same size as the male, and the only difference between the two sexes is thatthe 
blue of the head and the white of the breast are of not so decided colors in the 
female, although this difference only occurs at certain seasons of the year. 
The cranium of the male can be distinguished also from that of the female, 
being rather larger. 


The Committee to which was referred a communication from Mr. 
P. B. Du Chaillu, asserting that the Academy is his debtor for a 
part of ee of a certain exploration in Africa made by him, 
reported in substance that Mr. Du Chaillu has no claim whatever on 
this institution. 


Dr. Carson said: 


Mr. Presipent,—I rise to perform the painful duty of announcing the death 
of our associate, Dr. Edward Hallowell, which took place on the 21st instant, 
from consumption; and I feel that in connection with this announcement, it 
is especially proper from me should come the remarks which will serve to do 
honor to his memory as a member of the Academy of Natural Sciences. He 
was not only an intimate friend, but one of long standing, having almost uni- 
formly been educated together, at first in the Collegiate Department of the 
University of Pennsylvania, then as students of Medicine in the office of the 
late Dr. Hewson, and in the Medical Department of the University. 

In early life Dr. Hallowell was remarkable for his studious habits, and pro- 
ficiency in the branches of his Collegiate Course. He always had a prominent 
position, and graduated with the highest honors of his class. To the Science 
of Medicine, which he subsequently pursued with ardor, and in which for 


1860.] 6 


82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


many years he labored zealously as a practitioner, he made important contri- 
butions, inthe department of pathology. His paper upon the subject of Cholera 
Infantum is an admirable and original addition to the knowledge of that 
disease, by which medical literature was enriched, and American medical 
authorship advanced in estimation abroad. It is looked upon as authoritative, 
with respect to the true pathology of the affection. 

As a member of the, Academy he labored industriously, and from the time 
of his election was devoted to the interests of the Institution. His depart- 
ment was that of Herpetology, and I may appeal to the collection for proof of 
his usefulness, and to the publications for evidences of his ability to place be- 
fore the public the large amount of new information derived from the materials 
at his command. When a few years ago he wasstricken down by disease, his 
loss as a working member of the Academy was severely felt and lamented. 

As an associate Dr. Hallowell was a favorite of his fellow members. His 
manners were always urbane and deferential to the views and feelings of 
others, his temper was uniformly equable and not readily ruffled ; the kindness 
of his heart was a perennial spring, while his sense of justice led him to 
acknowledge the merits and the services of all who, like himself, were en- 
gaged in scientific occupations. 

We have lost in him a worthy and beloved associate, and most sincerely 
deplore his too early death, although to him it is a gain. 


The following resolutions were then offered by Dr. Le Conte and 
adopted: 


Resolved, That the Academy has learned with sincere regret the death of its 
late member, Dr. Epwarp HALLOWELL. 

Resolved, That in Dr. Hallowell the Academy has lost one of its most en- 
thusiastic and laborious students and valued associates ; one who has endeared 
himself to his fellow members, as well by his high personal qualities as by 
his steadfast and successful pursuit df science. 


March 6th. 
Vice President BrinGEs in the Chair. 
Forty members present. 


Dr. Joseph Wilson (Surgeon U. 8. Navy) related that he had in his pos- 
session, during some months, on board of the U. S. ship Vandalia, a female 
whelp of a small Ocelot, (Felis pardalis minimus,) commonly, called ‘‘ tiger- 
cat.’’ It was obtained in Realejo, Nicaragua, in the month of ember, 1858. 
At that time it was too young to eat anything except milk, but gradually came 
to eat crumbs of bread from her cup, and small scraps of meat. The animal was 
light gray, beautifully marked with dark elliptical rings and spots, light un- 
derneath ; ears quite short, rounded, with a lunated white spot on top; the 
tail about the length of the body and nearly black. She was of the size of an 
ordinary cat, and weighed five pounds eight ounces when ten months old. 
She was transferred to the Doctor’s protection in March 1859, when her age 
was conjectured to be four months. She was named Miss Tiger by accla- 
mation, and became reconciled to her change of abode much more readily 
than I was prepared to expect. The Vandalia was miserably infested by rats, 
and in the course of afew hours she received her first lesson in the valuable 
accomplishment of catching them. A young rat was caught in a trap and pre- 
sented to her attention ; she hesitated but a moment, when she commenced 
struggling to get at it, and when permitted she pounced upon it with great 
fierceness ; she walked about growling with her prize, evidently proud of the 
conquest. She afterwards played with it for about three hours, performing 
-many fantastic tricks in the way of tossing it up and catching it as it came 


(March, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. &3 


down, turning somer-saults and rolling over with it in her paws. After this 
she seemed quite at home, and required no more lessons in rat-catching, 
though she eventually became very expert. It occasionally happened that a 
rat was seen or heard ina store room or corner from which there was no 
secret escape, and in all such cases Miss Tiger was immediately called upon 
and carried to the scene of action. She generally pointed out by her actions 
the locality of the object of pursuit, and stood ready to pounce upon it on the 
very first opportunity. On these occasions she sometimes made tremendously 
long bounds, say ten feet. Escapes in these cases were very rare. She 
eventually came to understand this business so well, that when called she 
would run out and exhibit an eagerness to be picked up and carried, com- 
parable to that of achild who expects to be lifted into a carriage. In attack- 
ing rats she was quite fearless, and so far as known was never hurt by them. 
She mostly seized them by the back of the neck or head, but was not at all 
particular if these parts did not happen to be the first in her reach. She soon 
crushed the skull by forcing her long cuspid teeth through it, generally kill- 
ing her prey so quickly that it was not even heard to squeal. After playing 
with it a moderate time, she would eat it, commencing with the head and pro- 
gressing steadily till she finished with the end of the tail, only stopping a 
moment to lick her chops, when she came to the heart or other tit bit. Imag- 
ining that the hair and hide were not very good food for her, I once partially 
skinned one that she might learn to tear off the skin and leave it; but this 
was labor lost, as she immediately began to eat the skin, hairand all, in pre- 
ference to the other part. Rats were sometimes taken from her and thrown 
overboard, as she occasionally caught more than she could manage to eat; 
but she soon began to show her disapprobation of this measure by a very 
startling, fierce and threatening growl. The first occasion it waked me up at 
about midnight, and when I went out to inquire what was wrong with Miss 
Tiger, I found her sitting near a big rat and growling in a very unusual and 
startling manner at about six men whom she had driven from their beds by 
her threatening. They were standing around her with various weapons in 
their hands, but there was very little prospect of moving her without some 
severe bites and scratches. As I approached a little nearer than the rest she 
showed a disposition to take her prize in her mouth, and while her teeth were 
thus employed I caught her by the top of her shoulders and she permitted me, 
without the least resistance, to carry her off, rat and all, to a place on deck, 
where her growling could not annoy the sleepers. She was frequently carried 
off in this manner afterwards both by myself and by others. She would sit 
by the hour very quietly near her property, till she was disturbed by some 
- movement near her, when she would commence with her threatening growl, 
which was loud enough and fierce enough to make the firmest stand back, 
till they had seen and reflected on the state of affairs. She had another 
gentle, plaintive growl, which she used in calling for her breakfast and in 
showing dissatisfaction on ordinary slight occasions. She had no ery which 
could be compared to the mewing of the cat, but she could purr to perfection 
when in search of a warm bed. Her favorite food was rare beef steak, which 
she even preferred to rats ; but hunger and petting eventually induced her to 
eat bread and butter for her breakfast, whenever she had a night of unsuc- 
cessful hunting. 

The gentleness of this pet was really astonishing. She allowed herself to 
be picked up by any body, without any worse mark of dissatisfaction than a 
little growling. Even when feeding, and under apprehension that her rat was 
about to be taken from her, she would not bite or scratch. She would play 
with a handkerchief much in the same manner as with a rat. She was fond 
of being handled, and when rubbed with the hand she would roll about on 
her back and pretend she was going to bite, seizing the fingers between her 
teeth, growling and biting with such cautious gentleness as not to be in any 


1860.] 


84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


danger of wounding the skin. But one exception to this occurred; one of 
the officers attempted to play with her in this manner with kid gloves on, and 
was immediately punished for his foppery by having her long teeth instantly 
forced through both his glove and his finger. She may have perceived some 
difference between the texture of the gloves and that of the fingers on which 
she was accustomed to try her teeth. She knew very well where to find warm 
sleeping places. She would for this purpose visit the hammocks of the men 
at night, and waken any sleeper she happened to fancy by patting him gently 
on the face with her paw. If encouraged and welcomed by a pat on the back 
or top of the head, she would lie down either against his breast or at his feet ; 
but if refused by one or two very gentle boxes on the ear, she would retire 
with a discontented growl and seek a more hospitable sleeper. How she 
learned to distinguish between the taps on the top of the head as marks of 
approbation, and those on the sides of the opposite signification, is a subject of 
mystery, but there is no doubt of the fact; perhaps some of the men may 
have taught her the difference by boxing her more energetically. 

She was very fond of licking the men about the face and gently pinching their 
ears in her teeth; and although she frequently engaged in this disagreeable 
amusement, she never wounded any one in the least while thus occupied. In 
cold weather she was very fond of getting between blankets, and required but 
the very slighest encouragement to crawl into the very middle of a bed and 
roll herself up in this position for her morning nap. 

On one occasion it was noticed that she had a large tumor on the side of 
her face, and a large abscess formed. It was at first supposed that she had 
hurt her face in playing with a catfish ; some one, however, noticed that it 
proceeded from an irregularity in shedding one of the milk teeth. One of 
the officers, of uncommon zeal in such matters, proposed to hold her while 
the obnoxious tooth was extracted. I determined to gratify him in this 
matter, and to the astonishment of all he held Miss Tiger on his lap while I 
extracted the obnoxious tooth with a pair of forceps, and neither of us was 
scratched during the operation. 

She was fond of dark places, and delighted in running about deck and up the 
rigging early in the mornings and on cloudy days. When the men were 
called aloft to furl ‘‘top gallant sails,’’ she would jump to the shrouds and 
have a race with them up the rigging, and with very little effort she was ‘‘ first 
man in the top.”’ 

She generally showed so much excitement in the presence of birds, that 
doubtless her instinct would lead her to seize them. She killed three or four 
chickens at different times secretly, and off Cape Horn she seized and killed 
an albatross of at least double her weight. A common green parrot was 
at one time on board and she was exceedingly eager to get at it, but she 
was boxed a little on the ears and her head turned the other way a few times, 
till she appeared to understand that it was not for her. Subsequently, when 
she appeared to be watching it too intently, she was boxed a little and driven, 
till in about a week she seemed to regard it as one of the family. 

In the beginning of December we were passing the West India Islands, the 
ship, in her course, starting flocks of flying fish, in which Miss Tiger became 
interested, they looked so much like birds. She was observed in the moon- 
light watching them very intently. Her absence was noticed at breakfast. 
A search through the ship made it certain she had been lost overboard 
during the night. 


March 13th. 
Mr. Lea, President, in the Chair. 


Forty members present. 
[March, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. e 85 


The following papers were presented for publication : 

“ Description of four new species of Unionidee from Brazil, by Isaac 
Lea.” “Description of fifteen new speciesof Uruguayan Unionide, by 
Isaac Lea.” 

And were referred to a Committee. 


Mr. Lea stated that when he made some remarks, a few weeks since, on the 
Unionide of the United States, he gave the number of them incorrectly by an 
inadvertence. He now desired to restate them numerically : 


Unio, “ 3 - : > - : 3 : s 465 species. 

Margaritana, . . : - : : : 26 if 

Anodonta, < . : . . - : 5 : 59 As 
550 

To these may be added, new species in his cabinet not yet 

described, 3 : : é 2 : : 30 
. y 

580 


And to these may be added, for North America, known to 
inhabit Mexico, Honduras, Central America and 
one in Canada, Unio, 29 
Anodonta, 8 
— 37 
617 
It will be observed that we have not in North America either of the genera 
Triquetra, (Hyria, Lam.,) Prisodon, (Castalia, am.,) Monocondylea, Mycetopus, 
Byssandonta, or Plagiodon. They are all emphatically South American types, 
while there does not seem to inhabit the southern half of America a single 
species of Margaritana, (Alasmodonia, Say.) Ferussac has described a species 
(A. incurva) as coming from South America, but there is reasonable doubt of 
it. The Monocondylea and Margaritana seem mutually to replace each other. 
The Uniones and Anodonte prevail in both parts of the continent over all the 
other genera, both as to numbers and universality of distribution. The genus 
Mulleria, (Acostea, D’Orb.) has only been found in the tributaries of the Mag- 
dalena in New Granada. 


Dr. Leidy called the attention of the members to a specimen of the singular 
body,named Hyalonema mirabilis, recently presented by Dr. Ruschenberger. 
It is thesecond specimen obtained within a short time for the Academy. Both 
are from Japan. The specimen of Hyalonema exhibited, consists ofa twisted 
cord of siliceous spicule over a foot in length, and about half an inch in 
diameter. Twisted around it is a coriaceous membrane with wart-like eminen- 
ces, belonging to a zoophyte, which Dr. L. regards with M. Valenciennes as 
parasitic. The cord of siliceous spicule, Dr. J. E. Gray supposes to be the 
axis of the zoophyte, but Dr. L. with M. Valenciennes, views it as belonging 
to asponge. This latter view is apparently confirmed by a specimen of a 
sponge, in the cabinet of the Academy, from Santa Cruz, presented by the late 
Dr. Griffith. This sponge is an oblong oval mass, about four inches long, sur- 
mounted at one extremity with a corona of twisted cords of siliceous spicule 
about two inches in length. These spicule are very similar in structure to 
those of the Hyalonema, mainly differing in size. 


The Publication Committee laid on the table, part 3, vol. 4, of the 
Journal of the Academy. 


1860.] 


86 es PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


March 20th. 
Mr. Led, President, in the Chair. 


Forty-two members present. 

The following papers were presented for publication : 

‘‘ Descriptions of new species of Cretaceous Fossils from New Jersey, 
by W. M. Gabb.” 

“‘ Description of four new species of Melanide of the United States, 
by Isaac Lea.” 

‘Description of five new species of Uniones from Alabama, by Isaac 
Lea.” 

And were referred to Committees. 

Dr. Leidy announced the presentation by Dr. T. B. Wilson of his 
entire collection of birds, amounting to 26,000 mounted specimens, 
and 2,000 skins. " p 


Mr. Cassin said, in relation to the presentation of the collection of 
birds now in the Museum of this Academy, by Dr. T. B. Wilson: 

The collection of birds in the Museum of the Academy has been 
regarded for some years as the collection of this Academy, and is ex- 
tensively known and referred to as such by authors and naturalists. 
The donation this evening, so liberally and characteristically made by 
Dr. Wilson, involves only a change of ownership, or transfer of title, 
with the further important consideration that it secures the collection 
to the Academy, as intended by Dr. Wilson, in perpetuity and without 
contingency. 

Previous to this donation the collection has been the private property 
of Dr. Wilson, and has been accumulated from various sourees, since 
1845, with great judgment, and with constant and unremitted exertion 
on his part and also on the part of his brother, Mr. Edward Wilson, 
long resident in Europe. The latter named gentleman has most ably 
and successfully seconded his brother in the greatest enterprises ever 
entered upon in America, having for their object the promotion of the 
Zoological Sciences and of general Natural History. The results mainly 
have been, at this period, the formation of the Library of this Academy 
and of its collections in all departments, but especially in Mineralogy, 
Paleontology, Conchology, Crustacea, Icthyology and Ornithology. 

The very extensive and comprehensive series now presented, with 
the comparatively small collection previously owned by the Academy, 
comprise one of the most complete Ornithological Museums extant. It 
is, in fact, one of the four great collections of birds in the world, and, 
so far as can be ascertained from published catalogues, is fairly entitled 
to be considered as presenting facilities for study in this favorite 
branch of Natural History equal to those of any other Institution. 

Mainly, the collection of Dr. Wilson was based on that of General 
Massena, Duke of Rivoli, and his son, M. Victor Massena, Prince 
D’Essling, which was regarded as the finest private collection in 
Europe. This was acquired by purchase in 1846, and brought to this 
country. Various other valuable and more or less extensive collections 


[March, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 87 


have been added since that period, including Mr. Gould’s Australian 
birds, which are the types of his great work, “The Birds of Austra- 
lia,’ and embracing all the species then known, except five only. 
Another important collection, mainly Parrots, Humming Birds and 
Tanagers, was that of M. Bourcier, a distinguished French Ornitholo- 
_ gist, and quite equally so was a collection made in the interior coun- 
tries of India by Capt. Boys, of the East India Company’s service. 
Very important, too, are collections from the Leyden Museum, through 
the influence of the eminent naturalists now or lately attached to that 
great Institution, particularly the celebrated Temminck, and many 
others obtained in Europe through the faithful and judicious exertions 
of Mr. Edward Wilson for the interests of this Academy. 

Numerous other smaller additions have been made, whenever oppor- 
tunity presented, in this country, by Dr. Wilson, and also have been 
derived from European Naturalists by exchange and purchase to the 
extent of several thousand specimens. Messrs. Verreaux, the well-known 
commercial Naturalists and Ornithologists of Paris, have been of ex- 
ceeding service, and but little less so has been Mr. John G. Bell, of 
New York, the principal commercial Naturalist in this country, whose 
high interest in the prosperity of the Academy and scientific know- 
ledge has never failed to be exerted and always has been of great value 
in the extension of the collection. Mr. John Krider, Mr. William 8. 
Wood and Mr. James Taylor, of this city, have also furnished to Dr. 
Wilson many valuable specimens, and all of these gentlemen have in- 
variably shown the utmost cheerfulness and liberality in their business 
with the Museum of the Academy. 

The collection now presented by Dr. Wilson has been derived from 
the following sources, and includes specimens nearly as here enumer- 
ated : 


Rivoli collection, 1st purchase, : - 12,500 specimens. 
do. do. Danie ao: - - - 2,500 es 

Mr. Gould’s Australian collection, - - 2,000 

M. Bourcier’s collection, - - . - 1,000 A 

Capt. Boys’ collection, - - - . 1,000 


Mr. Edward Wilson’s collections in Europe, 
including collections from the Leyden and Bri- 


tish Museums, - - - . - - 4,500 = 
Dr. Thos. B. Wilson’s collections in Europe, 1,000 os 
do. do. do. inthe U.S., 1,500 ‘ 


Total now presented to the Academy, 26,000 ee 

It may be of interest to add that the collection previously owned by 
the Academy comprises about 3000 specimens, including a very supe- 
rior North American series derived from nearly all ornithologists in 
the United States, who have invariably shown the greatest interest in 
the formation of the large collection of this Academy. The aggregate 
number of specimens exhibited and now belonging to the Academy is 
therefore about twenty-nine thousand birds. 


1860.] 


88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Mr. Lea read extracts from letters of Dr. Lewis, of Mohawk, New York, on 
the subject of the coloring matter of the nacre of the genus Unio, and exhibited 
some fine specimens to illustrate the subject. The following extracts will fully 
convey Dr. Lewis’s ideas on this subject which has much interest with the 
naturalist. 

“Thinted something about Uniones being colored with an oxide or salt of 
gold. My reasons for this are derived from observing some singular phenomena 
in colors on submitting shells to the action of chloride of gold, and then bring- 
ing them in contact with tin. Whether a stannate of gold formed and precipi- 
tated on the shells or not, I cannot say, but the colors were very much intensi- 
fied. It is to be remarked that the colors of such shells as Unio complanatus 
and of U. ligamentinus, when colored, are such as result from the presence of gold 
in a state of atomic division and dissemination in a semi-opake body. I think 
nitro-muriatic acid with a minute trace of gold in it, if applied to shells, will 
produce colors, but I never have satisfactorily demonstrated this. My observa- 
tions are derived from having once used acid in which was a small quantity of 
gold, too small to be reclaimed.” 

‘“‘T notice that colors are most brilliant in regions where gold may be sus- 
pected. In the Lake regions of the Western States, minerals are abundant, 
and the conditions are not incompatible with the supposition that gold is spar- 
ingly disseminated among them, in quantities too small perhaps to be available, 
Lut no doubt it is there.” 

“As regards colors in the nacre of Uniones, you are correct in saying that 
Uniones are colored where there is no gold. But there are some species that are 
not colored unless you find them in some particular localities. If that is taken 
into consideration we shall, perhaps, be more ready to accept the gold theory. 
Modern investigations show that gold exists in soils that, until they were rigidly 
tested, were not suspected to contain it. In fact Iam disposed to believe that 
gold is more universally disseminated than is generally supposed.” 

“But, the question is one I take no particular interest in, except that it pre- 
sents itself incidentally. I know one fact that you also know. That of two 
streams producing identically the same species, one will give a large propor- 
tion of white nacres, and the other will present colored nacres, and usually we 
also notice another phenomenon—a greater brilliancy of nacre where rich colors 
abound. In this case I have my private opinion that gold produces its peculiar 
tonic effect, for tonic it is under certain circumstances by increasing the secre- 
tions.” 

“To have gold in a shell, it is not necessary itshould be an oxide. Itis only 
necessary it should have been received into the circulation of the animal, in 
solution as chloride, or some other possible soluble form that chemistry has not 
brought to light; and when once in the circulation it may be eliminated by be- 
ing deprived of its solving principle and excreted or secreted with the other 
solid matter that enters into the formation of the shell. The stannate of gold, or 
purple of Cassius, may be wholly deprived of the tin associated with it, yet re- 
tain its purple color, and its condition of atomic division, if so you are pleased 
to call it. But I only offer this as suggestive of something for those interested 
to follow further. I am not enough of a chemist to develop any facts out ofa 
suspicion of this kind.” 

Mr. Lea remarked, after reading the above extracts, that the purple, pink and 
salmon color of many of our American Unionide had had his attention from the 
period of his first studying this beautiful and interesting family, more than thirty 
years since. Without having experimented himself upon them, he was aware 
that no chemist had been able to detect the presence of a metal or other 
elementary body. He therefore thought it likely to be caused by the presence 
of some organic body which had not yet been detected; such is supposed by 
chemists to be the case with the colored fluates of lime, colored quartz, &c. 
What Dr. Lewis states as regards the colors being more frequent and more in- 
tense in the waters of Michigan and in the streams leading into the northern 


[ March, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 89 


great lakes from the southern side, is very true. The Unio rectus is usually 
white in the Ohio, though sometimes tinted with purple and salmon color, while 
in the more northern waters it is usually of a fine rich purple orsalmon. Two 
specimens from the upper Mississippi, brought by Dr. Cooper, were exhibited 
by Mr. Lea, which were of exquisite purple and salmon. The Unio ligamentinus 
has probably never been found pink or purple in the Ohio, while at Grand 
Rapids, Michigan, those with a fine pink and salmon color are very common. 
The Margaritana margaritifera of Columbia river and its tributaries has a fine 
purple nacre in almost all the specimens, rarely white, while those in the rivers 
of Pennsylvania, Connecticut and Massachusetts are almost universally white, 
as those from the northern part of Europe are also. 

Dr. Draper had informed Mr. Lea that he had calcined some of these purple 
shells, but that they had burned white and he had not detected any metallic sub- 
tance in their composition. The subject was certainly one well worth the pursuit, 
as no doubt could remain that the color was derived from some foreign sub- 
stance entering into the composition of some individuals, while others were 
free from it. It was not an uncommon case to find the dorsal portion of 
the nacre to be pink or purple while the other portions were white, and this was 
also sometimes the case with the cavity of the beaks. Mr. Lea did not believe 
the color arose, as some persons supposed, from the structure of the surface of 
the nacre dividing the rays of light by thin laminations. This division of 
color was exhibited in almost every species, and is what naturalists call the 
““pearly hue,” oftentimes of great beauty, but quite a different matter from 
the pink, purple and salmon color of the mass of the carbonate of lime com- 
posing the substance of the valves. 


March 27th. 
Mr. Lua, President, in the Chair. 


Forty-eight members present. 
The following papers on report of the respective committees were 
ordered to be printed in the Proceedings: 


Descriptions of Four New Species of UNIONIDZ from Brazil and Buenos Ayres. 
BY ISAAC LEA. 


Unio TriFipus.—Testa levi, obliquo-oblonga, ad lateré planulata, valdé iu- 
zquilaterali, posticé acuté angulata, anticé rotunda; valvulis crassiusculis, 
anticé crassioribus ; natibus prominentibus, ad apices rugosé et divaricaté un- 
dulatis; epidermide micante, luteo-viridi, eradiata; dentibus cardinalibus 
grandibus, trifidis, sulcatis; lateralibus longis, crenulatis, in valvulo dextro 
trifidis; margarita argentea et iridescente. 

_ Hab.—Buenos Ayres, South America. M. D’Orbigny. 


Unio PATELLOIDES.—Testa levi, subrotundd, subcompressa, subquilaterali, 
anticé et posticé rotundata; valvulis subcrassis, anticé crassioribus ; natibus 
prominulis, ad apices divaricaté undulatis; epidermide tenebroso-castanea, 
striata, eradiati; dentibus cardinalibus longis, compressis, obliquis, crenulatis 
corrugatisque; lateralibus longis, crenulatis curvisque; margarita argentea 
et iridescente. 

Hab.— Amazon River, Brazil. Captain George Brown. Rio Plata. H.Cum- 
ing. 

AnoponTA AMAZONENSIS.—Testa levi, transversa, subinflata, valdé inequi- 
laterali, posticé subbiangulataé, anticé rotunda; valvulis subcrassis; natibus 


1860.] 


90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


subelevatis, tumidis ; epidermide micante, tenebroso-viridi, nigricante, vel era- 
diata vel obsoleté radiata; margarita intus subrosea et valdé iridescente. 
Hab.—Upper Amazon, Brazil. C.M. Wheatley. 


Anoponta Moricanpir.—Testa levi, obliqué quadrata, subinflata, ad latere 
planulata, valdé inequilaterali, posticé obtusé angulata et hiante; anticé 


obliqué rotundata et valdé hiante ; valvulis tenuibus, diaphinis; natibus sub- 


prominentibus ; epidermide luteo-oliva, polita, obsoleté radiata, margarita 
ceruleo-alba et valde iridescente. 
Hab.—Bahia, Brazil. S. Moricand, Geneva. 


Descriptions of Fifteen new Species of Uruguayan UNIONIDZ. 
BY ISAAC LEA. 


During the winter of 1858-59, R. B. Forbes, Esq., of Boston, whose name has 
been identified with so many works of philanthropy and public utility, organ- 
ized an excursion to the La Plata, the Uruguay and Rio Negro rivers, in South 
America; his object in part being to afford facilities for studying the natural his- 
tory of the countries bordering on these waters. Professor J. Wyman, who ac- 
companied him, has most kindly placed at my disposal all the specimens of the 
Unionide which he had been enabled to collect in these extensive southern fresh 
waters. In this very interesting collection I was surprised to find so many 
species which had not been before observed. These are now herein described, 
and consist of eleven Uniones and four Anodonte. The whole number brought 
of these fresh water Mulluscs, was twenty-three species. Those heretofore de- 
scribed are Prisodon truncatus, Schum., (Castalia ambigua, Lam.,) Unio Para- 
nensis, Lea., U. parallelopipedon, Lea., Anodonta rotunda, Spix, A. trapezalis, Lam., 
A. lato-marginata, Lea, A. tenebricosa, Lea, A. Blainvilliana, Lea. In addition 
there were three small species of Cyrena, two of which I have not ascertained, 
the third is the variegata of D’Orbigny. There was also a small species of 
Cyclas. 


Unio Wymanul.—Testa levi, anticé subsulcata, quadrata, compressa, ad latere 
planulata, inequilaterali, posticé obtusé angulata, anticé rotundata; valvulis 
subcrassis, anticé crassioribus; natibus prominulis, ad apices divaricate undu- 
latis; epidermide tenebroso-oliva, vel eradiata vel obsoleté radiata; dentibus 
cardinalibus compressis, erectis, crenulatis, in utroque valvulo duplicibus ; later- 
alibus longis, crenulatis subcurvisque ; margarita argentea et valde iridescente. 

Hab.—Uruguay River, S. America. Prof. J. Wyman. 


Unio Urnvevayvensis.—Testa levi, anticé subsulcata, elliptica, inflata, subequi- 
laterali, posticé obtusé angulata, anticé rotundaté; valvulis subcrassis, anticé 
crassioribus ; natibus subprominentibus, ad apices divaricaté undulatis; epid- 
ermidé virido-fuscé, posticé tenebricos4, polité, obsoleté radiata; dentibus car- 
dinalibus compressis, crenulatis suberectisque; lateralibus longis subrectisque ; 
margarita argentea et iridescente. 

Hab.—Uruguay River, S. America. Prof. J. Wyman. 


Unio picer.—Testa levi, ellipticd, inflata, subequilaterali, posticé obtusé an- 
gulata, anticé obliqué rotundaté; valvulis crassiusculis, anticé paulisper cras- 
sioribus; natibus subprominentibus, inflatis, ad apices divaricaté undulatis ; 
epidermide nigro-fusca, striata, obsoleté radiata; dentibus cardinalibus com- 
pressis, crenulatis; lateralibus sublongis curvisque; margarita argentea et 
iridescente. 

Hab.—Uruguay River, 8. America. Prof. J. Wyman. 


Unio PER#FORMIS.—Testa levi, subrotunda, inflaté, valdé inzquilaterali, 
posticé obtusé subangulata, anticé obliqué rotundati; valvulis subcrassis, an- 
ticé paulisper cragsioribus; natibus vix prominentibus, inflatis; epidermide 


[ March, 


Ee 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 91 


striata, nigro-virente, eradiata; dentibus cardinalibus parviusculis, compressis 
crenulatisque; lateralibus sublongis subrectisque ; margarita argented et iri- 
descente. 


Hab.—Uruguay River, S. America. Prof. J. Wyman. 


Usio nocturnis.—Testa levi, subrotunda, subcompressa, inzquilaterali, an- 
ticé et posticé rotundaté; valvulis crassis, anticé crassioribus: natibus promi- 
nulis, subinflatis; epidermide nigricante, anticé rugoso-striata, eradiata; den- 
tibus cardinalibus parviusculis, erectis; subcompressis, in utroque valvulo 
duplicibus; lateralibus sublongis valdé curvisque; margarita vel alba vel 
salmonis colore tincta. 

Hab.—Uruguay River, S. America. Prof. J. Wyman. 


Unio FUNEBRALIS.—Testd levi, subrotundata, compressissim4, inequilaterali, 
anticé et posticé rotundata; valvulis crassis, anticé crassioribus; natibus 
prominulis, compressis; epidermide nigricante, striata, ad apices micante, 
eradiata; dentibus cardinalibus parviusculis, subcompressis, tripartitis; later- 
alibus sublongis valdé curvisque; margarité vel alba vel salmonis colore tincta. 

Hab.—-Uruguay River, 8. America. Prof. J. Wyman. 


Unto Gratus.—Testa levi, subrotunda, subinflata, inequilaterali, anticé et 
posticé rotundata; valvulis subcrassis, anticé paulisper crassioribus; natibus 
subprominentibus, ad apices divaricaté undulatis ; epidermide tenebroso-fusca, 
micanté, obsoleté radiata; dentibus cardinalibus parviusculis, compressis 
striatisque; lateralibus sublongis subcurvisque: margarita alba et iridescente. 

Hab.—Uruguay River, 8. America. Prof. J. Wyman. 


Unto piscunus.—Testa levi, subrotundé, valdé compress, valdé inequilat- 
erali, anticé et posticé rotundata; valvulis crassiusculis, anticé paulisper cras- 
sioribus; natibus subprominentibus, ad apices paulisper divaricaté undulatis ; 
epidermide tenebroso-castanea, minuté striata obsoleté radiataque ; dentibus 
cardinalibus parviusculis, lamellatis crenulatisque; lateralibus sublongis, stri- 
atis curvisque; margarita alba et iridescente. 

Hab.—Uruguay River, S. America. Prof. J. Wyman. 


Unto picrus.—Testa levi, elliptica, subinflata, valdé inequilaterali, posticé 
subrotundata, anticé obliqué rotundata; valvulis crassiusculis, anticé paulisper 
erassioribus; natibus prominulis ; epidermide micante, nigra, striata obsoleté 
radiata vel eradiata; dentibus cardinalibus parviusculis, compressis, obliquis, 
in valyulo sinistro singulis; lateralibus sublongis subcurvisque; margarita 
cerulea alba et iridescente. 

Hab.—Uruguay River, S. America. Prof. J. Wyman. 


Unio tepipus.—Testa levi, ellipticé, subinflaté, valdé inequilaterali, posticé 
subrotundata, anticé rotundé; valvulis subtenuibus, anticé paulisper crassiori- 
bus; natibus prominulis, ad apices rugosé et divaricaté undulatis; epidermide 
polita, fusco-virenté, striata, radiati; dentibus cardinalibus parviusculis, com- 
pressis, obliquis; lateralibus sublongis subcurvisque; margarita ceruleo-alba 
et valdé iridescente. 

Hab.—Uruguay River, 8. America. Prof. J. Wyman. 


Unio Aruiops.—Testa levi, oblonga, subinflaté, ad lateré planulata, valdé 
inequilaterali, posticé biangulata, anticé rotundati; valvulis crassiusculis, 
anticé crassioribus ; natibus prominulis, planulatis, ad apices divaricaté undu- 
latis ; epidermide micante, nigra, striata, eradiati; dentibus cardinalibus par- 
viusculis, compressis, obliquis, suberectis crenulatisque ; lateralibus przlongis, 
crenulatis rectisque; margarita alba et iridescente. 

Hab.—Uruguay River, S. America. Prof. J. Wyman. 


Ayoponta Wymanu.—Testa levi, elliptica, subinflata, inaquilaterali, posticé 
subbiangulata, anticé regulariter rotundata; valvulis crassis, anticé paulisper 


1860.] 


92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


crassioribus; natibus prominulis, ad apices equis; epidermide cinnomomea, vel 
eradiata vel obsoleté radiata; margarita rosea et valde iridescente. 
Hab.—Uruguay River, S. America. Prof. J. Wyman. 


ANODONTA RUBICUNDA—Testa alata, levi, subrotu nda, inflata, subequilaterali, 
anticé et posticé rotundata; valvulis subtenuibus ; natibus elevatis, tumidis, 
rosaceis; epidermide tenebroso-rufo-fusca, vel obsoleté radiata vel eradiata, 
margarita rufo-salmonis colore tinctaé et valdé iridescente. 

Hab.—Uruguay River, S. America. Prof. J. Wyman. 


Anoponta Forsestana.—Testa levi, suboblongd4, ventricosa, inequilate rali, 
valvulis crassiusculis; natibus elevatis, inflatis; epidermide luteo-fusca, 
micante, vel eradiata vel obsolete radiata; margarita albida et valde iridescente. 

Hab.—Uruguay River, S. America. Prof. J. Wyman. 


Anoponta Uruauavensis.—Testa levi, obovata, ventricosd4, valdé inequilat- 
erali; valvulis subcrassis, antice paulisper crassioribus; natibus subelevatis, 
tumidis; epidermide tenebroso-oliva, eradiata; margarita ceruleo-alba et valde 
iridescente. 

Hab.—Uruguay River, S. America. Prof. J. Wyman. 


Descriptions of Five New Species of UNIONES from North Alabama. 
BY ISAAC LEA. 


Unio popicus.—Testa levi, subtrigona, compressa, inzquilaterali, posticé 
obtusé angulatd, anticé rotunda ; valvulis subcrassis, anticé crassioribus ; na- 
tibus prominulis, ad apices rugoso-undulatis ; epidermide luteo-fusca, micante, 
virido-radiata ; dentibus cardinalibus crassiusculis, erectis, compressis crenu- 
latisque ; lateralibus subcurtis, crassis subcurvisque ; margarita alba et irides- 
cente. 

Hab.—North Alabama, Prof. Tuomey; and Florence, Alabama, L. B. Thorn- 
ton, Esq. 


Unio CAMELOPARDILIS.—T esta levi, oblonga, subinflaté, inequilaterali, posticé 
obtusé biangulata, anticé regulariter rotundata; valvulis subtenuibus, anticé 
crassioribus; natibus prominulis, ad apices rugoso-undulatis; epidermide 
lutea, polit’, undiqué virido-maculaté; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, erectis, 
compresso-pyramidatis crenulatisque ; lateralibus longis, lamellatis subrectis- 
que; margarita luteo-alba et valde iridescente. 

Hab.—North Alabama, Prof. Tuomey. 


Unio FucATUS.—Testa levi, ellipticd, subinflata, valdé inequilaterali, posticé 
subbiangulatd, anticé rotundata; valvulis tenuibus, anticé paulisper crassiori- 
bus; natibus prominulis, ad apices undulatis; epidermide olivo-lutea, micante, 
undiqué virido-maculata ; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, compresso-conicis, cre- 
nulatis, in utroque valvulo duplicibus; lateralibus longis, lamellatis subcur- 
visque; margarita vel cerulea vel luteo-alba et valdé iridescente. 

Hab.—North Alabama, Prof. Tuomey. Tuscumbia, L. B. Thornton, Esq. 


Unio DISCREPANS.—Testa levi, elliptica, subinflata, ad lateré subplanulata, 
valdé inzequilaterali, posticé obtusé biangulaté, anticé rotundata; valvulis 
subtenuibus, anticé crassioribus ; natibus prominulis; epidermide luteo-oliva, 
micante, radiata; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, compresso-conicis crenulatis- 
que; lateralibus longis, lamellatis subcurvisque ;-margaritaé vel alba vel pur- 
purea et valde iridescente. 

Hab.—North Alabama, Prof. Tuomey. 


Unio PLANICOSTATUS.—Testa levi, elliptica, compressa, ad latere subplanulata, 
valdé inequilaterali, posticé obtusé biangulata; anticé rotundata; valvulis 
tenuibus, diaphanis, anticé paulisper crassioribus; natibus prominulis, ad apices 


[ March, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 93 


undulatis ; epidermide olivacea, undiqué radiata; dentibus cardinalibus par- 
vis, cunicis, crenulatis, in utroque valvulo duplicibus; lateralibus longis lamel- 
latis subcurvisque; margarita vel ceruleo-alba vel purpurascente et valdé 
iridescente. 

Hab.—Tuscumbia, Alabama, L. B. Thornton, Esq. 


Unio scitutus.—Testa levi, ellipticé, inflata, valdé inzquilaterali, posticé 
obtuse biangulata, anticé rotundaté; valvulis subtenuibus, anticé crassioribus ; 
natibus prominentibus, ad apices undulatis ; epidermide lutea, undique virido- 
radiata; dentibus cardinalibus parviusculis, erectis, acuminatis, crenulatis, in 
utroque valvulo duplicibus; lateralibus longis, lamellatis subrectisque; mar- 
garita alba et valde iridescente. 

Hab.—Tuscumbia, Alabama, L. B. Thornton, Esq. 


Descriptions of Four New Species of MELANIDZE of the United States. 
BY ISAAC LEA. 


Scnizocwitus SHowa.teri.—Testa transversé costata, subcylindracea, 
crassa, castaned, minute striata ; spird elevaté; suturis impressis; anfractibus 
subplanulatis; fissura submagna, profurdi; apertura subparva, elliptica, intus 
vittati ; columella subcrass4; labro paulisper crenulato. 

Hab.—Coosa river, Uniontown, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. 


ANCULOSA SHOWALTERII.—Testa valdé costata, suborbiculari, crassa, tenebroso- 
fused, nigricante, exilissimé striata ; spira brevissima ; suturis valdé impressis ; 
anfractibus inflatis, septenis transversis costis indutis; aperturé magna, sub- 
rotunda, superné subangulata, interné tenebroso-vittata ; columella crassa, 
planulata, tenebroso-fusca’; labro valdé extenso et valdé crenulato. 

Hab.— Coosa river, Uniontown, Alabama. E.R. Showalter, M. D. 


MELANIA CRENATELLA.—Testa transverse striata, turrito-subulata, subcostata, 
paulisper plicata, subtenui, tenebroso-fusca, nigricante ; spira elevata, ad apices 
crebré plicata ; suturis valdé impressis ; anfractibus septenis, planulatis, trans- 
versis costis indutis; apertura parva, elliptica, intus vittata; columella 
albida, incurvata; labro subcontracto et valdé crenulato. 

Hab.—Coosa river, Uniontown, Alabama. HE. R. Showalter, M. D. 


Merania Newserryi.—Test4 levi, ovato-conica, subtenui, tenebroso-fusca, 
trivittaté, inferné suturis lutea; spira subelevata; suturis valdé impressis ; 
anfractibus senis, inflatis; apertura parviuscula, ovato-rotundatd, intus albida 
et vittata; columella albida, incurvata; labro inflato. 

“Hab.— Upper des Chutes river, Oregon Territory. J.S. Newberry, M. D. 


Descriptions of New Species of Cretaceous Fossils from New Jersey. 
BY WM. M. GABB. 
ActTmonina D’Orb. 


A. biplicata, pl. 2, fig. 13. 

Acta@on biplicata, M. & H. 

This fossil I had considered new, but have, since the plate was drawn, seen 
the type of Meek and Hayden’s species, to which it bears such a close resem- 
blance, that I shall refer it to their species. The fact of its having been re- 

-ferred to another genus, and the figure not having been published, misled me. 
The existence of two folds on the columella, which can be seen in the New 
Jersey fossil, has not been yet ascertained in the one from Nebraska. 


1860.] 


94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Sonariuom Lam. 


S. abyssinus, pl.2, fig.9. Shell conical ; whorls three, rounded ; mouth 
circular, surface markings unknown. A cast. 
Localitys—With the above from Burlington Co., N. Jersey. 


VoLUTILITHES Swains. 


V. Abbotti, pl.2, fig. 7. Shell fusiform, whorls three or four, spire 
moderately elevated; mouth, three-fourths the length of the shell; four folds 
on the columella; surface apparently smooth. A cast. 

Locality.—Burlington Co., N. J. 

I take pleasure in dedicating this species to Mr. C.C. Abbott of Trenton, 
N. J., to whom I am indebted for the type of the species, a3 well as for many 
other species of cretaceous fossils. 


TURBINELLA Lam. 


T. subconica, pl. 2, fig.6. Shell subconical, spire low ; body whorl 
subangular above, two folds on the columella, surface marked by longitudinal 
ribs, about ten on the body whorl, crossed by numerous smaller revolving 
lines. <A cast. 

Locality—Monmouth Co., N. J. 


T. parva, pl.2, fig. 3. Shell small, subconical, spire very low, whorls two or 
three, mouth wide, and at the upper part angular, three folds on the columella ; 
surface marked by about twelve large longitudinal ridges or undulations, on 
the body whorl crossed by three orfour revolving lines. A cast. 

Locality.—With the preceding. 


CANCELLARIA Lam. 


C.septemlirata, pl.2, fig.10. Shell subglobose, spire low, whorls two, 
mouth wide, surface, from markings on the cast, apparently ornamented by 
about seven prominent revolvinglines. A cast. 

Locality and position—From the highest bed at Mullica Hill, N. J. 


PurpurowsEa Lycet. 


P?dubia, pl. 2, fig. 11. Shell ovate, whorls four or five, spire elevated, sur- 
face marked by longitudinal ribs, about fifteen on the body whorl; a few revolv 
ing strie appear to exist near the lower part of the body whorl, but this specimen 
is so weathered, that this character may be only the result of disintegration of 
the shell. The lower part of the mouth is broken. 

Locality and position —Mullica Hill, with the preceding. 


Fusus Lam. 


F.trivolvus, pl. 2, fig. 5. Shell fusiform, elongate, whorls three, spire mo- 
derately elevated, mouth long and angular, surface markings unknown; on the 
cast there are three prominent revolving lines, dividing the whorls into a 
corresponding number of flat surfaces, beak elongate ; length of shell 2 in., 
beak 1} in., width of last whorl 1 in. 

Locality and position —Yellow Limestone, Timber Creek, N. J.; collection of 
the Academy. The types of all the other species in this paper are in my own 
collection. 


Rapa Klein. 


R. pyruloidea, pl. 2, fig.4. Shell pyriform, whorls three, spire low,, 
surface marked by longitudinal ribs or undulations, about twelve on the body 
whorl, crossed towards the beak by fine revolving striz. 

Locality and position.—Green marl, Burlington Co., N. J. 


[ March, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 95 


Prievurotoma Lam. 


P. Mullicaensisg, pl. 2, fig. 8. Shell fusiform, robust; spire elevated, 
whorls four or five, surface marked by numerous longitudinal ribs (crossed by 
revolving lines ?) 

Locality and position.—Upper bed, Mullica Hill, N. J. 


Arca Linn. 


A. quindecemradiata, pl. 2, fig. 2. Shell gibbous, inequilateral, beaks 
incurved, umbones small; umbonal ridge subangular, and extends to the mar- 
gin of the shell, surface marked by about fifteen radiating ribs, crossed by very 
distinct lines of growth; no appearance of ribs on the cast, posterior to the 
umbonal ridge. 

Locality.—Common in the more northerly portions of the cretaceous deposits 
of New Jersey. 

Crsota Brown. (Byssoarca Swains.) 


C. multiradiata, pl. 2, fig. 1. Shell small, gibbous, beaks incurved, um- 
bones small, rounded; anterior ends rounded gently, basal margin slightly 
sinuous, posterior rounded below, and inclined anteriorly above; surface 
marked by numerous fine radiating ribs; margin crenulated. 

Locality and posttion.—Green marl, Mullica Hill, N. J. 


Lepa Schum. 


L.angulata, pl. 2, fig. 12: Shell twice as wide as long, beaks small, curved 
anteriorly, umbonal ridge angular and extending to the posterior basal margin ; 
anterior margin rounded, basal very slightly sinuous, posterior, inclined an- 
teriorly to the hinge line. 

Locality and position.—Green marl, Burlington Co., N. J. 


The following communication from Mr. A. E. Jessup, Mr. E. A. 
Jessup and Mrs. Clara J. Moore, children of the late Augustus E. Jes- 
sup, was read. 


Philadelphia, March 6th, 1860. 
Isaac Lea, Esq., President of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 


Dear Sir,---The undersigned, children of the late Augustus E. Jessup, be- 
lieving that it was his intention to leave a sum of money to the ‘‘ Academy 
of Natural Sciences,’’ for the purposes stated below, and desiring to carry out 
what we have cause to think were his intentions, propose to pay to the Acad- 
emy the sum of one hundred and twenty dollars per annum, to be applied to 
its Publication Fund, and the further sum of four hundred and eighty dollars 
per annum, to be used for the support of one or more deserving poor young 
man or men, who may desire to devote the whole of his er their time and 
energies to the study of any of the Natural Sciences. 

The above sums we propose to pay as long as we feel our circumstances to 
be such as will warrant our doing so, and we look forward to investing in 
trust, at some not distant time, the principal of the sums named, for the pur- 
pose of creating a perpetual fund for the above named uses. 


Signed, A. E. JEssup. 
E. A. JESsup. 
Ciara J. Moore. 


On motion of Mr. Foulke, the letter was referred to a special com- 
mittee of five. 


1860.] 


96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


April 3d. . 
Vice President Bripass in the Chair. 


Fifty members present. 

A paper was presented for publication, entitled, ‘“ Conspectus Piscium 
in expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem, C. Ringgold et 
J. Rodgers ducibus, a Guilelmo Stimpson, M. D., collectore ; Sicydiane: 
auctore Theo. Gill.” 

Mr. Lesley read the following extract from a letter received from 
Mr. T. S. Hunt, Chemist of the Canada Geological Survey, dated 
Montreal, March 25th, 1860 :— 


‘‘If we mingle in equivalent proportions the chlorides of calcium and 
magnesium in concentrated solution, and then having precipitated the bases 
by a slight excess of carbonate of soda in the cold, and expose the mixture for a 
few hours in a closed flask to a temperature of 200°—212° F., the pasty mass 
is entirely transformed into a beautiful granular powder, made up of spherical, 
translucent, crystalline grains, which are sparingly soluble in cold, dilute, acetic 
acid and are a double carbonate of lime and magnesia. In my previous and 
published trials, at temperatures of 300°—400° F., the product was much less 
beautiful, and was mingled with carbonate of, magnesia. It now remains to 
be seen whether the combination may not be slowly effected at a temperature 
much below 200° F., and experiments upon this point are in progress.”’ 


Mr. Lesley drew the attention of the Academy to the significant direction 
in which these and similar experiments are carrying the chemical geology of 
the day. Ifthey result in nothing more than the destruction of those igneous 
prejudices which still shackle observers, especially in metamorphic mineral re- 
gions, and set us free to study ab initio the phenomena of magnetic iron veins, 
copper lodes and gold quartz, primary limestones, serpentines and dolomites, 
the consequences must be practically important. 

Mr. Foulke remarked the equally important bearing the low temperature 
of these experiments must be seen to have, on the theory of non-fossiliferous, 
primary rocks. If metamorphism has been possible at such low temperatures, 
the argument in favor of the destruction of organic remains from metamorphic 
strata by fiery agencies is of force no longer, and we must conclude that these 
early and apparently non-fossiliferous rocks were really destitute of life. 


Dr. Leidy stated that he had just received a short notice from Prof. 
Leuckart, of Giessen, in which he mentions the results of some experiments 
with Trichina spiralis. Having fed dogs with human flesh containing 
Trichine, he found that in a week or less, the worms completed their devel- 
opment, but without assuming the form of a Tricocephalus or Strongylus. 
Within the intestine of the dog, the generative apparatus, together with the 
eggs and embryos, were fully developed in the Trichine. The embryos 
rapidly pass away with the excrement of the dog. A pig having been fed with 
a dog’s intestine containing fully developed Trichine, was killed and dissected 
on the 3d of March, and exhibited in the muscles millions of Trichine. From 
these facts it is rendered probable that embryos of Trichina voided by dogs 
find their way into the human stomach through the food or drink, and sub- 
sequently burrow into the tissues of the body. 


Notr.—The date of the meeting of the Academy on page 51, should be Feb. 14th, instead of 


Feb. 11th. 
[March, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 97 


April 10th. 
Mr. Lua, President, in the Chair. 


Thirty-eight members present. 

Mr. Lea remarked that he had recently received from Prof. J. Wyman 
Specimens in alcohol of two species of Anodonta from the Uruguay River, 
South America, descriptions of the soft parts of which he had made, and in- 
tended, at a future time, to publish in the Journal at length; but he wished 
at present to mention that he had found a form of Palpi (mouth lips) different 
from any of the Unionide which had come under his notice from any other 
part of the world. The form of the Palpi heretofore described have always 
been obliquely or transversely elliptical or subtriangular, while these two spe- 
cies, An. Wymanii, Lea, and An. lato-marginata, Lea, are round, and the pair on 
either side only joined above, the edges being entirely free. It is greatly to 
be regretted that more or all the South American Unionide could not have 
been examined, as regards their soft parts, to ascertain if this difference of 
form of the Palpi should be persistently different in all the South American 
Unionide, or only with this member of the family—the Anodonte. 


April 17th. 
Mr. Lea, President, in the Chair. 


Fifty-six members present. 

The following papers were presented for publication : 

“ Monograph of the Genus, Labrisomus, of Swainson, by Theo. Gill.” 

** Monograph of the Genus Labrax, of Cuvier, by Theo. Gill,” 

“ Monograph of the Philypni, by Theo. Gill.” 

“‘ Notice of Geological Discoveries, made by Capt. J. H. Simpson, 
Top. Engineers, U. 8. Army, in his recent explorations across the Con- 
tinent.’’ 

“Catalogue of Birds collected during a survey of a route for a ship 
eanal across the Isthmus of Darien, by order of the Government of the 
United States, made by Lieut. N. Michler, U. 8S. Top. Engineers, 
with notes and descriptions of new species, by John Cassin.” 

And were referred to Committees. 


Mr. Lesley described a boulder of gneiss, eight feet high, on the summit of 
one of the Orange Co. highlands, in the State of New York, which was sup- 
ported by four smaller rocks, so that it was lifted about a foot above the floor 
of nearly horizontal gneiss, forming the top of the mountain. One of these 
supports was a hard blue limestone, from the crust of which Mr. Lesley ob- 
tained numerous fossils, among which was probably the Orthis costalis, (Hall,) 
of the Chazy Limestone. Another block of limestone, also fossiliferous, lay 
not far away, and a few small pieces of a reddish sandstone like that of certain 
bands in the Oneida Conglomerate ; but with these exceptions, there was neither 
drift nor diluvial striz visible, but here and there large blocks of gneiss. 
The whole surface of the exposures, which were numerous and many hundred 
feet square, has been weathered down 2 or 3 inches, as is evident from the 
ridges of refractory quartz veins, which have successfully resisted the atmo- 
sphere. On this weathered surface occur what have been called the footmarks 
of animals; but these are nothing else than weathered-out nodules of rock 
more ferruginous than the rest. The locality is two miles east of Southfield 
Station, on the New York and Erie Railroad. Mr. Lesley and his brother were 
accompanied and guided to the locality by Mr. T. B. Brooks and Mr. Jenkins, 
two excellent local geologists and mineralogists, living in the village of Munroe. 


1860.] 6 


98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Dr. Leidy stated that on last Saturday, in company with Dr. Darrach, he had 
visited, to them, a new and rich botanical locality, which was worthy of the atten- 
tion of those members interested in our local flora. This was at Jackson, N. J. 
about 20 miles from Philadelphia, on the Camden and Atlantic Railway. A 
cedar swamp, crossed by the latter, not one hundred yards from the station, 
contains the greatest profusion of Saracenia purpurea, and Helonias bullata, 
which is now in flower. Near by, they also found abundantly the Pyxidan- 
thera and Cassandra both in flower. Oxycoccus, Drosera, etc., were also 
noticed. The neighboring extensive forest tract is thickly carpeted with Gaul- 
theria procumbens. 


Prof. W. B. Rogers communicated the result of observations which he had 
made within the last year on the structural and geological relations of the Al- 
bertite or so-called Albert Coal of New Brunswick. 

An examination of the mine afforded, as he theught, convincing proof that 
this remarkable accumulation of asphaltic material could not have formed a 
part of the rerular carbonaceous deposits of the region,—that it is not and 
never has been a true bed or stratum, but that it should rather be regarded as a 
mass collected within an irregular fissure of subsequent formation, by the dis- 
tillation or infiltration of asphaltic matter from the surrounding bituminous 
shales. 

The principal features of the deposit pointing tosuch an origin are—the very 
limited extent of the mass longitudinally traced,—its sudden and great irregular- 
ities of thickness and trend, and the yet more striking fact of its transverse direc- 
tion in many parts of its course as compared with the bedding of the adjacent 
rocks. In the lower level at adepth of about four hundred and sixty feet where 
the combustible material has been removed almost entirely from end to end, the 
slaty rocks areseen in many places abutting against the sides of the mine at 
a steep angle, presenting frequently a jagged surface, such as would result from 
a transverse fracture and gaping of the strata. The Albertite was seen adhering 
to these irregular surfaces, as well in the cavities as on the projections, affording 
even in hand specimens excellent examples of the discordance of the mass as to 
position with the stratification of the contiguous rocks. 

It is worthy of note that the material thus adhering to the walls of the mine 
has none of that intermixture with earthy sediment which so often marks the 
contact of regular coal seams with the enclosing strata, but maintains the same 
remarkable, purity as in the midst of the mass. It is, moreover, quite free from 
the carbonaceous and rocky debris, and other marks of mechanical violence, 
whichit must have presented had it originated in the dislocation and displace- 
ment of a coal seam originally conformable with the stratification of the neigh- 
borhood. 

These evidences of the nature and origin of the deposit are confirmed bythe 
statement that in the progress of the mining, several large fragments of the verti- 
cal wall-rock have been found detached and imbedded in the midst of the Alber- 
tite, and on oneoccasion a mass of ‘unusually great dimensions could be traced 
by correspondence of form to a cavity in the wall at some distance above. from 
which it would seem to have fallen, while the contents of the fissure were still 
but imperfectly solidified. 

The conclusions of Prof. Rogers, as to the origin and nature of this remark- 
able deposit are thus completely in harmony with those which Prof. Leidy has 
maintained onthe ground of a microscopic examination of the material. 


Prof. W. B. Rogers gave an account of some experiments in binocular vision, 
which he had devised for the purpose of testing the theory of the successive 
combination of corresponding points as maintained by Sir David Brewster. 

In one class of these experiments two slightly inclined luminous lines were 
combined into a perspective resultant, either with or without astereoscope. On 
looking at this intently for a few seconds, so as to induce the reverse ocular 


[April, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 99 


spectrum, and then directing the eyes towards a distant wall, a single spec- 
trum was observed, having the attitude and relief of the original binocular 
resultant. When the luminous lines were regarded in succession, each by the 
corresponding eye, the other eye being shaded, so that no direct binocular 
combination could be formed, it was found on leoking towards the wall that 
the subjective images united into a single spectral line, having the same relief 
asif the lines had been directly combined in the stereoscope. 

In these experiments, according to the theory of Brewster, the resultant 
spectrum, instead of being a single line in a perspective attitude ought to pre- 
sent the form of two lines inclined or crossing, situated in the plane of the 
wall without projection or relief. The conditions of the experiments are such 
as exclude all opportunity of a shifting of the image on the retina, and this is 
essential to the successive combinations of pairs of points required by the theory 
in the production of perspective effect. 

A similar result was still more clearly shown by vibrating a screen between 
the eyes and the twin pictures of a stereoscope, so as alternately to expose 
and cover each, completely excluding the simultaneous vision of the two. 
The stereoscopic relief was as apparent in these conditions as when the vibra- 
ting screen was withdrawn. 

The perception of the resultant in its proper relief does not therefore require 
that each pair of corresponding peints should be combined by directing the 
optic axes to them pair by pair in succession, as maintained by Brewster. 
Nor is it necessary for the singleness of the resultant perception that the 
images of corresponding points of the objects should fall on what are called 
corresponding points of the retine. The condition of single vision in such 
cases seems to be simply this, that the pictures in the two eyes shall be such 
and so placed as to be identical with the pictures which the real object would 
form, if placed at a given distance and in a given attitude before the eyes. 


Dr. Ruschenberger asked how it is, under the explanation given by Prof. 
Rogers, that a man with only one eye is capable of perceiving solidity, and of 
appreciating the properties of photographs viewed stereoscopically. 


Mr. Powel asked at what rate per second the vibrating or revolving screen 

presented its openings; for if it happened eight or ten times in a second, 
might it not fail to practically intercept vision’? Objects thus seen would ap- 
pear permanently. Thus, although not appearing to each eye at the identical 
instant of time, the object would be persistent in both, for an impression upon 
the eye cannot be discharged oftener than about eight times in a second, some 
impressions remain much longer. An object illuminated by a flash of light- 
ning for a very instant, may thus appear solid to both eyes, the intense re- 
flection impressed upon the retina endures long enough for the sensorium to 
scan it in detail. A man takes quick aim with a rifle, it may be almost in- 
stantaneously, yet by distinct operations and different foci of vision he must 
see the distant mark—the tip sight, and again the heel sight, no two of which 
can be in focus at once. We have here successive points in a line, rapidly 
scanned in determining position. The breadth of field of distinct vision is 
exceedingly narrow for the same instant of time, and so is the penetration of 
focus very short. A separate direction and a new adjustment of the eye must 
be given for parts of even a very small object. 
. Mr. P. remarked, while upon the subject, that he believed the stereoscopic 
effect often noticed in viewing large photographic pictures with only one eye, 
was caused by the aperture of the lens used in taking the picture; for the 
aperture is often so great that objects have an appreciable parallax from the 
opposite margins of the aperture, and the picture thus contains more than 
could be seen from one point. When both eyes, however, view such a picture 
they decide that it is flat and in one plane, and their evidence denies the 
stereoscopic effect which one eye cannot so well dispute. 


1860.] 


100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


April 24th. 
Mr. Lea, President, in the Chair. 


Forty-four members present. 

The Committee to whom was referred the communication addressed 
to Isaac Lea, Esq., President of the Academy of Natural Sciences, by 
A. D. Jessup, E. A. Jessup and Clara J. Moore, under date of March 
6th, 1860, 

Reported, That the unsolicited efforts of the children of the late 
Augustus E. Jessup to ascertain any expressed intentions on his part 
to pecuniarily benefit the cause of science through this Academy, and 
the filial regard and liberal feeling evinced by them in fulfilling his 
supposed views, satisfy your Committee that the respect and esteem 
entertained by the Academy for the father, is also merited by the 
children of our lamented fellow member, Augustus E. Jessup, Esq. 

Your Committee recommend that the President and Curators of 
this Academy shall, ex-officio, be a perpetual Committee under the di- 
rection of the Academy to carry out the intentions of the late Augus- 
tus E. Jessup, Esq., as expressed in the above mentioned letter of his 
children, A. D. Jessup, HE. A. Jessup and Clara D. Moore, and that 
said Committee shall make a quarterly report of their proceedings, your 
Committee also recommend that a copy of the Publications of this 
Academy shall be furnished to each of the above named children of the 
late Augustus EH. Jessup during life, commencing with the volumes 
now in progress. Wm. 8. Vaux, Chairman of Committee. 

The report was unanimously adopted. 

The Committee of the Biological Department to whom was referred 
the communication ‘‘On the Physical and Chemical Characteristics of 
Corroval and Vao, two recently discovered varieties of Woorara, and on 
a new alkaloid containing their active principle, by William A. Ham- 
mond, M. D., Assistant Surgeon U. 8. Army, and 8. Weir Mitchell, 
M. D., Lecturer on Physiology, in the Philadelphia Medical Associa- 
tion,” reported in favor of its publication in the Proceedings. 

The following papers were, on the report of the Committees to whom 
they had been referred, ordered to be published in the Proceedings: 


Conspectus Piscium in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem, C. Rin- 
gold et J. Rodgers ducibus, a Gulielmo Stimpson collectorum. SICYDI- 
ANE: 


AUCTORE THEO. GILL. 
Sicyp1anz Gill. 


Corpus elongatum, antice subcylindricum, squamosum vel nudum ; aper- 
ture branchiales paulo fisse, verticales ; caput elongatum, rostro prominens ; 
maxilla inferior triangularis, crassa ; labium inferius plerumque dentibus gra- 
cilibus, confertissimis preditum. 

Pinne dorsales due ; pinne pectorales basi latz fere verticales; pinne ven- 
trales in modo disci conjuncte, ad basin pectori adherentes. 

Hee subfamilia bene distinguitur ab subfamiliis ‘‘ Gobine ”’ Gill et ‘*Triden- 


[ April, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 161 


tigerine’’ Gill pectori pinnarum ventralium adheyratione, et forma capitis et 
osteologia. 
Genus J. Sicypium Val. 

Corpus plerumque squamis ctenoideis obtectum ; maxille superioris dentes 
gracillimi, confertissimi, uniseriati; maxille inferioris distantes, magni, preci- 
pue prope symphisin; dentes labiales gracillimi. 

Subgenus I. Sicyprum. 

Maxilla inferior superne ad symphisin et prope commissuras lateribus ap- 
pendicibus carnosis predita. 

Typus S. (Sicydium) Plumieri Val. Hist. Nat. des Poissons, vol. xii. 

Subgenus II. Sicyoprervs Gill. 

Maxilla inferior appendicibus carnosis carens. 

Typus SS. (Sicyopterus) Stimpsoni Gill nov. sp. 

Genus II. Sicrocaster Gill. 


Corpus alepidotum. Dentes in utraque maxilla uniseriati; ei ad maxille 
superioris partem aunteriorem crassi, tricuspidati, laterales simplices ; maxille 
inferioris dentes anteriores remoti, simplices. 


Typus Sicyogaster concolor Gill, nov. sp. 


Genus Sicypium Val. 
Sicydium Val. Hist. Nat. des Poissons, vol. xii, p. 18. 


Corpus antice subcylindricum, versus pinnam caudalem regulariter atten- 
uatum ; squamez imbricate, pleruamque marginibus subrotunde, nec angulate, 
valde pectinate, striis concentricis et radiantibus obsoletis ; squamz dorsales 
et laterales anteriores parve, cycloidee. 

Caput oblongum, subquadratum, latitudine altitudinem equante vel super- 
ante ; rostrum subverticale, obtuse rotundatum. Oculi cerciter in capitis parte 
mediana siti. 

Os mediocre, fere horizontale, usque ad oculos extendens. Maxilla inferior 
triangularis, superiore brevior minorque, intus superiorem claudens; labia 
crassa, precipue labium superius. 

Dentes maxille superioris gracillimi, confertissimi, in serie unica dispositi ; 
mavxille inferioris in serie una, remoti, mediocres, ad utrumque latus symphi- 
sis majores. 

Pinne dorsales omnino disjunct ; pinna caudalis rotundata vel subrotun- 
data, sub oculis desinens: maxilla inferior superiore brevior, minorque, intus 
superiorem claudens: labia crassa, maxillas dentesque tegentia. 

Subgenus Sicyoprervs Gill. 

1. Sicydinm Stimpsoni Gill. 

Caput latitudine antrorsum retrorsumque subequale, vix quam altitudo 
majore; rostro subverticali, obtuse rotundato; capitis longitudine corporis 
longitudinis extremi partem quintam zquante, latitudine capitis longitudinis 
2-3 equante, altitudine fere latitudinem equante. Labium superius utrinque 
emarginatum fere sub nare, sub rostro fissum; intus papillarum serie circa 
marginem superiorem extendente et papilla unica supra sinum labri anteri- 
orem preditum. Pori capitis in linea transversa arcuata pone oculos, et in 
linea brevi obliqua in operculi parte inferioriqne, suboperculo, &c. 

Pinna dorsalis prima radio secundo ejus filiforme, ultimo remotiori. 

Lv, ALD Nt CS i ey (a Bo > MU Ye Ff 

Color subpurpureus, fasciis obscurioribus septem variegatus ; pinne dorsa- 
lis analisque basi albo punctulate ; pinna caudalis albo punctulata. 

Habitat in aque dulcis rivulis, lapidibus adherens, Hilo Hawaii. 

Forsitan Sicydio laticepiti Val. proximum. 


1860.] 


102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Genus Sicyocastrer Gill. 


Corpus alepidotum, antice subcylindricum, inde versus caudam lente at- 
tenuatum. 

Caput oblongum depressum, altiore latius, antice rotundatum. Oculi in 
parte subanteriori positi. Os mediocre, horizontaliter fissum. 

Dentes in maxilla utraque serie regulare unica dispositi; dentes circa 
maxille superioris partem anteriorem approximate, apicibus lateraliter dila- 
tatis, tricuspidatis, cuspa mediana majore, subrotundata; dentes laterales 
pauciores, remotiores, simplices, subcylindrici et paulo recurvati. Dentes 
maxille inferioris partis anterioris subcylindrici recurvatique, remoti. Dentes 
labiales tenuissimi adsunt. 

Pinne dorsales duz, prima radiis valde flexibilibus; pinna caudalis mar- 
gine rotundata; pinnz ventrales postice bene conjuncte, antice faniculo mus- 
culari spinas connectente et membrane marginem formante predite. 


Hoc genus a Sicydio Val., valde differt corpore omnino alepidoto, dentibus 
trilobatis crassis in maxille superioris parte anteriore et dentibus maxille in- 
ferioris subequalibus. 

Eo referenda est unica species. 


Sicyogaster concolor Gill, 

Caput longitudinis totius partem quintam formans, altitudine sui longitu- 
dinis dimidiam superante. Maxilla superior circiter dentibus tricuspidatis 
sexdecim et latere utroque circiter dentibus simplicibus quatuor vel quinque 
armata ; maxilla inferior circiter dentibus simplicibus remotis decim preedita. 

D vi, 11; A10; C+15+; P15 Vi, 5 +5 i. 

Color subpurpureus ; pinne analis et ventrales submargaritacez, analis pur- 
pureo marginata. 

Habitat cum Sicydio Stimpsoni in aque dulcis rivulis saxis adherens. 

In specimine unico in collectione, labium inferior dentes graciles pancos 
habet. 


Monograph of the Genus LABROSOMUS Sw. 
BY THEO. GILL. 


In the genus Clinus as proposed by Cuvier, and even as revised by Valen- 
ciennes, there are dissimilar types which yet remain to be named and elevated 
to the rank of genera. Among the species of this group, described by the latter 
naturalist in the eleventh volume of the ‘‘ Histoire Naturelle des Poissons,’’ 
there are several species which are distinguished by the presence of superciliary 
tentacles, and of a transverse pectiniform series of filaments on the nape. 
Those fishes provided with such appendages, have at the same time a much 
less inequality between the spinous and soft portions of the dorsal than the 
typical Clini, and the teeth in the outer row are much stronger. They would 
therefore be correctly referred to a genus which is quite distinct from Clinus. 
For this genus, the name Labrosomus, first proposed by Swainson, must be 
adopted, but the characters given by ‘that author to it are not the proper 
generic ones, and the greater number of the species referred to it are not con- 
generic with its type. 

The name of Labrosomus (or Labrisomus) was first published in 1839, in the 
second volume of the ‘‘ Natural History of Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles. ” 
At the seventy-fifth page of that volume, Swainson has divided the Cuvieran 
genus Clinus into five genera: Clinus, of which the Clinus acuminatus 
Cuv., is taken as the type; Labrisomus with Clinus pectinifer Val., as 
type; Tripterygion Risso, Clinitrachus Reese, which is typified by Blennius 


[ April, 


ee 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 103 


variabilis of Rafinesque, and Blennophis,* of which the Clinus ang uil- 
laris Val., is the only true species. Of these genera, Clinus Sw., and Cli- 
nitrachus Sw., are distinguished by false or illusive characters, and cannot be 
regarded as distinct. The others are valid, but their characters require re- 
vision. 

_The only claim tb distinction of the genus Labrosomus given by Swainson, 
are founded on the strong, conic and pointed row of front teeth, behind which 
are villiform ones; a thicker body than in Clinus, and the ‘‘dorsal fin dis- 
tinctly emarginate towards the caudal.’’? The genus resting on these charac- 
ters alone is composed of very incongruous elements. To it are referred, at 
page 277 of the second volume, the following species, all of which are de- 
scribed as species of Clinus by Valenciennes: Labrosomus go bio, L. pe cti- 
nifer, L. capillatus, L. Delalandii, L. linearis, L. variolosus, 
L. Peruvianus, L. microcirrhis, L.?geniguttatus, L. elegans, 
L.? littoreus and L. latipinnis. 

Of these species, not more than three can, with propriety, be regarded as 
congeners, if the Labrosomus pectinifer is taken as the type. ‘hese are 
Labrosomus pectinifer, L.capillatus and perhaps L. Delalandii. 
The latter is more probably the representative of a distinct genus. 

That genus is distinguished from Labrosomus by the smaller mouth, the pre- 
sence of only two rays to the ventral fins, and perhaps by the undulating 
margin of the spinous portion of the dorsal fin. It may be named Malacocte- 
nus, in illusion to the pectiniform row of filaments. This genus is the nearest 
ally of Labrosomus. All the others are very distinct. 

Labrisomus gobio Sw., is the type of quite a distinct genus, whose charac- 
ters consist of a broad, depressed head, with a very short muzzle, large ap- 
proximated eyes, superciliary and nasal tentacles, two ventral rays and a com- 
paratively short spinous dorsal. The genus may be called Gobioclinus. The 
only species Gobioclinus gobio is found in the West Indies, and has but 
eighteen dorsal spines. 

Labrisomus linearis Sw., is synonymous with Clinus brachycepha- 
lus Val. This also is the type of a distinct genus distinguished by its abbre- 
viated and blenniform head, the profile being very convex; by the villiform 
teeth, the absence of superciliary tentacles, the spinous portion of the dorsal 
long, and the presence of only two rays to the ventral fins. The name of 
Blennioclinus is conferred on it ; for the species, the specific name of Valenci- 
ennes must be retained. 

Labrisomus variolosus is distinguished by a large thick head, with 
lateral eyes, short superciliary tentacles and a small nuchal one. The mouth 
is large; the teeth of the jaws in an outer row strong and conical, behind 
which are villiform ones ; those of the vomer and palate villiform and in three 
patches, one on the vomer and one on each palatine bone. The spinous por- 
tion of the dorsal is long, and the ventrals have each three rays. The species 
thus characterized is the type of a new genus which may be named Anchenion- 
chus. 

Labrisomus microcirrhis, L. elegansand L. Peruvianus are 
nearly related to Anchenionchus, and are from the same zoological province. 

Labrosomus ? geniguttatus is distinguished from Ancheniovchus by the 
more approximated eyes, and by the disposition of the vomero-palatine teeth, 
as well as the small size of the anterior row of maxillary teeth. The dorsal 
is moderately long, and each of the ventrals have three rays. The mouth is 
comparatively small, and there are superciliary, nasal and nuchal tentacles. 
For this species, the generic name of Calliclinus is proposed. 


*Valenciennes has since given the name of Blennophis to a very distinct genus from 
that to which Swainson appplied the names. As Swainson’s genus is a natural one, 
another name must be substituted for that of Valenciennes—Ophioblennius is therefore 
proposed. 


1860. ] 


104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Labrisomus ? litt ore us may possibly belong to the genus Acanthoclinus of 
Jenyns, but it is only known from a drawing and description. 

Labrisomus latipinnis is related to Blennioclinus, but is distinguished 
from the species of that genus by the presence of superciliary tentacles. The 
generic name of Ophthalmolophus may be retained for it. 

If the above views of the limits of the Labrosomus are correct, only two of 
the species assigned by Swainson to the genus truly belong to it. Of the re- 
maining species, nearly each one belongs to a genus distinct from the others. 
The affinities and characters of the genera above indicated will be more fully 
exposed at another time. 

About three years after the publication of the work of Swainson, the same 
species that served as the type of the genus of that naturalist, was described 
by Dr. Dekay, in the ichthyological part of his ‘‘ Zoology of New York, or the 
New York Fauna,’’ as the representative of a new genus of Percoids, under 
the name of Lepisoma. That the genus Lepisoma is identical with the Labri- 
somus of Swainson, no one can entertain a doubt after a perusal of the generic 
and specific description of Dekay. 

Dr. Dekay has given the characters of his genus Lepisoma, as follows: 

‘* Body and fins scaly. Fleshy filaments along the basal line of the head and 
on the orbits. A single dorsal fin. Branchial rays six. Teeth in the jaws 
vomer and palatines. Ventrals before the pectorals.”’ 

Dekay in his remarks, states ‘‘that itis with much hesitation that he places 
this genus at the end of the jugular section of this family (Percide). In its 
general aspect, it might readily be referred to the families Scizenid# or Labri- 
dz: but the presence of vomerine and palatine teeth excludes it from them.’’ 

The amiable naturalist was much mistaken in regard to the affinities of the 
genus, as must be perceptible from his descriptions. Even in his brief generic 
diagnosis, the ichthyologist is surprised by the peculiarity described by the 
second sentence; ‘‘ fleshy filaments along the base of the head and on the orbits.”’ 
This character is so peculiar, so much at variance with the compact character, 
if I may so express myself, of the head in the family of Percoids, that it might 
well cause the naturalist to doubt if a fish with such appendages can really be- 
long to the family of Percoids. On a careful examination of the specific de- 
scription, the characters are found to disagreee more and more with the natural 
ones of the family to which Dekay has referred it. 

The scales are described as being ‘‘ moderate, rounded, finely striate on their 
free surfaces, with a smooth membranous margin.’’ The head is ‘‘ corrugated 
and destitute of scales. Along the basal line of the head, on each side, are nine 
or ten fleshy processes, ending in bifid or trifid filaments,’’ &. ‘Another fleshy 
process arises from beneath the upper margin of the orbit, which subdivides into 
six or eight smaller processes,’’ &c. The anterior nostril has a ‘‘fleshy valve, 
through which is pierced the nasal aperture ; its posterior border elongated and 
terminating in six or eight filaments.’? The opercle and preopercle are rounded 
and smooth on their margins.”’ 

All of the attributes of the species underlined in the foregoing abstract are more 
or less at variance with the characters of Percoid fishes, even as the family 
was accepted by Dr. Dekay; the doubt of the reader is still more increased 
when he finds it stated that the ‘‘ branchial membrane (is) large, extending loosely 
around the throat, with six rays, and that the ventrals arise near the inferior fold 
of the branchial membrane, and are composed of two long articulated rays and a 
short rudimentary one on each sice.” 

This condition of the branchial membrane, this number of ventral rays are 
so different from the characters of the true Percoids, that one can have no 
hesitation in denying a fish with such attributes a place in the family. As in 
all those as well as in minor details, it agrees with Labrosomus, it is unhesita- 
tingly referred to that genus. 


[April, 


é 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 105 


The genus Lepisoma has been adopted by the following authors, but it is 
necessary to add, entirely on the authority of Dr. Dekay. 

Troschel has translated into German the characters of the genus for the 
** Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte ’’ of 1844, page 233. He has questioned the pre- 
sence of three ventral rays. 

Dr. Storer, in his ‘‘ Synopsis of the Fishes of North America,’’ has adopted 
it without qualification. 

Sir John Richardson, in the article ‘‘ Ichthyology ”’ of the last edition of the 
** Encyclopedia Britannica,’’ at page 277 of the twelfth volume, has taken the 
characters of the genus from the ‘‘ Archiv,’’ and on account of the presence of 
six branchiostegal rays, places it, together with Boleosoma and Pileoma, at the 
end of his family of Theraponide, but adds that he ‘‘ cannot, without more 
data, fix their proper place in the system.’’ 

No notice has been taken of the genus Labrosomus, except in a reference of 
Lepisoma cirrhosum Dekay to it, in a recent number of the Proceedings of 
the Academy of Natural Sciences. That this is entitled to distinction appears 
to be evident, and its characters are now given. 

Lasrosomus Sw., emend. 
Synonymy. 

Labrisomus Sw., Nat. Hist., Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles, vol. ii. pp. 75> 
182, 277, 1839. 

Lepisoma Dekay, Zoology of New York, Fishes, p. 11, 1842. 

Blennius sp. auct. 

Clinus sp. auct. 

Body oblong, highest at the pectoral fins, thence attenuated towards the 
caudal. Scales moderate, covering the body and encroaching upon the verti- 
cal fins. Head compressed, naked, declining from the nape with a slight 
curve. Eyes large, separated by a narrow interval. Superciliary tentacles 
multifid, and one or two transverse rows of filaments across the nape. Nostrils 
approximated ; the anterior ones with a tufted barbel on the posterior border. 
Teeth in the anterior row stout, recurved, conic and pointed, behind which is 
a band of villiform teeth. Vomerine and palatine teeth stout and conic, gene- 
rally in a single row. Dorsal fin commencing near the nape ; the spinous por- 
tion long, and with from sixteen to eighteen rays, slowly decreasing in height 
to the soft portion; the latter oblong, with its rays subequal and higher than 
the spinous portions. Caudal fin moderate, truncate or rounded, and discon- 
nected from the dorsal and anal fins. Ventral fins jugular, closely approxi- 
mated, each composed of three rays. 

1. Labrosomus pectinifer Sw. 
Synonymy. 

Clinus pectinifer Val., Hist. Nat. des Poissons, vol. xi. p. 374, 1836. 

Labrisomus pectinifer Sw., Nat. Hist., Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles, vol. 
ii, p. 277, 1839. 
epee? cirrhosum Dekay, Zoology of New York, Fishes, p. 41, pl. 30, fig, 

, 1842. 

Lepisoma cirrhosum Storer, Synopsis of Fishes of North America, p. 49, ib. 
in Memoirs American Academy, 1856. 

Clinus pectinifer Miill. and Troschel con Schomburgh Annals and Magazine 
Nat. Hist., 2d ser. vol. ii, p. 16; ib. in Schomburgh’s Barbados. 

Clinus pectinifer Castlenau, Animaux nouveaux ou rares recueilles &c., dans 
l’Amerique du sud. Poissons, p. 26, 1855. 

Labrosomus pectinifer Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 21. 


There can scarcely remain a doubt of the identity of the Lepisoma cirrho- 
sum of Dr, Dekay with the Labrosomus pectinifer. The only difference 
between the description of Dekay and that of Valenciennes, is respecting the 


1860.) 


* 


106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


orbital and nuchal filaments. The orbital filaments are stated by Dr. Dekay to 
‘subdivide into six or eight smaller processes, each of which terminate in 
several slender filaments, not thicker than the finest thread ;’’ Valenciennes 
describes them as divided to their base in ten or twelve slender filaments. 
Dr. Dekay informs us that the nuchal filaments are nine or ten on each side, 
each bifid or trifid; Valenciennes describes them as being arranged in two 
pectiniform rows, each row consisting of thirty or more. 

Another variation of Lepisoma cirrhosum from Labrosomus pectinifer 
is concerning the vomero-palatine dentition; Dekay mentions that ‘‘in the 
upper jaw, in front, is a series of equal, conical, slightly recurved teeth, some- 
what longer than those below, smaller on the sides; behind the outer row, in 
front, is a patch of minute crowded teeth. Similar teeth in bands on the 
vomer and palates. On the anterior part of the vomer is a very large solitary 
tooth.’’? This description of the vomerine and palatine teeth is ambiguous, 
and may be variously interpreted. If by it is meant that the vomero-palatine 
teeth are in several rows, or in a villiform band, it widely disagrees with the 
Labrosomus pectinifer. In the latter species there is but one row of stout 
conic teeth, like those of the outer row of the upper jaw, with ‘‘a very large 
solitary tooth on the anterior part of the vomer.” A figure is given of the 
dentition of the Lepisoma cirrhosum, but very little reliance’ can be 
placed on it. The vomerine and palatine teeth are certainly represented as 
pluriserial, but there is no ‘‘ very large solitary tooth’’ represented on the 
vomer. A doubt may therefore arise respecting the propriety of referring 
Lepisoma cirrhosum to Labrosomus pectinifer. Considering, however, 
that the description of the former, in all respects except those above men- 
tioned, agrees with the latter; that the number of rays is almost exactly 
similar ; that in each, a larger tooth is at the front of the vomer, and that the 
description and figure of the dentition of Lepisoma cirrhosum do not agree 
with each other; it appears almost certain that the two belong to the same 
species, and that error has entered into the description and illustration of the 
species as well as in the allocation of the genus. 

The Labrosomus pectinifer is widely distributed through the Caribbean 
Sea, and is found at the Islands of Barbados, Trinidad, St. Thomas, Jamaica, 
Cuba, as well as at the Bahama Islands and on the coast of Florida. 

The specimens from which Valenciennes described the species were obtained 
at Brazil and at Bahia. A specimen from Brazil does not specifically differ 
from West Indian ones. 

Valenciennes even observes that it is one of the small number of species 
that cross the Atlantic ocean. A specimen is stated by him to have been ob- 
tained by Adanson among the rocks of the Island of Gorea, in January, 1750. 


2. Labrosomus fasciatus Gill. 


Clinus fasciatus Castelnau, Animaux nouveaux ou rares recueilles, &c., 
dans l’Amerique du sud. Poissons, p. 26, pl. xii. fig. 2, 1855. 


This species is very closely related to the Labrosomus pectinifer Sw., 
and it was at first believed that it was probably only a variety. My friend, J. 
C. Brevoort, Esq., has since sent me an outline of the figure of Castelnau and 
a copy of his description, and I am now disposed to regard it as a true species. 

The Labrosomus pectinifer is sometimes found with four dark brown 
vertical bars, between which are smaller and more obscure ones, interrupted 
at the middle. Such appears to have been the variety mentioned by Drs. 
Miiller and Troschel in their list of the Fishes collected by Sir Robert Schom- 
burgh at the island of Barbados, and published in the ‘‘ Annals and Magazine 
of Natural History’’ and the History of Barbados. This variety, in every 
other respect, resembles typical individuals of the species, and has, like them, 
the rays of the caudal and pectoral fins covered with five or six rows of spots. 


[April, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 107 


In the normal variety of the Labrosomus pectinifer, the bands, although 
present, are faint and confused. 

The Labrosomus fasciatus, from the figure and description of Castlenau, 
appears to differ from the L. pectinifer or its variety, by the absence of 
the intermediate, interrupted and fainter bands, and of the rows of spots on 
the caudal, by the red color of the abdomen and opercula, and of the ventral, 
pectoral and caudal fins, as well as of the broad marginal band of the soft por- 
tion of the dorsal fin. The following is the description given by Castlenau : 

‘‘Ressemble pour la forme au pectinifer, et a une tache semblable a l’oper- 
cule. Le corps est d’un brun clair avec quatre, larges bandes transversales 
d’un brun trés obscur; l’opercule, la gorge, la partie inférieure de la téte et 
la moitié antérieure des dessons du corps sont d’un beau rouge vix; les 
nageoires anale et ventrale sont de cette méme couleur. 

**De Rio Janeiro.”’ 


3. Labrosomus capillatus Sw. 
Synonymy. 
Clinus capillatus Val., Hist. Nat. des Poissons, vol. xi. p. 377. 
Labrisomus capillatus Sw., Nat. Hist. Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles, vol. 
ii. p. 277. 
Clinus capillatus Mill and Trosch., con Schomburgh, Annals and Mag. of 
Nat. Hist. 2d ser. vol. ii. p. 16; ib. in Schomburgh’s Barbados. 


The Labrosomus capillatus is recorded as an inhabitant of the same 
coasts as the L. pectinifer. It is very nearly allied to the latter, but 
differs from it by the immaculate pectoral fins, and the spot on the operculum 
is bordered with white. 


4, Labrosomus Xanti Gill. 


This species in form and proportions is very nearly allied to Labrosomus 
pectinifer. 

It attains a length of about six inches. Of the length, the head, from the 
front row of teeth to the margin of the operculum forms a fourth part, and 
the caudal fin about a seventh. The greatest height is rather less than the 
head’s length. The dorsal outline from the nape to the posterior third of the 
dorsal fin is nearly straight and scarcely convex, and thence gradually declines 
in a slight curve to the end of the fin, when the height of the caudal peduncle 
is scarcely more than a fourth of the length of the head. 

The profile from the eyes to the snout slopes more gradually than in Labro- 
somus pectinifer, and the suborbital is less broad. 

The dorsal commences behind the vertical of the preopercle, and the spines 
regularly increase in height towards the middle of the spinous portion, and 
thence slightly decrease towards the soft portion, which is almost twice as high 
as the last spine. 

The pectoral fins are produced at its middle rays, and their length is equal 
to nearly a fifth of that of the body. The articulated rays of all the fins are 
simple and unbranched as in its congener. 

D xviii.+-13; Aiii. 18; C7+7; P14; V3. 

The color of the body is brown, crossed by about ten darker bands. The 
head is dotted with blackish, and from the posterior and inferior borders of 
the eye, two bands proceed obliquely to the margin of the preopercle. The 
opercle is darker than the preopercle, but there is no black spot. The dorsal 
has the basal portion of the membrane between the first and third spines 
blackish ; the rest of the membrane is tinged with purple, but immaculate. 
The basal half of the fin is covered with scales as in Labrosomus pectinifer. 
The anal fin is crossed by six oblique purplish bands. The caudal, pectorals 
and ventrals are immaculate. 


1860.] 


108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


This species is very nearly allied to the West Indian Labrosomus p ectini- 
ferand L. capillatus Sw., but differs from them in color and some minor 
details of form. The median tooth of the front of the vomer, which is so 
large in the Labrosomus pectinifer, is of the same size as the others in 
the Labrosomus xanti. 

Old and young specimens were obtained by Mr. J. Xantus under rocks on 
Cerro Blanco. They are numbered 2334, 2335 and 2478 in the collection of 
the Smithsonian Institution. 

Ihave dedicated this species to Mr. Xantus as a slight testimony to his 
worth and abilities : while engaged in his duties on the coast survey, and with 
many obstacles to contend against, on account of the present condition of af- 
fairs in Mexico, he has obtained a collection of terrestrial and marine animals, 
which is rich in new forms, and all the species of which are in the highest 
State of preservation. 


5. Labrosomus Herminieri Gill. 
Synonymy. 
Becca Herminieri Leseur, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pa., vol. iv. p. 361) 
Clinus Herminieri Val., Hist. Nat. des Poissons, vol. xi. p. 


This species appears to be nearly related to the other species of the genus, but 
is distinguished by the presence of only sixteen spines in the dorsal fin, and by 
a different pattern of coloration. The dorsal fin anteriorly has an elongate 
black spot. ‘‘The cheeks and head are rufous brown, vermicular with little 
blackish lines, which form an irregular kind of close net work.” 

The radial formula is as follows: 

D 16,11; A20; P16; V3; C14. 

Specimens were taken at the West Indian Island of St. Bartholomews, in 
cavities of madreporic rocks, in the month of June, 1816, by C. A. Lesueur. 
It has not since been re-discovered. 


Monograph of the Genus LABRAX, of Cuvier. 
BY THEO. GILL. 


There is found, in the Mediterranean sea, a fish which has, from the earliest 
times, attracted the attention of the inhabitants of the neighboring coasts from 
the abundance in which it is found and the size to which it attains. By the 
Ancients, as at the present day, it was much esteemed asan article of food, and 
was called by the Greeks Az@p2é and by the Romans, Lupus. Of this fish, 
Cuvier has said that its appearance and almost all the details of its form recall 
to mind the perch, and that a just idea would be given of it by describing it as 
a “large, elongated and silvery perch.” 

From the Perches, however, it differs in several characters, which induced 
Cuvier to separate it generically, and for the name of the genus, he adopted the 
Greek designation of the species. The characters by which Cuvier distinguished 
it from the Perches were the presence of teeth on the tongue and of two spines to 
the operculum. It differs also from the true Perches in the armature of some 
of its bones, and by the shorter spinous dorsal fin, whose rays, in the European 
and allied American species, do not exceed the number of nine. 

Though Cuvier was the first to properly distinguish the genus, its type had 
been long previously placed by Klein as the first of two species which he placed 
in a group, for which he used the same name of Labdraz. 

In the second and third volumes of the great “ Histoire Naturelle des 
Poissons,” Cuvier and Valenciennes have referred to the genus Zabrax seven 
species, six of which are described in the former volume. 

Of these, the Labrax lupus is the type of the genus, and is distinguished by 


(April, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 109 


the spur-like spines of the inferior margin of the preoperculum; the presence 
of a perfect marginal band of teeth and of an oval basal patch on the tongue ; 
three spines to the anal fin, and other characters which will be noticed in the 
diagnosis of the genus. To this should the name of Ladrax be restricted. 

The second species (le Bar alongé, or Perca elongata of Geoffrey) is distin- 
guished by finer and more numerous teeth on the inferior border of the preoper- 
culum, and the presence of only two anal spines. This is doubtless the type of 
a distinct genus to which the name of Dicentrarchus may be given. 

The third species is the Labrax lineatus of Cuvier, the common rock fish 
and striped bass of the United States. This is now taken as the type of a new 
genus, for which Mitchell’s name of Roccus is preserved. The characters are 
given below. To this genus should be also referred the Labrax multiline - 
atus described by Cuvier and Valenciennes in the third volume of their 
“Histoire.” 

The fourth species, Labrax Waigiensis, has been identified by Bleeker 
with the Psammoperca datnioides of Richardson; if this is correct,—and 
notwithstanding the discrepancies between the descriptions of the “ Histoire 
Naturelle” and Richardson, such appears to be the case—it belongs to a very 
distinct genus from Labrax lupus. The teeth of the jaws, vomer and palatines 
are described by Richardson as crowded, rounded and granular, while by Cuvier 
the teeth on both jaws, the chevron of the vomer and the palatines are said to be 
villiform (‘‘dents en velours”); it is also stated by Cuvier that thereis a small 
oval dise at the base of the tongue. By Richardson, the tongue is said to be 
smooth. In the latter statement, however, he disagrees not only with Cuvier 
and Valenciennes, but with Bleeker, who also asserts* that there is an oblong 
patch at the base of the tongue; ‘lingua basi thurma denticulorum seabra.” 
Both authors agree as to the presence of a single spine to the operculum 
(although one of the generic characters assigned to Labrax by Cuvier is the 
presence of two spines on that bone), and of a strong horizontal spine at the 
angle of the preoperculum, above which the margin is pectinated. 

The next species in order,—Labrax Japonicus of Cuv. and Val.,—is the 
type of the genus LATrKoLaBrax of Bleeker, which is widely separated from 
Labrax by the absence of any teeth on the tongue. In the plectroid armature 
of the operculum it, however, resembles that genus. 

The last species—-Labrax mucronatus—is now taken as the type of a new 
genus, for which the name of Moronp is accepted. Its generic characters and 
affinities will be given at length in a subsequent portion of this memoir. 

Of the seven species referred by Cuvier and Valenciennes to the genus Ladraz, 
six are thus seen to belong to different genera. Nor do any of these genera 
appear to be unnecessary, but on the contrary, all ofthem are well distinguished 
from each other by characters that ichthyologists must admit are of importance ; 
two of the species, indeed, that were referred to the genus by the French nat- 
uralists, do not agree with their characters of that genus. It is not in dispar- 
agement of those celebrated and able men that these remarks have been made. 
The progress of scientific discovery and the examination of better materials 
have enabled their successors to discover the errors of the founders of modern 
ichthyology. None could have performed the work at that day better than they. 

Having long since, from an examination of the descriptions of various 
authors, been aware of the confusion and uncertainty in which our American 
species of the Cuvieran Labrax were enveloped, I have thought that it might be 
a useful task: to attempt the elucidation of the genus. More than three years 
ago, I had noticed that the Labrax rufus of Dekay belonged toa different 
natural genus from Labraz, but not having then had an opportunity of exam- 
ining the European species, I believed that the Labrax lineatus was a true 
Labrax. The name which I had then applied to the Labrax rufus having 
never been published, I have now renounced it for that of Mitchell, not b» :ause 


* Natuurkundig Tydschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie, vol. ii. p. 479. 
1860.] 


110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


he was the author of the genus, but because the name had been applied, 
though from a false idea, to one of its species. 

The number of American species admitted by Drs. Dekay and Storer in the 
genus Labraz amounts to seven, and another specific name has been since added 
by Filippi, an Italian naturalist. It will be attempted to demonstrate, in the 
following monograph, that all of these nominal species are referrable to three 
true ones. Three of the synonyms apply to one species and four to another. 

Besides the species that have been attributed to the genus by Richardson, 
Dekay and Filippi, several others have been described under that name by 
modern naturalists. Dr. Charles Girard has noticed two of these in the “ Pro- 
ceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,” under the name 
of Labrax nebulosus and L. clathratus. He afterwards constructed 
for them a new genus which he called Paralabraz, and placed it in the vicinity 
of Serranus. They appear truly to belong there, or perhaps to the group com- 
posed of Hlastoma Sw., or Macrops Dumeril, and Helis Cuv. 

Mr. Hill, of Jamaica, in a useful catalogue of the Fishes of that island, has 
also noticed a fish which he referred to Labraz, under the name of L. pluvia- 
lis, or the rainy weather chub. It is said by that gentleman to be confounded 
by the fishermen with the Labrax mucronatus, but differs from it by the 
presence of vertical bars, like those of the common perch of Europe and America. 
Is not this related to the Perca Plumieri of Cuvierand Valenciennes? The 
presence of the vertical bars would militate againstits natural association with 
Morone, and it may perhaps be the type of a distinct genus or belong to the 
genus Percichthys of Girard 

For the facilties of investigating into the history of this group I am indebted 
to the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. 


I. Laprax (Klein) Cuv. emend. 
Synonymy. 

Labrax Klein, Miss. V. p. 25, 1749. 

Perca sp. Linn. auct. 

Sciena sp. Bloch. 

Centropome sp. Lac. 

Perseque sp. Lac. 

Labrax sp. Cuv. Regne Animal, ed. prima, vol. ii. 1817. 

Dentes maxillares, palatini et vomerini velutini; dentes linguales velutini in 
margine totio et fascia longitudinali mediana dispositi. Squame occipitales et 
interorbitales, et in genis pleurusque cycloidex vel vix pectinate. Preoper- 
culum postice serratum vel pectinatum, ad angulum plerumque subtusque 
spinis recurvatis antrorsum spectantibus. Operculum biaculeatum. Pinne 
dorsales ad basin haud membrara elevata conjuncte; pinna dorsalis prima 
numero radiorum haud decem superante. Pinna analis spinis tribus in magai- 
tudine regulariter increscentibus. 

The genus Labraz, as above restricted, is chiefly distinguished by the contin- 
nous band of villiform teeth around the margin of the tongue, and the oval 
disc at its base. It is most intimately allied to the genus Roccus, from which it 
is separated by the character of the lingual dentition and the plectroid inferior 
margin of the preoperculum; the latter character is seen in the less nearly 
allied genus, Lateolabrax of Bleeker. 

But a single species of this genus is yet known. 


Labrax diacanthus Gill. 


Synonymy (partim.) 


Perca labrax Linn. Systema Nature. 
Sciena diacantha Bloch. 
The full synonymy of this species can be ascertained by reference to the 


[ April, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 1li 


“Fauna Italica” of the Prince of Canino; as it has been given by Cuvier as 
well as Canino, it is not necessary to more than refer to it here. 

As many names had been given to the species before it was designated 
Labrax lupus by Cuvier, that name cannot be retained if we are to be guided 
by the rules of priority. A specific name given to it by Bloch is therefore 
adopted. 

In the edition of the “Systema Nature” by Gmelin, the European Zabrax 
appears under the name of Perca punctata. Cuvier and Valenciennes have 
shown that this name is only a misapplication of one by Linnzus, who had 
given it to a Scieenoid from North America, which he placed immediately before 
the Perca labrax in his System. Gmelin, in his edition of the same work, 
has by mistake omitted both the description of the Linnean Perca punctata 
and the name of Perca labrax, so that the name of the former is there ap- 
plied to the description of the latter. Bloch has also applied the name of 
Perca punctata to the young of Labrax diacanthus, but without allu- 
sion to the names of Linneus or Gmelin. As the name thus applied would 
have at that time conflicted with the one of Linnzus, it should not be retained. 
The name of Sciena diacantha coming next in order, its specific part must 
be adopted. Although the name of Lupus was bestowed on this species by the 
ancient Romans, that does not appear to constitute a valid reason for accepting 
it as a scientific name. 


Il. Dicenrrarcuus Gill. 


Synonymy. 
Perca sp. Geoffrey. 
Labrax sp. Cuv. et Val. 


Genus Labrici Cuv. simile, sed preoperculo margine inferiore dentibus non 
validis, et pinna analis solum spinis duabus. 


Dicentrarchus elongatus Gull. 


Synonymy. 
Le Bar alongé Cuv. and Val., Hist. Nat. des Poissons, vol. ii. p. 79. 


This species I have never seen, but it evidently belongs to a distinct genus, 
and I have been, in a measure, compelled to give it a name in order to present a 
perfect view of the classification of the Labraces. 

The species is an inhabitant of the Mediterranean sea. 

The synonymy of the species is given in the second volume of the “ Histoire 
Naturelle des Poissons,” to which reference is made. 


III. Roccus (Mitch.) Gill. 


Synonymy. 

Sciena sp. Bloch. 

Perca sp. Bloch, Schneid., Mitchell, 1818. 

Centropome sp. Lac. 

Roccus sp. Mitchell, Report in part on the Fishes of New York, p. 25, 1814. 

Lepibema Raf. Ichthyologia Ohiensis, p. 23, 1820. 

Labraz sp. Cuv., et Vol. 

Corpus gracile vel oblongo-ovatum, dorso antice curvato. Dentes max- 
illares, palatini et vomerini velutini; dentes linguales velutini, in fasciis later- 
alibus et ad basin in seriebus duabus longitudinalibus separatis vel coalescent- 
ibus dispositi. Squame a nucha ad nares et in genis plerusque cycloidez. 
Preoperculum postice subtusque pectinatum, operculum biaculeatum. Pinne 
dorsales ad basin non membrana elevata conjuncte. Pinna dorsalis prima 
numero radiorum non decem superante. Pinna analis spinis tribus in magni- 
tudine regulariter increscentibus. Linea lateralis rectilinearis. c 


1860.] 


1t2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


= 


The genus Roccus is very closely allied to both Labraz, as here revised, and 
Morone. From Labraz it differs chiefly in the character of the armature of the 
preoperculum, and by the absence of the teeth at the anterior extremity of the 
tongue; the whole margin of the tongue in the latter genus being provided 
with a band of villiform teeth, and the spur-formed teeth of the inferior margin 
of the preoperculum calling to mind the genus Plectropoma of Cuvier among the 
Serrani. The difference between the last named genus—or at least of many of 
its species—and Serranus is indeed not ofas great value as that between Labraz 
and Roccus. The only constant character between Serranus and Plectropoma, as 
those genera were established by Cuvier, is the spur-like dentition of the 
inferior border of the preoperculum, while Zabrax and Roccus are distinguished 
not only by an equally great and constant difference of the preopercular border, 
but also by the difference of the lingual dentition. As the former character is 
of as great value in the Labraces as in the Serrani, consistency will require that 
if Plectropoma and Serranus are considered as distinct genera, Roccus and Labraz 
should also be so regarded. 

The difference between Roccus and Morone is of even more importance than 
that of Roceus and Labraz. The distinguishing characters will be referred to 
under the diagnosis of Morone. 

The name which has been adopted for this genus is one given by Dr. Mitchell, 
in the year 1814, to a medley comprising the Roccus lineatus, which he 
called Roccus striatus, and the Otolithus regalis, which was designated 
as Roccus comes. The name was solely the result of ignorance on the part 
of the author, of the application of the ordinary terms used by naturalists at 
that day. The name itself is a barbarous latinization of the popular name, 
rock fish, by which its chief species is known in many parts of the United 
States. Notwithstanding these facts, it has been nevertheless deemed more 
advisable to accept the name than to apply a new one. It is scarcely worse 
than Rattus, Kangurus, Catus, Gunnellus, and many other names of similar 
derivation. 

Rafinesque, in the ‘‘Ichthyologia Ohiensis,” also proposed for his Perca 
chrysops, incase it should be found to be generically distinct from Perca, 
the name of Lepibema. He believed it to be distinguished ‘‘ by the scaly bases 
of the caudal, anal and second dorsal fins, the last with some spiny rays, and 
all the three parts of the gill cover more or less serrulate, besides the small 
teeth.” Rafinesque suggested that to this genus the Perca Mitchelli of 
Mitchell might ‘‘ perhaps be found to belong.” 

The genus Roccws may be divided into two sections. 


¢1. Corpus elongatum; dentes ad lingue basin in seriebus longitudinalibas 
duabus ordinati. 
Roccus lineatus Gill. 
Synonymy. 
Sciena lineata Bloch, Ichthyologie, pars. ix. p. 53, pl. 305. 
Perca Schoepff., Schrift. der Gesells. Nat. Freund, vol. viii. p. 160. 
Perca saxatilis Bloch, Systema Ichthyologiz, Schneid. ed. p. 89. 
Perca septentrionalis Bloch, Systema Ichthyologiz, Schneid. ed. p. 90, pl. 70. 
Centropome rayé Lac., Hist. Nat. des Poissons, vol. iv. p. 225. 
Roccus striatus Mitchell, Report in part on the fishes of New York, p. 25, 1814. 
Perca Mitchelli Mitchell, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc., N. Y., vol. i. p. 413, pl. 3 
fig. 4. 
Rock-Fish Mease, Trans. Lit and Phil. Soc., N. Y., vol. i. p. 502. 
Perca Mitchelli - : Scag j 
Lepibema Mitehelli { Raf Ichthiologia Ohiensis, p. 23, (passim). 
Labrax lineatus Cuv. et Val., Hist. Nat. des Poissons, vol. ii. p. 79. 
Perca labrax! Swith, Nat. Hist. Fishes of Mass., p. 277. 


[ April, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. me 


Labrax lineatus Rich., Fauna Boreali-Americana, vol iii. p. 10. 


st ee Storer, Report on the Fishes of Mass., p. 7. 

a ae Ayres, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. iv. p. 757. 

RE “ Dekay, Zoology of New York, Fishes, p. 7, pl. 1. fig. 3. 

es a Linsley, Catalogue of Fishes of Connecticut. 

ft ae Storer, Synopsis Fishes of N. America, p. 21, ib. in Memoirs 
Am. Acad. 

it ae Storer, Hist. Fishes of Mass., ib. in Memoirs Am. Acad., vol. 
vy. p. 55, pl. 1, fig. 4.,1853. 

« a Baird, Report on Fishes of New Jersey coast, p. ib. in Ninth 


Annual Report of Smits. Inst., p. 321. 
ue ««* ~~ Holbrook, Ichthyology of South Carolina, p. 17, pl. iv. fig. 2. 
uc Gill, Annual Report Smith. Inst., 1857, p. 255. 

This species is so well known and has been so frequently described and 
figured that no description is here needed. The best that has appeared is that 
of Holbrook in the Ichthyology of South Carolina; in that, the only correct 
account of the lingual dentition published by any American author, is given. 
The best illustration of the species is given by Sonrel in Dr. Storer’s “ History 
of the Fishes of Massachutsetts,” and is superior to that of Dr. Hulbrook. 

Cuvier and Valenciennes have described the tongue as having asperities only 
on its sides, while other naturalists have stated that the teeth on the tongue are 
most obvious on its sides,” or more correctly that the ‘tongue is rough at its 
base and upon its sides and smooth in thecentre.”’ Dr. Holbrook has well said 
that “there are two bands of minute teeth, at the root of the tongue, separated 
slightly from each other in the mesial line; the sides of the tongue are also 
armed with small teeth.” 

Prof. Filippi, a learned naturalist of Turin, has also correctly described the 
lingual dentition of Roccus lineatus in comparison with a species of the 
genus which he regarded as new, but which has, in this monograph, been con- 
sidered as identical with the Roccus chrysops. 


211. Corpus oblongo-ovatum, compressum; dentes ad lingue basin in turma 
ovali aggregati. 
Roccus chrysops Gill. 
2 Synonymy. 
Teeth Rat, Ichthyologia Ohiensis, p. 28. 
Labrax multilineatus Cuv. and Val., His, Nat. des Poissons, vol. iii. p. 588. 
Perea multilineata Les. fide Cuv. and Val. 
Labraz notatus Smith, in Rich. Fauna Boreali-Americana, vol. iii. p. 8, 1836. 
Labrax multilineatus Kirtland, Boston Journal Nat. Hist., vol. v. p. 21, pl. 7, 

fig. 1. 

is “ Dekay, Nat. Hist. of New York Fishes, p. 14. 
Labraz albidus Dekay, Nat. Hist. of New York Fishes, p. 13, pl. 51, fig. 165. 
Labraz notatus Dekay, loc. cit., p. 14. 
Labraz multilineatus Storer, Synopsis of the Fishes of North America, p. 22, 

ib. in Memoirs of American Acad. 

Labrax notatus Storer, loc. cit., p. 22. 
Labraz albidus Storer, loc. cit., p. 23. 
Labraz osculati Filippi, Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 2d series, vol. v. p. 164. 
Labrax chrysops Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1860, p. 20. 

Non Labraz chrysops Girard. 


The Roccus chrysops of this monograph is undoubtedly identical with 
the Perca or Lepibema chrysops of Rafinesque, and the Labrax multi- 
lineatus of the “Histoire Naturelle des Poissons” and of Kirtland. The 
descriptions that have been yet given of the species under those names are 
meagre and unsatisfactory, but the notice of the color given by the above 


1860.] 


Ld 
‘ 


114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


named authors and the possession of specimens from the same hydrographical 
basins as those from whence the fishes described by them were taken, leave no 
doubt as to the identity of the species. 

Rafinesque’s description of his Perea chrysops is, like almost all his des- 
criptions, inapplicable to any known fish, but it agrees with the Morone 
chrysops better than any otherspecies. Rafinesque erroneously attributes 
to his species six branchiostegal rays, a single opercular spine, eight spines to 
the first dorsal fin, and places it under the genus Perca, all the species of which, 
he informs us, have naked heads. He proposed for it a new genus to which he 
gave the name Lepibema, in allusion to the scaly bases of the unpaired fins. 

Lesueur subsequently sent to the Parisian Maseum two specimens of aspecies 
which he called Perca multilineata, which Cuvier and Valenciennes 
placed in their genus Labraz, but adopted for it the specific name of Lesueur. 
Their description is mostly comparative, it being said to differ from the Labrax 
lineatus by its higher body, shorter head, more feeble teeth, the stronger 
asperities of the tongue, and especially the larger scales of the maxillaries, 
which resemble those of Labrax mucronatus, whilein Labrax lineatus 
they were said to be scarcely perceptible. 

The description of the lingual dentition is very unsatisfactory, and no cor- 
rection is made of the statement made in the second volume that the Labrax 
lineatus has only lateral teeth. It is not in the development of the asperi- 
ties of the tongue that the lingual dentition of the species differs, but that while 
there are two narrow rows separated by a mesial line in Roccus lineatus, 
the rows are broader at the middle, in proportion, and coalescent in Roceus 
chrysops. 

There were said to be in one specimen sixteen, and in another, nineteen 
longitudinal dark lines. So large a number is rarely seen; the most constant 
arrangement is five above, including the one through which the lateral line 
runs, while sometimes there are several below the lateral line, and at other 
times they are obsolete. These lines are sometimes straight, but often in- 
terrupted. 

In the ‘Fauna Boreali-Americana” of Richardson, a Labrazx is described in 
the volume on Ichthyology, under the name of Labrax notatus (Smith), the 
Bar-fish or Canadian Basse.” This species is said to “differ from Mitchell's 
Basse (L. lineatus Cuwv.) in being much more robust, and in being marked 
with rows of spots, five above and five below the lateral line, so regularly in- 
terrupted and transposed as to appear like ancient church music.” It has been 
suggested by Dr. Dekay that it is the same as the Perca Mitchelli, var. 
interruptus of Mitchell, but the comparison will apply very well to Roccus 
chrysops, and itis doubtless identical with that species. In the remarks 
upon the species, it is said—by Dr. Richardson apparently—that “in the more 
robust form, and in the strong scales of the head, the Canadian Bar-fish resem- 
ples the L. mucronatus of the United States and the West Indies, and the 
L. multilineatus of the Wabash. The latter has sixteen narrow, black, 
longitudinal lines on the flanks.” It has been attempted to show that the 
number of lines is not a specific character, and if this is the case, the Labrax 
notatus and L. multilineatus are probably identical with each other 
and with Roccus chrysops. The Labrax notatus, it is true, is stated 
by Smith to have but one anal spine and six articulated ventral rays, but this 
statement is undoubtedly due to a /apsus calami or an error of observation. So 
great a variation, in the number of anal spines, from a nearly allied species, 
would be in direct opposition to all we know of the peculiarities of the fishes 
of this tribe, while it is one of the characters of tae family to have only five 
branched rays in the ventral fins. Smith states that he counted fifty-eight 
scales along the lateral line, a statement which confirms the identity of this 
species with Roccus chrysops. 

In the abstracts of Smith’s description of Labrax notatus, given by Dekay 


[April, 


—~ 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 115 


and Storer, the species is said to have the ‘length, one to two feet.” If this 
was so, it might militate against the idea of its identity with Roccus chry- 
sops, but an examination of the description of Smith and Richardson reveals 
no mention whatever of the size of the species. 

In the number of Guerin’s ‘‘ Revue et Magazin de Zoologie,” for April, 1853, 
(vol. v. p. 164,) Professor Filippi, of Turin, has described a Roccus to which he 
has given the name of Labrax Osculatii, a traveller in America, M. Oscu- 
lati, having obtained it from Lake Ontario. Filippi has distinguished this 
species from Labrax line atus very well, alluding to the two longitudinal 
lines of basal teeth in that species, and attributing to his own a single oval 
patch. His other characters are the greater heighth of the body in L. Oscu- 
latii, which equals a third of the length, while in L. lineatus it is a 

9 


quarter; and the number of scales, which are formulated as 56 — for L. 
9 15 

Osculatii, and 64 —for L. lineatus. The true teeth are also said to 
1l 


be more numerous. The distinctive characters of the species are very well 
stated by Filippi, but his expression of: surprise that a fish so common in the 
-United States should not have been noticed by any American naturalist, not 
even by Dr. Dekay, is uncalled for. Unhappily, the species had been too often 
noticed, and in Dekay’s Ichthyology of New York it appears under no less than 
three different names. Filippi has mentioned its habitat as the sea and rivers 
of the United States (Mare et fluviis confederationis Americane). I know not 
on what authority it is said to inhabit the sea; it is probably assumed to be 
found there because the Roccus lineatus is. So far as we now know, it is 
confined to the great fresh water lakes and the Western rivers. 

Specimens of the Roccus chrysops are in the Museum of the Smithsonian 
Institution, from southern Illinois, obtained by Mr. Robert Kennicott, and from 
the Root river at Racine, Wisconsin, Toronto, &c., obtained by Professor Baird. 

The specimens from the hydrographical basins of the Ohio river and of the 
Great Lakes cannot be specifically distinguished from each other. Nor can f 
perceive the difference signalized by Dr. Kirtland in the caudal fins of Ohio and 
Lake Erie specimens. 

In extreme youth, this species appears to be crossed by obscure vertical 
bands; at a later epoch these bands are lost, and afterwards the longitudinal 
lines are assumed. 

The best descriptions of this species have been published by Prof. Filippi 
under the name of Labrax Osculatii, and by the late Dr. Dekay under that 
of Labrax albidus. The best figure is that given by Dr. Kirtland in the 
Journal of the Boston Society of Natural History, but the dorsals are errone- 


ously represented as being connected by a low membrane. In the text they are 
correctly described as being ‘‘ distinct.” 


IV. Morone. (Mitch.) Gill. 


Synonymy. 
Perca sp., Bloch, Gmel. Lac. 
Morone sp., Mitchell. 
Bodianus sp., Mitchell. 
Labrax sp., Raf. 


Corpus oblongo-ovatum, gibbosum ad pinne dorsalisinitium. Dentes max- 
illares, palatini et vomerini velutini ; dentes linguales in margine totio dispo- 
siti, ad basin carentes. Squamz in capite totio bene pectinate. Preoperculam 
postice subtusque pectinatum. Operculum biaculeatum. Pinnz dorsales ad 
basin membrana paulo elevata conjuncte; pinna dorsalis spinosa radiis 
numero non decem superantibus. Pinna analis spinis tribus, quarum secun- 
da sepe major est. Linea lateralis antice convexa vix dorso concurrens. 


1860.] 


116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Thé chief distinctive characters of the genus are the presence of strongly 
pectinated scales on the cheeks and opercular bones, and the band of villiform 
teeth on the sides and of more scattered ones at the tip. 

In the armature of the preoperculum and operculum, it resembles the genus 
Roccus. In the connection of the dorsal fins at the base, the less allied Pacific 
genera Lateolabraz of Bleeker, and Psammoperca of Richardson. The slightly 
gibbous back in front of the dorsal fin, and the greater developement of the 
second anal spine are secondary features, which support the natural characters 
of Morone as distinguished from the genus Roccus. 

For the name of the genus, one used by Mitchell for a group founded in 
error, has been adopted. The name of Mitchell resulted from a misunder- 
standing of that author regarding the value of the terms made use of by Lin- 
neus. The genus Perca was placed by the Swedish naturalist in his section 
of Thoracici; Mitchell, believing that the Morone americana, Perca fla- 
vescens and Pomotis maculatus were rather abdominal fishes, considered 
them to be generically distinct from Perca, and consequently gave to them the 
generic name of Morone. It is scarcely necessary to state that all the species 
enumerated have the normal position of the ventrals of Perca, and that there- 
fore Morone of Mitchell was a mere synonyme of Perca of Linneus. I haye 
nevertheless preferred to take that name rather than to give a new one. 


Morone americana. Gill. 
a Synonymy. 
Perca Schoepff, Schrift. der Gesells. Nat. Freund, vol. viii. p. 159. 
Perca americana Gmel., Systema Nature, vol. i., pars iii., p. 1308. 
Perca Schoepff, Naturforscher, vol. xx., p. 17. 
Perca americana Bloch, Systeme Ichthyologie, Schneid. ed. 
Perca americana Lac., Hist. Nat. des Poissons, vol. iv. p. 412. 
Morone rufa Mitchell, Report in part on the Fishes of New York, p. 18. 
Bodianus rufus Mitchell, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. of New York, vol. i. p. 
420, Jan. 1814. 
Centropomus albus Raf. Precis des decouvertes Somilogiques, June, 1814. 
bil). 
‘i Perca mucronata Raf., American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review, vol. 
ii. p. 205. ; 
Labrax mucronatus Cuy. and Val. Le petit Bar d’Amerique, Hist. Nat. des 
Poissons, vol. ii., p. 81, pl. 121. 
Bodianus rufus Smith, Nat. Hist. Fishes of Mass, p. 274. 
Labrax mucronatus Storer, Report on Ichthyology of Mass., p. 8. 
Perca macronatus (misprint) Sw. Nat. Hist. of Fishes, Amphibians and 
Reptiles, vol. ii., p. 198. 1839. 
Labrar rufus Dekay, Nat. Hist. of New York Fishes, p. 9, pl. 3, fig. 7. 
Labrar mucronatus Ayres, Boston Journal Nat. Hist., vol. iv., p. 257. 
Labrax mucronatus Linsley, Catalogue of Fishes of Connecticut. 
Labraz rufus Storer, Synopsis of the Fishes of North America, p. 22; ib. in 
Memoirs of American Acad., new series, vol. ii., p. 274. 1846. 
Labrax rufus Storer, Hist. of the Fishes of Mass., p. 1, ib. in Memoirs of 
American Acad., n. s., vol. v., p. 57. 
Labrazx mucronatus Baird, Report on Fishes of New Jersey Coast, p. 8; ib. in 
Ninth Annual Report of Smith. Inst. p. 322. 1855. 
Labrax americanus Holbrook, Ichthyology of South Carolina, p. 21, pl. 3, 
fig. 2. 1855. 
Bibi rufus Gill, Annual Report of Smith. Inst., p. 256. 1857. 
Labrax mucronatus Hill, Catalogue of Fish of Jamaica, p. 1. 
B. 
Labrax nigricans Dekay, Nat. Hist. of New York Fishes, p. 12, pl. 50, fig. 
160. 1842. 


CApril, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 117 


Labrax nigricans Storer, Synopsis of the Fishes of North America; ib. in Me- 
moirs of American Acad., vol. ii. p. 23. 1846. 


y: 

Morone pallida Mitchell, Report in part on the Fishes of New York, p. 18. 

Bodianus pallidus Mitchell, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. of New York, vol. i. 
p- 420. 

Bodianus pallidus Smith, Nat. Hist. of Fishes of Mass. p. 294. 

Labraz pallidus Dekay, Nat. Hist. of New York, Fishes, p. 11, pl. 1, fig. 2. 
1842. 

Labrax pallidus Storer, Synopsis of the Fishes of North America, p. 22; ib. 
in Memoirs of American Acad., vol. ii., p. 22. 

Labraz pallidus Perley, Report upon the Fishes of the Bay of Fundy, p. 121. 
1851. 

Labraz pallidus Perley, Descriptive Catalogue (in part,) of Fishes of New 
Brunswick and Nova Scotia, p 4; ib. in Reports on Sea and River Fisheries 
of New Brunswick, p.182. 1852. 


In the above synonymy, it will be observed that several species which have 
been created as distinct, and so retained by succeeding naturalists, have been 
merged into one. Although there can searcely be a doubt of the identity of 
these nominal species, the synonymy, at the same time, has been divided into 
three portions, each applying to one of the nominal species as previously 
accepted. 

The reference of all the variations of the Labrax americanus type to 
one species has been only done after a careful study of Dekay’s descriptions, 
and after examination of numerous specimens of the genus. The descriptions 
of Dekay certainly do not afford any means for distinguishing his species, in 
the case of Labrax rufus and Labrax nigricans, except a very slight 
difference in the shade of color. The description of the color of the latter 
species is given by Dekay, as follows: 

‘‘The general hue is deep brownish-black, more intense on the head and 
upper part of the body. In the older specimens, there is a strong brassy hue 
throughout; occasionally dark longitudinal parallel streaks on the upper part 
of the body, pupils black, irides yellow, base of the fins light greenish-yellow, 
edge of the membrane of the spinous dorsal, black ; upper portion of the 
membrane of the posterior dorsal fin transparent, and separated from the 
yellow portion at the base by a tolerably well defined dark band; membrane 
of the anal fin dark toward the tips of the rays.’’ 

Let any naturalist take an ordinary specimen of the common white perch, 
and decide whether the difference of color between that specimen and the 
Labrax nigricans is sufficient to authorize a separation on that ground ; 
in all other respects, the description of Dr. Dekay will exactly apply to his 
Labrax rufus. 

The distribution of the darker shades of color on the body and fins, is the 
same in both species ; the proportions are the same, and the difference in the 
number of rays is not greater than is noticed in the same species. Is it not 
probable that Dr. Dekay was induced to separate the Labrax nigricans 
from his other species on account of a supposed difference of station? The 
Labrax rufus is described as being ‘‘ obtained in brackish streams,’’ while 
the Labrax nigricans is said to be found in ‘‘ deep fresh-water ponds in 
Queen and Suffolk Counties.’? But the true Labrax rufus (Morone ameri- 
cand) is found also in streams of fresh water, and in ponds that are now en- 
tirely disconnected from the salt water, although not far from the sea. As 
there is therefore no difference in the habitation of the supposed two species, 
and as no specific distinctions appear to exist from the descriptions of Dr. 
Dekay, no alternative is left but to consider them identical. 

Mr. William H. Herbert, a popular writer on our fi-hes, entertained “ great 
doubts ’’ whether the Labrax nigricans was more “‘than acasual variety of 


1860.] 


118° PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


the Black Bass of the Saint Lawrence,”’ the ‘‘Grystes nigricans of Agassiz.”’ 
Such doubts deserve no consideration, as there are none of its being at least 
the congener of Morone americana. 

As to the Labrax pallidus, there is a greater discrepancy in the descrip- 
tion of it as compared with that of the Labrax rufus. It is said that in the 
former, the opercle has ‘‘a single flat spine, and a pointed membrane extend- 
ing beyond it,’’ while the generic characters given by Cuvier to the genus are 
retained, one of which is founded upon the presence of ‘‘two points on the 
opercle.’’ The statement that Labrax pallidus has but one spine is pro- 
bably due to a misapprehension of Dekay. In the Morone americana 
there is one acute point terminating the opercle, above which is an emargina- 
tion separating it from a more obtuse or rounded process, which in one case 
has been regarded as a spine, and in the other has not. It is impossible to 
believe that two fishes of this genus so nearly resembling each other, should 
so differ in the developement of the opercular spines. 

Another distinctive character is said to exist in the first ray of the posterior 
dorsal, which is ‘‘ nearly as long as the second.’’ Was not this relative differ- 
ence in the proportions of the rays the result of injury to the tips of the suc- 
ceeding soft ones? As a third character, it is mentioned that the body is 
‘*much compressed.’? From the figures of Labrax rufus and Labrax pal- 
lidus, it would appear that any difference in height was rather in favor of 
the former than of the latter. No mention is made in the description, of the 
color of the fins of Labrax pallidus, but from the figure it would appear 
that the pattern is nearly the same in that species as in Labrax rufus, but 
the shade is lighter towards the borders of the dorsal and anal. This differ- 
ence is too trivial to be accepted as specific, and if the above conjectures as to 
the nature of Dr. Dekay’s statements are correct, the Labrax pallidus 
must be regarded as a mere synonyme of Morone americana. 


Morone interrupta Gill. 
Synonymy. 

Labrax chrysops Girard. General Report upon the Zoology of the several 
Pacific Railroad routes, Ichthyology, p. 29. 

non Roccus chrysops Gill. 

The form of this species scarcely differs from the Morone americana, 
the chief difference existing in the more gradual declination of the dorsal out- 
line to the end of the second dorsal fin, and the greater inequality of the an- 
terior and posterior portions of the caudal peduncle. The greatest height of 
the body equals three-tenths of the length from the snout to the concave mar- 
gin of the caudal fin; of that length, the head forms almost three-tenths, 
being not much less than the height of the body, and the caudal fin, at its mid- 
dle rays, equals half of the height of the body. The caudal fin, when expanded, 
is emarginated and its angles rounded ; the shortest rays equal three-fifths of 
the length of the longest. 

The dorsal fin commences at a vertical intermediate between the bases of 
the pectoral and ventral fins, and is of a triangular form, the fourth ray being 
the largest, and equalling the length of the pectoral fin; the spines have the 
same form and arrangement as those of Morone americana. The second 
dorsal is connected by a membrane as in Morone americeana; its spinous 
or first cay is little more than half the length of the first articulated one, which 
itself is nearly as long as the fourth dorsal spine; the fin thence decreases in 
height towards its last ray, which is shorter than its spinous one. 

The anal fin commences under the fourth or fifth articulated ray of the 
second dorsal, and about four of its rays are posterior to the termination of 
that fin ; the first spine is short and robust; the second at least twice as long 
as the first, compressed, and very strong; the third is as long or longer than the 
second, but much more slender. The first articulated ray of the anal is 


[April, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 119 


longer than the spines, and about twice as long as the last; the outline of the 
fin is slightly emarginated. 

The first ray of the pectoral fin is, as usual, articulated but simple; the 
third is longest and branched, and equals the base of the second dorsal. 

The ventrals are about as long as the pectorals; the length of the spine is 
equal to two-thirds of that of the first or second branched rays. 

The radial formula is as follows: 

Dix—t 12) Am, 10. 'C 4) 1S) 7,1, 25. P 3, 14: Vii, 5. 

The scales are of about the same size as in the Morone americana, the 
lateral line running through about fifty, besides the smaller ones at the base 
of the caudal fin; at the region of its greatest height, there are about nineteen 
rows, of which about seven are above the lateral lineand eleven beneath. The 
relative proportions on the different parts of the body are almost nearly the 
same as in that species, the chief difference existing on the front of the back, 
where the exposed portions of the dise are higher and narrower than in M. 
americana. On the cheeks from the orbit to the angles, there are about 
seven oblique rows. 

The specimens preserved in spirits have a bright brazen color, tinged on the 
back with olivaceous. Along the sides are seven very distinct longitudinal 
black bands, through the fourth of which the lateral line runs for its entire 
length. The continuity of the bands below the lateral line is interrupted at 
the posterior half of their length, and they there alternate with their anterior 
parts. ‘ 

The dorsal fins are tinged with purple, and the margin of the spinous one is 
dark. The anal is of a darker purple towards its anteriorangle. The caudal, 
especially posteriorly and at its middle, is purple. The rays of the pectoral 
and ventral fins are yellowish, while the membrane of the former is hyaline, 
and of the latter sometimes minutely dotted. 


This species, as will be observed by reference to the synonymy, has been 
described by Dr. Charles Girard, under the name of Labrax chrysops Grd. 
(Perca or Lepibema chrysops Raf.), to which is also referred as a syno- 
nyme, the Labrax multilineatus of Cuvier and Valenciennes, Kirtland, 
Dekay and Storer. From that species, it is very distinct, and even belongs to 
a different genus. Cuvier described the ground color as a greenish-gray 
on the back and silvery on the belly. This is not the color of Morone inter- 
rupta, and that species must be therefore distinct from Labrax multi- 
lineatus, nor can it be the Perca chrysops of Rafinesque, which is 
said to be ‘‘ silvery with five longitudinal brownish stripes on each side,’’ and 
have the ‘‘head brown above.’’ ‘This description, though erroneous in most 
respects, is as accurate as Rafinesque’s generally are, and agrees sufficiently 
well with Kirtland’s Labrax multilineatus, which is doubtless identical 
with the Cuvieran species. Even such an observer as Rafinesque would have 
noticed the deep brazen hue of Morone interrupta, and would not have 
overlooked two of the seven very distinct black bands that run along the sides. 

Dr. Girard has stated that there are but six branchiostegal rays in his species, 
but I am able to say, from an examination of the specimens used by Dr. Girard 
himself, for description, that it agrees with all allied species, in having the 
normal number of seven, and which are developed as in Morone americana. 

There are preserved in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, three 
specimens of the Morone interrupta, one of which was obtained by 
Lieutenant Couch, at New Orleans, and two larger ones were found at St. Louis, 
Missouri, by Dr. George Engelman. The small specimen from New Orleans 
differs from the two Missouri specimens by the larger second spine of the anal 
fin, but in every other respect they are similar. 


1860.] 


120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Monograph of the Philypni. 
BY THEO. GILL. 


I. In the year 1837, M. Valenciennes has for the first time separated from 
the genus Eleotris of Gronovius, a fish which had been previously referred by 
Schneider, Lacepede and by Cuvier, to genera to which it did not naturally 
belong. 

This species was first named Platycephalus dor mitator, in Schneider’s 
posthumous edition of the ‘‘ Systema Ichthyologie ’’ of Bloch, from the figure 
and manuscript description of the Father Plumier. 

Shortly after, M. Lacepede, upon the same documents, established his 
Gobiomoredormeur. The genus to whichit was referred was distinguished 
by M. Lacepede from the genus Gobius, by the separation of the ventral fins. 
The group was thus established on the same characters as those by which 
Cuvier afterwards separated the species under the Gronovian name of Eleotris, 
but the homogeneousness of the group was destroyed by the introduction of 
species which had no affinity to the Eleotroids. 

Subsequently, Cuvier, in his ‘‘Regne Animal,’’ revised the characters of 
the genus Lleotris, and introduced among true species of the genus, the Eleo- 
tris dormitatrix, which is the same as the above mentioned species of 
Bloch and of Lacepede. 

No additional information was communicated respecting this species until 
the year 1837. At that time, M. de Valenciennes, in his monograph of the 
Gobioids contained in the twelfth volume of the ‘‘ Histoire Naturelle des Pois- 
sons,’’ revised the characters of the genus leotris, and in addition to those 
by which Cuvier distinguished it, referred to the presence of teeth only on the 
jaws. From the genus, as thus constituted, he has separated the Platycepha- 
lus dormitator of Schneider, or the Eleotris dormitatrix of Cuvier, 
on account of the presence of teeth on the front of the vomer. Valenciennes 
has taken the species as the type of a new genus, which he has called Philyp- 
nus, and the presence of vomerine teeth is the only character by which he 
distinguishes it from his Eleotris; he has called the species Philypnus dor- 
mitator, and has given an extended description of it. He had examined 
specimens from the islands of Martinique and Porto Rico, and has signalized its 
presence in Saint Domingo. The species thus described is the only one which 
he has referred to the genus. 3 

But in the same volume as that in which he has introduced the genus Phi- 
lypnus, Valenciennes has placed in the genus Gobius, a Chinese fish which 
Lacepede has described under the name of Bostryche chinois. This fish, 
as will afterwards be shown, is nearly allied to the species of the genus Phi- 


ypnus. 


II. The Bostryche chinois or Bostrychus sinensis, was first intro- 
duced into Systematic Nomenclature by Lacepede, who founded the species 
only on a Chinese drawing. The genus Bostrychus was formed for its recep- 
tion, and was characterized by its ‘‘ elongated and serpentiform body, two 
dorsal fins, the second of which is separated from the caudal fin, two barbels 
at the upper jaw, and the eyes quite large and without a lid.’’ As a second 
species of the genus so defined, Lacepede has placed a species which was 
ascertained by Valenciennes to be a species of Ophicephalus, a genus belonging 
to an entirely different family from the Bostrychus sinensis, and which 
possesses a single long continuous dorsal. Notwithstanding this rather im- 
portant variation from Bostrychus sinensis, Lacepede chiefly distinguishes 
his second species by a difference of color, the former being described as brown, 
and the latter as spotted with green; from the latter character the name of 
B. maculatus was conferred on it. The B. maculatus, like the B. 
sinensis, was only known from a Chinese drawing. As Valenciennes has 


[April, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 121 


already remarked, it should properly have been referred by Lacepede to his 
genus Bostrychoides, which was distinguished from his Bostrychus by the pre- 
sence of only one dorsal fin. 

In 1806, M. Dumeril published his ‘‘Zoologie Analytique, ou Methode 
Naturelle de Classification des Animaux.’’ In the ichthyological portion of 
the volume, the genera of Lacepede are adopted, but the name of Bostrychus is 
abolished on account of its previous application by Geoffrey to a genus of 
coleopterous insects, and that of Bostrichtes or Bostrichthys is substituted in its 
stead. The characters given to the genus are the same as those of Lacepede. 

In 1815, Rafinesque published his ‘‘ Analyse de la Nature, ou Tableau de 
V’Univers.’’ In this volume there is first introduced into the seventh family 
of the system (Petalomia,) and into the first sub-family ( Cepolidia) the Bos- 
trychus of Lacepede under the name of Bostrictis, and the Gostrychoides under 
the name of Prerops, and these are interposed between Cepola and Trachypte- 
rus on the one hand, and on the other Tasica Raf., and Lepodopus, while Gym- 
netrus and a number of genera founded on more or less perfect specimens of 
Trachypterus are placed in a second family called Gymnetria. Again the Bos- 
trychi and Bostrychoides are introduced under the new name of Jctiopogon for 
Bostrychus, and Pterops for Bostrychoides into a twenty-third family called Pan- 
topteria, and into athird sub-family (Anguillinia). The family and sub-families 
contain a singular and most unnatural reunion of the most widely distinct 
types; apodal Scombroids and Xiphioids are mingled with apodal Blennoids 
and Comephorus and Mastacembelus Gron, Ammodytes L., Ophidium L., and An- 
guilla are thrown together in the same family. Rafinesque doubtless derived 
the idea of placing the last named genera in the family of ‘‘Pantopteria”’ or 
apodal fishes from a remark of Lacepede, who saw no ventrals represented 
in the figures of his Bostrychi, and therefore suggested that none might exist. 

Thus, on the authority of the figure of a Chinese painter, unacquainted with 
Ichthyology, three distinct generic names, besides orthographical modifications 
of two of them, had been formed for a fish which no naturalist had ever seen. 
Without criticism and without judgment, it had been referred to the systems 
of the various authors, and one of them had placed it in two distinct orders in 
the same work. After the last of these works, the problematical genus was 
allowed to rest, and no naturalist has since paid attention to it. 

The first critical ichthyologist who examined the grounds on which the 
species was founded, was M. Valenciennes. That excellent naturalist, like 
his predecessors, only knew the species by the Chinese painting. Judging 
from this alone, he recognized its affinity to the Gobioids, and expressed the 
belief, from its form, that it was certainly a Gobius, and therefore called it 
Gobius sinensis, but was careful to observe that he could neither see the 
ventral fins, nor count the rays of the others. 

The first ichthyologist by whom the species was seen and described from 
nature was Sir John Richardson. That gentlemen, in the Ichthyology of the 
Voyage of H. M.S. the Sulphur, gave a description of it, referring it, as a new 
species, to the genus Philypnus, under the name of P. ocellicauda. He after- 
wards, in the same work, published his belief of its identity with the Bostry- 
chus sinensis of Lacepede, and adopting the specific name of that author, 
called it Philypnus sinensis. In the same part, he has given a very good 
figure of the species. 

Subsequently, Dr. Bleeker, in his monograph of the Gobioids and Blennoids 
of the Sundamulluccan Archipelago, described a fish, which he called Philyp- 
nus ophicephalus, at the same time doubtfully placing as a synonyme, 
the Philypnus ocellicauda of Richardson. He afterwards appeared to have 
become satisfied of the identity of the two species, and adopting the older name 
of Richardson, quoted his own as a synonyme. 

Although this species is nearly allied to the true Philypni, it differs too much 
from those species to be a natural member of the same genus. It has therefore 


1860.] 


122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


been now placed in a separate one, for which the name of Bostrichthys is 
retained. The two genera, Philypnus and Bostrichthys, form a distinct group, 
characterized chiefly by the presence of vomerine teeth. To this group, the 
name of Philypni may be given: ultimately it may be found to be a separate 
sub-family. 


Puitypnt Gill. 


The form of the body is similar to that of the typical Eleotroids, anteriorly 
subcylindrical, becoming compressed, and slightly decreasing in height towards 
the caudal fin. 

The head is elongated and depressed above, the mouth ample, the teeth 
villiform on both the jaws and the front of the vomer. 

The branchial apertures are more or less extended forwards, but separated 
from each other by an isthmus. 

There are six branchiostegal rays, the four exterior of which are well devel- 
oped, curved and compressed, the two internal are small and slender. 

The dorsal fins are separated by a considerable interval; the ventrals ap- 
proximated, but entirely disconnected. 

The above characters apply to the only two known genera. Subsequent 
discoveries may necessitate their revision. The group as thus constituted, 
differs from the Eleotroids by the presence of vomerine teeth, and the distance 
of the dorsal fins from each other. If these characters are persistent, it would 
seem proper to retain the group as a distinct sub-family. 

The only known genera are Philypnus Val., and Bostrichthys. Philypnus is 
an American form, and Lostrichthys an Asiatic form. The characters of these 
will be now given: 


Puitypnus Val. 
Synonymy. 
Philypnus Val., Hist. Nat. des Poissons, vol. xii. p. 255, 1837. 
Platycephalus sp. Bl. Schneid., Systema Icthyologie, 1801. 


Gobiomorus sp. Lac., Hist. Nat. des Poissons. 
Eleotris sp. Cuv., Regne Animal, ed. ii. 


Head elongated, subconical in profile, depressed above ; mouth large, lower 
jaw projecting beyond the upper; nostrils with raised margins, between the 
eyes and upper jaw; the distance between each nearly equal to that of the 
anterior nostrils from the upper jaw, and of the posterior from the eyes. 
Branchial apertures extending anteriorly nearly to the angles of the mouth 
and separated from each other by a very narrow isthmus. Scales ctenoid, 
moderate, extending on the forehead, opercula and cheeks; pectinations of 
those on the forehead and cheeks frequently obsolete. 

All of the scales on the body of the species of Philypnus are more or less 
angulated posteriorly, and have the nucleus near the angle; from this angle 
radiating grooves and ridges diverge towards the anterior margin of the scales, 
and are crossed by concentric strie, which terminate at the posterior borders in 
pectinations that are often obsolete; in other scales, especially on the fore- 
head, the concentric strie surround a subcentral nucleus, and give to the 
scales a pseudocycloid appearance. In young individuals the scales are much 
more distinctly pectinated than in the adnlt. 


Philypnus dormitator Val. 
Synonymy. 
Cephalus seu asellus palustris, vulgo le dormeur, Plummer, MSS. fide Val. 
Platycephalus dormitator Bloch, Systemz Ichthyologiew, ed. Schneid. 
Gobiomore dormeur Lacepede, Hist. Nat. des Poissons, vol. ii. p. 599. 
Gobiomore dormeur Descourtilz, Voyages d’un Naturaliste. 3 
[ April, 


i) 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 12 


Eleotris dormitatrix Cuv., Regne Animal, vol. ii. 

Eleotris dormitatrix Guerin, Iconographie du Regne Animal. 

Philypnus dormitator Val., Hist. Nat. des Poissons, vol. xii. p. 255. 

Philypnus dormitator Storer, Synopsis Fishes of North America, ib. in Me- 
moirs of American Acad., vol. ii. 

Philypnus dormitator Girard, United States and Mexican Boundary Survey, 
Icthyology, p. 29, pl. xii. fig. 13. 


This species has been very fully described by Valenciennes. He had ex- 
amined specimens from Porto Rico, St. Domingo and Martinique. It has also 
been found at Mexico. 

Dr. Girard has given a figure of a very small species of this genus under the 
name of Philypnus dormitator. It is very probable the young of that 
species, but as the only specimen in the Museum is one of fifteen inches in 
length, obtained by the author at the junction of the Arouca and Caroni rivers, 
in the island of Trinidad, there is no means of comparison. The specimen 
described by Dr. Girard has very large eyes, and other characters of an ex- 
tremely young fish. It was obtained at the mouth of the Rio Grande by Mr. 
John H. Clarke, the Naturalist of the ‘‘ United States and Mexican Boundary 
Survey,’’ and is preserved in the Smithsonian Museum. 


Philypnus lateralis Gill. 


In general outline of form, this species has considerable resemblance to the 
Philypnus dormitator. The dorsal outline ascends in almost a straight 
line from the snout to the front of the dorsal fin, the chief variation existing 
between the eyes, where there is a slight depression. The back under the 
first dorsal is straight; at the second, it declines very little and in almost a 
straight line to the base of the caudal fin. The abdominal outline from the 
ventrals to the caudal fin converges in nearly the same proportion as the dor- 
sal. The greatest height of the body, at the first dorsal ray, is equal to about 
one-fifth of the total length, inclusive of the head and caudal fin ; the least 
height at the base of the caudal is half of the greatest. 

The head, in profile, is conical or elongated triangular ; it forms three-tenths 
of the total length. Its dorsal and inferior surfaces regularly converge towards 
the tip of the lower jaw, and the declension of the former is about twice as 
great as the ascension of the latter. The dorsal surface over the operculum 
is rounded, and the degree of convexity becomes less towards the eyes, be- 
tween which it is flat. The breadth at the operculum equals about half the 
length of the head, and under the eyes it is between one-fourth and one-fifth 
less. The interocular space is somewhat less than half of the breadth at the 
opercula. The outlines of the jaws are semi-elliptical. 

The eyes are longitudinally oval, and are at the third sixth of the head’s 
length. 

The preoperculum in its declination recedes considerably backwards, and 
is thence broadly curved forwards. The distance from the orbit to the pre- 
opercular angle, equals the distance from the posterior border of the orbit to 
its horizon behind the intermaxillaries. The operculum declines obliquely 
downwards from its membranous point, and its greatest length, in an oblique 

direction, slightly surpasses the interval between the orbit and the angle of 
the preoperculum. The oculo-humeral groove is shallow and scarcely ascend- 
ing. 

The mouth is oblique and large, the maxillaries extending backwards to 
the vertical of the eyes. 

The teeth on the jaws do not much differ from those of the Philypnus dor- 
mitator. The vomerine patch is narrowed towards its ends, and its teeth 
are much smaller than those of the jaws, especially anteriorly. 

The scales on the sides of the body are of an oblong form and hexagonal 
outline, with the nucleus at the posterior angle and with about eight radiating 


1860.] 


124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


ridges, some of which are bifurcate ; the ridges are separated into two portions 
by the median line. The free margin is delicately pectinated. The scales are 
of moderate size, there being about fifty-four in a row behind the pectoral fins. 
Before the dorsal fin, and especially on the forehead, the nucleus is subcentral, 
and with numerous radiating grooves sometimes advancing even to the latera} 
margins. On the operculum they are often higher than wide, with the nu- 
cleus subterminal to subcentral, with the posterior margin angulated and pec- 
tiniform ; on the preoperculum they are smaller and almost square, with more 
or less subcentral nuclei, and with the pectinations generally obsolete. 

The first dorsal fin commences some distance behind the vertical of the bases 
of the pectorals, and has the arrangement of the rays normal in the GoBINz& 
and Eleotrinz. The rays in length have the following relation to each 
other ; 2, 3, 1, 4. The second dorsal is oblong and commences behind the ver- 
tical of the anus. 

The caudal fin is posteriorly rounded, and its longest rays form a fifth of the 
length of the fish. 

The pectorals are rounded and equal in length to the interval between the 
orbit and the margin of the operculum. The ventrals are also rounded, and 
the third and fourth branched rays are the longest. 

The radial formula is as follows :— 

1 
D vi—I, 8— ; Al, 1, 8—; C5, 6,5,5; P 2,13; VI, 5. 
1 il 


The color is dark purplish brown, lighter on the abdomen. Along the sides 
a black band runs from behind the upper part of the pectoral to the base of 
the caudal fin, dividing about nine vertical light bands, which project a little 
above and below the band. At the base of the caudal, the lateral band some- 
what enlarges, and is sometimes partly surrounded by alight margin. The 
vertical and ventral fins are sometimes immaculate, but generally spotted 
with white and black. The pectorals have a black spot at the upper axilla, 
and a blackish basal band, bordered on each side, by whitish. The head is 
of the color of the back, with vertical dark bar from the eye to the angle of 
the jaw, another from the inferior corner of the eye to the extremity of the 
operculum, and another horizontal one from the orbit to the upper jaw. 


This species was obtained in considerable numbers by Mr. John Xantus, of 
the United States Coast Survey, at Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. It adds 
another proof of the similarity of the Fauna of the Gulf of California to that of 
the West Indies. : 

The specimens collected by Mr. Xantus are in the Museum of the Smith- 
sonian Institution, and are numbered in the catalogue of the Ichthyological 
collection from number 2435 to 2442. ] 

This species differs from its West Indian congener chiefly in its proportions, 
the smaller vomerine band of teeth and in color. 


Bostricutuys (Dum.) Gill. 


Synonymy. 
iene \ Lacepede, Hist. Nat. des Poissons, vol. iii. p. 141. 
Bostricht : - 
ostrich i Dum., Zoologie Analytique, &c., p. 120, 1806. 
Bostrictis 


Zctiopogen f Bats, Analyse de la Nature, &e., 1815. 
Philypnus sp. Rich. 


Head elongated subconical in profile, oblong and depressed above. Nostrils 
distant: the anterior elongated-tubular, and immediately behind the maxil- 


[April, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 125 


laries ; the posterior subtubular and immediately in front of the antero- 
superior border of the eye. Branchial apertures extending forwards consider- 
ably beyond the posterior margins of the preopercles, and separated from each 
other by a wide isthmus. Scales cycloid, small, especially anteriorly, and 
extending on the opercula, cheeks and forehead. 


The name of Bostrychus, which was applied to this genus by Lacepede, had 
been previously used by Geoffrey, who, in the year 1764, applied the name, 
incorrectly spelled Bostrichus, to a genus of coleopterous insects. The name 
applied to that group has been universally adopted by Entomologists, and the 
name of Bostrychus, as applied to the piscine genus, must be replaced by 
another. The name of Bostrichthys was proposed as a substitute by Mr. Du- 
meril, and this is accepted. 

It would be questionable to some whether a genus founded on the evidence 
that Bostrychus was by Lacepede, and founded, at the same time, on errone- 
ous ideas, should be adopted. Bleeker has adopted Richardson’s first specific 
name, and on the same principle, the generic name of Lacepede would also 
have been probably ignored by him. The same objections that exist against 
Lacepede’s name would, of course, militate against the adoption of those of 
Dumeril and Rafinesque, which were only intended by their authors to super- 
sede his. Believing, however, that the laws of priority are imperative, and 
require the adoption of the first given name, when the object to which it was 
given can be identified, and unless entirely founded on false characters, the 
name of Bostrichthys is now accepted. Against the name, however, there exist 
the objections of an erroneous formation, and of a reference to a false charac- 
ter. ‘The name, in accordance with the composition, should be written Bos- 
trychichthys, but the erroneous name is more euphonius than the correct one. 
The name itself would imply the presence of cirrhi or barbels, but none exist ; 
the objects that were taken for such by Lacepede are the prolonged nasal 
tubes. These objections do not appear to be of sufficient weight to authorize 
a change of name. 

The zoological characters by which Bostrichthys is distinguished from Philyp- 
nus are found chiefly in the difference of the extent of the branchial apertures, 
the cycloid structure of the scales, the distant nasal apertures, and the tubu- 
lar form of the anterior ones. The smaller size of the scales, especially on the 
anterior portion of the back, where they are imbedded in the skin, perhaps 
offers another distinguishing character of Bostrichthys. 


Bostrichthys sinensis Gill. 


Synonymy. 

Bostryche chinois : ; +e 
Bostrychus sinensis \ Lacepede, Hist. Nat. des Poissons, vol. iii. p. 141. 

Le Gobie chinois\ 72), Hist, Nat.des Poissons, vol. xii. p. 94. 

Gobius sinensis Y 

Philypnus ocellicauda Rich., Voyage of the Sulphur, Zoology, p. 59. 

Philypnus sinensis Rich., loc. cit., p. 149, pl. 56, fig. 15, 16. 

Philypnus sinensis Rich., Fifteenth Annual Report of the British Association 
AVS:. p- 210. 

Philypnus ophicephalus Blkr., Verhandel'ngen y. Batav. Genootschap, vol. 
xxii., Blennoiden en Gobioiden, p. 20. 

Philypnus ocellicauda Blkr., Verhandelingen v. Batav. Genootschap, vol. 
xxvi., Index sp. Piscium, p. 10. 


There can scarcely be a doubt that this is the Bostrychus sinensis of Lace- 
pede, as there is no other fish of the Chinese waters known which has any 
thing like ‘‘two barbels at the upper jaw,’’ and an ocellus near the dorsal 
region of the peduncle. The first specific name, P. ocellicauda, which has 


1860.] 


126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


been proposed by Richardson, and adopted by Bleeker, must therefore be re- 
linquished for the prior one of Lacepede. 

As this species has been fully described by Richardson and Bleeker, and 
also figured by the former, no further description is necessary, this being the 
only known species of the genus. 

Specimens have been obtained by Dr. William Stimpson, the Naturalist of 
the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commodore Rodgers, at the 
market of Hong Kong, China. 


Kotice of Geological Discoveries, made by Capt. J. H. Simpson, Topographical 
Engineers, U. S. Army, in his recent Explorations across the Continent. 


Washington City, April 9th, 1860. 
Anticipatory of discoveries of a geological character which might be made 
and published of date subsequent to those of my Explorations, in 1858 and 59, 
across the Continent, with the sanction of the Hon. John B. Floyd, Secretary of 
War, under whose authority the Explorations were made, I present in advance 
of my final and detailed official report, the following communication from 
Messrs. F. B. Meek and H. Engelmann, in reference to the fossil remains which 
they found, and the geological epochs to which they point. As a large portion 
relates to a region of country, Zhe Great Basin,—so called by Fremont—lying 
between the Wahsatch range of mountains on its east, and the Sierra Nevada on 
its west, which never before was traversed by a white man, not even by 4 
trapper, so far as is known, the publication of this paper cannot be unacceptable 
to the scientific world, and I therefore take pleasure in submitting it to be read 

before the Academy. 
J. H. Simpson, 
Capt. Top. Engineers, U. S. Army. 


Smirusonian InstiruTIoN, 
Washington, D. C., April 2d, aa 
Capt. J. H. Simpson, Topographical Engineers, U. 8. Army: 

Dear Sir,—In accordance with your instructions we give below a brief state- 
ment of some of the conclusions arrived at from a hasty examination of the 
fossils collected during your late explorations in Utah. Although the time 
yet devoted to the study of these specimens is not sufficient to enable us to 
enter into details, enough has been determined to warrant the conclusion that 
they are of considerable interest, and establish the existence there of geological 
formations not hitherto known at such remote western localities. 

Asa more extended sketch of the general geology of the country, including a 
full account of the igneous and metamorphic rocks, together with figures and 
descriptions of the new organic remains, are to appear in your final report, it is 
unnecessary for us to do more here than to give merely some of the leading 
facts determined from the fossils collected from the various formations exposed 
along the line of survey. In doing this it will be most convenient to speak of 
the formations in the order of their succession in point of time, beginning with 
the most ancient, instead of referring to them in the order in which they were 
observed in traversing the country. 


Devonian Rocks. 


The oldest deposits from which fossils in a condition to be determined were 
collected; occur in the vicinity of the Humboldt Mountains, at the follow- 
ing points, viz.: Long. 114° 45’ west, Lat. 39° 45” north,—Long. 115° 58/7 west, 
Lat. 39° 33’ north, and Long. 115° 36” west, Lat. 39° 30’ north. At the first 
of these localities fragments of Jrilobites belonging as near as can be deter- 
mined to the genera Calymene, Homalonotus and Proetus, were collected from a 
hard, bluish limestone. The specimens are too imperfect to warrant a posi- 


(April, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 127 


tive opinion whether they are Upper Silurian or Devonian forms, though 
they evidently belong to one or the other of these epochs, and closely resem- 
ble Hamilton Group forms. 

At the other localities mentioned above, a group of fossils of decided Devo- 
nian type were found. They consist of Airypa reticularis, A. aspera, or a 
elosely allied species, a small Productus, and three new species of Spirifer. The 
first of these species has so great a vertical range, that taken alone, it would 
only indicate that the rock from which it was obtained holds a position some- 
where between the Upper Silurian and the middle or higher portions of the 
Devonian. A. aspera is a common Devonian fossil, but is also said to occur in 
the upper Silurian of the old world while the genus Productus is now generally 
regarded as not dating farther back thanthe Devonian.* These facts taken in 
connection with the close analogy of the small Productus mentioned above, and 
the associated Spirifers, to forms characterizing the Hamilton Group of the New 
York Devonian series, leave little room to doubt that the rock in which these 
fossils were found is of Devonian age, and that it most probably belongs to about 
the horizon of the Hamilton Group. 

The discovery of these fossils at this distant locality cannot fail to be 
regarded as an interesting addition to our knowledge of the geology of the 
great West, especially when it is borne in mind that they were obtained near 
twelve hundred miles farther westward than such forms, so far as is known to 
us, have hitherto been found in sifu, within the limits of the territory of the 
United States. 


CARBONIFEROUS Rocks. 


Following up the sequence of the formations, we pass eastward to the vicin- 
ity of Camp Floyd, which is in Long. 112° 8’ west, Lat. 40° 13’ north. Here 
on the west side of Lake Utah, extensive deposits of a dark, very hard, silicious 
limestone of Carboniferous age occur. The fossils collected from these beds 
bere, and for a long distance west of this, are in so bad a state of preservation 
that the specific characters of most of them are much obscured. It is believed, 
however, that we have from this rock Orthis Michelini, and O. umbraculum, 
though they may be only allied representative species. There are also along 
with these a species of Arthyris or Terebratula, one or two of Spirifer, and the 
spiral axis of an Archimedes,t with fragments of other Polyzoa and Corals. 

As the genus, or subgenus Archimedes, has not yet, so far as we know, been found 
as high in the Carboniferous system as the Coal Measures, and there are ap- 
parently no decided Coal Measure forms in the collections from this rock, we 
are inclined to regard it as belonging to the Lower Carboniferous series. 

Carboniferous formations also extend westward from Camp Floyd to the 


* Some two or three species were formerly supposed to occur in the Upper Silurian 
rocks of the Old World, but the correctness of this conclusion is questioned by most of 
the best English and Continental authorities. 


+A few fossils belonging to the genera Spirifer, Conocardium, &c., collected on a 
former expedition by one of the writers (H. kK.) near Medicine Bow Butte, Long. 106° 30’ 
west, Lat. 41° 38’ north, were regarded by Dr. Shumard as probably of Devonian age, 
thongh none of the species were positively identified with Devonian forms, and they 
were obtained from an erratic mass, the exact original position of which is unknown. 

It is also stated in Capt. Stansbury’s report that at a locality three or four days’ march 

eyond Fort Laramie, an outcrop from which some imperfect specimens of gasteropoda 
and a shell resembling a Monotis were obtained, is probably of Devonianage. The expo- 
sure here alluded to, however, is now known to be composed of Jurassic and proba- 
bly Triassic rocks. ‘The genus Monofis is unknown below the upper Coal Measures, in 
this country, and the Permian in the Old World, though it ranges above on both sides of 
the Atlantic. 


{We believe this {o be the first specimen of this curious fossil yet found in the region of 
the Rocky Mountaine. 


1860.] 


128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Devonian localities alluded to above, interrupted at places by outbursts of ig- 
neousrocks. It is likewise probable there may be in this interval both Devo- 
nian and Silurian strata, but the collections yet obtained are not sufficient to 
enable us to speak with confidence on this point. 

Between Long. 115° and 115° 30’, Lat. 40° 10’ and Lat. 39° 20’, there is a se- 
ries of hills or mountains, trending nearly north and south, to unknown distances 
beyond the field of these explorations, which seem to be mainly made up of 
light yellowish gray, more or less argillaceous, and arenaceous subcrystalline 
limestones, and slates. This formation belongs to the Carboniferous system, 
but is more recent than the dark colored limestone at Camp Floyd. The 
fossils collected from it are for the most part new, and consist of three species 
of Productus, one of which resembles P. Rogersi, Norwood and Pratten, two 
new species of Spirifer, and another apparently identical with S. cameratus, but 
more robust. and having stronger cost than is common in that species. Along 
with these there are also specimens of Athyris subtilita, and a new species of 
Chonetes, closely allied to C. Verneuiliana, Norwood and Pratten, from the Western 
Coal Measures. From the affinities of this group of fossils, we have little hesita- 
tion in referring this rock to the Upper Carboniferous series, though in its 
lithological characters it is entirely unlike strata or that age in the Middle and 
Western States. 

There were also seen at a few places near here, some outcrops of dark grayish 
colored limestones, containing Productus, Spirifer, &c. These were not ob- 
served in contact with the light colored beds mentioned above, but under 
circumstances indicating that they hold a lower position, from which it is 
inferred they are probably of lower carboniferous age. 

The occurrence here, as far west as Long. 115°, of extensive Carboniferous 
formations, is another interesting fact in the geology of this distant region not 
known previous to these explorations,—no rocks of this age being represented 
on any of the most recent and carefully compiled geological maps, from near 
Camp Floyd and the Salt Lake to the Pacific Ocean. 

Deposits, probably of the age of the Coal Measures and of great thickness, 
were also observed in the Wahsatch Mountains east of Lake Utah, along Tim- 
panogos Cafion. The strata here, however, consist mainly of dark colored and 
bluish impure limestones, slates, and argillaceous shales, the latter containing 
at a few places fragments of carbonaceous matter,—the whole being upheaved © 
and greatly distorted, apparently by violent forces acting from beneath. The 
fossils collected from these beds all differ specifically from those found in the 
light colored limestone at the localities near Long. 115° west, and we have no 
means of determining which of these is the older rock. The specimens from 
the dark colored beds in the Cafion, consist of one new or undetermined Spirifer, 
two of Productus, and two of Athyris, together with fragments of a small 
Lepidodendron. 

The indications of Coal of true Carboniferous date, seem to be more favorable 
here than at any other point examined along the route explored, though no beds 
of it were seen. Good coal has, however, been found in the same mountain 
range 140 miles south of this, but as yet little is positively known in regard to 
its age. 

Several miles above this on Timpanogos River, and at a higher geological 
horizon, outcrops of light colored, and yellowish sandstones and silicious lime- 
stones, with red shales, were seen. At one place in this formation a few speci- 
mens of very hard, light gray, highly silicious rock were obtained, containing 
great numbers of small bivalves, in a broken condition. As near as could be 
determined these are very much like Bakevellias, while another of these speci- 
mens contains a fragment resembling closely a Phyllipora. Both these fossils 
are quite similar to Permian forms, but it would be unsafe without other evi- 
dence to refer the rock to that epoch. 


[ April, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 129 


Triassic Rocks. 


At several localities east of Lake Utah, near the tributaries of Uintah River, 
extensive deposits of fine red, more or less arenaceous material were seen oc- 
cupying considerable areas, and from the accounts of various explorers, this 
formation is greatly developed along the Wahsatch Mountains south of Lake 
Utah. Atthese latter localities we have accounts of numerous beds of gypsum, 
and deposits of rock salt. These beds where seen near Uintah River are not 
known to contain gypsum or salt, but from the occurrence of gypsum in similar 
formations a little farther south, and their proximity and relations to Jurassic 
strata to be mentioned hereafter, there is little room for doubting that they 
are the same red gypsum-bearing deposit seen by Dr. Hayden beneath Jurassic 
rocks at the Black Hills. (See paper by Meek & Hayden, Proceed. Acad. Nat. 
Sci., Phil’a, March, 1858, p. 44.) 

From the statement of Mr. Marcon, Dr. George Shumard, Mr. Blake, and 
more recently of Dr. J. S. Newberry, it is evident this formation is developed on 
a grand scale in New Mexico. The only organic remains yet found in it, so far 
as we know, were some plants (Zamites, Pterophyllum, §c.) and Saurian bones, 
discovered by Dr. Newberry during his important investigations in the South- 
West, as geologist of the exploring expeditions under the command of Lieut. 
Ives, in 1858, and Capt. M’Comb, Top. Engrs., U. S. Army, in 1859. These 
fossils led Dr. N. to refer this series to the New Red or Triassic epoch,* which 
view was also maintained by Mr. Marcon, though the latter gentleman seems 
not to have had a very clear idea of its limits, since he included other rocks 
in the Trias as defined by him. 

This formation is well exposed on the North Platte at Red Butte, above Fort 
Laramie, where it also contains several beds of gypsum, and again on La- 
Bonte Creek, nearer Fort Laramie. It likewise occurs on Smoky Hill River, 
and at other localities in Kansas, where it has been referred (along with some 
lower Cretaceous rocks, and possibly some Jurassic strata) to the Trias, by Mr. 
F. Hawn. All the facts that have been accumulating for some time past, seem 
to render it more than probable that this series really represents the Trias of 
the Old World. 


Jurassic Rocks. 


At the localities already mentioned where the red beds were seen near 
Duchesne River, a tributary of Uintah River, heavy deposits were also observed 
of grayish and whitish calcareous rock, and light, red and whitish sandstones 
and shales. Some portions of the same formation were also met with further 
to the north-west on the east branch of Weber River. At both of these places 
in the calcareous beds, fragments of Pecten, Ostrea and portions of the columns of 
Pentacrinus, undistinguishable from those of the Jurassic species P. asteriscus, 
Meek and Hayden, were found. From the presence of these fossils, taken together 
with all the other circumstances, we have scarcely room to doubt that these 
deposits are of Jurassic age. 

Well marked Jurassic strata occur at Red Buttes, on the North Platte,—at 
the same locality already referred to in speaking of the red gypsum bearing 
rocks. They were not seen in direct contact with the gypsum formations, but 
under circumstances showing that they must hold a higher stratigraphical 
position. Here they consist of sandstones, shales and slates, more or less lam- 
inated calcareous sandstones, and gritty limestones of various colors, altogether 
of considerable thickness. Some of the lower of these beds are quite fossilifer- 
ous. The specimens collected consist of Pentacrinus asteriscus, Meek and Hayden, 
a Gryphea probably identical with G. calceola, Quenstredt, a plicated oyster, 


*See Am. Journ., vol. 28, 2d ser., p. 299: 
1860.] 8 


130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


closely allied to O. Marshii,* a Pecten scarcely distinguishable from P. lens of 
Sowerby, a small Dentalium, and Belemnites densus, Meek and Hayden. From 
the identity of some of these species with forms collected by Dr. Hayden at the 
Black Hills, from beds overlying the red gypsum bearing strata of that region, 
and associated with other well marked Jurassic types, as well as from the 
affinities of the new species discovered at the locality under consideration on 
the North Platte, we have no hesitation in referring these deposits to the 
Jurassic system, in accordance with the views of Dr. Hayden and one of the 
writers (F. B. M.) expressed in regard to the beds alluded to at the Black Hills. 
(See Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philad’a, March, 1858.) 


Cretacrous Rocks. 


Returning south-westward again to Weber river, in order to follow up the 
succession of the formations, we find that at a point nearly due east of Salt 
Lake City, on that stream, and but a short distance north of the locality, where 
it has already been mentioned that Jurassic beds with Pentacrinus occur, out- 
crops of a Whitish Sandstone were seen, containing in an imperfect condition 
an Oyster, agreeing in all respects, as far as could be determined, with O. 
glabra of Meek and Hayden. This rock, with the same oyster, was also seen 
some eight or nine miles farther down Weber River; also, on White Clay Creek, 
a tributary of Weber River, and some fifty miles farther east on Sulphur Creek, 
a tributary of Bear River. At the latter locality a small Anomia was also 
found with the same Oyster ; and in a more yellowish portion of the same for- 
mation several specimens of Jnoceramus, closely allied to the Western species 
usually referred to J. problematicus. Judging from the Oyster occurring in 

‘this rock, and from its lithological characters, it would seem to be of 
the same age as some older Cretaceous strata, at the mouth of Judith River, on 
the Upper Missouri, which have been referred by Dr. Hayden and one of the 
writers, provisionally to No. 1, of the Nebraska section. 

At several of the localities rather extensive beds of excellent brown coal, 
with some shale, were seen in immediate contact with this Oyster Sandstone, 
and apparently dipping at the same angle, so as to give the impression, when 
examined, that it belongs to the same epoch. 

Well marked Cretaceous rocks were seen ata point on the Platte below 
the Red Buttes, near the Platte Bridge. The beds consist of gray shales and 
slates. The fossils found here are a large new species of IJnoceramus, a 
fragment of a much compressed Baculite and Ostrea congesta of Conrad. From 
the presence of the latter fossil, itis more than probable these beds are ona 
parallel with No. 2 or 3 of the Nebraska Cretaceous series. 


Tertiary Rocks. 


Tertiary formations occur over a large area in the region of Fort Bridger. 
They seem to belong to two distinct epochs, the older of which was seen on 
Bear River, near the mouth of Sulphur Creek, about 30 miles west of Fort 
Bridger, and but a short distance from the locality, already mentioned, where 
the Oyster and Inoceramus occur in a yellow sandstone. The outcrop seen 
here consists of light colored and gray argillaceous shale, with coarse dark and 
light colored limestones, all of which dip at a high angle. The fossils collected 
from these beds consist of one new species of Unio, three of Corbula ( Potamo- 
mya), three species of Melania, three or four of Paludina, and one of Melampus. 

This is an exceedingly interesting deposit, which is undoubtedly of brackish- 
water origin, the fossils belonging to just such a group of genera as we would 
expect to find in an estuary deposit, without any strictly marine forms. One 


*The oyster here alluded to, is distinct from the species referred by Mr. Marcon to 
©. Marshti. The O. Marshii of Marcon holds a much higher stratigraphic position than 

. the above mentioned species. 
[ April, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 131 


of the species of Melania appears to be identical with Cerithium tenerum of Hall, 
(Fremont’s Report, pl. 3, fig. 6,) and a small Paludina agrees very closely with 
Natica ? accidentalis, while a third is equally as near Turbo paludineeformis, of the 
same report. All the other species are new excepting one Paludina, which is 
identical with P. Conradi of Meek and Hayden, from the estuary beds at the 
mouth of Judith River, on the Upper Missouri. All the facts point to the con- 
clusion that this formation holds a low position in the Tertiary System, or, in 
other words, is probably of Eocene age. 

The succeeding more recent Tertiary beds of this region, are extensively 
developed along the route traversed, from near the last mentioned locality to 
Fort Bridger, and thence towards the South Pass. They differ materially in 
their lithological character from the older deposits just described, and are 
characterized by an entirely different group of fossils. The upper part of this 
series consists of greenish sandstones and arenaceous shales, interstratified with 
sandy and calcareous slates altogether estimated at from two to three hundred 
feet in thickness, and apparently destitute of fossils. Then comes, (descending,) 
light colored argillaceous and pure limestones, with at places great numbers of 
fossils, all of which are strictly fresh water forms, belonging to a few species. 
Those collected consist of two new species of Melania, two of Limmnea, one ot 
Unio and two or three of Planorbis. There is also at the junction of the lower 
light colored more calcareous deposits with those above, at many places, a 
band of dark shaly, more or less carbonaceous material, containing many im- 
pressions of fern and other leaves. 

As all the fossils found in the foregoing series are distinct from those yet 
discovered in known horizons, in the other Tertiary basins of the North-West, 
we have no means of drawing parallels, though they are probably miocene. 
Whether the extensive lignite beds on Bitter Muddy Creeks, east and north of 
Fort Bridger, belong to this series or to the horizon of the older Sulphur Creek 
coal is unknown, these localities being too remote from the route to be examined. 

The more modern group described above was never seen in an upheaved or 
inclined condition, like the estuary beds on Bear River, though it is manifest 
that the general contour of the country has been considerably modified since its 
deposition, as this formation was often seen occupying some of the most 
elevated positions. 

Beneath this series heavy deposits were observed at several places, consisting 
of light and whitish fine grained sandstone in thick layers, interstratified with 
bright red, areno-argillaceous shales. Although these beds appeared to be 
conformable with the superimposed Tertiary, as no organic remains were found 
in them, their age must be regarded as doubtful. 

From the foregoing remarks it will be seen that these collections furnish no 
evidence of the existence of strictly marine Tertiary deposits in the Green River 
Basin, but like all those yet obtained in Nebraska, point to the conclusion that 
the Tertiary strata of this central portion of the Continent were deposited in 
brackish and fresh waters. The oldest of these formations, so far as known, 
contain a group of mollusca indicating brackish waters, while all the subsequent 
formations are of strictly fresh water origin. 

Another fact worthy of note is, that all the secondary and Tertiary fossils 
collected during the survey came from localities east of the Wahsatch range of 
mountains, while all the specimens collected west of that range of mountains, 
in the Great Basin, came from Palaeozoic rocks. 

In the ranges of mountains west of the 116th degree of longitude, to the 
Sierra Nevada, near lat. 39°, igneous rocks predominate, and only few traces of 
stratified rock’ were found in that district, in none of which any organic remains 
were observed. 

F. B. Meek and H. Ex@ecmann. 


1890.] 


152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Catalogue of Birds collected during a survey of a route for a ship Canal across, 
the Isthmus of Darien, by order of the Government of the United States, 
made by Lieut. N. Michler, of the U.S. Topographical Engineers, with notes 
and descriptions of new species. 


BY JOHN CASSIN. 


The route surveyed by Lieut. Michler, for the purpose of ascertaining the 
practicability of establishing communication by water, between the Atlantic 
and Pacific Oceans, was mainly by way of the river Atrato and its tributaries, 
the Truando and the Nercua. In the performance of this duty, the Atrato was 
ascended for a distance of about ninety miles, to the mouth of the Truando, 
and then a southwesterly route pursued along the latter towards the Pacific Ocean. 
The Nercua is a tributary of the Truando at a distance of thirty-six miles from 
the union of the latter with the Atrato. 

The most interesting localities mentioned in the present catalogue are on 
those two rivers, especially after the Truando reaches the Cordilleras, in which 
in a great measure it and the Nercua have their course. These localities have 
been but very partially explored by naturalists. Another locality frequently 
mentioned is Turbo, which is a small village on the Atlantic, directly on the 
eastern side of the Gulf of Uraba or Darien, and nearly opposite to the mouths 
or delta of the Atrato. 

This collection was made by Mr. William 8. Wood, Jr. and Mr. Charles J. 
Wood of Philadelphia, who accompanied the Expedition, and were of course 
under the immediate direction of the chief officer of the Expedition, Lieut. N. 
Michler, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers. This accomplished officer and 
gentleman encouraged in the fullest degree investigations in Natural History 
throughout the route, whenever consistent with other duties, and as opportu- 
nity presented. To his enlightened views and evident appreciation of the in- 
teresting character of the zoology of the country traversed by the Expedition, 
science in America is indebted for the present valuable collection, including 
several birds never before known, and other valuable additions to the zoology 
of this continent. 


1. HyporriorcHIs FEMORALIS,(Temminck). 
Falco femoralis, Temm., Pl. Col. i. liv. 21. 
Temm. Pl. Col. 121, 343, U.S. Pacific R. R. Reports, x. pl. 1. 
From Carthagena. 


2. MoRPHNUS GuIANENSIS, (Daudin)? 
Falco guianensis, Daud. Tr. d’Orn. ii. p. 78? 
Lesson. Traite d’Orn. ii. pl. 11? 

From the river Truando. One specimen only, not adult, and in bad con- 
dition, appears to be this or a nearly allied species. 

“Observed once only, in the Rio Truando, at the first camp, after leaving the 
Atrato. I noticed this eagle at first perched ina high tree, but after I had 
fired at a small bird, he immediately flew very rapidly and fiercely directly 
towards the spot where I was standing, as though he intended to poance upon 
me. He approached within a few feet, when I shot him with small bird shot.” 
(Mr. C. J. Wood.) 


3. ASTURINA MAGNIROSTRIS, (Gmelin). 
Falco magnirostris, Gm. Syst. Nat., i. p. 282, (1788.) 
Temm. Pl. Col. 86, Buff. Pl. Enl. 464. 
From Turbo. 


4, BUTEOGALLUS NIGRICOLLIS, (Latham 
Falco nigricollis, Lath., Ind. Orn. i. p. 35, (1790). 


[March 


otimtathada 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 133 


Aquila milvoides, Spix ? 
Spix, Av. Bras. i. pl.1,d? Le Vaill, Ois. d’Afr.i. pl. 20. 
From the river Truando. ‘Only observed in trees on the Rio Truando, about 
40 or 50 miles from the Cordilleras.” (Mr. C.J. Wood). 


5. UrRvpitinca Mexicana, Du Bus. 
Morphnus mexicanus, Du Bus, Bull. Acad. Brussels, 1847, p. 102. 
From the delta of the Atrato. Specimens of this little known species are 
quite identical with others from Mexico in the museum of this Academy. It is 
accurately described by the Viscount Du Bus as above cited. 


6. IpyoreR aquitinus, (Gmelin). 
Falco aguilinus, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 280, (1788). 
Buff. Pl. Enl. 417, Vieill. Gal. i. pl. 6. 
From Turbo, on the Atlantic, and the river Truando, near the Cordilleras. 
“‘ Abundant in the vicinity of the village of Turbo, but less numerous in the 
interior. Always seen in trees, and utters a very disagreeable note bearing 
some resemblance to the gobdle of the male Turkey.” (Mr. C. J. Wood). 


7. NYcCTIDROMUS GUIANENSIS, (Gmelin). 
Caprimulgus guianensis, Gm. Syst. Nat. ii. p. 1030, (1788). 
Caprimulgus albicollis, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 585, (1790). 
Buff. Pl. Enl. 733. 
From Turbo. 
Smaller than WV. americanus, but much resembling that species. 


8. PRoGNE CHALYBEA, (Gmelin)? 
Hirundo chalybea, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 1026, (1788)? 
Young birds from Carthagena, very difficult to recognize, but much resem- 
bling the species I understand to be as here given. 


9. CorynE FLAVIGASTRA, (Vieillot). 
Hirundo flavigastra, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xiv. p. 534, (1817). 
Hirundo jugularis, De Wied. 
Temm. Pl. Col. 161, fig. 2. 
From Carthagena and the river Truando. 


10. Ceryne TorQuaTA, (Linnzus). 
Alcedo torquata, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 180, (1766). 
Buff. Pl. Enl. 284. 

From the rivers Atrato and Truando. 

Numerous specimens in the collection of the Expedition, which are exclusive- 
ly adults, in fine plumage. 

‘‘ Very abundant in the immense swamps on the Atrato and Truando, alight- 
ing on the low trees, and uttering a loud shrill note. Catches small fishes 
apparently very easily, on account of their abundance, and returns to the tree.” 
(Mr. C. J. Wood). 


11. CrryLe amazona, (Latham). 
Alcedo amazona, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 257, (1790). 
Alcedo vestita, Dumont. 
Du Bois, Orn. Gal. pl. 85. 
From the river Nercua. 


12, Crryue inpa, (Linnzus). 
Alcedo inda, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 179, (1766). 
Alcedo viridirufa, Bodd. Tab. Pl. Enl. p. 36, (1783). 
Alcedo bicolor, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 451, (1788). 
Edwards, Glean. vii. pl. 355. Buff. Pl. Enl. 592. 
From Turbo. 
Common enough in South American collections, but never quite correctly 


1860.] 


134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


named in catalogues, nor hardly elsewhere. Naturalists evidently overlook 
the solemn fact that Linneus gives the habztat of his species as above cited, 
‘‘in India occidentali’”! The name inda seems to have been understood to mean 
a far distant country, beyond the Ganges, and evidently misled even Boddert 
and Gmelin, but is strictly applicable to this bird. It can readily be recog- 
nized from the descriptions and Edwards’ figure above cited. 

‘One specimen seen in a salt water marsh, near the village of Turbo, very 
quiet and easily approached.” (Mr. C. J. Wood). 


13. CERYLE SUPERCILIOSA, (Linnzus). 
Alcedo superciliosa, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 179, (1766). 
Edwards, Glean. v. pl. 245, Buff. Pl. Enl. 756, fig. 2, 3. 
From Turbo. 
‘In a salt water marsh, almost in the village of Turbo, one specimen only 
seen perched in a bush, which was obtained without difficulty, being very 
unsuspicious.” (Mr. C. J. Wood). 


14. JACAMEROPS GRANDIS, (Gmelin). 
Alcedo grandis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 458, (1766.) 
Le Vaill. Jacamars, pl. 54. 
From the river Truando. 
“ First camp after leaving the Atrato, and the only time that this bird was 
noticed. Sits in a tree and darts after insects like a fly-catcher.” (Mr. C. J. 
Wood). 


15. GALBULA RUFICAUDA, Cuvier. 
Galbula ruficauda, Cuv. Reg. An. i. p. 420, (1817). 
Le Vaill. Jac. pl. 50, Vieill. Gal. i. pl. 29. 
From the river Nercua. 
One specimen only, in bad condition, which appears to be this species, 
but is darker chestnut brown on the abdomen, than other specimens now before 
me. 


16. Bucco ruFIcoLuis, Lichtenstein. 
** Bucco ruficollis, Licht.” Wagler, Isis, 1829, p. 658. 
Tamatia bicincta, Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1836, p. 80? 
Tamatia gularis, D’Orb. et Lafres. Rev. Zool. 1838, p. 166 ? 
From the river Truando. 
‘Seen once only, at the first camp on the Truando, after leaving the Atrato.” 
(Mr. C. J. Wood). 
For all that I can see this is the young of B. bicincta, Gould, as above, with 
which B. gularis, D’Orb, appears to be synonymous. 


17. MaLacopTina PANAMENSIS, Lafresnaye. 
Malacoptila panamensis, Lafres. Rev. Zool. 1847, p. 79. 
From the river Truando. 
“ Very quiet and inactive, starting out occasionally from its perch to capture 
an insect, and then returning.” (Mr. C. J. Wood). 


18. MoNASA PALLESCENS, nobis. 

Rather larger than any other known species; wing rather long, fifth quill 
longest ; tail moderate, with the feathers wide. Front and lores white, entire 
head, quills, upper and under tail coverts black, with a greenish lustre, (no 
white on the chin nor throat), upper and under wing coverts, back, rump and 
under parts of body cinereous; very light on upper wing coverts, and darker 
on the back; bill red, sexes alike. 

Total length about 11 inches, wing 53, tail 5 inches. 

Hab. Cordilleras mountains on the river Truando, New Grenada. In Nation- 
al Museum and Mus. Acad. Philadelphia. Discovered by Mr. Chas. J. Wood 
and Mr. Wm. 8. Wood, Jr. 

(April, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 135 


This is a remarkable and apparently new species of Monasa, strictly of the 
same group, and related to M. Morphoeus (=albifrons and personata) and M. pe- 
ruana. Like those species, the present bird hasa conspicuous white frontal 
band, which reaches very nearly from one eye to the other, bnt it differs from 
those species in being without any white whatever on the throat. It is, how- 
ever, easily distinguished from all known species, by the cinereous color of the 
body above and below and wing coverts ; which color is very light, and in some 
specimens nearly white on the whole of the upper wing coverts, and but slightly 
darker on the under wing coverts. Several specimens labelled as both sexes 
are in the collection from the river Truando. 

Stated by Messrs. W. S. and C. J. Wood, to have been seen once only in the 
Cordilleras on the river Truando, in January, 1858. A party of eight or ten 
specimens was observed sitting very quietly in a tree at some distance from the 
ground, and being quite regardless of the gun or the presence of man, several 
were obtained. Specimens labelled as females are slightly larger than those 
stated to be males.* 


19. Trogon Massena, Gould. 
Trogon Massena, Gould, Monog. Trogonide, (1838). 
Gould, Mon. Trog. pl. 16. 
From the Truando, and also from the delta of the Atrato. 
All the specimens in the collection are of young birds in but indifferent con- 
dition, amongst which one specimen may be the young of 7. macrourus. 


*The following species of Monasa are in the Museum of this Academy : 


1. Monasa atra, (Boddert). 
Cuculus ater, Bodd. Tab. PJ. Enl. p. 30, (1783). 
Cuculus tranguillus, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 417, (1788). 
Bucco cinereus, Gm. Syst. Nat. i, p. 409, (1788). 
Corvus australis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 377, (1788). 
Bucco calcaratus, Lath. Ind. Orn, i. p. 206, (1790). 
Corvus affinis, Shaw, Gen. Zool. vii. p. 381, (1809). 

Buff, Pl. Enl. 512, Le Vaill. Barbets, pl. 44, 45. 


2. Monasa MorRpHoEus, (Wagler). 
Bucco morphoeus, Wagler, Hahn’s Voegel, Asien. Africa, &c. pt. xiv. (1822). 
** Bucco Jeucops, Ill.” Licht. Verz. p. 8, (1823). 
Bucco albifrons, Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 53, (1824). 
Monasa personata, Vieill. Gal. i. p. 23, (1825). 
Hahn, Voegel, pt. xiv. pl. 2. Spix. Av. Bras. i. pl. 41, fig. 1, Vieill. Gal. i. pl. 36 
Swans. B, of Braz. pl. 12. 


3. MoNASA NIGRIFRONS, (Spix.). 
Bucco nigrifrons, Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 53, (1824). 
Lypornix unicolor, Wagler. Syst. Av. (1827, not paged). 
Spix. Av. Bras. i. pl. 41, fig. 2. 


4. Monasa AxILuanis, (Lafresnaye). 
Monasa axillaris, Lafres. Rev. et Mag. Zool. April, 1850, p. 216. 
Monasa flavirostris, Strickland, Jard. Contr, April, 1850. 
Jard. Contr, 1850, pl. (not numbered). 

It would require nice discrimination to determine with certainty the priority of either 
of the above names. My impression is that M. Lafresnaye’s name is entitled rather to 
preference, because it bears an unmistakeable date, which the other does not, but requires 
to be determined by examination or approximation, 


5. MONASA PERUANA, Verreaux. 
“« Monasa peruana, Bp. et Verr.” label on spec. from M. Verreaux. 
_ Monasa peruana, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 194. 
_ This is very closely allied to the now well known M. morphoeus, and scarcely dis- 
tinguishable without specimens of both. A specimen bearing M. Verreaux’s label is in 
the Acad. Coll., and is therefore entirely reliable as this species. 


6. MoNnASA PALLESCENS, Cassin. 


1860.] 


136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


20. TROGON MELANOPTERUS, Swainson. 
Trogon melanopterus, Sw. Cab. Cy. p. 332, (1838). 
Gould, Mon. pl. 10, 11. 
From the river Truando. 
One specimen only in adult plumage. 


21. Trogon atricottis, Vieillot. 
Trogon atricollis, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. viii. p. 318, (1817). 
Gould, Mon. pl. 8. 
Falls of the Truando. 
‘In the Cordilleras on the Rio Truando. Seen once only, very unsuspicious 
and easily shot.” (Mr. C.J. Wood). 


22. Momorus Marti, (Spix). 
Prionites Martii, Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 64, (1824). 
Momotus semirufus, Sclater, Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1853, p. 489? 
Spix, Av. Bras. i. pl. 60. 
From the river Nercua. 
One specimen in adult plumage, labelled as a male bird. 


23. CRYPTICUS PLATYRHYNCHUS, (Leadbeater). 
Momotus platyrhynchus, Leadb. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xvi. p. 92, (1829). 
Crypticus Martii, Bonap. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1837, p. 119. 
dard. and Selby, Ill. Orn. iii. pl. 106. 

From the Cordilleras on the river Nercua. 

In adult plumage, and in colors singularly resembling the preceding, but 
with the bill differently formed, and affording strong generic distinctions. 
This is probably the first time that these two birds, which have much per- 
plexed naturalists, have ever occurred in the same collection. Both are 
labelled as from the same locality, and I am informed by Mr. C. J. Wood, that 
they inhabit the forests on the river Nercua, on the western side of the Cor- 
dilleras. 


24, Rampuastos Tocarpvus, Vieillot. 
Ramphastos Tocard. Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xxxiv. p. 280. 
Ramphastos Swainsonii, Gould. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1833, p. 69. 
Gould, Mon. Ramph. pl. 4. 
From the River Nercua. 


25. RAMPHASTOS CARINATUS, Swainson. 
Ramphastos carinatus, Sw. Zool. Ill. i. p. (pl. 45, not paged.) 
Gould, Monog. pl. 2. 
River Nercua. One specimen only, in mature plumage, from the western 
side of the Cordilleras on the River Nercua. 
26. PrEROGLOSSUS ERYTHROPYGIUS, Gould. 
Pteroglossus erythropygius, Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1843, p. 15. 
Gould, Monog. pl. 21, Zool. Voy. Sulphur, pl. 28. 

From the River Truando. Specimens labelled as both sexes are in the col- 
lection. The females are smaller, and in both sexes there is some variation in 
the color of the bill as noticed by Mr. Gould, the white being in these specimens 
more extended in the females. 

27. SELENIDERA SPECTABILIS, Cassin. 
Selenidera spectabilis, Cass. Proc. Acad. Philada. 1857, p. 214. 
Jour. Acad. Philada. iv. pl. 1. 

From the falls of the River Truando. 

Both sexes of this species, in excellent plumage and preservation are in the 
collection from the Cordilleras on the River Truando. They are, however, pre- 
cisely similar to Mr. Mitchell’s specimens described by me as above cited, 
though the occurrence of this little-known species again, and at another locali- 
ty, is a point of interest. 

(April, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 137 


28. ARA MILITARIS, (Linnzus). 
Psittacus militaris, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 139, (1766). 
Le Vaill. Parrots, pl. 6, Edward’s Glean. vii. pl. 313. 
From the River Nercua in the Cordilleras mountains. 


29. ARA ARARAUNA, (Linnzus). 
Psittacus ararauna, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 139, (1766). 
Le Vaill. Parr. pl. 3, Lear, Parr. pl. 8. 
From the mouth of the Atrato, Gulph of Uraba. 


30. ARA SEVERA, (Linnzus). 
Psittacus severus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 140, (1766). 
Le Vaill. Parr. pl. 8, 9, 16, Edward’s Glean. v. pl. 229. 
Mouth of the River Nercua. 


31. Conurus PerTinax, (Linnzus). 
Psittacus pertinax, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 142, (1766). 
Le Vaill. Parr. pl. 34, Edw. Glean. yv. pl. 234. 
Carthagena. 


32. Conurus tovi, (Gmelin). 
Psittacus tovi, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 351, (1788). 
Bourj. St. Hil. Parr. pl. 48. 
From the River Atrato. 


33. PsirracuLa cyANopTErRA, (Boddert). 
Psittacus cyanopterus, Bodd. Tab. Pl. Enl. p. 27, (1783). 
Psittaculus gregarius, Spix. Ay. Bras. i. p. 39, (1824). 
Bourj. St. Hil. Parr. pl. Spix. Av. Bras. i. pl. 34. 
Carthagena. 


34. Dryocopus MaLuerse!, (G. R. Gray). 
Campephilus Malherbii, G. R. Gray, Gen. Birds, ii. p. 436, pl. 108, (1845). 
Malherbe, Monog. Picide, pl. 6. 
From Turbo. ‘ Occasionally seen in the forest at Turbo, very shy and diffi- 
cult to approach.” (Mr. C. J. Wood). 


35. Dryocopus ALBIROSTRIS, (Vieillot). 
Picus albirostris, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xxvi. p. 69, (1818). 
Megapicus albirostris, (Vieill.) Malherbe. 
Malherbe, Monog. Picide, pl. 4. 


36. CELEUS MENTALIS, nobis. 

About the size of C. rufus, occipital feathers somewhat lengthened, third quill 
longest, bill rather short. Male, with a large space on the chin and throat, 
bright scarlet. This space begins nearly on a line with the commissure of the 
bill on each side, covering the chin and throat, and is not divided in the mid- 
dle, but is integral. 

Head and upper parts of body dark cinnamon, many feathers having semi- 
circular and crescent shaped spots of black, rump and upper tail coverts lighter. 
Quills brownish black, barred with dark cinnamon, tail brownish black, all the 
feathers of which are barred with dull yellowish cinnamon color. Underparts 
of body yellowish cinnamon, lighter than the back and with the black spots 
much more numerous, every feather havi-g nearly complete semicircular and 
crescent shaped bands of black. Under wing coverts uniform dark cinnamon, 
not spotted, axillaries dark cinnamon with afew imperfect bands of deep black. 
Bill bluish horn color, under mandible lighter. Female, much like the male, 
but having no red patch on the throat and the black spots on the under parts 
not sO numerous. 

Total length about 8 inches, wing 43, tail 13 inches. 

Hab.—Turbo and Atrato River, New Grenada. Discovered by Messrs. Wm. 
S. and Chas. J. Wood, Spec. in Nat. Mus. Washington. 


1860.] 


138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Of this Woodpecker, I have found no description nor figure which seemed to 
approach it, except Picus undatus of authors figured by Edwards, pl. 332. itis 
nearly the size and of the same general colors as that species, but instead of 
two patches of red on the cheeks as described and figured in P. undatus, the 
present bird has a single large patch completely enclosing a space on the 
throat around the base of the lower mandible, similar to that in the common 
Picus varius of the United States. This character I cannot trace in any other 
species of this genus. 

This bird belongs to the same subgeneric group as Celeus rufus, which seems 
to have no name, though readily defined. 


37. CroTopHaGa MaJoR, Brisson. 
Crotophaga major, Brisson, iv. p. 180, (1760). 
Buff. Pl. Enl. 102. 
From the River Atrato. 


38. CyaNnocorax PILEATUS, (Temminck). 
Corvus pileatus, Temm. PI. Col. (liv. 10.) 
Temm. Pl. Col. 58. 
From the rivers Truando aud Nercua. “In flockson the high trees on the 
Truando before reaching the mountains. Very shy and noisy, calling out 
loudly whenever an attempt was made to approach them. (Mr. C.J. Wood). 


39. QUISCALUS MACROURUS, Swainson. 
Quiscalus macrourus, Sw. Cab. Cy. p. 299, (1838). 
Rept. U. S. and Mex. Bound. Survey, Birds, pl. 20. 
From Turbo and Carthagena. ‘In parties of ten or a dozen feeding on ber- 
ries along the sea shore. Abundant, especially at Carthagena, and noisy, but 
not easily shot.” (Mr. C. J. Wood). 


40. OcyaLus Wacuert, (G. R. Gray). 
Cacicus Wagleri, G. R. Gray, Gen. Birds, ii. p. 342, (1845). 
Gray’s Genera, ii. pl. 85. 
From the rivers Truando and Nercua. Specimens of both sexes in mature 
plumage, the females being much the smaller. 


41. OstTinops cristatus, (Gmelin). 
Oriolus cristatus, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 387, (1788). 
Sw. B. of Bras. pl. 32, Buff. Pl, Enl. 328. 
From Turbo and the Atrato River. 
‘In company with smaller species along the Atrato, and seemed to be feed- 
ing on the fruit of a tree which grew plentifully on the edge of the water. 
Unsuspicious and easily approached.” (Mr. C. J. Wood). 


42. OsTINOPS GUATIMOZINUS, Bonaparte. 
Ostinops guatimozinus, Bonap. Compte Rend., 1853, p. 833. 

Large, resembling O. Montezumae and O. bifasciatus, but larger than either, 
darker colored, and with the crest feathers much longer and more slender. 
Male.—Head, under parts of body and tibia brownish black, under tail 
coverts chestnut brown, same as the back. Entire upper parts of body, wing 
coverts and outer webs of quills purplish chestnut brown. Tail graduated, 
two middle feathers brownish black, all others yellow. Naked space below 
the eye completely divided by a line of short imbricated feathers nearly ona 
line with the lower edge of the lower mandible. Crest long and composed of 
very narrow feathers. Bill wide at base in front, high and compressed, 
pointed, basal two-thirds black, terminal one-third light colored (red?). Total 
length about 214 inches, wing 104, tail 84 inches. Crest feathers 3 inches, bill 
from gape 34 inches. 

Hab.—River Truando, New Granada. 

One specimen, labelled as a male, in the collection of the Expedition is dis- 


[ April, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 139 


tinct from any species ir Acad. Coll. or that we find described, except as above. 
It is nearly allied to O. Montezwmae of Mexico and Central America, and O. 
bifasciatus of Northern Brazil, both of which are in the Acad. Coll. and are 
distinct from each other. 

The present bird differs from both of the above species in being larger, 
darker colored and having a lengthened almost filiform crest. The bill also is 
disproportionately longer and wider at base, with a rounded termination in 
front. It is not without scruples that I apply the name above to this bird; the 
description by the Prince Bonaparte, as cited, not being sufficient for the recog- 
nition of any species nearly related to another.* 

“At Camp Abert, on the Truando, before reaching the Cordilleras, one 
specimen only seen, which was shot; it was very shy and seemed to bea stranger.” 
(Mr. C. J. Wood.) 


43. Cassicus 1cTERoNoTUs, Vieillot. 
Cassicus icteronotus, Vieill. 
Sw. B. of Braz., pl. 3. 

From Turbo and the delta of the Atrato River. ‘Very abundant at Turbo, 
builds many nests on the same tree, which are long and hanging, and entered 
from the top. Always seen in large parties and very noisy, especially in the 
morning, although their notes are rather agreeable.” (Mr. C. J. Wood). 


44, Cassicus curysonotvs, Lafresnaye? 
Cassicus chrysonotus, Lafres. 
D’Orb. Voy. Am. Mer. Ois. pl. 52? 
From Turbo. A single specimen in young plumage appears to be this species. 


45. Cassicus URoPYGIALIS, Lafresnaye? 
Cassicus uropygialis, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 290? 
Falls of the River Truando. 
Specimens not mature nor in good condition appear to be this species. 


*The three nearly allied species are as follows: 


1. OsTINOPS BIFASCIATUS, (Spix). 
Cassicus bifasciatus, Spix, Av. Bras., i. p. 65 (1824). 
Spix, Av. Bras., i. pl. 61. 

Naked space on the cheek, integral (not divided as in the two succeeding species). 
Crest feathers rather long, not so narrow nor so long as in O. guatimozinus, but longer 
than in O. Montezumae. Head and breast brownish black, entire upper parts of body, 
abdomen, under tail coverts and tibie light chestnut brown, tail yellow, central two 
feathers dark brown. Total length, male 18 to 20 inches. Naked space on cheek pre- 
cisely as figured by Spix as above cited, which figure is sufficiently accurate. T'wo 
specimens from Para, in Acad. Coll. 


2. Ostinops MontEzuMAgE, (Lesson). 
Cacicus Montezumae, Less. Cent. Zool. p. 33, (1830). 
Less. Cent. Zool. pl. 7, Gervais, Atlas de Zool. pl. 33. 

Naked space on the cheek partially divided by a line of short imbricated features 
above the lower edge of the lower mandible. Crest feathers short and inconspicuous, 
shorter than in either of the other species here described. Plumage much as in preced- 
ing, but with the thie brownish black. Total length, male, about 20 inches. Naked space 
on cheek accurately represented in both plates above cited, which are otherwise very 
accurate. Nine specimens in Acad. Coll. including Lesson’s original which is labelled as 
from Mexico, others are from Nicaragua. 


3. OsTINOPS GUATIMOZINUS, Bonaparte. 
Ostinops guatimozinus, Bonap. Compt. Rend. 1853, p. 833. 

Naked space on cheek completely divided by a line of short, imbricated feathers nearly 
on a line with the lower edge of lower mandible. Crest feathers Jong and pendant. 
Jonger than in either of the preceding. Plumage generally resembling that of both the 
preceding, but darker, entire under parts brownish black, «bie black. ‘Total length 21 to 
22 inches. One specimen in National Museum, Washington, 


1860. 


140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


46. IcrERUS MESOMELAS (Wagler). 
Psarocolius mesomelas, Wag]. 
Lesson, Cent. Zool. pl. 22. 
From the River Atrato. 


47. Icrerus Giraupu, Cassin. 
Icterus Giraudii, Cass. Proc. Acad. Philad’a, iii. p. 332 (1847). 
Journ. Acad. Philad’a, i. pl. 17. 

From the Rivers Truando and Nercua and the ‘‘ Shores of the Pacific.” 

Several specimens differing somewhat in size are from the Cordilleras and 
the western coast, until quite reaching the Pacific Ocean. One specimen 
obtained by Mr. W. S. Wood, Jr., is labelled ‘Shores of the Pacific.” 

“Tn bushes and low trees on the Truando, and has very pleasant notes of the 
same general character as those of the Baltimore Oriole. Solitary and rather 
wild.’ (Mr. C. J. Wood). 


48. XANTHORNUS AFFINIS, Lawrence. 
Xanthornus affinis, Lawr. Am. Lyc. New York, 1851, p. 113. 
From the Atrato. A single specimen in adult male plumage. 


49. EuspizA AMERICANA (Gmelin). 
Emberiza americana, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 872 (1788). 
Wilson, Am. Orn. i. pl. 3. Aud. B. of Am. pl. 384, Oct. ed. iii. pl. 156. 
From Turbo. ‘In flocks early in April, about grassy places at Turbo, and 
seen for one day only.” (Mr. C. J. Wood). 


50. Pirytus arossus (Linneus). 
Loxia grossa, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 307 (1766). 
Buff. Pl. Enl. 154, 
From the Falls of the River Truando. ‘In the mountains and seen once 
only. Has aloud, musical note similar to that of the Cardinal bird of the 
United States.” (Mr. C. J. Wood). 


51. SatTaToR muTUs, Sclater? 
Saltator mutus, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 1856, p. 72? 
Tanagra superciliaris, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 44, pl. 47? 
From Carthagena. ‘On the ‘Popa’ mountain at Carthagena.” 
Specimens in young plumage not for us easily identified. 


52, ARREMON ScHLEGELI, Bonaparte. 
Arremon Schlegeli, Bonap. Consp. Av. i. p. 488 (1850). 
From Carthagena. Very fine specimens of this beautiful little bird, in adult 
plumage. 
“In the high grass on the sea shore at Carthagena on the seed of which it 
appeared to feed. Notes and habits generally resembled those of the Sparrows 
of the United States, not abundant and difficult to obtain.” (Mr. C. J. Wood). 


53. PyrRaANGA AESTIVA (Gmelin). 
Tanagra aestiva, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 889 (1788). 
Wilson, Am. Orn. i. pl. 6, Aud. B. of Am. pl. 44, Oct. ed. iii. pl. 208. 
From Turbo. “In the forrest at Turbo, early in April, seen once only.” 


54. ORTHOGONYS OLIVACEUS, nobis. 

Form short and robust, bill rather wide at base, upper mandible with a dis- 
tinct tooth-like lobe about the middle of its cutting edge, wing moderate, 
fourth quill slightly longest, tail moderate or rather short. Male.—Front and 
line extending over and around the eye bright yellow. Throat, middle of 
abdomen, edge of wing at shoulders and under wing coverts greenish yellow. 
Upper parts of head and body dark olive green, under parts olive green tinged 
with yellowish, the latter color more apparent in the middle, under tail coverts 


[April, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 141 


greenish yellow. Quills brownish black, with their outer webs dark olive, 
uniform with the back, tail dark olive, inner webs of outer feathers greenish 
brown. The yellow on the throat somewhat striped or spotted with dark olive. 
Bill bluish horn color, legs lighter. Sexes similar. 

Total length about 63 inches, wing 34, tail 23 inches. 

Hab.—Cordilleras Mountains, on the Kiver Truando, New Granada. Discov- 
ered by Mr. W. S. Wood, Jr., and Mr. C. J. Wood, attached to U. 8S. Expedition 
for surveying the River Atrato, in command of Lieut. N. Michler, U.S. Topog. 
Engineers. Spec. in Nat. Mus., Washington. 

This is a curious bird and has not a little puzzled the present writer. My 
impression is that it is an undescribed genus related to /cferza and more so to 
Orthogonys aud not unlike some species of Pyranga. At present I rate it as an 
Orthogonys to which it quite as much belongs as Pyranga cyanictera of authors 
at least, of which there are several specimens in the Academy collection. 

Mr. ©. J. Wood states that this bird inhabits low trees and bushes in the 
Cordilleras, on the Rio Truando, and could be constantly heard at some local- 
ities, though not so easily seen. Its notes are loud and much varied, bearing a 
general resemblance to those of the Chat of North America (leteria viridis). It 
appeared to be very active and lively, constantly flying about the bushes and 
changing its position. 

55. TANAGRA CANA, Swainson. 
Tanagra cana, Sw. B. of Braz. p. 2, (1841). 
Sw. B. of Braz. pl. 37. 

From Turbo. 

‘‘Abundant in the orange and lime trees at Turbo, and in gardens and 
other cultivated localities at Carthagena. Note only a single chirp and very 
unsuspicious and easily shot.’? (Mr. C. J. Wood). 


56. RAMPHOCELUS IcTERONOTUS, Bonaparte. 
Ramphocelus icteronotus, Bonap. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1836, p. 121. 
Du Bus, Esq. Orn. pl. 15. 
From Turbo and the rivers Atrato and Truando. 
‘** Always observed frequenting one kind of tree, that grows along streams 
of water, on the fruit of which it feeds. Abundant on the Rio Truando in the 
month of March.’’ (Mr. C. J. Wood). 


57. RAMPHOCELUS DImIDIATUS, Lafresnaye. 
Ramphocelus dimidiatus, Lafres. Mag. Zool. 1837, p. (not paged). 
Guerin’s Mag. Zool. 1837, pl. 81. 
From Turbo. 
‘* Abundant in April in the bushes and low trees in the drier parts of the 


forest. Solitary but constantly seen, and heard only to utter a single chirp. 
(Mr. C. J. Wood). 


58. Evcomeris cristata, (Du Bus). 
Pipilopsis cristata, Du Bus, Bull. Acad. Brussels, 1855, p. 154. 

From the river Truando. 

‘¢ At the first camp on the Truando after leaving the Atrato. In the bushes 
and low trees, very shy, and seen once only in a party of three together. 
Sings very pleasantly, and very ioud for the size of the bird.’”? (Mr. C. J. 
Wood). 


59. TacuypHonus Luctuosus, D’Orb. et Lafres. 
Tachyphonus luctuosus, D’Orb. et Lafres. Mag. Zool. 1837, p. 29. 
D’Orb. Voy. Am. Mer. Ois. Pl. 20. 
From the Truando. 
‘* Obtained during our encampment in the mountains, on the Rio Truando. 
In the high trees, and rarely seen, and very shy and active. Male black, 
female brown.’’ (Mr. C. J. Wood). 


1860.] 


142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


60. TacnypHonus DE Larrret, Lafresnaye. 
Tachyphonus De Lattrei, Lafres. Rev. Zool. 1847, p. 72. 

Falls of the Truando. 

‘* Seen once only, in the bushes on the bank of the Rio Truando, in the 
month of March. About twenty specimens which seemed to be in company, 
were noticed and several obtained, though they were very shy and not easily 
approached. All chattered together like a flock of blackbirds, and appeared 
to be feeding on a berry that was abundant.’’ (Mr. C. J. Wood). 


61. TAcHYPHONUS XANTHOPYGIUS, Sclater. 
Tachyphonus xanthopygius, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1354, p. 158. 
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1854, pl. 69, 1855, pl. 90. 

From the Truando. 

The male only, of this handsome ard remarkable species, precisely as figured 
by Mr. Sclater. 

‘<The wildest bird I met with in the whole journey. A portion of the sur- 
veying party remained fifteen days at a camp in the Cordilleras, on the Rio 
Truando, where only this bird was obtained, and was so very shy and watch- 
ful, that it was with difficulty obtained. Three specimens were together and 
were observed to always resort to one tree to roost, and constantly frequenting 
the highest trees. Very active and perpetually on the move from one tree to 
another, notes loud and musical, somewhat like those of the Baltimore Oriole 
of the United States.”’ (Mr. C. J. Wood). 


62. TacuyPHoNus ? 

Falls of the Truando. ‘ 

One specimen labelled as a female, but which is of no species with which 
I am acquainted, nor find described. Not having the male I do not venture a 
description. 


63. CALLISTE FRANCESCE, (Lafresnaye). 
Aglaia Fanny, Lafres. Rev. Zool. 1847, p. 72. 
Des Murs. Icon. Orn. pl. 56. 
From Turbo. 
‘In a tree that grows along streams of water, on the fruit of which it feeds. 
Rather shy and not easily approached, very quick and active.’’ (Mr. C. J. 
Wood). 


64. CALLISTE INORNATA, Gould. 
Calliste inornata, Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 158. 
Sclater, Monog. Calliste, pl. 45. 

From Turbo. 

Probably the female or young, of the preceding, (C. francesce), and given 
by us as distinct, with some reluctance. The specimens in the collection are 
very nearly as described and figured as cited above. 

‘¢In the same tree, and appeared to be in company with the preceding, and 
thought by my brother and myself to be the female of that bird.’’ (Mr. C. J. 
Wood). 


65. CALLISTE LAVINI®, Cassin. 
Calliste Lavinia, Cass. Proc. Acad. Philadelphia, 1858, p. 178. 

From the river Truando. 

We have much gratification in finding in the present collection, the second 
specimen that we have ever seen of this interesting little species, though not 
in mature plumage. It bears, however, the characteristic edging of rufous on 
the outer webs of the quilis, and is easily recognised. 

‘‘Shot at camp Toucey, in the mountains on the Rio Truando. In high 
trees, very active and lively, and not easily obtained, though not often seen, 
March, 1858.’? (Mr. C. J. Wood). 


[April, 


« 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 1438 


66. EupHonta FULVIcRISSA, Sclater. 
Euphonia fulvicrissa, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Philada. 1856, p. 276. 
Falls of the Truando. 
‘* At our encampment in the mountains on the Rio Truando, in the high 
trees, and difficult to shoot. Not often seen, and quite shy and watchful.”’ 
(Mr. C. J. Wood). 


67. NEMOSIA AURICOLLIS, Sclater. 
Nemosia auricollis, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. iii. 

From the river Truando. 

*¢ At the first camp on the Truando, before reaching the mountains. In the 
bushes growing abundantly inthe extensive marshes and swamps on that 
river. Appeared to have habits much like those of the Wrens, and constantly 
repeated its notes, so as easily to be followed. (Mr. C. J. Wood). 


68. Lipaueus unrruFus, Sclater. 
Lipaugus unirufus, Sclat. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 385. 
Querula fuscocinerea, Lafres. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 291? 

From Turbo and the river Truando. 

Entire plumage light rufous, darker on the back, and lighter on the under 
parts of the body and under wing coverts; quills and tail rufous cinnamon, 
shafts and inner webs of quills darker. Total length, about 9 inches, wing 5, 
tail 43 inches. Sexes alike. 

Several specimens labelled as both sexes, are from Turbo and the river 
Truando, and all have the appearance of being in young or some peculiar 
seasonal plumage. These specimens are all of an uniform dull rufous, very 
nearly the color of the immature plumage in some species of black Tachyphonus 
which induces me to suppose that the adult of this bird is quite different in 
color from the present specimens. Although undoubtedly of the genus 
Iipaugus, this bird corresponds but indifferently with the last description 
above cited, though it may be that species in the plumage of another season 
than that described. 

“*Tn the dry parts of the forest at Turbo, and in the Cordilleras on the Rio 
Truando, in the lower trees. Frequently seen, but always solitary and silent. 
Sits very quietly in a tree and flies after insects, especially the large coleop- 
terous species, abundant on the route everywhere.’? (Mr. C. J. Wood). 


69. QuERULA CRUENTA, (Boddert). 
Muscicapa cruenta, Bodd. Tab. Pl. Enl. p. 23, (1783). 
Buff. Pl. Enl. 381, Vieill. Gal. pl. 115. 

From Turbo. ‘‘ Very abundant and in large parties in the thick and dry 
parts of the forest at Turbo. Constantly chattering and noisy, frequently 
seen on the ground, and seemed to prefer low bushes. Female entirely black.’’ 
(Mr. C. J. Wood). 


70. SavropHacous Licror, (Lichtenstein). 
Lanius Lictor, Licht. Verz. p. 49, (1823). 
Gray, Genera of B. i. pi. 62. 
From the Rivers Atrato and Truando. 
71. TYRANNUS DOMINICENSIS, Brisson. 
Tyrannus dominicensis, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 394, (1760). 
Aud. B. of Am. pl. 46, Oct. ed. i. pl. 55. 
From Carthagena. 
72. TYRANNUS MELANCHOLICUS, Vieillot. 
Tyrannus melancholicus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xxxv. p. 48, (1819). 
Spix, Av. Bras. ii. pl. 19. 
From Turbo, Carthagena and the River Truando. 


73. MyIaARcHUSs FEROX, (Gmelin). 


1860.] 


144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Muscicapa ferox, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 934, (1788). 
Buff. Pl. Enl. 571, fig. 1. 
Falls of the Truando. 


74. ELAENIA CAYENNENSIS, (Linnzus). 
Muscicapa cayennensis, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 327, (1766). 
Buff. Pl. Enl. 569, fig. 2. 
From Turbo. 


75. SAYORNIS ARDosrIAcuS, (Lafresnaye). 
Tyrannula ardosiaca, Lafres. Rev. Zool. 1844, p. 80. 
Falls of the Truando. ‘‘A pair observed about rocks at the foot of the 
mountains, on the Truando. Had some very pleasing notes and almost a 
continued song, very shy.’? (Mr. C. J. Wood). 


76. Myiosius SULPHUREIPYGIuS, (Sclater). 
Tyrannula sulphureipygia, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 296. 
From the River Truando. 


77. TYRANNULA ALBICEPS, (D’Orb. et Lafres). 
Muscipeta albiceps, D’Orb. et Lafres. Mag. Zool. 1837, p. 47. 
From Carthagena. 


78. TyRANNULA ALBICEPS ? 
Apparently an accidental variety of the preceding, having the back light 
yellow orcanary color. One specimen from Carthagena. 


79. CycLORHYNCHUS BREVIROSTRIS, Cabanis. 
Cyclorhynchus brevirostris, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, p. 249. 
From the River Truando. 


80. PLATYRHYNCHUS CANCROMA, (Lichtenstein). 
Todus cancroma, Licht. Verz. p. 51, (1823). 
Temm. Pl. Col. 12, fig. 2, Sw. Zool. Ill. ii. pl. 115. 
From the Truando. 
‘¢ At Camp Toucey, on the Truando, soon after leaving the Atrato. In the 
high trees and difficult to obtain.’? (Mr. C. J. Wood). 


81. ToprRostRUM CINEREUM, (Linnzus). 
Todus cinereus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 178 (1766). 
Buff. Pl. Enl. 585, fig. 3. 

From Carthagena. 

‘“‘Qccasionally seen on the ‘Popa’ Mountain, near Carthagena, in the 
bushes and low trees, flying out after insects, which it caught on the wing 
with much dexterity, and which were very abundant, mostly small Diptera.” 
(C. J- Wood). 


82. ToDIROSTRUM NIGRICEPS, Sclater. 
Todirostrum nigriceps, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 66. 
Proc. Zool, Soc. London, 1855, pl. 84. 

From Turbo. 

‘¢In the drier parts of the forest at Turbo, occasionally seen, but not com- 
mon. Caught insects of the same description as the preceding, and resembled. 
it in general habits.’’ (Mr. C. J. Wood). 

83. TopIRosTRUM EXILE, Sclater. 
Todirostrum exile, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Sec. London, 1857, p. 83. 
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1857, pl. 125. 

From Carthagena. 

‘¢In the bushes and low trees, constantly flying after insects, and uttering 
a single chirp, by which it could easily be traced and shot. Frequently seen 
in the month of April.”? (Mr. C. J. Wood). 

(To be continued.) 


(April, 


er 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 145 


May 1st. 


Dr. Lerpy in the Chair. 


Twenty-four members present. 


Dr. Darrach read the following catalogue of Plants collected in flower 
in the neighborhood of Philadelphia, from February to the lst of May, 


amounting to sixty-eight species : 


Plants appearing in Flower, in the neighborhood of Philadelphia, from 


February to 


Kebruary. Symplocarpus feetidus, N. J. 32. 


March. Draba verna. 
April. 
I. RaNUNCULACE. 
1. Anemone nemorosa. 
2. Hepatica triloba. 
3. Thalictrum anemonoides. 
4, ce dioicum. 
5. Ranunculus abortivus. 
6. ts fasicularis. 
Caltha palustris. 
8. Aquilegia Canadensis. 


II. ANONACEA. 
9%, Asimina triloba. 


Ill. PAPAVERACE®. 
id. Sanguinaria Canadensis. 


IV. Fumartace®. 


11. Dicentra cucullaria. 
12. Corydalis aurea. 


V. CRUCIFER2. 
13. Dentaria laciniata. 
14, Cardamine rhomboidea. 
Vb; 4 pratensis. 
16. “ hirsuta. 
Ce at v. Virginica. 
18. Arabis ludoviciana. 
ey ‘hirsuta. 
20. Barbarea vulgaris. 
21. Sisymbrium thalianum. 
22. Draba Caroliniana. 
23. Capsella bursa-pastoris. 


VI. VioLAcEx. 


24. Viola cucullata. 
25. ‘ villosa. 

26. “  ‘pedata. 

27. “ gagittata, v. 
28. “ Mublenbergii. 
29. “ . blanda. 


VII. CaryorpHyLiacee. 


30. Stellaria media. 
Sil a pubera. 


1860.] 


33. 


42. 


Groce 
wre 
Py 


May. 


Cerastium vulgatum. 
ot viscosum. 


VIII. PortuLacace®. 


. Claytonia Virginica. 


IX. LIMNANTHACER. 


. Flerkea proserpinacoides. 


X. SAPINDACER. 
SUBORDER III. ACERINER. 


5, Acer dasycarpum. 


we rubrum. 


XI. Rosacesm. 


. Potentilla Canadensis. 
. Fragaria Virginiana. 
. Amelanchier Canadensis. 


XII. SaxiFRaGACEsA. 


. Saxifraga Virginiensis. 


Mitella diphylla. 


. Chrysosplenium Americanum. 


XII. UmMBe.tirere. 


. Cherophyllum procumbens. 


XIV. ARALIACEA. 
Aralia trifolia. 


XV. RUBIACER. 


. Oldenlandea coerulea. 


XVI. Composira. 


. Erigeron bellidifolium, in plaees 


exposed to the sun. 


. Antennaria plantaginifolia. 
. Taraxacum dens-leonis. 


XVII. Ericacra. 


. Epigzea repens. 


Cassandra calyculata. 


XVIII. ScropHutariace®. 


53. Veronica serpyllifolia. 


Pedicularis Canadensis. 


XIX. LABIATA: 


Lamium amplexicaule. 
‘¢  purpureum. 


146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


XX. BorRaGInace®. XXV. Myricacez. 


57. Lithospermum arvense. 64. Comptonia asplenifolia. 
XXVI. ARACE. 


y 65. Arisema triphyllum. 
af Hs tae ae 66. Orontium aquaticum. 
59: xidanthera barbulata. 
: y XXVIII. Linuiacem. 


XXI. PoLeMoNIACEA. 


XXII. GENTIANACEA, 67. Erythroneum Americanum 
60. Obolaria Virginica. XXVIII. Mevantoace. 
XXUI. ARIsTOLocHIACE®. 68. Hellonias bullata. 


61, Asarum Canadense. In all—68 species. 
In addition, 


XXIV. Lavrackz. Viola rotundafolia. 


62. Sassafras officinale. Acer saccharinum. 
63. Benzoin odoriferum, Diospyros Virginiana. 


May Sth. 
Mr. Lea, President, in the Chair. 


Forty-four members present. 

The following papers were presented for publication : 

‘‘ Contributions to American Lepidopterology, No. 4,” by Bracken- 
ridge Clemens, M. D. 

“ Notes on American Land Shells, No. 6,” and “ Descriptions of new 
species of Pulmonata,”’ by Wm. G. Binney; and 

“A list of the fresh-water Shells of Wisconsin,” by J. A. Lapham. 

And were referred to Committees. 

Mr. Aubrey H. Smith read the following extracts from a letter from 
Mr. Alex. H. Smith, of Solano Co. , California, dated March 25th, 1860, 
on the habits of the Beaver. 


‘“This winter I have had an opportunity of observing somewhat the habits of 
the Beaver. You know that this cunning little animal is famed for his industry 
and bold engineering. About the middle of our land there is a large slough 
seveaty feet wide and very deep, running back into the country. In the pro- 
gress of our work, it became necessary to stop it off and lay a large sluice to 
drain it, which was done in 1 complete manner. 

At the head of the slough, two miles away, the beavers had their settlement. 
When the water fell away from their houses and would not return, as usual, 
they seemed to have sent a delegation down to see what was the matter. For 

- several successive mornings we found a dam built across the race leading to 
the sluice, quite skilfully made with sticks and ¢u/és, and cemented with mud. 
One of the men agreed to watch for them with the hope of securing their skins, 
which are of some value. The night was bright moonlight. Four beavers 
came down examining either bank carefully. One of the party always remained 
in the water and seemed to be the commander, and would turn from the one to 
the other to see that each did his duty. At length they reached the dam, stil! 
observing the same caution. The three examiners came out and went all over 
it and into the sluice, chattering the while to their companion in the water. 
‘Finally they seemed satisfied that it was past their skill and went off. Since 


[May, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 147 


then we have had no further trouble with them. When the man was asked 
why he did not shoot, he said, ‘he did’nt want to shoot the pretty little cree- 
ters, he wanted to see what they were going to do.’ I could not help being 
pleased with his humanity and love of science.” 


Mr. Lea mentioned that he had recently received a letter from Dr. Showalter 
of Uniontown, Alabama, in which he mentions that specimens of Physa (gyrina) 
Say, which he sent on, were obtained in an open neglected cistern, and in a 
trough of water supplied by an Artesian well ten miles from the town. Dr. S. 
expressed his surprise that these Physe should find their homes so soon at these 
Artesian wells. There are no streams or pools near to these wells, but in a few 
years after they are bored and water supplied, these shells may with certainty 
be found. Mr. Lea went on to mention that he had nearly 30 years ago found 
an undescribed species of Lymnea, accompained by Physa heterostropha Say, in 
a small artificial pond on the high grounds near to the Falls of Schuylkill, 
about four miles north of Market Street, now within the limits of this City. He 
published an account of it in April 1834, in the Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. under 
the name of acuta. The pond was small and dug out for 14 to 2 feet deep, 
simply for the supply of rain water for cattle. Afterwards it dried up and the 
shells were no longer to be obtained there. He never found this Zymnea in, 
any other habitat; but many years subsequently, Dr. Ingalls, of Greenwich, 
N. Y., near to Lake Champlain, sent him several specimens of what he regard- 
ed as a new Lymncea, but which was at once recognised as the acuta, heretofore 
found only in the one habitat near the Falls of Schuylkill. In the minds of 
some zoologists a difficulty exists as to existence of species in such constricted, 
isolated points as mentioned above, but that difficulty in Mr. Lea’s mind was 
done away with under the belief that very young molluscs may be transported 
on the feet of birds from distant points, or on those of cattle going to drink from 
one place to another. The idea of spontaneous generation could not of course 
be for one moment admitted. 


Mr. Lea also read an extract of a letter from Dr. Lewis, of Mohawk, 
N. Y., giving an account of some meteorological phenomena, and exhibited 
a diagram of thermal curves traced by the self-registering thermometer of Dr. 
Lewis. 


Prof. R. E. Rogers stated that he had recently received a letter from Western 
Pennsylvania, communicating the intelligence that some of the Petroleum wells 
had already begun to show a diminished yield of Oil, a fact in confirmation of 
an apprehension which he had expressed at a former meeting of the Academy, 
that when the Artesian borings became more numerous in the favorite localities, 
there was a probability of such a result. 

He regarded the circumstance of even a small reduction in the supply of the 
oil, from any of the wells, at this early stage of the enterprise in that region, 
as very significant, and suggestive of the fear that, remunerative as these 
wells may at present prove to be, it may not be prudent to base permanent 
calculations upon them. 

In connection with the subject, Prof. Rogers described the approved process 
by which the illuminating and lubricating Coal Oils are manufactured, ani! 
detailed the characteristics which seemed to be requisite to render any oil- 
making material profitably available for the purpose. 


1860.] 


148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


May 15th. 


Mr. Lea, President, in the Chair. 


Vifty-three members present. 

The following papers were presented for publication: 

‘‘ Description of a new species of Marginella,” by John H. Redfield. 

“ Descriptions of new organic remains from the Tertiary, Cretaceous 
and Jurassic rocks of Nebraska,” by F. B. Meek and F. V. Hayden. 

And were referred to Committees. 

Dr. Fisher read the following extract of a letter from Mr. J. H. 
Redfield : 


“Mr. J. R. Willis announces that he has discovered, in deep water off the 
coast of Nova Scotia, small specimens of the Waldheimia cranium, hitherto known 
only from Norther: Europe. He has also found Littorina litorea abundant upon 
the rocky shore; near Halifax, the specimens being perfectly undistinguishable 
from English examples.” 


Prof. R. E. Rogers exhibited a modification of Mr. Gore’s apparatus of the 
metallic ball revolving in a circle under the influence of a galvanic current. 

The apparatus consists of two bands of sheet brass, secured parallel and 
within an inch and a half of each other, upon the edge of a board, so as to 
form a miniature railway, on which the ball may rest. 

To give automatic action to the ball, causing it to transverse the rails alter- 
nately to and fro, the ends of the bands are bent slightly upwards. By this 
arrangement, the ball, on approaching the end of its course in one direction, is 
carried by its momentum a little up the inclination, but gravity soon prevail- 
ing, its motion is reversed, and continues in its new direction until the same 
result takes place at the other end. 


The death of Bernard Henry, M. D., who died at sea on the 15th 
April, was announced. 

On motion of Mr. Vaux, the following resolution was unanimously 
adopted : 

Resolved, That the thanks of this Society be presented to H. G. De- 
silver, for the valuable addition to its collection of the fine specimen of 
the Moose presented this evening. 


May 22nd. 
Vice President BripGes in the Chair. 


Forty-four members present. 

The following papers were presented for publication. 

* Catalogue of Birds collected during a survey of a route for a ship 
canal across the Isthmus of Darien, by order of the Government of the 
United States, made by Lieut, N. Michler, U.S. Top. Eng., with 
notes and descriptions of new species,” No. 2, by John Cassin. 

‘‘ Descriptions of some new species of Cretaceous Fossils from South 
America, in the collection of the Academy, by Wm. M. Gabb. 

“ Descriptions of 14 new species of Schizostoma, Anculosa, and 
Lithasia,” by Isaac Lea. 

And were referred to Committees. 


[May, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 149 


Mr. Aubrey H. Smith remarked, that a few days since, whilst he and 
another member of the Academy were crossing a sandy bank, partially covered 
with low bushy pine trees and other undergrowth, near Moorestown, N. J., 
they came across a black snake of about four feet in length, lying near the 
edge of the cover formed by the bushes. At the first alarm, the animal, in- 
stead of escaping along the ground, into the shelter so close at hand, immedi- 
ately, with a rapid gliding motion, ascended among the branches of the pines, 
and reaching their somewhat flattened tops, pressed along from one of them 
to the other at the height of some six or seven feet from the ground, and 
finally rested at length among the horizontal upper branches. The ascent was 
made by him in a direction almost perpendicular, solely by projecting the body 
upward from the ground to the lower branches of the trees, and from them as 
from a new point of support, to those next higher, not deriving any aid 
from the upright trunk of the tree, which he did not seem even to touch. 
When again disturbed by our approach, he did not descend, but retreated with 
the same gliding motion along the top of the pines. It was not till actually 
seized by the hand, that, on his release, he betook himself to flight along the 
ground. 


Mr. Lea called the attention of the members to two very remarkable speci- 
mens of Hehinus, perforating rocks, which he had recently received from Mr. 
Cailliaud, of Nantes, the Egyptian traveller. He also exhibited a specimen ot 
Sandstone from Payta in Peru, which contained Petricola, Lithophagus, &c. He 
reminded the members that he had presented to the Academy a very remarka- 
ble specimen, which he had received about two years since from Mr. Cailliaud, 
being a mass of gneiss which had been perforated by Pholades. When Mr. 
Cailliaud, who had advocated, contrary to the opinion of most naturalists, the 
theory that some of the Molluscs bored the rocks by friction and not by de- 
composition, found that gneiss and granite and other silicious rocks were pene- 
trated by them, he entirely settled that question, for there are no acids known 
which will decompose silex. Mr. Lea remarked that the two specimens now 
on the table were still more remarkable. The smaller one consisted of two 
specimens of ZBehinus lividus, Lam., which had buried themselves in the solid 
granite, one of them having made a circular hole 14 inch deep, and 2 inches 
wide. This specimen came from the granite coast of the Loire-Inférieure. 
The second specimen consisted of quite a congress of individuals of the same 
species, imbedded in a solid mass of hard Silurian Sandstone, from the Bay of 
Douaraenez, in the Department of Finistére. In this beautiful specimen there 
are five individuals nestled in their circular holes, worked out in this hard stone 
by the attrition of their teeth, and there are three holes vacated. The specimen 
is 5 inches by 64, and there being eight holes in all, their circumferences nearly 
impinge on each other. Mr. Cailliaud is entirely satisfied that the boring is 
purely mechanical, that the five teeth are the instruments of exploitation, and 
that it is by the percussion of their points on the rocks that these holes are 
effected. The teeth are inform like the rodents, and constantly increase as 
worn at the outer extremity. He made a hole five millimetres deep and forty 
in circumference with a bundle of the teeth in an hour. One of the colonies 
which he examined wasin a bay, and contained about two thousand holes, each 
one filled, and at low water they were but a short distance below the surface. 
Some of the specimens were not larger than a pea, and probably only five days 
old. The holes were not all made by the present occupants, most of them pro- 
bably being very old and having successive inhabitants. Mr. Cailliaud men- 
tioned in his letter to Mr. Lea that he shortly expected to receive from Guada- 
loupe an oval Echinus which had made its oval hole in the mass of Madreporite. 


Dr. I. I. Hayes stated to the Academy, that his success in New 
York and Boston, in raising funds for his proposed Arctic Expedition, 


1860.] 


150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 
had been so great, that if he could succeed in raising $6000 in this 
city he would be able to sail this year. 


May 29th. 
Mr. LEA, President in the Chair. 


Thirty-eight members present. 

The report of the Biological Department was presented. 

The following resolution, presented by Dr. Leidy on behalf of the 
Curators, was adopted, 

Resolved, That the Publication Committee and the Committee on 
Proceedings, be authorized to exchange as much of the Journal and 
Proceedings of the Academy as can be spared, for the suite of Palzeozoie 
fossils, which have been offered by Mr. J. N. H. Barris. 

The following papers were, on the report of the Committees to whom 
they had been referred, ordered to be published in the Proceedings. 


Notes on American Land Shells. No. 6. 


BY W. G. BINNEY. 


The Catalogue of the Terrestrial Mollusks of North America, commenced in 
the Proceedings of the Academy for November, 1858, and continued in the 
number for July, 1859, is here completed. The list is believed to contain all 
the species described as inhabiting Mexico. I have followed the systematic 
arrangement of Drs. Gray and Pfeiffer in grouping the genera, and the de- 
cisions of the latter in regard to the synonymy. 

Many Central American species will undoubtedly be added to the list when 
their geographical range is better known. The species of the Pacific coast, 
included in the first section of the Catalogue, are omitted here, viz.: Nos. 3, 
‘7, 8, 11, 23, 25, 35, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47. 

For additional species, changes of nomenclature, &c., &c., of the section of 
the United States, see Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. vii., and the 
Remarks on North American Helicide by Mr. T. Bland, in Annals of New 
York Lyceum of Natural History, vol. vi. 


Famitia TESTACELLID A. 252. G.corneola W. G. Bian. vid. 
GLANDINA. 202. 


248. G. candida (Achatina) Shuttl., | 2°24. G. delicatula (Achatina) 
Pf. (olim.) Shuttl., Pf. (olim.) 
Oleacina candida Gr. et Pf., Pf. Oleacina delicatula Gr. et Pf., Pf. 
249. G.Carminensis Mor., Ads.| 253. G. Ghiesbreghti (Achatina) 
' Gen. | JB (elim.) 
Achatina Carminensis Desh. Oleacina Ghiesbreghti Pf. 
Fer., Pf. (olim.) 253a. G.indusiata Pf. 


rosea var. Rve. (46 b.) | 254, G. Isabelli . 
Oleacina Carminensis Gr. et Pf., (olim), anne (Adame) es 


Pf. ; ; Oleacina Isabellina Gr. et Pf., Pf. 
250. G. conularis (Oleacina) Pf. | 255. @. Liebmanni (Achatina) Pf. 


in 


se 


Achatina conularis Pf. (olim.) 


251. G. Cordovana (Oleacina) Pf. 


Achatina Cordovana Pf. (olim.) 


(olim), Chemn. 
Achatina striata Rve. (19.) 
Oleacina Liebmanni Gr, et Pf., Pf. 


[May, 


NATURAL SCIENCES 


256. G. margaritacea (Achatina) 
Pf. (olim.) 
Oleacina margaritacea Pf. 
256a. G. monilifera (Achatina) 
Pf. (olim), Rve. 
Oleacina monilifera Gr. et Pf., Pf. 
257. G. nana (Achatina) Shuttl., Pf. 
(olim.) 
Oleacina nana Gr. et Pf., Pf. 


257a. G. Orizabe# (Achatina) Pf. 
(olim.) 
Oleacina Orizabe Pf. 
258. G. pulchella (Oleacina) Pf. 


259. G. solidula (Achatina) Pf. 
(olim), Chemn., Rve., Desh. in 
Fer. 


Polyphemus solidulus Pf. (olim.) ~ 
Glandina solidula Pf.,(olim), Phil. 
. folliculus Gld. (teste Pf.) 
Oleacina solidula Gr. et Pf., Pf. 
var. Glandina paragramma Mor. 


260. G. Sowerbyana (Achatina) 
Pf. (olim), Rve. 
Oleacina Sowerbyana Gr. et Pf., 
Pf. 


261. G. speciosa (Achatina) Pf. 
(olim.) 
Oleacina speciosa Pf. 


262. G. stigmatica (Achatina) 
Shuttl., Pf. (olim.) 
Oleacina stigmatica Gr. et Pf., Pf. 


263, G. Vanuxemensis Leg, vid. 
206. 


Faminia HELICID A. 
VITRINA. 
264. V. Mexicana Beck. 
SIMPULOPSIS. 
265. 8. Chiapensis Pf. 


266. S. Cordovana Py. 
267. S. Salleana Pf. 


SUCCINEA. 
268. S. brevis Dunk., Pf., Chemn. 
269. S.undulata Say, Pf, Chemn. 


Hex. 
270. H. Ariadne Pf, vid. 79. 


271. H. Berlandieriana Mor.vid. 
84a. 


272. H. bicineta Pf, Chemn., Phil. 
273. H. bicruris Pf. 
1860.] 


OF PHILADELPHIA. Di 


274. H. bilineata Pf, Chemn., Rve. 
Hi. zonites Rve. 615. 


H.caduca Pf., Rve., Chemzn., 
=290? 

-Chiapensis Pf. 
-coactiliata Fer. 
-contortuplicata Beck. 
-Cordovana Pf. 
-Couloni Shuttl., Pf. 


-flavescens Wiegm., Pf., 
Chemn. 

H. fulvoidea Mor., Pf. 

H. Ghiesbreghti Dyst., Pf, 
Rve., Chemn., Desh. in Fer, 

H. griseola Pf. vid. 113, 

H. Guillarmodi Skuttl., Pf., 
Chemn., Rve. 

H. helictomphala P& 

H. Hindsi Pf. vid. 117. 

H. Humboldtiana Val.,Pf., 
Chemn., Rve., Desh. in Fer., 
Phil. 

H. Buffoniana Pf., Phil., Chemn., 
Fer., Rve., Binn. 
H. badiocincta Wiegm. 


275. 


276. 
277. 
278. 
279. 
280. 
281. 


Roe ee 


282. 
283. 


284. 
285. 


286. 
287. 
288. 


289. H.implicata Beck. 

290. H.lucubrata Say, Pf, nec 
Binn. vid. 275. 

291. H. Me xicana Koch., Chemon.. 
PF. E 

292. H. Oajacensis Koch., Chemn.. 
Pf. 

293. H.plagioglossa Pf. 

294. H. Salleana Pf.,Rve., Chemn. 

295; H. stolep hora “Vals, Pf, 


Chemn., Desh., Rve. 
Helicella bupthalmus Fer. 
Helix Lamarkiana (3. Pf. 
Nanina stolephora Pf., Gr. et Pf. 
se bicolor Pf. (olim.) 
296. H. tenuicostata Dunk., 
Chemn., Rve., Pf.. 
297. H. Texasiana Mor. vid. 170. 
298. H.trypanompala P*f. 
299. H. Veracruzensis Pf. 
300. H. zonites Pf, Rve., (excl. 
615.) 
Nanina zonites Gr. 


Buuimvs. 
301. B. alternatus Say, vid. 182. 


132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


302. B.attenuatus Pf., Chemn. 
303. B.aurifluus Pf. 

304 Cordovanus Pf. 

305. coriaceus Pf. 

306. costatostriatus Pf. 


-Droueti Pf. 

-Dunkeri Pf, Ree. 

-emeus Say, Pf. 

.fenestratus Pf, Rve., 
Phil. 

311. B. gnomon Beck. 

312. B. Gruneri Pf, Rve., Chemn. 

313. B. Hegewischi Pf, Ree. 


314. B. Humboldti Pf, Rve. 
B. Mezxicanus Val., nec Lam. 
var. 6. 
var. y. Bulimus primularis Rve., 
Pf. (olim.) 
var. d. 
var. & 


315. B.livescens Pf, Rve., Phil. 

316. B. Marie Albers, =183. 

317. B. Martensi Pf. 

318. B. Mexicanus Pf, Rve., 
Deless., Desh. in Lam. 


Cochlogena vittata Fer. 
Orthalicus? Mexicanus Carp. 


318. B. patriarcha W. G. Binn. 


319. B. punctatissimus Less., 
Rve., Pf., Chemn. 
Clausilia punctatissima Less. 
— exesa Pot. et Mich. 
Auricula fuscagula Lea. 
Pupa septemplicata Muhlf. 
Bulimus fuscagula Orb. 
Ke septemplicatus Pf. 
(olim.) 
i dentatus King? 
Cochlodrina exesa Fer. 


320. B. rudis Anton, Rve., Pf. 
321. B. Schiedeanus Pf. vid.193. 
322. B.serperastrus Say., Pf., 


Chemn. 
var. 8. Bulimus Liebmanni Pf. 


309. 
310. 


(oe) 
—) 
S . 
ee -----B---d) 


Hg Ziebmanni Rve. 
5: serperastrus Var. 
Chemn. 


var. 7. Bulimus nitelinus Rve. 


323. B. sulecosus Pf., Phil., Rve., 
B. hyematus Rve. 


024. B.sulphureus Pf. 

325. B. truncatus Pf, Rve., Phil. 

326. B. varicosus Pf, Chemn. 
SPIRAXIS. 

327. S.acus Shutil., Pf. 

328. S.auriculacea Pf. 

329. S. biconica Pf. 


s 
Ss 
5 
330. S.catenata Pf. 
331. S.coniformis Shuttl., Pf. 
332. S. dubia Pf. 
333. S.euptycta Pf. 
334. S.irrigua Shuttl., Pf. 
335. S. lurida Shuttl., Pf. 
336. S.mitreformis Shuttl., Pf. 


337. S. Nicoleti Shuttl., Pf. 
Achatina Nicoleti Chemn. 


338. S. nigricans P/, Shuttl. 
Achatina nigricans Pf. olim, Rve.. 
Desh. in Fer. 
Glandina nigricans Pf. olim. 


339. S.oblonga Pf. 
340. S. parvula Pf. 
341. 8. Shuttleworthi Pf 


342. S.streptostyla PF. 
Achatina streptostyla Pf. olim, 
Chemn. 


343. S.turgidula Pf. 


ORTHALICUS. 
343a. O. Boucardi Pf. 
344. O. livens Pf., Bk., Shuttl. 


345. O. longus Pf. 
Bulimus zebra 3. Pf. (olim.) 


346. O.undatus Brug. vid. 196. 


ACHATINA. 
347. A.ambigua Pf. 
348. A.Chiapensis Pf. 
349. A.Rangiana Pf, Rve. 
350. A.trochlea Pf., Chemn. 
351. A.trypanodes Pf. 
CYLINDRELLA. 
352. C.apiostoma Pf. 
352a. C. arctispira Pf. 
353. C.attenuata Pf., Chemn. 
354. C. Boucardi Pf. 
355. C.clava Pf., Chemn. 
355a. C. cretacea Pf. 


[ May. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 


356. C. decollata Nyst, (Pupa), 
Pf., Chemn. 
357. C. denticulata Pf., Chemn. 


358. C. filicosta Shuttl., Pf, 
Chemn. 


359. C. Ghiesbreghti Pf., Chemn. 
360. C. goniostoma Pf., Chemn. 
360a. C. grandis Pf. 


361. C. Liebmanni Pf, 
Phil. 


36la. C. Mexicana Cum. 


362. C. Pfeifferi Menke, Chemn., 
Phil. 


363. C. Pilocerei Pf., Chemn., Phil. 
364. C. polygyra Pf., Chemn. 


365. C. teres Menke, Pf., Chemn., 
Phil. 


365a. C. splendida Pf. 
366. C.turris Pf., Chemn. 


Faminra AURICULID &. 


MELAMPUS. 
367. M. coffea Linn. vid. 229. 


Faminia TRUNCATELLID Z. 


TRUNCATELLA. 


368. T. Caribeensis Sowbd. vid. 
238. 


Fama CYCLOPHORID A. 
CycLotus. - 


369. C. Dysoni Pf. 
Cyclostoma Dysoni Pf. (olim), 
Chemn. 
Cyclophorus Dysoni Pf. (olim), 
Gr. et. Pf. 


CyYCLOPHORUS. 
370. C. Boucardi Sallé, Pf. 


371. C. Mexicanus (Cyclostoma) 

Menke, Vgt., Phil., Sby., Chemn. 

Cyclotus Mexicanus Gr. et Pf., Pf. 
(olim.) 


TUDORA. 


372. T. planospira Pf. 
Cyclostoma planospira Pf. (olim.) 


Chemn., 


CisTULA. 
WMooc. trochlearis “Pf. “Gr: et 
defi 
Cyclostoma trochleare Pf. (olim), 
Chemn. “a 


1860.] 


153 


Cyclostoma trochlea Pf. (olim), 
nec Bens. 


CHONDROPOMA. 
374. C. Cordovanum Pf. 
Cyclostoma Cordovanum Pf. (olim.) 


C. truncatum (Cyclostoma) 
Wiegm., Rossm. 

Chondropoma truncatum Pf., Gr. 
et Pf. 
Fama HELICINIDA. 

HELICINA. 

H. brevilabris Pf. 

H. Chiapensis Pf. 

H.chrysocheila Binn. vid. 
242. 

H. chrysocheila Shuttl., P/. 
(nomen tr.) 


H. cinctella Shuttl., Pf. 


H. concentrica Pf., Gr. et 
Pf., Chemn. 


H. Cordiller@# Sallé, Pf. 
H.delicatula Shuttl., Pf. 
H. elata Shuttl., Pf. 


375. 


376. 
377. 
378. 


379. 


380. 
381. 


382. 
383. 
384. 


385. H. flavida Menke, Sowb., 
Chemn., Pf., Gr. et Pf. 
H. Ambieliana Boissy, Pot. et 


Mich. 
HI, trossula Mor. 

386. H. Ghiesbreghti Pf. 

386a. H. Heloise Sallé. 

387. H. Lindeni Pf, Chemn., Gr. 
et Pf. 

oss. He Inilayat ayes, 
Chemn. 


H. merdigera Sallé, Pf. 
H. notata Sallé, Pf. 


H. Oweniana Pf., 
Gr. et Pf. 


H.Sandozi Shutil., Pf. 

H. sinuosa Pf., Chemn., Gr. et 
Pf. 

H. tenuis Pf., Chemn., Gr. et 
LY. 


Gr. et? Pf., 


389. 
390. 


391. Chemn., 


392. 
393. 


394. 


395. H.tropica Pf. vid. 247. 
396. H. turbinata Wiegm., 
Mke., Chemn., Gr. et Pf. 
H. zephyrina var. Sowb. 
397. H. zephyrina Ducl., Sowb., 
Chemn., Orb., Gr. et Pf. 
H. Ambeliana Sowb. 
Oligyra zephyrina Mrs. Gray. 


Eye 


154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


ScHAZICHEILA. Faminia PROSERPINIDZ. 
398. S. alata (Helicina) Mke., Gr. Se 
et Pf. 401. C. eolina ( Carocolla) Duclos. 
Schazicheila alata Shuttl., Pf., Helicodonta eolina Fer. 
Ad. Gen. Odontostomus eolinum Pf. (olim.) 
; ig : Proserpina eolina Pf. (olim.) 
399. S. Nicoleti Shuttl., Pf. Ceres colina Pf., Gr. et Pf. 
400. S. pannucea Mor. 402. C.Salleana Cum., Pf., Gr. et 
Helicina alata var.? Gr. et Pf. Riz 


Descriptions of New Species of Pulmonata in the Collection of the 
Smithsonian Institution. 


BY W. G. BINNEY. 


PEDIPES LIRATA. T. imperforata, globoso-conica, solida, liris regularibus 
spiraliter cincta, nitens, straminea ; spira brevis, depressa, apice obtus4; anfr. 
3, superi brevi, ultimus 5-6 longitudinis subequans ; apertura semicircularis ; 
paries aperturalis callo nitente induta, et plicd elevata, crassa, unca et intrante 
armata ; labium columellare callosum, dentibus 2 approximatis, crassis, acutis, 
munitum; perist. acutum, intus callo nitente in medio dentem formante 
munitum. Diam. maj. 23, long. 3; aperture long. 2}, mill. 

Ad promont. St. Lucas peninsule Californie collegit J. Xantus (cum Buli- 
mo proteo Brod., B. pallidiori Sowb. et B. excelso Gould.) 


Oncuipium CARPENTERI. Among the mollusca from the Straits of De Fuca, 
Mr. Carpenter has detected five specimens of a shelless mollusk, which evi- 
dently belong to the genus Onchidium. Being preserved in alcohol it is diffi- 
cult to obtain any more satisfactory specific characters than the following: 
The body is oblong, with its extremities circularly rounded; the upper sur- 
face is regularly arched ; below, quite near the edge, the border of the mantle 
is readily distinguished, most of the under surface is occupied by the broad, 
distinct, locomotive disk; the body is uniformly smoke-colored ; in size the 
individuals vary considerably, the length of the largest being 5, the extreme 
breadth 3 millimetres. 


A List of the SHELLS of the State of Wisconsin. 
BY J. A. LAPHAM. 


ViTRINA Limpipa, Gould, N. W. Territory, Say. 
SuccinEA AVARA, Say, Milwaukee ! 

OBLIQUA, Say, do. 

OVALIS, Gould, do. 

HELIX ALBOLABRIS, Say, do. 

ALTERNATA, Say, do. 


me me ee me me 


ARBOREA, Say, do. 
CHERSINA, Say, do. 
CLAUSA, Say, do. 


concava, Say, N. W. Territory, Say. 
ELEVATA, Say, R. Kennicott. 
FRATERNA, Say, Milwaukee! 
HIRSUTA, Say, do. ! 
LABYRINTHICA, Say, do. ! 
LIGERA, Say, N. W. Territory, Say. 
LINEATA, Say, Milwaukee! 


[May, 


OO 


1860.) 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 


monopon, Rack, Milwaukee! 
MULTILINEATA, Say, do. ! 
(PERSPECTIVA, Say, ? ) 

PROFUNDA, Say, Milwaukee ! 
STRIATELLA, Anthony, do. ! 


Buiimus HARPA, Say, N. W. Territory, Say. 


MARGINATUS, Say, Milwaukee 


! 
ACHATINA LuBRIcA, Miil. do. ! 
PupA ARMIFERA, Say, (?) 


CORTICARIA, Say, (?) Milwaukee ! 
! 


VERTIGO OVATA, Say, (?) do. 
CARYCHIUM ExIGuUUM, Say, (?) do. ! 
Heticina occutta, Say, Sheboygan ! ! 


AMNICOLA Limosa, Say, N. W. Territory, Say. 


LusTRICA, Say, Milwaukee ! 


MELANIA DEPYGIs, Say, (?) do. ! 
ELONGATA, Say ? (or ELEVATA ?) Milwaukee ! 


occuLta, Anth., Wisconsin, Anthony. 


LEpToxis Isocona, Say, Rock River! 
VivIPARUS DEciIsus, Say, Milwaukee ! 


suBGLoBosuS, Say, N. W. Territory, Say. 


VALVATA SINCERA, Say, Milwaukee! 


TRICARINATA, Say, do. ! 


LIMN2A CAPERATA, Say, (?) do. ! 


cATAscopiuM, Say, N. W. Territory, Say. 
COLUMELLA, Say, (?) Milwaukee ! 
EMARGINATA, Say, Madison, Wisconsin ! 
FRAGILIS, Say, Milwaukee ! 

GRACILIS, Say, do. 
JUGULARIS, Say, do. 
MEGASOMA, Say, N. W. Territory, Say. 
UMBROSA, Say, do. do. 


-— 


PHYSA ELONGATA, Say, Milwaukee! 


HETEROSTROPHA, Say, do. 


! 
PLANORBIS ARMIGERUS, Say, do. ! 
! 


BICARINATUS, Say, do. 

CAMPANULATUS, Say, Milwaukee. 
CORPULENTUS, Say, N. W. Territory, Say. 
DEFLECTUS, Say, Milwaukee ! 


EXACUTUS, Say, do. ! 

PARVUS, Say, do. ! 
TRIVOLVIS, Say, do. ! 

ANCYLUS DIAPHANUS, Hald. (?) do. ! 

RIVULARIS, Say, do. 

Unio ALatos, Say, do. ! 
GRACILIS, Bar. do. ! 
PREssus, Lea, do. ! 


pLicaTus, Lesueur, Rock and Wisconsin Rivers ! 


SCHOOLCRAFTENSIs, Lea, Fox River, Lea. 
cornutus, Bar., Fox River, Barnes. 
postuLosus, Lea, Rock and Wisconsin Rivers ! 
VERRUCOsUS, Bar., Rock River ! 

METANEVRUS, Raf., Wisconsin River ! 
TUBERCULATUS, Bar., do. 
ELEGANS, Lea, do. 
DONACIFORMIS, Lea, (?) 


_— 


155 


156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Unio zie-zac, Lea, Wisconsin River ! 
TRIGONUS, Lea, Milwaukee ! 
oBLiguus, Lam., Wisconsin River ! 
MYTILOIDES, Raf., Rock River ! 
VENTRICOSUS, Bar., Wisconsin River, Barnes. 
ELLIPSIS, Lea, Wisconsin River ! 
caRIosus, Say, Silver Lake ! 
LIGAMENTINUS, Lam., Milwaukee! 
LUTEOLUS, Lam., do. ! 
RADIATUS, Lam., do. ! 
PARVocS, Bar., Fox River, Barnes. 
RECTUS, Lam., Wisconsin and Rock Rivers ! 
iRIs, Lea, (?) 
TENUISSIMUS, Lea, Milwaukee ! 
PHASEOLUS, Hild., Wisconsin River, Barnes. 
GispBosvs, Bar., Milwaukee ! 

MARGARITANA COMPLANATA, Lea, Milwaukee ! 


MARGINATA, Lea, do. ! 

RuGOSA, Lea, do. ! 

CALCEOLA, Lea, do. ! 

ANODONTA EDENTULA, Lea, do. ! 
FERUSSACIANA, Lea, do. ! 

IMBECILIS, Say, do. ! 
FLUVIATILIS, Lea, (?) do. ! 

PLANA, Lea, (?) do. ! 


ibis ite localities obseryed by me are marked with an exclamation point (!) after the manner 
of botanists. 


Contributions to American Lepidopterology.—No. 4. 
BY BRACKENRIDGE CLEMENS, M. D. 


Saturnia Schrank. 


S. galbina.—Antenne luteous. Body and head rather dark brown. 
Fore wings yellowish-brown, with a rather faint whitish, angulated band at 
the base. On the discal nervure is a round, black ocellus having a central 
subvitreous streak, containing a yellow circle, and toward the base of the 
wing a slender blue crescent. A whitish band crosses the middle of the ner- 
vules, with a faint wavy one between it and the hind margin. In the apical 
interspace is a black spot, with a crimson streak to the tip of the wing. The 
marginal portion of the wing is whitish, and is tinged on the terminal edge 
with pale yellowish brown. Hind wings similar in color and ornamentation 
to the fore wings, the ocelli being somewhat smaller. On the under surface, 
which is similar in hue to the upper, the faint wavy bands of the fore and 
hind wings are very distinct. 

Texas. From the Smithsonian Institution. Capt. Pope’s collection. 


PIMELA. 


In the fore wings, the costal and subcostal nervures are placed near each 
other and the exterior margin. The subcostal sends a single marginal branch 
from near the posterior-superior angle of the disk, delivered to the margin 
near the tip, and just behind this angle divides into two branches; the upper 
one or the apical is simple, and the lower one is subdivided into three ner- 
vules, the post apical arising near the upper third and the infra post-apical and 
subcosto-inferior near the middle. The discal nervure arises midway between 
the origin of the subcosto-marginal branch and that of the apical; itis acutely 


[May, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 157 


angulated about the middle and sends a false nervule through the disk to the 
base of the wing, and above this arises the discal nervule. 

The median nervure is four-branched. In place of the fold is a slender, 
simple nervure. The submedian sends two branches to the inner margin, one 
from the upper third and one from the lower third of the nervure. (This may 
be a malformation. However I can scarcely believe itis one.) 

Hind wings without costal nervure. The subcostal forms an imperfect cell 
at its base, and near the hind end of the disk sends off an apical branch, which 
gives rise to an oblique but not angulated discal neryure ; from this arises a 
false nervule running to the base, and nearly opposite to it a discal nervule to 
the hind margin. 

Median nervure four-branched. Submedian and internal, simple. 

Body stout and very pilose, woolly. Head rather small: eyes rather large 
and salient. Antenne, basal joint somewhat tufted, rather longer than the 
thorax, rather deeply pectinated with the branches decreasing in length to the 
tip, and both sets directed forward. Labial palpi extremely short, almost ru- 
dimentary. Tongue none. Abdomen equal in length to the hind wings. 
Tibiz moderately ciliated exteriorly; hind tibie with two very short apical 
spurs. 

This genus may, perhaps, be the same as Mr. Walker’s Lagoa. 


P. lanuginosa.—Female? The wings are badly worn and denuded. 
Antenne pale brownish-yellow. Face dark brownish: head and body dull 
yellow. The anterior tibie and all the tarsi are dark brownish. The un- 
denuded portion of the fore wings at the base, is woolly and pale brownish 
yellow. 

Male? Antenne yellowish white. Face and the fore legs blackish-brown, 
the hairs white and all the tarsi blackish-brown toward the ends. Thorax 
white, very slightly tinted with yellowish. Abdomen rather deep, dull yel- 
low. Wings white, slightly tinted with yellowish; fore wings woolly toward 
the base, with a dark brownish discoloration along the upper part of the disk 
and the costa adjoining it. 

The female? of this species was ticketed by the collector Bombyx lanu- 
zinosus, but I have not been able to find any description under this name, 
nor any that designates the insect itself. 

From the Smithsonian Institution. Capt. Pope’s coll. Texas. 


LimmacoprEs Latreille. 


L. laticlavia.—Body and fore wings rather dark ochreous-yellow. 
Yore wings with an oblique silvery band, inclined toward the base of the wing, 
from the costa to the middle of inner margin, and toothed toward the base on 
the submedian nervure or fold. A rather faint dark reddish brown line, ex- 
tends from the costal origin of the silvery band to the hind margin beneath 
the middle. Hind wings pale ochreous-yellow. Abdomen rather reddish- 
ochreous. 

Larva.—Outline elliptical somewhat pointed behind; body flattened, with 
the sides curving from a central ridge, flattened above. The ridge has a ver- 
tical elevation at its sides above the body, growing less and less before and be- 
hind, and terminates in front in a rounded margin and behind in an obtuse, 
short spine. The body is smooth, with no distinct spined papule, but the 
edges of the ridge and the outline of the body are thrown into folds, subcre- 
nated. The body is thickest in the middle where it curves anteriorly and 
posteriorly. 

The general color of the body is pale green and dotted with numerous yel- 
low pomts. The central ridge is bordered in tront with yellow. 

The larva feeds on the underside of the leaf of maple in September, and the 
imago from it appears in the spring. There is doubtless a spring brood of 
larve. 


1860.] 


158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Var. laticlavia? Imago, brownish-luteous, sometimes inclining to yel- 
lowish. Fore wings with an oblique silvery band from the costa to the mid- 
dle of the inner margin, toothed on the submedian fold and shaded behind with 
blackish-brown, with a blackish-brown line from the costal origin of the silvery 
band to the hind margin beneath the middle. Hind wings dark brown, yellow- 
ish at the base. 

Three sp. from Robert Kennicott, Illinois. 

ADONETA. 


The characteristics in wing structure are; that the subcostal nervure is re- 
mote from the anterior margin, and gives off two marginal branches from the 
disk, one near the middle and one near the end, and then subdivides beyond 
the disk into an apical and post apical branch. The disco-central nervule 
arises above the middle of the discal nervure at an angle, whence the nervure 
curves to the first branch of the median. In the hind wings the costal and 
subcostal intersect at their bases. The latter is bifid beyond the disk; the 
disco-central is continued to the base of the wing, attenuated within the disk, 
and the discal nervure is straight on the costal side of it, and very oblique on 
the median side; with their points of junction separated. Median three 
branched. 

Body rather slender, not pilose. Head small; eyes quite small. Antenne 
rather more than one half as long as the body. Labial palpi somewhat ex- 
ceeding the front, rather slender, nearly cylindrical, squamose above and slight- 
ly hirsute beneath ; third joint very small, the development being chiefly in 
the second joint. Tongue none. Abdomen much shorter than the hind 
wings. Fore legs rather slender, tibiz moderately ciliated ; middle and hind 
tibie thickly and shortly ciliated, with two rather short apical spurs. Wings 
very much deflexed in repose, almost enveloping the body. Male.—The 
basal half of the antenne shortly pectinated. Female.—Antenne simple. 


A. voluta.—Reddish-brown, somewhat paler in the 9 than the ¢. 
Fore wings with a dingy yellow streak along the base of the inner margin, 
extended toward the disk above the middle of the wing and on this portion 
are two or three blackish dots. On the hind portion of the disk is a short 
black streak. In the (j' there is another short black streak along the median 
nervure and its last branch, with a curved row of three, black, submarginal 
spots. The lower streak and the spots are as distinct in the 9 as in the <j’. 
In both sexes there is a subapical dingy yellow patch, lightly bordered behind 
with whitish. Hind margin spotted with black. Hind wing pale reddish 
brown. 

Larva.—Body semi-cylindrical, tapering posteriorly and rounded obtusely 
in front. Nearly smooth, but with a subvascular row of small fleshy, minute- 
ly spined papule on each side of the vascular line, three of which placed an- 
teriorly are separated and distinct, and three approximated on the last rings ; 
the intermediate ones are minute. The outline of the body above the ven- 
tral surface, is furnished with a row of minute spined papule. 

Bright green, witha broad dorsal yellow band containing a reddish purple 
one, which is constricted opposite the second and third pairs of anterior papu- 
lx and dilated into an elliptical patch in the middle of the body. This is 
almost separated from a smaller elliptical patch which is constricted opposite 
the third pair of posterior papule and ends in a small round patch. The an- 
terior and posterior papul are crimson and the intermediate ones green. The 
superventral row of spined papule are green. 

In September, on the leaf of Apricot. Imago in March. 

EMPRETIA. 


In the anterior wings the subcostal nervure is moderately remote from the 
external margin, sends off two marginal branches from the disk, and beyond 


[ May, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 159 


it subdivides, first near the disk, into a subcosto-inferior branch, and then into 
an apical and post apical branch. The discal nervure is very irregular, and 
sends from its costal portion a disco-central nervule, whilst the middle of the 
disk contains a bifid false nervule. The internal nervure is bifid at its base. 
In the hind wings the costal and subcostal nervures intersect at their bases. 
The subcostal is bifid near the disk. The costal portion of the discal nervure 
is angulated, and forms likewise an acute angle in the middle of the disk, 
whence a false nervule proceeds to the base of the wing, and obliquely joins 
the median system, giving rise on the median side to a diseo-central nervule. 

Body stout or very stout, thorax covered thickly with flat hairs. Head 
quite small; eyes small and oval. Labial palpi somewhat exceeding the head, 
slightly curved, more robust in the j’ thanin the 9 ; third joint small and 
conical, about four times less long than the second and slightly hirsute be- 
neath. Tongue none. Antenne rather more than one half the length of the 
body. Abdomen shorter than the hind wings. Fore legs long and rather 
slender; fore tibie and tarsi moderately ciliated; middle and hind tibie 
thickly ciliated, with two moderate apical spurs on hind tibie. Male.—An- 
tennz, basal half pectinated. J’emale.—Simple. 


E. stimulea.—Body and fore wings uniform dark ferrnginous, with two 
small subapical white spots, and in the two more near the base of the wing 
beneath the median nervure. Hind wings pale reddish-brown. 

Larva.—Body semicylindrical, truncated obliquely before and behind, with 
a pair of anterior, long, fleshy, subvascular slenderly spined horns and a pair 
smaller beneath them, above the head ; a posterior similar pair and a smaller 
anal pair beneath them. The superventral of papule are rather large and 
densely spined. After the last moulting the longer horns become moderate 
in length. 

The portion of the body between the anterior and posterior horns is a fine, 
bright green color, bordered anteriorly and superventrally by white, with a 
central, dorsal, oval reddish brown patch bordered with white, which color is 
again edged by a black line. The horns, papule and anterior portion of the 
body are reddish brown, with a small yellow spot between the anterior horns. 
while the posterior pair are placed in a yellow patch. 

The spines with which the horns are supplied, produce an exceeding pain- 
ful sensation when they come in contact with the hack of the hand, or any 
portion of the body on which the skin is thin. : 

On a great variety of plants ; fruit trees, the rose, Indian corn, (Zea mays) 
and a number of other plants. : 


E. paenulata.—Body dark reddish brown. Fore wings dark rediish- 
brown along all the borders, with a large, central pea-green patch, extending 
from the base of the wing to the subterminal portion, bordered narrowly on 
the inner side and behind with white, and deeply indented opposite the mid- 
dle of the inner margin, where there is a bright brown patch in the reddish 
brown border. Hind wings yellowish brown. 

I do not know the larval state of this species, and have only two specimens, 
both apparently females. I can perceive no differences in the structural char- 
acters of the imago of this and the previous species, and am quite sure that 
they belong to the same generic group. The discovery of the larval form will. 
however, determine the question. 

From Mr. Robert Kennicott, Illinois. 


NocHELIA. 


In the anterior wings, the subcostal nervure is remote from the external 
margin, and the costal arises from its base; it gives off a marginal branch 
near the posterior end of the disk, and another exterior to the disk. The sub- 
costo inferior branch arises nearly midway between this latter and the post- 


1860.] 


160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


apical, which is given off near the tip of the wing. The discal nervure is 
doubly angulated, and gives rise to the disco-central nervule at the angle on 
the costal side ; and from the central, a false nervule to the base of the wing. 
Median four-branched. Internal bifid at the base. 

In the hind wings, the costal and subcostal have acommon trunk. The 
subcostal bifid beyond the disk. The subcostal and median portions of the 
discal nervure are much separated at their points of junction with the disco- 
central, which is continued as a false nervule to the base of the wing. 

Male.—Body stout and very short; thorax covered with flat hairs. Head 
and eyes moderate, the latter oval. Labial palpi slightly exceeding the front, 
rather stout, porrect, third joint very minute. No tongue. Antenne much 
more than one half as long as the body, with the basal third pectinated. Ab- 
domen shorter than the hind wings. The middle and hind tibie rather thick- 
ly ciliated; apical spurs of hind tibie, if present, inconspicuous. 

N. tardigrada.—Male.—Body and fore wings rather dark reddish brown, 
with a small, nearly triangular pea-green patch narrowly bordered with dark 
brown at the base of the wing beneath the median nervure, slightly excavated 
behind where it adjoins a bright brown patch. Towards the hind end of the 
disk, in its middle, is a minute, oval dark brown streak ; two small pea-green 
subapical spots, the one nearest the costa minute. 

Larva.—the body is elliptical, much flattened above. There is on each 
side a row of subvascular, minutely spined papule, of which the three anterior 
and two posterior are more conspicuous than the rest. The superventral row 
of papule are moderate, equal, and form the outline of the body. 

General color very pale green, with dorsal patches of the general hue bean- 
tifully margined by crimson lines, and crimson, vascular patches, of which 
those between the fourth and jifth, seventh and eighth pairs of subvascular papu- 
le are most conspicuous, although small. All the papule pale green. 

On the apricot in September. Imago in April. 

I have descriptions of other larve similar in physical characteristics to the 
above, but have not succeeded in carrying them through their transforma- 
tions. 

The genera Pimela, Limacodes, Adoneta, Empretia and Nochelia belong to 
that most anomalous family Limacodide. Perhaps some of the groups de- 
scribed as new have been heretofore established, but I found the effort to 
identify them from meagre and unsatisfactory diagnoses of the imago an 
almost futile task. 


Arracus Hiibner. 


The following species have never been described I believe, except by De 
Beauvois, and as his work is now rather rare and an expensive one, and not 
accessible to the great body of American entomologists, I insert here de- 
scriptions of the following insects : 


A. splendida, Bombix splendida, De Beauvois, Ins. en Afrique et 
en Amer. p. 133, pl. 22, f. 1, 2. 

Dull reddish-brown. Thorax banded with white before and behind. Ab- 
domen with a white stigmatal band edged above and beneath with black and 
containing reddish brown spots. Fore wings with a basal white streak ex- 
tending from the costa to the base of medio-posterior nervule and thence to 
the inner margin at the base of the wing, bordered toward the base with 
orange-yellowish and externally by black. The breadth of the disk is occu- 
pied by a large trigonate vitreous patch, extended behind so as to interrupt a 
white wavy, narrow band crossing the middle of the nervules and which is 
bordered internally with black and externally with orange-yellowish. The 
trigonate patch is edged within by white and externally by black behind and 
before. Beyond the transnervular band, the wing is brown dusted with 
blackish and powdered with whitish roseate in the medio-posterior and sub- 


[May, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 161 


median interspaces behind the band. At the tip is a large whitish roseate 
patch, three contiguous black spots at the end of post apical interspace, with 
a wavy black, submarginal line. Hind margin luteo-testaceous. Hind wings, 
trigonate vitreous patch somewhat larger than in fore wings, with a trans- 
nervular band similar to fore wings, continued around the costa to the base 
of the wing and the medio-posterior interspace and those adjoining it, 
powdered with whitish roseate behind the band. Hind margin luteo-testa- 
ceous with a row of black spots and a dark brown line. 

From Smithsonian Institution. Capt. Pope’s coll. Texas. 

Hyprercompa Stephens. 

H. interrupto-marginata.— Bombix interrupto-marginata, De 
Beauvois Ins. Afrig. et Amer. p. 265, pl. 24, f. 5, 6. Head and labial palpi 
pale orange yellow, the latter with black tips. Thorax pale yellow, with 
a broad black stripe on the disk. Abdomen orange yellow, with a dorsal 
black stripe. Fore wings pale yellow, with a black streak along the costa 
not reaching the tip of the wing, a broad streak of the same hue along 
the inner margin, sending from the inner angle toward the hind end of the 
disk, 2 hooked demi-band ; hind margin black in the middle. Hind wings 
pale orange-yellow, with a black spot near the inner angle and a larger 
one in the middle of the medio-posterior interspace and nervule. Legs 
pale orange-yellow. 

Virginia and Wisconsin. 

TINEINA. 
ANORTHOSIA. 


Anterior wings rather narrow, and somewhat lanceolate. The subcostal 
nervure is nearly straight and gives off from the disk, which is unclosed, 
three marginal neryules and becomes bifid before the tip. The discal ner- 
vule is independent. The median is four-branched, its last nervule is bifid, 
and arises opposite the middle of the origins of the 2d and 3d subcosto 
marginals. The submedian is bifid at its base. 

Hind wings somewhat emarginate behind the tip on the external mar- 
gin, and rather deeply emarginate beneath the tip. Disk unclosed. Sub- 
costal nervure bifid from the end of the disk. This discal nervule is trans- 
ferred to the median side, and the median nervure is three-branched. 

Head and face smooth; vertex elongated, with long loose scales over- 
lapping in the middle. Forehead rounded. Ocelli very small. Eyes small, 
round and salient. Antenne about one third less long than the anterior 
wings, basal joint long and slender, the stalk slightly denticulated beneath. 
Maxillary palpi extremely small. Labial palpi, smooth, long and porrected, 
their development being almost entirely in the second joint, which is sup- 
plied above with long hairs capable of being erected, although usually decumb- 
ent, and with the third joint short, very slender, smooth and pointed, arisin g 
nearly erectly at the apical third of the second, and is likewise capable of being 
erected or depressed. Tongue scaled at the base and about as long as the 
labial palpi. 

A. punctipennella.—HLabial palpi and head rather dark ochreous, 
the former dark brownish externally. Antenne ochreous, annulated with 
dark brown. Fore wings rather dark ochreous, sometimes dusted with dark 
brownish, with three pairs of blackish brown dots along the fold, the first 
near the base of the wing, the second rather above the middle and the third 
near its end. One dot of each of the latter pairs, isin the fold, the other 
above it obliquely. The costa at the base, and beyond the middle is touched 
with blackish, with the hinder portion of the wing dotted and dusted with 
dark brown, especially along the hinder margin. Cilia ochreous. Hind 
wings shining, blackish gray, cilia the same. Abdomen blackish. 


1860.] 10 


162 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


GELEcHIA Zeller. 


G. cerealella.—Anacampsis (Butalis) cerealella Harris, Treat. on Ins. 
2d ed. p. 392 —Head and face dull ochreous. Labial palpi pale ochreous, 
with fuscous ring at the tip and a slight fuscous spot on the middle of the 
second joint. Fore wings pale, shining ochreous, with a fuscous streak in the 
fold toward the base and a few fuscous scales toward thetip of the wing on 
the margin ; cilia grayish ochreous. Hind wings grayish ochreous, cilia the 
same. 

This insect has doubtless been introduced into this country from Europe. 
My own specimens were obtained from the W. D. Porter wheat, distributed by 
the Patent Office at Washington City. The seed of this wheat was originally 
procured from Mount Olympus in Asia, and from two heads of this as a be- 
ginning was grown in the District of Columbia the grain distributed in the 
years 1854 and 1855. The insect is probably common in the District. 


G. agrimoniella.—tLabial palpi yellowish. Eyes crimson. Antenne 
yellowish annulated, with black. Head, thorax and fore wings blackish some- 
what suffused with a greenish hue, the latter black beyond the middle, with 
a pale yellow band, somewhat hooked onthe costa, at the apical third of the 
wing. Hind wings blackish-brown, cilia the same. 

The larva may be found about the middle of June, nearly full fed, in the 
leaves of Agrimony, (Agrimonia Eupatoria) which it rolls and binds together 
with silken threads. The body of the full grown larva is colored obscure 
green, dotted with black dots. Head and shield pale brown. The young 
larva is flesh-colored and dotted with dark colored dots. The pupa is con- 
tained in a slight cocoon, sometimes woven between the leaves of its food 
plant, but usually it is abandoned to construct it. The pupa-case is not 
thrust from the cocoon at the maturity of the insect. 

The June brood of larva become imagos during the latter part of June or 
the beginning of July. 


Fore wings scarcely pointed. Secondary cell faintly indicated. Subcosto- 
apical vein forked. The last branch of median bifid. Hind wings emarginate 
before the tip and slightly beneath it ; with an intercostal cell at the base. 


G.? flavocostella.—tLabial palpi wanting. Head dull reddish yellow. 
Antenne blackish-brown, yellowish toward the base. Thorax, disk black, 
front and sides dull yellow. Fore wings black, with a broad, pale yellow 
costal streak, extending from the base nearly to the tip of the wing, undula- 
ting from the base to the middle of the wing and dilated into an angle at the 
apical third, with a faint, yellowish streak produced from the apex of the 
angle toward the inner angle of the wing. Hind wings dark brown, cilia the 
same. 

This insect does not, probably, belong to the genus under which itis placed. 
As the labial palpi are wanting, I inelude it here from its general structure 
and appearance, not knowing otherwise where to place it. 

One specimen from A. I. Packard Jr., of Brunswick, Maine. 


The second joint of labial palpi moderately thickened. Hind wings deeply 
emarginate beneath the tip, which is produced. 

G.? roseosuffusella.—Labial palpi, second joint whitish spotted with 
dark fuscous ; the third dark fuscous annulated with two white rings. Head 
and thorax ochreous, tegule with a dark-brown spot in front. Antenne 
dark fuscous, annulated with whitish. Fore wings dark brown, ochreous 
along the inner margin, where it is suffused with roseate. At the base of the 
wing is a white spot containing a dark brown dot, and near the base an ob- 
lique white band. About the middle of the wing is a large white spot or in- 
distinct broad band, irrorated with dark brownish and tinted with roseate on 
the inner margin. Near the tip is a costal white spot and a roseate spot 


[May, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 163 


opposite on the inner margin, and a whitish spot at the tip. Cilia brownish 
gray. Hind wings dark fuscous-gray, cilia fuscous. Feet annulated with 
white. 

Fore wings scarcely pointed. Hind wings slightly emarginate beneath the tip, 
with an intercostal cell at the base. 


G. Rhoifructella.—Head, face and thorax grayish-fuscous. Labial 
palpi rather dark ochreous. Antenne ochreous, annulated with black. Fore 
wings grayish-fuscous dusted with dark brown, and with four dark fuscous 
dots, one near the base of the fold, two near the middle of the wing, (one on 
the fold and one above it,) and one on the end of the disk. Near the end of 
the wing is an indistinct grayish band. Hind wings fuscous, cilia the same. 

The larvee may be found in April or early in May, in the fruit spikes of sumach 
(Rhus Typhina), where they feed on the crimson hairs and exterior envelope 
of the drupes, without however eating the drupes themselves. The larve are 
concealed in galleries formed in the fruit spikes, and their presence is indicated 
by strings of ‘‘frass’’ clinging to the exterior. The cocoon is a slight silken 
web woven amongst the ‘‘frass’’ near the surface. The larva is immaculate, 
and varies in celor, from dark reddish-brown to a pale brown, dotted with 
rows of darker colored dots, each giving rise to a hair; the head is brown and 
the shield blackish. The imago appears about the middle of June. 


Size small. Fore wings rather lanceolate and pointed. Hind wings deeply 
emarginate beneath the tip, which is produced. The second joint of labial palpi 
somewhat thickened. 


G.? rubidella .--Head and face ochreous. Labial palpi yellowish white, 
with two deep fuscous spots on the middle joint, and two blackish brown rings 
on the terminal one, a narrow one near its base and a broad one near the tip, 
while the tip is blackish. Antenne deep fuscous annulated with white. 
Thorax fuscous, deep fuscous in front. Fore wings roseate, dusted with deep 
fuscous, with a brownish ochreous streak along the inner margin from the 
base to nearly the middJe of the wing, and interrupted about its middle by a 
roseate hue. At the basal third of the wing is an oblique deep fuscous band, ex- 
tending from the costa to the fold, and beyond the middle of the costa is a 
spot of the same hue, joined toward the inner margin by a _ brownish- 
ochreous spot. The apical portion of the wing much dusted with deep fus- 
cous; cilia ochreous, with a fuscous hinder marginal line. Hind wings black- 
ish gray ; cilia somewhat paler. Feet rather pale ochreous, spotted with deep 
fuscous. 


G. fle xurella.—Head and face grayish fuscous. Labial palpi, second 
joint dark fuscous, terminal joint white with a blackish ring at the base and 
one near the tip. Antenne whitish annulated with dark fuscous. Fore 
wings grayish fuscous, with a pale grayish band near the apex margined in- 
ternally on the costa by a blackish brown spot, with another of the same hue 
about the middle of costa and another on the costa near the base. Near the 
base of the fold is a rather faint dark brownish spot, and the wing is sprinkled 
with dark brown atoms. Hind wings dark fuscous, cilia ochreous gray. 

Variety ? Fore wings smoky fuscous, with a pale grayish band near the 
tip, broadest and most distinct on the costa, margined broadly internally across 
the wing, with dark brown, with a pale grayish spot between it and a dark 
brown spot on the middle of costa. In the middle of the wing are two dark 
brown spots, one on the basal part of the fold and a small one on the costa 
above it of the same hue. Hind wings dark fuscous. 


G. mimella.—Head and face tawny brown. Labial palpi, second joint 
dark fuscous, with a whitish ring at its end; third joint gray with a ring in 
its middle. Antenne pale fuscous annulated with white. Fore wings tawny 
brown, with an ochreous band near the tip, margined internally slightly with 


1860.] 


164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


dark brown. Along the costa are a few dark brown spots anda few in the 
apical portion behind the ochreous band. Hind wings dark brown. 


Size small. Fore wings acutely pointed or lanceolate. Hind wings deeply 
emarginate beneath the tip, which is produced. Labial palpi rather short ; middle 
joint somewhat thickened with scales, terminal rather short. 


G.? detersella.—Head and face grayish fuscous. Labial palpi pale 
yellowish-white, with two fuscous patches on the middle joint, a very narrow 
fuscous ring at the base of terminal joint, a broad one near the tip, with the 
extreme apex whitish. Antenne grayish fuscous, annulated with dark fus- 
cous. Fore wings grayish, very profusely dusted with dark fuscous, with a 
dark fuscous spot on the disk; cilia ochreous gray. Hind wings pale ochreous- 
gray ; cilia pale ochreous. Feet annulated with whitish. 

I have found this genus a very difficult one. It is of great extent and in- 
cludes individuals of a variety of aspects and more or less marked modifica- 
tions in the labial palpi. The oral parts in the doubtful species correspond 
so nearly to those of the genus, that I have concluded after much hesitation 
not to place them in separate groups, notwithstanding the produced apex of 
the hind wings in some of them. 


STROBISIA. 


Fore wings obtuse and rounded behind. The subcostal divides into four 
branches, with the apical branch simple or forked. The discoidal nervure 
gives origin to a disco-central branch. The median is four-branched; sub- 
median forked at the base. Hind wings trapezoidal, not broader than fore 
wings, with the hinder margin slightly emarginate beneath the tip. Subcos- 
tal bifid from the discoidal, which gives rise to a disco-central vein. Median 
three-branched, the two upper branches asising at a common base. 

Head smooth with appressed scales. Forehead and face rounded. Ocelli 
large. Eyes oval and obliquely placed. Labial palpi recurved, moderately 
long; second joint flattened, smooth with appressed seales ; third slender, 
smooth and pointed. Maxillary palpi short and distinct. Antenne slender, 
simple ; basal joint subclavate. Tongue scaled, nearly or quite as long as the 
thorax beneath. 

The structure of the insects here included, closely approach that of the 
genus Gelechia, in whichI placed them in the first arrangement. I cannot 
believe, however, that they are members of this group, and have hence re- 
moved them. The perfect insects are most commonly found in shaded places, 
on the surface of leaves. They are active and restless in their motions, and 
turn in circles on their resting places, especially after short flights; withal 
they are disposed to be quarrelsome and drive away from the leaves on which 
they may happen to be enjoying themselves, other ‘‘little people’’ of the 
shaded wood. 


Fore wings obtusely rounded behind. Subcosto apical branch simple. Medio 
posterior vein bifid. 


S. iridipennella.—Head and thorax brown, with a greenish hue; 
face whitish beneath. Labial palpi dull silvery. Antennedark brown. Fore 
wings dark brown, with a greenish-golden hue. Along the costa are three 
metallic blue or violet-blue oblique streaks scarcely reaching the middle of 
the wing, the first is longest and is placed about the middle of the costa, the 
third near the tip, and with three spots of the same hue beneath the second 
streak, one in the fold and two in the middle of the wing. In the apical por- 
tion near the hind margin are three or four parallel similarly hued streaks 
and at the base of the fold is a violet-blue spot. Hind wings brown, along 
the base of costa pale yellow. 


[May, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 165 


Fore wings obtuse, hind margin slightly oblique. Apical branch bifid. 

S. emblemella.—Head and thorax dark brownish, with a golden hue ; 
face whitish beneath. Labial palpi silvery gray ; third joint fuscous in front. 
Antenne dark fuscous. Fore wings dark brown, somewhat golden. The 
costa at the base and a basal band are dull silvery and rather behind the 
middle of costa is an oblique silvery costal streak and about the middle 
is a curved costal streak of the same hue. This unites with an oblique 
silvery streak, from the middle of inner margin, and which becomes diffuse in 
the middle of the wing. Near the tip at the beginning of the costal cilia, is a 
small costal silvery spot and a row of spots or short parallel bluish silvery 
streaks along the hinder margin. Cilia at the tip ochreous, containing a dark 
fuscous line; on inner margin dark fuscous. Hind wings dark brown, yel- 
lowish along the costa; cilia dark brown. 


Enprosts? Hiibner. 


Hind wings wth a medio-discal branch, in addit‘on to the discocentral ; termina! 
branch of median bifid. Transparent patch at base, quite distinct. 


E.? Kennicottella.—Head and thorax white, with a small dark fus- 
cous patch on the front of tegule. Labial palpi white, terminal joint with a 
dark fuscous ring at the base and one near the tip, with the extreme apex 
white. Antenne dark fuscous. Fore wings whitish, much dusted with dark 
fuscous. At the base is a white spot and the adjoining portion of the costa 
dark fuscous ; behind the middle and near the tip is a whitish spot and oppo- 
site the latter on the inner margin is 2 whitish spot nearly joining it, both 
dusted with fuscous. Apical portion, dark fuscous, with a few whitish spots 
on the margins ; cilia ochreous. Hind wings gray ; cilia pale ochreous. Feet 
with tarsi annulated. 

From Mr. Robert Kennicott of North Westfield, Il. Two specimens. 


EVAGORA. 


Fore wings rather narrow and obliquely pointed at the tip; inner margin 
slightly retuse beyond the middle. Discoidal cell closed by a faint, simple, 
oblique nervure, given off from the subcostal near the third marginal branch ; 
without disco-central nervule. The subcostal runs almost straight from the 
base to the tip of the wing, giving off from the cell three marginal branches, 
one near the middle of the wing and two near the end of the disk; beyond the 
disk it sends another branch to the costa, and before the tip becomes bifid send- 
ing one branch above and another below the tip. The median subdivides into 
four branches, which are aggregated at their origins, and, except the medio-pos- 
terior, are long. The submedian is furcate at its base. Hind wings deeply 
emarginate beneath the tip, which is abruptly produced, although short. 
The discoidal cell is closed by a slight curved nervure, and is without a disco- 
central nervule. The subcostal is bifid from the discal nervure, and the median 
gives rise to a medio-discal nervule which curves much upward; the last 
branch of the median much removed from the two terminal branches which 
are approximated. 

Size small, forehead rounded ; facerather narrow. Ocelli none. Eyes round, 
moderately prominent. Antenne rather thick, simple, and about one halfas long 
asthe fore wings ; basal joint rather slender but short. Labial palpi cylindrical, 
rather short, middle joint slightly thickened toward its extremity, at least one 
half longer than the terminal joint, which is somewhat roughened but slender 
and pointed. Maxillary palpi not perceptible. Tongue scaled at the base, shor:, 
not as long as the labial palpi. 

This genus shows some resemblance in structure to Parasia, but I think ‘t 
is very distinct. 


E. apicitripunctella.—Head, face and thorax ochreous. Labial palpi 


1860.] 


166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


ochreous internally, externally dark fuscous ; terminal joint with a fuscous 
ring at the base and tip, extreme tip ochreous. Antenne dark fuscous, in- 
distinctly annulated with ochreous. Fore wings brownish ochreous, with three 
oblique dark streaks from the costa to the middle of the wing, bordered behind 
with very pale ochreous, the first near the base, the second about the middle of costa, 
the third near the tip with its pale ochreous margin extended across the wing. 
Beneath the third streak are two dark fuscous spots, sometimes margined with 
pale ochreous. At the tip are three dark fuscous dots, one nearly on the ex- 
treme apex and two others behind it. Cilia of the tip somewhat dusted with 
fuscous, the inner margin ochreous. Hind wings rather dark ochreous, cilia 
the same. 


TRICHOTAPHE. 


Fore wings scarcely pointed, hind margin oblique, costa behind the tip defiex- 
ed. The discoidal cellis closed and rounded behind. The subcostal nervure sends 
four veins to the costa behind the tip, the last of which is furcate, and one to 
hind margin beneath the tip from the cell. The median sends four branches 
to the hind margin, the last of which is furcate. Hind wings emarginate in 
the middle of costa, and somewhat emarginate beneath the tip, with an 
intercostal cell at the base ; subcostal bifid from the discal nervure which sends 
a central branch to the hind margin. The median is three-branched. 

Head smooth, with appressed scales. Without ocelli. Eyes round and 
moderately prominent. Labial palpi recurved; middle joint slightly curved, 
rather broad, compressed laterally, squamose on thesides and hairy toward 
the end; terminal joint slender, smooth, pointed and not so long as the middle 
joint. Maxillary palpi short and distinct. Antenne rather more than one half 
as long as the fore wings, somewhat denticulated and microscopically pubes- 
cent beneath in the male? Tongue scaled at the base, nearly as long as the 
thorax beneath. 


Middle joint of labial palpi much flattened ; hairy above and below, with diverging 
hairs. 

T. setosella.—Head, face and thorax rather dark ochreous. Labial 
palpi, middle joint blackish-brown externally, with the spreading hairs above 
and beneath at the end, ochreous; terminal joint ochreous tipped with fus- 
cus, antennz fuscous,ochreous toward the base. Fore wings dark brown, slightly 
dusted with pale ochreous. At the base of the costais a pale ochreous irregu- 
larly triangular patch, slightly dusted with fuscous, angulated on the upper 
portion of the fold; the angle is margined beneath with blackish brown, with 
a small patch of the same hue between the angle and base of the wing, and a 
large one behind it extending from the subcostal nervure to the fold. Across 
the base of the nervules runs a pale ochreous line, on each side of which the 
wing is nearly uniform dark brown. Hind wings yellowish brown. 


Middle joint of labial palpi without spreading hairs. 

T. juncidella.—Head, face and thorax dark brown. Labial palpi ochre- 
Ous orange. Antenne dark brown. Fore wings dark brown almost black- 
ish brown, with an ochreous orange spot on the disk, one on the sub- 
costal nervure nearer the base, one beneath it in the fold, and one on the end 
of the disk, all of the same hue. On the costa near the tip is a small ochreous 
orange spot, and the cilia which are somewhat paler than the general hue are 
varied with shining ochreous. Hind wings dull yellowish brown. 


CALLIMA. 

Fore wings rather ovate, obtusely pointed. The subcostal nervure sends 
four nervules to the costa, the last one furcate behind the tip, with both 
branches above it. From the discal proceeds a disco-central nervule, and the 
median subdivides into four branches. Submedian furcate at the base. 


[ May, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 167 


The hind wings are much narrower and shorter than the fore wings, emargin- 
ate in the middle of the costa, hind margin obtusely pointed and very oblique. 
The costal ends in the middle of the wing. The subcostal is attenuated to- 
wards the base, the discal gives rise to two nervules and the median is three- 
branched, the superior and central nervules arising in a short common stalk. 

Head smooth, with hair-like scales. Face quite narrow. Ocelli none. Eyes 
round and quite prominent. Labial palpi long and recurved ; the middle joint 
rather slender, smooth with appressed scales, slightly flattened, longer than 
the third joint, which is slender, smooth.and pointed. Maxillary palpi none. 
Antennz inserted on the front, basal joint smooth and subclavate, slightly 
denticulated beneath and microscopically pubescent (in the <j alone?). 
Tongue scaled at the base and somewhat longer than the anterior coxe. 

This insect, I think, must approach very nearly (Ecophora of Zeller if it is 
not, indeed, a member of that genus. 


C. argenticinctella.—Head, face and thorax deep reddish orange. 
Labial palpi, middle joint dark brown, terminal white with a broad dark brown 
ring on its middle. Antenne silvery white annulated with blackish. Fore 
wings yellowish orange. Along the basal margin of the wing from the fold to 
the basal angle, is a silvery line black margined on both sides, and one 
from the basal third of the inner margin, somewhat curved and not extended 
to the costa, likewise silvery and black margined on both sides; the basal 
portion of the wing included between these lines is deep reddish orange. Near 
the apical third of the wing is a silvery costal streak, curved and tapering 
outwardly, slightly dark margined on the costa behind. Opposite this on the 
inner margin, is a semicircular silvery line, black margined on both sides at its 
beginning, which terminates in a dark brown spot, white margined exteriorly, 
at the commencement of the cilia, before which the line becomes grayish sil- 
very. The portion of the wing included within this line, is deep reddish 
orange, as well as the apical portion, in which along the hind margin is a row 
of silvery spots each slightly dark margined. Hind wings fuscous. Feet 
annulated with white. 


Noma. 


Fore wings rather narrowly ovate-lanceolate, discoidal cell very narrow, longs 
and unclosed, with two independent discal nervules to the hinder margin beneath 
the tip. The costal nervure is short. The subcostal nearly straight, sending 
three nervules to the costa from the cell, the first from the middle of the wing, 
and its last branch bifid, with both branches above the apex. The median is 
two-branched, the one nearest the base bifid near its end. The submedian is 
furcate at its base. 

Hind wings narrower than the fore wings, costa nearly straight, but slightly 
curved ; apex decidedly produced, with the hind margin deeply and circularly 
excavated beneath it and the anal angle rounded. The discoidal cell is broad 
and unclosed, with a short independent discal nervule beneath the middle of 
the wing. Subcostal nervure simple. Median three-branched, the first de- 
livered to the inner margin rather behind the middle, the last to the rounded 
anal angle. 

Head smooth, with appressed scales. Forehead and face broad and round- 
ed. Ocelli none. Eyes oval, not prominent, flattened. Labial palpi short, 
somewhat reflexed, smooth, rather slender and pointed; terminal joint ex- 
tremely short, much slenderer than the middle. Maxillary palpi not percepti- 
ble. Antennz about one half as long as the fore wings, rather thick, but taper- 
ing, roughened ; basal joint rather slender and short. Tongue slender, scaled 
at the base, longer than the anterior coxe. 


N. lingulacella.—Head, face, and thorax, dark fuscous. Tegule 
golden. Labial palpi pale yellowish, terminal joint fuscous. Antenne dark 


1860.] 


168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


fuscous. Fore wings golden yellow. At the base of the costa is a dark golden 
brown patch, not extended beyond the fold, and margined behind and beneath 
with iridescent silvery. On the inner margin near the base and extended to 
the middle of the margin is a rather long patch of the same hue, with an iri- 
descent silvery internal patch and touched exteriorly with the same hue. A 
large trapezoidal golden brown patch on the middle of the costa is margined 
internally by a rather broad iridescent silvery streak, which is slightly dark 
margined internally, having also an external silvery streak produced in the 
middle of the wing toward the apex and beneath it, at its anterior angle, a 
brownish silvery blotch. pointing to the inner margin at the beginning of the 
cilia. In the apical portion of the wing is a silvery streak, dark margined on 
both sides behind, pointing into the costal cilia above the apex. The costa 
from the trapezoidal patch to the tip, is touched with dark brown; cilia dark 
brown ; beneath the apex varied with silvery on the base of the cilia. Hind 
wings dark brownish. 


TRYPANISMA. 


Fore wings ovate-lanecolate. The discoidal cell is rather narrow and elong- 
ately oval. The subcostal nervure sends three nervules to the costa, the last 
from the end of the cell, together with the apical branch which curves at its 
origin to send off a very short and faint discal nervure, and at its middle 
gives rise to a costal branch, becomes furcate behind the tip and delivers a 
branch above and one below the tip. The median is three-branched, the mid- 
dle branch being bifid. Submedian furcate atthe base. Hind wings narrower 
than the fore wings, with an intercostal cell at the base ; apex produced, deep- 
ly emarginate on hind margin and anal angle rounded. The costa is slightly 
emarginate in the middle. The discoidal cell broad, and ciosed by a very faint 
nervure from the middle of the subcostal, which is furcate near the tip. The 
discal nervule arises near the median, which is three-branched, with branches 
rather approximated. 

Size small. Head smooth, with appressed scales. Forehead and face rounded 
and rather broad. Ocelli none. Eyes oval, moderately prominent. Labial 
palpi moderate, arched ; middle joint slightly thickened with scales beneath, 
terminal as long as the second, smooth, pointed and tapering from the middle. 
Maxillary palpi not perceptible. Antenne slender and simple; about one half 
as long as the fore wings ; basal joint subclavate. Tongue scarcely so long as 
the labial palpi. 


T. prudens.—Head pale yellowish white dusted with fuscous. Face 
yellowish white. Labial palpi pale yellowish white, with two dark brown 
spots on the second joint and two rings on the terminal of the same hue, one 
at the base and one near the apex Thorax yellowish, dusted with fuscous. 
Antenne fuscous slightly annulated with yellowish. Fore wings fuscous, 
tinted with yellowish, with a small ochreous yellow patch on base of costa, 
one of the same hue on the middle of inner margin, extended to the middle of 
the wing and a band of the same hue near the tip, much angulated or nearly 
interrupted in the middle of the wing Hind wings fuscous. 

The generic characters of this insect approach those of Evagora. The larva 
lives within a silken web woven on the under surface of the leaves of chestnut 
oak. It feeds on the cuticles and parenchyma of both sides of the leaf, gaining 
the upper side by round holes eaten through its substance, and just large 
enough to admit the body; of these there were three at various points of 
the eaten surface. If alarmed the larva immediately retreats through the 
opening last made to the web on the under surface. The pupa is robust, 
almost ovoid and is contained in a slight cocoon woven on the leaf on which the 
larve feed. I have no description of the larva. It was taken July 22d, became 
a pupa on the 27th, and an imago on August 8th. 


[ May, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 169 


Bourauis Treitschke. 


B. fuscicomella.—-Head, face, labial palpi and thorax, yellowish fus- 
cous, antenne purplish fuscous. Fore wings purplish fuscous, tinted some- 
what with yellowish ; cilia purplish fnscous. Hind wings dark fuscous. _ 

Taken on wing in June. The egg is ellipsoidal ; dirty white ; investing 
membrane thin and covered with punctures, variolate. 


Fore wings with three subcosto marginal-branches, the apical simple ; apex pointed. 


B. flavifrontella.—Head and face pale brownish ochreous. Labia! 
palpi dark fuscous. Thorax and antenne purplish fuscous. Fore wings pur- 
plish fuscous, with a yeilow basal streak from the base to the middle of the 
wing, sometimes almost wanting, and the tip of the wing of the same hne. 
Hind wings dark fuscous. 


Fore wings with three nervules beneath the apical. 


B. matutella.—Head, face, thorax, and antenne dark brownish with a 
purple hue. Fore wings reddish fuscous, with a brassy lustre; a pale green- 
ish white spot rather obliquely placed near the middle of the wing and one 
of the same hue on the inner margin, near the apex. Hind wings dark fuscous, 
cilia the same. 


AwnarsiA ? Zeller. 


Fore wings ovate-lanceolate; with an opaque space on the costa, towards the 
end of the costal nervure and the first subcosto-marginal branch. Discoidal 
cell rather narrow, closed by a short nervure. The subcostal sends four 
branches to the costa, the first from a point rather behind the middle of the 
wing, much separated from the second, and the last furcate on the costa be- 
fore the tip, and a simple branch beneath the latter to inner margin just be- 
neath the tip of the wing. The median subdivides into four branches, rather 
approximated at their origins, the medio-posterior branch being nearly opposite 
to the second marginal. Subcostal furcate at the base. Hind wings trapezoidal, 
costa retuse, slightly emarginate beneath the tip, hind margin obliquely 
rounded ; broader than the fore wings. Subcostal nervure rather attenuated 
toward the base, with a faintly formed intercostal cell, furcate. Discoidal cell 
broad, closed, with a nervule given off to the hind margin. Median three- 
branched, medio-posterior branch distant from the others. 

Head smooth, covered thickly with decumbent scales. Forehead broad, al- 
most spherical; face rather narrow beneath. Ocelli none. Eyes rounded, 
moderately prominent. Labial palpi, second joint thick, with a very abundant 
tuft of hairs beneath prolonged in front ; third joint smooth, slender and pointed, 
as long as thesecond. Maxillary palpi, short and distinct. Antenne simple, 
searcely more than one-half so long as the fore wings, slightly denticulated, 
basal joint smooth. Tongue scaled at the base, about as long as the labial 
palpi. 

I have three specimens of the insect belonging to this genus, but none of 
them show the peculiar structure of the palpi of the European male. Whe- 
ther mine are all females or whether the individuals are generically distinct from 
the European, as the details of some parts of their structure seems to indicate, 
must be left for future determination. 


A.? pruniella.—Head and face pale gray ; thorax dark gray. Labial pal- 
pi dark fuscous externally and pale gray at the end; terminal joint gray, 
dusted with dark fuscous. Antenne grayish, annulated with dark brown. 
Fore wings gray, dusted with blackish brown, with a few blackish brown spots 
along the costa, the largest in the middle, and short blackish-brown streaks 
on the median nervure, subcostal, in the fold and one or two at the tip of the 
wing; cilia fuscous gray. Hind wings fuscous gray; cilia gray, tinted with 
yellowish. 


1860.] 


176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


The larva was taken June 16th, full grown and about to transform on the 
limbs of the plum. Its head is black, body uniform reddish-brown with indis- 
tinct papule, each giving rise to a hair, and with pale brown patches on the 
sides of the 3d and 4th segments; shield and terminal prolegs, black. One 
specimen had secreted itself under a turned up portion of the old bark of the 
trunk. The cocoon is exceedingly slight, and the tail of the pupa is attached 
to a little button of silk. The pupa is ovate, abdomen short and conical, 
smooth; color, dark reddish-brown. I do not know on what part of the tree 
the larva feeds. 


STILBOsIS. 


Fore wings narrow and pointed. Discoidal cell open, elongated and very 
narrow. Subcostal nervure,.with three nervules to the costa from the cell, and 
an apical branch which sends a nervule to the costa from its middle, and is bifid at 
the tip of the wing; the apical branch is nearly absolete from the third to the 
fourth marginal branch. Beneath the apical is adiscal nervule, which is obso- 
lete posteriorly from its middle. The median is three-branched ; the submedi- 
an, simple. Hind wings setaceous; the discoidal cell is open and moderately 
broad toward the base of the wing. The subcostal is obsolete toward the base 
and bifid at the tip of the wing; a discal nervule beneath it is obsolete posteriorly 
from its middle. The median subdivides into three separate branches. 

Head and face perfectly smooth. Ocelli none. Eyes small, oval and visible 
in front. Labial palpi moderate, somewhat curved, slender, smooth and 
pointed ; terminal joint as long and as thick as the middle, and very acute at 
its apex. Antenne rather thick, simple, somewhat roughened, rather short ; 
basal joint smooth and subclavate. Tongue short. 

This genus is nearly related to Cosmopteryx of Hiibner, but the labial pal- 
pi are much less developed, and the tongue much shorter. 


S. tesquella.—Head and face grayish-silvery, having a greenish splen~- 
dent lustre. Labial palpi ochreous. Antenne dark fuscous. Fore wings fus- 
cous-golden, tinted along the base of costa with reddish-violet; with three 
patches of raised scales, one in the fold near the base, one behind the middle of 
the wing, and one near the tip on the inner margin. the latter two are large and 
extended nearly to the costa. In certain lights these raised patches are golden 
internally, while the spaces of the wing between them become dark fuscous and 
with the light striking the wing from the tip the patches are dark ochreous 
and the last is extended obliquely into the costa as a streak of the same hue. 

The tip ofthe wing is reddish- violet, in certain lights dark fascous. The cilia 
are very long and are extended along the hind margin beyond the middle of 


the wing ; fuscous tinged with reddish. Hind wings dark fuscous, cilia the 
same. 


LAVERNA Curtis. 


Fore wings pointed, oblique along the hinder margin, with five veins be- 
neath the furcate apical vein. Discoidal cell narrow. Submedian furcate at 
each end; basal fork long, the apical fork shorter. Hind wings rather retuse 
on the costa before the tip; hind margin rounded or cimetar-shaped from base 
to apex. The subcostal is obsolete toward the base, simple, and runs into the 
costa before the tip. Discoidal cell closed, with a discal vein furcate at the 
tip. Median three-branched, the last two arising on a common base. 

Head smooth; backhead or vertex elongated. Forehead obtuse, advanced ; 
face retreating. Eyes oval, visible in front. Labial palpi moderately long, 
curved, smooth but rather loosely scaled ; second joint flattened toward its end, 
subclavate; the third short, smooth and pointed. Antenne rather more than 
one half as long as the fore wings, simple, setaceous, basal joint subclavate. 
Tongue sparingly scaled, extremely short, not one-half as long as the labial 


palpi. 
[May, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 171 


L. luciferella.—Head and face silvery, tinged with yellowish. Back- 
head dark fuscous. Labial palpi silvery; middle joint dark fuscous from the 
base to the middle, the terminal joint with a minute fuscous dot at its base. 
Antenne dark fuscous. Fore wings dark reddish fuscous, with a large, rather 
faint bluish silvery patch at the base, one on the middle of the costa, and a 
curved band near the tip ofthe wing, ofthesamehue. On the fold beneath the 
costal patch, is a patch of raised scales, and another on the inner margin join- 
ing the band behind. Exterior to the band the wing is touched with ochreous, 
containing in the middle a short dark fuscous streak, sometimes a pale yel- 
lowish white streak margined with dark fuscous, and on the costa just behind 
it, is a short pale yellowish-white streak, margined exteriorly with dark fus- 
cous. Apical portion of the wing is dark fuscous; cilia of inner margin fus- 
cous. Hind wings fuscous, cilia the same. 

Fore wings slenderly and shortly caudate at the tip. Apical vein with 
a long fork, with an independent discal nervure beneath it. Median four- 
branched. Submedian with a long basal fork, no apical fork, but with the 
end of the fold thickened. Labial palpi recurved, thickened at the end of 
second joint with loose scales; the third rather long, smooth and pointed. 
Tongue nearly as long as the anterior coxe. 


L. Elo isella.—Head, face and thorax silvery white, the latter spotted 
with blackish. Labial palpi white, with a dark brown spot on the middle of 
second joint, and two dark brown rings on the third, one at the base and 
one at the tip. Antenne tawny yellow, white at base. Fore wings silvery 
white, with a small tutt of tawny scales at the basal third of the fold, and a 
larger patch of the same hue on the inner margin at the end of and above the 
fold. Between the tufts, is an oblique dark brownish costal streak, nearly 
joined at an angle by another of the same hue in the middle of the wing and 
exterior to the first tuft; the fold is tinted with golden yellow. Exterior to 
the second tuft is a blackish-brown streak, which becomes diffuse behind and 
above, while the apical portion of the costa to the slender apex of the wing is 
golden yellow. At the base, beneath the fold, is a blackish-brown spot, and 
another of the same hue beneath the fold equidistant from the first and the 
first tuft of scales, and on the costa midway between these latter is a rather 
faint dark brownish spot. Cilia yellowish gray. Hind wings tawny-grayish, 
cilia ochreous. 


Curysocorys Curtis. 


C. Erythriella.—Head, face and thorax fuscous, with a greenish-brassy 
hue. Labial palpi ochreous, terminal jointfuscous. Antenne bronzy-yellow- 
ish fuscous. Fore wings reddish-fuscous, with a greenish-brassy hue; cilia ~ 
fuscous. Hind wings reddish fuscous, cilia the same. 

Specimens of this insect reared by myself were much smaller than those 
taken on the wing, had less of the brassy hue and were nearly uniform grayish 
fuscous, but I have no doubt it is the same insect. 

The larva feeds on the fruit racemes of Sumach. It tapers anteriorly and 
posteriorly, incisures deep, segments elevated in the middle, with a single 
row of transversely arranged epidermic points on each ring, each one giving rise 
to one or two rather stiff hairs ; abdominal legs very slender and short, termi- 
nal placed posteriorly. Head with a few hairs, ellipsoidal, pointed rather 
small, and pale brown. The body is uniform dark green. ‘* Frass’’ scarlet. 

The cocoon was woven on the outside of the raceme. It was ovoid, and ap- 
peared to consist of coarse silk and but a single thread, being woven so as to 
leave large meshes, enabling one to see the pupa through it distinctly. At 
maturity the pupa case is thrust forth. The pupa is pale green, with the 
head-case distinctly separated from the case of the thorax. The length of the 
larva is about two lines, of the pupa about one and a half. 

The larva may be taken in July; the imago appears early in August and 


1860.] 


172 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


may be taken on wing at this time in the neighborhood of the food plant of 
the larva. 


Exacuista Treitschke. 


I would beg here to call the student’s attention to the fact, that the genus 
described in Paper No. 3, January, 1860, under the name Cosmiotes, is the same 
as the present one. I much regret the existence of this error; it is not, how- 
ever, necessary to state how I came to be misled. 


Median vein of hind wings two-branched. Apical vein of fore wings with a 
branch from its middle to the costa, bifid at the tip; median vein two-branched. 

E. pr x maturel!la.—Head, face and labial palpi grayish fuscous. An- 
tennz rather dark fuscous. Fore wings fuscous with apurplish hue. Rather 
behind the middle of the wing is a white band, silvery-hued, and near the 
tip a costal and opposite dorsal spot of the same hue. Extreme apex of the 
wing white. with a row of dark brown atoms in the cilia, which are fuscous. 
Hind wings bluish-gray, cilia fuscous with a reddish hue. 

The imago may be taken on wing early in April. 


BRENTHIA. 


Fore wings almost cuneiform, rounded behind. The subcostal nervure sends 
a vein to the costa from the middle of the cell, and subdivides into two branches 
at the point of junction with the discoidal nervure; arising from this are jive 
veins to the hinder margin, and the median nervure subdivides into two 
branches at its tip. The subcostal is furcate at its base. The hind wings are 
broad, irregularly oval. The subcostal is simple. The discoidal does not 
join it, gives rise to three veins to the hind margin, and is deflected towards 
the base. The median is two-branched, the upper one being bifid about its 
middle. 

Head smooth. Forehead and face rounded. -Ocelli large. Eyes oval, and 
rather prominent. Labial palpi moderately long, rather slender, pointed and 
somewhat squamose; the terminal joint shorter than the second. Antenne 
slender, simple in the 92, rather densely ciliated in the §’. Tongue slightly 
scaled and very short. 

The insect belonging to this genus, which is nearly allied to Glyphipteryr 
of Hiibner, has the curious habit of strutting about broad leaves in shaded 
places, with its fore wings somewhat spread and the hind wings turned 
forward at right angles to the costa of the fore wings, so as to display the 
surface of the under pair. It is easily recognized by this characteristic alone. 


B. pavonacella.—Head and thorax fuscous; face whitish beneath. Labial 
palpi white, with three fuscous rings, one at the end of the second joint, one at 
the base of the terminal and one near its tip. Antenne fuscous, annulated with 
white. Fore wings fuscous, mottled with whitish, especially on the middle of 
the wing, with a fuscous spot on the middle of the disk, ringed with whitish. 
Near the hinder margin is a black band, not extended to the costa nor the 
inner margin, with two sharp indentations of the general hue internally, and 
containing on its middle a streak of brilliant scarlet-blue metallic scales. 
Along the costa are one or two faint spots of the same hue. Hind wings 
fuscous, whitish at the base and along the costa, with a short white line 
near the hind margin, above the inner angle of the wing, and a rather faint 
searlet-blue metallic hued band onthe hind margin, from near the tip to 
beyond the middle. The under surface of both wings show a metallic hued 
subterminal band. 

Imago on wing in July and August. 


PIGRITIA. 


Fore wings narrow, elongated, pointed and very slightly retuse on the costa 
before the tip. The subcostal sends to the costa, beyond the apical third of 


[May, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 173 


the wing, a long, thick vein which arises behind the middle, and subdivides 
into three branches at its tip, the apical being forked, with one of its branches 
delivered to the tip, and the other to the costa before it. The discoidal cell 
is much elongated and narrow, and sends to the hinder margin a disco-central 
branch. The median is three-branched at its tip, all of which are short, and 
the two upper veins arise on a common stalk. Submedian is forked at the 
base, with the lower branch nearly obsolete. Hind wings narrowly lanceolate, 
broad at base, with interior basal angle rounded. The subcostal vein is simple, 
and extended to the tip. Discoidal cell closed by a very faint nervure, giving rise 
to a simple nervule. Median nervure is three-branched, the last two branches 
from a common base. 

Head smooth, with decumbent scales, slightly retracted. Forehead broad 
and rounded; face, with the scales spreading out at the base of the tongue, so 
as to make it nearly equally broad. Eyes oval, vertically placed. Ocelli 
small. Labial palpi very short, smooth; first and second joints rather thick ; 
terminal joint pointed, slender, and as long as the second. No maxillary 
palpi. Antenne setaceous, simple in the Y, microscopically pubescent in 
the <j’, rather more than one-half as long as the fore wings; basal joint 
flattened and expanded into a small eye-cap, with cilia in front. Tongue 
scaled, rather longer than the thorax beneath. 

Ihave but one male, which is without labial palpi. With the aid of good 
lenses, I cannot make out whether they have been broken off, or whether 
they are naturally obsolete. Otherwise, the head is in most perfect condition. 

The genera Zelleria and Ocnerostoma are congeneric with this in the 
neuration of the wings, especially the hinder pair in the latter genus. 


P. laticapitella.—Head, face and thorax shining tawny fuscous. Labial 
palpi dark fuscous. Antenne fuscous, basal joint tawny fuscous. Fore wings 
dark fuscons, with a rufous tinge, sprinkled with white, especially toward the 
tip, with an indistinct whitish band behind the middle of the wing; cilia pale 
rufo-fuscous. Hind wings greyish-fuscous ; cilia the same. 


Parasia ? Duponchel. 


Fore wings lanceolate. The subcostal nervure sends three veins to the 
costa, the first from the middle of the cell, and an apical branch which 
delivers from its middle a branch to the costa, and is forked before the tip, with 
one of the branches above and the other beneath it. The discoidal cell is 
closed, but gives rise to no nervule. The median fan-branched, more 
separated than in Hvagora, and all the branches long. Submedian is forked 
at the base. Hind wings with the apex produced. ‘The submedian is forked 
beyond the discal nervure, which gives rise to a disco-central branch. The 
median is three-branched. 

Head smooth, with loose, decumbent scales. Forehead advanced ; globose, 
face retreating. Ocelli small. Eyes oval, vertically placed, but little visible 
from the front. Labial palpi rather short, recurved, smooth, with appressed 
scales; second joint thick, subclavate; third joint short, very acuminate. 
Maxillary palpi slort, distinct. Antenne simple, setaceous, one-third less 
long than the fore wings. Tongue clothed with scales, scarcely as long as the 
anterior coxe. 

This insect and Evagora apicitripunctella certainly approach each 
other closely in structure ; nevertheless, they are very different in appearance. 
The hind wings differ from those of Parasia in the produced apex being 
straight, and slightly in neuration. 


P.? subsimella.—Head, face and thorax ochreous-fuscous. Labial palpi, 
second joint dark brownish, ringed with whitish at its tip; third joint white, 
terminal half black. Antenne dark fuscous, basal joint striped with yellowish 
in front. Fore wings dark ochreous-fuscous ; along the costa from its middle, 


1860.] 


174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


and toward the tip, brown; and in the latter part much sprinkled with whitish. 
On the middle of the costa is a short, yellowish white streak, and in the 
apical third of the wing is an oblique line of the same hue, meeting in the 
middle of the wing another of the same hue from the inner margin. At and 
beneath the tip is a blackish brown spot, and in the cilia a dark fuscous line. 
Hind wings dark ochreous, cilia the same. 


DEPRESSARIA Haworth. 


D. Lecontella.—Head and face ochreous. Labial palpi ochreous ; 
second joint varied externally with fuscous; third joint with a slight fuscous 
ring at the base, and one near the tip. Antenne fuscous. Thorax ochreous, 
with two blackish brown dots before. Fore wings dark ochreous, with dis- 
persed blackish brown dots throughout the wing, two of which, about the 
middle of the median nervure, are more conspicuous than the others; 
cilia rather pale ochreous. Hind wings pale grayish-ochreous, cilia the same. 

This is the only true Depressaria I have found thus far; but we have other 
nearly allied species, which differ from it in the structure of the labial palpi. 
In this respect they resemble somewhat Gelechia rufescens of Europe, but 
differ from the genus to which it belongs in several particulars. I think 
they must form a group intermediate between Depressaria and Gelechia. 

I have now nearly worked up my collection of Tineina, and would beg those 
who feel interested in the continuation of these studies, to aid mein extending 
my knowledge of species, by contributing collections from their various neigh- 
borhoods. 


Description of a new species of Marginella. 
BY JOHN H. REDFIELD. 


MARGINELLA ROSCIDA Redf. 


T. rhombico-ovata, polita, cinereo-lutescente, albido guttulata, versus 
apicem albido-lineatd ; labis albo, crasso, reflexo, extis fulvo trimaculato, 
ints subdenticulato; spird modica ; anfractus quatuor exhibente; anfractu 
ultimo angulato, juxta aperturam calloso ; columella quadriplicata. 

Shell rhombic-ovate, polished, light grayish brown, minutely flecked with 
white ; towards and upon the spire the white spots tend to be confiuent in 
longitudinal lines. Lip white, well thickened, obtusely reflected, extending a 
little upon the penultimate whorl, slightly denticulate within, and bearing 
three brown spots, one at its junction with the spire, a second about midway, 
and the third near the base. Spire moderate, apex slightly colored, with 
about four whorls visible ; the last whorl is distinctly shouldered, a little be- 
neath the suture and near the aperture shows a vitreous deposit. Columella 
with four plaits; upper ones somewhat oblique, lower ones more so. Aper- 
ture yellowish brown within. Length 0°57 in. (14 millim.) ; breadth 0°32 in. 
(8 millim.) 

Habitat. Coast of South Carolina. 

Remarks. The general form of this shell is nearly that of MW. apicina Menke, 
and the spots upon the outer lip give it a further likeness to some varieties of 
that species, but the spire is more developed, and the last whorl more dis- 
tinctly angular than is usual in M. apicina, while the latter never displays 
the minute white flecking of the species under consideration. This last feature 
is common also to M. guttata, M. nivosa and M. pruinosa, but all these are 
quite different in form and in development of spire. 


[May, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 175 


Descriptions of new Organic Remains from the Tertiary, Cretaceous and 
Jurassic Rocks of Nebraska, 


BY F. B. MEEK AND F. V. HAYDEN. 


The following new species of fossil mollusca, belong mainly to the collections 
brought from Nebraska by the expeditions under the command of Lieut. G. K. 
Warren, of the U. S. Top. Engrs. in 1856-7 and 8. More extended descriptions 
of these and the other species already described by us from that region, together 
with remarks, comparisons, and full illustrations, will appear in Lieut. War- 
ren’s final report. 


TERTIARY SPECIES. 
GASTEROPODA. 


Hetix Eyanst, A. & H.—Shell small, suborbicular, spire depressed; volu- 
tions four and a halfto five, obliquely compressed, or a little convex above, 
rounded on the outer side, and very convex below, the most prominent part being 
near the umbilicus, concave within, and each embracing on the upper side about 
half, and below nearly the whole breadth of every succeeding inner turn ; sur- 
face unknown; umbilicus rather small, or about equalling the breadth of the 
widest part of the cuter volution ; aperture nearly obovate, its longer diameter 
being directed outwardand upward. Height, 0:10 inch; breadth, 0:17 inch. 

Named in honor of Dr. John Evans, Geologist, of Oregon. 

Locality and position. Hstuary beds at the mouth of Judith River. 


PLanorsis VETULUS, M. & H.—Shell discoidal, much compressed, spire slight- 
ly concave, umbilicus shallow, very little broader than the concavity on the 
upper side, and rather more than one-third wider than the outer whorl, show- 
ing about half of each inner turn ; volutions three and a half to four, compress- 
ed convex above and below, the upperside being a little more convex than the 
other, and sloping slightly outward from near the inner margin, rather distinct- 
ly angular around the outer side, a little below the middle, and deeply concave 
within for the reception of each succeeding inner whorl; sutures well defined, 
though not very deep; aperture sub-cordate, approaching an irregular hastate 
outline, very slightly oblique, having its longer axis in the direction of the 
greatest breadth of the shell; surface apparently nearly smooth, or only show- 
ing obscure marks of growth. Greatest breadth 0 23 inch ; height 0:05 inch. 

Locality and position. Upper part of the Tertiary forming the Bad Lands of 
White River. 


Prianorgis Leipy1, M. & H.—Shell small, subdiscoidal; spire flat, or alittle 
concave ; volutions scarcely three, increasing rather rapidly in size, not embrac- 
ing on the upper side, inner ones almost entirely hidden by the last turn below, 
all convex above, rather narrowly rounded on the upper outer side, ventricose 
and rounded below ; suture will defined ; umbilicus small, or less than half the 
breadth of the outer whorl, deep and scarcely permitting the inner volutions to 
be counted; surface marked by fine delicate lines of growth; aperture sub- 
circular, or obliquely a little oval, flattened or somewhat concave on the inner 
side. Greatest breadth, 0-22 inch ; height, 0:09 inch. 

Named in honor of Prof. Jos. Leidy of Philadelphia. 

Locality and position, same as last. 


CONCHIFERA. 


Spamriom pLanum, M. & H.—Shell rather small, broad oval or subcircular, 
much compressed; extremities more or less regularly rounded, the posterior mar- 
gin being sometimes faintly subtruncate ; base semi-oval in outline ; cardinal 
margin rounding gradually from near the middle ; beaks very small, compressed. 
and scarcely extending beyond the hinge margin, nearly central ; surface marked 


1860.] 


176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


by fine irregular, obscure, concentric strie. Length, 0°38 inch; height, 0-32 


inch ; convexity 0.08 inch. 
Locality and position, Near the mouth of Grand River on the Upper Missouri. 


SPH#HRIUM RECTICARDINALE, M. & H.—Shell of medium size, transversely 
subelliptical, rather compressed, very thin; anterior side rounded ; base form- 
ing aregular semielliptic curve; posterior extremity obliquely subtruncate above, 
and rather narrowly rounded below; cardinal margin long and straight ; beaks 
very small, compressed, and projecting but slightly above the hinge, located 
nearly half way between the middle and the anterior end ; surface marked by 
moderately distinct, irregular lines of growth. Length, 0°55 inch; height, 0:36 
inch ; breadth, 0:24 inch. 

Locality and position, same as last. 


Cyrena (CoRBICULA ?) CYTHERIFORMIS, M. & H.-Shell broad trigonal ovate, vary- 
ing to subcircular, rather thick and strong; extremities more or less rounded ; 
base semiovate, usually more prominent before than behind the middle; dorsal 
outline sloping from the beaks, the anterior slope being more abrupt than the 
other, and slightly concave, while the posterior is convex; beaks rather ele- 
vated, moderately gibbous, located in advance of the middle; surface marked 
by fine lines of growth, which sometimes show a very slight tendency to gather 
into small irregular concentric wrinkles. Length, inches ; height, inch; 


thickness, inch. 
Locality and position. Estuary beds, near mouth of Judith River. 


CRETACEOUS SPECIES. 
CEPHALOPODA. 
Genus Puy.ioreuTuis, M. & H. 


PuyLLoTeuTHIs suzovaTus, M. & H.—The specimens on which we propose to 
found this genus and species consist of the expanded portion of the pen or 
gladius. This organ seems to have been corneous, and is thin, very wide or 
subovate in form, a little concave on the under side, and convex above. From 
behind the middle it narrows towards the front, the outline of the lateral mar- 
gins being convex, while the posterior end is more or less obtusely angular. 
The shaft is broken away in our specimens, but that portion of it extending 
backward and forming the midrib of the expanded part, is narrow, prominent, 
and rather sharply carinate above, while on the under side it is merely repre- 
sented by a narrow groove. The lateral expansions are crossed a little ob- 
liquely backward and outward, at an angle of about 65° from the midrib, by 
numerous slender, ridged parallel strie, which are very nearly straight, or very 
slightly curved backward near the outer margins. Length of expanded part, 
exclusive of the shaft, 1:55 inch; breadth of do., 0-82 inch. 

Apparently near the Liassic genera Beloteuthis and Teudopsis, or at any rate 
to species that have been, with doubtful propriety, ranged in these groups. 

Locality and position. Moreau River, in formation No. 5. 


Heiicoceras aNGuLatum —Of this shell we have seen but a single nonseptate 
fragment, 2°78 inches in length, with a diameter of 1-50 inches at the larger end, 
and 1°37 inches at the smaller. It is rounded, or subcylindrical, and makes a 
broad (sinistral?) spiral curve, in such a manner that if continued around, the 
volutions would be disconneeted, and encircle an umbilical cavity apparently 
more than three times their own breadth. The surface is ornamented by dis- 
tinct angular costz, which pass around the whorls obliquely and support two 
rows of nodes on the lower outer side, where they sometimes bifurcate. Septa 


unknown. : : 
Locality and position. Head of south branch of Shyenne River, in the upper 


part of formation No. 4, of the Nebraska geries. 
(May, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. bY ori 


AMMONITES PLACENTA, var. INTERCALARIS.—It is possible this shell may be spe- 
cifically distinct from A. placenta of Dekay, but it agrees with that species so 
nearly that we are in doubt about the propriety of considering it entitled to 
rank as a species. It differs externally from the typical forms of Dekay’s 
species, in being rather less compressed, and in having a slightly larger umbili- 
cus, while instead of a single series of scarcely perceptible transversely elon- 
gated prominences on each side, it has a row of small, but distinct nodes a 
little less than one-third of the way across from the dorsum, and another more 
prominent series near the umbilicus. It also differs in having a row of small, 
pinched, alternating nodes on each of the two dorsal angles. 

With these external differences, however, the septa of the shell under con- 
sideration, are so very similar in all their details to those of A. placenta, that 
we are at present inclined to regard it as a variety of that species. 

It is also worthy of note, that the form before us is closely related to A. syr- 
talis of Morton, being in fact almost exactly intermediate between that shell and 
A. placenta, as well in form and external ornaments, as in the characters of its 
septa. Its exact relations to these species can perhaps only be settled by a 
careful comparison of a more extensive series of specimens than has yet been 
obtained; in the mean time it may be made known as a subspecies, under the 
name A. placenta, var. intercalaris, and should it prove distinct, it may take the 
latter as a specific name. It seems to attainalarge size. Ourspecimen, which 
consists of inner septate whorls, is 5-70 inches in its greatest diameter, with 
a thickness or convexity of 1-62 inches. 

Locality and position. Sheyenne River, in the upper part of Formation No. 4 
of the Nebraska Cretaceous series. 


AMMONITES VERMILIONENSIS, M. & H.—Shell compressed discoidal ; umbilicus 
large, very shallow, and showing about four-fifths of each inner whorl; volu- 
tions five or more, rather sharply carinated around the middle of the dorsum, 
and ornamented on each side by nearly straight, simple, moderately strong, 
obtuse cost, which show a tendency to develope nodes at each extremity. 
Greatest diameter 1:05 inches ; convexity about 0-29 inch. 

Locality and position. Mouth Vermilion River, in Formation No. 2, of the 
Nebraska section. 


Scapuites Warren, M. & H.—Shell small, transversely subovate, moderately 
compressed, rounded on the dorsum; umbilicus rather small; volutions sub- 
cylindrical, height and breadth nearly equal, increasing gradually in size; non- 
septate portion of last turn slightly compressed laterally, and deflected from 
the regular curve of the others, so as to become nearly or quite disconnected 
at the aperture. Surface of the inner whorls ornamented by numerous small 
coste, which increase chiefly by implantation, and all cross the dorsum very 
regularly without arching; on the sides of the non-septate outer chamber, 
about every fourth or fifth one of the coste is much more prominent and 
sharper than the others, and extends quite across to the umbilical side, while 
those between die out, or coalesce with the others at various distances. 

Length 1:45 inches ; height about 1-22 inches; breadth 0:57 inch. 

Locality and position. Near the Black Hills, in formation No. 2 of the Ne- 
braska Section. 


ScaPHITES NODOSUS, Var, PLENUS.—We suspect the noble specimen we here 
propose to notice provisionally, as a variety of Dr. Owen’s Scaphites nodosus, may 
prove to belong to a distinct species, but as we are not yet fully satisfied on 
this point, it is perhaps better to regard it, for the present, as a marked variety 
of Dr. Owen’s species; and should further comparison demonstrate that it is 
entitled to rank as a species, it can take as a specific name that by which we 
have designated it as a variety. It differs externally from Dr. Owen’s figure.of 
8. nodosus, in being greatly more ventricose, and shorter in proportion to its 
height, while its inner rows of nodes are much smaller and nearer the umbili- 


1860.] 11 


178 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


cus. There are also some differences in the details of the septa, which cannor, 
however, be readily explained without figures. It is likewise much larger than 
the specimen represented by Dr. Owen, or any individuals of that form we have 
he its length being 4:57 inches; height 3-87 inches, and its breadth 2-53 
inches. 

Locality and position. On Yellow Stone River, 150 miles above the mouth, in 
the upper part of formation No. 4 of the Nebraska Cretaceous Series. 


GASTEROPODA, 


AporrHais parva, M. & H.—Shell small, conical, subfusiform ; spire moder- 
ately elevated, and acute at the apex; volutions six or seven, separated by a 
small but rather distinct suture, and having around the middle a single series 
of very oblique, flexuous folds, or node-like cost, which do not extend to the 
suture either above or below; last whorl having just below the row of nodes, 
a small but well defined revolving angle; surface marked by very obscure 
lines of growth, and fine, closely set, revolving strie. Length about 0-28 inch; 
breadth of body whorl, 0-15 inch; apical angle a little convex, divergence 33°. 

Locality and position, same as last. 


APORRHAIS SUBLEVIS, M. & H.—Shell conical, or subfusiform ; spire elevated ; 
volutions seven or more, convex, and separated by a rather distinct, though 
not deep suture ; last one convex above, and abruptly contracted below, having 
2 (single ?) small, revolving angle, which passes around to the suture, but is 
met seen on the succeeding turn above. Surface polished, and marked by 
moderately distinct, arcuate lines of growth, which are crossed by rather ob- 
secure revolving lines, nearly equalling the spaces between, on the spire, but 
more distant. with sometimes a few indistinct, irregular, very fine, parallel 
striz between on the body whorl; aperture and lip unknown. Length about 
0°54 inehs breadth of body whorl, 0:26 inch; apical angle slightly convex, 
divergence 37°. 

Locality and position. Yellow Stone River, Upper part of No. 4, Nebraska 
section. 


DENTALIUM PAUPERCULUM, M. & H.— Shell small, arcuate, slender and taper- 
ing gradually; section circular; substance comparatively thick; surface 
smooth, vut showing under a magnifier extremely fine, obscure lines of growth, 
which pass around somewhat obliquely. Length (of an incomplete specimen, 
measuring from the apex,) 0°26 inch; diameter of same at apex 0°03 inch, do. 
at larger extremity 0-06 inch. 

Locality and position. Moreau River, formation No. 5 of the Nebraska section. 


Cyticuna scrtota, M. & H.—Shell smail, rather thick, narrow, subelliptical, 
or subcylindrical; spire entirely hidden; summit truncate, and occupied by a 
comparatively large umbilicoid depression; aperture very narrow, moderately 
arched, and equalling the greatest length of the shell; umbilical region 
slightly impressed; inner lip reflexed upon the columella, which seems to be 
slightly twisted, so as to form a small indistinct fold at its base; surface 
marked by fine, obscure lines of growth, which are crossed by impressed, re- 
volving strie, separated by spaces about twice or three times their own 
breadth, near the middle of the outer whorl, but becoming much more closely 
crowded towards the extremities. Length 0:24 inch; breadth 0-14 inch; 
widest part of aperture 0-07 inch, breadth of same near upper extremity, only 
002 inch. 

Locality and position. Moreau River, No. 5 of the Nebraska section. 


CONCHIFERA. 


TEREDO SELLIFORMIS, M. & H.—Shell small, subglobose ; posterior side nar- 
rowly rounded above, gaping, and having a broad, more or less angular notch 


[May, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 179 


below; antero-ventral side provided with a large hiatus, formed by a similar, 
but deeper rectangular notch, whick extends from the base nearly half way up 
to the beaks, and back almost to the middle of the valves; base, between the 
anterior and posterior notches, extended downward in the form of a narrow 
prolongation, which curves under, and is the only part of the ventral borders 
of the two valves that come in contact; beaks elevated, gibbous, incurved, 
and located between the middle and the anterior margin; surface ornamented 
by small concentric lines, which are curved, and deflected parallel to the great 
irregularities of the free borders, and crossed by two distinct radiating grooves, 
one of which passes from the back part of the beaks obliquely downward and 
backward te the corner of the posterior notch, and the other nearly directly 
downward to the extremity of the ventral prolongation. Length, of a medium 
sized specimen, 0-16 inch; height 0-14 inch; gibbosity 0-13 inch. 
Locality and position. Fort Clark, on the Missouri, in formation No. 5. 


Mactra Srouxensis, M. & H.—Internal cast oval-subtrigonal, moderately 
gibbous; anterior border narrowly rounded ; posterior margin subangular at 
the extremity; base forming a nearly semiovate curve, the most prominent 
part of which is in front of the middle ; dorsal outline declining with a slightly 
convex outline behind the beaks, and distinctly concave in front of them ; beaks 
prominent, rather gibbous, very nearly central; pallial impression provided 
with an oval sinus, which appears to be a little narrower behind than in the 
middle, rounded at the anterior extremity, and extending nearly in a horizontal 
direction, about three-fourths of the way towards the middle of the valves. 
Length 1-55 inches; height, 1:22 inches; convexity 0-76 inch. 

Locality and position. Near mouth of Big Sioux River, in formation No. 1, 
of the Nebraska Cretaceous series. 


Mactra Gracitis, M. & H.—Shell small, rather thin, ovate-subtrigonal, 
moderately gibbous, anterior end rounded, a little broader than the other ; 
base forming a broad semiovate curve, being usually more prominent towards 
the front than behind; posterior margin rather narrowly rounded, or sub- 
truncate; beaks moderately prominent, and located slightly in advance of the 
middle; escutcheon comparatively large, lance-ovate in form; surface marked 
by distinct, regular lines of growth: hinge unknown. Length 0-49 inch; 
height 0°38 inch; convexity about 0:24 inch. 

Locality and position. On Yellowstone River, 150 miles above the mouth, in 
beds containing a mingling of the fossils of No. 4 and 5. 


TELLINA? ForMoSA, M. & H.—Shell subelliptical, very thin, moderately con- 
vex ; anterior extremity a little wider than the other, but very narrowly round- 
ed; posterior side subangular at the extremity; base forming a semi-elliptical 
curve; dorsum sloping gradually, with a slightly convex outline in front and 
rear; beaks small, and located almost exactly in the middle; surface marked 
by rather obscure, irregular lines of growth, and extremely fine radiating striz, 
only visible by the aid of a magnifier; hinge unknown. Length 0°67 inch; 
height 0°40 inch; convexity (of a right valve) about 0°13 inch. 

Locality and position. Tventy miles below mouth of Cannon Ball River, 
formation No. 5. 


Cyprina HuMILIS. M. & H.—Shell ovate, gibbous, thick, very oblique; ante- 
rior margin scarcely extending beyond the beaks, abruptly rounded below; 
base semiovate in outline, most prominent towards the front, sometimes a little 
contracted behind ; posterior extremity rounding obliquely, with a broad curve 
from the dorsum to the postero-basal extremity, which is narrowly rounded ; 
beaks very oblique, almost overhanging the anterior border, declining and 
turned a little inwards at the extremities; umbonal slopes prominent from near 
the beaks obliquely backward to the lower part of the anal margin; surface 
marked by distinct, subimbricating lines of growth. Length 1:70 inches; 
height 1:34 inches; breadth 1-30 inches. 


1860.] 


180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Locality and position. North branch of Cheyenne River, near Black Hills, 
formation No. 5. 


AvicuLta susaipposa, M. & H.—Shell (left valve) obliquely rhombic-oval, 
or ovate, moderately gibbous; anterior margin contracted, or a little concave 
in outline just below the wing, from which point it descends obliquely back- 
ward, with a broad, gently convex sweep, into the base; posterior border rather 
broadly rounded below, distinctly sinuous under the wing above; hinge line 
straight, a little less than the height of the shell. Anterior wing forming an 
equilateral triangle, compressed, and rather distinct from the umbo; posterior 
wing having the form of a very inequilateral triangle, the posterior side of 
which is much the shortest, compressed, moderately distinct from the more 
gibbous part of the valve, forming an angle’of about 50° at the extremity ; beak 
small, slightly elevated above the hinge, gibbous, located a little less than one- 
third the length of the hinge, behind the anterior extremity ; posterior muscu- 
lar scar large, oval or ovate, and located a little above the middle. Height 
1-40 inches; length, measuring from the postero-basal extremity obliquely 
forward and upward to the point of the beak, 1-72 inches; length of hinge 
1-32 inches. 

This species resembles A. linguiformis, Evans & Shumard, but is much broad- 
er and less oblique, while its postero-basal margin is more broadly rounded. 
Our specimen is a cast, and does not show the surface-markings, excepting on 
the anterior wing, where the marks of growth are rather distinct and subim- 
bricating. 

Locality and position. Long Lake, above Fort Pierre, formation No. 5. 

INOCERAMUS CuNEATUS, M. & H.—Shell oblong-ovate, moderately gibbous in 
the umbonal and anterior regions, very nearly or quite equivalve, rather thin ; 
buccal side descending from the beaks at first, almost at right angles to the 
hinge, after which it gradually curves obliquely backward and downward, so 
as to pass by a graceful sweep into the base ; posterior side long, compressed, 
broader than the other extremity, and regularly rounded ; ventral border form- 
ing a semiovate curve, the most prominent part of which is behind the middle; 
hinge very long, and nearly straight. Beaks very nearly terminal, or located 
almost directly over the anterior border, oblique, rising little above the hinge, 
equal, and but slightly incurved. Surface marked by rather distinct, more or 
less regular undulations. Length 3-90 inches; height 2:75 inches; convexity 
2 inches. 

Locality and position. Yellow Stone River, 150 miles above the mouth, in 
beds containing a blending of the fossils of formations Nos. 4 and 5. 


InoceramMus Vanuxemi, M. & H.—Shell large, subcircular or broad oval, 
equivalve, and much compressed ; anterior margin rounded; base forming a 
nearly semicircular curve, being a little more prominent behind than in front ; 
posterior side longer and wider than the other, broadly rounded or subtruncate ; 
hinge (of moderate length ?) straight, and forming an angle of about 70° with 
the axis of the umbones. Beaks small, compressed, scarcely rising above the 
hinge, not distinctly incurved, located a little in advance of the middle. Sur- 
face ornamented by regular, distinct, angular, but not very prominent concen- 
tric undulations, which are separated by rather shallow depressions. Length 
of the largest specimen we have seen, 10 inches; height of do. 9 inches. 

Locality and position. White River above the Bad Lands, in upper part of 
formation No. 4. 


InoceraMus Batcuu, M. & H.—Shell large, subquadrate, or broad oblong- 
oval, much compressed ; anterior side truncate obliquely forward above, at an 
angle of about 115° with the hinge, rounding into the base below; ventral 
margin forming a broad curve, the most prominent part of which is a little 
behind the middle; posterior side longer and wider than the other, broadly 
rounded, (sometimes subtruncate above ?); hinge line rather long, forming an 


[May, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 18] 


angle of about 60° with the umbonal axis. Beaks narrow, rising somewhat 
above the hinge, scarcely incurved, located about half way between the middle 
and the most prominent part of the anterior border. Surface ornamented by 
very slightly elevated, broadly rounded, rather irregular undulations, which 
become entirely obsolete on large specimens below the middle, and on the pos- 
terior as well as the lower anterior regions. Attains a diameter of 3} to 4 
inches. 

Named after Lieut. G. T. Balch, of U.S. Ordinance—who discovered the 
only specimens of the species we have seen. 

Locality and position. White River above the Mawvaises Terres. 


INocreRAMUS SUBCOMPRESSUs, M. & H.—Shell rhombic-oval, compressed, very 
thin; anterior side rounded below the beaks; base forming a long semiovate 
curve, the most prominent part of which is behind the middle; posterior side 
long, very narrowly rounded and prominent below the middle, subtruncate ob- 
liquely forward above; hinge of moderate length, forming an angle of about 40° 
with the umbonal axis. Beaks small, scarcely rising above the hinge, located 
nearly over the anterior extremity. Surface ornamented by somewhat regular 
concentric undulations. Length 2°55 inches; height 1:70 inches. 

Locality and position. Mouth of Judith River, formation No. 1? of Nebraska 
section. 


INocERAMUS aAvicuLoIDs, M. & H.—Shell compressed, often broad ovate or 
subcircular when young, but becoming obliquely oval or subrhomboidal in 
outline as it advanced in age; substance thin and fragile. Anterior and basal 
margins forming a broad gentle curve; posterior extremity narrowly rounded 
below, ascending obliquely forward, with a slightly convex outline above, and 
meeting the hinge at an angle of about 120°. Hinge margin long, straight and 
compressed, so as to form an alate expansion behind. Beaks nearly terminal, 
scarcely rising above the hinge, not gibbous or distinctly incurved. Surface 
ornamented by more or less regular concentric undulations and obscure lines 
of growth. Length from the beaks obliquely backward and downward to the 
postero-basal edge, about 3 inches; height from base to hinge, 2:30 inches. 

Locality and position. Little Blue River, formation No. 3. 


Awnomia oBLiqgua, M. & H.—Shell thin, broad oval, subcircular, or somewhat 
irregular, and more or less oblique; upper valve rather convex, beak nearly or 
quite marginal, and placed nearer the anterior side, moderately gibbous; sur- 
face marked concentrically by fine obscure lines, and small wrinkles of growth. 
Length about 1-32 inches ; breadth 1-16 inches. 

Locality and position. Near mouth of Niobrara River, in formation No. 3 of 
the Nebraska section. 


ANomIA suBTRIGoNALIS, M. & H.—Shell subtrigonal, approaching subcircular, 
extremely thin and fragile; upper valve moderately convex ; anterior side sub- 
truncate, with a slightly convex outline, rounding abruptly at its junction with 
the ventral margin; posterior side obliquely truncate from the beak, and very 
narrowly rounded at its connection with the ventral border, provided with a 
broad, oblique, rounded fold; pallial margin nearly straight, or but slightly 
convex; umbo marginal and rather prominent. Lower valve nearly flat, or 
compressed, and more irregular than the other. Surface marked by small, 
irregular, concentric wrinkles, and very obscure lines of growth. Length 1:57 
inch; breadth 1-14 inch. 

Locality and position. Bijou Hill, on the Missouri, formation No. 4. 


OsTREA INoRNaTA, M. & H.—Shell small, narrow subovate, rather thin, 
attached by the whole under surface of the lower valve; beaks pointed and 
curved usually to the left side; under valve conforming to the contour of the 
surface to which it adhered, moderately concave, area small and narrow ; upper 
valve rather convex, having its beak less pointed than that of the other valve; 


1860, 


182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


surface smooth, or only marked by very obscure lines of growth, with sometimes 
a few very small, irregular, nearly obsolete radiating wrinkles near the lower 
border. Length about 1-40 inches; breadth 0-87 inch. 

Locality and position. Great Bend of the Missouri, below Fort Pierre—lower 
part of No. 4, Nebraska section. 


JURASSIC SPECIES. 
CONCHIFERA. 


PHoLapoMyA HUMILIs, M. & H.—Shell transversely oblong-oval, ventricose ; 
posterior end rounded, and more or less gaping; base nearly straight along the 
middle; anterior end very short, narrowly rounded below the beaks; dorsum 
nearly parallel with the base, slightly concave in outline; escutcheon lanceo- 
late, and bounded by an obscure angle on each side; beaks depressed, gib- 
bous, incurved, and located in advance of the middle; surface ornamented by 
small, regular, concentric wrinkles, crossed by a few raised lines, or obscure, 
distant, radiating coste, extending from the back part of the beaks, to the pos- 
terior, and postero-basal margins. Length about 1:06 inch; height 0-52 inch; 
breadth 0°52 inch. 

Locality and position. Lower Jurassic series, at the south-west base of the 
Black Hills. 


Myacites Neprascensis, M. & H.—Shell elongate, subelliptical, rather convex ; 
extremities narrowly rounded, the posterior end being sometimes apparently 
obliquely subtruncate, and more or less gaping above; base nearly straight, or 
very slightly sinuous along the middle, rounding up gradually towards the 
ends; dorsum behind the beaks concave in outline; posterior umbonal slopes 
gibbous, or prominently rounded ; antero-ventral region a little compressed, 
- or contracted from near the middle of the base obliquely forward and upward ; 
beaks moderately elevated, gibbous, incurved, and located near the anterior 
end; surface ornamented by concentric stri#, and small, very obscure, irregu- 
lar parallel wrinkles. Length about 1-43 inch; height 0-69 inch; breadth 0°59 
inch. 

Locality and position. South-west base Black Hills. Jurassic. 

Turacia? SUBLEVIS, M. & H.—Shell narrow oblong-oval, rather compressed ; 
anterior end narrowly rounded; base nearly straight along the middle, round- 
ing up toward the ends; posterior side longer than the other, rounded or 
slightly truncate, and apparently gaping a little at the extremity; dorsal ber- 
der concave in outline, and nearly horizontal behind the beaks, declining more 
abruptly in front; beaks moderately elevated, the right one being usually a 
little higher than the other, located in advance of the middle; posterior um- 
bonal slopes prominently rounded; surface concentrically striate; hinge and 
interior unknown. Length 1-17 inch; height 0-60 inch; breadth about 0-32 
inch. 

Locality and position. Near the middle of the Jurassic deposits at the south- 
west base of the Black Hills. 


Turacia? arncuaTA, M. & H.—Shell small, transversely subovate, more or 
less arcuate, moderately convex; extremities rather narrowly rounded, anda 
little gaping; cardinal margin sloping from the beaks, anterior slope more 
abrupt than the other; beaks rather elevated and unequal, that of the right 
valve being higher than the other, located in advance of the middle ; posterior 
and anterior umbonal slopes prominent; sides of the valves flattened or slightly 
concare in the central region near the base; surface of cast retaining small 
concentric marks of growth; hinge and interior unknown. Length, 0 62 inch; 
height, 0°37 inch; thickness or convexity, 0-23 inch. 

Locality and position. Same as last. 


Carpium Suumarp!, M. & H.—Shell small, subcircular, rather gibbous; an- 


{May, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 183 


terior side rounded ; base more broadly rounded ; posterior side obliquely sub- 
truncate above and passing with an abrupt curve into the base below; hinge 
margin rather short, and sloping slightly from the beaks, which are moderately 
elevated, gibbous and nearly central; posterior umbonal slopes angular; sur- 
face of cast retaining only traces of small radiating coste or lines un the pro- 
minent posterior umbonal slopes, and flattened postero-dorsal region; hinge 
and interior unknown. Length 0-44 inch; height 0°37 inch; thickness 0°32 
inch. 

Named in honor of Dr. George G. Shumard, of the Texas Geological Survey. 

Locality and position. Jurassic, beds south-west base of Black Hills. 


TANCREDIA? AHQUILATERALIS, M. & H.—Shell very nearly equilateral, mode- 
rately convex; anterior end rather narrowly rounded; base forming a broad, 
regular, semielliptic curve; posterior end slightly truncate on the upper oblique 
slope, narrowly rounded below, apparently not gaping ; beaks depressed, loca- 
ted a little in advance of the middle; surface of cast retaining traces of con- 
centric striz ; hinge and interior unknown. Length 1 inch; height 0-64 inch ; 
breadth about 0-16 inch. 

Locality and position. South-west base Black Hills—Jurassic. 


TANCREDIA Warrenana, M. & H.—Shell small, trigonal ovate, moderately 
convex, anterior half a little narrower and more compressed than the other, 
narrowly rounded at the extremity ; base forming a broad gentle curve; pos- 
terior side subtruncate, angular, or abruptly rounded below; dorsum sloping 
from the beaks, the anterior slope being slightly concave in outline, and the 
other nearly straight, or a little convex; beaks elevated, but not extending 
much above the cardinal edge ; posterior umbonal slopes prominent, or sub- 
angular; surface and hinge unknown. 

Named in honor of Lieut. G. K. Warren, U. S. Top. Engineers. 

Length 0°50 inch; height 0-33 inch; breadth about 0:14 inch. 

Localily and position. Same as last. 


ASTARTE FRAGILIS, M. & H.—Shell small, rather broad oval, thin, moderately 
compressed; anterior end rounded; base nearly straight along the middle, 
rourding up regularly in front, and more abruptly behind: posterior extremity 
obscurely subtruneate; dorsum straight and slightly declining behind the 
beaks, which are small, obtuse, rather depressed, and located alittle in advance 
of the middle; posterior umbonal slopes prominent; surface ornamented by 
distinct, irregular concentric wrinkles and fine parallel stria ; hinge and interior 
unknown; pallial margin crenulate within. Length 0:45 inch; height 0°32 
inch; breadth or convexity 0°18 inch. 

Locality and position. South-west base of the Black Hills—Jurassic. 


AsrTarte inorNATA, M. & H.—Shell subelliptical, compressed; extremities 
rounded, the posterior margin forming a broader curve than the other; base 
semielliptical in outline; dorsum declining from the beaks, the anterior slope 
being a little concave, and the other nearly straight or slightly convex; beaks 
moderately elevated, compressed, angular in front, located just in advance of 
the middle; lunule rather deep, lance-oval, bounded on each side by a more 
or less distinct angle; surface marked by concentric striz, with a tendency to 
develop small, very obscure concentric wrinkles. Length 1:15 inches; height 
0°79 inch : breadth or convexity 0-44 inch. 

Locality and position. Same as last. 


Trigonra Conrapi, M. & H.—Shell rather small, subtrigonal, moderately 
convex; anterior side truncate ; base rounded ; posterior side sloping obliquely 
from the beaks above, and apparently vertically truncate at the extremity; beaks 
elevated, narrow, incurved, and located in advance of the middle; posterior 
umbonal slupes distinctly angular; surface ornamented by rather small, 
obscure concentric costa, which on the posterior side of the valves, descend 


1360.] 


184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


at first perpendicularly, after which they are deflected forward parallel to the 
basal aad anterior borders. Length and height, each about 0-97 inch; con- 
vexity 0°58 inch. 

Locality and position. South-west base Black Hills, Jurassic. 

Named in honor of Mr. T. A. Conrad, the well known paleontologist, of 
Philadelphia. 


PecrEN EXTENUATUS, M. & H.—Shell broad ovate, or sub-circular, thin, 
compressed; basal mirgin rounded; beaks small; hinge line rather short; 
ears unknown; surface apparently haviog only concentric striw of growth. 
Height 0-98 inch. length 0-90 inch; convexity 0°28 inch. 

Locality and position. South-west base of Black Hills, in a sandstone of lower 
Jurassic age. 


PALAOZOIC. 


Myauina avicoLorpEes, M. & H.—Shell subtrigonal, higher than long, very 
convex, or sometimes subangular down the umbonal slopes ; anterior margin 
distinctly sinuous above the middle, thence descending with a slightly convex 
curve, nearly at right angles with the hinge, to the basal extremity, which is 
narrowly rounded; posterior side compressed, its margin curving a little 
forward above, or intersecting the hinge at right angles, slightly convex, and 
nearly perpendicular along the middle, below which it curves obliquely forward 
to the abruptly rounded basal extremity; hinge straight, nearly equalling the 
length of the shell; beaks very convex, subangular, and curving rather abruptly 
forward, so as to become nearly, or quite terminal ; surface having moderately 
distinct marks of growth. Length, 1°48 inch; height, 1-66 inch; convexity, 
(of left valve), 0°32 inch. 

This will be readily distinguished from all the other species of the genus 
known to us, by its more accurate front, and the extension of its anterior margin 
under the beaks, above its most sinuous part. Ps 

Locality and position. From the upper beds, containing Permian types of 
fossils, on Cottonwood creek, Kanzas Territory. 


Nore. In going carefully over these extensive collections, we have in addition 
to finding the new species here described, succeeded in working from the matrix, 
better specimens of many of those already published by us, than had been pre- 
viously obtained. The additional information derived from these, and a more 
careful review of the subject has enabled us to make several corrections 
in the synonyma, as well as in the generic references, a list of which is given 
below. 

It will also be observed, that we have made quite a number of other changes, 
in order to range the species under the oldest generic names proposed after the 
introduction by Linneus, of the binomial system. We must confess, however, 
that we have some doubts whether science is to be much benefitted by a strict 
observance of the law of priority, in such cases as those where it becomes 
necessary to change long established names. We nevertheless make some 
such changes in conformity with usages rapidly gaining ground, and probably 
destined soon to become universal amongst conchologists and laborers in other 
departments of Natural History. 

The transfer of several species formerly published under the names Hamites, 
Ancyloceras? and Turrilites, to the genus Helicoceras, has been made in accord- 
ance with the views of Mr. Daniel Sharpe, (Fossil Mol. Chalk, England, part 
3d, Cephalopoda, p. 59, Paleont. Soc.) who refers all the so called Turrilites 
having rounded whorls, with the siphuncle placed on the dorsal or outer side, to 
the genus Helicoceras, whether the whorls are in contact or not. The genus 
Turrilites, he restricts to those forms having more or less angular contiguous 
whorls, with the siphuncle located near the suture. The fact of the whorls of 
those forms with rounded volutions being in contact or not, can searcely be 


[ May, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 185 


regarded in all cases, of even specific importance, since it is now well known 
that in some instances the same species presents both these peculiarities, and 
sometimes the whorls of one part of the spire are in contact, and in others dis- 
connected, even in the same individual. 

Our specimens confirm Mr. Sharp’s views, for although they are but mere 
fragments, it is evident they are parts of spiral shells, presenting intermediate 
gradations between forms with whorls barely in contact, and others in which 
they are clearly disconnected. 

Mr. D’Orbigny describes the septa of the genus /felicoceras as being un- 
symmetrical, like those of Turvilites, this, however, is not always the case in 
species, the whorls of which make a very broad curve around a large umbilical 
cavity, for in some of our specimens of this kind, the corresponding lobes on 
opposite sides of the siphuncle, present scarcely the slightest inequality, and 
in otber instances seem to be as nearly symmetrical as in Hamites, or any of 


the allied genera. 


Names formerly used. Names here adopted. 


Hamites Morront, Hall & Meek. : 
Helicoceras tenuicostatum, Meek & Hayden. i PPSTIDOG RE AS MORONT 
TurRRmitEs (HELICOCERAS) COCHLEATUS, M. & H. HELICOCERAS COCHLEATUM. 


ANCYLOCERAS ? NEBRASCENSIS, Meek & Hayden. . : 
Turrilites Nebrascensis, Meek & Hayden. ' HELICOCERAS “NEBRASCENSE- 

ANCYLOCERAS ? CHEYENNENSIS, Meek & Hayden. HeELIcocERAS CHEYENNENSE. 
Turrilites Cheyennensts, Meek & Hayden. 


TURRILITES UMBILICATUS, Meek & Hayden. HELICOCERAS UMBILICATUM. 


AMMONITES PERCARINATUS, Hall & Meek, 
presents extremely different characters, at 
various stages of its growth; probably not 
distinct from A. WooLGaRI, of Mantell. 
AMMONITES CORDIFORMIS, Meek & Hayden, 
probably identical with A. Corpatus, Sowerby. 
PLANORBIS FRAGILIS,* M. & H. (non Dunker.) 
PLANORBIS SUBUMBILICATUS, Meek & Hayden. 
PLANORBIS AMPLEXUS, Meek & Hayden. 
Patupina ConrabiI, Meek & Hayden. 
PALUDINA MULTILINEATA, Meek & Hayden. 
Parupina LEAI, Meek & Hayden. 
PALUDINA RETUSA, Meek & Mayden. 
PALUDINA TROCHIFORMIS, Meek & Hayden. 
TURRITELLA MOREAUENSIS, Meek & Hayden. 
ScALARIA CERITHIFORMIS, Meek & Hayden. 
Turbo NEBRASCENSIS. Meek & Hayden. 
ROsTELLARIA BIANGULATA. Meek & Hayden. 
Fusus contortus. Meek & Hayden. 
BuccrtnuM ? vINcULUM, Hall & Meek. 
ACTEON ATTENUATUS, Meek & Hayden. 
ACTEON concinnvs, Hall & Meek, 
Avellana subglobosa, Meek & Baie 
ACTEON SUBELLIPTICUS, Meek & Hayden. 
NATICA PALUDINZFORMIS,* Hall & Meek. 


PLANORRIS PLANOCONVEXUS. 
VALVATA SUBUMBILICATA. 
HeELIx (PoLyGYRA) AMPLEXUS. 
VivIpaRA CoNRADI. 

VIVIPARA MULTILINEATA. 
ViviparRA LEAI. 

VIVIPARA RETUSA. 

VIVIPARA TROCHIFORMIS. 
CERITHIOPSIS MOREAUENSIS. 
TURBONILLA (CHEMNITIZIA) CERITHIFORMIS. 
MarGaritaA NEBRASCENSIS. 
APORRHAIS BIANGULATUS. 
PLEUROTOMA CONTORTA. 

Fusvus VINCULUM.. 

SoLIDULUS ATTENUATUS. 


AVELLANA CONCINNA. 
SoLmpuLus (ACTEONINA ?) SUBELLIPTICUS. 
AMAUROPSIS PALUDINZFORMIS. 


(non WN paludiniformis, D’Orbigny.) 
BuLLA suBcyLinDRIcs,* Meek & Hayden. 
CorBULA VENTRICOSA, Meek & Hayden. 
CorpuLA MoREAUENSIS, Meek & Hayden. 
CYTHEREA TENUIS, Hall & Meek. 
CYTHEREA PELLUCIDA, Meek & Hayden. 
CyTHEREA Deweyi, Meek & Hayden. 
CyTHEREA OWENANA, Meek & Hayden. 
CYTHEREA ORBICULATA, Meek & Hayden. 
CycLas FORMOSA. Meek & Hayden. 
Cycias Fracitis, Meek & Hayden. 
CYCLAS SUBELLIPTICA, Meek & Hayden. 
HETTANGIA AMERICANA, Meek & Hayden. 
Nucuta Evanst, Meek & Hayden. 
NucuLa scrtuLta, Meek & Hayden. 
CucuLL#A SHumMARpI, Meek & Hayden. 
PECTUNCULUS Sr1oUXENsIS, Hall & Meek. 


PECTUNCULUS SUBIMBRICATUS, Meek & Hayden. 


BULLA SPECIOSA, 

NERA VENTRICOSA. 
Ne2RA MoREAUENSIS. 
MERETRIX TENUIS. 
MERETRIX PELLUCIDA. 
Meretrix DEWEYI. 
MERETRIX OWENANA. 
MERETRIX ORBICULATA. 
SPH£RIUM FORMOSUM. 
SPHARIUM FRAGILE. 
SPHZRIUM SUBELLIPTICUM. 
TANCREDIA AMERICANA. 
LEDA EVANSI. 

LEDA SCITULA. 

CucULL&A FIBROSA, Sowerby. 
AXINZA SIOUXENSIS. 
AXINZZA SUBIMBRICATA, 


*The names followed by an asterisk, were pre-occupied. 


1860.] 


186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Descriptions of Fourteen new species of Schizostome, Anculose and Lithasiz. 
BY ISAAC LEA. 


It will be observed that I have in this paper adopted my first name (Schizos- 
toma) for the division of those Melanide which have a cut or fissure in the 
upper portion of the last whorl. This name I proposed in December, 1842. 
Subsequently finding that it was used by Bronn in 1835 I abandoned it, and 
proposed the name of Schizochilus as a substitute, (Obs. on the Genus Unio, 
v.5,p.51, 1852.) Iam now satisfied that Bronn’s name was applied to the same 
genus—Huomphalus—which Sowerby established in 1814, (Min. Conch. tab. 45.) 
This evidently liberates my original name, and Herrmannsen, in the Appendix 
to his ‘‘Generum Malacozorum,”’ very properly restores it. It was supposed 
that this was the Melatoma of Swainson, and Mr. Anthony adopted this name, 
But it is evident that Mr. Swainson’s Melatoma is not my Schizostoma. By refe- 
rence to his figure (Malacology, p. 342, f. 104) it will be observed at once that 
there has never been observed in the United States any of the group of which 
that figure is the type, while it is known that they exist in the islands of the 
Indian Ocean. Mr. Swainson says (p. 202) that his Melatoma was “ founded 
upon a remarkable Ohio shell” sent by Rafinesque. Now, as no member of the 
family Melanide with a cut in the lip has ever been found in the Ohio, where 
such hosts of active collectors have since pursued their investigations, it is 
perhaps beyond the bounds of possibility that the specimen sent by Rafinesque, 
so eminently careless and reckless as he always was, should ever have been 
found there. Indeed, if the specimen figured was sent by Mr. Rafinesque to 
Mr. Swainson, then the question would arise whether it had not been obtained 
by Mr. R. from some dealer or collector, who may have obtained it from Asia. 
I have no doubt of the Melatoma costata, which Mr. Swainson has figured, 
being exotic, and belonging toa group probably from the Philippine Islands. 
Mr. Anthony says, page 64, Proc. A. N. S. 1860, that “it may be doubted 
whether Mr. Lea’s first name will not eventually prevail, since, before he pub- 
lished Schizostoma, Bronn’s genus of the same name had been called a synonym 
of Bifrontia, Desh.” And that ‘‘H. and A. Adams (Gen. Ree. Moll. 1, 105) do 
not appear correct in giving preference to G'yrotoma over Schizostoma, Lea,” &c. 
Notwithstanding this, Mr. Anthony in this paper, where he describes nine sup- 
posed new species of this genus, adopts the generic name of Gyrotoma. It may 
be added here that Dr. Gray, in his Genera of Recent Mollusca, gives Melatoma to 
Mr. Anthony, not to Swainson, while he does not notice the name of Schizos- 
toma. Mr. A. does not pretend to claim it, of course, but adopts Gyrotoma, 
Mr. Shuttleworth’s name, proposed in 1845, which being three years later 
cannot have precedence. 

The genus Schizostoma seems to be capable of being divided into two natural 
groups in the form of the fissura, the cut in the lip. In one group this fissura 
is deep and direct, that is parallel with the suture or upper edge of the 
whorl ; in the other it is not deep and is oblique to the suture. 

In Mr. Anthony’s paper (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Feb., 1860) I recognize several 
of my old species. His Gyrotoma demissa I believe to be my Schizostoma con- 
stricta. His G. quadrata to be my S. incisa. 


ScHIzOSTOMA CASTANBA.—Testa carinata, conica, subcrassa, tenebroso-fusca, 
imperforata ; spira elevata; suturis valdé impressis; anfractibus senis, planu- 
latis, unicarinatis, quadrivittatis ; fissuraé recta, angusta profundaque ; apertura 
parviusculd, elliptica, intus vittata, ad basim subrotundata ; columella alba, in- 
crassata; labro acuto, vix sinuato. 

Hab.—Coosa River, Alab. HE. R. Showalter, M. D. 


ScH1zosroMA GLANS.—Testa levi, ovato-conica, inflata, subcrassa, luteo-cor- 
ned, striata, imperforata ; spira obtusé elevataé; suturis regulariter impressis ; 
anfractibus senis, obsoleté vittatis, ultimo subgrandi; fissura recta, angusta 


[ May, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 187 


profunddque; apertura parviuscula, elliptica, intus albida, ad basim obtusé 
angulata ; columella albida, superné incrassata ; labro-acuto, subsinuato. 
Hab.—Coosa River, Alab. E.R. Showalter, M. D. 


ScuizosToMA GLoBosa.—Testa transversé striata, globosa, subtenui, luteola, 
imperforata ; spird curta, obtusé conoidea ; suturis impressis ; anfractibus qua- 
ternis, trivittatis, ultimo grandi; fissura recta, angusté brevique; apertura 
subgrandi, elliptica, intus vittaté, ad basim angulata; columella alba, incur- 
vata ; labro acuto, expanso. 

Hab.—Alabama. E.R. Showalter, M. D. 


ScHizosToMA VIRENS.—Test4 subnodulosa, curta, inflata, subcrassa, tenebroso- 
Viridi, exilissimé striata, imperforata ; spira obtusa ; suturis impressis ; anfrac- 
tibus subplanulatis et trivittatis ; fissura obliqua brevique; apertura elongata, 
subpyriformi, intus tenebroso-vittata ; columella superné purpurata et incras- 
sata ; labro acuto, sinuato. 

Hab.—Coosa River, Alab. E. R. Showalter, M. D. 


ScHizosToMA GLANDULA.—Testa levi, curta, inflata, subcrass4, luteo-cornea, 
exilissimé striata, imperforati ; spira obtusa; suturis valdé impressis; anfrac- 
tibus senis, vittatis, ultimo magno et tumido; fissura obliqua brevique; aper- 
tura subgrandi, elliptica, intus albidi; columella albida, superné incrassata ; 
labro acuto, subsinuato. 

Hab.—Coosa River, Alab. E. R. Showalter, M. D. 


Scuizostoma WerTUMPKAENSIS.—Testa striata, ovato-cylindracea, crassa, pal- 
lido-fusca, perforata ; spira obtusd, conoidea ; suturis valdé impressis ; anfrac- 
tibus senis, vittatis, planulatis, ultimo grandi; fissuré obliqua brevique ; aper- 
tura grandi, ovata, intus vittaté, ad basim obtusé angulata; columella alba, 
superne incrassati; labro acuto, sinuato. 

Hab.—Coosa River, at Wetumpka, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. 


ScuizosromA ALABAMENSIS.—Testa striata, ellipticaé, robusta, luteo-olivaced, 
imperforata, spira obtuso-conoidea ; suturis valdé impressis ; anfractibus senis, 
vittatis, subinflatis, ultimo pergrandi; fissura obliqua subbrevique ; apertura 
subgrandi, ovata, intus vittata, ad basim rotundata ; columella alba, inferné et 
superne paulisper incrassata; labro acuto, sinuato. 

Hab.—Alabama. B. W. Budd, M. D., and E. R. Showalter, M. D. 


Scuizostoma Harrmanit.—Testd levi, subcylindracea, crassa, luteo-cornea, 
imperforaté; spira elevata; suturis valdé impressis; anfractibus planulatis, 
ultimo subgrandi; fissura recta subbrevique; apertura parviuscula, ovata, 
intus alb4, ad basim obtusé angulata; columella alba, incurvd, inferné paulis- 
per incrassata ; labro acuto, sinuato. 

Hab.—Coosa River, Alab. W. D. Hartman, M. D. 


ScuizostoMa puMILA.—Testa striata, turbonaté, subtenui, pallido-cornea: 
imperforaté; spira valdé obtusa; suturis valdé impressis ; anfractibus senis, 
ventricosis, ultimo permagno; fissura recta subbrevique; apertura parviuscula, 
ovata, intus alba, ad basim angulata et subcanaliculaté; columella alba, con- 
torta, inferné incrassata ; labro acuto, sinuato. 

Hab.—Alabama. B. W. Budd, M. D. 


ANCULOsA FoRMOsA.—Testi levi, globosd, subtenui, diaphana, vel luteola 
vel crocata, valdé vittata et maculaté; spiré depressa vix conspicua ; suturis 
impressis; anfractibus ternis, ultimo magno et valdé ventricoso; apertura 
grandi, subrotunda, intus pallido-crocata et tenebroso-vittata ; columella in- 
ferné et superné incrassata et pallido-purpurata ; labro acuto et valdé expanso. 

Hab.—®oosa River, Shelby Co., Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. 


ANCULOSA conTORTA.—Testi levi, globoso-ovoidea, crassa, luteo-cornea ; 
spira elevata; suturis valdé impressis; anfractibus inflatis, obsoleté transversé 


1860. ] 


188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Striatis ; apertura parva, subrotunda, contractd, intus luteo-alba; columella in- 
crassata; labro acuto, expanso. 


Hab.—Coosa River, at Watumpka, Alab. E. R. Showalter, M. D. 


ANCULOSA vVITTATA.—Testa levi, subglobosa, crass4, luteola, valde vittata ; 
spiré obtus4 ; suturis impressis; anfractibus quarternis, inflatis, ultimo magno 
et ventricoso; apertura rotunda, in faucibus valdé constricta, intus vittata ; 
columella valde incrassata, planulata, purpurata; labro acuto, expanso. 

Hab.—-Coosa River, at Watumpka, Alabama, E. R. Showalter, M. D. 


Litaasia SHowa.Teril.——Testa levi, ovato-cylindracea, subcrassa, luteo-cor- 
nea, vittata ; spira obtusé conoidea ; suturis valdé impressis, anfractibus senis, 
ultimo magno et planulato: apertura grandi, subovata, elongatd, intus albida, 
tenebroso-vittata, ad basim obtusé angulata ; columella inferné et superné in- 
crassata, incurva; labro acuto et subconstricto. 

Hab.—Coosa River, at Watumpka, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. 


LiTHasIA NUCLEA.—Testa levi, elliptica, luteo-oliva, crassa, solida, trivittata ; 
spira obtusé conoidea; suturis impressis ; anfractibus quinis, ultimo magno et 
paulisper inflato; apertura parviuscula, ovato-rotunda, intus albida, trivittata, 
ad basim recurvata; columella inferné et superné incrassata, incurva; labro 
acuto. 


Hab.—-Coosa River, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. 


Catalogue of Birds collected during a survey of a route fora ship Canal across 
the Isthmus of Darien, by order of the Government of the United States, 


made by Lieut. N. michler, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, with notes 
and descriptions of new species. 


BY JOHN CASSIN. 
(Continued from page 144.) 


84. THAMNOPHILUS ATRICAPILLUS, (Gmelin). : 
Lanius atricapillus, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 303, (1788). 
Lanius pileatus, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 76, (1790). 

Vieill. Ois. D’Am. Sept. pl. 48, 49. Baff. Pl. Enl. 479, fig. 2. 

From Carthagena. 

‘On the Popa mountain at Carthagena, constantly flying across the pathway, 
and was evidently catching small Lepidoptera and Diptera. Has a prolonged 
note somewhat like one note of the Cat bird of the United States. Very shy, 
and not easily obtained, though abundant.” (Mr. W. S. Wood, Jr.) 


85. THAMNOPHILUS NAEVIUS, (Gmelin). 
Lanius naevius, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 308, (1788). 
Leach, Zool. Misc. i. pl. 17. Sw. B. of Braz. pl. 59. 

From the River Truando. 

‘‘ Frequently seen, and generally on the ground, in patches of a plant called 
“Spanish Bayonet,” by the people of the country, on which it seemed 
to be catching insects. At Camp Toucey, in January, 1858.” (Mr. W. 8. 
Wood, Jr.) 


86. THAMNOPHILUS TRANSANDEUS, Sclater. 


Thamnophilus transandeus, Sclat. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1855. p. 18. 

From Turbo. 

Appears to be this species, having the under tail coverts tipped with white, 
and is rather larger than specimens of 7. melanurus, in the Acad. Coll. Very 
nearly allied, though, to that species. 

“In very thick bushes on the banks of a creek near Turbo, seen only once, 


[May, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 189 


and very shy. Has a harsh loud note, and appeared to be pursuing large 
insects, occasionally alighting on the ground.” (Mr. W.S. Wood, Jr.) © 


87. THAMNOPHILUS. 

From Turbo. 

Two specimens labelled as females, nearly allied to 7. caesius, (Cuv). and 
T. ethiops, Sclater. 


88. THAMNOPHILDS, 

From the River Truando. 

Several specimens, allin young plumage, probably of a species allied to 
T. atricapillus. 

‘« All of the preceding five species live in the bushes, and are often to be 
seen on the ground, and appear to subsist by capturing insects in various 
stages, which are exceedingly abundant. All of them are more or less noisy, 
haying harsh, though not always disagreeable notes, which can constantly be 
heard where they frequent. When alarmed, they take long flights very pre- 
cipitately, and are not easily collected.” (Mr. W. 8. Wood, Jr.) 


89. PAcHYRHAMPHUS RUFESCENS, (Spix) ? 

From Turbo. A sirgle specimen in young plumage. 

“On the Cremantina, a high tree with very abundant foliage. Has much 
the habits of a Fly-catcher, darting out in pursuit of insects, and returning to 
its perch, and moving his tail in the same manner.” (Mr. W. 8. Wood, Jr.) 


Genus Pitrasoma, nobis. 


General aspect of Conopophaga, Vieillot, but larger, and bearing about the 
same relation to that genus as Grallaria, Vieillot, does to Grallaricula, Sclater. 
Also resembling Pitta, Vieillot, but differing from all the genera here men- 
tioned, except Conopophaga, in having the bill wide and depressed, not com- 
ressed. 

: Form robust, wings short, concave, rounded, fifth, sixth and seventh quills 
longest ; tail very short; bill strong, wide at base and narrowing gradually, 
depressed, upper mandible notched near the tip, and with the culmen distinct, 
a few rudimentary bristles at base ; nostrils oval, inserted ina large membrane ; 
legs long, very strong, tarsus with about five large scales in front, which 
become nearly integral on the outside, and quite so behind; toes moderate; 
claws curved, sharp. 


90. Pirrasoma MIcHLERI, nobis. 

od Head above black, the shafts of the feathers lustrous, large space on the 
cheek, extending completely around the neck behind, bright chestnut, throat 
black, many of the feathers tipped with white, and with chestnut, lores white ; 
back reddish olive, many feathers edged with black on each side ; rump, upper 
tail coverts and wing coverts greenish rufous, the last (wing coverts) with 
small terminal spots of white, which spots are edged and nearly enclosed with 
black; under parts white, every feather having two or three rather wide, 
transverse, waved or crescent-shaped bands of deep black; abdomen and 
under tail coverts, tinged with ferruginous, but transversely striped with black, 
same as other under parts of body; under wing coverts, dull greenish brown, 
striped and spotted with white and black; quills greenish rufous, some of the 
shorter quills having sub-terminal spots of light rufous, edged with black ; 
tail greenish rufous; upper mandible dark bluish horn color, lighter towards 
the tip; under mandible yellow, legs light horn color. 

Total length from tip of bill to end of tail, about 7 inches, wing 33, tail 1%, 
bill from gape 1%, tarsus 12 inches. 

Hab. River 'Truando, New Grenada. Discovered by Mr. William S. Wood, 
Jr. and Mr. Charles J. Wood. (Panama, Mr. J. McLeannan). Spec. in Nat. 
Mus. Washington. 

This is the most remarkable bird in the collection of the expedition, and is 
one of the most handsome of the Ant Thrushes, if indeed to that group it and the 


1860.] 


190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


genus Conopophaga belong. Though with the general form and appearance of 
Pitta and Grailaria, this bird differs trom them in having a very strong depressed 
and rather wide bill, not compressed as in those genera. In this respect, and 
other structural characters, it approximates to Conopophaga, and also in having 
more variegated and agreeable colors than in Grallaria. This bird is in fact, 
the most handsome bird of its group yet discovered in America. The only 
specimen in the collection of the expedition is labelled as a male. 

Another and very fine specimen of this bird, kindly loaned to me by Mr. 
Lawrence, of New York, belongs to the collection of J. McLeannan, Hsq., of 
that city, and was obtained by him on the Isthmus of Panama. 

‘‘ On the river Truando. January 22d, 1858, above its junction with the Atrato, 
but before reaching the Cordilleras. In the woody places running on the ground 
very swiftly, and scratching among the leaves, not common.” (Mr. C. J. 
Wood). 

This handsome bird I have named in honor of the commanding officer of the 
expedition, Lieut. N. Michler, of the U.S. Topographical Engineers, under 
whose direction, and with whose judicious advice and assistance, the present 
interesting collection was made, as stated in the preliminary note to this paper. 


91. FoRMICIVORA GRISEA, (Boddert). 
Turdus griseus, Bodd. Tab. Pl. Enl. p. 39, (1783). 
Formicivora nigricollis, Swains. Zool. Jour. ii. p. 147. 
Spix. Av. Bras. ii. pl. 41. Buff. Pl. Enl. 643. 
From Carthagena. 
“On the ‘Popa’ mountain, at Carthagena. Very abundant in the bushes, 
but very quick in motion, and shy, flying off on slight noise oralarm. Novem- 
ber, 1857.” (Mr. W.S. Wood, Jr.) 


92. FoRMICIVORA QUIXENSIS, (Cornalia). 
‘“Thamnophilus quixensis, et rufiventris, Corn. Sclater.” 
‘‘ Myiothera perlata.” Label in Mus. Acad. Philadelphia. 

From the river Truando. 

Both sexes, much as given in the descriptions above cited and labelled by 
the collectors as male and female of the same species. 

“ Abundant at the camp in the Cordilleras, on the Rio Truando. In the 
high trees, actively capturing insects, and never observed descending to the 
bushes. ‘The two plumages labelled as male and female, were constantly seen 
together, and were thought by my brother and myself to be the same bird.” 
(Mr. W. 8. Wood, Jr.) 


93. HypocNEMIS NZVIOIDES, (Lafresnaye). 
Conopophaga nevioides, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1847, p. 69. 

From the falls of the Truando. 

“ At camp Floyd, on the south side of the river Truando, before reaching 
the first range of the Cordilleras. Running on the ground amongst bushes, 
and always in damp or marshy places, much resembling in its actions the 
Water Thrush of the United States, (Seturus noveboracensis). Frequently seen 
in January and February, 1858.” (Mr. W. 8. Wood, Jr). 

94, MyRMOTHERULA PYGMZA, (Gmelin). 
Muscicapa pygmea, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 983, (1788). 
Buff. Pl. Enl. 831. 

From the river Truando. 

‘< Abundant on the ‘Cremantina’ trees, especially at Camp Toucey, in Janu- 
ary, 1853. Frequently seen also in the Plaintains or Bananas, constantly 
searching for insects amongst the fruit and leaves.” (Mr. W. S. Wood, Jr.) 
95. MyYRMOTHERULA SURINAMENSIS, (Gmelin). 

Sitta surinamensis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 442, (1788). 
Lath. Gen. Hist. iv. pl. 62. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1858, pl. 141. 
From Turbo. 
““ Frequently seen in tke trees at Turbo, and the male was at first supposed 


[May, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 191 


by my brother and myself, to be the black and white creeper of the United 
States, (Mniotilta varia). It has habits exactly like those of that bird, running 
along the upper or lower sides of the branches frequently with its head down- 
wards. In April, 1858.” (Mr. W. 8S. Wood, Jr.) 


96. MyRMOTHERULA MELAENA, (Sclater). 
Formicivora melaena, Sclat. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1857, p. 130. 

From the river Truando. 

“At Camp Toucey on the Truando, before reaching the Cordilleras. In the 
bushes, and very active in pursuit of insects. Has a short, rather loud note, 
often repeated, rendering pursuit very easy; solitary, but frequeatly seen.” 
(Mr. W. S. Wood, Jr.) 


97. MyRMOTHERULA ORNATA, (Sclater) ? 
Formicivora ornata, Sclat. Rey. et Mag. Zool. 1853, p. 480? 

From the river Truando. 

Several specimens, apparently immature, and not easily to be referred to 
either M. gularis or its allies, but unmistakeably of that ilk. 

“ At Camp Toucey, on the Truando, and previously at Turbo. Seen in the 
high trees and also occasionally in the bushes, very active, and constantly in 
motion.” (Mr. W. 8S. Wood, Jr.) 


98. MyRMEcIZA EXSUL, Sclater. 
Myrmeciza exsul, Sclat. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1858, p. 540. 
From Turbo. 
One specimen only, labelled as a male and very nearly as described by Mr. 
Sclater as above cited. 


99. MyRMEcIzA EXSUL, Sclater ? 

Very similar to the preceding, and probably the same species, but with the 
entire under parts reddish chestnut brown, nearly uniform with the upper parts, 
throat only ashy black. 

From Turbo. 

“These two birds were considered to be the same species by my brother and 
myself, notwithstanding the difference in the color of the under parts. We 
met with this species in the thick and dry parts of the forest at Turbo, rather 
plenty, but not easily shot on account of their running on the ground very 
swiftly, and concealing themselves amongst the leaves. It utters loud, rather 
musical notes, somewhat similar to those of the Golden-crowned Thrush, 
(Seiurus) of the United States.” (Mr. W. 8S. Wood, Jr.) 


100. Pipra AURICAPILLA, (Brisson). 
Manacus auricapillus, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 448, (1760). 
Desm. Manak, pl. 60. Hahn & Kiister, Orn. Atlas, pl. 92. 
From Turbo. 


101. PrILocHLoRIS RUFO-OLIVACEUS, Lafresnaye. 
Ptilochloris rufo-olivaceus, Lafres. Rev. Zool. 1838, p. 238. 
From the Truando. 
‘‘ At camp Toucey. On the ground, seen once only.” (Mr. W. 8S. Wood, Jr.) 


102. Sgrurvs NOVEBORACENSIS, (Gmelin). 
Motacilla noveboracensis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 958, (1788). 
And. B. of Am. pl. 433. Oct. ed. ili. pl. 149. 
From Carthagena. 
‘«Seen once only, ina small stream of water on the ‘Popa’ mountain, in 
November, 1857.” (Mr. W.S. Wood, Jr.) 


103. Denproica mstrva, (Gmelin). 
Motacilla estiva, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 996, (1788). 
Sylvia citrinella, Wilson, Am. Orn. ii. p. 111, (1810). 
Wilson, Am. Orn. ii. pl. 15. Aud. B. of Am. pl. 95. Oct. ed. ii. pl. 88. 
From Turbo. 
‘Seen for a few days at Turbo, early in April, 1858.” (Mr. W. S. Wood, Jr.) 


1860.] 


192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


104, Denprorca VIEILLOTI, nobis. 

Sylvia ruficapila, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xi. p. 228, (but not of same vol. p. 
179, and not Sylvia ruficapilla, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 540, which is 
Motacilla petechia, Linneus, a distinct species). 

« Chloris erithrachorides, Feuille,” Baird, Rept. Pac. R. R. Surv. ix. p. 
283, hence Dendroica erithachorides, Baird, same vol. p. 283, (but not 
Chloris erithrachorides, Feuille, Jour. Obs. Phys. iii. p. 413, (1725), 
which is Motacilla petechia, Linneus). 

Entire head and neck in front light reddish chestnut. Plumage of all other 
parts much resembling that of D. e@stiva, of the United States, but darker on 
the back, wings and tail, size rather larger, and with the bill slightly longer 
and more gradually pointed. Total length, 44 to 4% inches. 

Hab.—South America, Central America. (Panama, Mr. J. G. Bell). 

From Carthagena. 

I have been quite unsuccessful in attempting to find a name really applicable 
to this well marked and not uncommon species. It is usually, I believe, regard- 
ed as Sylvia ruficapilla of authors, and is unmistakeably described by Vieillot, 
ag above cited, but erroneously so far as relates to the name, which is applied 
by all other authors to Motacilla petechia, Linneus, a species not uncommon 
from the West Indies, and accurately figured by Vieillot, Ois d’Am. Sept. pl. 
91. Under these circumstances I propose the name above given.* 


*There are at least five species of Dendroica, resembling each other, and all having 
the general appearance of D. estiva of the United States. The first four of these have 
been much confused and mistaken for each other : 


1, DENDROICA £sTIVA, (Gmelin.) 
Motacilla estiva, Gm. Syst. Nat. ii. p. 996, (1788). 
Hab. United States, Mexico, Central America, New Grenada, West Indies? 


2, DENDROICA ALBICOLLIS, (Gmelin). 
Motacilla albicollis, Gm. Syst. Nat. ii, p. 983, (1788), 

Hab. Cuba, (Gundlach), St. Domingo, (Brisson). 

This is the bird usually regarded as D. estiva, by the Cuban ornithologists, but is a dis- 
tinct species as I suspected long before examining authentic specimens. The habits of 
this bird, as given by those very accurate naturalists, are different from those of the com- 
mon bird of the United States. Brisson (Orn. iii. p. 494) carefully describes the present 
species, though his specimens do not appear to have been mature. ‘The young bird only 
has the throat and neck in front nearly pure white. 


2, DENDROICA PETECHIA, (Linnzus). 
Motacilla petechia, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 334, (1776). 
Motacilla ruficapilla, Gm. Syst. Nat. ii. p. 971, (1788). 

Hab. West Indies, Central America? Jamaica? Martinique (Brisson). 

I have frequently seen specimens precisely in the plumage as figured by Vieillot, as 
above cited, and by Edwards, Birds y. pl. 256, fig. 2, but I am not confident of the exact 
locality. This is very probably the Sylvicola estiva, of Gosse, B. of Jamaica, p. 157 
and prebenly of Mes Newtons 4 Bot Sis Croix, in Sclater’s [bis, 1859, p. 153. This 

ird is also very carefully descri risson, (Orn, iii. p. 490), in mature i 
the top of head, clear, well defined nituae P ' ‘ plane ge, wath 
4 Denproica VIEILLOTI, Cassin, ut supra. 

Sylvia ruficapilla, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xi. p. 228. 

Hab. South America and Central America, New Grenada, (W. S. Wood, Jr.) Panama 
(J. G. Bell). , 
5, DENDROICA AUREOLA, (Gould). 

Sylvicola aureola, Gould, Voy. Beagle, Birds, p. 86, (1841). 

Hab. Galapagos Islands, (Gould). 

Very similar to D. petechia, as above. ‘This species, or at least specimens from the 
Galapagos Islands, I have not seen. Of all the others several specimens of each are now 
before me, and 1 have not the smallest doubt of their specific distinctness, which I hope 
to fully demonstrate in a subsequent paper. Having called the attention of my friend 
Mr. Lawrence, of New York, 'o the distinctness of the Cuban species, his views will 
probably appear in his notes on Birds of Cnba, about to be published in the Annals of the 


Lyceum, New York, 
[May, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 193 


‘Frequently seen on the ‘ Popa’ mountain at Carthagena, in November, 1857. 
Very active and constantly moving in the lower trees and bushes.” (Mr. W 
S. Wood, Jr.) 


105. DENDROICA CASTANEA, (Wilson). 
Sylvia castanea, Wilson, Am. Orn. ii. p. 97, (1810). 
Wilson, Am. Orn. ii. pl. 14. Aud. B. of Am. pl. 69, Oct. ed. ii. pl. 80. 
From Turbo and the River Truando. 
“On the Truando, in January, and at Turbo early in April, 1858. In smail 
flocks of ten or twelve, in the high trees, very much as in autumn in the 
United States.” (Mr. W. S. Wood, Jr.) 


106. THRYOTHORUS NIGRICAPILLUS, Sclater. 
Thryothorus nigricapillus, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860, p. 84. 

From the River Truando. 

Two specimens appear to be this species, or at least very closely allied. 
They differ only in having the throat transversely banded with black lines, 
same as on other parts. 

‘In low bushes and on the ground, on the banks of the Rio Truando, in 
the Cordilleras. Frequently seen, and runs on the ground, more than usual in 
the larger Wrens of the United States, but has similar general habits.” (Mr. 
W.S. Wood, Jr.) 


107. THRYOTHORUS. 

A large plain colored species, for which I have found no name, but am not 
sufficiently acquainted with the group of Zroglodytine to feel warranted in 
proposing a species. Several specimens from Turbo and Carthagena. 


108. ScLERURUS BRUNNECTS, Sclater. 
Sclerurus brunneus, Sclat. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1857, p. 17. 

From the river Ingador. 

One specimen only in the collection of the Expedition appears to be this 
species. ‘‘On the banks of a small stream called the Ingador, near the coast 
of the Pacific Ocean. In the Palm trees, clinging to the leaves and searching 
for insects. March, 1858.” (Mr. W. S. Wood, Jr.) 


109. Synatiaxis Canpel, D’Orb. et Lafres. 
Synallaxis Candei, D’Orb. et Lafres. Rev. Zool. 1838, p. 165. 
From Carthagena. 


110. XENOPS RUFICAUDA, (Vieillot). 
Synallaxis ruficauda, Vieil. Nouv. Dict. xxxii. p. 310, (1818). 
Temm. Pl. Col. 150. 
From Turbo. 


111. DENDRORNIS TRIANGULARIS, (Lafresnaye). 
Dendrocalaptes triangularis, Lafr. Mag. Zool. 1843. 
Guerin, Mag. Zool. 1843, pl. 32. 

From the river Truando. 

“These kinds of birds were very abundant on the trees in the Cordilleras, 
and a few were seen at camp Toucey, on the Rio Truando, within 20 or 30 
miles of the mountains. They run on the trunks and branches very rapidly, 
and appear to be very greedy and rapacious. Not shy, and easily approached, 
but not easily shot, on account of their quick movements. When they have 
ascended a tree, they fly down to the base of another, like the Brown Creeper 
of the United States, (Certhia).” (Mr. W. S. Wood, Jr.) 


112. DENDRORNIS GuUTTATUS, (Lichtenstein). 
Dendrocolaptes guttatus, Licht.Verz. p. 16, (1823). 
Le Vaill. Prom. pl. 30. 
From the river Truando. 


1860.] 12 


194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


DENDRORNIS. 


Bras specimen from the river Truando, with large elongated spots for which [ 
have not succeeded in finding a name. 


114. MALAcopTita ? 
From the river Truando. 


A single specimen in immature plumage, referable to no species with which 
[ am acquainted. 


115. CERTHIOLA LUTEOLA, Cabanis. 
Certhiola luteola, Cab. 
From Turbo and Carthagena. 


116. Juniamyia Juiz, (Bourcier). 
Juliamyia typica, Bonap. Rev. Zool. 1854, p. 255. 
Ornismyia Julie, Bourc. Ann. Soc. Lyons, 1842, p. 345. 
Gould, Monog. pt. xviii. pl. (not numbered). 
From Turbo. 
‘‘ Seen occasionally in April, 1858, but not verycommon. Flies very swiftly , 
and is shy, darting away on the least alarm.” (Mr. W.S. Wood, Jr.) 


117. CHRYSoLAMPIS MOSCHITUS, (Linnzus.) 
Trochilus moschitus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 192, (1766). 
Gould, Monog. pt. xii. pl. 
From Carthagena. 
“ About an old fort in the ‘ Popa’ mountain, which was completely overgrown 
“ vines and flowering plants, this humming bird and others were exceeding- 
ly abundant. Constantly flying and fighting with each other, and nowhere 


seen so abundant as here, in the month of November, 1857.” (Mr. W. S. 
Wood, Jr.) 


118. LAMPORNIS MANGO, (Linnezus). 
Trochilus mango, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 191, (1766). 
Gould, Monog. pt. xii. pl. 
From Carthagena. 
Appears to be the true mango of authors. 


119. EUCEPHALA C#HRULEA, (Vieillot). 
Trochilus ceruleus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. vii. p. 361. (1817). 
Gould, Monog. pt. xiv. pl. 
From Carthagena. 


120. LoNoLAIMA. 
From Turbo. 


One specimen only, in bad condition and immature plumage, appears to be 
of this genus. 


121, PHAETHORNIS YARUQUI, (Bourcier). 
Trochilus yaruqui, Bourc. Compt. Rend. xxxii. p. 187. 
Gould, Monog. pt. iv. pl. 
From the River Truando. 
‘Plain plumaged humming birds were frequently seer in the Cordilleras, but 
never very abundant. We rarely saw the brighter colored in the mountains. 
Generally about the vines and shrubbery.” (Mr. W.S. Wood, Jr.) 


122. PHA®THORNIS. 
From Turbo. 
A single specimen, in immature plumage, of a small species. 


123. CHLORAENAS RUFINA, (Temminck). 
Columba rufina, Temm. Pig. et Gall. i. p. 467, (1813). 
Knip, Pigeons i. pl. 24. 
From Turbo and the Delta of the River Atrato. 


[ May, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 195 


‘« Seen once only at Turbo in a small flock, sitting in a high tree, and once 
only at the mouth of the Atrato; seemed to bea stranger. Early in January, 
1858.” (Mr. W. S. Wood, Jr.) 


124. LepropTina VERREAUXI, (Bonaparte). 
Leptoptila Verreauxi, Bonap. Consp. Av. ii. p. 73, (1854). 
From Turbo and the River Truando. : 
“Tn a secluded part of the forest at Turbo, in the trees, and afterwards on 
the Truando.” (Mr. W. 8. Wood, Jr.) 


125. CHAMAEPELIA GRANATINA, Bonaparte. 
Chamaepelia granatina, Bonap. Consp. Av. ii. p. 77, (1854). 

From Carthagena. 

“ Abundant and in large flocks among the bushes on the shores of the sea at 
Carthagena, in November, 1857. Seemed to be searching for food in the sand 
and short grass, and not very easily approached, flying away very rapidly, anc 
frequently alighting on trees.” (Mr. W. S. Wood, Jr.) 


126. Tinamus Masor, (Gmelin). 
Tetrao major, Gm., Syst. Nat. i. p. 767, (1788). 
Pezus serratus, Spix, Av. Bras. ii, p. 61, (1825). 
Buff. Pl. Enl. 476. Spix. Av. Bras. ii. pl. 76. 

From the River Truando. 

One specimen only, labelled as a female, which appears to be identical with 
specimens from Brazil. 

“ Frequently neard on the Truando, near the first range of the Cordilleras. 
It has a very loud, continued note, not inappropriately compared by the mem- 
bers of our party to the whistle of a locomotive engine. Noteasily seen, being 
exceedingly shy and running very rapidly.’”? (Mr. W. S. Wood, Jr.) 


127. SQUATAROLA HELVETICA, (Linneus). 
Tringa helvetica, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 250, (1766). 
Charadrius apricarius, Wilson, Am. Orn. vii. p. 41, (1813). 
Wilson, Am. Orn. vii. pl. 57. Aud. B. of Am. pl. 334. Oct. Ed. v. pl. 315. 
From Carthagena. 


128. SyYMPHEMIA SEMIPALMATA, (Gmelin). 
Scolopax semipalmatus. Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 659, (1788). 
Wilson, Am. Orn. vii. pl. 56. Aud. B. of Am, pl. 274. Oct. Ed. v. pl. 347. 
From Carthagena. 


129. GAMBETTA MELANOLEUCA, (Gmelin). 
Scolopax melanoleucus, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 659, (1788). 
Scolopax vociferus, Wilson. 
Wilson, Am. Orn, vii. pl. 58. Aud. B. of Am. pl. 308. Oct. ed. v. pl. 345. 
From Carthagena. 


130. GAMBETTA FLAVIPES, (Gmelin). 
Scolopax flavipes, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 659, (1788). 


Wilson, Am. Orn. vii. pl. 58. Aud. B. of Am. pl. 228. Oct. ed. v. pl. 344. 
From Carthagena. 


131. CatipRIs ARENARIA, (Linnzus). 
Tringa arenaria, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 251, (1766). 
Calidris americana, Brehm. 


Wilson Am. Orn. vii. pl. 59, 63. Aud. B. of Am. pl. 230. Oct. ed. v. pl. 338. 
From Carthagena. 


132. EREUNETES PUSILLA, (Linnzus). 
Tringa pusilla, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 252, (1766). 
Tringa semipalmata, Wilson. 
Ereunetes petrifactus, Illiger. 


1860.] 


196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Wilson Am. Orn. vii. pl. 63. Aud. B. of Am. pl. 408. Oct. ed. v. pl. 336. 
From Carthagena. 
This is, I have no doubt, the true Zringa pusilla of Linnzus. 


33. Trinea Winsont, Nuttall. 
Tringa Wilsonii, Nutt. Man. ii. p. 121, (1834). 
Tringa pusilla, Wilson. 
Wilson, Am. Orn. v. pl. 37. Aud. B. of Am. pl. 320. Oct. ed. v. pl. 337- 

From Carthagena. 

‘‘The preceding seven species, and in fact nearly all the small wading birds 
that we had been accustomed to seeing on the coast of New Jersey, were very 
abundant on the sea coast at Carthagena, in November, 1857. The most abun- 
dant were perhaps the two small Sandpipers (Z. pusilla and 7. Wilsonii), and 
the yellow Shanks (G. flavipes). Though easily shot, they were not so easily 
obtained, on account of the marshy or boggy character of many localities which 
they particularly frequented. All of these species were in flocks, as seen on 
the coast of the United States in Autumn.” (Mr. W.S. Wood, Jr.) 


134. PARRA HYPOMELAENA, G. R. Gray. 
Parra hypomelaena, Gray, Gen. iil. p. 589, (1846). 
Gray. Gen. iii. pl. 159. 

Atrato River. 

‘In open places which are very marshy on the River Atrato, late in Decem- 
ber, 1857. Two or three together, generally on the ground, frequently stretch- 
ing out their wings, and often wading in the water. Quite shy and watchful.” 
(Mr. W. S. Wood, Jr.) 


135. ARAMIDES CAYENNENSIS, (Gmelin). 
Fulica cayennensis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 700, (1788). 
Buff. Pl. Enl. 352. 
From Turbo. 
“Tn a salt water marsh at Turbo; seen once only.” (Mr. Wm.S. Wood, Jr.) 


136. ArpEA Heropias, Linnzus. 
Ardea Herodias, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 237, (1766). 
Wilson, Am. Orn. vili. pl. 65. Aud. B. of Am. pl. 211. Oct. ed. vi. pl. 369. 
From the delta of the Atrato. 
“Frequently seen about the mouth of the Atrato, in December.” (Mr. W. 
S. Wood, Jr.) 


137. BurTormpEs Griska, (Boddert). 
Cancroma grisea, Bodd. Tab. Pl. Enl. p. 54, (1783). 
Ardea scapularis, Illiger. 
Buff. Pl. Enl. 908. 
From Carthagena. 


138. GARZETTA CANDIDISSIMA, (Gmelin). 
Ardea candidissima, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 633, (1788). 
Wilson, Am. Orn. vii. pl. 62. Aud. B. of Am. pl. 242. Oct. ed. vi. pl. 374. 
From Carthagena and the River Atrato. 
‘Abundant on the Rio Atrato, in February, 1858. Generally seen sitting 
on the low trees on the edge of the river.” (Mr. W.S Wood, Jr.) 


139. TIGRISOMA BRASILIENSE, (Linnzus). 
Ardea brasiliensis, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 239, (1766). 
Buff. Pl. Enl. 860. 
From the delta of the Atrato. 


140. TIGRISOMA TIGRINUM, (Gmelin) ? 
Ardea tigrina, Gm. Syst. Nat. ii. p. 638, (1788). 
From the delta of the Atrato. 


~ [ May. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 197 


141. HARPIPRION CAYENNENSIS, (Gmelin). 
Tantalus cayennensis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 652, (1788). 
Buffon. Pl. Enl. 820. 
From the River Nercua. 
‘‘TIn the mountains, before reaching the main ridge on the Rio Nercua.’’ 
(Mr. W. S. Wood, Jr.) 


142. DENDROCYGNA AUTUMNALTIS, (Linneus. ) 
Anas autumnalis, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 205, (1766). 
Baird, B. of N. Am. pl. 63. Rept. Mex. Bound. Surv. Birds, pl. 25. 
From the River Truando. 


143. CARBO BRASILIANUS, (Gmelin) ? 
Procellaria brasiliana, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 564? 
Gillis, Astr. Exp. Birds, pl. 28? 
From the River Truando. 
“On the Truando and Atrato, frequently seen in the water and also on trees. 
When perched, drop very suddenly into the water on being alarmed, and dis- 
appear by diving.” (Mr. W. S. Wood, Jr.) 


144. PLorus anuines, Linneus. 
Plotus anhinga, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 580, (1766). 
Plotus melanogaster, Wilson. 
Wilson, Am. Orn. ix. pl. 74. Aud. B. of Am. pl. 316, Oct. ed. vi. pl. 420. 
From the Rivers Atrato and Truando. 
Several specimens in immature plumage, but all apparently of this species. 
“ Abundant in the months of January, February and March, on all the rivers 
from the Gulf of Darien, on the Atlautic, to the coast of the Pacific.” (Mr. W. 
S. Wood, Jr.) 


Descriptions of some new species of Cretaceous Fossils from South America, 
in the Collection of the Academy. 


BY W. M. GABB. 


Eulima seminosa, pl. 3, fig. 6. Shell fusiform, spire elevated, whorls 
five, mouth small, shell thick and marked by irregular lines of growth. 

From a greyish brown limestone from Chili, in connection with Trigonia 
Hanetiana D’Orb., and many of the other species described by that author 
in the ‘‘ Voyage de l’Astrolabe et Zélée.’’ 


Sealaria (Clathrus) Chiliense, pl, 3, fig. 4. Shell [scalariform, spire 
very elevated, whorls six or seven, rounded and marked by about fourteen 
prominent, longitudinal, rounded ribs. Mouth small, subcircular; a reflec- 
tion of the inner lip covers the base of the body whorl soas to hide the lower 
part of some of the ribs. 


Pugnellus tumidus, pl. 3, fig. 13and 14, Shell heavy, scalariform, spire ele- 
vated, five whorls, which are angular at the upper part, and marked by aseries 
of small nodes on the angle; body whorl large, mouth expanded, superior 
sinus very deep, outer lip very much thickened, especially the extreme outer 
portion or callosity, which is nearly as thick as long. The thickening of the 
superior and lateral edges of the outer lip, produces a deep fosset on the poste- 
rior portion of the body whorl, immediately behind the expansion of the lip ; 
the inner lip is reflected over a portion of the spire; canal long and curved 
anteriorly. 

This species is the one to which Mr. Conrad, in his note onthe genus, refers 


1860.) 


198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


as occurring in South America. There is another species, (P.) Strombus 
semicostatus D’Orb., that occurs in the same deposit. 


Pleurotoma D’Orbignyana, pl. 3, fig. 7. Shell scalariform, spire ele- 
vated, whorls five, body whorl angular above; shell marked by a series of 
small nodes on the shoulder of the whorls and by fine lines of growth. 


P. arata, pl. 3, fig. 9. Shell scalariform, spire elevated, whorls three or 
four, subangular above and marked by a shallow, revolving groove imme- 
diately below the angle; surface marked by numerous revolving strie, crossed 
by faint lines. 


Patella Auca, pl. 3, fig. 11. Shell small, thin, circular; apex small, 
acuminate and very excentri¢; surface marked by irregular concentric undu- 
lations. 


Cultellus Australis, pl. 3, fig. 8. Shell elongate, narrow, beaks very 
small, incurved, near the anterior end; posterior end gaping, and a little nar- 
rowed ;, anterior end rounded; surface marked by concentric striz. 


Mactra Chiliensis, pl.3, fig. 5. Shellthin, equilateral, slightly convex; 
beaks small, incurved; umbones large, prominent; hinge teeth small; ante- 
rior end slightly subangular, posterior rounded ; surface marked by distinct 
concentric lines. 


M. Araucana, D’Orb. sp.var. pl.3, fig. 12. This specimen differs a lit- 
tle from the one figured by D’Orbigny, in the Voyage de l’Astrolabe et Zelée, 
in being less angular anteriorly, and in having the umbonal ridge less strongly 
developed. 


Thracia corbulopsis, pl. 3, fig. 1. Shell nearly equilateral, beaks 
small, slightly curved anteriorly, umbones prominent and rounded, umbonal 
ridge angular, and extends to the margin of the shell; anterior end rounded, 
posterior acutely angular; surface marked by numerous fine concentric lines. 


Venus D’Orbignyanus, pl. 3, fig. 2. Shell inequilateral, somewhat 
convex, beaks small and inclined anteriorly, umbones large and rounded ; 
cardinal margin curved; anterior end rounded, posterior subangular ; surface 
marked by strong concentric lines. This species resembles, in its outline, the 
common V. mercenaria, (M. violacea) of our coast. It differs from 
V. Auca d’Orb. in having the cardinal margin more strongly curved, in be- 
ing more angular posteriorly, and in not being so regularly marked on the 
surface. 


Pinna minuta, pl. 3, fig.10. Shellsmall, robust, narrow ; umbonal ridge 
subangular and nearly parallel with the cardinal line; cardinal and basal mar- 


gins straight; posterior end sub-biangular; surface marked by strong lines of 
growth. 


Modiola cretacea, pl. 3, fig. 3. Shell small; beaks small, anterior ; 
umbonal ridge rounded, continued to the posterior basal margin, gradually 
losing itself in the general curve of the shell, cardinal line arcuate, basal edge 
sinuous ; surface concentrically striate. 


Anomia parva, pl. 3, fig. 15. Shell thin, orbicular, very slightly convex, 
pearly; beak small but acute; surface marked by concentric undulations, 
crossed by delicate radiating lines. 


[ May, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 


June 5th. 


Vice President BrRIpDGEs in the Chair. 


Thirty-seven members present. 


The following papers were presented for publication : 
“The Cutting Ant of Texas,” by S. B. Buckley. 
“ Synonymy of the Cyclades, a family of Acephalous Mollusca, part 


Ist,’ by Temple Prime. 


“ Catalogue of the Colubrideein the museum of the Academy of Natu- 
ral Sciences of Philadelphia, with notes and descriptions of new spe- 


cies,” by E. D. Cope. 


“ Notes on Shells,” by T. A. Conrad. 
“‘ Contributions to the Carboniferous Flora of the United States,’ 


by Horatio C. Wood, Jr. 


And were referred to Committees. 


Dr. Darrach presented the following Catalogue of Plants appearing in 


flower, in the neighborhood of Philadelphia, during the month of May. 


1. RANUNCULACEZ. 
Ranunculus aquatilis. 


BG sceleratus. 
oe recurvatus. 
he bulbosus. 


2. MAGNOLIACEAZ. 
Magnolia glauca. 
Liriodendron tulipifera. 

3. BERBERIDACES. 
Podophyllum peltatum. 


4, NyMPHZACEA. 
Nympheza odorata. 
Nuphar advena. 
5. SARRACENIACE. 
Sarracenia purpurea. 


6. PAPAVERACEZ. 
Chelidoneum majus. 


7. FUMARIACEE. 
Fumaria officinalis. 


8. CRUCIFERZ. 


Arabis lyrata. 
¢ levigata. 
Sisymbrium officinalis. 
Sinapis Nigra. 
9. VIoLACEA. 

Solea concolor. 
Viola lanceolata. 

‘* primulefolia. 

‘¢ striata. 

‘¢ pubescens: 


1860.] 


10. CIsTACER. 


Helianthemum corymbosum. 
Hudsonia tomentosa. 


11. CARYOPHYLLACEZ. 


Silene Pennsylvanica. 
*¢ —antirrhina. 

Arenaria serpyllifolia. 
Stellaria longifolia. 

fs uliginosa. 
Cerastium arvense. 
*Spergula saginoides. 
Scleranthus annuus, 
Sagina procumbens. 


12. OxXALIDACER. 
Oxalis violacea. 
s¢ stricta. 
13. GERANIACEZ. 


Geranium maculatum. 
ee Carolinianum. 
a Robertianum. 


14. SUACARDIACER. 
Rhus toxicodendron. 


15. SAPINDACEa. 
Staphylea trifolia. 


16. LEGUMINOS&. 

Lupinus perennis. 
Trifolium arverse. 

‘¢ pratense. 

ss _-repens. 

‘¢ procumbens. 
Vicia hirsuta. 
Circis Canadensis. 


* Barton, 


199 


200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


17. Rosacezx. 


Prunus serotina. 
Crategus coccinea. 
Pyrus arbutifolia. 
Rubus villosus. 

** Canadensis. 


18. ONAGRACEZ. 
(Enothera sinuata. 


19, SAXIFRAGEACER. 
Saxifraga Pennsylvanica. 
Heuchera Americana. 


20. UMBELLIFERZ. 


Heracleum lanatum. 
Thaspium barbinode. 

as trifolium. 

$6 vy. atropurpureum. 
Osmorrhiza longistylis. 

Sg brevistylis. 


21. ARALIACER. 
Aralia nudicaculis. 


22. CoRNACEZ. 
Cornus Florida. 


23. CAPRIFOLIACEZ. 


Triosteum angustifoleum. 
Viburnum lentago. 
4g acerifolium, 


24, VALERIANACEZ. 


Fedia radiata. 
‘©  olitoria. 


25. CoMPosITz. 


Lucanthemum vulgare. 
Senicio aureus. 

Krigia Virginica. 
Cynthia Virginica. 
Hieracium venosum. 


26. ERICACER. 


Gaylussacia resinosa. 
Vaccinium stamineum. 

cs Pennsylvanicum. 

ne vaccillans. 

SE corymbosum. 

se v. glabrum. 
Leucothe racemosa. 
Andromeda Mariana. 
Kalmia latifolia. 

‘¢ angustifolia. 
Azalea nudifiora. 
Leiophyllum buxifolinm. 
Pyrola chlorantha. 


27. PLANTAGINACEZ. 
Plantago lanceolata. 
‘¢  Virginica. 
28. LENTIBULACE. 
Utricularia subulata. 
29. OROBANCHACEZ. 


Aphyllon unifiora. 
Conopholis Americana. 


30. ScROPHULARIACEZ. 


Linaria Canadensis. 

Veronica Americana. 
‘¢ officinalis. 
‘¢  perigrina. 
‘¢ arvensis. 

Castillea coccinea. 


31. LaBIATz. 
Salvia lyrata. 
32. BoRRAGINACER. 


Symphytum officinalis. 
Mertensia Virginica, 
Myosotis palustris. 

‘¢ arvensis. 


33. HyDROPHYLLACEZ. 
Hydrophyllum Virginicum. 
34, PoLEMONIACEZ. 
Polemonium reptans. 
35. PoLYGONACER. 


Rumex crispus. 
‘¢  acetosella. 


36. SANTALACEZ. 
Comandra umbellata. 
37. EvPHORBIACEZ. 
Euphorbia ipecacuanhe. 
38. MyRicAcEz. 
Myrica cerifera. 


39. ARACEZ. 
Arisema dracontium. 


40. ORCHIDACEZ:; 


Arethusa bulbosa. 
Cypripedium acaule. 


41. AMARYLLIDACEZ. 


Hypoxis erecta. 
42. IRMACEA. 


Iris versicolor. 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 201 


43. SMILACER. 45. MELANTHACES. 
Smilax rotundifolia. Uvularia perfoliata. 
‘¢ herbacea. -< sessilifolia. 
Trillium cernuum. Veratrum viride. 


Mediola Virginica. 
46. CoMMELYNACEA. 


44. LILLIAcEz. wea 
Price Tradescantia Virginica. 
Asparagus officinalis. 
Polygonatum biflorum. 47. ERIOcAULONACEZ. 
Smilacena racemosa. 


et trifolia. Eriocaulon gnaphalodes. 


a bifolia. 
Ornithogalum umbellatum. Orders 47. 
Allium Canadense. Species 130. 


June Oth. 
SPECIAL MEETING. 
Vice President Brip@eEs in the Chair. 


The Vice President announced the object of the meeting to be to 
express the sense of the Academy at its loss in the death of Mr. 
GEORGE W. CARPENTER, its late Treasurer, which occurred on the 7th 
inst. On motion of Mr. Cassin, a committee consisting of Messrs. 
Cassin, Vaux, Rand, Bridges and Jeanes, was appointed, who, after 
a recess, presented the following resolutions, which were unanimously 
adopted : 

Resolved, That the Academy has learned with the deepest regret of 
the decease of our late esteemed fellow member, George W. Carpen- 
ter, who has been associated with this Institution for a period of thirty 
five years, and who, on account of his able and active exertions as a 
member, and faithful discharge of the responsible duties of Treasurer, 
during the long official term of thirty-three years, has been strictly 
identified with, and efficiently co-operative in its progress. 

Resolved, That the members of this Academy do cordially sympa- 
thize with the bereaved family of Mr. Carpenter, and do hereby tender 
to them their sincere condolence. 

Resolved, That the Recording Secretary be instructed to send to 
the family of our deceased member a copy of these resolutions, and 
that they be published in the daily journals of this city. 


June 12th. 
Mr. Wo. S. Vaux in the Chair. 

Forty members present. 

The following papers were presented for publication : 

‘Contributions to American Lepidopterology, No. 5,” by Bracken- 
ridge Clemens, M. D. 

‘“‘Hemiptera of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under 
Commanders Rodgers and Ringgold,” by P. R. Uhler. 

And were referred to Committees. 


1860.] | 13 


202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Prof. Robert E. Rogers made some remarks on the fallacies that arose from 
the ordinary use of language, when applied to the description of phenomena in 
a scientific manner. He adverted to the subject of combustion to illustrate his 
views, and showed that our ordinary explanation of what is called by this 
name, where one of the substances is styled a combustible, and the other a sup- 
porter of combustion, as for example, in the burning of an ordinary gas light, 
was fallacious, because we only looked at it from one point of view. The gas 
to be burned was comparatively small in quantity, and the oxygen surround- 
ing it was in large amount; hence the gas alone appeared to burn—the oxy- 
gen of the air to support it. When, however, we surround the oxygen with a 
large quantity of gas, or, so to speak, with an atmosphere of gas, thus reversing 
entirely the conditions, then the oxygen burns, and the gas becomes a support- 
er of combustion. We have then no right to call the gas a combustible any 
more than the oxygen; or the oxygen a supporter of combustion, any more 
than the gas. The action between the two bodies is mutual, and the various 
phenomena witnessed are the result of that mutual action. The Professor 
then exhibited a beautiful experiment, in which, after first burning the com- 
mon illuminating gas in the ordinary way, he reversed the conditions, and 
burned a jet of common air in an atmosphere of gas. 


June 19th. 
Mr. Lua, President, in the Chair. 

Twenty-one members present. 

The following papers were presented for publication: 

‘On the identity of Ammonites Texanus, /toemer, and A. vesper- 
tinus Morton,’ by Wm. M. Gabb. 

«< Descriptions of three new species of Gorgonide in the Collection 
of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,’ by George W. 
Horn. 

And were referred to Committees. 


June 26th. 
Mr. Lea, President, in the Chair. 
Thirty-one members present. ; 


The following papers were, on the report of the Committces to which 
they had been referred, ordered to be published in the Proceedings : 


On the Identity of Ammonites Texanus, Roemer, and A. vespertinus, Morton. 
BY W. M. GABB. 


In 1834, Dr. Morton described an ammonite from Arkansas, in his synopsis, 
under the name of A. vespertinus. Thetype, consisting of two fragments 
of an individual, apparently about fifteen inches in diameter, is in the collec- 
tion of the Academy. 

As long ago as September of last year, I was struck with the resemblance 
of these specimens to the species described by Roemer, in ‘‘ Kreidebildungen 
von Texas,’? 1852, under the name of A. Texanus. The originals of 
Dr. Morton’s species were so weathered that I was unable to make out the 
septum. 

Prem recently, however, through the kindness of Dr. Moore, I have been 
enabled to procure an undoubted specimen of A. Texanus, consisting of 
nearly the whole outer whorl of an individual, about a foot in diameter. On 
comparing this with Morton's specimens, I became convinced of their identity. 
The names will therefore have to be A. vespertinus, Morton; A. 
Texzanus, Roemer, being a synonyme. 


[Juxe, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 293 


Contributions to American Lepidopterology.—No. 5. 
BY BRACKENRIDGE CLEMENS, M. PD. 


PYRALIDZ.—CRAMBITES. 
Crambus Fabricius. 


C. agitatellus.—Head and thorax pale luteous ; labial palpi somewhat 
fuscous, white beneath. Fore wings ochreous, tinted with orange, beneath 
the fold and toward the tip, with a broad silvery white median streak divided 
longitudinally by a chrome yellew line. The costa is dark fuscous from the 
base, and beyond the middle are two oblique fusco-luteous lines, the first of 
which is joined at an angle by another in the middle of the wing. On the 
middle of the apical third is a silvery white patch, another in the costa above 
it, a small one in the middle ef hind margin, and one at the tip, margined 
internally by a small fuscous patch. Along the nervules, above and beneath 
the middle ef the wing, are fuscous lines containing dull silvery scales, with 
a subterminal angulated silvery line, and a few marginal dots beneath the 
middle of the wing. Cilia silvery-hued. Hind wings whitish. 


C. laqueatellus.—Head luteous. Thorax and labial palpi fuscous, the 
latter whitish beneath. Fore wings with two silvery white streaks, separated 
by a fuscous streak; the upper silvery streak is margined on the costa with 
fuscous, and the lower one, which extends beyond the apical third, is edged 
on the fold by the same hue. Beneath the fold, the wing is pale yellowish 
with a fuscous streak along submedian nervure. The apical portion of the 
wing is tinted with ochreous-yellow, in which the nervules are streaked with 
silvery; on the costa, near the tip, is an oblique silvery streak, dark mar- 
gined on both sides. The subterminal silvery line is much angulated, and 
beneath the middle of the wing, is a large marginal whitish patch, containing 
black lines on the nervules. The tip of the wing is silvery, with an ochreous- 
yellow patch. Cilix silvery-hued. Hind wings pale fuscous, cilia white. 


C. involutellus.—Labial paipi dark fuscous, whitish at the base be- 
neath. Head and thorax dark yellowish with a brassy hue. Fore wings 
fusco-ochreous, with a brassy lustre, with a median silvery white streak 
pointed behind and extended nearly to the hind margin. The subterminal 
line is silvery, with a short white streak on each side of if on the costa. At 
the tip is a small white spot, and on the hinder margin beneath the middle is 
a whitish patch, containing marginal black dots. Cilia silvery-hued. Hind 
wings pale bluish white. 


In some specimens the general hue of the fore wings is paler than the 
above. 


C. camurelius. Labial palpi fuscous, whitish above. Head whitish. 
Fore wings rather pale, dull reddish fuscous or pale ochreous, dusted with 
fuscous, with an irregular patch of fuscous scales on the middle of the wing, 
where it is crossed by an angulated, rather ferruginous line, and one of the 
same hue near the hinder margin, edged externally by dull silvery. The 
nervules are faintly marked by silvery lines, and on the hind margin is a 
row of black dots. Cilia dark but silvery-hued. Hind wings grayish. 


C. luteolellus.—Labial palpi pale yellowish, dusted externally with 
fuscous. Head, thorax and fore wings yellowish white, sometimes dusted 
with fuscous, with a patch of fuscous scales on the end of the disc, and an 
irregular line of the same hue near hinder margin. The hind margin marked 
by a slender dark brown line; cilia yellowish white. Hind wings fuscous, 
cilia whitish. 


1860.] 


204 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


C. caliginosellus.—Head, thorax and labial palpi dark fuscous. Fore 
wings dark fuscous, with two angulated umber brown lines, one about the 
middle of the wing, and rather indistinct, and one near the hind margin; on 
the hinder margin is a blackish brown line; cilia fascous. Hind wings rather 
dark fuscous; cilia whitish. 


C. mutabilis.—Grayish fuscous, varied beneath the fold with luteous. 
Labial palpi dark fuscous. Fore wings with a grayish median stripe, not ex- 
tending beyond the disk, more or less tinted with luteous beneath the fold, 
and with fuscous along the base of the costa. On the end of the median ner- 
vure is a dark brown dot, and sometimes streaked with dark fuscous beneath . 
the nervure. The subterminal line is faint and bluish, usually containing a 
row of faint brownish dots. Hind wings yellowish, gray or pale fuscous. 

This species appears to be highly variable, the general hue being sometimes 
pale ochreous, and in specimens somewhat worn, scarcely to be identified. 


C. vulgivagellus.—Labial palpi luteous, dark fuscous externally. 
Head and thorax Iuteous ; tegule with a fuscous stripe. Fore wings lnteous, 
with numerous fuscous streaks in atoms, along the veins and two in the disk. 
Hind margin with a row of terminal black dots; cilia golden hued. Hind 
wings yellowish; cilia whitish. 


C. albellus.—Pure white, with a row of black dots on the hind margin 
of the fore wings, with an oblique pale yellow acutely angulated line from 
near the middle of costa, and an angulated silvery subterminal line margined 
on both sides with pale yellowish. Above the marginal dots at the base of 
the cilia is a short blackish marginal line. Hind wings pale brownish-gray or 
whitish. 


C. elegang.—Whitish. Fore wings at the base of costa rather broadly 
streaked with brown, having a brassy lustre, with a patch of brown scales on 
the inner margin near the base, and a short, curved streak of the same hue 
about its middle, which forms with its opposite when the wings are closed a 
semi-circular dorsal line, behind which the wing is dusted with brown. On 
the apical third of the wing is a broad, brown band, broadest on the costa, 
where it encloses a small white spot, and with a straight brown subterminal 
line exterior to it, on a silvery white ground. The hinder margin is dotted 
with black points; cilia silvery. Hind wings pale brownish white. 

Variety. Costa slightly touched at the base with dark fuscous. No distinct 
broad band on the apical third, but the costa from nearly the middle, dark 
fuscous, containing two small, white costal spots. The subterminal line 
whitish, margined on each side with fuscons. The spot on middle of inner 
margin rather diffuse, not linear, and the wing behind it but little dusted. 
Hind wings whitish. 


C. Girardellus.—bLabial palpi pale fuscous externally, above and be- 
neath silvery white. Fore wings silvery white, with an orange yellow stripe 
beneath the median nervure, somewhat turned upwards at its tip toward the 
apex of the wing, and extended on the sides of the thorax to the head; it is 
slightly margined toward the costa of the wing with dark reddish fuscous. 
The hind margin is dotted with blackish dots, and at the base of the cilia is a 
dark brown marginal line; cilia silvery. Head wings white. 

Mass. From Dr. Chas. Girard. 


C. auratellus.—Labial palpi and antennz orange yellow, the former 
silvery white above. Fore wings silvery white, with an orange yellow band, 
from the apical third of the costa to the middle of inner margin, where it is 
broadest, and somewhat produced along the costa toward the tip, and the 
inner margin to the anal angle. Cilia orange yellow, with a dark reddish 
fuscous, somewhat crenated basal line. Head wings white. 

Mass. From Mr, 8. H. Scudder, Jr. 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 205 


Cuito Zincken. 


C. longirostrallus.—Labial palpi, head and thorax ochreous white. 
Fore wings pale yellowish-white, with a fuscous line from the tip to the inner 
margin. Hind wings pale ochreous white. Abdomen tufted at the tip. 


C. melinellus.—Ochreous yellow. Fore wings with a pale fuscous 
streak along the middle of the fold, extended nearly te the tip, and a faint 
oblique line of the same hue, from the tip, not extended to the hind margin. 
Hind wings pale yellowish-white. Abdomen tufted. 


C. aquilellus.—Dark fuscous. Fore wings with an ochreous streak 
along the submedian nervure and its nervules, and those beneath likewise 
touched with the same hue. Hind wings yellowish fuscous. 


PHYCITES. 
Nersorteryx Hiibner. 


N. unduiatella.—Labial palpi, head and thorax grayish fuscous. Fore 
wings grayish fuscous, with an angulated white line crossing the disk, some- 
times obsolete above the fold, margined with dark brownish, and a subtermi- 
nal line of the same hue dark margined on both sides. At the end of the 
disk is a short blackish transverse line, slightly margined exteriorly with 
whitish. Hinder margin tipped with blackish; cilia grayish fuscous. Hind 
wings grayish testaceous ; cilia paler. 

Penna., Canada and Mass. From Dr. Chas. Girard, Washington, D. C. 

Early in Gctober, I found pupe of this insect at Niagara Falls, on the Ca- 
mada side, under shelter of loosened portions ef the bark of the American 
Elm. They were enclosed in a cocoon of silk, mixed with particles of bark. 
On the same tree I teck a number of larve# which were descending the trunk 
to undergo pupation. I did not, however, obtain imagos from any of the 
specimens. The body was nearly uniform in diameter, with the ordinary 
number of feet. Head as broad as the body and dark green. Body dark 
green, between the segments yellowish and dotted with yellow ; first rings 
with two black dots on the sides. 


N.? ulmi-arrosorella.—Female. Grayish-fuscous. Fore wings with 
a slender, dark fuscous angulated line, edged on the costa internally by a pale 
grayish spot, and on the inner margin externally by ancther of the same hue. 
The subterminal line pale gray, dark margined internally. Hind wings pale 
brownish, darker on the margin. 

The larva is found on the American elm in August. The head is pale 
brown, dotted with dark brown. The body dark green, with a dorsal, double 
line of pale green patches, and a slight subdorsal and stigmatal line of the 
same hue. On the Ist, 2d, 4th, 5th and 10th rings, are brown subdorsal 
points. It weaves a web on the surface of the leaves, feeding beneath it. 
The pupa is contained in a web between united leaves, inthe vivarium. It 
becomes a pupa about the middle of August, and an imago about twelve or 
fourteen days after transformation. 


Pempetia? Hiibner. 


Male. Labial palpi moderately long, scarcely exceeding the vertex ; first and 
second joints thick, third extremely short and slender. Maxillary palpi with a 
short pencil of hairs. Tongue nearly as long as the thorax beneath: scaled at 
base. 


P.? virgatella.—Brownish luteous. Fore wings varied with pale gray- 
ish toward the base and tip, with dull pale reddish at the base and middle of 
inner margin; on the middle of the costa is a blackish blotch, containing a 
short line of the same hue, and opposite, an angulated whitish line, with few 
black spots exterior to the costal line; a blotch of the same hue towards the 


1860.] 


206 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


base of submedian nervure, and a pale grayish subterminal line margined inter- 
nally by a blackish line, and externally by black streaks on the nervules. 
The internal black margin is edged on the costa and middle of the wing with 
pale grayish. Hinder margin spotted with black; cilia grayish fuscous. Hind 
wings pale brownish. 


P.? subcaesiella.—WMale. Pale bluish gray, dusted with fuscous. Fore 
wings with a reddish luteous band at the base, broadest on the inner margin, 
and a rather broad, dark fuscous band on the basal third. The subterminal 
line is pale grayish, edged behind by dark fuscous. Hind wings pale brownish. 


EPHESTIA —? 


E. ostrinel}la.—Reddish-purple varied with blackish. Fore wings with 
the basal third and the apical portion reddish purple, with a broad blackish 
band in the middle edged internally by a straight whitish line, and an exte- 
rior costal patch of the same hue containing two blackish dots on a short 
streak. The subterminal line is pale grayish. Hind wings pale brownish 
gray. 

The larve lives in the fruit heads of Sumack, passing the winter in the 
larval state. It is dark reddish-brown, head brown; cervical and terminal 
shields blackish brown. The body is supplied with a few isolated hairs, and 
one or two rows of obscure dark brown subdorsal dots. 

The larve make galleries through the fruit heads, and desert them in the 
spring, to form their cocoons, which are slight silken webs, and appear as 
imagos about the middle of April. 


E. Zeae.—Tinea Zeae, Fitch, Rept. 2d, 321. Fore wings with the basal 
third pale ochreous-yellow or yellowish-white, and the remainder fuscous, 
with a reddish-luteous spot on the end of the disk, or dark grayish-fuscous 
varied with reddish luteous. 

The larve is a frequent inhabitant of houses, and feeds on a variety of dry 
goods, rye, corn, clover seed, on garlic heads, preserves, especially those con- 
tained in jars. The seeds are bound together with a silken web in which 
galleries are left. It would be wellif Dr. Fitch changed the specific name of 
this insect as corn is by no means its favorite or usual food. 

The labial palpi of the imago are more decidedly porrected than in the 
foregoing species, but I do not think the difference between them is generic. 
I have no males of Zeae in my collection and do not know whether they have 
the tuft beneath the fore wing. 


LANTHAPHE. 


Male. The discoidal cell of the fore wings is narrow and appears to be un- 
closed. The costal and subcostal nervures run very close to each other, if 
not united, in the basal third of the wing; the former, from union with the 
first subcosto-marginal branch much thickened, or indistinctly furcate. The 
subcostal subdivides into two branches near the basal third of the wing, the 
upper one subdividing again in the middle of the wing, sending a branch with 
a long fork to the costa near the tip and a simple branch to the apex. The 
lower branch is thickened towards its origin, simple, and is the post-apical 
nervule. The median is thickened towards its end, and is four-branched. 
Hind wings neuration pyraliform. 

Head with ocelli. Eyes large and salient. Labial palpi ascending, applied 
closely to the front and with the tips much elevated above the vertex; first 
and second joints very short, first almost rudimental; the third very long, 
folded longitudinally like a sheath. Maxillary palpi rather short, with a pencil 
of very long, silky hairs, capable of being expanded, and carried concealed in 
the sheath formed by the third joint of labial palpi. Antenne ciliated beneath ; 
basal joint thick, with a short horn-like appendage behind having a tuft of 
hairs. Fore wings with a small discal vitreous spot, and the under surface from 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 207 


the base of the costa to the middle, thickly covered with long scales placed trans- 
versely. 

Female. ore wings without discal vitreous spot. Discoidal cell closed by 
an arcuate nervure ; with costal and subcostal nervures distinct, the latter 
with a single marginal branch from the cell, and at the apical third of the 
wing subdividing into an apical and marginal branch, which is furecate ; the 
subcosto post-apical from the superior angle of the cell. Submedian four 
branched. 

With ocelli. Labial palpi ascending, with tips but little elevated above the 
vertex; nearly cylindrical; second joint somewhat thickened and long, ex- 
tending above the eyes; the third short, slender and pointed. Maxillary 
short, without pencil of hairs. Antenne simple and setaceous: basal joint 
thick, without appendage behind. 

The tongue in both sexes is scaled at the base, and moderately long; and 
the fore wings with distinct strige and tufts of scales. 

This genus appears to be congeneric with Acrobasis of Zeller. 


L. platanella.—tLabial palpi pale brownish-red, touched in front with 
pale gray. Head and thorax brownish-red, the latter varied with grayish and 
dark fuscous. Fore wings grayish fuscous, with the costa touched with 
brownish red, and a patch of the same hue in the female, near the base of the 
inner margin containing a tuft of raised scales; in the male, blackish brown, 
touched with brownish red. The base of the wing is whitish. In the middle 
of the wing is a broad white band, obsolete toward the costa, with two straight 
blackish-brown lines internally, and in the male shaded internally with the 
same hue. The subterminal line is irregular and whitish, dark margined 
internally. The hinder margin of the wing is touched with blackish-brown. 
Hind wings pale brown, somewhat darker toward the hinder margin. 

The larve is tortriciform in appearance. Head pale brown, mottled with 
whitish. Body with isolated hairs, pale green, with a dark brown dorsal line 
and a fainter stigmatal line of the same hue, or pale reddish, with a brown 
dorsal line on each side of the vascular. 

It makes a web on the under surface of the leaf of Sycamore, (Platanus 0 c- 
cidentalis), drawing it together and living within a silken tube. 

The cocoonis woven on the surface of the ground, in form of a flattened oval, 
consisting of brown silk covered exteriorly with grains of earth. The larve 
remain in it unchanged during the winter. It may be taken in July, and 
enters the pupa state during the latter part of August, to appear as an imago 
in May or June. 


L. asperatella.—Labial palpi blackish brown, varied with whitish. 
Thorax pale grayish, varied with grayish or dark gray. Fore wings dark 
brownish-gray, with a blackish brown tuft of scales in the basal part of the 
fold, and a smaller one of the same hue on the disk above it, a whitish me- 
dian band, sometimes almost obsolete, containing on the disk a small black- 
ish-brown tuft in the female, with an internal crenated blackish line, and 
shaded toward the base with blackish; on its external margin is a line of 
raised scales. The subterminal line is pale grayish, angulated and margined 
internally by a blackish line, and externally by a fainter one produced into 
points on the nervules. The hinder marginal line is black. Sometimes in 
the female the base of the wing is whitish, slightly touched with luteous. 

Penna. and Mass. From Dr. Chas. Girard. 


TINEINA. 
Lirnocottetis. (See Paper No. 2.) 


L. Fitchella.—Argyromiges quercifoliella, Fitch, Report v., Section 
327. Head, face and thorax silvery white. Labial palpi tipped with pale 
ochreous. Antenne pale saffron; basal joint silvery white. Fore wings pale 


1860.] 


208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


reddish-saffron, with a slight brassy hue. Along the costa are five silvery white 
costal streaks, all black margined internally except the first, which is very 
oblique and continued along the costa to the base of the wing. All the costal 
streaks are short, except the first. On the inner margin are two conspicuous 
silvery dorsal streaks, dark margined internally, the first, very large, and placed 
near the middle of the inner margin, the second opposite the third costal 
streak. At the tip is a small, round black spot, placed above the middle of 
the wing; cilia silvery gray, tinted with saffron. Hind wings grayish-fuscous, 
cilia paler. ; 

The specific name used by Dr. Fitch being already in use to designate a 
European species of this genus, it was necessary to change it. I feel pleasure, 
therefore, in dedicating it to the industrious observer who first described it, 
and who is adding so much to our knowledge of entomological Natural His- 
tory. 


L. tubiferella.—Head silvery white. Antenne fuscous, slightly annu- 
lated with white ; basal joint pale saffron. Fore wings pale saffron, with two 
silvery white, moderately broad bands, black margined externally, one near 
the base and the other on the middle of the wing, and both somewhat oblique ; 
cilia of the general hue. Hind wings dark grayish, cilia the same. 

The larva belongs to the second larval group of this genus, but the body 
much more contracted than that of any other larval have seen. Its form is 
almost that of a flattened ovoid, the rings separated by deep incisions, and each 
forming in the sides a projecting mammilla. 

The larva mines the upper surface of the leaves of oaks in September, and 
doubtless also in the summer months. The mine is a linear tract, sometimes 
curved or wavy, gradually increasing in breadth from the beginning to the 
end, or as the larva increases in length, with the ‘‘frass’’ deposited on each 
side of the tract and marking its outlines by two black lines. The position 
of the larva within the mine is likewise a peculiar one, as it is always placed 
transversely to its course, and hence the deposition of the ‘‘frass’’ on the 
sides, and the gradual increase in breadth as the larva grows in length. Its 
head is blackish brown; the body pale greenish, with pale brown dorsal ma- 
cule, darker on their edges. It undergoes transformation in the end of the 
mine, preparing a circular cell or slightly silk-lined cavity, and leaves the 
last larval cast outside of it. The fall brood of larva become imagos about 
the middle of May. 


L. crategella.—tThis insect is found on the apple and wild cherry, (P. 
serotina), without undergoing any variation, which I candetect. I thought 
beyond doubt, that that in the leaf of wild cherry, must be a distinct species, 
for the larva has a habit unusual to larve of this group, and which I have not 
noticed in those on the thorn and apple, although, doubtless, they correspond. 
The habit I refer to in wild cherry miners, consists in deserting an old mine to 
form a new one, reminding one strongly of the early habits of the Ornix larve. 
‘The larva enters along the midrib to form a new mine, which I have found in 
various stages of advancement, besides the old and tenantless mine in another 
portion of the leaf. 


TiscHERIA. (See Paper No. 2.) 


T. malifoliella.—Head and antenne shining dark brown; face ochre- 
ous. Fore wings uniform, shining dark brown with a purplish tinge, slightly 
dusted with pale ochreous ; cilia of the general hue. Hind wings dark gray; 
cilia with a rufous tinge. 

The larva mines the upper surface of the apple leaf. The mine is flat, at 
least until the larva enters the pupa state, and begins as a slender white line, 
dilating as it increases, and is ultimately formed into an irregular brownish 
colored patch, which is sometimes extended over the beginning. This is then 
shown on the separated epidermis as a white line or streak. The head of the 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 209 


larva is brown; the body uniform pale green; first segment brownish, with a 
short, vascular greenish streak. When the pupation begins the leaf is thrown 
into a fold, which is carpeted with silk, and the pupa lies within it. This 
state begins about the latter part of September, and the imago appears early 
in May. 


AntispIna. (See Paper No. 3.) 


A. Isabella.—Head golden. Antenne purplish brown. Fore wings pur- 
plish brown, without violet and greenish reflections, with a pale golden band near 
the base, inclined toward the base, not constricted on the fold, but broadest 
on the inner margin. Near the tip of the wing is a small pale golden costal 
spot, and one of the same hue nearly opposite on the inner margin. The 
hind wings have a greenish reflection; mm Nyssefoliella, they are rather deep 
purple. 

The larva mines the leaf of Isabella grape in September. Its head is brown; 
the body yellowish white, with a few black dorsal spots on a dark green ground, 
on the middle segments and beneath a spot on the fourth and fifth segments : 
first segment dark green. It cuts out a very large, nearly round disk, during 
the latter part of September, and appears as an imago in the latter part of 
May. 


A. viticordifoliella.—tThe larva mines the leaves of wild grapes. Its 
head is brown; the body yellowish green, without dorsal or ventral spots ; 
the first ring brown. It may be taken in August, and in the beginning of 
September it cuts out a small oval disk and enters the pupa state. I have not 
succeeded in breeding the imago, but have no doubt it is specifically distinct 
from any heretofore described. 


ASPIDISCA. 
(See Proceedings, Jan’y., 1860, p. 11.) 

The diagnosis of this genus was made from two specimens of A.splendorife- 
rella. In insects so extremely small and fragile, even when relaxed by mois- 
ture, it is no simple task to make a correct diagnosis from a single examina- 
tion. The reader will therefore please correct in the January number of the 
Proceedings as follows: Labial palpi extremely short and slender, much separated. 
Tongue naked and scarcely as long as the anterior coxe. 


A. lucifluella.—Head silvery. Antenne rather dark fuscous. Fore 
wings silvery from the base to the middle, and thence to the tip dark fuscous 
varied with golden. Near the tip are three short, costal silvery streaks adjacent 
to each other; the first is longer than the others, with converging dark mar- 
gins, and a golden patch on its internal side; the second with straight dark 
margins, and a golden patch beneath and adjoining it; the third is unmar- 
gined except by the external margin of the second streak which separates 
them. Opposite the first costal streak is a dorsal, tapering streak of the same 
hue, and placed in the dark fuscous portion of the wing. From the second 
golden spot to the middle of the hinder margin is an oblique silvery streak, 
sometimes separated into two spots. At the extreme apex is a deep black 
triangular spot; the cilia grayish, tinged with pale brownish. 

The larva may be found in September and October mining the leaves of 
hickories. The head, first and second segments are brownish, with a reddish 
tinge ; body brownish-green, with a dark green vascular line and three black- 
ish dorsal spots on the middle segments. Early in October the larva cuts out 
an oval disk and enters the pupa state, to appear as an imago early in June. 
The perfect insect is larger than splendoriferella. 


PARECTOPA. 


The fore wings are lanceolate. The disk is acutely closed behind, at the 
apical third of the wing and narrow. No costal nervure. The subcostal sends 


1860.] 


210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


off quite near the base of the wing a long marginal branch, and near its end, 
two other branches to the costa. From the acute apex of the disk arises the 
apical branch, which, near its origin sends a branch to the costa, and about 
its middle becomes bifid, sending one branch to the costa near the tip, and 
the other to the inner margin beneathit. The median is three-branched, the 
posterior vein arising somewhat interiorly to the costal origin of the second 
marginal, and is most distinct on theinner margin, being faintly indicated from 
its middle to its origin. 

Hind wings very narrow, almost setiform. The disk unclosed. The costal 
nervure is well indicated and long, reaching almost to the tip of the wing. 
The subcostal is furcate beyond the middle of the wing and is attenuated to- 
ward the base almost from its bifurcation; it runs close to the costal trunk. 
The median nervure is fureate within the middle of the wing, on the inner 
margin. 

Head with long, loose scales above, forming a slight tuft between the an- 
tenne. Forehead rounded. Face narrow and short, somewhat retreating and 
smooth. No ocelli. Eyes small, round, salient and naked. Labial palpi 
moderately long, slender, smooth, pointed and drooping, (in the living insect 
most probably ascending) ; second joint slightly thickened at its end. Max- 
illary palpi not perceptible. Antenne inserted on the front; filiform and sim- 
ple ; basal joint scarcely thicker than the stalk and short; nearly as long as 
the fore wings. Tongue naked, slender, nearly as long as the thorax beneath. 


P. lespedezefoliella.—Head and face white. Labial palpi, second 
joint dark fuscous. the third white. Antenne dark grayish fuscous. Thorax 
blackish brown. Fore wings blackish brown, with three silvery white spots 
along the inner margin, one almost at the base of the wing, one at the apical 
third, and the other intermediate between them. On the costa are twosilvery 
white spots, the first a little exterior to the second dorsal; the second costal 
opposite the third dorsal. Along the hinder margin is a black hinder margi- 
nal line, or two decided converging black streaks, one from the costa and the 
other from the inner margin, meeting at the tip where there is a small silvery 
white spot. The cilia along the hinder margin are silvery white tipped with 
blackish, and along the inner margin dark gray. Hind wings dark fuscous, 
cilia the same. 

The larva mines the leaves of bush-clover, (Lespedeza violacea) early in 
September. It makes a whitish blotch mine, with a number of narrow, lat- 
eral mines, or rather wide galleries running out from it, on the upper surface 
of the leaf. The blotch is chiefly in the middle of the leaf, the larva mining 
along the midrib in the first instance, and when disturbed it conceals itself 
by retreating to the midrib, and applies itself along the course of it. Hence 
tenanted mines may easily be mistaken for deserted ones. The mine never 
contains ‘ frass,’’? and the larva seems to leave one capriciously, whilst it is 
yet small in extent, to form a new one ; this it does by penetrating the under 
cuticle of the leaf. In the course of larval life, many new mines are formed 
and the insect is a troublesome one to breed. The larvais cylindrical, slightly 
tapering from the first segment, and the body bright, concolorous green. It 
deserts its food-plant about the middle of September to form its cocoonet ; 
this is woven upon some substance on the ground, in the vivarium, in a pucker 
on aleaf, or under a turned-down portion of the edge, andis white. It appears 
aS an imago early in May. 

I have no good description of this larva in my notes, but have of another 
having precisely similar habits, and in appearance very like it. It mines a 
species of Desmodium plauts, nearly related to Lespedeza, and is probably the 
same insect, or at least of the same genus as the above. The body of this 
larva tapers posteriorly ; it is submoniliform and slightly flattened, with the 
segments roundly mammillated on the sides. The feet are three, the abdomi- 
nal three and the terminal one pair. The head is pale brown; the body 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 211 


bright green, tinged with yellowish. The larve desert their mines to form 
new ones, hence they are never extensive, sometimes blotches, and again ir- 
regular galleries along the midrib, with lateral branches. The ‘‘frass’’ is 
voided at the entrance opening beneath. I was not successful in breeding the 
larye on Desmodium. 


Buccutatrrx Zeller. 
(See Paper No. 3, Proceedings, Jan., 1860. The authority there given is a mistake.) 


B. pomifoliella.—Head and face very pale ochreous, with the tuft 
tipped with brownish. Antenne pale ochreous, dotted above with dark fus- 
cous. Fore wings whitish, tinged with pale yellowish, freely dusted with 
brown. On the middle of inner margin is a large dark brown, oval patch, 
forming, with its opposite when the wings are closed, a conspicuous, nearly 
round dorsal patch; a streak of the same hue, from the costa opposite it, run- 
ning to the inner angle of the wing and tapering from the costa where it is 
broadest. At the tip is a round, dark brown apical spot, and in the cilia a 
dark brown hinder marginal line. Hind wings pale brownish ochreous, cilia 
the same. 

The larva feeds externally on the leaf of apple, at least at the time it was 
taken, in the latter part of September. It is cylindrical and submoniliform ; 
tapers anteriorly and posteriorly ; with punctiform points and isolated hairs, 
first segment with rather abundant dorsal hairs; thoracic feet three, abdomi- 
nal four and very short, terminal one pair. Head small, ellipsoidal, brown ; 
body dark yellowish green, tinged with reddish anteriorly ; hairs blackish and 
short. 

Early in October the larva enters the pupa state, weaving an elongated, 
dirty white, ribbed cocoon, and appears as in imago during the latter part of 
the following April or early in May. 


B. agnella.—Head and face sordid white, the latter touched with fuscous. 
Antenne dark fuscous. Fore wings whitish, washed with pale luteous-brown, 
which prevails especially towards the tip and along the fold. About the 
middle of inner margin, on the fold, is a small dark fuscous mark, consisting 
of a few scales. The costa is dark fuscous from the base, and about the middle 
of the wing gives off a short oblique streak of the same hue, and another 
near the apical third, which is fuscous near the costa and pale luteous-brown 
beyond it, and margined exteriorly with white, especially on the costa. The 
long scales in the cilia are tipped with dark brown. Hind wings brownish, 
cilia brownish with a rufous tinge. 


Taken on wing about the middle of May. 


MAcHIMIA. 


Fore wings with the hind margin obliquely pointed. The subcostal nervure 
gives off a marginal branch near the basal third, and at the end of the disk 
subdivides into four nervules, of which the apical is furcate near the tip. 
The median is four-branched, the medio-posterior remote from the penulti- 
mate. The submedian is furcate at the base. In the disk is a long, faintly 
indicated secondary cell. The neuration of the hind wings like that of De- 
pressaria. The discal nervure is oblique. The interior basal angle rounded, 
and the margin slightly excised behind it. 

Head and forehead between the antenn®, shaggy. Face rather smooth, 
depressed and retreating. No ocelli. Eyes small, oval and salient. Labial 
palpi rather long, remote from the face, slender, curved and ascending; second 
joint roughened with scales; the third smooth, aciculate, and about one-third 
less long than the second. Maxillary palpi very short. Antenne about one- 
half as long as the fore wing, simple and filiform ; basal joint short. Tongue 
scaled, about as long as the anterior coxe. 


1860.) 


212 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


M. tentoriferella.—Labial palpi pale yellowish; basal half of the 
second joint blackish or dark fuscous. Fore wings reddish ochreous, with 
dispersed dark fuscous atoms. The extreme base of the costa is blackish, 
from a small black spot on its edge; with three blackish brown spots arranged 
in a triangle in the middle of the wing, one about the middle of the disk, 
another on its end, and one in the fold beneath them; cilia rather long and 
russet colored. Hind wings rufo-fuscous, along the discal portion of costa, 
pale ochreous. 

The larva tapers posteriorly from the head; terminal legs short, placed 
posteriorly, projecting beyond the shield; abdominal legs short ; with papili- 
form points in squares, each bearing a hair; body cylindric and sub-monili- 
form. The head is large, carried horizontally ; somewhat flattened above, but 
rounded ; cervical shield doubtfully indicated, its color dark green. Body 
dark green, at first uniform, but after the last moult, a double yellowish- 
green dorsal line is added. 

It may be found during the latter part of July, on the leaves of wild cherry, 
oaks and hickories. On the underside of the leaf it throws a closely woven 
sheet or web from the midrib to the side of the leaf, and draws it into a shallow 
fold. This sheet or tent is not much longer than the larva itself, open at both 
ends, transparent, shining and vitreous. Beneath this it rests during the 
day, and in the night leaves it to feed on the edges of the leaf, retreating to 
its cover if alarmed. To this it clings most tenaciously if disturbed, thrust- 
ing its head from beneath it, shaking it from side to side, or if disturbed in 
front, retreats, without leaving it, and defends itself stoutly with its mandi- 
bles. Its length is about half an inch. When it leaves a leaf to form 
a new tent on another, it always devours the silk of the one it deserts. 

During the latter part of August or first of September it enters the pupa 
state and forms its cocoon, by turning down a portion of a leaf, carpeting it 
with silk and binding its edges closely. The opening left at the ends, corres- 
ponding to the tail of the pupa, is closed densely, and the other with loose 
silken threads. The pupa case is very dark reddish brown, and it remains in 
situ when the imago escapes. The antenne-cases as long as the wing-cases ; 
abdomen rather short and blunt; cylindrico-conical. The imago appears 
during the latter part of September. 


PsILocorsIis. 


The neuration of the wings differs in scarcely any respect from the foregoing 
genus, except that the medio-posterior vein 7s not remote from the penultimate. 
The posterior veins of the median are very much curved. The structure of 
the fore wings in both these groups is much like that in the Tortrices. 

Head smooth. Face rounded. Ocellinone. Eyes large, round and salient. 

Labial palpi long, remote from the face, recurved, rather slender; second 
joint rather flattened, smooth, with appressed scales ; third smooth, slender and 
pointed, nearly as long as the second joint. Maxillary palpi short, distinct. 
Antenne about one half as long as the fore wings, simple and filiform ; basal 
joint rather long and subclavate. Tongue one-half as long as thorax beneath, 
sealed. 


P. quercicella.—Head and thorax dark yellowish-brown. Labial palpi, 
second joint ochreous, with a black line on the edge beneath; third black, 
with two yellowish white stripes in front. Antenne ochreous, with a black 
line above, terminating in black spots; basal joint with two black stripes in 
front. Fore wings yellowish brown, varied with blackish irregular strie, 
chiefly from the costa, with a black dot on the endof the disk. The posterior 
margin is tipped with blackish ; the cilia are yellowish brown, containing two 
dark fuscous hinder marginal lines. Posterior wings pale ochreous, cilia the 
same. 

The larva tapers from the third segment anteriorly and posteriorly ; flattened 


{June 


NATURAL SOIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 213 


above and beneath, submoniliform; no dorsal papilliform points, but two 
rows on the sides ; abdominal and terminal feet very short, the latter placed 
posteriorly. Head small, cordate, horizontal. The body is yellowish or pale 
greenish, the head, 1st, 2d, and 3d segments black. 

It binds the leaves of oaks together, in August and September, and picks 
out the parenchyma between the network of veins. In the latter part of Sep- 
tember it weaves a slight cocoon between two leaves, (in nature it is probably 
made elsewhere than between the leaves of its food plant), and becomes a ra- 
ther short, thick pupa, with the antenne cases moniliform and longer than 
the wing-cases, beyond the end of which they project as an obtuse spine. It 
appears as an imago in March or April. 


Labial palpi very long and recurved, the tips extending back as far as prothoraz, 
but remote from the face and head. 


P. reflexella.—Head brownish, tinged with ferruginous. Labial palpi 
dark ochreous, with a black line on the edge of second joint beneath, and 
three black lines on the third, one in front and one on each side. Antenne 
dark ochreous, annulated with dark fuscous ; basal joint with two black stripes 
in front. Fore wings dull ochreous, profusely dusted with reddish fuscous ; 
cilia short and dark colored. Hind wings fuscous. 

This species very closely resembles, physically, M.tentoriferella. The 
labial palpi are longer, however, more recurved, and the second joint perfectly 
smooth, whilst in tentoriferella it is roughened with seales. 

Both these genera likewise closely approach the European genus Phibolocera, 
and it is not impossible that one of them may be really identical with it, not- 
withstanding the longer antennz and shorter third joint of the labial palpi in 
the European species. 


MENESTA. 


Fore wings obtusely pointed above the middle, elongate-ovate. Disk closed 
by a very faint nervure. The subcostal subdivides into five nervules, the first 
of which is from the middle of the disk, the fourth being the apical, and the 
fifth the post apical from the middle of the disk behind. The median is three- 
branched, the medio-posterior being opposite the third subcostal vein. The 
fold is thickened at its end and rung into the basal third of the median. The 
submedian curved, and shortly furcate at the base. 

Hind wings somewhat trapezoidal, slightly emarginate on the hind margin 
beneath the tip. The discoidal cell unclosed. The costal nervure is long 
and extended nearly to the tip. The subcostal somewhat attenuated at its 
base, distinct from the costal, and furcate at the apical third of the wing. The 
median three-branched, the superior and central veins on a common stalk. 

Size small. Head and face smooth, minutely scaled. Forehead and face 
rounded and yery broad. Ocellinone. Eyes vertically placed, minute, oval, 
salient. Labial palpi smooth, slender, curved and ascending equal to the 
vertex ; second joint slightly thickened towards its end; third very slender, 
pointed, and not more than one-half as long as the second. Maxillary palpi 
very short, distinct. Antenne much separated at their base, about one-half 
as long as the fore wings, filiform and ciliated beneath microscopically, with 
one hair to each article; basal joint very short, scarcely thicker than the 
stalk. Tongue scaled at the base, slender, and about as long as the anterior 
core. 


M. tortriciformella.—Labial palpi fuscous, towards the base whitish. 
Head, antennz, and face dark luteo-fuscous, the latter whitish beneath. Fore 
wings dark brownish with a purplish hue, with a small lunate white spot on 
the end of the disk. Hind wings dark fuscous, cilia the same. Feet pale 
yellowish, the ends of middle and posterior tibie touched with fuscous ; the 
middle tarsi fuscous externally, and the hind tarsi banded with fuscous at 
the base. 


1860.] 


214 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Nepticuna Zeller. 


N. rubifoliella.—Head dark Iuteous. Palpi somewhat paler luteous. 

Antenne luteous, basal joint silvery white. Fore wings blackish-brown, 
with a rather narrow, curved silvery band about the middle of the wing. The 
band is concave toward the base of the wing, and shows a tendency to be 
interrupted in the middle. Cilia whitish. Hind wings grayish, cilia the 
same. 

I have very carefully compared this insect with the description and delinea- 
tion of N. angulifasciella, of Stainton, in the first volume of the Nat. 
Hist. of the Tineina, and though unwilling to believe the fact, I cannot resist 
the conclusion, that it is the same species. I have not named the species in 
accordance with this conviction, because as yet I have secured but a single 
specimen. 

The larva mines the leaf of blackberry in September. It makes a blotch 
mine on the upper surface of the leaf, beginning as a slender gallery, extend- 
ing quite a distance, usually along a vein of the leaf, before being enlarged 
into a blotch. The body of the larva tapers posteriorly, the terminal rings 
being attenuated; color pale green, with a bright dark green vascular line: 
head greenish-brown and small. The larva was not taken from the mine for 
description. It leaves the mine very early in October to spin an oval, very 
dark reddish brown cocoon, and appears as an imago during the latter part 
of May or early in June. There is, therefore, in all probability, a summer 
brood, which may be found in July and August, if the conjecture is correct. 

I have no doubt that subsequent observation will prove this insect to be the 
same as angulifasciella, and] am no little astonished to find so mi- 
nute a creature common to the continents of Europe and America. During 
the coming season I will endeavor to record minutely the history of the pre- 
paratory states of the American species. 


PHALENITES. 


DoryopEs Guenée. 


IT would notice this genus here merely to express my ideas respecting its 
classification. M. Guenée says of it, that the insects belonging to it have so 
doubtful an aspect that he is uncertain not only in what family, but in what 
division to place it. He notices its superficial resemblance to Crambus, or 
Chilo, and to the genera Senta and Meliana of his division Noctuelites, but 
says that from the form of antenne and labial palpi, the absence of ocelli, 
(herein, however, M. Guenée is in error, for they are not absent), and from 
some other characters, not designated, it cannot be mistaken for one of the 
Noctuelites. While acknowledging the very notable differences between this 
genus and those with which it is associated, he does not inform us what ruling 
considerations induced him to prefer for it a place in his division Phalenites, 
(Geometrina) and the family Ligidez. 

In my own view, this genus has few or no structural characteristics of the 
Geometrina, and its neuration just as undoubtedly places it in Guenée’s group 
Noctuelites, (Noctuina); this, too, is a position justified by its general struc- 
ture. If the subpectinated antenne of the fj‘, and the comparatively slender 
body, are considerations sufficient to overrule the position of the wings in re- 
pose, the partial folding of the hinder pair, the structure of the legs, the pre- 
sence of ocelli, and the purely noctuiform neuration, then indeed does the 
lesser amount of evidence overbalance the greater. Had M. Guenée not over- 
looked the presence of ocelli, his decision might have been different, for these 
organs are always absent in the Phalenites, aud the possession of geometriform 
antenne is not enough to neutralize their presence or to determine the place 
of the genus. 

In the hope that some of the entomological students of New England, where 
one of the species of this genus certainly is found, may be able to make out 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 215 


jts larval history, I will describe the species in my collection, and extract M. 
Guenée’s description of the other. The first species may be easily recognised 
by means of Guenée’s very good figure, and as a generic diagnosis would not 
facilitate recognition, particularly without the means of reducing it from a 
general to a special group, I will omit any generic description. 


D. acutaria.—Herr. Sch. Sup., p. 74, f. 447. Guenée Uranides and 
Phalé€nites, Suites @ Buffon, x. 233, pl. 17, f. 6. 

The appearance of the imagois somewhat crambiform. The fore wings pale 
ochreous, tinted with dark luteous (with clear grayish violet, Gn.) along sub- 
costal nervure and its marginal branches, and with a rather broad blackish 
streak beneath the median nervure, extended from the base and curving be- 
hind upwards toward the tip, bordered on the costal side by a silvery line, 
and one of the same hue behind, along the curved portion. In the disk are 
two blackish dots, one on the discal nervure and the other about the middle 
of the disk. Hind wings ochreous white. Guenée’s sp. from Ga.; mine from 
Mass. Col. of Dr. Chas. Girard. 


D. spadaria.—Gn. x. p. 234. ‘‘Very near the preceding, but larger, 
with the wings more oblong. The superior wings are more acute, and the 
terminal border perfectly straight. Their color is darker, grayer, with the 
designs finer and less distinct. The inferior are more developed and more 
oblong ; they have the internal angle and part of the side tinted with blackish 
gray. The abdomen is perceptibly longer, and the antennz also proportiona- 
bly longer and slenderer.”’ 

In his generic diagnosis, M. Guenée says of the abdomen, ‘‘ dépassant beau- 
coup les ailes inferieures,’’ whereas in my specimens of acutaria, the abdomen 
exactly equals the length of the hind wings, when the wings are folded. He 
refers, doubtless, to the expanded wings. 


PYRALIDZ. 


DesmiA Westwood. 


This is one of the few genera in M. Guenée’s family Asopide, of his division 
Pyralites, the males in which are characterized by nodosities or curvatures of 
the antenne. As Guenée, at the time of writing his volume on Deltoides and 
Pyralites, had not seen the males of this genus, and his description, in the 
general remarks on the genus, does not accurately represent their structure, 
I will describe these organs in the male, of which I have several specimens. 
In noticing the singular conformation of the male antennz, he says: ‘‘ sont 
a’abord renflées en massue, puis étranglées et munies d’un gros article ovoide, 
puis enfin gréles et cilices jusqu’ an sommet.’’ 

About the middle of the antennal stalk, is placed a transverse, nearly ver- 
tical plate, which on the external side has a triangular elevation, and adjoin- 
ing this, toward the base, is a narrow tuft of obliquely placed scales, running 
along the upper surface of the stalk. Toward the apex of the organ, immedi- 
ately following this protuberance, one-half of the stalk is excised from above 
and slightly tufted internally. There is no thickening of the stalk except at 


the protuberance, and beneath it is microscopically pubescent from the base 
to the tip. 


D. maculalis.—West. Mag. Zool., 1831, pl. 2, Guenée, vol. viii. 189. 
Blackish brown. Labial palpi blackish brown, while beneath. Fore wings 
with an irregularly oval white spot placed partly on the middle of the disk, 
the median nervure and the fold; another of the same hue and nearly round, 
on the base of the nervules behind the disk. Hind wings with a single, discal 
white spot. Abdomen with a white band at the base, a dorsal spot on the 
middle, and a short white dorsal streak at the tip. 

Mass. and Ill. Col. of Messrs. Scudder and Kennicott. 


1860.] 


216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


EvstTALEs. 


Fore wings with two subcosto-marginal nervules, given off very near the 
posterior-superior angle of the disk, the stalk of the second almost in contact 
with that of the apical branch near their origins. The apical and post-apical 
arise together at the angle of the disk, the former being furcate near the tip, 
sending a nervulet to near the costa. The disco-central is given off from the 
middle of the discal. Median four-branched, the medio-superior on an ex- 
tremely short, vertical peduncle; the posterior arising at a point somewhat 
behind the costal origin of the first marginal branch. 

In the hind wings the costal nervure is furcate at the tip of the wing; the 
oblique intercostal branch is long and exterior to the cell, and the subcostal 
simple and attenuated at the base. The median four-branched, the superior 
which continues the curved discal nervure, almost in actual contact with the 
following branch, The hind wings are broader than the fore wings, and about 
one-fourth less long. 

Head with ocelli, rather remote from the eyes ; face rounded, smooth, and 
rather narrow. Eyes large, round and prominent. Labial palpi rather thick, 
curved and ascending to about the middle of the face; second joint thickened 
beneath with scales ; the third rather smooth, elongate ovoid, and about one- 
half as long as the second. Maxillary palpi rather long, curved and ascend- 
ing, their tips nearly equal to those of the labial palpi, roughened with scales, 
distinctly three-jointed. Antenne about as long as the body, with triangular 
patches of shining scales along the stalk above; inserted above the middle of 
the eyes, with bases contiguous and microscopically pubescent beneath. 
Tongue scaled at base and when unrolled, does not extend beyond the tips 
of the labial palpi. No abdominal apron (tablier) perceptible. The posterior 
cox rather short; the length of the tibie and tarsus, of the hind pair of legs, 
equal to that of the entire body. 


E. Tedyuscongalis.—Fore wings ochreous yellow, paler along the 
costa, dusted somewhat with reddish fuscous, with a moderately broad white 
band from the costa near the tip, curving toward the base of the wing in the 
submedian interspace, where it becomes rather broader, to the middle of the 
inner margin. Behind this, near and parallel to the hind border, is a narrow 
white band, not extended to the costa nor inner margin, and bordered exte- 
riorly with a blackish-brown line. The exterior border of the wing is paler 
yellow than the general hue. Hind wings white, with an oblique fuscous 
band above the middle, tapering to the external margin; a broad one of the 
same hue near the hinder margin, having a pale ochreous-yellow spot at each 
end, and margined behind with a white streak having an external delicate black 
line. The terminal margin pale ochreous-yellow, with four black points hav- 
ing ochreous-yellow pupils, arranged along the margin from the middle of 
the wing toward the exterior angle. 

Lake Teedyuscong, Pike county, Penna., in the latter part of June or early 
in July. 

The ornamentation of this insect resembles in a remarkable degree that of 
Oligestigma j uncealis Gu.; it cannot, however, be a member of the same 
genus. 

Hyprocampa? Latreille. 

Guenée, vol. viii. 273. 

Fore wings with one subcosto-marginal from near the superior angle of the 
disk ; the apical branch, at its basal third, gives off a branch to the costa, and 
somewhat behind its apical third becomes furcate; the post-apical arises at 
the angle, and the discal nervule on the costal side of the cell. Median four- 
branched ; the superior on a very noticeable peduncle; the posterior remote 
from the penultimate, which together with the other branches are aggregated 
at their bases. 

[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 217 


In the hind wings the costal nervure has a rather long fork. The intercos- 
tal branch exterior to the cell and extremely short, and from this point poste- 
riorly the stalks of the two nervures are almost in contact. The median ner- 
vure four-branched, the superior on a moderate peduncle. 

The structural differences between this and the foregoing genus are: the 
labial palpi slenderer ; third joint very short, about one-third as long as the 
second, which is squamous beneath. Maxillary palpi slender, smooth, por- 
rected; with tips equal to the end of the second joint. Tongue scaled at the 
base, at least one-half as long as the body. The length of the middle tibize and 
tarsus equal to that of the body; the hind tibia and tarsus exceeding the 
length of the body. 


H.? formosalis.—Fore wings pale yellow, with three white patches on 
the disk, the two nearest the base small and slightly margined with fuscous, 
the one on the end of the disk margined internally by an oblique fuscous line ; 
a white patch on the nervules behind the disk, margined externally by a fus- 
cous line convex toward the base of the wing and hooked at each end, with a 
white patch at the tip and one beneath it at the inner angle, both margined 
externally by a submarginal curved fuscous line. In the middle of the sub- 
median interspace is a nearly oval white patch encircled with fuscous. Hind 
wings white, pale yellowish beyond the middle, with a fuscous line near the 
base from the inner margin, not extended to the costa ; a wavy double line of 
the same hue rather externa! to the middle, and a white spot near the tip and 
one about the middle of the hinder margin, both margined externally with a 
fuscous line. On the disk is a pale yellowish spot. 

Lake Teedyuscong. Imago, July. 


Caractysta Herrich-Schaffer. 


Fore wings with the first subcosto-marginal vein and medio-posterior oppo- 
site at their origins. The apical vein runs into the costa before the tip, and 
gives rise to a marginal branch at its basal and apical third. The post-api- 
cal runs into the produced tip of the wing and gives origin to the discal ner- 
vure. Hind wings, the costal is shortly forked near the tip. The subcostal 
arises from the costal within the disk and is not produced toward the base. 
The median is three-branched. Head without ocelli. Antenne of the j' densely 
pubescent. Tongue as long as the thorax beneath. 

The structure of the posterior wings in the species described below forms 
very nearly a parallel case toC. dilucidalis described by M. Guenée. The 
costal nervure of dilucidalis is not, however, represented bifid, and the 
branch which corresponds to the costal nervure does not arise within the cell 
and give origin to the discal, but exterior to the disk and the discal nervure 
arises behind it from the costal. They both concur in the absence of the dis- 
cal, or independent nervule, and in the median being three-branched. May 
not dilucidalis be an American species ? I cannot determine the question, 
as M. Guenée’s description is imperfect, from the fact that it was drawn from 
badly preserved specimens. ‘ 


C. fulicalis.—Fore wings white, fuscous at the costal portion of the base, 
with a broad band near the base and a narrow wavy fuscous line crossing the 
middle of the disk, sending from the median nervure a curved line to the in- 
ner margin, convex exteriorly. The space between these lines is frequently 
dusted with fuscous. From an elongated fuscous patch limited below by the 
subcostal nervure, on the middle of the costa, departs an oblique ochreous 
band, inclined to the inner angle and margined along the discal nervure on 
both sides, with fuscous; and from the posterior end of the costal patch, a 
curved line joins the external dark margin of the band enclosing an oval spot 
of the general hue. A subterminal band tapers to the inner angle, leaving on 
each side of it two converging tapering bands of the general hue. Hinder 
Margin ochreous, margined internally with fuscous. Hind wings white, with 


1860.] 14 


218 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


a broad fuscous band near the base, corresponding to that on the anterior, and 
touched with ochreous in its middle; with a median yellowish brown curved 
line, not reaching the costa, and exterior to this, the apical half of the wing 
is dusted slightly with dark brownish. Along the terminal margin, is a row 
of five black lunules, connected by intermediate metallic violet-blue spots, and on 
the extreme margin behind these latter spots, a row of orange yellow dots ; while 
the band is tinted interiorly with the same hue, limited by an interrupted 
slender dark brown line near the band. 

Pennsylvania, Easton. ; 

In ornamentation the following species is very like the foregoing. It differs 
from it structurally in the following respects: Fore wings with the first sub- 
costo-marginal and medio-posterior opposite at their origins ; the second mar- 
ginal arises at the angle of the disk ; the apical vein forked at about its middle, 
the lower branch entering the costa before the tip. In the hind wings the 
costal has a long fork; the intercostal joins the subcostal at the point of 
departure of the discal and seems to be a continuation of it, and the subcostal 
is continued to the base of the wing. Head with ocelli. Tongue as long as 
the thorax beneath. The first joint of labial palpi thickened with scales. 


C.? helopalis.—Fore wings white, dusted with pale fuscous toward the 
base, and on the fold behind ; with a narrow fuscous band crossing the base of 
the disk. Near the end of the disk is a yellowish brown line, crossing the 
wing, deeply and acutely angulated on the fold ; and near the tip are two nar- 
row oblique streaks of the same hue converging to the inner margin above the 
angle, the first of which is recurved toward the disk, encircling an obliquely 
placed oval spot of the general hue on the nervules behind the disk. Along 
the hinder margin, near the inner angle, are a few indistinct, iridescent spots ; 
the margin and cilia yellowish brown. Hind wings white, with a short nar- 
row fuscous band near the base, corresponding to that on the fore wings; a 
median line of the same hue, not attaining the exterior margin and the apical 
portion of the wing exterior to it sprinkled thickly with fuscous. Hinder 
margin with a row of black spots, having violet-blue metallic pupils and tint- 
ed with pale orange between the spots. 

Lake Teedyuscong. 

SIRONIA. 


In the fore wings two distinct subcosto-marginal nervules leave the disk, 
the first and the medio-posterior opposite; the second marginal arising at a 
point nearly intermediate between the two hinder branches of the median: 
the apical vein is forked a little beyond its middle ; the post apical and disco- 
central arise near each other on the costal side of the wing. The median is 
four-branched. In the hind wings the intercostal is short, remote from and 
exterior to the upper angle of the disk. There is nothing characteristic in the 
shape of the wings; the posterior are broader than the anterior. 

Head with ocelli. Antenne pubescent beneath. Labial palpi, when un- 
denuded, moderately thick and squamose beneath, ascending to the middle of 
the front ; third joint short and rather smooth ; denuded, tapering to the tip 
from the base, slender and cylindrical ; the basal joint long, equal to the front ; 
the second and third short and equal in length. Maxillary palpi two-jointed, 
with tips nearly equal to those of the labial, ascending and somewhat 
tufted at the end. Tongue scaled at base, exceeding the labial palpi by one 
half its length. No abdominal apron peceptible; the length of the posterior 
tarsus and the tibia equal to that of the body. 


S. maculalis.—Fore wings white, dusted with fuscous along the base 
of submedian nervure; with a fuscous spot at the base of the fold and one of 
the same hue in the middle of submedian interspace, and a broad, irregular 
band adjoining the disk behind, extended from the costa to the inner angle, 
with the exterior half nearly square, and the interior somewhat paler, curved 


[ June, 


| 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 219 


and tapering. The apex of the wing is touched with fuscous, and the ends of 
the nervules slightly dotted with the same hue. Hind wings concolorous, 
pure white. 

Lake Teedyuscong. July. 


Before concluding this paper, I desire to record my views respecting the 
unnecessary amount of labor, loss of time and uninviting study, which the 
details of M. Guenée’s mode of systemization imposes on the American stu- 
dent. MM. Boisduval and Guenée, inthe important and comprehensive works 
which engage their labors at the present time, are not writing treatises on 
local faunz, but on that of the entire world, in so far at least as lepidopterous 
insects are known; and students everywhere have a right to expect that 
the difficulties of classification will be diminished, rather than complicated, 
by their treatment of the various groups which may be included in their 
works. The author who would be cosmopolitan in his representation of this 
subject, at the present day, cannot neglect, in justice to those who may fol- 
low his footsteps through nature, to endeavor to lighten their burden of study 
and to economize their time, by leading them with all the lights of his know- 
ledge, through the complicated mazes of doubt, engendered by the numerous 
and perplexing affinities existing in beings of the animated world. The chief 
object of classification is simply to communicate our own systematic concep- 
tions to others, and to mark the graduations in the arrangement in such a 
manner, as will enable them easily and quickly to recognizeits groups. How 
has M. Guenée facilitated the recognition of genera, whilst he has greatly in- 
ereased the number of them, or lightened in any respect the systematic labor 
of the foreign student? Is it enough that he should content himself with 
carefully written diagnoses, and compel the student to examine critically 
and minutely every one in any of his family groups, before being able to 
decide whether the insect he may wish to classify belongs to any of them, or 
is not edited? A system which both reason and convenience approves, is 
that which enables the student easily to find what he seeks, and not that 
which compels him to master the genera peculiar to every other portion ot 
the globe, in order to assure himself whether a group has been established 
into which his specimens can be admitted. 

The omission of synopses of genera, when the number of them in his family 
groups calls for such tables, as it does so frequently, is a most serious, not to 
say unpardonable, defect in the six volumes published by M. Guenée. There 
is no student of American lepidopterology, compelled to study his works, who 
will not regret that he has so extensively described our fauna; and the fact 
that so much time and patience and labor are necessary to determine whether 
a generic description is given by the author, of one of our moths, of which 
everything is unknown, perhaps, except the division to which it belongs in his 
system, is an actual and real impediment to the development of the study in 
our country. In the examination and comparison of lepidopterous insects, 
M. Guenée recognizes beyond doubt, each genus under a family by some dis- 
tinctive structural trait, and why cannot all these be presented to the student 
in synopses, as well as they are apparent to his own perceptive faculties ? 
Without these conveniences of comparative study, the student is compelled 
to do the work of the author anew, and, at an immense disadvantage and loss 
of time, to search for what is distinctive, in by no means sharply, though dif- 
fusely characterized groups, which include very frequently ornamentation 
as one of their chief characteristics. In the cabinet of specimens, all this is 
almost apparent at a glance, and it is the result of this educated sense that 
seizes quickly what is distinctive in a variety of forms, that the student has a 
right to look for in synopses. 

M. Guenée expressly declares in one of his early works in the ‘‘Suites a 
Buffon,’’ that in giving the meagre synopses of tribes and families, contained in 
the series, he is merely following the custom of M. Boisduval, and that he 


1860.] 


220 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


does not consider them of any valuein a natural system. It seems strange 
that any one, especially M. Guenée, could entertain such an opinion, when a 
slight amount of study is sufficient to convince any naturalist, that there is 
no severer test to be applied to a system than the construction of synopses 
containing exclusive categories founded on structure. Groups agreeing most 
closely are brought into direct contrast, and if the most trivial and unimpor- 
tant structural peculiarities, except in the case of genera, are called into 
requisition to distinguish them, whatever may be their comprehensiveness, is 
not the fact very strongly suggestive of want of naturalness, nay, of purely 
artificial, arbitrary distinctions, produced by the desire to create differences 
where there are none actually in nature? But even admitting they are 
formed on a purely artificial basis, and that all synopses are essentially artifi- 
cial, need the fact in the character of a simple index to systematic concep- 
tions, in any manner affect the most natural arrangement of the group in the 
text? And could there be any better system than that which unites the 
convenience of the one to the truthfulness of the other? 

One of the chief objects in systematic and descriptive works certainly ought 
to be, a ready and certain recognition of groups and individuals ; and to facili- 
tate this, no care or labor bestowed on synopses intended to promote this 
object and prevent loss of time to the inquirer, can be regarded as superfluous 
or as a tax on authorship. The world is thus the gainer in economy of time, 
and science is more rapidly advanced. And surely, when one reflects how few 
there are who devote themselves to scientific study, the additional labor thus 
expended by the author carries into the future the most fruitful results. It 
is the neglect of the synoptical system that has converted, even at the present 
day, the great majority of entomologists everywhere into a class of mere col- 
lectors and picture-recognizers, and which calls for a profuseness of illustra- 
tion to be met with in no other department of Natural History. And on the 
other hand, its tendency is to institute, if indeed it has not already done so, 
an Egyptian priesthood over nature, in that body of European ‘‘ authorities’’ 
skilled in the interpretation of its hieroglyphics, and who furnish students 
with a complicated, skeleton method, all of whose details they must painfully 
acquire, before they can in the humblest degree, aspire to question systematic 
nature for themselves. How laborious, time consuming and discouraging 
this is to the American student, who has ‘‘no authority’’ to consult, save the 
ambiguous phrases of diagnoses, no classified collections to study, and by 
the comparison of forms to educate his perceptive powers in generic and family 
differences, cannot be appreciated by those who have all these aids, and who 
are the heirs to almost hereditary entomological lore and collections, handed 
down from one generation to another. 

The times, however, demand of MM. Guenée and Boisduval a system of con- 
venient study. The former, it is true, attempts to meet this demand by 
separating the portion of the order of which he treats, first, into divisions, and 
these into tribes, and these again into families; but scattered as they are 
through the body of the work, or through several volumes, this complication 
of arrangement is far from fulfilling the needs of the student. It is not 
natural, and is therefore perplexing, and has caused the author to mistake 
well marked groups within families, for families themselves, or even higher 
divisions. When the individual structure of two beings placed in different, 
sometimes widely separated families, approach so intimately that they can be 
distinguished only by resort to trivial characters, what more conclusive proof 
of artificiality, and mere brain and paper-created distinctions, can the natu- 
ralist desire ? 

The elaborate description of groups is a highly commendable trait in a sys- 
tematic work. They should be, however, merely a confirmation of the results 
attainable by the study of synopses of characters, all the categories of which 
are rigidly exclusive and markedly characteristic of the groups they desig- 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. Zo 


nate. By this means, the question of groups having been reduced to a few 
which are most closely coincident, doubts which cannot be dispelled by the 
best synopses, are either confirmed or dissipated at once. This subject I 
think eminently worthy M. Guenée’s consideration, and that of all systema- 
tists who may succeed him. I would beg him to think upon it in connection 
with his subsequent works, and at least tell students why he values less a 
solid and self-satisfying reputation, built on essential and successful impetus 
given to his favorite branch of study in all parts of the civilized world, than that 
ephemeral position of being the temporary authority for the little entomologi- 
cal world ; and ifin addition to synopses of all his groups, under the next 
most general in value, he would add’to-his works delineations of the dis- 
tinctive parts of structure in every genus, instead of colored representations of 
a few moths, his works would possess an enduring and permanent value, so 
long as entomology as a study engages the attention of the student of nature. 


Hemiptera of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition under Com’rs Rodgers 
and Ringgold. 


BY P, R. UHLER. 


The Hemipterous insects, brought home by the Expedition, furnish several 
new and remarkable species, and much praise is due the indefatigable botanist 
of this Expedition, Mr. Charles Wright, for displaying such zeal in bringing 
together so many interesting objects. The insect fauna of many of the countries 
touched at, particularly that of Japan, being almost entirely unknown, renders 
every addition of species from those localities exceedingly desirable, and it 
would be matter of deep interest to have an opportunity of examining full 
series of them. 

Considering the importance of the species procured, it is much to be regretted 
that extensive facilities were not afforded for bringing together a general col- 
lection; but, under the existence of contingent circumstances, this was not 
possible. 

The absence of any extensive collection of exotic Hemiptera in this country 
renders it impossible to decide with precision upon a few of the species here 
included; but should they hereafter be found to have been previously charac- 
terized, the proper acknowledgments will be made. As there seems to be no 
settled opinion in the minds of Entomologists respecting certain groups, par- 
ticularly with such families as Halyde, Pentatomide, Rhaphigastride, &c., and 
still further on, with Mictide, Nematopide, Acanthocoride, &c., and having met 
with a genus (Pachycephalus) which violates the characters of the families 
given, I thought it better to place the included species in two large groups 
(Pentatomoidea, Coreoidea) , corresponding with the genera Pentatoma and Coreus, 
of Fabricius. 

SCUTELLERIDA. 


Catuipra, Burm. 
C. Stollii, Wolff, [cones Cimicum, 48, tab. 5, fig 45. Hong Kong. 


Evcorysses, Amyot et Serv. 


E. superbus 9.—Deep orange; head bluish-black, lateral lobes and the 
middle one at tip sanguineous, transversely wrinkled, rostrum and antenno 
black, pubescent, eyes and ocelli brownish; thorax deep orange, obsoletely 
punctured, a lunulate, black depression just behind the head densely, coarsely 
punctured, exterior and anterior edges black, spot upon the disk, one upon 
each humerus, and a connecting band upon the basal margin also black; be- 
hind each anterior angle is an oblong, rounded, shallow impression, blackish ; 
corium black, punctured ; wings dark-fuliginous; scutellum finely punctured, 
with a band at base, an irregular one dilated and projecting medially forward, 


1860.] 


bo 


22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


upon the middle, one interrupted each side, with an anterior acute point be- 
hind the middle and a transverse, roundish spot before the apex black; venter 
violaceous, the middle with a large sanguineous spot, common to the antepe- 
nultimate avd preceding segments; caudal segment, except the anus, red, seg- 
ments 1 to 4 with a transverse, lateral carmine spot, the two posterior of which 
are obsoletely connected with the discal spot, penultimate one at sides broadly 
carmine through their marginal length, with an impression each side against 
the stigmata; pectus punctured, violaceous and black, a rounded spot upon 
the sides of the anterior and posterior segments; legs black, yellowish pubes- 
cent. 

Length 10—11 lines. Humeral breadth 5—5i. Simoda, Japan. 

One specimen differs in having the anterior band of the scutellum interrupted 
each side of the middle, so as to form three spots. 


PELTopHorA, Burm. 
P. picta, Leach, Zool. Misc. Hong Kone. 


GrapHosoma, Lap. 


G. rubro-lineatum, Hope, Cat. Hemipt., p. 12. Hakodadi and Taka- 
nosima, Japan. 


PENTATOMOIDEA. 
BracHYyPeLta, Amyot et Serv. 


B. elevata.—Black, shining, broad, ovate; head roughly punctured, finely 
emarginate, rounded, margins reflexed, lateral lobes meeting in front of the mid- 
dle one; thorax short, transverse, finely but roughly punctured, sides subparallel, 
margins trenchant, ciliate, anterior angles rather abruptly rounded, behind the 
head a deep lunulate depression, bounded posteriorly by a very much elevated 
prominence, which is rather smoother than the surrounding surface, posterior 
margin truncate ; scutellum finely, rather sparsely punctured, depressed behind 
the middle to the tip, against the basal corners more elevated and polished ; 
hemelytra finely, closely punctured, corium sinuated, ciliated at the basal mar- 
gins, membranes testaceo-hyaline; abdomen slightly dilated, convex beneath, 
margins trenchant, projecting a little beyond the breadth of the corium poste- 
riorly; venter polished; legs black, polished, femore ciliate, each with a line 
of impressed punctures upon the anterior surface, tibia very spinous, exterior, 
spiniform teeth of the anterior ones, subequal. 

Length 10—12 millim. Abdominal breadth 5—7. Cape of Good Hope. 

This species is very closely related to and possesses many of the characters of 
B. tristis, Fab.; it may be distinguished at a single glance, however, from that 
common species, by the proportionately shorter and less, laterally, oblique 


thorax, and by the abdomen being much broader than the thorax. : 


ACATALECTUS, Dallas. 


A.magnus ©.—Black, shining, punctured; head rounded, emarginate, with 
the anterior margin narrowly recurved, lateral lobes meeting by a point of their 
surface, in front of the middle one, coarsely and deeply rugose-punctate, eyes 
testaceous, ocelli reddish, antennz piceous pubescent, terminal joints paler, 
rostrum pitchy black, second joint thickened; thorax subquadrate, anterior 
angles a little oblique and rounded, behind the head a slightly elevated, irregu- 
larly crescent-formed surface, smooth and impunctate, remaining surface very 
deeply, coarsely and confluently punctured, a series of very fine punctures 
against the lateral margins, basal margin subtruncate, smooth, with a very few 
coarse punctures; scutellum polished, rugosely punctured, impunctured at the 
apex; corium subopake, very finely and closely punctured, membrane fuligin- 
ous, subopake, freckled with spots of yellow, beneath scabrescently punctured, 
venter densely so, its disk polished, impunctured, margins trenchant; legs 
deep black, polished, anterior and middle femore ciliated beneath with a row 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 923 


of long slender spines, those upon the posteriors very short, tibie densely 
spinous. 

Length 9 lines. Abdominal breadth 5. Hong Kong. 

This species must be closely allied to A. rugosus, Dallas; but in that spe- 
cies the middle lobe is represented to form the anterior margin of the head, and 
nothing is said of spots upon the membrane. 


ERTHESINA, Spin. 


E. fullo, Thunb, Nov. Ins. Sp. 42, tab. 2, fig. 57, (1783.) FE. mucoreus 
Fab. Ent. Syst. iv. 117, 147, (1794.) 


AGONOSCELIS, Spin. 
A. nubilus, Fab. Ent. Syst. iv. 112, 124. Loo-Choo Islands. 


Porcitometis, Dallas. 


P. mistus 9.—Brownish-cinereous; head rounded in front, middle lobe 
slightly longer than the lateral ones, surface densely punctured wish black, anten- 
nz yellow, punctured with black, penultimate joint black in the middle, almost 
to each end, eyes brownish-glaucous, with a posterior, narrow yellow lobe, promi- 
nent, subtruncate posteriorly, rostrum reaching to the abdomen, a longitudinal 
line, tips of the articulations and apical segment black; thorax densely punc- 
tured, a few impunctured yellow spots scattered over the surface, four of which 
are placed in a transverse row behind the head, anterior angles armed with a 
very minute denticle, lateral margins smooth, slightly sinuated, humeral angles 
prominent, triangularly rounded; scutellum confluently punctured, an im- 
punctured yellow spot against each basal corner; sinuated before the tip, tip 
rounded; hemelytra flecked with brown, densely punctured, slightly tinged 
with reddish upon the apex of the corium, membrane yellowish-hyaline, the 
nervures having interrupted brown lines npon them; beneath less closely punc. 
tured, upon the pectus several spots of dense green punctures, under surface 
of the head also punctured in green spots; disk of the venter, with a broad, 
smooth, impunctured line, surface tinged with reddish, stigmata, and obsolete 
spots upon the incisural middles of the segments black ; legs reddish-yellow, 
sparsely pubescent, punctured with black, unguiculi with black tips. 

Length to tip of wings 74 lines. Simoda, Japan, and Hong Kong, China. 


PENTATOMA, Lat. 


1. P. fimbriata, H. Schf. Wanz. Ins. v. 63, tab. 164, fig. 505. Loo- 
Choo Islands. 

2. P. cruciata, Fab, Ent. Syst. iv. 119, 153. Hong Kong, China. 

3. P. dissimilis, Fab. Ent. Syst. iv. 109,112. Hong Kong, China. 

4. P. humerigera.—Olivaceous-brown, shining, tinged with eneous ; 
head emarginate, with the central lobe slightly projecting from the emargi- 
nation, surface closely punctured, eyes prominent, scarcely as wide as the 
anterior breadth of the thorax, and closely applied against it, ocelli bronzed, 
anteune fulvous, second and third joints equal, rostrum reaching the posterior 
coxe, testaceous, having a black line above; thorax brassy punctured, humeral 
projections blackish, salient, subconic, slightly flattened, curved; anterior mar- 
gin deeply rounded out, behind the head a shallow, transverse, interrupted im- 
pression, lateral margins deeply arcuated, with an elongated-oval, impunctured, 
yellow mark, beginning at the anterior subacute angle; scutellum closely punc- 
tured with black, slightly sinuated before the tip, which is bluntly rounded; 
hemelytra closely punctured, nervures well defined, membrane brownish-ful- 
vous; wings testaceous; tergum black, impunctate, with the lateral margins 
olivaceous, punctured; beneath polished, olivaceo-testaceous, finely punctured, 
more deeply and closely so upon the pectus and beneath the humeral projec- 
tions, a common black spot upon the fourth and fifth segments, and a minute 
black point against the lateral margin upon the incisures of the segments, stig- 
mata black; legs yellowish-testaceous, pointed with black. 


1860.] 


224 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Length 33 lines. Humeral breadth 3. Takanosima, Japan. 
This species bears some resemblance in form to P. scabricorne, H.Schf.; 
but differs in the form of the humeral angles. 


Srracaia, Hahn. 


S. ornata, Linn. Fauna Suecica, 251, 937. Loo-Choo Islands. 

A remarkably small variety of this species was obtained at Petropaulovsk, 
Kamtschatka; it differs from the type in marking, chiefly, in wanting the me- 
dial lateral black spot; the specimens are males, being six millims. in length. 


Eysarcoris, Spin. 


E. perlatus, Fab. Ent. Syst. iv. 125,177. Simoda and Loo-Choo. 
One specimen has the spots of the base of the scutellum very minute, and in 
another they are entirely wanting. 


Nezara, Amyot et Serv. 
N. torquata, Tab. Ent. Syst. iv. 108, 107. Loo-Choo. 


RHAPHIGASTER, Lap. 


R. disjectus.—Grayish-eneous, shining; head bluntly rounded, middle 
lobe about as long as the lateral ones; surface confluently punctured, tinged 
with purplish green anteriorly, eyes brownish, ocelli reddish, antenne piceous 
pubescent, base of the apical joint yellow, rostrum yellowish, a line above and 
tip piceous; thorax brassy-greenish, tinged with purplish, confluently punc- 
tured, lateral margins regularly oblique, smooth, yellow, humeral angles 
slightly rounded, a little prominent, margin against the head yellowish; scu- 
tellum same color as the thorax, confluently punctured, a little sinuated before 
the tip, tip and a geminate spot each side at base yellow; corium grayish-yel- 
low, punctured with black, punctures very dense upon the clavus and lateral 
margins; membrane and wings vellowish-testaceous ; tergum black with a vio- 
let reflection, segments each with a yellow spot upon the lateral margin; be- 
neath grayish-yellow, coarsely pointed with black, points absent from the disk, 
which is smooth, yellow, points becoming confluent in spots posteriorly and 
upon the external edges of the segmental incisures; sternum black, finely cari- 
nate in the middle; ventral spine reaching to the medio-coxe, yellow; legs 
yellowish, pointed with black, a black band upon the knees, and another at the 
tips of the tibie, tarsi blackish, middle joint paler. 

Length 5 lines. Humeral breadth 2, lines. Hong-Kong. 


ACANTHOSOMA, Curtis. 
A. haematogaster, Burm. Handb. ii. 360, 4. Hong-Kong. 


TrssERATOMA, Lep. et Serv. 
T. chinensis, Thunb. Nov. Ins. Spec. 45, tab. 2, f.59. Hong-Kong. 


Dicue ors, H. Schf. 


D. a ffinis.—EHlongated-oval, testaceous-yellow, punctured with black, 
head elongated-triangular, deeply cleft in the middle, points applied, hardly 
divaricating at the tip, middle lobe about half the length of the external ones, 
punctured, antennz reddish, incisures and apical half of the tip joint black, 
rostrum yellowish, with the extreme tip black; thorax transverse, gradually 
elevated to the middle, upon which a slightly elevated, arcuated transverse 
carina, continued to the subacute humeral angles, exists, surface finely wrinkled 
and punctured, lateral margins lightly arcuated, minutely denticulated ; scutel- 
lum transversely wrinkled, punctured, and having five longitudinal rows of 
obsolete granulations; before the tip sinuated, much narrowed ; hemelytra very 
finely punctured with black, membrane testaceous ; wings milk-white; venter 
finely punctured with black, extreme lateral margin a line just outside of the 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 225 


stigmata each side, one each side between the stigmata and the disk, and one 
upon the disk, almost impunctured ; legs yellow, finely pubescent, and pointed 
with black. 

Length 7 lines. Humeral breadth 34 lines. Simoda, Japan. 


COREOIDEA. 


Discogaster, Amyot et Serv. 


D. fuliginosus.—Dark brown, without lustre; head square, rugous, 
pubescent; antenniferous tubercles robust, blunt; rostrum thick, reaching be- 
tween the anterior coxx, tapering towards the extremity; antenne densely 
pubescent, basal joint thickest, constricted at its origin, slightly curved, second 
a little longer than the third, fourth almost equal to the first, all the joints 
cylindrical, with the tip of the apical one acute; eyes globular, salient, stem- 
mata about as far from each other as from the eyes; thorax subcrescentiform, 
triangular in front to the base of the head, humeral angles produced into flat, 
plate-like appendages, angular at the tips, posterior margin obtusely rounded, 
surface densely covered with short pubescence, coarsely transversely wrinkled, 
before the posterior margin a transverse, slightly elevated line, which does not 
reach either margin, edges of the crescent irregularly serrate, antero-lateral 
margins deaticulate; scutellum smooth at base, coarsely wrinkled behind the 
base to the tip; hemelytra a little paler than the other surface, finely clothed 
with yellowish pubescence, nervures well defined, membrane subopake ; tergum 
smooth in the middle, pubescent at the sides; beneath sparsely clothed with 
golden pubescence, stigmata of the postpectus, bright yellow; legs covered 
with yellowish pubescence, tip of each femur beneath armed with a stont 
tooth, between which and the tip are a few smaller ones, posterior femora 
thickest, slightly curved, all the femorz subcylindrical. 

Length 23 millim. Humeral breadth 9 millim. 9? 

This insect, owing to the length of the last joint of the antenne and the 
absence of the sternal groove, does not completely agree with the genus as 
characterized by Amyot; but its general affinities seem to cause it to recur to 
this genus, where we have accordingly placed it. 


Camprtopus, Amyot et Serv. 


C. annulatus.—Fuscous, minutely pubescent; head finely shagrined, 
blackish against the eyes and behind the stemmata, stemmata and eyes red- 
dish-brown, antenne yellowish, apical two-thirds of the last joint and tips of 
the others blackish; rostrum with the sides beyond the middle to the tip ful- 
vous; thorax subcampanuliform, posterior angles armed with an acute spine, a 
minute denticle behind the spine, posterior margin irregularly crenated ; sur- 
face pubescent, sprinkled with small, black, elevated points; tip of the scutel- 
lum yellowish; hemelytra pubescent, nervures very distinct, surface punctured, 
membrane immaculate, shining; tergum blackish, with a large, rounded, white 
spot behind the middle, against each incisure a white spot, exteriorly; venter 
yellowish, sprinkled with irregular dusky marks, a large black discal spot and 
an interrupted black line upon the middle of the three posterior segments ; 
legs pubescent, spotted and marbled with fuscous and yellow, posterior femore 
particularly dark, armed with five teeti, between the two posterior teeth a few 
smaller ones, posterior tibize slender, curved, yellowish upon the middle, 
slender, acute spine at tip. 

Length 7 lines. ©. Simoda, Japan. 


PacuycrepHAtus, Uhler. 
Body robust, elongate-oval; head filled up between the antenniferous tuber- 
cles, base of rostrum projecting bluntly; antennz cylindrical, basal joint thick- 


ened, slightly curved, about equal in length to the third, second longest, 
apical one shortest, fusiform; eyes globular, situated upon a robust promi- 


1860.] 


226 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


nence; stemmata placed on the line of the eyes, a little nearer them than each 
other ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe, first joint thickest, about equal in 
length to the second, third and fourth subequal, slender; thorax trapezoid; 
hemelytra about one-third shorter than the abdomen, a little shorter in the 
female, membrane with the nervures very irregularly ramose; abdomen thick, 
margins not recurved, superior caudal segment longest in the male; legs un- 
armed ; posterior thighs not thickened, slightly curved. 


P. opacus.—Dark brown, without lustre, punctured, pubescent; head 
with the space between the antenniferous tubercle filled up, antennz pubes- 
cent, brown, with the apical two-thirds of the tip joint yellow, upper surface 
of the head covered with yellowish pubescence; thorax roughly punctured, a 
tranverse, slightly elevated lobe near each anterior angle, posterior margin 
with a fine, transverse, impressed line, anterior angles acute, posterior ones 
rounded, lateral margins sinuated, edge slightly recurved, posterior margin 
truncate; scutellum and corium of the hemelytra punctured and uniform with 
the thorax; membrane pale brown, nervules very irregular, tip reaching the 
end of the fifth segment; tergum and beneath uniformly roughly punctured, 
pubescent, incisures of the tergum yellowish at the lateral margins; legs dark 
brown, pubescent, tarsi honey-yellow. 

Length 10 millim. Humeral breadth 2} millim. GQ. Takanosima, 
Japan. 

This genus presents an entire anomaly amongst the Coreoid Hemiptera with 
simple legs; it seems to have most affinity with the Gonoceride, but it differs 
from them in the length of the hemelytra and the irregularity of its nervules ; 
its position in the series, as the system now stands, is very difficult to define. 


Gonocervs, H. Schf. 


1. G. bipunctatus, H. Schf. Wanz. Ins., vi., 9, tab. 183, fig. 566. 
Takanosima and Loo-Choo. 

2. G. punctipennis.—Body ovate, tawny-yellow; head punctured 
with black, space almost filled up between the antenniferous tubercles ; tuber- 
cles but slightly prominent, middle’ of the head sulcate; antenne reddish, 
pubescent, tips of the first three joints blackish, middle of the apical joint 
dusky, second joint longest, third a little shorter than the basal one, apical 
joint about half the length of the second, subfusiform, thickest; two basal 
joints of the rostrum about equal, apical ones subequal, apex minutely black ; 
a slender black line behind the eyes to the base of the head, eyes brownish, 
globular, stemmata reddish; thorax trapezoid, gradually narrowed anteriorly 
to the breadth of the head, sides a little arcuated, margins recurved, paler 
than the surface, humeral angles bluntly triangular, hardly acute; surface 
closely punctured with black, behind the head slightly depressed, before the 
posterior margin a fine, transverse, elevated line interrupted at each end; scu- 
tellum and hemelytra minutely and densely punctured, the latter with pale, 
smooth, elevated costal margins, and upon the disk a small round black dot, 
membrane pale, semitransparent, nervures longitudinal, numerous, wings 
same color as membrane, nervures black; abdominal margins lightly re- 
curved, tergum with two small black spots before the tip, and a number of 
irregular blackish marks near the sides; venter and beneath pale-yellowish, 
covered with minute, scattered punctures, a double irregalar row of black 
points each side of the venter, within the stigmatal orifices, a few others against 
the sutures of the discoidal segments, and a single one upon the side of the 
medio and postpectus ; legs minutely pointed with black, finely pubescent. 

Length 14 millim. Abdominal breadth 2 7 millim. Simoda, Japan. 

The female has the antepenultimate segment posteriorly deeply emarginate ; 
at the base of this segment is also an elevated biemarginate process, at which 
the vulvar opening commences. 


[June 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 227 


HOM@OCERID#. 


Anacantavs, Uhler. 


Body elongated, sides parallel; head square, lightly emarginated between 
the antennw, and furnished with a feeble carina; behind the emargination, 
longitudinally impressed ; eyes globular; stemmata situated on the posterior 
line of the eyes, a little nearer them than each other, a slight transverse im- 
pression before each; rostrum reaching half way between the anterior pairs of 
legs, first and second joints nearly equal in length, second thickened, next and 
the apical one cylindrical, subequal; antennz cylindrical, slender, as long as 
the body, basal joint a little more robust than the others, slightly arcuated, 
second longest, third and apical ones subequal, the latter cylindrical, acute ; 
thorax trapezoid, humeral angles not armed; membrane with the nervures 
numerous, chiefly longitudinal, tip not extending beyond tke abdomen; legs 
simple, posterior femore not thickened, two pairs of hind-femore arcuated ; 
abdomen not dilated, sides parallel.” 


A. concoloratus.—Cinnamon-yellow, legs and antenne deeper, beneath 
paler, above uniformly, finely punctured, last joint of the antennz dusky, with 
a minute black tip; eyes brownish; stemmata reddish; humeral angles simply 
angulated, an irregular, transverse elevated line before the hind-margin ; mem- 
brane pale-yellowish, with a brassy tint, a thick nervule running nearly half the 
length of its posterior margin black; wings whitish, slightly tinged with 
brassy lustre; origin and basal half of the costal nervure red, remaining part 
yellow, some of the discal nervures margined with red, the rest brownish or 
yellow; beneath pale, polished, pectus finely punctured, unguiculi blackish. 

Length 16 millim. Humeral breadth 4} millim. ¢. Hong-Kong, China. 


LYGAIDA. 


Ly@axus, Fab. 


1. L. equestris, Linn. Fauna Suecica, 946. Hakodadi, Japan. 

2. L. mundus, Dallas, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hemip. 542, 32. Cape Good Hope. 
3. L. ornatus.—Head sanguineous-red, base, under side and slender 
longitudinal line black, rostrum also black, in the midst of the basal black 
spot is a minute whitish dot; eyes brownish, stemmata yellowish; antenne 
———; thorax red, margins not elevated, a black, each side interrupted, line 
behind the head, two triangular spots behind near the posterior angles, and 
two round dots of a deeper black, almost connecting the anterior band with 
the posterior spots; scutellum black, with a red tip and posterior margin ; 
corium red, whitish against the membrane, a black oval spot running from 
near the internal angle to the humeral one, where it is reduced almost to 
a point, another subtriangular one behind the former against the external 
margin ; membrane black, exterior margin and point at the basal angle white ; 
disk of the venter blackish, margins red, stigmata black; each pectoral seg- 
ment with a large black spot, pulverulent with whitish; a series of four round 
blacker points each side of the pectus; legs piceous, powdered with whitish. 

Length 93 millim. 9. Hong-Kong, China. 


PACHYMERID&. * 


Pacuymervs, H. Schf. 


P. albo-marginatus.—EHlongated, black; head black, pubescent, im- 
punctured; rostrum piceous, paler in the middle; thorax trapezoidal, lateral 
margins broadly elevated, pale testaceous; basal breadth less than the length, 
surface densely punctured upon the basal half, behind the head and against 
the lateral margins, middle transverse, impressed line distinct, a slightly ele- 
vated, longitudinal line reaching from it to the base, humeral angles obtusely 
rounded; scutellum black, sparsely punctured, tip and a slightly elevated line 

against it testaceous; hemelytra coarsely punctured, testaceous, a large black 


1360.] 


228 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


spot, covering the clavus, reaching to the subcostal nervure and extending two- 
thirds of its length, when it becomes blacker, and ramifies broadly against the 
lateral margin, a much narrower branch also continues against the posterior mar- 
gin; membrane fuliginous, some of the nervures tinged with testaceous, towards 
the base; wings pale fuliginous, nervures darker; tergum with two pale spots 
upon the lateral margin; femore black, their basal third and trochanters tes- 
taceous, tibiz light-piceous, black at tip, tarsi dusky at tip. 

Length 11 millim. 92. Takanosima, Japan. 

Nothing is said of the antenne, as they are unfortunately broken off from 
the only specimen obtained. 

A specimen, which I take to be a variety of this species, was captured at the 
Cape of Good Hope. 

It differs from the type in having the posterior thoracic lobe marmorated 
with testaceous, the hemelytral spot is not so black, spreading more irregularly 
over the surface, the testaceous color is faintly spread over the margins of the 
tergum, the femore are testaceous for two-thirds of their basal length, the 
tibia and tarsi are almost entirely testaceous, and the rostrum is tinged with 
Pieeous, more or less deep, throughout its entire length. Its length is 105 mil- 

im. 

It corresponds with what is considered as a not full colored state of many 
insects of this and other families of Hemiptera, wherein the insect has not 
lived long enough to attain its complete depth of coloring, or where certain 
physical contingencies have retarded its attainment to full perfection of color. 


ApHANus, Dallas. 


A. boniniensis.—Pitchy-black, finely pubescent ; head black, antenne 
testaceous, tips of joints black, rostrum testaceous, piceous in front and at the 
tip, eyes dark brown, stemmata yellowish; thorax subcampanuliform, pubes- 
cent, anterior lobe rounded at sides, dark brownish, posterior lobe reddish, 
with a testaceous line upon the humerus bounded by a black line; corium 
yellowish-testaceous, margins paler, a spot at the apex, another a little in ad- 
vance of it, punctulation and a few minute spots black; membrane fuliginous, 
nervules white; wings white; beneath black, margins of the abdomen and 
antepectus pale piceous; legs testaceous, a band upon the anterior femora, 
one upon the middle and posterior femora, and tips of tibie blackish. 

Length 5 millim. ©. Bonin Islands. 


OrtHa@a, Dallas. 


Elongated, black, opake; head clothed with long hairs, first joint of the 
antenne with a pale base, remaining joints ; rostrum reaching to the 
posterior coxe, slender, curved, its color piceous, paler towards the tip, with a 
black longitudinal line; eyes brownish, darker upon the middle, stemmata 
amber-yellow; thorax clothed with long hairs, deep black, opaque, posterior 
lobe strongly punctured, a pale piceous spot upon the broad, transverse im- 
pression, including a slightly elevated, short, longitudinal line; anterior lobe 
strongly convex; scutellum black, coarsely but sparsely punctured ; hemelytra 
testaceous, clavus, excepting the exterior nervure, vestiges upon the corium, 
large transverse spot, extending from the apex of the scutellum to the lateral 
margin and posterior margin, gradually dilating to the tip, black; membrane 
fuliginous, a number of small spots near the tip, nervules measurably, and 
small round spot near the apex of the corium, testaceous; disk of the tergum 
rufescent, lateral margin and two posterior segments blackish, fourth segment 
with a large, marginal, yellow spot each side; beneath dull black, antepectus 
punctured, postpectus yellow at its superior angles, minutely corrugated, 
mediopectus punctured and wrinkled; venter without lustre, a large yellowish 
spot upon the margin of the fourth segment, and a smaller one upon the fifth ; 
trochanters and cox# testaceous, anterior femora black, testaceous at base, 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 229 


armed with a number of minute teeth, tibie all pale piceous, middle femora 
piceous, paler toward the base. 
Length 12 millim. @Q@. Hong-Kong, China. 


Pexiosoma, Uhler. 


Body elongated; head long, triangular, each side, between the antennz, with 
a small, curved lamelle, concave on the exterior side, interrupted at the origin 
of the rostrum, and not extending back much beyond the antenne; rostrum 
reaching but little behind the anterior cox, basal and second joints subequal 
in length, third and fourth also subequal ; antenne ,j' as long as the body, 2 
not quite two-thirds of that length, basal joint longest, clavate at tip, second 
somewhat longer than the third, fourth shortest, subfusiform ; thorax elongated 
subtrapezoidal, base elevated, lateral margins obtusely and feebly carinated ; 
hemelytra as long as the abdomen, membrane with five longitudinal nervules; 
legs normal, anterior tibie curved. 


P. antennata.—Tawney, lustrous, punctured with black ; head and thorax 
densely punctured, the latter with a longitudinal, raised, polished, yellow line, 
but little punctured, lateral obsolete, carina yellow, posterior angles tubercu- 
lar; anterior lobe convex, a broad transverse depression behind it ; antenne 
honey-yellow, paler upon the third joint, apices of the first and second joints 
dusky, last joint entirely so; eyes and ocelli brown; rostrum fulvous, dusky 
behind the middle to the tip ; scutellum with a yellow line at tip and a yellow, 
short, tubercle-like line each side of base; corium dusky near the internal 
angle, apex with a small blackish dot, membrane honey-yellow, with white 
nervules ; field of the tergum black, sides yellow, with black dots at the incisu- 
ral margins ; beneath varied with piceous and testaceous, pectus more uniformly 
pitchy, densely punctured, margins of the venter tawney yellow; legs honey- 
yellow, pointed with black ; tips of tibie and tarsal joints blackish. 

Lengtb 8 millim. Simoda, Japan. 


OprTHALMicus, Schill. 


O. varius.—Black ; head and legs orange-yellow ; antennz piceous, basal 
joint and apex of the third, yellowish; eyes light-brown, rostrum honey-yellow’ 
thorax square, broader than long, surface polished, black, coarsely panctured> 
posterior angles with a subquadrate, small, yellow spot; scutellum black 
punctured ; corium and membrane honey-yellow, the former punctured with 
black, most thickly so upon the exterior and interior margins; tergum and 
beneath polished black ; pectus punctured. 

Length 5 millim ¢’. Simoda, Japan. 

It belongs to Fieber’s second subdivision (a* *) and seems to approach 
his O. siculus, more nearly than any other species. 


PYRRHOCORIDA. 


Pyrruocoris, Fallen. 


P. Forsteri, Fab. Ent. Syst. iv. 164. H. Schf. W. I. viii. tab. 283, f. 
372. Cape Good Hope. 


DysDERCUS, Serv. 


D. carnifex, Fab. Ent. Syst. iv. 160. H.Schf. W. I. ii. tab. 66, f. 199. 


Cape Good Hope. 
D. Schlanbuschii, Fab. Ent. Syst. iv. 155. Donovan, Ins. China, 


tab. 20, f. 2. Hong Kong. 
Leptocoris, Hahn. 


L. haematideus, Hahn., W. I. tab.i, fig. 3, vol. i. Hong Kong, China, 
1360.J 


230 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


LARGIDA. 


Lareus, Hahn. 
L. cinctus, H. Schf. W. I. vii. tab. 218, f. 683. California. 


ECTRYCHODID. 


PHYSORHYNCHUS, Serv. 
P. crux, Thunb. Dissert. Acad. 156. Hahn. W.I. i.tab.5, f. 20. Cape 
Good Hope. 


HARPACTORIDA. 


ARILUS, Burm. 
A. bifidus, Fab. Ent. Syst. 4, 204. Donovan, Ins. China, pl. 21, f. 5. 
Hong Kong. 
Harpactor, Lap. 


H. nodipes-—Black, polished ; head black, pubescent, bilobed, grooved 
between the ocelli; ocelli whitish; eyes large, black; antennz black, apical 
joints piceous, pubescent, basal joint with two whitish rings upon the middle; 
rostrum robust, black; thorax pubescent, longitudinal impressed line, inter- 
rupted upon the middle of the posterior lobe, prothorax each side of the head 
produced into a subacute tubercle ; scutellum without spinous processes ; 
corium pitchy-black, membrane fuliginous, nervures darker; tergum blackish, 
lateral margins much dilated, crenulated, the incisures and a large postero- 
lateral spot upon the two last segments, whitish; beneath, black polished, 
venter sprinkled with numerous round, yellow points, the two posterior seg- 
ments tinged with pale piceous; the spots of the upper marginal surface obvious 
beneath; legs black, three knot-like pilose prominences upon, and near the 
tips of the femora, two yellow bands upon the femora, and one upon the 
tibia ; nodule much less obvious in the © than in the 9; yellow femoral 
bands, also more numerous in the male. 

Length 12 millim. Simoda, Japan. 


STENOPODID 2. 


CANTHESANCUS. 


C.trimaculatus, Amyot et Serv. Hemipt. 389, pl. 7, fig. 20. Hong 
Kong. 


GERRIDA. 


Haopares, Esch. 


H. sericeus, Esch. Entomograp., 164, 79, tab. 2,f. 4. Atlantic Ocean 
near the Equator. 


PrinomERA, Amyot et Serv. 


P. tigrina. —j Fulvous, polished, beneath silvery sericeous ; rostrum 
with the apical joint and tip of the preceding one black, nasus and spot at 
the origin of the antenna black, head impressed at the origin of the rostrum, 
eyes brownish-black; prothorax subquadrate, largely impressed posteriorly, 
sides of the thorax with a silvery undulating line bounded each side by a 
black line, and extending from the base of the prothorax to the origin of the 
posterior legs, sutures black, behind the head three minute spots, behind the 
prothorax, included in a rounded impression, two larger ones and upon the 
posterior transverse suture, silvery sericeous; metathorax impressed each side 
against the anterior transverse suture, and having a slender impressed middle 
line ; abdomen much narrower than the thorax, about equal to it in length, 
sutures black, particularly at the sides of the segments, sides of the segments 
slightly sericeous, anal and caudal appendages filiform, acute; two lamellar 


{ June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. il 


anal processes, emarginate above, each projecting into a subtruncate point 
inferiorly ; legs long, slender, fulvous, posterior pair longest, anterior pair 
with two slender black lines superiorly; a black spot each side upon the 
pectus, before the anterior and middle legs ; anterior tibia and tarsi pubescent, 
middle tibia armed with long cilia, posterior tibia 

Length to tip of abdomen 15 millim., prothorax 2, mesothorax 4 millim. 
Hong Kong, China. 


Gerris, Fab. 


G. rufo-scutellatus, Latr. H. Schf. W. I. ix. 69. tab. ccc. fig. 924. 
Simoda. 


PEDIRAPTI. 
Dirtonycuus, Lap. 
D.rusticus, Fab.; Donovan, Ins. China, p. 46, pl. 19, fig. 1. Loo Choo. 
Nepa, Fab. 
N. rubra, Linn.; Donovan, Ins. China, p. 47, pl. 19, fig. 2. Hong Kong. 


NOTONECTID. 
BotHRoNotvs, Fieb. 


B. biimpressus.—Robust, shining, dusky-yellowish testaceous; head 
narrower than the thorax, with a punctured impression each side upon the 
front, from both of which a punctured, impressed line extends to a shallower 
impression, each side, near the base, apical joint of the rostrum piceous; 
thorax transversely wrinkled, transparent, a transverse brownish band upon 
the anterior submargin; each side, behind the fossa, depressed; scutellum 
black; corium with a pitchy stripe upon the interior suture, a spot at base and 
against the apex, exterior submargin and membrane dusky ; basal areole and 
veins of the latter piceous; embolium and connected edge yellow; wings fuli- 
ginous, veins darker; tergum piceous, posterior margins of the segments 
paler, lateral margins and caudal extremity yellowish, the last clothed with 
long golden hairs; venter pale piceous, middle carina and margins yellowish ; 
legs testaceous, clothed with golden hairs. 

Length 11 millim, breadth of thorax 5 millim. Hong Kong. 

Var. a. Pale, luteo testaceous, ventral disk and basal areole of the mem- 
brane dusky. 


Notes on Sheils. 
BY T. A. CONRAD. 


In ‘‘ Tertiary Fossil Shells of the United States,’ I characterized a genus of 
Carditide, published in 1838, under the name of Carpirammra, which has 
generally been referred to the genus Myrizrcarpia of Blainville. The two 
genera differ so much in external form, that they can easily be recognized 
without reference to the hinge. The former has the general form of an elonga- 
ted Arca, Lam., whilst the latter has an outline somewhut like that of Modiola. 
The genus Carpiramera, Dr. Gray has since named Lazarta, the reason for the 
change of name being unknown to me. 

In this country the genus Carpiramera, originated in the Miocene period, 
which contains three known species, and there is one living, which inhabits the 
coast of Florida. One is said to inhabit Madagascar, and all the others are 
American. It does not appear that any species of MyrinicarpiA, is American, 
either recent or fossil. The type of Carpiramera is Cardita pectunculus, Brug. 


1860.] 


232 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Synopsis of the Genus Rangia. 
RANGIA, Desmoulins, (1832, Hermannsen). 
Ciaturopon, Gray, MSS. Conrad, 1831. 
GnatHopon, Gray, 1837. 


1. Rangia cyrenoides, Desmoulins. (1831, Bronn.) 
G. cuneatus, Gray. 


2. R. flexuosa, Conrad, (Gnathodon,) 1840. 
G. rostratum, Petit de la Saussaye, 1853. 


3. R. parvum, ib. (Gnathodon.) 


4. R. mendica, Gould, (Gnathodon,) 1851. 
G. trigonum, Petit de la Sauss., 1853. 


Fossil Species. 
1. Rangia clathrodonta, Conrad, (Mactra.) 
Gnathodon, Grayi, ib. 
2. R. Lecontei, Conrad, (Gnathodon.) 
3. R. minor, Conrad, (ib.) 
PLEIODON, Conrad. 


The discovery of a new species of this African genus in Lake Tanganyika 
suggests the probability that Pleiodon will prove the predominant ‘form of 
Unionide in tropical Africa, and we may anticipate the discovery of many 
species by future explorers. It occupies in geographical distribution as impur- 
tanta position as Castauia and TriqUuETRA do in tropical South America. I 
presume from the peculiar and distinct character of the hinge of PLEIopoN 
that the animal will be found somewhat different in organization from those of 
other genera of Unionide. It will be interesting to learn whether this form is 
accompanied or not by species of the nearest allied genus Murezta, at present 
known only to exist in the Nile. 


PARAMYA, Conrad. 


I propose the above name as a substitute for Myauina, Conrad, figured and 
described in “Foss. of Medial Tert. of the U.S.” p. 65, pl. 36, fig. 4. A very 
different genus was designated Myatuina, by De Koninck, and has priority. 


Geographical distribution of the Genus Lemopsis Sassi. 


Recent species. Red Sea, 1. Cape of Good Hope. 1,120 fathoms. Singapore, 
1. Norway, l. 

Fossil species. Eocene of Claiborne, Alab. 7. Texas, 1. English crag. 2. 

D’Orbigny, in his Prodromus, names 7 Jurassic species, 3 Cretaceous sp., 17 
Miocene, and 1 Subappenine sp. of European formations. In’North America I 
believe no species has been found older than those of the Eocene, and no 


recent one. 
ADEORBIS, Wood. 


This genus occurring recent in England, California and the West Indies, and 
fossil in the English Miocene, is represented in the Miocene of the United 
States by 1 species. 

A. lyra, (Delphinula lyra, Con.,) see Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. 3, 
p. 20. 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 233 


Descriptions of three new species of Gorgonide, in the collection of the 
Academy. 


BY GEO. H. HORN. 


LOPHOGORGIA. 


L. clavata.—Polypary bipinnate. Trunk and branches very much flat- 
tened. Branchlets thick, and but slightly compressed, clavate at their ex- 
tremities. Calices numerous and projecting. Coenenchyme thick. Color 
reddish-pink. 

This species differs from the L. flammea, inits more numerous and pro- 
jecting calices. The branchlets of the latter are much flattened and acumi- 
nate, and have an intense red color. 

Locality unknown. 


L. aurantiaca.—Polypary very much subdivided. Trunk but slightly 
flattened. Branchlets numerous and rounded, arising in pairs from opposite 
sides of the branches. Calices numerous and slightly elevated. Coenenchyme 
thin. Color orange, striped with red. 

This species is much more subdivided than either of the others, and has its 
trunk and branches much less flattened. The color of the trunk, deprived of 
the cortex, is red. 

Locality unknown. 


RHIPIDIGORGIA. 


R. Engelmanni.—Flabellate, coarsely reticulate. Branches much flat- 
tened, from one to two and a half lines wide. Interspaces rounded, occasion- 
ally elongated to the extent of one inch. Color ochreous externally, purple 
or reddish within. 

The fronds of this species are higher than wide, (height 9 inches, width 6 
inches,) bearing no free branchlets. Calices large and crowded, quadrangular 
in outline, with no elevation of their edges. Coenenchyme thick, easily 
crushed. 

Locality. Mazatlan. Dr. Engelmann. 


The Cutting Ant of Texas. 
BY ':S. B. BUCKLEY. 


Myrmica (Arta) Texana—“ Cutting Ant.” 
Description. 


Neuter. Color reddish-brown; head disproportionately large, mandibles large, 
triangular falcate, serrate, bent downwards in adult, two small, short spines at 
the back of each lobe of the head ; sinus between lobes large; antennz two, 
two-jointed, last joint clavate; thorax small, compressed, upper surface armed 
with six spines, front pair inclining forwards, middle pair erect, smallest, and 
near front pair, back pair inclining backwards; connecticum nodose, two- 
jointed ; abdomen about half as large as head, oblong, ovate, obtuse ; legs two- 
clawed, a claw or spine near the base of the tibia of the two frontlegs. Adult 
4} lines long. 

Female. Color reddish-brown ; head disproportionately small; sinus small be- 
tween its lobes, rudiments of spines at back of each lobe; antenne and mandibles 
asin neuter; thorax large, upper front protruding over the head, compressed, 
upper surface covered with thick downy hairs; abdomen larger than thorax, 


1860.] 15 


234 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


ovate, obtuse. Length without wings, 83 lines. Largest wings 1 inch 1 line 
in length. Entire length, 1 inch 4 lines. 

Male. Resembles female, but is a little smaller, with its head and abdomen 
more acute. 

These ants have homes in the ground. A few of their underground dwellings 
have lately been brought to view, by digging, in order to kill the ants, because 
they destroy what belongs to the farmer and horticulturist. The extent of 
these ant galleries and cells, is so great as almost to exceed belief; but several 
of the excavations made to slay ants are within the incorporated limits of the 
city of Austin, and have been seen by hundreds of its citizens. The under- 
ground rooms of these cutting ants are rounded or oblong cavities, all con- 
nected by cylindrical passages, of a diameter varying from one to three or even 
more inches. Some cells are six inches wide, by nearly as many in height, and 
others twelve inches high, with a shorter diameter of some six to eighteen inches 
and the longer diameter three feet, and sometimes evenmore. These chambers 
are often one above the other, and again side by side ; but on the whole, they 
do not seem to be placed with any apparent order, being scattered under- 
ground at various distances apart, from two inches to as many feet. In a 
clay soil they appear to be coated or varnished with a very thin, dirty brown, 
waxlike secretion. In sandy ground, to keep the walls firm, they are plastered 
with a black limestone earth, abounding in portions of the prairies and river 
bottoms. This often has to be carried a distance of many rods; and then the 
amount of their labor and its results are truly wonderful, showing their know- 
ledge to be equal to that of any race of ants known. Their lowest chambers 
are generally ten and twelve feet deep, while the upper cells are rarely nearer 
the surface than eighteen inches, I extended a tape line down to the bottom of 
one, and found it seventeen feet deep; at one of their largest dens, a room was 
found sixteen feet beneath the surface, and several others were at near the 
same depth. At that place, the ground is dug out from twelve to sixteen feet 
deep, extending over an area having an average diameter of twenty-five feet, 
all of which was filled with ant cells. Several large avenues (4—5 in. diam.) 
entered the bottom of this large den. On striking an avenue, some ants were 
seen to enter it followed by others, loaded with barley, all coming from that 
underground passage. Where they got the barley was the question, which 
was finally solved by going to a stable more than three hundred feet distant; 
trom which ants were seen to descend, each with his barley grain, and enter a 
hole in the ground near the base of the stable, which was the only place in the 
vicinity where there was any barley. Another avenue on the other side, is 
said to come out at the bank of a stream, between two and three hundred feet 
distant, where are some elm trees, from which the ants obtained bits of leaves, 
and carried them through said avenue into the base of the den. That they 
have extensive underground passages, there is not the least doubt. A gentle- 
man recently told me of an instance where they dug under or tunneled a 
stream to get into a garden. There was a large ant den across the stream, and 
for along time the garden was safe from their depredations, but finally the 
cutting ants were seen there, carrying bits of leaves into a small hole in the 
ground. There was no ant den in the vicinity, except the one across the creek, 
and as there were no dirt heaps on the surface of the ground in the garden, as 
there always are above an ant den, the inference was, that those cutting ants 
seen in the garden belonged to the tribe across the river; if so, it is probable 
_ that some of their wise ones, when on the trees in the vicinity of their abode, 
beheld the fine things in the garden, to obtain which they advised tunneling 
the stream. 

The question will naturally arise, how is it possible for them to direct their 
course in digging those long underground passages so as to reach the surface 
at the wished for spot? Let those who ask, also answer; I only know that 
such long avenues exist, having thrust a long stick into one at the bottom of 
one of their dens, and I have also seen the outer openings of many of them on 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. wea 


the banks of rivers and streams, whose water gives the ants drink, and where 
food can easily be had from the trees and bushes usually found growing on the 
banks of streams in all prairie lands. 

At the large ant den in Austin, before spoken of, millions of working ants, 
and bushels of eggs and larvee, with great numbers of males and females, were 
destroyed. As soon as a large apartment containing the eggs, larve and 
winged ants was found, a fire was kindled forthwith among them, for which pur- 
pose, light, combustible stuff was kept near. The eggs were of different sizes, 
belonging to opposite sexes, also showing, probably, that they grow, and were 
in a greater or less advanced stage of development. The workers at first are 
very small, scarcely a line in length. The eggs mixed with minute young ants, 
were in a soft, grey spongy substance, apparently leaves, finely triturated and 
mixed with an animal secretion. 

It is said they sometimes abandon their caves, when from long residence the 
chambers become filthy, or perhaps they are injured by heavy rains, or it may 
be that the ants desire a better situation for provender. Whatever may be the 
cause, they have been known to erfligrate en masse, and after making new ex- 
cavations, and dwelling in them a few years, to return again to their old first 
residence. Itis probable that they have a division of labor, some nurse the 
young, and others provide food. In one instance I saw one cut off a segment 
of an elm leaf, and another seized it as soon as cut, and carried it away, but 
generally I have noticed that he who cuts also carries. When cutting, one 
mandible is inserted, and carried slowly along; the head swaying to and fro, 
and the other mandible moving its sharp point, apparently breaking the surface 
to lessen the thickness to be cut by the other. The ant often stands on the 
part of the leaf which he is cutting off, but he is careful to remove to a firm 
place before it is finally severed, which done, he seizes one edge of it with his 
mandibles, and with a rapid movement throws it on his head and thorax, so 
that its lower edge rests between the lobes of the head and the spines of the 
thorax, and the upper edge is aloft. Away he goes, and joins the busy throng 
in the main path, which looks as if the ants had a gala day, and were march- 
ing with banners flying. Lately, on the banks of the Colorado river, near 
Austin, I saw multitudes of ants in their path, going up hill with fragments of 
leaves, and hack berries, <celtis,) some entire, and others with a small portion 
cut off, to render them lighter and suitable to be carried by the smaller ants. 
The place at which they entered the ground was about six feet from the top of 
the bank. This pathway was steep, and even perpendicular, for a distance of 
five or six inches, at a place about one foot below their doorway. The labor 
was severe to carry the berries up this path, but the struggie was great to 
get them to the top of the perpendicular spot. In performing this feat the 
berry carriers met with many falls, often rolling one and two feet down the hill 
but always sticking fast to their burdens, and trying again until they finally 
triumphed. One fell when near the top, and as he came up again, and was 
about to succeed, I touched his load with the point of a knife, and down it 
and ant went. His third attempt was put to the same test, but even then, he 
did not get angry, or show the least impatience, but cheerfully took his berry, 
and went up and in at the door of the long avenue. 

A lady lately showed me a safe where she kept sugar and sweetmeats, which 
drew swarms of small ants. The legs of the safe were then placed in vessels of 
water, and the ants did not succeed in reaching the sweets during several days, 
but finally many of them were found in the sugar. After some little study to 
discover how they got there, they were seen to drop on the safe from the roof 
at the distance of about two feet above. These, however, were not the cutting 
ants, and I only mention their feats because they are similar to those related 
of ants by an East India officer. A gentleman told me that he suspended 
sugar by a string from a rafter in his house, to keep it from ants, but they went 
up and came down the string. They also were not the cutting ants, which 
rarely, if ever, enter houses. 


1860.] 


236 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


The cutting ants often assist each other. I saw one which fell with a hack 
berry, at the vertical place before named. The berry got loose from him, and 
instead of shouldering it again, he tried to drag it along, but was unable to 
pull it up the perpendicular. Many passed him and gave the cold shoulder ; 
finally akind ant came and pushed. By shoving and pulling the two succeeded 
in getting the berry to the top, when the assister immediately left, and started 
down the hill. They live on both animal and vegetable ‘food. I have seen 
them carrying both worms and bugs. Whole beetles and numerous elytra 
have been found in their cells, but nothing indicating that they lay up large 
stores of food, like some of the East India ants, which have been seen to fetch 
their stores of corn to the surface to dry after heavy rains. The common 
tumble bug, (Canthon levis,) in rolling his ball, sometimes heedlessly backs up 
over a nest of the cutting ants, and falls a victim, being overcome by numbers. 
Once I saw a very large one roll his ball into their midst, when he was fiercely 
attacked by the multitude. At first he stuck his nose in the sand, or rather 
between his forelegs, but the bites behind were so severe that he roused and 
flew in circles, finally alighting near me, which was no sooner done than an 
ant who had accompanied the flight, jumped to the ground, fora moment 
looked bewildered, then ran for home, it may be, to tell of his wonderful ride on 
the big bug. 

The damage which these ants do, is great, by destroying trees and vegeta- 
bles. I know of one family who are about to leave a beautiful situation near a 
fine spring, because the cutting ants have nearly killed their fruit trees and 
ornamental shrubbery, especially roses, for which they have a peculiar fond- 
ness. They have been known to strip a fruit tree of its leaves in a single 
night. In some sections these ants prevent the cultivation of fruit. Thou- 
sands of dollars have been uselessly spent in attempts to kill them by blowing 
noxious gasses into their dens, or by placing poisons at the doorways of their 
dwellings. A knowledge of the habits and abodes of these insects show the 
futility of such attempts; the fact is, but few of these can be reached by gas, 
let the bellows blow ever so hard, nor can many be killed by poison, even if 
the most deadly be placed within their doorways, for as soon as they discover 
harm, they form a new entrance. The only effectual method of destroying 
them is to dig, and kill the females and young, when the neuters will soon 
perish. This is so expensive that it will only be resorted to near a garden or 
dwelling, and as the cutting ants are scattered through western and central 
Texas, they probably never will be exterminated by man. 


Contributions to the Carboniferous Flora of the United States. 
BY HORATIO C. WOOD, JR. 


CautaMites Suckow. 


C. bicostatus nobis.—Stem slender, bicostate, with distant articula- 
tions ; ribs undulate, double, a very narrow, alternating with a broader one ; 
tubercles obsolete. The distant articulations and the double, undulate ribs 
characterize this as a very distinct species. 


ANNULARIA Sternb. 
A. dubia nobis. 
Syn. Bechera dubia Stern. Vers. vol. i. p. 30,t. 51 fig. 3, 1821. <Annularia 
minuta Brong. Prod. p. 155. 


A. stellata nobis. 

Syn. Casuarinites stellatus Schloth. Flora der Vorwelt, t. i. fig. 4, 1804, ejus- 
dem, Nacht. Petref. 1822. Bornia stellata Sternb. Vers. i. p. 28. Annularia 
longifolia Brongt. Prod. 1828. Asterophyllites equisetiformis Lind. et Hutton, 
Foss. Flora, vol. ii. t. 124. 

[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 23 


“aT 


ASTEROPHYLLITES. 
A. reflexa nobis. 
Syn. Annularia reflexa Sternb. Vers. i. p. 31, t. 19, fig. 5. Asterophyllites 
Brardii, Brongt. Prod. 
If this is a distinct species (which is doubtful) it must retain the specific 
name of the first author. 


Sraintaria Brongt. 


Stem not articulate, corticate, costate, smooth or striate; ribs of various 
widths, having furrows interposed between them; cicatrices discoid, disposed 
spirally upon the ribs, their longitudinal diameter exceeding the transverse ; 
vascular scars varying in number, mostly linear. 

The great fossil botanist, Brongniart, united the three genera of Sternberg, 
(Rhytidolepis, Favularia and Syringodendron,) with the title of Sigillaria. 
More modern authors have, however, reseparated them, retaining Brongniart’s 
name for the first division of Sternb. 

Among recent writers, Messrs. Lindley and Hutton, have acknowledged the 
genus Favularia, but Unger, Lesquereux and others do not. We have not 
seen sufficient specimens of this genus to justify us in offering an opinion. 

Rhytidolepis, has, we believe, the right of priority over Sigillaria, but as the 
latter is now universally employed, it would cause too much confusion to re- 
vert to the original title. 

M. Brongniart says, (see top of page 393, Veg. Foss.) “ this genus is charac- 
terized by the longitudinal diameter of scars at least equalling the transverse, 
and that ordinarily it is much greater.” A very few of the species which we 
would recognise as true Sigillaria, depart slightly from this rule, but it is im- 
possible to characterize a genus in fossil botany, some of whose forms will not 
approach those of another division, for the simple reason, that any classifica- 
tion, however ingenious, must necessarily be purely artificial. 

According to the oldest classification, all fossil plants were referred to the 
two genera, Filicites and Phytolithus. The present system has arisen by 
splitting off, as it were, section after section from these. 

The classification of vegetable relique may thus continue to advance, and it 
is with the hope it may prove a step in the right direction, that we propose 
a partial revision of the genus Sigillaria. 


S. perplexa, n.sp.—Stem costate, costa varying in their width; bark 
thin; cicatrices quadrangular, conjoined by their raised confluent borders ; 
vascular scars obsolete. 

We place this very remarkable fossil in this group until better specimens 
can be obtained for further study. Though the vascular scars are not pre- 
served, yet we cannot say they have never existed. When the bark is stript 
from the stem, a raised border is seen to underlie the margin of external scar. 
Locality and position unknown. Cabinet of the Academy. 


S. solanus, n. sp.—Stem costate ; ribs strongly convex, striate, and with 
a striate groove in the middle; cicatrices placed in this groove, small, distant 
subdiscoidal, often elongated with their base rounded and apex somewhat 
truncate; vascular scars three, those on the sides linear, arcuate. 

In our specimen the distance between the scars is about five times their 
length. The depression orchannel is slightly widened at their position, and 
between them a band, equalling them in width, is finely chased by very numer- 
ous minute strie. Locality, Shever’s Drift, East Norwegia. Position unknown. 
Collection of the Academy. 


ASOLANUS nobis. 


Stem not costate, striate ; striae straight or curved, regularly or irregularly 
disposed ; cicatrices discoid, single, their transverse exceeding the longitudinal 
diameter ; vascular scars varying in number, mostly linear. 


1860. ] 


238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


We think the absence of ribs is sufficient to found a generic distinction on, 
but this genus is also separated from Sigillaria, by the excess of the transverse 
over the longitudinal diameter of the leaf-scar. 


A. camptotaenia, n. sp.—Stem striate; strie disposed in two series ; 
in the one, contiguous, numerous, descending towards the right; in the other, 
few, and ascending towards the right; cicatrices sub-triangular rounded at apex, 
acuminate at the base; vascular scars almost obsolete. Locality and position 
unknown. Cabinet of the Academy. 


A. ornithicnoides, n. sp.—Stem longitudinally striate, vascular cica- 
trices three, linear, the middle much the longest. 

This is undoubtedly decorticated and the markings are often obscured by 
adherent flakes of coal; but the peculiar disposition of the scars render this 
species very distinct. The middle impression projecting in front and behind 
gives the scars an appearance resembling that of bird tracks,which is often height- 
ened by short curved striz projecting from the side marks. Near the top and 
bottom of the specimen are two large oval scars, which, perhaps, mark the 
former position of branches; if so, this further separates this genus from Sigil- 
jaria, which Brongt. says do not branch. Locality, Milnes Mine, St. Clair. 
Position unknown. Collection of the Academy. 


SYRINGODENDRON Sternb. 


Stem tree-like furrowed, costate; cicatrices either single or double; vascu- 
lar scars for the most part wanting, but sometimes represented by a single 
dot. 

This is a very poorly defined genus, and we think that at some future date it 
will be broken up into several. We have seen no vascular scar in any speci- 
men, and think that species possessing such will be found to have other char- 
acters in common sufficient to warrant their erection into a distinct genus. 

For the present we follow Sternberg in dividing into two sub-genera—a, 
those with a single scar; 5, those with a double scar. 


S. magnifica, n, sp.—Stem not costate; striate (when decorticated), bark 
very seldom preserved ; cicatrices double, oval, arranged in spiral, undulating 
rows ten to fifteen lines apart. 

The distance between the pairs of scars is very variable, but never, in our 
specimens, exceeding twice their length. The two scars are often fused into 
one, with a broad disk of coal adherent. This species is seldom found with 
the bark remaining, we have seen but a single very poor specimen of it in that 
state. Owing to the absence of ribs, we think that it should not be classed in 
this genus. But desiring to avoid creating genera unneccessarily, we place it 
provisionally here. If other similar species should be found, constituting a 
distinct group, we would propose the name of Diplotaxis. 


SoLeNnocta nobis. 

Stem ribbed, costz narrow, convex; furrows equalling in width the ribs; 
cicatrices round, situated in the furrows between the ribs; vascular scars un- 
known. 

We have created this genus to receive a very curious fossil from Schuylkill 
Co., Pa. Although the specimen is large and very handsome, yet the cortex 
is not sufiiciently preserved, for us to note the form or even existence of vascu- 
lar scars. 


8. psilophloeus, n. sp.—Stem costat2, costa convex, furrows and ribs 
striate, bark thin, cicatices convex, situate in middle of the furrows. Locality, 
Milnes Mine, St. Clair. Position, body of Mammoth Vein. Collection of the 
Academy. ; 

LEPIDODENDRON Sternb. 
L. dubium n.sp.—Cicatrices lanceolate, approximate, strongly convex, 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 239 


with apex and base acuminate ; margin sunken, flexuous, very narrow; vascu- 
lar scars lanceolate. 

In our specimen the vascular scars are almost obsolete and have a slight 
bulbous enlargement in the centre. Where the bark remains, the crest of the 
scar alone reaches the surface. We place this plant, with some hesitation, among 
the Lepidodendra. Itis, however, allied to L. rimosum and L. undula- 
tum, and with them ought perhaps to be erected into a separate genus. If 
this should bs found advisable, we would propose the name Acrostigma. Lo- 
cality and position unknown. Collection of the Academy. 


L. ingens n. sp.—Cicatrices sub-rhomboidal, with apex and base acumi- 
nate, and base curved; margin distinct, furrowed, regularly flexuous; vascu- 
lar scar sub-triangular, rounded at its apex, with the angles acute; tubercles 
distinct obovate ; middle line almost obsolete, its situation marked by a shal- 
low groove. 

This large species, somewhat resembles L. giganteum Lesq. from which, 
however, the outline and disposition of leaf-scars separate it. 


L. mekiston, n. sp.—Cicatrices, elongate with both apex and base acumi- 
nate and the base curved; margin raised, regularly flexuous; vascular *scars 
sub-rhomboidal, with acute angles and marked with two or three dots; ap- 
pendices distinct, very long, tubercles obovate ; medial line deeply furrowed, 
transversely rugose. 

The internal markings, of cicatriculi as well as the tubercles, are very often 
badly preserved. The general form of main scar resembles L. Lindleyanum 
Ung., whilst the raised border and form of vascular scars ally the plant to 
L. aculeatum Sternb. The more elongated cicatrix and the acute angles 
of the cicatriculi, separate it from the latter species. It also differs in the 
situatiou of tubercles and length of appendices. Locality and position un- 
known. Cabinet of the Academy. 


L. Oweni, n. sp.—Cicatrices rhomboidal with somewhat curved base and 
apex; margin distinct, flexuous; vascular scars rhomboidal, placed near the 
apex of the cicatrix; appendices parallel to the margin; medial line well 
marked, flexuous. 

Syn. L. aculeatum Sternb. u.sp.—Owen Geological Survey of Wisconsin, 
Towa, &c., vol. ii. pl. vi. figs. 1,3. That the impressions there figured are not 
L. aculeatum Sternb. we think is shown by the following considerations : 
lst. The shape and relative position of the leaf-scars in the two are quite dif- 
ferent. 2d. The vascular scars differ in outline and in Sternb.’s species they 
are marked with three dots which are wanting in Owen’s. 3d. Tubercles are 
present in L. aculeatum Sternb. but not in Owen’s figures. Finally the 
margins of the cicatrices differ. 

The outline of our specimens differ somewhat from those figured in the Re- 
port, but we think that the species are identical. Locality, unknown. Posi- 
tion, Sandstone below the coal? Cabinet of the Academy. 


L. dikrocheilus, n. sp.—Cicatrices sub-elliptical with apex and base 
acuminate and the base curved; margin raised, broad, regularly flexuous, vas- 
cular scars sub-rhomboidal, with apex and base rounded and angles at the 
sides very acute, marked with three dots; medial line almost obsolete, slightly 
rugose. 

The margin of this species so bifurcates, that on the right side it receives an 
offset from the same side of the neighboring scar; thus making it nearly twice 
as wide on the right hand side below, and on the left, above. Locality, Broad 
Top Coal Region. Position, Roof of Cook’s (upper) Seam. Private collec- 
tion. 


L venustum, n. sp.—Cicatrices rhomboidal, with their base truncate ; 
margin narrow, flexuous; vascular scar rhomboidal, placed above the middle 


1860.] 


240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


of leaf-scar; tubercles obovate; appendices well marked, flexuous; middle 
line distinct, transversely rugose. 

The left tubercle is obsolete, and when present is placed lower than the 
right ; the middle line is sometimes flexuous. Locality and position unknown. 
Cabinet of the Academy. 


L. drepanaspis, n. sp.—Cicatrices rhomboidal with rounded angles; 
margin flexuous; vascular scar triangular, raised, placed in apex of leaf-scar, 
bounded below by a crescentic slope, on which are the tubercles ; appendices 
parallel to the margin ; medial line transversely rugose. 

This species somewhat resembles L. cly pe atu m Lesq., but is very differ- 
ent when more closely examined. Locality and position unknown. Cabinet 
of the Academy. 


L. Lesquereuxi, n. sp.—Cicatrices sub-rhomboidal, elongated, with the 
apex and base acuminate, vascular scars curved, sub-rhomboidal, their 
apex rounded and other angles acute, marked with two or three (sometimes 
obsolete, sometimes confluent) dots; appendices distinct; medial line very 
strongly marked, transversely rugose. 

It is with great pleasure that we dedicate this handsome species to Prof. 
Lesquereux, to whom every American Geologist is indebted for time and toil 
spent in elucidating the ancient Flora of this continent. This plant, besides 
the above characters, bas also a crescentic scar, situated in the apex of leaf- 
scar and marked with two, often obsolete, dots. Locality unknown. Posi- 
tion, Sandstone below the Coal? Cabinet of the Academy. 


L. Bordz, n. sp.—Cicatrices rhomboidal, elongate, with apex and base 
acuminate and curved; margin distinct; vascular scars placed near the apex 
of cicatrix, trapezoidal, marked with two (often obsolete) dots ; appendices well 
marked; tubercles obsolete ; medial line distinct, transversely rugose. 

This species is allied to L.elegans Brong., but is separated from it by 
the scars being more elongated and the consecutive ones communicating, as 
well as by the difference in the proportion of the lergth to the breadth of the 
cicatriculi and the much greater rugosity of medial line. Two magnificent 
specimens were presented to the Academy by Mr. Borda, the largest measuring 
3 feet 7 inches by 13 inches. Locality and position, Top slates of Back Vein, 
south side of Mine Hill, in the Black Heath Colliery. 


LEPIDOPHLOGOS Sternb. 


M. Unger (Gen. et Spec. Plan. Fossil) marks this as a doubtful genus, 
but we think it is quite a distinct one. 


L, icthyolepis, n. sp.—Stem large; cortex thin; cicatrices approximate, 
raised, triangular, furnished with an appendix on each side and one in the 
middle; vascular scars not preserved. Locality, Roof of Perseverance Tunnel, 
Dauphin Co., Pa. Cabinet of the Academy. 

Mr. Lesquereux, in his ‘‘Catalogue of American Coal Plants,” gives L. cras- 
sicaule, asa species of Brongt.; we are unable to find it in the works of that 
author, neither is it in Unger (op. cit.) As Prof. Lesquereux does not describe 
it we are at a loss as to its nature. 


Lepipostrosus Brong. 


L. stachyoides, n.sp.—Catkin small, about two and a half lines in 
breadth and an inch in length; sporanges rhomboidal with flexuous margins, 
arranged in a single row on each side of the slender axis. 

In the specimen a leaf of Lepidodendron has such relations to the fruit as to 
appear at first sight to have been connected with it, but closer examination 
shows this not to have been the case, 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 241 


Catalogue of the Colubride in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences 
of Philadelphia, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 2. 


BY E. D. COPE. 


CORONELLINZ. 
Totuca Kennicott. Type T. lineata. 


U. S. and Mex. Boundary Survey, ii. pt. 2, Reptiles, p. 23, 1859. 

Toluca differs from Amblymetopon G'thv. in possessing two pairs of frontal 
plates instead of one, and the nasal and first upper labial are not confluent. 
Gyalopion nobis has two pairs of frortals, but the rostral is recurved and 
acute, and the first labial is confiuent with the nasal. The contact of the post- 
frontals, the want of anterior prolongation of the vertical, the concavity of the 
rostral, and presence of anterior frontals, distinguish the latter from Amblyme- 
topon. In these genera the teeth are smooth, of equal lengths and a little 
stouter posteriorly. In Arrhyton* Gthr. (Cat. Brit. Mus. p. 244) the posterior 
upper maxillary is longer, and separated from the anterior by an interspace, 
(diacranterian.) These genera possess a strong resemblance to the Calama- 
rian type of form—where some of them have been placed by authors—but we 
believe them to be more nearly allied to the Stenorhina, Rhinostoma and Cemo- 
phora, which are not to be separated from the Coronelliform genera Simotes, 
Lampropeltis, etc. Indeed, comparison with such typical Calamarian forms as 
Calamaria, Aspidura, Rkabdosoma, Carphopkiops, etc., shows a less complete 
want of distinction of head and body, a less degree of rigidity of the latter, 
and a greater resemblance to the higher types in the forms of the superciliary 
and labial plates. We do not think their small size at all conclusive as to their 
pertinence to the Calamarinz, though an opposite opinion might be held by 
such herpetologists as would place the Old World ‘‘ Ablabes,” the Diadophis 
and Tzniophis of the New in that group. 

Allied to Toluca and Cemophora nodis, is a genus inhabiting the south- 
western regions of the United States, called Lamprosoma by Dr. Hallowell, 
(Proceed. Acad. N.S. viii. p. 311.) As this name was previously employed by 
Kirby for a genus of Coleoptera, we propose replacing it here by Curonactis, 
given in allusion to the refulgent whiteness of the scales. The typical and 
only welleascertained species is Rhinostoma occipitale Hallow., (Proc. 
Acad. vii. 1854, p. 95.) This serpent has been erroneously stated by Dr. Giin- 
ther, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 387, to be a native of West Africa. The muzzle is more 
depressed than in Toluca, and there is a loreal plate. The equal teeth, single 
nasal and more depressed head and snout, separate it from Cemophora. 


83. T. lineata, Kenn. 1.c. U.S. Pac. R. R. Rept. ix. Reptiles, fig. 35, pl. 8. 
One sp. Toluca Valley, Mexico. Smithsonian Inst. 


PaRIaAsPis nobis. Type P. plumbeatra. 


Body cylindrical ; tail one-eighth of total length. Head scarcely distinct, 
broad and swollen at the temples, in front very short and depressed. Superior 
maxillary bone short, its teeth gradually increasing in length posteriorly, none 
grooved. Pupil round. Top of head covered with the ordinary nine plates, 
the frontals relatively small, occipitals large. Two nasals, the nostril in the 


* Arryton teniatum Gthr l.c. 

The adult of this species measures 16 in, 10 1, in length; the tail 3 in. 7lines. The 
color of the lower surface is brownish yellow, and extends upon the third row of scales. 
Above dark brown, with three indistinct longitudinal lines, asin Gunther’s description. 
These notes are taken from a specimen belonging to the Museum at Cambridge, Mass. 


1860.] 


242 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


anterior, which is very small. No loral. Preocular one, post-oculars two. 
Sixth upper labial touching the occipital, which latter is separated from the 
posterior labials by a single plate. Anal and urosteges entire. Scales smooth. 


84. P. plumbeatra nobis.—Seven superior labials, eye over third and 
fourth; the first as large as the postnasal, the last three very large. Preocular 
small. Rostral small, rather prominent. Vertical presenting an obtuse angle 
in front, its lateral borders parallel and equal in length to the latero-posterior. 
Occipitals elongate acute, their divaricating tips separated by a small plate. 
Exteriorly they are bordered by one temporal and the sixth upper labial. In- 
ferior labials seven. Geneials two pair, the anterior broader in front, and one- 
third longer than the posterior. Scales in fifteen longitudinal rows, very 
smooth. Gastrosteges 140, an anal, urosteges 44. Total length 16 in. 8 lines; 
tail 2in. 9 1. 

Color above a uniform blackish lead color, paler on the head. Chin and 
belly yellowish, the iaferior labials and gastrosteges tipped with the color of 
the back, the latter posteriorly spotted with the same. Under surface of tail 
grey. 

One specimen of this interesting serpent is in the Museum of the Academy, 
presented by Mr. E. T. Cresson, a gentleman to whom we are also in- 
debted for fine specimens of Bobdon virgatum, Dryiophis Kirtland iis, 
Boiga pulverulenta, etc. The Pariaspis is a native of Liberia, in the same 
zoological district with the Holuropholis, Dipsadoboa, Brachycranion, etc., 
which it represents in this group. 


SrenorwinA Dum. & Bibr. Type 8. ventralis. 


Erpetologie Generale, vii. p. 865, 1853. 


85. S. Kennicottiana nobis.—-Form stout, thick, the head not distinct. 
Muzzle acute. Number of rows of scales and head shields asin S. ventralis, 
except that there are eight inferior labials instead of seven, the fourth being 
the largest instead of the third. The anterior geneial plates are more elongate, 
the length being twice the breadth, and the posterior are more produced, and 
are separated by a narrow intercalary shield. The postnasal is very large, and 
is joined to the preocular by a suture half the length of the latter. Tail one- 
fifth of the total length. Gastrosteges 155; one divided anal; urosteges 39 pair. 
Total length 22 in. 3 1.; tail 4 in. 51. 

Coloration. Above brown, the body crossed by thirty-six deep brown or 
black bands. These are irregular and very narrow, not wholly involving any 
scale which they cross. On the flanks they are interrupted and irregular. 
Chin, belly and under surface of the tail yellow, with an irregular medial line 
formed by adjacent spots near their extremities. Superior labials yellow, the 
sixth and seventh bordered above with black. Top of the head uniform brown. 
One sp. Isthmus of Panama. Drs. Gallaer and LeConte. 

This species is dedicated to Mr. Robert Kennicott of Washington, a gentle- 
man possessing a knowledge of North American Serpents not excelled by any 
other naturalist. 


86. S. ? 

We have before us two specimens of the young of what is probably an under- 
scribed species of Stenorhina. Their immature age is indicated by the division 
of several of the gastrosteges upon the umbilical region. In both specimens 
the tail is only one-eighth of the total length, in the ventralis a little more 
than one-fifth. The scales in the latter are relatively larger, and the vertical 
plate a little broader. In a specimen of the former, from Veragua, the gastros- 
teges number 165, urosteges 35; in the second, collected by Dr. Sartorius in 
the hills west of Vera Cruz, and in the possession of the Smithsonian Institute, 
they are 155x32. In the ventralis the Erp. Gen. gives 149x44. The 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 243 


color of our specimens is light brown, crossed by numerous bands or elongated 
spots of deep brown bordered with paler. Sides and belly spotted with the 
same. 

The specimen of S. ventralis sent tothe Smithsonian Institution by Dr. 
Sartorius corresponds with the description in the Erpetologie Generale in 
nearly every respect. The color is, however, a very deep slate above, so that 
the transverse spots are scarcely visible. The gastrosteges are much clouded 
with slate, and the longitudinal markings are also indistinct. Chin and lower 
labial plates tinged with bright yellow. There is no specimen of this species 
in the Academy Museum. 


87. S.quinquelineata nobis. Microphis quinquelineatus, Hallow. Proc. 
Acad. Nat. Sci. 1854, p. 97. 
Two specimens. Honduras. Dr. S. W. Woodhouse. 

This is the species figured in the Erp. Generale, plate 70, as Stenorhina Fr e- 
minvillei. In that figure the loreal plate is distinctly and correctly repre- 
sented, though the description of that species and diagnosis of the genus would 
lead one to infer its absence. Is it not possible that the specimen figured by 
the learned herpetologists may belong to a different species from that which 
they regard as typical of the Freminvillei? 


Rurnostoma* Fitz. Type R.nasuum. 


Neue Classification, 1826, p. 56. Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 992. 
88. R. nasuum Wag. 
One sp. Surinam. Dr. Hering 


89. R. Guntheri nobis. Head depressed, rather wider than the neck. 
Posterior angle of the rostral plate a right-angle. Anterior frontals forming 
a short suture with each other; posterior frontals forming no suture, their tips 
only in contact, so that their posterior borders are diagonally continuous with 
the posterior borders of the anterior frontals. Vertical plate presenting a 
right angle anteriorly; its superciliary border shortest of all. Occipitals 
shorter than vertical, each bounded by one large and five small temporals. 


*GyaLorion nobis. Form stout; tail one-eighth of total length Head slightly 
distinct, large, depressed. Rostral plate acute; its anterior border elevated; its upper 
surface concave. It is produced backwards, separating the prefontals, not reaching the 
vertical. Frontals, two pair. Nasal confounded with the first labial, a groove from 
the nostril to the suture of the second labial. No loreal, its place supplied by the post 
frontal. One pre-two postoculars. Scales smooth; anal and subcaudal scutelle divided. 
Teeth small, of equal lengths. Pupil round. 

P. canum nobis. Prefrontals triangular, not larger than preoculars. Postoculars of 
equal size. Anterior border of vertical not angulated. Occipitals as broad as long, 
truncate posteriorly. Superior labials seven, eye over third and fourth. Inferior labials 
seven, fourth largest. Geneials one pair, very short. Scales in seventeen longitudinal 
rows, nearly square. Gastroteges 130; one anal; urosteges 28. Total length 7 in. 
6 lin. ; tail 11 lin. 

Coloration. Above brownish grey, crossed by thirty-one irregular transverse brown 
bands. These are from one to three scales wide on the back, and extend to the gas- 
troteges. Anteriorly they exhibit a tendency to divide into a dorsal and two lateral 
series of spots. Eight transverse spots on the tail. First spot on the neck large, 
produced medially to the occipitals. A brown band extends from one angle of the 
mouth to the other across the occipitals, involving the tip of the vertical. Another 
brown band commences upon the upper borders of the lower labial shields, passes 
through the eye, and crosses the anterior parts of superciliaries and yertical, and 
posterior parts of postfrontals and rostral. Dirty yellowish beneath, and upon the first 
row of scales. One specimen (No. 4675,) in the National Museum, Washington, dis- 
covered near Ft. Buchanan, Arizona, by Dr. Irwin, It is an extraordinary serpent, re- 
sembling, at first sight, a diminutive Heterodon. 


1860.] 


244 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Loreal acute posteriorly ; preoculars two, the inferior very small. Postoculars 
three, nearly equal in size. Upper labials eight, fourth and fifth entering the 
orbit ; last as small as the second. Inferior labials eight; one pair of geneials. 
Scales in nineteen rows. Gastroteges 182. One entire anal, 67 urosteges. 
Total length 21 inches, 2 lines. Tail 5 inches. 

The upper surface of the head and body are of a dark brown, The upper 
labials, chin, belly, two inferior rows of scales and the tips of many of the 
others, dirty white. 

One specimen brought from the interior of Venezuela by Capt. Jas. Wilson. 
It is called by the natives ‘‘ Coralilla.’”’ 

We have named this species in honor of Dr. Albert Giinther, the celebrated 
Herpetologist of London, who has done so much toward effecting a natural 
arrangement of the Colubride. 


Cemopuora nobis. Type C. coccinea. 


Form rather slender; tail one-seventh of total length. Head scarcely dis- 
tinct, very convex, elongate, acute. Plates of the head broad, normal as to 
number. Rostril very prominent, obtusely trihedral, produced slightly be- 
tween the prefontals. Nasals two—sometimes united,—a loreal, one pre- two 
postoculars. Scales smooth; anal scutella entire, urosteges divided. Pupil 
round. One cr two posterior maxillary teeth longer than the others, smooth, 
and not separated by an interspace, (syncranterian). 

The form of the rostral plate is the most prominent peculiarity which 
separates this species from Simotes D. § B. 


90. C. coccinea nobis. Coluber coccineus Blumenb.in Licht. & Voigt. 
Magaz. v. 1788, pl. 5. Heterodon coccineus Schl. Essai, ii. p. 102. Rhinostoma 
coccinea Holbr. N. Am. Herp. 1842, p. 125, pl. 30. Baird et Girard, Catal. p. 118. 
Simotes coccineus Dum. et Bibr. vii. p. 637. Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. p. 26. 


Two sp. South Carolina. Dr. Holbrook. 

One sp. Georgia. Dr. Jones. 

One sp. South Carolina. Dr. Blanding. 

One sp. oG Philada. Mus. in Ex. 
One sp. ? Dr. Wilson. 


RurnocuHeitus Bd. et Grd. Type R. Lecontei. 


Catal. Serp. Smiths. Inst. 1852, p. 120. 
In dentition this genus is isodont. The entire urosteges distinguish it from 
Rhinechis. The general form is rather that of Cemophora. 


91. KR: Lecontei Bd. et Grd. lc. 
One sp. Ft. Chadbourne, Texas. Smithsonian Institution. 


Srvotes Dum. & Bibr. Type S. Russellii. 


Erpetologie Generale, vii. p. 624, 1853. 
A. Form stout, calamarian; anal shield entire. 


92. S. phenochalinus nobis. This isasmall serpent, and resembles 
an Oligodon in form. The arrangement and number of cephalic plates are the 
same asin the Russellii, except that the rostral plate is higher, and not 
produced so far back upon the muzzle, and that the vertical is not so broad, 
and with lateral borders less convergent posteriorly. Superior labials seven, 
the third and fourth entering the orbit; inferior labials eight. Scales in 
seventeen rows small, rounded. Gastroteges 172, an anal, urosteges 41 pairs. 
Total length 7 inches 9 lines. Tail 1 inch. 

The ground color is a light brown, and is crossed above by short black 
transverse bands, about fifteen in number, from the head to the end of the tail. 
These bands are wider on the back, and taper on the flanks. A transverse 
black band crosses the head from eye to eye on each side of the posterior 


4 [June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 245 


suture of the postfrontals, and is continued beneath the eye on the suture of 
the fourth and fifth labials. A longitudinal black band proceeds from the 
transverse, passes through the middle of the vertical and along the suture of 
the occipitals, then widens and bifurcates on the neck. A crescentic black 
mark begins near the exterior border of the occipital plate, and extends a 
little beyond the commissure of the mouth, crossing the seventh upper labial. 
One sp. Manilla. Dr. Barnwell. 
One sp. Philippine Islands. Mr. Cuming, in ex. 
The second of these specimens has, alternating with the cross bands, a 
transverse series of four separate spots; two dorsal, rounded, and one on each 
side, narrow. 


93. S.aphanospilus nobis.—In this species the head and investing plates 
are shorter and broader than those of the last species; the sides of the vertical 
shields are more convergent posteriorly. Asin other Simotes there are one 
pre- and two postoculars. Loreala little longer than high ; upper labials seven, 
third and fourth entering the orbit; inferior labials eight, the posterior one 
very small. Scales large, obtuse, imbricate, in seventeen rows. Geneials two 
pair, the posterior half the length of the anterior. Gastrosteges 173, anal one, 
uresteges 37 pairs. Length of body and tail 23 in. 5 1.; tail alone 3 in. 41. 

The color of the upper surface of this serpent is a dull olive brown. From 
the neck to the base of the tail we count thirteen nearly equidistant scutcheon- 
shaped figures, brown bordered with black. These extend a short distance on 
the flanks, and are sometimes confluent with another series of smaller, similar 
figures on each side. In the middle of the interval between each dorsal figure 
is a small black spot. On the head the arrangement of markings is similar to 
that of the last species. They are, however, only indicated by narrow black 
borders enclosing the ground color. Lips and beneath dirty yellowish. 

One specimen. Philippines. Mr. Cuming, in ex. 

The two species preceding are nearly allied tothe S. purpurascens 
Gthr., but comparison with the figures of Schlegel and Dum. et Bibr. at once 
reveals the differences in the markings of the head. The number of labials is 
also different. 


B. Form slender; anal divided. 
94. S. Russelli Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gen. vii. p. 628. Russell, Ind. Serp. i. 


pl. 35. 
One spec. ? 9 


Coronetta Laurenti. Type C. Austriaca. 


Specimen Synopsis Reptilium 1768, p. 84. Zacholus Wagler, Natur. Syst. 
1830, p. 190. 


95. C. Austriaca Laurenti. Zacholus Austriacus Wagler. Coronella levis 
Schlegel, Essai 1837, ii. 65. 


Fourteen spec. Italy. Dr. Wilson ( Bp. Coll.) 
Five L Sicily. “ tc 
Two & Europe Gard. Plants (in ex.) 


96. C.Girondica Dum. § Bibr. Coluber Girondicus Daudin, 1804. Cod. 
Riccioli Metaxa, Monograf. p. 40, 1823. Bp. Fauna Italica. 
Ten spec. Italy. Dr. Wilson (Bp. Coll.) 


Macropretopon Guichenot. Type M.cucullatus. 
Expédition d’Algérie, Rept. p. 22, No. 2. 
97. M. cucullatus nobis. Coluber cucullatus Is. Geoff. St. Hilaire, 1827. 


Macroprotodon mauritanicus Guichen. loc. cit. 1846. Lycognathus cucullatus Dum. 
& Bibr. 1853. Coronella cucullata Gthr. 1858. ? Zacholus bitorquatus Bonap. 


1860.} 


246 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


The long anterior and isolated grooved posterior maxillary teeth appear to 
us to separate this species from Coronella. 


One spec. Algiers. Gard. Plants, (in ex.) 
Two ‘ £ Dr. Wilson, (Bp. Coll.) 


PsAMMOPHYLAX Fitz. Type P.rhombeatus. 
Systema Reptilium 1843, p.26. Trimerorhinus Smith, Zodl. 8. Africa, p.? 1849. 


98. P.rhombeatus Fitz. Coluber rhombeatus Linn. Coronella rhombeata 
Boie, Schlegel. Coelopeltis rhombeata Wagl. Trimerorhinus rhombeatus Smith. 
Dipsas rhombeata D. &. B. 


One spec. Cape of Good Hope. Gard. Plants, (in ex.) 


Tarpopuis Fleischmann. Type T. vivax. 


Dalmat. Noy. Serp. Genera p. 18, 1831. Trigonophis Hichwald, 1831. Ailu- 
rophis ‘‘ Fitz.” Bp. 1832. 


99. T. vivax Dum. & Bibr. Coluber vivax Fitz., 1826. Tarbophis fallax 
Fleisch. 1831. Trigonophis Iberus Eich. 1831. Wipsas fallax Schleg. Essai ii. 
295. Tachymenis vivax Gthr. 1858. <Ailurophis vivax Bp. Fauno Italica. 


One spec. Italy. Dr. Wilson. 
HypsIGLENA nobis. Type H. ochrorhynchus. 


Dentition diacranterian ; i.e. along, smooth, posterior superior maxillary 
tooth, separated from the anterior by an edentulous space. Pupil elliptic, 
erect, body cylindrical. Head distinct, broad posteriorly, shortly conic ante- 
riorly, much depressed. Cephalic shields normal. Two nasals, nostril be- 
tween ; one loreal; two pre-and two postoculars. Scales smooth. Gastros- 
teges not angulated. Anal and subcaudal scutella divided. Tail less than 
one fourth the total length. 

This curious genus has points of resemblance to Sibon Fitz., Hemidipsas 
Gthr., Tachymenis Wiegm.; while the general appearance is not unlike that of 
Coronella Laur. <A perusal of the above diagnosis, cannot fail to convince the 
herpetologist that it possesses characters strongly distinguishing it from all, 
uniting as it does, in its general aspect, peculiarities of certain tropical and 
northera forms. 


100. B. ochrorhynuchus zobis.—Muzzle shortly conic; rostral plate 
prominent, encroaching a little on the pre-frontals. Nasal plates indistinctly 
separated, equal, their upper and lower borders parallel. Loreal longer than 
high. Lower preocular small, bounded anteriorly by the third upper labial. 
Hight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the orbit; sixth and seventh very 
large. Vertical plate twice as long as broad; lateral borders slightly con- 
vergent. Superciliaries narrow; occipitals as long or longer than vertical, 
rounded posteriorly. Inferior labials eleven, sixth largest. Geneials two pair, 
the posterior acute. Scales in twenty-one rows. Gastrosteges 168, urosteges 
48 pair. Total length, 12 in. 4 lines, tail 2 in. 3 lines. 

Coloration. The upper surface light grey, witha series of large brown spots, 
separated by intervals of one scale wide. These spots are about forty-eight in 
number, upon the body; they extend transversely from the seventh to the 
fifteenth rows of seales, and are three or four scales in length. On the poste- 
rior part of the body they sometimes divide longitudinally, their moieties 
alternating or becoming confluent into a zig-zag band. 

Alternating with these on each side, is a series of small spots formed by the 
brown borders of scales of the fifth and sixth rows. Another series of small 
spots opposite to the dorsal row, is formed by the shading of the adjacent bor- 
ders of the fourth and fifth rows with the same color. Many of the scales of 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 247 


the second row are also tipped with brown. There is a large brown spot on 
each side of the neck, sometimes confluent with an elongate central one, which 
extends to the occipital plates. A brown stripe passes from the eye to the neck 
spot, entirely covering the last upper labial. Top of the head brownish grey, 
indistinctly spotted with pale brown. Labial plate paler; frontals and rostral 
ochreous. Beneath yellowish-white, immaculate. ; 

One specimen in the Academy, and nnmerous others in the National 
Museum, Washington, received from Mr. John Xantus, from Cape St. Lucas, 
California. 


101. H. ehlorophaea nobdis.—Number of labials and rows of scales 
the same as in the last species. The scales of the body are, however, more 
elongate, and partly on this account are arranged in rows more oblique in an 
antero-posterior direction. The vertical plate is a little broader, and the head 
is narrower in proportion to its length. The body is rather more slender. 

The color is a greenish ash, much darker than in the preceding species. The 
dorsal spots, instead of being brown, are black, and separated by intervals of 
two scales in width. They are much smaller, occupying only the space from 
the ninth to the thirteenth longitudinal rows, and are one scale and a half 
long. They frequently divide and alternate, and their number on the body 
amounts to from fifty-eight to sixty-six. Tworows of smaller alternating spots 
appear on the sides, one upon the sixth and seventh rows of scales, the other 
on the fourth. The distribution of colors on the head and neck is much as in 
the last species, except that the neck spots are a little longer. The brown is, 
however, replaced by black, and the ochreous by olivaceous. The crown and 
muzzle are thickly punctulated with black. Beneath pale olivaceous. Gas- 
trosteges 167, urosteges 55. Total length, 15 in. 6 1., of tail 2 in. 31. 

Two specimens from the National Museum, there received with others 
from Fort Buchanan, Arizona, where they were collected by Mr. Irwin. 


TACHYMENIS Wiegmann. Type T. Peruviana, 
Nova Acta, Acad. Caes. Leopold. Carol. xvii. 1834, p. 251. 


102. T. Chilensis Girard, U.S. Naval and Astronomical Exp, 1855, ii. 
p- 213, Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. 1858, p. 34, Coronella Chilensis Schlegel. 
Guichenot, Hist. Chili, ii. p. 79. Dipsas Chilensis Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 1159. 

Var. near the third of Dum. & Bibr. 

Belly as in the ordinary variety, but the upper surface of the body of a light 
tufous brown, more deeply shaded on the fourth and ninth rows of scales. 


One specimen. Quinguina Id. Dr. Ruschenberger. 
Variety fourth, nobis. 


Coloration of the upper surface as usual, but upon each gastrostege there 
is a single central, oblong, spot. These form a medial, unbroken, black band, 
from near the chin to the anus. 


One specimen. Talcahuano, Chili. Dr. Ruschenberger 


103. T. hy poconia nobis.—The head of our single specimen is muti- 
lated, hence a detailed description of the plating cannot be given. The shields 
seem, however, to differ but little from those of the preceding species ; the pre- 
frontals are relatively smaller, and the superciliaries larger. There are eight 
superior labial shields, the eye resting on the fourth and fifth: the sixth and 
seventh are disproportionately large. Nine inferior labials. Scales large, in 
nineteen rows, the exposed part of those of the first row higher than long. 
Body stout ; gastrosteges 140, one divided anal; urosteges 52, relatively more 
numerous thanin T. Chilensis. 

Coloration—The upper surface of the head, body and tail, is of a wood 
brown, many of the scales black at their bases. The first, second, third and 


1860.] 


248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


fourth rows of scales are densely punctulated with black, thus forming an in- 
distinct band upon each side. The punctulations are more numerous upon the 
fourth row, hence the band is better defined upon its dorsal margin. A pair 
of dark bands commence upon the occipital plates, and extend a short dis- 
tance upon the back, enclosing a light vitta. The dark bands send off upon 
each side two branches, one to the middle of the superciliary plate, and one 
to the superior suture of the upper postocular. From the inferior su- 
ture of the same plate, a deep brown vitta extends to the angle of the 
of the mouth; this continued in front of the orbit as far as the nostril. The 
superior labial shields are paler than the crown, are punctulated, and have 
upon their postero-superior angle a triangular brown mark. Belly yellowish- 
grey, densely punctulated with black, (whence the name.) On each side, the 
gastrosteges are crossed near their extremities by a narrow black band, which 
is continuous from the throat to the end of the tail. Anteriorly the punctu- 
lations arrange themselves in two series of indistinct V-shaped marks within the 
bands but they are quite ill defined, and in some specimens will probably be 
absent. 


One specimen. Buenos Ayres. Dr. A. Kennedy. 


Con1opHANEsS Hallowell, MSS. TypeC. fissidens.* 


This genus consists of coronelliform serpents with grooved teeth, of rather a 
slender habit, having a distinct, depressed head, conic muzzle, one preocular 
and a divided anal plate. Perhaps the Coronella bipunctata of Giinther 
belongs to it. 

It differs from Dromicus in the grooved maxillary tooth, and the less lanceo- 
late head. Philodryas has a much more elongate body and tail. <A peculiarity 
in the coloration of the species consists in the numerous punctulations of the 
upper and under surface, whence probably the name (xsves pulverulentus.) 


104. C. punctigularis nobis.—Scales thin, lanceolate, in twenty-one 
longitudinal rows. Head broad posteriorly, muzzle rather shortly conic. Pre- 
frontals equal in size to the fourth superior labial ; post-nasal larger than pre- 
nasal; loreal as high as long ; preocular not reaching the vertical. Vertical 
elongate, its sides parallel ; occipitals moderate, each bounded by two large, 
and two small temporals. Postoculars two; superior labials eight ; eye over 
the fourth and fifth. Symphyseal unusually broad; inferior labials nine. 
Gastrosteges 121, one divided anal, urosteges 44, (tail mutilated.) Total 
length 14 in. 61. Tail 3 in. 41. (was probably nearly two inches longer. 

Coloration.—Above, dark chestnut-brown, shaded with grey on the top of the 
head. On each side of the neck, three scales behind the terminal superior 
labial, a whitish line commences. These widen, assumea pale ferruginous 
hue, and extend to the tip of the tail. They cover the sixth, seventh and 
half of the fifth and eighth rows of scales on each side, and enclose a brown 
dorsal band five scales wide. Upon the neck the brown of the sides is very 
deep, and extends forward as a band to the orbit. It is bordered beneath 
with white. Lips and throat yellowish-white, densely punctulated with 
brown. Gastrosteges also yellowish-white, punctulated irregularly at their 
tips. 

One specimen. Honduras. Mr. J. S. Hawkins & Dr. J. L. Le Conte. 


C. fissidens Hallow. differs from the present species in several points. 
The body is more elongate, there being 140 gastrosteges instead of 121. The 
head is more depressed, and the muzzle more prominent, since the prefrontal 
plates are in the plane of the occipitals. This form, together with the dark 


*Coronella fissidens Gthr. Cat. Brit. Mus. p. 36. 
{ June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 249 


color, and the narrow light band on the upper borders of the labials, is suggest- 
ive of certain genera of venomous snakes, as Hypnale. The lateral borders 
of the vertical plate in fissidens are not so long nor so nearly parallel as 
in punctigularis. The whole head is relatively narrower. The colors 
of the former are deeper, the longitudinal bands being very indistinct. The 
throat is not so thickly punctulated.* 


Tayiopuis Girard. Type T. tantillus. 


U.S. Astronomical Expedition, ii. p. 215. 1855. 


105. T. vermiculaticeps nobis. Size small; form slender; tail one- 
third the total length. Head distinct, elongate ovoid; the muzzle short and 
the eye large and far forward. The last superior maxillary tooth is longer 
than those preceding it, and smooth. As in the other species of the genus, 
there are two postoculars, one preocular, and a divided postabdominal scu- 
tella. Scales in seventeen longitudinal rows. Frontal plates small, super- 
ciliaries and vertical elongate, the latter with its anterior border nearly straight, 
the lateral slightly convergent. Nostril principally in the prenasal; postnasal 
higher. Loreal as high as long ; preocular narrow and high, not reaching the 
vertical. Superior postocular twice as long as the inferior. Superior labials 
eight, fourth and fifth enteringthe orbit. Inferior labials ten. Geneials two 
pair, the posterior one-third longer than the anterior, divaricating. Gastros- 
teges 117, one anal, urosteges 79. Total length of the largest specimen 13 in. 
8 lin. Tail 4 in. 7 lin. 

Coloration. The ground color of the upper surface of the body is a rich yel- 
lowish brown—where the epidermis is lost, of a brownish straw color. A pair 
of deep brown bands begin, one at the externo-posterior angle of each super- 
ciliary shield, and converge upon the neck. There each narrows to a width 
of one scale, and enclosing a vitta of the ground color one scale in width, ex- 
tends to the origin of the tail. Here they unite, and extend to the extremity 
of that member as a median band. A second pair of brown bands commences 
one at each nostril. It passes through the eye to beyond the angle of the 
mouth, where its inferior border becomes ill defined, and continues so through- 
out its whole length. The upper border is clearly defined to the end of the 
tail. The medial light dorsal vitta bifurcates on the neck, and extends as far 
as the superciliary plates. The intermediate space isirregularly vermiculated 
with delicate marks of the same color. Upper and lower labials whitish, nar- 


* The following is the description of a third species of this genus, a single specimen of 
which is in possession of the National Museum, Washington. It was discovered by Sr. 
R. M. De Oca in the vicinity of Jalapa, Mexico. 

C.proterops nobis.—Size rather small. Scales in nineteen longitudinal rows, thin, 
elongate, obtuse. Head scarcely distinct, short profile of muzzle not elevated. Anterior 
plates of the head small; loreal a little longer than high. One pre- two postoculars. 
Superior labials seven, third and fourth entering the orbit, Vertical plate elongate, late- 
ral borders convergent, posterior angle acute. Occipitals long. Inferior labials nine ; 
geneials two pairs, nearly equal. Gastrosteges 130, anal one, divided, urosteges ? (tail 
badly mutilated.) Head and body 9 in.7 lin. in length. ‘The stump of the tail appears 
tetragonal in section. 

Coloration. Above light brown, every scale densely punctulated with darker, especially 
near the margins. From the first to the fourth row of scales this is deeper, giving the 
sides a darker shade. The vertebral row of scales, from the occipitals to the end of the 
tailis also darker. Top of the head densely and obscurely vermiculated and punctulated. 
The dark shade on the fourth row of scales becomes a band anteriorly, and is bordered 
above and below with white on the neck. The lower white border is continued to the 
eye, and is bordered above on the labials with black. The upper white borderis discon- 
tinued on the neck, but reappears as a spot, three scales back of the occipitals. Inferior 
half of rostral, upper and lower labials, chin, throat and belly, light brownish yellow, 
densely punctulated with brown. Each labial with a darker spotin the centre. Fewer 
punctulations on the urosteges. 


1860.] 16 


250 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


rowly edged with brown. Chin and belly yellowish white, each gastrostege 
with a deep brown dot at each end near the posterior border. 

This very elegant species was discovered in Veragua, New Grenada, by Mr. 
R. W. Mitchell, who presented two specimens to the Academy. We also 
possess a third specimen, native country unknown. It is nearly allied to 
T. tantillus Girard, 1. c., but in that the vertical plate is narrower, the 


sides subconcave, and in contact anteriorly with the preocular. The colora- 
tion is also quite different. 


Drapopuis Baird & Girard. Type D. punctatus. 


Catalogue North Amer. Rept. in Smiths. Inst. 1852, p.112. Spiletes (i. e. 
Spilotes) ‘‘Wagler.’’ Swainson, not Wagler. 


106. D. decoratus nobis. Coronella decorata Gthr. Cat. Brit. Mus. 
. 30. 

5 One of our specimens has two preocular plates, another three. In neither 
do we find the upper maxillary teeth materially longer behind. Nevertheless, 
our placing this serpent in Diadophis is altogether provisional ; in the unusual 
length of tail, as well as in distribution of colors, it differs from this genus. 
We will not give a detailed description at present, as the color of our speci- 
mens has been altered by the loss of the epidermis. The four bright yellow 
spots on the occiput and nape render this a very distinct as well as beautiful 
species. 


One spec. Veragua, N. Grenada. Mr. R. W. Mitchell. 
One ‘SS ? 2 2 


107. D. occipitalis nobis. Ablabes occipitalis Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. 
. 29. 
: We have strong doubts of the validity of this species. Seven upper labial 
shields are occasionally found in the punctatus, and the nuchal interrup- 
tion of the yellow collar occurs in the pulchellus Bb. g& G. Wehave, how- 
ever, never seen a Diadophis with eight upper labials and an interrupted collar. 
We have two specimens corresponding with the occipitalis Gthr., one 
the locality unknown, the other believed to have been obtained in central 
Kansas. Presented by Mr. Henry Yarrow. 


108. D. punctatus Bd. & Gird. Coluber punctatus Linn., Holbrook, etc. 
Homalosoma punctatum Wagl. Spiletes punctatus Swains. Calamaria punctata 
Schleg. Ablabes punctatus Dum., Bibr., Giinther, Hallowell. 


Three spec. S. Carolina. Dr. Holbrook. 

One oe Morris Co., N. Jersey, Dr. J. C. Fisher. 

One es Bucks Co., Penn. 2 

Two os ? Dr. Bache. 

One* ‘ New Jersey. Mr. Tiffany. 

Four ‘ ? Dr. Halloweli & Smiths. Inst. 
Onet ‘‘(young) Allegheny Co., Pa. Mr. D. C. Trout. 

Two ‘ ? Dr. T. B. Wilson. 

Five ** (young) ? 2 


Var. pallidus nobis. In the number of rows of scales and labial plates and 
collar, similar to punctatus; but the color is a light olive brown, shaded 
with bluish towards the gastrosteges, which it borders. There is no central 
series of spots on the belly. 


One spec. California. Dr. Heermann. 


Var. stictogenys nobis. This may possibly be specifically distinct from 
the punctatus, but it is more probable that in a large suite of specimens 


* This specimen has but seven upper labials, eye resting on third and fourth, 
+ The vertical shield is as broad as long in this specimen. 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, 258 


the distinctions would not be borne out. The number of rows of scales is fif- 
teen; the superior labials are seven, eye resting on third and fourth, as is 
sometimes the case in punctatus. Color above light brownish olive, a 
broad yellow collar, bordered with black asin punctatus. Each gastros- 
tege has a brown dot at its extremity, and the central part of the margin the 
same color, forming a series of transversely elongated spots. Fifth and sixth 
upper labials each with a brown dot. Symphyseal and lower labials with a 
brown dot in the centre of each, two on each anterior geneial, one at the pos- 
terior end of postgeneials and of all the throat scales. 
One specimen, locality and donor unknown. 


109. D. dysopes nobis. Scales in 15 rows ; superior labials eight, eye 
resting on the fourth and fifth ; inferior labials eight. Color above olivaceous 
slate blue, beneath light yellowish brown, with three longitudinal rows of 
spots. A very narrow yellow collar involving a part only of each scale that 
it crosses, and bordered with blackish. Upper borders of superior labials 
(not temporals) black. It is in the form of the head that it it differs from the 
punctatus most strikingly. The muzzle is very short, rounded and de- 
pressed; hence the rostral, frontrals and anterior labials are very small. The 
loreal is a little smaller than the upper postocular. The vertical is small, the 
lateral borders convergent. Superciliaries short and broad, occipitals long, 
bordered by five temporal plates on each side. Breadth of the head at the 
angle of the mouth but little less than the length anterior to the same point. 

One specimen, locality and donor unknown. 

Size equal to that of an adult punctatus. Thoughsmall, this serpent has 
a malignant expression, hence the name. 


Contra Bd. & Grd. Type C. mitis. 


Catalogue Rept. Smiths. Inst. Serpents, p. 110, 1862. 


This genus is allied to Teniophis Girard, but is of astouter and more de- 
pressed form, and has but one nasal plate. The teeth are minute and equal. 


110. C.mitis Bd. & Grd.1. ce. 
One specimen, Petaluma, Cal. Smiths. Institution. 


11l. C. episcopa nobis. Lamprosoma episcopum Kennicott, U. S. and 
Mex. Bound. Survey, ii. pt. ii. p. 22, 1859, pl.xxi. fig. 1. 

It is now the opinion of Mr. Kennicott that this small serpent does not be- 
long to the Lamprosoma of Hallowell. We concur with him in this, and be- 
lieve that it cannot be generically distinguished from the species just preced- 
ing. It resembles certain Calamarian genera, but were its size quadrupled the 
similarity would probably disappear. 


One sp. Rio Seco, Texas, Smiths. Inst. 
Liopuis Wagler. Type L. reginae. 


Natur. Syst. Amphib. p. 187, 1830. Dum. et Bibr. vii. 697, 1854. Giinther, 
Cat. Colubr. Brit. Mus. 42, 1858. Dromicus (Bibron) Dum. Bibr. vii. 646 et 
Gthr. 1. c. 126, pars. Lygophis (Fitz.) Tschudi pars. 

We have included in this genus the Dromicus melanonotus and D. 
lineatus of modern authors. It appears to us impossible to establish any 
generic distinction between these species and the L. reginae, while their 
comparatively short tails will separate them from the slender Dromicus fu gi- 
tivus and congeners. It is here that the coronelline form seems to pass 
into the true colubrine. 


112. L. cobella Wagl. Dum. et Bibr. Gthr. locis citatatis. 


Seven specimens Surinam. Mr. C. Hering. 
Three ce Bt Dr. Hering. 
One ee Ke Dr. Colhoun. 


252 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


One specimen 2 Dr. Wilson. 
One a Para. Col. Abert. 
Two ‘* (young) Surinam. Mr. Wood. 
Two ‘¢ (young) 6c Dr. Colhoun. 


Three of the young specimens have a pair of white dots on the occipital 
plates, asin the Tropidonotes. The transverse, band-like disposition of the 
small white C-like marks, apparent in specimens of this age, remains during 
adult age in some, thus affording a transition to the 


Var. A. Gthr. With distinct transverse light bands. 
One sp. Para. Col. Abert. 


113. L. breviceps nobis. Head short, not very distinct from the body 
Plates of the head similar to those of L. cobella except that the occipital 
plates are shorter ; the vertical is broader, its lateral borders measuring less 
than the anterior ; the rostral is broader ; and there are but seven superior 
labials, the third and fourth entering the orbit. The sixth superior labial 
widens upwards, and supports nearly the whole length of the temporal. In 
L. co bella the upper margin of this plate is shorter than the lower. Two 
postoculars, both in contact with the first temporal. Second temporal large, 
one or two other small ones. One preocular; loral small. Eight inferior 
labials, fifth largest, anterior part in contact with posterior geneials (sixth and 
seventh in cobella). Scales in seventeen rows. Gastrosteges 154, a 
bifid anal, urosteges 54 pair. Total length 17 in. 5 lines. Tail 3 in. 2 lin. 

Color above, a deep brown without a trace of the small white marks of the 
cobella, becoming darker posteriorly, and reaching to the gastrosteges. 
It is crossed by very indistinct darker bands, formed by a single dark scale in 
every other longitudinal row. These bands are two or three scales apart, and 
unite on the flanks, into the black transverse bands of the belly, which are 
irregular and broad, almost excluding the yellow ground in some places. 

One spec. Surinam. Dr. Hering. 

Obs.—Comparison with our specimens of L. co bella has induced us to 
consider this distinct on account of: First, the comparative smallness of the 
head ; second, the shortness of the head shields ; third, the less number of 
labials ; fourth, the form of the sixth superior labial ; lastly, the color ; which, 
however, is of but little importance considered alone. It recalls the genus 
Helicops. 


114. L. Merremii Dum.and Bibr. L. miliaris, poecilogyrus et doliatus 
Wagler. Coluber Merremii, poecilogyrus et doliatus Neuwied, Beitr. und Abbild. 
Bras. Lief. 8. 

Var. A. Gthr. Cat. Brit. Mus. 44. 


Three spec. S. America. 2 
Var. poecilogyrus Neuw.1l.c. 
One sp. S. America. Capt. J. Jameson. 


Our specimen is evidently an adult. 

Var. sublineatus nobis. Olive brown, irregularly varied with black, 
which forms posteriorly an irregular band on each side, asin L. reginae, 
with a bright one above it. 


One spec. (half grown) Bueno’s Ayres. Mr. Kennedy. 
Young, Col. doliatus Neuw. 1. c. 

One spec. & 66 

One spec. Brazil. Garden of Plants. 


115. L. reginae Wagl.l.c. Coluber regine Linn. Col. graphicus Shaw. 
Natrix regine Merr. Coronella regine Schl. Essai, ii. p. 61. Lygophis regi- 
ne Tschudi, Reise in Peru. 

Two sp. Surinam. Dr. Hering. 
One sp. Para. Col. Abert. 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 253 

Var. without temporal spot. 

One sp. Para. Col. Abert. 
Var. without temporal spot or tail streak. 

One sp. Buenos Ayres. Mr. Kennedy. 
Young, muzzle short, neck with transverse blotches. 

One sp. Surinam. Dr. Colhoun. 

One sp. Panama. Dr. Ruschenberger. 


116. L. conirostris Gthr. Cat. Brit. Mus. p. 46. 

The longitudinal dorsal bands are indistinct anteriorly. 
One sp. ? Dr. Wilson. 
One sp. Buenos Ayres. Mr. Kennedy. 


117. L. melanonotus nobis. Coluber melanotus Shaw, Zool. p. 534, 1802. 
Coronella melanotus Boie, Isis, 1827, 532, and C. bilineata ditto. p. 525. ? Col. 
vaninus Bounat. Col. vittatus Hall. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. ii. 242, 1845. Lio- 
phis vittatus Cope, 1. c. 1859, p. 297. 

Ten sp. Near Caraceas. Dr. 8. Ashmead. 
One sp. West Indies. Mr. Engstrom. 


118. L. lineatus nobis. Coluber lineatus Linn. Coronella lineata Boie. 
Lygophis lineatus Fitz. Herpetodryas lineatus Schl. Ess. ii. 191. Dromicus 
lineatus D. & B, vii. p. 655, Gthr. Cat, Brit, Mus. 134, 

Two sp. Surinam. Dr, Hering. 
Two sp. ee Dr. Calhoun. 


Puiocercus nobis. Type P. elapoides. 


Body cylindrical; head scarcely distinct ; tail two-fifths of the total length. 
Cephalic plates normal: two pre-, two postoculars, one loreal, two nasals. 
Anal scute bifid. Scales smooth. Dentition as in Lampropeltis; i. e. the 
posterior superior maxillaries not isolated, longer, much recurved and smooth. 

The great length of the tail separates this genus from Lampropeltis and 
Erythrolamprus: it unites the dentition of the former with the preanal scute 
of the latter. Coronella and Phimothyra nobis have comparatively short tails. In 
Coniophanes the head is more distinct, the body more slender and not so 
firmly cylindrical. 


119. P.elapoides nobis. 

Rostral plated just visible from above: prefontals one third the size of the 
postfrontals. Length and breadth of the vertical plate equal to the suture of 
the occipitals. The latter are oval, and rounded behind. Five marginal 
temporals on each side. Upper preocular large, not reaching the vertical; 
inferior one very small, partially between the third and fourth superior labials. 
Height and length of loreal equal. Eight superior labials, fourth and fifth enter- 
ing the orbit. Inferior labials eight, the last three times as long as the seventh, 
sixth largest ; these three plates border within a large shield which diverges 
from the outer posterior extremity of the posterior geneial. Two equal pairs 
of elongated geneials. Scales in seventeen longitudinal rows. Gastrosteges 
131; urosteges 89 pair. Total length of adult, 19 in. 9 1., tail 7 in. 61. 

Coloration.—The ground color is brilliant red, which encircles the body 
above and below in bands of from four to six scales in width. These are 
separated by triads of black rings including yellow intervals,—ten or eleven 
on the body, one at the anus, and six or seven on the tail. The outer ring 
of each triad is one and a half scales wide, and is not continued on the belly ; 
the yellow interval is of the same width, and the central black ring is three 
and a half or four scales wide. The first triad is upon the head and neck; 
the central black ring is seven or eight scales wide and does not extend upon 
the neck, but involves the ends of the occipitals and the last upper labial. The 
anterior yellow ring crosses the occipitals, and involves one and a half tempo- 


1860.] 


254 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


rals, the sixth, seventh and half the eight upper labials. All the head anterior 
to this is lustrous black, except a narrow oral border of yellow. Chin 
immaculate. Many of the scales of the body are tipped with brown, many 
with black. 

This beautiful species resembles in the distribution of its colors certain 
Elapses—particularly decoratus and Dumerilii. It is a beautiful 
example of analogy of coloring. We have four specimens, one adult, one half 
grown, and two young, which were obtained through the liberality of John 
Cassin, Esq., from Sr. R. M. De Oca who collected them near Jalapa, Mexico. 


LAMPROPELTIs Fitzinger. Type L.Sayi. 


Systema Reptilium, 1843, p. 25, et Sphenophis ead. loc. Ophibolus Baird and 
Girard, Catal. Serp. Smiths. Inst. 1852, p. 82. Coluber, Pseudoéryx, Coronella et 
Ablabes sp. auctorum. 

This group was first defined, and its species enumerated by Profs. Baird and 
Girard, in their ‘‘ Catalogue.’’ In structural peculiarities it fulfils all the 
requisites of a strictly natural group. It represents in America the Coronella 
of the Old World, from which it differs in possessing an undivided postab- 
dominal scutella, and a peculiar form of posterior upper maxillary teeth. 
These are closely set, stout, much compressed and trenchant, with their 
anterior borders rather abruptly curved backwards. It also approaches 
Erythrolamprus, which may be distinguished by the grooved superior maxilla- 
ries, and divided postabdominal scutella. In geographical range it extends from 
Maine (L. triangula) to Panama (L. micropholis.) 

In the Neue Classification der Reptilien of Fitzinger, (1826) p. 55, we find 
that the seventh genus of the nineteenth family of that author, Colubroidea, 
is Pseudoéryx Fitz. There are seven species enumerated, and the Coluber 
doliatus of Linné is the first. Where there is no possibility of ascertaining 
what species an author assigns as the type of his genus, it is the practice of 
naturalists to regard as such that which stands first in his enumeration. 
Adopting that rule in the present instance, we should have to employ Pseu- 
doéryx in place of Lampropeltis of later date—a substitution by no means to 
be desired. Fortunately, however, we believe that Fitzinger did indicate with 
sufficient clearness what type of form he intended to characterize. On page 
29 of the same work he thus characterizes Pseudoéryx : ‘‘ Abdomen scutatum. 
Cauda non compressa. Oculi verticales. Rostrum rotundatum.’’ This dignosis 
at once shows that he considered the third* species on the list—P. Daudinii 
(Dimades plicatilis Gray, )—as the true representative of the genus ; and for 
it, the name Psendoéryx is not inappropriate. This supposition is confirmed 
by the fact that in his Systema Reptilium, published in 1843, hefretains the 
genus, and distinctly assigns P. p licatilis as the type. 


120. L.Sayinobis. Herpetodryas getulus Schlegel, Essai, ii. p. 198, 1837, 
(not Col. getulus Linn). Lampropeltis getulus Fitz. 1. ¢. Coluber Saye 
Dekay, New York Fauna, Reptiles, 41, 1842. 

Coronella Sayi Holbr. N. Amer. Herp. iii. p. 99, 1842. Dum. Bibr. vii. p. 
619, 1853. Gunther Cat. Brit. Mus. p. 41, 1858. Ophibolus Sayi Bd. & Grd. 
Catal. p. 71, 1852. 


Two spec. ? u 

OnemsEs Louisiana, Dr. Hallowell. 

Onew iss ? Dr. Bache. 

One ‘‘ (half grown) Missouri, Gard. of Plants in ex. (as 
Herpetodryas getulus). 

Two ‘‘(young) ? Dr. Hammond. 


__* The diagnosis is equally applicable to the second species P. pyrrhogrammus, 
if that be the Col. erythro gram musofDaudin. The fifth speciesis P, schistosus, 
a la homalopsides. 

[ June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 255 


121. L. splendida nobis. Ophibolus splendidus Bd. & Girard. Catal. p. 83, 
1852. Mex. Boundary Survey, Vol. ii. pt. ii. pl. 14. 
One sp. Ft. Buchanan, Arizona, Smithsonian Institution. 


122. L. getulanobis. Coluber getulus Linn., Harlan, Peale, Gunther, 1. e. 
p- 249. Pseudoélaps getulus Fitz., Neue Class. 1826, p. 56 (not the type.) 
Coronella getula Holbr. Herp. iii. 75. 1842, Dum. Bibr. vii. p. 616. Ophibolus 
getulus, Bd. & Grd. 1. ¢. 72. 


One sp. S. Carolina, Dr. Holbrook. 
Three ‘“ New Jersey, Messrs. Benj. Badger and Peter Doyle. 
Two ‘ (young) ? ? 


The posterior supermaxillary teeth are but little longer than the anterior, 
but are much stouter, and strongly compressed, as in other species of the 
genus. The young may be distinguished from the young of P. Sayi by the 
less number of the transverse bands. In getula they number from 30 to 
45, in Sayi from 70 to 80, they are also more irregular in the latter. 


123. L. Boylii nobis. Ophibolus Boylii Ba. & Girard, Catal. p. 69, 1852. 
Coronella balteata Hallow. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1853, p. 236, U. S. Pac. R. R. 
Exped. Williamson’s Expl. p. 14, pl. 5. 

A fine species, representing the get ula in California. 

Three sp. California, Dr. Heermann. 
Gres Fit Cape St. Lucas, Cal. Smithsonian Institution. 
In this specimen the vertical plate is more elongate than usual, and almost 


trigonal in. outline. Many of the scales in the light transverse bands are 
black at their bases. 


124. L.calligaster xobis. Coluber calligaster ‘“ Say,’’? Harlan, Med. and 
Phys. Res. 122, 1835. Ablabes triangulum var. calligaster Hallowell, Proc. 
Acad. Nat. Sci. 1856, p. 244. Ophibolus Evansii Kenn. Proc. Acad. 1859, p. 99; 

This species is attributed to Say by Harlan and others, but after a most 
careful examination of Long’s Expedition to the Rocky Mountains, we have 
failed to discover any allusion to it by that author. 

In the second volume of that work, p. 330, it is stated that such of the speci- 
mens collected by the expedition as arrived in Philadelphia, were deposited 
in the Philadelphia museum. It was from specimens of the present species in 
that collection that Harlan drew up his description ; and the same are alluded 
to by Dr. Holbrook, N. Amer. Herp. iii. p. 72, where he asserts their identity 
with the Colubereximius. One of these, a stuffed skin, presented to the 
Academy by Dr. Holbrook, and labelled by Dr. Hallowell ‘‘ original specimen,”’’ 
is now before us. We can assert its identity with the Ophibolus Evansii of 
Kennicott both from his description and from comparison with specimens 
collected by Dr. Hammond in Kansas, and described by Hallowell l.c. They 
all have twenty-five rows of smooth scales. 

As to the Scotophis calligasterof Kennicott, l.c., which belongs to a 
genus different from the present, we believe it is a serpent distinct from the 
Coluber calligaster of Harlan, although in the description of the former 
author we read ‘‘there can be no hesitation in referring this species to the 
Coluber calligasterofSay.’’ In order to avoid the confusion which must 
result from the possession of the same specific name by two serpents closely 
resembling each other, and inhabiting the same section of country, we propose 
for the species of Mr. Kennicott the appellationrhinome gas. 

Three sp. Kansas, Dr. Hammond. 
One ‘* Missouri, Dr. Holbrok. 

125. L. rhombomaculata nobis. Coronella rhombomaculata Holbrook, 
N. Amer. Herp. iii. p. 103. 1842. Ophibolus rhombomaculatus Bd. & Grd. 1. ¢. 
p. 73, 1852. 

One sp. Georgia, Dr. Holbrook. 
1860.] 


256 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


126. L.triangula nobis. Le Triangle, Lacep. Hist. Serp. ii. 331, 1789, 
Coluber triangulum Boie, Isis, 1827, p. 537. Col. eximius Dekay, New York 
Fauna, pl. 12, fig. 25, 1842. Harlan, Storer, Holbrook, Giinther. Pseudoélaps Y. 
Berthold. 1843. Ophibolus eximius Baird et Girard, Catalogue, p. 87, 1852. 
Ablatbes triangulum Dum. Bibr. Erp. Gen. vii. 315, 1853. Do. vars. clericus et 
ex:mius Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1856, 245-6. 

The dentition of this species is not different from that characteristic of the 
genus. The posterior upper maxillary teeth are longer and stronger than the 
anterior, though not so much so as in L. Sayi. They are thickly set, so 
compressed as to give them a great antero-posterior diameter, and have a 
rather abrupt posterior curvature. This species cannot be arranged in the 
same genus as Lycodonomorphus rufulus Fitz. (type of Ablabes Dum. & 
Bibr.) which, according to Schlegel and Smith, has the anterior maxillary teeth 
a little longer than the posterior. The tail is one fourth or fifth of the total 
length, while in all the species of Lampropeltis before us, that member is very 
short, being never more than one seventh or one eighth of the totallength. The 
arrangement of this species with the Coluber guttatus is simply the result 
of a mistaking of analogy for affinity. 

We have seen no second specimen which corresponds with the type of Profs. 
Baird and Girard’s Ophibolus clericus in the form of the head and position 
and size of the eye. The specimen alluded to by Dr. Hallowell, 1. c., from New 
Jersey, approximates remotely ir these respects, though resembling it much 
in the number and size of the dorsal spots. We incline to think that no cha- 
racters of specific value can be deduced from these ; there are specimens inter- 
mediate, as respects their size and number, between the highest ineximius 
to the lowest in clericus, as defined in Baird and Girard’s catalogue. And 
there are indifferently one or two rows of spots on the sides. What the true 

_clericus is, more specimens alone can show. 


A. Spots as in ‘‘eximius.”’ 


One spec. ? Dr. Bache. 
Tega Berks Co., Penna. z 

Twor it J ? 

One ‘ ‘©S, Carolina.” ‘*Mr. Jas. Reade.”’ 


B. Spots as in ‘‘clericus.”’ 


Mr. C. C. Abbott. 


One spec. Near Trenton, N. J. 

One’ ** Near Haddonfield, N. J. Dr. G. Watson. 
One <s New Jersey. Mr. S. Ashmead. 
Three spec. Near Philadelphia. Dr. E. Hallowell. 
One vy S. Carolina. 2 

Three ‘‘ ? Dr. Wilson. 

One es ? Dr. Blanding. 
Two A ? ? 


127. L. doliata nobis. Coluber doliatus Linn. Coronella doliata Holbr., 
N. Am. Herp. iii. 105, 1842, pl. 24. Do. var. B, Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. p. 
42. Ophibolus gentilis Bd. et Girard, Catal. p. 77. Marey, Expl. Red Riv. p. 
229 pl. 8. 

In the true Coronella doliata of the Eastern States the black rings form- 
ing each pair, separate on the flanks, and become more or less confluent with 
the adjacent ring of the next pair. The belly is also irregularly varied with 
black. These peculiarities are well represented in Holbrook’s figure. The 
only constant difference observable between eastern specimens and those from 
Kansas, which agree closely* with the descriptions and figure of Oph. gen- 


* Dr. Hallowell (Proc. Acad. 1856, p. 248) speaks of the difference between these speci- 
mens and Baird & Girard’s descriptions as considerable ; to us they appear very slight. 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 257 


tilis Bd. & Grd., is, that in the former the whole of the occipital shields are 
included in the black of the crown, in the latter the tips of those shields are 
crossed by the first yellow band. We do not feel satisfied that this is of spe- 
cific value. 


One sp. Delaware. J. Green. 
seu 68 ee Mr. Drexler. 
one Sf Washington, D. C. Dr. Burtt, U.S. N. 
ce “ec ? ? 
Four sp, Kansas. Dr. Hammond. 
One ‘‘ Creek Boundary. Dr. S. W. Woodhouse. 


128. L. coccinea nobis. Coronella coccinea Schleg., Ess. ii. p. 57, 1837. 
Sphenophis coccinea Fitz. Syst. Rept. 1843, p. 25. Ophibolus doliatus Bd. et 
Grd. 1. c. p. 76, 1852. Calamaria elapsoidea Holbr. N. Am. Herp. iii. p. 119, 
1842, et Osceola elapsoidea Bd. & Grd. col. p. 133, (founded upon specimens 
in which the loreal plate is abnormally absent.) 

This species is closely allied to the preceding, but may be distinguished by 
the following peculiarities: The scales are in seventeen and nineteen rows 
instead of twenty-one. The pairs of rings are fewer in number, (thirteen to 
seventeen on the body,) and do not become confluent on the flanks. The 
belly is not varied with black. From the anterior part of the occipital plates 
to the muzzle the color is red, not white or yellow, and without black pune- 
tulations. The muzzle is depressed, and the superciliary plates are very small, 
giving the eyes a greater vertical field than in the diolata. The tips of the 
occipitals are crossed by the first yellow ring. 

Many of these peculiarities are alluded to in the very accurate description 
of Herr Schlegel, and to us it is perfectly plain that he had the present species 
before him when writing it. The species is probably southern in its distribu- 
tion. 

One sp. Mobile. Dr. Nott. 


FE Georgia. Maj. Le Conte. 
G62? 66 ? ? 


129. L. annulata Kennicott, MSS. This, perhaps the most beautiful 
species of the genus, resembles doliata, but the scales are very broad, and 
the gastrosteges opposite to the red interval of the back are totally black. The 
coniluence of the black rings bordering the red does not take place on the 
scales of the sides. For a more detailed description we refer to Kennicott’s 
forthcoming article, 

_One sp. Texas. Capt. J. P. McCown. 


130. L. micropholis nobis. Scales in twenty-one longitudinal rows, 
small, short and obtuse. Temporal region swollen, giving the depressed head 
an appearance of distinctness. Plates of the head much as in doliata; the 
superciliaries and vertical are however larger, and the longitudinal line of 
suture of the occipitals is only three-fourths the length of the latter plate. 
The outer borders of the occipitals present two posterior divaricating angles, 
and one on each side at the end of the first temporal. Upper labials seven, 
third and fourth entering the orbit. Inferior labials nine, the seventh twice 
as large as the last two together. Other particulars asin doliata, Gastros- 
teges 219; one entire anal; urosteges 43 pair. Total length 16 in. 11 1. ; tail 
2 in. 

The color is a delicate red with a black tip upon each scale. The body is 
completely encircled by ten pairs of jet black rings, which are anteriorly ten 
scales apart, posteriorly seven. The space included in each pair is three or 
four scales wide, and is red—not yellow—each scale having a black tip. The 
tail is ornamented with two pair of black rings anda black tip. Eighteen 
scales anterior to the first pair of rings, a black collar four scales wide encircles 
the neck, scarcely touching the tips of the occipitals. The superciliary 


1860.] 


258 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


vertical, except its anterior border, and the occipitals within a line drawn 
diagonally from the posterior termination of their suture to the lower post- 
ocular, are black. A spot below the eye, one on the chin, and the posterior 
borders of most of the other plates of the head are black. 


One sp. Panama, Dr. John L. Le Conte. 


131. L. polyzona nobis. Size larger than the three preceding species, 
body firmly cylindrical ; scales large, lanceolate, in twenty-one or twenty-three 
rows. Head scarcely distinct. Greatest length of vertical plate a little greater 
than breadth, which latter is a little greater than length of occipital suture. 
Rostral large, full, postfrontals large, occipitals more elongate than in micr o- 
pholis. One pre- two postoculars, loreal longer than high; upper labials 
seven, eye over the third and fourth, first in contact with loreal.* Inferior 
labials nine. 

Gastrosteges (1) 214, (2) 215; an anal; urosteges (1) 49, (2) 41. Total 
length (1) 3 ft. 5 in., (2) 3 ft. 3 in. 6 1.; tail (1) 6 in. (2) 5 in. 91. 

The ground color above and below is bright red; the scales are largely 
tipped with black. In specimen No. 1 there are twenty-seven pairs of black 
rings on the body and tail. In a few instances the double rings become con- 
fluent, forming an elongate annular spot. The gastrosteges are irregularly 
spotted with black, and are almost entirely of that color where the rings cross 
the belly. Specimen No. 2, which we take to be more typical, is ornamented 
with twenty-eight pairs of rings only three or four scales apart, and perfect on 
the belly. In both the pairs include a space but one and a half scales wide, of 
a pale reddish above, more yellow below. A black collar involves the tips of 
the occipitals and the last superior labial. In front of this a yellow band 
crosses the occipitals. The rest of the head is black, a few scales with pale 
borders, which hue predominates on the chin.f 
(2) one sp. Quatupe, near Jalapa, Mex. Mr. Pease. 

CLs Jalapa. Jno. Cassin, (De Oca coll.) 

Var. A. Seales in the rings of the ground color without black tips. Nine- 
teen pairs of rings on the body. 

One sp. Mexico. Mr. Keating. 

The var. C of Coronella doliata, in Brit. Mus. Catalogue, p. 42, may belong 
to this species. 


EryTHROLAMPRUS Boie. Type E. venustissimus, 
Isis von Oken 1826, p. 981. 


* This may not be a constant character; in do] iata it occurs occasionally, but not at 
allin our specimens of co ccinea: 

t In another specimen of this species, taken in the hills west of Vera Cruz by Dr. Sar- 
torius, and sent to the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, there are 13 rows of scales, 
and twenty pairs of black rings not separated the width of one scale. 

Another specimen in the Museum Smiths. Inst. resembles our var. A—having the scales 
in twenty-one rows without black tips, and twenty-one pairs of black rings on the body. 
It differs from it in having no yellow marking whatever upon it, and in the black rings 
being but one scale and a half wide instead of three, and in the smaller size. The first 
black ring does not touch the occipital plates, in this resembling the coccinea, which 
differs in having nineteen rows of scales, and yellow rings. The head and plates are 
broad and short, the scales as in doliata, and more lanceolate than inannulata 
Kenn. Though loth to add another to the already difficult series of red Lampropeltes, 
the more we have thought of it the more are we impressed with the belief that this is 
deserving of recognition as a species. Unite it with any species with which we are ac- 
quainted, and the characters which distinguish all the species in the series from trian- 
gula to micro pholisare invalidated. We propose that it be called L. amaura. 
Locality unknown. 

For the opportunity of examining and describing these and other specimens noticed in 
this paper, in the National Museum of the Smithsonian Institute, Washington, we are 
indebted to the liberality of its distinguished officers Profs. Henry and Baird, 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 259 


132. E. intricatus Dum. and Bibr. vii. p. 855. : 
Var. scales of the white (red or yellow) spaces without black tips. 
One sp. 5. America, Dr. Neill. 


133. E. venustissimus Boie, l.c. Coronella venustissima Schl, Essai ii, 
p. 53. Erythr. venustissimus Dum. Bibr. vii. 851, Giinther Cat. Brit. Mus. 47. 
Var. B. Dum. Bibr. 
Two sp. S. America, Mr. Cuming in ex. 
Var.? Head black from a single collar forward, except anterior halves of 
upper labials, which are red. The vertical plate appears to be broader 
anteriorly than ordinarily, but the specimen is not in sufficiently good state of 
preservation to offer distinct characters. 
One sp. S. America, Dr. Strain. 


134. E. Aesculapii Wagler, Nat. Syst. Amphib. 187. Dum. et Bibr. vii. 
p. 845.  Coronella venusta Schleg. Essai, i. p, 135. 

Var. D. Dum. Bibr. 1. c. p. 849. 

One sp. Surinam, Dr. Hering. 

In this specimen twenty-two pairs of reddish brown rings encircle the body 
from head to tail. These bands are three and a half scales wide and are sepa- 
rated by equal light spaces of one scale in width. It is only on the belly that 
the former appear in pairs. Head asin the true Aesculapii. A species? 

Var. E. nobis. 

The distribution ofcolors on the head as usual, Twelve pairs of black rings, 
those of each pair becoming confluent on the middle of the back. The broad 
interspaces are shaded with browr, which is deeper on the tip of each scale. 

This variety (a species ?) resembles the C of Dumeril & Bibron, where the 
rings composing the pairs are separated by a very narrow interval, and the 
spaces between the pairs are very dark. 

One spec. Surinam, Dr. Colhoun. 


135. E. albostolatus nobis. 

Number of the plates of the head the same as in the venustissimus. 
In form, the fifth and sixth upper labials are narrower and higher; and the 
formulas, vertical, and superciliaries, are broader. The eye is larger, the 
temporal region more swollen, and the whole head deeper and more obtuse. 
Rows of scales fifteen. Gastrosteges, 167 ; one divided anal ; urosteges, 48. 

The ground color of the upper and under surface of this serpent is white, 
as a note made by Mr. Samuel Ashmead, its discoverer, at the time of its 
capture, informs us. This is crossed on the body, by ten or thirteen black 
single rings four or five scales wide, and from seven to twelve scales apart. 
Another ring crosses at the anus, and there are two double rings on the tail. 
The scales in the white intervals are broadly tipped with black. The distri- 
bution of color on the head, much asin E. venustissimus. There is 
a broad black collar which crosses the tips of the occipitals and does not 
encircle the throat. The fifth and sixth upper labials, the first temporal, the 
tips of the plates adjoining them posteriorly, and a spot on the occipitals, are 
white. The rostral, first two labials, nasals and loreal are bordered with the 
same, the rest of the head is black. Chin immaculate. 

One specimen. Jijuca, near Rio Janeiro, Mr. S. A. Ashmead. 
One we 2 2 


Scotecopuis Fitz. Type S. atrocinctus. 


Systema Reptilium, 1842, p. 25. Homalocranion Dum. & Bibr. viii. 855. 
Gunther, Cat. Brit. Mus. 18. 


136. S. zonatus nobis. laps zonatus Hallowell, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
New Series, vol iii. p. 35. 
This species is very similar tothe S. atrocinectus of Chili. It differs 


1860.] 


260 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


in having the seventh superior labial larger than the sixth, and in having 
four large temporals on each side, of equal size, one smaller above the last 
labial, and two still smaller at the end of each occipital. The breadth of the 
head at the temples is equal tothe length from the muzzle to the extremity 
of the occipital suture. There are forty-five black rings on the body and tail, 
which leave white interspaces, wider upon the back than the flanks. Only 
the white scales on the latter region are tipped with black. The anal scute 
is divided. 

One specimen. Honduras, Dr. 8S. W. Woodhouse. 


PsevpospoA Schneider. Type P. corona ta. 


Hist. Amphib. Fasc. ii. p. 286, 1801. Scytale Boie, Isis, 1826, 981, (not of 
Merrem.) Wagler, Natur. Syst. 187. Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 996. Giinther, 
Cat. Brit. Mus. 187. Olisthenes, Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1859, p. 296. 

Schneider’s name for this genus possesses the right of priority over that of 
Merrem. The almost universal acceptation of the latter by herpetologists, is 
also the more to be regretted as the type is not known. The relative num- 
ber of the gastro- and urosteges in the Scytale anguiformis of Merrem 
renders its identity with Erythrolamprus venustissimus very improb- 
able. 


137. P. coronata Schneider. Scytale coronatum Boie. Wagler, Dum. & 
Bibr. Giinther, ete. Lycodon cloelia, var. Schl. 


One specimen. Caraccas, Mr. W. G. Bolton. 

One ae Panama, Drs. Gallaer and LeConte. 
138. P. Neuwiedinobis. Dum. & Bibr., vii. p, 1001, Olisthenes enphaeus 

Cope, l. «. 

One specimen. 8. America, Ed. D. Cope. 


Oxyropus Wagler. Type O. petolarius. 


Natur. Syst. Amphib., 1830, p, 185. Hydroscopus et Deiropeda Fitz, Syst. 
Rept. 1843, p. 26, Brachyruton Dum, & Bibr. vii, p, 1004, 1854. 


139. O.plumbeus Gthr. Coluber plumbeus Wied. Abbild. xii. pl. 6. 
Duberria (1824) et Hydroscopus (1843) plumbeus Fitz. Brachyruton plumbeum, 
D. et B. 


One specimen. Cayenne, Gard. plants in ex, 
One fF Surinam, Dr. Hering. 
One as ? Dr. Wilson, 
One — Trinidad, Dr, Watson. 


140. O. melanocrotaphus nobis This serpent resembles the O. 
cloelia, but may be distinguished from it, first, by the form of the head 
and the distribution of colors on it (second), and third, by the relative 
length of the tail. 

The profile of the muzzle is very rounding and obtuse, and its sides nearly 
plane; the head is deep. Eight upper labial plates, third, fourth and fifth, 
entering the orbit. Loreal large, as high aslong. Anterior border of the 
vertical plate not greater than the length of the lateral borders, The latter 
are slightly concave, and scarcely or not at all convergent. Three temporals 
on the exterior border, the first twice as large as the second, and bounding 
the sixth and seventh upper labials. Preocular large ; one narrow postocular, 
which will probably be found to be divided in other specimens. Inferior 
labials eight. Geneials two pair, broad. Scales in nineteen longitudinal 
rows. Gastrosteges 161, one entire anal, urosteges 45. Total length 25 in. 
9 lines. Tail 4in. 11., less than one sixth of total length; incloeliait is 
a little more than one fifth, 

Coloration. The whole upper surface of the body and tail is of a pale yel- 
lowish or brownish gray, many scales with one or two borders pure white. 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 261 


The plates of the head and chin are of a deeper tint, possibly red in life, 
Parts of the post-ocular and sixth and seventh superior labials, the whole of 
the eighth labial and the temporals, are covered by a black spot on each side, 
which unites upon the nape of the neck with that of the opposite side. One 
specimen, locality and donor unknown. 


141. O, cloelia Gthr. Coluber cloelia Daudin.  Clelia Daudinii Fitz. 


1826, Cloelia occipitalis Wagl. 1830. Deiropeda cloelia Fitz, 1843. Bra- 
chyruton cloelia Dum, & Bibr. 1853, 


One sp, Surinam. Dr. Hering. 
One ‘‘ Cocuyas de Veraguas N. Grenada. Mr, R. W. Mitchell. 
One ‘‘ Isth. of Panama. Drs, Gallaer and LeConte. 
One ‘* Caraccas. Dr, Morris. 
142. O. immaculatus Dum. & Bibr. vii. 1029, 
Two sp. S. America. Capt. Jameson. 
143. O. petolarius Wagler. Dum. & Bibr. vii. 1033. 
One sp. Surinam, Dr. Hering. 
One ‘‘ (young) ? ls 


Var. The black bands occasionally dividing, alternating and becoming con- 
finent on the back, The loreal plate entering the orbit. 
One half grown spec. Is. of Panama. Drs. Gallaer and LeConte. 


144. 0. trigeminus Dum. § Bibr. vii. 1013. Lycodon formosus Schl. 


One sp. Bahia. Gard. Plants in ex, 
One ‘‘ S. America, Dr. Wilson, (Bp, Coll. pres. by Dr. DeKay.) 
LYCODONTINA. 


Boébpon Dum. & Bibr. Type B. unicolor. 
Erpetologie Generale, vii. p. 357, 1854, 


145, B. virgatus nobis. Coelopeltis virgata Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. 
Sei. vii. p. 98, 1854. Boddon nigrum Fischer, Abhandl. aus dem Gebiete der 
Naturwissensch. Hamburg, iii. 91,1856. ?% Boddon capense A. Duméril, Rev. 
et Mag. de Zoologie 1856, 464. Boddon quadrivirgatum Hallow. Proc. Phila. 
Acad. 1857, p. 56. 

Four sp. Gaboon. Dr. Ford. 
One ‘* Liberia. Mr. E. T. Cresson. 

Our specimens correspond exactly with the description of Dr. J. G. Fischer, 
so that we have no doubt as to their belonging to the same species. Prof. 
Dumeéril loc. sup. cit. identifies the Coelopeltis virgata of Hallowell with 
the Bodden capensis D. &. B., and there is a possibility that the specimen 
received by him from the Acad. Mus. belongs to the latter species. Our speci- 
mens, however, presented by Dr. Ford, and subsequently described by Dr. Hal- 
lowellasB,quadrivirgatum, andstated by him to be identical with his 
C. virgata, cannot be identified with the B. capense. The former has 
twenty one and twenty-three longitudinal rows ofscales, the later twenty-nine 
or thirty-one. 

146. B. quadrivittatus Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1857, p. 54. 
One sp. Isles de Los (off Sierra Leon.) Dr. Burtt, U. S. N. 

A fine species, resembling probably the Capense, but with twenty seven 
rows of scales and a different disposition of the bands on the muzzle. 


Lycopuipion Fitz. Type L. Horstokii. 
Syst. der. Rept. p. 27. 


147. L. laterale Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1857, p. 58. 

A Lycophidion with the coloration of a Boédon. The pupil is round; the 
anterior nasal plate almost reaches the edge of the lip, and wants but little 
of meeting its fellow over the rostral. 

One sp. Gaboon. Dr. H. A. Ford. 
1860. ] 


262 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Hormonotus Hallowell. Type H. audax. 


Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1857, p. 56. 

A genus agreeing with Lamprophis F’tz., in having a larger series of verte- 
bral scales, but differing in the elongated compressed body, and angular gas- 
trosteges. 


148. H. audax Hallow. 1. ¢. 
One sp. Gaboon. Dr. H. A. Ford. 

The form of the body, and color of this species, bear some analogy to those 
of the Boiga pulverulenta, just as the Boddons and Lycophidions 
resemble the Brachycranion and Atractaspis. The subject of the pre- 
valence of peculiar shades and arrangement of colors, throughout certain geo- 
graphical districts, is one of much interest to the zoologist. The smoky and 
fuscous colors of the serpents just alluded to are repeated among birds in the 
Nectarinia fuliginosa, the genera Andropadus, Drymoeca, Artemyias, etc. 
The Euprotodon (Lycodon) of the East Indies in the distribution and often in 
the shade of its colors, resembles very much the venomous Bungarus and 
Elaps (Calliophis) of the same countries. 

The Elaps of South America is represented in the same region by the black 
and red-ringed Oxyrhopes, the Erythrolamprus, Pliocercus, Lampropeltis etc. 


?Lycopon Boie. Type L. aulicus. 


Isis, 1827, p. 551, num p. 521? Schlegel (pars) Ess. ii. p. 106. Fitzinger, 
Neue Class. p. 29. Dume et Bibr. vii. p. 367. Giinther 1. ¢. p. 201. 

We have strong doubts of the propriety of retaining the name Lycodon for 
this genus, inasmuch as Boie first proposed it for the Colubaraud ax Linn. 
a species of widely different affinities. Fitzinger in the ‘‘ Neue Classification’’ 
removed this species to the genus Dipsas, rightly estimating the differences 
between it and those for which he retained the name Lycodon. He afterwards 
(‘‘Systema Reptilium,’’ p. 29,) made the same species the type of his genus 
Siphlophis. Dumeéril l. c. p. 354, follows Fitzinger in the application of the 
name Lycodon, and quotes Boie’s original diagnosis as more particularly ap- 
propriate to the C. aulicus and congeners. As however Boie says ‘‘ dentes 
colubrini’’ of the Psammophis and Dipsas, it must be equally appropriate to the 
C. audax. This latter species isthe type of Lycognathus Dum., fam. Anisodon- 
tiens, Opisthoglyphes. 

In deference to authority we propose no change ; butif herpetologists should 
ever see fit to apply the name Lycodon to the Lycognathus scolopax 
(=audaz) of Duméril, the present genus might be appropriately called 
Euprotodon, and the subfamily Euprotodontine. 


149. L. aulicus Boiel.c. Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 369. JZ. hebe Schieg. 
Var. A., Dum. & Bibr. 


One sp. ? Mr. R. Oakford. 
Var. B., Dum. & Bibr. 
One sp. India. Dr. Burroughs. 
One ‘‘ + Gard. of Plants in ex. 
Var. F., Dum. & Bibr. 
One sp. Java, Dr. Ruschenberger. 
Seven sp. Philippine Is. Mr. Cuming in ex. 


Evumgsopon nobis. Type E. semicarinatus. 


Palatine teeth of equal length. Mandibular teeth in a continuous series, 
much longer and stronger anteriorly. Superior maxillary teeth in two slightly 
separated series, those of the anterior long, but increasing regularly in length 
posteriorly ; the posterior small in front, but terminating in one or two very 
long, trenchant, smooth teeth. 

Form elongate, stout ; tail short ; gastrosteges bent on the flanks. Head 


[J une, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 268 


distinct, the shields broad ; muzzle prominent. Two nasals, two postoculars, 
one preocular, the loreal sometimes reaching the orbit beneath it. 
either smooth or partially carinate. Pupil elliptical. 

The serpents for which we propose this name are colubrine in form, but 
possess a peculiar dentition, most resembling that of Dinodon and Odontomus 
Dum. & Bibr. From both these forms they differ in having the anterior pala- 
tines no longer than the posterior (7. e. pterygoids), and the posterior su- 
perior maxillaries abruptly longer than the three or four which precede them. 


150. E. semicarinatus nobis. Head depressed, conic, the width at 
the eighth labial plate less than half the length. Muzzle rounded conic, pro- 
minent, acute in profile. Pupil? Body cylindrical, tail one-fourth of total 
length. Scales short, obtuse, in seventeen longitudinal rows ; anteriorly 
smooth, near the middle of the body three or four rows, and finally seven or 
eight, having distinct keels on the anterior half of each scale. Those of the 
tail smooth. No larger vertebral series. Rostral plate exhibiting a large 
crescentic inferior surface ; superior surface large, presenting an obtuse angle 
between the prefrontals. Postfrontals three times the size of the prefrontals. 
Vertical broad, short, pentagonal, the anterior border greater than the lateral, 
and equal to the greatest length of the plate. Superciliaries not acute in front. 
Occipitals elongate, not bifnrcate, bordered by two large temporals on each 
side. The anterior of these is narrow, and separated from the sixth and 
seventh labials by a broader and shorter plate, both in contact with the post- 
oculars. The posterior is broad, and bordered by two others on its postero- 
inferior border. 

Superior labials eight, third, fourth and fifth entering the orbit. Two post- 
one preocular. Loreal low, elongate, acute behind, not reaching the orbit. 
Nasal plates two, nostril large. Inferior labials ten, geneials two pair. 

Coloration. Above yellowish brown, crossed by forty-two large black spots. 
The scales which fall in the border of each spot are absolutely black, but those 
enclosed have a large central spot of the ground-color. The latter appears 
above as light transverse bands one scale wide. There are seventeen spots on 
the tail, darker than those of the body. Head above brownish black, con- 
tinuous with the first dorsal spot. From the posterior extremity of each occi- 
pital plate a yellowish band proceeds outwards and backwards, uniting with 
an area of the same color which extends from the throat upon the sides of the 
neck. In the centre of this area is a brownish black spot. Spottings of yel- 
lowish on the temporal plates form an irregular postocular band, and another 
equally indefinite and irregular extends from the eye round the muzzle. Su- 
perior labials (except their edges) chin, throat, belly and under surface of tail 
brownish yellow. The ends of the gastrosteges on the flanks, partly in- 
cluded in a series of spots which alternate with the larger ones of the back. 
Urosteges spotted with blackish. Gastrosteges 221; one entire post-abdomi- 
nal; urosteges 92 pair. Total length, 37 inches; the tail 9 in. 3 lines. One 
specimen, captured by Mr. Heine of the U. 8S. Japan expedition at Loo Choo, 
presented by the Smithsonian Inst. 


151. E.striatus nobis. Coronella striata Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
1856, p. 152. 

This serpent resembles the preceding in many points—remarkably in tbe 
dentition—yet presents differences which may at some time be regarded as 
generic. The entrance of the loral plate into the orbit, the smooth scales, with 
the vertebral series slightly larger, and the elliptic pupil, approximate it to the 
Dinodon cancellatum Dum. & Bibr. In the palatine and superior maxil- 
lary teeth the differences are of a kind which would be considered generic by 
the authors of the Erpetologie Generale. In specific characters there is much 
resemblance, but our serpent has fewer urosteges, there being 70 to 193 gas- 
trosteges ; in the Dinodon 168 to 194. The spots above are reddish brown, not 
black ; and the belly is not punctulated posteriorly. 

We at one time thought that our specimen belonged to the Lycodon ru fo- 


1860.] 


Scales 


264 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


zonatus Cantor, Ann. et Magaz. Nat. Hist. 1842, p. 483, and that long im- 
mersion in spirits had destroyed the lighter colors. We now believe the ani- 
mals to be distinct, but nearly allied. 

Two specimens and head. Ningpo. Dr. McCartee. 


DIPSADIN. 


Boiea Fitzinger. Type B. irregularis. 


Neue Class. der Reptilien, pp. 29, 60, 1826. Triglyphodon Dumeéril, Pro- 
drome de la Class. Ophid. p. 111, 1852. Erp. Gen. vii. p. 1069, 1854. Diépsas 
Schleg. Essai, ii. p. 257, 1837. Fischer, Abhdl. aus Gebiete Wissensch. Hamb. 
iii. p. 81, 1856. Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. p. 169, 1858, (not of Laurenti, 1768.) 
Gonyodipsas, Cephalophis et Macrocephalus Fitz. Syst. Rept. 27, 1843. Toztco- 
dryas Hallow. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1857, p. 60. 

This is the genus Dipsas as understood by Giinther l.c. We have, however, 
not followed this author in the application of a name, since that employed by 
him was given to another and allied form, long previously. Some time subse- 
quent to the first use of Dipsas, the present genus received the barbarous ap- 
pellation of Boiga (!). This we would gladly resign in favor of Triglyphodon 
Duméril, but dates are inexorable. Vae serioribus. 


152. B. dendrophila zobis. Dum. Bibr. l. c. p. 1086. Dipsas dendro- 
phila Reinw. et auctorum. 
One sp. Java. Garden of Plants. 


153. B. Blandingii nobis. Dipsas Blandingii Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phila. ii. p. 170, 1844. Triglyphodon fuscum Dum. Bibr. vii. p. 1101, 1854, 
(not B. fus ca. =Dendrophis fusca Gray, Zool. Misc. 1842, p. 54). Dipsas valida 
Fischer, loc. cit. 1856. Gthr. loc. cit. p. 172, 1858. Toxicodryas Blandingii 
Hallow. loc. cit. p. 60, 1857. Our specimens of this fine and interesting dipsa- 
dien agree very nearly with the description and figures of Fischer. The two 
preoculars and divided anal shield are striking characters,* and it exhibits a 
relationship to Ophiodon Dum. and Bibr. in its elongate anterior maxillaries, 
On these peculiarities, but especially from the fact that our specimens have but 
a single grooved tooth on each side, Dr. Hallowell proposed his genus Toxico- 
dryas. The latter character is, however, inconstant, for Fischer states that his 
specimen had two such teeth on each side, and Duméril, that his had three. 
The elongation of the anterior maxillary and palatine teeth does not appear 
to us sufficiently distinctive to afford generic characters, nor are the other 
peculiarities of sufficient importance. 


154. B. pulverulenta nobis. Dipsas pulverulenta Fischer, Abhandl, der 
Naturwissensch. in Hamburg, ii. p. 81. Taf. iii. f. 1. GUnther, Cab. Brit. Mus. 
p. 173. 

One sp. Liberia. Mr. HE. T. Cresson. 

A beautiful specimen, having the lateral spots obsolete anteriorly. There is 
in this species, also, but one groved superior maxillary. 

155. B.multimaculata nobis. Dipsas multimaculata Reinw. et Auct- 
orum. Erp. Gen. vii. p. 1139. 

One sp. Java. ? 
Hiwantopes Dum. & Bib. Type H. cenchoa. 

Erp. Gen. vii. p. 1064. Dipsas Boie, Isis, 1827, p. 521. Fitzinger, Syst. Rept. 
27, 1843. 

This genus unites the short, flat head of the true Dipsas, (Leptognathus D. 
& B. Gthr.) with the dentition of the preceding genus. The tail is very long and 
slender. 


156. H. cenchoa Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 1065. Coluber cenchoa Linn. Dipsas 


* Also possessed by Boiga gl1obiceps =Dipsas globiceps Fisch, I. c. 
[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 265 


cenchoa Wied. Boie, Wagler, Gintherl.c. p. 174. Dipsas Weigelii Schleg. ii. 

p. 278. Fitz. Syst. Rept., p. 27. 

One sp. Near Isalco, San Salvador. Capt. J. M. Dow. 
Our specimen has the preoculars united, which peculiarity appears to be 

not uncommon. The dorsal spots connected by a narrow, often irregular 

brown vitta. 


Tripanureus Fitz. Type T.leucocephalus. 
Systema Reptilium. 1843, p. 27. 


157. T. leucocephalus Fitz. Coluber leucocephalus Mikan. Col. com- 
pressus Oppel. Dipsadomorphus compressus Fitz. Dipsas leucocephalus Schleg. 
Lycognathus leucocephalus Dum. & Bibr. Eudipsas leucocephalus Gthr. 

One sp. ” 2 
Diesas Laurenti. Type D. Indica. 

Specimen Synopsis Reptilium, p. 89,1768. Dipsadomorus, Petalognathus et 
Leptognathus Dum. & Bibr. vii. pp. 463,477, 1854. Leptognathus Giinther, Cat. 
Brit. Mus., p. 177, 1858. Pholidolemus Sibynomorphus et Sibynon Fitz. Syst. 
Rept., 27, 1843. 

The genus Dipsas has been variously understood and defined by herpetolo- 
gical authors. As four distinct groups have been designated by this name, in 
order to avoid further confusion we have employed it for that to which it was 
first applied. In the Synopsis Reptilium of Laurenti, which bears date 1768, 
the name was first proposed, with an appropriate ‘‘character,” and D. Indica 
Laur. was indicated as the typical and only species. In 1852 Duméril made 
the same species the type of his genus Dipsadomorus, and in 1858 Giinther 
placed it in Leptognathus Dum. We next find the genus Dipsas characterized 
at length by Boie in his invaluable contribution to herpetology, in the Isis von 
Oken for 1827, and D. cenchoa assigned as the type. This species is the 
Himantodes of Duméril, 1852. In the Regne Animal, 1829, we find the genus 
as proposed by Laurenti retained, and of all modern authors Cuvier is the 
only one who does so. In 1830 the Naturlich System der Amphibien of Wagler 
appeared. Here Dipsas dendrophila Rein. is considered typical of the 
genus; and in this he is followed by the great ophidiologist Schlegel, in the 
‘“‘Kssai,” in 1837. The group of which this species is a typical example was 
named Triglyphodon by Duméril in 1852, but is the Boiga of Fitzinger, 1826. 

Fitzinger, in the Systema Reptilium, 1843, cites Dipsas cenchoa, 
(‘‘ Weigelii”) as the type of the genus, following Boie. Phillippo de Phillippi, 
in the Catalogue of Serpents in the Museum of the University of Pavia, 1849, 
follows Wagler and Schlegel. 

In the Prodrome de la Classification des Reptiles Ophidiens, vol. xxiii, of the 
memoirs of the French Academy, 1852, and afterward in the Erp. Generale, 
Duméril considers Dipsas trigonat a the type of the genus. In 1843, 
Fitzinger proposed Dipsadomorphus for the same species. Finally, in 1858, in 
the Catalogue of Colubrine Snakes in the British Museum, Dr. Giinther places 
D.multimaculata first among the species, and so characterizes the genus 
as to be nearly coextensive with Triglyphodon, Duméril, including also 
Himantodes of the latter. 

Believing the genera of Dipsadinze as defined by Giinther, to be, on the 
whole, more natural than those of other authors, we have adopted them here, 
simply employing the name Dipsas for that called by him Leptognathus, and 
Boiga for his Dipsas. 


158. D. nebulata Boie, 1. c. Coluber nebulatus Linn. 1754, Col. variegatus 
Hallow. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. ii. p. 244, 1845. Dipsas nebulata Schleg. 


Hssai, ii. p. 275. Sibynon nebulata Fitz. 1. c. Petalognathus nebulatus Dum. & 
Bibr., 1. c. Leptognathus nebulatus Giinther, l.c. 


One specimen, Surinam, Dr. Hering. 
One 6 ue Dr. Colhoun. 
Two “ Near Caraccas, Mr. Ashmead. 


1860.] 17 


266 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


159. D. pavonina Cuvier, MSS., Schlegel, Essai, ii. p. 280. Leptognathus 
pavoninus Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 474, Giinther, l.c. 179. 


One specimen, S. America. ? 


160. D. brevis nobis. Leptognathus brevis Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 476. 
One specimen. Cocuyas de Veraguas, New Grenada, R. W. Mitchell. 
Our specimen of this rare species has but one preocular plate ; its form too, 
is no less slender than that of our D. pavonina, which, however, may 
not be fully grown. Otherwise it coincides with the description cited. The 
dark brown of the upper surface of the head is marked with small, irregular 
spots of white. 


Srzon Fitzinger. Type S. annulata. 


Neue Classification der Reptilien, 1826, p. 60. Leptodeira Fitz., Systema 
Reptilium, 27, 1843. Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. p. 165. 


161. S. annulata Fitz. l.c. Coluber annulatus Linn. Dipsas annulata 
Schleg. Essai, ii. p. 294, Dum. & Bibr., vii. 1141. Leptodetra annulata Fitz. 
et Gthr. 1. ¢. 

Scales in nineteen or twenty-one rows. 


a. With an undulating dorsal band. Var. A. Dum. & Bibr. 


Six specimens. Surinam, Dr. Hering. 
b. With isolated, sometimes geminate spots. Var. B. Dum. & Bibr. 

Five specimens. Caraccas, Mr. Ashmead. 

One as or W. G. Bolton. 

One L Isth. Panama. Dr. LeConte. 

Four ‘< S. America, Mr. H. Cuming, in ex. 

Scales in twenty-three rows. 

Two specimens. Honduras, J.S. Hawkins & Dr. LeConte. 

One ee Near Volcano Isalco, San Salvador, Capt. John M. Dow. 

One “ Xalapa, John Cassin, Esq. (De Oca coll.) 

Two af ? 2 


There is much difference in the appearance of the specimens of this species 
which come from the extreme points of distribution represented in our collec- 
tion, viz. Surinam and Xalapa. As has been observed by authors, those from 
the more southern localities, have more slender bodies and tails, and hence, 
fewer longitudinal rows of scales, and the head is more distinct. The whole 
‘‘ physiognomy’”’ is more that of the arborial Dipsadiens. This is more striking 
in a specimen where the vertebral rows of scales in places is slightly, but dis- 
tinctly larger than the others. From the Stomach of a Surinam specimen we 
took an adult Hyla; from one from Caraccas, a Thecadachylus rapicaudus. 

Specimens from Mexico exhibit a stouter, heavier form of body, a greater 
number of longitudinal rows of scales, andashorter tail. Tbey seldom, if ever, 
have the dorsal spots confluent into a band, strictly speaking, as in the var. A. 
Dum. & Bibr. Their aspect is that of a terrestrial species. 

That these forms are really distinct species, is possible, but it could only be 
demonstrated with large series of specimens from carefully ascertained locali- 
ties, if at all. Some of the specimens from Caraccas and Panama, are very 
intermediate as respects the peculiarities mentioned. 

Dipsas septentrionalis Kennicott, (Mexican Boundary Survey, ii. 
Reptiles, p. 16, pl. viii. fig. 1,) belongs to this genus. The grooving of the 
posterior upper maxillaries is not represented in the fig. 2, pl. 22,1. c. It 
seems to resemble northern forms of 8S. annulata; but has the nasals and 
prefrontals differently proportioned, etc. It has three preoculars but we not 
unfrequently find one or more supplementary preoculars in theannulata. 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 267 


Synonymy of the Cyclades, a family of Acephalous Mollusca. Part 1. 
BY TEMPLE PRIME. 
Family CYCLAS, Fer. 
Genera. 


. GaLaTEA, Brug. 
Pectunculus, Lister. Venus, Chemn. Donaz, Perry. Tellina, Dillwyn. 
Chama, Favanne. Lgeria, De Roissy. Megadesma, Bowditch. Potamophila, 
Sowerby. Galateola, Fleming. Trigona, Schum. 


GLAUCONOME, Gray. 
Solen, Linn. Glauconomya, Bronn. 
Cyprina, Lamk. 
Pectunculus, Lister. Cardia, Olafsen. Venus, Linn. Arctica, Schum. 
Vexorita, Gray. 1834. 
Cyrena, Valence. 1838. 
CorprcuLa, Megerle. 1811. 
Tellina, Miller, 1774. Venus, Chemn. 1782. Cyclas, Brug. 1792. Oyrena, 
Lamk., 1818. Venulites, Schl., 1820. 
Cyrena, Lamk. 1818. 
Venus, Chemn., 1769. Cyclas, Brug., 1792. Cyanocyclas, Fer., 1818. Poly-, 
mesoda, Rafin., 1820. Mactra, Brongt., 1823. Geloina, Gray, 1844. 
Batissa, Gray. 1854. 
Cyprina, Cyclas, Brug., 1792. Cyrena, Lamk. 1818. 
SPHzRIuM, Scopoli. 
Pectunculus, Lister, 1685. Musculus, Gualt. 1742. Tellina, Linn., 1758. 
Spherium, Scop., 1777. Cardium, Da Costa, 1778. Cyclas, Brug., 1792. Nux, 


Humphr. 1797. Musculium, Link. 1807. Cornea, Pisum, Megerle. 1811. 
Corneocyclas, Fer., 1818. Amesoda, Rafin., 1820. Pisidium, Verany, 1846. 
Cycladites, Krug, 1848. 

Pisipium, Pf. 1821. 

Pectunculus, List., 1685. Musculus, Gualt., 1742. Tellina, Miiller, 1774. 
Spherium, Scop. 1777. Cardium, Poli. 1791. Cyclas, Lamk. 1818. Pera, 
Euglesia, Cordula, Leach, 1820. Physemoda, Raf., 1820. Gallileja, Da Costa, 
1839. Pisum, Gray, (non Megerle), 1847. Musculium, Gray, (non Link), 
1851. 

Species.* 
VeELorRITA, Gray. 

1. V. Cyprinoides, Gray. Grif. Cuvier, pl. 31, f. v. 1834. 

Cyrena Cyprinoides, Gray. Ann. Phy. n. ser. ix. 136. 1825. 

C. recurvata, Valenc. Mag. Zool. pl. 119, f. 2. 1838. 

C. Gaudichaudii, Valenc. Loc. sub. cit. pl. 119, f. 2. 1838. 

Hab. Philippines. 
Corsicuna, Megerle. 
1. C. acutangularis, Desh. 
' Cyrena acutangularis, Desh. Inv. Par. 517, pl. 38, f. 17, 18. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


* The synonymy of the species of Galatea, Glauconome and Cyprina, will be given at 
some future period ; that of the species of Batissa and Pisidium will be found in the 
Annals of the Lyceum of N. H., of New York, vol. vii. 


1860.] d 


268 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


2. C. Africana, Adams. Ad. Rec. Gen. 2, 447. 1858. 
Cyrena Africana, Kr. Moll. 8. Afr. 8, pl. i. f. 9. 1848. 
C. Gauritziana, Kr. In litt. 1848. 
Hab. Africa. 


3. C. Agrensis, Prime. 
Cyrena Agrensis, Kurr. in litt. 
Hab. India. 


4. C. Alpina, Prime. 
Cyrena Alpina, Bgt. Sph. fr. 49. 1854. 
Cyclas Alpina, d’Orb. Prod. 2, 381. 1851. 
Hab. France, (fossil ) 


. C. ambigua, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 345. 1854. 
Hab. Euphrates. 


§. C. amygdalina, Desh. 
Cyrena amygdalina, Desh. Iny. Par. 500, pl. 37, f. 22,23. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


Ur 


7. C. angusta, Desh. 
Cyrena angusta, Desh. Inv. Par. 508, pl. 37, f. 9-12. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


8. C. antiqua, Prime. 
Cyrena antiqua, Fer. Moll. terr. et fluv. f. 5. 
Cyclas antiqua, d’Orb. Prod. 2, 304. 1854. 

Hab. France, (fossil.) 


9. C. Arnoudii, Prime. 
Cyrena Arnoudii, Potet Mich. Gal. Moll. 2, 192, pl. 61, f.15, 16. 1838-44. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


10. C. Arveniensis, Desh. 
Cyrena Arveniensis, Desh. Trait. Elem. Conch. 2, 698. 1843-50. 
C. pisum, Desh. Bouillet, Cat. 157. 1836. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


We CAs tralas), Desh. 
Cyclas Australis, Lam. Lam. v. 560. 1818. 
Cyrena Australis, Desh. Encycl. Méth. 2, 50. 1830. 
Hab. Asia. 


12. C. Bengalensis, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 344. 1854. 
Hab. Bengal. 


13. C. Bensoni, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 345. 1854. 
Hab. Bengal. 


14. C. Bouilletii, Desh. 
Cyrena Bouilletii, Desh. Trait. Elem. Conch. 2, 698. 1843-50. 
C. depressa, Desh. Bouillet, Cat. 156. 1836. 
Hab. France, (fossil. ) 


15. C. Brasiliana, Adams. Ad. Rec. Gen. 2, 447. 1858. 
Hab. Brazil. 


16. C. breviuscula, Desh. 
Cyrena breviuscula, Desh. Iny. Par. 503, pl. 36, f. 9-11. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


17. C. Britannica, Desh. 
Cycles deperdita, Lam. Park. Org. Rem. 3, 189, pl. 13, f. 8. 1811. 
Cyrena subdeperdita, Morris. Cat. Brit. fossils 86. 1843. 
Cyclas subdeperdita, d’Orb. Prod. 2. 305. 1850. 
[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 269 


Cyrena Britannica, Desh. Inv. Par. 501. 1857. 
Hab. Engl. (fossil.) 


18. C. brunea, Prime. In litt. 1860. 
Hab. Scamander River. 


19. C. Cashmiriensis, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 344. 1854. 
Hab. Cashmyr. 


20. C. Chilensis, Prime. 
Cyclas Chilensis, d’?Orb. Voy. Amer. 568, pl. 83, f. 11-13. 1846. 
Musculium Chilense, d’Orb. Ads. Rec. Gen. 2, 451. 1858. 
Pisum Chilense, d’Orb. Loc. sub. cit. 2, 460. 1858. 
Hab. Chili. 
21. C. compressa, Mousson. Ads. Rec. Gen. 2, 447. 1858. 
Hab? 
—C. consobrina, Adams. Rec. Gen. 2, 447. :1858. Is Corbicula 
cor Adams. 


22. C. convexa, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 342. 1854. 
Hab. Central America. 


23. C. cor, Adams. Rec. Gen. 2, 447. 1858. 
Cyrena cor. Lam. Lam. vy. 552. 1818. Delessert pl. vii. f. 7. 1841. 
C. consobrina, Caillaud. Voy. Méroé iv. 263, t. 2, pl. 61, f. 10-11. 
1826. 
Cyclas consobrina, Caillaud, Caltow and Reeve, 29. 1845. 
Corbicula consobrina, Adams, Rec. Gen. 2, 447. 1858. 
Hab. Asia. 
24. C. crassa, Desh. 
Curena crassa, Desh. Coq. Foss. Par. 1, 119, pl. 18, f.14, 15. 1824. 
C. spissa, Desh. Loc. sup. cit. p. 9, pl. 18, f. 14,15. 1824. 
Cycles crassa, @’Orb. Prod. 2, 422. 1850. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


25. C. crassula, Prime. 
Cyrena crassula, Mousson. Mous. Cat. Bellardi. p. 54. f. 12. 1854. 
Hab. Tigris River. 


26. C. Cumingii, Desh. 
Hab. Philippines. 


27. C. cuneata, Adams. Rec. Gen. 2, 447. 1858. 
Cyrena cuneata, Jonas. Zeit. Malak. 186. 1844. Phil. Abb. 2, 77. pl.i. 
f.6. 1846. 
C. globulus, Jonas. In litt. 
Hab. Orinoco, 
28. C. cuneiformis, Prime. 
Cyrena cuneiformis, Ferussac. Moll. Terr. Fluv. 
Cyclas cuneiformis, Sowb. M. Conch. 2, 140, pl. 162, f. 2, 3. 1818. 
Cyrena donacialis, Desh. Dict. class h.n. vy. 290. 1824. 
C. donaciformis, Anton. Verz. 1839. 
Hab. Europe, (fossil.) 


29. C. cycladiformis, Desh. 
Erycina levis, Lam. Ann. Mus. v. 413. 1805. 
Cyrena cycladiformis, Desh. Coq. Foss. Par. 1, 121, pl.19, f. 7-9. 1824. 
Cycles cycladiformis, Orb. Prod. 2, 381. 1850. 
Hab. Europe, (fossil.) 


30. C. debilis, Prime. 
Cyrena debilis, Gould. Bost. Proc. 3, 293. 1850. 
Hab. N. Guinea. 


1860.] 


270 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


31. C. deperdita, Desh. 
Cyclas deperdita, Lam. Ann. Mus. vii. 421. 1806. 
Cyrena deperdita, Desh. Cog. Foss. Par. 1, 118, pl. 19, f. 14, 15. 1824. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


32. C. Deshayesii, Prime. 
Cyrena Deshayesii, Hébert. Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr. 2d. n. v. 401. f. a. b. 
1848. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


33. C. Duchasteli, Nyst. Bull. Brux. xv. 114, f.1-4. 1838. 
Cyrena trigonula, Wood. Ann. Mag. n. h. vii. 275, f.45. 1841. 
Hab. Europe, (fossil.) 


34. C. Ferrussaci, Prime. 
Cyrena Ferrussaci, Math. Cat. Méth. 149, pl. xiv. f. 14,15. 1842. 
Cyclas Ferrussaci, @’Orb. Prod. 3,19. 1852. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


35. C. fluminalis, Adams. Rec. Gen. 2, 447. 1858. 
Tellina fluminalis, Miiller. Verm. 2, 205. 1774. 
T. fluviatilis, Miller. Loc. sup. cit. 2, 206. 1774. 
Venus fluminalis, Chemn. vi. pl. 30, f. 320. 1782. 
V. fluviatilis, Chemn. Loc. sup. cit. pl. 30, f. 321. 1782. 
Cyclas Euphratica, Lam. Ann. Mus. vii. 420. 1806. Eneyel. pl. 301, 
f. 2 ple 302, f. 45 2: 
C. fluviatilis, Bosc. 3, 38. 1802. 
C. levigata, Schum. 170, pl. xii, f.1. 1817. 
Cyrena fuscata, Lam. Lam. v. 552. 1818. 
C. Euphratica, Bronn. Syst. Urwelt. pl. iv. f. 10. 
C. orientalis, }Lam. Phil. Abb. 2, 75, pl. 1, f. 2. 1846. Mousson, 
Moll. Java 86, pl. xv. f. 2. 1849. 
Corbicula fuscata, Cantor. Proc. Zool. x. 124. 1852. 
Cyrena fluminalis, Bgt. Cat. Sauley 79. 1853. 
Corbicula fluviatilis, Adams. Rec. Gen. 2, 447. 1858. 
Hab. Asia. 
36. C. fluminea, Adams. Rec. Gen. 2, 447. 1858. 
Tellina fluminea, Gml. 3243. 1788. Miiller, Verm. 2, 205. 1774. 
Venus fluminea, Chemn. vi. 321, pl. 30, f. 322-23. 1782. 
Cyclas Chinensis, Lam. Ann. Mus. vii. 421. 1806. 
C. fluminea, Bosc. 3, 38. 1802. 
Cyrena fluminea, Lam. Lam. v. 553. 1818. Phil. Abb. 2, 76, pl. 1. 
f.3. 1846. 
Hab. China. 
—C. fluviatilis, Adams. Rec. Gen. 2, 447. 1858, is Corbicula flu- 
minalis, Adams. ; 


37. C. Forbesii, Desh. 
Cyrena Forbesii, Desh. Iny. Par. 510, pl. 37, f. 24-27. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 
—C.fuscata, Cantor. Proc. Zool. x. 124. 1852. Is Corbicula flu min- 
alis, Adams. 


38. C. gracilis, Prime. 
Cyrena fluminea, Mousson. Moll. Java, 87, pl. xv. f. 3. 1849. 
Corbicula Moussonii, Desh. Litt. Adams, Rec. Gen. 2, 447. 1853. 
Hab. Java. 
—C. grandis, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 344. 1854, is Corbicula Wood- 
iana, Adams. 


39. C. Gravesii, Desh. 


Cyrena Gravesii, Desh. Coq. Foss. Par. 2, 810. 1824. 
[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 271 


C. Gravii, Desh. Loc. sup. cit. 1, 120, pl. 19, f. 3-4. 1824. 
Cyclas Gravesii, Orb. Prod. 2, 323. 1850. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 
—C. hammalis, Ferussac. Mag. Zool. v. 59-60. 1835. 
Cyclas hammalis, Fer. Rafin. Bory St. Vt. Ann. Gen. Sci. Phy. v. 319. 
1820. (Not described.) 


40. C.inequilateralis, Prime. Inlitt. 1860. 
Hab. Africa. 


41. C.incrassata, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 342, 1854. 
Hab. ? 


42. C. Largillierti, Adams. Rec. Gen. 2, 447. 1858. 
Cyrena Largillierti. Phil. Zeit. Malac. 163. 1844. Abb. 2, 75, pl. 1, 
f.1. 1846. 
Hab. China. 


43. C. limosa, Adams. Rec. Gen. 2, 447. 1858. 
Tellina limosa, Maton. Trans. Linn. Soc. London x. 325, pl. 24, f. 8-10. 
1809. 
Cyrena limosa, Gray. Ann. Ph. n. ser. ix. 137. 1825. 
Hab. South America. 


44. C. Malacensis, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 343. 1854. 
Hab. Malacca. 


45. C. Manillensis, Prime. 
Cyrena Manillensis. Phil. Zeit. Malac. 163. 1844. 
C. fluviatilis. Phil. (non Venus fluminea, Chemn.) Phil. Abb. 2, 77, 
pl.1,f.5. 1846. 
Hab. Manilla. 


46. C. maxima, Prime. Proc. Zool. xxviii. 1860. 
Hab? 
47. C. media, Prime. 
Cyrena media, Fitton. Ann. Ph. and n. ser. vii. 376. 1824. 
Cyclas media, Sowb. M. Conch. vi. 51, pl. 527, f, 2, 1829. 
Hab. Engl. (fossil.) 


48. C. minor, Prime. Inlitt. 1860. 
Hab ? 
49. C. mixta, Desh. 
Cyrena mixta, Desh. Inv. Par. 1058. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 
—C. Moussonii, Desh. Adams, Rec Gen. 2, 447. 1858. Is Corbicula 
gracilis, Prime. 


50. C. Nepeansis, Prime. 
Cyclas Nepeansis, Less. Voy. Coq. ii, 428, pl. xiii. f. 14. 1820. 
Hab. N. South Wales. 


51. C. nitens, Adams. Rec. «en. 2, 447. 1858. 
Cyrena nitens. Phil. Zeit. Malac. 163. 1844. Abb. 2, 76, pl. 1, f. 4, 
1846. 
Hab. China. 


52. C. notata, Prime. In litt. 1860. 
Hab. Phillipines. 


53. C. obovata, Prime. 
Cyclas obovata, Sowb. Min. Conch. 2, 140, pl. 162, f. 4-6. 1818. 
Cyrena obovata, Desh. Encycl. Méth. 2, 52. 1830, 
Hab. Engl. (fossil.) 


1860.] 


272 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


54. C. obscura, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 342. 1854. 
Hab ? 


55. C. obsoleta, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 345. 1854. 
Hab. Uruguay. 
56. C. occidens, Bens. Adams, Rec. Gen. 2, 447. 1858. 
Hab. India. 
jie C. Or bi cul aris. Emme: 
Cyrena orbicularis, Desh. Mellev. Mem. Terr. Tert. Par. 35, pl. 2, f. 
3, 4. 1843. 
Cyclas suborbicularis, @’Orb. Prod. 2, 304. 1850. 
Cyrena suborbicularis, Desh. Iny. Par. 497. pl. 38, f. 11, 12. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


58. C. orientalis, Adams. Rec. Gen. 2, 447. 1858. | 
Cyrena orientalis, Lam. Lam. vy. 552. 1818. Delessert, pl. vii. f. 8. 
1841. 
Hab. Asia. 
59. C. ovalina, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 343. 1854. 
Hab. Port. Essington, Australia. 


60. C. ovalis, Prime. Proc. Zool. xxviii. 1860. 
Hab? 


61. C. Panormitana, Adams. Rec. Gen. 2, 447. 1858. 
Cyrena Panormitana, Biyon. 
Hab. Europe, (fossil.) 


62. C. Paranacensis, Adams. Rec. Gen. 2, 448. 1858. 
Cyrena Paranacensis, d’Orb. Guer. Mag. v. 44. 1835. 
Cyclas Paranacensis, d’Orb. Voy. Amer. 567, pl. 83, f. 28-25. 1846. 
Hab. S. America. 


63. C. parva, Prime. 
Cyrena ovalina, Desh. Iny. Par. 505, pl. 36, f. 16-18. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


64. C. parvula, Prime. Inlitt. 1860. 
Hab. India. 
65. C. pisum, Desh. 
Cyrena pisum, Desh. Coq. Foss. Par. 1, 117, pl. 19, f. 10-13. 1824. 
Cyclas pisum, @’Orb. (non Math.) Prod. 2, 322. 1850. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


66. C. prolongata, Prime. Inlitt. 1860. 
Hab. E. Australia. 


67. C. pulechella, Adams. Rec. Gen. 2, 448. 1858. 
Cyrena pulchella, Mouss. Moll. Java, 88, pl. 15, f. 4. 1849. 
Hab. Java. 


68. C. pullata, Adams. Rec. Gen. 2, 448. 1858. 
Cyrena pullata, Phil. Phil. Abb. 3,110. 1849. 
Hab. Sumatra. 


69. C. pusilla, Adams. Rec. Gen. 2, 448. 1858. 
Cyrena pusilla, Parr. Phil. Abb. 3, 78, pl. 1, f. 7. 1846. 
Hab. River Nile. 


70. C. radiata, Adams. Rec. Gen. 2, 447. 1858. 
Cyrena radiata, Parr. Phil. Abb. 2, 78, pl, 1. f. 8. 1846. 
Hab. River Nile. 
[June, 


ho 
=I 
oe) 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 


71. C. recurvata, Eydoux. Adams, Rec. Gen. 2, 448. 1858. 
Hab ? 


72. C. regularis, Pr. MSS. 1859. Collect. Cuming. 
Hab. Deacan River, Australia. 


73. C. rhomboidea, Pr. MSS. 1859. Collect. Auctoris. 
Hab. Malacca. 


74. C. rivalis, Adams. Rec. Gen. 2, 448. 1858. 
Cyrena rivalis, v. d. Busch. Phil. Abb. 3, 110, pl. 3, f. 5. 1849. 
Corbicula striatella, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 344. 1854. 
Hab. Java. 


75. C. rotunda, Prime. Proc. Ac. N.S. Phil. 1860. 
Hab. Surinam. 


76. C. Rouyan‘a, Prime. 
Cyclas Rouyana, @Orb. Prod. 2, 381. 1850. 
Cyrena Rouyana, Bgt. Sph. p. 51. 1854. 
Hab. France, ( fossil.) 


77. ©. semistriata, Desh: 
Venulites subaratus, Schloth. Petr. 200. 1820. 
Cyrena semistriata, Desh. Encycl. 2, 52. 1830. 
Ceres ror, | Goldt. Petr. Germ. 2. 1834-40. 
. cuneiformis, Fer. 
C. subovata, Bronn. Leth. Geog. 2, 958, pl. 38, f. 2. 1835-8. 
Cyclas semistriata, @’Orb. Prod. 3,19. 1852. 
Cyrena convexa, Heb. et Renev. Foss. Num. Sup. 59. 1854. 
Hab. Europe, (fossil. ) 


78. C. semisulcata, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 343. 1854. 
Hab. Victoria River, Australia. 
—C. similis, Adams. Rec. Gen. 2, 448. 1858, is Corbicula W oodiana, 


Adams. 
WoeG. Soludum la. Erime. In litt.) 1860: 
Hab. ? 
80. C. squalida; Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 342. 1854. 
Hab. ? 


—C. striatella, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 344. 1854. Is Corbicula ri va- 
lis, Adams. 


81. C. subradiata, Prime. 
Cyrena subradiata, Kurr. 


Hab. India. 


82. C. suleatina, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 348. 1854. 
Hab. ? 


83. C. tellinella, Prime. 
Cyrena tellinella, Ferussac. Hist. Moll. f. 1. 
Cyclas tellinella, V’Orb. Prod. 2, 304. 1850. 
Hab. Europe, (fossil.) 


84. C. tellinoidea, Prime. 
Cyrena tellinoidea, Bouillet. Cat. Foss. 156. 1836. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


85. C. tenuistriata, Prime. Proc. Zool. xxviii. 1860. 
Hab. ? 
86. C. triangula, Prime. 
Cyrena trigona, Desh. Cog. Foss. Par. 1, 118, pl. 19, f. 16, 17, 1824. 


1860.] 


214. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Cyclas trigona, d’Orb. Prod. 2, 304. 1850. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


37. C. triangularis, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 345. 1854. 
Hab. ? 


88. C. trigona, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 344. 1854. 
Hab. Pondicherry, India. 


89. C. trigonella, Prime. 
Cyrena trigonella, Lam. Lam. v. 552. 1818. 
Hab. East Indies. 


90. C. truncata, Prime. 
Cyrena truncata, Lam. Lam. vy. 553. 1818. 
Hab. N. America, (fossil. ) 


91. C. tumida, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 343. 1854. i 
Hab. Borneo. 


92. C. Vapincana, Prime. 
Cyclas Vapincana, @’Orb. Prod 2, 381. 1850. 
_ Cyrena Vapincana, Bet. Sph. fr. 51. 1854. 
Hab. France, (fossil. ) 


93. C. variegata, Adams. Rec. Gen. 2, 448. 1858. 
Cyrena variegata, d’Orb. Guer. Mag. v. 44. 1835. 
Cyclas variegata, V’Orb. Voy. Amer. 567, pl. 82, f. 14-16. 1846. 
Cyclas limosa, VOrb. Loc. sup. cit. pl. 82, f. 14-16. 1846. 
Hab. S. America. 


94. C. veneriformis, Desh. 
Cyrena veneriformis, Desh. Inv. Par. 499, pl. 38, f. 1, 2. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil. ) 


95. C. ventricosa, Prime. Inlitt. 1860. 
Hab. Mazatlan. 


96. C. violacea, Prime. Inlitt. 1860. 
Hab. ? 


97. C. Woodiana, Adams. Rec. Gen. 2, 448. 1858. 
Cyrena Woodiana, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vy. 110, pl. 18, f. 55. 
1832. 
Cyrena similis, Gray. Grif. Cuv. pl. 20, f. 2. 1834. 
Corbicula grandis, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 344. 1854. 
Corbicula similis, Adams. Rec. Gen. 2, 448. 1858. 
Hab. China. 


Cyrena, Lamarck. 


1. C.abbreviata, Desh. Invt. Par. 491, pl. 38, f. 13, 14. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 
—C. acutangularis, Desh. Loc. sub. cit. 517, pl. 38, f. 17, 18. 1857. 
Is Corbicula acutang ularis, Desh. 


2. C. equalis, Glf. Petr. germ. 2, 224, pl. 146, f. 5, 1834—40. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 


3. C. equilatera, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 20. 1854. 
Hab. Guiana. 


4. C. affinis, Desh Loc. sub. cit. xxii. 16. 1854. 
Hab. Australia. 
—C. Africana, Kr. Moll. 8. Afr. 8, pl.1,f.9. 1848. Is Corbicula 
Africana, Adams. 
[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 275 


—C. Alpina, Bgt. Sph. fr. 49. 1854. Is Corbicula Alpina, Prime. 
—C.agrensis, Kurr. Inlitt. Is Corbiculaagrensis, Prime. 


. C.alta, Dkr. Wald. 153. 1854. 

Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 

—C. altilis, Gld. Bost. Il. vi. 400, pl. xvi. f.5. 1852. Is Cyrena 
Mexicana, Sowb. 


6. C.ambigua, Br. Geol. Il. x. 275. 1854. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil. ) 
—C. amygdalina, Desh. Inv. Par. 500, pl. 37, f. 22, 23. 1857. Is 
Corbicula am ygdalina, Desh. 


or 


7. C. Anglicana, Prime. 
Cyrena obtusa, Forbes, (preoc.) Ree. Sci. 2, pl. 3, f. 4. 
Hab. England, (fossil. ) 


8. C.angulata, Romer. Oolitt. i. 117, pl. 9, f.12. 1835. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 
—C. angulata, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 22. 1854. Is Cyrena tumida, 
Prime. 
—C. angusta, Desh. Inv. Par. 508, pl. 37,f.9-12. 1857. Is Corbicula 
angusta, Desh. 


9. C.angustidens, Desh. Mellev. Terr. Tert. Par. 35, pl. 2, f. 1, 2. 1843. 
Cyclas angustidens, @’Orb. Prod. 2, 304. 1850. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


10. C.anomala, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 21. 1854. 
Cyrena Peruviana, Desh. In litt. 
Hab. Peru. 
—C. antiqua, Fer. Moll. Terr. Fluv. f.5. Is Corbicula antiqua, Prime. 


11. C.apicina, Dkr. Wald.149. 1834. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 


12. C. arata, Forbes. Geol. Il. vii. pl. 5, f. 6. 1851. 
Hab. England, (fossil.) 


13. C.arctata, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 20. 1854. 
Hab. Maracaibo. 


14. C. arenaria, Forbes. Ree. Sci. 
Hab. England, (fossil.) 
—C. Arnoudii, Pot. & Mich. Gal. Moll. 2,192, pl. 61, f. 15,16. 1838- 
44, Is Corbicula Arnondii, Prime. : 
—C. arveniensis, Desh. Trait. Conch. 2, 698. 1843-’50. Is Cor- 
bicula Arveniensis, Desh. 


15) C.astarte, Dkr. Wald.153:- 1831. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 
—C. Australis, Desh. Encycl. 2, 50. 1830. Is Corbicula Austra- 
lis, Desh. 


16. C. Bengalensis, Lam. Lam. v. 554. 1818. 
Venus Bengalensis, Lister, pl. 345, f. 182. 
Cyclas Bengalensis, Fer. 

Hab. Asia. 


17. C. Boliviana, Phil. Zeit. Malac. 70. 1851. 
Hab. Bolivia. 
—C. Bouilleti, Desh. Trait. Conch. 2, 698. 1843-50. Is Corbicula 
Bouilleti, Desh. 
—C. breviuscula, Desh. Inv. Par. 503, pl. 36, f. 9-11. 1857. Is 
Corbicula breviuscula, Desh. 


1860.] 


276 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


18. C. Bronnii. Dkr. Wald. 160. 1834. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 
—C. Britannica, Desh. Inv. Par.501. 1857. Is Corbicula Brita n- 
nica, Desh. 
19. C. brunea, Pr. Proc. Zool. xxviii. 1860. 
Hab. ? 


20. C. Buschii, Phil. Abb. 3, 78, pl. 2, f. 2. 1849. 
Hab. ? 


21. C. Caledonica, Gas. Il. Conch. vi. 277. 1857. 
Hab. N. Caledonia. 


22. C. Californiensis, Prime. 
Cyrena subquadrata, Desh. (preoc.) Proc. Zool. xxii. 21, 1854. 
Hab. California. 


23. C. cardioides, Desh. Inv. Par. 498, pl. 36, f. 1-3. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


24. C. Caroliniensis, Lam. Lam. v. 1818. 
Cyclas Caroliniensis, Bosc. Fer. Cat. Méth. 84. 1807. 
C. Caroliniana, Bose. 3, 37, pl. xviii. f. 4. 
Hab. N. America. 


25. C. caudata, Roemer. Oolit. 1, 117, pl. 8, f.13. 1835. 
Cyrena excavata, Roemer. Loc. sub. cit. 1, 117, pl. 9, f. 6. 1835. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 
—C. Charpenterianus, Bgt. (err.) Il. Conch. iv. 173. 1853. Is 
Ancylus Charpenterianus, Bgt. 


26. C. Charpentieri, Desh. P. & M. Gal. Moll. 2, 191, pl. 61, f£. 18, 19. 
1838-44. 
Hab. Europe, (fossil.) 
—C. Childreng, Gray. Ann. Phy. n. ser. ix; 1372. 1825) iseea 
tissa Childrens, Gray. 


27. C.compressa, Desh. Lam. (ed. Desh.) vi. 279. 1835. 
Cyrena depressa, Desh. (non Lam.) Dict. class h. n. v. 290. 1824. 
Cyclas subdepressa, d’Orb. Prod. 2, 381. 1850. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


28. C.compta, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 18. 1854. 
Hab. ? 
—C.,compta, Desh. Inv. Par. 491, ph 35, f. 1-3, pl. 36, f. 19, 20. 
1857. Is Cyrena Gallicana, Prime. 


29. C. conjuncta, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 15. 1854. 
Hab? 
—C. consobrina, Cail. Voy. Mer. iv. 263, t. 2, pl. 61, f. 10,11. 1826. 
Is Corbicula cor, Adams. 
—C.convexa, H. & Renev. Foss. num. sup. 59. 1854. Is Corbicula 
semistriata, Desh. 
—C. cor, Lam. Lam. y. 552. 1818. Is Corbiculacor, Adams. 


30. C. corbiculeformis, Prime. Ac. N.S. Phil. Proc. 1860. 
Hab. Malabar. 


31. C.cordata, Morris. Geol. Il. x. 158, pl. 2, f.8,9. 1854. 
Hab. England, (fossil.) 


32. C. cordiformis, Desh. Dict. class. h. n. 290. 1824. 
Hab. France, (fossil. ) 
—C. cordiformis, Recluz, (preoc.) Il. Conch. 251, pl. 7, f. 9. 1853. 
is Cyrena Recluzii, Prime. 
[ June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 277 


_ 


—C. crassa, Desh. Coq. foss. Par. i. 119, pl. 18, f. 14,15. 1824. Is 
Corbicula crassa, Desh. 

—C. crassula, Mouss. Malak. Blit. 57. 1855. Is Corbicula cras- 
sula, Prime. 


33. C. Credueri, Dkr. Weald. 152. 1846. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 


34. C.crenulata, Desh. Inv. Par. 518, pl. 34, f. 10-12. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil. ) 


35. C. Cubensis, Prime. 


Cyclas maritima, a’Orb. D’Orb. Cuba 2, 280, pl. xxi. f. 47-50. 1853. 
Hab. Cuba. 


36. C. Cumingii, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 22. 1854. 
Hab. Central America. 
—C.cuneata, Jonas. Zeit. Malak. 186. 1844. Is Corbiculacuneata, 
Adams. 


C. cuneiformis, Fer. Moll. terr. fluv. Is Corbicula cuneifor- 
mis, Prime. 


37. C. Cunninghamii, Forbes. Geol. Il. vii. 112, pl. v. f. 9. 1851. 
Hab. England, (fossil.) 
—C.cycladiformis, Desh. Coq. foss. Par. 1, 121, pl. 19, f. 7-9. 1824. 
Is Corbicula cycladiformis, Desh. 
—C. ecyclostoma, Bgt.(err.) Il. Conch. iv. 193. 1853. Is Ancylus 
cyclostoma, Bet. 
—C. Cyprinoides, Gray. Ann. Phy. n. ser. ix. 136. 1825. Is Velo- 
rita C yprinoides, Gray. 
38. C. Cyprinoides, Quoy. Voy. Astrol. 3, 513, pl. 82, f.1-3. 1834. 
Hab. N. Guinea. 


—C. debilis, Gld. Bost. Proc. 3, 293. 1850. Is Corbicula debilis, 
Prime. 


39. C.decipiens, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 17. 1854. 
Hab. ? 


40. C.densata, Conrad. Ac. N. 8. Phil. Proc. i. 324. 1846. 
Cyclas densata, Orb. Prod. 3, 109. 1852. 

Hab. North America, (fossil.) 

—C. deperdita, Desh. Coq. foss. Par. 1, 118, pl. 19, f. 14, 15. 1824. 
Is Corbicula de perdita, Desh. 

—C. deperdita, Morris, Cat. Brit. foss. 86. 1843. Is Corbicula B ri- 
tannica, Desh. 

—C.depressa, Lam. Lam. v. 553. 1818. Encycl. pl. 302, f. 3. Is As- 
tarte borealis, Gray. 

—C. depressa, Desh. Dict. class. h. n. v. 290. 1824. Is Cyrena ¢ 0 m- 
pressa, Desh. 

-—-C. Deshayesii, Hebert. Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr. 2d ser. v. 401, f. a’. b’. 
1848. Is Corbicula Deshayesii, Prime. 

—C. Deshayesianus, Bgt. (err.) Il. Conch. iv. 183. 1853. Is An- 
cylus Deshayesianus, Bet. 


41. C.difficilis, Desh. Inv. basin. Par. 513, pl. 37, f. 3-5. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


42. C. dispar, Koch & Dkr. Oolit. 60, pl. vii. f. 6, a. b. 1837. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 


43. C.distineta, Desh. Inv. Par. 492, pl. 35, f. 7-9. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


1860.] 


278 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


44. C. divaricata, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 17, 1854. 


Hab. N. Guinea. 

—C. douacialis, Desh. Dict. classh. n. v. 290. 1824. Is Corbicula 
cuneiformis, Prime. 

—C. douaciformis, Anton. Verz. 1839. Is Corbicula cuneiformis, 
Prime. 


45. C.douacina, Dkr. Wald. 162. 1854. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 


46. C.dorsata, Dkr. Wald. 155. 1834. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 


46a C.Dulchurchiensis? 
Hab. England, (fossil.) 


47. C. Dumasii, de Serres. Bull. Sci. 328. 1827. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


48. C. Dutemplii, Desh. Inv. Par. 493, pl. 34, f. 43, 44. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


49. C.dura, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 20. 1854. 
Hab. ? 


50. C.elegans, Dkr. Wald.166. 1834. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 


51. C.elliptica, Dkr. Wald. 148. 1834. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 
—C.elongata, Rem. Oolit. i. 117, t. ix. f. 11. 1826. Is Cyrena Man- 


te1li, Dkr. 


52. C.elongata, Dkr. Weald. 155. 1846. 
Cyclas elongata, Sowb. Trans. Geol. Soc. 2d ser. iv. 346, pl. 21, f. 9. 1836. 


Hab. Europe, (fossil.) 


53. C. erebea, Pr. 
Mactra erebea, Brongt. Mem. Vicent. 81, pl. v. f. 8. 1823. 
Cyclas erebea, d’Orb. Prod. 2, 323. 1850. 
Hab. Europe, (fossil.) 


54. C. Essingtonensis, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 19. 
Hab. Port Essington. 
—C. Euphratica, Bronn. Syst. Urwelt. pl. 4, f. 10. Is Corbicula fl u- 
minalis, Adams. 
—C. excavata, Rem. i. 117, pl. ix. f.6. 1835. Is Cyrenacaudata. 
Roemer. 


55. C.eximia, Dkr. Zeit. Malak. 51. 1852. Pf. Nov. Conch. 8 livr. 88, 
pl. xxiv. 1857. 
Cyrena impressa, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 18. 1854. 
Batissa impressa, Adams. Rec. gen. 2, 448. 1858. 
Hab. Java. 


56. C. expansa, Mouss. Moll. Java, 89, pl. 14. 1849.» 
Hab. Java. 
57. C.fabacea, Rem. Oolit. 2, 40, pl. 19, f. 16. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 
58. C.fabulina, Desh. Inv. Par. 506, pl. 37, f. 13-15. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 
59. C. fallax, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 15. 1854. 
Hab. Australia. 
[June. 


Les) 
=I 
iXo) 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 


60. C. C. fasciata, Rem. Oolit. 1, 116, pl. ix. f. 10. 1835. 
Cyclas fasciata, Gldf. Petr. Germ. 2, 232, pl. 147, f. 10. 1834-40. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 


61. C. Faujigasii, Desh. Encycl. 2,51. 1830. 

Venus de mayeuce, Faujas. Ann. Mus. 8, 379, pl. 58, f. 9,10. 1806. 
Cyrena levigata, Gldf. Petr. Germ. 2, 224, pl. 149, f. 1. 183440. 
Cyrena polita, Gldf. Loc. sub. cit. 2, 224, pl. 149, f.2. 1834-40. 
Cyclas Faujasii, @’Orb. Prod. 3,109. 1852. 

Hab. Europe, (fossil.) 

—C. Ferrussaci, Math. Math. Cat. Méth 149, pl. xiv. f. 14,15. 1852. 

Is Corbicula Ferrussaci, Prime. 


62. C. flava, Prime. Proc. Zool. xxviii. 1860. 
Hab. ? 


63. C. Floridana, Conrad. Ac. N.S. Phil. Proc. 3, 23, pl.i.f.1. 1846. 

Hab. Florida. 

—C. fluminalis, Bgt. Cat. Sauley 79. 1853. Is Corbicula flum i- 
nalis, Adams. 

—C.fluminea, Lam. Lam. v. 553. 1818. Is Corbicula fluminea, 
Adams. 

—C. fluviatilis, Phil. Abb. 3, 77, pl. i.f.5. 1846. Is Corbicula 
Manillensis, Prime. 


64. C. Fontaineii, Phil. Zeit. Malak. 8,70. 1851. 
Cyclas Fentaineti, d’Orb. Voy. Amer. 569, pl. 83, f. 14, 15. 1844. 
Hab. S. America. 
—C. Forbesii, Desh. Inv. Par. 510, pl. 37, f. 24-27. 1857. Is Cor- 
bicula For besii, Deshayes. 


65. C. fortis, Prime. Proc. Zool. xxviii. 1860. 
Hab. Equador. 


66. C.fossulata, Cornuel. Mem. Soc. Geol. Fr. iv. 286, pl. 15, f. 1, a-d, 
1840. 
Cyclas fossulata, d’Orb. Prod. 2, 60. 1850. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


67. C. fragilis, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxviii. 1860. 
Hab. ? 
—C.fuscata, Lam. Lam. v. 552. 1818. Is Corbiculafluminalis, 
Adams. 


68. C.Galathea, Rhdt. Morch’s Kierulf 32, pl 2. 1850. 
Cyrena Zeylanica var. major, Mous. Java 89, pl. 13. 1849. 
Hab. Nicobar Islands. 


69. C. Gallicana, Pr. 
Cyrena compta, Desh. (preoc.) Invt. Par. 491, pl. 35, f. 1-3, pl. 36, 
£19, 20." 187; 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 
—C.Gaudichaudi, Val. (err.) Mag. Zool. pl. 119, f. 2. 1838. Is Velo- 
rita Cy prinoides, Gray. 
—C. Gauritziana, Kr. Inlitt. 1848. Is Corbicula Africana, Adams, 


70. C.Gemmellari, Phil. Sicil. 1, 39, pl. iv. f. 3. 1836. 
Hab. Europe, (fossil.) 


71. C.Geslini, Desh. Encycl. 2,52. 1830. 
Cyclas Geslini, @Orb. Prod. 3,109. 1852. 
Hab. Europe, (fossil.) 
72. C.gibbosa, DuKr. Wald. 157. 1834. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 


1860.] 


280 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


73. C. globosa, Math. Cat. Méth. 148, pl. xiv. f. 12,13. 1842. 
Cyclas globosa, @’Orb. Prod. 3,19. 1852. 

Hab. France, (fossil.) 

—C.globulus, Jonas. MSS. Is Corbiculacuneata, Adams. 

—C. Gravesii, Desh. Coq. foss. Par. 2, 810. 1824. Is Corbicula 
Gravesii, Desh. 

—C. Gravi, Desh. Cog. foss. Par. 1, 120, pl. 19, f. 3, 4. Is Corbicula 
Gravesii, Desh. 


74. C. Hebertii, Desh. Invt. Par. 516, pl. 36, f. 4-6. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil. ) 


75. C.heterodonta, Desh. Invt. Par. 518, pl. 34, f. 13-15. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


76. C. Heysii, Dkr. Wald. 147. 1834. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 
--C.impressa, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 18. 1854. Is Cyrenaexcinia, 
Dkr. 


77: C. incerta, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 19. 1854. 
Hab. ? 


Tia C.incompta, Desh. Invt. Par. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil. ) 


C. inflata, Phil. Zeit. Malak. 71. 1851. 
Hab. SS. America. 
—C.inflata, Desh. (preoc.) Proc. Zool. xxii. 23. 1854. Is Cyrena Pana- 
mensis, Pr. 


79. C.inquinata, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 15. 1854. 
Hab. China. 


80. C. insignis, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 20. 1854. 
Hab. California. 


81. C.intermedia, Desh. Mellev. Terr. Tert. Par. 35, pl. 2, f. 5, 6. 1843. 
Cyclas intermedia, Orb. Prod. 2, 304. 1850. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 
—C.intermedia, Meek & Hayden. Ac. N.S. Phil. Proc. 8, 116. 1856. 
Is Cyrena Nebrascensis, M.& H. 


82. C.isocardia, Dkr. Wald.151. 1854. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 


83. C.isocardioides, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 22. 1854. 
Hab. S. America. 


34. C.Jamesonii, Forbes. Geol. Il. vii. 111, pl. v. f. 7,8. 1851. 
Hab. England, (fossil.) 
—C. Jayensis, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. v. 108, pl. 17, f- 52. 1832. 
Is Batissa Jayensis, Adams. 


85. C.Jukesii, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 19. 1854. 
Hab. Australia. 
—C. Keraudrenii, Lesson. Voy. Coq. 2, 429, pl. xi. f. 3. 1829. Is Ba- 
tissa Keraudrenii. 


86. C. Kochii, Dkr. Wald.159. 1834. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 
—C.levigata, Gldf. Petr. Germ. 2, 224, pl. 149, f. 3, a, b. 1834-40. Is 
Cyrena Faujasii, Desh. 


Si. C. le vais, br 
Hab. Borneo. 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 281 


88. C. Lamberti, Desh. Invt. Par. 495, pl. 38, f. 9,10. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 
—C. Largillierti, Phil. Zeit. Malak. 163. 1844. Is Corbicula Lar- 
gillierti, Pr. 


89. C,lato-ovata, Remer. Oolit. i. 116, pl. 9,f4. 1835. 
Venulites simillimus, Schl. Petr. 200. 1820. 
Venulites douacilialis, Schl.. In Collect. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 


90. C. lauta, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 15, 1854. 
Hab. ? 


91. C.lentiformis, Remer. Oolit. 2, 41, pl. 19, f. 9. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 
—C. limosa, Gray. Ann. Phy. n. ser. ix. 137. 1835. Is Corbicula 1i- 
mosa, Pr. 


92. C.lunulata, Desh. Invt. Par. 495, pl. 34, f. 16-19. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


93. C. Mac Cullochii, Forbes. Geol. Il. vii. 112, pl. v. f. 10, a,b. 1851. 
Hab. England, (fossil.) 


94. C. mactreformis, Pr. 
Cyrena mactroides, Desh. (preoc.) Proc. Zool. xxii. 17. 1654. 
Hab. ? 


95. C.mactroides, Remer. Oolit. i. 116, pl. ix. f. 2. 1835. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 
—C. mactroides, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 17. 1854. Is Cyrena mac- 
treformis, Pr. 


96. C. major, Morris. Cat. Brit. Foss. 200. 1854 
Cyclas major, Sowb. Trans. Geol. 2d ser. iv. 176, 346, pl. xxi. f. 13. 1836. 
Hab. England, (fossil.) 


97. C. majuscula, Remer. Oolit. i. 117, pl. ix. f. 1-3. 1835. 
Cyclas majuscula, Glf. Petr. Germ. 2, 232, pl. 147, f. 6, a-c. 1834-40. 
Hab. Europe, (fossil.) 
—C. Manillensis, Phil. Zeit. Malak. 163. 1844. Is Corbicula ManilI- 
Me msnisne kr: 


98. C.Mantelli, Dkr. Weald, 42, pl. 13, f.2. 1846. 
Cyrena elongata, Remer. Oolit i. 117, pl. ix. f. 11. 1835. 
Cyclas angulata, Sowb. Trans. Geol. 2d ser. iv. 176, 346, pl. xxi. f. 12. 
1836. 
Cyclas carinata, Glf. Petr. Germ. 2, 232, pl. 147, f. 9, a-c. 1834-40. 
Cyrena angulata, Morris. Brit. Foss. 199. 1854, 
Hab. Europe, (fossil.) 


99. C.maritima, C. B, Adams. Ann. N. Y. Lyc. v. 499. 1852. 
Hab. Panama. 
—-C. media, Fitton. Ann. Phy. n. ser. viii. 376. 1824. Is Corbicula m e- 
dia, Pr. 
100. C. membranacea, Fitton. Ann. Phy. n. ser. 8,176. 1824. 
Cyclas membranacea, Sowb. Min. Conch. vi. 52, pl. 527, f. 3. 1829. 


Cyrena membranacea, Sowb. Morris. Brit. Foss. 200. 1854. 
Hab. England, (fossil.) 


101. C. Menkeii, Dkr. D. et M. Paleont. 1, 40, pl. vi. f. 23-25. 1846. 
Venus Menkeii, Dkr. In litt. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 


1860.] 18 


232, PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


02. C.Mexicana, Sowb. Zool. Il. (Sowb. et Brod.) 364. 1829. 
Cyrena altilis, Gld. Bost. Il. vi. 400, pl. xvi. f. 5. 1852. 
Hab. N. America. 


103. C. minuta, Desh. Invt. Par. 507, pl. 35, f. 10-12. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 
—C. mixta, Desh. Invt. Par. 1857. Is Corbicula mixta, Desh. 
—C. Moquinianus, Bgt. (err.) Il. Conch. iv. 1853. Is Ancylus Mo- 
quinianus, Bgt. 
104. C. Moreauensis, Meek & Hayden. Ac. N.S. Phil. Proc. viii. 115. 
1856. 
Hab. N. America, (fossil.) 


105. C. multidentata, Auton. Conch. 13. 1839. 
Hab. Europe, (fossil.) 
—C. Murchisonii, Dkr. Weald. 30, pl. x. f. 2-5. 1846. Is Cyrena 
rotunda, Dkr. 


106. C. Nebrascensis, M.& H. 
Cyrena intermedia, Meek & Hayden, (preoc.) Ac. N.S, Phil. Proc. viii. 
116. 1856. 
Hab. N. America, (fossil.) 
—C. nitens, Phil. Zeit. Malak. 163. 1844. Is Corbicula nitens, 


Adams. 
107. C. nitida, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 23. 1854. 
Hab. ? 
108. C. nitidula, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 23. 1854. 
Hab. ? 


109. C. nobilis, Desh. Invt. Par. 490, pl. 36, f. 14,15. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


119. C. notabilis, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 21. 1854. 
Hab. Peru. 


111. C. nuculaeformis, Remer. Oolit. 1, 118, pl. ix. f.13. 1835. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 
—C. obesa, Hinds. Ann. Mag. n. h. n. ser. x. 81. 1842. Is Batissa 
obesa, Adams. 


112. C. obliqua, Desh. Dict. Class. h. n. v. 290. 1824. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


113. C. oblonga, Quoy. Voy. Astrol. 3, 517, pl. 82, f. 6-8. 1834. 
Hab. Vanikoro. 
—C. obovata, Desh. Encycl. 2, 52. 1830. Is Corbiculaobovata, 
Desh. 


114. C. obscura, Pr. Proc. Zool. xxviii. 1860. 
Hab. S. America. 


115. C. obtusa, Roemer. Oolit: 1, 115, pl. ix. f. 76. 1835. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 
—C. obtusa, Forbes. Rec. Scie. 2,pl.3,f.4. Is Cyrena Anglicana, 
Pr; 


116. C. occidentalis, Meek & Hayden. Ac.N.S. Phil. Proc. viii. 118. 
1856. 
Hab. N. America, (fossil.) 


117. C. olivacea, Carp. In litt. 
Hab. N. America, 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 283 


118. C. orbicularis, Roemer. Oolit. 1, 115, pl. ix. f. 8. 1835. 
Cyclas orbicularis, Gif. Petr. Germ. 2, 231, pl. 147.f.5. 1834-40. 

Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 

—C. orbicularis, Desh. Mellev. Terr. Tert. 35, pl. 2, f.3,4. 1843. 
is Corbicula orbicularis, Prime. 

—C. orientalis, Lam. Lam.v. 552. 1818. Is Corbicula orienta- 
lis, Adams. 

—C. ovalina, Desh. Invt. Par. 505. pl. 36, f. 16-18. 1867. Is Corbi- 
cula parva, Prime. 


119. C. ovalis, Dkr. Wald. 158. 1834. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 


120. C. oviformis, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 16. 1854. 
Hab. Philippines. 


121. C. pallida, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 17. 1854. 
Hab. ? 


122. C. Panamensis, Pr. 
Cyrena inflata, Desh. (preoc.) Proc. Zool. xxii. 23. 1854. 
Hab. Panama. 
—C. Panormitana, Bivon. Is Corbicula Panormitana, Adams. 


123. C. Papua, Lesson. Mag. Zool. pl. xi. 1832. 
Hab. Waigou. 
—C. Paranacensis, d’Orb. Mag. Zool. 44. 1835, Is Corbicula 
Paranacensis, Adams. 


124. C. parva, Morris. Brit. Foss. 200. 1854. 
Cyclas parva, Sowb. Geol. Trans. 2d ser. iv. 345, pl. 21, f.7. 1836. 
Hab. England, (fossil.) 


125. ©. Panormitana, Roemer. Qolit. 1, 115, pl. ix.f.9. 1835. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 


126. C. parvula, Desh. Invt. Par. 509, pl. 37, f. 6-8. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 
—C. Peruviana, Desh. Is Cyrena anomala, Desh. 
—C. Petitianus, Bgt. Il. Conch. iv. 1853. Is Ancylus Petiti- 
anus, Bet. 
127. ©. Philippinarum, Hanley. Proc. Zool. xii. 159. 1844. Wood’s 
Suppl. Cat. pl. xiv. f. 60. 
Hab. Philippines. 
—C. pisum, Desh. Coq. Foss. Par. 1, 117, pl. 19, f. 10-13. 1824. Is 
Corbicula pisum, Desh. 
128. C. placens, Hanley. Proc. Zool. xii. 160. 1844. Wood’s Suppl. Cat. 


pl. xiv. f. 52. 
Hab. N. America. 


129. C. placida, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 19, 1854. 
Hab. ? 


130. C. planulata, Desh. Invt. Par. 501, pl. 35, f. 16-18. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 
—C. polita, Glf. Petr. Germ. 2, 224, pl. 149, f. 2. 1834-40. Is Cyrena 
Faujasii, Desh. 
131. C. ponderosa, Pr. Ac.N.S. Phil. Proc. 1860. 
Hab. Philippines. 


132. C. prona, Dkr. Wald. 166. 1834. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 


1860.) 


284 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


133. C. Proserpina,, Pr. 
Venus Proserpina, Brongt. Mem. Viceut. 81, pl. v. f. 7. 1823. 
Cyclas Proserpina, @’Orb. Prod. 2, 323. 1850. 
Hab. Europe, (fossil.) 


134. C. psmacola, Desh. Invt. Par. 505, pl. 35, f. 4-6. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 
—C. pulchella, Mous. Moll. Java, 88, pl.xv.f.4. 1849. Is Corbicula 
pulchella, Adams. 


135. C. pulchra, Morris. Brit. Foss. 86. 1843. 
Cyclas pulcher, Sowb. Min. Conch. vi. 51, pl. 527. f. 1. 1829. 

Hab. England, (fossil.) 

—-C. pulchra, Wright. Ann.n.h. Is Cyrena Wrightii, Forbes. 

—-C. pullata, Phil. Abb. 2,110. 1849. Is Corbicula pullata, 
Adams. 

—C. purpurea, Lea. Amer. Il. xlii. 106, pl.1,f.1. 1842. Is Venus 
gemma, Totten. 

—C. pusilla, Parr. Phil. Abb. 2, 78, pl. 1. f. 7. 1846. Is Corbicula p u- 
silla, Adams. 


136. C. radiata, Hanley. Proc. Zool. xii. 159. 1844. 
Cyrena solida, Phil. Abb. 5, 78, pl. 1,f.9. 1846. 
Hab. Central America. 
—C. radiata, Parr. Phil. Abb. 2, 78, pl. 1, f.8. 1846. Is Corbicula 
radiata, Adams, 
—C. Raymondi, Bgt. cerr.) Il. Conch. iv. 1853. Is Ancylus Ra y- 
mondi, Bet. 
137. ©. Reeluzi,, Prime. 
Cyrena cordiformis, Recluz. Il. Conch. iv. 251, pl. vii. f. 9. 1853. 
Hab. ? 
—C. recurvata, Val. Mag. Zool. pl. 117, f. 2. 1838. Is Velorita Cy- 
prinoides, Gray. 
138. C. regulata, Gassies. Il. Conch. vii. 372. 1858. 
Hab. N. California. 


139. C. Rigaultii, Desh. Invt. Par. 494, pl. 36, f. 12, 13. 1857. 


Hab. France, (fossil.) 
—C. rivalis, v. d. Busch. Phil. Abb. 3,110, pl. 3,f.5. 1849. Is Cor- 
bicula rivalis, Adams. 


140. C. roborata, Desh. Invt. Par. 499, pl. 38, f.15, 16. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 
—C. Roemerii, Dkr. Wald. 41. 1834. Is Cyrena trigona, Roemer. 


141. C. rotunda, Dkr. Wald. 145. 1834, 
Cyrena Murchisoni, Dkr. Weald. 30, pl. x. f. 25. 1846. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 
—C. rotundata, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. v. pl. 17, f. 51, 10%. 
1832. Is Batissa rotundata, Adams. 
—C. Rouyana, Bgt. Sph. Fr. 51. 1854. Is Corbicula Rouyana, 
Prime. 


142. C. Saincenyensis, Desh. Invt. Par. 496. pl. 38, f. 7, 8. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil ) 


43, C. salmacida, Morelet. Test. Cub. pt. 2d, 26. 1851. 
Hab. Central America. 
—C. semistriata, Desh. Encycl. 2,52. 1830. Is Corbicula semi - 
striata, Desh. 
—C. similis, Gray. Griff. Cuv. pl. 20,f.2. 1834. Is Corbicula Wood- 
iana, Adams. 
[J une, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 285 


144. C. similis, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 16. 1854. 
Hab. Manilla. 


145. C. singularis, Desh. Invt. Par. 508, pl. 35, f. 13—15. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


146. C. sinuosa, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 18. 1854. 
Cyrena Zeilanica, Mouss. Java, 89, pl. xii. 1849. 
Hab. Java. 


147. C. Sirena, Pr. 

Wactra Sirena, Brongt. Mem. Vicent. 81, pl. v. f. 10. 1823. 
Cyrena Brongniartu, Bast. Mem. 8. N. Par. 2, 84. 1825. 
C. Sowerbyi, Bast. Loc. sub. cit. 2, 84, pl. vi. f. 6. 1825. 
Cyclas Sirena, d’Orb. Prod. 2, 320. 1850. 
C. Brongniartii, d’Orb. Loc. sub. cit. 3,109. 1852. 

Hab. France, (fossil.) 

—C. spissa, Desh. Cog. Foss. Par. 1, p.9, pl. 18, f.14,15. 1824. Is 

Corbicula crassa, Desh. 


148. C. solida, Dkr. Wild..145. 1834. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) ? 
—C. solida, Phil. Abb. 2, 78, pl.1,f.9. 1846. Is Cyrena radiata 
Hanley. 


149. C. sordida, Hanley. Proc. Zool. xii. 1844. Wood’s Suppl. pl. xiv. 
‘ia ue 


Hab. N. America. 


150. C. striata, Galleoti. Index Paleont, 1,391. 1848—9. 
Hab. Europe, (fossil.) 


151. C. striatula, Munster. Glf. Petr. Germ. 2, 225, pl. 149, f.3. 1834 
—40. 


Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 


152. C. subangulata, Les. Grat. Moll. Fr. 52. 1855. 
Hab. France, (fossil. ) 
—C. subarata, Br. Leth. Gaog. 2, 958, pl. 38, f. 2. 1835-8. Is Corbi- 
cula semistriata, Desh. 


153. C. subcordata, Dkr. Wald. 154. 1834. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 


154. C. sublevis, Romer. olit. 1, 116, pl. xi. f. 5. 1835. 
Cyclas sublevis, Glf. Petr. 2, 232, pl. 147, f.7. 1834—40. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 


155. C. sublobata, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 18. 1854. 
Hab. ? 


156. C. suborbicularis, v.d. Busch. Phil. Abb. 3, 77, pl. 2, f. 1. 1849. 
Hab. Manilla. 
—C. suborbicularis, Desh. Invt. Par. 497, pl. 38, f. 11,12. 1857. 
Is Corbicula orbicularis, Pr. 


157. C. subquadrata, Morris. Brit. Foss. 200. 1854. 
Cyclas subquadrata, Sowb. Geol. Trans. 2d ser. iv. 177, 345, pl. xxi. f. 8. 
1836. 
Hab. England, (fossil.) 
—C. subquadrata, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 21. 1854. Is Cyrena 
Californiensis, Pr. 
—C. subradiata, Kurr. Is Corbicula subradiata, Pr. 


158. C. sulcata, Hoenighaus. Ihrb. 456. 1850. 
Hab. Europe, (fossil.) 


1860.] 19 


286 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


159. C. Sumatraensis, Sowb. Gen. of Shells, 1. Phil. Abb. 3, 109, pl. 3, 
f.4. 1849. 


Hab. Sumatra. 
—C. tellinella, Fer. Hist. Moll. f.1. Is Corbicula tellinella, Pr. 


—C. tellinoidea, Bouillet. Cat. Cuv. 156. 1836. Is Corbicula 
Fella n o1diea, er: 


160. C. tellinoides, Defr. Cuv. Foss. 2, 263. 1821—3. 


Hab. Europe, (fossil.) 
—C. tenebrosa, Hinds. Ann. n. h. n. ser. x. 21. 1842. Is Batissa 


tenebrosa, Adams. 


161. C. tenuis, Dkr. Wald. 158. 1834. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 

162. C. tetragona, Desh. Invt. Par. 502, pl. 34, f. 20—22. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


163. C. transversa, Forbes. Rec. Scie. 2, pl. 3, f. 6. 
Hab. England, (fossil.) 


164. C. triangula,v. d. Busch. Phil. Abb. 3, 78, pl.2.f.3. 1849. 
Cyrena triangularis, Metcalf. Proc. Zool. 19, 74. 1851. 


Hab. Borneo. 
—C. triangularis, Metcalf. Proc. Zool. xix. 74. 1851. is Cyrena 


triangula, v. d. Busch. 
—C. trigona, Desh, Cog. Foss. Par. 1, 118. pl. 19, f. 16,17. 1824. Is 


Corbicula triangula, Pr. 


165. C. trigona, Roemer, Oolit. 1, 116, pl. ix. f, 7. 1835. 
Cyclas trigona, Glf, Petr. 2, 233, pl. 147, f. 11. 1836—40. 
Cyrena Roemeri, Dkr. Wald. 41. 1834. 


Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 
—C. trigonella, Lam. Lam.v. 552. 1818. Is Corbicula trigon- 


ena wkr: 
—C. trigonula, Wood. Ann. Mag. n. h. vii. 275, f. 45. 1841. Is 


Corbicula Duchastelli, Syst. 
—C. truncata, Lam. Lam. vy. 553..1818. Is Corbicula truncata, 


Pr: 
166. C, tumida, Pr. 
Cyrena angulata, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 22. 1854. 
Hab. ? 
167. C. turgida, Lea. Amer. Phil. Soc. v. 109, pl. 18, f, 53. 1832. 
Hab. ? 
168. C. umbonata, Auton. Conch. 13. 1839. 
Hab. Europe, (fossil.) 
169. C. unionides, Dkr. Wald, 150. 1834. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 
170. C. unioniformis, Desh. Invt. Par. 503, pl. 38, f. 5,6. 1857. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 
171. C. Vanikorensis, Quoy. Voy, Astrol. 3, 515, pl. 82, f. 4,5. 1834, 


Hab. Vanikoro. 

—C. Vapincana, Bgt. Sph. Fr. 51. 1854. Is Corbicula Vapin- 
cana, Prime. 

—C. variegata, d’Orb. Mag. Zool. 44. 1835. Is Corbicula vari- 
egata, Adams. 

—C. veneriformis, Desh. Invt. Par. 499, pl. 38,f.1,1. 1857. Is 
Corbicula veneriformis, Desh. 

[June, 


bo 
(9) 
~I 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 


172. C. ventricosa, Desh. Proc. Zool, xxii, 16, 1854. 
Hab. Philippines. 


173, C. venulina, Dkr. Wald. 155, 1834. 
Hab, Germany, (fossil.) 
—C. violacea, Lam, Lam, v. 553. 1818. Is Batissa violacea, 
Adams, 
—C. Woodiana, Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, v. 110, pl. 18, f. 55. 
1832, Is Corbicula Woodiana, Adams. 


174. C. Wrightii, Forbes. Rec. Sci. 2, pl. iv. fi 4. 
Cyrena pulchra, Wright, Ann. n. h. 
Hab. England, (fossil.) 


175. OC. Zeylanica, Lam. Lam.v.1818. Delessert, pl. vii, 1841. 
Venus Ceylonica, Chemn., vi. 333, pl. 32, f. 336. 1769. 
V. coaxans, Gml. 3278, f. 336. 1788. 
Cyclas Zeylanica, Lam. Ann. Mus. vii, 420. 1806. 
Hab. Ceylon. 


176. C, Zimmermannii, Dkr. Wald, 151, 1834, 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 


SpH#riuM, Scopoli. 


1, Sph. acuminatum, Pr. Ads. rec. gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Cycl. acuminata, Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 155. 1851. Loc. sup. cit. iv. 283. 
1852. Jay, Cat. iv. ed. 466. 1852. Bet. Amen. 1,p.7. 1853. 
Cycl. albula, Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 155. 1851. Jay, Cat. iv. ed. 466. 1852. 
Bet. Amen. 1, p. 7. 1853. 
Cycl. inornata, Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 159. 1851. Loc. sup. cit. iv. 284. 
1852. Bgt. Amen. 1, p. 8. 1853. 
Cycl. simplex, Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 159. 1851. Loc. sup. cit. iv. 284. 1852. 
Sph. albulum, Pr. Ads. rec. gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Sph. inornatum, Pr. Loc. sup. cit. ii. 450. 1858. 
Sph. simplex, Pr. Loc. sup. cit. li. 450. 1858. 
Hab. N. Amer. 
—Cycl. acuta, Pf. Moll. Germ. 230. 1821. Is Pisid. Henslowianun, 
Jen. 
—Cycl. (Physemoda) e qualis, Rafin. Bory St. Vt. An. gen. sci. phy. v. 319. 
1820. Is Pisid. Virginicum, Bet. 
—Cycl. equata, Sheph. Mss. 1840. Is Sph. rivic ola, Lam. 
—Cycl. alata, Leach. Moll. Gt. Brit. 291. 1852. Is Sph. corneum, Scop. 
—Sph. albulum, Pr. Ads. rec. gen. ii. 450. 1858. Is Sph.acumina- 
tum, Pr. 
—Cycl. alpina, dOrb. Prod. 2,381. 1850. Is Cyrenaalpina, Bet. 
—Oycl.altilis, Anth. ©. B. Adams, Cat. 29. 1847. Is Pisid.compres- 
sum, Pr. 


Sph. altum, Dumt. & Mort. 
Cyclas alta, D. & M. Moll. Sav. 1852. 

Hab. Italy, (fossil.) 

—Cycl. anmica, Turt. Conch. 250, pl. 2, f.15. 1822. Is Pisidium an- 
micum, Jen. 

—Cycl. angulata, Sowb. Geol. Trans. 2d ser. iv. 176, 346, pl. xxi. f. 12. 
1836. Is Cyrena Mante}]li, Dkr. 

—Cycl.angustidens,dOrb. Prod. 2,304. 1850. Is Cyrenaangus- 
tidens, Desh. 

—Cycl.antiqua,d Orb. Prod. 2,304. 1850. IsCyrenaantiqua, Fer. 

—Oycl.appendiculata, Turt. Man. 15, pl.1,f. 6. 1831. Is Pisidium 
Henslowianum, Jen. 


be 


1860.] 


288 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


. Sph. Aque Sextize,Sowb. Bet. Sph. 45. 1854. 
Cycl. aque-Sextie, Sowb. Edin. New Phil. Il. vii, 296. 1829. 
Cycl. Gargasensis, Math. Cat. Méth. 147, pl. xiv. f. 6. 1842. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 
—Cycl. Aquensis, Math. Cat. Méth. 148, pl. xiv. f. 8-9. 1842. Is Sph. 
gibbosum, Sowb. 


io) 


it 


. Sph.argentinum,d Orb. Ads. rec. gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Cycl. argentina, d’Orb. Mag. Zool. 1835. d’Orb. Voy. Amer. 568, 
pl. Sa, 1355 (elisa 
Hab. S. Amer. 


5. Sph. aureum, Pr. Ads. rec. gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Cycl. aurea, Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 159, 1851. Loc. sup. cit. iv. 288. 
1852. Jay, Cat. iv, ed. 465, 1852. Bet. Amen, 1, p. 7. 1853. 
Hab. N, Amer, 
Cycl. Australis, Lam. Lam.v.560. 1818. Is Corbicula Austra- 
lis, Desh. 


6, Sph. Bahiense, Spix. 

Cycl. Bahiensis, Spix. Test. Braz. 32, pl, xxv. f. 5,6. 1827. Mori- 
cand mem. coq, terr. fluv. Br, 31, Bet, Amen. 1, p. 7, 53. 1853. 

C. maculata, Anton. Wiegm. Archiv, 284. 1837, Anton. Verz. 14. 
1839. 

Musculium Bahiense, Spix. Ads. rec. gen. ii. 451. 1858. 

M, maculatum, Anton. Loc. sup. cit. ii. 451, 1858. 

Pisum Bahiense, Spix. Loc. sup. cit. ii. 560. 1858, 

P. maculatum, Anton, Loc. sap. cit. ii, 560, 1858. 

Hab. S, Amer. 


7, Sph, Boissyii, Desh. Inv. Paris, 521, pl. 34, f. 37,39. 1857. 
Hab, France, (fossil.) 
—Cycl. borealis, Lam. Ann, Mus. vii. 421. 1806. Is a Venus. 


8, Sph. Bristovi, Forbes. 
Cycl. Bristovi, Forbes, Rec. Scie. 2, pl. 2, f. 3. Morris, Cat. Brit. Fos. 198. 
1854, 
Hab, England, (fossil.) 


9. Sph. Brochonianum, Bet. Sph. 20, pl. 3, f. 1,5. 1854. 
Cycl. Corsa, Charp. Mss. 
Hab. France. 


10. Sph. Brongniarti, Koch et Dkr. 
Cycl. Brongniarti, K. et D. Oolit. 59, pl. vii. f. 4, a, b. 1837. 
Hab. Europe, (fossil.) 
pepe rongniarti, @Orb. Prod. 3,109. 1852. Is Cyrena Sirena, 
r. 
—Cycl, Brongniartina, Math. Cat. Méth. 145, pl. xiv. f. 2. 1842. Is 
Pisid. cuneatum, Petit. 


11. Sph. Buchi, Dkr. 
Cycl. Buchi, Dkr. Wald. 167. 1834. 
Hab. Germ. (fossil.) 


12. Sph. bulbosum, Anth. Ads. rec. gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Cycl. bulbosa, Anth. Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 283. 1852. 
Hab. N. Amer. 
—Sph. ceruleum, Pr. Ads. rec. gen. ii. 450. 1858. Is Sph. partu- 
meium, Say. 
—Cycl. calyculata, Drap. Hist. Moll. 130, pl. x. f. 13, 14. 1805. Is 
Sph. lacustre, Fer. 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 289 


13. Sph. capense, Krauss. Ads. rec. gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Cycl. capensis, Kr. Moll. S. Afr. 7, pl. 1, f. 6. 1848. 
Hab. Africa. 


14. Sph. cardissum, Pr. Ads. rec. gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Cycl. cardissa, Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 160. 1851. Loc. sup. cit. iv. 2 

1852. Bet. Amen. 1,p.7. 1853. Lewis, Bost. Proc. v. 122. 18 

Hab. N. Amer. 

—Oyel. carinata, Goldf. Petr. Germ. 2, 232, pl. 147, f. 9, a,c. 1834- 
40. Is Cyrena Mantelli, Dkr. 

—Cycl. Caroliniana, Bosc. Hist. Cog. 3, 37, pl. 18, f. 4. 1802. Is 
Cyrena Caroliniensis, Lam. 

—Cycl. Caroliniensis, Bosc. Fer. Cat. Méth. 84. 1807. Is Cyrena 
Caroliniensis, Lam. 

—Sph. castaneum, Pr. Ads. rec. gen. li. 450. 1858. Is Sph. fabalis, 
Pre 


15. Sph. castrense, Noulet. Coq. fos. etc., 16. 1857. 

Hab. France, (fossil.) 

—Cycl. Chilensis, @Orb. Voy. Amer. Sept. 568, pl. 83, f. 11, 13. 1844. 
Is Corbicula Chilensis, Pr. 

—Cycl. Chinensis, Lam. Amer. Mus. vii. 421. 1806. Is Corbicula 
fluminea, Adams. 

—Cycl. cinerea, Hanl. Rec. spec. 1,91. 1843. Is Pisid. caserta- 
num, Bet. 

—Cycl. citrina, Brown. Conch. Gt. Brit. 132, pl. 39, f. 37. 1849. Is Sph. 
corneum, Scop. 

—Sph. citrinum, Normd. Cycl. Dépt. Nord. 1. 1854. Is Sph. Scal- 
dianum, Norm. 


16. Sph. clandestinum, da Costa? 
Cycl. clandestina, da Costa. Jay, Cat. iv. ed. 32. 1850, (Undescribed.) 
Hab. S. Amer. 


17. Sph. concentricum, Bronn. 
Cycl. concentrica, Br. Ital. tert. gebild. 96. 1831. 
Hab. Italy, (fossil.) 


18. Sph. concinnum, Sowb. Bet. Sph. 43. 1854. 
Cycl. concinna, Sowb. Edin. N. Phil. Il. vii. 297. 1829. 
C. Galloprovincialis, Math. Cat. Méth. 146, pl. xiv. f. 34. 1842. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 
—Sph. consobrinum, Fer. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. Is Sph. 
ovale, Fer. 
—Cycl. consobrina, Cail. Reeve, Conch. Nomencl. 29, 1845. Is Cor- 
bicula orientalis, Adams. 
—Sph. constrictum, Anth. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. Is Sph. 
transversum, Say. 


19. Spb. Coquandianum, Math. Bgt. Sph. 46. 1854. 
Cycl. Coquandiana, Math. Cat. Meth. 147, pl. xiv. f. 7. 1842. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


20. Sph. corneum, Scop. Intr. ad Hist. Nat. 397. 1777. 
Clama cinerea, d’Arg. Conch. 2d pt. 368, 374, pl.31. 1742. 
Tellina cornea, Linn. Syst. Nat. (10th ed.) 1, 678. 1758. 
T. rivalis, Mull. Hist. Verm. 2, 202. 1774. 
Cycl. cornea, (pars.) Drap. tabl. Moll. 105, No. 1, var.b. 1801. 
Cardium corneum, Mont. Test. Brit. 86. 1803. 
C. amnicum, Pult. Cat. 31. 1803. 
Cycl. vivalis, Drap. Hist. Moll. 129, pl. x. f. 45. 1805. 


1860.] 


290 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Tellina communis, Megerle. Berl. Mag. 1811. 
Cycl. nucleus, Stud. Mem. Soc. Helv. Sci. Nat. 1, p. 25, pl. 2, f. 23. 
1837. ; 
C. lutea, Ziegler. Anton. Verg.14. 1839. 
C. stagnicola, Leach. Mss. Brit. Mus. 1840. 
C. Leachii, Ziegler. Villa. Cat. 44. 1841. 
C. tumida, Ziegler. Loc. Sup. Cit. 44. 1841. 
C. globosa, Megerle. Loc. Sup. Cit. 44. 1841. 
C. plumbeus, ?. Loc. Sup. Cit. 44. 1841. 
C. flavescens, McGillvi. Moll. Scot. 208,246. 1844. 
Pisidium cornea, Verany. Cat. Jur.13. 1846. 
Cycladites corneus, Kriig. Urwelt. 2, 469. Bronn. Paleont. 1, 372. 1846. 
Cycl. citrina, Brown. Conch. Grt. Brit. 132. pl. 39, f. 37. 1849. 
C. isocardioides, Norm. Dup. Moll. 668. 1852. 
C. alata, Leach. Moll. Gt. Brit. 291. 1852. 
C. fossarum, Kryn. Bgt. Amen. 1, p. 8. 1853. 
Hab. Europe. 
—Cycl. Corsa, Charp. Mss. IsSph. Brochonianum, Bet. 
—Cycl. crassa, d’Orb. Prod. 2, 422. 1850. Is OCyrena crassa 
Desh. 


21. Sph. Creplini, Dukr. Norm. Cycl. 3. 1854. 
Cycl, Creplini, Dukr. Zeit. Malak. 20. 1845. Muscul, (do.) Dkr. Ads. 

Rec. Gen. ii. 451. 1858. Pisum, (do.) Dkr. Loc. Sup. Cit. ii. 560. 
1858. 

Hab. Europe. 

—Cycl. crocea, Lewis, Bost. Proc. v. 25. 1854. IsSph.securis, Pr. 

—Cycl. cuneata, Sowb. Edin. n. Phil. Il. vii. 297. 1829. Is Pisid. 
cuneatum, Petit. 

—Cycl. cuneiformis, Sowb. Min. Conch. 2, 140, pl. 162, f. 2,3. 1818. 
Is Cyrena cuneiformis, Fér. 

—Cycl. cycladiformis, d’Orb. Prod. 2,381. 1850. Is Cyrena cy- 
cladiformis, Desh. 

—Cycl. cyraenopsis, Val. Encycl. pl. 301, f. 3. Is ?. 


22. Sph. Ddingoli, Bivona. Ann. N. Y. Lye. vii. 97. 1859. 
Cycl. Diingoli, Bivon. Coq. Palerm. 3. 1839. 
Pisid. Ddingoli, Bivon. Villa. Cat. 44. 1841. 
Hab. Sicily. 
—Cycl. Denainvilliersi, Boissy. Bull. Soc. Geol, Fr. 2d ser. iv. 
178. 1846. Is Pisid. Denainvilliersi, Desh. 
—Cycl. densata, d’Orb. Prod. 3,109. 1852. Is Cyrena densata, 
Conrad. 


23. Sph. dentatum, Hald. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Cycl. dentata, Hald. Ac. N. S. Phil. Proc. 1, 100. 1841. Pr. Bost 
Proc. iv. 250. 1852. 
Hab. N. Amer. ° 
—Cycl. deperdita, Lam. An. Mus. vii. 421. 1806. Is Corbicula de- 
perdita, Desh. 
—Cycl. depressa, Nyst. Coq. fos. Anv. 36, pl. v. f.5,6. Is Erycina 
depressa, Nyst. 
—Sph. Deshayesianum, Bgt. Amen.i.p. 6. 1853. Is Sph. ovale, 
Fer. 
—Sph. detruncatum, Pr. Ads. rec. gen. ii. 450. 1858. Is Sph. 
transversum, Say. 
—Cycl. diaphana, Pr. Bost. Il. vi. 367. 1852. IsSph. maculatum, 
Morlt. 
[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 291 


—Sph. distortum, Pr. Ads. rec. gen. ii. 450. 1858. Is Sph. solidu- 
lum, Pr. 

—Sph. dubium, Say. Ads. rec. gen. ii. 450. 1858. Is Pisid. Vir gini- 
cum, Bet. 

—Cycl. dubiosa, Say. Reeve’s Conch. Nomen. 29. 1845. Is Pisid. Vir- 
ginicum, Bet. 

—Cycl. duplicata, Pf. Moll. Germ. 230. 1821. Is Pisid. duplica- 
tum, Pf. 

—Cycl. Dupontia, Fer. Cat. 20. 1837. IsCyrenellaDupontia, Joan. 


24. Sph.eburneum, Anth. Ads. rec. gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Cycl. eburnea, Anth. in Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 279. 1852. 
Hab. N. Amer. 
—Cycl. edentula, Say. New Harm. Dissem. 2, 356. 1829. Is Sph. 
striatinum, Lam. 


25. Sph. egregium, Gould. (non Say.) Ads. rec. gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Cycl. egregia, Gl. Bost. Proc. 3, 292. 1850. 
Hab. Oceanica. 
—Sph. elegans, C. B., Ads. Ads. rec. gen. ii. 450. 1868. Is Sph. 
rhonoboideum, Say. 


26. Sph. elevatum, Hald. Ads. rec. gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Cycl. elevata, Hald. Ac. N.S. Phil. Proc. i. 53. 1841. DeKay, 224. 
1842. Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 280. 1852. Bgt. Amen. i. p. 8. 1853. 
Cycl. pallida, Charp. Mss. 1851. 
Hab. N. Amer. 
—Cycl. elongata, Sowb. Gosl. trans. n. ser. iv. 345, pl. 21, f. 9. 1836. 
Is Cyrena elongata, Dkr. 


27. Sph. emarginatum, Pr. Ads. rec. gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Cycl. emarginata, Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 156. 1851. loc. sup. cit. iv. 283. 
1852. Jay. Cat. iv. ed. 466. 1852. Bgt. Amen. i. p. 8. 1853. 
Hab. N. Amer. 
—Cycl. erebea, d’Orb. Prod. 2, 223. 1850. Is Cyrenaerebea, Pr. 
—Cycl. Euphratica, Lamk. An. Mus. vii. 420. 1806. Encycl. pl. 
302, f. 2, pl. 302, f. 2. Is Corbiculafluminalis, Adams. 


28. Sph. faba, Miinster. 
Cycl. faba, Miinst. Goldf. Petr. 2, 232, pl. 147, f. 8, a, c. 1834-40. 
Hab. Germ. (fossil.) 


29. Sph. fabalis, Pr. Ads. rec. gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Cycl. fabalis, Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 159, 1851. Jay. Cat. iv. ed. 465. 
1852. Bost. Proc. iv. 273. 1852. Bgt. Amen. i. p. 8. 1853. 
Cycl. castanea, Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 160. 1851. loc. sup. cit. iv. 273. 
1852. Bet. Amen. i. p. 8. 1853. 
Cysl. salculosa, Charp. MSS. 1851. 
Sph. castaneum, Pr. Ads. rec. gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Hab. N. Amer. 
—Cycl. fasciata, Gldf. Petr. 2, 232, pl. 147, f. 10, a, b. 1834-40. Is 
Cyrena fasciata, Roemer. 
--Cycl. Faujasii, d’Orb. Prod. 3, 109. 1852. Is Cyrena Faujasii, 
Desh. 


30. Sph. ferrugineum, Kr. 
Cycl. ferruginea, Kr. Moll. 8. Afr. 7, pl. i. f. 7. 1848. 
Pisid parasiticum, Parr. MSS. 
Musculium parasiticum, Ads. rec. gen. ii. 452. 1858. 
oe Serrugineum, Kr. loc. sup. cit. ii. 451. 1858. 
Pisum parasiticum, Parr. loc. sup. cit. li. 500. 1858. 


1860.] 


292 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Masculium ferrugineum, Kr. loc. sup. cit. ii. 560. 1858. 
Hab. Africa. 
—Cycl. Ferrusaci, d’Orb. Prod. 3, 19. 1852. Is Cyrena Ferrusaci, 
Math. 
—Cycl. flavescens, McGil. Moll. Scot. 208, 246. 1844. Is Sph. cor- 
neum, Scop. 


31. Sph. flavum, Pr. Ads. rec. gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Cycl. flava, Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 155. 1851. Jay, Cat. iv. ed. 465. 

1852. Bost. Proc. iv. 284. 1852. Bgt. Amen. i. p. 8. 1853. 

Hab. N. Amer. 

—Cycl. fluminea, Bose. H. n. cog. 3, 38. 1802. Is Corbicula flu- 
minea, Adams. 

—Cycl. fluviatilis, Bosc. H.n. cog. 3, 38. 1802. Is Corbicula flu- 
minalis, Adams. 

—Cycl. Fontaineii, @’Orb. Voy. Amer. 569, pl. 83, f. 14, 15. 1844. 
Is Cyrena Fontaineii, Phil. 

—Cycl. fontinalis, Drap. Hist. Moll. 130, pl. x. f. 11,12. 1805. Is 
Pisid. pusillum, Jen. 


32. Sph. formosum, Meek & Hayden. 
Cycl. formosa, M. & H. Ac. N.S. Phil. Proc. viii, 115. 1856. 
Hab. N. Amer. (fossil.) 
—-Cycl. fossarum, Kryn. Mss. (Bet. Sph. 25. 1854.) Is Sph. corne- 
um, Scop. 
—Cycl. fossulata, d’Orb. Prod. 2, 60. 1850. Is Cyrena fossulata, 
Cornnel. 


33. Sph. fragile, Meek & Hayden. 
Cycl. fragilis, M. & H. Ac. N.S. Phil. Proc. viii. 115. 1856. 
Hab. N. Amer. (fossil. ) 


34. Sph. fuscatum, Rafin. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Cycl. fuscata, Rafin. Mss. Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 281. 1852. Lewis, 
Bost. Proc. v. 122. 1855. 
Hab.. N. Amer. 
—Cycl. Galloprovincialis, Math. Cat. Méth. 146, pl. xiv. f. 34. 
1842. Is Sph. concinnum, Sowb. 


35. Sph. Gardanense, Math. Bet. Sph. 44. 1854. 
Cycl. Gardanensis, Math. Math. Cat. Méth. 145, pl. xiv. f. i. 1842. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 
—Cycl. Gargasensis, Math. Cat. Méth. 147. pl. xiv. f. 6. 1842. Is 
Aque Se xtiae, Sowb. 
—Cycl. Geslini, d’Orb. Prod. 3,109. 1852. Is Cyrena Geslini, Desh. 
—Cycl. gibba, Ald. Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Northumb. 1, pt. 1, p. 41, 
1830. Is Psid. obtus ale, Pf. 


36. Sph. gibbosum, Sowb. Bgt. Sph. 45. 1854. 
Cycl. gibbosa, Sowb. Edin. N. Phil. Il. vii. 297. 1829. 
Cycl. Aquensis, Math. Cat. Méth. 148, pl. xiv. f. 8, 9. 1842. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 
—Sph. giganteum, Pr. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 458. 1858. Is Sph. sulca- 
tum, Lam. ; 
—Cycl. globosa, Megerle. Ville, Cat. 44, 1841. Is Sph. corneum, 
Scop. 
—Cycl. globosa, d’Orb. Prod. 3, 19, 1852. Is Cyreua globosa, Math. 
—Cycl. globus, Dubois. Fos. Wohln. 59, pl. vi. f. 18, 19, 1831. Is 
Erycina globus, d’Orh. 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 293 


37. Sph. gracile, Pr. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Cycl. gracilis, Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 156. 1851. loc. sup. cit. iv. 274. 1852. 
Bet. Amen. 1, p. 8. 1853. 
Hab. N. America. 
—Cycl. Gravesi, @’Orb. Prod. 2, 323. 1850. Is Cyrena Gravesi, Desh. 
—Cycl. hammalis, Rafin. Bory. It. Vt. Amen. gen. scie. phy. v. 319. 
1820. Is Corbiculahammalis, Fer. 
—Cycl. hermaphrodita, Mart. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1, 402, pl. lin tis Nee 
Is Galathea radiata. 
—Sph. Herminii, Wald. In Collect. Cuming. 1859. Is Pisid. casesta- 
num, Bet. 
38. Sph.inconspicuum, Pr. Proc. Zool. xxviii. 1860. 
Hab. Asia Minor. 


39. Sph. Indicum, Desh. Proc. Zool. xxii. 342. 1854. 

Hab. E. Indies. 

—Sph.inornatum, Pr. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. Is Sph. acumi- 
Maisie eT 

—Cycl. intermedia, d@Orb. Prod. 2, 304. 1850. Is Cyrenainterme- 
dia, Desh. 

—Cycl. Islandica, Lam. An. Mus. vii. 420. 1806. IsCyprina Islan- 
dica. 

—Cycl. isocardioides, Norm. Drap. Moll. Fr. 668. 1852. Is Sph. 
corneum, Scop. 


40. Sph. Jayanum, Pr. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Cycl. Jayensis, Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 157. 1851. Loc. sup. cit. iv. 279. 
1852. Jay, Cat. iv. ed. 465. 1852. Bgt. Amen. 1, p. 8. 1853. 
Hab. N. America. 


41. Sph. Jeannoti, Norm. Cycl. 2. 1854. 
Hab. France. 


42. Sph. Jugleri, Dkr. 
Cycl. Jugleri, Dkr. Wild. 168. 1834. 
Hab. Germ. (fossils.) 
—Cycl. lacustris, Drap. Hist. Moll. 130, pl. x. f. 6, 7. 1805. Is Sph. 
ovale, Fer. 


43. Sph.lacustre, Fer. Bgt. Amen. 1, p. 6. 1853. 
Tellina lacustris, Muller. Verm. 2, 204. 1774. 
Cardium lacustre, Mont. Test. Brit. 89. 1803. 
Cycl. calyculata, Drap. Hist. Moll. 130, pl. x. f. 14,15. 1805. 
Musculium lacustre, Link. Beschr. Coll. Univ. Rostock, 152. 1807. 
Cycl. lacustris, Fer. Meth. Conch. 128. 1807. 
Tellina tuberculata, Alten. Syst. Abh. 4, pl. 1, f. 1. 1812. 
T. tenera, Schrot. An. Wett. x. 316. 1814. 
Cycl. tuberculata, Klees. Dissert, Tub. 45. 1818. 
Tellina stagnicola, Sheph. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 150. 1823. 
Cycl. Perezeii, Villa. Mss. 1858. 
Hab. Europe. 
—Cycl. laevigata, Schum. 170, pl. xii. f.1. 1817. Is Corbicula flu mi- 
nalis, Adams. 
—Cycl. laevigata, Desh. Dict. class. Hist. Nat. v. 220. 1824. Is Pisid. 
laevigatum, Bet. 
—Cycl. lasmampsis, Rafin. Bory, St. Vt. An. gen. scie. phy. v. 319, 
pl. 82, f. 19, 21. 1820. Is Sph. sulcatum, Lam. 
—Cycl. Leachii, Ziegl. Villa. Cat. 44. 1841. Is Sph. corneum, Scop. 
—Cycl.lenticularis, Norm. Cycl. 8. 1844. Is Pisid. casertanum, 


Bet. 
1860.] 


294 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


—Cycl.lenticularis, Boissy. Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr. 2nd ser. iv. 173. 
1846. Is. Sph. Verneuili, Boissy. 

—Cycl. limosa,d’Orb. Voy. Amer. (err.) pl. 82, f. 14, 16. 1844. Is 
Corbicula variegata, Adams. 

—Cycl. littoralis, Fer. Fer. in collect. Michaud. Is Sph. macula- 
tum, Morelet. 

—Cycl. lutea, Ziegl. Anton. Verz. 14. 1839. Is Sph. corneum, Scop. 

—Cycl. maculata, Anton. Wiegm. Archiv. 284. 1837. Is Sph. 
Bahiense, Spix. 


44. Sph.maculatum, Morelet. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Cycl. maculata, Mt. Test. nov. etc. pt. 2, 25. 1851. Bgt. Amen. 1, p. 
8. 1853. 
Cycl. striatella, Fer. Cat. 20. 1837. Collect. Mus. Paris. 
Cycl. littoralis, Fer. Fer. in Collect. Michaud.—Beau. Cat. Moll. Guade- 
loupe, 24. 1858. 
Pisid diaphanum, Hald. Ac. N.S. Phil. Proc. 1, 53. 1841. 
Cycl. diaphana, Pr. Bost. Il. vi. 267. 1852. 
Pisid. Moquinianum, Bgt. Amen. 1, p. 61, pl. 3, f. 13, 17. 1855. 
Cycl. Moquiniana, Gas. Pisid. q. 1855. 
Cycl. Venezuelensis, Pr. Pr. in Collect. Mus. Leiden. 1857. 
—Cycl. major, Sowb. Geol. Trans. n. ser. iv. 176, 346. pl. 21. f. 13. 
1836. Is. Cyrena major, Morris. 
—Cycl, majuscula, Gldf. Pr. Gerea. 2, 232. pl. 147, f. 6, a,c. 183440. 
Is Cyrenamajuscula, Remer. 


45. Sph. Mansianum, Noulet. Cog. fos. 16. 1857. 

Hab. France, (fossil.) 

—Cycl. maritima, d’Orb. Cuba, 2, p. 350, pl. 21, f. 47, 50. 1853. Is 
Cyrena Cubensis, Prime. 

—Cycl. Matheroni, d’Orb. Prod. 2, 304. 1850. Is Pisid cuneatum, 
Petit. 

—Cycl.medius, Sowb. Min. Conch. vi. 51, pl. 527, f.2, 1829. Is Cyrena 
media, Fitton. 

—Cycl. membranaceus, Sowb. Min. Conch. vi. 51, pl. 527, f..3. 
1829. Is Cyrenamembranacea, Fitton. 

—Cycl. minima, Stud. Verz. 93. 1820. Is Pisid. obtusale, Pf. 

—Cycl.minor, C. B. Ads. Bost.Proc. 1, 48. 1841. Is Pisid. abditum, 
Hald. 

—Sph. mirabile, Pr. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. Is Sph. partu- 
meium, Say. 

—Sph.modestum, Pr. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. Is Sph. stria- 
tinum, Lam. 


46. Sph. modioliforme, Anton. 
Cycl. modioliformis, Anton. Wiegm. Archiv. 284. 1837. Auton. Verz. 
14. 1839. 
Musculium modioliformis, Anton. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 451. 1858. 
Pisum modioliforme, Anton. Ads. loc. sup. cit. ii. 560. 1858. 
Hab. 8S. America. 
—Cycl. Moquiniana, Gas. Pisid. g, 1855. Is Sph. maculatum, 
Morelet. 
—Cycl. Nepeansis, Les. Voy. Coq. ii. 4, 28. pl. 13, f. 14, 1830. Ads. 
Is Corbicula Nepeansis, Adams. 
—Sph. nitidum, C. B. Ads. & Mighl. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. Is 
Pisid. Adamsi, Pr. 
—Cycl. nitida, Hanley. Rec. spec. etc. 1. go. pl. 14. f. 46. 1843. Is 
Pisid nitidum, Jen. 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 295 


47. Sph. nobile, Gld. 
Cycl. nobilis, Gld. Bost. Proc. v. 229. 1855: 


Hab. Oceanica. 


48. Sph. Normandi. Michaud. 
Cycl. Normandi, Mich. Cog. fos. Hauterive, 27 pl. v. f. 22, 24. 1854. 
(extra. Bull. Linn. Soc. Lyons.) 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 
49. Sph. Nova-Zelandiae, Desh. Proc. Zool. 22, p. 342. 1854. 
Hab. N. Zealand & N. Holland. 
—Cycl. nucleus, Stud. Mem. Soc. Helv. Sci, Nat. 1, p. 25, pl. 2. f. 23. 
1837. Is Sph. corneum, Scop. 
—Cycl. nuclea, Boissy. Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr. 2nd ser. iv. 175, 1846. Is 
Pisid. nucle um, Bet. 


50. Sph.numismale, Math. Bgt. Sph. 46. 1854. 
Cycl. numismalis, Math. Cat. Méth. 146, pl. 14, f. 5. 1842. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 
—Cycl.obliqua, Lam. Lam. v.559. 1818. Is Pisid. amnicum, Jen. 
—Cycl. obovata, Sowb. Min. Conch. 2, 140, pl. 165, f. 4, 6. 1818. 
Is Cyrena obo vata, Desh. 
—Cycl.obtusalis, Lam. Lam. v. 559. 1818. Is Pisid. obtusale, Pf. 


51. Sph. occidentale, Pr. 
Cycl. ovalis, Pr. (non Fer.) Bost. Proc. iv. 276. 1852. 
Cycl. occidentalis, Pr. Lewis, in loc. sup. cit. v. 122. 1855. Lewis, 
loc. sup. cit. vi. 2. 1856. 
Sph. ovale, Stimps. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Hab. N. America. 
52. Sph. oepfingense, Kl. 
Cycl. oepfingensis, Kl. Wiirt. Jhrb. 2, p. 95, pl. 2, f. 19. 1846. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 
—Sph. orbicularium, Barrat. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. Is Sph. 
partumeium, Say. 
—fycl. orbicularis, Gldf. Petr. Germr. 5, 231, pl. 147, f. 5, a. 6. 
1834-40. Is Cyrenaorbicularis, Roemer. 


53. Sph. ovale, Fer. Bgt. Sph. 31, pl. iv. f. 10. 1854. 

Cycl. lacustris,* Dep. Hist. Moll. 130. pl. x. p. 6, 7. 1805. 
Cycl. ovalis, Fer. Méth. Conch. 2d ed. 128, 136. 1807. 
Cycl. consobrina, Fer. Dict. Scie. Nat. xii. 279. 1818. 
Sph. Deshayesianum, Bgt. Amen. 1, p. 6. 1853. 
Sph. consobrinum, Fer. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. 

Hab. Europe. 

—Cycl. ovalis, Nels. Il. Conch. 2, p. 408. 1851. Is Pisid. obtusale, 

Pf. 


Sph. ovale, Pr. (non Stimps.) Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450, 1858. Is Sph. oc- 

cidentale, Pr. 
54. Sph. ovatum, Lewis. 
Cycl. ovata, Lewis. Bost. Proc. vi. 2. 1856. 

Hab. N. America. 

—Cycl. pallida, Charp. Mss. 1851. IsSph. elevatum, Hald. 

—Sph. pallidum, Gray. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. IsSph. corneum, 
Scop. 

—Cycl. palustris, Drap. Tabl. Moll.106. 1801. Is Pisid. amnicum, 
Jen. 


*Non Tellina lacustris, Muller, which is Sph, lacustre. 


1860.] 


296 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


—Cycl. Paranensis, d’Orb. Voy. Amer. Sept. 567. pl. 83. f. 23, 25. 
1844. Is Corbicula Paranacensis, Pr. 


55. Sph. Parisiense, Pr. 


Cycs. transversa, Ley. Grateloup. Moll. Fr. Cont. 49 1855. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 


56. Sph. partumeium, Say. Bet. Sph. 12. 1854. 

Cycl. partumeia, Say. Ac. N.S. Phil. Il. 2, 380. 1822. Fer. Mag. Zool. 
1835. Jay, Cat. 3d ed. 16. 1839. Gould, Rept. 73, f. 54. 1841. 
Dekay, 223, pl. 25, f. 262. 1842. C. B. Ads. Vt. 18. 1842. Mighles. 
Bost. Il. iv. 318. 1843. Limsl. Amer. Il. 48, 276. 1845. C. B. Ads. 
Cat. 30. 1847. Jay. Cat. iv. ed. 32.1850. Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 165. 
1851. Stimps. N. E. Moll. 16.1851. Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 278. 1852. 
Hartm. Cat. 1853. Bgt. Amen. 1, p. g. 1853. Lew. Bost. Proc. v. 
122. 1855. Lew. loc. sup. cit. vi. 2. 1856. 

C. cornea, Lam. (Var. 2.) Lam. vi. 558, 1818. Lam. (Desh ed. vi.) 
268. 1835. 

C. orbicularia, Barrat. Linsl. Amer. Il. 48, p. 276. 1845. Bgt. Amen. 
Tape. abs. 

C. mirabilis, Pr. Bost Proc. iv. 167. 1851. Bet. Amen. 1, p. 8 1853. 

C. cerulea, Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 161. 1851. Jay, Cat. iv. ed. 465. 1852. 
Bgt. Amen. 1, p. 7. 1855. 

Sph. orbicularium, Barrat. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. 

Sph. mirabile, Pr. Loc. sup. cit. ii. 450. 1858. 

Sph. ceruleum, Pr. Loe. sup. cit. ii. 450. 1858. 

Hab. N. America. 
—Cycl. parva, Sowb. Trans. Geol. Soc. 2d ser. iv. 345. pl. xxi. f. 7. 
1856. Is Cyrena parva, Morris. 


57. Sph. patella, Gould. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Cyclas patella, Gld. Bost. Proc. iii. 292. 1850. Pr. loc. sup. cit. iv. 
285. 1852. 
Hab. N. America. 
—Sph. pellucidum, Pr. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. Is Sph. trun- 
catum, Linsl. > 


—Cycl. Perezeii, Villa. Mss. 1858. Is Sph.lacustre, Fer. 


58. Sph. perpusillum, Gartn. 
Cyclas perpusilla, Gartn. Ann. der Wetter. 316. 
Hab. Europe. 


—Cycl. Pfeifferi, Ziegl Porro. Malac. 121. 1838. Is Pisid. am ni- 
cum, Jen. 


59. Sph. pisidioides, Gray? Ads. Rec. Gen.ii. 450. 1858. 
Hab. England. (Not described.) 


60. Sph. pisum, Math. Bgt. sph. 43. 1854. 
Cyclas pisum, Math. Cat. Meth. 148, pl. xiv. f. 10,11. 1842. 
C. subpisum, @’Orb. Prod. 3,19. 1852. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 
—Cycl. pisum, @’Orb. Prod. 2, 322. 1850. Is Cyrena pisum, Desh. 
—Cycl.plumbeus. Villa. Cat. 44. 1841. Is Sph. corneum, Scop. 
—Sph. ponderosum, Pr. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. Is Sph. sul- 
catum, Lam. 
—Cycl. prisca, Eichw. Nat. Hist. Skizze. 207. Is Pisid. priscum, Eichw. 


61. Sph. prominullum, Reiss. Bgt. Sph. 47. 1854. 
Cyclas prominula, Reiss. Dkr. et Meyer Paleont. 2, 242, pl. iv. f. 14. 
1852. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil.) 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 297 


_ 


—Cycl. proserpina, d@’Orb. Prod. 2, 323. 1850. Is Cyrena proser- 
pina, Pr. 


§2. Sph. proximum, Alder? Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Hab? (Not described.) 


—Cycl. pulehella, Hanl. Proc. Spec. 1, 91. 1843. Is Pisid. case r- 
tanum, Bet. 


63. Sph. pulchellum, d’Orb. | 
Cyclas pulchella, d’Orb. Guer. Mag. Zool. 1835. Voy. Amer. Sept. 
568, pl. 83, f. 8-10. 1844. 
Musculium pulchellum, d’Orb. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 452. 1858. 
Pisum pulchelium, @Orb. Loc. sup. cit. ii. 560.. 1858. 
Hab. South America. 
—Cycl. pulcher, Sowb. Min. Conch. vi. 51, pl. 527, f. 1. 1829. Is Cyrena 
pulchra, Morris. 


—Cyel. pusilla, Turton. Man. 16, pl. 1,f. 7. 1831. 
lum, Jen. 


64. Sph. pygmeum, C. B. Adams. 
Cyclas pygmea, C. B. Adams. Contr. Conch. 44, 1849. Jay, Cat. iv. ed. 
465, 1852. Bgt. Amen. 1, p. 9, 53, 1853. 
Musculium pygmeum, C. B. Ads. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 452, 1858. 
Pisum pygmeum, C. B. Ads. Loc. sup. cit. ii. 660, 1858. 
Hab. W. Indies. 


—Cycl. radiata, Blainv. 2232. 1828. Is Galatearadiata, Lam. 


65. Sph. rhomboideum, Say. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Cyclas rhomboidea, Say. Ac. N.S. Phil. Il. ii. 380, 1822. Fer. Mag. 
Zool. 1835. Dekay, 224, pl. 25, f. 263, 1842. C. B. Ads. Vt. 18, 
1842. Linsl. Amer. Il. 48, 276, 1845. C. B. Ads. Cat. 30, 1847. 
Jay, Cat. iv. ed. 32, 1850. Stimps. N. C. Moll. 16,1851. Pr. Bost. 
Proc. iv. 272, 1852. Pr. An. N. Y. Lyc. vi. 66, pl. 1, f. 4—a, b, 1853. 
Bet. Amen. 1, p. 9. 1853. 
Cyclas cornea, Lam. var. 3. Lam. v. 558, 1818. Lam. (Desh. ed.) vi. 
268, 1835. 
. Cyclas elegans, Ads. Bost. Il. 3, 330, pl. 3, f. 11, 1840. Gould. Rept. 
74, f. 55, 1841. Dekay, 224, 1842. C.B. Ads. Vt. 18,1842. Linsl. 
Amer. Il. 48, 276, 1845. C.B. Ads. Cat. 30, 1847. Jay, Cat. iv. ed. 
32, 1850. Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 165, 1851. Stimps. N. E. Moll. 16, 
1851. Bgt. Amen. 1, p. 8.1853. Lewis Bost. Proc. v. 122, 1855. 
Sph. elegans, C. B. Adams. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450, 1858. 
Hab. WN. America. 
—Cycl. rivalis, Drap. Hist. Moll. 129, pl. x. f. 4,5. 1805. Is 
corneum, Scop. 


66. Sph. rivicola, Lam. Bgt. Amen. 1, p. 6, 1853. 
Chama albida, d’Arg. Conch. 2d pt. pl. 31, p. 368, 374, 1742. 
Tellina cornea, (pars.) Schrot. 189, pl. iv. f. 4, 1779. 
Cyclas cornea, (pars.) Draps. Tabl. Moll. 105, var. a, 1801. 
C. rivicola, Lam. Lam. v. 558, 1818. 
C. equata, Sheph. Mss. 1840. 
Sph. riviculum, Leach. Morch. Cat. Conch. etc. fase. 2, p. 30, 1853. 


Cycl. sabulicola, Kryn. Mss. (Bgt. Sph. 13, 1854.) 
Hab. Europe. 


Is Pisid. pusil- 


. Sph. 


67. Sph.rosaceum, Pr. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. 


Cyclas rosacea, Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 155, 1851. Loc. sup. cit. iv. 277. 
1852. 


Hab. N. America. 
—Cycl. Rouyana, d’Orb. Prod. 2, 381. 1850. Is Cyrena Rouyana, Bet. 
1860.] 


298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


68. Sph. rugosum, Dkr. 
Cyclas rugosa, Dkr. Dkr. & Meyer, Paleont. 1, 38, pl. 6, f. 15, 16, ab, 
1846. 
Hab. Germany, (fossil. ) 


69. Sph. Ryckholtii, Normd. Bgt. Amen. 1, p. 6. 1853. Normd. Cycl. 
3. 1854. 
Cyclas Ryckholtii, Normd. Cycl. 7, f. 5, 6, 1844. 
Sph. strictum, Normd. Cycl. 3, 1854. 
Hab. France. 
70. Sph. Rylliense, Boissy. 
Cyclas Rylliensis, Boissy. Bull. Soe. Géoi. Fr. 2d ser. iv. 178, 1846. 
Mem. Soc. Géol. Fr. 2d ser. 3, 270, pl. v. f. 5, a-c, 1848. 
Pisid. Rylliense, Bgt. Sph. 52, 1854. 


Hab. France, (fossil.) 

—Cycl. sabulicola, Kryn. Mss. (Bgt. Lph. 13. 1854. Is Sph. rivi- 
cola, Lam. 

—Cycl. Sarratogea, Lam. Lam. v. 560. 1818. IsSph. sulcatum, 
Lam. 


71. Sph. Scaldianum, Normd. Cyci.1. 1854. 
Cyclus Scaldiana, Normd. Cycl. 5, f. 1, 2, 1844. 
Sph. corneum, Scop. Bgt. Amen. 1, p. 6, 1854. 
S. citrinum, Normd. Cycl. 1, 1854. 
Hab. France. 
—Cycl. Sebetia, DaCosta. Cat. Syst. Tert. Sicil. pl. 2,f.6. 1829. Is 
Bornia corbuloides, Phil. 


72. Sph.securis, Pr. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450, 1858. 
Cyclas securis, Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 160, 1851. Stimp. N. E. Moll. 16, 
1851. An. N. Y. Lyc. v. 218, pl. vi., 1852. Bost. Proc. iv. 276, 1852. 
Jay, Cat. iv. ed. 466, 1852. Hartman, Cat. 1853. Bgt. Amen. 1, p. 9, 
1853. Lewis, Bost. Proc. v. 122, 1855. 
C. crocea, Lewis. Loc. sup. cit. v. 25, 1854; vi. 2, 1856. 
Hab. N. America. 
73. Sph.seminullum, Reuss. Bgt. Sph. 47. 1854. 
Cycl. seminulla, Reuss. Dkr. & Meyer Paleont. 2, 42, pl. iv. f. 15, 1852. 


Hab. Europe (fossil.) 

—Cycl. semistriata, d’Orb. Prod. 3, 19. 1852. Is Cyrenasemistri- 
ata, Desh. 

—Sph. simile, Say. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1818. Is Sph. suleatum, 
Lam. 

—Sph. simplex, Pr. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. Is Sph. acumi- 
natum, Pr. 

—Cycl. sirena, d’Orb. Prod. 2, 323. 1850. Is Cyrena sirena, Pr. 

—Cycl.solida, DeKay. 220, pl. 25, f. 265. 1842. Is Sph.sulcatum, 
Lam. 

74. Sph. solidum, Normd. Bgt. Amen. 1, p. 6, 1853. Normd. Cycl. 2, 1854. 
Cycl. solida, Normd. Cycl, 6, f. 3-4. 1844. 
Hab. France. 


75. Sph.solidulum, Pr. 
Cycl. solidula, Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 158, 1851. Loc. sup. cit. iv. 282, 


1852. Jay, Cat. iv. ed. 466, 1852. Bgt. Amen.1, p. 9, 1853. Lewis, 


Bost. Proc. v. 122, 1855. 
C. distorta, Pr. loc. sup. cit. iv. 158, 1851. Loc. sup. cit. iv. 285, 


1852. Bgt. Amen. 1, p. 7, 1853. Lewis, Bost. Proc. v. 122, 1855. 
Sph. distortum, Pr. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Hab. N. America, 
[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 299 


76. Sph. sphzricum, Anthony. Ads. Rec. gen. ii. 450, 1858. 
Cycl. spherica, Anth. Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 275. 1852. 
Hab. N. America. 
—Cycl. stagnicola, Leach. Mss. Brit. Mus. 1840. Is Sph. corneum, 
Scop. 
77. Sph.stamineum, Conrad. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Cycl. staminea, Conrad. Amer. Il. xxv. 342, pl. 1, f. 5, 1834. Fer. 
Mag. Zool. 1833. Dekay, 224, 1842. Jay, Cat. iv. ed. 32, 1850. Pr. 
Bost. Proc. iv. 281, 1852. Bgt. Amen. 1, p. 9, 1853. 


Hab. N. America. 
—Sph. Steenbuchii, Méller. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450, 1858. Is Pisid. 


Steen buchii, Morch. 


78. Sph. Steenii, Schmidt. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Cycl. Steenii, Schmidt. Zeit. Malae. 118. 1850. 


Hab. Germany. 
—Cycl. striatella, Fer. Cat. 20. 1837. Collect. Mus. Paris. Is Sph. 


maculatum, Morelet. 


79. Sph. striatinum, Lam. 
Cycl. striatina, Lam. Lam. v. 560, 1818, Lam. (Desh. edit.) vi. 271, 
1835. Delessert pl. vii. f. 4, 1841. Bgt. Amen. 1, p. 9, 1853. Pr. 
notes on Cycl. 1857. 
C. edentula, Say N. Harm. Dissem. 2, 1829. Fer. Mag. Zool. 1835. 
N. Harm. Dissem. (reprint) 10, 1840. DeKay 225, 1842. Bgt. Amen. 
1, p. 8, 1853. 
C. modesta, Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 159, 1851. Loc. sup. cit. iv. 284, 1852. 
Bet. Amen. 1, p. 8, 1853. Lewis, Bost. Proc. vi. 2, 1856. 
Sph. modestum, Pr. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Musculium edentulum, Say. Loc. sup. cit. ii. 451. 1858. 
Pisum edentulum, Say. Loc. sup. cit. ti. 560, 1858. 
—Sph. strictum, Normd. Cyel.3. 1854. IsSph. Ryekholtii, Normd. 
—Cycl. subdeperdita, d’Orb. Prod. 2, 305. 1850. Is Cyrenad ep er- 
dita, Desh. ’ 
—Cycl. subdepressa, d’Orb. Prod. 2, 381. 1850. Is Cyrena com- 
pressa, Desh. 


80. Sph. subellipticum, Meek & Hayden. 
Cycl. subelliptica, M. & H. Ac. N.S. Phil. Proc. viii. 115. 1856. 
Hab. N. Amer. (fossil.) 
—Cycl. sublevigata, d’Orb. Prod. 2, 304. 1850. Is Pisid. le viga- 
tum, Bgt. 
—Cycl. sublevis, Gldf. Petr. Germ. 2, 232, pl. 147, f. 7, a-b. 1834-40. 
Is Cyrenasublevis, Roemer. 
—Cycl. suborbicularis, d’Orb. Prod. 2, 304. 1850. Is Corbicula 
orbicularis, Pr. 
—Cycl. subpisum, d’Orb. Prod. 3, 19. 1852. Is Sph. pis um, Math. 
—Cycl. subquadrata, Sowb. Geol. Trans. 2d ser. iv. 177, 345, pl. 
xxi. f, 8. 1836. Is Cyrenasubquadrata, Morris. 
81. Sph. subtransversum, Pr. Proc. Zool. xxviii. 1860. 
Hab. Mexico. 
32. Sph. subtrigonum, Dkr. 
Cycl. subtrigona, Dkr. Wald. 168, 1834. 
Hab. Germ. (fossil.) 
83. Sph. suleatum, Lam. 
Cycl. sulcata, Lam. Lam.v. 560,1818. Lam. (Desh. ed.) vi. 271, 1835. 
Fer. Mag. Zool. 1835. Fer. Cat. 20, 1837. Delessert, pl. vii. f. 3, 
1841. Jay, Cat. iv. ed. 32, 1850. Stimp. N. E. Moll. 16, 1861. 
Bgt. Amen. i. p. 9, 1853. Pr. Notes Cyel. 1857. 


1860.] 


800 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Cycl. Saratogea, Lam. Lam. vy. 560, 1818. Lam. (Desh. ed.) vi. 
271, 1835. Fer. Mag. Zool. 1835. Delessert, pl. 7, f. 9,1841. Bgt. 
Amen. i. p. 9, 1853. 

Cycl. similis, Say. Rafin. in Bory. St. Vt. An. Gen. Sci. Phy. v. 319, 
1820. Fer. Mag. Zool. 1835. Fer. Cat. 20, 1837. Jay. Cat. 3, ed. 
16, 1839. Gould. Rept. 72, f. 53, 1841. DeKay, 222, pl. 25, f. 264, 
1842. Ads. Vt. 18, 1842. Linsl. Amer. Il. 48, 276, 1845. Ads. 
Cat. 30, 1847. Jay. Cat. iv. ed. 32, 1850. Pr. Bost..Proc. iv. 165, 
1851. Hartman, Cat. 1853. Bet. Amen. i. p. 9,1853. Lewis, Bost. 
Proc. v. 122, 1855. Lewis, loc. sup. cit. vi. 2, 1856. 

Cycl. lasmampsis, Rafin. Bory, St. Vt. An. Gen. Sci. Phy. v. 319, pl. 
82, f. 19, 20, 1820. Fer. Mag. Zool. 1835. Bgt. Amen.i.p. 8, 1853. 

Cycl. gigantea, Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 157, 1851. Loc. sup. cit. iv. 282, 
1852. Bgt. Amen. i. p. 8, 1853. 

Cycl. ponderosa, Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 157, 1851. Loc. sup. cit. iv. 282, 
1852. Bgt. Amen. i. p. 9, 1853. 

Cycl. striatina, Lam. Fr. Mag. Zool. 1835. 

Sph. giganteum, Pr. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450, 1858. 

Sph. ponderosum, Pr. Loc. sup. cit. ii. 450, 1858. 

Hab. N. Amer. 
—Cycl. sulculosa, Charp. Mss. 1851. Is Sph. fabale, Pr. 
—Cycl. tellinella, d@’Orb. Prod. 2, 304. 1850. Is Cyrena tellinel- 
la, Fer. 
84. Sph. tenue, Pr. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. 

Cycl. tenuis, Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 161, 1861. Loc. sup. cit. iv. 825, 

1852. 
Hab. N. Amer. 


85. Sph. tenuistriatum, Pr. Bgt. Sph. 12. 1854. 
Cycl. tenuistriata, Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 156, 1851. Loc. sup. cit. iv. 272, 
1852. Bgt. Amen. i. p. 9, 1853. 
Cycl. cornea, Drap. C. B. Adams, Cat. 29. 1847. 
Hab. N. Amer. 


86. Sphe Terverianum, Dup. Bgt. Amen. i. p. 6, 1853. Bgt. Sph. 19, 
pl. 2, f. 11, 15, 1854. 
Cycl. Terveriana, Dup. Cat. Extram. Gall. Tert. Vt. 87, 1849. 
Hab. France. 


87. Sph. transversum, Say. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Cycl. transversa, Say. New Harm. Diss. ii. 356, 1829. Fer. Mag. Zool. 
1835. New Harm. Diss. Rept. 10, 1840. DeKay, 224, 1842. Jay. 
Cat. iv. ed. 466, 1852. Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 274, 1852. Bgt. Amen. 
i. p. 9, 1853. Lewis, Bost. Proc. v. 122, 1855. Lewis, loc. sup. cit. 
vi. 2, 1856. 
Cycl. detruncata, Pr. Loc. sup. cit. iv. 155, 1851, iv. 273, 1852. Begt. 
Amen. i. p. 8, 1858. 
Cycl. constricta, Anthony. Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 274. 1852. 
Sph. detruncatum, Pr. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Sph. constrictum, Anth. Loc. sup. cit. ii. 450. 1858. 
Hab. N. America. 
—Cycl.transversa, Lev. Grateloup, Moll. Fr. Cont. 49. 1855. Is Sph. 
Parisiense, Pr. 


88. Sph. triangulare, Say. 
Cyclas triangularts, Say. New Harm. Dissem. 2. 356, 1829. Fer. Mag. 
Zool. 1835. New Harm. Dissem. (rept.) 10, 1860. Bgt. Amen. i. p. 
9, 1853. 
Hab. N. America. 


[June, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 301 


—Cycl. triangularis, Dub. Fos. Wohln. 59, pl. vi. f. 20, 21, 1831. 
Is Ericina triangularis, d’Orb. 

—Cycl. trigona, Gldf. Petr. Germ. 2, 233, pl. 147, f. 11, a—b. 1834-40 
Is Cyrena Reemeri, Dkr. 

—Cyel. trigona, d’Orb. Prod. 2, 304. 1850. Is Cyrena trig ona, Desh. 


89. Sph truncatum, Linsley. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 451. 1858. 
Oyclas calyculata, Drap. C. B. Ads. Amer. Il. xl. 277, 1841. Ads. 
Vermt. 18, 1842. Ads. Cat. 29, 1847. 
Cyclas truncata, Linsl. Gould. Amer. Il. n. ser. vi. 234, f. 3, 1848. 
Pr. Bost. Proc. iv. 165, 1751. Jay, Cat. iv. ed. 466, 1852. Bet. 
Amen. i. p. 9, 1853. 
Cyclas pellucida, Pr. Stimps. N. E. Moll. 16,1851. Jay, Cat. iv. ed. 
465, 1852. Bost. Proc. iv. 277, 1852. Bgt. Amen. i. p. 9, 1853. 
Sph. pellucidum, Pr. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 450. 1858. 
Hab. N. America. 
—Cycl. tuberculata, Klees. Tubing 45. 1818. IsSph. lacustre, Fer. 
—Cycl. tumida, Ziegl, Villa Cat. 44. 1841. Is Sph. corneum, Scop. 


90. Sph. unguiforme, Boissy. Bgt. Sph. 42. 1854. 
Cycl. unguiformis, Boissy. Bull. Soc. Géol. Tr. 2d ser. iv. 178, 1846. 

Mem. Soc. Géol. Tr. 2d ser. 3, 269, pl. v. f. 2, 1848. 

Hab. France, (fossil.) 

—Cycl. Ustuertensis, Eichw. Faun. Casp. 263. 1841. Is Arthemis 
Ustuertensis, Eichw. 

—Cycl. Vapincana, d’Orb. Prod. 2. 381. 1850. Is Cyrena Va pin- 
cana, Bet. 


91. Sph. Veatleyi, C.B. Adams. 
Cycl. Veatleyi, C. B. Ads. Contrib. Conch. 44. 1869. Jay, Cat. iv. ed. 
32. 1850. Bgt. Amen. 1, p. g. 1853. 
Pisid. Veatleyi, Petit. Il Conch. 2, 421. 1851. Bgt. Amen. 1, p. 53. 
1853. 
Musculium Veatleyi, C. B. Ads. Ads. Rec. Gen. ii. 452. 1858. 
Pisum Veatleyi, C. B. Ads. Ads. loc. sup. cit. ii. 560. 1858. 
Hab. Jamaica. 
—Cycl. Venezuelensis, Pr. In Collect. Mus. Leyden, 1857. Is Sph. 
maculatum, Morelet. 


92. Sph. Verneuili, Boissy. Bgt. Sph. 42. 1854. 
Cycl. lenticularis, Boissy. Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr. 2d ser. iv. 178. 1846. 
Cycl. Verneuili, Boissy. Mem. Soc. Geol. Fr. 2dser. 4, 569, pl. v. f. 3. 
1848. 
Hab. France, (fossil.) 
—Cycl. violacea, Lam. Ann. Mus. vii. 421. 1806. Is Battissa vio- 
lacea, Adams. 
—Cycl. vitrea, Risso. Risso, iv. 338. 1826. Is Pisid. casertanum, 
Bet. 
—Cycl. Zeylanica, Lam. Ann. Mus. vii. 420. 1806. Is Cyrena Ze y- 
lanica, Lam. 


93. Sph.zonatum, Pr. MSS. 1859, in Collect. Cumming. 
Hab. N. Zealand. 


On motion, an election was held, and Mr. Wm. C. Henszey was 
chosen Treasurer in place of George W. Carpenter deceased. 


1860.] 20 


302 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


July dd, 
Vice-President Bripe@es in the Chair. 

Twenty-nine members present. 

The following papers were presented for publication : 

“ Descriptions of two new species of Uniones from Georgia.” By 
Isaac Lea. 

‘“‘ Descriptions of three new species of Uniones from Mexico.” By 
Isaac Lea. 

‘‘ Descriptions of six new species of Unionide from Alabama.” By 
Isaac Lea. 

“‘ Descriptions of seven new species of Unionidee from the United 
States.” By Isaac Lea. 

‘“‘ Descriptions of three new species of Exotic Unionidiz.” By Isaac 
Lea. 

‘¢ Descriptions of new fossil remains collected in Nebraska and Utah, 
by the Exploring Expeditions under the command of Capt. J. H. Simp- 
son, of U. S. Topographical Engineers,” [extracted from that officer's 
forthcoming report.] By F. B. Meek. 

And were referred to Committees. 

Dr. Darrach presented the following list of plants seen in flower in 
the neighborhood of Philadelphia during the month of June. 


RANUNCULACER. | PoRTULACACER. 


Thalictrum cornuti. Portulaca oleracea. 
Ranunculus alismefolius. 


Actza spicata, v. alba. oe cuaae, 
Cimicifuga racemosa. Malva rotundifolia. 
MENISPERMACEZ. TILIACEZ. 
Menispermum canadense. Tilia Americana. 
CABOMBACER. ’ bye Ib L 
Brasenia peltata. Linum usitatissinum. 
PAPAVERACEZR. ANACARDIACEX. 
Papaver dubium. Rhus venenata. 
CRUCIFERZ. se pa VITACER. 
Nasturtium sylvestre. Vitis cordifolia. 
se palustre. RHAMNACER. 


Arabis Canadensis. 


: : Ceanothus Americanus. 
Camelina sativa. 


Lepidium Virginicum. CELASTRACEZ. 

VIOLACER. Euonymus atropurpureus. 
Viola Canadensis. PoLlyGALACEE. 

HYPERICACEZ. Polygala lutea. 
Hypericum perforatum. LEGUMINOS. 
os corymbosum. Robinia pseudacacia. 
Coren Tephrosia Virginiana. 
: Lathyrus palustris. 

Agrostemma githago. 
Spergularia rubra. ROSACER. 
Anychia dichotoma. Spirea opulifolia. 
Mollugo verticillata. Gillenia trifoliata. 


[July, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 303 


Geum album. 
Potentilla Norvegica. 
Rubus odoratus. 

‘¢ occidentalis. 

‘¢ hispidus. 

‘¢  cuneifolius. 
Rosa Carolina. 

*¢ lucida. 

‘« rubiginosa. 
Crategus crus galli. 


ONAGRACES. 


(nothera fruticosa. 
Circa lutetiana. 


CACTACER. 


Opuntia vulgaris. 


SAXIFRAGACEZ. 


Itea Virginica. 
Hydrangea arborescens. 


UMBELLIFER&. 


Hydrocotyle umbellata. 
a Americana. 
Sanicula Canadensis. 
Pastinaca sativa. 
Thaspium aureum. 
Cicuta maculata. 
Cryptotenia Canadensis. 


CoRNACE®. 


Cornus sericea. 
‘¢ paniculata. 


CAPRIFOLIACE. 


Triosteum perfoliatum. 
Sambucus Canadensis. 
Viburnum nudum. 


hy prunifolinm. 
= dentatum. 
RUBIACER. 


Galium aparine. 
“«  asprellum. 
‘¢  trifidum. 
‘«  pilosum. 
“  circezans. 
Mitchella repens. 


CoMPosiITz. 


Erigeron Philadelphicum. 

annuum. 

‘¢  strigosum. 
Rudbeckia hirta. 
Maruta cotula. 
Achillea millefolium. 
Gnaphalium purpureum. 
Cirsium horridulum. 

ue arvense. 


1860.] 


Cichorium intybus. 
Hieracium Gronovii. 

ot paniculatum. 
Lactuca elongata. 


LOBELIACEZ. 
Lobelia inflata. 
‘¢ spicata. 


CAMPANULACEZ- 
Specularia perfoliata. 


ERICACER. 


Gaylussacia dumosa. 
Vaccinium macrocarpon. 
Andromeda ligustrina. 
Azalea viscosa. 

Pyrola rotundifolia. 

‘«  eliptica. 
secunda. 
Chimaphila maculata. 
Monotropa uniflora. 


6é 


AQUIFOLIACEZ. 
Ilex opaca. 
‘¢ verticillata. 
‘* levigata. 
*¢ glabra. 


PLANTAGINACEE 
Plantago major. 
PRIMULACEE. 
Lysimachia stricta. 
se quadrifolia. 
Ol ciliata. 
LENTIBULACEE. 
Utricularia striata. 


BiGNONIACEZ. 
Catalpa bignonioides. 


ScROPHULARIACEZR. 
Verbascum thapsus. 
fe blattaria. 
fe lychnitis. 


Linaria vulgaris. 
Scrophularia nodosa. 
Pentstemon pubescens. 
Gratiola Virginiana. 
Veronica anagallis. 

‘*  scutellata. 
Melampyrum Americanum. 


VERBENACES. 
Verbena urticifolia. 


LABIATA. 
Nepeta glechoma. 
Scutellaria lateriflora. 
Leonurus cardiaca. 


304 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


BoRRAGINACER, 
OQnosmodium Virginianum. 
Cynoglossum officinale. 

ss Virginicum. 

PoLEMONIACEZS. 

Phlox maculata. 


CoNVOLVULACES. 
Ipomea pandurata. 
Convolvulus arvensis. 
Calystegia sepium. 


SoLANACES. 


Solanum dulcamara. 
an Carolinense. 
‘¢ nigrum. 

Physalis angulata. 

Datura stramonium, 


APOCYNACEZ. 


Apocynum androsamifolium. 
y cannibinum. 


ASCLEPIADACEZ, 


Asclepias cornuti. 
os quadrifolia. 
se phytolaccoides. 
be variegata. 
Be obtusifolia. 
oe tuberosa. 


OLEACEZ. 
Ligustrum vulgare. 


PoLYGONACEZ. 


Polygonum aviculare. 


ARACER. 


Peltandra Virginica. 
Acorus calamus. 


NAIADACEZ. 
Potamogeton natans. 
ALISMACER. 
Sagittaria variabilis. 
HyDROCHARIDACE, 
Anacharis Canadensis. 


ORCHIDACER. 
Platanthera lacera. 
SC fimbriata. 


Spiranthes latifolia. 
Pogonia ophioglossoides. 
Calopogon pulchellus. 
Liparis liliifolia. 
Corallorhiza odontorrhiza. 
Cypripedium pubescens. 

H#MODORACEZ. 
Aletris farinosa. 

IRIDACER. 

Tris Virginica. 
Sisyrinchium Bermudiana.- 

DioscoREACEZ. 
Dioscorea villosa. 


SMILACEZ. 
Smilax pseudochina. 


MELANTHACER. 
Amianthium muscetoxicum. 
Xerophyllum asphodeloides. 
Chamelirium luteum. 


Ke convolvulus. Species 160. 


July 17th. 
Dr. IsAAc Hays in the Chair. 


Twenty-three members present. 

The following papers were presented for publication : 

“Notes on Coleoptera found at Fort Simpson, Mackenzie River, 
with remarks on other northern species.” By John L. Le Conte, M. D. 

“« Synopsis of the Scaphidiidee of the United States.” By John L. 
Le Conte, M. D. 

And were referred to Committees. 

Mr. Gabb presented a Catalogue of the Museum of the Academy for 
the use of visitors, which was referred to the Committee on Proceed- 
ings with power to publish. 

The number of the Proceedings for June was laid on the table by 
the Committee. 


[July, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 305 


July 24th. 
Dr. B. H. Coates in the Chair. 


Nineteen members present. 

A paper was presented for publication entitled 

“ Description of a new species of Cephalopod from the Eocene of 
Texas.” By Wm. M. Gabb. 

And was referred to a Committee. 

Dr. Leidy mentioned that he had recently found near Jackson, 
New Jersey, a specimen of Hyla viridis or lateralis, a species 
not previously found north of Baltimore. 


July 31st. 
Dr. EMERSON in the Chair. 


Seventeen members present. 
On report of the respective Committees, the following papers were 
ordered to be published in the proceedings. 


Descriptions of Two New Species of UNIONES from Georgia. 
BY ISAAC LEA. 


Unto Lincumrormis.—Testa levi, ellipticé, compressa, ad lateré planulata, 
inequilaterali, posticé obtusé biangulata, anticé rotundat&; valvulis subte- 
nuibus, anticé crassioribus; natibus prominulis; epidermide pallido-lutea, 
subnitida, virido-radiata, dentibus cardinalibus parviusculis, obtuso-conicis, 
crenulatis, in utroque valvulo duplicibus; lateralibus sublongis, lamellatis 
subcurvisque, margarita alba et valde iridescente. 

Hab.—Columbus, Georgia. 


Unio pispar.—Testa levi, elliptica, subinflaté, ad lateré paulisper planulata 
valdé inequilaterali, posticé obtusé angulata, anticé rotundata; valvulis sub- 
crassis; natibus prominulis, ad apices undulatis; epidermide vel lutea vel 
oliva et valdé radiata; dentibus cardinalibus parviusculis, compressis, in 
utroque valvulo duplicibus, erectis, crenulatis; lateralibus longis, lamellatis 
curvisque, margarita alba et iridescente. 

Hab.—Columbus, Georgia, Bishop Elliott and G. Hallenbeck. 


Descriptions of Three New Species of UNIONES from Mexico. 
BY ISAAC LEA. 


Unio Coucutanus.—Testa levi, quadrata, inflata, biemarginata, ad lateré sul- 
cata, inequilaterali, posticé biangulata, anticé rotunda; valvulis crassis, anticé 
erasssioribus ; natibus prominentibus; epidermide olivo-fusca, striata, eradi- 
ata; dentibus cardinalibus subgrandibus, erectis, rugoso-striatis, crenulatis ; 
lateralibus sublongis, crassis curvisque; margarita argented et valdé irides- 
cente. 

Hab.—Rio Salado, New Leon, Mexico, L. Berlandier, M. D. 


Unio Savapornsis.—Test4 levi, obovata, inflata, inequilaterali, posticé et 
anticé rotundata ; valvulis subtenuibus, anticé paulisper crassioribus; natibus 
prominulis, levibus; epidermide luteo-olivé, polita radiataique; dentibus 
cardinalibus parvis, lamellatis, obliquis ; lateralibus sublongis, lamellatis sub- 
curvisque ; margarité ceruleo-alba et iridescente. 

Hab.—Rio Salado, New Leon, Mexico, L. Berlandier, M. D. 


1860.] 


306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Unio coenatus.—Testa levi, elliptica, crass, subinflata, valdé inzquilaterali, 
posticé obtusé angulata, anticé rotundata ; valvulis crassis, anticé crassioribus ; 
natibus subprominentibus; epidermide luteola radiataque ; dentibus cardinali- 
bus grandibus, crassis, pyramidatis, rugoso-striatis ; lateralibus subcurtis, sub- 
curvis crassisque ; margarita alba et valde iridescente. 

Hab.—Rio Salado, New Leon, Mexico, L. Berlandier, M. D. 


Descriptions of Seven New Species of UNIONIDZ from the United States. 
BY ISAAC LEA. 


. Unio Lustuy1.— Testa levi, obliqua, subcompressa, ad lateré planulata, valdé 
inequilaterali, posticé angulata, anticé rotunda; valvulis crassis, anticé cras- 
sioribus; natibus subelevatis ; epidermide luteola, radiis interruptis ; dentibus 
cardinalibus crassis, compresso-conicis, obliquis; lateralibus longis, crassis 
subcurvisque; margarita alba et iridescente. 

Hab.—Kentucky, Mr. Joseph Lesley. Tennessee, Mr. J. G. Anthony. 


Unto castus.—Testa levi, inflata, inequilaterali, posticé angulatd, anticé 
rotunda, valvulis crassiusculis, anticé crassioribus ; natibus subprominentibus ; 
epidermide micante, luteo-viridi, radiata; dentibus cardinalibus subgrandibus, 
compresso-conicis, striatis crenulatisque ; lateralibus subbrevibus, rectis, la- 
mellatis striatisque ; margarita alba et iridescente. 

Hab.—South Carolina, Prof. Tuomey. 


Unio Linpstey1.—Testa levi, ellipticd, compressa, ad lateré planulata, valde 
inequilaterali, posticé subbiangulata, anticé oblique rotundata ; valvulis sub- 
crassis, anticé crassioribus; natibus prominulis; epidermide vel lutea vel 
luteo-olivé, micante, undiqué virido-maculata; dentibus cardinalibus parvius- 
culis, compresso-conicis crenulatisque; lateralibus longis, crassis curvisque ; 
margarita alba et iridescente. 

Hab.—Tennessee, President J. B. Lindsley. 


Unio pEeRpictus.—Testa levi, elliptica, subinflaté, valdé inzquilaterali, pos- 
ticé obtusé biangulata, anticé rotundata; valvulis tenuibus, diaphanis, anticé 
crassioribus ; natibus prominulis, ad apices undulatis ; epidermide luteo-oliva 
subnitida, undiqueée virido-radiata; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, erectis, co- 
nicis, crenulatis, in utroque valvulo duplicibus; lateralibus longis lamellatis 
rectisque; margarita ceruleo-albaé et valdé iridescente. 

Hab.—Bull River, Tennessee, President Estabrook, and Holston River, Prof. 
Troost. 


Unio Eiacursi.—Testa plicata, quadrata, subcompress4, maximé undulata, 
usque ad natium apices, valdé inequilaterali; valvulis crassissimis, anticé 
crassioribus ; natibus elevatis, compressis, ad apices rugoso-undulatis ; epider- 
mide tenebroso-fusca, eradiata, striata; dentibus cardinalibus magnis, crassis 
et valdé striatis ; lateralibus longis, crassis, lamellatis subcurvisque; marga- 
rita alba et valde iridescente. 

Hab.—Texas and Sabinas River, New Leon, Mexico, James Hights, M. D. 


Unio QUADRANS.—Testa levi, quadrata, valdé ventricosa, subzquilaterali, 
posticé obtusé angulata, anticé subtruncata, valvulis crassis, anticé paulisper 
crassioribus ; natibus elevatis, tumidis; epidermide tenebroso-fusca, eradiata, 
transversé striata; dentibus cardinalibus magnis, valdé compressis, striatis 
crenulatisque ; lateralibus longis, crassis curvisque; margarita alba et iride- 
scente. 

Hab.—Texas, Mr. C, M. Wheatley. 


Anoponta Krennertyi.—Testa leevi, elliptic’, subcylindracedé, subventricosa, 
valdé inequilaterali, anticé, subtruncata, posticé biangulata ; valvulis tenuissi- 
mis, diaphanis; natibus vix prominentibus, ad apices exilissimé undulatis ; 


[July, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 307 


epidermide luteo-oliva, micante, ad margine striata, eradiata: margarita cex- 
ruleo-alba et valdé iridescente. 

Hab.—Chiloweyuch Depot, near Puget’s Sound, Washington Territory, 
C. B. Kennerly, M. D. 


Descriptions of Six New Species of UNIONIDH from Alabama. 
BY ISAAC LEA. 


Unio SHowaLtTeri.—Testa levi, subrotunda, crassa, sublenticulari, equila- 
terali; valvulis crassis, anticé crassioribus ; natibus elevatis, tumidis ; epider- 
mide tenebroso-fusca, eradiata; dentibus cardinalibus crassis, erectis, compres- 
sis, in utrogue valvulo duplicibus ; lateralibus brevibus, percrassis corruga- 
tisque ; margarita argentea et valdé iridescente. 

Hab.—Coosa River, Watumpka, Alab., E. R. Showalter, M. D. 


Unio Harrmanianus.—Testa levi, obliqué triangulari, crassd, tumida, posticé 
subbiangulari, ineequilaterali; valvulis percrassis, anticé crassioribus ; natibus 
valdé elevatis, crassis ; epidermidé tenebroso-fusca, posticé luteola, eradiata ; 
dentibus cardinalibus subgrandibus, erectis, compressis, corrugatis, in utroque 
valvulo duplicibus; lateralibus brevibus, percrassis, obliquis corrugatisque ; 
margarita argentea et iridescente. 

Hab.—Coosa River, Watumpka, Alab., E. R. Showalter, M. D. 


Unio potosus.—Testa levi, obovata, subalaté, subcompressa, ad lateré pla- 
nulata, posticé et anticé rotundata, valdé inzquilaterali; valvulis subtenuibus ; 
natibus prominulis, ad apices minuté undulatis; epidermide virido-oliva et 
obsoleté radiata; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, compressis crenulatisque; 
Jateralibus longis, lamellatis subcurvisque; margarita albida et purpurea, pau- 
lisper tincta et valde iridescente. 

Hab.—Alabama River, Claiborne, Alab., Judge Tait. Coosa River, E. R. 
Showalter, M. D. 


Unio parvuLus.—Testa plicata, transversd, subinflata, ad lateré compressa, 
posticé obtusé angulata, valdé inzquilaterali; valvulis tenuibus, anticé pau- 
lisper crassioribus ; natibus prominulis ; epidermidé olivacea, subvirido-macu- 
lati; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, compressis, crenulatis, in utroque valvulo 
duplicibus; lateralibus longis subrectisque ; margarita cerulea et iridescente. 

Hab.—Coosa River, Alab., E. R. Showalter, M. D. 


Unio pLancus.—Testa levi, obliquo-ovata, subcompressa, postice biangulata, 
anticé rotundata, valdé inequilaterali; valvulis crassiusculis, anticé paulisper 
crassioribus ; natibus prominulis; epidermide luteo-fusca, radiata; dentibus 
cardinalibus parvis, erectis, crenulatis, in utroque valvulo duplicibus ; laterali- 
bus sublongis subrectisque ; margarita ceruleo-alba et valdé iridescente. 

Hab.—Coosa River, at Watumpka, Alab., E. R. Showalter, M. D. 


Anoponta SHowattert.— Testa levi, ellipticé, ventricosa, posticé obtusé 
angulata, anticé rotundata, subequilaterali ; valvulis crassiusculis, anticé pau- 
lisper crassioribus ; natibus subprominentibus, ad apices minuté undulatis ; 
epidermide tenebroso-fusca, obsoleté radiata ; margarita vel alba vel paulisper 
salmonis colore tincta et iridescente. 

Hab.—Coosa River, Watumpka, Alab., E. R. Showalter, M. D. 


Descriptions of Three New Species of Exotic UNIONIDZ. 
BY ISAAC LEA. 


Unto occatus.—Testa plicata, elliptic, ragoso-occatd, compressa, valdé ine- 
quilaterali, posticé biangulata, anticé, regulariter rotundata; natibus prominu- 
lis, valdé compressis, ad apices plicis, pulchris divaricatis; epidermide luteo- 

’ i ? Pp I ’ ’ 


1860.] 


308 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


oliva et valdé rugosa; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, compressis, obliquis; la- 
teralibus sublongis subcurvisque; margarita alba et valdé iridiscente. 
Hab.—Bengal, W. A. Haines. 


Anoponta Cartuiaupi.—Testa levi, rotunda, ventricosa, insequilaterali, an- 
ticé superné angulata; valvulis crassis, anticé paulisper crassioribus; natibus 
elevatis, tumidis, incurvis; epidermide nigro-fusca, obsoleté radiata, superné 
micante, inferné exilissimé striata; margarita argentea et valde iridescente. 

Hab.—Brazil, Monr. F. Cailliaud. 


MyceTorts EMARGINATUS.—Test& levi, transversissimé, compressa, emargi- 
nata,ad latere planulatd, antice inflata, posticé ampliata et compressa; valvulis 
pertenuibus, diaphinis, natibus parvis, prominulis; epidermide luteo-cornea, 
valde striataé, nitida, eradita; margarita ceruleo-alba et valdé iridescente. 

Hab.—Siam, 8. R. House, M. D. 


Descriptions of new Fossil Remains collected in Nebraska and Utah, by 
the Exploring Expeditions under the command of Capt. J. H. Simpson, of 
U. §. Topographical Engineers, [extracted from that officer’s forthcoming 
report. |* 

BY ¥. B. MEEK. 


DEVONIAN SPECIES. 
BRACHIOPODA. 


Sprrtrera Norwoopt, Meek.—Shell rather small, semicircular, wider than 
long, having its greatest breadth on the hinge line. Ventral valve very con- 
vex at the “umbo, sloping abruptly to the ‘front and sides; beak elevated, 
rather pointed, and more or less arched over the area, sometimes a little 
twisted to one side; mesial sinus rather shallow, rounded, and extending 
to the point of the beak, from which it widens and deepens very gradu- 
ally to the front; area triangular, but wider than high, rather distinctly 
arched ; foramen very narrow,and apparently entirely open, having a depressed 
line along each lateral margin. Dorsal valve convex, but much more de- 
pressed than the other; mesial fold obscure in the umbonal region, slightly 
elevated, and rounded at the front. Surface of each valve ornamented by 
about forty small depressed, radiating cost, some six or seven of which 
occupy the mesial sinus of the ventral valve, ‘and seven or eight the fold of 
the dorsal valve. Length 0:50 inch; breadth (along hinge line) about 0-75 
inch ; convexity 0-42 inch. 

Named in honor of Dr. J. G. Norwood of the Geological Survey of Missouri. 

Locality and position. West side of Buell Valley, lat. 39° 30’ north, long. 
115° 36’ west. 


SprriFERA Encermannt, Meek.—Shell rather small, semicircular, about 
twice as wide as long; hinge equalling the greatest breadth, angular at the 
extremities. Dorsal valve depressed convex; mesial fold rather narrow, 
slightly elevated, flattened along the middle, and apparently without plica- 
tions. Ventral valve very convex in the umbonal region, sloping abruptly 
to the sides and front ; beak pointed, more or less arched ; area high, triangu- 
lar, the hinge side being longer than the lateral slopes, which are usually 
somewhat angular, generally rather strongly arcuate and inclined a little 
backwards over the hinge ; foramen very narrow, apparently open to the point 
of the beak; mesial sinus narrow, shallow, extending to the beak, flattened 


* Published by sanction of Hon. J. B Floyd, Secretary of War. More extended des- 
criptions, with full illustrations will appear in the report. 
[July, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, 309 


in the middle, and without plications. Surface ornamented by from seven to 
nine depressed, rounded, simple, plications on each side of the fold and sinus. 
Length of hinge about 0°66 inch; diameter from hinge to front 0-39 inch ; 
height of area 0-26 inch. 

Named in honor of Mr. Henry Engelmann, Geologist of Capt. Simpson’s 
Expedition. 

Locality and position. Neill’s Valley, lat. 39° 32’, long. 115° 36’, 


SPIRIFERA MACRA, Meek.—Shell rather under medium size, subtrigonal, or 
sub-semicircular, considerably wider than long; hinge line equalling the 
greatest width, and terminating in rather salient angles. Dorsal valve convex 
in the middle, compressed towards the lateral extremities ; mesial fold narrow, 
prominent and angular, especially near the front. Ventral valve more con- 
vex than the other, sloping somewhat abruptly from the umbo to the sides 
and front ; mesial sinus narrow, rather deep, with sloping sides, continued to 
the beak, which is pointed and incurved ; area of moderate breadth, with well 
defined sloping lateral margins, apparently not continued quite to the extremi- 
ties of the hinge, arched and inclined back over the cardinal margin ; foramen 
triangular, higher than wide. Surface of each valve ornamented by about 
eighteen to twenty-four moderately distinct, more or less bifurcating plications, 
about six or seven of which usually occupy the mesial fold, and five or six the 
mesial sinus. Length of hinge, about 1:19 inches; diameter from hinge to 
front 0°63 inch ; height of area 0.16 inch. 

Locality and position. Same as last. 


CARBONIFEROUS SPECIES. 
BRACHIOPODA. 


PropucTus SEMISTRIATUS, Meek.—Shell of medium size, greatest breadth on 
the hinge line, which is nearly twice the length, measuring from the hinge to 
the anterior curve. (Dorsal valve unknown.) Ventral valve very gibbous, 
extremely arched, and greatly produced in front; sometimes provided with 
an obscure, very shallow mesial sinus, which never extends to the beak ; ears 
triangular, strongly vaulted, extended nearly at right angles to the vertical 
sides of the elevated visceral arch, from which they are each separated by an 
oblique, undefined sulcus ; beak very convex, distinctly incurved, and ex- 
tended a little beyond the hinge; surface of the visceral region marked by 
small, obscure concentric wrinkles, which are crossed by numerous, more or 
less bifurcating strie ; anterior half, smooth or only marked by fine lines of 
growth; spines rather long, erect and scattering. Length of hinge, 1:19 
inches; diameter from hinge to anterior curve, 0°72 inch; length from the 
beak to the anterior margin of the ventral vaive, measuring around its curve, 
2:14 inches. 

Locality and position. Timpanogos Canon, lat. 40° 22’, long. 111° 38’, in 
dark argillaceous rock. Probably of the age of the Coal measures. 


PRODUCTUS MULTISTRIATUS, Meek.—Shell above medium size, breadth nearly 
double the length, from the hinge to the anterior slope ; hinge line longer than 
the breadth of the shell in front of it; ears moderately large, triangular, dis- 
tinetly vaulted, and standing nearly at right angles to the swell of the larger 
valve. Ventral valve extremely ventricose, strongly arched, and provided 
with a broad, deep, mesial sinus, extending from the beak to the front; beak 
rather small, compressed, and projecting little beyond the hinge. Dorsal 
valve deeply concave, provided with three broad, obscure, radiating promi- 
nences, one of which corresponds to the mesial sinus of the other valve, and 
the other two radiate to the lateral margins in front of the ears. Surface of 
both valves marked by numerous fine, obscure radiating strie, destitute of 
spines excepting about three near the extremity of each ear, and some three 
or four on the anterior slope of the ventral valve. Length of hinge near 1:77 


1860.] 


310 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


inches ; length from hinge to anterior slope 1 inch; greatest breadth in front 
of the hinge 1:48 inches. 

Locality and position. Yellowish limestone series, east side of Long Valley, 
lat. 39° 57’ north, long. 115° 10’ west. Probably of upper carboniferous age. 


SPIRIFERA scopinA, Meek.—Shell rather large, subcircular, approaching sub- 
pentagonal, moderately gibbous, length and breadth nearly equal, hinge line 
searcely equalling the greatest breadth; lateral margins rounding anteriorly 
and intersecting the hinge almost at right angles. Valves nearly equally 
convex, each provided with from about seventeen to twenty-two, rather 
broad, depressed, occasionally bifurcating plications. Ventral valve a little 
more gibbous than the other, and having a shallow mesial sinus, which is very 
small near the beak, but widens gradually towards the front ; beak moderate- 
ly prominent, incurved ; area of medium breadth, with nearly parallel margins, 
extending to the lateral extremities of the hinge, distinctly arched near the 
beak ; foramen having nearly the form of an equilateraltriangle. Dorsal valve 
moderately convex in the umbonal region; beak rather prominent and 
incurved ; mesial fold depressed, not distinctly defined excepting at the front, 
where it is generally flattened. Surface of both valves apparently without 
strie, but beautifully ornamented by numerous minute regularly disposed 
granules. Breadth 2 inches; length 1°88 inches; convexity 1°34 inches. 

Locality and position. Divide between Long and Ruby Valleys, lat. 40° 
north; long. 115° 20’ west, from the yellowish limestone series. Probably 
upper carboniferous. 


SPIRIFERA PULCHRA, Meek.—Shell of medium size, more or less compressed, 
length from one half to to one third the breadth ; hinge line equalling the 
greatest width ; lateral extremities often much extended, compressed and 
acutely pointed. Ventral valve more convex than the other in the umbonal 
region; beak rather small and not very strongly incurved; area somewhat 
narrow, very slightly arched, or inclined back over the hinge, its margins 
being sub-parallel ; foramen triangular, a little higher than wide ; mesial sinus 
narrow, well defined and rather deep, smoothly rounded within, extending to 
the point of the beak, from which it widens very gradually towards the front. 
On each side of the mesial sinus of the ventral valve, and its corresponding 
elevation on the dorsal valve, there are from seven to nine, simple, elevated, 
rather sharply rounded plications. Entire surface ornamented by fine regu- 
larly disposed puncte and moderately distinct marks of growth, which latter 
arch in crossing the plications and mesial fold. Length of largest specimen 
1:13 inches; breadth 3°10 inches ; convexity 0.76 inch. 

Locality and position. East and west side of Long Valley, and Pass east of 
Ruby Valley, lat. 40° north, long. 115° 20’ west. Geological position same as 
last. 

CONCHIFERA. 


Precren Urauensis, Meek.—Shell of medium size, thin sub-circular, much 
compressed, apparently nearly equivalve, the left valve being slightly more 
convex than the other; ears small, subequal, triangular, and distinctly flat- 
tened ; posterior ear truncate nearly at right angles to the hinge, sometimes a 
little rounded on the truncate edge; anterior ear separated from the margin 
by a very shallow sinus; surface of the left valve ornamented by rather 
obscure, unequal, depressed, radiating cost, and numerous, extremely fine, 
equidistant, thread-like, concentric lines, scarcely visible without the aid of a 
lens; right valve smooth, or only marked by fine concentric strie. Length 
about 1°10 inches ; breadth 1°20 inches ; length of hinge 0.57 inch. 

Locality and position. Summit Spring Pass, divided between Long and 
Ruby Valleys, lat. 39° 33’, long. 115° 12’ west. Probably upper carboniferous. 


CEPHALOPODA. 
ORTAOCERAS BACULUM, Meek.—Shell rather small, elongate conical; section 


[J uly, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 311 


very nearly circular near the smaller end, and slightly oval towards the 
aperture; sides diverging from the apex at an angle of 8°; septa distinctly 
concave on the anterior sides, separated by spaces equal to one-fifth their own 
greater diameter; siphuncle rounded, nearly, but not quite central, a little 
less than one-sixth the diameter of the shell; surface apparently smooth. 

Locality and position. East side Ruby Valley, lat. 40’ north, long. 115° 
20’ west. Probably lower carboniferous. 


JURASSIC SPECIES. 
CONCHIFERA. 


OstREA EncetmMAnnI, Meek.—The collection contains only upper valves of 
this species, all of which are much compressed, rather thin, and subovate, 
more or less irregular in form. Beak distinctly truncate and provided with 
a broad but short area. Surface ornamented by from seven or eight, to about 
fifteen irregular, moderately distinct, rather rounded, radiating plications, 
that do not usually extend upon the umbo, but become quite distinct at 
the border, which is usually thin. Lines of growth regular, and moderately 
well defined, but not imbricating. Muscular scar rather large, ovate and 
distinct. Length (of the largest specimen) 3:50 inches ; breadth 3 inches. 

Locality and position. Jurassic beds at Red Buttes, on the North Platte, 
lat. 42° 50’, long. 106° 40’ west. 


PECTEN BELLISTRIATA, Meek.—Shell of medium size, subcircular, sometimes 
wider than long, thin, compressed, nearly or quite equivalve; hinge straight 
and very short; posterior wing small or nearly obsolete, obliquely truncate ; 
anterior wing small, vertically truncate at the extremity, and in the right 
valve separated from the margin below, by a distinct more or less angular 
sinus, from which a shallow flat groove, extends obliquely to the beak ; beaks 
of both valves small, and rather compressed ; surface ornamented by numerous 
fine, arched, bifurcating, strie, crossed by extremely small, closely arranged 
concentric lines, which are often nearly obsolete on the radiating striz over 
the more convex portions of the valves, but quite distinct in the slender de- 
pressions between, to which they impart a punctate appearance. Length 
(broad variety) 2°26 inches; breadth, 2°65 inches; convexity 0°64 inch. 

Locality and position. Same as last. 


GASTEROPODA. 


DENTALIUM? sUBQUADRATUM, Meek.—Shell small, thin, slender, regularly and 
slightly arcuate, very gradually tapering, flattened or a little concave on four 
sides so as to present a subquadrangular section, the angles being a little 
rounded ; section of internal cavity, circular; surface apparently without lon- 
gitudinal strie or marks of growth. Length about oneinch; diameter at 
larger end 0°05 inch; do. at the smaller extremity 0:02. 

Locality and position. Jurassic beds on the North Platte, at Red Buttes, lat. 
42° 50’ north, long. 106° 40’ west. 


CRETACEOUS SPECIES. 
CONCHIFERA. 


ANomIA ConcENTRICA, Meek.—Shell small, thin, subcircular or transversely 
a little oval; lateral extremities nearly equally rounded; cardinal margin 
rather straight or but slightly arched ; beak very small, central, compressed, 
marginal, not projecting beyond the cardinal border; surface of upper valve, 
ornamented by moderately distinct regular, concentric, undulations, and much 
smaller obscure lines of growth. Transverse diameter 0°64 inch; length 
from hinge to the opposite margin 0°50 inch. 

Locality and position. Near Bear River, on Sulphur Creek, lat. 41° 12’, 
long. 110° 50’, in whitish sandstone, with an oyster very similarto O. glabra, 


1860.] 


312 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Meek & Hayden, and a small Inoceramus. Probably of lower Cretaceous 
age, but may be older. 


InocerAMus Srupsont, Meek.—Shell attaining a large size, transversely 
elongate, or narrow, oval, gibbous in the umbonal and anterior regions, cuneate 
posteriorly ; buccal side rounded ; anal side very long, usually broader than 
the other, and subtruncate at the extremity ; base in young shells semiovate, 
being more convex behind than in front, in large specimens rounding up very 
gradually towards the front, and apparently a little contracted, or slightly 
aa behind ; hinge straight, very long; beaks rising little above the car- 

inal border, rather convex, located very near the anterior extremity ; surface 
ornamented by moderately distinct, rather regular, concentric undulations, 
which sometimes bifurcate on the flanks; lines of growth small, regular, and 
equidistant. Length 8-10 inches; height; 4°35 inches; cenvexity about 3°72 
inches. 

The specific name of this fine Jnoceramus is given in honor of Capt. J. H. 
Simpson, of the U. S. Top. Engrs., commander of the explorations for the 
location of wagon routes in Utah, &e. 

Locality and position. North Platte above the bridge, from the horizon of 
No. 2 or 3, of the Nebraska cretaceous series. 


TERTIARY SPECIES. 
CONCHIFERA. 


Unto vetusta, Meek.—Shell rather thin, of medium size, narrow, much 
elongated transversely, moderately convex; anterior side rounded ; basal and 
dorsal margins nearly straight and parallel; posterior side very long, more 
compressed and rather narrower than the other obliquely truncate above, and 
angular below in young shells, but becoming more rounded with age; beaks 
small, much depressed ; located near the anterior end ; surface of young speci- 
mens ornamented by fine, regular, concentric wrinkles, crossed on the umbo- 
nal slopes of each valve, by two sharply defined angles, which radiate from 
the beaks nearly or quite to the posterior extremity. On old and medium 
Sized specimens, these markings become nearly or quite obsolete, excepting 
sometimes near the beak. Length of a large specimen 3°22 inches; height 
1°30 inches; convexity about 0°60 inch. 

Locality and position. Brackish-water deposits on Bear River near the mouth 
of Sulphur Creek, lat 41° 12’ north, long. 110° 52’ west. 


Unio Haypreyt, Meek.—Shell small, subelliptical, rather thin, moderately 
convex ; extremities more or less regularly rounded, the posterior margin 
being sometimes obliquely subtruncate above, and more narrowly rounded 
below than the other; basal border semi-elliptical in outline; dorsal side 
nearly straight along the middle; beaks very small, depressed nearly to a 
level with the dorsal margin, not eroded, and apparently without wrinkles, 
located about half way between the middle and the anterior end; posterior 
umbonal slopes rather prominently rounded ; surface smooth, or only showing 
okscure marks of growth. Length 1°65 inches; height 1 inch; convexity 0-60 
inches. 

Locality and position. Freshwater Tertiary beds, near Fort Bridger, and 
south of there, at the base Uintah Mountains, lat. 41° 40’ north, long. 110° 
10’ west. 

CorsuLa (PoTAMomMyYA?) pPYRIFoRMIS, Meek.—Shell transversely pyriform, 
moderately thick, very gibbous in the anterior and umbonal regions, more 
compressed and subrostrate behind ; buccal side truncate above from the beaks 
obliquely forward, rounding rather abruptly into the base below; posterior 
side much narrower, and longer than the other, and very sharply rounded or 
slightly truncate at the extremity ; base semiovate, being much more promin- 
ent in the central and anterior regions than behind; dorsal outline declining 


[July, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 313 


from the beaks at an angle of about 100°, the posterior slope being distinctly 
concave. Beaks prominent, incurved, and located half way between the mid- 
dle and the anterior end ; lunule deeply excavated, but not defined by a distinct 
marginal angle ; escutcheon lanceolate, rather deep and circumscribed by a mar- 
ginal ridge ; surface marked by fine lines of growth, with sometimes near the 
free borders a few concentric wrinkles. Length 1°30 inches; height 0°85 
inch ; convexity (ofa right valve) 0°39 inch. 

Locality and position. Brackish-water deposits, Bear River, lat. 40° 12’ 
north, long. 110° 52’ west. 


Corpua (Poramomya ?) CONCENTRICA, Meek.—Shell ovate subtrigonal, gibbous 
in the umbonal region, narrow and compressed, or subrostrate behind, not very 
distinctly inequivale ; anterior side obliquely subtruncate above, and narrowly 
rounded below ; ventral border semiovate in outline, being more prominent in 
the central and anterior regions than posteriorly ; anal extremity very narrowly 
rounded or subangular ; beaks elevated, incurved, and placed in advance of 
the middle ; lunule oval and rather deep, though not distinctly circumscribed, 
escutcheon narrow, impressed and well defined ; surface ornamented by fine lines 
of growth, and small regular, equidistant concentric wrinkles ; (hinge and in- 
terior unknown). Length about 1°40 inches; height 0°90 inch; convex- 
ity about 0°65 inch. 

Locality and position, same as last. 


CorBuLA (Poramomya ?) ENGELMANNI, Meek.—Shell rather small, transversely 
subovate, gibbous in the umbonal region; anterior side rather narrowly rounded; 
base semiovate, being more prominent towards the front than behind ; poste- 
rior side narrow, and truncate at the immediate extremity, having a mode- 
rately distinct angle extending from the back part of the beaks obliquely 
backwards to the lower part of the slightly truncate posterior end, beaks de- 
pressed, located in advance of the middle ; surface ornamented by small very 
regular concentric wrinkles. (Hinge and interior unknown.) Length (ofa 
right valve) 0°39 inch; height 0.21 inch ; convexity, 0°11 inch. 

Locality and position, same as last. 


GASTEROPODA. 


MELANIA HUMEROSA, Meek.—Shell rather thick, sub-ovate; spire conical, 
not very much elevated ; volutions about five and a half, distinctly shouldered ; 
and more or less angular,—last one comparatively large, rounded and con- 
tracted below ; suture distinct; surface ornamented by about fourteen rather 
strong, regular vertical folds or coste to each turn; folds obsolete on the 
lower part of the body whorl, but becoming more strongly defined at the 
shoulder, where they often terminate in spine-like nodes, so as to give the 
whorls adistinctly coronate character ; crossing these folds or costx, there are 
on each volution of the spire about four, and on the last whorl some seven or 
sight, regular, equidistant revolving lines, or small ridges. 

Locality and position, same as foregoing. 


Metanta Simpsoni, Meek.—Shell elongate conical; spire attenuate and 
pointed; volutions about ten, flattened or more or less convex, increasing 
gradually in size, last one rounded below, suture sometimes linear, in other 
instances more strongly defined in consequence of the greater convexity of the 
whorls; surface marked by fine lines of growth, and small slightly arched 
vertical folds, which vary in size and regularity on different specimens, and 
are crossed by small obscure thread-like revolving lines; aperture ovate; 
columella moderately sinuous below; lip somewhat retreating above, and 
prominent below the middle. Length 0-78 inch; breadth 0°30 inch; apical 
angle nearly or quite regular, divergence about 26°. 

The specific name is given in honor of Capt. J. H. Simpson, Top. Engr’s. U. 
5. Army, commander of the Utah Exploring Expeditions, &c. 


1860.] 


314 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Locality and position. Higher Tertiary beds at Ham’s Fork, north-east of 
Fort Bridger, lat. 41° 40’ north, long. 110° 10’ west. Probably miocene. 


MetaniA ARcTA, Meek.—-Shell rather small, very slender, terete ; volutions 
about twelve, flattened convex, increasing very gradually from the apex ; suture 
distinctly defined; surface showing an exceedingly slight tendency to develop 
moderately broad, rather distant vertical folds, with faint traces of small re- 
volving strie ; aperture ovate. Length 0°56 inch; breadth 0°17 inch; apical 
angle regular, divergence 15°. 

Locality and position, same as last. 


MeELANIA? NiTIDULA, Meek.—Shell subovate ; spire conical, moderately ele- 
vated; volutions about six and a half, rounded convex, increasing rather 
gradually from the apex; suture well defined; aperture subovate, narrowly 
rounded below and angular above, scarcely equalling half the entire length of 
the shell; surface marked by fine obscure lines of growth. Length 0.40 inch; 
breadth ; 0.20 inch ; apical angle convex, divergence about 40°. 

Locality and position. Ham/’s Fork, freshwater tertiary, probable miocene. 
Lat. 41° 40’ north, long. 110° 10’ west. 


PLANORBIS SPECTABILIS, Meek.—Shell large, moderately compressed ; upper 
side slightly convex, sometimes a little concave in the middle; periphery 
narrowly rounded below the middle; volutions five anda half, increasing 
gradually in size, wider than high, depressed convex and sloping a little out- 
wards above, distinctly convex below; about one half of each inner whorl on 
the under side, and less than one fourth above, embraced by each succeeding 
turn ; umbilicus rather deep; and one third wider than the outer whorl; (sur- 
face and aperture unknown.) Greatest breadth 1:19 inch; height 0-25 inch. 

Locality and position, same as last. 


PranorBis UTauEnsis, Meek.—Shell large, compressed discoidal, nearly flat 
above, (sometimes slightly concave in the middle) and having a wide moder- 
ately deep umbilical cavity below ; volutions five to five and a half, wider than 
high, depressed and sloping outwards on the upper side, very narrowly round- 
ed or subangular around the periphery, and convex, but not ventricose be- 
neath; suture rather shallow above, and deeper on the umbilical side; 
about one half of each inner turn on the under side, and one fourth on the 
upper, embraced by each succeeding whorl; surface marked by fine, regular, 
very oblique lines of growth; aperture rather narrow, oval, and oblique. 
Greatest breadth 1:20 inches; smaller do., 1°07 inches; height above 0.26 
inch. 

Locality and position. Ham’s Fork, same position as foregoing. 


Lina vetusta, Meek.—Shell elongate sub-ovate ; spire rather slender and 
pointed ; volutions five and a half to six, compressed or moderately convex ; 
suture well defined ; surface nearly smooth, with traces of fine lines of growth 
scarcely visible without the aid of a lens ; aperture narrow ovate, rather nar- 
rowly rounded below, and acutely angular above, equalling about half the 
entire length of the shell; columella with a small comparatively straight fold. 
Length 0.56 inch ; breadth 0°26 inch. 

Locality and position, same as last. 


Limn A srs, Meek.—Shell small, narrow subovate, or subfusiform ; spire 
moderately elevated ; volutions five and a half to six, conxex ; suture rather 
deep, and oblique; surface nearly smooth or only marked by fine obsenre 
lines of growth; aperture narrow ovate, rounded below and angular above, 
equalling about half the length of the shell; columella not much twisted, and 
having a rather small fold. Length 0°39 inch; breadth 0-19 inch; apical 
angle slightly convex, divergence about 382. 

Locality and position, same as preceding. 


[ July, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 315 


MELAMPUS PRIscus, Meek.—Shell oval, moderately thick; spire depressed 
conical ; whorls about five, convex or subangular, last one comparatively large, 
shouldered above, and tapering below the middle; suture well defined; sur- 
face marked by rather obscure lines of growth, and small regular, vertical or 
slightly oblique folds, which are distinct on the spire and the upper part of 
the body, but obsolete below ; aperture narrow, angular above, and narrowly 
rounded below ; outer lip apparently sharp and without teeth or crenulations 
within ; columella provided with one rather strong oblique fold below, and a 
much smaller less oblique one about half way up the aperture. Length near 
0-77 inch; breadth 0:50 inch; apical angle nearly regular, divergence about 
80°. 

Locality and position. Estnary beds on Bear River near mouth of Sulphur 
Creek, lat. 41° 12’ north, long. 1102 52’ west. 


Notes on Coleoptera found at Fort Simpson, Mackenzie River, with remarks on 
Northern Species. 


BY JOHN L. LE CONTE, M.D. 


A small collection made at Fort Simpson, by Mr. Robert Kennicott, although 
containing but few species, has seemed to me a convenient nucleus, about 
which [I could place certain notes derived from the study of other collec- 
tions received from Russian America, through Prof. F. W. Maklin, and some 
interesting specimens from Fort Jasper in the northern part of the Rocky 
Se eng kindly sent me by my learned friend, A. Murray, Esq., of Edin- 

urgh. 


Species from Fort Simpson. 
Carabus Chamissonis Fischer. 
Opisthius Richardsonii Kirby. 


Platynus marginelluws, capite thoraceque nigro-piceis, hoc quadrato, 
postice paulo angustato, et lateribus paulo sinuato, margine testaceo reflexo, 
basi utrinque late impresso et subrugoso, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis, 
elytris thorace duplo latioribus, piceis, subenescentibus, basi emarginatis, 
striis haud punctatis, interstitio 3io punctis 5 vel 6 impressis, antennis piceis, 
pedibus dilutioribus. Long. :25—-28. 

Several specimens sent. The elytra are sometimes pale, sometimes dark 
piceous; the intervals between the strie are rarely flat, usually moderately 
convex; the impressed punctures are tolerably large; the under surface is 
piceous, the base of the antenne and feet paler. This species resembles 
P. anchomenoides more nearly than any other species in my col- 
lection, but the thorax is more narrowed behind, with the margin narrowly 
reflexed, and the sides somewhat sinuate towards the posterior angles. The 
posterior transverse impression of the thorax is well marked, and the dorsal 
line distinct. 


Pterostichus mandibularis; specimens in no wise differing from otherS 
found by me at Lake Superior, were sent me by Mr. Kennicott. The species 
is very closely allied to Cryobius fastidiosus Mann. from Russian America, 
but differs by the thorax being broader, with the sides more suddenly and 
more distinctly sinuate at the posterior angles. 


Pterostichus Luczotii Lec. (Feronia Lucz. Dej. ; F. oblongonotata Say). 
One specimen not differing from those found at Lake Superior, 


Pterostichus 6-punctatus Mann. Two specimens quite similar to those 
from Russian America. 


1860.] 


516 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Amara (Leirus) lacustris? Specimens almost precisely similar to’ the 
specimen from Lake Superior, were found at Fort Simpson and also on the 
Saskatchewan. The thorax is, however, somewhat less narrowed behind, and 
the apex is sparsely punctured. 

Amara (Leirus) obtusa Zec., Proc. Acad. Nat, Sci. 7, 348. Amara Esch- 
scholtzii Mann. Bull. Mose. 1852, 297. The specimens sent by Mr. Kennicott are 
larger than the one sent me by Mr. Motschulsky from Russian America, but do 
not otherwise differ. It is perhaps Curtonotus latior Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am, 
36, but the descriptions of the species of this genus by Kirby are so indefinite 
that reference must be had to the original specimens to determine the 
synonymy. 

Amara (Celia) interstitialis De. 


Bembidium nitens Lec. ; Peryphus picipes Mann. Precisely similar to the 
specimens from Lake Superior, and Kadjak. 


Bembidium nigripes; Notaphus nigripes Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 57, This 
species is similar in size and form toB. variegatum and B. patruele, 
but differs by the feet and antenne being black, with the first joint of the latter 
testaceous beneath. The strie of the elytra are also less deep, and more 
finely punctured. The size is smaller than required by the description of 
Kirby, but the color of the feet is so characteristic, that I can scarcely avoid 
considering it as his species. Notaphus quadraticollis Mann. Bull. 
Mose. 1853, 148, is probably the same. The Russian American one described as 
B. nigripes by Mannerheim, is totally different, being much larger, with the 
pale bands of the elytra very badly defined, and the epipleure pale, resembling 
these characters B.indistinetum Dej., from California; it differs, how- 
ever, from that species by the thorax being more strongly margined, with the 
posterior angles more rectangular and prominent, and the basal carine very 
distinct; the dorsal line and impressions are likewise deeper. In all these 
respects it agrees with B.approximatum JLec., but differs by the pune- 
tures of the elytral strize being larger and less closely placed. The femora are 
dark: in B.approximatum the legs are usually pale, though some- 
times dark, in B. indistincetum they are always pale. The species will 
hereafter be known as B. incrematum; it differsfrom all the allied species 
by the 7th elytral stria being obliterated and represented only by punctures. 


Bembidium nitidum Lec. ; Hudromus nitidus Kirby; a specimen pre- 
cisely similar to one found by me in the Platte River valley. Bembidium 
breve Mann., Bull. Mosc. 1852, 301, is closely allied to this species, and 
on comparison may be found to be identical. 

Silpha lapponica Linn. 

Catops brunnipennis Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1853, 176. 


Tachyporus jocosus Say. 
Dicereatenebrosa Lec., Buprestis (Stenuris) tenebrosa Kirby. 


Ancylochiramaculiventris Lec., Buprestis mac. Say. 
Upisceramboides Fabr.; Upis reticulata Say. 


Rhagium lineatum Oliv. One specimen precisely similar to those from 
Oregon and the Atlantic States. I am therefore strongly inclined to doubt 
the specific value of the Russian American, R. investigator Mann. (Bull. 
Mosc. 1852, 367); the characters given by him as distinguishing it are partly 
individual and partly sexual. 

Chrysomela Adonidis Pallas; Phadon Adonidis Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 


214. 
5 [July, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 317 


Haltica bimarginata Say. The difference between this and Graptodera 
plicipennis Mann. is not obvious on comparison. The species is abundant in 
Kanzas, California, Oregon, and at Fort Simpson. 


Haltica inwrata, oblongo-ovata, convexa, nea, nitida, thorace latitudine 
duplo breviore, antrorsum subangustato, lateribus parum rotundatis, convexo, 
parce punctulato, linea transversa postica profunda, elytris parce subtiliter 
punctatis, thorace paulo latioribus pone basin oblique impressis. Long ‘18. 

One specimen. Resembles a nondescript but common species of the 
Atlantic States, known in many collections as H.splendida, butdiffers by 
the thorax being more transverse and somewhat narrowed in front. 


Hippodamia 12-punctata Dey. 
Hippodamia 5-signata Muls. 
Coccinellatransverso-guttata Fald. 


Notes on Russian American Species. 


Calathus lenis. Anchomenus lenis Mann. I referred this species formerly 
to Pristodactyla, but think that there is not sufficient reason for retaining the 
latter genus. The present species is closely allied to C.ad vena Schaum, 
Ins. Deutschl. 1, 389, (Pristodactyla advena Lec.) from Lake Superior, and 
Maine, but in the latter the sides of the thorax are slightly sinuate behind, 
whereby the posterior angles become less rounded; among the specimens 
found by me at Lake Superior is, however, one which does not differ in this 
respect, and which appears entirely similar to the specimens from Kadjak. 

Schaum’s statement from Chaudoir (1. ¢.) that Pristodactyla differs from 
Calathus by the absence of furrows on the outer surface of the four posterior 
tarsi is not correct. Of the specimens of P. impunctatain my collection 
one has the groove very strongly marked; three have it distinct, though not 
deep, while in the two others it is wanting; of the two specimens referred by 
me to P. corvina Lec., the groove is obsolete in one, and wanting in the 
other. From these facts I draw two inferences: 

1. The genus Pristodactyla is to be suppressed. 

2. Many of the species of Calathus as at present recognized, are too indis- 
tinct for systematic purposes, and are to be considered as races clustering 
around afew principal forms. The species of North America may be arranged 
as follows : 


A. Thorax postice haud angustatus, foveis basalibus obsoletis. 


1. Corpus elongatum, thorace latitudine haud brevoire, lateribus modice 
reflexis. OC. gregarius De. 

2. Corpus elongatum, thorace latitudine haud breviore, lateribus anguste 
marginatis. C.ingratus Dej.; C. incommodus Mann, (Russ. Am.) and C. 
confusus Lec. (Lake Superior), are almost imperceptible races of this species. 

3. Corpus elongatum, elytris subopacis, thorace latitudire haud breviore, 
lateribus modice explanatis. C.opaculus Lec. 

4. Corpus elongatum, elytris subopacis thorace latitudine haud breviore, 
amtrorsum vix angustato, lateribus parum rotundatis vix explanatis. C. 
quadricollis Lec. 

5. Corpus minus elongatum, elytris subopacis, thorace latitudine breviore, 
lateribus valde rotundatis explanatis. C. Behrensii Mann. 

6. Corpus minus elongatum, elytris subopacis, thorace latitudine breviore, 
antrorsum sensim angustato, lateribus parum rotundatis, explanatis. C. 
obscurus Lec. 

7. Corpus minus elongatum, elytris subopacis, thorace latitudine breviore, 
lateribus valde rotundatis vix explanatis. L. ruficollis Dg. 


1860.] 21 


318 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


B. Thorax postice angustatus, foveis basalibus latis ; (unguiculi subtilius 
serrati.) 


8. Thorace margine latiusculo reflexo: «. lateribus postice subsinuatis, 
GC. advena Schaum ; @. lateribus obliquis haud sinuatis, C. lenis Mann. 

9. Thorace tenuiter marginato, angulis posticis rotundatis, postice haud 
transversim impresso. C. mollis Schaum. 

10. Thorace tenuiter marginato, postice magis angustato, angulis posticis 
rotundatis, postice transversim impresso; (major unguiculis vix obsolete ser- 
ratis)., (‘Cid u bira Gees 

Anchomenus dulcis Mann., belongs to this division, and is most probably 
arace of C. mollis, though this is merely a conjecture on my part, as I 
have never seen a specimen of it. 


©. Thorax fere rotundatus, vel ovalis, foveis basalibus latis; (unguiculi 
fortiter serrati). 


11. a. Thorace latitudine subbreviore, postice perparum angustato, C. im- 
punctata Lec. (Feronia imp. Say; Pristodactyla americana Dej.) 8. Tho- 
race longiore postice vix angustato, margine paulo angustiore. P.coryvina 
Lec. 


Trechus spectabilis Mann. and T. oblongulus Mann., are by no 
means Trechus, but belong to Bembidium, forming a group between VIII. and 
IX. (Proc. Acad. 1857. 4), characterized by the thorax subcordate, with the 
basal fovee somewhat double, the elytral strie deep, the outer ones scarcely 
abbreviated, the base of the antenne and the feet pale; the last joint of the 
palpi is longer than in the neighboring groups, but acicular and not at all 
conical. 


Euplectus parviceps Miéklin, belongs to Faronus Aubé. 
Sorymbites caricinus Ksch. = C. telum Lec. 


Cryptohypnus fallax Mann. From this species C. picescens Lec., 
found at Lake Superior, seems scarcely to differ ; in the latter, however, the 
punctures are a little stronger, and the size somewhat larger, but hardly suf- 
ficient to establish a specific difference. The names were both published in 
1853, but that of Mannerheim has priority by a few months, 


Rhagonycha binodula Mann. does not differ from Telephorus fraxini 
Lec. (Cantharis fraxini Say, Telephorus nigrita Lec.), which is very abundant 
at. Lake Superior, and is found also in Pennsylvania. 


Notes and descriptions of other Northern Species. 


Calosoma laqueatum, robustum, apterum, nigro-eneum, capite thorace- 
que punctulatis et rugosis, thorace latitudine duplo breviore postice angus- 
tiore, angulis posticis productis subacutis, margine anguste reflexo, elytris 
ovatis punctatis obsolete striatis costis tribus catenatis levibus parum eleva- 
tis. Long. -67. 

Saskatchewan. In sculpture resembles C. moniliatum Lec. and C. can- 
cellatum Esch.; the former has the thorax much more strongly punctured 
and the elytra oblong oval, and much narrower ; the latter is winged, and has 
the posterior angles of the thorax less prolonged and broadly rounded, and 
the elytra more convex, with the sides less rounded. 


Nebria moesta Lec. I have received from Russian America two species 
under the name N. Mannerheimii Fischer. The one, received from Baron 
Chaudoir and Count Mnizech, has the sides of the thorax moderately rounded, 
with the posterior angles rectangular and not very prominent ; the strie of the 
elytra appear smooth, and the outer ones are less impressed at the tip. This 


[July, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 319 


I take to be the true species. The other, received from Mr. Motschulsky, has 
the thorax broader, more rounded on the sides, with the posterior angles very 
prominent, precisely asin N. metallica; the strie of the elytra are scarcely 
less deep at the tip than at the base; this specimen agrees perfectly with 
those of N. moesta, found by me on the north shore of Lake Superior. I 
have also a specimen from Oregon, and several were collected by Mr. Barnston 
at Carlton House, Saskatchewan River. 


Platynus corvus, niger, nitidus, thorace latitudine breviore, lateribus 
cum basi rotundatis, margine laterali anguste reflexo, postice paulo latiore, 
foveis basalibus latis haud profundis, tuberculo valde obsoleto notatis, elytris 
oblongis thorace latioribus, planiusculis, basi emarginatis, striis profundis 
impunctatis, interstitiis paulo convexis, 3io tripunctato. Long. °39. 

Black Hills, Dr. Hammond; Saskatchewan. By the form of the thorax this 
species exactly resembles P. atratus Lec., except that it is a little broader. 
The elytra are, however, broader, less convex, and more emarginate at the 
base. The size is one half larger. 


Platynus crassicollis, elongatus, nigro-#neus virescens, thorace ro- 
tundato, margine anguste reflexo, foveis basalibus punctulatis, postice trans- 
versim impresso, elytris thorace haud latioribus, striis profundis impunctatis, 
interstitiis parum convexis, 3io punctis 4 vel 5 impressis. Long. °32. 

Jasper House, Rocky Mountains, Mr. A. Murray. Of the same form as P. 
protractus Lec., but smaller, with the thorax more convex, punctured 
behind, and transversely impressed, and with the strie of the elytra deeper. 


Platynus picicornis, eneo-niger, nitidus, thorace ovali, latitudine 
paulo longiore, margine tenui reflexo postice vix latiore, foveis basalibus latis, 
angulis posticis valde rotundatis, elytris basi emarginatis, oblongis, striis im- 
punctatis, interstitiis parum convexis, 3io0 6-punctato, antennis palpisque 
piceis, pedibus piceo-testaceis. Long. °24. 

Jasper House. Related toP.retractus Jec., but is much smaller, and 
differs from that and all the others of that division by the characters given 
above. 


Pterostichus validus Mann. Jasper House; precisely similar to speci- 
mens from Sitka. 


Pterostichus protractus, angustus, thorace latitudine fere longiore pos- 
tice angustato, margire distincto reflexo, lateribus late rotundatis, postice sub- 
sinuatis, basi recte truncato, linea marginali profunda medio interrupta, 
utrinque bistriato, stria externa brevissima, elytris thorace vix latioribus 
planiusculis fortiter striatis, humeris denticulatis. Long. °52. 

Jasper House. Resembles by its form P. contractus Lec., but belongs 
to a different group having the base of the thorax margined, with the margi- 
nal line interrupted at the middle, as in P. validus, californicus, algidus, &c., 
than which this species is much more slender, with the thorax more narrowed 
behind. 


Amara farecta Lec. Saskatchewan. 
Harpalusamputatus Say. Saskatchewan, Mr. Barnston. 


Harpalus carbonatus, elongato-oblongus, capite obtuso, oculis modice 
prominulis, thorace capite latiore, latitudine breviore, postice subangustato, 
lateribus late rotundatis, postice obsolete explanatis, angulis posticis rectis, 
apice rotundatis, foveis basalibus parvis haud profundis parce punctatis ; 
elytris (femine) opacis, apice haud sinuatis, striis impunctatis, interstitiis 
parum convexis, antennis palpisque piceo-rufis. Long. °40. 

Saskatchewan. Similar in form to H. advena Lec., but the thorax has 
the posterior angles less rounded. 


1860.] 


320 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Bradycellus longiusculus Lec.; Acupalpus longiusculus Mann. <A spe- 
cimen quite similar to one from Sitka, but captured at York Factory, was sent 
me by Mr. Murray. 


Bembidium funereum, longiusculum, nigrum,piceo-zneo tinctum, tho- 
race latitudine paulo breviore, planiusculo, postice modice angustato, lat- 
eribus antice rotundatis, postice subsinuatis, foveis basalibus bistriatis, angulis 
posticis rectis, carinatis, elytris ovalibus, paulo convexis, striis subtilibus, 
7ma vix obliterata, 3ia punctis duobus notata, pedibus piceis, Long, *19. 

Saskatchewan River; this species belongs to div. VIII. (Lec. Proc. Acad. Nat. 
Se. 1857, 4), but differs from all the other species of that group known to me 
by the thorax more narrowed behind, and the regularly oval elytra, as wellas 
by the piceous legs. 


Dicercaprolongata Lec. Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. ii. 194. Saskatche- 
wan River. 


Asaphes carbonatus, ater subopacus, fronte concava, capite thorace- 
que confertim punctatis, hoc latitudine paulo longiore, antrorsum subangus- 
tato, lateribus late rotundatis, angulis posticis prolongatis subdivaricatis, 
carinatis, fissuris basalibus brevibus, basi breviter canaliculato, elytris striis 
profundis, interstitiis paulo convexis confertim punctatis, antennis articulo 
3io 4to vix minore. Long. ‘68. 

Oregon or Rocky Mountains, one male. This species in size, form and 
color, resembles the Oregon A. morio Lec., but the thorax is densely 
punctured, and the elytra are also more densely punctured. 


Agriotes macer Lec. A specimen of this species, precisely similar to the 
one from Oregon, was received from Jasper House. 


Podabrus gradatus, capite thoraceque testaceo-luteis, illo pone antennas 
punctato, thorace latitudine sesqui breviore lateribus ante medium rotundatis, 
late depressis, apice late concavo, postice convexo et canaliculato, basi mar- 
ginato, angulis minutis dentiformibus ; elytris dense rugose punctulatis, sordide 
luteis, postice sensim infuscatis, subtus antennis pedibusque nigris, abdominis 
margine, femoribus basi, coxis, antennarum articulo lmo palpisque basi rufo- 
testaceis. Long. 48. 

Oregon or Rocky Mountains. The ungues are cleft, with the lower portion 
but little shorter than the upper. The 2nd and 3rd joints of the antenne are 
equal, and together are one-half longer than the 4th; the first joint is reddish 
yellow, with the tip black. The thighs are yellow at the base, gradually be- 
coming dark at the tip. 


TRICRANIA Lec. 


Under this generic name I would separate the North American species allied to 
Horia. The genus has been indicated, but not named by Lacordaire, (Gen. Col. 
5, 664, note), and differs from Horia by the triangular head; by the obconical, 
scarcely compressed joints of the antenne; by the mandibles not being 
toothed; by the last joint of the palpi being somewhat longer than the 
penultimate, (in Horia the last joint is much shorter); and by the posterior 
tarsi one-half shorter than the tibie. The body is also somewhat hairy, 
while in Horia it is glabrous. Three species are known to me, forming two 
divisions. 

A. Body without wings. T. sanguinipennis; Horia sanguinipennis Say. 
Middle States. 

B. Body winged. T. Stansburii; Horia Stansburii Hald., Utah: and 
T. Murrayi, niger opacus, alatus, capite thoraceque dense granulato-punc- 
tatis, elytris elongato-oblongis, thorace haud latioribus, minus subtiliter 


[July, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 321 


rugose punctatis, macula utrinque basali rotundata, lateribusque pone quad- 
rantem rufis. Long. ‘48. 

Rocky Mountains or Oregon. Of the size and shape of T. Stansburii, 
but differs by the head and thorax being more finely and densely punctured: 
the latter is also more transverse, and the sides converge slightly behind, 
while in the other they are parallel. I take great pleasure in dedicating this 
fine species to my learned friend, Andrew Murray, to whose liberality I owe 
this and many other valuable additions to my collection. 


Acmzops mollipilosa, robusta nigra, pube longa cinerea haud dense 
vestita, capite dense thorace modice punctato, hoc convexo, apice constricto, 
lateribus ante medium subito rotundatis, postice parallelis, obsolete canal- 
iculato, elytris dorso subdepressis, lateribus oblique impressis, apice subob- 
lique attenuatis dein obtuse rotundatis, violaceo-tinctis, minus dense punctatis, 
punctis postice subtilioribus, pedibus dense fusco-pubescentibus, antennis 
fuscis basi nigris. Long. ‘57. 

Oregon or Rocky Mountains. Resembles more nearly the Californian 
A. lugens Jee. than any other in my collection, but is sufficiently distinct 
from that species by the more flattened elytra, with the sides strongly im- 
pressed behind the humeri, and more broadly rounded, or even subtruneate 
at the tips. 


Acmzops viola, robusta, nigra, pube brevi nigra parce vestita, capite 
dense, thorace modice punctato, hoc convexo, apice constricto, lateribus 
precipue antice rotundatis, elytris, dorso subdepressis, apice obtuse rotun- 
datis, minus dense antice fortius postice subtilius punctatis, cyaneo-viola- 
ceis, antennis nigris. Long. °43. 

Oregon or Rocky Mountains. Smaller than the preceding, and differs by 
the shorter black pubescence, the elytra more strongly punctured, less im- 
pressed at the sides, and more regularly rounded at the tip. 


Acmezops lupina, nigro-picea, pube longa fusca dense vestita, capite 
dense subtilius, thorace minus subtiliter confertim punctatis, hoc convexe 
apice constricto, lateribus subangulatis postice paulo concavis, elytris sub- 
eylindricis, thorace sesqui latioribus, antice modice postice subtilius et densius 
punctatis, apice rotundatis subtruncatis. Long. 48. 

Rocky Mountains. 


Chrysomela multipunctata, Say; var. verrucosa Suffrian, Ent. Zeit ung. 
1858, 266. Carlton House, Mr. Barnston. 


Chrysomela subseriata, nigra, vix enescens, oblonga, alata, thorace 
lateribus incrassatis rotundatis, sulco vago grosse punctato a disco separatis, 
hoc subtiliter punctato, elytris thorace haud latioribus, disperse punctatis, 
punctisque paulo majoribus seriatis, seriebus per paria minus distantibus. 
Long. °32. 

Oregon or Rocky Mountains. The punctures of the rows are small and 
closely placed, the rows are 9 in number and a short scutellar one. 


Oedionychis scripticollis Lec.; Alticascripticollis Say. Saskatchewan 
River. 


Synopsis of the Scaphidiide of the United States. 
BY JOHN L. LE CONTE. M. D. 


Several years ago I wrote asynopsis of our species of the family of Coleopter- 
ous insects here treated of, but the manuscript having been lost by the printer, 
was not published. I have recently had occasion to study again this group, 
and therefore now make known the species in my collection. The native 
genera may be arranged in the following manner :— 


1860.] 


Bays PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


I. Scutellum distinctum ; antenne clavate: 
Tibie haud spinulose. 
Tarsi postici articulo primo elongato ; oculi emarginati, Scapsibium. 
Tarsi postici articulo primo vix longiore; oculiintegri, ScaPsium. 
Tibie spinulose; oculi integri, tarsi postici articulo 
1mo elongato, CYPaRIUM. 
II. Scutellum thoracis basi obtectum ; antenne capillares: 
Coxe postice late distantes : 
Antenne articulis tribus ultimis latioribus, BHOcCERA. 
Antenne articulis 5 ultimis latioribus, ScAPHISOMA. 
Coxe post. approximate ; (corpus angustum, compressum) ToxipivM. 


Scapuipium Oliy. 


1. S. obliteratum, nigrum, nitidum, elytris gutta utrinque antica 
externa, alteraque subapicali transversa lunata, parvis testaceis, stria suturali 
profunde punctata basi arcuata, striis dorsalibus nullis. Long. °21. 

One specimen found near Evansville, Indiana. Larger than the other 
species, and readily distinguished by the absence of the short rows of punc- 
tures on the elytra, and by the small size of the elytral spots, which are yel- 
lowish. 


2.8.4guttatum, nigrum, nitidum, elytris macula magna pone basin, 
alteraque ante apicali lunata rubris, stria suturali profunde punctata basi arcu- 
ata, seriebus parce punctatis internis ante medium notatis. Long. -16—-18. 

Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philada., 3, 198. 

Middle and Southern States and Kansas. I am very much inclined to con- 
sider this and the next two species as varieties ; there is no difference in form 
or sculpture, but only in the spots of the elytra. 


3. 8. 4pustulatum, nigrum nitidum, elytris macula lunata mediocri 
pone basin, alteraque ante apicali rubris, elytris stria suturali profunde punc- 
tata basi arcuata, seriebus tribus parce punctatis internis ante medium notatis. 
Long. °18. 

Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 3, 198. 

One specimen, New York. The elytral spots are much smaller than the 
preceding, and both are transverse and lunate. 


4. S. piceum, nigrum, nitidum, elytris immaculatis, stria suturali pro- 
funde punctata basi arcuata seriebus tribus parce punctatis internis ante 
medium notatis. Long. -18. 

Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 2, 103. 

Scaphidium 4-guttatum var. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. 3, 198. 

Middle and Southern States. In all these species the posterior tibie of the 
males are pubescent internally. 


Scapuium Kirby. 


1.8. castanipes Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 4, 108, tab. 5, f. 1. 
Canada. Unknown to me. 


Cyparium Er. 


1.C. flavipes, (sub-ovale, convexum, nigro-piceum) nitidum, elytris 
stria suturali punctata, basi breviter arcuata, seriebus utrinque 5 punctatis, 
interna fere integra, externis antice valde abbreviatis, humeris testaceo-tinctis, 
antennis piceis, basi ore pedibusque testaceis. Long. 10. 

Southern States. Of the form ofa large Scaphisoma: the last five joints of 
the antenne form an elongate club, and the tibie, especially the middle ones, 
have a few spines, small but distinct. The thorax has no basal punctures, 
the sides are oblique and broadly rounded. 

[July, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 323 


Bzxocera Er. 
a sB. concolor £r. Ins. Deutschl. 3, 4: Scaphidium concolor Fabr. Syst. 
2, 576. 
ees to me: described as being black, with piceous legs; half the size 
of the European Scaphium immaculatum, which is } inch long. 


2.B.apicalis, rotundato-ovalis,convexa, nigro-picea nitida levissima, tho- 
race basi media prolongato, rotundato submarginato, elytris stria suturali haud 
punctata, basi longe arcuata, margine apicali testaceo, ano piceo, pedibus 
rufo testaceis. Long. °06. 

Middle and Southern States. The side pieces of the mesosternum are dis- 
tinetly divided by an oblique line. The insect exactly resembles a small 
Scaphisoma, but is at once distinguished by the shorter antenne having only 
three enlarged terminal joints. 


Scapuisoma Leach. 


1. S.castaneum, castaneo-piceum, ovale convexum nitidum, thorace 
subtiliter parce, elytris fortius parce punctatis, stria suturali antice longe arcu- 
ata, postice, ano pedibusque dilutioribus. Long. 13. 

Lec. Pac. R. R. Expl. and Surveys, xi. insects, 14. 

Scaphidium castaneum Motsch. Bull. Mose. 1845, 2, 361, tab. 6, f. 4. 

San Jose, California. Larger and narrower than the next species, with the 
thorax more distinctly punctured, and the antenne more thickened externally, 


the 6th joint being not thicker than the 5th, and the 8th not narrower than the 
adjoining ones. 


2. S. convexum, rotundato-ovale, convexum, piceo-nigrum, nitidum, 
thorace subtiliter parce punctulato, elytris parce punctatis, stria suturali 
antice longe arcuata, margine postico, ano antennis basi pedibusque testaceis. 
Long. ‘11. 

Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 5, 183. 

Middle and Southern States, not rare. 


3. S. punctulatum, ovale, convexum, nigrum nitidum, thorace sub- 
tilissime punctulato, elytris subtiliter punctatis, stria suturali longe arcuata, 
ore, abdomine, antennis basi pedibusque rufo-testaceis. Long: ‘08. 

One specimen, Georgia. Narrower and smaller than 8. convexum, with 
the fine punctures of the thorax more numerous, and the elytra entirely black 
and more finely punctured. 


4. S.suturale, ovale, convexum, piceo-nigrum nitidum, thorace subtilissi- 
me parce punctulato, elytris parce fortius punctatis, stria suturali profunda 
arcuata, postice, ano antennis basi pedibusque testaceis. Long. -08. 

Middle and Southern States, smaller and narrower thanS. convexum, 
with the sutural stria deeper. 


5. S.terminatum, rotundato-ovale, convexum, piceo-nigrum nitidum, 
elytris parce subtiliter punctulatis, stria suturali arcuata, margine apicali flavo, 
ano testaceo, antennis pedibusque flavis. Long. ‘06. 

Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 2, 104. 

Middle States, not rare. 


6. S.rufulum, ovale, convexum, rufo-castaneum nitidum, elytris sub- 
tilissime parce punctulatis, stria suturali subtili arcuata, apice ano antennis 
pedibusque dilutoribus. Long. -06. 

One specimen found at the junction of the Colorado and Gila, California. 


7.5. pusillum, rotundato-ovale, convexum, nigro-piceum nitidum, ely- 
tris obsolete parce punctulatis, stria suturali profunda arcuata, postice tes- 
taceis, abdomine antennis pedibusque rufo-testaceis. Long. ‘03. 


1860.] 


524 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


South Carolina and Georgia, Dr. Zimmermann. Very much smaller than 
the other species. I have not considered it necessary to give detailed descrip- 
tions of the species of this genus, as they only differ from each other by the 
characters above mentioned. 


Toxipium Lec. 


Antenne capillares, elongate, articulis 7-11 crassioribus, 8vo contiguis 
angustiore ; thorax basi lobatus, scutellum obtegens. Coxe intermediz dis- 
tantes, postice parum distantes. Pedes tenues, tibiis haud spinosis, tarsis 
posterioribus tibiis haud brevioribus, articulo lmo longiore. Corpus elonga- 
tum compressum arcuatum; mesothoracis pleure quadrate, linea obliqua 
haud insculpte. 


1.T. gammaroides, elongato-ovale, valde convexum, nigrum nitidum, 
thorace latitudine sublongiore, lateribus obliquis, elytris obsolete parce punc- 
tulatis, stria suturali tenui antice obliterata, margine apicali obscure testaceo, 
ano, antennis pedibusque saturate testaceis. Long. -08. 

Southern and Western States, not rare. A singular looking insect, having 
much the outline of the small Crustacea known as Gammarus. 


Description of a New Species of CEPHALOPOD, from the Eocene of Texas. 
BY WM. M. GABB. 


Sepia (Belosepia) ung ula.—Shell laterally compressed, especially poste- 
riorly ; beak robust, acute, arcuate, and with a very faint ridge on the dorsal 
surface; ventral plate smaller in proportion than in the other species of this 
subgenus, slightly undulate and radiate, edge smooth and sharp; dorsal cal- 
lus straight, deeply rugose, marked by about three irregular ruge, and co- 
vered onthe face and sides with pits or cavities, which extend on the sides 
almost to the base of the ventral plate, becoming gradually fainter until they 
disappear; cavity shallow, ventral edge sharp, interior marked by numerous 
compound conceniric ribs ‘crossed by very faint longitudinal lines. 

Leneth 13 in.; length of rostrum 2 in. ; width of ventral plate # in., just above 
the base of the cavity. 

Loeality and position, Wheelock, Texas; from a deposit containing many 
species found at Claiborne, Ala. 

This species resembles more nearly Sepia Cuvieri Desh., of the Paris 
basin than any other, but it can readily be distinguished from it by the dorsal 
sallosity, which, in our species, is not so prominent, and is comparatively sharp, 
especially towards the extremity nearest the rostrum. The roughening of the 
surface of the same portion is, in the Paris species, transverse, while in ours it 
is longitudinal. The ventral plate is one-third smaller in the present species than 
in S. Cuvieri. 

The type of this species belongs to the Smithsonian Institution. 


A letter from Dr. W.S. W. Ruschenberger, dated Philadelphia, 
July 26th, resigning his position on the Committees of Proceedings, 
Publication and Conchology, on account of prolonged absence on of- 
ficial duty, was read, and on motion the resignation was accepted. 


[July, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 325 


August Tth. 
Dr. Hays in the Chair. 


Thirteen members present. 

The following papers were presented for publication : “Descriptions 
of new species of American Fresh-water Fishes, by Charles C. Abbott.” 

“ Deseription of new species of North America Reptiles in the 
Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., by Robert 
Kennicott.” 

‘‘ Notes and Descriptions of new and little known American Reptiles 
by E. D. Cope.” 

And were referred to Committees. 

The number of the Proceedings for July was laid on the table by 
the Committee. 


August 14th. 
Dr. Hays in the Chair. 


Thirteen members present. 

Tke following paper was presented for publication: “ Contributions 
to American Lepidopterology, No. 6, by Brackenridge Clemens, M. D.,”’ 

And was referred to a Committee. 


August 28th. 
Vice President BripaGss in the Chair. 


Twenty-two members present. 

Dr. Fisher announced the death at New York, on the 17th inst. of 
Victor G. Audubon, a Correspondent of the Academy. 

On report of the respective Committees, the following papers were 
ordered to be published in the Proceedings ; 


Descriptions of new species of American Fresh-water Fishes. 
BY CHARLES C. ABBOTT, 


1. Plargyrus melanocephalus Abdbbott.—Head large, broad; snout 
very blunt. Body broad anterior to dorsal fin, rapidly narrowing posteriorly ; 
dorsal outline greatly curved, making the depth of the body anterior to dor- 
sal fin equal to one-fourth of totallength. The eye large, circular ; diameter 
equal to one-third the width of head. The distance from the posterior mar- 
gin of opercular apparatus to edge of the orbit, is double that from extremity 
of the snout to opposite edge of orbit. The nostrils, which have a double 
opening, are situated on a line with the upper edge of the orbits. The mouth 
is of medium size, terminal, the lower jaw the shorter. Small con‘cal, acute 
cornua arranged on the snout, generally in parallel rows ; a few on the lower 
jaw, irregularly placed. The lateral line, commencing at angle of operculum, 
is greatly decurved, approaching nearer the ventral than dorsal outline, 
posteriorly. The anterior ray of the ventral fin directly opposite that of the 
ventral fin, each ray being equidistant from the snout and base of caudal 
fin. The tips of the rays of the ventral somewhat overlap the anus. The 
dorsal fin is higher than broad, quadrangular ; caudal finis slightly bifurcated ; 


1860.] 22 


‘ 
« 


26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Qo 


pectorals long, narrow and subquadrangular, the ventrals long, narrow and 
tapering ; anal twice as long as broad, quadrangular. 
if 


The fin-rays are—D, 9. C, 20-P, 14. V, 8. A, 7. 
a 


Color. In alcoholic specimens, the whole head, posteriorly to the nape of 
the neck, inky black. The opercle occasionally with a metallic reflection. A 
black narrow band extends from opercle to caudal fin, above lateral line 
anterior and below, posterior to dorsal fin. Body of a general gray hue, 
darker on the back, and yellowish on the belly. A narrow black line on 
peduncle of tail. 

Total length 23 inches. 

The specimens from which the description is taken, were procured by Dr. 
J. H. Slack, of Philadelphia, in June, 1860, at Lake Whittlesey, Minnesota. 
From the number of specimens obtained, it is natural to suppose that it is, 
in that district at least, a very numerous species. 


2. Cottus C opei Abbott.—Body subcylindrical; its greatest depth is con- 
tained six times in the entire length from snout to tip of caudal fin; and the 
least depth, at insertion of caudal fin, is contained thirteen times in the 
entire length. Head twice as broad as deep, with its frontal length equal to 
its width. Thesnoutisobtuse. A vertical line drawn upwards, from the angle 
of the mouth would pass anterior to the pupil. The eyes are circular, 
medium sized, and the diameter is contained little more than four times in 
the length of the head. The preopercular spine is strongly developed, curving 
slightly upwards. A small acute spine on the subopercle. The gill openings 
are oblique, large and separated under the throat by an isthmus of three- 
eighths of aninch. The lateral line is distinct throughout its course; it is 
concurrent with the dorsal outline. The first ray of the dorsal is inserted 
fifteen-sixteenths of an inch from the extremity of the snout, and extends on 
a basis of one-third of an inch ; the origin of second dorsal is posterior to the 
vent, the first and last rays shorter than the middle ones. The commence- 
ment of anal fin is opposite the third ray of dorsal. The caudal fin is rounded 
posteriorly, and is contained six times in the entire length; the middle rays 
are bifurcated. The ventrals are inserted in a line with the centre of the in- 
sertion of pectorals; the tips of rays do not reach the anus, if bent backward. 
The bases of the pectorals are crescent shaped, and the tips of the rays, if 
bended backward, will reach the first ray of second dorsal, but not the anal 
fin. 

The number of fin rays are D, 7—15. P, 12. V, 8. C, 14. A, 10. 

Color. Head and back of a varied blackish-gray, with minute yellow spots ; 
sides yellowish-gray, fading to pearly white on the belly; sides marked with 
very irregular dark gray lines. The fins partaking the color of the region to 
which they belong, are sparingly dotted with deep black. Iris bronze.— 
Total length 33 inches. 

Habitat. A small trout stream, a tributary of a tributary of Brandywine 
creek, Chester Co., Pennsylvania. But one adult and one young specimen 
captured. 

I dedicate, with much pleasure, this beautiful Cottus, to Mr. E. D. Cope, of 
Philadelphia, by whom it was found, and kindly loaned me for description. 


PCECILOSOMA, Agass. 


Gen. Char.—Head short and strong, rounded. Mouth little opened, pro- 
portionately broad ; it is not protractile, though the maxillary bone be move- 
able ; opercular apparatus scaly ; cheeks bare. 


3. P.transversum Abdott.—Head and body compressed; nose acute. 
Operculum terminating in a spine posteriorly, Jaws equal; mouth broad. 
Margin of jaws armed with very numerous, small, inwardly curved, sharp 
teeth. The origin of the first dorsal fin is posterior to the insertion of pectoral 


[Aug. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 327 


fin; the ventral is also posterior to the pectoral, and is slightly anterior to 
the first ray of dorsal. The origin of the second dorsal is situated slightly 
posteriorly to the vent, and directly opposite the origin of the anal; the ter- 
minal ray of the anal is anterior to the terminal ray of second dorsal. The 
caudal fin is slightly rounded. 


5 
The numbers of the fin rays, are D; 11—12. C, 16 -A, 9. V, 6. P, 11. 
5 


Total length.—2 inches, 

Color. In alcoholic specimens, the general tint of the body is sienna, fading 
into pale straw color upon the belly ; throat orange ; pectoral and ventral fins 
orange ; the other fins partake of the color of the region to which they belong. 
Fourteen bands of dark rufous, joined upon the back, cross the sides trans- 
versely, and become obliterated upon the belly; the intervening spaces are 
double the width of the bands. 


Habitat.—Cabinet of Academy ? Lake Superior. —— 


A few specimens of this fish, with specimens also of a new species of 
Pileoma DeKay, were presented by W. A. Hammond, M. D., to the Acad- 
emy; but the locality and date of presentation have been lost, and no 
mention of the fish being presented is made in the ‘ Proceedings.’’ The 
only other described representative of this genus is the P. ze bra Agassiz, 
described in his work on Lake Superior, as a fish of those waters. This new 
species may be from the same locality, but at present there is no means of 
positively ascertaining. 


4. Pileoma cymatogramma Abbott.—Body cylindrical, slightly de- 
pressed. Head small, facial outline oblique; mouth rather large. The eye 
is situated near the top of the head, with the diameter of the orbit equal to one- 
third of the length of the head. The operculum terminates posteriorly in a 
broad fiat point; the preopercle terminates posteriorly in a small, very acute 
and conical spine. The lateral line is nearly straight throughout its course. 
The insertion of the pectoral fin is anterior to that of the ventral, and that ot 
the ventral anterior to the origin of dorsal. The origin of the second dorsal 
is opposite the primary ray of the anal fin. The caudal is slightly bifurca- 
ted. 


4 
The numbers of the fin rays are D, 13—12. C. 16-P, 13. V, 7. A, 8. 
4 


Color. In alcohol specimens, the general color of the upper surface, light 
rufous, fading on the belly. A broad, wavy band, mostly below the lateral 
line, of dark rufous-brown. Numerous quadrangular, dark rufous spots on 
the back and sides above the lateral line. 

Habitat.—Cabinet of the Academy. 

This genus differs principally from Pecilosoma, in having the cheeks and 
opercular apparatus, both scaly. 


5. Ammocetes aepy ptera Abbott.—Body posterior to second branchial 
aperture, compressed and tapering rapidly towards the tail; belly, anterior 
to the vent, flattened. The first dorsal fin arises somewhat posteriorly to the 
centre of the entire length of the body, and is pyramidal in figure. The 
second dorsal fin, joining with the caudal, is smaller than the first dorsal and 
more acutely pyramidal in its figure, The caudal, whose origin is situated 
opposite the vent, is higher than either dorsal fin, and decreases rapidly 
towards the tail. Nape of the neck much elevated, and the facial outline 
obliquely descending. Snout exceedingly prolonged ; mouth circular; on the 
inside of the upper lip there are three or four very small granules on each 
side; and at the opening of the throat small ramified papille. The eyes are 
very small and situated near the top of the head, equidistant between the 
first branchial aperture and the angle of the mouth. The branchial apertures 


1860.] 


328 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


are situated in a longitudinal depression, oblique and slightly curved; the 
first aperture is situated in a line with the pupil, and is one-fifth of an inch 
distant posteriorly. 

Total length, 53 inches. 

Color. In the alcoholic specimen, the head, back and sides are dark brown; 
the belly, clay color. Fins yellow. 

Habitat. Ohio River. 

A single specimen of this new species of Ammocetes, is in the cabinet of the 
Academy, marked as procured in the Ohio River, and presented by Dr. Hil- 
dreth. The peculiarities of the species are to be noticed in the remarkable 
length of the head, and distance from the orbit to the first branchial aperture, 
and also in the unusual size of the dorsal and caudal fins; from which last 
peculiarity the specific name is derived. 


Degeriptions of New Species of North American Serpents in the Museum 
of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington. 


BY ROBERT KENNICOTT. 


TANTILLA Baird & Girard. 
T. nIGRIcEPsS Kennicott. 


Specific character. Form more slender and head narrower than in T. gra- 
cilis. Vertical plate more elongate posteriorly, occipitals narrower. One 
anteorbital, two postorbitals. Seven upper labials. Color (in alcohol) uni- 
form brownish white above, lighter beneath. Crown as far as behind the 
occipitals deep black; no indication of a post-occipital black ring as in T. 
eoronata. 

4491, Fort Bliss, New Mexico. Dr. Crawford. 

2046, Indianola to Nueces, Texas. Capt. Pope. 


DIADOPHIS Baird & Girard. 
D. Texensis Kennicott. 


Spec. char. Dorsal scales in fifteen longitudinal rows. Color above uniform 
leaden or bluish black; beneath light yellow, irregularly spotted with black. 
Under jaws spotted. A yellowish occipital ring one and a half or two scales 
wide. 

Descr. Form moderately slender. Head rather narrow, with the crown 
slightly arched ; snout narrow and depressed. Vertical plate small, tapering 
posteriorly ; superior labials seven. Eye proportionally large. Outer row of 
dorsal scales slightly the largest. Color above leaden or bluish black, the 
crown darker. Asin D. punctatus, the edges of the upper labial shields 
are yellow, like the lower, but the latter are thickly spotted with black. The 
abdomen is usually irregularly spotted with tlack over its whole surface, 
though in some specimens there is a tendency to form a medial row as in D. 
punctatus. The under surface of the tail is tinged with reddish. 

1897, East of Galveston, Texas. Prof. Andrews. 

2076, Head of Trinity River, Texas. Capt. Pope. 

2079, Llano Estacado. Capt. Pope. 

2155, Monticello, Mississippi. Miss H. Tennison. 

This will be distinguished fom D. punctatus by its more slender form, 
arched crown and narrow snout, by the numerous and irregular spots on the 
abdomen, and especially those on the mandibular and mental plates. 


LAMPROPELTIS Fitzinger. 


L. muttisrriata Kennicott. 
Sp. char. Dorsal scales in twenty-three rows. Form similar to that of L. 


[Aug. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 329 


gentilis, but the head and eye larger. Color above brownish red, with 
thirty-one pairs of narrow black half-rings enclosing white spaces, from head 
toanus. The black rings not extending across the abdomen, which is uni- 
form yellowish white. Head black above. 

Descr. Snout broader and more depressed than in L. gentilis. It is 
also more elongate, and hence, also, the loreal and nasal plates ; in the only 
specimen examined the second superior labial plate is replaced by two smaller 
ones, thus increasing the number to eight, a peculiarity probably abnormal, 
as all the other species of the genus have seven. The body above is brownish 
red in spirits, crossed by thirty-one pairs of black rings from head to anus. 
The enclosed white spaces are one and a half scales wide on the central fifteen 
dorsal rows, and begin to widen abruptly on the fourth lateral row on each 
side, extending over three or four scales longitudinally on the first row. On 
the sides they are punctulated with black asin L. gentilis. The occipital 
white ring is much broader. The black rings are each two scales wide on the 
vertebral region, narrowing to less than one scale laterally. On the fourth 
lateral row the two rings of each pair begin to diverge, the anterior uniting 
on the edge of the abdomen with the posterior ring of the pair in advance, the 
posterior becoming confluent with the anterior of the succeeding pair. Thus 
the ground color is enclosed in the form of a transverse elliptical spot. Upon 
the middle of the body these spots are two or three scales wide on the verte- 
bral region, four or five on the sides, and but one on the first row of scales. 
Anteriorly the red intervals are greater ; posteriorly they narrow slightly, but 
toward the tip of the tail they are entirely lost, as in L. doliatus and 
gentilis, by the confluence of the black rings. The black rings extend 
but a short distance upon the abdominal scuta, leaving the abdomen destitute 
of blotches, though it is faintly and sparsely punctulated. The chin and in- 
ferior labials are tinged with brown. The top of the head is black as in L, 
gentilis. 

No. 1842, Fort Lookout, Nebraska. Lieut. Warren and Dr. Hayden. 

The number of rows of scales and the more numerous rings will distinguish 
this species from L. annulatus, and those above compared with it. 


L. ANNULATA Kennicott. 


Spec. char. Form stout, head broad, eye small. Scales short and broad. 
Color bright red, with eighteen to twenty-two pairs of black rings from head 
to anus, each pair enclosing an immaculate yellow ring which completely en- 
circles the body, widening but little upon the flanks. Abdomen between the 
yellow rings black. Top of head entirely black, this color extending posteri- 
orly upon the occipitals in an acute angle. A broad occipital yellow ring. 

Descr. General appearance similar to L. gentilis. The form is stouter, 
the head shorter, broader and more depressed, and the eye smaller. The 
dorsal scales are very different, being much broader; the lateral rows in L. 
annulatus, are higher than long, and those of the central are nearly as 
wide aslong. InL. gentilis, those of the lateral rows are considerably 
longer than high, and those of the central nearly twice as long as wide. There 
are twenty pairs of black rings from head to vent, which do not diverge on 
the sides ; each ring covering two to two and a half scales longitudinally on 
the vertebral region and narrowing but little laterally. The enclosed yellow 
rings are one and a half scales wide on the vertebral region. The first three pairs 
of black rings behind the head are, with those enclosed, a little wider. The 
intervals of red ground-color occupy four or five scales on the middle of the 
body, and one or two more anteriorly and posterioriy. The yellow rings are 
of nearly uniform width, and completely surround the body. The spaces be- 
tween them on the abdomen are black. There are no black spots upon the 
body. 

Type No. 4293, Matamoras, Mexico. Lieut. Couch. 

425, Mexico. Paris Museum. 


1860. ] 


330 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


A small specimen from Brownsville, Texas, (No. 1855), with twenty-one 
pairs of black rings from head to anus, has the yellow rings rather wider on 
the abdomen, though not two scales wide on the first dorsal row,—and the 
black rings distinct ; the enclosed abdominal intervals are only black along 
the middle. Otherwise similar to the above. 


SCOTOPHIS Baird & Girard. 


S. opsoterus Kennicott. Coluber obsoletus Say, in Long’s Exped. Rocky 
Mountains, i. p. 140, 1823; not Coluber obsoletus ‘‘Say,’’ Holbrook, Am. 
Herp. iii. 1842, p. 61. 

Spec. char. Head broad behind, tapering anteriorly, snout more pointed 
thaninS. Allegheniensis. Head much more elevated anteriorly. Na- 
sals, loral, anteorbital, and anterior upper labials elevated. Vertical large 
anteriorly, nearly as broad as long. Superciliaries and occipitals large. Scales 
in twenty-five or seven rows, the central ones moderately carinated. Color 
above entirely black, with a slight bluish olive tinge. Upon stretching the 
skin, the spaces between the scales seem to be red. Abdomen light bluish 
slate posteriorly ; anteriorly, yellowish, clouded with bluish slate, lighter than 
in S. Allegheniensis. 

Descr. This species resembles S. Allegheniensis very closely, ren- 
dering a comparative description necessary. Head broad behind, more elon- 
gate and elevated in front than in S. Allegheniensis, hence the occipitals 
are larger, and the nasals, loral, preocular, and anterior upper labials are 
more elevated. The anterior frontals are smaller, though the external poste- 
rior angles are more elongated; the anteorbital is narrower. Posterior orbi- 
tals rather larger; vertical large, anterior breadth nearly equal to the length. 
Four or five external rows of scales smooth, the first largest, with the scales 
less obtuse than in 8S. Allegheniensis. The head and entire upper 
parts are uniform black, not pitchy asin 8. Allegheniensis, but witha 
slight tinge of olivaceous or brown. Upon stretching the skin the spaces be- 
tween the scales and sometimes the covered bases of the latter are seen to be 
of a bright reddish brown on the sides, and in bars across the back, enclosing 
a vertebral series of pure black spaces which are analogous to the dorsal spots 
sometimes seen in S. Allegheniensis. No trace of these markings is to 
be seen in our specimens of the present species without stretching the skin, 
though one of them is but about three feet in length. 

The abdomen is much lighter than in 8S. Allegheniensis; the posterior 
space occupied by the light bluish slate color is less. Along the middle third 
it is yellowish, heavily clouded with bluish slate, and anteriorly it is yellow, 
with irregular clouded spots of bluish slate along the sides. These anterior 
markings are much smaller than in Allegheniensis, and never in large 
square blotches as in that species. 

Though so closely allied to Alle gheriensis as not to be readily dis- 
tinguished by absolute characters, except in the red spaces between the scales, 
the differences in the form of the head, and generally lighter colors, will be 
apparent at once upon comparison. 

Independence, Mo. Dr. J. G. Cooper. 


EUTANIA Baird & Girard. 


E. mecators Kennicott. 

Spec. char. Form shorter and stouter, with proportionally shorter tail than 
in E. proxima, which this species resembles. Tail one-fourth of the total 
length. Eye very large, greater thanin E. proxima. First dorsal row of 
scales broader, each scale as high as long, and less strongly carinate. Dorsal 
stripe narrow, covering one and less than two half rows of scales. Color 
uniform brownish ash, with the three longitudinal stripes whitish yellow. 
Head olive ash. 

Deser. Color uniform dull brownish ash or clay color, with the dorsal and 


[ Aug. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 831 


lateral stripes whitish yellow. A few of the scales have narrow black spots on 
their edges, but these are not prominent, and never extend over a scale, ap- 
pearing as indistinct mottlings of black on the ground color, always on the 
rows next the stripes. The head above is light olive ash. The lateral stripe 
is on the third and fourth rows, and is narrower than in E. proxima, coy- 
ering rather less than two half scales. The color below the lateral stripe is a 
little lighter than that of the back. The exterior dorsal row is much wider 
than in any of the allied species, each scale being as high as long. The second 
row is much narrower, though a little widerthan thethird. The eye is strik- 
ingly large, and the superciliaries are raised, rendering the fore part of the 
crown an inclined plane, yet the muzzle is higher than in E. proxima. 

No. 965, Tucson and St. Magdalena, 160, 86, 21, 24, 6. Major Emory. A. 
Schott. 
E. MACROSTEMMA Kennicott. 


Spee. char. Twenty-one rows of scales. Body rather stout. Head small. 
narrow posteriorly. Vertical plate much elongated, twice as long as wide. 
Hight upper labials, sixth largest, seventh sometimes equal. All the dorsal 
scales broad and short, first row largest, its scales as high as long and slightly 
earinate ; second smaller, but much broader than the third. Ground color 
above very dull yellowish brown. Dorsal stripe broad, light brownish, but 
little lighter than the ground color, and with an indistinct black border. La- 
teral stripe on the fourth and part of the third row, indistinct, dull yellowish 
green. Two series of indistinct broken spots along the second and sixth 
rows. 

Descr. The dorsal stripe is broad and regular, covering nearly three rows, 
but is dull and indistinct. On each side of it for one and a half scales there 
is a rather indistinct black border, somewhat as in E. ordinoides. Below 
this to the fourth row the color is dull greenish brown. On the fifth and sixth 
rows there is a series of indistinct black spots, each covering three scales, 
whose keels are of the ground color. This is also the case with the scales in 
the black border of the dorsal stripe. The lateral spots are one and a half 
scales wide, and separated by spaces of the same width. The third and fourth 
rows, particularly the fourth, are lighter, and of a yellowish green or olive 
color; the first and second and lower edge of third being a little darker, suffi- 
ciently define the lateral stripe. On about every other scale of the second 
row is a series of broken and irregular black spots, formed by the black mar- 
gin of each side of the scales; extremely slight as to the contiguous scales. 
Each abdominal scutum is distinctly edged with black anteriorly, (of course 
concealed by the incumbent scutum), and some are tipped with black at their 
extremities, otherwise the abdomen is immaculate. In one specimen it is 
uniform dark green; in another, uniform yellowish green. The head is dark 
brown above, the superior labials but little lighter, and narrowly bordered 
with black posteriorly. 

One specimen, upon the removal of the epidermis, appears entirely of a 
pale creamy yellow throughout, but with the black markings, including the 
border of the dorsal stripe, very distinct. Another specimen is green instead 
of whitish yellow. 

City of Mexico. Maj. W. Rich. 

This is a very well marked species, and readily distinguished. In color it 
bears some resemblance to some varieties of E. ordinoides and dorsa- 
lis, but it belongs to a different section of the genus, as indicated by the 
position of the lateral stripe. It is otherwise different from E. ordinoides, 
in having a very much smaller head and larger vertical plate, the dorsal 
scales wider, and the stripe more indistinct. From E. Marciana it differs 
in its very much smaller head and longer vertical plate, in its broader dorsal 
band, bordered by a stripe instead of a row of spots, and in the absence of 
the post oral crescentic patch, and broad black borders of upper labials. 


1860.] 


332 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


E. Hammonpir Kennicott. 


Spec. char. Twenty-one rows of scales. Form rather slender; head long, 
narrow posteriorly; snout elongate and narrow, but rather obtuse. Postorbi- 
tals three, the upper much the largest. Eight upper labials, sixth largest ; 
its postero-inferior angle much elongated. No dorsal stripe; lateral stripe 
olive yellow on the second and third rows. Back uniform dark olive brown 
or blackish, without distinct spots. Abdomen whitish olive, lighter anteri- 
orly, and a dark line along the middle posteriorly. 

Descr. Form rather slender, the tail about one-fourth the total length. 
Head very narrow and much elongated; the snout very narrow, but rather 
obtuse. The back above the third row of scales is very dark uniform olive 
brown without spot or band, except a light medial line extending about an 
‘uch back of the head. Lateral stripe light olivaceous yellow; first row of 
scales a little darker, and similar to the ablomen, being of a very dull whitish 
olive. Bases of the scales of the first row black; bases of abdominal scutes 
the same, the color broader toward their extremities, and generally concealed 
by the incumbent scute. A narrow slate-colored line along the middle of the 
abdomen posteriorly. Head above dark olive; superior labials very light 
olive yellow, margined with black posteriorly, excepting the eighth. This is 
black anteriorly, its posterior end being occupied by a yellowish patch which 
is confluent with the yellow of the neck. Lower postorbitals yellow. Two 
small yellow occipital dots, and asmail yellow dot on each side of the poste- 
rior part of the vertical plate; these sometimes absent. 

Young specimens, and older ones, after the removal of the epidermis, ex- 
hibit faint indications of a very narrow dorsal stripe upon a single row of 
scales, but in one there is no trace of this, even upon the neck, where it is 
usually visible These specimens also exhibit traces of two series of large 
alternating spots, which present somewhat the appearance of a zigzag line. In 
a young specimen there is a distinct series of spots on the first dorsal row, 
each spot covering one scale, and separated from those adjacent by two scales. 
Only one specimen is without the dark line upon the abdomen posteriorly. 
There are no irregular black blotches upon the abdomen as in E. angusti- 
rostris. 

San Diego. Dr. J. F, Hammond, 

Fort Tejon. J. Xantus. 

This species is strongly marked, and will hardly be confounded with any 
at present known. It resembles most nearly E. angustirostris, under 
the head of which species the comparative differences are given in full. Two 
young specimens labelled by Dr. Hallowell ‘‘ Tropidonotus ordinatus,’’ belong 
here. Enteniaordinata has astouter body and head, and more pointed 
snout. There are nineteen dorsal rows, and a very different system of colora- 
tion. 


E. ANGUSTIROSTRIS Kennicoit. 


Spec. char. Body moderately stout; tail less than one-fourth the total 
length, and very small. Head exceedingly elongated and narrow, more so 
than any other of the genus; snout very long, narrow and pointed. Crown 
plane above; eye large. Upper labials eight, sixth largest, seventh scarcely 
smaller. Dorsal rows twenty-one; outer row large, very faintly carinated, 
the second smaller but broader than the third; the next rather large and 
elongated, and strongly carinated. Dorsal stripe narrow, very indistinct. An 
indistinct, dull whitish lateral stripe on the second and third rows. Above 
the lateral stripes dark olive brown or black. Abdomen dark ashy olive or 
black. 

Descr. The back above the third row of seales is dark olive brown without 
spots, but with each scale bordered with darker. The scales of the second 
and third rows are greyish olive, with distinct yellow borders. The first row 
and abdomen are ashy olive, with irregular heavy black blotches upon the 


[Aug. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 333 


latter, more numerous along the middle third, but offering no indication of a 
narrow black line as in E. Hammondii. On the first three rows some 
scattered scales have black spots on their bases and edges. Head above dark 
olive ; upper labials light olive with vertical black edgings. 

A young specimen is entirely black: the dorsal stripe obsolete, being indi- 
cated only by a faint line on a single row of scales; the lateral stripes very 
indistinct ; the first and part of the second row of scales entirely black. A 
whitish line along each side of the abdomen formed by a white spot at the 
end of each scute. These are also margined posteriorly with the same color, 
Throat whitish. i 

The remarkable elongation of the snout will distinguish this species from 
any others at present known, excepting E. leptocephala and Ham- 
mondii, from which it differs in other respects. The snout is more elon- 
gated, and decidedly more pointed than in either; the head is not at all de- 
pressed anteriorly asin E. leptocephala, and the eye is strikingly larger. 
The colors of the back and abdomen are darker, and the rows of scales are 
twenty-one, not nineteen. As compared with E. Hammondii, which it 
most nearly resembles, beside the difference in the form of the snout, the head 
is depressed posteriorly (not anteriorly); hence the crown is quite plane 
throughout, while in E. Hammondii the crown is somewhat arched,— 
this form being more observable upon the occipital and frontal (vertical) re- 
gion. Inangustirostris the general form is stouter, while the head is 
longer, and hence a greater elongation of the vertical and frontal plates. The 
seales of the upper rows are also larger and more elongated, and more strongly 
carinate. The tail is shorter, being considerably less than one-fourth the to- 
tal length, while in Hammondii it is fully or more than one-fourth. This 
member is also very slender, the body tapering abruptly near the anus in the 
former species. The dorsal stripe, though narrow, is not wanting, and the 
abdomen is much darker, being ashy olive with heavy black blotches through- 
out instead of light yellow or greyish olive, and there is no indication of the 
central line. The young black specimen is strikingly different from the young 
of E. Hammondii. 

Parras, Coahuila, Mexico. Lieut. Couch. 


E. cyrropsis Kennicott. 

Spec. char. Form very slender, but little stouter than that of E, saurita, 
but with shorter tail, one-fourth the total length. Head large. Eye very 
large. Superior labials eight, sixth and seventh largest. Three postorbitals, 
upper much the largest. Scales in nineteen rows. Color above olive brown, 
with two alternating series of elongated spots between the stripes, giving the 
appearance of a zigzag line. Dorsal stripe whitish, narrow, distinct to the 
tip of the tail. Lateral stripe on the second and third rows, of the same color, 
broad, distinct from head to anus. A series of black spots on the first dorsal 
row: abdomen uniform greenish white. Orbitals whitish; occipital spots 
obsolete. 

Descr. This species somewhat resembles E. Marciana in the pattern of 
coloration, which, however, has the lateral stripe upon the third row only, 
instead of the third and second. The difference in form is most striking, the 
body being almost as slender as in E.saurita. The scales are rather larger 
than in E. Marciana, and those of the first row more elongated. The ground 
color above the lateral stripe is olive brown; the first dorsal row is whitish 
olive or greenish white. The abdomen is uniform greenish white, except a 
small black marginal spot near the extremity of each abdominal scute. The 
whitish dorsal row occupies one, and less than two half rows of scales, and is 
encroached upon by the black dorsal blotches which sometimes reach the 
central row. The lateral stripe is also encroached upon by the spots above 
and below it, though never entirely interrupted by them near the head as in 
E, Marciana. The head is dark olive above; labials margined vertically 


1360.] 


334 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


with black, somewhat as in E. Marciana, except the seventh plate, which 
in the former is heavily bordered with black on both edges; in the latter, 
slightly upon the anterior edge alone. There is a vertical light patch at the 
angle of the mouth crossing the posterior upper labial, and confluent with the 
white of the neck, and not distinct and crescent-shaped asin Marciana. 
Behind the occipital plates is a very large double black blotch. Behind this 
there are three or four perfect square blotches extending quite from the dorsal 
to the lateral stripe, each three scales in length, and separated by intervals 
of about two scales wide. Behind these the general pattern of spots is seen ; 
it consists of two series of large oblong rhomboidal alternating spots, each 
about four scales long, and somewhat confluent with each other at the adja- 
cent corners, giving the appearance of a zigzag line upon each side. On the 
first and second dorsal rows is a third series of very distinct black spots, each 
on parts of three scales, and the extremities of two abdominal scutes. The 
intervening spaces of greenish white ground color are equal in width to the 
spots. 

No. 930, Rinconada Coahuila, Mexico, 179 ; 90, 19, 243, 6. Lieut. Couch. 

Durango, Lieut. Couch. 

Gila River. Dr, Webb. 

Other specifhens have the dorsal stripe on a single row of scales, and the 
lateral stripe has its upper border regular and distinct, without interruption 
from the middle series of spots, the lower edges of which reach only the up- 
per edge of the third row instead of the lower edge as in the specimen above 
described. Instead of the distinct spots upon the first and second rows in 
that specimen, they are here broken up into black borders of three approxi- 
mated scales. In the only large specimen of this variety, the keels of the 
first dorsal row are not parallel to those of the rows above, being directed 
obliquely downward and backward, so that the posterior end of one keel falls 
below the anterior end of the next succeeding, instead of forming a continu- 
ous line. The nose of this specimen is also more pointed than in the typical 
one. 


REGINA Baird & Girard. 
R. vauipa Kennicott. 


Spec. char. Body stout for the genus ; head large, short but high; broad 
posteriorly, Snout elongated, narrow and pointed. Rostral as high as broad, 
subpentagonal, the apex pointed. Vertical very narrow, obtusely pointed 
posteriorly : occipitals small. Nineteen rows of scales, all carinated; the ex- 
terior very feebly. Light brownish ash above, with faint black markings 
upon the bases of the scales of the first, fourth and eighth rows of scales. 
Abdomen entirely uniform yellowish. 

Descr. The body is stout for the genus, with the tail rather short. The 
head is very large and proportionally stout. It is very broad and high pos- 
teriorly, and tapers regularly to the snout, which is rather narrow, elongated, 
and pointed. Crown flattened as in other species of the genus. Snout ele- 
vated, rostral plate as high as wide, subpentagonal, and with the elongated 
apex pointed. Loral nearly as high as long. Anterior frontals triangular, 
elongated. Vertical very narrow, not widening anteriorly, the posterior point 
very obtuse and scarcely triangular. Superciliaries proportionally wide, and 
occipitals small. There is one rather large anteorbital, and two large postor- 
bitals on one side, and three on the other, (which may possibly be the normal _ 
number). Upper labials large, sixth and seventh largest, eighth (the last) 
smaller. Inferior labials ten, sixth longest. 

The dorsal rows are nineteen, all carinated, the outer row very slightly. 
The scales of the first row are much the largest; all the rest about equal. 

The color above is entirely uniform light brownish ash, (clay color beneath 
the epidermis), with about every alternate scale on the fourth and fifth rows 


[ Aug. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, 335 


marked with black on each side near its base. Posteriorly the scales of the 
first row are faintly marked with black at their bases. These black markings 
are not prominent, and only perceptible upon close examination. The head, 
including the upper labials and rostral, has more of an olivaceous cast. The 
abdomen is entirely uniform pale greyish yellow, the tips of the scutella be- 
ing, however, tinged with the ashy brown color of the back. 

1309, Durango, Mexico. Lieut. Couch. 

In its general aspect this species bears considerable resemblance to Nerodia 
erythrogaster, from which, however, it is, upon critical examination, at 
once distinguished by the number of dorsal rows and other generic characters. 
It will, perhaps, be found that the faint black markings on the first, fourth and 
eighth rows are the remaining indications of faded stripes. 


NERODIA Baird & Girard. 


N. Covcut Kennicott. 

Spec. char. Resembles N. erythrogaster, but the head is shorter 
and very broad; the muzzle broad and obtuse. Postorbitals three, much 
larger than in N. erythrogaster, the lower extending forward beyond 
the middle of the eye. Eight upper labials, all large, the seventh much 
larger than in N. erythrogaster; the dorsal scales are broader and less 
strongly keeled, and in twenty-three rows. Uniform dull light slaty brown 
above, paler thanerythrogaster. 

Descr. The head is short, but very broad and deep posteriorly ; the nose 
is broad and obtuse. The outline presented by the head is subovoid, not 
regularly tapering from the angle of the jaws to the snout as in N. ery thro- 
gaster. The prefontals are rather shorter than in that species. The post- 
orbitals are very large, three in number, the lower one elongated forward to 
beyond the middle of the orbit. The color above is entirely uniform dull 
light slaty brown, lighter than in the lightest varieties of the erythrogas- 
ter. The abdomen in both specimens examined is uniform brownish white. 
Upon stretching the skin of one specimen, traces of the usual white transverse 
lines are seen between the scales. The young are probably marked somewhat 
asin N. erythrogaster. 

No. 1319, San Diego, New Leon. 143+, 71, 23, 372, 93. Lieut. Couch. 

No. 1314, Santa Caterina, New Leon. 143+-1, 86, 23, 263, 94. Lieut. 
Couch. 

This species very closely resembles N. erythrogaster, but can be 
distinguished upon comparison by the lighter color, broader and shorter head, 
and by the larger postorbitals and anterior position of the lowest. From N. 
Woodhousei it differs in its uniform color, its much broader and shorter 
head, etc. 


N. compressicaAupA Kennicott. 


Spec. char. Body stout. Form triangular, much compressed toward the 
tail, where it is considerably higher than broad. Head elongated, rather 
narrow, but verydeep. Plates of the crown large; vertical short, very broad ; 
loral small; three postorbitals, upper and lower small, but the central with 
its lower posterior angle prolonged to the labials. Twenty-one dorsal rows of 
scales, all carinate, in form rather wide; those of the first rows proportionally 
small. Ground color yellowish olive; four black stripes on the neck; behind 
this zigzag transverse black bands, which do not taper on the sides. Poste- 
riorly these bands break into three series of spots symmetrically arranged, 
not alternating. 

Deser. Body rather stouter than that of N. Sipedon, and presenting a 
subtriangular form. This is most evident posteriorly, where, and on the tail, 
the height is much greater than the transverse diameter. The tail is very 
large at the base asin N. rhombifer, and does not taper from the anus, 


1860.) 


336 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


but narrows abruptly at one-third its length from the base. Dorsal rows 
twenty-one, all distinctly carinate. The scales are rather broad, and much 
rounded posteriorly, those of the first dorsal row disproportionately small. The 
head is elongate and rather narrow posteriorly, but very deep and but little 
depressed on the snout. All the plates of the crown are large; the vertical 
very broad and short, the loral longer than high, the upper and lower postor- 
bitals small, but the central elongated so as to reach the labial plates. . 

In pattern of coloration and structure, this species departs somewhat from 
the usual style of the genus. The ground color is light olive brown, crossed 
on the anterior half of the body by waving or somewhat zigzag transverse black 
bands, covering two or three scales longitudinally, and separated by intervals 
of one or two scales. These bands do not taper regularly on the sides as in N. 
sipedon, but are constricted upon about the sixth row on each side, but 
are aS wide upon the third, as on the vertebral row. Posteriorly these bands 
become narrower, and finally break up into a dorsal series of vertically elon- 
gated spots, and a lateral series of small circular ones, which do not alternate 
with the dorsal series as in N. sipedon, taxispilotus and others. 
For two inches behind the head, the transverse bands are replaced by four 
distinct longitudinal black lines, the lateral ones each covering the third, 
fourth, and part of the second rows, the upper ones covering the seventh, eighth, 
ninth and part of the tenth rows; these black lines are separated by a little 
over one scale of ground color. None of the black markings involve the first 
dorsalrow, which is yellowish olive, excepting some irregular dark mottlings. 
The head is yellowish olive, with the middle of the occipitals and verticals 
black, and a black patch extending from the eye back above the labials. The 
rostral is yellow, distinctly margined above with black. All the labials above 
and below, and the inframaxiliary plates are yellow, prominently margined 
with black. The abdomen is yellow, with two lines of black blotches. 

1348, Tampa Bay, Florida, Mr. D. Welch. 


HETERODON Pal. de Beauvois. 


H. Kennertyi Kennicott. 


Spec. char. Head broad, very short anteriorly. Rostral plate very large. 
Loral plate very small, sometimes absent. Only two supplemental plates be- 
hind the azygas; the latter is sometimes replaced by two symmetrical con- 
tiguous plates, and without any supplemental. The prenasal and prefontal 
in contact with the posterior process of the rostral. Dorsal row of scales 
twenty-three, all carinated except the first and second, which are perfectly 
smooth. Ground color light yellowish grey ; a dorsal series of rather indis- 
tinct rounded or subquadrate brown blotches; a second series of smaller cir- 
cular spots, much darker and more distinct ; below this a third, and more 
indistinct series. 

Descr. In its general form and appearance this resembles the H. nasicus, 
with which it is sometimes found associated. The body, however, is rather 
shorter and thicker than in H. nasicus, and the head is broader with the 
part of the head anterior to the eye decidedly shorter. The nasals are not as 
well developed longitudinally as in H. nasicus, but the result of this 
shortness of the anterior part of the head is seen in the very small loral which 
is frequently wanting entirely. There is never more than one loral while 
frequently two are seen in H. nasicus, in which the loral is in every case 
strikingly larger than in Kennerlyii. The most striking difference be- 
tween these species is in the number of small plates surrounding the azygos, 
or postrostral. While in H. nasicus there are always at least ten of these, 
one or two of which margin the inner edges of the prenasals and prefrontals, 
there are never more than two, and frequently but one additional plate in H. 
Kennerlyii, and the prenasal and prefrontal are always in contact with - 
the posterior process of the rostral. The azygos is short, nearly as broad as 


[ Aug. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. BES 


long, and usually there are just behind it two contiguous plates of about the 
game size separating it from the postfrontal, but not from the prefrontal. 
Frequently, however, the azygos is longitudinally divided and without any 
additional plates, but in contact with the rostral anteriorly, and the verticai 
posteriorly, and not separated from the postfrontals. The vertical, occipitals, 
superciliaries and labials are much as in H. nasicus, though generally 
less developed longitudinally. The rostral is as large as in H. nasicus. 
The two outer dorsal rows are both perfectly smooth; in H. nasicus, the 
second is distinctly though delicately carinate. 

The ground color is light yellowish gray, with a dorsal series of rather in- 
distinct subquadrate or rounded blotches, two to two and a half scales long, 
and separated by intervals of one or two scales, rather wider anteriorly. Be- 
low this is a series of very distinct purplish black circular blotches, covering 
four scales transversely and two longitudinally; below this, one or more in- 
distinct series of spots. This pattern of coloration is very similar to that of 
H. nasicus, but the ground color is always lighter, and the dorsal spots 
are lighter and less distinct. The upper lateral series is of a purplish black, 
and much more distinct, forming a prominent character. 

Abdomen nearly entirely black, except a few yellow scuta. The head is 
marked as in H. nasicus, except that the nasals, prefrontals and rostral 
are all yellowish, while in the latter species they are dark in front of the light 
transverse line which crosses the crown behind the rostral; and in H. 
Kennerlyi the light line across the superciliaries and vertical is much 
broader than in H. nasicus. This species differs from H. si mus in many 
of the same features as does H. nasicus. These, together with the small - 
or absent loral, and small number of supplemental plates, will readily distin- 
guish it. 

Rio Grande. Dr. Kennerly. 

Sonora. 


ELAPS Schneider. 


ELAPS EURYXANTHUS Kennicott. 


Spec. char. Head very small, narrower than the neck ; entirely black as 
far back as the angles of the mouth. Body banded alternately with black 
and light brick red, separated by narrow rings of creamy white, all the brands 
immaculate. First broad ring behind the occiput red instead of black as in 
the other species. 

Descr. Body rather stout, but less so than in E.fulvius. Dorsal scale 
large. Plates of the head small except the rostral, which is very large and 
extends upward between the prefrontals. Prefrontals elongated laterally, more 
sothanin E.tener. Post frontals small, elongated laterally ; vertical very 
small and narrow, subhexagonal, pointed anteriorly, elongated and tapering 
posteriorly ; itenters but slightly between the occipitals. Occipitals small, sub- 
triangular, the anterior edge square, very slightly notched for the vertical. 
Seven labials above ; posterior very small. 

The fore part of the head is black, but the black instead of passing forward 
from the anterior part of the occipitals to near the eye, and thus leaving the 
three posterior labials yellow as in E. fulvius and E.tener, involves 
nearly the whole of the occipitals, and passes backward entirely behind the 
angle of the mouth and involves the whole of the lower jaw to behind the 
posterior labial, leaving a broad emargination in the black on the occiput in 
the bottom of which emargination are seen the white posterior tips of the 
occipitals. Behind this is acreamy white ring, (probably yellow in life) which 
is situated more posteriorly than in E. fulvius, and involves only the posterior 
tips of the occipitals and none of the labials. Next behind this white ring, instead 
of a black ring, as in the other species, is a broad light brick red one involv- 
ing eleven scales. A creamy white ring three and a half scales wide sepa- 


1860.] 


9 


338 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


rates this first red ring from a black one eight scales in width. Behind this 
are alternate immaculate black and red rings, seven or eight scales wide, 
and separated by white rings three to three and a half scalesin width. There 
are eleven black and eleven red rings on the body separated. by twice as many 
white ones. The tail is ringed with black and white without any red. All 
the rings run entirely around the body of the same color, and are wholly 
without spots, above and below. The plates of the head and peculiar style of 
coloration in this strongly marked species cannot be mistaken. The three 
colors, each immaculate, glossy, and clear, form a striking contrast, and the 
red is probably bright carmine in life, thus affording the most beautiful color- 
ation possessed by any North American snake. 


ELAPs pDIsTANS Kennicott. 


Spec. char. Body slender, with very narrow black rings, four or five scales 
in width, separated by intervals, three or four times as wide, of brownish or 
reddish, entirely unspotted. No light rings separating the red and black ones. 
Under lip and jaw wholly without black, and the tip of nose light. 

Descr. Body very slender ; taillong forthe genus. Dorsalscalessmall. Plates 
of the head generally larger thanin E.euryxanthus; rostral broad and not 
as high asinE. euryxanthus. Anterior frontals rather small, and slightly 
elongated laterally ; postfrontals large, pentagonal, as broad as long. Supercili- 
aries quadrangular, elongated, narrow. Vertical, pentagonal, rather large, but 
narrow, the pointed posterior extremity inserted between the occipitals, as in E. 
fulvius. 

The ground color of the body in the alcoholic specimen is reddish brown, 
probably brighter red in life, with twelve very narrow black rings from head 
to anus. At the edges of the black rings the reddish color becomes indis- 
tinctly lighter for half a scale, but there is no well defined light ring border- 
ing the black as in the other species. On the tail are five broad black bands 
separated by narrow light rings. The anterior part of the head back to the 
middle of the occipitals and the upper jaw to the fourth labial is black, but 
this color does not extend on the lower jaw at all, and the lower edge of the 
rostral and upper labials is light. On the posterior part of the head is the 
usual light ring, but situated farther back than in E. fulvius, its anterior 
border passing across the middle of the occipitals a little behind the vertical 
and thence down and forward to the fourth labial, expanding below upon the 
whole of the lower jaw. On the neck behind this light ring is a black one, 
about five or six scales in width, which does not run entirely around the body, 
being interrupted for a short distance on the abdomen. Behind this, the 
black annulations are perfect, each four or five scales in width, and separated 
by intervals of fifteen to twenty scales of the ground color. The black annula- 
tions are broader on the vertebral region than laterally and beneath where 
they cover three or four dorsal scales, and the same number of abdominal 
scutelle. The black rings on the tail are about eight scales wide, and sepa- 
rated by light intervals of only two or three scales. 

The narrow black rings, separated by very wide intervals, will at once 
distinguish this species from any of the others here described. There are also 
no blotches or dots of black on the red intervals, and, if the colors of the speci- 
men described have not been much altered by soaking, the absence of distinct 
light rings of a third color between the black and red ones will form a striking 
character. The color of the light occipital ring and of the light rings on the 
tail is probably yellow or white in life. The mutilated condition of the head 
prevents an accurate description of its outline, but it is apparently small and 
narrow as in BE. tener. 

1144. Batosegachie, Chihuahua. John Potts. 216, 48, 12, 22, 3. 


[ Aug. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 339 


Notes and descriptions of new and little known species of American Reptiles. 


BY E. D. COPE. 


OPHIDIA. 


CuILoMENtscus Cope. 


Size small. Form stout, body cylindrical, the head not distinct. Muzzle round- 
ed, very prominent, and much depressed. Rostral plate large, with an ex- 
tensive superior surface, and presenting an obtuse angle between the pre- 
frontals: the inferior surface greater than the superior, owing to the back- 
ward position of the mandible. Head shields broad, normal, except in the 
confluence of the prefrontals with the nasals. Nostril connected to the an- 
terior suture of the postfrontal by a groove. Loreal none, the postfrontals 
reaching the labials. One pre- two postoculars. Scales smooth. Tail short, 
the urosteges and anal plate divided. Teeth equal, or the posterior a little 
stouter. Palatines and pterygoids present. 

This truly Calamarian genus is analogous to Stenorhina in the union of the 
nasal and prefontal shields, and perhaps the form of the muzzle and inferior 
position of the mouth indicates aflinity to Chionactis. 


C. STRAMINEUS Cope. 


Common suture of the prefrontals very small, (in one specimen obliterated 
by the rostral, ) that of the postfrontals but half the length of their sutures 
with the prefrontals. Vertical presenting an obtuse angle anteriorly ; the 
superciliary sutures converging posteriorly ; posterior angle less than a right- 
angle. Occipitals short, their common suture scarcely longer than the frontal 
suture of the vertical. Superior labials seven, the second reaching the minute 
preocular, or should that plate be absent, as will probably occur occasionally, 
forming with the third and fourth the inferior border of the orbit. Inferior 
labials eight, fifth the largest. Geneials two pair, posterior half the length of 
the anterior. Temporals 3—3; a larger central plate opposite the occipital 
suture. Scales in thirteen rows, hexagonal onthe flanks, a little elongated on 
the back. Gastrosteges 117; one divided anal; urosteges 22. Total length 
of the largest specimen, nine inches ; the tail, thirteen lines. 

Coloration.—Inferiorly, and upon the first and second rows of dorsal scales, 
pale straw color. Superiorly, brownish straw color, each scale with a deep 
brown dot near its posterior extremity. Top of the head grayish, minutely 
punctulated with darker. 

Hab. Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. Discovered by Mr. John Xantus. 
Museums of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, and Academy of Natural 
Sciences, Philadelphia. 


Carostoma Wagler. 


In the Monatsberichte der Preuss. Acad. von Wissensch., 1859, p. 275. 
Herr Peters identifies this genus with the Rhabdosoma of Duméril, employing, 
however, the name Geophis, which was given by Fitzinger in the Systema 
Reptilium, p. 25, many years subsequently to that of Wagler. The typical 
species is C.chalybeum, which the combined diagnoses of Wagler and 
Peters do not enable me to recognize as having yet been received at our 
Museum from Mexico. The most common species of the north eastern region 
of that country will henceforth stand as Catostomasemidoliatum with 


the synonymes Khabdosoma semidoliatum Dum. & Bibr., and Geophis semidolia- 
tus Peters, 1. c. 276. 


Nia Baird & Girard. 
Professor Baird has kindly pointed out to me that this genus has been iden- 


1860.] 


540 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


tified with the Streptophorus of Duméril, by Prof. Jan of Milan, and that the 
type of the former, N. diademata B. and G. is the Streptophorus bifas - 
ciatus of the Erpetologie Generale. From an examination of the type speci- 
men of Baird and Girard’s description, Ihave become convinced of the correct- 
ness of this identification. The species of the genus will then stand : 

NINIA DIADEMATA. Streptophorus bifasciatus, Erp. Gen. vii. 520. 

Nina atrata.* Streptophorus Drozii, |. c. p. 518. 

Ninta Lanssercu. Streptophorus Lansbergii, |. c. p. 518. 

Ninta SEBAE. Streptophorus Sebae, 1. c. p. 515. 

In these Proceedings, 1860, p. 77, I questioned the propriety of associating 
this genus with the genera of Calamarine. I now believe that it cannot be 
arranged in that sub-family. 


TROPIDOCLONION Cope. 


T. Kmrtanpn Cope. 

Regina Kirtlandii Kennicott, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1856, p. 95. 

This beautiful species, first described by Mr. Kennicott under Baird and 
Girard’s genus Regina, appears to be congeneric with the Tropidoclonion 
lineatum Cope of Kansas. In neither species is the nasal plate entirely 
divided, but a groove connects the nostril with the labial suture. The anal 
plate in the Kirtlandiiis divided, entire in thelineatum. I am not 
prepared to regard this difference as generic here, though it certainly is among 
some serpents. In dentition this genus is isodont, and the head is not distinet 
from the body. 

The Academy’s Museum possesses a specimen of the T. Kirtlandii from 
Columbus, Ohio, presented by Prof, Lesquereux, and a second, half grown, 
from the neighborhood of Trenton, New Jersey, discovered by my friend Mr. 
C. C. Abbott of that place. 

This specimen differs in no respect from that from Ohio. This species has 
therefore an extensive distribution, ranging from New Jersey to Illinois. 
Its habits according to Mr. Kennicott, are terrestrial, which statement is con- 
firmed by the observations of Mr. Abbott. 


Tropiponotus Kuhl. 


T. ustus Cope. 

Scales in twenty-one longitudinal rows, all carinate, those of the first, faint- 
ly. Those of the second row not larger than those of the vertebral. Head 
narrow, not depressed, the end of the muzzle slightly elevated. Lateral bor- 
ders of the vertical plate slightly concave, not convergent posteriorly. Pre- 
frontals small. Nostril in the supero-posterior angle of the prenasal plate. 
Loreal longer than high. Preocular single, two postoculars. Superior labials 
eight, fourth and fifth bounding the orbit. Lower postocular in contact with 
the occipital and a large temporal plate, which extends to the eighth labial. 

A second large, and three small temporals border the occipitals exteriorly. 
Ten inferior labials, sixth largest. Posterior pair of geneials longer than the 
anterior. Tail one-fourth the total length. Gastrosteges 126; anal one, di- 
vided; urosteges 66. Total length 12in., lline. Tail 2in. 101. 

Coloration. Above, a yellowish ferruginous, pale upon the head, very deep 
upon the tail. Upon careful examination there are to be seen very indistinct 
erect half bands upon each side, extending from the first to the central rows 
of scales, alternating with each other. Posteriorly they become entirely 
transverse. Belly salmon color, passing into orange ferruginous upon the 
urosteges. Each gastrostege has a large central area of yellow, bordered on 
each side with wax yellow, (cereus Lat.) these colors, however, blending pos- 
teriorly. 


*See Proc, Phil. Acad, 1860, p. 76. 
[Aug. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, 341 


One specimen in alcohol, sent to the Smithsonian Institution, from Charlotte 
Harbor, Florida, by E. M. Baker. 


T. CELAENO Cope. 


Scales in nineteen or twenty-one rows, all carinate except the first. Head 
broad and distinct posteriorly, constricted at the orbits, and remarkably nar- 
row anteriorly. Profile of the crown slightly, but regularly convex. Super- 
ciliary plates narrow and elongate. Vertical elongate, its lateral borders 
concave, not convergent posteriorly, its length greater than that of the occipi- 
tal suture. Frontals small, the anterior almost triangular. Nasals and loral 
rather large, the posterior border of the latter very oblique. Preocular one, 
postoculars three. Superior labials eight, eye resting on the fourth and fifth, 
sixth and seventh largest and bounded above by the first temporal. Remain- 
ing temporals four on each side. Inferior labials ten, sixth longest. Posterior 
geneials longer than the anterior. General form rather slender, tail one-fifth 
the total length. Gastrosteges 145; one divided anal; urosteges 71. 

Coloration. The general hue is leaden black above and below, with the 
following paler markings. A band of leaden gray commences upon the neck, 
occupying the second, third, and part of the first rows of scales. This ex- 
tends to the anus, becoming darker, and leaving the first row of scales poste- 
riorly. Upon the anterior third of the body irregular narrow vertical bands 
extend from this, separated by black spaces of one and a half or two scales 
in width, which spaces are sometimes enclosed by the confluence of the bands 
on each side of the black vertebral line. 

One specimen (No. 351,) discovered by Mr. John Xantus, at Cape St. Lucas, 
Lower California, and deposited in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institute. 

This species may be distinguished from those called Eutenia, by Baird and 
Girard, by its divided postabdominal scutellum. It, however, bears quite a 
close resemblance to some of them, e.g., E. Pickeringii. It is;unneces- 
sary to institute any comparisons with our true Tropidonoti, (which possesses 
the divided scutellum,) it is so strikingly different from all of them. 


T. TEPHROPLEURA Cope. 


Scales in nineteen or twenty-one longitudinal rows, keels obsolete on the 
external series only ; second row larger than those of the back. Head distinct, 
narrow anteriorly, its lateral outlines regularly converging from the canthus 
ofthe mouth. Outline of the crown slightly depressed behind the plane of 
the orbits. Head shields much elongated, especially the superciliaries and 
vertical, the latter twice as long as wide. The lateral borders do not converge, 
and the posterior angle is but little greater than a right angle. Nasals large ; 
loreal as high as long; two pre-, three postoculars, the former partially 
united in an old individual. Superior labials eight, sixth much the largest, 
its superior border and two-thirds of that of the seventh in contact with the 
very large first temporal. Remaining temporals normally four, sometimes 
confluent in pairs. Inferior labials ten, sixth the longest. General form 
stout ; tail one-fourth of the total length, Gastrosteges 146; one divided 
anal; urosteges 83. Total length 32 inches, tail 8 in., 31.; of a larger speci- 
men, 9 in., 8 1., and the total length 38 in. 31. 

Coloration. Above plumbeous brown, shading into plumbeous grey or ash 
upon the sides, which color fades into pale greyish yellow upon the middle of 
the belly. Urosteges ashy, with a dark shade along the central suture. When 
the skin of the upper part of the body is stretched, it is seen to be leaden black 
along the medial line, with two or three series of quadrate spots of the same 
color on each side. These spots usually alternate, but are sometimes conflu- 
ent into oblique bands. 

Two specimens (4681 type, and 4680,) in the museum of the Smithsonian 
Institution, Washington, discovered at Cape St. Lucas, in Lower California, 
by Mr. John Xantus. 


1860.] 23 


342 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


The number of rows of scales will distinguish this species from Tropidono- 
tus Woodhousei Hallow. Tropidonotus Co uchii Cope (Nerodia Couchii 
Kennicott, Proc. Phila. Acad., Aug., 1860), has avery differently formed head, 
but one preocular shield, and a few other distinguishing peculiarities. Tro- 
pidonotus valid us Cope (Regina valida Kenn. |. ¢.) possesses a short head, 
a rostral plate as high as broad, one preocular, and small occipitals, according 
to Mr. Kennicott, none of which peculiarities exist inthe T. tephropleura. 

The three Tropidonotes here described possess the true syncranterian type 
of dentition. So also, does the Trop. rigidus Holbr., but the T. leberis 
Holbr., and some other species included by Baird & Girard in their genus 
** Regina,’’ exhibit an almost constant isodont dentition. It is possible that 
a genus intermediate between Tropidonotus and some forms of Homalopsine, 
may exist in nature; that such genus be characterized by the possession of 
teeth of equal lengths, and that the only name applicable to it be Regina; 
yet the generic separation of the rigidus from the leberis will not accord 
with the present views of most herpetologists. 


HERPETODRYAS Boie. 


H. Bopparrtit Schleg. 

A variety of this species has been obtained in the vicinity of Xalapa, Mexico, 
by Sr. R. M. DeOca. It is distinguished by the color of the tail, which is of a 
bright salmon tint. Mus. Smithsonian Inst. 


Sprmores Wagler. 


The species of this genus may be divided into two sections, one character- 
ized by the possession of keeled scales, the other having them smooth. To 
the former belong the 8. pullatus, poecilostoma and poecilono- 
tus; to the latter, which Fitzinger has called Drymarchon, the 8. corais 
andmelanuruspertain. All the structural peculiarities of this latter group 
are shared by the Colubri C ouperi and obsoletus ofHolbrook’s American 
Herpetology. The latter species is not the obsoletus of Say, as supposed 
by Dr. Holbrook, which has been correctly identified by Mr. Kennicott, and 
shown to belong to a different genus; vid. Scotophis obsoletus Kenn, 
Proc. Acad. Aug., 1860. We therefore propose that Holbrook’s species in 
question be known henceforth as 


Spores CoupEri Cope. 
Syn. Coluber Couperi Holbrook, N. Am. Herp. iii. 75, pl. xvi. 
Georgia Couperi Baird & Girard, Catalogue, p. 92. 


SPILOTES EREBENNUS Cope. 
Syn. Coluber obsoletus Holbr. 1. c. iii. p. 61, pl. xii. 
Georgia obsoleta Bd. & Grd. 1. c. p. 158. U. S. and Mex. Bound. 
Surv. Rept. pl. xv. 


Pityornis Holbrook. 


P. nz#MATOIS Cope. 

Scales in from thirty-one to thirty-five rows, the exterior ten or twelve en- 
tirely smooth, the central faintly carinate ; the scales three times as wide as 
long near the middle of the body. Head distinct, elongate, depressed, espe- 
cially upon the region of the sutura coronalis. Occipital shield as long as the 
vertical, but subject, as in other species of the genus, to subdivision. Length 
of the vertical one and a half times the anterior breadth, the superciliary 
borders concave and slightly divergent posteriorly. Posterior angle obtuse. 
Postfrontals four, elongate, all bordering the vertical. Rostral not prominent ; 
as broad as high, possessing six sutural borders, the nasal twice as long as any 
of the others. Nasal shields large, loreal longer than high. Preoculars nor- 
mally two, sometimes three, or one. Postoculars three, exceptionally four. 


{Aug. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 343 


Superior labials normally nine, (exceptionally ten,) the fifth entering the 
orbit. Inferior labials normally twelve ; geneials two pair, anterior twice the 
length of the posterior. Tail one-seventh of the total length. Gastrosteges 
247, an entire anal, urosteges 61. Total length 5 ft.4in. Tail 9 in. 

Colcration. The ground color above and below is a rich straw yellow. The 
muzzle is shaded anteriorly with ashy or fuscous; this color gradually fades 
into a lively sanguineous or testaceous, which tint prevails upon the posterior 
part of the head, and anterior part of the body. There arises upon the tenth 
or eleventh row of the scales of the neck upon each side, a longitudinal band 
of the same color, which deepens posteriorly, and unites with its fellow at 
intervals of three or four scales by a gradual widening upon its dorsal border. 
Thus a scalariform series of dorsal blotches is formed, whose transverse di- 
ameter increases regularly posteriorly, and whose intervals diminish, being 
anteriorly four scales,—upon the tail, one and a half. The connecting band 
remains unbroken upon the anterior fourth of the body only. Separated from 
this by an interval of one half or a whole svale, another longitudinal and very 
narrow band arises on the neck. It is much more distinct opposite the inter- 
vals between the dorsal blotches, and upon the disappearance of the line 
connecting the latter, partially assumes its position, and breaks up into an 
alternating series of very elongated spots. The dorsal intervals are thus 
widened to a breadth of seven and two halves scales. There also commences 
upon the neck a second lateral series of spots, which occupy a length of five 
scales on the fourth, fifth and sixthrows. Theirlength decreases to three scales 
opposite the anus, where they unite with the superior lateral series. Every 
second pair of gastrosteges is tipped with sanguineous. All the markings of 
this serpent are sanguineous anteriorly, but deeper posteriorly, passing through 
shades of maroon, until upon the terminal third of the total length they are 
entirely black. A black or maroon band passes along the suture of the uros- 
teges. Belly immaculate. 

Hab. Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, sent by Mr. John Xantus. Mnu- 
seums Smithsonian, Washington ; Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philada, 

This species will compare favorably for beauty with the elegant Tropidono- 
tus concinnus of the lamented Dr. Hallowell, but readily yields the palm 
to the gorgeous Hlaps eury xanthus of Kennicott. 


Lycopon Boie. 
Syn. Lycognathus* Duméril, Erp. Gen. vii. p. 916. 
L. LYROPHANES Cope. 


In describing this species, I will repeat some of the generic characters, pre- 
mising that the form belongs probably to the Dipsadinz, to the typical forms 
of which it is connected by Tripanurgus /tz. 

Dentition resembling that of Macroprotodon cucullatus Cope. Seven 
teeth upon the superior maxillary bone, of which one posterior is elongate 
and grooved ; three central, small and recurved, and three anterior, very long, 
the first longest and least recurved. The central three are not separated from 
those anterior and posterior to them by spaces wider than those existing be- 
tween themselves. Palatine teeth six, the anterior three the longest, ail 
longer than the pterygoids. The three anterior mandibular teeth longer and 
more widely spaced than the posterior, having an outward direction as in 
Hormonotus Hallow. 

Scales in twenty-one rows, rather broad posteriorly and upon the middle of 
the body, not larger upon the vertebral line. The body anteriorly is slender, 
contracting toa small neck. Tail less than one-sixth of the total length. 
Head very distinct, the temples much swollen, so that the greatest breadth in 
life is just posterior to the eyes, though the length of head posterior to the 


* See my remarks upon this genus, Proc. Phila, Acad, 1860, p, 262. 
1860.] 


344 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


angle of the vertical shield is one line greater than that anterior. Side of the 
head constricted at the orbits, the muzzle rather narrow and truncate. Ros- 
tral plate broader than high, with but four sutural borders, the superior very 
long; the apex apparent upon the surface of the head. Prefrontals much 
broader than long ; one-third the size of that part of the postfrontals visible 
from above. Upon a vertical view, the postfrontals appear longer than broad. 
Occipitals, superciliaries and vertical developed ; the last presenting a right 
angle posteriorly, and having the lateral borders slightly concave and converg- 
ing; the first not longer, and about as wide as long, in contact with a large 
scale in their posterior, common emargination. Nasal plates distinctly di- 
vided, very small, higher than long. Loreal plates two, the anterior higher 
than long, intercalated superiorly between the pre- and postfrontal, posterior 
as long as high. Preoculars three, the superior largest, not in contact with 
the vertical ; the inferior bounded anteriorly by the third upper labial. Post- 
oculars three, the inferior a little the largest. Superior labials nine, fourth 
and fifth entering the orbit, sixth largest, higher than broad. Inferior labials 
twelve, the third and fourth narrow, and much produced posteriorly. Gene- 
ials two pair, the anterior longest. Gastrosteges 236, one divided anal, uros- 
teges 70. Total length 27 in. 10 lin. Tail 4 in. 4 lin. 

Coloration.—The ground color is a light grey. The muzzle is érossed by an 
indistinct ashy band, which extends upon the anterior part of the postfrontals. 
The posterior half of these plates is involved ina deep brown band which 
crosses the head between the eyes, whose posterior border is very concave, 
extending upon the superciliaries to the vertical plane of the pupil of the eye. 
This band is continued posteriorly, upon the inferior postocular and sixth 
upper labial. A pair of broad diverging bands commences one band on either 
side of the centre of the vertical, crosses the superciliary and occipital shields, 
and following the expanded outline of the temporal and tympanic regions, 
contracts and becomes longitudinal and parallel upon the neck. A brown 
spot upon the posterior extremity of the vertical plates with a posterior 
elongation, completes the resemblanee of this figure to a lyre, or still more to 
that musical (?) instrument familiarly known to children as the ‘‘Jews-harp.”’ 
The ground color appears upon the vertex as an anchor-shaped figure, and on the 
cheek, as an oblique band. The back, as far as the anus, is ornamented with 
twenty-one pairs of deep brown spots, their gemination only apparent anteri- 
orly by the punctulate character of the scales in the intervals between the 
pairs. These intervals are always about three scales wide; the lesser, two 
and a half anteriorly, one and a half posteriorly. Dorsal spots seven scales 
wide; asthe scales are broader posteriorly, the spots are also. There is 
an irregular series of lateral spots, one opposite each of the intervals, some- 
times confluent with the dorsal spots: anteriorly they form a very narrow 
broken band. Another series of spots involves the tips of pairs of the gastro- 
steges, which are separated by two, three, four, or even five immaculate ones. 
Ten confluent pairs of spots on the upper surface of the tail. Whole under 
surface whitish. 

Type (Sm. No. 4080), discovered by Mr. J. Xantus at Cape St. Lucas, Lower 
California. Another specimen collected by Mr. Irwin, at Ft. Buchanan, Ari- 
zona, appears to be identical, though in a bad state of preservation. 

The discovery of this species by Messrs. Irwin and Xantus, is one of the 
most interesting additions to North American Herpetology. The form is 
strictly tropical, for we learn from the Erpetologie Generale that the L. gem- 
inatus is Brazilian, and the scolopax has been brought from Guiana and 
Santa Cruz de la Sierra in the eastern region of Bolivia. There are no other 
species known. It is important to notice that the present species differs from 
those of South America in the possession of two loreals and three preoculars, 
but with our present knowledge of the Dipsadinz, generic difference can 
hardly be predicated upon peculiarities of this kind. 

[Aug. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 345 


TELEURASPIS Cope. 


In these Proceedings for December, 1859, I characterized a genus of crotal- 
ine serpents under the above name. It was intended to include all the 
serpents hitherto arranged with Bothrops, which possess undivided urosteges. 
In examining the structure of these serpents, I recognized two sections of the 
genus, the one containing a single species, and characterized by the possession 
of a series of elevated scales exterior to the superciliary plate ; the other con- 
taining several species, which have that plate, as is Bothrops, i. e. forming 
the superior border of the orbit. It seemed probable that these might be 
generically distinct, yet the possession of the horned eyebrow by but a single 
species, would not admit of sucha conclusion. Since then, I have received 
from Dr. Albert Giinther, his description and beautiful figure of Lachesis 
nitidus, published in the P. Z. 8., Nov., 1859. This serpent, which 
was discovered by Mr. Fraser, in the Andes of Equador, is obviously a second 
species of the typical group of my Teleuraspis ; we can perceive no propriety 
in its position in Lachesis, a genus having urosteges anteriorly two-rowed, at 
the tip four-rowed. 

In the Monatsberichte der Kénigl. Preuss. Acad. for March 1859, p. 278. 
Herr. Peters characterized a genus Bothriéchis, for a species resembling a 
Bothrops, except in its entire urosteges, and keelless scales of the vertex. 
Excluding the latter character, which does not appear to be of generic value, 
this genus is exactly co-extensive with my second section of Teleiiraspis. 
The following, therefore, will be what appears to me to be the correct nomen- 
clature of the species included by me in Teleiiraspis l. ¢. with the addition of 
those here mentioned. 


Crotaline Viperide, without crepitaculum having a scaled scarlet vertex, super- 
ciliary plates present, and entire urosteges. 


1. Tetetraspis Cope, Proc. Philada. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1859, p. 338. 
T. ScHuEGELI Cope, l. c. 
Trigonocephalus Schlegeli Berthold, vid. 1, ¢. 
T. nitipA Cope, hujus operis. 
Lachesis nitidus, Giinther, 1. c. 


2. Boruriecuis Peters, Monatsbericht Kénigl. Preuss. Acad. 1859, p. 278. 
B. nicroviripis Peters, 1. c. 
B. Castennavl Cope. h. op. 
Bothrops Castelnaudi Dum. & Bibr., vid. 1. ¢. 
Teletiraspis Castelnaui Cope, 1. c. 
B. Lanspereit Cope, h. op. 
Trigonocephalus Lansbergu Schleg., loc.? 
* Teletiraspis Lanshergit Cope, 1. ¢. 
?B. NuMMIFER Cope, h. op. 
Trigonocephalus nummifer Riipp., loe.? 
2 Teletiraspis nummifer Cope, 1. c. 


Contributions to American Lepidopterology.—No. 6. 
BY BRACKENRIDGE CLEMENS, M. D. 
TINEINA. Fam. TORTRICID. 


ANTITHESIA Stephens. 


Fore wings much narrower at the base than across the inner angle; costa 
regularly arched ; apex obtuse; hind margin obliquely rounded ; apical nervule 
simple; disk moderately broad, rounded behind, and with a secondary eell. 


1860.] 


346 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Hind wings much broader than the fore wings, ovate; branches of the subcostal 
connivent at their origins; discal vein curved; medio-discal on an erect mo- 
derate stalk; the two superior nervules of the median vein scarcely from a 
common point. Head roughened; with ocelli. Face rounded, rather narrow. 
Eyes prominent, rather large; antenne approximated, inserted on the fore- 
head; setaceou3, with whorls of minute cilia, pubescent beneath. Palpi ex- 
ceeding the clypeus, ascending, rather hairy beneath and at the end of the 
middle joint above, which is truncate; terminal joint minute, oval. Tongue 
about one-half as long as the anterior coxe. Thorax with a bifid tuft behind. 
Abdomen tufted in the (j. 


A.nimbatana.—Head and palpi dark brown, the latter whitish beneath. 
Thorax dark brownish, pale ochreous white in the middle. Fore wings dark 
brownish, with an indistinct violet hue from the base to beyond the middle ; 
apical portion of the wing whitish, with brownish dots along the costa. Hind 
wings pale grayish fuscous. 

The larva binds together the leaves of the rose. The insect may be the A. 
ochroleucana of Europe, and may not be a native of our continent. The 
apical edge of the dark brownish portion of the wing is obliguely rounded, and 
is sometimes varied with whitish on the inner margin and towards the base. 

Mass. Penna. Ill. 


A. bipartitana.—Fore wings white, with a dark brown basal patch and 
a rather broad central fascia of the same hue, with the apical edge straight. 
The costa exterior to the central fascia has two or three dark brown dots; the 
tip of the wing is varied with the same hue, and in the middle of the apical 
white portion is a pale brownish spot. Cilia spotted with dark brown. Hind 
wings whitish, fuscous at the apex and towards the hind margin. ; 

This insect bears a superficial resemblance to H.fasciatana. 

Mass. From Mr. Scudder. 


A.? coruscana.—Fore wings luteous, varied with dark brown, spotted 
towards the base with metallic leaden hued spots; a more or less distinct cen- 
tral fascia spotted with leaden spots, especially on its edges, and a band from 
the costa, near the tip of the inner margin, is edged with metallic leaden-hued 
lines on both sides. The central and subapical bands are often dark brown 
irrorated with luteous, and the basal patch sometimes distinct, and again 
scarcely, if at all, indicated. Hind wings dark brown. 

In general appearance, this insect strongly resembles those of the genus 
Exartema, but wants the peculiar appendage at the base of the inner margin 
of the hind wings in the latter genus, besides differing from it in other respects. 
In structure it agrees very nearly with the genus in which it is placed. 


Lozorznia Stephens. 


Fore wings nearly as broad toward the base as at the inner angle; with the 
costa much arched at the base, emarginate from the middle to the tip, which 
is slightly produced upwards, and emarginate beneath the tip on the hinder 
margin. The inner angle obtusely rounded. In the (j the costa at the base 
has a fold or flap of scales on the upper surface. The disk is elongated, 
slightly curved, without distinct secondary cell. The second disco-central ner- 
vule is approximated to the medio-superior, and the posterior, very remote from 
the penultimate, is opposite at its origin to that of the first subcosto-marginal 
nervule. In the posterior wings the discal vein is curved and the disco-central 
is approximated to the median system. 

Head scarcely rough, with a slight frontal tuft between the antenne. With 
ocelli. Face smooth and rather narrow. Eyes prominent. Antenne separated 
at their bases, setaceous, pubescent beneath, or microscopically ciliated. Palpi 
ascending, cylindrical, densely clothed with short scales; terminal joint ex- 
tremely shert, slender, ovate, about as long as the basal joint; middle joint 


[Aug. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPATIA. 347 


three or four times longer than the terminal, without spreading scales at the 
end. Tongue nearly as long as the anterior coxe. Thorax not tufted. Abdo- 
men tufted at the tip in the ¢%. 


L. Rosaceana, Harris, Ins. Mass., 2d ed., 376.—Pale cinnamon-brown. 
Fore wings with a basal and oblique central fascia of a darker reddish brown 
and a triangular spot of the same hue on the costa, near the tip, and frequently 
with a subterminal band. The wing is more or less striated with dark reddish 
brown lines. Hind wings ochreous yellow, internally blackish. 

The larva binds together the leaves of the rose and other plants. 


L. fervidana.—Palpi, head and thorax brownish ochreous. Fore wings 
ochreous, with the basal patch reddish brown; a reddish brown central fascia, 
interrupted on the disk, with a shining dark brownish spot above it on the middle 
of the costa; near the tip, on the costa, is a dark brownish spot, and between 
the two costal spots, beneath the middle of the wing, is a diffuse patch of the 
same hue. Hind wings fuscous, along the costa yellowish white. 


Peronea Curtis. 


Fore wings with tufts of elevated scales scattered over the surface; costa not 
folded, rather abruptly arched at the base, slightly concave in the middle; 
apex slightly produced, and the hind margin beneath it slightly concave; inner 
angle rounded. The disk is placed in the middle of the wing, is rather narrow 
and without secondary cell; apical vein simple. In the hind wings the costal 
and subcostal are distinct, the branches of the latter connivent; discal vein 
curved; medio-discal on a short stalk at the bifurcation of the two superior 
branches of the median vein. 

Head scarcely rough. Ocelli small. Face short, rounded, slightly tufted in 
the middle. Eyes prominent. Antenne setaceous, pubescent beneath. Paipi 
exceeding the face by one half their length, rather truncate, ascending toward 
the base and porrected from the middle; terminal joint minute, almost con- 
cealed in the scales of the middle joint, which is thin and cylindrical at i's 
base, arching upward on its upper edge, nearly straight beneath, and densely 
clothed with scales at its end, especially above. Tongue about one-half as 
long as the anterior coxe. 


P. Viburnana.—Palpi brownish gray. Head dark brownish. Thorax 
blackish brown in front, dark ochreous behind. Fore wings grayish, with a 
reddish brown costal patch at the base, and a large triangular patch of the 
same hue, extending from the middle of the costa to the tip, and nearly across 
the wing; it is margined internally with dark ochreous, and has an oblique 
line of the same hue from the costa, passing through its middle. The tufts are 
minute, black and disposed on ochreous colored bases. Hind wings fuscous. 

The larva rolls and feeds on the leaves of Viburnum and wild cherry. Itis 
immaculate pale green; head pale brownish. The rolled leaves contain a 
silken web or gallery, in which the larva lives. 


PLATYNOTA. 


Fore wings with tufts and lines of elevated scales disposed over the surface ; 
costa broadly folded at the base in the ', where it is abruptly arched, and 
straight along the middle; the tip and hind margin rounded. The disk is 
placed in the middle of the wing, and is broadest in the middle, without se- 
condary cell. There are three subcosto-marginal nervules; the apical branch 
is bifid, with two disco-central nervules, the lower one approximated to the 
median system ; the medio-posterior is moderately remote from the penultimate 
branch, and is opposite the second marginal nervule. In the hind wings the 
costal and subcostal veins arise from a common stalk; the branches of the 
subcostal separate from each other at the origin of the discal vein, which is 
somewhat angulated; the two superior branches of the median arise at a 
common point, where is likewise reccived the medio-discal on a short oblique 


1860.] 


348 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


stalk, the nervule running parallel with the medio-superior nervule. In repose 
the wings are deflexed in the apical portion along the middle. 

Head smooth, vertex elongated. Face smooth nearly naked, concealed by 
the labial palpi; forehead with a thin tuft. Eyes rather small, moderately 
prominent. Antenne setaceous, pubescent beneath. Palpi exceeding the face 
by more thar one-half the length, crambiform, porrected, flattened, and taper- 
ing from the middle to the end; terminal joint distinct, short, smooth and 
ovate; middle joint suddenly arching upward at the face, whence it is porrected 
and slightly deflexed, roughly clothed with scales above and beneath. Tongue 
rudimentary, almost obsolete. 


P. sentana-—Head and palpi dark brownish, slightly sprinkled with 
grayish. Fore wings dark grayish brown, with an oblique line of dark brownish 
scales near the base, terminating in a tuft of the same hue on the foid. An 
oblique line of elevated dark brownish scales crosses the wing from the costa 
within the middle, to the middle of the inner margin, and in the middle of the 
wing, exterior to it, is a short blackish streak, beneath which the wing is dis- 
colored with dark reddish brown; along the costa, exterior and parallel to the 
central line, are two shorter and similar lines. Near the hind margin, and 
parallel with it, are two lines of elevated dark brownish scales crossing the 
nervules. Hind wings yellowish fuscous. 

The larva feeds on the leaves of Viburnum prunifolium. Itis dark brown, 
with paler brown papilliform points, and two indistinct subdorsal lines of the 
same hue. it leaves its food plant to weave a white silken cocoon, and appears 
as an imago early io July. 

P. flavedana.—Reddish saffron. Fore wings with an oblique line near 
the base, terminating in a tuft on the fold; an oblique central fascia edged on 
each side with elevated scales, and a fascia near the tip, joining the central 
fascia, reddish brown. Near the terminal border of the wing is a line of raised 
scales of the general hue. Hind wings reddish saffron. 

Male? Palpi reddish brown, terminal joint yellowish. Head and thorax 
ochreous yellow. Fore wings yellow, deeper at the base than at the tip, with 
the middle of the wing discolored with blackish brown, having a purplish hue. 
At the base of the fold, on its middle and about the end of the disk, are tufts 
of scales, and with two transnervular lines of scales in the yellow portion. The 
extreme hind margin is reddish ochreous, varied somewhat with dark brownish. 

These specimens may be only variations of P. sentana. 


ANcHYLOPERA Stephens. 


Fore wings rather narrow, with the tip usually produced acutely, and the hind 
margin falcate or concave. The disk is slightly above the middle of the wing, 
widening from base to apex, with four subcosto-marginal nervules; apical 
simple; two distinct disco-central branches. The medio-posterior arises be- 
tween the first and second marginal nervules. In the hind wings the discal 
vein is curved. The median vein is either two-branched, with a medio-discal 
nervule, or three-branched with the two superior branches on a moderately long com- 
mon stalk, and a medio-discal nervule on a short peduncle. 

Head rather rough. With ocelli. Face slightly tufted in the middle. Eyes 
moderate. Antenne setaceous, pubescent beneath. Palpi exceeding the face 
a little, slightly ascending but porrected, thickly and truncately scaled towards 
the end; terminal joint slender, minute, usually drooping, and almost concealed 
in the terminal scales of the middle joint, which is somewhat curved and 
roughly scaled beneath and at the end above. Tongue about one-half as long 
as the anterior cox, and a little longer than the labial palpi. 


§ Tip of fore wings produced. Median vein of hind wings 2-branched, with 
medio-discal branch. 
A. Spirexfoliana.—Palpi white, reddish brown at the base. Head 


; [Aug, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 349 


reddish brown. Thorax white, disk reddish brown. Fore wings white with 
a large reddish brown dorsal patch extending from the base to the middle of 
the wing, and rounded on the costal edge; an oblique fascia of the same hue 
from the middle of the costa to about the centre of the wing, with the costa 
exterior to it streaked alternately with white and reddish brown to the apex. 
The extreme apex reddish brown. Hind wings grayish fuscous. 

The larva feeds on the leaves ofSpireaopulifolia (nine bark.) One of 
the veins of the leaf is drawn closely to the midrib so as to produce a fold in 
it from the base, in which the larva lives and feeds on the parenchyma of the 
leaf. The larva deserts the food plant to form its cocoon, which is slight and 
woven between applied or folded leaves. The first brood produce imagos 
early in July. There is nothing characteristic in the ornamentation of the 
larva ; its head and body are pale green, or yellowish green. 


A. nubeculana.—Fore wings white with a dark brown dorsal patch 
extending from the base to the middle of the wing, with its costal edge 
irregular or doubly curved. The oblique central fascia is almost obsolete 
except on the middle of the costa where it appears as a dark grayish brown 
spot, and in the middle of the wing beneath it is a grayish brown round spot 
exterior to which is a short black dash. The wing above the inner angle is 
varied with grayish brown and brownish. The costa exterior of the middle is 
alternately streaked with white and brownish, becoming reddish brown 
toward the tip. Extreme apex reddish brown. 


A, Platanana.—Fore wings pale reddish ochreous, whitish along the 
costa at the base, frequently with a semioval patch of the general hue at the 
base of the inner margin. An abbreviated central, oblique fascia of the general 
hue, with two reddish brown streaks in the middle of the wing near the hind 
margin, and the costa from the central fascia to the tip, streaked with the 
general hue and whitish, and with two white streaks in the cilia beneath the 
tip. Extreme apex reddish saffron. Hind wings whitish. 

The larva folds the leaf of sycamore near the base, weaving a web and 
drawing the side of the leaf to the midrib in June and July. 


§§ Tip of fore wings not acutely produced. Fore wings with very faintly 
indicated secondary cell. Hind wings, median vein 2-branched, and with a 
medio-discal branch. 

A.striatana.—Fore wings grayish brown, with three white streaks 
from the base, one along the costa, one in the middle of the wing, and one 
along the inner margin. The costa from the middle of the tip is alternately 
streaked with white and greyish brown. Ocelloid patch whitish with one or 
two black streaks, and with scales somewhat silvery internally and externally 
to the streaks. Hind wings fuscous. 

Dr. Morris. Baltimore and Easton. 


§§ Hind wings with median vein 3-branched, the two superior pedunculated. 
In repose the fore wings are hooked in the middle of hind margin. 
A.costomaculana.—Fore wings ochreous-white, with a costal some- 
what triangular patch extending from the middle to the tip and rounded in the 
middle of the wing; in the middle and toward the tipitisdark reddish brown, 
and along the costa tinted with dark purplish. The costa minutely striated 
from the base. Hind wings fuscous, paler towards the base. 


DysopiA. 

Fore wings with a subvitreous spot on the disk ; narrow at the base, dilated 
beyond the middle ; tip obtusely rounded, hind margin rounded, inner margin 
sinuous. The disk is above the middle of the wing and is dilated posteriorly. 
From the subcostal vein arise three very oblique marginal branches, the first 
behind the middle of the disk and the others approximated near its posterior 


1860.] 


350 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


end ; the apical and post-apical nervules arise at a common point, from which 
is given off a faint discal vein, which is obsolete in the middle (?) and gives 
oi on the costal side of the wing a disco-central branch ; another arises on the 
median side from a short vertical stalk. Median vein 3-branched, the posterior 
opposite the first marginal. In the hind wings the subvitreous spot is larger 
than in the fore wings and angulated ; the tip is very obtusely rounded, and the 
hind margin is emarginate opposite the disk, which is very broad. The costal 
and subcostal veins cross each other about the middle of the disk and are 
continued to the base of the wing separately ; the subcostal is bifid beyond the 
origin of the discal vein which is faint and angulated, and the branches of the 
subcostal separate from the point of bifurcation. The median vein is three- 
branched, with a medio-discal nervule running parallel with the superior 
nervule from an oblique stalk. 

Head smooth, although hairy; rather impacted. Without ocelli. Face 
broad, rounded. Eyes rather small, not prominent. Antenne setaceous, 
pubescent beneath. Palpi exceeding the face by about one-third of their 
length, ascending and rather porrected, tapering from the base to the tip and 
rather thick; basal joint very hairy ; middle joint tapering to the tip, with an 
external ridge and squamose, but not hairy; terminal joint distinct, rather 
slender, squamose, rather less than one half as long as the middle joint. 
Tongue stout, and one half as long as the body beneath. 

Thorax thick and tufted; patagid with long elevated scales. All the femora 
and tibie clothed with long hairs. 


D. oculatana.—Head, palpi and prothorax ochreous-fuscous. Thoracic 
tuft ochreous. Forejwings fuscous, varied with ochreous-yellow, with a small 
subvitreous spot on the disk. The base of the wing and a band just internal 
to the discal spot ochreous-yellow, each varied with fuscous strie ; and crossing 
the middle of the nervules is another band of the same hue, slightly clouded 
with fuscous above the middle, having a spot of the same hue behind it, 
above the inner angle. Hind wings with a large subvitreus spot, produced 
towards the external margin; similar in color to the fore wings, but almost 
reticulated with fuscous. 

The larva is quite as peculiar as the perfect insect. It is sluggish, with a 
thick and much contracted body, and uniform in diameter. Head as broad 
as the body, black. Color yellowish or orange yellow, thickly covered with 
rows of oval, black tubercles each having a hair. The terminal extremity is 
furnished with a black shield. The second segment (the one next the head) 
is naked, softish and rather swollen. Length about six lines. The larva has 
a disagreeable odor. It feeds on Eupatorium ageratoides (white snake- 
root) beginning on one side of a leaf to form a cone or cornet, cutting and 
rolling the separated portion, as it increases in size, sometimes across the 
entire leaf. At maturity it eats away the closed end of the cone and falling to the 
earth forms on its surface a silken cocoon. There are two broods of larva, 
one which matures in June, July, and another in the Fall, to appear as 
imagos in April. I have never seen the imago on wing, but it will be found, 
doubtless, wherever its food plant isdistributed. The plant is a common one. 
especially northward. The insect is rather rare in this region. 


Stigmonota Guenée. 


There is but little that is characteristic in the wing structure. In the fore 
wings the costa is regularly arched, not broad at the base; apex obtuse, hind 
margin rounded, and slightly concave beneath the tip. The disk is rounded 
behind, placed above the middle of the wing, with a small secondary cell and 
discal fold distinct. In the hind wings the costal and subcostal veins arise 
from a common stalk about the middle of the cell. The discal vein is rather 
faint and slightly angulated in the middle, with a disco-central branch arising 


[Aug. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 301 


below the middle on a moderate vertical stalk. Median vein with the two 
superior nervules arising at a common poirt. 

Head rather rough, with ocelli. Face broad, rounded. Antenne setaceous, 
simple. Palpi alittle longer than the head, slender, cylindrical and slightly 
scaly beneath, separated and slightly curved ; terminal joint distinct, cylindri- 
eal and obovate; middle joint curved, slightly scaly beneath. Tongue equal 
in length to the labial palpi. 


S. interstinctana.—Palpi whitish. Head and thorax dark brown. 
Fore wings dark brown, witha curved white, somewhat silvery dorsal streak 
divided in the middle by a dark brown line and a rather faint silvery streak at 
the inner angle. The costa from near the base to the tip is streaked with yellow- 
ish white, slightly silvery-hued. Hind wings dark brown, along the costa in the 
middle, white. 


Hatonora Stephens. 


Fore wings with costa regularly arched, but not broad at the base, with a 
fold at the base in the 3%; tip rather acute, hind margin rounded, slightly indented 
beneath the tip. The disk is rather above the middle of the wing, with a 
moderate secondary cell and the fold distinct ; the discal vein straight. Inthe 
hind wings the costal and subcostal veins are distinct at the base ; the lower branch 
of the subcostal vein is separated from the upper and is borne on a short nearly 
straight stalk; discal vein angulated, giving rise below the middle to a 
disco-central vein on the nearly vertical stalk. Median with the two superior 
nervules arising from a common stalk. 

Head scarcely smooth, with large ocelli. Face moderately broad, rather 
naked beneath the middle. Antenne setaceous, minutely pubescent beneath. 
Palpi exceeding the face by nearly one half their length, moderately remote, 
applied to the face and thence porrected, rather broad with spreading scales 
, at the tip of the middle joint above and almost tufted at the tip beneath ; 
terminal joint slender, drooping somewhat, and nearly as long as the middle 
joint, but partly concealed in its terminal hairs. Tongue as long as the labial 
palpi. 

H. simulana.—Palpi dull ochreous, fuscous at the tip. Head brownish 
ochreous. Fore wings brown with a slight brassy hue, with an ochreous, 
dorsal blotch plain in the ¢{‘ and striated with brownish in the Q. Costa 
streaked with ochreous, and with two slightly violet hued streaks from the 
costa, one running beneath the tip and the other to a faint ocelloid patch, 
behind which on the hinder margin are three black spots. The apical portion 
of the wing is varied with ochreous. Hind wings fuscous, white on the costa. 

Dr. Morris. Baltimore and Easton. 


A. incanana.—Palpi white. Head dark gray. Fore wings dark brown, va- 
ried with whitish along the inner margin toward the base, with an oblique dorsal 
white patch, terminating in the ocelloid patch, with a slender, irregular dark 
brown lire on its middle, and one or two spots on the dorsal edge of the wing. 
The costa is streaked with white, slightly silvery; beyond the middle of the 
wing are one or two purplish-hued lines, one of which round the ocelloid 
patch, where it becomes somewhat diffuse. The ocelloid patch is ochreous, 
with three black streaks, and is placed nearly in the middle of the apical 
portion of the wing, with a white spot adjoining and beneath it. Hinder 
border with three or four terminal black spots above the inner angle. Hind 
wings dark fuscous, grayish towards the base. 


Epurppipnora Duponchel. 


Fore wings rather narrow ; costa regularly arched ; tip obtuse; hind margin 
rounded or slightly sinuous. The wing structure as usual. In the hind wings 
the costal and subcostal are distinct to the base; the branches of the latter 


1860.] 


352 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


are connivent from their origins. The discal vein is curved, and gives rise to 
an arched medio-discal nervule. In the median vein the upper nervule is forked 
remotely from the insertion of the medio-discal. 

Head rather rough. Ocelli large. Face slightly tufted. Eyes rather promi- 
nent, round. Antenne setaceous, pubescent beneath. Palpi slightly exceeding 
the face, ascending, truncate, and thickly haired beneath and at the tip; the 
terminal joint slender, obovate, much shorter than the middle, which from its 
clothing appears to be nearly truncate, broad and flattened. Tongue as long 
as the palpi. 


E. parmatana.—Palpi grayish brown. Head brownish. Fore wings 
brown, varied with darker brown; with a white dorsal patch near the middle 
of inner margin, dotted with a few dark brown dots. The costa from the 
middle to the tip has four white spots, each of which has a dark brown streak 
or spot in the centre; the two nearest the base terminate in faintly violet-hued 
streaks, the external one running to the hind margin beneath the tip, and the 
internal, which is double, and fainter than the exterior one, terminates in a 
slightly silvery-hued ocelloid patch, having a pale ochreous ceatre and two 
black streaks. Hind wings dark fuscous. 


AMORBIA. 


The fore wings are as broad at the base as across the inner angle; the costa 
very abruptly arched at the base, and thence slightly and regularly arched to 
the apex, and with dispersed tufts of scales on its surface; tip obtuse; hind margin 
rounded; inner margin straight. The disk is rather narrow, extends beyond 
the middle of the wing, is without secondary cell, and with subcostal, vein 
arched, the median straight; the apical nervule is furcate near the tip ; the 
medio-posterior nearly opposite the first marginal nervule. In the hind wings 
the costal and subcostal veins are distinct; the subcostal vein is furcate ex- 
ternal to the origin of the discal vein, with branches separating from their origin. 
Just interior to the origin of the discal vein arises a subcosto-marginal nervule ; 
the discal vein is much curved, and the medio-discal nervule arises from the 
median vein, almost at the point of divergence of the two superior branches. 

Head smooth. Without ocelli. Face nearly naked, with a thin horizontal 
tuft between the antenne. Antenne setaceous. Palpi exceed the face by 
about one half their length, ascending at the base, and rather thick and por- 
rected, beaklike; densely clothed with rather appressed scales, convex above, 
and rather concave below; terminal joint with its base concealed by its covering, 
but slender when denuded, and about one half less long than the middle joint. 
Tongue about as long as the palpi. 


A. humerosana.—Palpi grayish fuscous. Head gray. Fore wings gray, 
with minute tufts of blackish scales scattered over the surface. The inner mar- 
gin is pale ferruginous from the base nearly to the inner angle, where the hue 
becomes somewhat diffuse, and is joined by an oblique dark gray central fascia 
from the middle of the costa. Hind wings rather dark fuscous. 


Crasia ? Hiibner. 


Fore wings scarcely as broad toward the base as across the inner angle ; 
costa arched toward the base, slightly arcuated from the basal curvature to 
the tip; with single elevated scales scattered over the surface of the wing; hind and 
inner margins nearly straight, inner angle rounded. The disk is rather nar- 
row, extends beyond the middle of the wing, without secondary cell, and both 
the subcostal and median veins slightly curved; the apical vein is furcate, and 
the medio-posterior arises at a point opposite the middle of the space between 
the first and second subcosto-marginal branches. Jn the hind wings the costal 
and subcostal arise from a common stalk; the branches of the subcostal separate 
from the point of origin, with an oblique, angulated discal vein from the same 


[Aug. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. BH: 


point; the medio-discal nervule arises from a very short stalk placed at the 
point of separation of the two superior branches of the median vein. 

Head smooth. With small ocelli. Face nearly naked, with a rather long thin 
horizontal tuft on the forehead. Antenne setaceous, minutely ciliated in the <j, 
pubescent inthe 2. Palpi exceeding the face by much more than one half 
their length, ascending toward the base, porrected beadlike, densely clothed 
with scales, which are rather spreading above; upper edge convex from the 
middle, beneath nearly straight; terminal joint smooth, distinctly separated 
from the terminal scales of the middle joint, which conceal its articulation, 
less than one half as long as the middle joint. Tongue about one half as long as 
the labial palpi. 


C.? reticulatana.—Palpi reddish. Head yellow. Fore wings bright 
deep yellow, beautifully and minutely reticulated with reddish orange. At the 
base of the inner margin is a small dark red spot, and on the middle of the 
margin is a triangular dark red dorsal spot, from which proceed two diverging 
narrow bands of the same hue, somewhat varied with reddish orange, one to 
the basal third of the costa, the other to the apical third, and crosses another 
narrow band of the same hue, in the middle of the wing, coming from a dark 
red spot near the middle of the costa, and is extended to the inner angle. Hind 
wings straw-color. TYongue wanting. 

Male? Fore wings straw-color, striated with reddish orange rather than 
reticulated. The markings are essentially the same as in the 9; their color is 
purplish red, and enclose reddish orange dots. Hind wings white. Tongue 
one half as long as the palpi. 


C.? sulfureana.—Fore wings shining pure yellow, slightly striated with 
reddish orange; from the middle of the inner margin two irregular reddish 
orange lines diverge, and throw off short lateral branches in their course; one 
runs to the basal third of the costa, the other towards the tip of the wing, 
where it is connected with small spots of the same hue on the costa, and a 
stripe along the inner margin. Hind wings whitish. 


Pecitocuroma ? Stephens. 


The fore wings are rather narrow and long; costa regularly arcuated ; tip 
rather acute; hind margin slightly excavated beneath the tip; inner margin 
nearly straight. The disk extends rather beyond the middle of the wing, with 
a rather large secondary cell; the medio-posterior nervule arises opposite the 
basal end of the secondary cell. In the hind wings the branches of the sub- 
costal are connivent; discal vein curved, and a curved medio-discal arising 
from the median vein, the upper nervule of which ts forked remotely from the 
origin of the medio-discal. 

Head rather smooth. With ocelli. Face smooth, with a slight horizontal 
tuft on the forehead. Antenne setaceous, pubescent beneath. Palpi exceeding 
the face by more than one half their length, ascending from the base to the 
middle, and thence porrected; very broad in the middle, and arched above; 
the middle joint thickly clothed with scales, which form a tuft beneath towards 
the tip; the terminal joint slender, cylindrical, smooth, and almost concealed 
in the hairs of the middle joint. Tongue extends rather more than cne half 
the length of the labial palpi. 


P.? dorsisignatana.—Palpi and head brown. Fore wings chocolate 
brown, grayish brown along the inner margin, beneath the fold, and nearer 
the base than the inner angle is a semi-oval chestnut brown dorsal spot ex- 
tending a little beyond the fuld. In the middle of the wing is a broad, rich 
brown, oblique fascia, beyond which the wing is somewhat varied with gray- 
ish. Costa near the tip slightly striated and grayish. Hind wings with pale 
shining fuscous. 


P.? similiana,—Palpi and head dull reddish brown. Fore wings some- 


1860.] 


354 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


what brighter reddish brown, with an obliquely placed deep chestnut brown 
dorsal demi-band, nearer the base than the inner angle, and extended to the 
disk, convex internally and concave externally, and with a small quadrate 
patch on the inner margin, near the inner angle. Near the hind margin are 
two subterminal ferruginous lines. Hind wings dark fuscous. 

This insect may be the Q of the previous species. 


MoNnospHRAGIS. 


Fore wings with a closely appressed, broad, rounded fold at the base in the <j. 
The costa is regularly arcuated from the base to the tip, which, as well as the 
hind margin, is rounded. The disk with a secondary cell; apical vein simple ; 
the medio-posterior nervule arises at a point nearly between the origins of the 
first and second subcosto-marginal nervules. In the hind wings the branches 
of the subcostal vein are connivent at their bases; discal vein arched; the upper 
branch of the median is forked near its middle, and a curved medio-discal branch 
arises almost immediately from the median, behind the bifurcation of the upper 
branch. Thorax crested. 

Head searcely smooth. With ocelli. Face very slightly tufted in the middle. 
Antenne rather thick, with joints closely set and roughened. Palpi equal to the face, 
arched, cylindrical, covered with appressed scales; middle joint thickened 
beyond the middle, and somewhat truncate ; basal joint with hairy scales, rather 
longer than the apical, which is minute, smooth and placed in the middle of the 
second joint. Tongue equal to the palpi in length. 


M. otiosana.—Dark brown, with a purplish hue. Fore wings with a 
rather large quadrate, very pale yellow dorsal patch, and a brownish white 
ocelloid patch, containing three black points. Costa near the tip, with a few 
whitish strie, containing a brown central point. Tip and margin beneath it 
ferruginous. Hind wings dark fuscous. 


Lozopera ? Stephens. 


Fore wings rather narrow; costa arcuated, rather abruptly near the trp of 
the wing; tip rather acute; hind margin obliquely truncate; inner angle 
rounded, with the cilia produced ; inner margin excavated behind the inner argle, 
at the end of the submedian vein and thence to the base rounded. The disk is 
broad behind, without secondary celi, with the discal vein obliquely inclined 
to the base; apical vein simple; the two superior nervules of the median vein 
arise from a common point, and the medio-posterior nervule zs zot remote, and is 
opposite the second marginal nervule. Hind wings rather elongate, not broader 
than the fore wings; costal and subcostal veins distinct to the base; subcostal 
vein forked in the apical third of the wing, with the discal vein extremely oblique, 
arising from the subcostal in the basal third of the wing; the disco-central arises 
somewhat on the median side, on an oblique stalk; median three-branched, 
the medio-central and disco-central equidistant frem the medio-superior 
nervule. 

Head smooth. Without ocelli. Face smooth (?). Eyes round, moderately 
prominent. Antenne slender, setaceous. Palpi exceed the face by more than 
one half their length, rather slender, curved and porrected; the middle joint 
sub-tufted beneath, with the hairs directed forward, and thinly clothed above ; 
terminal joint placed above the tuft, slender, short, smooth. Tongue not more 
than one half as long as the labial palpi. 


L.? angustana.—Palpi and head white, tinged with yellowish. Fore 
wings pale greenish yellow, with three greenish brown streaks along the costa, 
the longest at the base, one about the middle, and one near the tip; a dark 
greenish brown dorsal patch about the middle of inner margin, and a greenish 
fascia from the inner margin at the base, inclines to the middle of the costa, and 
not extended to it. Hind margin with a few terminal dark brownish spots. 
Hind wings whitish, tinged with fuscous. 


[Aug. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 395 


ARGYROLEPIA ? Stephens. 


Fore wings with the costa regularly arched; tip obtusely produced; hind 
margin oblique and slightly concave beneath the tip ; cilia of the inner angle 
produced. The disk ample, with the discal vein obliquely inclined ; apical vein 
simple; medio-posterior scarcely remote from the penultimate branch. Hind 
Wings with the subcostal vein forked in the apical third, with the discal vein 
oblique but curved at its origin, midway between the base of the wing and the 
fork of the subcostal; the disco-central on an oblique stalk, further from the 
medio-superior than the central is from the latter. 

Head smooth. Ocelli very small, scarcely perceptible. Antennz setaceous, 
pubescent. Palpi exceeding the face at least two thirds their length, porrected, 
rather slender; basal joint curved, and equal to the face; middle joint slightly 
hairy toward the tip; apical joint minute, ovate. Tongue as long as the labial 
palpi. 

A.? lepidana.—Palpi pale ochreous white. Head ochreous. Fore wings 
ochreous, somewhat silvery white at the base, with a broad, reddish, fawn- 
colored central fascia parallel with the hinder margin, varied somewhat with dark 
brown on the inner margin. This is edged externally by a somewhat silvery 
ochreous line, which is furcate above the inner margin, enclosing an ochreous 
spot. Apical portion of the wing reddish fawn-color, with a few black atoms 
in the middle of the wing. Hind wings dark fuscous. 


C@LOSTATHMA. 


Fore wings with the costa at the base arched, and thence slightly to the tip ; 
apex acute, hind margin slightly concave. The disk is placed in the middle of 
the wing, with the subcostal and median veins arched, rounded behind, and 
extending scarcely more than one half the length of fore wings. The subcostal 
vein has two marginal nervules from the disk, and the apical branch gives rise to 
another near its origin, exterior to the cell, and becomes furcate behind ihe tip. Hind 
wings not broader than the fore wings; costal and subcostal veins distinct, 
with the latter furcate rather remote from the discal vein, which is curved, and 
gives rise to a medio-discal nervule, almost in contact with the medio-superior 
at its origin. 

Head smooth. With ocelli. Face with a slight horizontal tuft, and smooth 
beneath it. Antenne plumose in the S', pubescent in Q. Palpi exceed the face 
by one half their length, arching to the middle of the face, thence porrected 
and tapering to the apical joint; middle joint with rather long scales from the 
middle to the wp above, and on the entire undersurface; from its clothing, broad 
in the middle, and almost trapezoidal; apical joint smooth, distinct and short; 
about as long as the basal. Tongue as long as the palpi in the ¢\; nearly obso- 
lete in the 9 (?) 


C. discopunctana.—Yellowish or luteous yellow. Fore wings with two 
more or less distinct brown or reddish brown lines from the costa, inclined 
towards the inner angle; one nearly central and often shaded exteriorly, the 
other near the hind margin. Costa with four blackish brown dots near the 
tip, and a minute black point on the disk. Hind wings pale yellowish. The 
female is usually darker colored than the male. 


SMICROTES. 


Fore wings regularly arcuated from the base to the tip; tip scarcely acute, 
hind margin obliquely rounded; inner margin rounded. The disk is long and 
narrow, and extends to the apical third of the wing; discal vein oblique. The 
wing structure of fore wings as usual; medio-posterior remote from the penul- 
timate branch; cilia of the inner angle somewhat produced. In the hind 
wings the costa is emarginate or excavated a little exterior to the middle, and 
along the hind margin; not broader than the fore wings. The costal and sub- 


1860.) 


9 


356 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


costal veins are distinct to the base, the latter forked near the tip of the wing; 
discal vein arising near the middle of the wing, and curved; medio-discal on 
a very short stalk; the two superior branches of the median from a common 
point. 1 

Head scarcely smooth. Ocelli small. Face narrow, rough. Antenne ap- 
proximated setaceous, pubescent. Palpi exceeding the face scarcely one-fourth 
their length, slightly curved, rather slender, and somewhat hairy ; middle joint 
truncate, somewhat thickened at its end with scales; apical joint slender, 
apparently very minute being almost concealed by the terminal scales of the 
middle joint, but when denuded, at least one-half as long as the middle. 
Tongue slightly longer than the palpi. 


S. peritana.—Brownish ochreous. Fore wings paler on the costa ut the 
base than the inner margin; with a brown central fascia inclined to the inner 
angle from about the middle of the costa, edged internally with pale yellowish ; 
this band is usually rather broad, but sometimes narrow. Near the tip, on the 
costa, is a dark brownish spot, with a line extending from it to the inner angle. 
Costa with a few minute brown points. Hind wings rather dark grayish. 


EXARTEMA. 


Fore wings with the costa regularly arched; tip obtuse and rounded; hind 
margin rounded, very slightly oblique; disk with secondary cell. Hind wings 
rather broader than the fore wings; obtusely angulated on the hind margin, op- 
posite the median nervules; inner margin deeply and sharply excised, with a 
cylindrical appendage along the inner margin from the base, the lower portion of which 
is free; the branches of the subcostal are connivent; medio-discal arising on 
a short stalk at the bifurcation of the two superior branches of the median; 
discal vein curved. 

Head rough. With ocelli. Tufted between the antennz. Face smooth, 
rounded. Antennz setaceous, pubescent beneath. Palpi arched, applied to the 
face with the tips equal to the base of antenne; with rather hairy scales be- 
neath from the base to the tip of middle joint, which is slightly scaly at the 
tip above; terminal joint minute, ovate, distinct and smooth. Tongue about 
equal to the palpi. 


E. nitidana.—Palpi yellowish white, terminal joint fuscous. Fore wings 
dull sordid crimson, with a pure brown basal patch divided into two portions, 
one a streak above the median vein, the other a patch beneath it, slightly 
varied with reddish brown. The central fascia is pure brown, with an irregu- 
lar internal edge, and externally subdivides into three broad streaks or projec- 
tions; that on the inner margin truncate at the inner angle, one in the middle 
of the wing, and one near the costa acute. Slightly connected with the upper 
streak, is a curved one of the same hue, varied with reddish brown, running to 
the middle of the hind margin; all these streaks are bordered with ochreous. 
The costa is streaked with reddish brown. Hind wings dark fuscous. 


E. permundana.—Palpi dull yellow, apical joint fuscous. Fore wings 
with a large dark brown basal patch, varied with testaceous or yellowish. 
The central fascia is dark brown, varied with testaceous, and is separated 
from the basal fascia by a yellowish band, containing dull silvery scales, ora 
tarnished silvery band; exteriorly, the fascia throws off three more or less 
distinct, short, rounded projections, two near the middle of the wing, and the 
other at the inner margin, with a triangular patch exterior to the latter; from 
the costa, near the tip, is an oblique, dark brown band, varied with testaceous 
scales, to the hinder margin, beneath the middle. The interspaces between 
these markings is filled up with yellowish, somewhat silvery-hued, or with 
dull, tarnished silvery hue, and the markings are edged with yellow. Costa 
with yellowish white streaks, with central dark brown streaks. Hind wings 
dark fuscous. 

fAug. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. ood 


The larva binds together the terminal leaves of Spirea. It is pale green, 
touched with yellowish at the junction of the segments; head and shield 
black. The larva may be taken in the middle of June. 


E. versicolorana.—Fore wings yellowish, varied with short, dark brown 
strie, and shades of the same hue, overlaid with testaceous scales. In the 
middle of the wing is a dark brownish shade, indicated on the middle of the 
costa by a nearly square spot. The oblique subterminal band is well indicated, 
does not reach the costa, and the cilia opposite to it on the hind margin are 
dark brown. At the tip is a dark brown spot, and the cilia of the tip likewise 
dark brown. Hind wings fuscous. 


E. inornatana.—Head and thorax ochreous brown or dark reddish brown. 
Fore wings whitish testaceous or brownish testaceous, somewhat striated, but 
without distinct bands. The costa is ferruginous, with rather faint, pale 
colored streaks. The apical portion of the wing is either brownish ferruginous 
or testaceous brownish, with one or two faintly indicated lines. Hind wings 
reddish fuscous or yellowish white, and slightly fuscous along the hind 
margin. 

The larva has the head and cervical plate colored black. The body, which 
is white at first, becomes pale green, with rather pale, reddish brown bands 
produced on the vascular line, and striped on the sides with the same hue; 
head, dark reddish brown. It inhabits, in May, a web woven between applied 
leaves of white oak. The pupa is contained in a flocculent silky cocoon, and 
is without dorsal spines. The pupa case remains in place after the escape of the 
imago, which appears about the middle of June. 


E. fasciatana.—Fore wings with a blackish brown basal patch and a 
broad, nearly square, central fascia of the same hue, separated by a broad 
silvery white band, having a few dark brown dots on the costa, and a single 
line of the same hue from the inner margin to the middle of the wing. The 
oblique band near the tip, runs from the costa to the inner margin, is dark 
brown, overlaid with testaceous scales, and is bordered on each side by a stripe 
of dull silvery scales. Costa with geminated white streaks from the middle to 
the tip. Hind wings dark fuscous. 

Variety 2—Rather paler brown than the above, with similar markings, but 
the white band, near the base of the fore wings, is tinted with pale brownish, 
and is striated with dark brownish. 


Hepya Hubner. 


Fore wings, costa regularly and slightly arched; tip rather acute, but not 
produced; hind margin slightly concave, inner margin rounded; disk with 
secondary cell. Hind wings broader than the fore wings; apex obtusely pro- 
duced; hind margin concave beneath the tip. The branches of the subcostal 
are connivent; the upper branch of the median vein is forked, rather remotely, 
from the insertion of the medio-discal nervule, and the discal vein is nearly 
straight. 

Head rough. Ocelli small. Antenne setaceous, pubescent beneath. Palpi 
equal to the face, slightly ascending; middle joint thickened with scales to- 
wards its end, particularly beneath, truncate; terminal joint slender, drooping, 
minute, and is seen in the lower part of the scales of the middle joint. Tongue 
rather longer than the palpi. 


H. Pyrifoliana.—Fore wings with a dark brownish gray basal patch; 
broadly white in the middle of the wing, with the patch produced towards the 
apex, and sometimes bluish pale gray and indistinct. Exterior to the middle 
of the wing are dull, bluish, transverse streaks; and near the apical portion of 
the hind margin and the inner angle, are short black streaks or spots. The 
apical portion of the wing has, more or less, the hue of the base. Costa with 


1860.] 24 


358 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


obscure streaks from the middle to the tip. Hind wings fuscous. In orna- 
mentation, this insect is much like E. fasciatana. 

The larva is of a dull amber-brown color, with papilliform points, sumewhat 
darker; head and shield blackish brown. It inhabits the pear and plum tree. 
One of the leaves of a terminal shoot is cut off at the base of its leaf-stalk, lined 
with silk, and folded; other leaves are attached to this, and it is used even 
after it has become dead and blackened, as a place of concealment. The 
larva may be taken in April and May, and becomes an imago early in June. 


H. Scudderiana.—Fore wings with a rather small dark brown basal 
patch, with the edge obliquely inclined to the base, and rather wavy, broadly 
white in the middle, and somewhat mottled with brownish; dark brown and 
white in the apical portion. Along the edge of inner margin is a row of dark 
brown dots from the base. The costa geminated with yellowish from the 
middle to the tip. Above the inner angle, is a white ocelloid-like patch, en- 
circled irregularly with bluish. Hind wings fuscous. 

From 8. H. Scudder, Mass. 


Bacrra ? Stephens. 


Fore wings with the costa regularly arched, rather abruptly near the tip, 
which is acute, but not produced; hind margin truncate from the tip, inner 
angle rounded, inner margin nearly straight. Wing structure as usual; disk 
rather narrow, without secondary cell. Hind wings broader than the fore 
wings, hind margin regularly curved from the tip to the basal angle; branches 
of the subcostal connivent; discal vein curved; the medio-discal, and the two 
superior branches of the median, from a common point. 

Head scarcely smooth. With ocelli. Antenne setaceous, pubescent. Palpi 
very little exceeding the face, cylindrical, slightly ascending; middle joint 
thickened with scales beyond the middle; apical joint very minute. Tongue 
wanting. 


B.? argutana.—Fore wings ochreous, tinted with reddish brown, and 
striated with the same hue toward the base, and with dull purplish from the 
middle to the tip. Above the inner angle is an indistinct ocelloid patch, con- 
taining two black spots, with a dull, silvery streak exterior to them, and the 
wing varied with purplish interiorly to it. The costa is streaked with pale 
ochreous with dark centres, the third from the tip giving rise to a very oblique 
purplish streak. Hind margin more or less yellowish behind the ocelloid patch 
and at the tip. Hind wings fuscous or pale ochreous. 

I am well assured of the accuracy of my notes, and yet I find the record of the 
Jarval state of this insect quite anomalous: at least, the imagos produced from 
three larva, which one would declare distinct, are not to be distinguished from 
each other. One rolls the leaves of witch hazel into conical cornets, and 
binds the rolls with strong and numerous bands. It prepares for pupation by 
turning down a portion of the leaf. Its body is concolorous reddish, except a 
few spaces between the anterior rings, where it is pale brown; shield reddish; 
head pale brown. Another feeds on the leaves of sumach, rolling a leaf 
spirally in the first place, securing the rolls with bands, and afterwards joining 
the neighboring leaves to the one first inhabited. Its body is of a dirty green- 
ish color, with obscure whitish papilliform points. Head whitish, or with a 
pale brown head and green body, striped with dark green. The third feeds on 
the leaves of black thorn and elm, drawing them into a fold from the base, and 
binding it to the midrib. It is concolorous lemon-yellow, with a yellowish 
brown head. The differences in color may be reconciled by the supposition, 
that the descriptions represent different periods in larval life; but if my notes 
are correct, it is difficult to account for the difference in habits, as shown in 
the third individual, which agrees in this respect with the larva of the genus 


Anchylopera, . 
[Aug. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 359 


Enpopiza ? Guenée. 


Fore wings with the costa regularly arcuated ; tip obtuse and rounded ; hind 
margin rounded, as well as the inner margin. Neuration normal; disk with a 
secondary cell. Hind wings rather broader than the fore wings; costa slightly 
concave from the middle; hind margin slightly concave; subcostal nervules 
connivyent at the base; discal vein curved, with the medio-discal arising from 
the bifurcation of the two superior branches of the median. 

Head and face rough. With ocelli. Antenne setaceous. Palpi slightly 
exceeding the face, slightly ascending, truncate; middle joint slender and 
cylindrical towards the base, thickened with seales at the tip, so as to be 
decidedly truncate; terminal joint minute, ovate. Tongue about as long as the 
labial palpi. 


K.? Viteana.—Antenne, basal half pale brownish; apical half dark 
brown. Fore wings blackish brown, or purplish dark brown, from the base to 
the middle, and reddish brown or dull ochreous thence to the tip. Near the 
base is a somewhat curved slender band, and from the middle of the costa a 
central, oblique, dark brown, or dark reddish brown fascia, widening toward 
the inner margin, from which it is obliquely cut off by the paler color of the 
wing, leaving a small triangular spot on the margin near the inner angle. In 
the middle of the apical portion is a large roundish reddish brown spot, and 
the costa towards the tip is geminated with pale ochreous. Hind wings 
fuscous. 

The larva feeds on the fruit of the grape in September; a silken gallery is 
attached to the external opening in the fruit. Its head is dark brownish ; 
shield blackish ; body immaculate dark green. It may likewise be taken on the 
fruit of the wild raspberry in July. The individual feeding on the grape under- 
goes transformation by weaving a cocoon on the surface of the ground, and that 
from the raspberry under an excised and turned down portion of a leaf. This, 
however, may not be its normal habit. 

Another individual, whose imago is included in the description of Vite- 
ana, and is not distinguishable from it, except by the reddish brown hue 
of the apical portion of the fore wings, and the general purplish brown hue, 
differs in habits from it. It lives in a silken gallery, woven in a closed or 
applied leaf of sassafras; usually the leaf is folded along the face and united 
with the midrib. It is extremely active and agile in its motions, and weaves 
with great rapidity. It may be taken early in July. The pupa is contained in 
the folded leaf, without any cocoon, the tail being attached to a slight web. 
The imago appears in the latter part of July. 


E? agilana.—Fore wings dark brown, sprinkled with pure brown from 
the middle to the tip; at the base is a dull metallic bluish spot, and about the 
middle of the disk a broad, short stripe from the costa, and streak from the 
costa at the end of the disk, of the same hue. At the inner angle is an indis- 
tinct ocelloid patch with an exterior streak and two internal spots of a dull 
metallic bluish hue. Costa geminated with yellowish from the first costal stripe. 
Hind wings dark fuscous, white along the costa. 


CarpocaPsa Treib. 


Distinctively characterized by the large ocelloid patch at the inner angle of 
the fore wings, which are much wider across the inner angle than toward 
the base ; tip usually acute, hind margin slightly concave, (Pomonella has 
neither of these traits ;) disk rather above the middle of the wing, rather nar- 
row, with a secondary cell; apical vein simple. Hind wings slightly broader 
than the fore wings, nearly ovate; neuration normal, subcostal branches con- 
nivent, the two superior median nervules on a very short common stalk, medio- 
discal ona short, erected stalk. 

Head rather rough. With ocelli. Antenne setaceous, pubescent. Palpi ex- 


1860.] 


360 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


ceeding the face, ascending to its middle, rather slender, clothed thickly with 
rather appresséd scales; apical joint rather stout, small, ovate and smooth. 
Tongue as long as the palpi. 

C. Pomonella Zinn.—Fore wings umber brown, with a slight coppery 
hue, varied or marbled with pale grayish. The ocelloid patch is very large, of 
a fine, deep brown color, with an external and internal streak of bright metal- 
lic-hued coppery scales, the latter having internal patches of black scales. 
Hind wings fuscous, with a coppery hue. 

I can perceive no difference between this and the descriptions of the Huro- 
pean representative of this species. The larva of both is of a pale pinkish 
color, and feeds on the fruit of the apple andthe pear. Thespecies has proba- 
bly been introduced from Europe into the United States. 


ToPLOCAMA. 


Fore wings with a rather large, distinct ocelloid patch; nearly as broad 
at the base as across the inner angle; costa regularly arched from the base; 
tip obtuse; hind margin obliquely rounded; apical vein simple; disk rather 
above the middle of the wing, with secondary cell, median vein straight, sub- 
costal curved towards the end. The hind wings are broader than the fore 
wings, ovate; external margin slightly dilated in the middle; subcostal 
branches connivent; discal vein arched; medio-discal on a short erect stalk 
and the superior branch of the median vein furcate about the middle. 

Head rather smooth; with ocelli. Face broad. Eyes rather small, promi- 
nent, Antenne setaceous, with very minute ciliations. Palpi exceeding the 
face by rather more than one half their length, slightly ascending and porrected, 
very thickly haired beneath, with a distinct tuft to the basal joint; mid- 
dle joint with the hairs towards its tip, longer than the rest, and directed for- 
ward, almost smooth above; apical joint minute, and almost concealed in the 
terminal hairs of the middle joint. Tongue scarcely as long as the palpi. 

I. formosana.—Fore wings dark brownish, with a most beautiful bluish- 
violet reflection, when viewed from the hinder margin to the base, irrorated 
with ferruginous brown. The costa toward the tip, as well as at the base, 
ferruginous-brown, the former streaked with dull silvery. Ocelloid patch, 
rather large, with two black central streaks and an internal dull silvery streak ; 
the external silvery streak is connected with the third costal streak, which is 
extended obliquely to it. The costa from the middle to the tip, is geninated 
with yellowish. Hind wings dark fuscous. 

From Mr. Kennicott, Ill. 

This group of insects is probably the most difficult, in a systematic point of 
view, and the least interesting family in the order of Lepidoptera. The impres- 
sion I have derived from the study of it, induces me to believe that it is owing 
chiefly to the artificial system by which it is at present interpreted, and which 
I have endeavored to follow in this paper. Numerous families, or so-called 
families, have been arbitrarily instituted on the most trivial and untenable 
characters, some of which are only sexual peculiarities, while ornamentation 
appears to be a far more important element than structure, in the diagnoses by 
which they are characterized. Such an arrangement possesses a certain 
amount of convenience, inasmuch as it frequently enables the student or 
inquirer to limit the probable number of genera to which an insect he may 
wish to classify may belong. This, however, is its total significance, and 
even in this respect it is often deficient and deceptive. This is a system of 
convenience and not of nature, which works on categories of structure and re. 
cognizable conceptions or ideas. 

In my own view, from which, doubtless, many naturalists will dissent, orna- 
mentation is purely an individual characteristic of species, and although in 
general sufficiently constant, subject to a degree of variation in the same spe- 
cies that is often very considerable. Why should that which is unstable in 


[Aug. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 361 


species receive the stamp of scientific approval in the recognition of superior 
groups, instead of that which is constant and fixed, which is more or less indi- 
cative of modes of life, which is the expression in the imago of those categories 
of thought that we designate genera and families? I cannot perceive why it 
should be preferred, when I recall the wonderful fertility in structural inven- 
tion which characterizes every natural family, and the logical connections 
that exist between all those groups of species composing its various genera. 
If the specific conception is the same in the preparatory states, and the struc- 
ture of the varions imagos that result is nearly identical, differing in some 
trivial peculiarity, perhaps, to which we are unable to assign any significant 
value, would it not be more scientific and convenient, more natural and phi- 
losophic indeed, to regard such individuals as forming a distinct group in the 
genus, to which they are evidently so intimately related, regardless of peculi- 
arities of ornamentation ? 

What would be thought of that system in anthropography which sep- 
arated men of the same race upon a long or a short nose, a large or small 
ear, thin or thick lips, or wide or narrow shoulders? Iam not prepared to as- 
sert, that a principle like this has been introduced into the system which re- 
presents the present arrangement of this family, but when one recalls its com- 
parative poverty in generic characters in the imago, or otherwise the extremely 
close relationship indicated in the diagnoses of many of its genera, the proba- 
bility of something similar to it having existence is at least suggested to the 
mind. 

It would be well if entomologists would cultivate just and philosophic con- 
ceptions respecting the nature of the various groups at present recognized in 
our systems. No other department of Natural History offers, probably, equal 
facilities for observation and determining with accuracy the limits of generic 
and specific cycles. The mind, however, must be disabused of the fallacious 
notion that the imago is the most important part of species; that it is, indeed 
the species, or that classification can be truly and properly made on this basis 
alone. Perfect insects are easily arranged systematically upon a consideration 
of their entire structure, its general agreements and special differences, but 
there are considerations more important than these involved in the idea of 
species. 

The “imago” is no more the species which it represents as an individual, 
than the principal nown of a grammatical sentence is the idea which may be 
conveyed to our mental perceptions. Each is necessary to the other, each in- 
complete without the other, and when a hiatus exists in either case, we are 
placed simply in a region of conjecture, respecting the significance connected 
with the representative presented to us. We have an object, but no idea. The 
noun and the imago may be well known to us, but until we have followed 
them through all the collateral terms in which they exist as the materials of 
thought, we cannot duly value the conceptions which may be connected with 
them. 

The advocates of the Darwinian Theory of the origin of species would have 
us believe that species is an abstraction; that it represents nothing ideal; that 
in nature nothing but individuals exist, and in these must we look for the cha- 
racteristics of species. The entire superstructure of reasoning on which the 
theory is built, is one that admits what is material in the specific group, pro- 
bably because it is obvious to the senses of every one, but ignores the existence 
of that which is immaterial, intellectual, spiritual in every true specific creation, 
and which is to it as the soul to the material body of man; that which dis- 
tinguishes the vital machine from mechanical inventions or imitations, created 
by the conceptions of the human mind. Nor does this belong to the imago 
alone, but is written in vital characters in the various transitional forms which 
belong to each species, in their organs, and their acts and manifestations of 
life, and intelligence or instinct. Itis this, the definite conception, that casts 


1860.] 25 


Qo 


62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


each individual of a species in the same organic and instinctive mould, that 
cannot change. Individuals of the same species may change in ornamentation, 
but never in structure, unless as the consequence of amalgamation with another 
species, or an occasional abnormal modification, which is individual, not spe- 
cific, and disappears with the individual. The creative fiat involved in the 
life of every species and in its conditions, remains unalterable, because change 
in that which has an organic, vital and spiritual significance cannot take place 
without destruction to the species. 

The supposition that “‘ profitable variations of structure” may be initiated in 
the cell action of the reproductive system, in order that organisms may more 
successfully maintain an overestimated “struggle for existence,” is simply a 
monstrous physiological fallacy and assumption. If we suppose amalgamating 
influences to be inoperative, where do we perceive the evidences of it? The 
vegetable perpetuates itself by a germ, which already has its type distinctly 
impressed on it before the character of its architecture is developed by the 
effect of influences under which it is gradually worked out, cell upon cell, in 
one season or through a long series of years. In the animal, the reproductive 
action is most probably, nay, there are well ascertained facts which directly 
teach us that it is a simple process of continuous growth in species. Thus species 
have not a transient existence, but rather a terrestrial immortality. Individual life 
is ephemeral, specific life co-eternal with the existence of the conception pro- 
ducing the representative forms. Individual lives are like the leaves of a de- 
ciduous tree, and having performed their functions are constantly shed, while 
the source of them continues to spread itself through space and time, until its 
appointed period has ended. 

Under this simple view of species, supported alike by reason and all carefully 
collated physiological facts, how the study of the humblest branch of Zoology 
is ennobled. It acknowledges the existence in nature of a Principle as a 
creative power, similar to our own minds. It deals with living thoughts, and 
seeks to represent, through many misconceptions and difficulties, the logical 
sequences existing amongst them, and to seize the hidden meanings which ap- 
peal to our intelligence, in the ponderous volume on which they are inscribed. 


Nore.—The reader is requested to make the following corrections :— 


In Paper 4, May, 1860, p. 160, for Nomia, read Chrysopora. Nomia is already 
in use to designate a genus of Bees. 
In Paper 5, June, 1860, p. 219, line 21, for graduation read gradation. 


September Ath. 
Vice President BripGEs in the Chair. 


Twenty-seven members present. 

The following papers were presented for publication: “ Description 
of a new species of Astroscopus, Brev., in the Museum of the Academy 
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Charles C. Abbott.” 


“ Description of a new species of Chatoessus, Cuv., from New Jersey, 
by Charles C. Abbott.” 
And were referred to a Committee. 


September 11th. 
Vice President BripGes in the Chair. 
Fifteen members present. 


[Sept. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 363 


The following paper was presented for publication: “ Descriptions of 
Reptiles from Tropical America and Asia, by E. D. Cope.” 
And was referred to a Committee. 


September 18th. 
Mr. Lua, President, in the Chair. 


Thirty-six members present. 

The following papers were presented for publication: “ Descriptions 
of new species of Crinoidea from the Carboniferous rocks of Illinois and 
other Western States, by F. B. Meek and A. H. Worthen.” 

“On Milne-Edwards’ Synonymy of Xiphigorgia setacea, by G. 
H. Horn.” 

“Descriptions of new Cretaceous Corals from New Jersey, by Wm. 
M. Gabb and G. H. Horn.” 

“Observations upon the form of the Occiput in the various races of 
Men, by J. Aitken Meigs.” 

<< Descriptions of New Birds of Western Africa in the Museum of the 
Academy of Natural Sciences, by John Cassin.” 

“Catalogue of Birds from the Island of St. Thomas, West Indies, 
collected and presented to the Academy of Natural Sciences by Mr. 
Robert Swift, with notes, by John Cassin.” 

And were referred to Committees. 


Mr. Lea read an extract from a letter from Bishop Elliott, of Georgia, dated 
University Place, Tennessee, Aug. 28th, 1860, informing him that he had found 
numerous living specimens of Helix Cumberlandiana, which he had trans- 
mitted to him. Mr. Lea stated that they had been received by him, and were 
very interesting, from their having been found near to and at the original 
locality from which the specimen first described had been taken by Dr. Troost. 


Mr. Lesley stated briefly the results of some observations he made in the 
White Mountains of New Hampshire during the summer. His visits to this 
region in 1849, and subsequent years, had laid the foundation for a growing 
conviction that the range of the White Mountains would prove to be synclinal 
instead of anticlinal, and therefore of probably Devonian age. A section which 
he made in 1857, along the Grand Trunk R. R., showed him the synclinal 
structure, with comparatively low dips, and at least two main anticlinal 
divisions. The profile in the Franconia notch is evidently a cliff outcrop of a 
horizontal plate. The newly opened Greely Mountain House in Waterville, in 
a cul-de-sac valley at the head of Mad River, and six or eight miles in an east 
line through the woods from the Flume House, is surrounded by bold outerops 
of nearly horizontal massive plates of granite. Ascending Mad River from 
Campton, the traveller has the White-face range on his right, with apparent 
gentle dips to the north-west. But on his left he has the Welsh mountain 
range and Mount Osceola, with an unmistakeable and universal dip, never 
over 15°, and much of it under 10°, to the south-east, which can be studied 
for at least seven miles, north-east and south-east. Turning to the left and 
ascending Mount Osceola (which Mr. Lesley found by barometer to be over 
2600 above the Greely House, and therefore not much lower than Mount 
Lafayette), the bridle path mounts over successive outcrop edges of perfectly 
horizontal plates of granite, as evidently and regularly bedded as any of the 
sandstone masses of the Alleghanies, the bed planes not being at all disguised 


1860.] 


364 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


by the cleavage planes. Between these plates of granite lie plates of un- 
changed dark blue sandstone; a rock which at the cascades (two miles from 
the house in another direction) has been mistaken for greenstone trap. The 
successive terraces and cliffs of the mountain are evidently the consequences of 
this horizontal and alternate structure. As in other horizontal mountain 
plateaus the terraces here are projected between the ravines in the form of 
noses, with straight crests, and terraced or stepped at their ends. In fact, to 
a practised topographical eye, the aspect of the whole White Mountain range 
is that of synclinal erosion. 

Other considerations reinforce this opinion. The continuation and broaden- 
ing of the range north-eastward through Maine and Lower Canada, where super- 
silurian rocks abound,—the termination of the range south-eastward before 
reaching Massachusetts and Vermont, as the Alleghany synclinal stops at Catts- 
kill before crossing the Hudson,—the presence of horizontal rocks at Worcester 
and more generally than would be supposed through middle New England— 
the fact that the Connecticut Valley runs everywhere under the western es- 
carpmentof the White Mountains, separating it from the silurian range ofthe 
Green Mountains,—and the presence of Potsdam and other low formations in 
eastern Massachusetts,—all these facts would find their explanation in a 
synclinal terminal eroded structure of the White Mountain mass. 

The granite of Mount Osceola and the surrounding heights consists of large 
crystals of feldspar, smaller crystals of quartz and smaller flakes of mica. 
Here and there hornblende appears. The rock bears no resemblance to the 
subsilurian Highland and Blue Ridge range, and Adirondacks. It is friable 
under the weather, shedding its crystals upon the ground under every over- 
hanging ledge. The boulders are rounded by the weather action apparently 
more than by movement; for they have only travelled down the slopes be- 
neath the cliffs from which they have fallen, and where those that remain are 
sharp-angled. The peculiar gravel and sand of the Mad River Valley is a local 
drift of similar origin. The metamorphism of these granites is considered by 
Logan, Hunt, and others, as no longer disputable. They could easily originate 
in the clayey sandstones of Formations VIII., IX. and X., of the Appalachians. 

Considering the whole White Mountain mass a synclinal plateau,then the sum- 
mit of Mount Washington, which is such an acknowledged anomaly, becomes 
regularly the single residual fragment of the highest formation which escaped 
erosion. Its rock is so different in texture and structure from the rest of the 
mountains that no other explanation seems possible ; and if this hypothesis be 
adopted, there is no longer any need of that which supposes the submergence 
of New England up to the base of the head of Mt. Washington and no higher, 
leaving the head in the air to escape the general rounding and polishing 
action. It becomes easy to consider the external difference due rather to the 
difference of the rock formations above and below that horizen. 

It is to be hoped that a systematic explanation will be made of this interest- 
ing region and the structure made out and mapped, so that we may arrive at 
conclusions, instead of venturing conjectures. 


September 25th. 
Vice President BripGeEs in the Chair. 


Thirty six members present. 

The Committee on the paper of Mr. John Cassin, “ Descriptions of 
New Birds from Western Africa in the Museum of the Academy of Na- 
tural Sciences,’ reported in favor of its publication in the journal of 
the Academy. 

On report of the respective Committees, the following papers were 
ordered to be published in the Proceedings : 


[Sept. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 365 


Description of a new species of Astroscopus, Brev., in the Museum of the 
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 


BY CHARLES C. ABBOTT. 


Astroscopus guttatus Abbott. Plate VII. 

Spec. Char.—Body depressed anteriorly. Head fiattened ab»ve. Two sub- 
quadrangular depressions posterior to the orbits. Eyes prominent, situated 
in circular depressions, and five and a half diameters distant. The base of 
the two dorsals equals in length the distance from the anterior insertion of 
the first dorsal to the extremity of the upper jaw. Opercular apparatus large, 
the branchial aperture unusually wide; the opercle marked with distinct 
radiating strie, and margined below witha smooth, thick and semi-transparent 
membrane, which extends beyond the insertion of the pectoral fin. The in- 
sertion of the ventral fins is opposite the margin of the preopercle and greatly 
anterior to the insertion of the pectorals. The insertion of the anal fin is 
slightly posterior to the anterior insertion of the second dorsal, and extends 
nearer the base of the caudal than that fin. 

2 

D, 4—14. V,5. P,16. A,13. C,12- 

2 


Color.—In the alcoholic specimen. Back, upper portion of the cheeks, up- 
per part of cranium, and upper jaw, bright chocolate; lighter on the head 
than body, and the depressions on the upper surface of the head very pale. 
Belly and throat pure white. The chocolate tinted surfaces are minutely 
covered with numerous circular spots or guttz, of the same tint, but several 
shades lighter. The membrane of the first dorsal black; and the second dor- 
sal has three irregular bands of dull black, obliquely across it. The caudal 
with three parallel bands of blackish-brown, the middle of which appears to 
be the continuation of a variable longitudinal band on the centre of each side. 
The anal has a variable band of dull brown, darker upon the posterior termi- 
nation. 

Locality.—Cape May, New Jersey. Beesley’s Point? 


Description of a new species of Chatoessus, Cuv., from New Jersey. 
BY CHARLES C. ABBOTT. 


Chatoessus insociabilis Abbott. 

Spec. Char.—Body compressed, sub-elliptical; dorsal outline greatly arched 
anteriorly to the dorsal fin, slightly and obliquely curved posteriorly. Ven- 
tral outline regularly curved from posterior insertion of the anal fin to the 
throat. Abdomen compressed, carinate and serrated. The head is very 
small; the breadth anterior to the angle of the opercle six-sevenths of the 
length from occiput to the extremity of the snout. Snout globose; upper lip 
fleshy, longer than the lower, which is membraneous. The angle of the jaws 
in a line with the centre of the orbits. Margin of opercle membraneous, 
coarsely serrated ; margin of preopercle, membraneous and circular. 

Dorsal fin quadrangular, the posterior ray prolonged ; pectoral fin rounded, 
reaching beyond the base of the ventral fin; ventral fin equal in width to its 
length and reaching a slight distance beyond the posterior insertion of the 
dorsal fin; caudal fin forked. The number of the fin rays are, 


D,14. P,16. V,8. A, 32. C, 28, sometimes 29. 

Color.—Back and upper third of the sides deep green, with a bluish cast in 
particular lights; lower two-thirds of the sides and the belly pure white. 
The deep green above and white beneath, meet abruptly, and do not blend to- 


1860.] 


366 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


gether, except on the peduncle of the tail. The fins partake of the color of 
the region to which they belong, and exhibit irregularly shaped spots on each. 
These markings on the fins are very variable, and in some specimens are 
wanting. A very deep glossy black circular spot, above the angle of the oper- 
cle, marks the beginning of the lateral line, which is only apparent on a very 
careful examination. Total length, 15 inches; greatest width, 5} inches. 

This species is possessed of a gizzard similar to that of C. ellipticus 
Kirtland ; to which species this bears considerable resemblance, yet is very 
distinct in its general form, color and habits. 

The specimens of this fish, from which the deseription was taken, I pro- 
cured in a secluded and very deep sheet of water, known as the ‘‘ Sturgeon 
Pond,’’ situated two miles below Trenton, N.J. The following items of its 
habits were collected from reliable fishermen and by my own observation. 
This fish is remarkably gregarious, and is never seen associating with any 
other than its own species; it is a lover of deep and still water, seldom rising 
to the surface, and appears very averse to the bright light of the sun. If 
driven into a stream of water with considerable current, they immediately 
show signs of uneasiness, and, if not soon liberated, die. Two localities only 
Iam acquainted with that abound with this species, and both are deep small 
lakes formed by the junction of several small streams, and never in these 
streams has the fish been discovered, except when driven into them by the 
fishermen. As an article of food they are entirely worthless; yet they afford 
much sport to juvenile anglers, by the rapidity with which they may be taken, 
with a trout-fly, or common angling worm. 


Descriptions of new Cretaceous Corals from New Jersey. 
BY WM. M. GABB AND GEO. H. HORN. 


Hippothoa irregularis.—Colony spreading, on shells, forming straight, 
cr but slightly curved lines ; branching nearly at right angles, though gene- 
rally from but one side of the cell. Cells oval, flattened, placed closely 
together, united by a stout pedicle. Opening nearly central, with its greatest 
diameter in the direction of the length of the cell, often with an ovarian 
vesicle at the distal extremity, 
ee shape of the cell of this species relates it nearly to the H. simplex 

’Orb. 

Cellepora bilabiata.—Colony encrusting, generally in elongate patehes. 
Cells in lines arranged in an irregular quincunx, convex. Opening, viewed 
from above, nearly circular. The cell walls above and below the mouth pro- 
ject, forming two labiate processes. 


Cellepora carinata.—Colony encrusting. Cells in quincunx. Walls of 
cells meeting anteriorly, forming a carina, whose apex projects forward, and 
toward the oral opening, apex often perforated. Carina diminishing as it 
approaches the cell below. 


Cellepora t y pic a.—Colony encrusting, in large patches. Cells arranged 
in radiating lines, usually in quincunx, irregular exteriorly, small, rhom- 
boidal, spaces between oral openings wide, perforated by numerous large 
accessory foramina. 

This specimen was found encrusting a Terebratula Harlani, to which was 
also attached an Ostrea panda, both being typical specimens. 


Reticulipora sag ena.—Colony large (about one inch in diameter), formed 
of plates, lateral plates not numerous, given off rectangularly ; summit of 
plates perforated by cells, and thicker than the rest of the plate; lateral open- 
ings triangular, without any marked arrangement. 

Resembles the R. obliqua. 

; [Sept. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 367 


Reptomulticava ce pularis. 
Alveolites cepularis (?) S. G. Morton, Cretaceous. 
Colony irregular, nodulated, with a tendency to an irregular pyramidal 
outline. Cells elongated, hexagonal, large. 
This is probably the species named by Morton, but as no description or 
figure was given, it cannot be certainly stated. 


Multicrescis parvicella.—Colony large, anastomosing in the manner 
of Rhipidigorgia flabellum. Cells small, resembling those of M. lanata 
D’Orb. Cellules wanting. 


Norr.—Figures of the above species will be given in the next aumber of the Journal 
of the Academy. 


On Milne-Edwards’ Synonymy of Xiphigorgia setacea. 
BY GEO. H. HORN. 


My attention was directed to the above, by finding the polypidom, called by 
Dana ‘‘Gorgonia (Pterogorgia) setacea,’’ classed with the ‘‘X.setacea’”’ 
of M.-Edwards, who considers them synonymous. 

The ‘‘X. setacea”’ of Edwards is thus described :— 

“*Polypiéroide en forme de rubans trés-etroits, flexueux et tres-longs, mais 
sams vestige de ramifications. Coenenchyme jaune; verrues caliciféres 
arrondies, de couleur rose, et formant, de chaque c5té, une bordure saillante. 

Hab.—Mers d’ Amerique.”’ 

Pallas’ original description is— 


“‘Gorgonia, simplex, rigida, cortice calcareo albo subverrucosa. 
Locus. —Mare Americanum.”’ 


Dana subsequently amplified the above description, rendering it more ex- 
plicit. 

“‘Gorgonia (Pterogorgia) setacea. Whitish, simple, rigid, rarely with a 
single branch; surface subverruculose ; verrucule minute (one-third of a 
line), and obsolete, numerous and crowded, mostly on two opposite sides, 
with a narrow, naked interval between. 

Laguayra.—Z. Collins.’’ 


The latter description was derived from a specimen in the Academy’s 


Museum, and does not resemble either the description or figure of Milne- 
Edwards. 


The ‘*X.setacea,’’ as described and figured by Milne-Edwards, agrees in 
every important respect with the ‘‘Gorgonia j uncea”’ of Pallas and subse- 
quent authors. 

*«G. simplicissima, attenuata, subflexuoso, cortice crasso, rubro verrucoso.”’ 
Pallas, 1766. 

**G. simplicissima, teres, utrinque, attenuata, osse corneo fusco, carne 
ochracea bisulcata, osculis crebris linearibus notata.’’ Ellis, 1786. 

“‘G. simplicissima, longissima, teres; carne ochracea subminiata ; osculis, 
erebris sparsis subgranulatis.’? Lamarck, 1816. 


From the above descriptions, we conclude, that the species described 
by Milne-Edwards as ‘‘setacea,’’ is none other than the ‘‘j uncea” of 
older authors. 

Pterogorgia simplex described by Valenciennes, in Comptes Rendus, 
xli. (pp. 10, et 13), differs from either the “setacea’’ or ‘‘juncea”’ in 
the form of its ‘‘ verrues caliciféres.”’ 


The true disposition of these polypidoms appears to be as follows :— 


1860.] 


4 


368 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Xiphigorgia juncea Horn. 
Gorgonia juncea Pallas, Elench. Zoop. 1766, p. 180. 
Ellis, Nat. Hist. Zooph. 1786, p. 81. 
Lamarck, Anim. Sans. Vert. 1816, p. 320. 
Lamouroux, Polyp. Flex. 1816, p. 419. 
Dana, Zoop. U. 8S. Exp. 1848, p. 664. 
Xiphigorgia setacea Edwards, Coralliaires, 1857, p. 172. 


Xiphigorgia s etace a Horn. 
Gorgonia setacea Pallas op. cit. p. 182. 
Lamouroux, op. cit. p. 421. 
Lamarck, op. cit. Deux. Edit. ii. p. 502. 
Pterogorgia setacea Dana, op. cit. p. 653. 


Xiphigorgia simplex Horn. 
Pterogorgia simplex Gorg. Comptes Rendus, xli. p. 13. 


Descriptions of Reptiles from Tropical America and Asia. 
BY E. D. COPE. 


SIDEROLAMPRUS Cope. 


Scales smooth, toes 5—5. Palatine teeth none. Lower eyelid covered with 
large scales. Nostril in the centre of an elongate nasal plate. Two pairs of 
supranasals, contiguous. Internasal present, fronto-nasals absent. Frontal 
in contact with the interparietal, thus separating the fronto-parietals. Parietals 
small, widely separated by the broad occipital. Tail cylindrical. 

This genus of scinks is most nearly allied to Eumeces and Otosaurus, but 
may be distinguished by the presence of two pairs of supranasals, and absence 
of fronto-nasal. 


S. ENNEAGRAMMUS Cope. 

Vertical plate elongate, broadest posteriorly, the lateral borders very con- 
cave. Palpebral plates five. Tail longer than the head and body. Color 
above glossy black, shading into ultramarine blue about the middle of the 
tail. A delicate line of the latter color occupies the centre of each of the cen- 
tral nine rows of dorsal scales. These are all discontinued upon the occiput, 
except the external one upon each side, which passes round the side of the 
head and meets its fellow upon the muzzle. The palpebral and supranasal 
plates are suffused with blue, and delicately bordered with black. Beneath 
dirty white, shaded with blue upon the abdomen and tail. Length of head and 
body to vent, 15 lines; of tail (mutilated) 16 lines. 

This beautiful little scink was discovered by Sr. Rafael M. De Oca, in the 
vicinity of Jalapa, Mexico, and obtained for the Academy by Dr. Thomas B. 
Wilson. 


TROPIDONOTUS COMPSOLZMUS Cope. 

Scales in nineteen longitudinal rows, all keeled. Head distinct, short, deep ; 
profile anteriorly descending. Rostral plate twice as broad as high. Pre- 
frontals subtriangular ; loreal longer than high. One rather narrow preocular ; 
postoculars three, the lowest very small. Vertical and superciliaries elongate ; 
jateral borders of the former scarcely converging; the latter narrow. Superior 
labialg eight, fourth and fifth entering the orbit. inferior labials nine. Tail 
slender, slightly compressed at the base, three-tenths of the totallength. Gas- 
trosteges 126; a divided anal; urosteges 67. Total length 16 inches; of tail 
3 in. 6 lin. 


2 [Sept. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, 369 


Coloration. Above blackish brown, darkest anteriorly. Very indistinct, 
pale transverse bands are apparent. They are irregularly oblique, and separa- 
ted by intervals of two or three scales wide. Superior and inferior labials 
more or less completely margined anteriorly with yellow; geneial and gular 
plates spotted irregularly with the same. General color beneath « peculiar 
stone brown. A darker shade occupies the centres of the gastrosteges as far 
as the vent. This is almost excluded anteriorly by a central series of trans- 
versely elliptical yellow spots, one near the anterior border of each gastrostege. 
These become narrower, and broken, and upon the posterior two-thirds of the 
belly are almost lost. There is a very indistinct row of smaller spots upon 
each side of it anteriorly. 

Habitat.? Key West. Mus. Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, 

This species should be compared with T. sipedon, T. celaeno and 
T. validus. It differs from the first in the number of rows of scales, and 
from all three in the form of the muzzle and coloration of the lower surface. 


THAMNOPHIS SCALARIS Cope. 

Head narrow, elevated, the profile sloping in front, muzzle obtuse. General 
form moderately sleuder, the tail a little less than one fourth the total length. 
Superciliary and vertical plates elongate, the laterai borders of the latter 
straight and convergent. Occipitals elongate. Lorea! plate higher than long ; 
one pre-, three postoculars. Superior labials eight, fourth and fifth entering the 
orbit. Inferior labials ten. Anterior geneials longer than posterior. Scales 
in nineteen rows, not emarginate, the external smooth. Gastrosteges 143; an 
entire anal; urosteges 59 pair. 

Coloration. Beneath, and upon the first row of scales, dark, ashy olivaceous, 
the latter frequently black at their bases. Second and half the third row of 
scales a little paler. The vertebral, and the borders of one row on each side 
of it, yellowish. The color of the remainder of the upper surface is brown, 
anteriorly shaded with olivaceous. This is crossed from the lateral to the 
dorsal stripe, on each side, by vertical bars, black, or deep brown bordered 
with black, numbering from the head to the origin of the tail, about sixty. 
There is a pair of large spots just behind the occipital plates, and one involving 
the temporals and the whole of the occipitals, its anterior border trilobate and 
produced upon the vertical and superciliaries. *A short yellowish vitta extending 
from the posterior angle of the former plate along the occipital suture, repre- 
sents a confluent pair of occipital spots. 

Habitat. Jalapa, Mexico, found by Sr. R. M. De Oca. Mus. Academy. Pre- 
sented by Thos. B. Wilson, M. D. 


Anizona Jani Cope. 

Head not very distinct, tapering. Rostral plate rounded, presenting an 
obtuse angle between the prefrontals, Post-frontals bent upon the sides of 
the head. Vertical longer than broad, the lateral borders much converging, 
posterior angle obtuse. Occipitals longer than vertical, subdivided as in 
Pityophis sp. Nostril between the nasals ; loreal plate longer than high. One 
preocular not reaching the vertical, three postoculars. Superior labials eight, 
fourth and fifth entering the orbit, inferior labials twelve, sixth largest. Post- 
geneials shorter than pre-genials. Scales of the body in twenty-seven or niue 
rows, the central thirteen keeled. Tail short. 

Coloration. Above, a pale yellowish brown, browner on the crown and 
muzzle. A series of quadrate dorsal spots extends throughout the whole length, 
involving from thirteen to seventeen medial rows. Anteriorly they are sepa- 
rated by spaces eight scales wide, but these intervals diminish posteriorly. 
There is a lateral series of spots which alternate with those of the dorsal row, 
and are sometimes confluent with others, which form a series along the tips of 
the gastrosteges posteriorly. Anteriorly the dorsal intervals are divided by a 
transverse series of three small spots, which are probably sometimes confluent. 
These markings are all black anteriorly ; posteriorly, they are shaded with 


1860.] 


370 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


brown. Belly dirty yellowish. The length and number of gastrosteges of our 
specimen cannot be given, owing to its mutilated condition. Urosteges 58, the 
tail terminating in a rather long corneous appendage. 

Habitat. Buena Vista, Mexico. Lieut. Couch. Mus. Smithsonian. 

This genus is intermediate in structure between Rhinechis “‘ Coluber” Gthr. 
and Pityophis. It has not the four postfrontals of the last, nor the divided anal 
shield of the firsttwo. In form, the rostral plate is intermediate between 
those of “Coluber” and Pityophis. The present species is nearly allied 
to the A. pleurosticta Cope, (Hlaphis pleurostictus Dum. & Bibr.) of 
Uraguay. Named in honor of Prof. Jan, of Milan, a distinguished herpetolo- 
gist. 

DroMIcuS TEMPORALIS Cope. 

- Scales in seventeen longitudinal rows. Head distinct, eyes small, anterior; 
muzzle short. Mouth very inferior. Rostral plate prominent, but barely visi- 
ble from above: prefrontals small: vertical broad, presenting an obtuse 
angle anteriorly, one less than a right angle posteriorly, the superciliary bor- 
ders nearly parallel. Occipitals well developed, each bounded by three large, 
and two small temporals. Postnasal vertical, crescentic ; loreal confluent with 
the preocular, (probably not a constant character); postoculars two on one 
side, one on the other. Superior labials seven, third and fourth entering the 
orbit. Inferior labials eight, fifth largest, seventh twice the size of the sixth. 
geneial pairs equal, Gastrosteges 167, a divided anal; (tail mutilated). Length 
of head and body seventeen inches. 

Coloration. Above, chocolate brown. A narrow yellow band with a broad 
blackish superior border extends from the throat to the vent, along the suture 
of the first and second rows of scales. The greater part of the first row, and 
the ends of the gastrosteges are involved in a blackish plumbeous band which 
extends from the throat to the vent: the central third of each scale of the fifth 
row on each side is brownish-yellow, the upper and lower thirds blackish ; 
thus is formed a narrow black-edged band, which extends from the 
throat to the end of the tail A yellow band extends from the superior 
border of the first upper labial, crosses the lower halves of the posterior 
labials, and widening, extends upwards upon the temples and neck, forming 
apparently the rudiments of a collar. Throat and belly saffron yellow. 

Habitat. Probably Cuba. 

Mus. Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. 


AMASTRIDIUM Cope. 


Body cylindrical, elongate; tail moderate, slender. Head distinct, broad, 
short, tapering rather abruptly. Superior maxillary teeth in a coctinuous 
series, the last abruptly the longest, not grooved. Pupil round. Top of 
head flat, separated on the muzzle from the sides, by an angle. Superciliaries 
prominent. One anterior, two postoculars. Loreal none. Nasals large, one or 
two, the nostril situated in the centre of the anterior. Scales on the posterior 
parts of the body, slightly keeled. Anal and subcaudal scutella divided. 

This genus differs from Coronella Zawr. in the short, depressed, angular 
head, and the absence of the loreal plate. The form of the head somewhat re- 
sembles Xenodon, but the form of the body, the plating and dentition, are dif- 
ferent. 


A. VELIFERUM Cope. 

Scales in seventeen longitudinal rows, smooth on the anterior half of the 
body : posteriorly a few dorsal rows with faint keels, becoming stronger toward 
the tail, and extending on all the scales near the anal region. Here they are 
tuberculous, as in Aspidura trachyprocta nobis, Tail nearly one-third 
the total length. Occipital plates large, almost reaching the Jabials in front, 
posteriorly accuminate ; vertical long, acute behind ; superciliaries large, promi- 


[Sept. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 371 


uent, broad behind. Postfrontals small, their anterior outline regularly 
curved; prefrontals small, quadrangular. Rostral nearly rectangular, not ap- 
pearing on the surface of the head. Postnasal high, its apex visible from above, 
opposite the suture between the pre- and postfrontals. Superior labials seven, 
eye resting on third and fourth. Inferior labials nine. Geneials two pair, the 
anterior shorter. 

Total length 14 in. 1] lin. tail4 in. 101. Gastrosteges 127, urosteges 85. 

Coloration. Above and below, reddish-brown, paler in the centres of the 
gastrosteges. Every fourth scale of the fifth row on each side, pale, the adja- 
cent scales on the fourth and sixth rows, generally darker. Top of the head 
much lighter, varied anteriorly; palest behind the eye and above the labials. 
The latter are dark with a few light spots. 

Habitat. Cocuyas de Veraguas, N. Grenada. Mr. R. W. Mitchell. 

Mus. Academy Natural Sciences. 

The colors of this species are quite similar to those of Tantillareticulata 
nob. from the same locality. Its physiognomie is very unprepossessing. 


SCOLECOPHIS FUMICEPS Cope. 

Head not distinct from the body. Scales in fifteen rows. Frontal plates 
broad and short; vertical broad, presenting an obtuse angle anteriorly, an acute 
one posteriorly, its occipital suture longer than its superciliary. Occipitals 
large, as long as postfrontals and vertical together. Prenasal large; postnasal 
prolonged to the single preocular, excluding the loreal. Postoculars two. 
Superior labials seven, third and fourth entering the orbit, seventh largest. 
Temporals, two large and two small. Inferior labials six, fourth the largest. 
Breadth of anterior geneials equal to half their length, which is greater than 
that of the posterior pair. Gastrosteges 132; a divided anal; urosteges 42. 

Total length 5 inches ; tail 1 in. 10 lin. 

Coloration. Above, uniform pale brown, shading into dirty white beneath. 
The top of the head, including the oculars and temporals, and for four scales 
back of the occipitals, blackish-brown. Rostral, prefrontals and upper labials, 
pale brownish. 

Habitat. Probably Cuba. 

Mus. Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. 


Fam. ADENOMID As, 


Opisthoglossa platydactyla without maxillary teeth, with perfectly developed 
ear, parotid glands, dilated apcphyses of sacral vertebra, and palmate feet. 


ApeENomus Cope. 


Hyleform. Head broad, short. Parotids above the shoulder, long and nar- 
row; skin rough. Vomerine teeth none. Tongue elongate, oval, almost 
cylindrical anteriorly, posteriorly entire, and free for about two-fifths its length. 
Tympanum indistinct. Fingers very slightly webbed, the palettes of moderate 
size. A subgular vocal sac. 


A, BADIOFLAVUS Cope. 

Muzzle short, elevated; canthus rostralis concave. Nostril oval, lateral. 
Eyes very large, transverse diameter of the eyelids greater than that of the 
ossa frontalia. Tympanum inconspicuous, surmounted by small tubercles. 
Skin of the whole upper surface ‘uberculous, and especially that of the scapu- 
lar protuberance, and a short lateral fold. No gular or pectoral fold; tarsus 
half the length of the tibia, which is but little longer than the fourth phalanx. 
Two tubercles on the metatarsus, one on the metacarpus. First finger half the 
length of the fourth. 

Coloration. Above, ground color, fulvous. The sides as far as the eye, a 
spot above the anterior canthus of the latter, one upon each eyelid, a band be- 
ginning upon the occiput and bifurcating between the parotids, and a large 
chevron-shaped band upon the sacral and iliac regions, ferruginous or bay. A 


1260.] 


372 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


broad band of the same bordered with yellow, crosses the closed femora, 
tibia and tarsi. A similar one crosses the fore-arm. Upper lip varied with 
yellow ; a band of the same, extending from the angle of the mouth to the 
shoulder. Under surface of the belly and extremities, saffron yellow, with 
some irregular medial spots of an orange bay color. 

Length from muzzle to end of coccyx 1 inch, 24 lines. Femur from coccyx 
64 lines, tibia nearly 7 lines. 

Habitat. Ceylon. Mus. Acad. Nat. Sciences. From Mr, H. Cuming, in ex. 
PHYLLOBATES TRUNCATUS Cope. 

Skin above and below smooth, except some faint granulations upon the 
posterior part of the abdomen. Tongue small, linear, entire. Thumb nearly 
as long as the middle digit. Front and canthus rostralis convex. Muzzle con- 
cave truncate, elevated ; nostrils lateral. Tympanum very near the eye, less 
than half its size. 

Coloration. Upper and lower surfaces of head, body and extremities a dark 
ferruginous maroon. A pale, curved line upon each side; beneath this another 
one, which unites with its fellow upon the anterior partof the abdomen. From 
this point of junction a medial band takes its rise, and bifurcates posteriorly. 
A pair of parallel lines upon the throat, which unite anteriorly, following the 
curve of the mandible. Extremities sparsely and irregularly spotted with the 
same faint shade. 

Habitat.? New Grenada. Mus. Academy. From the Philadelphia Museum, 
in exchange. 

The species of this genus hitherto described, are P. bicolor Bibron, from 
Cuba, P. melanorrhinus Berthold, from New Granada, and P.auratus 
Girard, from Chili. 

SpeLerres BeEwiu Gray. 

“ Oedipus platydactylus Tschudi.” Baird, Journal Acad. Nat. Sci., Philada. 
2d ser. vol. i. pp. 282-286, January, 1850. (Not of Tschudi.) i 

Spelerpes Bellii Gray, Catalogue Amphibia in Brit, Mus., p. 46, June, 1850. 

Bolitoglossa Mexicana Duméril, (pars), Erp. Gen., vol. ix., p. 93, 1854. (Ex- 
clus. all the synonymy). Pl. 105, fig. 2. 

“‘Salamandra togata Valencienes, Mus. Paris.’ Duméril. 

Specimens of this fine Salamander are now in possession of the Academy and 
of the Smithsonian Institute, which were brought from Jalapa, Mexico, by the 
well known collector, Sr. De Oca. Though it is a species apparently well 
known in European collections, considerable confusion exists with regard to 
the synonymy. This it is the object of the present article to set right as far as 
the means at the author’s disposal may enable him to accomplish it. 

The first published notice of this species is probably that of Professor S. F. 
Baird, in his valuable “ Revision of the North American Tailed Batrachia,” as 
above cited. He supposed it to be the Oedipus platydactylus of Tschudi, 
as it appears to me incorrectly, though the meagre diagnosis of that author 
renders any identification sufficiently hazardous. The name at the head of this 
article is that of Dr. J. E. Gray, whose description in the ‘‘ Catalogue of Ba- 
trachia Gradientia in the British Museum,’’ no doubt, applies to this species. 
It is the first name published with an appropriate specific diagnosis, and there- 
fore is adopted here. Dr. Gray was, however, not aware that to the present 
species belongs the synonymy and notice of the structure of the toes, quoted 
from Baird, under the genus Oedipus of the “Catalogue.” That thisis the 
case, I have upon the excellent authority of Prof. Baird himself, who states 
that the appearance of “‘sucker-like discs upon the extremities of the toes, 
similar to those of Hyla,’’ resulted from the contraction of the integuments 
about the proximal phalanges, in an old specimen, thus giving prominence to 
the small tubercle upon the inferior surface of the extremity of each toe. The 
Oedipus of Gray appears to be the Oedipus of Tschudi, but I have seen neither 
specimens nor descriptions which correspond with that of his O. variegatus. 


[Sept. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 873 


The best description of the Spelerpes Bellii is the first part of that above 
cited, from the Erpetologie Génerale, and which should be regarded as indica- 
ting the Bolitoglossa Mexicana of the author of that work, although the same 
species is figured as a variety of another, described in the text in a supplement 
to the description of the first. The animal described in the supplement, is 
there regarded, it would appear, correctly, as the Oedipus platy dactylus of 
Tschudi, and is not only specifically, but probably generically distinct from 
Spelerpes Bellii. 

In size this species is only exceeded by some of the Amblystomata of the Mis- 
Sissippi Valley: one of our specimens is at least eightinches long. The tail, 
whose length is about equal to that of the head and body, is compressed toward 
the tip, but cylindrical and greatly swollen at the base, as in Hemidactylium 
scutatum, though in a greater degree. It is encircled by grooves similar to 
those of the flanks. The toes are short, broad, depressed, very distinct, and 
with scarcely a trace of connecting membrane at the base, certainly much less 
in our specimens than is represented in the fig. in Erp. Génerale. The extrem- 
ity of each is provided beneath with a knob or callosity. The palatine teeth 
extend from the very exterior point of the posterior border of the palatine 
bones, and from two nearly transverse arched series, which meet near the cen- 
tre of the suture with the sphenoid bone. This resembles the arrangement 
in the Geotriton fuscus and the Heredia of Girard, rather than the ordinary 
Spelerpes, where the series are shorter, more oblique, and not in contact. The 
patches of sphenoid teeth are more distinct and elongated than in the species 
of Plethodon, but less so than in Pseudotriton ruber. A considerable space 
separates these from the posterior angle of the palatine series. 

The fresh specimens of this species that Ihave seen are of a lead color, other 
specimens are much darker, but whether this is a result of long preservation 
in spirits Iam not able to state. Upon the back is a double row of obliquely 
pyriform spots of an orange red in life, but which became yellowish white in 
Spirits. These become confluent upon the neck, and, according to authors, are 
sometimes preceded by a fair of large spots of the same color upon the occi- 
put. Belly immaculate. 


GEOTRITON CARBONARIUS Cope. 

2? “Salamandra platydactyla Cuvier, Mus. Paris.” 

? Oedipus platydactylus Tschudi, Classif. der Batrachier, p. 93, 1838. 

Bolitoglossa Mexicana Dumeril, Erp. Gén., vol ix. p. 93, 1854. (Specimens 
from Vera Paz.) Pl. 105, fig. 1. 

There can be little doubt that a salamander exhibiting a structure of the 
feet similar to that of the present species, furnished the characters of Tschudi’s 
genus Oedipus, and also that of Dr. Gray. What species this reptile pertained 
to, cannot readily be ascertained, as no description of it appears to have been 
published, unless it be identical with the O. variegatus of the latter author. 
in this case it is not probably the same as that figured in the Erpetologie Gén- 
erale, and of which two specimens are before me. 

It is evident that the Oedipus of Tschudi cannot be retained, as founded upon 
an undescribed species,—even were it sufficiently distinct. That it is not dis- 
tinct from the Geotriton of Bunaparte, is very probable, although it is contrary 
to analogy to find a genus of reptiles in so southern a latitude as that of Jala- 
pa identical upon another hemisphere. With the Geotriton fuscus Bp. 
before me, I find the following characters common to it and the species which 
is the subject of this article. Supra and postorbital bony arches absent. 
Palatine teeth in two transverse regularly arched series almost in contact 
medially. Sphenoid teeth numerous, in two oval patches upon the sphenoid 
bone, separated by an interval from the palatines. Tongue boletoid. Paro- 
tids none. Tail cylindrical. Digits 4—5, slender, united by a broad membrane, 

The broad palmation of the fingers and toes distinguishes the genus from 


1860.] 


374 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Spelerpes. Inthe latter genus and its allies, the toes are distinct at all seasons 
of the year, differing in this respect from the Tritons. 

Upon comparing the dorsal vertebre of the Geotriton fuscus and car- 
bonarius, little material difference is apparent. Those of the former are not 
so stout, and have the external ridge of the anterior zygapophysis more com- 
pressed and elevated. In both, there is a single longitudinal spinous process, 
but little elevated, obsolete upon the posterior part of the vertebra. 

The largest specimen of Geotriton carbonarius measured three inches 
from the end of the muzzle to the vent: from the latter point to the end of the 
tail is three in. three lines. The ground color above and below is black: the 
back is marked with a broad, irregularly defined brownish yellow band, which 
extends upon the base of the tail, and bifurcates upon the neck and occiput, 
leaving a deltoid space of the ground color. This dorsal band is more uniform 
in a younger specimen. The soles of the feet are pale. There are ten teeth in 
each of the palatine series, and about three hundred and thirty in the conflu- 
ent sphenoidal patches. These patches are distinct anteriorly and posteriorly. 
In Spelerpes Bellii, they are entirely distinct, and more clavate in outline. 


Catalogue of Birds from the Island of St. Thomas, West Indies, collected and 
presented to the Academy of Natural Sciences by Mr. Robert Swift. With 


Notes, 
BY JOHN CASSIN. 


1. TinnUNCULUS SPARVERIUS, (Linneus). 
Falco sparverius, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 128, (1766). 
Falco dominicensis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 285, (1788). 
Wilson’s Am. Orn. ii. pl. 16, iv. pl. 32. Aud. B. of Am. pl. 42, oct. ed. 
i. pl. 22. 

In a ae fine series of specimens in Mr. Swift’s collection, I find some 
characters which are slight, but may be constant, and possibly indicate 
specific distinctness from the common bird of the United States. The wing 
coverts have much more numerous spots of black, and the outer tail feather 
has its inner web always partly, and frequently entirely rufous, the same 
eolor as the other tail feathers, and its outer web white, with segments or 
semi-circular spots of black, having for their bases the shaft of the feather, 
and all the feathers of the tail are more or less edged and banded with black 
on their upper surface. These characters are not usually seen in /. spar- 
verius of the United States, but are present in every specimen in the present 
series, and seem especially to characterize the adult plumage. The colors 
also are rather brighter than in our northern species. 

Seven specimens are in this collection, of which four are in adult plumage. 
In all of them, of whatever age, there is a large rufous space cn the crown, 
and the size is very nearly the same as that of specimens from Pennsylvania, 
or perhaps slightly smaller. The plumage of the present specimens does not 
correspond with that of either of the proposed distinct species of authors. 


2. GyMNOGLAUX NUDIPES, (Daudin). 
Strix nudipes, Daud. Traite d’Orn. ii. p. 199, (1800). 
Sclater’s Ibis, 1859, pl. 1. Vieill. Ois. Am, Sept. pl. 16. 

Two specimens in Mr. Swift’s collection are much as represented in Mr. 
Newton’s excellent plate, and as described in his very valuable paper on the 
Birds of St. Croix, in Sclater’s Ibis, as cited above. A wide superciliary 
band of white is, however, more conspicuous in both of the present specimens, 
than as represented in the plate, and there are a few other not important dif- 
ferences. The tarsus is bare for about its lower two-thirds, in this singular 
species, and covered with very small circular or hexagonal scales, Bill and 
claws light greenish-yellow, which is probably also the color of the feet in 


the adult bird. 
[ Sept. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 375 


This curious and little known owl, is an exceedingly interesting contri- 
bution by Mr. Swift to the collection of this Academy, to which specimens 
from him were for the first time presented some years since. Previously, it 
was unknown to the naturalists of this country, though they were constantly 
reminded of it by Vieillot’s plate in Ois. d’Am. Sept., cited above. The 
specimens described originally by Daudin, were from the Island of Porto 
Rico. 


3. TYRANNUS DOMINICENSIS, Brisson. 
Tyrannus dominicensis, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 394, (1760). 
Tyrannus griseus, Vieill. Ois. d’Am. Sept. i. p. 76, (1807). 
Vieill. Ois. d’Am. Sept. pl.46. Aud. B. of Am. pl. 170, oct. ed. i. pl. 55. 
Numerous specimens very similar to specimens from Florida, but rather 
lighter colored. Iam not sufficiently acquainted with the difficult group of 
American flycatchers to have entire confidence in my provisional conclusions, 
but, at present, I am inclined to think the bird now before me, in Mr Swift’s 
collection, is probably entitled to be regarded as distinct, specifically, from 
the bird of the Southern United States usually bearing the same name. 


4, TYRANNULA MARTINICA, (Linnzus). 
Muscicapa martinica, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 325, (1766). 
Muscicapa albicapilla, Vieill. Ois. d’Am. Sept. p. 66, (1807). 
Muscicapa martinicana cristata, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 362. 
Vieill. Ois. d’Am. Sept. pl. 37. Brisson Orn, ii. pl. xxxvi. fig. 2. 

This species scarcely appears to have been identified by late naturalists, but 
like many others founded on Brisson’s descriptions and figures, it is un- 
doubtedly an absolute and veritable existence. That great ornithologist and 
most excellent describer, mainly, and in fact almost entirely, relies on speci- 
mens actually before him, for descriptions, and is exceedingly careful to refer 
to the collections in which they are to be found. His figures frequently are 
not recognizable, but no descriptions extant are more complete and satis- 
factory. 

One specimen only, in Mr. Swift’s collection, is not in fully mature plumage, 
but appears to be the bird described by Brisson, as above, to which Linneus 
gave a name, and an abstract of Brisson’s description. It more nearly cor- 
responds with Vieillot’s description than with his figure above cited, but 
appears to be the species of that author. It is a white-crested species, strictly 
of the same group, and much resembling Tyrannula albiceps, (D’Orbigny et 
Lafresnaye), and about the same size. 

This is one of the most interesting birds in Mr. Swift’s collection, and we 
hope to receive other specimens, which he has kindly promised to endeavor 
to procure. Like all birds in the present collection, it was obtained by Mr. 


Swift, in the Island of St. Thomas, Brisson’s specimens were from the Island 
of Martinique. 


5. VIREOSYLVIA ALTILOQUA, ( Vieillot). 
Muscicapa altilogua, Vieill. Ois. d’Am. Sept. i. p. 67, (1807). 
Vireo longirostris, Swains. Faun. Bor. Am. ii. p. 237, (1831). 
Phyllomanes mysticalis, Cabanis ? 
Turdus hispaniolensis, Gmelin ? 
Cassin, B. of Cal. and Texas, pl. 37. Vieill. Ois. d’Am. Sept. pl. 38. 
Edwards’ Birds, v. pl. 253. 

Mr. Swift’s specimens appear to be rather large, but they are apparently 
identical with the bird of Jamaica and Cuba, and a visitor to Florida. It is 
easily recognized and distinguished from all other species by the narrow line 
of black running downward, on each side of the neck, from the base of the 
lower mandible. I much regret that there is not at present in the Acad, Mus. a 
series of specimens of this species, sufficient for comparison with those in the 
present collection, which, according to my recollection, are larger than usnal, 


1860.] 


376 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


and especially stronger in the bill. All the specimens of this species, except 
one, and specimens of various other species of this group, were stolen by a 
visitor to the Acad. Mus. some years since, and never recovered. 

Several specimens, in excellent plumage and condition, are in Mr. Swift’s 
collection. 

6. DENDROICA PETECHIA, (Linneus). 
Motacilla petechia, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 334, (1766). 
Motacilla ruficapilla, Gm. Syst. Nat. ii. p. 971, (1788). 
Chloris eritachoides, Feuille, Jour. Obs. Phys. iii. p. 413, (1725). 
Ficedula pensylvanica erythrocephalos, Briss. Orn. iii, p. 488. 
Ficedula martinicana, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 490, (1760). 
Edwards’ Birds, v. pl. 256, fig. 2. Vieill. Ois. d’Am. Sept. ii, pl. 91° 
Bris. Orn. iii. pl. xxii. fig. 4. 

This is undoubtedly the true Motacilla petechia, Linneus, founded on the 
description of Ficedula martinicana, by Brisson, as above cited. Though we 
have frequently seen this species in collections, Mr. Swift’s specimens are 
the flrst that have come under our notice, the locality of which is authentic. 

Numerous specimens in Mr. Swift’s collection are in various plumages, 
though the greater number are nearly or quite mature, and show the reddish 
chesnut-colored crown quite well defined and conspicuous. This bird is 
Jarger than D. estiva of the United States, with which it has sometimes been 
confounded, and is not difficult to recognize from Brisson’s excellent descrip- 
tion above cited. It is the same bird also as Brisson’s Ficedula pensylvanica 
erythrocephalos, founded on Edwards’ figure, above referred to, who (Edwards) 
expressly states that he did not know the locality of the specimen figured, 
but guessed, wrongly, that another, received from Pennsylvania, was the 
female of the same species. Hence concluding erroneously that his bird was 
a North American species. This erroneous guess and conjectural conclusion 
misled Brisson, Buffon, and a host of other authors, to the present era, but is 
easily detected by referring to the text of Edwards, vol. v. p. 99. 


7. PARULA AMERICANA, (Linnzus). 
Parus americanus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 341, (1766). 
Motacilla eques, Bod. Tab. Pl. Enl. p. 46, (1783). 
Motacilla americana et ludoviciana, Gm. Syst. Nat.i. p. 960, 983, (1788). 
Sylvia torquata, Viell. Ois. d’Am. Sept. ii. p. 38, (1808). 
Sylvia pusilla, Wilson, Am. Orn. iv. p. 17, (1811). 
Buff. Pl. Enl. 731, fig. 1. Viell. Ois. d’Am. Sept. ii. pl. 99. Wilson, 
Am. Orn. iv. pl. 28. Aud. B. of Am. i. pl. 15 oct. ed. ii. pl. 91. 
One specimen only, in Mr. Swift’s collection, is specifically identical with 
numerous others now before me, from the neighborhood of Philadelphia. 
In nearly mature plumage and excellent preservation, and probably a winter 
traveller from its place of nativity in the North. 


8. MERULA FuscaATA, (Vieillot). 
Turdus fuscatus, Vieill. Ois. d’Am. Sept. ii. p. 2, (1807). 
Vieill. Ois. d’Am. Sept. ii. pl. 57, bis. 
Numerous specimens, and apparently a common species in several of the 
islands of the West Indies. 


9. PHONIPARA BICOLOR, (Linnzus). 
Fringilla bicolor, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 324, (1766). 
Tiaris omissa, Jardine, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. xx. p. 332, (1847)? 
Catesby’s Carolina, i. pl. 37. Gosse, B. of Jamaica, pl. 64. 

Two specimens only, in Mr. Swift’s collection, are not in fully mature plumage, 
and we look for others from him with interest. They do not correspond in all 
respects with specimens in the Acad. Mus., which we have hitherto regarded 
as certainly the species to which this name is applicable, but we cannot, 
at present, venture to indicate a different species. It is possible that these 


[Sept. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 377 


specimens are Jardine’s Tiaris omissa described as above cited, from the 
Island of Tobago. 


10. CERTHIOLA FLAVEOLA, (Linneus). 
Certhia flaveola, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 187, (1766). 
Nectarinia antillensis, Lesson, Traite d’Orn. i. p. 304, (1831). 
Certhia bartholemica, Sparrm. Mus. Carls. No. 57, (1788)? 
Catesby, Carolina, pl. 59. Swains. Zool. Ill. pl. 52. Gosse, B. of Jam. 
pl. 16. 

Numerous specimens, in good plumage and excellent condition. They 
appear to be the same as described and figured by Mr. Gosse, as above, from 
the Island of Jamaica, and are probably of the species best entitled to the 
name given by Linnzus. 


11. LAMPORNIS AURULENTUS, (Aud. et Vieillot). 
Trochilus aurulentus, Aud. et Vieill. Ois. Dor. i. p. 29, (1802). 
Trochilus dominicus, Linnzus ? 
Trochilus margaritaceus, Gmelin ? 
Gould, Monog. Troch. pt. xv. pl. Aud. et. Vieill. Ois. Dor. pl. 12, 13. 
Numerous specimens of both sexes, and in mature plumage. 


12. EvLAMPIS HOLOSERICEUS, (Linnzus). 
Trochilus holosericeus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 191, (1766). 
Gould, Monog. Troch. pt. xiv. Aud. et Vieill. Ois. Dor. pl. 6, 65. 

Appears to be this species, and evidently abundant in the Island of St. 
Thomas. The numerous specimens in Mr. Swift’s collection are in very fine 
plumage. 

13. Conurus XANTHOL2mts, Sclater. 
Conurus xantholemus, Sclat. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1859, p. 225. 
a agtee chrysogenys, Massena et Souance, Rev. et. Mag. Zool. 1854, 
p- (4 ? 

Numerous specimens of both sexes, in mature plumage, and others, which 
are young birds. This appears to be the bird described by Mr. Sclater, and 
we much suspect is also the bird described by Messrs. Massena and Souance, 
as above cited, its affinities being, perhaps, more accurately stated by the 
latter authors. 


14. MELANERPES PORTORICENSIS, (Daudin). 
Picus portoricensis, Daud. Am. du Mus. Paris, ii. p. 285, (1803). 
Picus rubidicollis, Viell. Ois. d’Am. Sept. ii. p. 63, (1807). 
Vieill. Ois. d’Am. Sept. ii. pl. 117. Shaw, Nat. Misc. xxii. pl. 953. 
Several specimens in excellent plumage and preservation. 


15. Coccyzus senicuLus, (Latham). ' 
Cuculus seniculus, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 219, (1790). 
Aud. B. of Am. pl. 169, oct. ed. iv. pl. 277? 
Several specimens in Mr. Swift’s collection, quite identical with others before 
us, in Acad. Mus., labelled as from various localities in the West Indies, and 
Northern South America ; but I think, scarcely, the bird figured by Audubon. 


16, CroropHaca ANI, Linneus. 
Crotophaga ani, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 154, (1766). 
Buff. Pl. Enl. 102. 
Numerous specimens. 
17. CoLUMBA CORENSIS, Jacquin. 
Columba corensis, Jacq. Beytr. Gesch. Vog. p. 31, (1784). 
Columba monticola, Vieill. 
Columba portoricensis, Temm. 
Columba imbricata, Wagler. 
Knip, Pigeons, i. pl. 15. De Sagra’s Cuba, Aves, pl. 27. 


1860.] 26 


378 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Numerous specimens in mature plumage. Apparently precisely the same 
as the bird of Cuba, and other islands of the West Indies. 


18. ZENAIDA AMABILIS, Bonaparte. 
Zenaida amabilis, Bonap. Comp. List. 
Bonap. Am. Orn. iii. pl. 17, fig. 2, Aud. B. of Am. pl. 162, oct. ed. v. 
pl. 281. 
Several specimens in very fine plumage and excellent preservation. 


19. CHAM#PELIA TROCHILA, Bonaparte. 
Chamepelia trochila, Bonap. Consp. Ay. ii. p. 77, (1857). 
Various specimens in Mr. Swift’s collection appear to be this species. They 
are not, however, in mature plumage. 


20. Evupsycnortyx Sonninu, (Temminck). 
Perdix Sonninii, Temm. Pig. et. Gall. iii. p. 451, (1815). 
Temm. pl. col. 75. Gould, Monog. Odont. pl. 11. 

Very fine and mature specimens of both sexes. 

Mr. Swift has had the kindness to inform me that this species was intro- 
duced into the Island of St. Thomas some years since, from Venezuela, and 
that it has now become of frequent occurrence, quite naturalized, and rearing 
young freely throughout the island. The present specimens are exactly the 
species figured by Mr. Gould under this name, and identical with specimens 
in Acad. Mus., labelled ‘‘ Venezuela’’ and ‘‘ Cumana.’’ 


21. Anctatitis Witsontcs, (Ord.) 
Charadrius Wilsonius, Ord. Wilson’s Am. Orn. ix. p. 77, (2d ed. 1825). 
Charadrius crassirostris, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 77, (1825). 
Wilson, Am. Orn. ix. pl. 73. Aud. B. of Am. pl. 219, oct. ed. v. pl. 319. 
Several specimens quite identical with the bird of the eastern and southern 
coasts of the United States. This species evidently has an extended range 
of southern migration during the winter season, though the present locality 
is the most southern that we have yet seen from the West Indies. Its range 
on the coast of the Continent is more southern, and certainly extends to the 
coast of Brazil. 


22. GALLINULA GALEATA, (Lichtenstein). 
Crex galeata, Licht. Verz. p. 80, (1823). 
‘*Gallinula chloropus,’’ Auct. 
Bonap. Am. Orn. iv. pl. 27. Aud. B. of Am. pl. 244, oct. ed. v. pl. 304. 
A single specimen, in very fine plumage. 


23. RALLUS LONGIROSTRIS, Boddaert. 
Rallus longirostris, Bodd. Tab. Pl. Enl. p. 52, (1783). 
Rallus crepitans, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 713, (1788). 
Aud. B. of Am. pl. 204, oct. ed. v. pl. 310. Buff. Pl. Enl. 849. 

Like many other of the shore birds common in the summer, on the coast 
of the United States, this species performs a very extensive migration, extend- 
ing, probably, to almost the entire eastern coast of South America, and all the 
islands of the West Indies. The present specimens are identical with the bird 
which is abundant on the coast of New Jersey, and in much the same plumage 
seen in September, or later in the autumn. 

The proper name for this species, I have no doubt, is that here given. The 
figure in Buffon, as cited, probably represents an autumnal or winter plumage. 


24. BuroRIDES VIRESCENS, (Linneus). 
Ardea virescens, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 238, (1766). 
Wilson, Am. Orn. vii. pl. 61. Aud. B, of Am. pl. 333, oct. ed. vi. pl. 367. 
A single specimen, not in mature plumage, is this, or a nearly allied species. 
Probably a winter sojourner from the North. 
[Sept 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 379 


25. NycrHeropius viotaceus, (Linnzus). 
Ardea violacea, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 238, (1766). 
Ardea jamaicensis et cayanensis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 625, 626, (1788). 
Wilson, Am. Orn. viii. pl. 65. Aud. B. of Am. pl. 336, oct. ed. vi. pl. 364. 
Another wanderer, possibly from the Southern States of North America, 
though understood to be resident in some of the West Indies. One specimen 
only, in Mr, Swift’s collection, is in quite mature plumage, and is identical 
with specimens from the State of Georgia, in the Academy’s Museum. 


26. OnycHOPRION FULIGINOsUS, (Gmelin). 
Sterna fuliginosa, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 605, (1788). 
Wilson, Am. Orn. viii. pl. 72. Aud. B. of Am. pl. 235, oct. ed. vii. pl. 432. 

A single specimen in mature plumage, is the same species figured by Wilson 
and Audubon. Asa bird of North America, it is only known as inhabiting 
the extreme southern coast of the United States, but is abundant inthe whole 
southern hemisphere. 
27. THALASSEUS. 

A specimen of a young bird of a large, thick-billed species, which I fail to 
recognize. It may, however, be a common species. 

With this species we close this collection, which, though few in number of 
species, is a highly interesting and valuable contribution to the Museum of 
our Academy. 


Descriptions of new species of Crinoidea and Echinoidea from the Carboniferous 
rocks of Illinois, and other Western States. 


BY F. B. MEEK AND A. H. WORTHEN, 
Of the Illinois State Geological Survey. 


Although we have not yet had time to write out full remarks upon the 
relations of the species described in this paper, we would state that we have 
compared them carefully, not merely with figures and descriptions, but with 
authentic specimens of a large majority of the known American Carboniferous 
species. In comparing them with the forms figured and described in the Iowa 
Report, as well as with a large number of other Western Carboniferous forms 
named and described, though not yet published, by Prof. Hall, we have pos- 
sessed the advantage of having at hand, in almost every instance, the original 
types of those species which belong to, and are now in the possession of one 
of the authors.* 

Full illustrations of all the species, together with remarks, comparisons and 
extended descriptions will appear in the forthcoming report of the Geological 
Survey of [linois. 

Genus PLATYCRINUS, Miller. 


PLatTycriInus PrRaTTeNnaNnus.-—Calyx small, wider than high, distinctly trun- 
cated below and widening gradually upwards, composed of thick, smooth, 
slightly convex plates, which are united, (excepting the basal series) by 
grooved sutures. Base comparatively large, more than one-third as high, a3 
wide, and provided with a small rim around the margin of the broad truncated 
under side; consisting of one pentagonal, and two hexagonal plates, the upper 
side of the latter being concave in the middle, and about twice as long as the 
superior lateral slopes; sutures carinated, the carine passing down over the mar- 
ginal rim of the under side. Columnar facet large, or more than half as wide 
as the base, and slightly concave. First radial plates a little wider than high, 
quadrangular, nearly as wide at the base as above, somewhat convex on the 


* Since this was in type we have received a copy of Prof. Hall’s supplement to the 
Towa Report, in which we see he describes other species not contained in the collec- 
tions alluded to above. We have carefully compared his descriptions of these additional 
species with ours, described in this paper, and believe them to be all distinct, unless our 
Dichocrinus conus may be identical with his D. levis. 


1860.] 


380 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


under side, and provided with a rather broad rounded sinus above for the re- 
ception of the second radials, the lower margin of the excavation being but 
very slightly projecting. Second radial pieces small, much wider than long, 
triangular, and about filling the sinus in the upper side of each first radial ; 
concave on their upper sloping sides, which support the primary divisions of 
the arms. (Anal and interradial pieces unknown.) 

The arms, after the first division on the second radial plate, bifurcate again 
on the second piece, and at least two of the inner of these subdivisions, divide 
once more on the second piece, (ia two of the arms examined). Above these last 
divisions each arm is slender, nearly cylindrical, and consists of a single series 
of plates for a short distance, then gradually passes into a double alterna- 
ting series. The tentacles are closely arranged, and rather thick, where they 
connect with the arm pieces, but soon taper, and appear to be all made up of 
long slender joints. 

Height from the base to the summit of the first radials, 0°35 in; breadth at 
the top of first radials, 0.45 inch; breadth of base, 0-37 inch; height of do., 
0:13 inch; height of first radials, 0°24 inch. 

Named in honor of Mr. Henry Pratten, deceased, formerly of the Geological 
Survey of Illinois. 

Locality and position. Randolph County, Illinois. St. Louis, Limestone of 
the Subcarboniferous series. 


PLATYCRINUS PENICILLUS.—Body small, subglobose, a little wider than long, 
composed of thin plates, connected by moderately distinct sutures, and orna- 
mented by small tubercles or coarse granules, which, on the first radial plates, 
show a tendency to range themselves in a few radiating rows from the middle 
of the upper side. Base comparatively large, much depressed, considerably 
wider than high, and broadly truncate, with a marginal rim below. First 
radial pieces large, nearly flat, and a little higher than wide; widening some- 
what from the base, subquadrangular, the upper angles being slightly truncate 
by the interradial and anal pieces; sinus in the upper side for the reception of 
the second radial pieces shallow, and apparently about half as wide as the 
superior edge. Second radials small, triangular, wider than long, and support- 
ing on their upper sloping edges the first divisions of the arms. (Anal and 
interradial pieces unknown.) 

Above the first bifurcation on the second radial pieces, the two divisions of 
the arms subdivide on the second piece, and the two middle subdivisions each 
bifurcate again on the second piece, beyond which they are all simple. Imme- 
diately above the last bifurcations, the arms consist of a single series of pieces, 
which are somewhat wedge-shaped, or alternately longer and shorter on op- 
posite sides; then gradually pass into a double series of alternating joints 
above. The larger single arm pieces, below the bifurcations, and for a short 
distance above, are generally longer than wide, narrow around the middle, and 
broader at each extremity, the superior lateral angles projecting for the recep- 
tion of tentacles. All the larger arm pieces are connected by peculiar undu- 
lating sutures. : 

The column is comparatively large, and seems to have been very flexible. 
Near the body it is rounded and composed of thin alternately larger and 
smaller segments, with sharp edges, which are often crenulated. Farther down 
it becomes alternately compressed in opposite directions, at intervals of about 
every five joints ; while all the joints increase somewhat in thickness, and are 
ornamented with distinct spine-like projecting points or crenulations. About 
every fifth segment is more prominent on its edges than the others. 

Length of body from base to the summit of the first radials, 0-21 inch; 
breadth, about 0°26 inch; length of arms, near 0°89 inch 

Locality and position. Hardin County, Illinois. St. Louis Limestone, of the 
subcarboniferous series. 


PLATYCRINUS PLENUS.—Calyx subglobose, wider than high, composed of thin, 


[Sept. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 381 


slightly granulose plates. Base basin-shaped, expanding rapidly from its small 
truncated columnar facet, considerably wider than high, and provided with 
carinated sutures. First radial plates large, about as high as wide, subquad- 
rangular in outline, the two superior angles being rather distinctly truncated 
for the reception of the interradial pieces; all nearly, or quite as wide below as 
above, and provided with a rounded siuus in the upper edge equal to about 
half their own breadth, for the reception of the second radial pieces. Second 
radials very small, triangular, about half as long as wide, and supporting cn 
their superior sloping sides, which are distinctly concave, the first divisions of 
the arms. (Anal plates unknown). Interradial pieces comparatively large, 
and each provided with a rather distinct central spine or tubercle. 

The arms are rather small, and above the first division on the second radial 
piece, bifurcate again on the second piece, beyond which they appear to 
be simple in most cases, though some of them present the appearance of sub- 
dividing again on the second piece. Above the last bifurcation, they are at 
first composed of a single series of joints, but gradually pass into a double al- 
ternating series. All the joints below the bifurcations, and some of the larger 
single ones above, are rather long, constricted around the middle, and provided 
with a prominent projection on each side above. 

The column is compressed, twisted, and composed of nearly equal, rather short 
segments, which are occasionally armed with short conical nodes or spines. 

Height from the base to the summit of the first radials, 0-43 inch; breadth, 
0-58 inch ; breadth of base, 0°45 inch; height of do., 0-15 inch. 

Locality and position, same as last. 


Genus DICHOCRINUS, Munster. 


DicHocrINus consTricTtus.—Body small, oval subglobose, widest above, con- 
stricted a little below the middle, and rounded or slightly truncate beneath ; 
composed of thick plates, which appear to have been smooth, and are joined by 
linear sutures. Base comparatively large, or forming about one-third the 
entire length of the body, twice as wide as high, and more or less concave in 
the middle below; each of its pieces having five obscure angles above, with 
slight concavities between for the reception of the succeeding range of plates ; 
columnar facet very small and round. First radial plates higher than wide, a 
little unequal, having an oblong subquadrangular outline, the two upper angles 
of each being slightly truncated, apparently for the reception of very small 
interradial pieces; one of them having a fifth obscure angle in the middle of 
the under side. Sinus in the upper side of each first radial for the reception of 
the second radials, rounded, and from one-third to one-half the breadth of these 
plates. Anal piece slightly larger than the first radials, and having a subpenta- 
gonal outline, narrowing upwards a little, and like the first radials, curving 
inward above. (Other parts unknown.) 

Length, 0-39 inch; breadth above the middle, 0°38 inch; do. at the constric- 
tion below the middle, 0:32 inch; breadth of base, 0°33 inch; height of do., 
0-14 inch. 

Locality and position. Bloomington, Indiana; in beds probably equivalent to 
the Warsaw Limestone, of the subcarboniferous series. 


Dicnocrinus conus.—Body large, obconical, longer than wide, composed of 
thin, smooth plates, which are united by close fitting, linear sutures. Base 
comparatively large, a little longer than wide, tapering regularly to the small 
inferior extremity, which is slightly truncate ; both pieces subtrigonal in out- 
line, though really hexagonal, if we count the slightly salient angles between 
the shallow sinuosities in the upper margins ; columnar facet small, round ? and 
provided with a smallrim. Radial pieces large, longer than wide, presenting 
an oblong outliue, slightly wider above than at the base; all more or less con- 
vex on the inferior margins, which in the anterior one, is provided with an 
obtuse central angle; sinus in the upper margin of each, about one-third as wide 


1860.] 


382 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


as the superior edge, and excavated down nearly one-fifth the length of the 
plate, its lower edge projecting distinctly outward. Anal plate hexagonal, as 
long as the radials, but a little narrower, about twice as high as wide. 

Each radial plate, as well as the anal piece, has an obscure rounded ridge 
extending down the middle to its base, so as to give the body a slightly sub- 
hexagonal outline when viewed from below. These prominences are also con- 
tinued on down upon the basal pieces, gradually becoming obsolete as they 
converge toward the narrow lower extremity. 

Length of the body to the summit of the first radials, 1-31 inches; breadth 
about 1:16 inches; height of base 0:58 inch; breadth of do. above, 0°76 in. 

Locality and position. Cedar Creek, Warren County, Illinois. Burlington, 
Limestone of subcarboniferous series. 


DicHocriNnvs (PTEROTCCRINUS*) CRAsSUS.—Body below the arms of medium size 
basin-shaped, or more than twice as wide as high, widening rapidly upwards 
from the base, and composed of thick, apparently, smooth plates, which are 
very slightly convex, and connected by linear sutures. Base comparatively 
large, about four times as wide as high, distinctly concave below, and widening 
upwards from its rounded lower margin; subcircular in outline, being scarcely 
impressed at the sutures; columnar facet round, concave, and about one-fourth 
as wide as the base. First radial plates broader than long, widening regularly 
upwards from the base, and ail concave on the upper side, which is longer than 
either of the others; four of them quadrangular, and one on the anterior side 
probably subpentagonal, from the presence of a fifth obscure angle at the 
middle of the under side. Second radial pieces very small, about twice 
as wide as long, subtrigonal in outline, and supporting on their superior 
sloping sides, (which are a little concave,) the two middle arms, while the two 
lateral arms rest partly upon their wedge-shaped lateral extremities, and in 
part directly upon the first radials. ‘The anal piece is rather more than half as 
large as the first radial plates, a little longer than wide, (the lateral margins 
being nearly parallel or slightly convex in outline,) and presenting a subquad- 
rangular form, with a fifth obscure angle at the middle of the base. 


*This and the first of the following species, evidently belong 1o the same group as the 
species upon which Mr. Lyon proposed, in the third volume of the Geologicai Sur- 
vey of Kentucky, to found a new genus under the name of Asterocrinus (Pterotocrinus, 
Lyon & Casseday). ‘The species of which it is composed present marked differences 
from what are regarded as typical species of Dichocrinus in the old world, and we haye 
little doubt in regard to the propriety of separating them from that genus. As there-are, 
however, seme differences of opinion, amongst paleontologists, in relation to the limits 
of the genus Dichocrinus, we have concluded to place our species in the group Pteroto- 
crinus, using the name provisionally, however, for the present, in a subgeneric sense. 

Judging from the few species of this group we have yet seen, we are led to think the 
formula given by Messrs. Lyon and Casseday, in their paper published in the American 
Journal of Science, (January, 1859,) should be modified somewhat. In one of our species 
there is a minute triangular piece resting upon the middle of each first radial, and 
partly supporting on its superior sloping sides the two pieces regarded in Messrs. Lyon 
and Casseday’s formula as the second radial. In another of our species this minute 
piece is represented by a larger one of the same form, which undoubtedly bears the re- 
lations to the other parts, of a dwarfed, but true second radial; while those resting upon, 
and partly upon it, assume the character of secondary radials and free arm pieces, 
Hence we think this minute piece (which is sometimes wanting), however small it May 
be, should always be regarded as a rudimentary second radial piece. If we are correct 
in these views, the formula of this group should be stated as follows :— 

Basa! pieces, 2. 

Radials 1 or 25, the second being very small, minute, or sometimes obsolete. 

Secondary radials, 1X10, or wanting; the first free arm pieces sometimes resting 
partly on the second and partly on the first radials; and where the small second radial 
and the secondary radials are wanting, all resting directly upon the first. 

Arms, 20. 

Interradials unknown. 

Interbrachia] appendages 5, large, and more or less expanded. 


[Sept. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, 383 


The first arm pieces are much larger than the others, and consist of a single 
series; but above these the arms soon pass into a double series of small 
alternating pieces, which are considerably wider than long, and support 
on the inner side a double series of closely arranged tentacles. The 
arms, of which there are four to each ray, or twenty in the entire series, 
are rounded on the outside, and deeply grooved within, slightly taper- 
ing, apparently rather long, and entirely simple. Theinterbrachial appendage, 
rising from the middie of each group of arms, is thin or knife-like, and 
seems to have been nearly as long as the arms. 

Locality and position. Hardin County, Illinois. Chester Limestone, of sub- 
carboniferous series. 


Dicwocrinus (PTEROTOCRINUS) CHESTERENSIS.—Body below the arms rather 
small, basin-shaped, or more than twice as wide as high, widening rapidly up- 
wards from the base, the sides being slightly concave in outline; composed of 
moderately thick, apparently smooth plates, which are connected by linear 
sutures. Base more than one-third as broad as the body, about three times as 
wide as high, truncate and concave below, the concavity being margined by an 
angular rim; columnar facet small, or less than one-third as broad as the trun- 
cated under side of the base. First radial plates about the size of the basal 
pieces, though proportionally higher, twice as wide as long, and widening 
rather rapidly from below ; four of them quadrangular, and one on the anterior 
side, pentagonal; all distinctly concave on the upper side, (which is longer 
than either of the others) and having their salient lateral angles above slightly 
truncated, apparently for the reception of small interradial pieces. Second 
radial pieces minute, or merely rudimentary, triangular, and each partly 
supporting on its sloping upper edges two larger secondary radial pieces, 
which also rest with one side on the primary radials, and bear upon their 
superior sloping sides the first brachial pieces, the outer of which, like- 
wise have one edge reposing upon the lateral superior edge of the first radial 
plates. Anal piece about one-third as large as the primary radials, ovate in 
form, the upper extremity being very narrow, and the long lateral margin 
convex, while its base has an obtuse angle on each side, and one in the middle. 

The arms, of which there are four to each ray, or twenty in the entire range, 
are simple from their origin, rounded on the outside, deeply grooved within, 
and commence as a single series of larger pieces, but soon pass into a double 
alternating series of small pieces, which support on their inner sides two ranges 
of tentacles. The interbrachial appendages, if there are any in this species, are 
unknown. 

Height from base to summit of first radial pieces, 0-16 inch; breadth at the 
top of first radials, 0-40 inch; breadth of base, 0:24 inch; height of do., 0:16 
inch; length of anal piece, 0-15 inch; breadth of do., 0-09 inch. 

Locality and position. Chester, Illinois. Chester Limestone of the subcar- 
boniferous series. 


Genus TREMATOORINUS, Hall, 1860. 


TREMATOCRINUS FISCELLUS.*—Body short, subcylindrical, slightly longer than 
wide, truncated and concave at the base, and nearly flat above; sides rising 


* In first sending on the description of this species to the Academy, we had proposed 
to found upon it a subgenus, which we placed provisionally under Acanthocrinus, stating, 
at the same time, that it presented differences from the type of that genus, that might 
be of full generic value. As this paper is going through the press, we have received a 
copy of Prof. Hall’s Supplement to the Iowa Report (just published), in which we see he 
has described four species of this type under the name of TJ'rematocrinus. We there- 
fore cancel, in the proof of our paper, the description of the group, and refer our 
species, which is clearly distinct, specifically, from the forms described by Prof; Hall, 
to his genus Trematocrinus. 

In our remarks (now cancelled) on this group, we had pointed out its relations not only 
to Acanthocrinus, but also to Rhodocrinus, Miller, and to Goniasteroidocrinus of Lyon 
and Casseday. Its analogy to the latter is so striking, that we strongly suspect the same 


1860.] 


384 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


almost vertically to near the arms, where they curve a little outwards. Piates 
nearly smooth or subgranulose, and all convex, those of the subovate inter- 
radial spaces less prominent than the rays, and showing avery slight tendency 
to develope obscure ridges, one of which passes to each side; sutures mode- 
rately distinct. Base small, entirely within the concavity of the under side, 
concave, and obscurely pentagonal; columnar facet large, or occupying 
nearly the whole area of the base, obscurely marked by radiating strie, and 
provided with a small penatgonal star-shaped central opening. Subradial 
pieces as wide as long, truncated, and narrower above than below, subquad- 
rangular in outline, but provided with a fifth very obtuse angle in the middle 
below, and having each inferior lateral angle slightly truncated. First radial 
pieces larger than the subradials, and wedged so far in between them as to 
come nearly in contact with the base, about as wide as long, heptagonal, the 
sides connecting with subradials being longer than the others. Second radials 
hexagonal, aslong as wide. Third radials heptagonal, and supporting on their 
superior sloping sides the first secondary radials, each of which is succeeded by 
two others, the last of which supports the first true brachial piece. 

The first interradial pieces rest upon the superior truncated side of the sub- 
radials, which are abont equal in size; they are all hexagonal, the inferior 
lateral edges being very short, and the under side longer than either of the 
others. Above these there are in the secund range three, in the third three 
or four, and in the fourth three pieces, the latter being surmounted by three 
or four others; all the series diminish gradually from below to the summit. 
(Anal plates unknown.) 

The interbrachial pieces are all very small, two of them being wedged down 
in the narrow space between the first and second secondary radial pieces, 
while the others are arranged so as to form the upper and inner side of the 
two smal] ambulacral apertures—the outer and lower sides of which are 
formed partly by a sinus in the edge of the second secondary radial pieces, 
and partly by one side of the third. 

The secondary radials diverge so that those belonging to different rays meet, 
over the centre of each interradial space, where the arms—of which there 
appear to be ten, arise. The first brachial pieces are not quite free, being 
flanked on either side by the interbrachial pieces, forming the summit of the 
apertures. They are all pierced directly through the middle by the arm 
openings. 

The summit is very slightly convex, and composed of unequal plates, the 
larger of which are tumid, and the smaller less convex. Extending from 
each arm, towards the middle, there is a depression occupied by smaller 
pieces, while the larger and more convex plates occupy the prominences be- 
tween. The specimen examined being a little defective on one side, the exact 
position of the anal opening, if any exists, cannot be determined. 

Height to top of first brachial pieces, 0°48 inch; do. to ambulacral apertures, 
0-39 inch; do. to top of vault, 0-56. Breadth below the arms, 0°51 inch. 

Locality and position.—Burlington Limestone of subcarboniferous series, 
Burlington, Iowa. 

Genus ACTINOCRINUS, Miller. 

ACTINOCRINUS VALIDUS.—Body of medium size, subglobose, being more de- 

pressed above than below the arms; calyx somewhat ventricose, and formed 


of thick, convex, radiately costate plates, connected by moderately distinct 
sutures; summit composed of small irregular tuberculose pieces, and provided 


ambulacral openings may exist in the type of that genus, and that in consequence of the 
imperfection of their specimens, Messrs. Lyon and Casseday may have failed to see 
them. Ifso, all the species will probably have to be ranged under their name, which 
was first published, unless when the characters and limits of Acanthocrinus are better 
known, it may be found that these American forms should only constitute a section of 
that genus. Prof. Hal) seems to have overlooked the almost exact identity in the 
generic formula of his group with that given of Gontasterotdocrinus. 

[Sept. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 385 


with a subcentral proboscis ; interradial spaces between the arms deeply exca- 
vated. Base rather small, truncated and concave below, about four times as 
wide as high, not provided with a continuous rim; composed of somewhat un- 
equal plates, with deeply grooved sutures between; columnar facet nearly two- 
thirds as broad as the base, concave, and marked by fine radiating strie. First 
radial plates a little wider than high, two of them hexagonal, and three hepta- 
gonal, the angle at the middle of the lower side of each being very obtuse. Sec- 
ond radials wider than long, hexagonal and heptagonal, about one-half to two- 
thirds as large as the first radials, and like them ranging obliquely outward 
and upward from the base. Third radial pieces, smaller than the second, from 
which they extend almost horizontally outwards; arcuate transversely, their 
lateral extremities curving up to connect with the superior arm pieces, hexa- 
gonal, and each supporting on its superior (or more properly its outer) sloping 
sides two secondary radial pieces, which also extend out hcrizontally from the 
body. 

‘The first anal piece is nearly as large as the first radials, about as wide as 
long, hexagonal, and supports on its superior sloping sides two smaller hexa- 
gonal and heptagonal pieces in the second range; above these there are in the 
next range, three or four smaller pieces, which connect with the vault and 
superior arm pieces above and on each side. The first interradial plates are 
about the size of the second radials, as long as wide, heptagonal (and hexago- 
nal) and support two or three smaller pieces in the next range. 

Of the distinct radiating coste on the first radial plates, from three to four 
pass across from one to the other, and from each to the base, and one or two 
to the second radial, and each first interradial above; while the third radials 
are destitute of coste, 

Height from base to summit of third radials, 0-65 inch; do., to top of vault, 
0:95 inch; breadth (across between the arms) 0-91 inch; breadth of base 0-42 
inch; height of do., 0:12 inch. 

Locality and position. Cedar Creek, Warren County, Illinois. Burlington 
Limestone of lower carboniferous series. 


AcTINOCRINUS ASTERISCUS.— Body about medium size, depressed or subdiscoidal, 
rather more convex below than above the arms; calyx expanding rapidly from 
the base about half way up, then flaring outwards so as to bring the third ra- 
dials and succeeding pieces nearly upon a horizontal plane, composed of thin, 
nearly smooth flattened plates, which are joined by close fitting sutures; sum- 
mit much depressed, consisting of numerous medium-sized, convex plates, and 
provided with a-subcentral proboscis; interradial spaces deeply excavated, so as 
to give the body a distinctly pentalobate outline, as seen from above or below. 
Base small, apparently rounded and destitute of a marginal rim, about three 
times as wide as high. First radial plates wider than long, expanding from below 
to the lateral angles, three of them hexagonal, and two heptagonal, the angle at 
the middle of the base of the latter being very obtuse. Second radials small, 
about twice as wide as long, hexagonal and pentagonal. Third radials slightly 
larger than the second, pentagonal, or occasionally hexagonal about twice as 
wide as high, and each supporting on its superior (or more properly, outer) 
sloping sides, two secondary radials; these are each succeeded by another, 
which in its turn, supports two of the first brachial pieces, making four arms 
to each ray, or twenty in the whole series, all of which seem to rise vertically 
from the point of attachment. 

The first anal piece is small, longer than wide, hexagonal, and supports on 
each superior lateral edge a small pentagonal piece, and on its truncated 
upper end a long, narrow, irregular plate, which extends up and curves 
inwards with its superior extremity between two of the crown plates. On each 
side of the latter there is a large irregular curved piece, belonging, probably, 
to the anal series. The first interradial plates are larger than the first anal 
piece, and as wide as, or wider than long, hexagonal or heptagonal, and each 
supports on its superior lateral sloping edges smaller pieces, above which 


160. ] 


386 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


there are usually three, or occasionally four, irregular elongated pieces, similar 
to the upper of the anal series. Sometimes the middle one of these three 
pieces extends down between the others, so as to rest upon a short, truncated, 
upper end of the first interradial piece. (Other parts unknown.) 

Height from base to top of vault, 0-47 inch; do. to arms, 0:37 inch; breadth 
across, from side to side, between the interradial 0°66 inch. 

Locality and position. Same as last. 


ACTINOCRINUS SPECIOsUS.—Body large, below the arms obconical, longer than 
wide, composed of convex, ornately costate plates, which are joined by more or 
less excavated sutures. Base of moderate size, cup-shaped, nearly as wide 
again as high, truncate below, and expanding rather rapidly upward, composed 
of regular subequal hexagonal plates, with broadly and deeply grooved sutures. 
Columnar facet rather large, or nearly equaling one-half the breadth of the 
base, flat, marked by obscure radiating strie, and provided with a very small 
continuous rim; perforated by a round central opening about one-third the 
diameter of the column at its junction with the body. First radial plates large, 
longer than wide, three hexagonal, and two heptagonal, generally widest a 
little above the middle. Second radials considerably smaller than the first, 
about as wide as long, and apparently all hexagonal. Third radials a little 
smaller than the second, wider than long, heptagonal, (and octagonal ?) each 
supporting on its superior sloping sides two smaller heptagonal or octagonal 
secondary radials, which appear to have each supported two brachial pieces ; 
resting upon and between the two secondary radials, there is a small hexagonal 
interbrachial jpiece, which appears to have supported two others on its upper 
sloping sides. 

The first anal plate, which is nearly as large as the first radials, is heptagonal, 
longer than wide, and supports in the first range three much smaller pieces, 
the middle one of which, is pentagonal, and the others hexagonal; above these 
in the next range, there are four, and in the third, apparently three pieces, 
which is as far as they can be traced in the specimen examined. 

The first interradial plates are slightly larger than the second radials, hexa- 
gonal, and each surmounted by two smaller pieces; above these there are, 
apparently, about three other ranges of two small pieces each. 

The surface of the plates is neatly ornamented by narrow, sharply elevated 
ribs, about four to six of which radiate from the central region of each first 
radial plate to each of its sides, excepting below the middle, where there are 
usually about eight to ten. The coste on the other plates are less numerous 
in proportion to the size of each, and like those on the first radials, extend to 
the sides, those crossing any one side being all arranged parallel to each other 
so as to form with those on the adjacent plates a series of concentric equila- 
teral triangles. Sometimes these coste are irregularly interrupted, or more or 
less notched, especially on the upper plates; and on some of the upper inter- 
radial pieces they show a tendency to become irregularly broken up into little 
Spine-like projections. 

Locality and position. Three wiles west of Burlington, Iowa. Burlington 
Limestone of the subcarboniferous series. 


AcTINOCRINUS sciLuTUS.—Body ‘rather under medium size, unsymmetrically 
urn-shaped, the summit being moderately convex, and the calyx below the 
arms obconical, with a truncated base; expanding regularly with straight 
sides from the base to the third radials, above which the secondary radial, and 
first brachial pieces extend out horizontally, leaving excavated interradial 
spaces between the clusters of arms; sutures close fitting. Base of moderate 
size, more than twice as wide as high, truncated, and distinctly concave below, 
where it is as wide as at the summit ; margin so deeply notched at the sutures 
as to present a distinctly trilobate appearance as seen from below; columnar 
facet rounded, about one-third as wide as the base, and provided with a mi- 
nute central perforation. First radial pieces a little wider than long, two of 
them heptagonal, and three hexagonal, widening upwards from the base to 


[Sept. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 387 


the lateral angles, and each having a very prominent, compressed, central 
node extending obliquely outwards and downwards, from which one or two 
moderately prominent ridges pass down upon the basal plates. Second radials 
between one-half and two-thirds as large as the first, distinctly convex, or 
each rising into a small node; about one-third wider than high, two of them 
pentagonal, and three hexagonal. Third radials as wide as the second, but 
rather shorter, three of them pentagonal and two heptagonal, supporting on 
each of their superior sloping sides a slightly smaller secondary radial piece, 
each of which is surmounted by two brachial pieces; making, apparently, 
twenty arms in the entire range. 

The first interradial pieces are about as large as the second radials, and like 
them provided with a central node ; they are as long as wide, regularly hexa- 
gonal, and support on their superior sloping sides two smaller pieces in the 
second range, and two or three in the third, which connect on each side with 
the secondary radial, and first brachial pieces. The first anal plate is nearly 
as large as the first radials, as long as wide, hexagonal, and supports in the 
second range, two rather smaller pieces, one of which is hexagonal, and the 
other heptagonal; above these there are two others, which connect with the 
third radials, and secondary radial pieces on each side, and are surmounted 
by two or three small, irregular pieces, which are flanked on either side by 
the brachial pieces, and connect with those of the summit above, 

The vault is composed of irregular, moderately convex pieces, of various 
forms, and provided with a subcentral proboscis, which rises abruptly from its 
surface. 

Height from the base to the summit of the vault, 0°66 inch; do. to top of 
third radials on the anterior side, 0-44. Breadth of base, 0-34 inch; height 
of do., 0:14 inch; breadth across the summit, between the interradial spaces 
on opposite sides, 0°61 inch. 

Locality and position, Cedar Creek, Warren County, Illinois, Burlington 
Limestone, of the subcarboniferous series. 


ACTINOCRINUS ARANEOLUS.—Body small, much depressed, stelliform, nearly 
equally convex above and below the arms, with deeply excavated interradial 
spaces ; composed of smooth or obscurely granulose, convex plates, which are 
strongly angular below the arms; sutures moderately distinct. Base small, 
flat and subhexagonal ; columnar facet small, round, flat, and about one-third 
as wide as the base, pierced by a small central opening. First radial pieces on 
a plane with the base, strongly convex, and angular in the middle, from which 
a more or less angular ridge radiates to each of the sides, all slightly broader 
than long, and hexagonal or heptagonal, the seventh angle at the middle of 
the side connecting with the base being very obtuse. Second radial pieces 
nearly as large as the first, wider than long, distinctly curved upwards at the 
sides, and subangular along the middle; presenting a hexagonal outline as 
seen from below, but possessing an additional angle on each side, only seen in 
a lateral view. Third radials of the same size as the second, from which they 
extend horizontally outwards ; curving distinctly upwards on each side, and pen- 
tagonal as seen from below, but each having one or two additional angles on 
each side, where they connect with the superior arm pieces extending out from 
the vault; supporting on their superior, or more properly outer, sloping sides 
apparently the first brachial pieces. 

The interradials are about two-thirds as large as the first radial pieces, a 
little longer than wide, regularly hexagonal, and each support on their supe- 
rior sloping sides two smaller pieces, which seem to belong more properly to 
the vault, than the interradial series. 

The first anal plate is near two-thirds as large as the first radial, hexagonal, 
and supports two smaller hexagonal pieces in the next range; above these 
there are four others in the third range, which connect with those of the vault 
above, and with the superior arm pieces on each side. 

The summit is composed of small, somewhat irregular pieces, some of which 


1860.] 


388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


are tumid, and a few that extend out over the third radials become subconical. 
The proboscis is subcentral, of medium size, and rises abruptly from the much 
depressed vault. (Other parts unknown.) 

Height, 0°22 inch; breadth across the disk, between the interradial spaces 
on opposite sides, 0°33; do., between the third radials on opposite sides, 0°54 
inch; breadth of base, 0°14 inch. 


Locality and position. Burlington, Iowa. Burlington Limestone, of the 
subcarboniferous series. 


ActinocRinus (AMPHORACRINUS*) SUBTURBINATUS.—Body rather under me- 
dium size, turbinate, or obconical below the arms, and depressed convex 
above; expanding regularly with straight sides from the column to the sum- 
mit of the third radials, thence more abruptly to the arms; composed of flat, 
smooth or merely granulose plates, which are connected by close-fitting sutures. 
Interradial and anal spaces rather distinctly excavated between the groups of 
arms. Base comparatively small, subpentagonal, about one-third as wide as 
high, and not provided with a projecting rim; columnar facet concave, small 
or less than half the diameter of the base. First radial plates generally a little 
wider than long, widening from the base to the lateral angles, two of them 
heptagonal and three hexagonal. Second radials small, about twice as wide 
as high, quadrangular, or rarely with one of the upper angles slightly trunca- 
ted so as to produce a fifth angle. Third radial pieces a little larger than the 
second, about twice as wide as high, hexagonal and heptagonal, and support- 
ing on each superior sloping side in the anterior and two posterior rays, one 
(occasionally two on one side of the latter) small secondary radial piece, which 
gives rise to two brachial pieces ; while in each of the two antero-lateral rays, 
the two small secondary radials are truncated above, and each supports asingle 
brachial piece ; making two arms to each of these rays, and four to each of the 
others, or sixteen to the entire series. 

The first interradial plates are about two-thirds as large as the first radials, 
nearly as long as wide, and six to nine-sided. On the superior sloping sides 
of these, rest two smaller pieces, which partly support the secondary radials, 
and are surmounted by two or three irregular pieces, which extend up between | 
the groups of arms. The first anal piece is as large as the first radials, about 
as long as wide, heptagonal, and surmounted by three smaller hexagonal 
pieces in the second range, the middle one of which extends above the others. 
Surmounting these there are also three pieces in the third range, the two late- 
ral of which each supports an irregular piece above, while the middle one pro- 
jects considerably beyond the others, and supports on its sloping sides a series 
of protuberant plates, which surround the small anal aperture. 

The summit is composed of irregular unequal plates, one of which over each 
arm, and another near the middle, are larger than the others, and appear to 
have been convex, or may even have been extended into short spines. The 
anal aperture is lateral, being located a little above the elevation of the arm 
openings. 

Height from base to summit, 0°59 inch; breadth across the summit between 
the groups of arms, 0°60 inch; do., from the arm openings on opposite sides, 


* We think Austin’s name Amphoracrinus should be retained, at least in a subgeneric 
sense. The lateral position of the anal and oral opening in this group, instead of having 
it placed in or near the centre of the vault, and extended in the form of a more or less 
elongated proboscis, must have been accompanied by some marked difference in the 
structure of the softer parts of the animal. Indeed it seems to us that in the classification 
of the Crinoidea, too much importance is often given to the number and arrangement of 
the pieces forming the cup, to the neglect of the ensemble of characters present<d in the 
structure of all parts of the animal. When we see what widely dissimilar species are some- 
times brought together in the same groups, by the present classification, we cannot avoid 
suspecting that it is, as now used, at least to some extent, analogous to the old artificial 
Linnzan classification in botany, and that it will some day give way to a more rational 
method that may make material modifications in the genera as we now understand them. 


[Sept. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 389 


0-73 inch; breadth of base, 0-27 inch; height do., 0°07; height from base to 
anal opening, 0°46 inch. 
Locality and position. Same as last. 


Genus FORBSIOCRINUS.* 


Forssrocrinus ? Norwoopt.—Body (as near as can be determined from a com- 
pressed specimen) obconical, or enlarging regularly upwards from the col- 
umn; composed of nearly smooth, rather thick, flattened, or more or less 
arcuate plates, which are connected by linear sutures. Base small, and ap- 
parently nearly hidden by the column. Subradial plates rather irregular in 
form, four of them pentagonal, (one of the sides being very short) and one 
on the anal side apparently heptagonal, with unequal sides. First radial 
pieces nearly twice as wide as long, hexagonal and heptagonal, and a little 
arcuate transversely. Second, third and fourth radials, (and in the anterior 
ray the fifth,) all short, nearly of the same size, hexagonal and about twice 
as wide as long. Fifth radial pieces (sixth in the anterior ray) of the same 
size as the others, heptagonal, and supporting on their superior sloping sides 
the secondary radials, only three ranges of which have been seen ; these lat- 
ter alternate with interradials on each side, and show scarcely any tendency 
to diverge. (Anal pieces unknown). 

Of the interradials, which are numerous, the first are nearly as large as 
the subradials, as long as wide, hexagonal, and support three smaller pieces 
in the second range. Above these four are seen in the next range, in one in- 
terradial space, which is as far up as they can be counted in the specimen 
examined, though it is evident from the breadth of the interradial spaces 
that they must increase in number at the same rate for several ranges above. 

The column is round, comparatively thick at its connection with the base, 
from which it tapers towards the lower extremity. It is made up of extreme- 
ly thin segments, which fit together by interlocking crenulations, formed 
doubtless by distinct radiating strie on their upper and lower surfaces. Its 
central cavity is subcircular, and nearly equal to one-third the diameter of 
the column, at a distance of one inch below its connection with the base. 

Named in honor of Prof. J. G. Norwood, of the University of Missouri. 

Locality and position. Near Nauyoo, Illinois. Keokuk Limestone of sub- 
Carboniferous series. 


Forssiocrinus? sEMIovaTus.—Body below the first bifurcation of the rays, 
narrow semiovate, a little wider than long, expanding rapidly from the base 
to the summit of the first radial pieces, above which it widens very gradually, 
or beconres nearly cylindrical ; composed of moderately thick, smooth, or sub- 
granulose plates, united by distinct sutures. Basal plates (as defined in this 
genus by Prof. Hallt) hidden by the column, if they exist. Subradials (of 
Hall, basal of Koninck and LeHon), of moderate size, wider than long, three 
of them on the anterior side pentagonal, the two upper sloping sides being 
considerably longer than the lateral margins; (the other two unknown). 
First radial plates on the anterior side, heptagonal, wider than long, the supe- 
rior truncated edge being longer than either of the others. Second radials 
smaller than the first, hexagonal, and nearly twice as wide as long. Third 
and fourth radials, a little smaller than the second, wider than long, and 
quadrangular, or obscurely hexagonal, excepting in one ray where there are 
only four pieces, the last of which is pentagonal, or obscurely heptagonal, 
and supports the arms; in each of the other two rays seen, there is a fifth 
piece, which seems to be pentagonal, and supports the arms on its superior 
sloping sides. (Anal and interradial pieces unknown.) 


* The two species we have here referred provisionally to the genus Forbsiocrinus, wil] 
probably be found to possess the characters of Onychocrinus of Lyon and Casseday ; but 
as we have not yet seen the basal plates of either, we do not feel quite warranted in 
separating them from Forhsiocrinus, 

tSee Iowa Report, p. 630. 


1860] 


390 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


The arms above the first division on the fourth and fifth radials, consist of 
a single series of pieces, are rounded on the outside, and a little broader than 
their diameter at right angles to their outer surface. One of them is seen to 
bifurcate again on the sixth piece, and another on the eighth, beyond which 
they are not known to divide again. Between each two of the arm pieces, as 
well as the primary radial plates, the minute accessory patelloid p*eces, 
pointed out by Prof. Hall in other species of this genus, are distinctly seen. 

The column is comparatively large, near the body, tapers a little down- 
wards, and is composed, for a short distance below its connection with the 
base, of extremely thin segments, which fit together by distinct interlocking 
crenulations around the margins; and a little farther down they gradually 
become alternately thicker and thinner. A transverse section shows the 
central cavity to be comparatively large, and distinctly pentapetalous as thus 
seen. 

Height from the base to the top of the first radials 0°19 inch; do. from base 
to top of fifth radials 0-41 inch; breadth at the summit of the first radials 0°35 
inch; breadth of base 0°15 inch. 

Locality and position. Hardin County, Illinois. St. Louis Limestone of 
subcarboniferous series. 


Genus ZEACRINUS, Troost. 


ZEACRINUS DIScUs.—Calyx below the summit of the first radial plates small, 
subdiscoidal, or depressed, basin-shaped, about three times as wide as high, 
composed of smooth, very slightly convex plates, which are connected by mode- 
rately distinct sutures. Base small, flat, and pentagonal; columnar facet 
equalling about two-thirds the diameter of the base, round, concave, and 
marked by distinct radiating strie, perforated by a round, minute central 
aperture. Subradial plates extending nearly horizontally outward from the 
base, so as to form a distinct pentagonal, star-shaped disk, all curving a little 
upwards towards their outer extremities; three of them pentagonal, and two 
hexagonal, in consequence of each having one angle slightly truncated by the 
anal pieces. First radial plates about twice as large as the subradials, rather 
more than half as long as wide, pentagonal, and all transversely truncate 
above, the upper side being longer than either of the inferior sloping edges, 
which are longer than the lateral margins. 

The first anal plate is elongate pentagonal, and wedged down between one 
of the subradia!s, and the inferior sloping side of one of the first radial plates, 
its lower extremity resting upon a very short side of another subradial. Of 
the second anal pieces there are two, one of which stands upon the short trun- 
cated superior side of one of the subradials, and is supported on its right in- 
ferior sloping side by the first anal piece, and on the left by one of the first 
radials; the other stands upon the upper end of the first anal piece, being also 
partly supported on the right by one of the first radial plates, and on the left 
by the other second anal piece. Both the second anal plates project about 
half their length above the summit of the first radials. (Remaining parts un- 
known.) 

Height to the summit of the first radial plates, 0:17 inch; breadth 0°46 inch; 
breadth of base 0:14 inch. 

Locality and position. Sangamon county, Illinois. Upper Coal Measures. 


ZEACRINUS TROoosTANUS.—Body rather small, depressed, basin-shaped below 
the arms, somewhat rounded and concave on the inner side, composed of ap- 
parently smooth plates, which are connected by linear sutures. Base very 
small, concave, and nearly or quite hidden by the column. Subradial plates 
unequal in size, a little wider than long, excepting the one on the anal side, 
four of them pentagonal, and one, which is longer than the others, heptagonal, 
(counting the part of each connecting with the base, as one side.) First 
radials nearly twice as wide as high, pentagonal, the superior horizonta!ly 
truncated edge being longer than either of the inferior sloping sides. Second 


[Sept. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 391 


radial plates slightly larger than the first, wider than long, pentagonal, and 
indistinctly hexagonal; all longer on the inferior truncate side than either of 
the others; apparently four of them supporting on their superior sloping sides 
the first divisions of the arms, while the one on the anterior side is truncated 
above, and succeeded by three other very short, wide pieces, upon the last of 
which the first divisions of the arms rest. 

Only two of the anal pieces are seen in the specimen examined; one of these, 
which is small, occupies a position partly between the right superior sloping 
side of the largest subanal piece, and the left inferior sloping side of one of 
the first radials. The other connects with this on the left, and rests upon the 
left upper sloping side of the large subradial piece, being apparently flanked 
on its left side by one of the first radial pieces. 

The arms are nearly flat, or but slightly rounded on the outer side, and 
bifurcate again, after the first division on the second radial pieces (in the 
lateral and posterior rays), on the eighth, tenth, and eleventh pieces, and one 
of the subdivisions again divides on the twelfth or fourteenth piece, beyond 
which they are all simple. 

Named in honor of Dr. G. Troost, deceased, former State Geologist of 
Tennessee. 

Locality and position. Cedar creek, Warren county, Illinois. Burlington 
Limestone, of subcarboniferous series. 


ZEACRINUS PLANOBRACHIATUS.—Body small, depressed, basin-shaped, concave 
below, rapidly expanding upwards, composed of apparently smooth plates, 
connected by moderately distinct sutures. Base small, and placed within the 
concavity of the under side; columnar facet very small. Subradial pieces 
as wide as long, or a littte wider, four pentagonal, and one on the anal side 
hexagonal, having one angle slightly truncated. First radial pieces wider than 
long, expanding from the base, pentagonal, the upper side being horizontally 
truncated, and longer than either of the others. Second radial pieces nearly 
as large as the first, presenting a triangular outline (in the posterior and lateral 
rays), the lateral angles being probably truncated; supporting on their 
superior lateral sloping sides the first divisions of the arms. First anal plate 
narrow below, and wedged down obliquely between one of the subradials and 
the inferior sloping side of a second radial; supporting another piece on its 
left superior sloping side, and apparently a smaller one on its narrow truncated 
upper extremity. 

The arms are rather flattened on the outer side, and after the first division 
on the second radial pieces (those seen), bifurcate again on the fifth and sixth 
pieces. Beyond this they are entirely simple, and composed of a single series 
of pieces, which are slightly wider than long, and alternately longer and 
shorter on opposite sides. On the longer side they project a little above, for 

ue reception of the tentacles, which are composed of joints nearly twice as 
long as wide. 

Height from base to summit of first radials, 0°13 inch; breadth at the top of 
first radials, 0°27 inch ; length of arms, from their division on the second radial 
pieces, about 0-94 inch ; length to bifurcation on the sixth piece, 0-19 inch. 

Locality and position. Monroe county, Illinois. Keokuk Limestone of lower 
carboniferous series. 


Genus CYATHOCRINUS Miller. 


CyaTHocrinus Sarrorpi.—Body subglobose, wider than high, the broadest 
part being below the middle, unsymmetrical, the anal side being longest, and 
most gibbous; composed of thin, smooth plates, joined by slightly raised, 
linear sutures. Base of moderate size, irregularly pentagonal, flat, or so slightly 
convex as to be scarcely seen in a lateral view, consisting of unequal, sub- 
hexagonal plates, the lateral and outer margins of which are nearly equal, 
while the side next the column is so short as to appear to terminate in an 


1860.] 


392 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


angle; columnar facet very small, and slightly projecting. Subradiai plates 
rather large, wider than high, four of them hexagonal (the inferior angle being 
very obtuse or nearly obsolete), and one on the anal side, which is considerably 
larger than the others, irregularly heptagonal. First radial plates about the 
size of the subradials, somewhat unequal, hexagonal, generally wider thar 
long, and tapering upward from the inferior lateral angles, bordered above by 
a slender, slightly reflexed rim; sinus in the superior edge, for the reception 
of the second radial piece, small. Anal plate small, about as wide as high, 
quadrangular, and, like the first radials, provided with a marginal rim ; not pro- 
jecting above the radial plates on each side of it. 

Height to summit of first radials, 0-44 inch; greatest breadth, 0°67 inch ; 
breadth of base, 0°45 inch. 

Dedicated to Prof. Safford, State Geologist of Tennessee. 

Locality and position. White's creek, Tennessee. Keokuk Limestone. 


CYATHOCRINUS ? SANGAMONENSIS.—Body beneath the summit of the first radial 
pieces semi-ovate, composed of thick, moderately convex, smooth plates, which 
are joined by strongly defined punctured sutures. Base pentagonal, equalling 
about half the breadth of the body, convex, and formed of equal pentagonal 
pieces, which are a little wider than long; columnar facet round, deep, and 
about one-third as wide as the base. Subradial pieces large, as wide as long; 
three of them hexagonal, with their superior sloping sides slightly longer than 
their lateral margins, which are longer than the basal edges; and the other 
two heptagonal, with unequal sides. First radials wider and shorter than the 
subradial pieces, about twice as wide as high, pentagonal, and of nearly equal 
size and form; their upper sides being horizontally truncate, straight or slightly 
concave, and considerably longer than either of the basal sides, which are 
much longer than the vertical lateral edges. 

The anal plate is comparatively small, longer than wide, and projects some- 
what above the summit of the first radials. It seems to be irregularly hepta- 
gonal or octagonal, but the exact form of its upper extremity is not distinctly 
seen in our specimen. Its base rests upon the short upper truncated extremity 
of one of the irregular heptagonal subradial plates, while on either side it con- 
nects with the first radials, and is supported on its right inferior sloping mar- 
gin by a large oblong quadrangular subanal piece. This subanal plate is 
larger than the anal piece, and rests upon the superior sloping edges of the two 
heptagonal subradials, while its upper oblique side supports one of the inferior 
sloping sides of the first radial plates, on the right of the first anal piece. 
Arms, summit, and column uoknown. : 

Height from the base to top of first radial pieces, 0°94 inch; breadth about 

-25 inches ; diameter of columnar facet, 0-24 inch ; breadth of base, 0-64 inch; 
height and breadth of subradials, 0.60 inch; height of first radials, 0°36 to 
0°40 inch ; breadth of do. about 0-68 inch. 

Locality and position. Sugar creek, Sangamon county, Illinois. Upper Coal 
Measures. 

CyaTHocrinus? crassus.—Body below the summit of the first radial plates 
depressed, or basin-shaped, about twice as wide as high, rounded or subtrun- 
cate below, ard composed of smooth, strong, thick, slightly convex plates, 
which are joined by well defined, punctate sutures. Base very small, or about 
one-fourth the breadth of the body, pentagonal, concave, and apparently nearly 
hidden by the column. Subradial plates a little wider than high, extending at 
first nearly horizontally outwards from the base, after which they curve 
obliquely upwards, four of them hexagonal, and one on the anal side hepta- 
gonal; the angle at the middle of the base of each being but slightly salient. 
First radial plates larger than the subradials, nearly twice as wide as high, 
truncated horizontally, and nearly or quite straight on the upper side, which 
is longer than the inferior sloping edges ; four of them pentagonal, and one on 
the left of the anal piece hexagonal. 


[Sept. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 393 


The anal piece is small, apparently pentagonal, and projects distinctly above 
the summit of the first radials, with which it connects on each side. Instead 
of resting directly upon the upper side of one of the subradials, it is supported 
on the upper slightly oblique truncated extremity of a very large pentagonal 
subanal piece, which rests upon the upper sloping sides of two subradial 
pieces, and supports the inferior sloping edge of a first radial plate on each of 
its oblique lateral margins. 

Height from the base to the top of the first radial pieces, 0-45 inch; breadth, 
0-90 inch ; breadth of base, 0-23 inch ; length of subradials, 0-36 inch; breadth 
of do. from 0°36 to (40 inch ; length of first radials, from 0-28 to 0-30 inch ; 
breadth of do. from 0°35 to 0-49 inch. 

This, and the last species, together with such forms of C. spurious, C. inter- 
medius, and C.? pentalobus, Hall, should probably form a subgenus, bearing 
close relations both to Poteriocrinus and Cyathocrinus. 

Locality and position. Ovan, Fulton county, Illinois. Lower Coal Measures. 


CyaTHocrinus scituLus.—Body below the summit of the first radial plates 
basin-shaped, about twice as wide as high, and truncated at the base, from 
which it expands rapidly upward; composed of thick, strong, subgranular 
plates, which are very convex in the middle, and deeply excavated at the 
corners ; sutures moderately distinct. Base small, flat or truncate, on a plane 
with the prominent portion of the subradials, so as not to be seen ina side 
view ; columnar facet a little concave, occupying about two-thirds the area of 
the base, and perforated by a central opening equal to one-third its own 
diameter. Subradial pieces about as wide as long, directed obliquely outward 
and upward from the base; four of them pentagonal and one hexagonal, there 
being no visible angle at the middle of the under side in any of them. First 
radials much larger than the subradial pieces, about twice as wide as high, 
unequal, two on the anal side being shorter than the others; all pentagonal, 
distinctly truncate, and a little concave above, the upper side being much 
longer than either of the others ; superior angles also slightly truncated for the 
reception of small interradials. Anal piece small, subquadrangular, widening 
from the base upwards, and projecting above the first radials. 

The very prominent central portions of the subradial pieces are truncated 
below, on a plane with the base, and project out horizontally from it in such 
a manner as to form with the base a distinct five-rayed star, as seen from 
below. From near the middle of each subradial, there is a rather obscure 
angular ridge extending slong each side of its prominent central portion to the 
basal pieces, and another connecting with a similar ridge near the edge of each 
first radial plate above. From the obliqueness of the upper truncated side of 
the first radial pieces, it is manifest that the other radials must have extended 
very obliquely outward from them. 

Height to summit of first radials, 0°32 inch; breadth 0°66 inch; breadth of 
base, 0-21 inch ; length of subradials, 0-21 inch; length of largest first radial 


pieces, 0-20 inch ; breadth of do. 0-36. 
Locality and position. Burlington, Iowa. Burlington Limestone of subcar- 


boniferous series. 

CYATHOCRINUS ANGULATUS.—Body of medium size, somewhat basin-shaped 
below the arms, wider than high, truncated below, and rapidly expanding 
upwards; composed of very thick, nearly smooth, tumid, angular plates, which 
are united by distinct sutures. Base small, and apparently projecting a little 
below the base of the subradials. Subradial plates as wide as high, four of 
them pentagonal, and one on the anal side hexagonal, there being no visible 
angle in the middle of any of them below. First radials larger than the sub- 
radial pieces, about twice as wide as long, pentagonal, or subheptagonal, the 
upper angles being sometimes slightly truncated; all broadly truncate, and a 
little concave above. Second radial pieces extremely short, but differing 


1860.] 27 


394 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


somewhat in length. Third radials larger than the first, considerably wider 
than long, unequal, and presenting a triangular outline, the under side being 
longer than either of the others; supporting on their superior sloping sides 
the first divisions of the arms. Anal piece smaller than the subradials, a little 
narrower below than above, apparently pentagonal, though the upper side is 
not distinctly visible in the specimen described; extending partly above the 
summit of the first radial plates. 

The arms are large, rounded, apparently simple, after the division on the 
third radial piece, and compased of a singie series of pieces, which are wider 
than long, and alternately a little longer and shorter on the opposite sides. 

The plates below the second radial series are remarkable for their thickness, 
and tumid, angular character, though the angles are not acute. On the sub- 
radials two of these angles or ridges pass from the middle to the base, nearly 
parallel to each other, and one to each of the first radial pieces above. On the 
first radials there are two of these angles, both of which pass from above 
obliquely to the base, where they connect with those on the subradial pieces, 
giving to each first radial a bilobate appearance, 

Locality and position. Nauvoo, Illinois. Keokuk Limestone of lower car- 
boniferous series. 


Genus POTERIOCRINUS, Miller. 


PoTERIOCRINUS (SCAPHIOCRINUS) DECADACTYLUS.—Body rather small, broad, 
obconical below the arms, expanding rapidly from the base; plates somewhat 
thick, nearly smooth, not convex, and connected by moderately distinct 
sutures. Base small, convex, or about half as high as wide, pentagonal in out- 
line as seen from below, the upper angles of the plates being rather salient. 
Subradial plates somewhat unequal, a little wider than long, four of them 
hexagonal, and one on the anal side heptagonal; the upper sloping sides in all 
longer than those beneath, which are longer than the lateral margins. First 
radial plates about twice as long as the smaller of the subradials, four of them 
pentagonal, and one hexagonal, all wider than long, and wider on the upper 
horizontally truncate side than either of the others. Second radials about the 
size of the first, pentagonal, a little wider than high, truncated below, and pro- 
vided with a salient angle in the middle above; supporting the arms on their 
superior sloping sides, which are longer than the lateral margins. 

The first anal plate is large, or equalling some of the subradials in size. It 
is irregularly hexagonal in form, and rests between the superior sloping sides 
of two of the subradials, supporting on its right (longest) sloping side an in- 
ferior edge of one of the first radial pieces, and connecting on the left 
by a short vertical edge, with another first radial plate. On its upper sides it 
supports two smaller pieces in the second range, the exact form of which can- 
not be made out in the specimen examined. 

The arms are long, large, and robust, subcylindrical, rather unequal, and 
appear to be all simple from their division on the second radial piece. They 
are entirely composed of a single series of pieces, a few of the first of which 
are longer than the others, and alternately longer and shorter on opposite 
sides; further up they are more regular, and shorter than wide. The 
column is rather small, or less than the diameter of the largest arms; itis 
round, and composed of thin, slightly unequal segments near the body. Iis 
central cavity is small, and presents a regular pentapetalous section. 

Height of body from base to the summit of second radials, 0:48 inch; breadth 
about 0°47; length of arms, apparently not less than 2-50 inches; breadth of 
do. from 0:11 inch to 0-16 inch. 

Locality and position. Appanoose, Hancock county, Illinois. Keokuk Lime- 
stone, of subcarboniferous series. 


PoTERIOCRINUS SWALLOVI.—Body of medium size, obconical, or tapering regu- 
larly from above to its connection with the column; composed of smooth, 


[Sept. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 395 


nearly flat plates, which are connected by moderately distinct sutures. Base 
basin-shaped, truncate below, and expanding gradually upward, about half as 
high as wide, and composed of nearly equal pentagonal pieces; columnar facet 
large, concave, without a projecting marginal rim, pierced by a pentapetalous 
central opening, less than one-third the diameter of the column. Subradial 
plates unequal, some of themas long as wide, and others wider than long, 
three hexagonal, and two of the larger ones on the anal side, heptagonal, 
First radials rather smaller than the subradial pieces, all wider than high, 
pentagonal, somewhat unequal, and horizontally truncate above, the upper 
side being longer than either of the inferior sloping sides, which are longer 
than the lateral margins. Second radial pieces very short, apparently sub- 
quadrangular. Third radials short, or about three times as wide as high, pen- 
tagonal, and supporting on their superior sloping sides the main divisions of 
the arms. 

The first anal piece is pentagonal, and rests between the two upper sloping 
sides of two subradials. On the right it supports one inferior sloping edge of 
a first radial plate, and connects with another anal plate on the left, which 
rests on the superior truncated end of one of the subradials. Both of these 
anal pieces are truncated above, and surmounted by two others, the former of 
which cannot be made out in the specimen described. 

The arms are very long, robust, rounded, and after the first division on the 
third radial piece, bifurcate again on the eighth, ninth, and eleventh pieces, 
in three of the arms examined, above which they seem to be simple, and are 
each composed of a single series of pieces. The column is composed, near the 
body, of firmly anchylosed pieces, the sutures of which are not visible 0-20 inch 
below its connection with the base. Its central cavity presents, in a transverse 
section, the same pentapetalous form as the perforation of the base. 

Length from base to summit of third radial plates, 0-79 inch; breadth 
about 0-62 inch; breadth of base, 0-38 inch; height of do. 0-19 inch; length of 
arms, about 3:50 inches. 

Named in honor of Prof. G. C. Swallow, State Geologist of Missouri. 

Locality and position. Burlington, lowa. Burlington Limestone of the sub- 
carboniferous series. 


ECHINOIDEA. 
Genus ARCHOCIDARIS, McCoy. 


ARCHOCIDARIS MUCRONATUS.—The only specimens of this species yet obtained, 
consist of detached primary spines, and a few of the interambulacral plates. 
The plates are hexagonal, wider than long, and apparently nearly smooth, or 
only ornamented by a single row of small tubercles around the margin. Cen- 
tral tubercle prominent, and nearly equalling one-third the greater diameter 
of the plate, most elevated in the middle, which has a small central pit, and 
is separated from its surrounding lower margin by a distinct annular groove. 

Primary spines long, tapering, a little compressed, or nearly round, and 
very slightly curved above the articulating extremity, near which they swell 
out so as to form a distinct, smooth, somewhat angular ring ; from this to the 
articulating end, they contract abruptly ; pointed at the upper extremity, and 
armed by rather strong, sharp, but short lateral spinules, which are directed 
obliquely outwards and upwards. Even under a magnifier the entire surface 
generally appears to be smooth, but when a well preserved specimen is ex- 
amined with a good lens, in a favorable light, it is seen to be marked by ex- 
tremely fine, obscure, closely arranged, longitudinal strie. The articulating 
end is distinctly perforated, and transverse sections show the central cavity 
to be comparatively large for some distance above. 

Length of one of the interambulacral plates, 0°50 inch; breadth of do. 0°35 
inch. Length of primary spine, 2°62 inches ; greatest diameter of same above 


1860.] 


596 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


the head, 0°17 inch; diameter of head, 0°22 inch; length of lateral spinules, 
0:10 inch. 

Locality and position. Liberty, Randolph county, Illinois. Upper bed of 
Chester Limestone. Lower carboniferous series. 


Genus PALASCHINUS, MeCoy. 


PALZCHINUS BURLINGTONENSIS.—The only specimen of this species we have 
yet seen is too imperfect to show the exact form of the entire fossil, though 
it seems to have been nearly spherical. It has four to five ranges of interam- 
bulacral plates near the middle of each area, and they decrease in number to 
three, two, and apparently at last to one at each extremity. The inner pieces 
are wider than long, and regularly hexagonal, excepting near the upper and 
lower extremities of the spaces, where they are about as long as wide, and 
occasionally pentagonal; those of the outer ranges are all pentagonal, their 
outer margins being truncate, and crenulated for the reception of the small 
ambulaeral pieces. 

The ambulacra are narrow, or about as wide as the first range of interam- 
bulacral plates on either side, slightly convex aiong the middle, and a little 
concave at the margins. They are composed of a doable alternating series of 
very small pieces, which are two or three times as wide as long ; about five to 
seven of them equalling the height of each contiguous interambulacral 
plate. They are each pierced by two small rounded pores near the outer 
margin, and all of nearly uniform size towards the extremities of the 
ambulacral areas, but in the central or widest part they become alternately 
wider at the inner and outer extremities; those having their narrower end 
outwards often wedging out to a point between the others before reaching the 
margin of the ambulacral space. 

The surface of all the plates is ornamented by numerous regularly arranged 
granules, two of which occupy the inner half of each ambulacral piece. 

As near as can be determined from our specimen, it must have been, when 
entire, not less than 2°25 inches in length, and about 2 inches in breadth. 
The largest interambulacral plates are 0°19 inch wide, and 0°17 inch in height ; 
breadth of widest part of ambulacra. 

Locality and position. Burlington, Iowa. Burlington Limestone of the lower 
earboniferons series. 

Genus MELONITES, Owen and Norwood. 


All the published figures of Melonites multipora, the type, and hitherto the 
only known species of this genus, give a very incorrect idea of the form and 
arrangement of its ambulacral pieces and pores. The three lateral series of 
these pieces on each side of the two middle ranges, instead of being as repre- 
sented, composed two of quadrangular, and one of pentagonal pieces, placed 
in oblique transverse rows, and mounted one upon another se as to form at 
the same time regular longitudinal ranges, are made up of irregular alter- 
nating unequal pieces of various forms. They are also wedged in between 
each other in such manner, and so interrupted by small intercalated pieces, 
not properly belonging to either range, that it becomes very difficult to deter- 
mine whether we should count them as four or as five rows, on each side of the 
mesial suture; or, in other words, as eight or ten rows to each ambulacrum. 
The same irregularity also occurs in the pores, which are round, in closely 
approximated pairs, and not arranged in regular longitudinal or transverse 
lines, but so as to show a tendency to assume a quincunx arrangement. 

Should the genus of Polypi, to which Lamarck first applied the name Melonites, 
be retained, it will become necessary to give another name to the group now 
under consideration, in which case we would propose to call it Melonechinus. 
Although related to Palechinus of McCoy, this genus is clearly separated by 
the numb er and arrangement of its ambulacral pieces and pores, as well as by 


[Sept. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 397 


its more numerous and greatly thicker interambulacral plates. The much 
broader and more deeply sulcated ambulacral areas of the two species now 
known, also give them a peculiar melon-like form, quite unlike any of the 
known species of Palechinus. 


Metonites Dana.—Test large, subglobose, apparently slightly longer than 
wide. Interambulacral areas lance-oval in form, convex, and occupied by 
eight ranges of plates near the middle, where all, excepting those of the two 
outer ranges are a little wider than high, and regularly hexagonal; towards 
the upper and lower extremities of these spaces, the plates diminish in size 
and numbers, and become proportionally higher, a few of them assuming a 
pentagonal, or even a rhombic quadrangular outline. Those of the two lateral 
ranges all subpentagonal, their outer margins being somewhat rounded, 
and more or less indented for the reception of the outer extremities of the 
small ambulacral pieces. Plates apparently all of uniform thickness, the 
larger ones being about as thick as high, while the thickness of the smaller 
greatly exceeds their diameter in any other direction. Ambulacral areas 
about half as wide as the interambulacral spaces, convex in the middle, and 
broadly, as well as rather deeply sulcate along each side. Ambulacral pieces 
in four ranges, with some irregular intercalated smaller pieces between ; those 
of the different ranges alternating, and all wider than high, as well as quite 
irregularin form and size. Those composing the two inner ranges generally 
four or five times as wide as high, but varying considerably in height. Usually 
about four to five of the outer ranges, (which are of the same height, but only 
half as wide as the inner, ) equal the height of each of the contiguous lateral 
interambulacral plates. 

The intercalated pieces start from the zigzag suture between the two outer 
ranges of ambulacral pieces, and extend outward and inward between them, 
but wedge out, or terminate abruptly, before reaching the outer margins, 
or the middle of the ambulacral areas. The pores are in pairs, two to each 
piece, and arranged in four double rows, two on each side of the mesial 
ridge or convexity of each ambulacrum. The entire surface is ornamented 
by regularly disposed granules, about twenty to thirty-five of which may be 
counted on each of the larger interambulacral plates, and as many, in propor- 
tion to size, on each of the smaller ones, including the ambulacral pieces. 

Height, 4 inches ; breadth, about 3°80 inches ; breadth of one of the largest 
interambulacral plates, 0°24 inch; height of do. 0°18 inch; thickening, 0°17 
inch. 

This species attains about the same size as, and very closely resembles, Melo- 
nites multipora of Owen and Norwood, but may be at once distinguished by 
having only four rows of ambulacral pieces, and four double ranges of pores, 
while 1. multipora has uniformly double this number, both of pieces, and of 
ranges of pores. 

We take great pleasure in dedicating this noble echinoid to Prof. James D. 
Dana, of New Haven, Connecticut, one of the most profoundly learned of 
living savans. 

Locality and position. Jersey county, near Warsaw, Illinois. Keokuk 
division of the subearboniferous series. 


Observations upon the Form of the Occiput in the various Races of Men. 
BY J. AITKEN MEIGS, M. D. 


In 1857, the collection of Human Crania in the Museum of the Academy of 
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, contained 1,045 specimens of many different 
races of men. Since that time, by presentation, deposit and exchange, this total 
has been increased to 1,125. Eighty additions, therefore, have been made 
during the past three years. Of this number 27 are North American Indians ; 


1860.) 


398 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


2 Araucanians; 25 Peruvians; 4 Chinese; 9 Sandwich Islanders; 2 Mar- 
quesans; 1 Feejee; 2 Swedes; 2 Thugs; 1 Hindoo; 1 Tchuktchi; 1 Ice- 
lander; 1 Cossack and 2 Negroes. 

The donors and depositors of these crania are Drs. W.S. W. Ruschenberger, 
Thomas J. Turner, J. E. Semple, and H, B. Trist, of the United States Navy ; 
Drs. E. H. Abaddie and J. Letterman, of the United States Army; Prof. Wm. 
A. Hammond, Drs. J Dickson Bruns, J. H. Slack, J. Clifford Parker, J. B. 8. 
Jackson, and Messrs. George Gibbs, John Biddle, N. P. Buckley, Charles C. 
Abbott, and the writer of this article. 

Forty-six of these crania were procured—some of them with considerable 
difficulty—by my enterprising friend and former school-mate, Passed Assistant 
Surgeon Thomas J. Turner, chiefly during his cruise in the Pacific. It affords 
me much pleasure to acknowledge, thus publicly, the value of his indefatiga- 
ble and intelligent efforts to promote the interests of craniographic science. 
The thanks of those interested in this important branch of knowledge are also 
due to the gentlemen whose names are mentioned above. 

Chiefly upon this collection, thus increased in the number and ethnical 
variety of its specimens, are based the following observations, which, in their 
general scope and tendency, may be regarded as a continuation of the leading 
inquiry started in my paper on the Jerusalem skull, which was published in 
the Proceedings of the Academy for September, 1859. 

That inquiry, it may be remembered, was to ascertain whether from the 
form of the entire skull, or of some characteristic part of it, the race as well 
as the type to which any particular cranium belonged, could be definitely 
determined. As the basis of this inquiry, a fragmentary head was selected, 
having a very peculiar occipital conformation, but whose ethnical origin was 
wholly unknown. This cranium was subjected to a severe critical analysis 
and comparison with other heads in the collection. In the course of this 
comparison, whose leading results have already been communicated to the 
Academy, the following observations were made, and are now brought forward 
as another contribution to the sum of recorded human knowledge, and an 
additional step towards the emancipation of Ethnology from the dogmatism 
and conjectural assertion with which a host of pseudo-scientific writers have 
so industriously surrounded it, in their ill-advised attempts to solve definitely 
certain great questions concerning the origin and primitive afiiliations of the 
races of men. 

In the very front rank of ethnological inquiry stands Craniography. As 
the epitome, not of the skeleton merely, but also of the entire physical man, 
the cranium, by some of the best observers and profoundest thinkers of 
modern times, has justly been regarded as capable of furnishing valuable 
information concerning the zoological relations of the different races of men. 
This conviction animates the ‘‘Cephalogenesis’’ of Spix, the ‘‘ Decades 
Craniorum’’ of Blumenbach, the numerous and important craniological 
papers of Retzius, the ‘‘Tabule Craniorum’”’ of Sandifort, the ‘‘ Crania 
Americana’’ and ‘‘Crania Agyptiaca’’ of Morton, the ‘‘ Atlas der Cranio- 
scopie’’ of Carus, the ‘‘Crania Britannica’’ of Davis and Thurnam, the 
‘*Organischen Formenlehre’”’ of Luce, the ‘‘Schedel, Hirn und Seele des 
Menschen und der Thiere’”’ of Huschke, the ‘‘Crania Selecta’’ of K. E. Von 
Baer, and most recently of all the ‘‘Catalogus Craniorum Diversarum 
Gentium ’’ of Prof. J. Van der Hoeven, of Leyden, well known as an able 
observer and a zealous cultivator of the natural history of man. 

It must be confessed, however, that owing to the limited number of speci- 
mens in the various cranial collections, and the genealogical uncertainty 
which surrounds many of those which have been figured and described by 
different observers, craniography can, as yet, boast of but few established 
principles. The cranial descriptions published by Blumenbach and many of 
his successors are entirely too brief and vague for the purposes of that exact 


[Sept. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 399 


and minute comparison, which alone can lead to any really important results. 
Before the deeply interesting and complicated questions of ethnology can 
receive much light from craniography, the latter must furnish extensive com- 
parisons of the heads of different races of men, not in respect to their general 
form only, but with reference to the exact conformation and minute anatomical 
peculiarities of each of the several natural regions of the skull—the crown, 
base, occiput, facial and lateral aspects. Convinced of the truthfulness of 
this statement, I have attempted, in the following pages, a comparison of the 
heads in the Morton collection, with reference to their occipital peculiarities 
only, hoping, at some future time, as leisure permits, to institute, in like 
manner, a comparison of these heads with regard to their coronal, basal, 
facial and lateral characters successively. 


A peculiar flattening of the upper or parietal portion of the occipital re- 
gion characterizes the heads of Norwegians (1260),* Swedish peasants (117, 
1247, 1249, 1258, 1486 to 1488), Finland, Sédermannland, Turannic and 
Cimbric Swedes (1545 to 1549, 121, 1532, 1550, 1362), Ostrogoths (1255), 
and Swedish Finns (1542 to 1544). From about the middle of the sagittal 
suture the parietal bones slope or shelve away posteriorly, so as to form an 
inclined plane, which modifies or interrupts the regular ovoidal form of the 
head, and terminates, in most instances, at the lambdoidal suture, or a little 
below it, on the superior portion of the os occipitis.+ The occipital protuber- 
ance in all these crania is very well marked; and in some, apparently ex- 
aggerated by the peculiarity above mentioned. In the two ‘‘ ancient Cimbric ”’ 
skulls (1532, 1550), in a very old Cimbrian head (1362), from the Danish 
island of Méen, in the Baltic, and in the crania of an Ostrogoth (1255), and 
a Swedish woman of the 13th century (1249), the knob-like protuberance of 
the occiput gives to the calvaria a peculiarly elongated and kumbe-kephalic 
or boat-shaped form. This occipital prominence is also seen in a fragmentary 
Burgundian head (1533), from a tomb near Lausanne, in Switzerland, but is 
not so well marked. 

From the investigations of Prof. Nilsson, it would appear that the aborigines 
of Scandinavia, had ‘‘short heads, with broad and flattened occiputs,’’?— 
features exhibited by other ancient people, such as the Lapps and Samoiedes, 
the Iberians or Basques of the Pyrenees, and the mysterious Pelasgi, whose 
traces are still found in Greece. The short-headed race of Scandinavia appears 
to have been followed by another race of men, whose skulls were charac- 
terized by prominent and narrow occiputs.{ The hind-head of a large 
Danish cranium, figured by Nilsson,§ after Eschricht, of Copenhagen, is full 
and rounded. 

In the skulls of ‘‘true Finns’? (1534 to 1541, 1252, 1259), the occiput 
is neither prominent nor depressed, but flatly round, and in keeping, there- 
fore, with the general globularity of the head. The Finnic cranial type 
appears to be preserved in its greatest purity among the primitive inhabitants 
of Esthonia. Dr. Hueck, in describing the head of an Esthonian, says, that 


_ 


*The nnmbers inclosed in brackets are those by which the skulls are designated in 


my Catalogue of Human Crania in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences 
of Philadelphia. 


+ his conformation also pertains to the Greenland, Scandinavian and Cretin skulls, 
figured in Tables 3, 4 and 6, of Carus’ Atlas der Cranioscopie, Heft 1. | find it also more 
or Jess strongly pronounced in the crania represented in 'l'ables 3, 4, 8 and 9, (Schiideln 
abnormer Form), and 1, 3, 6, 9,10 and 11, (Schedeln bekannter Personen) of the Archi- 
tectur des Menschenschidels, of Dr. Luce. 

t Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, for 1847, p. 31, 


2Skandinaviska Nordens Urinvanare, ett férsék i comparativa Ethnographien af S. 
Nilsson, Phil. Dr. etc., Chiistianstad, 1838, i. Hiftel, plate D, fig. 10. 


1860.] 


490 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


the occiput, in the region of the superior linea semicircularis, is strongly 
arched, both posteriorly and towards the sides.* 

The well-characterized Norwegian and Swedish skulls in the Museum of 
the Academy have the basal portion of the occipital region quite flat, and 
parallel with the horizon, when the head rests squarely upon the lower jaw. 
The lower part of the occiput in the German heads is more prominent than 
in the Finns, less than in the Swedes, and still less than in the Cimbri: 
while the upper part is less flat than in the Swedes. The occipital region of 
the German skull, in point of conformation, occupies a place intermediate 
between that of the Swedes and Finns, 

In the skull of a Dutchman (434), born in Utrecht, the posterior or occi- 
pital region is flat and broad, and presents to the eye a somewhat pentagonal 
outline. 

The Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-American crania, though, like the Swedes, 
longer than the Germanic and Finnic skulls, have nearly the same rounded 
occiput as these latter. The parietalia of an Anglo-Saxon skull, figured in 
the first Decade of Crania Britannica, incline downwards and backwards 
towards the occiput, as in the Norwegian cast referred to above. The occi- 
pital bone is full and rounded, and has a considerable projection posteriorly. 

Most of the skulls in the collection, marked ‘‘Celtic Irish,’’ exhibit the 
same downward and backward inclination of the upper or parietal portion of 
the occipital region as described above. The occiput of No. 18 has the same 
boat-like shape as that of the Ostrogoth (1255) and the Cimbri (1532, &e). 
The occipital region of No. 42 differs from that of the preceding in being a 
little fuller. The same shelving of the upper occipital region is also present 
in Nos. 52 and 1186. It is also exhibited, though less markedly, in No. 
1356, and still less in No. 985; while in No. 986, the occipital type approxi- _ 
mates the Swedish form, being rounder, fuller, less inclined, and having the 
protuberance not so prominent. In several respects these skulls correspond 
with those found in the cromlechs or sepulchral mounds of Ireland, and 
described by Mr. Wilde as possessing the projecting occiput, which charac- 
terizes the dolicho-kephalic crania, found in ancient Danish tumuli. It would 
thus seem that the earliest inhabitants of Ireland, like those of Scandinavia, 
had short heads and flattened occiputs, while the people who succeeded 
them were remarkable for long, oval heads and prominent occiputs. Wilson 
and Bateman, on the contrary, have concluded, from their investigations, that 
the primitive people of Scotland and England possessed long, kumbe-kephalic 
or boat-shaped heads, peculiarly characterized by a narrow prolongation ot 
the occiput in the region of the cerebellum. Prof. D. Wilson is inclined to 
regard this peculiar form of the hind-head as diagnostic of the primitive 
Caledonians. I find it equally well pronounced, however, in two Egyptian 
skulls (Nos. 837, 838), from the Pyramid of Five Steps, at Saccara. 

In an ancient Briton, of the brachy-kephalic type, figured in Crania 
Britannica, the ‘‘ occipital bone is somewhat full above the protuberance, 
which, itself, is strongly marked.”’ In another ancient Briton, belonging to the 
dolicho-kephalic class, and represented and described in the same work, the 
occiput is full, prominent and rounded, and presents a strongly-marked 
transverse ridge. 

Three oblong skulls from the catacombs of Paris (661, 662 and 663), have 
the occiput flattened almost vertically. In No. 663, the upper part of the os 
occipitis presents a lozenge-shaped prominence, which, though flattened itself, 
somewhat destroys or interrupts the general perpendicularity of the back part 
of the head. No. 664, also from the catacombs, is a brachy-kephalic head, with 
a markedly perpendicular and wall-like flatness of the occiput. This head, I 
am inclined to think, is that of a Basque or Iberian of the Pyrenees. 

There are no Spanish skulls in the Academy’s collection. The private 


* De Craniis Estonum Commentatio Anthropologica, etc., p. 7. 


[Sept. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 401 


collection of Prof. Van der Hoeven contains several from Grenada, Catalonia, 
&e. Of one of these, No. 31, he writes in his catalogue,* ‘‘ Occipitis pars 
superior gibba,’’ and of another, No. 32, ‘‘os occipitis supra gibbum.’’ In 
describing a Lusitanian skull, he says, ‘‘ Occiput gibbum; line semicircu- 
lares et protuberantia occipitalis vix distincta.”’ 

In the asymmetrical Sclavonian skull from Olmutz in Moravia (1251), and in 
No. 1253, a Sclave from Morlack in Dalmatia, the occiput is flatly globular or 
truncated. Ifclassified according to its form, No. 1251 might be placed between 
the Turkish and Kalmuck types. 

Ina Polish skull in Prof. Van der Hoeven’s collection, the occipital region 
is prominent at the apex of the lambdoidal suture. The occiput of another 
Poland skull is-broad and gibbous in the upper portion. 

In the Turkish skull figured by Blumenbach (table 2) the external 
occipital protuberance is but little developed, so that there seems to be no 
occiput. Two Turkish skulls obtained from a burial ground at Scutari, and 
described by Dr. Williamson,} have a rounded occiput. 

In a Cossack skull (133) from Balaklava, the occiput is broad and very 
flat. 

In the Hungarian cranium, according to Edwards, t the back of the head ap- 
pears flat, forming almost a straight line with the nape of the neck, 

A east of the skull of a young Greek (1354), exhibits a moderately full and 
rounded occiput. Inthe Greek skulls, inthe Chatham collection, the ‘‘ occiput 
is well rounded, and does not, in general, project ; the space for the downward 
projection of the brain in the occipital region is well developed.”’ 

The cranium of a Roman pretorian soldier, figured by Blumenbach,§ has the 
external occipital protuberance very broad and prominent. In the skull of a 
Roman soldier, || taken from an ancient cemetery at York, the occiput is broad 
and rounded, and the protuberance rather prominent. So also in the Roman 
cranium described by Dr, Thurnam,1 the occipital bone is full and prominent, 
especially in its upper half. 

In an Etruscan skull in the Galerie Anthropologique at Paris, the occiput is 
full and rounded.** 

The general form of the occipital region of the so-called Phcenician skull 
(1352) is like that of the Norwegian. In the latter, however, the external 
occipital protuberance, and the superior curved line are strongly pronounced ; 
in the former the skull is quite smooth at this place. 

All the Circassian skulls exhibit great fulness of the occipital protuberance. 
The upper part of the hind-head is flat. The occiput as a whole is rounded in 
the Armenian skull, No. 789, and in this respect is like the Persian skull, No. 
731. Nos. 790, 791, 792 (Armenian) are longer and more angular heads, and 
owing to the prominence of the occipital protuberance, are more like the Cir- 
eassian skulls. In Nos. 792 and 794, also Armenian, the occiput is flatly 
round. The rather short and angular Parsee heads, exhibit a rounded occi- 
put—very well shown in No. 731, but less marked in No. 743, owing to the 
general prominence of the occipital bone. The form of the occipital region in 
the Affghan head, is like that of the Armenian and Circassian. 

The Baluchi and Affghan heads in the Chatham collection have the ‘‘ occiput 


* Catalogus Craniorum Diversarum Gentium que collegit, J. Van der Hoeven. Lugduni 
Batavorum, 1860. This valuable catalogue contains a brief account of 171 human 
crania and 39 casts, with the principal measurements of all tne skulls. 

+ Observations on the Human Crania contamed in the Museum of the Army Medical 
Department, Fort Pitt, Chatham. By George Williamson, M D., Dublin, 1857. 

{ Des Caractéres Physiologiques des Races Humaines. Par W. F. Edwards, 1829. 

2 Decades craniorum. Tab 32, 

|| Described by Retzius in Miiller’s Archiv. fiir Anat., Phys., ete. Jahr. 1849, p. 576. 

gq Crania Britannica, Decade I. 

** See Cranial Characteristics of the Races of Men, in Indigenous Races of the Earth, 
p. 313, for a drawing of this skull. 


1860.] 


402 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


well rounded, and the space for the downward development of the brain con- 
siderable.’? The occiput ofa Candahar skullis ‘‘ broad, flat and perpendicular, 
giving the skull something of the appearance of the flat-headed American In- 
diaus, although in a much less degree.’’ 

The Affghan head, as a whole, resembles, in several respects, the Hindoo 
type. 

The ancient Assyrian skull is full and rounded in the occipital region. 

The Egyptian skulls differ among themselves as regards the form of the oc- 
ciput. Of theseries termed ‘‘ Greco-Egyptians’’ by Dr. Morton, Nos. 799, 801, 
804, 812, $15, 821, 824, 856, 837, 838, 840 and 875, possess, in general, the 
same occipital form as is seen in the Swedish crania referred to above. Nos. 
798, 808, 814, 817, 825, 850, 859, 868, 873, 884 and 893 have.the occiput less 
ovoidal in shape and more rounded, owing to the external occipital protuber- 
ance being less prominent. These latter skulls are, in general, broader than 
the former, and exhibit a somewhat different configuration of the crown. 
The same difference is observable in the other groups of skulls representing 
the Egyptian race in the Academy’s collection. Thus of the Ancient Theban 
Egyptians, Nos. 48, 60, 844, 846, 855, 862, 876, 1044, 1293 and 1295 exhibit 
amore or less rounded occiput, while in Nos. 847, $48, 849, 851, 853, 854, 
860, 866, 867, 871, 880, 881, 882, 883, 887, 889, 894 and 1290, the occiput is 
either shelving, as in the Swedish skull, or elongated, owing to the great pro- 
tuberance of the occipital boss, as in the kumbe-kephalic crania above alluded 
to. According to Dr. Morton, No. 1044 may serve as a type of the genuine 
Egyptian conformation. He describes it as a long, oval cranium with a reced- 
ing forehead, gently aquiline nose, retracted chin, and a marked distance 
between the nose and mouth—features all characteristic of the monumental 
Egyptian. He makes noallusion, however, to the configuration of the occiput, 
which, as will be seen by referring to the wood cut on p.17 of ‘‘Crania Aigyp- 
tiaca,’’ or p. 38 of my Catalogue, is quite peculiar. Some idea of the variety of 
occipital forms among these Egyptian skulls, may be obtained by comparing 
together the wood cuts in my Catalogue representing Nos. 812, 878, 1044, 888 
and 877 of the collection. Dr. Morton’s descriptions of the Egyptian skulls 
are, in general, very brief. He seldom alludes to the shape of the occiput. 
He notices the ‘‘tumid’’ occiput of No. 871, and the ‘‘full’’ occiput of No. 867. 
The occipital region of Nos. 861 and 886 is intermediate in shape between the 
elongate and rounded forms. Of the ancient Egyptians from the Necropolis 
of Memphis, Nos. 1223, 1235, 1519, 1520, 1521 and 1522 possess a rounded occi- 
put. In all the rest the posterior part of the head is elongated and flattened 
superorly. This elongation is particularly well marked in Nos. 809, 810, 811, 
813, 1201, 1291, and also in No. 819 from Arabat el-Matfoon, the ancient 
Abydos. Inall these skulls the external occipital protuberance is exceedingly 
prominent. This statement applies also to three embalmed Egyptian heads 
found by Mr. Wm. A. Gliddon in a rock-tomb located about four miles west 
of the city of Alexandria, and belonging, probably, to the Ptolemaic era. 
Among the Memphite Egyptian skulls is one (No. 806) which is altogether 
peculiar and unlike the other heads of this series. It has a broad, low and 
flat occiput, while the coronal region is decidedly Gothic in its outline. All 
the crania obtained from the tombs opened by Prof. Lepsius at the base of the 
great Pyramid of Gizeh, are long, oval heads, with protuberant occiputs, 
flattened superiorly. Three Kens or ancient Nubians from the pits at Debdd, 
(827, 828, $29) exhibit the protuberant, shelving form of occiput. The hind 
head in No. 828 is exceedingly elongated. Dr. Morton speaks of the very full 
occiput of this skull. He makes no allusion to the occipital form in his 
descriptions of the others. The occiput of No. 826 is rounded. Two crania 
(830, 831) of ancient Egyptians, from the pits at Koum Ombos, have a rounded 
occiput. A third, No. 832, has the occiput superiorly flattened. The Acade- 
my’s collection contains four skulls of ancient Egyptians, obtained by the late 
Mr. G. R. Gliddon from the crocodile mummy-pits called Margaret-es-Sa- 


[Sept. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 403 


moun, behind the village of Maabdeh, and opposite to Manfaloot. Three of 
these, Nos. 854, 836 and 1292, have the shelving occiput; in the fourth, No. 
833, the occiput is rounded. Among the Egyptian skulls grouped in the 
Catalogue under the head of Miscellaneous, there is one (No. 822) which differs 
considerably in its general form and characters from the skulls with which it 
is associated. It was obtained by the late Mr. Gliddon from a tumulus at the 
Island of Beggeh, the ancient Senem, a sacred spot close to Phile in Nubia. 
Mr. Gliddon seems to have regarded this skull as that of ‘‘a pilgrim to the 
Temple.’’ The configuration of the crown is triangular, while the occiput is 
almost vertically flattened. Of the four other heads in this group, Nos. 802 
and 1240 possess the rounded form of occiput, while in Nos. 803 and 1317 the 
hind-head is superiorly flattened. 

The dolicho-kephalic Hebrew skulls in the collection, exhibit an occiput 
more or less regularly rounded, as is very well seen in Nos. 818, 842, 845, 
865 and 870. In the oblong and somewhat angular head, No. 807, the basal 
portion of the occiput is perceptibly flattened, and the occipital protuberance 
somewhat more prominent than in the other skulls of this group. 

In the Arab skulls the occiput is broad and flattened. In No. 781 the occipi- 
tal region is flattened superiorly, as in the Norwegian and Swedish crania, and 
the occipital protuberance quite prominent. In No. 784 the head widens out 
behind the mastoid processes, giving the occipital region a full and rounded 
appearance. In No. 780 the occiput is flattened. 

The Fellah skulls have very prominent occiputs, the occipital protuberance 
being more or less strongly marked. The Coptic skull exhibits great breadth 
and fulness of the whole posterior region. 

The occiput of the cast of an Abyssinian skull in the collection (1361) is 
quite prominent; the hind-head shelves downwards and backwards somewhat 
like that of the Swede. 

The occipital region of the Guanché cranium (23) is full and prominent. 

The Hindoo skulls in the collection, also vary in the form of the occipital 
region. Some of the Ayra, Brahminic or high caste heads of this group, such 
as Nos. 1329, 1331 and 1335 exhibit the Swedish form of occiput ; others (Nos. 
1330, 1384) the rounded shape. In four Thugs, the occipital configuration is 
intermediate between these two forms. In No. 1332 the occiput is almost 
vertically flattened. In 11 Bengalee crania, (Nos. 6, 25, 31, 81, 411, 413, 432, 
443, 444, 948 and 1312) the occiput is flatly round. In 21 others (Nos. 4, 5, 
8, 19, 20, 28, 32, 49, 51, 111, 410, 442, 547, 553, 554, 665, 1309, 1310, 1311, 
1344 and 1554) posterior part of the head is superiorly flattened and inclined. 
In No. 20 the whole os occipitis stands out very prominently, and is separated 
from the ossa parietalia by numerous wormian bones. This feature is also seen, 
to some extent, in Nos. 1309 and 1310. Such a form of the occiput is very well 
exhibited in plate 20, fig. 1, of the Atlas to Vimont’s Traité de Phrenologie 
Humaine et Comparee. In No. 29, a peculiar and asymmetrical skull, the 
occipital bone appears as if pressed from behind and beneath forwards and 
upwards. The hind-head of No. 1047 is almost vertically flattened. 

In certain crania from the Indian Peninsula, Dr. Williamson says that the 
posterior part of the skull is large, and the occiput prominent ; the space for 
the downward developement of the brain of moderate extent. Two Hindoos 
anda Thug have the occiput prominent. In five crania from Ceylon, the 
occiput is well rounded. 

There are thirteen Chinese skulls in the Academy’s collection. Of these, 
Nos. 94, 550, 669, 670, 1526, and 1527 exhibit the elongate, shelving form of 
occiput, very well represented in the wood-cut on p. 47 of my Catalogue of 
Human Crania. In Nos. 3, 56, 426, 427, and 1028, the occiput is rounded, 
and in No, 1336 vertically flattened. The Chinese crania in the Chatham 
Museum have the occiput rounded and not prominent. According to Blan- 
chard, in the Chinese skulls figured in Dumoutier’s Atlas, ‘‘la région occipi- 


1860.] 


404 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


tale s’étend peu en arriere.’? Blanchard informs us that this character is ex- 
hibited in many of the specimens of this race, contained in the anthropo- 
logical collection of the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris. In all these 
specimens he found the posterior part of the head a little less elongated than 
in the inhabitants of the Phillipine Islands.* 

In aJapanese skull (668) the hind-head is rounded; in two Loo-choo ecrania 
(672, 673) it is shelving. 

In two Burmese crania, (661, 667) the occiput is round and moderately full. 
The occipital region of a Siamese skull, from Bangkok (123) is broad and fiat, 
and slightly resembles that of the Malay head. 

Some of the Malay crania, (41, 1186, 1316, and 1525,) have elongate or 
shelving occiputs; in others, (46, 47, 201, 433, 543, 1338, 1339, 1341, 1523,) 
the occipital region is more or less flatly round; and in others still, (424, 
425, 428, 429, 430, 459, 495, 544, 546, and 1337,) it is more or less globular. 
In Nos. 545 and 1340, the occiput is compressed behind, and somewhat be- 
neath, so as to form a sort of inclined plane, sloping downwards and forwards, 
to the foramen magnum. 

Nine Burmese and Malay crania in the Chatham collection have the occiput 
broad ard well rounded ; and the space for the downward development of the 
cerebellum in the occipital region extensive. In one Burmese skull, the pos- 
terior part of the head is large, and the occiput straight. In a Japanese 
skull the occiput is broad, flat, and almost perpendicular. This is true also, 
of some of the Malay skulls, and of two Burmese described by Dr. Williamson, 
in the appendix to kis catalogue. 

Finlayson, in describing the tribes of the Trans-Gangetic, or Indo-Chinese 
Peninsula, says that ‘‘the occipital foramen is often placed so far back that 
from the crown to the nape of the neck is nearly a straight line.’’} According 
to Dr. Ruschenberger, the occipital portion of the Siamese skull is nearly 
vertical, and compared with the anterior and sincipital division, very small.t 
In the inhabitants of Cochin-China or Annam, according to Morton, the 
occipital portion of the head is more elongated than in the Siamese. 

Only one (1551) of the Lapland skulls in the Academy’s collection has the 
shelving occiput; all the others, (1250, 1257, and 1552,) possess a broad and 
flatly rounded occipital region. 

All the Eskimo crania in the collection have narrow, elongate, or ovoidal 
occiputs. In an Eskimo skull at Chatham, the ‘‘occiput is narrow and 
prominent.’’ 

In the Tchuktchi crania brought from Behring’s Straits by my friend, E. M. 
Kern, Esq., the occiput is prominent and shelving. The skull of an Aleutian, 
from Unalaschka, contained in the Rijk’s Museum of Natural History, at 
Leyden, and figured and described by Prof. Van der Hoeven, has a prominent 
ociput.§ 

The occipital region of a Kamskatkan cranial cast (725) is full and pro- 
tuberant. In the skull of a Northern Reindeer Tungus, figured by Blumen- 
bach, in Table xvi. of his Decades Craniorum, ‘‘the occiput is remarkably 
prominent, so that the distance between the external occipital protuberance 
and the superior incisors is equal to nine inches.’’?’ The Kalmuck (1553) and 
Burat skulls (1355) have globular occiputs. 

The occipital region of the skull of an Icelander (125) is full, protuberant, 
and shelving. 


* Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l’Océanie, &c. Anthropologie. Par Emile Blanchard. 
Paris, 1854. 

+ Embassy to Siam and Hue, p. 230. 

t+ A voyage Round the World; including an Embassy to Muscat and Siam. By W. 
S. W. Ruschenberger, M. D. Philada., 1838, p. 209. 

§ Beschriyving van Drie Merkwaardige Menschelijke Schedels uit het Rijk’s Museum 
van Natuurlijke Histore te Leiden. Door J. Van der Hoeven. 

[ Sept- 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 405 


Four of the Kanaka skulls in the collection, (564, 695, 1300, and 1308,) 
have elongate or shelving occiputs. In three others, (566, 572,) the occiput 
is rounded. In two skulls from Oahu, (1023, 1024,) the occipital region is 
prominent; in another (1022) it is more rounded. Three Tahaitian crania 
(1017, 1019, 1020,) exhibit protuberant and shelving occiputs. In two other 
Tahaitian heads (1016, 1021) the occiput is more rounded, and in still 
another (1018) it is broad and flat, The crania of Sandwich Islanders, in the 
Chatham collection, possess rounded occiputs. In an Otahaitian skull the 
occiput is prominent. 

There are three Marquesan skulls in the Academy’s collection. In one of 
these, from Nukahivah, the occiput is narrow and shelving, and the occipital 
boss quite protuberant. In another, also, from Nukahivah, and a third from 
Christina, the occipital region is fuller and less prominent. 

All the New Zealand crania in the Academy’s collection exhibit the elongate 
and narrow form of occiput. In five New Zealand skulls in the Chatham 
Museum, “ the occiput is not prominent, but well rounded off.’’ 

Ina Feejee specimen from Bau, (1029) the occipital region is narrow and 
protuberant.* 

Three Arickaree skulls, of the Upper Missouri, exhibit the same shelving 
oceiput and prominent occipital protuberance, seen in the Swedish, Cimbrian, 
and Ostrogoth crania. They are long, oval skulls, and resemble, in their 
general configuration, the Swedish crania, as may be seen by comparing 
together No. 649 (Arickaree), and No. 1247 (Swede). One of the Arickaree 
skulls (No. 748), presents a somewhat modified occipital form. It is like that 
represented in plate 35 of Crania Americana, or fig. 2 of plate 96 of Vimont’s 
Atlas. The superiorly flattened form of the occiput is also seen in the 
Assinaboin skulls, though less strongly marked. These crania are broader 
and less oval than the preceding. The same occipital form is also very well 
marked in Nos. 632 and 635 of the Cherokee group. These two crania are 
long ovals. In the other specimens of this group, the occipital protuberance 
is less prominent, and the whole hind-head more evenly rounded in the line 
of prolongation of the sagittal suture. These Cherokee skulls differ from each 
other in several particulars. In two Chetimache skulls, from Louisiana, the 
occipital region is flattened nearly perpendicularly from the superior spinous 
ridge upwards. In the Chippeway or Ojibway skull, No. 684, the hind-head 
is shelving; in No. 683 it presents a different form, as seen in plate 28 of 
Crania Americana. Two of the Kootenay crania (Nos. 744, 745), have the 
occiput protuberant and elongated. In No. 1227 the hind-head is flat. Two 
of the Creek skulls (Nos. 441, 579), are short heads with broad, globular 
oceiputs. No. 751, a long, oval skull, has the superiorly flattened hind-head 
and prominent occipital protuberance well marked. In its general form, this 
head strongly calls to mind the Cimbric type or configuration. In No. 1454 
the occiput is rounded. Dr. Morton, writing in 1839, says that ‘‘ the present 
Creek nation is said to embrace the remains of no less than fifteen different 
tribes, which they have conquered at various times.’’ This fact may explain 
the discrepancy in forms exhibited by the different specimens of this group. 
The Dacota skull (No. 605) has a globular occiput. In No. 112, the occipital 
region is very much elongated and shelving, as in the Creek skull (No. 751). 
The occiput of No. 204, resembles that of the Cayuga skull, figured in plate 35 
of Crania Americana. The Huron cranium (No. 15) is beautifully lithographed 
in Crania Americana, pl. 37. Reference to it will show that the occiput is so 
flattened as to slant or incline from above downwards and backwards, and to 


* One half of the crania contained in the Polynesian group of the Morton collection 
were procured by Dr. Thos. J. Turner, who is preparing a monograph on the cranial and 
other physical characteristics of this interesting race, several varieties of which he was 
able to study practically during his cruise in the Pacific, 


1860.] 


406 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


occupy a position between the shelving occiput of the Swede and the verti- 
cally flattened form. Nos.1217 and 1218 exhibit the same form. No, 607 
approximates the shelving, or superiorly flattened shape. The exact form of 
the hind-head cannot be determined in the Illinois crania in the Academy’s 
collection, for the whole of the os occipitis is wanting in No. 1010, and the 
greater part in No. 1051. In the former, the occiput appears to have been 
shelving ; in the latter, flatly round or globular. In two Iroquois skulls (Nos. 
16 and 119), the occiput is elongated and shelving. In a third (No. 989), it 
is almost globular. Of the Lenape, or Delaware Indian skulls, Nos. 40, 115, 
118, and 1265, possess an elongated occiput, such as is seen in plate 32 of 
Crania Americana. In No. 418 the posterior region is rounded, and far less 
prominent. In Nos. 1263, 1562, and 1563, the hind-head is broad and squarely 
flattened. In No. 1264 the occipital protuberance is prominent and knob- 
like. No. 998 is flatly round in the occipital region. In all the Mandan 
and Minetari skulls, the form of the occipital region is very similar to that of 
the Arickarees and Assinaboins. The form of the occiput varies among the 
different specimens of the Menominee group. Nos. 35, 44, 78, 454, and 563, 
exhibit the form seen in the Huron skull, figured in Crania Americana, plate 
37. The other two (Nos. 1220 and and 1222), are more elongated behind. 
No. 1055 of the Miami group, has an occiput like the Huron cranium just 
alluded to. In1233 the hind-head is perpendicularly flattened. All the rest 
of this series exhibit the elongated form. In the three Mohawk crania, the 
occiput is superiorly flattened, and the occipital protuberance prominent. 
Two Moqui skulls (138, 139), are brachykephalic, with very flat occiputs. 
The Narragansett skulls in the collection differ from each other in the form of 
the occipital region. In No. 950 the hind-head is elongated. In No. 951 
it is shelving, all that part of the occipital bone above the superior spinous 
ridge being tumid. The posterior part of the head, in Nos. 952 and 954, 
shelves or inclines from above downwards and backwards. In the latter skull 
the occipital base is very protuberant. In No, 953 the occiput is full and 
rounded, instead of being elongated, as in the others. This is true, also, of 
Nos. 956 and 693. In the latter, the os occipitis is somewhat pressed forwards 
under the parietalia. No. 1040 is a very peculiar, oblong head ; the shelving 
and elongated occiput projects far behind the external auditory meati, and 
the basis-occipitis is quite flat. Nos. 955 and 957 have pointed or acuminated 
occiputs, which appear to be posthumously distorted. In No. 955 the left 
side of the occipital bone is flattened ; in No. 957, the right. In the former 
the left side, and in the latter the right, appears to have rested upon the 
ground for a very long time, and to have been flattened by the weight of the 
superincumbent bones of the head. This flatness gives an acuminated ap- 
pearance to the occiput, the point being to one or other side of the median 
line. Since the publication of Crania Americana, craniographers have been 
familiar with the vertical flatness of the occiput in crania of the Natchez tribe. 
This peculiar flatness is well shown in No. 1106. The shelving occipital form 
is shown in all the Natick skulls. Of the Osage crania, No. 54 is a short, 
angularly round head, with an occiput almost vertically flattened. In No. 
660, a larger head, the tumid occiput gives a shelving form to the hind-head, 
seen in profile. In the Ottoes the occiput is broad and flatly round, and ap- 
proximates strongly, the globular form exhibited in the Lapps and Kalmucks. 
The same form is exhibited in the round-headed Ottawa, No. 1007. In the 
other two Ottawa skulls, the hind-head is shelving. In the round-headed 
Ottigamies, the occiput is globular. In No. 415 of this group, this globular 
shape is destroyed by the tumid occiput. The two Pawnee skulls contrast 
strongly with each other in the shape of the occiput, which in No. 540 is flatly 
round, and in No. 1043 is excessively elongated and shelving. In two 
Penobscot skulls the occiput is rounded. Of the Potawatomie crania, No. 
657, as shown in plate 34 of Crania Americana, has an angularly round 


[Sept. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 407 


occiput. In No.: 736, a short, triangular skull; the occiput is flat. In the 
broadly oval cranium (No. 737), the hind-head is rounded. In No. 1352 the 
hind-head appreximates the shelving type. The two Sauk skulls are unlike 
each other in the shape of the occiput. No. 561 has a broad, though pro- 
tuberant hind-head. In No. 1246 the occipital region is rounded. The Semi- 
nole Indians are represented in the Academy’s collection by sixteen skulls. 
No. 456 (figured in Crania Americana, pl. 24), is a round head, with a full 
and somewhat angularly rounded occiput. In No. 604 the knob-like pro- 
tuberance of the occipital bone destroys the rounded form of the hind-head, 
and gives the latter a different shape, as will be seen by comparing the first 
cut on page 166 of Crania Americana, with plate 24 of that work. In No. 
698 the hind-head is elongated and shelving. In No. 707 it approximates in 
its lower part the globular form, and is in striking contrast with No. 456, as 
may be seen by comparing together plates 23 and 24 of Crania Americana. 
In No. 708 it is more elongated and less broad, and in No. 754 rather flatly 
rounded. No. 726 is a short head, with a full, broad, but somewhat shelving 
occiput. No. 727 possesses a narrow and prominent occiput, which is wider 
between the parietal bosses than at the base. In No. 728 the occiput is fuller 
and more rounded. In No. 729 the hind head is rather narrow below, and 
protuberant. In No. 730 the occiput is broader at the base than above, and 
quite pointed. In Nos. 732, 733, 753,* and 1286, the occiput is protuberant 
and shelving above. A Shawnee skull, ‘No. 606, has a very narrow, pro- 
tuberant, and symmetrical occiput; the left, basal part of the occipital bone 
being flattened, perhaps posthumously. In No. 691 the occiput is flattened 
vertically on the right side. In No. 1210, a narrow, and highly arched skull, 
the hind head is narrow, and the upper part of the occipital bone prominent. 
The Shoshone skulls in the collection are not alike in the form of the occiput. 
No. 1446 exhibits a broad and somewhat flatly rounded hind-head, appearing 
as if pressed under the parietal bosses; the upper and posterior part of the 
head, just between the parietal protuberances, being broad and very elevated. 
In No. 1447 the occiput is protuberant and shelving. In No. 1448 the occiput 
is broad at the base, and flattened, though not vertically. No. 1449 possesses a 
rounded and not very prominent occiput. Two Upsarooka skulls, (Nos. 
1228 and 1229), have the hind-head shelving, and the occipital base very 
prominent. Inthe Winnebago cranium (No. 559), the occiput is broad and 
globular. In No. 560 it is less broad and more projecting. In the Yamasse 
skulls (Nos. 1214 and 1215), the occiput is narrow and rounded. In No. 
1216 it is broad and rounded, almost to globularity. There are four skulls of 
California Indians in the collection.{ No. 1514 exhibits what may be called 
a pyramidal occiput. The occipital bone above the superior spinous ridge is 
very prominent, and constitutes a common centre, towards which the parietals 
slant from above downwards and backwards, and also at the sides, and the basal 
portion of the occipital bone upwards and backwards, somewhat after the 
fashion seen in some of the elongated Peruvian heads. No. 1027, a female 
eranium from Maré Island, California, is a long, narrow head, with a narrow 
and oval occiput. No. 943, also from Maré Island, exhibits a shelving occiput. 

Of the crania marked ‘‘ miscellaneous’’ in the Catalogue, No. 416, from a 
mound on the Upper Mississippi, possesses a narrow and prominent occiput. 
This skull is represented in plate 52 of Cranta Americana in such a position 
that, at first sight, the occiput appears full and rounded. But if the observer 
will place his hand over the lower jaw, so as to hide it, and then hold the 
lithograph in such a manner that the base of the skull shall be parallel with 


* The last skull of the Seminole group should be numbered in the Catalogue, 753, in- 
stead of 1556. 

t Two of these are enumerated in the published Catalogue, The other two have been 
added to the collection by my friend, Dr. Thos. J. Turner, of the United States Navy, 
since the Catalogue was printed. 


1860.] 


408 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


the plane of the horizon, he will then see that the head is in reality a long 
one, and that the occipital region is prominent and not round. No. 1237, 
from Illinois, is a broad, asymmetrical head, flattened behind slantingly, and 
rather to the left. Nos. 1315, 1510, and 1511 have broad, prominent, and 
somewhat shelving occiputs. No. 420, from the Cave at Steubenville, Ohio, 
has a low, broad occiput, flattened on the right side. In No. 436, also from 
the Cave-cemetery at Steubenville, the broad occiput is almost vertically 
flattened. In Nos. 437 and 438, also from Steubenville, the occiput is low, 
broad, and vertically flattened. The former is asymmetrical. The occiput is 
slantingly flattened in No. 439. No. 210 is wanting in symmetry. The 
occiput is flattened on the left side, perhaps posthumously. It appears to 
have been originally moderately full and rounded. In No. 658 the broad oeciput 
is asymmetrically flattened to the right of the median line. No. 723, also 
non-symmetrical, has a low, broad, and vertically flattened occiput. In No. 
53, from a mound at Circleville, the occipital protuberance is prominent, and 
the hind-head shelving. No. 1287, from a mound at Chillicothe, has a broad 
occiput, slightly truncated or flattened, directly behind. No. 1288, from the 
same place, occiput shelving and very protuberant. No. 992, from a mound 
in Tennessee, broad, asymmetrical, and perpendicularly flattened or truncated 
No. 1270, from Detroit, occiput shelving and protuberant. No. 1271, from 
Ohio, occiput broad, and flattened directly behind. No. 1272, found with the 
preceding, occiput moderately prominent. No. 1455, froma mound in Florida; 
avery mis-shapen skull, with a low, broad, and asymmetrically flattened 
occiput. No. 417, Cayuga, of New York: occiput elongated and prominent. 
No. 1041, a Cheyenne of Missouri; occiput shelving and protuberant. No. 
211, from Missouri; a broad and fiat head, with globular occiput. No. 987, 
Chemesyan, from the N. W. coast of America ; occiput full and rounded. No. 
22, young Choctaw female, of Georgia; occiput protuberant and shelving. 
No. 39, Euchee Indian, of Florida ; occiput full and rounded. No. 212, cast 
of a Kenahawha skull; occiput vertically flattened. No. 27, Massasauga 
Indian, of Peterboro’, Upper Canada, and No. 455, Mingo Indian, from Ohio ; 
occiput elongated and shelving. No. 1219 Nanticoke, (?) from the Wyoming 
Valley ; occiput full and globular. No. 567, Naumkeag, of Massachusetts ; 
occiput narrow and prominent. No. 33, Oneida warrior ; occiput flattened ; 
occipital base prominent. No. 1036, Pocasset Indian ; occiput flatly rounded. 
No. 26, Quinnipiack (Mohegan) Indian; occiput globular. No. 1516, Seneca 
Indian, from New York; occiput broad and truncated, or flattened directly be- 
hind. No, 1557, from the banks of the Susquehanna ; form of the occiput very 
much like that of the California head (No. 1514). In Nos. 216 and 219, the 
occiput is shelving and protuberant. The same form is seen in the Maya 
skull (No. 990). The Araucanian skull (No. 651) has a’ full and rounded 
occiput. In No. 652 the occiput is arched. In No. 654 the occipital region is 
square and truncated, or vertically flattened, as is well shown in plate 68 
of Crania Americana. In Nos. 655 and 656 the occiput is moderately full and 
rounded. In No. 995 the hind-head is fuller than in the preceding, and the 
occipital protuberance more prominent. In No. 997 the occipital boss is very 
prominent. In No. 221 the hind-head is shelving, and the occipital protuberance 
sharply pointed. In No. 222 the occiput is shelving and protuberant; in 
No. 120 it is kroad and flatly round. The flattened form of the occiput of No. 
1242 is well shown in the wood-cut on p. 75 of the Catalogue. The three Charib 
skulls in the collection have prominent and elongated occiputs. In the cast of 
a Patagonian skull, the hind-head projects far behind the meati. The whole 
of the occipital region is full and tumid. In many of the crania which we have 
passed in review, the elongation of the occiput backwards is chiefly due to the 
great prominence of the occipital boss. In the Patagonian head, this feature 
is not present. The-hind head of the Puelche girlis rather flat. The head 
of a Puelche, from the Rio Negro, figured by d’Orbigny, has a truncated 

[ Sept. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 409 


occiput.* In all the Brazilian crania, the occipital region is more or less 
elongated and superiorly flattened, as in the Swedes. 

There are nine aboriginal American skulls in the collection at Fort Pitt, 
Chatham. These are described by Dr. Williamsonj in his catalogue. No. 67, 
from Lake Huron, has a rounded occiput. No. 68, skull of a North American 
Indian, has the occiput projecting. In No. 69 ‘‘the vertex and occiput are 
well arched.’’ In No. 70 the occiput is rounded. In No. 71 ‘‘the vertex and 
occiput are well rounded,’’ In No. 473, from Canada, the occiput is large 
and well rounded, and the space for the downward development of the brain 
in the occipital region is very great. No. 474, also from Canada, is a round 
skull. No special statement is made concerning the form of the occiput, but 
from the general description of the head, I consider it to be oval. In No. 475, 
a Flathead, ‘‘the occiput descends from the vertex abruptly, and almost per- 
pendicularly to the foramen magnum.’’ In No. 476, a Charib, from St. Vin- 
cent, ‘‘the vertex gradually slopes backwards and downwards to the occiput, 
which projects, and is narrow from above downwards ; the occiput is very flat, 
and nearly the whole of the occipital bone rests upon a plane surface.”’ 

The late Dr. Morton, as is well known, regarded flatness of the occiput 
as a characteristic feature of the aboriginal American skull. In Crania 
Americana (page 65), he expressly says that ‘‘flatness of the occipital 
portion of the cranium will. probably be found to characterize the 
greater or less number of individuals in every existing tribe, from Terra del 
Fuego to the Canadas. If these skulls be viewed behind, we observe the 
occipital outline to be moderately curved outwards, wide at the occipital pro- 
tuberances, and full from those points to the opening of the ear. From the 
parietal protuberances there is a slightly curved slope to the vertex, pro- 
ducing a conical, or rather a wedge-shaped outline.’? He says, furthermore, 
that even in the elongated heads of the Lenapes, the Iroquois, Cherokees, 
Mandans, Rickarees, and Assinaboins, ‘‘the characteristic truncation of the 
occiput is more or less obvious.’’ In another publication,{ when alluding to 
the physical characteristics of the Indian tribes, he again speaks of ‘‘ the flat- 
tened or vertical occiput’’ as a characteristic common to them all. In the 
3d edition of his Catalogue of Skulls of Man and the Inferior Animals, Dr. M. 
briefly describes a very remarkable head, found by Dr. Davis and Mr. 
Squier, in a mound in the Scioto Valley, Ohio, and described and figured by 
them in their ‘‘ Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley,’’ plates 47 and 
48. Dr. M. regarded this head as the ‘‘ perfect type of the Indian conforma- 
tion, to which the skulls of all the tribes, from Cape Horn to Canada, more 
or less approximate. It possesses the national characteristics in perfection, 
as seen in the elevated vertex, flattened occiput, &c. Similar forms,’’ he con- 
tinues, ‘‘ are common in the Peruvian tombs, and have the occiput as in this 
instance, so flattened and vertical as to give the idea of artificial compression ; 
yet thisis only an exaggeration of the natural form, caused by the pressure of 
the cradle-board, in common use among the American nations.” 

In his last contribution to craniography,§ Dr. Morton describes the typical 
Indian skull to be of a decidedly rounded form, with the occipital portion 
flattened in the upward direction. 

Dr. Morton’s opinion concerning the typical form of the occiput in the 
various tribes of American Indians, though very generally acquiesced in by 
craniographers, has not been accepted by all without qualification. 

*‘L’inspection des cranes mexicains,’’ writes Dr. Gosse, of Geneva, repré- 
sentés dans les Crania Americana me semble prouver que chez ces derniers, 


* L’Homme Americain. Atlas, Plate i. fig, 1. 

+ Op. cit. pp. 64-67, 83, 85. 

t Inquiry into the Distinctive Characteristics of the Aboriginal Race of America, p. 5. 
2 The Physical Type of the American Indians. 


1860.] 28 


410 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


la dépression de l’occiput était loin d’étre aussi générale et aussi marquée que 
parmi les Incas et que chez les cranes examinés par Meyen ; car dans plusieurs 
dentre eux, la téte est plutdt normalement developpée en arriére. Ce qui 
m/’étonne,’’ he continues, ‘‘c’est qu’ indépendamment de la transmission 
héréditaire, Morton n’ait pas fait jouer un role plus général a l’action pro- 
longée de ce genre de berceau, le compagnon des peuples nomades sur l’apla- 
tissement du derriere de la téte, qu’il considére comme un caractére normal 
du type américain.’’* 

Dr. J. B. Davis also writes that though ‘‘this position of Morton’s is no 
doubt fonnded in truth, yet it must be allowed to be liable to numerous ex- 
ceptions.”? His doubts appear to have been awakened by the fact which he 
mentions, that the crania of Americans, figured by Sandifort and Milne- 
Edwards, (one of them given as a typical skull), are both distinguished by a 
considerable occipital projection. t 

Prof. Daniel Wilson, of Canada, in a recent interesting paper on the 
Cranial Type of the American Aborigines,f tells us that he has carefully ex- 
amined twenty-nine Indian skulls, three only of which he regards as brachy- 
cephalic. ‘‘One of these three, a very remarkable and massive skull, was 
turned up at Barrie, on Lake Simcoe, with, it is said, upwards of two hundred 
others. It differs from all the other Indian crania, in exhibiting the vertical 
occiput so very strikingly, that when laid resting on it, it stands more firmly 
than in any other position.’’ He thinks there can be little doubt that the 
flattened occiput of this skull is the result of artificial compression of a much 
more decided nature than that of the cradle-board of the papoose. 

Further on, he says, ‘‘I am struck, in the majority of the examples ex- 
amined, with the total absence of any approximation to the flattened occiput.’’ 
Fifteen of the crania referred to exhibit a more or less decided posterior pro- 
jection of the occiput, twelve of these being markedly so, and seven of them 
presenting such a prolongation of it, as constituted one of the most striking 
features in one class of ancient Scottish crania, which chiefly led to the sug- 
gestion of the term kumbecephale.’”’§ * * * ‘*T think it extremely pro- 
bable that further investigation will tend to the conclusion that the vertical 
or flattened occiput, instead of being a typical characteristic, pertains entirely 
to the class of artificial modifications of the natural cranium familiar to the 
American ethnologist, alike in the disclosures of ancient graves, and in the 
customs of widely separated living tribes.” 

From the details which I have presented above, it will be seen that the 
opinions upon this subject, entertained by Dr. Morton, cannot be substantiated 
by the aboriginal American crania in the Academy’s collection. The verti- 
cally flattened occiput is by no means a distinctive character of these crania ; 
on the contrary, it is only an occasional feature among them, and is exhibited 
also by the skulls of other, and distant races of men. In fact, the occipital 
region of our American Indian skulls exhibits quite a variety of forms. In 
some, as we have already seen, the flatness is located superiorly, affecting 
equally the posterior superior part of the ossa-parietalia, and the upper part 
of the os occipitis ; in others, and they are comparatively few, the flattening 
is directly behind, and is vertical; in a third variety the fiatness is confined 
wholly to the basal portion of the occipital bone. In some of the skulls the 
occiput is evenly rounded, in the direction of the longitudinal periphery, the 
transverse diameter, behind the bony meati, being comparatively small; in 
others it is full and globular. If the reader will place the Crania Americana 
before him, and compare together the outline representations of the posterior 
part of the skull in the different tribes of Indians, he will be struck with the 


* Essai sur les Déformations Artificielles du Crane. Paris, 1855, pp. 72, 74. 
+ Crania Britannica, Decade 3, p. 
i Canadian Journal of Industry, Science, and Art. November, 1857, pp. 425, 427. 
# Prehistoric Annals of Scotland, p, 109. 
[Sept. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 411 


difference of form which they exhibit. In some it is higher than broad; in 
others it is broader than high; in others again, the greatest breadth is be- 
tween the parietal bosses; in a fourth variety the greatest breadth coincides 
with the base. In some, the contour of the hind head is almost square; in 
in some almost circular ; in some oblong; in others triangular, and in others 
still, pentagonal or very irregular. Now, none of these forms are diagnostic 
of the Indian skull. Indeed, they all appertain to the races of the Eastern con- 
tinent, as well as to those of the Western. 

It is very well known to craniographers that Dr. Morton, as early as 1846, 
pointed ont the existence of at least four different forms of the Peruvian skull, 
all of which he regarded as artificial deformations, although in his Crania 
Americana, published long before, he contended that these forms were natural 
and congenital. Five years later, Dr. Rivero and Tschudi, without appearing 
to be aware of the views of Dr. Morton, arrived at the same conclusion—that 
these peculiar forms were congenital, and that there were four varieties of 
them. Now, in all these varieties the occiput, as might be expected, varies 
in form. One variety is very well shown in plate 2 of Crania Americana (No. 
496 of the Catalogue), and also in the wood-cut representing No. 1277 of the 
Catalogue. This form of occiput is also seen in Nos. 1275, 1279, 1280, 1281, 
1283, 1284, 1363, 1364, 1366, and many others. A very different form of the 
whole head, and of the occiput, which is flatly rounded, is seen in plate 7 of 
Crania Americana, representing a Peruvian, from Santa. No. 1276 exhibits 
a similarocciput. In his interesting work entitled Three Years in the Pacific, 
Dr. Ruschenberger alludes to the peculiarities of form shown in Peruvian 
skulls. He says that in many of the crania obtained by him at Santa, the 
occiput ‘‘is almost vertical, and rises quite abruptly from the great hole at 
the base’’ (p. 374). In plate 4 of Crania Americana, it will be seen that the 
occiput is much fuller and rounder than in the last specimens. Just such a 
form of the occipital region is represented in Nos. 1278, 1282, 1365, and 1366. 
Nos. 13, 30, 75, 77, 84, 85, 86, 87, 93, 95, 97, 446, and many others; are 
asymmetrical skulls, flattened behind in a manner more or less like one or 
other of the forms represented in plates 8, 11, and 11 B, of Crania Americana. 
In other skulls of this great Toltecan group, the occipital flatness is almost 
vertical, and at the same time symmetrical, as above intimated. The supe- 
riorly flattened or shelving occiput is seen in some of the Peruvian skulls, as 
in Nos, 571, 631, and others. No. 696 has an occipital region very much like 
that figured in Vimont’s Atlas, plate 96, fig. 2; while Nos. 1420, 1425, and 
all the casts of skulls found on the Island of Titicaca, resemble, in the con- 
formation of the occiput, the cranium represented in Table 1 of Fitzinger’s 
Essay Ueber die Schédel der Avaren. 

The skulls of Aymaras, from Bolivia and Peru, figured by D’Orbigny, have 
projecting occiputs.* 

The Mexican crania in the Academy’s collection differ from each other in the 
form of the occipital region. 

A female skull (34), of this great family, obtained from Acapacingo, in the 
Valley of Cuernavaca, about fifty miles south of the City of Mexico, and 
regarded by Morton as belonging to the Tlahuican nation, exhibits an occiput 
moderately full and somewhat flattened above the slightly protuberant occipital 
boss. Two ancient Mexican crania (734, 735), exhumed near the Indian 
village of Guahapan, on the Mountain Popocatapetl, and perhaps of Aztec 
origin, differ in the shape of the hind head. No. 734 is asymmetrical, the 
right half of the occiput being flattened and pressed forward, while the left is 
undisturbed. The hind-head, as a whole, however, is full; and were it not 
for the lateral flattening, might be regarded as rounded, or even almost 
globular. In 735, on the other hand, the hind-head is narrower, and owing 


* L’Homme Americain. Atlas. 


1360.] 


412 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


to the strong development of the occipital protuberance, quite prominent, and 
somewhat shelving from above downwards and backwards. Two skulls 
(714, 715), from an ancient Mexican cemetery, at Otumba, have full, and 
more or less rounded occiputs. In another skull from Otumba (716), the 
hind-headis much more protuberant. (See Crania Americana, plates 59, 60, 
and 61.) In three crania (717, 718, and 720) from an. ancient tomb at 
Tacuba, the hind-head is high, broad at the base, and the whole occipital 
bone prominent. The general form of the occipital region is shown in the 
outline wood-cut at the bottom of p. 233 of Crania Americana. Two Otomie 
crania (1323 and 1000), possess the same form of occiput. Three other 
Otomie skulls (1001, 1002, and 1003), have the hind-head elongated and 
shelving, and the occipital protuberance projecting very much. A short 
Tlascalan skull (1904), has a full and globular occiput, Inthe cranium of the 
Chechemecan female (1005), from a mound at Tezcuco, the occiput is more 
like that of Nos. 1001, 1002, and 1003 of the Otomie group. No. 1226, in the 
collection of the Academy, is the skull of a Mexican, from the cemetery of 
Santiago de Tlatilolco, near the City of Mexico. In this cemetery, many 
thousands of the natives were interred after the brave defence of their 
city against Cortes. It is probable, therefore that the individual to whom the 
skull belonged, stood up manfully in resistance to Spanish aggression. The 
hind-head is broad and very much flattened in the posterior parietal and 
upper occipital portions. The well-marked transverse ridge forms a promi- 
nent dividing angle between the superior and inferior portions of the os 
occipitis. The occiput of the two Pames skulls (681, 1313), from San 
Lorenzo, near the City of Mexico, is much like that of 1323 and 1000 of the 
Otomie group. In the skull of an ancient Mexican chief (1314) exhumed 
together with various aboriginal arms and utensils, from the Cerro de Que- 
silas, near the City of Mexico, the occiput is of a peculiar form. It is broad, 
but has very little vertical diameter, owing to the flatness of the crown. The 
whole head looks as if it had been compressed between two opposing forces, 
oue applied at the top and the other at the base of the cranium. In No. 682 
the occipital region is flat, very high, and comparatively narrow. Owing 
to the parallelism of the two sides, it is oblong from above downwards. 
No. 234, suid to be taken from the great Altar of Sacrifices, at Mexico, is 
remarkably flattened behind, and chiefly to the right of the median line. The 
occiput of 1353 is singularly distorted. A broad and deep sulcus or fissure 
extends inthe median line, from a little before the coronal suture, entirely 
back to the foramen magnum, dividing the whole calvaria intotwolobes. The 
occiput in 1566 is full and rounded. Of the two Lipan skulls, No. 1345 has a 
full and regularly rounded occiput; No. 1346 a longer and more protuberant 
one. Theremainder of the Mexican crania enumerated in the catalogue, from 
1515 to 689, have full, and more or less protuberant occiputs. 

No. 722, from the battle field of San Jacinto, in Texas, exhibits a very 
peculiar form. 

Some time ago, Dr. E. H. Abaddie, of the United States Army, presented to 
the Academy a series of six crania procured in New Mexico. These skulls 
are of considerable interest. Two of them, Nos. 1032 and 1033, were obtained 
from the ruins of Gran Quivira, New Mexico, by Major Carleton, who ex- 
plored the ruins thoroughly. No. 1054 was disinterred by Dr. Abaddie, from 
the centre of the ruins of the church at Guarra, New Mexico. No. 931, a 
fragmentary skull, was found, with many other human remains, in a very 
bad state of preservation, in making excavations in an old field in Santa Fé, 
New Mexico. ‘‘This head,’’ writes Dr. Abaddie, ‘‘and the accompanying 
remains, evidently belonged to the same race of Indians which formed the 
numerous population of the large towns, long since in ruins, and of which so 
little is known, as Gran Quivira, Abo, Guarra, Pecos, Old Church, &c.’’ 

All these heads are brachycephalic, and in all of them the occiput is more 


[ Sept. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 413 


or less flattened. No. 1032 exhibits a perpendicular or wall-like flatness of 
the hind-head. Nos. 1034 and 931 are asymmetrical. In the first the occiput 
is flattened, chiefly to the right of the median line; in the other mainly to, 
the left. No. 930, the skull of a Puéblo Indian, taken from the church-yard 
of the village of Laguna, and 1035, the skull of Jose Largo, a Mescalero chief, 
who was killed in an affray near Bosque Redondo, not far from the Pecos 
river, New Mexico, are both dolichocephalic heads. The occiput of the first is 
shelving ; that of the second, rounded. 

The Academy’s collection contains three other New Mexican heads, which 
were procured and forwarded by Mr. Geo. Gibbs to Dr. J. H. B. McClellan, 
who placed them in the Museum of the Academy. One, of them (No. 935), 
is the skull of a chief of the Mogoyon Apache Indians, who was killed by the 
Navajo Indians, in a little ravine leading up the side of the Mesa de los Lobos, 
to the right of the Fort Defiance road, and at the head of Canon del Gallo, 
New Mexico. The occiput of this skull is prominent, and somewhat inclined 
from above downwards and backwards. No. 936 is the skull of a Navajo* 
Indian, picked up on the road leading from Albuquerque to Fort Defiance, at 
a place called the ‘‘ Lake,”’ situated on the Pacific slope of the Rocky Moun- 
tains, six miles from the summit. In the cranium, the occipital region is 
flatly round. No. 937, the skull of a Puéblot Indian, of Laguna, New 
Mexico, possesses a vertically flattened occiput. 

The negro crania in the Museum of the Academy exhibit a remarkable 
agreement in the shape of the occipital region. Of the group marked ‘‘ Ameri- 
can born,’’? in the Catalogue, Nos. 1, 2, 69, 74, 421, 548, 1301, 1302, 1318, 
1320, 235, and 236, are all oblong heads, with prominent, and more or less 
shelving occiputs. In Nos. 74 and 548 the basal portion of the occipital bone 
is very much compressed or flattened, like some of the Malay skulls. Nos. 
549, 900, and 984 of this group have the occiputs more or less rounded. 
With the exception of Nos. 580, 1098, and 1101, in which the occiput is flat- 
tened at the base, and No. 1093, the occipital region of which is full and 
rounded, all the skulls of the native African group in the collection are long 
heads with prominent occiputs, which in form are sometimes shelving or in- 
clined, sometimes oval, and occasionally narrow, and somewhat acuminated. 
The same statement applies in great measure to the two Hovah, and all the 
Australian skulls in the collection. No. 435, an Oceanic negro, is a short 
head, with the occiput inferiorly flattened. No. 1343, a Tasmanian from Van 
Diemen’s Land, has a protuberant occipital region. 

In table 6, 7, and 8 of Blumenbach’s Decades Craniorum, the protuberant 
occiput of the negro is very well shown. In tables 17, 18, and 19, the form 
varies in several respects. The normal form of the negro occiput, and that to 
which the great majority of the African skulls in the Academy’s collection 
conforms, is well illustrated in plates 2 and 3 of Prof. Van der Hoeven’s 
valuable treatise entitled ‘‘ Bijdragen tot de Natuurlijke Geschiedenis van den 
Negerstam.’’ The protuberant occiput of the Ethiopian is also exhibited in 


*«This tribe,” writes a valued correspondent, Mr. Geo. Gibbs, ‘is said to number 
1,200 souls, and to be a decidedly pastoral people, having in their possession at the pre- 
sent time (July, 1857), 60,000 horses, and 350,000 sheep. They can bring 2500 war- 
riors into the field at one time. Their skulls are exceedingly difficult to procure, on 
account of their habit of stowing the dead away in hidden places.” 

+ “ These Indians,” says Mr. Gibbs, ‘‘ get their name from the Spanish word puéblo, 
because they live in little towns or villages, cultivating the soil in the neighborhood of 
the same. It is said that New Mexico boasts of twenty-seven of these puéblos at the 
present time, differing in population from 40 to 2,500 souls. Some of the principal 
puéblos are named Puéblo of Taos, Zuni, Laguna, San Felipe, Santa Domingo, Sandia, 
Isleta, and Acoma. With but few exceptions, the inhabitants speak different languages, 
though all of them use the Spanish. Nominally they are Catholics, having chapels in 
their midst, yet they continue to worship Montezuma (whom they believe to be residing 
in the sun), day and night, by means of never ceasing religious dances.” 


1860.] 29 


414 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


table 7 of Dr. Lucae’s ‘‘Organischen Formenlehre,’’ a work containing many 
interesting craniographic details. 

From the foregoing facts we may conclude :— 

1. That the form of the human occiput is not constant. On the contrary, 
it varies continually in the different races and tribes of men. It varies, also, 
to a greater or less extent, among the individuals of the same race or tribe. 

2. That the different occipital forms may be divided into five classes or 
groups, which are reducible, however, to three. These are, Ist. The pro- 
tuberant or prominent occiput, with the upper or parietal half somewhat 
fiattened, so as to present an inclined or shelving appearance. (See p. 399.) 
2d. The vertically flattened. 3d. The inferiorly flattened or compressed, in 
which the basal portion of the occiput slants upwards and backwards, as is 
shown in a strongly marked degree, in the Sandwich Islander head, fig. 69, 
on page 340 of ‘‘ Indigenous Races of the Earth.’’ 4th. The round. And 
5th. The globular. As the last two merge more or less into each other, and 
as the third form may be regarded as, in many instances, a modification of 
the second, these five forms may, with greater simplicity, be thrown into three 
groups, viz.:—Ist. The prominent and oval, or superiorly inclined. 2d. The 
perpendicularly flattened. And 3d. The more or less round or globular. 

3. That to the first of these groups belong the Norwegians, Swedes, and 
some other Scandinavians; the Frisians and Batavians,* among the low 
Germans ; the Anglo-Saxons and Anglo-Americans, the form of the occiput in 
these being between that of the Swedes and Germans; the Celtic Irish, and 
some tribes of the ancient Britons ; the Phoenicians, Circassians, Armenians, 
Affghans, Baluchi; some of the Egyptians and Arabs, the Fellahs, Abys- 
sinians, and Guanchés of the Canary Isles ; some of the Hindoos and Chinese ; 
the Loo-Chooans, certain Malays ; the Eskimos, Kamskatkans, Reindeer Tun- 
gus, Icelanders, Techuktchi, Unalaschkans, some of the Kanakas, Tahitians, 
and others of the Sandwich Islands, Marquesans, of Nukahivah, New 
Zealanders, Feejeeans, and most of the African tribes. Among the aboriginal 
Americans, this form is exhibited by the Arickarees, Assinaboins, Cherokees, 
Chippeways ; some of the Kootenays, Creeks, and Dacotas; by the Hurons, 
and probably the [linois; by some of the Iroquois and most of the Lenapes ; 
by the Mandans, Minetaris, Menominees, Miamis, Mohawks, and most of the 
Narragansetts, the Naticks, some of the Osages, Ottawatomies. Pawnees, and 
Sauks; by most of the Seminoles, by the Shawnees, Shoshone, Upsarookas, 
Californians, Cayugas, Cheyennes, Choctaws, Massasaugas, Mingos, Naum- 
keags, Mayas of Central America; by some of the Araucanians, the Charibs, 
Patagonians, Brazilians, Aymaras, and by some of the ancient Mound Builders, 
Peruvians, and Mexicans. 

In the kumbekephalic variety of skulls, this form of occiput is often very 
much exaggerated, as is seen in certain ancient Cimbrian, Ostrogoth, and Bur- 
gundian heads ; in some Egyptians and Celtic Irish, and in one Creek Indian 
skull. 

4. That of the second form of occiput, or that in which the hind-head is 
more or less vertically flattened, we find examples in some of the ancient in- 
habitants of Scandinavia ; the Lapps, Samoiedes, Iberians, or Basques of the 
Pyrenees; the ancient Pelasgi; Cossacks, Hungarians, Candaharians, some 
Arabs; one Chinese, the Siamese, some Malays and Javanese ; certain tribes 
of the Transgangetic, or Indo-Chinese Peninsula, and occasionally among 
the Tahitians. To this group belong, also, the skulls of Chetimache, Natchez, 
Otoe, Kenehawha, Oneida, Seneca, and Puelche Indians; likewise a portion 
of the Kootenays, Lenapes, Miamis, Osages, Ottawas, Pottawatomies, 
Shoshones, Araucanians, Peruvians, and the majority of the Mound Builders. 

Examples of the inferiorly flattened modification of, or deviation from this 
type, are found in some of the Malays, Polynesians, &c. 


* See Catalogus Craniorum Diversarum Gentium que Collegit, J. Van der Hoeven, p. 14. 


[Sept. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 415 


5. That the third form, in which the occiput is full and rounded, or 
globular, comprises the Danes, Finns, Esthonians ; the short-headed Germans, 
whose crania, in general conformation, occupy a place between those of the 
Swedes and Finns ; the Dutch, some tribes of the ancient Britons ; the Sclaves, 
Turks, Greeks, Romans, Etrnscans, Persians, ancient Assyrians, some of the 
Egyptians, Hebrews, Copts, Hindoos ; some of the Chinese, Japanese, Bur- 
mese, Malays; the Kalmucks, Burats, and some of the Kanakas. To this 
group belong, of the American Indians, the Ottigamies, Penobscots, sais 
bagos, Yamasees, Chemasyans, Euchees, Nanticokes, Pocassets, Quinni- 
piacks, or Mohegans, and a portion of the Cheyennes, Creeks, Dacotas, 
Troquois, Narragansetts, Pawnees, Pottawatomies, Sauks, Seminoles, Arauca- 
nians, Peruvians, and Mound Builders. 

6. That the shelving or oval form of the occiput is most common in the 
dolichokephalic heads, and as these predominate in number over the brachy- 
kephalic, it is the most common form of all. Next comes the round or 
globular, and lastly the vertically flat—both these forms prevailing in the 
brachykephale. 

7. That there is a marked tendency of these forms to graduate into each 
other, more or less insensibly. None of these forms can be said to belong 
exclusively to any race or tribe. None of them, therefore, can be regarded as 
strictly typical, for, a character or form, to be truly typical, should be ex- 
clusive and constant. 


Dr. Fisher announced the death of A. M. C. Dumeéril, a correspon- 
dent of the Academy, at Paris. 


October 2nd. 
Mr. Lea, President, in the Chair. 


Forty members present. 

The following papers were presented for publication : 

“Descriptions of New Corals in the Museum of the Academy of 
Natural Sciences, by George H. Horn.” 

“The Reptilia of the ‘North Pacific Exploring Expedition, Capts. 
Ringgold and Rodgers, mostly collected by William Stimpson, by 
Edward Hallowell, M. D., edited by Edward D. Cope.” 

“« Systematic Catalogue, with Synonymy, &c., of Jurassic, Cretaceous 
and Tertiary Fossils, collected in Nebraska, by the Exploring Expedi- 
tions under the command of Lieut. G. K. Warren, of the U.S. Topog. 
Engineers, by F. B. Meek and F. V. Hayden, M. D. 

“Catalogue of Carboniferous Plants in the Museum of the Academy 
of Natural Sciences, with corrections in synonymy, descriptions of new 
species, &c., by Horatio C. Wood, Jr.” 

‘“‘ New Unionidz of the United States and Northern Mexico, by 
Isaac Lea.” 

And were referred to Committees. 

Mr. Cassin offered the following resolutions, which were adopted : 


Resolved, That the thanks of the Academy be presented to Mrs. Peter A. 
Browne, for the interesting and valuable collection of the hair of man, and of 
inferior animals, made by her late husband, an esteemed member of this 
Academy, and presented by her this evening. 

Resolved, That the right of giving orders for admission, and of endorsing 
tickets of admission to the Museum of this Academy on public days, be 


1860.] 


416 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


hereby conferred on Mrs. Peter A. Browne, and that she and her immediate 
family be invited and authorized to visit the Halland Library of this Academy 


whenever they think proper. 


October 9th. 
Mr. ASHMEAD in the Chair. 


Thirty members present. 


Dr. Leidy directed attention to three broken fossil teeth, which had been 
sent to him for examination by Dr. Shumard. They were from Washing- 
ton Co., Texas, and indicated a miocene formation like that of Nebraska, 
which has proved to be so rich in remains of extinct mammalia. Two of the 
specimens belonged to a species of Hippotherium; the other appeared to 
indicate a new equine genus, different from any of those obtained by Dr. 


Hayden on the Niobrara River. 


October 16th. 
Vice-President BRIDGES in the Chair. 


Forty-two members present. 

The following papers were presented for publication : 

‘‘ Descriptions of new species of Apodal Fishes in the Museum of 
the Academy of Natural Sciences, by Charles C. Abbott.” 

Descriptions of two new species of Pimelodus from Kansas, by 
Charles C. Abbott.” 

“Descriptions of four new species of North American Cyprinide, 
by Charles C. Abbott.” 

‘Description of a new species of Exocetus from Chili, by Charles 
C. Abbott. 

And were referred to a Committee. 

Dr. Leidy directed attention to three skulls, of which two belonged to the 
existing Dicotyles torquatus and D. labiatus; and the third, to the 
extinct D. compressus. Dr. L. then exhibited the fore part of the skull 
of another extinct Peccary, which had been sent to him for examination 
by Dr. David D. Owen, who states the specimen was found in digging a well, 
in Gibson Co., Indiana, some 30 or 40 feet below the surface. 


October 23d. 
Mr. Lea, President, in the Chair. 


Thirty-seven members present. 

The following papers were presented for publication : 

‘‘ Observations on American Tineina, by H. G. Stainton, of London, 
England.” 

“ Descriptions of new Carboniferous Fossils from Illinois and other 
Western States, by F. B. Meek and A. H. Worthen.” 

“The Stinging or Mound Ant, Myrmica (Atta) molifaciens, by 
5. B. Buckley.” 

[Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 417 


“Descriptions of several new species of Plants, by 8. B. Buckley.” 

“ Descriptions of new species of Tertiary and Cretaceous Fossils, by 
William M. Gabb.” 

And were referred to Committees. 


October 30th. 
Mr. Lz, President, in the Chair. 


Thirty-seven members present. 

The Committee on the paper of Mr. Wm. M. Gabb, “ Descriptions 
of new species of Tertiary and Cretaceous Fossils,’ reported in favor 
of its publication in the Journal of the Academy. 

On report of the respective Committees, the following papers were 
ordered to be published in the Proceedings: 


Systematic Catalogue, with Synonyma, &c., of Jurassic, Cretaceous and 
Tertiary Fossils collected in Nebraska, by the Exploring Expeditions under 
the command of Lieut. G. K. Warren, of U. 8. Topographical Engineers. 


BY F. B. MEEK AND F. V. HAYDEN. 


Of the 276 species and varieties enumerated in the following catalogue, 25 are 
from Jurassic rocks, 194 from Cretaceous, and the remaining 57 from Tertiary 
strata. None of the Jurassic species are known to occur in this country east 
of the Black Hills, or south of the middle of eastern Utah, though some of 
them will probably be found in New Mexico. One species is believed to be 
identical with Ostrea calceola of Roemer from the Jurassic rocks of Germany, 
and another (Ammonites cordiformis) is probably not distinct from A. cordatus. 
Sowerby, which occurs in the Jurassic series of England, France, Russia, &c. 
Nearly all the other Jurassic species mentioned in the list are‘ closely allied 
to forms common in the lower part of that system (the Lower Oolite aud 
Lias) in the old world, and several of them may prove identical on farther com- 
parison. 

Of the 194 Cretaceous species the following seven are common to the 
Nebraska and New Jersey beds viz.—Nautilus Dekayi, Ammonites placenta, 
A. complexus*, A. lobatus*, Scaphites Conradi, Baculites ovatus, and Gryphea 
vesicularis? ; and the following five species are probably common to Nebraska 
and foreign localities, viz.— Nautilus Dekayi, Inoceramus problematicus, Gry- 
phea vesicularis, Cucullea fibrosa, and Micorbacia coranula. 

The 57 Tertiary species are believed to be all distinct from foreign forms, and 
none of them have yet been found in this country east of Nebraska, or south 
of north eastern Utah. They are all, so faras known, extinct species. 


JURASSIC SPECIES. 


CEPHALOPODA. 
BELEMNITID#. 


1. Belemnites densus, Meek & Hayden, March 1858, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. 58. 


* We are indebted to Mr. Wm. M. Gabb, of Philada, for information in regard to the 
occurence of these two species in New Jersey. 


1860.] 


Ww 


Ww 


or 


1 


ies) 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


AMMONITID A. 
Ammonites cordiformis, M. & H. March 1858, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. 57. 
. Ammonites Henryi, M. & H. se a us 57. 
GASTEROPODA. 
VALVATIDA. 
. *Valvata? scabrida, Meek & Hayden (Manuscript). 
LIMN AIDA. 
. *Planorbis veternus, Meek & Hayden (Manuscript). 
CONCHIFERA. 
ANATINID&. 
. Thracia? sublevis, M. & H. May 1860, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 182. 
. Thracia? arcuata, M. &H. 35 a B: 182. 
Myacites Nebrascensis, M.& H. cs WG 182. 


. Myacites subellipticus, M. & H. 


Panopa (Myacites) subelliptica, M. & H. March 1858, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. 52. 


». Pholadomya humilis, M.&H. March 1858, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 52. 


CARDIADZ. 


Cardium [Protocardum?] Shumardi, M. & H. May 1860, Pr. Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila. 182. 


2. Tancredia Warrenana, M. &.H, May 1860, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 183. 


13. Tancredia? exquilateralis, i re ot 183. 
ASTARTIDA. 
. Astarte fragilis, M. & H. May 1860, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 183. 
5. Astarte inornata,M.&H. “ 6 a 183. 
UNIONIDZ. 


. *Unio nucalis, M. & H. March 1858, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 52. 


MYTILIDA. 


. Modiola pertenuis, Meek & Hayden. 


Mytilus pertenuis, M. & H. Marclt 1858, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 51. 
AVICULIDA. 


. Monotis curta, Hall sp. 


Avicula curta, Hall, 1852, Capt. Stansbury’s Report Exp. to Gt. Salt Lake, 
412, pl. 2, fig. 1, a and 6. 
Avicula (Monotis,) tenuicostata M. & H. March 1858, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. 50. 


TRIGONIAD A. 


. Trigonia Conradi, M. & H. May 1860, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 183. 


*These three species are only ranged provisionally in the Jurassic list, 


(Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 419 


ARCAD &. 


20. Grammatodon inornatus, Meek & Hayden. 
Arca (Cucullea) inornaia, M. & H. March 1858, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 51. 


PECTENID A. 
21. Pecten extenuatus, M, & H. May 1860, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 184. 


OSTREAD &. 
22. Ostrea (Gryphea?) calceala, Roemer, ii. 25, t. 18, fig. 19. 
BRACHIOPODA. 


LINGULID A. 
23. Lingula brevirostra, M. & H. March 1858, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci, Phila. 50. 
24. Rhynchonella ——? 


RADIATA. 
ECHINODERMATA. 


PENTACRINID A. 
. Pentacrinus asteriscus, M.& H. Mar. 1858, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 49. 


CRETACEOUS SPECIES. 
ARTICULATA. 
ANNELIDA. 
TUBICOLA. 
26. Serpula? tenuicarinata, M.& H. May1857, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 134. 


MOLLUSCA. 


CHPHALOPODA. 
TEUTHIDA. 
27. Phylloteuthis subovatus, M. & H. May1860, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 175. 
BELEMNITIDA. 
28. Belemnitella bulbosa, M. &H. March 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 70. 
NAUTILIDA. 


29. Nautilus Dekayi, Morton, 1834, Synop. Or. Rem. 33, pl. 8, fig. 4, and 
pl. 13, fig. 4. 


be 
or 


AMMONITID. 


30. *Ammonites percarinatus, Hall & Meek, 1854, Mem. Am. Acad. Arts 
and Sci. Boston, v. N.S. pl. iv. fig. 2. 


*This species was first figured and described from young, or immature specimens, 
which differ remarkably from the adult. We have subsequently scen individuals of 
various sizes, which lead us to think it will probably prove to be identical with A. Woolgari, 
of Mantell, from the English chalk, 


1860.] 


40, 


Lie 
Lo 


0 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


. Ammonites vermilionensis, M. & H. May 1869, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. 


Phila, 177. 


. Ammonites complexis, Hall & Meek, 1854, Mem. Am. Arts and Sci. 


Boston, v. N. 8. 394, pl. iv. fig. 1. 


. Ammonites Halli, M. & H. March 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 70. 
34. Ammonites placenta, Dekay, 1827, New York Lyc. Nat. ii. pl. 5, fig. 2. 


(Non A. placenta Leckenby, 1858.) 


- Ammonites placenta, var. intercalaris, M. & H. Pr. Acad.Nat. Sci. Phil.177. 
. Ammonites lobatus, Tuomey, 1854, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. vii. 168, 


Ammonites lenticularis, Owen, 1852 Report Iowa, Wiscon. and Min. tab. 8. 
fig. 5 (non A. lenticularis of Phillips, 1825). 


. Scaphites Mandanensis, Morton sp. 


Ammonites Mandanensis, Morton, 1841, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. viii. 208, 
pl. 10; figs 2. 


Scaphites Mandanensis, Meek & Hayden, Nov. 1836, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. 


Phila. 281. 


. Scaphites abyssinus, Morton sp. 
Scaphites Mandanensis? Meek & Hayden, Nov. 1836, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. 


Phila. 281. 


. Seaphites Cheyennensis, Owens 


Ammonites Nebrascensis, Owen, 1852. Report Wiseon. Iowa and Min. pl. 7, fig. 2 
Ammonites Cheyennensis, Owen, cH “ pl. 8, fig. 2. 
Ammonites Moreauensis, Owen, ‘ cf cs 1. 8, fig. 2 


Scaphites Conradi (pars), Meek & Hayden, Noy. 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. 


Phila. 281. 


Scaphites Conradi, Morton sp. 

Ammonites Conradi, Morton, 1834, Synop. Org. Rem. 39, pl. 16, fig. 1, 2, 3. 
Ammonites Dane, d’Orbigny, 1850, Prodrom. de Palwont. ii. 213. 
Scaphites Conradi, d’Orbigny, 1850, te at 214. 


. Scaphites Conradi, var. gulosus, Morton sp. 


bo 


Ammonites var, gulosus, Morton, 1854, Synopsis Org. Rem. 39. pl. xvi. fig. 


2. Scaphites Nicolletii, Morton sp. 


Ammonites Nicolletii, Morton, 1841, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.viii. pl. 10, fig. 3. 
Scaphites comprimus [2 alt Owen, Report Wiscon. Iowa and Min, tab. 7, fig. 4, 


Scaphites Nicolletii, Meek & Hayden, Nov. 1856, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 


281. 


3. Scaphites (Ammonites?) nodosus, Owen, 1852, Report Iowa, Wiscon. 


and Min. 581, tab. 8, fig. 4. 


. Scaphites nodosus var. plenus, M.&H. May 1860, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. 


Phila. 177. 


. Scaphites nodosus var. brevis, Meek & Hayden (MSS.) 

. Scaphites nodosus var. quadrangulus, Meek & Hayden (MSS.) 

. Scaphites nodosusvar. exilis, Meek & Hayden. 

. Scaphites larveformis, M. &H. March 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 58. 
. Scaphites Warreni, M.& H. May 1860, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 177. 


50. Ancyloceras? uncus, Meek & Hayden. 


Ancyloceras (Hamites) uncus, M. & H. Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 56. 
[Oct. 


Es 


—— 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 421 


51. Helicoceras Mortoni, Hall & Meek, sp. 
Hamites Mortoni, Hall & Meek, 1854, Mem. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci. vy. N.S. 


pl. iv. fig. 3 
Helicoceras tenuicostatum, M. &.H. March 1858, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 5 


52. Helicoceras cochleatum, Meek & Hayden. 
Turrilites (Helicoceras) cochleatus, M. & H. March 1858, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. 


Phila, 55. 
Helicoceras cochleatum. M. & H. May 1860, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila, 185. 


53. Helicoceras Nebrascense, Meek & Hayden. 
Ancyloceras ? Nebrascensis, M. & H. March 1856, Pre pels: Nat. Sci. Phila. 71. 


Turrilites Nebrascensis, M. & H. Nov. 1856, ue 280. 
54. Helicoceras tortum, M. & H, March 1858, ue 6“ 54. 


55. Helicoceras Cheyennense, Meek & Hayden, 
Ancyloceras ? Cheyennense, M. & H. March 1856, — BON Nat. Sci. Phila. 71. 


Turrilites Cheyennensis, M. & H. Nov. 1856, ce 280, 
56. Helicoceras angulatum, M.& H.May1860, “ wy 176. 


57. Helicoceras umbilicatum, Meek & Hayden. 
Turrilites 2 umbilicatus, M. & H. March 1858, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 56. 


Flelicoceras umbilicatum, M. & H, May 1860. 4 se 185. 
58. Ptychoceras Mortoni, M,&H. May 1857, Ue us 134. 
59. Baculites ovatus, Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. vi. pl. v. fig. 5, 6. 


60. Baculites grandis, Hall & Meek, 1854, Mem. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci. 
Boston, v. N. 8. 402. 


61. Baculites asperoides, Meek & Hayden (MSS.) 

62. Baculites compressus, Say, Am. Jour. Sci. ii. 41. 
63. Aptychus Cheyennensis, Meek & Hayden (MSS.) 
64. Aptychus fragilis, Meek & Hayden (MSS.) 


GASTEROPODA. 
MURICID. 

65. Fusus (Neptunea) Dakotensis, M. & H. March 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. 

Phila. 65. 
66. Fusus (Pyrifusus?) New berryi, M. & H. March 1857, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. 

Phila. 66. 
67. Fusus subturritus, M. & H. May 1857, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 139. 
68. Fusus intertextus, M. & H. we a a: 3i)r 
69. Fusus? flexicostatus, M,&H. March 1856, “ tt 66- 
70. Fusus Vaughani, M. & H. May 1857, a a: 139). 


71. *Fusus vinculum, Hall & Meek sp. 
Buccinum ? vinculum, H. & M. Mem.Acad. Sci. and Arts, Bos.v.N.S. pl. 3, fig. 5. 
Fusus vinculum, M. & H. May 1860, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 183. 


72. Fusus Scarboroughi, M.&H.May 1857, “ sé 139. 


*Itis not improbable that this species may be found to possess affinities to some section 
of the genus Tritontum Link. It is certainly not a true Buccinum. 


1860. ] 


422 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


. Fusus Culbertsoni, M. & H. March 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 66. 


Fusus Haydeni, Hvans & Shumard, 1857, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 41. 


74. Fusus Galpinanus, M.&H. March 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 65. 
75. Fusus? tenuilineatus, Hall & Meek, 1854, Mem. Am. Acad. Arts and 
Sci. Boston, v. N.S. 394, pl. 3, fig. 9. 
76. Busycon Bairdi, Meek & Hayden. 
Pyrula Bairdi, M. & H. March 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 66. 
Busycon Bairdi, M. & H. June 1856, “ « 126. 
TURRITIDA. 
77. Turris minor, Evans & Shumard sp. 
Pleurotoma minor, E. & §. 1857, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, i. 41. 
78. Turris contortus, Meek & Hayden. 
Fusus contortus, M. & H. March 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 65. 
Pleurotoma contoria, M. & H. May 1860, “ & 183. 
BUCCINID&. 
79. Buccinum constrictum, Hall & Meek sp. 
Fusus constrictum, H. & M. Mem. Am, Acad. Arts and Sci. Boston, v. 391, 
pl. 3, fig. 7. 
30. Pseudobuccinum Nebrascense, Meek & Hayden. 
Buccinum? Nebrascense, M. & H. March 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 67. 
Pseudobuccinum Nebrascense, M, & H. May 1857, ‘“ a 140. 
FASCIOLARIADA. 

81. Fasciolaria? cretacea, M. & H. March 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 66. 
82. Fasciolaria buccinoides,M.&H. “ ec ee 67. 
NATICIDA. 

83. Natica (Lunatia) subcrassa, M.& H. April 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. 87. 
84. Natica(Lunatia) Moreauensis, M.& H. Mar. 1856, “ a 64, 
85. Natica (Lunatia) occidentalis,M.&H. “* oe fe 64. 

86. Amauropsis paludineformis, Hall & Meek, sp. 
Natica paludineformis, H. & M. 1854, Mem. Am. Sci. and Arts, Boston, v. 
389) ipl. 35 fig. 3. 
Amauropsis palludineformis, M. & H, May 1860, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 185. 
SCALIDA. 
87. Scala (Acirsa) cerithiformis, Meek & Hayden. 
Scalaria cerithiformis, M. & H. March 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Bn 63. 
Turbonilla cerithiformis, M. & H. May 1860, re 185. 
CERITHIOPSIDA. 
38. Cerithiopsis Moreauensis, Meek & Hayden. 
Turritella Moreauensis, M. & H. March 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. eEIE A: 70. 
Cerithiopsis Moreauensis, M. & H. May 1860, et 185. 
STROMBID A. 
39. Gladius? Cheyennensis, Meek & Hayden. 


Rostellaria fusiformis, H. & M. 1854, Mem. Acad. Sci, and Arts, Boston, v 
N S. pl. 3, fig. 10. 
(Non &. fusiformis, Pictet & Roux, 1848.) “ 
[ Oct. 


ay 


94, 


100. 


101. 


102. 
103. 


104. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 423 


Oo 


APORRHAIDA. 


Aporrhais Americana, Evans & Shumard sp. 
Rostellaria Americana, BE. & S. 1857, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci. i. 42. 


Aporrhais Nebrascensis, Evans & Shumard, sp. 
Rostellaria Nebrascensis, E. & S. Aug. 1854, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 164, 


2. Aporrhais sublevata, M. & H. May 1860, “ He 178. 
. Aporrhais biangulata, Meek & Hayden, 


Rostellaria biangulata, M. & H. March 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 65. 


Aporrhais biangulata, M. & H. May 1860, a Os 185. 
Aporrhais parva, M. & H.! rt x ee 178. 
LITORINIDA. 


. Fossar? Nebrascensis, Meek & Hayden. 


Natica ambigua, M. & H. March 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 66. 
(Non Fossar ambiguus, Lin. sp.) 


NERITOPSIDAi. 


Neritopsis? Tuomeyana, Meek & Hayden. 
Natica Tuomeyana, M. & H. Nov. 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 270. 


TROCHID A. 


. Margarita Nebrascensis, Meek & Hayden. 


Turbo Nebrascensis, M. & H. March 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 64. 
Margarita Nebrascensis, M & H. May 1860, we us 185. 


. *Margaritella flexistriata, Evans & Shumard sp. 


Solarium flexistriatum, E. & S. Aug. 1854, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 163. 
DENTALIADA. 


Dentalium gracile, H. & M.1854, Mem. Am. Acad. Arts. and Sci. Boston, 
WevNemSseplo fie. al. 


Dentalium pauperculum, M. & H. May 1860, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. 178. 


TECTURIDA. 


Tectura occidentalis, Hall & Meek, sp. 
Capulus occidentalis, H. & M. 1854, Mem. Am. Acad. Sci. and Arts, Boston, 
N. S. p. 385, fig. 13. 


Tectura ? parva, Meek & Hayden (manuscript.) 


Tectura? papillata, Meek & Hayden. 
Capulus fragilis, M. & H. March 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 68. 
(Non Tectura fragilis, Gray & Gamard.) 


“4 


Anisomyon borealis, Morton sp. 

Hipponyz borealis, Morton. 1842, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. viii, pl. 11. fig. 6. 
Helcion carinatus, M. & H. March 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 68. 
Anisomyon borealis, M. & H. Jan. 1860, Am. Jour. Sci. xxviii. 2d ser. 35. 


. Anisomyon Shumardi, Meek & Hayden (manuscript). 


*We propose to establish a new genus, under the name of Margaritella, for the 
reception of many pearly Jurassic and Cretaceous shells usually referred to Solarium. 
It is evident from the pearly lustre, and other characters of these fossil shells, that they 
do not even belong to the same family as our recent typical species of the genus Archi- 
tectonica (= Solarium.) The above species may be regarded as the type of the genus. 


1860.] 


107. 


108. 


109. 


110. 


111. 


113. 
114. 
alae 
116, 


Malivfe 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


. Anisomyon patelliformis, Meek & Hayden. 


Helcion patelliformis, M. & H, March 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 68. 
Anisomyon patelliformis, M. & H. Jan. 1860, Am. Jour. Sci. xxviii. 2d. ser. 
36,) pl. 1: 


Anisomyon subovatus, Meek & Hayden. 
Helcion subovatus, M. & H. March 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 68. 
Anisomyon subovatus, M. & H. Jan. 1860, Am. Jour. Sci. xxviii. 2d ser. 35. 


Anisonmyon alveolatus, Meek & Hayden. 
Helcion alveolatus, M. & H. March 1256, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 68. 
Ansiomyon alveolatus, M. & H. Jan. 1860, Am. Jour. Sci. xxxviii. 2d ser. 35. 


Anisomyon sexsulcatus, Meek & Hayden. 
Helcion sexsulcatus, M. & H. March 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 68. 
Anisomyon sexsulcatus, M. & H. Jan. 1860, Am. Jour. Rice XXXViil. 2d ser. 35 


SOLIDULID&. 


Solidula subelliptica, Meek & Hayden. 
Acteon subelliptica, M. & H. March 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 63. 
Solidulus (Acteonina ?) subelliptica, M. & H. May 1860, ‘ us 185. 


Solidula (Acteonina?) attenuata, Meek & Hayden. 
Acteon (solidulus) attenuata, M. & H. Mar, 1858, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 54. 
Solidulus attenuatus, M. & H. May 1860, ce ee 185. 


. Cinulia concinna, Hall & Meek, sp. 


Acteon concinna, H. & M. 1854, Mem. Am, Acad. Arts and Sci. Boston, v. 
N.S. pl. 3, fig. 4. 
Avellana subglobosa, M. & H. March 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 64. 


BULLIDA, 
Bulla occidentalis, M. &H. March 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 69. 
Bulla minor, M. & H. ce ut ee 69. 
Bulla volvaria, M. & H. i we a 69. 


Bulla speciosa, Meek & Hayden. 
Bulla subcylindrica, M. & H. Nov. 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 270 


(Non B. subcylindrica, dOrbigny, 1847). ‘i 
Bulla speciosa, M. & H. May 1860, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 185. 
CYLICHNIDA. 


Cylichna scitula, M. & H. May 1840, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 178. 


CONCHIFERA. 
PHOLADIDA. 


. Pholas? Stimpsoni, Meek & Hayden. 


Xylophaga Stimpsoni, M. & H. May 1857, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 141. 


. Pholas (Martesia) cuneata,M,&H.Mar. 1858, <“‘ bs. 

. Xylophaga elegantula, M. & H. May 1857, ae ub 141. 

. Teredo selliformis, M. & H. May 1860, £ oe 178. 

. Teredo globosa, M.& H. March 1858, hea «“ 53. 
SAXICAVIDA. 


. Panopea occidentalis, M.& H. Nov. 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 270. 


[Oct. 


bo 


133. 


140. 


141. 


142. 
143. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 425 


SOLENID A, 


. Pharella? Dakotensis, Meek & Hayden. 


Solen? Dakotensis, M. & H. May 1857, Pr. Acad. Nat, Sci. Phila, 242. 
CORBULID A. 


. Corbula crassimarginata, Meek & Hayden (MSS.) 
. Corbula inornata, M. & H. March 1858, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 52. 
. Corbulamella gregarea, Meek & Hayden. 


Corbula? gregarea, M. & H. April 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 84. 
Corbulamella gregarea, M. & H. May 1857, ut 143. 


, Neera ventricosa, Meek & Hayden. 


Corbula ventricosa, M. & HL April.1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 83. 
Weera ventricosa, M. & H. May 1860, x “ 183, 


. Nexra Moreauensis, Meek & Hayden. 


Corbula Moreauensis, M. & H. Ap, 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 83. 
Neera Moreauensis, M. & H. May 1860, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 185. 


ANATINIDA. 


. Thracia subtortuosa, Meek & Hayden. 


Tellina subtortuosa, M. & H, Noy. 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 272. 


. Thracia gracilis, Meek & Hayden. 


Tellina gracilis, M. & H. April 1855, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 82. 
Thracia? gracilis, M. & H. Nov. 1856, “ “ 284. 
Thracia Prouti, Meek & Hayden. 

Tellina Prouti, M. & H. April 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 85. 


Pholadomya (?) fibrosa, Meek & Hayden. 
Avicula (2) fibrosa, M. & i, Ap. 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila. 86. 
Pholadomya fibrosa, M. & H., Nov. 1856, ss SU ORG 


. Pholadomya subventricosa, M. & H., May, 1857, Pr. Acad. Nat. 


Phila. 142. 


5. Pholadomyaundata, M. & H., Ap. 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 81. 


MACTRID &. 


;. Mactra (Trigonella?) formosa, Meek & Hayden, Nov. 1856, Pr. Ac. 


Nat. Sci. Phila. 271. 


. Mactra (Trigonella?) alta, M. & H., Nov. 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. 


Phila, 271. 


. Mactra (Trigonella?) siouxensis, M. & H. May, 1860, Pr. Acad. Nat. 


Sci. Phila. 179. 


. Mactra (Trigonella?) Warrenana, M. & H., Nov. 1856, Pr. Acad. 


Nat. Sci. Phila. 281. 
Mactra (Trigonella?) gracilis, M. & H., May, 1860, Pr. Acad. Nat. 


Sci. Phila. 179. 
TELLINID &. 


Tellina equilateralis, Meek & Hayden, Ap. 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phila. 82. 


Tellinascitula, M. & H., Ap. 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 82. 
Tellina (?) formosa, M.& H., May 1860, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 179. 


1860.] 


426 
144. 


145. 


146. 


147. 


148. 


149. 


150. 


151. 


160. 


161. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Tellina (?) subelliptica, M. & H., Ap. 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. 83. 


Tellina (?) Cheyennensis, M. & H., Ap. 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. 82. 
VENERID &. 


Venus circularis, Meek & Hayden, Nov. 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. 272. 

Meretrix tenuis, Hall & Meek, sp. 

Cytherea tenuis, Hall & Meek, 1854, Mem. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci. 
Boston, v. N. §. 383, pl. 1, fig. 8. 

Meretrix tenuis, M. & H., May 1860, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 185. 


Meretrix pellucida, Meek & Hayden. 
Cytherea pellucida, M. & H., Nov. 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila. 272. 
Meretrix pellucida, M. & H. "May 1860, ot oe ison Isha) 


Meretrix Deweyi, Meek & Hayden. 
Cytherea Deweyi, M. & H., Ap. 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 83. 
Meretrix Deweyi, M. & H. ; May 1860, s asm = 5 


Meretrix O wenana, Meek & Hayden. 
Cytherea Owenana, M. & H., Nov. 1856, Pr. Acad. _ Nat. Sei. Phila. 273. 
Meretrix Owenana, M. & H. | May 1860, so Pouisa- 


Meretrix orbiculata, Hall & Meek, sp. 
Cytherea orbiculata, Hall & Meek, 1854, Mem. Acad. Arts and Sci. Boston, 
VerNeSe Plead ignden 
Meretrix orbiculata, Meek & Hayden, May 1860, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila, 185. 
CYPRINID A. 


. Cyprina arenarea, Meek & Hayden, May 1857, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci 


Phila. 143. 


. Cyprina subtumida, M. & H., May 1857, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. 


Phila. 144. 


. Cyprinahumilis, M. & H., May 1860, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 179. 
. Cyprina ovata, M. & H., May 1857, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 144, 


CARDID Ai. 


. Bucardia? Moreauensis, Meek & Hayden. 


Cyprina cordata, M. & H., May 1857, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 143. 
(Non. B. cordata sp. Buckm.) 


. Tancredia Americana, Meek & Hayden. 


Hettangia Americana, M. & H., Nov. 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 274. 
Tancredia Americana M. & H., May 1860, ‘S “ of Sbe 


. Cardium speciosum, Meek & Hayden, Nov. 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. 


Phila. 274. 


. Cardiumrarum, Evans & Shumard, Trans. Acad. Nat. Sci. St. Lonis, 


ry Be 
Cardium subquadratum, E. &§., Trans. Acad. Nat. Sci. St. Louis, 
i. 39 
LUCINID &. 
Lucina occidentalis, Morton, sp. 


Tellina occidentalis, Morton, 1842, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. viii. pl. 
Ha igs: 


[ Oct. 


162, 


163. 


164. 


165. 


166. 


167. 


168. 


169. 


170. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 427 


Lucina occidentalis, M. & H., Nov. 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 272. 


Lucina subundata, Hall & Meek, 1854, Mem. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci. 
Boston, v. N. S. pl. 1, fig. 6. 


Lucina ventricosa, Meek & Hayden, (MSS.) 
SOLEMYID &. 

Solemyasubplicata, Meek & Hayden. 

Solen subplicata, M. & H., Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Ap. 1856, 82. 
ASTARTID A. 


Crassatella Evansi, Hall & Meek, 1854, Mem. Am. Acad. Arts and 
Sci. Boston, v. N.S. 383, pl. 1, fig. 9. 


Astarte gregaria, M. & H., Ap. 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 84. 


MYTILID #. 


Mytilus subarcuatus, Meek & Hayden, Nov. 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phila. 276. 


Modiola* Meekii, Evans & Shumard, sp. 

Mytilus Galpinianus, E. & S., Aug. 1854, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 164. 

Modiola attenuata, Meek & Hayden. 

Mytilus attenuatus, M. & H., Ap. 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 86. 
AVICULID. 


Aviculalinguiformis, Evans & Shumard, 1854, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. 163. 


. Aviculasubgibbosa, Meek & Hayden, May 1860, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. 


Phila. 180. 


. Avicula Nebrascana, Evans & Shumard, 1857, Trans. Acad. Sci. 


St. Louis, i. p. 38. 


. Avicula Haydeni, Hall & Meek, 1854, Mem. Am. Acad. Sci. and Arts, 


Boston, v. N.S. 382, pl. 1, fig. 5. 


. Gervillia subtortuosa, Meek & Hayden, Nov. 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. 


Sci. Phila. 276. 


. Inoceramus pertenuis, Meek & Hayden, Nov. 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. 


Sci. Phila. 276. 
Inoceramus ventricosus, M. & H. March 1856, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 87. 
(Non Z. ventricosus, Sowerby.) 


. Inoceramus pert enuis, var. subdepressus, Meek & Hayden. 
. Inoceramus subcompressus, Meek & Hayden, May 1860, Pr. Acad. 


Nat. Sci. Phila. 181. 


. Inoceramus fragilis, Hall & Meek, 1854, Mem. Am. Acad. Arts and 


Sci. Boston, v. N. S. 388, pl. 2, fig. 6. 


. Inoceramus problematicus, Schlot. sp. ? 


Mytilites problematicus Schlotheim, Petrefact. 312. 
Inoceramus mytiloides, Mantell, 1822, Geol. Sussex, pl. 27, fig. 3 and pl. 
28, fig. 2. 


* The name Velsella Scopoli may have to be adopted for this genus, 


1860.] 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Inoceramus problematicus, d’Orbigny, 1843, Paleont. France. t. iii. 510, 
pl. 406 


. Inoceramus pseudo-mytiloides, Schiel., 1855, ii. Pacif. Rail Road 


Rept. 108, pl. 3, fig. 8. 


. Inoceramus aviculoides, M. & H. May 1860, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. 


Phila. 181. 


2. Inoceramus sublaevis, Hall & Meek, 1854, Mem. Acad. Arts and Sci. 


v. N. 8. 386, pl. 2, fig. 1. 


. Inoceramus convexus, Hall & Meek, 1854, Am. Ac. Arts and Sci. 


v. N.S. 386, pl. 2, fig. 2. 


. Inoceramus tenuilineatus, H. & M., 1854, Am. Ac. Arts and Sci. 


v. N.S. 386, pl. 2, fig. 3. 


5. Inoceramus cuneatus, M. &H., May 1860, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 181. 
. Inoceramus Sagensis, Owen, (?) 1852, Report, Survey Min. Iowa 


and Wiscon. 582, tab. vii. fig. 3. 
Inoceramus incurvus, M. & H., Nov. 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. 277. 


88. Inoceramus umbonatus, M. & H., March 1858, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. 


Phila. 50. 
189. Inoceramus Mortoni, M. & H., (MSS.) 
190. Inoceramus Nebrascensis, Owen, 1852, Rept. Iowa, Wiscon. and 
Min. 582, pl. 8. fig. 1. 
191. Inoceramus Vanuxemi,M. &H., May 1860, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. 180. 
192. Inoceramus Balchii, M. & H., ee ce 5 ce 180. 


193. Arcasulcatina, Evans & Shumard, 1857, Trans. St. Louis Ac. Sci. 39. 


. Arcaexigua, Meek & Hayden. 


Cucullea exigua, M. & H., Nov. 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. 275. 


195. Cucullea fibrosa, Sowerby, 1818, Min. Conch. iii. 9. 


199. 


200. 


201. 


Arca fibrosa, d’Orbigny, 1843, Paleont. France. t. iii. 212, pl. 312. 
Arca (cucullea) Shumardi, M. & H., Ap. 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. 86. 


§. Cucullea cordata, Meek & Hayden. 


Arca (cucullea) cordata, M. & H., Ap. 1856, Pr. pac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 86. 
Cucullea cordata, M. & iE Nov. 1856, 4: One 


. Cucullea Nebrascensis, Owen, 1852, Rept. Wiscon. Iowa and Min. 


582. pl.8, igs 1 as 


. Axineasiouxensis, Hall & Meek, sp. 


Pectunculus siouxensis, H. & M., 1854, Mem. Ac. Arts and Sci. Boston, y. 


N. S. 384, pl. 1, fig. 12. 
Axinea siouxensis, M. & H. May 1860, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 185. 


Axinea subimbricata, Meek & Hayden. 
Pectunculus subimbricatus, M. & H. , May 1857, Pr. Ac. Nat. JBeL Phila. 146. 
Azinea subimbricatus, M. & H., May 1860, os ibd treet) 


Limopsis parvula, Meek & Hayden. 
Pectunculina parvula, 'M. & H., Ap. 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 86. 
Limopsis parvula, M. & H., Nov. 1856, ‘A Hf se 285. 


LEDIDZ. 


Leda (Yoldia) scitula, Meek & Hayden. 

Nucula scitula, M. & H., Ap. 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci, Phila. 84. 

Leda scitula, M. & Ee May 1860, 59 
: [Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 429 


. Leda (Yoldia) Evansi, Meek & Hayden. 


Nucula Evansi, M. & H., Ap. 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 84. 
Leda Evansi, M. & H., May 1860, es ee mealcty, 


. Leda (Yoldia) ve néri cosa, Hall & Meek, sp. 


Nucula ventricosa, H. & M., 1854, Mem. Ac. Arts and Sci. Boston, v. N. 
S. 385, pl. 1, fig. 11. (Non. WV. ventricosa, Hind, 1843.*) 


. Leda (Yoldia) subnasuta, Hall & Meek, sp. 


Nucula subnasuta, H. & M., Mem. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci. Boston, v 
N. 8. 384, pl. 1, fig. 11. 


NUCULID A. 
205. Nuculaequilateralis, M. & H., Ap. 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. 84. 
206. Nuculasubplana, M. & H., ee e se oc. 80% 
207. Nuculacancellata, M. & H., “f & ve Gos 
208. Nucula planimarginata, M. &H., * “6 gs CON EI 
209. Nuculaabsoletastriata,M.&H., * cs UL 2ioe 
PECTENID J. 
210. Pecten rigida, Hall & Meek, 1854, Mem. Am. Ac. Sci. and Arts, 


217. 
218. 


219. 


Boston, v. N. 8. 381, pl. 2, fig. 4, a, b, ¢ 


. Pecten Nebrascensis, M.& H., Ap. 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. 87. 


ANOMIAD &. 


. Anomia obliq ua, M. & H., May 1860, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 181, 
. Anomia subtrigonatis, M. & H., May 1860, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. 


Phila. 181. 
OSTREADA. 


. Ostreainornata, M. & H., May 1860, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 181. 
. Ostrea translucida, Meek & Hayden, (MSS.) 


Ostrea larva, Hall & Meek, (non. Lamarck) 1854, Mem. Acad. Arts and 
Sci. Boston, v. N. 8. 406. 


. Ostrea congesta, Conrad, 1843, Nicollet’s Report, Explor. N. W. 


Territories, 167. 
Ostrea patina, M. & H., 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 277. 


Gyphea vesicularis, Lamarck? sp. 
Ostrea vesicularis, Lamarck, 1860, Am. Mus. viii. 160, T. 22, fig. 3. 


Ostrea deltoidea, Lamarck, # 4nd xiv. t. 21, pars. 
Ostrea vesicularis of numerous pets a 


BRACHIOPO DA? 


HIPPURITID &. 


Caprinella ? coraloidea, Hall & Meek, 1854, Mem. Am. Ac. Arts and 
Sci. Boston, v. N.S. 381, pl. 2, fig. 3. 


* Should Nucula ventricosa of Hinds prove to bea true Leda, it will become neces- 
sary to give our Nebraska shell a new specific name, in which case we would propose 


to call it Leda exigua. 
1860.] 30 


430 


iw) 
ho 
c=) 


221. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


RADIATA. 
FUNGID &. 


. Macrobacia coronula, Goldf., sp. Petrefact. Germ. i. 50, tab. 14, fig. 10. 


TERTIARY SPECIES. 


GASTEROPODA. 


CERITHIADA. 


Cerithium (Cerithidea?) Nebrascensis, M. & H., June 1860, Pr. Ac. 
Nat. Sci. Phila. 125. 


MELANIAD 4. 


. Melania? Warreni, M. & H., May 1857, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 137. 


223. Melania subtortuosa, M.&H., st 6¢ “ cn one 
2994. Melania Nebrascensis, M. & H., June 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. 124. 
225. Melania tenuicarinata, M. & H., May 1857, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. 137. 
226. Melania convexa, M. &H. 
Turritella convexa, M. & H., March, 1858, iPr Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila fis 
Melania convexra, M. & H., Conta One 
227. Melaniasublevis, M. & He; < cs ‘ COMET SG: 
228. Melania? Anthonyi,M.&H., ‘ sé “e ‘6 494. 
929. Melania minitula, M. & H., June 1856, ‘ Jt 66993, 
VIVIPARID A. 
230. Vivipara Conradi, Meek & Hayden. 


236. 


Paludina Conradi, M. & H., June 1856, Pr. Ac. Ae Sci. Phila. 122. 
Vivipari Conradi, M. & H., May 1860, ag “ 6 185, 


. Vivipara Nebrascensis, Meek & Hayden. 


Paludina multilineata, M. & HL, June 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 120. 
(Non. P. multilineata, Say, 1829. 


Vivipara multilineati, M. & H., May, 1860, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 195. 


. Vivipara Leai, Meek & aden. 


Paludina Leai, M. & H., June 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 121. 
Vivipara Leai, M. & H., May 1860, ue “185. 


. Vivipara vetusta, Meek & Hayden. 


Paludina vetusta, M. Ooi 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 121. 


. Vivipara retusa, Meek & Hayden. 


Paludina retusa, M. & H., June 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 122. 
Vivipara retusa, M. & H., May 1860, oC ‘185. 


. Vivipara trochiformis, Meek & Hayden. 


Paludina trochiformis, M. & H., June 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 122. 
Paludina Leidyi, ? M. & H., “493. 
Vivipara trochiformis, M. & H. ., May pene “é 7: tc SpaR: 


VALVATID&. 


Valvata subumbilicata, Meek & Hayden. 
[Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 431 


Planorbis subumbilicata, M. & H., June 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1 120. 


Valvata subumbilicata, M. & H. , May 1860, Pe 185. 
237. Valvata parvula, M. & H., June 1856, ss ne sour 21:25; 
HELICIDA. 
238. Columna ? teres, Meek & Hayden. 
Bulimus ? teres, M. & H., June, 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila. 117. 
239. Columna ? vermiculus, M. & H., June 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. 118. 
Bulimus 2 vermiculus M. & H., June 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 118. 
240. Bulimus limneiformis, M. & H., June 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. 118. 
Bulimus Nebrascensis, 2M. & H., June 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 118. 
241. Helix Leidyi, Hall & Meek, June 1854, Mem. Am. Acad. Arts and 
Sci. Boston, v. N. S. 394, pl. 3, fig. 12. 
242. Helix vetusta, Meek & Hayden. 
Hi, vitrinoides, M. & H., May 1857, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 135. (Non. 
H. vitrinoides, Deshays, 1830). 
243. Helix obliqua, M. & H., May 1857, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 134. 
244. Helix Evansi, M. & H., May 1860, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 175. 
245. Helix (Polygyra) am plexus, Meek & Hayden. 
Planorbis amplexus, M. & H., May 1857, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 21. 
Helix (Polygyra) amplexus, M. & H.,May 1860, Pr.Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 185. 
246. Helix Nebrascensis, Meek & Hayden. 
Hf. occidentalis, M. & H., May 1857, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 135. 
(Non. H. occidentalis, Recluz. 1845.) 
LIMN AID &. 
247. Limnea (Acella) tenuicostata, M.& H., June 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. 
Sci. Phila. 119. 
248. Limnea Mee kana, Evans & Shumard. (MSS.) 
249. Limnea?multistriata, Meek & Hayden. 
Melania multistriata, M. & H., June 1826, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 124. 
250. Physasecalana, Evans & Shumard, Aug. 1854, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. 156. 
251. Physa (Aplexus) longiuscula, M. & H., June 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. 
Sci. Phila. 119. 
252. Physa (Aplexus) subelongata, M. & H., June 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. 
Sci. Phila. 120. 
253. Physarhomboidea, M. & H., June 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. 119. 
254. Planorbis (Segmentina?) Nebrascensis, Evans & Shumard, Aug. 
1854, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 164. 
255. Planorbis (Segmentina?) vetulus, M. & H., May 1860, Pr. Ac. Nat. 
Sci. Phila. 175. 
256. Planorbis Leidyi, M. & H., May 1860, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 175. 
257. Planorbis convolutus, M. & H., June 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. 


Phila. 120, 


1860.] 


259. 


260. 
261. 


266. 


267. 
268. 


269. 


270. 


271. 
272. 
273. 
274. 


275. 


276. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


. Planorbis planoconvexus, Meek & Hayden. 


Planorbis fragilis, M. & H., May 1857, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 136. 
(Non. P. fragilis, Dunker, 1843. 
Planorbis planoconverus, M. & H. May 1860, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 185. 


Ancylus (Acroloxus) minuta, M. & H., June 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. 120. 


CONCHIFERA. 


CORBULID A. 


Corbula perundata, M. & H., June 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 116. 


Corbula (Potamomya) subtrigonalis, Meek & Hayden. 
Corbula subtrigonalis, M. & H. Juue, 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 116. 


. Corbula (Potamomya) mactriformis, Meek & Hayden. 


Corbula mactriformis, M. & H., June 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 117. 


CYRENIDA. 


. Corbicula Moreauensis, Meek & Hayden. 


Cyrena Moreauensis, M. & H., June 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 115. 


. Corbicula Nebrascensis, Meek & Hayden. 


Cyrena intermedia, M. & H., ine 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 116. 
(Non. Cyrena ( Corbicula) intermedia, Mellville, 1843.) 


. Corbiculacytheriformis, Meek & Hayden. 


Cyrena ( Corbicula?) cytheriformis, M. & H., May 1860, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. 176. 


Corbicula occidentalis, Meek & Hayden. 
Cyrena occidentalis M. & H., June 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 116. 


Sphaerium planum, M. & H., May 1860, ‘ ee [aio 
Sphaerium formosum, Meek & Hayden. 

Cyclas formosa, M. & H., June 1856, P. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 115. 
Cyclas fragilis, M. & ea Sone ritieys 
Sphaerium formosum, M.& H., May 1860, oy ES A SE 


Sphaerium subellipticum, Meek & Hayden. 
Cyclas subelliptica, M. & H., June 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 115. 


Sphaerium subellipticum, M. &H. , May 1860, ce ee “¢ 185. 

Sphaerium recticardinale, M. & H., “ So “ ie if 
UNIONID &. 

Unio priscus,M. &H., June 1856, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 117. 

Unio subspatulatus, M.&H., May 1857, “ a se 146. 

Unio Deweyanus,M. &H., es ts “ «145. 

Unio Dane, M. & H., “ s ss «146. 
OSTREAD &. 


Ostrea subtrigonalis, Evans & Shumard, 1857, Trans. St. Louis 
Acad. Sci. i. 38. 


Ostrea glabra, Meek & Hayden, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 146. 
[Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. ~ 433 


Observations on American Tineina. 
BY H. T. STAINTON, OF LONDON.* 


Tinea biflavimaculella. This is closely allied if not identical with 
T. Spilotella (see Linn. Ent. vi. p. 108, Rusticella, var. b.) Spilotella 
appears confined to the north of Europe, occurring in Finland and Scotland. 


T. dorsistrigella, is allied to T. ferruginella, but the markings 
much are whiter and the dorsal streak is broader. T. nubilipennella is identical 
with our T. fuscipunctella. 


T. lanariella, is identical with our everywhere abundant T. bis el- 
liella. 


Xylesthia pruniramiella. This curious genus appears to be rather 
allied to Ochsenheimeria ; another strange genus in this vicinity, Hapsifera, 
was founded by Zeller, in the Isis of 1847, p. 32. 


Amydria effrenatella. I am disposed to place this in the genus 
Euplocamus ; the palpi are very like those of E. tessulatella, Z. (Linn. 
Ent. vi. p. 96.)+ 


Anaphora plumifrontella. Iam utterly perplexed with this ; we have 
no European form at all resembling it. 


Lithocolletis lucidicostella These are allied to the group of 
L. argentifimbriella, Cramerella, Tenetla and Heegeriella. 


L. basistrigella. This is nearly allied to a South European species, 
Suberifoliella, (Zell. Entomol. Zeitung, 1850, p. 208); but it is smaller, the 
basal streak is shorter, the subapical streaks are more distinct and the ground 
color darker. 


Tischeria citrinipennella. This is rather intermediate between the 
European Complanella and Marginea; it possesses a black spot at the anal 
angle, as in the last named species. 


Phyllocnistis vitigenella. This is closely allied to our Suffusella and 
Saligna; but it is smaller, and the position of the subapical dorsal streak is 
different. 


Coleophora coruscipennella. This is very nearly allied to our C. 
Fabriciella; but the anterior wings are a little browner. The antenne 
' quite agree with those of Fabriciella. 


Plutella vigilaciella. This is our P. porrectella; you will find the 
larva in gardens on Hesperis matronalis. 


Plutella limbipennella. This is our P,cruciferarum; it seems 
cosmopolitan, as I have seen specimens from various parts of the globe. 
Probably wherever man eats cabbages Cruciferarum will occur. 


Argyresthia oreasella. This seems quite identical with our A. Ander- 
eggiella. 


*Mr. Stainton has very kindly sent me the following observations, on a small lot of 
American Tineina, forwarded to him late in July. In return, I am indebted to him for 
an interesting suite of European genera and specimens of those insects which he considers 
identical with ours. It is quite needless for me to say that I regard any opinion Mr. 
Stainton may deliberately form, on questions of classification, to be final. 

After having examined a specimen of the genus Simaethis, [ must acknowledge that 
Brenthia seems congeneric with it. Whether the former genus naturally belongs to the 
Pyralidina must be left for future determination, My own opinion at present is, that it is 
improperly included in this well-marked group.—BrRACKENRIDGE CLEMENS. 

tThis is true of the Jabial palpi; but the auxilliary palpi in Amydria are extremely short. 


1860.] 


434 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Bedellia? Staintoniella. Certainly a Bedellia, andI cannot distinguish 
it specifically from our Somnulentella, only it is smaller. 

Cosmopteryx? gemmiferella. Atrue Cosmopteryx; but your specimens 
are not all the same species; four of them I take to be the true Gemmiferella. 
These have the central fascia reddish-orange, edged with silvery violet. This 
fascia is considerably broadest on the costa, its hinder margin being formed by 
two silvery-violet spots, which are by no means opposite; at the apex of the 
wing is a short silvery white scale [streak?], preceded by a violet silvery 
spot, with which it is not connected. 

The other two specimens, for which I propose the name Cosmopteryx 
Clemensella, differ from Gemmiferella in the anterior wings being darker, 
the orange fascia is paler, not so reddish, its margins are pale golden. instead 
of silvery-violet, and its hind margin is almost straight, (this is very different 
from Gemmiferella) ; finally, the apical streak is continuous, not interrupted, 
and of a silvery white throughout. Ishall describe this in an early number 
of the “‘ Intelligencer,’’ in some remarks on the extra-European species of 
Cosmopteryx. 


Anorthosia punectipennella. This seems to be allied to Cleodora, and 
I do not feel confident that it is generically distinct. 


Gelechia Agrimoniella. AlliedtoG. ligulella andG. teniolella, 
but quite distinct. 


G.? roseosuffusella; a true Gelechia, allied toG. decurtella, (H.S. 
Tineides, tab. 72, f. 539). 


G. Rhoifructella. This has considerable resemblance with our G. 
Populella; but the anterior wings are broader and blunter, and the anterior 
segments of the body are not pale. 


G.? rubidella; a true Gelechia, somewhat allied to G. ericinella, but 
smaller, and the anterior wings narrower. 


G. detersella. I am uncertain about this; it is perhaps allied to our 
moss-feeding G. affinis. The name detersella, must be altered, that name 
having been used by Zeller for a Sicilian species of the genus (Isis, 1847). 

The genus Gelechia, as at present constituted, is very elastic, and includes 
a variety of slightly different forms. G. subocellea is our most discordant 
species. 


Strobisia iridipennella. These are very different from anything in 

S. emblemella. Europe, and the form of wing in Iridi- 
pennella is so peculiar that you are clearly justified in forming a new 
genus ; it is not improbably a connecting link between Gelechia and Glyphip- 
teryx. 

Butalis flavifrontella. Zeller has described in the Linnza Ento- 

B. matutella. mologica, vol. x., several North American 
species of Butalis. His Basilaris, p. 230, is perhaps identical with your 
Flavifrontella, and his Impositella, p. 241, may have been described from a 
worn specimen of your Matutella. 

Stilbosis tesquella. This is a very curious insect, resembling in form 
of wing Asychna wratella; the ornamentation is more like some of the 
Laverne. 

Chrysocorys Erythtiella. This is a true Chrysocorys. 

Brenthia Pavonacella. Iam disposed to consider this not a Tineina, 
but rather one of the Pyralidina, allied to Simaethis; but I have never observed 
the strutting habit in any of our species. 

Pigritia laticapitella. This is an obscure looking insect of doubtful 
location, reminding one most strongly of some of the aberrant Butalide. 


[ Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 435 


Descriptions of new Corals in the Museum of the Academy. 


BY GEO. H. HORN. 


Madrepora peramp la. 

M. crassé foliata, frondibus profundeé digitato-lobatis; lobis laté elongatis 
(sepe 2’ longis, 4’—8” latis, et 1’—4” erassis). Corallum infra, caliculis 
confertis (1’’—13’” longis) ; supra tubiformibus, inequalibus (2’”—3’” longis 
et 13” latis) erectis, nunquam nariformibus; stella conspicud, duabus 
lamellis latioribus. 

The broad and thick lobes of this species distinguish it from either the M. 
alcesor M.palmata. The calicles are elongated, and with a distinct 
star. Immersed cells numerous, equalling in this respect the prominent 
ealicles. The lobes are broad, and arise from a common pedicle, which is 
very stout (4’—6”) ; they also show a tendency to further subdivision. 

Locality.—West Indies. Dr. J. H. Slack. 


Madreporasubaquila. 

M. crassé digitata, (lobis 2’ longis, 3’ latis et 23’ erassis). Corallum infra 
caliculis confertis (1” longis); supra tubiformibus, inequalibus (2’” longis et 
1” latis) ; stella inconspicua. 

The above description was derived from a branch, two feet in length, of a 
frond, whose mode of growth was nearly horizontal, judging from the relation 
of the calicles to the upper surface. This species differs materially from any 
of the digitato-palmate madrepores heretofore described, in its mode of 
growth, its large calicles, and its inconspicuous star. Its color is light 
brownish exteriorly. 

Locality.—Unknown. 


Madreporatubigera. 

M. prostrata, ramis paulum diffusis, stricté ramosis; ramulis attennatis 
(base 3’), apice acutis. Corallum porosum, caliculo apicale elongato, cylin- 
drico (3’’—4’” sepe 5’” longo et 3’” lato); lateralibus tubiformibus, sepe 
labellatis et dimidiatis ; stella conspicua. 

This species is well marked. Its much elongated and delicate apical calicle 
distinguishing it from all known prostrate branching madrepores. 

Locality. Unknown. Dr. T. B. Wilson. 


Merulina speciosa. 

M. explanato-ramosa, laté undata; margine lobata, unifronte; superne 
ramis confertis (2—33” altis). Corallum collibus rotundatis (1 altis), 
lamellis zequalibus serrulatis. 

This species differs from any other of the genus Merulina in its branches 
arising from an explanate base. It grows in large subhemispherical clumps 
(10’—13” in diameter). The thickness of the explanate portion is often 
three lines. Its under surface is strongly ribbed, coarsely striate, and 
sranulous. 

Locality.—Unknown. Dr. T. B. Wilson. 


Agariciaanthrophylla. 

A. laté explanata, undata. Corallum margine fragile.” Superficie infe- 
riore striata; superne laminis erectis (1—33” altis) coalitis et meandrinis 
(sepe 8” longis); collibus elongatis et equalibus (1—1}’” altis et latis) 
lamellis crassis confertissimis. 

Grows in subhemispherical clumps, attached below by its centre. It differs 
from the other Agariciz in its vertical and coalescing plates. Thelamellex are 
stout, being greater in thickness than the width of the spaces between them, 
Corallum thin at the edges, interiorly measuring from three to five lines. 

Locality.—Unknown. Dr, T. B. Wilson. 


1860.] 


436 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Catalogue of Carboniferous Plants in the Museum of the Academy of Natural 
Sciences, with corrections in Synonymy, descriptions of new Species, &c. 


BY HORATIO C. WOOD, JR. 


In the ensuing enumeration, it will be seen, that we first give our own de- 
cision, followed occasionally by remarks on synonomy, &c.; then the number 
of specimens with labels previously affixed, in quotation marks; then the locality, 
as far as known. followed either by the name of the donor, or of the collection 
to which they formerly belonged, and their number in that collection. 

The Academy is indebted to Dr. T. B. Wilson for the duplicates of the “ Bristol 
Institute Collection,” which form the bulk of the specimens. We do not know 
whether the numbers on them coincide with the original collection or not. 5 

Those presented by Mr. J. P. Wetherill are especially interesting; many of 
them being the types of Steinhauer, and all probably having belonged to that 
author. They are labelled with Steinhauer’s names, in the hand writing of 
Dr. Samuel Geo. Morton. 

Besides those here enumerated, there are in the cabinet of the Academy anum- 
ber of European vegetable reliquz from various formations. These we had pur- 
posed arranging and cataloguing conjointly with the carboniferous ; but owing 
to the press of other engagements must leave them till some future day. 

We know of but one other foreign collection in the United States, and the 
partially arranged American suite of the Academy is large and increasing from 
day to day. We think it highly important that there should be a standard 
collection in this country, where investigators may deposit these types, and by 
comparison with which any disputes that may arise may besettled. The city 
of Philadelphia, the emporium of the coal trade, is certainly the proper place 
for this. Moreover, the collection of carboniferous plants, (native and foreign,) 
is probably much the finest in the country, numbering about a thousand speci- 
mens. We would therefore suggest to authors the propriety of sending, as far 
as practicable, types of their coal plants. We would also ask those living in 
the coal region, or engaged in the trade, to send specimens to the Academy. 
and thus forward the best interests of botanical science and practical geology. 


Ord. EQUISITACEA. 
Equisetites, Sternb. 


E. macrodontus,n.sp.? Stem simple, articulated, obsoletely costate ; 
articulations short, swollen at the joints; sheaths multidentate; teeth longer 
than articulations, contracting at their base, expanded (and united?) above, 
then rapidly contracting, and terminating in a greatly elongated setaceous point, 
(?furnished on one border with a second short setaceous point.) Fructification 
not preserved. 

Our specimen is a flattened impression on coal shales, the terminal sheath 
only being distinct. It is impossible to say with certainty, whether the second 
points belong to the large teeth, or whether they are the terminations of a 
smaller set placed between them. 


Catamites,* Suckow. 
C. radiatus? Brong. 
1 specimen “C. radiatus?” In Pennant, Bris. Ins. Coll. No. 64. 


C. decoratus, Art. 
1 spec. Red Vein, Abersychan. T. B. Wilson, M. D. 
2 spec. “‘ Phylolithus sulcatus,” Pudsy. J. P. Wetherill. 


*Calamites was applied in 1751, (Guett. Mem. Ac. Sc. Par.) to a genus of fossil corals, 
but as the name is considered pre-Linnzan by authorities in that department of palzonto- 
logy, and replaced by Syringopora, Goldfuss, of course we do not change it as applied to 


fossil botany. 
[Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 437 


C.ramosus, Art. 
1 spec. C. ‘nodosus,” Sternb. Glamorganshire. T. B. Wilson, M. D. 
1 spec. “‘ Phyt. sulcatus.?? Near Bradford. J. P. Wetherill. 
1 spec. “C. ramosus,” Art. Br. Ins. Coll., No. 69. 
21 spec. ‘“‘C. with scars of branches.” Bris. Ins. Coll. 


C. Cistii, Brongt. : 
l spec. ‘‘C. with impression of Sigillaria on the back,” Radstock. Br. Ins. 
Coll., No. 82. 
lspec. J. P. Wetherill. 
1 spec. “C. Cistii ?” Red Vein, Iron Stone, Abersychan. T. B. Wilson, M. D. 


C. dubius, Art. 
1 spec. “ Phyt. sulcatus,” Sheffield. J. P. Wetherill. 


C. canneformis, Brongt. 
1 spec. ‘‘ Phyt. sulcatus,” Near Bradford. J. P Wetherill. 
1 spec. ‘‘ Phyt. sulcatus,” Pudsy. J. P. Wetherill. 
1 spec. ‘‘C. canneformis.” Brist. Ins. Coll., No. 63. 


C.approximatus, Br. 
2 spec. ‘‘C. approximatus.” In Pennant, Br. Ins. Coll., Nos. 58 and 59. 
1 spec. ‘*C. approximatus.” Merthyr. T.B. Wilson, M. D. 
1 spec. ‘‘ C. ranceolatus ”!!! 
l spec. England. Mr. R. E. Griffith. 


1 spec. 


C. Steinhaueri, Br. 
1 spec. Shelf Fork. T. P. Wetherill. 
1 spec. “ C. Steinhaueri,” Bris. Ins. Coll., No. 78. 


C.inequalis, L. et H. 
1 spec. “C. (irregular.)” Pennant, Bris. Ins. Coll., No. 66. 


We have identified this species with some hesitation, as its only distinguish- 
ing characteristic, (according to its discoverer,) is its irregularity. Our speci- 
men perfectly possesses that peculiarity ! 

Besides the above, there are quite a number of foreign specimens of this 
genus in the cabinet, but, unfortunately, their specific characteristics are not 
sufficiently preserved for their identification. 


Ord. ASTEROPHYLLIT A. 
ASTEROPHYLLITES. 


A.equisetiformis, Brong. 
1 spec. A. equisetiformis. England. Br. Ins. Coll., No. 23. 


SPHENOPHYLLITES, Brong. (1822). 


Sphenophyllum, Brong. (1828). Rotularia, Sternb. (1822.) 

What influenced Mons. Bronguiart in altering his first chosen name, we are 
unable to divine, unless he did it for the sake of eaphony. And why not 
change Asterophyllites to Asterophyllum, on the same principle? Of course 
the first name must stand to the exclusion of the more euphonious. 


S. erosa, nobis. 
Sphenophyllum, erosum, L. et H. Foss. Flor. vol. i. tab. 13. 
1 spec. *‘Sphenophyllum erosum.” England. Br. Ins. Coll. No. 15. 


S. angustifolia, Germ? 
Sphenophyllum, angustifolium, Uager. Gen. N, spec. Foss. Plant. p. 71. 
l spec. England. Dr. T. B. Wilson. 


1860.) 


438 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


TROCOPHYLLUM,* nobis. 
Annularia. Sternb. 
Annularia being pre-occupied as a generic name, in the sub-kingdom of 
Mollusca, (Schumacher, Essai Nat. Syst. 1817), we would substitute for it the 
one given above. 


T. fertilus, nobis. 
Annularia fertilus, Sternb. 
l spec. England. J. P. Wetherill, Esq. 


Ord. NEUROPTERIDA, Br. 


Nevropteris, Brong. 
N. hirsuta, Lesq. 
1 spec. (var. acutifolia), little seam under Slivin. T.B. Wilson, M. D. 
1 spec. “N. acutifolia,” Brong. Br. Ins. Coll. No, 103. 
1 spec. N. ? Br. Ins. Coll. No. 112. 
1 spec. (var. cordala), T. B. Wilson, M. D. 


N. auriculata, Brong. 
1 spec. “N. auriculata with P. cyathea.” Br. Ins. Coll. No. 127. 


N. Cistii, Brong.? 
1 spec. “‘N. Cistii. In a nodule of clay iron-stone.” Br. Ins. Coll. No. 128. 


This form is, perhaps, only a variety of N. minor, nobis. But we have not 
seen a sufficient number of specimens to enable us to decide with certainty, 


N. minor, nobis. 

Lithosmumda minor, Lloyd, Lithophylacium, 1760. Felieites linguarius, Schioth. 
Naacht. zur Petref. 1822; ejusdem Flora der Vorwelt, 1804. . gigantea, St. 
1821, and W. gigantea, N. Loschii, N. rotundifolia, all of Brong. Prod. 1828. 


We do not hesitate in re-uniting these forms, separated by Mons. Brongniart. 
He says, that he has never seen a specimen of N. gigantea, St., yet erects his 
specimens into new species on such differential characters-as, ‘‘ in the one, the 
pinules overlap by a little of their border,—in the other, there is a little space 
between them.” Every tyro in recent botany knows that, among the ferns, the 
same plant varies in its different portions more than this. And we have 
specimens of this species, less than two inches in length, that do so. That the 
species of this genus do vary very much, is shown by N. hirsuta, Lesgq., the 
several forms of which differ from one another much more than do any of 
these.+ 


spec. [var. (flexuosa). R. E. Griffith. 

spec. ‘‘N. flexuosa.” Onslate. Br. Ins. Coll. Nos. 105, 106? 

spec. ‘‘N. gigantea.” In nodule of clay iron-stone. Br. Ins. Coll. No. 115. 
spec, ‘‘N. allied to Loschii.” Br. Ins. Coll. No. 120. 

spec. “ N. allied to Cistii.” Br. Ins. Coll. No. 125. 


bet oh ORS 


*Perhaps some naturalists would consider that this genus should receive the name of 
Casuarinites, of which division of the old authors it is a section. But their genera of fossil 
plants were so vague that all modern authorities agree in discarding them. If we revive 
Casuarinites, Filicites, Phytolithus, &c., must also come again into use, much to the 
ietriment of an already complicated and difficult branch of science. Moreover, as A. 
© quisetiformis may be considered the type of the genus of Schlotheim, his name 
would rather take the place of Asterophyllites. 


tWhether botanists agree with us in considering these forms as belonging to one 
species or not, N, minor, nobis, will have to replace N. Loschii, Br., and the 
specific name minor thus being pre-occupied, we would suggest N. parva, instead of 
N. minor, Lesg. It may be objected by some that N. min or is pre-Linnzan, 
but the tenth edition of his Systema Nature, in which the binomial nomenclature is 
employed, was published 1758; and we hold it to be a great injustice to earlier writers to 

reject their names when they are binomial. (0 
et. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 439 


1 spec. ‘‘N, allied to flexuosa.” Br. Ins. Coll. No. 126. 

1 spec. “N. rotundifolia.” Br. Ins. Coll. No. 127. 

5 spec. N. ? Br. Ins. Coll. } 

In these last, the specific name is not given,—the naturalist, apparently, not 
being able to decide as to them. 


Cyctopreris, Brong. 
C. obliqua, Brong. | 
1 spec. ‘‘C, obliqua.’’? Clay iron-stone. Br. Ins. Coll. No, 101. 
?1 spec. ‘‘C. flabellata.” Clay iron-stone. Br. Ins. Coll. No. 98. 
7 ispec. ‘°C: ? with N. cordata.” R. E. Griffith. 


CO. trichomanoides, Brong. 
1 spec. ‘‘C. trichomanoides.” Clay iron-stone.’’ Br. Ins. Coll. No. 99. 


iN 


OG. campton eura, n. sp. 

Leaf petiolate, thin sub-cuneate, with margin apparently slightly lobate 
and serrate; nerves thin, very flexuous, at base of leaf few in number (about 
twelve), but rapidly and repeatedly forking, so that at margin they are very 
numerous and close, 

The only specimen of this species which we have seen, has the nerves and 
interior of the leaf, as well as its base, perfectly preserved; but towards the 
margin, it becomes so indistinct, that we speak with great doubt as to its 
lobation and serration. The disposition and flexuosity of its nerves separate 
it widely, however, from all heretofore known species. 

Habitat. England. Cab. of Acad. R. E. Griffith. 


O. dilatata, L. et H. 
l spec. Clay iron-stone. Sheffield. T. B. Wilson, M.D. 
l spec. Clay iron-stone. Kngland. T. B. Wilson, M.D. 


6: trilobus, nobis. 

Sphenopteris dilatata, L. et H. Adiantites trilobus, Goep. Cyclop. dilatata, 
Sternb. 

As the specific name dilatata is pre-occupied, trilobus will have to be 
retained. 

1 spec. Br. Ins. Coll. No. 16. 

1 spec. ‘‘Sphen. dilatata.’’ Br. Ins. Coll, No. 85. 


NG@GERATHIA. 


N. flabellata, L. et H. 
l spec. England. R. E. Griffith. 


Ord. SPHENOPTERID A, Brong. 


SPHENOPTERIS. 
Ss. artemesiafolia, Brong. 
2spec. England. R. E. Griffith. 
1 spec. ‘‘Sphen. artemesiafolia, N. cordata and P. polymorpha.”’ Br. Ins. 
Coll. No. 68. 


‘ 


S. elegans, Br. 
l spec. Br. Ins. Coll. No. 84, 
1 spec. 

S. affinis, L. et H. 


2 spec. “S. affinis.’” Burdiehouse, Edinburg (Carbonif. limestone). Br. 
Ins. Coll. No. 87. 


S. lunearis, Br. 
lspec. England. R, E, Griffith. 


1860.] 


440 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


27S. polyphylla, L. et H. 
2 spec. ‘‘S. polyphylla.” Br. Ins. Coll. No. 88. 


S. latifolia, Brong. 
1 spec. ‘“‘S. latifolia.” England. R, C. Taylor. 


S. obtusiloba, Br. 
2spec. England. R. E. Griffith. 


S. Conwayi, L. et. H. 
2 spec. ‘‘S. Conwayi.” Wales. Br. Ins. Coll. No. 88. 


HyYMENOPHYLLITES, Goep. 
H. furcata, Goep. 
lspec. England. R. E. Griffith. 


Ord. PECOPTERIDA, Br. 


GuossopTEeRIs, Brong. 


G. Browniana, Br. 

1 spec. Hawkesburg River, New South Wales. Br. Ins. Coll. No. 129. 

The nervation is much closer and finer than in Brongniart’s figure; but we 
have no doubt as to the identity of the two plants. 


ALETHOPTERIS, Géep. 


A. lonchitidis, Sternb. 
1 spec. ‘P. candoliana.” Br. Ins. Coll. No. 153. 
6 spec. “P. lonchitica.” In nodules of clay iron-stone. Br. Ins. Coll. No. 154. 
1 spec. Philadelphia Library Company. 


A. Serlii, Goep, 
8 spec. “ P. Serlii.” Br, Ins. Coll. Nos. 155, 161, 159, 162, 166, 167. 
.1 spec. ‘‘ P. Serlii.” Somersetshire. 
3 spec. “ P. Serlii.” Camerton. Br. Ins. Coll. Nos. 158, 160. 
2 spec. ‘‘P, Serlii.” Radstock. Br. Ins. Coll. No. 104. 


A. heterophylla, Géep. 
1 spec. “ Asterophyllites equisetiformis with P. heterophylla.” Br. Ins. Coll. 


PEcopTeRIS, Brong. 


P. oreopterodes, Br. 
1 spec. “‘ P. oreopteroides.” Br. Ins. Coll. No. 153. 
21 spec. ‘‘P. villosa.” Br. Ins. Coll. No. 142. 


P. polymorpha, Br. 
1 spec. “‘P. polymorpha.” Br. Ins. Coll. No. 144. 
1 spec. ‘‘P, polymorpha.” Sheffield. 
21 spec. ‘‘ Pecopteris.” Br. Ins. Coll. No. 175. 
1 spec. ‘ P. Miltoni.” Br. Ins. Coll. No. 140. 
1 spec. ‘“‘P. Cistii.” Radstock. Br. Ins. Coll. No. 151. 
1 spec. ‘“‘P. pteroides?’’ Br. Ins. Coll. No. 138. 


P. lepidorachis, Br. 
1 spec. ‘‘P. lepidorachis.” Br. Ins. Coll. No. 111. 


P. unita, Br. 
1 spec. ‘‘P. unita.” Br. Ins. Coll. No. 118. 


P. Pluckenetti, Br, 
1 spec. * P. Pluckenetti.”’ Br. Ins. Coll. No. 147. 


P. penneformis, Br. 
1 spec. ‘P. penneformis,” Br. Br. Ins. Coll. No. 141. 
[Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 44] 


P. dentata, Br. 
1 spec. “P. dentata.” Br. Ins. Coll. No. 136. 
? 2 spec. Br. Ins. Coll. Nos. 135 and 174. 


P. cyathea. 
3 spec. “P. cyathea.” Br. Ins. Coll. Nos. 148 and 152. 
1 spec. ‘ P. villosa.” Br. Ins. Coll. No. 149. 


P. arborescens, Br. 
2 spec. ‘‘P. arborescens.” Br. Ins. Coll. Nos. 132 and 133. 


P. muricata, Br. 
7 spec. Pembrokeshire. Br, Ins. Coll. Nos. 131-160. 


Ord. LEPIDODENDR&. 


LEPIDODENDRON, Sternb. 


L. obovatun, St. 
? spec. ‘‘L. elegans.” Br. Ins. Coll. No. 190. 
1 spec. ‘‘ Phytolithus cancellatus.”” York. Mr, J. P. Wetherill. 


L. dichotomum, Sternb.??? 

We label these specimens thus, solely on account of their being so labelled 
in England. Sternberg first described the plant with the name of Lycopodites 
dichotomum, giving an exceedingly indefinite figure and a worse description. 
Brongniart, in his prodrome, placed itin its proper genus,—changing its specific 
nameto Sternbergii. Inhis Vers. ii. Sternb. again figured it, nnder the name 
of Lep. dichotomum. To this work we have not been able to gain access. 
But Unger, in his Genera and Species of Fossil Plants, has given a description, 
drawn, we suppose, from it. It is worthy of remark that this description 
does not agree with the figure first published by Sternberg! Nor does either 
of the two figures in the Fossil Flora, which also differ one from another!! In 
such a chaos, we are unable to decide what are the specific characters, or even 
whether there are any. If the two figures published by Lindley & Hutton 
belong to the same plant, we see no character by which L. dilatatum, of the 
same authors, can be separated from them. From some unknown cause, Unger 
does not notice L. dilatatum, neitheras a good species, nor yet as asynonym. 

4 spec. ‘‘L. Sternbergii.” England. T. B. Wilson, M.D. 

2 spec. “LL, dilatatum.” England. T. B. Wilson, M.D. 


L. -aculeatunm, Sternb. 
1 spec. “L. obovatum.” England. 2 
1 spec. England. 2 


L. imbricatum, Sternb.? 
1 spec, ‘ L. allied to veltheimianus.’’ Br. Ins. Coll. No. 187. 


L.caelatum, Sternb. 

Sagenaria caelata, Br., Phytolithus cancellatus of Steinhauer, Phil. Trans., 
vol. i. (mew series,) pl. 6, fig. 2, 1818; but not Phyt. cancellatus of 
Martin, Petrefacta Der biensa, pl. 13, fig. 1, 1809, nor Phyt.imbricatus 
of same author, to which Steinhauer refers as identical with his Phyt. can- 
cellatus, nor either of the two species referred to by Steinhauer, in Par- 
kinson, Organic remains, pl. 1, fig. 6, pl. 2, fig. 4. We have not been 
able to find the description or names for these in Parkinson’s Org. Rem. But 
as there are no descriptions of, or names to the plates, and also no index 
to the work, they may be named somewhere incidentally ; which, in sucha 
mass of text, we have not been able to find. Never having seen either 
Sowerby’s British Mineralogy, or Volkman, Siles. Subterr., we can not say 
as to the identity of Phyt. cancellatus of those authors. But we have 
scarcely a doubt that they also differ, specifically, from all others, and amongst 


1860.] 


442 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


themselves. In such a case as this, of course it is useless to attempt to revive 
the old name. 

1 spec. ‘‘Phytolithus cancellatus.”’ (Steinhauer’s type.*)  Astercliffs, 
York. J. P. Wetherill. 


L. rimosum, Sternb. 
1 spec. ‘‘L. allied to rimosum.’’ Frenchay. Br. Ins. Coll. No. 199. 
1 spec. ‘‘L. allied to rimosum.’’ England. T. B. Wilson, M. D. 
1 spec. ‘‘L. rimosum.’’ Br. Ins. Coll. No. 198. 
? 
25 spec. of branches, variously labelled, and mostly from Br. Ins. Coll. 
Besides the above, there are quite a number of specimens belonging to the 
genera Lepidodendron and Sigillaria, with various labels, but which do not 
possess any specific character. 


L. 


ULODENDRON. 
U. parmatum, nobis. 
Phytolithus parmatus, Steinhauer. Amer. Philos. Trans. vol. i. (new series, ) 
pl. 7, fig. 1. Not Phyt. parmatus of same author, pl. 6, fig. 1. 
1 spec. ‘‘Phytolithus parmatus’’ (Steinhauer’s type). Shelf, near Bradford. 
J. P. Wetherill. 
CycrocrapiaA, L. et H. 


C.? Huttonia, nobis. 

Phytolithus parmatus, Sternb. Am. Phil. Trans. pl. 6, fig. 1. Cyclocladia 
majus and C. minor of Lind. et Hutt. 

1 spec. ‘‘Phyt. parmatus’’ (Steinhauer’s type). Shelf, York. J. P. 
Wetherill. 

If this genus, as is very probable, should prove to be merely the decorti- 
cated state of Ulodendron, this plant will be Ulodendron Huttoni, nobis. 


Sie mLariA,} Brongt. 


Sub-genus CraTHARiZ, Br. 
S. ornata, Br. : 
2 spec. “‘S. ornata.’’? Br. Ins. Coll. No. 238. 
1 spec. ‘*S. serlii, Br. Ins. Coll. No. 240. 


Sub-genus Purroporeris, Brong. 


S.notata, Wood. 

Phytolithus notatus, Steinhaur. SS. elliptica, Br. (S. notata, Br.)? 

We have but little hesitation in uniting these forms. If S. notata, Brong., 
is distinct from S. elliptica, Brong., it is a!so distinct from Phytolithus notatus, 
Steinhauer, which is identical with S. elliptica. The sharp angles and pro- 
longations from them, mentioned by Brongniart as characterizing S. notata, 
Brong., do not exist, either in Steinhauer’s figure, or in specimens in pos- 
session of the Academy, which, in all probability, are Steinhauer’s types. 


* Were it not for the possession of this type, we would not, perhaps, be warranted in 
giving so positively the synonymy of this species; but having this, we are enabled to 
decide regarding the points above given. 

+ In our classification of this genus we shall follow Goldenburg (Die Pflanzen, des 
Steinkolen, von Saarbuck, 1857), and reduce the genera indicated by us (Pr. A. N.S. 
1860), to the rank of sub-genera. Although we have some hesitation as to the propriety 
of this, yet itis, perhaps, the better course, as these sub-genera approximate in indefinite- 
ness to the genus Sigillaria. They have, without doubt, the same value as Syringoden- 
dron, and, in our opinion, the Sigillaria constitutes an order, and the present sub-genera 
the genera of it; but the weight of authority is against this. Under this classification 
the American forms described by us will stand—S. perplexa,S camptotaenia, 
S.solanus,S. magnifica,S. psilophloeus. 0 

[Oct. 


Ee 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 445 
We have, however, specimens so directly intermediate between S. notata, 
Br., and S. elliptica, Br., that we think the two species must be united. If 
not, S. notata, Br., will require a new name, and we would suggest S. 
Brongniartii. 

2 spec. ‘‘Phytolithus notatus.’? Yorkshire. J.P. Wetherill. Probably 
part of Steinhauer’s collection, and labelled in the same hand writing as his 
other types, as well as presented by the same individual. 

1spec. ‘‘S. reniformis?”? T. B. Wilson, M. D. 

S. orbicularis, Brong. 
1 spec. ‘‘S. orbicularis.’’ Br. Ins. Coll. No. 242. 

?1 spec. Br. Ins. Coll. No. 243. 

This specimen has the scars very much closer than in any figure we have 
ever seen; but we scarcely doubt its belonging to this species. 
S.transversalis, Brong. 

1 spec. ‘‘S. transversalis.”’ Br. Ins. Coll. No. 205. 


S.pachyderma, Brong. (Decorticated.) 
1 spec. ‘‘S. pachyderma,’’ Radstock. Br. Ins. Coll. No. 214. 


S.reniformis, Brong. (Decorticated.) 

6 spec. ‘‘S. reniformis.’? Br. Ins. Coll. Nos. 220, 222, 223. 
S. nodosa, nobis. 

Favularia nodosa, L. et H. 

1 spec. ‘‘Favularia nodosa.’’ Br. Ins. Coll. No. 253. 


S.tesselata, Brong. 

1 spec. ‘‘Phytolithus tesselatus.’? Shelf, near Bradford. (Steinhauer’s 
type.) J. P. Wetherill. 
S. Knorii. 

2spec. England. R. E. Griffith. 


l spec. ‘‘S. elegans.’’ Br. Ins. Coll. No. 241. 
1 spec. Aberyschan. R. C. Taylor. 


Sub-genus Diraxis, Wood. 
S.alternans, L. et H. 
1 spec. ‘‘S. allied to alternans.’’ Br. Ins. Coll. 218. 


UnopEenproy, Rhode. 
U. parmatum, nobis. 


Phytolithus parmatum, Steinhauer. 


Lepimostrosvs, Brong. 
L, variabilis, L. et H. 
2spec. England. R. E. Griffith. 


Description of Several New Species of Plants. 
BY S. B. BUCKLEY. 


Trillium Texanum.—Leayves ovate-oblong, obtuse, sessile, smooth, or 
subpubescent, longer than the peduncle. Petals white, ovate-lanceolate 
acute, nearly equal or shorter than the sepals. Sepals oblong-ovate, obtuse. 
Plant 6-9 inches high, leaves 14-2 inches long, 5 lines wide. Peduncle 6 lines 
long. Sepals 6 lines long, and 2 lines wide. Such is the size of a medium 
specimen. Flowers in March. 

Banks of streams and low grounds. Panola County, Texas. 


Aisculus arguta.—Fruit covered with prickles. Stamens erect, or slightly 


1860.] 


444 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


curved, much longer than the pale yellow corolla. Calyx campanulate, 
divisions obtuse, pedicels short, whole paniclesubpubescent. Flowers dense. 
Leaflets 7, glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, acute at both ends, sharply and unequally 
serrate. Shrub 3-5 feet high, with a smooth bark. Flowers in March. Panicles 
4-6 inches long. Leaflets 2-4 inches long. 

Hills in the vicinity of Larissa, Texas. 


Halesia reticulata.—Leaves broad-ovate, pubescent on the midribs, 
scabrous, obscurely dentate, teeth small, acute, under surface of leaves 
pale, much reticulated. Fruit 4-winged, two lateral wings double in width 
the others. Style long, mucronate. Leaves 4-5 inches long and 2-33 inches 
broad. Fruit smooth, 1-14 inches long, and 6-7 lines broad. Pedicles 5-7 
lines long. Small trees, branches smooth, bark of trunk light gray, furrowed. 

Banks of streams tributary to the Red River, above Nachitoches, Louisiana. 


Fraxinus Nuttallii.—Leaflets 5-7 ,lanceolate, acute at both ends, irregu- 
larly toothed, upper surface smooth, under surface pale and subpubescent 
along the midribs, short-stalked, petioles long, glabrous, fruit ovate-lanceolate, 
three-winged acute at both ends, branches smooth, bark of trunk gray, and 
furrowed. Fruit about 2 inches long, by 5 lines broad. Leaflets 3-4 inches 
long by 1 inch broad, sometimes unequal at base. 

In swamps, Wilcox County, Alabama. Small trees about 6 inches in 
diameter, and 20-25 feet high. As Nuttall had not material for a complete 
description, none can tell what is meant by his Fraxinus triptera; but as 
possibly he may have intended the tree now described, I call it Nuttall’s Ash. 


Carya Texana.—Leafiets 7-9, broad-ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, sharply 
serrate, smooth on both sides, paler beneath, acute at apex, subobtuse or 
acute at base. Staminate and pistillate catkins subpubescent. Fruit globular, 
slightly 4-angled. Shell thin, separating to the base. Trees three to four feet 
in diameter, and forty to fifty feet high. Bark of trunk very thick, deeply 
and irregularly furrowed, not scaly. Leaflets 6-8 inches long, and 2-3 inches 
broad. 

Dry soil. Common in Upper Louisiana, and in Texas extending as far west 
as Atacosa County. ‘‘ Thick bark, hickory.” 


Quercus Shumardii.—Leaves oblong, or obovate in outline, smooth, 
deeply sinuate-pinnatifid, sinuses broad, convergent, 3-5 on each side, lobes 
many-toothed, teeth sharply and setaceously acute. Acorn globular, or 
ovoid-oblong, subacute, cup shallow, slightly turgid, scales acute. A large 
tree with shining deep green leaves, those on the upper portion of the tree 
being much and deeply lobed. The lunes are generally deeper near the 
petiole than towards the apex of the leaf. Acorn resembles Q. rubra, but is 
more acute, 1-1} inch long, and 6 lines to l inch broad. Limbs, trunk and 
branches much like the water-oak, Q.aquatica. Wood yellowish-white, 
fine grained, and esteemed for rails, boards, and the frame-work of buildings. 
I have measured specimens which were six feet in diameter, with an estimated 
height of 70-80 feet. Its leaves retain their greenness long after the first 
frosts, when those of the frost-oak, black-jack and scarlet-oak are dead. 

It occurs in Upper Louisiana, Eastern and Middle Texas. Shumard’s Oak. 
In honor of Dr. B. F. Shumard, State Geologist of Texas. 


Quercus Texana.—Leaves ovate-oblong in outline, smooth, both sides 
deeply sinuate-pinnatifid, with broad, divergent sinuses, 3-5 on each side, 
lobes 1-3 toothed, teeth acute setaceous. Nut ovoid, oblong, acute, cup 
hemispherical, slightly turgid, scales acute, closely appressed. Tree 3-5 feet 
in diameter, and 60-70 feet high, branches smooth, bark of trunk of a dark 
slate color, slightly furrowed, very like Q. phellos and Q. aquatica, with 
which it is often associated. Lower leaves of this tree with lobes often 
truncate, While the upper leaves have deep, broad, divergent sinuses, and the 


[Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 445 


upper lobes prolonged somewhat like those of Q. falcata. Like the water 
and willow-oaks, its leaves are green during the first of winter. Acorn about 
1 inch long, and 3—-$ inch broad. Leaves 4-8 inches long by 3-5 wide, A 
beautiful tree, with dense, deep green foliage. Wood close-grained, white, or 
of a light red color, and used for similar purposes as the Shumard Oak. 


Quercus Durandii.—Leaves obovate, entire, or slightly 3-lobed at apex, 
with rudiments of one or more lobes at the margins, lobes very obtuse. When 
mature, smooth on both sides. Acorn round, or ovoid rotund. Cup very 
shallow, scales acute, closely appressed. Leaves 3-4 inches long, 1-2 inches 
wide. Acorns 3—3 inch long, about 3 inch wide, scarcely one-eighth of an inch 
being included in the cup. Tree 2-3 feet in diameter, and 40-50 feet high, 
bark of trunk, and branches light gray, scaly, resembling the white oak 
(Q. Alba). The leaves are mostly entire, varying from obovate to oblong- 
ovate. Wood white, close-grained, and very tough. It is o‘ten worked into 
splints for baskets to hold the picked cotton. Used for farming utensils, and 
sought after to make screws for cotton gins. Called ‘‘ Basket Oak,” and 
«* Bastard White Oak.”’ 

Wilcox County, Alabama, Upper Louisiana, and Middle and Southern 
Texas. Durand’s Oak. In honor of E. Durand, of Philadelphia. 


Quercus annulata.— Leaves broad-ovate, entire or irregularly and 
sparingly lobed, sinuses shallow, divergent lobes very obtuse, upper surface 
smooth and bright green, under surface pale, smooth, or subpubescent, petioles 
short. Acorn oblong-ovoid, with a depressed ring near the apex. Style 
cylindrical, long, truncate, cup shallow, one-third the length of the acorn. 
Acorn 5-9 lines long, and 35-4 lines broad. Leaves 2-4 inches long, mostly 
lobed. Bark of trunk and branches light gray, scaly. Small tree or shrub, 


bearing a great abundance of acorns. 
Common on the rocky limestone hills in the vicinity of Austin, Texas. 


Note on Quercus coccinea. 

In Upper Louisiana and in Eastern Texas, last autumn, I often found 
Q. coccinea with acorns depressed at the summit and leaves agreeing exactly 
with Michaux’s figure of that species, the accuracy of which has been questioned 
by some boanists. It had not the scarlet leaves after frost which is said to 
be characteristic of that species. Its bark is a dark gray or slate color, deeply 
furrowed, and wood porous, of a reddish cast, and esteemed of little use. 


? 


Myrmica (Atta) molefaciens, ‘‘Stinging Ant,” or ‘‘ Mound-Making Ant,’ of 
Texas. 


BY S. B. BUCKLEY. 


Neuter.—Color reddish-brown, labium brownish*black, mandibles subfalceate 
serrate, triangular, blackish-brown. Antenne two-jointed, the anterior joint 
clavate, hairy, head disproportionateiy large, upper side rotund, occiput 
truncate, under side of head longitudinally concave, with a dark line extending 
along the middle of the cavity, mentum somewhat hairy, eyes black, thorax 
triangular, compressed, prothorax large, with a slight knot on the upper part 
of each side, metathorax upper side two-spined, pedicle long, two-knotted, 
anterior knot inclined forwards, legs long, slender, tarsi two-clawed, abdomen 
smooth, smaller than the head, ovate, slightly hairy near the sting. Female 
has head like the neuter, excepting its front is slightly hooded, thorax oval, 
or rhomboidal in outline, knotted, compressed, slightly hairy, metathorax has 
rudimentary spines, abdomen ovate, smooth on the upper part, with a few 
scattering hairs on the under side. Wings not extending beyond the abdomen. 

These ants are the most numerous of any in Texas, where they have frequent 


1860.] | 31 


446 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


abodes in paths and roads, on the prairies and in the fields and woods. They 
form their habitations in the ground, where they have many apartments 
connected by tunnels about an inch in diameter. Some of their cellars have 
deep shelves on all sides, where their food is stored. Their rooms are rarely 
found at a greater depth than six feet, nor do their cavities often extend over 
a greater area than from four to six feet diameter, over which, at the surface, 
there is generally a more or less conical mound, sometimes as high as three 
feet, with a principal entrance at its summit. This mound is merely the dirt 
brought to the surface when they are making their tunnels and cellars. Many of 
their dwellings have no mound at the surface, it having been washed away by 
rains, and also either levelled by the hand of man or the feet of animals. We 
first noticed the exodus of their males and females on the twenty-seventh of 
last July, when the whole community were in a violent commotion. Then the 
males and females issued from their doors in great crowds. Some flying away, 
while others were seized by the neuters and dragged struggling off. During 
the following month the females began to form new columns, commencing by 
a few neuters joining a female and digging a small hole to shelter her. This 
is daily and nightly enlarged, until its inhabitants and rooms become so 
numerous that it also sends forth swarms of females, and neuters to found 
new Cities. 

Their chief food is the seed of various plants and grasses, but, like most 
ants, they also eat flesh. They boldly attack all beetles and worms who 
venture near their doors, when great numbers seize the unlucky intruder, and, 
if it be a beetle, its legs are seized and body covered with ants, who bite and 
sting at the same moment, by which the beetle is soon killed, unless at the 
first he flies; and we have seen beetles fly away with ants hanging to their 
legs, nor did the ants let go, at least while the beetle was in sight. The 
stinging ant does not work during the hot sunshine; but they labor at night 
and during the cool of the day. Oncloudy days their work continues. Indeed, 
night is the busy time, among all or nearly all of the ants of Texas. Seeds of 
various grasses and flowers are the principal food of the stinging ants, who, in 
seed-time during the summer, lay up stores of food for the winter season, when 
‘‘Northers” come and storms rage, and confine the ants within doors sometimes 
a week or more atatime. One of their habitations in Dr. Linsecom’s garden, 
at Long Point, in Washington County, Texas, was dug into to the depth of 
about two feet, and large quantities of water thrown in to destroy the ants. 
They recovered, and for several days after were busily engaged in bringing 
their store of seeds to the surface to dry. A part of these, by heat and 
moisture were sprouted, and unfit for preserving for future use, and these, 
when dry, were not taken back to their cellars. Most of the seeds were those 
of a species of geranium (Erodium Texanum). Miss Sallie Linsecom, a 
daughter of the Doctor, went into the garden daily to see the ants bring out 
their store of seeds, which she told us were more than half a bushel. 

Mr. C. G. Caldwell, who resides on the Colorado river, about eighteen miles 
below Austin, has lately been digging in order to exterminate a nest. While 
there, recently, we became acquainted with the shape of their cellars and 
winding tunnels. Their apartments are rarely more than six or eight inches 
in diameter, with shelves, as before stated. Often a tunnel descends vertically 
to a room, then horizontally to another apartment, then up nearly perpen- 
dicularly to other cells, which last rarely become wet even by very heavy rains. 
Mr. Caldwell assured us that he had often seen their shelves full of seeds. By 
such an arrangement of their rooms they avoid storing seeds in heaps where 
they would be apt to spoil. During a very heavy rain at Cedar Creek Post- 
office, in Bastrip County, that whole region seemed to be flooded; and we 
waited with some impatience for the storm to abate, in order to see its damage 
to the ant,—the stinging ants having many nests in a prairie, which the rain 
had covered with water. Next day we saw them bringing to the surface 


[Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. AAT 


grass seeds to dry from their cellars. Every ant-hill in the vicinity had more 
or less seed strown around their outer doors. <A few days later we visited the 
same locality, and the seeds had disappeared,—having doubtless been stored 
away again by the ants. 

They cannot carry as heavy burdens as the cutting ant (Myrmica Texana), 
nor do they, like that ant, place their load upon their backs, but carry it with 
their mandibles and head; and, whatever they wish to take home, is, if too 
large, cut into segments to be thus transported. 

The stinging ants are generally peaceable in their habits, rarely fighting 
with other species, or among themselves. In one or two instances we have 
noticed two different houses, situated a few rods distant, connected by a well 
beaten path, along which ants were passing back and forth, from one house 
to the other, in the greatest harmony; but one of these may have been a colony 
founded by the other. 

Once we noticed two, of these ants, which probably belonged to different 
houses, combating in an ant-path, along which a few ants were passing to and 
fro. Occasionally one of these would stop a moment, look at the contest and 
pass on. The struggle was obstinate and long. We became tired of the sight, 
and, after considerable trouble, succeeded in parting them,—both being quite 
lame. One we put far away, and left the other walking slowly around in 
search of his enemy, when, on reaching the path, he seized the first ant he met, 
and the fight was more animated than ever,—one of the parties being robust. 
and untired. Suddenly they stopped, looked a moment, and then began 
caressing each other, soon after which they started side by side for their 
town, not far distant. It seemed as if the first fighter, blinded by rage, had 
lastly fought his own brother. We haye been stung several times by them, 
and think the pain about equal to that caused by the sting of the honey-bee. 


Descriptions of New Carboniferous Fossils from Illinois and other Western 
States. 


BY F. B. MEEK AND A. H. WORTHEN, 
Of the Illinois State Geological Survey * 


LOOPEHY TA: 
SPHENOPOTERIUM, (new gen.) 
conv, a Wedge ; worneloy, A CUD. 


Corallum free, (or attached?) cuneate or irregularly subturbinate, and pro- 
yided with a few large inseparable cells, which increase in number by lateral 
and interstitial development. External wall rather dense, but perforated by a 
few pores, which seem to terminate in the cancellated substance of the coral 
without reaching the cells; surface marked by numerous fine, anasto- 
mosing strie. Cells circular, or when crowded, more or less angular; without 
diaphragms, columella, or well developed rays, their walls being merely 
marked by distinct vertical striae, and pierced by numerous pores which appear 


*I]lustrations with more extended descriptions, remarks, &c., to appear in the 
forthcoming report of the Illinois survey. 


Nore.—While investigating the fossils described in this and our paper published in the 
last number of the Proceedings, we have been placed under many obligations to the Sec- 
retary of the Smithsonian Institution, for the free use of the extensive collections of 
works on Palzontoloy, Geology, and various branches of Natural History, belonging 10 
the Smithsonian library. Also, for the use of rooms in the Institution, and for access 10 
the large and rapidly accumulating geological and paleontological collections in the 
Smithsonian Museum. 


1860.J 


448 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


to terminate in the porous substance of the corallum, between the cells, with- 
out directly connecting them. 

This small group of corals appears to be more nearly related to Cyathoceris, 
of Edwards and Haime, than to any other genus, either recent or fossil, with 
which we are acquainted. It differs, however, in having the outer walls per- 
forated, and in being destitute of distinct rays, as well as in the peculiar 
wedge-like form of the base of the corallum, which is also usually, if not 
always, free instead of attached. We regard the first of the following species 
as the type of the genus. 


SPHENOPOTERIUM OBTUSUM.—Corallum short,abrupt cuneiform,wider than high ; 
base carinate, nearly straight, or very slightly sinuous in the middle; sides 
expanding rapidly upwards from the keel. Cells from four to about nine, 
comparatively large, generally rather deep, conical, and where not more than 
four or five, rounded, and separated by thick interstices, but becoming angular, 
with thin intervening partitions, where more crowded. Surface strie fine, 
and showing a tendency to converge towards the middle of the base, often 
anastomosing, so as to form a kind of shagreen-like style of ornament. 

Length or height of a large specimens with nine cells, inch; breadth, 

inch; thickness, inch; diameter of one of the cells, 0:29 inch. 

Locality and position. 


SPHENOPOTERIUM COMPRESSUM.—Corallum compressed, wider than high, carinate 
on each lateral margin, and apparently retaining a scar of attachment at the 
middle of the base ; sides sulcate betweeen the cells, widening rapidly upwards 
on the edges, and very gradually on the sides. Cells three or more, com- 
paratively large, rather deep, rounded, with thin walls; arranged in a row 
parallel to the longer transverse diameter of the corallum. Surface finely 
shagreened by the anastomosing of the strie. 

Length or height, 0°57 inch; breadth, 0:93 inch; thickness, 0°35 inch; 
diameter of cells, 0-26 inch. 

It is possible this may be a variety of the preceding species, though its com- 
pressed form, thinner walls, and lateral carinz, give it quite a different aspect. 

Locality and position. Same as last. 


SPHENOPOTERIUM ENORME.—Corallum small, subglobose, obtusely subturbi- 
nate; rounded, and apparently retaining some remains of a scar of attach- 
ment at the base. Cells four or more, rather irregularly disposed, circular, 
and moderately deep. Surface slightly more coarsely marked than the last, 
but otherwise similar. 

Height, 0°45 inch; transverse diameter about 0°43 inch; breadth of cells, 
about 0:18 inch. 

Locality and position. Rockford, Indiana, from beds probably of upper De- 
yonian age, but containing Carboniferous Goniatites. 


SPHENOPOTERIUM CUNEATUM.—Corallum compressed, cuneate, longer than wide, 
base sharp, a little rounded on the lateral edges. Cells from two or three, to 
five or six, rather deep, arranged alternately on each lateral edge, and directed 
obliquely outward and upward ; rounded or somewhat oval at the aperture, and 
more or less compressed towards the base; sometimes having one or two 
slightly prominent ridges extending part of the way up the sides; puncte of 
the walls numerous and distinct. Surface striz fine, closely arranged, rather 
regular, and minutely crenulate, directed obliquely inward and downward 
from the cells, and passing more or less nearly parallel to each other to the 
base, on the lower flattened half. 

Length, 0°75 inch; breadth, 0°43 inch; thickness, 0:21 inch; diameter of 
cells, about 0-15 inch. 

Locality and position. Spurgen Hill, Ia. From beds generally considered on 

parallel with the Warsaw Limestone. 

[Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 449 


ECHINODERMATA. 
ASTERID 4. 
Genus PALASTERINA, McCoy. 


Subgenus ScHOENASTER. 


The specimens of the beautiful star-fish, upon which we propose to found 
this subgenus, are unfortunately not in a condition to enable us to work out 
fully the details of its structure. As far as can be determined, however, it 
agrees in most of its characters with Palasterina, though it differs from the 
typical species of that genus ( Uraster primevus, Forbes) in having the adam- 
bulacral plates arranged with their longer diameter directed obliquely out- 
ward, instead of at right angles to that of the rays. This oblique arrange- 
ment, or lateral imbrication of these pieces, gives to each range, as seen from 
below, a peculiar twisted or rope-like appearance, which suggested the name 
Schoenaster (axoivas a rope, gorie, & Star.) 

Although we place it for the present as a subgenus under Palasterina, we 
think it more than probable that when better specimens can be examined, it 
will be found to present other differences of sufficient importance to entitle it 
to rank as a distinct genus, in which case it can retain as a generic name that 
by which we have designated it as a subgenus. 


PALASTERINA (SCHOENASTER) FIMBRIATA.—Body depressed, pentagonal, the 
angles being extended into narrow, acutely pointed rays or arms, which are 
convex above, and about equal in length to the diameter of the disk. Upper 
side of the disk and arms composed of small, solid, convex, or somewhat 
tumid plates. Ambulacral furrows deep}rather narrow, and bounded on eack 
side by the single row of oblique adambulacral pieces, which also form the 
sides of the arms, beyond the disk, where some six or seven of these pieces 
occupy a space of 0°35 inch. Disk apparently not provided with a regular 
range of marginal pieces ; concave in outline between the rays, where it is, 
like the sides of the arms, fringed by a singlerange of short, lanceolate spines. 

The plates forming the upper side of the rays near the disk, are hexagonal, 
pentagonal, or irregular in form, and consist of about five or six ranges be- 
tween the marginal rows, with a few much smaller intercalated pieces. 
Farther out they gradually pass into two mesial ranges of oblong, alternating 
pieces, arranged with their longer diameter parallel to that of the ray; and 
two series of much smaller, pentagonal or hexagonal alternating plates on 
each side, between the middle ranges and the adambulacral rows. Towards 
the extremities of the rays, these two ranges of small pieces on each side 
diminish in size, and at last become obsolete, leaving only the adambulacral 
and middle ranges. 

None of the specimens are in a condition to show the form and arrange- 
ment of the plates forming the disk, nor the position of the vent and madre- 
poriform plate. Near the extremities of the arms the dorsal pores, which are 
comparatively small, pass chiefly between the ends of the oblong plates, form- 
ing the two mesial ranges; but farther in, towards the disk, they seem to be 
somewhat irregularly distributed. There appear to be five bilobate, oral 
pieces, but we suspect each of these is divided by a close fitting suture, so as 
to make ten in the entire series. 

Greater diameter, 2°37 inches; lesser do., 0°89 inch; breadth of ambulacral 
furrows, about 0°10 inch; length of marginal spines, 0-07 inch. 

Locality and position. St. Clair county, Illinois, St. Louis Limestone of 
Lower Carboniferous series, 


1860.] 


450 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


NOME Us GAL 


BRACHIOPODA. 
Genus CHONETES, Fischer. 


CHONETES PLANUMBONA.—Shell of medium size, nearly semicircular; length 
from two-thirds to three-fourths the breadth; hinge line abouf equalling the 
greatest breadth; front rounded, or forming with the sides a nearly semi- 
circular curve; lateral margins intersecting the hinge at right-angles, or 
sometimes very slightly sinuous near the ears. Ventral valve gibbous, most 
convex in the middle, and flattened at the umbo, destitute of any traces of a 
mesial sinus; ears a little compressed; cardinal margin sloping slightly from 
the beak, on each side of which it is armed with five or six spines; area of 
moderate breadth; foramen broad, triangular, the upper angle being rounded. 
Dorsal valve concave, or following nearly the curve of the other valve ; cardinal 
process moderately prominent, nearly or quite closing the foramen of the 
opposite valve; interior without a prominent mesial ridge, rather distinctly 
granulose, the granules being arranged in radiating lines; visceral scar rather 
large; impressions of aductor muscles small and deep. Surface of both valves 
apparently smooth or only marked by obscure undulations of growth, but 
showing under a lens nearly obsolete traces of depressed rounded radiating 
strie, crossed by minute concentric lines or wrinkles. 

Length 0°42 inch; breadth 0-49 inch; convexity 0°16 inch. 

Locality and position. Monroe County, Illinois. Keokuk Limestone of 
Lower Carboniferous series. 


Genus PRODUCTUS, Sowerby. 


Propectcs NANUS.—Shell very small, nearly hemispherical; hinge about 
equalling the greatest breadth; anterior side regularly rounded; sides 
intersecting the hinge nearly at right-angles. Ventral valve gibbous, without 
any traces of a mesial sinus; ears triangular, convex, and moderately distinct 
from the swell of the visceral region ; umbo convex, incurved, and apparently 
extending slightly beyond the hinge line. Surface ornamented by compara- 
tively large, rounded, radiating cost, which more than equal the depressions 
between, on the convex part of the valve, but decrease in size, and become 
more numerous by division, and the implantation of others between, around 
the anterior slope ; crossed by numerous very fine concentric strie, only visible 
under a lens. The visceral region is also marked by moderately distinct 
rather regular wrinkles, while the bases of a few scattering spines are seen 
on the anterior slope. (Dorsal valve unknown.) 

Length 0°37 inch; breadth 0°45 inch; convexity 0°25 inch. 

Locality and position. Jefferson County, Iowa. Lower Coal measures. 


Propuctus PARVvUs.—Shell rather small, nearly hemispherical, without any 
traces of a mesial sinus; length and breadth nearly equal; hinge about 
equalling the greatest breadth; front rounded; sides sometimes slightly 
sinnous nearthe ears. Ventral valve gibbous, regularly arched, not depressed 
in the visceral region; beak incurved a little beyond the hinge; ears small, 
convex, nearly rectangular at the extremities of the hinge, moderately distinct 
from the swell of the umbo. Dorsai valve deeply concave, particularly in 
the middle and towards the beak. Surface of both valves ornamented by 
numerous small, rounded, rather closely arranged, occasionally bifurcating 
strie, about six of which may be counted in the space of one-tenth of an inch. 
Spines erect, apparently confined to the ventral valve, each ear of which 
supports some seven or eight, while there are usually about three times that 
number scattered around the anterior and lateral slopes. Sometimes very 


[Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 451 


obseure traces of small concentric wrinkles are indistinctly visible near the 
beak and on the ears, particularly of the ventral valve. 

Length 0°59 inch; breadth 0:60 inch; convexity of ventral vaive 0°34 inch. 

This shell might be mistaken for an imperfect specimen of P. fusciculatus of 
McChesney, from which species it differs, however, in having finer strie, a 
more deeply concave dorsal valve, and in being always destitute of a mesial 
sinus in the ventral valve., When gool specimens of these species can be 
compared they may be distinguished at a glance, by the more extended 
anterior, and the fasciculate character of the striae upon that part of the shell in 
P. fasciculatus. 

Locality and position. Chester, Illinois. Chester, Limestone of Lower 
Carboniferous series. 


Propvuctus scirotus.—Shell small, gibbous, wider than long, hinge line 
rather more than equalling the breadth of the central part of the valves; 
anterior side rounded, or sometimes a little flattened; sides rounding to the 
front, and somewhat contracted near the ears. Ventral valve gibbous, rather 
strongly arched, moderately produced, and presenting scarcely any indications 
of a sinus; ears triangular, convex, or somewhat vaulted, and separated from 
the swell of the umbo and the prominent visceral region, by a rather 
distinct rounded depression ; beak convex, incurved and apparently extend- 
ing a little beyond the hinge line. Surface marked by numerous fine, 
regular, radiating strie, about seven of which may be counted in the space of 
one-tenth of an inch; crossing these there are on the visceral region small, 
irregular concentric wrinkles; a few scattering bases of spines are also 
sometimes seen on the anterior slope (in casts), where two or three of the 
strie become more prominent than the others. (Dorsal valve unknown). 

Length, from beak to anterior slope, 0°36; do., from beak to anterior 
margin, measuring over the curve of the ventral valve, 0°45 inch. 

Locality and position. Alton, Illinois. St. Louis Limestone, of Lower 
Carboniferous series. 


Genus RHYNCHONELLA, Fischer. 


RHYNCHONELLA suBTRIGONA.—Shell rather above medium size, trigonal 
subglobose, wider than long, truncated in front, and on each postero-lateral 
slope; anterior margins of the valves sharply and deeply serrated. Ventral 
valve nearly fiat, or arching a little from the umbo along the middle towards 
the front, on each side of which the antero-lateral margins are at first elevated, 
then very abruptly deflected toward the other valve; front curving down 
nearly at right-angles to the plane of the valve, and extended so as to filla 
broad, deep, rather rounded sinus in the front of the other valve; postero- 
lateral margins very abruptly deflected downwards; beak small, rather 
pointed, incurved, and extended somewhat beyond that of the other valve ; 
mesial sinus broad, shallow, undefined, and not extending more than halfway 
back from the front. Ventral valve gibbous, elevated in the middle near the 
anterior side, thence sloping abruptly, with a moderately convex outline to 
the beak; antero-lateral and lateral margins curving strongly to meet those 
of the opposite valve; mesial fold not well defined. Surface of each valve 
ornamented by from eighteen to twenty-four rather rounded plications, about 
four or five of which occupy the mesial sinus and fold; fine obscure, concentric 
Strie are also seen on well-preserved specimens. 

Length (of a medium-sized rather gibbous specimen), 0°90 inch; breadth 
0:98 inch; convexity 0°91 inch. 

Locality and position. Keokuk Limestone, Warsaw, Illinois. 


Genus ATHYRIS, McCoy.—SPIRIGERA, D’Orbigny. 


ATHYRIS PARVIROSTRA.—Shell of medium size, subquadrate, moderately 
gibbous, length and breadth about equal, sometimes a little wider than long ; 


1860.] 


A452 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


greatest convexity near the middle of the valves, which are equally convex. 
Lateral margins rather narrowly rounded in the middle, thence converging 
with a slightly convex ontline to the middle of the front, which is faintly 
subtruncate; from the most prominent part of the lateral margins, they 
converge to the beaks at an angle of about 97°. Both valves without a distinct 
mesial fold or sinus, though they are each sometimes marked by a narrow, 
scarcely perceptible flattening along the middle. Beak of ventral valve small, 
slender, and closely incurved upon that of the opposite valve, which is little 
less prominent. Surface marked by fine lines of growth, and small, rather 
obscure, concentric wrinkles. Internal spiral appendages, each making about 
twelve turns. 

Breadth of a rather wide specimen 0-82 inch; length of do. 0°75 inch; 
convexity 0°52 inch. 

Locality and position. Near Warsaw, Illinois. Keokuk Limestone of Lower 
Cahboniferous series. 


CONCHIFERA. 
Genus PECTEN, Linnzus. 


PECTEN TENUILINEATUS.—Shell rather small, broad ovate or subcireular, ven- 
tral border regularly rounded; posterior edge forming a broad, gentle curve 
along the middle and below, and intersecting the hinge above at an angle of 
about 110° ; anterior margin rounding regularly into the base from near the 
middle ; hinge short, or akout half the length of the valves, from the posterior to 
the anterior side. Right valve compressed ; posterior ear nearly obsolete, flat, 
and not separated from the posterior margin by a sinus; anterior ear larger 
than the other, rounded at the extremity, and separated from the margin 
below by a deep, acutely angular sinus, from the extremity of which there is 
a sulcus extending obliquely upward in the direction of the umbo; beak 
rather compressed, located slightly behind the middle of the hinge, and not 
extending above its margin; surface apparently smooth, but showing under 
a good magnifier extremely fine, closely arranged concentric strie, which be- 
come much stronger on the anterior ear. (Left valve unknown.) 

Height, from ventral margin to the hinge, 0°56 inch; breadth, from an- 
terior to posterior side, 0°53 inch; length of hinge, 0°27 inch; convexity of 
right valve, 0:08 inch. 

Locality and postion. South line of Clinton county, INinois. Upper Coal 
Measures; associated with Modiola tenuiradiata (=Mytilus tenuiradiatus, 
Swallow), and Avicula ? longispina, (= Gervillia longispina, Cox,) or a closely 
allied species. 

Genus AVICULOPECTEN, McCoy. 


AVICULOPECTEN OwrEnt.—Shell small, truncato-subcircular; base regularly 
rounded, posterior margin rounding from above the middle to the ventral 
border; anterior side rounded below; hinge equalling about two-thirds the 
diameter of the valves, from the posterior to the anterior side. Left valve 
moderately convex; anterior ear compressed, separated from the swell of the 
umbo by a rounded shallow depression, and defined by a shallow sinuosity of 
the anterior margin;, having the form of an equilateral triangle, the anterior 
side of which is shorter than either of the others, very slightly rounded at 
the nearly rectangular extremity; posterior ear a little smaller than the 
other, compressed, very short, and not separated from the margin below by a 
distinct sinus, terminating in an obtuse angle of more than 100°; umbo 
rather convex, located apparently a little behind the middle of the hinge, and 
scarcely extending beyond its margin ; surface ornamented by numerous fine, 
closely arranged, radiating strie, which increase by implantation, and are 
crossed hy a few irregular concentric marks of growth. 

Diameter, from ventral margin to hinge, 0-48 inch; do. from the anterior 


[Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 453 


to the posterior margin, 0°50 inch; length of hinge, 0°35 inch; number of 
striz in 0.10 inch near the ventral margin, about 13. : 
Named in honor of Dr. D. D. Owen, the well known Western geologist. 
Locality and positon. Near Warsaw, Illinois. Keokuk Limestone of Lower 
Carboniferous series. 


AvicuLopEcrEeN Coxanus.—Shell (left valve) rather small, very thin, com- 
pressed, broad subtrigonal ovate in outline, exclusive of the ears, slightly 
oblique; anterior and posterior sides rounding from below the ears to the 
base, which is regularly rounded ; anterior ear of moderate size, triangular, 
and flattened, so as to be quite distinct from the umbonal slope, separated from 
the margin below by a broad, subangular sinus; slightly rounded at the ex- 
tremity, and marked by about eight small radiating coste#, which are crossed 
by smaller and less regular marks of growth ; posterior ear of nearly the same 
size as the other, flattened, but not very distinct from the umbonal slope, 
separated from the posterior margin by a regularly rounded, moderately deep 
sinus—acutely pointed at the extremity; hinge a little less than the breadth 
of the shell, and ranging nearly at right angles to its longer axis; beak com- 
pressed, scarcely projecting beyond the cardinal margin, and located very 
slightly in advance of the middle. Surface ornamented by small, simple, 
depressed, rigid cost, which alternate in size, the smaller ones dying out at 
various distances between the margin and the umbo. (Right valve unknown. ) 

Length, or transverse diameter, 0°51 inch; height, from base to hinge, 
0°53 inch ; convexity (of left valve) 0°05 inch. 

Dedicated to Edward T. Cox, Esq., of the Geological Survey of Kentucky. 

Locality and position. Adams county, Illinois, dark bituminous Shale of 
Coal Measures. 


AVICULOPECTEN BuRLINGTONENSIS.—Shell of about medium size, very thin and 
fragile, suborbicular, slightly wider than long, broadly and regularly rounded 
on the ventral margin, more narrowly rounded near the middle on each side, 
thence sloping towards the beak at an angle of about 100°; hinge straight, 
between two-thirds and three-fourths as long as the transverse diameter of 
of the valves, and ranging at right angles to their longitudinal axis. Left 
valve much compressed ; anterior ear of moderate size, fiat, subtriangular, the 
anterior side being shorter than either of the others, and rounding somewhat 
into the hinge,—defined by a broad rectangular sinus at its base; posterior 
ear flat, separated from the border below by a wide, rather deep subangular 
sinus, and terminating in an angle of about 45°; beak compressed, and located 
alittle in advance of the middle of the hinge. Surface ornamented by eighty to 
ninety small, nearly equal, radiating coste, which increase by implantation, 
and about equal the breadth of the depressions between. Cost crossed by 
numerous very regular, undulating, and distinctly imbricating, concentric 
laminze of growth, which become closely arranged, and sharply elevated 
on the ears, where the radiating ribs are not developed. (Right valve 
unknown.) ; 

Diameter, from the ventral border to the hinge, about 2°18 inches; do. from 
the anterior to the posterior side, 2°30 inches ; convexity, near 0°30 inch ; 
length of hinge, 1°63 inch; number of radiating cost in 0.40 inch near the 
ventral margin, 10 to 12; number of concentric imbricating lamellx in same 
space, about 18. 

Locality and position. Burlington, Iowa. Burlington Division of the Lower 
Carboniferous series. 


AvicuLopecren Konincxu.-—-Shell large, subcircular, rather compressed, 
wider parallel to the hinge than the diameter at right angles to the same ; 
broadly rounded on the pallial margin, and more narrowly rounded on each 
side a little below the middle. Hinge straight, apparently rather less than 
the greatest breadth of the valves below, and ranging very nearly at right 


1860.] 


454 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


angles to the vertical axis of the shell. Left ? valve compressed ; anterior ear 
flat, having the form of an inequilateral triangle, the anterior side of which is 
much shorter than either of the others ;—rather acutely angular at the ex- 
tremity, and separated from the margin below by a nearly rectangular notch ; 
posterior ear apparently nearly of the same size as the other, compressed, and 
separated from the margin below by a rounded, moderately deep sinus: beak, 
small, compressed, and not extending above the hinge; surface marked by 
rather small, obscure, depressed, radiating cost, which are crossed by a few 
faint marks of growth. 

Greatest breadth parallel to the hinge, a little below the middle, 3.39 
inches; diameter at right angles to the same, 3 inches; length of hinge 3 
inches. 

A fragment, probably of the other valve of the same species, embedded in 
the same mass with that described above, has much more prominent and 
more angular cost, crossed by smaller, closely arranged concentric lines, so 
as to give them a slightly crenulated appearance. 

Named in honor of Prof. L. De Koninck, the distinguished paleontologist of 
Liege. 

Locality and position. Alpine, lowa. Lower Coal Measures. 


AVICULOPECTEN INTERLINEATUS.—Shell rather small, compressed, broad ovate 
or subcireular, exclusive of the ears ; length and breadth nearly equal; hinge 
straight, scarcely equalling the greatest breadth, ranging at right angles 
to the axis of the shell. Left valve with base regularly rounded ; posterior 
and anterior margins prominent near the middle, ana rounding to the pallial 
margin, rather distinctly smuous under the ears; anterior ear triangular, 
flattened, so as to be quite distinct from the umbonal slope; posterior ear 
somewhat larger than the other, compressed, triangular, the hinge side being 
longer than either of the others, rather acutely angular at the extremity ; 
beak a little nearer the anterior than the posterior side, not oblique; surface 
ornamented by about fifteen regular, very prominent, slender, concentric 
cost, separated by spaces some four or five times their own breadth; spaces 
between the cost occupied by numerous very fine, regular, closely arranged 
concentric strize, which are crossed by very obscure traces of radiating ribs. 

Diameter, from hinge to pallial border, 0°60 inch; breadth, 0°62 inch; con- 
vexity. 0°12 inch. (Right valve unknown.) 

Locality and position. Lasalle, Illinois. Upper Coal Measures. 


AVICULOPECTEN AMPLUS.—Shell large, distinctly inequivalve; height and 
breadth about equal; ventral margin regularly rounded ; posterior and anterior 
sides rounding to the base; hinge line straight, less than the breadth of the 
valves. Left valve convex, particularly in the umbonal region; posterior 
ear very short, obtusely subangular, and sometimes defined by an obscure 
sinus in the margin below ; anterior ear separated from the swell of the umbo by 
a more or less deeply rounded sulcus, (form unknown ;) beak rather gibbous, 
incurved, slightly oblique, and extending a little above the hinge. Surface 
ornamented by distinct, narrow, rather elevated, obscurely subnodose, 
radiating plications, separated by spaces five to seven times their breadth, and 
crossed by fine, indistinct lines and wrinkles of growth; between the coste 
there are also fine radiating strie, one or two of which are often larger than 
the others. Right valve flat, or a little concave; posterior ear short, nearly 
rectangular, the margin below it being faintly sinuous ; anterior ear also short, 
and separated from the margin below by a very deep, narrow, somewhat arched 
and angular sinus; beak entirely obsolete; surface smooth, or only having 
indistinct marks of growth, and a few faint radiating lines. 

The hinge area of both valves is rather broad, and marked parallel to its 
margin by fine grooves. In the left valve it is slightly inclined towards the 
right side, over that of the other valve, in which it is also inclined, backwards 


[ Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 455 


in the same direction. An internal cast of one of the left vales shows a large, 
circular, muscular impression, located a little behind the middle of the valve. 

Height, 3°67 inches; breadth, 3°69 inches; convexity of left valve, 0.70 
inch ; number of radiating coste in 0°88 inch, at a distance of 2 inches from 
the beak, five. 

In the shortness of its ears, the deep sinus in the anterior edge of its right 
valve, and its surface markings, this species seems to bear close relations to 
the typical forms of the genus Monotis, but it wants the cartilage-pit under 
the beak, said to be characteristic of that genus, while ‘ts geological position 
is far below the range of any of the known species of Monotis. 

Locality and position. Monroe county, Illinois. Keokuk Limestone of 
Lower Carboniferous series. 


AVICULOPECTEN PELLUCIDUS.—Shell small, extremely thin, broad subovate or 
subcircular, exclusive of the ears, slightly oblique; hinge margin straight, 
less than the greatest diameter of the valves, from the front to the posterior 
side ; ventral margin nearly regularly rounded; anterior edge rounded near 
the middle, and passing by a slightly oblique curve into the ventral border ; 
posterior margin most prominent below the middle. Left valve much com- 
pressed ; anterior ear rather small, triangular, flattened and distinct from the 
umbonal slope, separated from the anterior edge by a broad, subangular 
sinus ; posterior ear about the same size as the other, flat, and terminating 
in a rather acute angle, separated from the posterior margin by a broad, very 
shallow, rounded sinus; beak compressed, or but slightly convex, and located 
near the middle of the hinge. Surface ornamented by very fine, radiating, 
thread-like striz, which increase by implantation, and are generally rather 
smaller than the depressions between ; crossing these are equally fine, regular, 
less distinct, concentric lines. (Right valve unknown.) 

Diameter from ventral margin to the hinge, 0°36 inch; breadth from the 
posterior to the anterior side, 0°35 inch ; length of hinge, 0°23 inch ; number 
of radiating striz in 0-10 inch, at the ventral margin, about 12. 

Locality and position. Adams county, Illinois. Coal Measures, in dark 
bituminous shale. 


Genus AVICULA, Klein. 


AYVICULA OBLONGA.—Shell small, nearly semicircular, slightly oblique; hinge 
straight, and longer than any other part of the valves. Left valve moderately 
convex; anterior wing triangular, compressed, separated by a broad, unde- 
fined sulcus, from the swell of the umbo, very slight sinuous on its margin, 
which intersects the hinge border nearly at right angles; posterior wing 
larger than the other, compressed, broadly sinuous in outline, and 
terminating in an acute angle; beak small, pointed, slightly oblique, in- 
curved, and scarcely passing beyond the hinge line ; surface ornamented by 
about twenty-six simple, sharply elevated, linear, radiating cost, separated 
on the middle of the valve, by spaces from three to five times their own 
breadth, and crossed by similar regularly disposed concentric lines, so as to 
produce a neat, coarsely cancellated style of ornament. (Right valve 
unknown.) 

Diameter from ventral margin to hinge, 0°39 inch; breadth from the pos- 
terior to the anterior edge, 0°60 inch; length of hinge, 0°56 inch; convexity 
of left valve, 0-07 inch. 

Locality and position. Warsaw, Illinois. Warsaw Limestone of Lower 
Carboniferous series. 


Genus MYALINA, Koninck. 
MYALINA ANGULATA.—Shell rather large, obliquely subovate, longer than 


high, nearly or quite equivalve, very convex near the front, cuneate poste- 
riorly and above ; hinge margin rather long, straight, and carinated ; posterior 


1860.1 


456 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF . 


margin convex along the midlde, and rather distinctly concave in outline near 
the hinge above ; base very abruptly rounded, or subangular near the front ; 
anterior side oblique, nearly straight, broadly and distinctly flattened at right 
angles to the plane of the valves; umbonal slopes extremely prominent, and 
distinctly angular, ranging at an angle of 58° with the hinge line; beaks ter- 
minal, elevated a little above the hinge, incurved, acutely angular. and 
strongly compressed at right angles to the hinge. Surface of casts retaining 
rather obscure marks of growth. 

Height, measuring at right angles to the hinge, 3°32 inches ; length parallel 
to the hinge, 3 inches; length, measuring from the beaks obliquely, to the 
most prominent part of the base, 3°35 inches; convexity of the valves, 1°30 
inch. 

Locality and position. Chester, Dlinois. Chester Limestone of the Lower 
Carboniferous series. 


Myatina ConcentRicA.—Shell small, thin, rather compressed, subquadrate, 
a little higher than long, not very oblique; hinge straight, slightly less than 
the length of the valves below; anterior side a little arcuate, ranging at an 
angle of about 85° with the hinge, and curving rather abruptly inward from the 
umbonal slopes ; posterior side compressed, straight, or very slightly sinuous 
in outline above, and intersecting the hinge at about the same angle as the 
anterior border; base regularly rounded; beaks pointed, incurved, and 
scarcely rising above the hinge; umbonal slopes rather compressed ; surface 
marked by slender, somewhat obscure, regularly arranged lines, separated 
by smooth spaces some eight to ten times their own breadth. 

Height, 0°67 inch ; length, 0°59 inch; convexity of a left valve, about 0°22 
inch. 

Locality and position. Spergen Hill, Indiana; from an Oolitic bed contain- 
ing great numbers of small fossils, described by Prof. Hall, and placed by him 
on a parallel with the Warsaw Limestone of the Lower Carboniferous series. 


MYALINA RECURVIROSTRA.—Shell of medium size, rather thick, obliquely 
trigonal, ovate, inequivalve, (the left valve being more convex, and thicker 
than the other, ) very gibbous, and narrowly rounded along the umbonal slopes : 
hinge nearly or quite straight, more than equalling the height in young 
specimens, but proportionally a little shorter in mature shells; posterior 
margin a little convex, ranging nearly at right angles to the hinge above, and 
rounding gradually forward below; base narrowly rounded; anterior margin 
oblique, or ranging at an angle of about 55° with the hinge, slightly convex 
in outline, and separated by a shallow, oblique depression, from the umbonal 
ridge above, and broadly sinuous along the middle ; beaks small, pointed, ter- 
minal, that of the left valve being spirally incurved, so as to make nearly one 
entire turn at the extreme point, which is directed obliquely forward ; surface 
marked by distinct lines, and imbricating lamin of growth, which are quite 
prominent on the anterior side, and near the cardinal margin of the left valve, 
but more obscure on all parts of the other. 

The ligament area is comparatively narrow, and marked by longi- 
tudinal furrows ; immediately under the beak the anterior margin is thickened , 
so as to present a broader area than the hinge, from which it is separated, in 
the left valve, by an oblique groove, and in the other by a prominent cor- 
responding ridge. The posterior muscular impression is large, narrow, ovate, 
acutely angular above, rounded below, and ranging nearly parallel to the pos- 
terior border. The pallial line is well defined; anterior muscular scar small, 
oval, and located near the beaks. 

Length, measuring forward and upward from the postero-basal extremity 
to the beaks, 2°10 inches ; height, 1°67 inch ; convexity, about 1 inch; length 
of posterior muscular scar, 0°75 inch; breadth of do. at lower extremity, 0°28 
inch. 

Locality and position. Near Springfield, Illinois. Coal Measures. 


(Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 457 


Genus SOLEMYA, Lamarck. 


SoLEMYA RADIATA.—Shell very thin, narrow, or elongate subelliptical, 
moderately convex; ventral margin straight, or slightly concave along the 
middle; anterior (longer) side narrowly rounded at the extremity, the most 
prominent part being a little above the middle; posterior (shorter) side rather 
narrowly rounded; dorsal border nearly parallel to the base in front of the 
beaks, and declining more rapidly, with a slightly concave outline behind 
them. Surface with obscure concentric marks of growth, crossed by flat, 
nearly obsolete, radiating plications, which are sometimes separated near the 
middle of the valves, by spaces greater than their own breadth; on the 
anterior side, where they are very oblique, and more closely arranged, they 
sometimes become irregular, and scarcely distinguishable from finer irregular 
radiating striz; not well defined on other parts of the shell. 

Length 1°10 inch; heighth 0°59 inch; convexity 0°36 inch. 

Locality and position. Grayville, Illinois. Coal measures. 


Genus LEDA, Schumaker. 


LepA (YOLDIA?) LEVISTRIATA.—Shell rather under medium size, narrow 
subovate, moderately convex in the central and anterior regions, more 
compressed posteriorly ; base forming a broad semiovate curve, the most 
prominent part of which is a little in advance of the middle; anterior side 
rounded; posterior side somewhat contracted, or narrower than the other, 
and more abruptly rounded at the extremity, which is a little gaping; dorsal 
margin declining gently, and rather concave behind the beaks, nearly 
horizontal and slightly convex in front of them; beaks depressed and located 
a little behind the middle; surface apparently smooth, but when examined 
by the aid of a good lens it is seen to be marked by extremely fine, obscure, 
regularly arranged concentric striz. 

Length 0°57 inch; heighth 0:20 inch; convexity 0°14 inch. 

Locality and position. Waterloo, Monroe County, Illinois. Upper part of 
St. Louis Limestone, of the Lower Carboniferous series, where it was found 
associated with some of the small fossils described by Prof. Hall, from 
Spurgeon Hill, Indiana. 


Genus SCHIZODUS, King. 


Scaizopus CHESTERENSIS.—Shell rather large, transversely ovate, convex 
in the anterior and umbonal regions, and cuneate posteriorly. Anterior 
side regularly rounded; base forming a broad, irregular, semiovate curve, 
being usually slightly more prominent a little behind the middle than 
elsewhere, thence nearly straight and ascending gradually to the posterior 
extremity ; posterior side contracted, considerably longer than the other, and 
abruptly rounded or subangular at the termination, the most salient part 
being rather above the middle; dorsal margin nearly straight and declining 
gradually behind the beaks, from which it rounds regularly into the anterior 
margin in front. Beaks gibbous, rather elevated, incurved, and located less 
than one-third the length of the shell from the buccal margin. Muscular 
impressions shallow ; those in front ovate, placed near the margin, and a little 
above the middle; those on the posterior side oval, and located near the 
dorsal edge, about half-way between the beaks and the anal extremity. 
Surface marked only by fine lines of growth. 

Length (of internal) 1°38 inches; height 1 inch; convexity 0°78 inch. 

Resembles closely the Permian species Azinus obscurus, Sowerby, but is less 
elevated in proportion to length, and has rather more oblique umbones ; while 
the most salient part of its posterior margin is a little above, instead of below 
the middle. It is usually found in the condition of internal casts. 

Locality and position. Chester, [linois. Upper part of Chester Limestone, 
of the Lower Carboniferous series. 


1860. ] 


458 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Genus CARDIOMORPHA, Koninck. 


CARDIOMORPHA RADIATA. — Shell subcircular, gibbous in the centraland umbonal 
regions, base more narrowly rounded than the front or anal margin ; cardinal 
border a little arched; beaks gibbous, abruptly pointed, incurved and showing 
a tendency to curve forward at the immediate points, depressed or rising 
but little above the hinge margin; surface ornamented by numerous fine, 
regular, radiating, rather rounded strie, about equalling the depressions 
between. (Hinge and interior unknown.) 

Allied to C. ovata of Hall, (Rept. Survey Iowa, pl. 7, fig. 10), from near the 
same horizon, but more rounded in outline, and has much less elevated 
and less curved beaks. Both thesespecies differ from the typical forms of Cardio- 
morpha, Koninck, in having radiating strie, and may prove to be generically 
distinct when specimens showing the hinge and interior are obtained. 

Length 0°95 inch; height 1 inch; breadth or convexity 0°77 inch. 

Locality and position. Rockford, Indiana. From beds containing Carbon- 
iferous species of Goniatites, but generally supposed to be of Upper Divonian 
age. 


GASTEROPODA. 
Genus BELLEROPHON, Montfort. 


BELLEROPHON CRASSUS.—Shell large, very thick, subglobose, or a little longer 
than wide; volutions expanding somewhat rapidly, rounded over the dorsum 
and sides ; umbilical region excavated, but not perforate ; mesial band narrow, 
rather prominent, and margined on each side by a raised line; aperture 
transverse, reniform, or sublunate ; lip strongly thickened near the umbilical 
excavations on each side, but not covering them, thinner and but slightly 
prominent on either side of the narrow sinus in its outer margin, and spreading 
in the form of a moderately thick, smooth, callus, over the inner whorls 
within the aperture, and between the callosities on each side; surface marked 
by rather distinct irregular wrinkles, and lines of growth, the former of which 
are strongest on each side near the lip. 

Greatest length 2°20 inches; breadth at the aperture 2 inches; breadth of 
the mesial band near the aperture 0°12 inch. 

Locality and position. Pittsburg, St. Claire County, Illinois. Lower part 
of the Coal measures. 


Genus PLEUROTOMARIA, Defrance. 


PLEUROTOMARIA SUBCONSTRICTA.—Shell small, conical subovate, longer than 
wide ; spire moderately elevated, rather pointed at the apex. Volutions five 
and a-haif to six, obliquely flattened or concave above, excepting near the 
suture, where there is a subangular prominence occupied by a series of small 
nodes or granules; those of the spire having a second angle a little below 
the middle. Body whorl forming rather more than half the entire length, 
biangular around the middle, the lower angle being less prominent and more 
obtuse than the other, and not exposed on the spire; vertically flattened or 
a little concave on the outer side, and convex below. Suture linear, but 
occupying a rather distinct rounded constriction or depression. Aperture 
broad subovate, approaching a rhombic subquadrate outline; columella not 
distinctly perforate. Surface ornamented by about fifteen revolving lines, 
some ten or twelve of which occupy the under side of the body whorl, where 
they are larger than on any other part of the shell; crossing these there are 
very fine transverse strie, which are closely arranged on the upper slope of 
the whorls, particularly in crossing the spiral band, but on reaching the lower 
angle of the body whorl, they become stronger, so as to give it a crenulated 
appearance. Spiral band narrow, flat and locatedjust above the middle angle 
of the body volution. 

(Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 459 


Length 0°33 inch; breadth 0:24 inch; apical angle nearly regular, diverg- 
ence 60°. 

Lecality and position. Hodges Creek, Macoupen County, Illinois. Coal 
measures. 


PLEUROTOMARIA GRANULOSTRIATA.—Shell very small, conical subovate, or 
subtrochiform ; spire moderately elevated; volutions five, increasing rather 
gradually in size, compressed convex, last one prominently rounded or 
subangular around the middle; suture well defined; aperture subcircular ; 
spiral band not very distinctly defined, located near the middle of the body 
whorl and passing around just above the suture on the outer turns; columella 
imperforate. Surface ornamented by about twelve or thirteen comparatively 
distinct revolving lines, eight of which occupy that portion of the body whorl 
below the band, where they are a little smaller and more closely arranged 
than above. 

On the upper slope of the whorls above the band, the three or four revolving 
lines occupying that part of the shell are crossed obliquely by distinct 
transverse lines, which are so much stronger on the revolving strie than 
between them, that they present the appearance of small nodes or granules, 
at the points of crossing. One of the revolving lines, which is larger than the 
others, passes around on the middle of the revolving band, and is neatly and 
regularly crenulated by the crossing of the transverse lines. 

Length 0.17 inch; breadth 0°15 inch ; apical angle regular, divergence 60°. 

Locality and position. Hodges Creek, Macoupen County, Illinois. Coal 
measures. 


PLEUROTOMARIA TENUICINCTA.—Shell small, conical ovate, spire moderately 
elevated ; volutions seven, obliquely flattened or a little concave above, convex 
and more or less distinctly angular around the middle, last one tumid below ; 
suture distinct; spiral band very narrow, concave, located a little above the 
middle of the body whorl, and passing around rather below the middle of the 
others; aperture subcircular; umbilical region indented, but apparently not 
distinctly perforate. Surface ornamented by about eighteen to twenty rather 
distinct revolving lines, only two or three of which occupy the flattened or 
concave upper slope above the band, where they are less prominent than the 
others ; while the two forming the margins of the band are more salient than 
any of those below; fine, regularly arranged strie, which are much more 
distinct on the slope above, than below the band, mark the whorls transversely. 

Length 0°24; breadth 0°20 inch ; apical angle a little convex, divergence 60°. 

Locelity and position. Springfield, Illinois. Upper Coal measures. 


PLEUROTOMARIA PRATTENI.—Shell very small, conical ovate, the length being 
greater than the breadth; spire rather elevated, but not acute at the apex; 
volutions six to six and a-half, slightly convex, increasing gradually in size, 
those of the spire more or less distinctly angular around the middle, last one 
sometimes slightly flattened near the middle just below the angle, and convex 
on the under side; suture well defined. Spiral band of moderate breadth, 
not very distinctly defined, sometimes slightly concave, occupying the more 
or less compressed middle portion of the last whorl, and passing around so as 
to bring its lower margin a little above the suture on the other turns. 
Aperture subcircular; columella arcuate, a little flattened below, and imper- 
forate; outer lip thin; sinus narrow and deep. Surface marked by about 
eighteen to twenty very small, obscure revolving striz, some twelve or thirteen 
of which occupy the body whorl below the band, where they are a little larger 
than those above the angle, and more regularly arranged; lines of growth 
very fine and obscure. 

Named in honor of Mr. Henry Pratten, deceased, formerly of the Geological 
Survey of Illinois. 


1860.] 


460 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Length 0-24 inch; breadth 0.18 inch; apical angle convex, divergence 
about 37°. 

Locality and position. Hodges Creek, Macoupen County, Illinois. Coal 
Measures. Abundant. 


PLEUROTOMARIA SUBSINUATA.—Shell, conical ovate; spire elevated ; volutions 
six, convex, last one, in mature shells, sometimes obliquely flattened a little 
above, just below the suture, thence rounded below; suture linear, but occupying 
a more or less deeply rounded depression; spiral band not well defined, 
angular, located above the middle of the body whorl, at the lower edge of the 
slight flattening of its upper side, and passing around the middle of the upper 
turns; sinus of the lip, judging from the curve of the lines of growth in crossing 
the band, shallow, and not very clearly defined; aperture subcircular; columella 
indented in the umbilical region, but not distinctly perforate. Surface 
ornamented by about fourteen to eighteen distinct revolving lines, three of 
which, on the middle of the last turn, are larger than those above, while those 
below gradually diminish in size toward the umbilical pit; only two or three 
of the smaller lines usually occupy the slightly depressed upper part of the 
whorls, where they are crossed by a series of regularly arranged, transverse 
cost or wrinkles; lines of growth obscure. 

Length 0:40 inch; breadth 0-31 inch; apical angle convex, divergence 55°. 

Locality and position. Hodges Creek, Macoupen County, Illinois. Coal 
Measures. 


PLEUROTOMARIA CHESTERENSIS.—Shell of medium size, turbinate; spire 
moderately elevated; volutions about six, increasing rather gradually in size, 
convex, distinctly carinated around the middle, and flattened, ora little concaye 
above and below the carina, the flattened space above being oblique, and that 
below vertical; last whorl provided with a second carina below the other, and 
a little convex on the under side; suture linear; umbilicus small, or nearly 
closed; surface marked by numerous fine, regular, thread-like revolving lines, 
crossed by similar strie, which, in traversing the spiral band,—which occupies 
the space on the middle of the body whorl between the two carine,—make a 
gentle backward curve, parallel to the border of the rather shallow sinus of 
the outer lip; aperture subcircular, approaching a subquadrate outline. 

Length 0:75 inch; breadth 0-72 inch; apical angle regular, divergence about 
60°; breadth of spiral band 0-14 inch. 

Similar in form and general appearance to P. tabulata, Conrad, but differs 
in having a small umbilicus, while the axis of that shell is not perforate. It 
also differs in having a much broader spiral band, which occupies the space 
between the two caring, instead of coinciding with the upper angle. Again 
the upper carina of the shell under consideration is never crenulated, as in 
Conrad’s species. 

Locality and position. Chester, Illinois. Chester Limestone of the Lower 


Carboniferous series. 


PLEUROTOMARIA SUBSCALARIS.—Shell large, rather thick, conical ovate; spire 
moderately elevated ; volutions six, those near the summit of the spire flattened, 
the others convex, and provided with a distinct, sharp carina, which oceupies 
a position a little above the middle of the body whorl, passes around near the 
middle of the second, becomes lower on the third, and sinks below the suture 
on the others. Below this angle there is on the body volution, a second less 
distinct subangular prominence, with a broad, vertical, nearly flattened, or 
slightly concave space between the two. Under side of last turn a little convex, 
and the umbilical region somewhat indented, but not perforate; suture well 
defined. Spiral band narrow, and occupying the principal angle of the whorls. 

The surface of our specimen is somewhat eroded, but it retains traces of 
about twenty rather strong revolving lines, eight or nine of which occupy the 
upper side of the whorls, above the carina, some three or four the flattened 


[Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 461 


outer side of the body whorl, and the remainder the under side. On the upper 
sloping surface of the whorls there are also regularly arranged, oblique 
transverse strive, which, in well-preserved specimens, are probably continued 
upon the outer and under sides of the last turn. 

Agrees with P. tabulata, Conrad, in size and general appearance, but differs 
in having the upper whorls of the spire more depressed, and without any angle 
visible above the suture. The principal angle on its lower whorls also appears 
to be destitute of the crenulation, so distinct on that of P. tabulata. 

Length 1:67 inch; breadth 1°52 inch; apical angle convex, divergence 70°. 

Locality and position. Macoupen County, Illinois. Lower Coal Measures. 


PLEUROTOMARIA SPECIOSA.—Shell attaining a medium size; spire moderately 
elevated ; volutions seven to seven and a-half, subangular just below the suture, 
thence obliquely flattened to a much more distinct revolving angle a little below 
the middle of the upper turns, and about the middle of the body whorl. Below 
this second angle the outer side of the last turn is vertically flattened or a little 
concave, so as to produce a third obtuse revolving prominence below the 
middle, beneath which the under side of the whorl is convex. Suture well 
defined. Spiral band narrow, very prominent, angular and regularly crenu- 
lated by cross lines, occupying and partly forming the middle angle of the 
body whorl, which passes around on the upper whorls a little more than 
one-third of their breadth above the suture. Aperture subcircular, approaching 
subpentagonal; umbilicus small. Surface ornamented by eighteen to twenty- 
two thread-like revolving lines, about twelve of which occupy the under side 
of the body whorl, four to seven the upper slope, and two or three the outer 
flattened space. Crossing all these there are numerous extremely fine, very 
regular, closely arranged transverse lines, about every fourth or fifth one of 
which is considerably enlarged near the suture; and they all curve obliquely 
backwards in approaching the spiral band. 

Length about 0°55 inch; breadth 0-51 inch; apical angle regular, divergence 
82°; breadth of spiral band not more than about 0°03 inch. 

Locality and position. Hodges Creek, Macoupen County, [linois. Coal 
Measures. 


PLEUROTOMARIA TURBINIFORMIS—Shell rather large, trochiform, height and 
breadth nearly equal ; spire conical, moderately elevated ; volutions about five 
and a half to six, flat, last one distinctly angular around the outer side, and 
flattened or slightly convex below; umbilical region somewhat excavated, but 
not perforate; spiral band extremely narrow, crooved, occupying the angle 
around the outer side of the body whorl, and passing around scarcely above 
the suture on the other volutions, margined above and below by a sharply 
elevated line; suture linear, but well defined, having a somewhat banded 
appearance, in consequence of the development of a rather distinct revolving line 
at the upper margin of each whorl; aperture apparently rhombic subquadrate. 
Surface ornamented by about twenty obscure, closely arranged, revolving strie, 
crossed by stronger, very regular transverse lines, which are most distinct on 
the upper part of the whorls, and pass with a gentle curve obliquely 
backwards and outwards to the spiral band. Below the angle the body 
whorl is nearly smooth, or only marked by very obscure lines of growth, a and 
faint traces of revolving strie. 

Length about 0°93 inch; breadth nearly 0-97 inch; apical angle regular, 
divergence 64°. 

Locality and position. Lasalle, Illinois. Upper Coal Measures. 


PLEUROTOMARIA SCITULA.—Shell small, trochiform, length and breadth nearly 
equal; spire depressed conical; volutions six, a little convex, last one prominent 
and narrowly rounded or subangular on the periphery, slightly convex below; 
suture somewhat channelled; aperture subcircular, approaching a subquadrate 
form; umbilical region impressed, but not distinctly perforate; spiral band 


1860.] 32 


462 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


rather narrow, concave, and located above the narrowly rounded periphery of 
the body whorl, passing around rather below the middle of the other volutions. 
Surface ornamented by from about seventeen to twenty-two revolving lines,* 
only three or four of which occupy that part of the body whorl above the 
band, where they are larger and more widely separated than below; distinct, 
but much smaller, regularly arranged, thread-like lines mark the yolutions 
transversely. 

Length and breadth each about 0-22 inch; apical angle convex, divergence 79°. 

Locality and position. Hodges Creek, Macoupen County, Illinois. Coal 
Measures. 


PLEUROTOMARIA SHUMARDI.—Shell trochiform, of medium size, very thin; spire 
moderately elevated, conical, pointed at the apex. Volutions about six, 
increasing rather rapidly in size, obliquely flattened above; those of the spire 
being somewhat angular near the lower side; last one very prominent, and 
angular around the middle, the immediate edge of the angle being terminated 
by the narrow spiral band, convex below. Band slightly concave, and 
margined above and below by a small line or indistinct angle, the lower one 
of which scarcely rises above the suture on the upper whorls. Suture well 
defined. Umbilicus small, or nearly closed. Aperture rhombic subquad- 
rangular, wider than high. Surface ornamented by numerous transverse lines, 
which are very regular and closely arranged on the upper whorls, but become 
stronger, more distinct, and less regular on the last turn. In crossing the 
upper flattened sloping sides of the whorls, these lines arch a little forward, 
and pass very obliquely backwards from the suture to the band; on the under 
side of the body whorl they are small, nearly obsolete, and crossed by obscure 
traces of fine revolving striz. 

Named in honor of Dr. B. F. Shumard, State Geologist of Texas. 

Length 0-70 inch; breadth 0-73 inch: apical angle rather distinctly concave, 
divergence 70° 

Locality and position. Warsaw and Keokuk, Illinois. Base Geode bed, 
Warsaw Limestone, of Lower Carboniferous series. 


Genus STRAPAROLLUS, Montfort? —EKUOMPHALUS, Sowerby. 


EvomMPHALUS PLANODORSATUS.—Shell of medium size, subdiscoidal, spire nearly 
flat; or but slightly elevated above the body whorl. Volutions about five, 
increasing gradually in size from within, fiat above, and provided with a 
moderately distinct revolving angle about two-thirds of the distance across 
from the inside; from this angle the outer whorl is rounded over the periphery 
to about the middle of the under side, where there is another angle, from 
which it rounds into the umbilicus; suture well defined. Umbilicus large, 
deep and showing about one-half of each inner whorl; aperture subcireular. ° 
(Surface unknown.) Height about 0-30 inch; breadth | inch. 

Allied to EF. pentangulatus, Sowerby, but differs in having the angle on the 
upper side of the whorls located nearer the outer margin, and the periphery or 
outer side of its volutions more broadly rounded. 

Locality and position. Thompson’s quarry, Randolph County, Illinois. Chester 
Limestone, of Lower Carboniferous series. 


EvomMPHALUS UMBILICATUS.—Shell of medium size, depressed subtrochiform ; 
spire rather elevated for a species of this genus. Volutions five to five and 
a-half, convex, increasing gradually in size, nearly horizontally flattened on 
the upper side, about half-way across from the suture, where there is a 
rather distinct revolving angle, below this angle the upper oblique outer 
slope is slightly flattened to near the middle of the outer side, which, in the 
last whorl, is narrowly rounded; under side of body volution rounded to a 
moderately distinct angle near the middle, thence rounding into the umbilicus. 
Suture well defined. Umbilicus large, or nearly twice as wide as the diameter 


[Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 463 


of the last turn, very deep and permitting the inner side of all the volutions to 
be seen to the summit of the spire. Surface marked by fine, rather obscure 
lines of growth. 

Heighth 0-88 inch; breadth 1-08 inch; breadth of umbilicus, measuring from 
its marginal angle on the middle of the under side of last whorl, 0°68 inch; 
apical angle convex, divergence about 100°. 

Locality and position. St. Clair County, [inois. Lower Coal Measures. 


Genus NATICOPSIS, McCoy. 


NaTicopsis Noposus.—Shell obliquely subrhomboidal, rather thick; spire 
depressed; volutions four and a-half, convex, increasing rapidly in size, last 
one large, gibbous, oblique, and composing three-fourths of the entire length, 
round on the outer side, and having shallow revolving depressions near the 
suture above; suture moderately distinct; aperture subovate; lip sharp; 
columella distinctly flattened, somewhat callous, not perforated. Surface 
ornamented by numerous, nearly round, distinct nodes, which are arranged in 
oblique rows, parallel to the lines of growth near the aperture of the last 
turn, but become more crowded, and show a tendency to assume a quincunx 
arrangement on other parts of the shell; lines of growth fine, rather regular 
and scarcely deflected from their course by the presence of the nodes. 

Length, measuring from the most extended part of the aperture below, 
obliquely to the apex of the spire, 1 inch; breadth 0-52 inch; apical angle 
convex, divergence about 96°. > 

Locality and position. St. Clair County, Illinois. Lower Coal Measures. 


Naticopsis Hoiuipayi.—Shell obliquely oblong-oval, thick and solid; spire 
depressed subconical, pointed at the immediate apex; volutions four to four 
and a-half, convex, excepting just below the suture, where there is a shallow 
revolving depression,—rapidly enlarging, the last one forming more than 
two-thirds the entire length; suture linear; aperture ovate around the margin, 
but contracted by the broad columella so as to be nearly semicircular within ; 
columella distinctly flattened, broad, and marked along its sharp, nearly 
straight inner margin, by a well defined opercular impression. Surface 
ornamented by very fine regular lines of growth, and numerous small nodes, 
arranged in oblique rows; the larger nodes on the last half and upper part of 
the body whorl being more or less elongated in the direction of the lines of 
growth. 

Length 1:15 inches; breadth 1:20 inches; apical angle nearly regular, 
divergence 107°. Named in honor of Mr. George H. Holliday, of Carinville, 
Macoupen County, Illinois, to whom we are indebted for the specimens 
described. 


Locality and position. Hodges Creek, Macoupen County, Illinois. Coal 
Measures. 


Genus PLATYOSTOMA, Conrad. 


PLATYOSTOMA NANA.—Shell quite small, subglobose, wider than high; spire 
much depressed; volutions three, increasing very rapidly in size, last 
one large and ventricose; suture rather deeply defined; aperture large, 
broad obovate, straight on the inner side, equalling nearly seven-eighths of 
the entire length of the shell; surface marked by fine lines of growth, which 
become stronger, and very regular near the suture on the upper side of the 
whorls. 

Length 0-19 inch; breadth 0-21 inch; length of aperture 0°15 inch, breadth 
of do. 0:11 inch; apical angle about 123°. 

Differs from P. Peoriensis, McChesney, in being much smaller, and in having 
one whorl more, while its aperture is widest above instead of below. 

Locality and position. Springfield, Illinois. Upper Coal measures. 


Piaryostoma? TommDA.—Shell rather large, thin, subpyriform, a little longer 


1860.] 


464 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


than wide; spire much depressed, or nearly flat; volutions four to four and 
a-half, convex, increasing rapidly in size, last one large, or forming about 
eight-ninths of the entire length, prominent and narrowly rounded aboye, 
contracted and extended below; suture well defined; aperture large, longer 
than wide, obovate, the inner side being nearly straight; columella not 
perforate; surface (of an exfoliated specimen) retaining traces of rather strong 
revolving lines. 

Length 1-21 inches; breadth 1°17 inches; length of aperture 1-05 inches; 
breadth of do. 0°63 inch; apical angle regular, divergence 132°. 

It is only provisionally we have placed this species in the genus Platyostoma; 
the only specimen yet obtained being merely a cast retaining portions of the 
shell, but not giving a clear idea of its generic characters. It differs from the typi- 
cal species of that genus in having revolving lines, and will probably be found to 
present other differences. When better specimens can be examined, we suspect 
it will prove to belong to an undescribed genus, though we have not the means 
of settling the question at present. If a new genus is established for its reception, 
a shell figured by Murchison, De Verneuil and Keyserling (Geol. Russia, pl. 23, 
fig. 14), as an undetermined species of Janthina, (= Scalites Verneuilit, of 
D’Orbigny), should probably be placed in the same group. 

Locality and position. Grayville, Illinois. Coal Measures. 


Genus EUNEMA, Salter. 


EuneMa? SALTERI.—Shell elongate conical, turreted, acute at the apex. Volu- 
tions thirteen, slightly convex, increasing very gradually in size, ornamented 
by two small revolving carine a little below the suture, the lower one of which 
is larger than the other; last whorl having a third angle near the middle, 
which passes around just above the suture on the other volutions; below 
this third angle there is on the under side of the last turn a fourth nearly 
obsolete revolving prominence. Suture linear. Aperture ovate, a little oblique. 
Columella arcuate, not perforate. Lines of growth fine, rather obscure, and 
passing straight across the whorls. 

Length 0-50 inch; breadth 0:17 inch. Length of aperture 0°17 inch; breadth 
0:10 inch. Apical angle convex, divergence 20°. 

This beautiful little shell differs from the typical species of the genus in 
which we have provisionally placed it, in having the lines of growth straight 
instead of sinuous. This character, and the revolving carine, would also 
separate it from Lozonema, to which we were at first inclined to refer it. On 
a hasty examination it might be referred to the genus Murchisonia, some species 
of which it nearly resembles in its general appearance; a careful examination, 
however, has satisfied us that its lines of growth do not make the slightest 
curve, so as to indicate the existence of a sinus in any part of the lip. We 
suspect it may belong to an undescribed genus; though, if it were from a more 
modern formation, we should scarcely hesitate to place it in the genus Turritella. 

Named in honor of Mr. J. W. Salter, the distinguished Palzontologist of the 
British Geological Survey. 

Locality and position. Springfield, Illinois. Upper Coal Measures. 


Genus LOXONEMA, Phillips. 


We doubt the propriety of referring such forms as are here described, to the 
recent genus Turbonilla, (—Chemnitzia, D’Orbigny,) since they are generally 
not only much larger shells, but differ in not having, so far as we have been 
able to see, the apex of the spire reversed, as in the species upon which the 
genus Turbonilla was founded. We therefore agree with those who prefer to 
retain Phillips’ name, Loxonema, for these older fossil species. 


LoxonEMA SCITULA.—Shell small, elongate, conical ; spire elevated and regu- 
larly tapering; volutions eight to eight and a half, very slightly convex, in- 
creasing gradually in size, last one rounded and not produced below; suture 


[Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 465 


moderately well defined; aperture obliquely ovate, acutely angular above. 
Surface ornamented by distinct, regularly disposed, straight vertical folds or 
coste, about fourteen or fifteen of which occupy each turn; folds equalling 
the depressions between, and on the last turn becoming suddenly obsolete 
below the middle; no lines of growth visible. 

Length 0-23 inch ; breadth, 0-10 inch; length of aperture, 0-07 inch; breadth 
of do., 0.04 inch. Apical angle regular, divergence 25°. 

Locality and position. Springfield, Illinois. Upper Coal Measures. 


LoxoneEMA RUGOSA.—Shell small, elongate, conical; volutions seven and a 
half to eight, very slightly convex, increasing gradually in size, last one abruptly 
rounded in the middle, not extended below; suture rather slightly impressed ; 
aperture ovate. Surface of each whorl ornamented by about eighteen to nine- 
teen straight, distinct, vertical folds or cost, which equal the depressions 
between,-and are disposed so as to range in regular lines from the last whorl 
to the summit of the spire; those on the body whorl becoming abruptly obso- 
lete below the middle. No lines of growth visible. 

Length, 0-44 inch; breadth 0:18 inch; length of aperture 0-12 inch; breadth 
of do., 0°08 inch. Apical angle convex above, divergence 25°. 

Near the last, but differs in having the spire less attenuate above, and in 
having more costz to each turn. The cost also differ in being ranged in 
right lines, all the way up the spire, while those of the adjacent whorls, in the 
last, alternate. This latter character gives quite a peculiar aspect to this 
species. 

Locality and position. Same as last. 


LoXONEMA CERITHIFORMIS.—Shell rather under medium size, elongate, conical; 
spire elevated, gradually tapering to an acute point. Volutions, eleven to 
twelve, convex, and increasing gradually in size; last one not much enlarged, 
somewhat prominently rounded below the middle. Suture well defined. 
Aperture oval, subrhombic, a little longer than wide, apparently provided 
with a small, rather oblique notch at the base of the columella; outer lip thin, 
broadly and deeply sinuous above and prominent below, so as to present a dis- 
tinct inversely sigmoid outline; columella arcuate. Surface nearly smooth, but 
showing under a lens very fine, obscure lines of growth, which curve parallel 
to the margin of the lip; just below the suture these lines are gathered into a 
series of minute, short, regularly arranged wrinkles or crenulations, scarcely 
visible without the aid of a magnifier. 

Length, 0-70 inch; breadth, 0°24 inch; length of aperture, 0°18 inch; breadth 
of do., 0-ll inch. Apical angle regular, divergence 24°. 

Appears to agree very nearly with Chemnitzia subconstricta of Koninck, in 
form and surface markings; but differs, in the form of the aperture, and in 
having a small notch or sinus, with a slight projection of the lip, at the base 
of the columella. 

Locality and position. Springfield, Iinois. Upper Coal Measures. 


LoxoNEMA INORNATA.—Shell small, conical subovate; spire moderately 
elevated, pointed at the apex; volutions seven, slightly convex, increasing 
rather gradually in size, last one somewhat prominently rounded in the 
middle, but not ventricose; suture rather shallow; aperture narrow sub- 
ovate, acutely angular above, narrow, and provided with a small rounded 
sinus at the base of the columella below; columella arcuate; outer lip thin, 
and apparently but slightly sigmoid in outline; surface smooth, or only show- 
ing very obscure traces of fine lines of growth under a good lens. 

Length, 0°38 inch; breadth, 0-18 inch; apical angle convex, divergence 
about 30°. Length of aperture, 0-16 inch; breadth of do., 0-09 inch. 

Locality and position. Springfield, Illinois. Upper Coal Measures. 


LoxoneMA NiTIDULA.—Shell of medium size, subfusiform; spire elongated, 


1860.] 


466 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


conical, rather attenuate, and acutely pointed above; volutions eight to eight 
and a half, convex, and increasing rather gradually in size,—last one moderately 
large, somewhat contracted, and extended below; suture well defined, espe- 
cially between the lower whorls; aperture narrow, suboyate, a little oblique, 
acutely angular above, rather narrow, and terminating in a small rounded 
sinus at the base of the columella below, less than half the length of the entire 
shell; outer lip thin and sharp, with a scarcely sigmoidal margin; columella 
arcuate, and somewhat twisted below; surface smooth, but showing under a 
jens very fine, obscure lines of growth. 

Length, 1:10 inch; breadth, 0:43 inch; apical angle regular, divergence 
30°. Length of aperture, 0°47 inch; breadth, 0°20 inch. 

Locality and position. Springfield, Illinois. Upper Coal Measures. 


Genus EULIMA, Risso. 


EvuLima? pERAcuTA.—Shell comparatively large, elongate, conical; spire 
much elevated, attenuate, very acutely pointed at the apex, and sometimes 
subulate. Whorls about thirteen, nearly or quite flat, and increasing very 
gradually in size; last one forming a little more than one-third the entire 
length, slightly prominent around the middle, somewhat extended below; 
suture moderately distinct, particularly between the lower whorls. Aperture 
rather narrow, subovate, acutely angular above, and narrowly rounded below ; 
outer lip thin and sharp; inner lip very slightly thickened, and a little re- 
flexed below; columella arcuate or faintly sinuous. Surface polished, but 
showing under a good lens extremely fine, very obscure lines of growth. 

Length, 1:67 inch; breadth, 0°54 inch; apical angle regular, divergence 
22°. Length of aperture, 0°55 inch; breadth of do., 0°30 inch. 

Locality and position. Jacksburg, St. Clair county, Illinois. Lower Coal 
Measures; also near Springfield, in Upper Coal Measures. 


Genus MACROCHEILUS, Phillips. 


Some confusion exists in regard to the limits of this genus, in consequence 
of the fact that Prof. Phillips did not define it clearly, and unfortunately in- 
cluded in it species belonging to several groups, without designating what 
particular species he regarded as the type of his genus. Nearly all subsequent 
authors, however, agree in referring to it those oval, or subglobose forms, with 
a thickened inner lip, and a more or less developed fold on the columella, 
such as M. primigenious, (=Stylifer primigenious, Conrad); while there are 
many other more elongated species referred sometimes to this genus, and 
sometimes to Loxonema, or to Chemnitzia. 

It seems to us it would be better to regard as typical of this genus, only 
such species as have developed, in a greater or less degree, the fold and thicken- 
ing of the inner lip,—nearly or quite all of which, so far as our observations 
go, are the shorter forms. The more slender, elongated species, with a com- 
paratively small body whorl, somewhat extended below, and without any 
thickening of the inner lip, should, we think, be placed in a separate section, 
either of this genus, or of Loxonema, or constitute a distinct group from both. 


MAcROCHEILUS MEDIALIS.—Shell of medium size, rather thick, rhombic, oval ; 
spire depressed conical, acutely pointed at the apex, forming near one-third 
of the entire length. Whorls six to six and a half, convex, increasing some- 
what rapidly in size; last one large, but not ventricose, the widest part being 
near the middle; suture distinct. Aperture rather narrow, oval, acutely 
angular above, and narrowly rounded below; outer lip sharp, nearly straight, 
or but slightly prominent in the middle. Columella a little sinuous about half 
way up the aperture. Inner lip thickened to the top of the aperture, but not 
provided with a distinct fold or prominence below,—marked by small, regular, 
obscure transverse strize or wrinkles above the middie. Surface apparently 
smooth, but showing under a lens traces of fine, very obscure lines of growth. 


[Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 467 


Length, 1:12 inch; breadth, 0°68 inch; length of aperture, 0-72 inch; 
breadth of do., 0-39 inch. Apical angle convex, divergence 83°. 
Locality and position. Springfield, Mlinois. Upper Coal Measures. 


MACROCHEILUS INTERCALARIS.—Shell of medium size, rhombic, oval; spire 
conical, forming more than one-third of the entire length, pointed at the ex- 
tremity. Volutions six to seven, compressed convex, increasing rather rapidly 
in size; last one comparatively large, but not ventricose, widest near the 
middle, and compressed above. Aperture narrow, suboyate, a little oblique, 
narrowly rounded, and faintly sinuous below, acutely angular above: outer 
lip thin, slightly prominent along the middle; columella having a small 
sinuosity in the middle, below which the lip is thickened, so as to form a 
moderately distinet oblique fold or obtuse prominence; inner lip not much 
thickened above. Surface smooth, but showing obscure traces of very fine 
lines of growth under a magnifier. 

Length, 1:14 inch; breadth, 0:70 inch. Length of aperture, 0-70 inch; 
breadth of do., 0°32 inch. Apical angle convex, divergence 74°. 

Locality and position. Same as last. 


MACROCHEILUS PULCHELLUS.—Shell of medium size, rhombic, oval, or sub- 
fusiform; spire rather elevated, pointed at the apex, composing more than 
two-fifths the entire length. Whorls seyen and a half, distinctly convex, in- 
creasing moderately in size, last one not ventricose; suture well defined. 
Aperture narrow, subovate, acutely angular above, and rather narrowly 
rounded below; outer lip sharp, and slightly sigmoid in outline; columella a 
little arcuate, or sinuous in the middle; inner lip moderately thickened, some- 
what prominent, or showing a slight disposition to form an obtuse fold below. 
Surface polished, and haying faint traces of fine lines of growth, which can 
only be seen by the aid of a magnifier. 

Length, 1-30 inch; breadth, 0-79 ince; length of aperture, 0°75 inch; breadth 
of do., 0°34 inch. Apical angle convex, divergence 64°. 

Locality and position. Same as last. 


New Genus SOLENISCUS.* 


The shell upon which we propose to found this genus, differs from the smooth 
species usually referred to Loxonema in having the body whorl contracted and 
extended below into a distinct straight canal, with a well defined oblique plait 
or fold rather low on the columella. In the last mentioned character, as well 
as in its smooth surface, it agrees more nearly with the genus Macrocheilus, 
but its fusiform outline, narrow aperture and distinct canal, are peculiarities 
which separate it clearly from that group, as usually understood. In its 
seneral appearance it resembles some species of Fasciolaria; but as it has only 
one, instead of two or three folds on the columella, and is entirely destitute of 
nodes, cost, or revolving marks, while its outer lip is quite smooth within, 
there is little reason for supposing it to be really nearly related to that genus, 
which is unknown below the upper Cretaceous. 

It is probable that when the aperture and columella of such species as 
Macrocheilus limneformis, McCoy, and Macrocheilus fusiformis, Hall, (non MM. 
fusiformis of Morris’ Catalogue,) as well as of several of the smooth fusiform 
species referred by others to Lozonema, are better known, they will be found 
to possess the characters of this genus. 


SoLENIScUS TyPIcus.—Shell fusiform; spire elevated, and acutely conical at 
the apex; volutions seven to seven and a- half, flat or but slightly convex, 
increasing rather gradually in size, last one comparatively large, slightly ventri- 
cose in the middle, and contracted. into a distinct, straight canal below; suture 
moderately well defined ; aperture very narrow, acutely angular above, and 


*cwanvicxos: a little channel, or gutter. 


1860.] 


468 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


tipering into the canal below; outer lip thin, sharp, and scarcely sigmoid 
in outline; inner lip none; columella straight, and provided with a single 
distinct rather sharply elevated, oblique plait or fold, a little below the middle 
of the aperture; surface smooth, or only showing undera good lens faint traces 
of very fine lines of growth, 

Length 0°73 inch; breadth 0-30 inch; apical angle slightly concave, divergence 
0-40°. Length of aperture and canal, 0°34 inch; breadth of former 0°11 
inch. 

Locality and position. Springfield, Illinois. Upper Coal Measures. 


CEPHALOPODA. 
Genus ORTHOCERAS, Breynius. 


OrRTHOCERAS EXPANSUM.—Shell having the form of a moderately compressed, 
rapidly tapering cone; section subcircular, near the smaller end, but more 
oval towards the larger. Septa concave, and separated near the smaller end 
by spaces between one-fourth and one-fifth their own greater diameter; the 
intervals increasing somewhat, but not near in proportion to the expansion of 
the shell above; siphuncle subcentral, small where it passes through the septa, 
but swelling out into a globular cavity between. Surface apparently smooth. 

Length of an entirely septate specimen imperfect at both extremities, 4°29 
inches; greater diameter at the smaller end 0°80 inch, smaller do. of same 
about 0°71 inch; greater diameter at larger end apparently not less than 3-20 
inches. 

This species is allied in form and general appearance to O. dilatatwm, 
De Koninck, (An. Fos. p. 515, pl. 45, fig. 8, a, b, c), but differs in presenting an 
oval instead of a circular section; its siphuncle is also much more nearly 
central than is represented in DeKoninck’s figure 8, a and b, pl. 45, and differs 
in its peculiarity of swelling out into elpinlan cavities between the. septa. Our 
species seems likewise to differ in its surface markings, being nearly or quite 
smooth; this, however, may be due, a least to some extent, to the exfoliation 
of the outer layers of the shell. 

Locality and position. McDonough County, Illinois; the specimen being found 
loose, its exact geological position is unknown, though it is doubtless a 
carboniferous species. 


Genus CYRTOCERAS, Goldfuss. 


OyRTOCERAS curTUM.—Shell rather under medium size, slightly arched and 
rapidly expanding; section oval, the transverse diameter being greater than 
from the dorsal to the ventral side; lateral margins a little flattened; ventral 
and dorsal sides very broadly rounded. Surface ornamented by numerous 
small, regularly arranged annular striw, or impressed lines, which arch a little 
forward in crossing the dorsum, where they are separated by spaces several 
times their own breadth, excepting near the smaller extremity of the shell. 
On the sides and ventrum, they become much more crowded, and more deeply 
impressed. Septa rather deeply concave; siphuncle small, and placed about 
half-way between the middle and the dorsal side. 

Length of a specimen imperfect at the smaller end, 1-25 inches; greater 
diameter at the aperture about 1:24 inch, smaller do. 0:92 inch; greater 
diameter at the smaller extremity 0°54 inch, ‘smaller do. 0-45 inch. 

Locality and position. Graysville, Mlinois. Coal Measures. 


CYRTOCERAS? DILATATUM.—Shell broadly conical, very rapidly expanding, 
thick, espeeially on one side, a little curved and apparently somewhat 
compressed; surface ornamented by numerous distinct, regularly arranged, 
subimbricating annular marks of growth: septa separated, at about about two 
inches from the smaller end, by spaces near one-twelfth of the greater diameter 
of the shell at the same place; (siphuncle and aperture unknown). Length 


[Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHTA. 469 


of a septate specimen, incomplete at both ends, 1:18 inches; breadth of smaller 
end 1 inch, do. of larger end 2-97 inches. 
Locility and position. Near Springfield, Illinois. Upper Coal Measures. 


Genus NAUTILUS, Breynius. 


NAUTILUS SUBGLOBOSUS.—Shell under medium size, subglobose, broadly rounded 
over the dorsum and sides; umbilicus (in casts) rather small, deep, conical, 
or with nearly vertical sides, showing rather less than the half of each inner 
whorl; volutions about three, increasing rapidly in size, especially in breadth, 
deeply embracing, subangular on the sides around the umbilicus; septa rather 
deeply concave, arching very slightly forward over the dorsal region, where 
they are separated by spaces a little less than one-fifth their own greater 
(transverse) diameter; aperture transversely sublunate, or subreniform; lip 
deeply sinuous on the dorsal side; siphuncle central; surface apparently 
smooth. Length 2:11 inches; height 1:72 inch; breadth at aperture 1-95 inch. 

This species is related to the following, but differs in having a wider umbilicus, 
with more rapidly expanding whorls. It is also more broadly rounded on the 
dorsum, and its septa are rather more closely arranged in proportion to the 
breadth of the whorls. 

Locality and position. Chester, Illinois. Chester Limestone of Lower Car- 
boniferous series. 


NauTitus CuEsTerensis.—Shell under medium size, subglobose, rounded 
over the dorsum and sides; umbilicus (in casts) small and deep, with nearly 
wertical walls, probably almost closed in adult specimens retaining the shell, 
apparently showing little of the inner whorls; volutions about three; increasing 
moderately in size, rather deeply embracing, abruptly rounded, or subangular 
around the umbilicus; septa not very concave, arching very slightly forward 
over the dorsal region, where they are separated by spaces a little less than 
one-fourth their own transverse diameter; siphuncle very nearly or quite 
central; aperture (as inferred from a section of the whorls) transversely 
subreniform; (surface unknown). Length 2-43 inches; heighth about 1:88 
inches; breadth near the aperture about 1:80 inch; breadth of umbilicus (in 
cast) 0°54 inch. 

Locality and position. Same as last. 

NAUTILUS SPECTABILIS.—Shell large, subglobose; umbilicus moderately wide, 
deep, subconical, and showing rather more than half of each inner whorl; 
volutions increasing rather rapidly in size, or more than doubling their diameter 
each turn, broadly rounded over the dorsum, moderately concave within, and 
very narrowly rounded, or subangular along the middle of each side, where 
they are ornamented by a series of low nodes, some fourteen to sixteen of which 
may be counted on either side of each turn; section of the whorls subelliptical, 
the breadth being rather more than double the diameter from the dorsal to the 
umbilical side; siphuncle located a little outside of the centre. Septa distinctly 
coneaye, arching slightly forward over the dorsum, where they are separated 
by spaces less than one-fourth their own transverse diameter. (Surface, 
aperture, and number of whorls unknown.) 

Length of a specimen, consisting entirely of septate whorls, 4:50 inches; 
height of do. 3-47 inches; breadth of the aperture 3:20 inches. 

Locality and position. Gravel Creek, Randolph County, Hlinois. Chester 
Limestone, of Lower Carboniferous series. 


Navtitus (Discus*) PLANoRBIFORMIS.—Shell of medium size, compressed 


*We retain Prof. King’s name Discus, ina subgeneric sense, for all the discoidal forms 
with a central siphuncle, simple septa, and slender contiguous whorls, all exposed in a 
wide, shallow umbilicus. It seems not to be quite synonymous with Discites, of McCoy, 
which is described as having the siphuncle ‘near the outer edge of the periphery.” 
We have some doubts whether such forms should be retained in the same genus with 
the living species of Nautilus. 


1860.) 


470 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


discoidal; umbilicus very wide, shallow, and showing nearly all of each 
inner whorl; volutions about four, increasing gradually in size, slightly 
embracing, nearly rounded in young shells, but becoming somewhat compressed 
on the sides and dorsum, in mature individuals—having a row of obscure nodes 
around each dorso-lateral margin; aperture a little oval, its longer diameter 
being in the direction of the plane of the shell: septa deeply concave, arching 
gently backwards on the sides and dorsum, and separated by spaces less than 
one-third the transverse diameter of the whorls; siphuncle small and central; 
surface apparently smooth. 

Length 3-60 inches; height 3-21 inches; breadth 0-92 inch. 

Locality and position. Alpine, lowa. Coal Measures. 


Navutitus (Discus) Trisutcatus.—Shell discoidal, under medium size; 
umbilicus wide, moderately deep, and showing nearly all of each inner whorl; 
volutions slender, increasing very gradually in size, a little broader transversely 
than the diameter from the dorsum to the ventral margin, ventricose and 
rounded on each side, and provided with a deep rounded sulcus in each 
dorso-lateral region. Between these two sulci, the dorsum is narrow, prominent 
and less deeply grooved, the sulcus being bounded on either side by an angle. 
Surface retaining traces of rather strong longitudinal lines. Septa deeply 
concave, and arching distinctly backwards in each of the dorsal depressions, 
separated on the dorsum by spaces generally less than one-third the transverse 
diameter of the outer whorl at the place of measurement; siphunele rather 
small, and placed a little nearer the dorsal than the ventral side. Length (of 
a specimen retaining a portion of the nonseptate whorl) 2:33 inches; height 
J-82 inches; breadth about 0-87 inch. 

Locality and position. Rockford, Indiana, in beds containing Carboniferous 
species of Goniatites, but usually regarded as Upper Devonian. 


Navritus (Discus) picgonus.—Shell rather small, subdiscoidal; umbilicus 
comparatively large, moderately deep, and showing all of each inner whorl; 
volutions about three or four, in contact, but not embracing, increasing 
gradually in size, broad and nearly flat on the dorsal side, which is marked 
by two very obscure longitudinal depressions near the aperture; distinctly 
angular on each dorso-lateral margin, thence rounding regularly into the 
umbilicus; surface of cast retaining traces of regular, equidistant longitudinal 
lines, and much finer and more closely arranged transverse strie; aperture and 
section of the whorls nearly semicircular, the outer or dorsal side being almost 
straight, and the inner rounded. Septa distinctly concave; their margins 
curving obliquely backwards on the sides of the whorls, from the dorso-lateral 
angles, and deflected backwards in crossing the dorsum. Siphuncle small, 
located about one-third the diameter of each septum from the dorsal side. 

Length, (of an imperfect specimen, about one-third of the outer whorl of 
which is non-septate,) 1:20 inch; height 1 inch; breadth across the dorsum 
of the outer whorl near the aperture, 0°62 inch; diameter of same from the 
dorsal to the ventral side, 0-40 inch. 

Locality and position. Same as last. 


Navtitus (Discus) Sancamonensis.—Of this species we have seen but a 
single specimen consisting of about half of one volution. It is a little wider 
transversely than deep, and increases gradually in size from the smaller to the 
larger end, being evidently part of a discoidal shell, with an umbilicus 
about equalling the transverse diameter of the outer whorl. On the dorsum 
it is nearly flat, or but slightly convex, and the sides are a little concave. The 
ventro-lateral regions are obliquely flattened, so as to form an abrupt slope 
into the umbilicus, leaving a subangular prominence between the umbilicus 
and each slightly concave side. The ventrum is moderately concave along the 
middle, for the reception of the inner whorls, each of which was probably 
about one-third hidden. 


(Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 471 


Or each dorso-lateral angle, there is a series of rather low nodes, about 
twenty to twenty-two of which probably existed on each side of the entire 
whorl. The transverse section of the whorls has a nearly quadrangular form, 
if we revard the small ventral concavity, and the two sloping ventro-lateral 
margins together as one side. The septa are moderately concave, and arch 
gracefully backward on each side, while in crossing the dorsum they arch 
less deeply in the same direction. The siphuncle is small, and located a little 
nearer the dorsal than the ventral side. (Aperture and surface markings 
unknown). 

Length, as inferred from the curve, about 2 inches; height about 1°45 inch ; 
breadth near the aperture 0°88 inch. 

Locality and position. Sangamon County, Illinois. Coal Measures. 


Genus GONIATITES, De Haan. 


GONIATITES GLOBULOSUS.—Shell under medium size, length and breadth 
nearly equal, very broadly rounded on the dorsum; umbilicus deep, less than 
half as wide as the greater (transverse) diameter of the outer whorl ; volutions 
niore than twice as broad transversely, as from the ventral to the dorsal side; 
sides subangular around the umbilicus; aperture transverse, lunate, much 
wider than high; (surface unknown;) surface of internal cast slightly con- 
stricted at intervals, as if from an occasional thickening of the lip. Septa 
moderately distant; dorsal lobe nearly as wide as long, and deeply divided 
into two slightly diverging, simple, lanceolate branches; dorsal saddle lingui- 
form, and a little narrower than the dorsal lobe, but equalling it in length, 
slightly contracted in the middle; superior lateral lobe as long as the dorsal 
saddle, but narrower, and pointed at the extremity; lateral saddle a little 
broader than the dorsal saddle, which it resembles in other respects. 

Length 1-18 inch; height, 1 inch; breadth at the aperture, 1-11 inch. 

Locality and position. Upper Coal Measures, Springfield, Illinois. 


GoniaTitEes lowEnsis.—Shell attaining a rather large size, discoidal or com- 
pressed on the sides, and narrowly rounded on the dorsum ; umbilicus shallow, 
about one-half as wide as the breadth of the outer whorl from the ventral to 
the dorsal side, showing apparently a little less than half of each inner whorl ; 
yolutions increasing gradually in size, but slightly convex on the sides, nearly 
twice as broad on a line from the dorsal to the ventral margins, as the 
diameter at right angles to the same, profoundly grooved on the ventral side 
for the reception of each succeeding whorl; aperture, judging from a transverse 
section of the volutions, narrow sublunate. (Surface unknown.) 

Septa rather crowded and deeply sinuous; dorsal lobe large, considerably 
wider than long, profoundly divided into two large lanceolate branches, each 
of which is a little narrower above than in the middle, and abruptly contracted 
to an acute point at the extremity; dorsal saddle linguiform, slightly oblique, 
a little larger than either division of the dorsal lobe, and longer than wide; 
superior lateral lobe infundibuliform, as long as the dorsal saddle, but not 
more than half as wide, acutely pointed at the apex; lateral saddle a little 
shorter than the dorsal saddle, but narrower at the extremity; inferior lateral 
lobe rather shorter than the superior, particularly on the ventral side, but re- 
sembling it in other respects; ventral saddle shorter than the others, and 
broadly rounded. 

Length 4-21 inches; height 3-43 inches; breadth at the aperture 1-10 inch. 

Locality and position. Alpine, Iowa. Coal Measures. 


Gonratires Lyonr.—Shell attaining a medium size, compressed, discoidal ; 
umbilicus large, or nearly twice the diameter of the outer whorl, from the 
dorsal to the ventral side, very shallow, and showing about four-fifths of each 
inner whorl. Volutions slender, increasing very gradually in size, compressed, 
or about one-third deeper from the dorsal to the ventral side than the trans- 


1860.] 


472 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


verse diameter, rather narrowly rounded on the dorsum, compressed conyex 
on the sides, and provided with a shallow concavity along the ventrum for the 
reception of the inner whorls. Septa moderately distant, and deeply divided 
into six lobes and six saddles; dorsal lobe longer than wide, infundibuliform, 
and acutely pointed; dorsal saddle as long as the dorsal lobe, but wider, and 
rounded at the end; superior lateral lobe halbert-shaped, a little longer than the 
dorsal lobe, and sharply pointed at the extremity: lateral saddle longer and 
narrower than the dorsal saddle, linguiform, and regularly rounded at the 
summit ; inferior lateral lobe similar to the superior, excepting that it is some- 
what smaller; ventral saddle shorter and broader than the lateral saddle, 
rather oblique, and rounded at the end. 

Length of an imperfect entirely septate specimen, 2°55 inches; height, 2-15 
inches ; convexity, 0-57 inch. 

Locality and position. Rockford, Indiana, from the Rockford Goniatite bed, 
the exact age of which is somewhat doubtful, though it is generally considered 
of upper Devonian age. 


Norrz.—In the last number of the Proceedings of the Academy, we described 
a new Hchinoderm, under the name of Melonites Dane, mentioning, at the same 
time, that it differs from the type of the genus Melonites, in having only four, 
instead of eight double rows of pores to each ambulacrum. Since that time 
we have been led to regard this difference as being of more than specific im- 
portance, though until other species or better specimens are known, we cannot 
be quite sure it is of full generic value, especially since these forms seem to be 
exactly alike in other respects. We therefore now propose to found upon this 
species a subgenus, under the name of Oliyoporus (catyos, few ; and zges, opening 
or pore. 

We a avail ourselves of the present opportunity to correct the following 
errata, which were overlooked in correcting the proof of the paper mentioned 
above: 

Page 382, 15th line from the bottom, for second radial read second radials. 

Page 382, for the 4th, 5th and 6th lines from the bottom, substitute secondary 
radials 1X10: resting partly on the second, and partly on the first primary radiais ; 
or, in the absence of the former, directly on the latter. 

Page 382, insert between the first and second lines from the bottom,—Anal 
plate 1, (known) ; varying much in size and form. 

Page 386, 12th line from the bottom, for Actinocrinus scilutus, read Actinoeri- 
nus scitulus. 

Page 389, 2d, 5th and 23d lines from the bottom, and 4th and 5th line from 
the top, for Forbsiocrinus, read Forbesiocrinus. 


Description of a New Species of Exocetus, from Chili. 
BY CHARLES C. ABBOTT. 


Exocetus Chiliensis, Abbott.— Spec. char. Head of medium size, 
without scales, and trigonal. Body much compressed and tapering to 
the tail; peduncle of the tail very slender. Eye unusually large, circular, 
diameter entering two and two-thirds times in the length of the side of 
the head; the orbits are one diameter distant. The posterior extremity 
of the maxillary bone extends to a vertical line drawn anteriorly to the 
anterior margin of the orbit. The nostrils are situated anteriorly to the 
eyes, and are about three diameters distant. Anterior to, between, and 
posterior to the orbits, are numerous pores, with channelled, slender 
depressions over the forehead and occiput, leading to the orifices of these 
pores. A well-defined, carinated row of scales commence, on each side, at 


[Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 473 


the lower margin of the operéular apparatus, and extend in a direct course, 
to the posterior insertion of the anal fin. The dorsal fin has its anterior 
insertion at the commencement of the posterior third of the total length of the 
body, and extends to within three-fourths of an inch of the insertion of the 
caudal fin. The pectoral fin has its insertion immediately behind the margin 
of the opercle, and the extremities of the rays reach the insertion of the caudal 
fin. The ventral fins are unusually small, and have their length equal to their 
width. The anterior insertions of the ventral fins are slightly posterior to the 
corresponding insertion of the dorsal fin, and its termination is opposite that of 
the dorsal fin. The caudal fin is deeply furcated, with the lower lobe of the 
fin one-third longer than the upper. 4 

Toe numbers of the fin-rays are D, 16. P, 15. V,6. A, 15. C, 20- 


4 

Color. In alcoholic specimens, the upper surface of the head and back are 
deep brown with a purple tint; lower portion of the sides and belly silvery 
white. The fins and opercle are bright silvery. Iris chestnut-brown. 

Habitat. Chili. ; 

Two well preserved specimens of this Hzocetus are in the museum of the 
Academy, presented by Mr. C.S. Rand. The colors of this species during life 
are evidently much brighter, giving it an appearance surpassed in beauty by 
no known species. 


Descriptions of Four New Species of North American Cyprinids. 
BY CHARLES C. ABBOTT. 


1. Catostomus Texanus, Abbott.—Spec. char. Headsomewhat compressed, 
large, constituting somewhat more than one-fourth of the total length. Eye 
small, longitudinally oval; its longitudinal diameter constituting one-twelfth 
of the length of the side of the head. Mouth large, with the labial papille 
moderately developed. Body moderately compressed ; a dorsal gibbosity extends 
from the occiput, attaining its greatest height an inch from the occiput, and 
disappearing at the anterior insertion of the dorsal fin; it is carinated 
throughout its whole extent. Dorsal fin one-third longer than high; its base 
enters five and a-half times in the total length; its anterior margin equidistant 
between the base of the caudal and the extremity of the snout. The insertion 
of the ventrals is opposite the centre of the dorsal fin, and much nearer the 
base of the caudal than the extremity of the snout. The posterior extremity of 
the anal fin extends beyond the rudimentary rays of the caudal. The scales 
are of medium size, with a subcentric nucleus near the anterior margins of 
their free portions, from which radiate numerous striz, and around which are 
numerous well defined ridges. The lateral line is nearly straight throughout 
its course. 5 

The numbers of the fin-rays are D, 15. P, 16. V, 10. A, 7. ©, 18- 


5 

Color. Upper surface of the head, back, and sides, a dull slate color; belly 
white (not silvery). Throat yellow. 

Total length, 14 inches. 

atitat. Colorado and New rivers. 

I am indebted to Dr. John L. LeConte, for a note containing a descrip- 
tion of this fish, noticing many peculiarities which the specimen (a stuffed 
one) does not now exhibit. 


2. Catostomus chloropteron, Abbott.—Spec. char. Body considerably 
depressed, rapidly tapering posteriorly. The length of the head enters into 
the entire length of the body four and a-half times. Eye of medium size; the 
diameter of the orbit contained in the length of the head eight times. Mouth 


1860.] 


474 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


of medium size, with the labial papille very conspicuous. The dorsal fin, 
anteriorly, is slightly higher than long; its anterior insertion nearer the 
extremity of the snout than the insertion of the caudal fin. The anterior 
insertions of the ventral fins are opposite the anterior fourth ray of the dorsal and 
nearer the insertion of the caudal fin, than the extremity of the snout. The 
lateral line is nearly straight, and somewhat nearer the dorsal than the ventral 
outline. 

The numbers of the fin-rays are D, 13. P, 16. V, 8. A, 7. C, 20. 

Color. In alcoholic specimens, the back and sides above the lateral line are 
clear, light-blue, becoming pearly white upon the lower half of the sides and 
upon the belly. The fins are bright yellow. 

Total length, 74 inches. 

Habitat. Kansas. 

Two well preserved specimens are in the Museum, presented by Dr. Wm, A. 
Hammond; both probably young. 


3. Gila affinis, Abbott.—Spec. char. The body is slender; tail greatly 
attenuated. Head constituting somewhat more than one-fifth of the total 
length. Eye rather small, subelliptical, its diameter contained six and a-half 
times in the entire length of the head. The posterior extremity of the maxillary 
bone extends to a vertical line, drawn posteriorly to the anterior edge of the 
orbit. Anterior margin of the dorsal fin nearer the base of the caudal than 
the extremity of the snout. Anterior margins of the ventral fins somewhat 
nearer the extremity of the snout than the base of the caudal. The lateral 
line is nearly concurrent with the ventral outline. 3 

The xumbers of the fin-rays are D, 10. P, 16. V, 8. A, 9. ©, 28- 


3 
Color. In alcoholic specimens, the back and upper third of the sides are dull 
violet, becoming pale pink below the lateral line and upon the belly. 
Total length, 6$ inches. 
Habitat. Kansas. 
The Museum contains a single specimen, presented by Dr. Wm. A. Hammond. 


4. Semotilus Hammondii, Abbott.—Spec. char. Body much compressed, 
and tapering rapidly to the tail. The head constitutes more than one-fourth of 
the length of the body, excluding the caudal fin. Snout conical; gape of the 
mouth oblique; the posterior extremity of the maxillary bone extending to a 
vertical line drawn through the extremity of the pupil. Eye subelliptical; its 
diameter entering eight times in the length of the side of the head. Anterior 
margin of the dorsal fin equidistant between the fork of the caudal fin and the 
extremity of the snout. Insertion of the ventrals slightly in advance of the 
dorsals. Dorsal fin somewhat higher than broad, and nearly quadrilateral, 
Anal fin one-third longer than broad, circular atits posterior extremity. Lateral 
line concurrent with the ventral outline. A number of irregularly situated 
tubercles on each side of the head, mostly existing in the orbital region. 

3 

The numbers of the fin-rays are D,9. P, 18. V, 9. A, 9. C, 24— 

2 


Color. In alcoholic specimens, the upper surface of the head, back, and 
sides, are a deep umber brown; belly of a bright yellow. A black spot at the 
anterior base of the dorsal fin, and another very faint at the centre of the 
base of the caudal. A faint black line concurrent with the lateral line. 

Total length, 7 inches. 

Hatiiat. Kansas. 

The Museum contains a single specimen of this fish, presented by Dr. Wm. 
A. Hammond, to whom the species is dedicated. 


[Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 475 


Description ef new species of Apodal Fishes in the Museum of the Academy of 
Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia. 


BY CHARLES C, ABBOTT. 


Genus Herperoicutuys, Kaup. 


Diagn. Jaws nearly equally long. Snout short. Gullet wide. Eyes near 
the end of the snout. Head depressed, so that the eyes are nearer the upper 
surface than they are distant from each other laterally. Anterior nostril tubu- 
lar at the extremity of the snout, and the hinder one at the commencement 
of the outer row of palatine teeth. Between the two, on the border of the 
upper lip, there is a small cutaneous tag. Pectoral fins moderately short. Six 
or seven nasal teeth, and from nine to thirteen vomerine ones. 


1. Herpetoichthys callisoma, Abbott.—Spec. char. Head depressed ; 
the facial outline slightly oblique, and without curvature. The jaws are 
flattened, and the snout terminates in a rather obtuse point. The eyes are 
large, longitudinally oval; the diameter of the orbits entering three times in 
the length of the side of the head, measuring from the angle of the jaws. The 
gill-opening is large and perpendicular; itis situated as much more poste- 
riorly to the extremity of the snout, as anteriorly to the commencement of 
the dorsal fin, as four is to one. The dorsal fin arises nearly opposite to the 
tips of the rays of the pectoral, when it is extended backwards, and reaches 
to within a short distance of the extremity of the tail; it retains a uniform 
height until it nears the posterior eighth of the total length, when it rapidly 
decreases to its termination. The anus is situated slightly posteriorly to the 
anterior third of the total length; and, at its posterior margin the anal fin 
originates, and from thence proceeds the lower surface of the body, and is co- 
terminal with the dorsal fin. 

The teeth upon the mandible and palate are biserial ; the dentition elsewhere 
is uniserial. Nasal teeth eight; compressed, blunt, inwardly directed; four 
are upon the mesial line, the anterior two smaller than the others. Vomerine 
teeth eleven; these form a nearly straight line, and have the anterior six 
somewhat larger than the other five. Palatine teeth upon the outer row 
eleven ; upon the inner row ten; they are similar to the nasal teeth. Mandi- 
bular teeth similar in shape to the nasal teeth, sixteen upon the outer row: 
ten upon the inner row. 

Color. The head, and that portion of the back anterior to the pectoral 
fins, is dull brown, with a purple tint. Ona line with the angle of the mouth, 
extending as far back as the base of the pectorals, this color is uniform, but 
below this line it becomes much paler and white, in irregular patches. Upon 
the head and neck there are numerous circular blackish spots, which occa- 
sionally run into each other, forming irregular blotches. The throat is longi- 
tudinally marked with slender black lines, which extend nearly parallel, and 
reach the base of the pectorals. The ground color of the body is a uniform 
yellowish-brown, lighter on the belly; along the sides, from the pectoral fin 
to the termination of the dorsal, are large, circular, equidistant, very deep 
brown spots, their diameter equal to two-thirds of the width of the body. 
Above and between the large lateral spots, exists a regular row of smaller, but 
similarly shaped spots; the first two commencing anteriorly to the insertion 
of the dorsal fin, and nearly joining upon the back. Beneath and between the 
large lateral spots are smaller ones of a similar shape; these are irregular in 
their position and number, and differ materially, in many respects, on the two 
sides of the body. The dorsal fin is white, marked with irregular spots, of a 
color similar to those upon the body. The anal fin is similar in its coloration 
to the dorsal. The pectorals have a number of very minute dots upon them. 


1860.] 


+76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


A row of circular spots commences on the belly, near the pectoral fins, and 
extends to the anus. 

Total length, 38 inches. To anus, 13 inches. 

Habitat. Pacific Ocean? Cabinet of the Academy. 

A single specimen of this magnificent fish is in the collection presented by 
W.G. Burke, Esq. This specimen, at first glance, would not appear to belong 
to the genus Herpetoichthys; but the slight variations are not sufficient to refer 
the species to any other genus. The exact locality from which the species 
was obtained is uncertain, but various circumstances induce me to suspect it 
18 a species belonging to the Pacific fauna. 


Genus PisoéponopHis, Kaup. 


Teeth short, conic, and more or less blunt. Anterior nostril tube 


Diagn. 
Pectorals more 


well developed, and approximating the corner of the mouth. 
or less fully developed. 

2. Pisoddonophis magnifica, Abbott.—Spec. char. Head small, facial 
outline with an oblique curvature; the snout rather obtuse, with the upper 
jaw extending much beyond the lower, making the nasal teeth visible when 
the mouth is closed. The body is perfectly cylindrical, and tapers very 
gradually to the tail, which terminates in a conico-acute horny point. The 
dorsal fin has its anterior insertion at the occiput, and the fin terminates 
before it reaches the horny extremity of the tail. The anal fin is coterminal 
with the dorsal. The pectoral fin is small, circular, with twenty rays. The 
teeth are all very small, conical, and acute, six standing irregularly on the 
disc of the nasal bone. The teeth upon the palate, vomer, and mandible are 
biserial, and placed very close to each other. Palatine teeth : 


vomerine teeth 

Color. In alcoholic specimens, the ground color of this fish is pink, darkest 
upon the back, and nearly lost upon the belly, which appears white, withcut 
close inspection. At the base of the anterior nasal tubes are two very small 
dark chocolate-brown, semicircular spots; behind these, and anterior to the 
orbits, are situated two similar markings, but larger, and little deeper in 
color. Commencing at the insertion of the dorsal fin are two series of spots 
of chocolate color, separated only by that fin; these spots, if viewed from 
above, have the appearance of transverse bands. These spots are not, in every 
case, directly opposite, but they are generally so. Upon the sides is a single 
series of spots, of the tints of the dorsal markings, which are two-thirds of the 
width of the sides, measuring from the base of the dorsal to the centre 
of the belly. Upon the belly are three rows of small, circular spots, which are 
very irregular as to position. 

Total length, 19 inches. To anus, 8 inches. To gill-opening, 1} inch. 

Habitat. Sandwich Islands. 

The Museum of the Academy contains two specimens, which were collected 


and presented by Dr. J. K. Townsend. 


3. Murena acutirostris, Abbott.—Spec. char. Head much compressed ; 
the facial outline moderately oblique; the jaws greatly attenuated, very 
slender; the lower mandible somewhat the smaller, with a gentle upward 
curve at its extremity. The fold of the skin, enveloping the dorsal fin, is 
unusually thin, and arises within ashort distance of the occiput, with a slope 
of about forty-five degrees. The fin is equal in width to seven-eighths of the 
width of the body, and has no perceivable decrease until it approaches the 
posterior eighth of the body, when it decreases rapidly, and at its termination 
is only equal to one-seventh of the width of the fin upon the back. The eye 
is large, circular, its diameter equal to one-fifth of the length of the side of 
the head, measuring from the angle of the jaws; the orbits are one diameter 


[Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 477 


distant, and the distance from the upper edge of the orbit to the facial outline 
is equal to the distance between the lower margin of the orbit and free edge of 
the upper lip. The gill-opening is rather small, oblique, situated as far pos- 
teriorly to the commencement of the dorsal fin as that is posterior to the angle 
of the jaws. (The pores upon the snout and lateral line, in this specimen, 
are not visible. ) 

The teeth are uniserial, compressed, and very acute; the palatines, 
vomerine, and mandibular teeth all inwardly directed. Nasal teeth fourteen ; 
widely set, and from three to five minute teeth between each pair. Three 
teeth are placed upon the mesial line; thesecond one very slender, and the 
longest tooth in the mouth; the third is twiceas great in circumference, 
and but little shorter than the second tooth. Twelve compressed, acute teeth 
are situated upon the vomer, in a direct line; the anterior tooth much the 
largest. Palatine teeth, thirteen, of a uniform size; the series commencing 
below the centre of the orbit and terminating shortly anteriorly to the angle of 
the jaws. The mandible is armed with twenty-six teeth upon each side; the 
anterior four of each side being nearly three times as great in size, more widely 
set, and the posterior pair have a single, compressed, very small tooth between 
them. 

Color. The ground color of this species is a dark hair brown, nearly black 
upon the occiput and cheek, and along the base of the dorsal fin. The head, 
body, and both fins are irregularly reticulated with narrow bands of white, 
varyirg in width and becoming yellow on the posterior fifth of the dorsal fin, 
and upon that portion of the body, but in aless degree. Three broken lines of 
black extend along the body, from the angle of the jaws to the gill- opening. 
Iris chrome yellow. Total length 193 inches. Toanus 9 inches. To gill-- 
opening 22 inches. 

Habitat. Sandwich Islands. 

A single specimen of this peculiar Murena was brought from the above - 
locality, and presented to the Academy, by Dr. J. K. Townsend, to whom the 
Academy is indebted for many species of fishes, which enrich their icthyo- 
logical cabinet. 

The peculiarity of this Murena, which immediately falls under the notice of 
the icthyologist, is the remarkably slender snout; which consequently gives 
the dentition an unusual aspect, in crowding the marginal nasal teeth and those 
upon the mesial line into elose proximity ; and the vomerine teeth so close to 
the palatines. The great acuteness of the teeth in every series, their close 
proximity, and inward direction, give this species a ferocious appearance, 
which certainly must be realized by every unfortunate fish, whose fate itis to 
be mangled by his jaws. 


4. Thyrsoidea Kaupii, Abbott—The genus Tuyrsormpea differs from 
Murena by having the palatine teeth biserial. 

Spec. Char. Head, facial outline, and general characters of the jaws, except 
their less tenuity, similar to Murena acutirostris, Abb. The fold of the skin, 
enveloping the dorsal fin, is thick on the anterior portion of the fin, and pre- 
vents the rays from being felt. The commencement of the dorsal fin is twice 
as far distant from the gill-opening, as from the angle ofthe jaws. The eye is 
large, longitudinally oval; its longitudinal diameter entering four times in the 
length of the side of the head, measuring from the angle of the jaws. The 
anterior nostrils are furnished with long slender tubes, which extend to the 
free margin of the lip; the posterior nostrils are not tubular. The anus is 
situated two inches anteriorly to the centre of the total length. The body, 
posteriorly to the anus, tapers slowly to the extremity of the tail, which is very. 
acute. 

The nasal teeth number twelve; they are tall, slender, inwardly directed, 
with two very minute teeth between nearly every pair. Two teeth, similar to 
the marginal nasal teeth, stand upon the mesial line, and are the tallest teeth 


1860.] 33 


478 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


in the mouth. Seven short-conical, rather blunt teeth, with the anterior two 
twice as large as the others, stand upon the vomer; the anterior second tooth 
a little beyond the line of the others, otherwise they form a straight series. 
The palatine teeth number twelve or thirteen; they are very much compressed, 
acute, are set near to each other, and are inwardly directed ; these form the outer 
and principal series. Two much larger ones, very near the commencement of 
the outer series, and within that series, form the interior row. This inner row 
is similar in its characters, except as to number, to the outer row of palatines. 
The mandible is armed with a compliment of twenty-two, short, compressed 
teeth, all inwardly directed; the six upon the extremity of the jaw, are three 
times as great in length, as the principal series, and between them is generally 
a pair of minute teeth, which are hidden by the lip, and often entirely con- 
cealed in the soft parts of the jaw. 

Color. The head and body are of a uniform dark umber, the back and sides 
crossed by coarse reticulations of bright sienna. The fins are nearly black, 
with the reticulating bands that cross the body, continuous upon them. The 
head is free from the bands of sienna, as is the throat and a small anterior 
portion of the belly. Upon the throat and sides of the neck are narrow longi- 
tudinal black lines, extending as far back as the gill-opening. 

Total length 18 inches. To anus 8 inches. To gill-opening 2 1-5th inches. 

Habitat. Sandwich Islands. 

This handsomely marked species of Yhyrsotdea has every appearance of a 
Murena, and unless closely examined might be referred that genus. The pres- 
ence of the inner row of palatine teeth, however, preclude the propriety of its 
being so classed. This species belongs to that class of the genus, which has 
but ¢wo teeth upon the inner row of palatines ; a peculiarity which is of too 
slight importance to be considered generic, and is too constant to be considered 
specific. The specimen from which the description was taken, was presented 
to the Academy by Dr. J. K. Townsend. 

This species is named in honor of Dr. J. J. Kaup, of Darmstadt, to whom 
science is indebted for the first systematic elucidation of the history of the 
Apodal Fishes. 


5. Thyrsoidea eurosta, Abbott.—Spec. char. Head large, depressed ; 
the facial outline very slightly oblique. The fold of the skin enveloping the 
dorsal fin is very thick, and arises slightly behind the occiput, nearly perpen- 
dicularly; the fin is of uniform height for two-thirds of its length, when it 
slowly decreases to its termination. The eye is large, circular, and slightly 
behind the extremity of the snout ; the orbits are one diameter and a half dis- 
tant. Thejaws are of equal length. and rather slender; the lower jaw with a 
slight upward curve at its extremity, making the large mandibular teeth 
partially visible when the mouth is closed. The nasal teeth number ten; they 
are biserial, and the inner row are twice as large in every respect as the outer 
row; they are conical, acute, and with a decided inward inclination. The 
palatine teeth number twenty-eight upon the outer row; and nine upon the 
innerrow. The teeth constituting the outer row of palatines are short, very 
much compressed and acute; they havea moderate inward inclination. The 
inner row of palatines are widely set, of various lengths, and have a gape in 
their series, commencing posteriorly opposite the posterior margin of the orbit. 
and ceasing opposite the anterior edges of the orbit; the teeth upon the inner 
series are more than twice as large in all respects as those of the outer row. 
The vomerine teeth number twelve, nine of which are in a direct line, and the 
remaining three concurrent with the central three of the series. The lower jaw 
is armed with a complement of twenty-four compressed, acute teeth, having a 
decidedly inward inclination ; the posterior twelve of these are closely set, and 
in ap unbroken series; the anterior twelve are arranged in pairs, except at the 
extremity of the jaw, where they form two square patches of four teeth each. 

Color. The body and head are of a uniform reddish brown, which become 


[Oct. 


- NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 479 


nearly black upon the under surface of the tail. The whole surface is minutely 
spotted, and reticulated with pale yellowish. 

Total length, 133 inches. Toanus 6 inches. To gill-opening 14 inches. 

Habitat. Sandwich Islands. 

This species is remarkably stout for its length, and presents an unusually 
large number of teeth for the size of the animal. But a single specimen is in 
the museum ; which specimen was collected and presented by Dr. J. K. Town- 
send. 


6. Thyrsoidea concolor, Abbott.—Spec. char. Head compressed, slightly 
depressed upon the occiput ; jaws slender. The eye is large, circular, its diame- 
ter contained four times in the length of the side of the head, measuring from 
the angle of the jaws. Tne dorsal fin originates at the occiput, and has a 
slope at its commencement, of about forty-five degrees, the fin is of a uniform 
height, until midway between the anus and the extremity of the tail, when it 
commences gradually to decrease. The anus is slightly anterior to the centre 
of the body, and the anal fin, that there has its commencement, is equal in 
width to one-tenth of the width of the body, and extends to the extremity of 
the tail, preserving throughout a nearly uniform width. 

The nasal teeth number twelve ; they are all slender, conical and acute, with 
a pair of minute, compressed teeth between each pair of the marginal teeth ; 
three teeth stand upon the mesial line, the centre one of which is the tallest 
tooth in the mouth. The outer row of the palatine teeth number sixteen ; they 
are of uniform height, compresed, acute and with an inward tendency. The 
inner row consists of two teeth, placedat the commencement of the oxter row: 
they are similar in all their characters to the teeth upon that row, except in 
being of nearly triple the height. On the vomer, exist ten conical, acute teeth, 
in a straight line; they are of a uniform size. The mandible is armed with a 
compliment of twenty compressed, acute teeth, having a decided inward incli- 
nation, but in a Jess degree than in the palatines; the anterior six teeth are 
much larger than the general series, and are more conical in their shape. 

Color. The head, body and fins are of a uniform purplisk brown, Varying in 
its intensity upon the sides. 

Total length, 11 inches. To anus5}inches. To gill-opening 1} inches. 

Habitat, Vera Cruz. 

A single specimen is in the museum, presented by Dr. Burroughs, and labelled 
as procured at the above locality. 


Norr.—On pages 326 and 327, hujus operis, there are described two Echeosto- 
moids, named respectively—Pecilosoma transversum and Pileoma cymatogramma. 

As the name Pecilosoma, has been changed to Pecilichthys, the name of the 
species will hereafter be 


Pecilichthys transversus, Abbott. 

Syn. Pecilosma transversum, Abbott, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 
p. 326. 

As the genus Percina, Hald. is congeneric with Pileoma, De Kay; and is prior 
to that genus, the species described as Pileoma cymatogramma, Abb. will here- 
after be 


Percina cymatogramma, Abbott. 


Syn. Pileoma cymatogramma, Abbott, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 
p. 327. 


Notr.—On page 365, hujus operis, for the figure 13, given as the number of 
rays of the anal fin, in Astroscopus guttatus, Abb., please substitute the figure 10. 


1360.J 


480 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Report upon the Reptilia of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under 
command of Capt. John Rogers, U.S. N. 


BY EDWARD HALLOWELL, M. D. 
EDITED BY E. D. COPE. 


Nicaragua. 
SAURIANS. 
GECKOTIANS. 
Geckotian Lizards—Lezards Geckotiens D. & B. 
Hemipactytvs Cuv. 
Sect. DacryLoperEs. Peropus Wieg. 
Div. A.—Subdigital lamella entire. 
HEMIDACTYLUS PRESIGNIS nob. 


Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci., Oct. 1856, p. 222. 

Char. Rostral plate bilobed; seven superior labials; mental plate very 
large, the sides excavated, rounded ‘posteriorly ; six plates in a transverse 
row beneath the chin, the two middle ones much smaller than the lateral ; 
tail slender, long; color uniform chocolate-brown above ; abdomen and under 
part of tail whitish. Total length, 6 inches. Tail, 3 inches, 3 lines. 

Found also in Jamaica. 


SPHZRIODACTYLUS Cuv. 
For gen. char. see D. & B., tom. ii. 401. 


SPH#RIODACTYLUS MILLEPUNCTATUS nob. 


Spec. char. Dorsal scales very small, unicarinate; color reddish, with 
numerous small brownish spots; under parts white ; length of head and body, 
11 lines. 

Description. Scales upon muzzle larger than those upon the vertex; those 
upon body remarkable for their small size, being much smaller than those of 
the specimens in the Museum, marked nigropunctatus, from Jamaiva, 
or of Spheriodactylus fantasticus, from Mexico. Abdominal ‘scales 
carinated, very much larger than those upon the throat and chin; color red- | 
dish-brown above, with numerous brown spots, intermingled with very 
minute white points; under parts white. Two specimens. 


IGUANIANS. 
Sauriens Eunotes D. & B. Lezards Iguaniens. 
Anouis D. & B. 
Div. A.— With fingers but slightly dilated. 
ANOLIS REFULGENS Schlegel. 


Draconura nitens Wag]. Dum. & Bib., tom. iv. p. 91. 

This species is very well characterized by the larger row of scales along the 
median line of the back; the granulations upon the sides are much smaller 
than those of the back and abdomen, and there is a larger row of scales upon 
the back of the tail; immediately behind the mental plate are six scales, in 
a transverse row, the four intermediate quite small, the lateral much larger ; 
the occipital scale lies in a well marked depression, the supra-orbitar ridges 
are nearly in contact, and on the front part of the head is a longitudinal 


[Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 481 


ovoid depression, the scales of which are smooth; those upon the snout cari- 
nated, as also the scales upon the abomen; the colors of these specimens are 
much darker than that of another; brownish above, and orange colored 
mingled with yellow beneath; in the other, the general color is golden yel- 
low, lighter beneath, with a tinge of white upon the abdomen. Total length, 
52 inches ; of tail, 2 inches 8 lines. Found alsoin Surinam. (D. & B.) 


ANOLIS LONGICAUDA nob. 


Spec. char. Scales upon the muzzle keeled; eight superior labials; scales 
of abdomen carinated; dorsal scales indistinctly carinated; median rows 
larger; ‘tail very long; color green; gular pouch orange, with two indigo- 
colored lateral stripes, one on each side. Total leagth, 5 inches, 5 lines. 

Description. 44 teeth in the upper jaw; 10 posterior tricuspid; 43 in the 
lower; the 10 or 11 posterior distinctly trilobed; scales upon the muzzle 
keeled; two crests upon the head, prolongations of the superciliary ridges, 
circumscribing laterally a longitudinal depression, broader in front; the 
scales in this depression polygonal, much larger than those upon the muzzle, 
keeled ; eight superior labials; six rows of scales upon the side of the head 
anteriorly, between the superior labials and its upper margin ; auricular open- 
ing moderate; abdominal scales much the largest, keeled ; those upon the sides 
very small, granular; back covered with polygonal scales, indistinctly 
carinated ; several of the median rows larger than the others ; breadth of head 
posteriorly, one-half of its total length; body and extremities slender; tail 
very long and tapering, round at base, more than double the length of head 
and body; color bluish above, probably green during life; lighter upon the 
tail ; abdomen, chin, under part of tail and extremities very light blue ; gular 
pouch orange with two indigo-colored stripes, one on each side. Total 
length 5 inches, 5 lines; of tail, 3 inches, 10 lines. One specimen. 

Gen. remarks. This species is quite different from An. sericeus, a Mexi- 
can species, in which the scales upon the back are granular, and of nearly 
equal size; it is also a stouter animal, and the tail is shorter. Anolis tro- 
pidogaster nob., from New Grenada, is destitute of the two well marked 
erests so characteristic of this species, and the plates lying at the bottom of 
the longitudinal depression between them are much longer than those on the 
corresponding position in tropidogaster; and the shape of this de- 
pression is quite different, being much broader in front, in longicauda. 
In Anolis pulchellus D. & B., the carinations of the scales before the 
back and abdomen are indistinct; whereas, in the present species they are 
well marked ; the tail in the former is but one-third the total length. 


ANOLIS CUPREUS nob. 


Spec. char. Scales upon muzzle carinated ; supraorbital ridges separated 
by several rows of scales; three or four rows of scales intervening between 
each interorbitar ridge and the occipital scale ; six superior labials ; abdominal 
and dorsal scales very distinctly carinated; those upon tail very strongly 
keeled; copper colored above, whitish beneath; throat orange; in some 
specimens a black spot upon the shoulder. Length of head and body 1 inch 
8 lines. 

Description. A small species. Scales upon the muzzle very distinctly cari- 
nated; supraorbitar ridges separated by several rows of scales; three or 
four rows of scales intervening between the supraorbitar ridge and the occipital 
scale; six or seven supraorbitar scales separated from the supraorbitar ridge 
by a single row of granules; three scales carinated, and two of them much 
larger than the others ; six superior labial scales ; six or seven rows of scales 
upon the sides of the head anteriorly above the supraorbitars; auricular 
opening moderate ; scales of the flanks smaller than those upon the back and 
abdomen ; abdominal and dorsal scales very distinctly carinated ; those upon 


1860.] 


482 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


tail very strongly keeled; copper colored above, whitish or yellowish white 
beneath ; throat often orange, and in some specimens a black spot over the 
shoulder. Length of head and body 1 inch 8 lines. Seventeen specimens. 


Daconura Wagler, Wiegmann. 
DACONURA BIVITTATA nob. 


Spec. char. Head covered with polygonal plates of unequal size; color 
brownish above, with two lateral white vitte, bordered with black, one on 
each side, commencing behind the eyes, and extending the whole length of 
the body, as far as the base of the tail; underparts white. Total length 42 
inches ; of tail, 1 inch 4 lines. 

Description. Seven supra labials, nostril in a single scale; plates upon 
front and muzzle unicarinate; superciliary wide, separated by two rows of 
scales, a single row between former and occipital scale ; a single row of scales 
much larger than the rest, commencing at about three lines from the occiput, 
and extending along the median line of the back and tail above; scales upon 
back larger than upon sides; those of the belly very distinctly carinated; a 
gular fold; tympanum quite distinct; no femoral or anal pores; scales upon 
under part of tail strongly carinated; extremities slender ; third and fourth 
fingers of nearly equal length ; fourth toe much the longest ; fingers and toes 
slender, not dilated, inner margin serrated ; fingers and toes 5—5; tail very 
long, slender, tapering to a point. 


Coloration. General color olive above, somewhat darker upon the sides ; 
with two narrow white vitte, bordered with black, one on each side, com- 
mencing behind the eye and extending the whole length of the body, being 
lost upon the base of the tail; extremities indistinctly barred with brown 
above ; under parts whitish. 

Habitat. Nicaragua. A single specimen. 


ScELoporus Weigm. 
SCELOPORUS SCALARIS Weigm. 
Twenty-six specimens (sixteen young). 
TEIDZ. 
CNEMIDOPHORUS. 
CNEMIDOPHORUS DECEMILINEATUS nob. 


Spec. char. Nostriltin the posterior margin of the naso-rostral plate; 
color grey above, with ten white lines, five on each side of the back; eight 
rows of abdominal scales. Total length 74 inches ; tail 43 inches. 

Description. The nostril opens in the posterior edge of the naso-rostral 
plate; five superior labials; a single row of large transverse scales on 
the anterior surface of the forearm; twenty-two femoral pores in the single 
specimen. The ground color above is greyish or olive; in the youngest 
specimens the intermediate space between the four upper white lines, jet 
black, forming three distinct jet black bands on each side; these jet 
black bands are more distinct in the youngest specimens ; in the oldest the 
upper surface is of an uniform olive color, darker upon the sides; the entire 
surface of the abdomen, and the greater part of the under surface of the 
thighs, jet black; anterior part of forearms white spotted; these spots quite 
small, and by no means so distinct or near so large as in C. lemnis¢atus; 
in the younger specimens, presenting the form of vermiculations. 

Dimensions. Length of head 10 lines; of neck and body to vent, 2 inches 
1 line; of tail 43 inches. 

Habitat. Nicaragua. Seventeen specimens. 


[ Oct. 


9 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 488 


Gen. remarks. This species is readily distinguished from C. l1emnis- 
catus, the latter having but nine lines, the middle one of which bifurcates 
toward the occiput, and the sides more or less white spotted. 


CNEMIDOPHORUS QUADRILINEATUS nob. 


Spec. char. Nostril between the ‘naso-rostral and naso-frenal plate; five 
supra-labials ; eight rows of abdominal scales ; color brownish black above ; 
jet black upon the sides, with two very narrow white lines, extending from 
the temples in a line with the posterior margin of the eye, extending as far as 
the posterior extremities ; a single row of broad scales upon the anterior sur- 
surface of the forearms. Total length 3 inches 3 lines, 

Description. The above appears to be one of the smallest of the species of 
Cnemidophorus. It is readily distinguished by its small size, and the pecu- 
liarity of its markings ; in front of the gular fold is a row of four large scales, 
followed by several smaller ones ; the back, between the two inner stripes, is 
vermiculated with black, the sides white spotted; the tail presents a white 
lateral stripe, a continuation of the lower one upon the side; under parts 
bluish, lighter upon the chin. 

Dimensions. Length of head 5 lines; of body to vent 11 lines; length of 
tail 25 inches ; total length 3 inches 4 lines. 

Habitat. Nicaragua. Four specimens. 

Gen. remarks. Cnemidophorus presignis B. g G., from Chagres, said 
also to be common at Para, has ten rows of abdominal plates. 


AmeEIvaA Cuvier. 
AMEIVA PULCHRA nob. 


Spec. char. Nostril between the naso-rostral and naso-frenal plates; a 
group of large scales upon the chin, surrounded by smaller ones; three 
or four large scales in front of the gular fold, surrounded by smaller scales ; 
eight rows of abdominal plates; color olive above, with two lateral stripes of 
brown, one on each side, with numerous transverse rows of black. Total 
length 8} inches. 

Description. This is a beautiful species of Ameiva, presenting distinctly 
the characters of the genus, viz. .—the retractility of the tongue beneath the 
glottis, which distinguishes Ameiva from Cnemidophorus. In a natural 
series, it would take the place of Ameiva Sloanei, which it resembles very 
closely in size, but the neck is not near so narrow as in that species; there is 
but a single row of large transverse scales in front of the forearm ; the granu- 
lations upon the back are distinctly larger than those upon the sides; twenty 
femoral pores ; the color of the head is light brown above, and upon the sides ; 
olive colored or light brown upon the back, with a band of deep brown along 
each side, presenting numerous transverse bars of black ; abdomen bluish, the 
rest of the under surface white, with a tinge of blue; in many of the speci- 
mens a row of white spots extends from the tympanum to the posterior 
extremity, occasionally assuming the form of a very narrow white line; a 
white spot upon the temple, and three or four around the margin of the tym- 
panum. Eighteen specimens. 

Habitat. Nicaragua. 


Scixcipz Ophiophthalmide. 


Among the saurians of the collection from Nicaragua are two small lepido- 
saurians belonging to the subfamily Ophiopthalmide, and which appear to 
belong to a genus not yet described, having four toes to each of the anterior, 
and the same number to each of the posterior extremities. For the dis- 
tinctive characters of the genera already known, see D. et B., tom. v., 
806-831. It may be thus characterized ;—No eyelid ; nostrils lateral, opening 
in a single scale; no supero-nasals; teeth conical, simple; tongue bifid, 


1860.] 


484 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


covered with scales; palate without teeth, with a triangular excavation ; 
auricular openings; four extremities each with four toes; scales smooth, 
neither femoral or preanal pores; palpebral circle, more or less complete. It 
will be observed that these characters are precisely the same as those of the 
genus Ablepharus of Fitzinger, as given by D. & B., except that the number 
of fingers and toes is four instead of five. 


Gen. BLEPHARACTISIS nob. 
BLEPHARACTISIS SPECIOSA nob. 


Spec. char. An internasal, two fronto-nasals, a small frontal, a large inter- 
parietal, two parietals ; color dark olive above, with two dark lateral stripes, 
one on each side; under parts lighter. Total length 13 inches ; of head and 
body 8 lines. 

Habitat. Nicaragua. Two specimens. 


OPHIDIANS. 
SyYNCRANTERID2. 
Leptopuis Bell. 


LEPTOPHIS MARGARITIFERUS D. & B.; tom. vii. p. 539. 
Herpetodryas margaritiferus Schlegel, Essai la Physionomie des Serpens, 
tom. i. p. 151, and tom. ii. p. 184. Two specimens. 


Fam. CALAMARIDE. 
LIonINnIA nob. 


Gen. Char. Frontal stout, hexagonal, somewhat longer than broad; nostrils 
between two plates; no frenal, one preocular, two postoculars; seven superior 
labials, the eye resting on the third and fourth; pupil round; scales smooth, 
quadrangular ; tail quite stout, with bifid scutes. Size that of a Calamarian ; 
palatine as well as mandibular teeth apparently of equal length. 


LIONINIA VERMIFORMIS 20b, 


Spec. char. Color whitish above, with numerous small brown spots formed 
by a series of black spots, occupying each scale; in some specimens a narrow 
black dorsal line, extending from the occiput as far as the extremity of the tail ; 
in others this line is quite indistinct; a spot or blotch upon the occiput, of the 
same color as that of the body; head brown above, lighter upon the snout; 
under parts of animal white. Total length, 5 inches, 1 line; tail 8 lines. Ab. 
scut. 122; a single preanal; subcaud. 26. 

Habitat. Nicaragua; 3 specimens. 

Gen. remarks. In the arrangement of the plates upon the head, this genus 
resembles very closely Streptophorus, but the form of the scales is quite 
different,—which in the latter genus are more or less carinated. It belongs 
to the family of Calamarians, as defined by Dumeril & Bibron, viz.: Body very 
slender, rounded, and about the same thickness from the head to the tail. E. G. 
tome vii. p. 48. It differs, however, from each of the nine genera of which 
that family is composed. In Calamaria and Rhabdosoma, the nostrils open in 
asingle scale, as well as in Rabdion, Homalosoma and Carphophis. In Elapoidis, 
the scales are carinated. In Aspidura, the urostega are in a single row. 


STENOCEPHALIDH. (Serpens Opistoglyphes) D. ¢ B. 
Gen. Contopuanes Hallowell. 


Char. Head very much flattened, pupil round, supraciliaries not projecting ; 
nostril in a single plate; a postnasal about twice as high asit is long; a 
somewhat quadrangular frenal; one antocular, two postoculars; a single 


[ Oct: 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 485 


anterior temporal; two internasals; two prefrontals, much longer than the 
internasals; a frontal longer than broad, occipitals large. Head somewhat 
broader than neck, posteriorly ; scales smooth, lanceolate, 19 or 21 rows; nearly 
quadrangular upon the tail; anal and subcaudal scutes bifid; abdomen slightly 
angular; tail long and tapering; posterior tooth much longer than the rest 
and distinctly channelled; the teeth in the upper jaw increase in length as 
they recede backward. 
CoNIOPHANES FISSIDENS nob. 


Spec. char. 19 rows of smooth scales near the middle; color brownish, 
approaching to violet, with two somewhat indistinct lateral stripes, and a 
median dark colored one upon the back; abdomen whitish, with a row of 
minute black points on each side and upon the tail; a narrow white vitta, 
commencing on the first labial, passes beneath the eye along the temples, and 
is lost upon the sides of the neck; another, shorter upon the back, commencing 
at the occiput. Total length 8 inches; of tail 74 inches; circumference 1 inch. 

Habitat. Nicaragua. One specimen. 


OXYCEPHALIDE. 
DRYoOPHIS AENEUS. One specimen. 
Conocerqugs. (Serpens Proteroglyphes.) 


Ears Schn. 
ELAPS MELANOCEPHALUS nob. 


Spec. char. Entire head, chin and throat black; 16 black rings upon the 
body, margined with white; 4 distinct rings upon tail; inter-spaces between 
black rings spotted with black; 200 abdom. scuta; a double preanal; 52 
subcaudal; 15 rows of scales. 

Habitat. Nicaragua. One specimen. 


BATRACHIA ANOURA. 
RANIDz. 


CYSTIGNATHUS MELANONOTUS nob. 


Spec. char. Color black above, black spotted; a black subround spot 
between the eyes; under parts white, minutely mottled and spotted with 
brown ; body and extremities slender. 

Description. Head of moderate size, eyes not remarkably prominent, tympanum 
well developed, tongue obcordate, not notched posteriorly ; palatine teeth in 
two transverse rows; the anterior margin on a line with the posterior margin 
of the posterior nares; color as stated in the specific character. 

Dimensions. Length of head 4 lines; greatest breadth 3; length of head and 
body 9 lines; length of anterior extremities 6 lines; of posterior, 1 inch ; of 
thigh 3 lines; of leg 4; of tarsus 2 lines; of foot to extremity of longest toe 
4} lines. 

Habitat. Nicaragua. One specimen; perhaps the young of a larger animal. 


Hy.ipz. 
Hyba GRISEA nob. 


Spec. char. Skin smooth, tongue obcordate, notched posteriorly, palatine 
teeth in two fasciculi behind the posterior nares; color light grey, a brown 
above, with darker maculations; length 14 inches. 

Description. Head triangular; snout somewhat acute; nostrils two lines 
apart; tongue obcordate, slightly notched posteriorly; extremities slender ; 
toes palmate at their base, the webs reaching to the proximal extremity of the 
second phalanx, tympanum of moderate size, eyes slightly prominent. Color 
grey or brownish above, with a transverse bar of darker grey between the 


1860.] 


486 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


eyes; behind this a blotch with irregular margins, resembling the letter W; 
there are also upon the back irregular blotches of a darker grey than the 
surrounding surface; thighs mottled posteriorly with black and white, varied 
with grey in front; legs and tarsi with transverse bars of grey, also arms and 
forearms; under parts white. 

Dimensions. Wength of head § lines; greatest breadth 6; length of head 
and body 1 inch, 8 lines; length of anterior extremities 1 inch; of posterior, 
3 inches; of thigh 8 lines; of leg 11; of foot to extremity of longest toe 11. 


BuFonipé. 
BouFro MELANOGASTER nob. 


Spee. char. Supra-orbitar ridges slightly developed; internal nares of 
moderate size; tongue elongate, cordiform, rounded posteriorly ; free for rather 
more than half of its length posteriorly; color grey with a longitudinal row 
of subround black spots on either side of the median line; extremities varied 
with black; under parts yellow marbled with black; length 1 inch, 1 line; of 
posterior extremities 1 inch, 3 lines; of anterior, 8 lines. 

Habitat. Nicaragua, One specimen. 

Gen. remarks. Most probably the young of a larger animal. 


California. 
SAURIANS. 


Icuaniens Pleurodontes D. & B. 


SCELOPORUS BISERIATUS nob. 
One specimen. 
BATRACHIANS. 


Urodela Alretoderes D. & B. 
ANAIDEs LuGUBRIS Baird. Six specimens—three adult, three young. 


The lateral yellow spots are much more distinct in these specimens than in 
others in our collection. They are of a bright chrome yellow color, and 
irregularly disposed. In the young specimens, these spots are indistinct. 


TARICHA ToROSUS Grans. One specimen, taken near Valiejo, California, 
Nov., 1855, by Mr. Wright. 


BATRACHOSEPS ATTENUATUS Gray. Hight specimens—six adult, two young. 
Oceania. 
CHELONIANS. 


CHELONIA MyDAS (young). Seven specimens. In five of these the nuchal 
plate is bifid. 
Habitat. Bonin Islands. 


SAURIANS. 
VARANIDE. 


VaRAnus Bivittatus D. & B. 
One specimen. 
Habitat. Gaspar Straits. 


Serncomp1ans ou Sauriens Lepidosaures D. § B. 
Evpreris Wagler. 
EUPREPIS CONCOLOR nob. 


Spec. char. Nasal plate rounded posteriorly, anterior margin curvilinear; 


[ Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. A487 


supero-nasals rather slender, contiguous; internasal lozenge-shaped; two 
fronto-nasals in contact; a frontal long with an acute angle anteriorly, its 
lateral margins nearly straight; two fronto-parietals rather long; an inter- 
parietal, two parietals; a small freno-nasal, two frenals, the anterior smaller 
than the posterior and nearly quadrangular in shape; two freno-orbitars ; 
seven superior labials, inferior eyelid scaly; preanal scales unequal, the two 
middle oblong; scales of neck strongly tricarinate: color uniform brown 
above, white below. Length 7 inches, 8 lines; of tail 4 inches, 5 lines; of 
head 10 lines. 

Habitat. Gaspar Straits. One specimen. 

Gen. remarks. Dumeril & Bibron describe thirteen species of Euprepis, of 
which but two have the inferior eyelid destitute of a transparent disk, viz.: 
E.Sebe and H. Ernesti. From both of these the species above described 
differs remarkably. It the latter the supranasals are not contiguous; in the 
former the caring upon the scales are indistinct; it is also a larger animal. 
The specimen above described was taken on South Brother Island, Gaspar 
Straits, by Mr. Squires, of the U.S. steamer T. Hancock. Itis common. The 
Malay name is Kedal. 


ABLEPHARUS. | 
ABLEPHARUS NIGROPUNCTATUS nob. 


Spec. char. Internasal four-sided; the sides nearly equal; the posterior angle 
rounded; but much more acute than in A. Peronii; the fronto-parietals 
quadrilateral; no inter-parietal; two parietals, no naso-frenal; two freno- 
orbitars ; seven superior labials; six preanal scales, the two middle the largest. 
Color greenish olive above, marked all over with black spots, the spots on the 
sides agglomerated so as to form a black band extending from the posterior 
margin of the eye as faras the posterior extremities ; extremities and tail black 
spotted, the black spots smaller and most distinct upon the under part of 
the tail; chin black spotted; abdomen, as well as ground color of chin and 
under part of tail and extremities, light green. 

Dimensions, Length of head 4 lines; greatest breadth 24; length of body 
1 inch, 3 lines; of tail 8 lines. 

Habitat. BoninIslands. Onespecimen. Taken Oct., 1854, by Capt. Rodgers. 


ABLEPHARUS PERONII D. & B. Tom. v. p. 814. Three specimens. 
Habitat. Tahiti. 


LyGosoma. 


LyGosoMA VERTEBRALE nob. 


Spec. char. Lower eyelid transparent; two fronto-parietals; nasal plates 
quite separate; internasal five-sided; fronto-nasal not contiguous; two 
fronto-parietals; one inter-parietal; two parietals; frontal long, acutely 
angular posteriorly, obtusely so in front. Color: Head brown, mottled with 
darker brown upon the sides; alight colored stripe extending from the occiput 
as far as the root of the tail; on either side a row of dark brown blotches 
with minute intervening spots; a broad dark brown colored band on each 
side, extending from the temple along the side, about half-way down the tail ; 
above this band, the ground color lighter, resembling that of the vertebral band ; 
upper part of tail yellowish, minutely spotted with brown; abdomen white 
with a tinge of blue; chin, throat and under part of tail yellowish, brown 
spotted. 

Dimensions. Length of head 4 lines; greatest breadth 2; length of body to 
vent 1 inch, 2 lines; of tail 11 lines. Total length 2 inches, 4 lines. 

Habitat. Sandwich Islands. 

Gen. remarks. A new and interesting addition to the species, not very 
numerous, of the genus Lygosoma. 


1860] 


488 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


OPHIDIA. 
Sub. ord. Opisthoglyphes. 
Gen. MreGALops nob. 


Gen. char. Mandibular teeth, increasing in length posteriorly, recurved, 
nearly straight; two internasals much smaller than the prefrontals; frontal a 
little longer than broad, pentangular; a frenal; two antoculars, two post- 
oculars; eye resting on the fourth supra-labial; pupil ovoid; eyes very 
prominent; body slender, much compressed; abdomen angular; tail rather 
short. 

MEGALOPS MACULATUS nob. 


Spec. char. Twenty-one rows of smooth scales; body presenting numerous 
sub-quadrangular and oblique blotches above, of a brown color; intermediate 
spaces white with a tinge of yellow; under surface white. 

Abdom. scuta 170. A bifid preanal; 61 subcaudal scutelle. 

Dimensions. Wength of head, neck and body | foot, 2 inches, 10 lines; length 
of tail 32 inches. : 

Habitat. Tahiti. One specimen, collected by Mr. Adams. 

Gen. remarks. The posterior teeth in the upper jaw have been destroyed in 
the specimen, so that it is impossible to determine the family to which it 
belongs; most probably of the order Opisthoglyphes; the head is otherwise 
much injured. A small and not very prepossessing looking serpent. 


Sub. ord. Serp. Aglyphodontes ou Azemiophides, D. § B. 
Gen. AEPIDEA nob. 


Char. Head long and narrow, broader posteriorly, almost truncate in front ; 
teeth smooth recurved, the anterior, both in the upper and lower jaw, longer 
than the posterior; the same is the case with the palatines, equally spaced ; 
nine plates upon the top of the head, the prefrontals remarkable for their large 
size; frontal longer than broad; two large occipitals; body very long, mueh 
thicker in the middle, compressed, with smooth scales, broader and shorter upon 
the back than upon the sides; abdomen angular; tail about one-third the 
length of head and body; urostega bifid; preanal scute bifid. 


AEPIDEA ROBUSTA nob. 


Description. The teeth are strong, sharp-pointed, much inclined backward, 
the eyes are of moderate size, the pupil round; the rostral plate is triangular 
in shape, broader than high, the internasals of moderate size, the prefrontals 
very large, and more or less rhomboidal in shape; the frontal quite broad 
anteriorly, its latero-superior angles bevelled, presenting an obtuse angle 
posteriorly; the supra-oculars long, of moderate breadth behind; the occipitals 
much longer than broad; nostrils between two plates, large; the posterior the 
larger of the two; the frenal is remarkable for its great length and unusual 
position ; its upper margin is curved, terminating in a point posteriorly, about 
one-half of it passing below the antocular; there are ten superior labials ; the 
eye resting on the sixth and seventh; the seventh is larger and of quite a 
different shape from the others, its posterior portion being prolonged upward 
and backward to meet the inferior postocular; the antocular is remarkable for 
its very large size; it is more or less rhomboidal in shape, in contact in front 
with the prefrontal, above with the frontal and supra-ocular, below by the 
greater part of its extent with the frenal, and with the fifth and sixth supra- 
labials; of the two postoculars the superior is somewhat larger than the 
inferior; the anterior genials are much larger than the posterior; the neck is 
long and slender, the body much thicker, compressed en toit; scales smooth, 
those upon the sides lanceolate, the four or five rows upon the back larger; 
abdomen very angular; tail of moderate length, scales hexagonal; the two 


[Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 489 


middle dorsal rows larger than the others; twenty-three rows of scales upon 
the middle of the body, eight near the origin of the tail. Color olive in spirits, 
probably green during life; abdomen and under part of tail green. 

Dimensions. Length of head 13 lines; breadth posteriorly 6; length of back 
and body 2 feet, 9 inches; of tail 12 inches, 8 lines. Total length 43 feet; 
circumference of body at middle 2 inches. Ab. scut. 236; 1 bifid preanal; 
146 urostega. 

Habitat. Gaspar Straits. One specimen. 


Proteroglyphes—Platycerques D. § B. 

PLatuRus FasciaTus Latreille. One fine specimen. Black bands complete ; 
larger considerably upon the back than abdomen; a white spot on each side of 
the occipitals. Aricamote of the Tahitians. Captured in Bananas Bay, Tahiti, 
March 19th, 1855. Presented by Mr. Adams, of Papété. Total length 2 feet, 7 
inches; of tail 8 inches; circumference 2 inches, 8 lines. 


PLATURUS FASCIATUS Var. 


Char. Snout black ; extremity of tail black ; forty complete black bands upon 
the body; besides three incomplete upon the neck; six complete black bands 
upon the tail; three and a-half rows of scales in black bands upon the back, 
and one and a-half in the white interspace. Total length 1 foot, 9} inches, The 
largest specimen measures 3 feet, 9 inches in length and 6 inches in circumference. 
The tail measures 43 inches in length by 14 inches in height at its base. The 
coloration corresponds with that of the plate of Hydrophis colubrina, in 
the Fauna Japonica. The abdomen, chin and throat are ochraceous throughout, 
the bands having disappeared entirely from the belly; 23 rows of scales near 
the middle of the body ; chin and throat covered with scales; ab. scuta. 198, 
of which the 4 last are bifid; 32 bifid urostega. Besides the above there are 
two other specimens, from Cleopatra Island, more fully grown, one completely 
adult, (Hydrophis colubrina Schlegel’s Fauna Japonica, tab. 10). The only 
difference which I observe between the latter and Prof. Schlegel’s specimen, is 
that the scales in the latter do not appear to be quite so broad. The markings 
in the two specimens before us are quite different from those of the younger 
ones, in which the black and white bands are very distinct and complete, 
encircling the whole body ; but in the one which may be nearly half grown, they 
are so only upon the tail and the posterior part of the body, the abdomen being 
of a dull, ochraceous yellow in the greater part of its extent, as well as the neck 
end throat, somewhat deeper brown opposite the bands; the length of this 
specimen is 2 feet, 94 inches; circumference 3 inches, 3 lines; the extremity 
of the tail is black ; 6 complete bands upon the tail. 

Two other specimens of this variety are in the collection, from Loo-Choo, 
younger than either of the others, In the smaller, which measures 1 foot, 2 
inches in length, and 8 lines only in circumference, the black rings are of nearly 
equal length upon the back and abdomen, being very closely approximated in 
the latter position; the very tip of the tail in the smallest specimen is white. 
The specimen marked 243, taken by Capt. Stevens, at Cleopatra Island (north 
of Ousima), May, 1855. 


Petamis Daudin. 


PELAMIS BICOLOR Daudin. One specimen. 
Habitat. Tahiti. 
New Holland. 


SAURIA. 
LEPIDOSAURIAN or Scincoid Lizards. 
Saurophthalmes D. & B. 


LyGosoma Gray. 
Lygosoma GuIcHENOTI D. & B. 


1860.] 


490 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Habitat. Sidney. One specimen. 


LyGosomMA TzNIOLATUM D. & B. 
Syn. Lacerta teniolata Shaw, Gen. Zool. tom. 3, p. 239. 


Spec. char. Eyelid scaly, two fronto-parietals; nasals in contact; fronto- 
nasals separate ; ground color of back and upper part of tail yellowish-brown, 
with a longitudinal band of black along the middle line of the back, commencing 
at the occiput, and lost upon the tail, bordered with white; a black lateral 
band on each side, commencing at the nostrils, between which and the eye it is 
narrow, and passing along the temples and sides of the body, as far as the origin 
of the tail, where it is continuous with a very narrow black band extending 
about an inch upon the tail. 


BATRACHIA. 
Hynipz. 


Hyia cyanea Daud. Onespecimen. Sidney (young). Taken Dec., 1853. 


Loo-Choo. 
SAURIA. 
Savriens Evnores D. & B. 
Sub. fam. Jguaniens Acrodontes. 
Gen. DipLopERMA nob. 


Gen. char. Head pyramido-triangular, covered with polygonal carinated 
scales, of unequal size; nostrils lateral in a large plate near its upper border ; 
a small nuchal crest; no external ear openings; body covered with strongly 
carinated scales, many of which are quite large; those upon the anterior and 
lateral parts of the body quite small; tail long and slender, cyclo-tetragonal 
at base, covered with carinated scales, not verticillate; no femoral or anal 
pores; body slender, compressed; extremities slender, fingers and toes 5—5; 
tongue slender, adhereat, notched posteriorly ; 40 teeth in the upper jaw ; five 
small incisors, two canines on each side, the second more robust and slightly 
longer than the first; the remaining teeth tricuspid, with obtuse summits, the 
five first smaller than the others ; 34 lower, two canines of about equal length 
The teeth, with the exception of the laniaries and intermaxillaries, are all very 
closely in contact, inclining inward, and firmly imbedded in the jaw, and not 
along its border; no palatine teeth. 


DiPLODERMA POLYGONATUM nob, 


Description. A longitudinal row of carinated scales upon the snout behind 
the nostril ; frontal region depressed ; supraciliary ridges low, separated from 
each other by two rows of small scales, and communicating with the longi- 
tudinal ridge above mentioned by two or three scales on each side; supra- 
ocular regions conyex ; no well marked occipital scale ; seven superior labials ; 
a nuchal, not elevated crest ; no transverse gular fold; neck slightly folded ; 
body slender, covered with carinated scales, some of which, here and there 
interspersed, are much larger than the others; the axilla, and that part of 
the body immediately within the arm and above it, covered with very small 
scales; this patch of small scales contrasting strongly with the larger scales 
upon the back and sides; chin and throat covered with strongly carinated 
scales ; scales of abdomen triangular, strongly unicarinate, the carina extend- 
ing the whole length of the scale; upper surface of arms and extremities 
covered with strongly carinated scales; those on the inner and anterior sur- 
face of the arm smaller than those upon the corresponding surface of the 
forearm ; posterior extremities covered with strongly carinated scales; third 


[ Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 491 


and fourth fingers of nearly equal length; fourth toe the longest; margins of 
fingers and toes serrated, the under surface protected with transverse scales : 
soles of feet covered with strongly carinated scales, ending in a spine: palms 
covered with very small scales. 

Color. Uniform greenish-olive above, somewhat deeper upon the back, 
much lighter beneath, with a marked tinge of yellow; eight dark colored 
bands upon the tail. 

Dimensions. Length of head 9 lines; greatest breadth 5 lines ; length of 
body 14 inches ; tail 53 inches; total length 7 inches 9 lines. 

Habitat. Amakarima Island. One specimen. 

Gen. remarks. lLyriocephalus, Otocryptus, Ceratophorus, and Phryno- 
cephalus are Iguanian Acrodont saurians, with ears concealed beneath the 
integument; but Diploderma differs from each of these. Lyriocephalus has 
the snout surmounted by a rounded protuberance; the dentition of Oto- 
eryptus is altogether different, and in Ceratophorus, as its name indicates, the 
snout is prolonged into a sort of horn. See D. & B. tom. v. p. 433. The 
head of Phrynocephalus is nearly circular; the tail is much shorter, and the 
body is covered all over with minute scales, being quite a different animal in 
its general appearance. 


Orocryptis Weig. 


Among the saurians in the Loo-Choo collection is a very small Acrodont 
Iguanian, no doubt a young animal, which appears to belong to a genus very 
near if not identical with the Otocryptus of Weigmann. The form of the head, 
however, is different from that of Otocryptus, as described by Dumeril & 
Bibron, and the number of molar teeth is less, viz. :—eight instead of twelve. 
The specimen, small as it is, is much mutilated, and otherwise injured, but 
the following characters can be distinctly made out. 

Gen. char. Head rounded, and high posteriorly, the anterior slope 
more gradual than the posterior, the front and vertex being nearly on 
a line; snout covered with polygonal scales; supraorbitar ridges dis- 
tinct ; eyelids covered with carinated scales of nearly equal size; occiput 
covered with polygonal scales, partly smooth, partly carinate; temples 
covered with carinated scales; eyelids covered with small scales. The in- 
cisor teeth on each side separate, a conical canine, and eight tricuspid, the 
first three the smallest, the last two the largest; the same number in the 
lower jaw; ears concealed by the integument; body covered with scales 
arranged in transverse rows ; five fingers without serratures, the fourth finger 
a little the longest, all armed with recurved nails; tail slender. 

Dimensions. Length of head 4 lines; of neck and body 63 lines; of tail 
(mutilated) 10 lines ; length of anterior extremities 6 lines; of posterior 

Habitat. Loo-Choo. One specimen. Caught Nov. 1854, by McKnight. 

Gen. remarks. But one species of Otocryptus is described by Dumeril & 
Bibron, viz.:—O. bivittata Weig., the habitat of which is unknown. 


GECKOTIDA. 


Lezards Geckotiens, ou Sauriens Ascalabotes D. & B. 
Gen. HrMmIDACTYLUS. 
Sect. Dacryroretes D. & B. 
Sub. div. A.—Dact. fissipedes. 
HEMIDACTYLUS MARMORATUS nob. 


Spec. char. Mental plate pentangular, small; behind these several series 
of unequal scales, larger than those upon the throat ; a transverse row of 
plates immediately behind the mental and first infra-labials ; the two middle 
much larger than the lateral ones ; eleven supra-labials on each side ; ventral 


1860.] 


492 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


plate pentangular, much broader than high, presenting an angle posteriorly ; 
scales upon the muzzle and in front of the orbits, nearly equal, small; head 
covered with small granulations ; five rows of very small circular tubercles 
on each side of the back above; a row of seven pores in front of the anus; 
color greyish, marked all over with black; abdomen white; chin and throat 
white, marked with brown. 

Dimensions. Length of head 7 lines; greatest breadth 4} lines; length of 
head and body 1 inch 8 lines. 

Habitat. Loo-Choo. One specimen. 


HEMIDACTYLUS INORNATUS nob. 


Spec. char. Mental plate triangular, large; but two plates immediately 
behind the mental, large and quadrangular; immediately behind them two 
others, smaller, and also more or less quadrangular; rostral plate broader 
than high, not presenting an acute angle posteriorly ; the plates behind it 
rather small, with one intermediate, eleven supra-labials, the last six the 
smallest ; but two rows of circular tubercles on either side of the median line ; 
no tubercles upon the head; scales small, and for the most part equal; color 
uniform drab above, with a few dark colored maculations ; under parts white. 

Dimensions. Length of head six lines ; greatest breadth four lines ; length of 
body 1 inch 3 lines ; of tail 

Habitat. Loo-Choo. One specimen. Caught in a shed, Noy. 1854, (W.S.) 

Gen. remarks. This species is readily distinguished from the preceding 
by the different shape and size of the mental plate, and arrangement of the 
scales posterior to it, and the presence of pores in front of the anus. 


Scincipz. 
Puiestiopon D. & B. 
PLESTIODON MARGINATUS nob. 


Spec. char. Rostral plate comparatively high; internasal presenting 
an obtuse and rounded angle posteriorly ; fronto-nasal not in contact, being 
separated by a considerable interval; frontal plate heptagonal, more or less 
truncate anteriorly ; seven superior labials; olive colored above, with a tinge 
of red upon the head, and a broad, brickdust colored stripe, commencing upon 
the temples, and extending along the sides of the neck, and the body, as far 
the root of the tail; under parts silvery white. Twenty-five rows of scales ; 
five in front of the tail. 

Dimensions. Length of head 11} lines; greatest breadth 8 lines ; length of 
body 2 inches 8 lines ; of tail 2 inches 9 lines ; of anterior extremities 11 lines ; 
of posterior 15 lines. 

Habitat. Ousima, Japan, and Loo-Choo Islands. 

Gen. remarks. The specimen from Loo-Choo is much smaller, and evidently 
the young of the same species. The lateral stripe of brown is bordered with 
obscure white, and there is a vitta of the same color running along the middle 
of the back. This species, with the exception of the lateral band bears a 
striking resemblance to Plestiodon laticeps of the Southern U. 8., but the 
red upon the head is not near so deep, and the shape of the rostral and 
frontal plates is quite different, and the fronto-nasals are closely in contact. 
The smaller specimen, caught April, 1855, by Mr. Stimpson. The larger, 
May, of the same year. 

OPHIDIA. 


CROTALIANS. 


BotTHROPS FLAVOVIRIDIS nob. 


Description. The head is large, triangular in shape, covered above and below 
with smecth geales, in this respect differing from typical Bothrops, in which 


[Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 493 


the scales upon the top of the head are carinate: eight superior labials; 
third and fourth the largest ; seven temporals ; the two anterior, of which the 
superior is the larger, separated from the orbit by a row of small scales; the 
plates over the eyes are of moderate size, single; the rostral plate is broader 
than high; the head is much larger pcsteriorly than in front, where it 
is somewhat truncate; neck much contracted; body rather slender, 
presenting near the middle twenty-seven rows of lanceolate carinate 
scales, the carine extending the whole length of the scale, and the 
rows running very obliquely ; besides these carinated scales there are two 
other inferior rows, running very obliquely, which are smooth, the total num- 
ber of rows of scales being thirty-one ; the scales upon the tail are much broader 
than those upon the back; the ground color of the head above is ochraceous 
yellow, presenting numerous dark colored lmes, probably green during life ; 
a narrow vitta of the same color extends from behind the eye to the posterior 
and external angle of the head, a short distance above the commissure of the 
jaw ; a bar, broader than the rest, is seen on each side of the inner aspect of 
the occiput, bending inward, and extending for a space of two and a half 
inches along the side of the neck; the jaws and throat are yellow (straw 
colored), as well as the abdomen; the under part of the tail is also yellow, but 
presents a number of bluish colored macule on each side; the ground color 
of the bedy above is dirty yellow, with longitudinal dark colored interrupted 
bars on each side ofthe median line, with intervening spaces of yellow; upon 
the tail the dark colored portions present the form of double triangles, united 
at their bases, upon the median line, with a subround yellow spot in the 
centre, and having upon their sides triangular interspaces of yellow ; eighty-one 
urostega; ab. scuta sixty-one. The specimen being much mutilated, it is 
difficult to ascertain with precision its total length. 
Habitat. Amakarima Island (one of the Loo-Choo group.) 


PROTEROGLYPHES, 
PLATURUS FASCIATUS. 
One specimen, young, captured at Nara, Loo-choo, June, 1853, by W. Heine... 


AGLYPHODONTES. 


Gen. EvrypPHouis nob. 


Char. Scales and plates of the head polished, the plates of the head espe- 
cially ; eyes lateral, projecting ; pupilround; body slender; tail short, with 
bifid scutella ; nine plates upon the top of the head; the internasal small; the 
prefrontals large, the frontal larger than broad, pentagonal; nostril between 
two plates; a rather narrow frenal; one preocular; two postoculars; eight 
supra-labials ; the eye resting on the fourth and fifth ; scales hexagonal, semi- 
carinate upon the back. 


EvRYPHOLIS SEMICARINATUS nob. 


Spee. char. Uniform green above, white beneath; total length 1 foot 7% 
inches ; of tail 4 inches 5 lines; 189 sb. scut.; 1 bifid pre-anal; 77 sub. caud. 

Description. This serpent has very much the general appearance of a 
Leptophis, but the tail is shorter; the scales upon the back are strictly hexa- 
gonal, those upon the sides have their posterior margins somewhat rounded ; 
the three inferior rows on each side are smooth ; of the plates upon the head, 
the posterior nasal is larger than the anterior; the frenal longer than high, 
resting upon the supralabials; the superior postocular larger than the in- 
ferior ; three temporal plates; one in front immediately behind the post- 
oculars and between the seventh supralabial and the occipitals, the other 
two, one above and the other behind these, between the occipital and the 
eighth supralabial plate; the frontal presents an acute angle posteriorly ; the 
occipitals, of moderate size, pentangular; the neck is of nearly the same 


1860.] 34 


494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


thickness as the posterior part of the head ; the scales upon the tail, with the 
exception of the inferior row on each side, which is smooth, are also semi- 
carinate ; fifteen rows of scales upon the middle of the body ; sixteen upon the 
neck (scales more narrow) ; eight at the origin of the tail. 

Dimensions. Length of head 6 lines; breadth 4 lines; circumference of 
body at middle 14 lines. 

Habitat. Loo-Choo. Caught by Mr. Wright, near Napa, Nov. 1854. Two 
specimens. Another from Japan. 

In the collection are no turtles from the Loo-Choo Islands. 


BATRACHIA. 
Urodela. 
Fam. ATRETODERES. 
Gen. Trrron Laurenti. 
TRITON SUBCRISTATUS Schlegel. 


Syn. Salam. subcristata Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, p. 123, pl. iv. fig. 3. 

Cynops subcristatus Tschudi, Class. der Batrachier, p. 94, pl. 2. 

Cynops pyrrogaster Gray, Cat. Brit. Mus. p. 25, No. 1. 

Spec. char. Head flattened; skin granular; back above, in some speci- 
mens, presenting scattered yellow spots upon the back and sides; abdomen 
orange, with numerous black spots, resembling those of Tritoncristatus ; 
chin and throat orange; black spotted; under part of tail orange: tail long, 
much compressed. 

Dimensions. Length of head six lines ; greatest breadth 6 lines; length of 
neck and body 1 inch 9 lines ; of tail 2 inches 8} lines ; total length 4 inches 
113 lines. 

Habitat. Specimens marked No. 5, found in the Paddyfields at the 
Amakarima Isle, Loo-Choo, April, 1855, by Mr. Squires and Mr. Macomb. 
Other specimens, marked 53 in the Catalogue, from Ralousima. Those from 
this place, the northern half of Ousima proper, are yellow beneath, without 
the large black spots upon the abdomen. 

Gen. remarks. This species resembles much Triton cristatus of Europe, 
but wants the white, minute points upon the sides and chin, and the tail is 
much longer. According to Prof. Schlegel, the osteology of the head is also 
different, and the number of vertebre less, there being sixteen in Triton 
cristatus, and but fourteen in the present species. We have compared 
these specimens with one from Japan, due to the generosity of the Adminis- 
tration of the Garden of Plants, and find no difference except that the black 
spots upon the abdomen are not so numerous in the Japanese specimen, and 
the tail is shorter and less compressed at its root. The coloration above, in 
the Japanese specimen, is brown; in those from Amakarima Island, a deep 
black. We had proposed for this dark colored Triton, with its narrow and 
much compressed tail, the name ensicauda, but, without a greater number 
of specimens for comparison, we are unwilling, at present, to consider it a dis- 
tinct species. 


Anoura. 
HyLiz. 

HynA CYANEA Daudin (young). One specimen. 
RANIDZ. 


RANA RUGOSA (young). Two specimens. Taken at Loo-Choo, April, 1855, 
by Mr. Stimpson. 


(Oct. 


He 
les) 
qr 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, 


Japan. 


No turtles were collected at Japan, and it is to be regretted that we have 
no specimen of the Megalobatrachus among the Batrachians. For a fine figure 
of the latter, see the Fauna Japonica, and for the plates of Trionyx and Emys, 
the Abbildungen of Prof. Schlegel. 


SAURIANS. 
AUTOSAURIANS. 
Sub. Fam. Autosaures celodontes D. & B, 
LEIODACTYLES. 
Gen. TacHypromus Daud. 


TACHYDROMUS sExLinEATus D. & B. Five specimens. 

The ground color of four of these specimens above, is uniform brown, inter- 
spersed with small black spots; in the remaining one, green, the superior 
lateral vitta bordered inferiorly with black. During life, dark coppery brown ; 
below white, like white lead. W.S. 

Habitat. - Simoda, Japan, Island of Niphon, May, 1855. Common among 
grass in lowlands. W. 8. 


TacHypRomuS sJApPonicus D. & B. Three specimens. 
Erpet. Gen. tom. vy. p. 161. 
Habitat. Ousima, Japan. Caught May, 1855, by Mr. Stimpson. 


Scrxcipz. 
Piestiopon D. & B. 


There is, in the collection of Com. Rodgers, but one specimen of five-lined 
Plestiodon, which, both by Prof. Schlegel and Dumeril & Bibron, have been 
considered identical with the Plestiodon quinguelineatus of the U.S. 
Prof. Schlegel states that he had before him two complete suites of the North 
American and Japanese species, composed each of thirty individuals of all 
ages, the one collected at Japan, by MM. de Siebold and Biirger, the other by 
Prof. Trout, upon the banks of the Tennessee river. The examination of this 
large number of specimens proved to him that there existed not the slightest 
difference between these individuals, brought from points of the globe so distant 
the one from the other, although situated under nearly the same parallel, 
(Fauna Japonica, Reptilia, p. 99.) 

Dumeril & Bibron say, that having examined two of the Japanese speci- 
mens, the North American species exists also in Japan. (HErpet, Gen. tom. v. 
p. 710.) The most striking difference that we observe in the single speci- 
men before us, consists in the presence in the one from Japan, of a plate 
above the anterior frenal, which is wanting in all the others ; this doubling 
may be, and probably is, an accident, and an abnormal division of the anterior 
frontal plate. There are, also, but twenty-four rows of scales in the Japanese 
specimen. The coloration of the specimens from these different localities 
is very much alike, except that the vertebral line does not bifurcate 
upon the head in that from Japan. The fronto-nasals are not in contact, 
but in some of the North American specimens this is the case, in others 
not. We have always doubted, notwithstanding the high authority of 
the authors quoted, the absolute identity of species so remote. Since 
the above was written, another specimen has been placed in our hands, 
in which there ‘is no naso-frenal, only two frenals, an anterior and a poste- 
rior, and there is a difference in the number of rows of scales, there being 
twenty-seven in the Japanese, and thirty-two in the North American. Ina 
specimen from South Carolina, presented by Dr. Blanding to the Academy, 
there are thirty-two rews; in one from the Loo-Choo Islands, by Dr. Joseph 


1860.] 


496 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Wilson, U.S. N., but twenty-four. The scales upon the back, in the Loo- 
Choo specimen, are broader than those in the one from South Carolina. The 
fronto-nasal and fronto-parietal much smaller in the Loo-Choo specimen, the 
former less than half the size; in the latter the frenal is more high and 
narrow; in the one from South Carolina, there is a naso-frenal, a plate 
which does not exist in the specimen from Loo-choo. In the large North 
American specimens in the Green collection, we count twenty-nine and thirty 
rows of scales: both these have a naso-frenal in front of the anterior frenal. 
In a specimen from Arkansas, presented by Mr. Pitcher, we find twenty-nine 
rows of scales, and no naso-frenal, a near approach to the Japan; but the 
scales upon the back are evidently less broad. In another specimen from 
South Carolina, presented by Prof. Leidy, we find thirty-two rows, with a 
naso-frenal; scales of the back high. In another from South Carolina, pre- 
sented by Mr. Reid, we find twenty-nine and thirty rows. In the specimen 
from Japan, which is young, the ground color between the stripes is jet 
black; in those from Loo-Choo, which are more mature, the color above is 
olive, with a dark colored lateral band on each side, between the lateral 
stripe; the most constant difference determined by the above comparisons, 
therefore, would appear to be the less number of rows of scales in the 
Japanese, thegreater breadth of the dorsal rows, and the absence of the naso- 
frenal plate. We have had, however, but three Asiatic specimens for observa- 
tion, but would suggest whether they be not really distinct species from the 
North American, although resembling each other so much in color; and in case 
future observation should decide this to be the case, would propose for the 
Japanese species the name PLESTIODON LATISCUTATUS. 


Gen. Lygosaurvs nob. 


Char. Nostril in a single plate; neither supero-nasal, nor naso-frenal; two 
fronto-nasals ; an interparieto-fronto parietal; two parietals; a first and second 
frenal; two freno-orbitars; six superior labials; body covered with hexagonal 
scales, tricarinate upon the back; fingers and toes 5—5; the two inner and 
outer ones quite short; tail cyclo-tetragonal at base, longer than head, neck 
and body. 


LyGosavRus PELLOPLEURUS nob. 


Spee. char. Light brown above, with four longitudinal rows of minute black 
spots, extending a considerable distance upon the tail; a lateral dark-colored 
band on each side, commencing behind the eye and extending the whole length 
of the back and body, being lost upon the tail; abdomen and under part of 
extremities white; the scales upon the under part of the tail spotted with 
black. Total length 3 inches, 7 lines; tail 2 inches. 

Description. The size of this delicate-looking little Lepidosaurian is about 
the same as that of Lygosoma laterale; the head is small, the snout rather 
pointed, the supra-orbitar regions somewhat prominent; the internasal is 
broader than long; the fronto-nasal single, truucate posteriorly, presenting 
three facets in front, the middle one broad; frontal truncate anteriorly, the 
edges bevelled, angular posteriorly ; the fronto-parietals and parietals present 
nothing remarkable, but the interparietal, instead of being placed exclusively 
between the parietals, lies also and for the greater part of its extent between 
the fronto-parietals; it is narrow in front, broad behind; the inferior eyelid is 
protected by two rows of scales, the inferior row quite large, beneath which, 
and above the supero-iabials, there are two interrupted rows of triangular 
scales; four supra-orbitar scales; auricular openings pyriform in shape, with 
no scales upon their borders; scales hexagonal, those upon the abdomen and 
sides smooth, those upon the back tricarinate; 24 rows of scales, six in front 
of the arms and of nearly equal size; extremities slender, each provided with 


[ Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 497 


a nail, the third fiager the longest, the first very short, almost rudimentary, 
the second and fifth of nearly equal length ; the first two quite short, the fourth 
the longest; fingers and toes not denticulated upon the edges, the inferior surface 
covered with transverse scales Color and dimensions as above. 

Habitat. Ousima, Japan. Two specimens,—oune from Loo-Choo. 

Gen. remarks. Although the two animals resemble each other so much 
in their general form, the arrangement of the plates upon the head is quite 
different. In Lygosoma laterale the scales are quite smooth. 


OPHIDTIA. 
Fam. TyPHLopPip®. 
OpHTHALMIDIUM D. & B. 


Char. A narrow rostral, bent upon the snout; a supra-ocular; a pair of 
preoculars ; a pair of nasals; a pair of oculars, with the eye distinct at the 
upper part; a pair of fronto-nasals; a pair of post-oculars; an anterior frontal ; 
a frontal; a pair of parietals; an interparietal; eyes latero-superior; body 
covered with smooth hexagonal scales ; tail very short. 


OPHTHALMIDIUM TENUE nob. 


Spec. char. Color uniformly brown above, lighter below ; 10 rows of subcaudal 
scales; 282 horizontal rows, 20 longitudinal rows, 4 pair of supralabials; 
nostrils very small, ia the susure between the nasal and fronto-nasal plates, 
beneath the extremity of the snout. 

Dimensions. Length of tail 14 lines; of head and body 5 inches. Total 
length 5 inches, 3 line. 

Habitat. Hong-Kong, China. Three specimens. 


Fam, AgtypHopontes D. & B. 


Gen. Exvapuis Aldrovandi. 


Char. Nostrils between two plates; a frenal; two antoculars, the inferior 
small, intercalated between the third and fourth supra-labials; the one resting 
on the fourth and fifth; two internasals, smaller than tie prefrontals: a frontal 
longer than broad ; three temporals on each side ; scales elongated, lanceolate, 
weakly keeled; tail of moderate length, scutes bifid. 


ELAPHIS BILINEATUS nob. 


Spee. char. Nine rows of scales, the dorsal ones carinate; color black, as 
in Coryphodon constrictor, but with two white lines on each side of the 
neck, extending some distance along the body. Total length 3 feet, 4 inches. 

Description. This species, in its general conformation, has a marked resem- 
blance to Coryphodon constrictor (Bascanion B. & G.), the pupil is round, 
the supraciliaries projecting very slightly, the superior antocular much ex- 
cavated; of the supralabials the sixth and seventh are the largest; the frenal 
is not elongated, but rhomboidal, with its posterior and inferior angle prolonged ; 
of the two anterior temporal plates the superior is the more narrow and smaller ; 
the frontal plate is pentangular, less excavated laterally than in Coryphodon 
constrictor; the three inferior rows on each side are carinated, the carine 
not extending the whole length of the scale; the preanal scute is bifid; 
abdomen angular; posterior teeth longer than the anterior. Ab. scut. 193; 
subcaud. 1 bifid pazeanal; 76 subcaud. 

Habitat, Volcano Bay, Jesso. One specimen, caught by Dr. Morrow, May 
30th, 1854. 

Gen. Lepropuipium nob. 


Char. <A rostral, two internasals much smaller than the prefrontals ; frontal 
longer than broad, presenting an acute angle posteriorly; occipitals large; 


1860.] 


498 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


nostril between two plates, a frenal; two antoculars, and two postocular plates; 
eye margined inferiorly by the fourth and fifth supralabials ; scales quadrangular 
smooth ; a double preanal plate; tail short with bifid scutes; eye rather large, 
pupil ovoid. 

LEPTOPHIDIUM DORSALE nob. 


Spee char. Nineteen rows of smooth scales ; eight superior labials ; the fifth 
in contact with the inferior postocular; an oblique brownish band behind the 
eye; another on each side of the head, passing across the temples; inferior 
and superior labials, rostral and internasals with dark-colored maculations ; 
a transverse baracross the prefrontals posteriorly ; two longitudinal brownish 
stripes upon the neck, commencing at the occipitals; a series of transverse 
light brown fasciz upon the anterior third of the dorsum, about 12 in number, 
bordered with light yellow ; fawn color above, white below, with a tinge of 
green. Ab. scut. 100; 1 bifid prwanal; 85 subcaud. 

Dimensions. Length of head 6 lines; greatest breadth 3; length of body 84 
inches; of tail 2 inches, 3 lines. Total length 11 inches, 3 lines. 

Habitat. Hakodadi, Japan. One specimen, taken on a hill-side, near 
Hekodadi, Island of Jesso, June, 1855, by W. Stimpson. 


LEPIDOCEPHALUS nob. 


Gen. char. Head rather short and broad behind triangular; temples 
swollen; two internasals, two prefrontals, larger than the internasals; a frontal, 
as in Coronella ; nostril between two plates ; a narrow frenal; a preocular ; two 
postoculars; the eye resting on the fourth and fifth supralabials, four or five 
lines from the extremity of the snout; posterior superior maxillary teeth much 
longer than the others; scales upon the back quadrangular, with rounded 
posterior margins, semicarinate; tail of moderate length, with bifid scutes. 


LEPIDOCEPHALUS FASCIATUS nob. 


Spee. char. Eight supralabials; 17 rows of scales, the four inferior rows 
smooth ; a series of thirty-five dark-colored bands upon the body; nine upon 
the tail; tip of tail black; 216 ab. scut.; a single preanal; 65 subcaud.; 
length 3 feet. 

Description. General appearance that of Coronella; the pupil is round; 
there are seven temporal plates; of the superior labials the posterior 
and superior angle of the third is prolonged so as to touch the eye 
in front, occupying the position of an inferior preocular; the sixth and 
seventh supralabials are the largest; the neck anteriorly is of nearly the same 
thickness as the head; the body moderately robust, the abdomen angular; the 
tail rather slender, not pointed at the tip; throat and abdomen white; a series 
of black longitudinal blotches upon the under surface of the tail at its middle ; 
superior labials margined with black; a black quadrangular blotch behind the 
eye; upper part of head black, intermingled with yellow spots; a narrow 
transverse band upon the neck with an anterior prolongation; the interspaces 
between the black bands upon the back white or yellowish. 

Dimensions. Length of head 1 inch; greatest breadth 7} lines; length of 
body 2 feet, 74 inches. 

Habitat. Japan and Loo-Choo. Two specimens from each locality. Those 
from Loo-Choo captured by Mr. Heine. 


Gen. ProreRopoN nob. 


Char. The anterior teeth longer than the posterior, with a marked interval 
between the first, second, third and fourth of the upper jaw; two internasals; 
two prefrontals; a frontal, as in Coronella; a frenal; one antocular; two 
postoculars; four temporals; the superior of the two anterior quite small and 


[Oct. 


D8 CP Oh AO in A eh te ie in « , 


_—— 


a 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 499 


narrow-pointed behind; eye resting on the fourth and fifth supralabial; scales 
quadrangular; those of the back slightly carinate; preanal scute bifid; tail 
rather short, with bifid scutes. . 


PROTERODON TESSELLATUS nob. 


Spec. char. Twenty-one rows of scales; three or four rows on each side 
smooth; the others, with a slight carina, extending half-way along the middle; 
olive-colored above; throat yellow, black spotted; abdomen orange, tesselated 
with black; length 3 feet. 

Description. The head is rather long, flattened behind, pupil round, the 
supraciliary not projecting over the eye; the frenal is quite small; of the two 
postoculars the supericr is the larger; the temporal plate immediately behind 
them is remarkable for its form; it is quite narrow and somewhat lanceolate 
in shape; of the two posterior temporals the upper is much longer than the 
inferior; there are eight supralabials, though this is somewhat doubtful from 
the diseased condition of the three anterior ones, the seventh being the 
largest; the scales posterior to the occipitals (about a dozen rows) are quite 
smooth; the neck is narrower than the head; the body moderately stout: 
the tail rounded above and upon the sides, flattened beneath, tapering to a 
peint. Ab. scut. 211; subcaud. 73; a double przanal plate. 


AMPHIESMA TIGRINUM D. & B., Erp. Gen. t. vii. p. 732. 


Tropidonotus tigrinus Schlezel, Fauna Japonica, p. 86. Two specimens caught 
at Niphon, Japan, May, 1855, “py ] Mr. Stimpson. Ab.scut. 162; 1 bifid preanal; 
subcaud. 175. 

Gen. remarks. This is evidently the Tropidonotus tigrinus of Prof. 
Schlegel, whose remarks in regard to the differences between the one under 
consideration and the Tropidonotus natrix of EKuropean authors, are perfectly 
correct. Trop. tigrinus hasa great resemblance to the Trop. hydrus of 
Fitzinger, of which we have eight specimens in the Bonap. Coll., the markings 
and the number of rows of scales are the same in both; but the shape of the 
head is very different. That of tigrinus is broad, and the snout is rounded, 
but in hy drus itis moreacute. The two serpents in fact belong to different 
genera, 


BATRACHIANS. 


RANID&. 


RANA RUGOSA Schlegel. Fauna Japonica, p. 160, tab. 3, fig. 3 and 4, D. &B., 
Erpet. Generale, tom. viii. p. 368. 

Four specimens of small size, presenting the conical pustulations upon the 
longitudinal elevations upon the back described by Dumeril & Bibron, three 
other specimens from Ousima, and two from Simoda, of the size of Rana 
halecina, with vocal vesicles very distinct. ~The specimens from Onsima, 
and two larger ones from Simoda, are perfectly white beneath. Taken in 
in the Paddy fields at the island of Ousima, May, 1855, W. S. Cream 
colored and greenish mottled. The large specimens from Simoda, Island 
of Niphon, were found in the Paddy fields back of the town, May, 1855. 
This species has bladders, one on each side of the neck behind the jaws, which 
swell in globes one-half an inch in diameter; and when the croaking noise is 
made, they as rapidly fall flat against the neck. Above dark greyish, with 
darker brown spots on the hinder legs; sides yellowish brown; belly white; 
fore legs inclining to flesh color; back sometimes streaked with black, as in 
our Pickerel frog. Other specimens much smaller, marked 13 in the catalogue, 
were found along the shores of mountain streams, at Simoda, Japan, May, 
1855. Above very dark brown, irregularly and distantly punctate with black. 
Below pale greyish, mottled with white. Another specimen of rugosa by 
Dr. Morrow from Simoda. 


1860.] 


500 ‘PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


RANA MARMORATA nob. 


Two specimens of a frog, the coloration of which, though the animal is not 
so large, corresponds with the figure of Rana esculenta, as given in the 
Fauna Japonica. It differs, however, very considerably from the numerous 
specimens of Rana esculenta in the Bonap. collection of the Academy. 
The spots upon the back are not so regular and well defined as inesculen- 
ta, and there exist on each side of the ventral line four or five longitudinal 
elevations, resembling somewhat those of rugosa. The sides are marbled 
with black, and there is a black band extending from the front of the eye to 
the tip of the snout; extremities black spotted; thighs posteriorly marbled 
with black; under parts white. Length 1 inch 9 lines; of anterior extremi- 
ties 1 inch; of posterior 2 inches, 10 lines. 

Habitat. Simoda. Five specimens obtained by Dr. Morrow. 

A small specimen of a Rana not figured in Schlegel, perhaps the young of a 
large species is. 


RANA NIGROMACULATA Hob. 


Spec. char. Vomerine teeth in two patches between the internal nares; olive 
colored, with numerous black spots upon the back, of considerable size, but 
varying in this respect ; a black band extending from the eye to the snout on 
each side; legs and tarsi banded with black, thighs mottled posteriorly with 
blotches of the same color;:under parts white; web of the toes extending as 
far as the base of the antepenultimate phalanx, except in the third, in which it 
reaches to the base of the proximal extremity of the third phalanx. 

Dimensions. Length of head and body 1 inch; of anterior extremities 4 an 
inch ; of posterior 1} inches. 

Habitat. Japan. One specimen discovered by Dr. Morrow. 

In the collection of reptiles from Japan, by Dr. Morrow, is one specimen of 
a Rana figured in Schlegel, considered by Prof. S. as identical with the 
Rana temporaria of Europe. This species, however, has even a 
stronger resemblance to the Rana syLvaTica of the United States, with 
which it appears to be identical, and from which, indeed, I do not find 
any marked points of difference. The large blotch behind the ear, and the 
longitudinal black mark upon the arm exist, in all these specimens, and the 
longitudinal ridge on each side of the body. Length of head and body 1 inch 
11 lines ; of thigh 1 inch 2 lines; of leg 1 inch 2 lines; of tarsus 7 lines ; of 
foot to extremity of longest toe 1 inch; of arm 5 lines: of forearm 5 lines; of 
hand to extremity of longest finger 5 lines. Found in the Paddy fields back of 
Simoda, Island of Niphon, Japan, May, 1855. This species has no cheek blad- 
der. (Notes of Mr. Stimpson.) 


HyYLip&. 


Hyba viripis? Laurenti. 


Syn. Hyla arborea Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, p. 112, pl. 3, fig. 526. 

Habitat. Simoda, Japan; found in the mud in the Paddy fields back of 
Simoda, Island of Niphon, May, 1855. The color during life, according to Mr. 
Stimpson, is bright light green above. A golden band along each side of the 
head, including the eye; sides minutely sprinkled with copper color; belly 
white; puffs at the throat. Five specimens. 

Gen. remarks. We can find no marked difference of structure between this 
animal and the Hyla viridis of Laurenti, but no mention is made in the 
description of the former of the golden band along each side of the head. 


POLYPEDATES VIRIDIS nob. 


Char. Head large; snout truncate; eyes large; nostrils small, two lines 


(Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 501 


apart; canthus rostralis slightly excavated; the ridge between the snout and 
the eye separating this region from the upper part of the head, presenting a 
slight convexity inward: tongue cordiform, notched posteriorly, eustachian 
foramina more oval in shape than the posterior nares; vomerine teeth in 
two transverse rows, on a line with the anterior margins of the posterior 
nares, inclining backward toward each other, separated by an interval of 
more than half a line; skin smooth above, of a czrulean color in alcohol ; 
the posterior part of thighs, legs and tarsi whitish ; under parts white, the 
abdomen very much granulated; fingers and toes semipalmate; a series of 
dark colored spots upon the flanks. 

Dimensions.—Length of head and body 1 inch 4 lines; breadth of head 6} 
lines; of arm 4 lines; of forearm 34 lines; of hand to extremity of longest 
finger 5 lines; of thigh 8 lines; of leg 8 lines; of foot to extremity of longest 
toe 6 lines. 

Habitat. Loo-Choo. Taken at Loo-Choo, December, 1854, by Mr. Wright. 
Color during life pale green above, below pale red; no dark line of separation 
between these colors. (Notes of Mr. Stimpson.) 

Gen. remarks. This species evidently belongs to the same genus as Poly- 
pedates megacephalus, found at Hong Kong, and remarkable for the twe 
patches of rugosities upon the vertex; the animal, however, is quite different 
from the Polypedates rugosus of Ceylon and the Phillipines. 


PoLyPEDATES Bureerit D. & B. 


Erpet. Generale, tom. viii. p. 521. 
Syn. Hyla Burgeriti Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, p. 113, pl. 3, fig. 728. Ousima, 
Japan. A small specimen from the Loo-Choo islands. 


Ixatus Tsch. 


IxALUS JAPONICUS nob. 


Char. Head of moderate size; nostrils small, lateral, } line apart; body 
rather slender, much more so than in Hyla versicolor; posterior extremi- 
ties quite long, webs reaching to the antepenultimate phalanx; color ash grey 
above, in some specimens very pale; a transverse blotch upon the head, with 
a posterior triangular prolongation; several other blotches upon the back, one 
presenting the form of the two halves of the letter X, separated by a hori- 
zontal line. In one of the specimens the transverse bar is wanting: 
a brownish spot in front of the shoulder; a narrow oblique band behind 
the tympanum; lower lip spotted with black; upper lip also, but the spots 
are broader and more oblique; an oblique fold above the tympanum, 
commencing behind the eye; tympanum distinct, of a brownish color; upper 
part of head and anterior part of body presenting a number of tubercles; can- 
thus rostralis concave; ridge between the eye and the nostril presenting a 
convexity inward; snout rounded, and somewhat acute; abdomer and under 
part of thighs posteriorly granulated. 

Habitat. Japan. 

Gen. remarks. This species corresponds very nearly with the description of 
Ixalus semifasciatus D. & B., in tom. viii. p. 523 of the Erpetologie 
Generale. It is there mentioned, however, that the palmation of the toes does 
not extend beyond one-half of their length. In the Japan specimens it would 
appear to be larger. In Schlegel’s figure, which represents a much smaller 
animal, there are no websto the toes. Ixalus semifasciatus is an inhabi- 
tant of Java. Future observation must determine whether the two animals be 


identical or not. 
China. 
There are in the collection no Chelonians from China, and but three Saurians, 


1360.] 


502 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


viz., @ Geckotian, an Agamian, anda Scink. Except a few serpents, all the 
oe specimens are Batrachians, which appear to abound in that region of the 
globe. 


SA URIA. 
GEcKOTID, 
HemipacTyus Cuyv. 
Sect. Dactytoretes D. & B. 
Subdiv. A.— Dactyloteles fissipedes D. & B. 
EEMIDACTYLUS PUMILUS nob. 


Char. Supraorbitar regions not remarkably prominent; frontal region 
covered with granulations, larger than those upon the vertex and occiput; 
granulations upon body uniform or nearly so; ventral plate with fine facets, a 
little broader than long; in contact with the ventral are two plates, the first 
in contact with the first supralabial, the second with the second, the anterior 
larger than the posterior, and pentangular in shape; eleven supralabials ; 
eight inferior labials; no pores in front of arms or along the thighs; color 
greyish; thighs with yellow above, the latter color predominating upon the 
head, with numerous dark colored transverse marmorations upon the back; 
under parts white. 

Dimensions. Length of head 6 lines; breadth 33 lines; length of neck and 
body 1} inches; of tail 1 inch 44 lines. 

Habitat. Hong Kong. One specimen, 


Lezarps I@vaNIENS ou Sauriens Eunotes D. & B. 
Gen. Catorres Kaup. 


CaLorges veRsIcoLtor D. & B. Two specimens. Cum-Sing-Moon, China. Dr. 
Morrow. 


Lzezarps ScrIncorpiens ou Sauriens Lepidosaures. 
Saurophthalmes D. & B. 
EUMECES QUADRIVIRGATUS nob. 


Spec. char, Supra-nasals but little extended at their external margin; 
neither slender nor much developed; internasal remarkable for its great 
breadth compared with its length, measuring 1} lines transversely, and about 
$a line longitudinally; fronto-nasals in contact, their internal margins trun- 
cate; frontal hexagonal; the anterior and posterior angles obtuse, somewhat 
broader in front than behind; two fronto-parietals in contact, each with five 
distinct facets; interparietal short and broad; seven superior labials ; a freno- 
nasal, a first and second frenal, the second much larger than the first; two 
freno-orbitar plates, each of moderate size; twenty rows of small, hexagonal 
scales; body slender; tail cyclo-tetragonal at base, compressed toward the 
tip; color jet black above, with four longitudinal, narrow, white or yellow 
colored vittz, broader and bluish upon the tail; the two middle ones com- 
mence each at the snout, pass over the eye, and extend on each side of the neck 
and back, and are lost upon the middle third of the tail, at its extremity; the 
inferior one commences at the armpit and terminates at the groin; under parts 
white, with a tinge of blue upon the abdomen. 

Dimensions. Wength of head 6 lines; greatest breadth 4 lines; length of 
neck and body 1 inch 11 lines; of tail 3 inches 5} lines; of anterior extremi- 
ties 83 lines; of posterior extremities 11 lines. Total length 5 inches, 10 
lines. 

Habitat, Hong Kong Island, China. Near the summit of the mountain. 
Caught May 4th, 1854, by Mr. Wright. [0 

ct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 503 


OPHIDIA., 


AGLYPHODONTES. 
HERPETODRYAS Boie. 
HERPETODRYAS CHLORIS nob. 


Spec. char. Internasals very much smaller than prefrontals, rostral plate - 
pentagonal, the other plates upon the head presenting nothing remarkable ; 
eight superior labials, the eye resting on the fourth and fifth ; anterior geneials 
much longer and broader than the posterior; fifteen rows of smooth scales 
upon the middle of the body; tail rather long; a double row of bifid preanal 
scutes; 161 ab. scut, 86 subcaud. Color uniform green above, white below. 

Dimensions Length of head 8 lines; greatest breadth 4 lines; length of 
body 1 foot 7 inches; of tail 8 inches 5 lines. 

Habitat. Hong Kong Island. Caught May, 1854, by Mr. Brooke. 


Leptopuis Bell. 
LEPTOPHIS TRIFRENATUS nob. 


Spec. char. Body very long and somewhat slender; seventeen rows near 
the middle, the three median ones carinated; color olive above, barred with 
black posteriorly ; under parts yellow, black spotted upon throat; posterior 
margin of scale at posterior part of body margined with black; ab. scut. 187, 
subeaud. 110. Total length 5 feet. (Fr.) 

Description. The plates upon the upper part of the head present nothing 
remarkable; the nostril is deeply excavated between the plates ; there are three 
frenals, the one immediately behind the post-nasal five-sided, nearly quadran- 
gular in shape, the two behind it smaller and resembling it; there are two post- 
oculars, and eight superior labials, the eye resting on the fourth and fifth; the 
scales upon the sides of the body are smooth and quadrangular, those upon the 
middle of the back carinated. Coloration: The general tinge above is olive, 
the posterior part of the body being barred irregularly with black; tail olive 
colored above, barred transversely at its root with black, and maculated with 
black toward its posterior extremities; posterior border of the labial plates 
margined with black; middle portion of abdomen maculated with black; pos- 
terior part distinctly margined to a greater or less extent with black posterior- 
ly; under part of tail yellow; the posterior margin of scutes black. 

Dimensions. Length of head 13 inches; greatest breadth 11 lines; length of 
body 3 feet 72 inches; of tail 1 foot 24 inches. 

Habitat. Hong Kong, China. Caught on the island of that name, April, 
1854, by Lieut. Brooke. 


Ampuiesma D. & B. 


AMPHIESMA STOLATUM. One specimen caught on a hill at Whampoa, China, 
July, 1851. 
AMPHIESMA FLAVIPUNCTATUM nob. 


Char. Head small, eyes somewhat prominent, internasals small and trian- 
gular, prefrontals of-moderate size, pentagonal; three or four post-oculars ; 
eight supralabials, the eye resting on the third and fourth; a small plate 
intercalated between the second and third ; seventeen rows of lanceolate scales, 
near the middle of the body, the twoinferior rows smooth. Colordusky yellow, 
with numerous yellow spots along the margin of the scales, a black undulating 
band running transversely behind the occiput, and two oblique ones upon the 
side of the head, the one commencing at the inferior margin of the eye, passing 
over the inferior post-ocular, and extending between the fifth and sixth supra 
labial to the inferior margin of the jaw; another commencing behind the post- 
orbitar, and extending obliquely across the temples, and terminating at the 


1360. ] 


504 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


inferior and posterior margin of the seventh supralabial plate ; under parts 
yellow, the posterior margin of each scute bordered with black—128 ab. scut. 
1 bifid prenal; 78 urostega. 

Dimensions. Length of head 9 lines; greatest breadth 54; length of body 1 
foot 24 inches; of tail 6 inches, 8 lines. Total length 1 foot, 9 inches, 8 lines. 

Habitat. Island of Hong Kong, May, 1854, by Mr. Brooke. The specimen of 
the expedition having been somewhat injured, the above description was taken 
from a larger specimen in the collection of the Academy, which is stated to have 
been captured in Canton River. 


OPISTHOGLYPHES D. & B. 
PLATYRHINIENS. 
Homawbopsis Kuhl. 


? Homatopsis Buccatus Fitzinger. D.& B., tom. vii.,p.968. One specimen, 
caught on the Island of Hong Kong, May, 1854, by Mr. Brooke. 


PROTEROGLYPHES. 


Nasa H4uI. One specimen, caught among stones on the shore 0f Hong Kong 
Harbor, May, 1854. 
BATRACHIA. 


RANIDA. 


Rana TigRINA Daud. 


Syn. Rana rugulosa Weig., Nov. Act., tom. xVii., p. 258, tab. 21, fig. 2. 

Rana tigrina Daud. Hist. Nat. des Grenouilles des Rainettes et des Cra- 
pauds, p. 864, pl. xx. 

Rana limnocharis Boie., MS. 

Rana Cancrivora D. 

Rana vittigera Weig., Nov. Act., vol. xviii , tab. 21, fig, 1. 

Rana mugiens Daud., pl. xvii. 

Rana brama Lesson, Belanger, Voy. aux Indes Orientales, pl. vi. 

Spec. char. General appearance very much like that of Ranarugosa, Schlegel, 
but it wants the vocal vesicles, and the longitudinal folds on either side of the 
back; head large, rather narrow in front; an oblique fold extending from the 
eye to the shoulder, with small yvomerine teeth in two large patches situated very 
obliquely ; tongue long, bitid posteriorly ; tympanum very distinct ; extremities 
robust; a longitudinal glandular band running across the frenal region, which 
is excavated, and passing under the eye; an oblique fold extending from 
the eye to near the shoulder; color dark brown above, dark spotted, with 
numerous elevated longitudinal ridges upon the back, placed irregularly ; upper 
jaw spotted with black; thighs marbled posteriorly with black, upon a yellow 
ground; legs tarsi, and under part of feet banded with black ; skiz not smooth 
but warty; the trails on the posterior part of the body largely developed ; 
under parts yellow, the chin slightly marbled with black. 

Dimensions. Length of head 1 inch 4 lines; breadth 1 inch three lines; 
length of head and body 3 inches; length of arm 6 lines; of forearm 6; of hand 
to extremity of longest finger 7 lines; of thigh 1 inch 4 lines; of leg 1 ee 4} 
lines, of feet to extremity of longest toe 1 inch 44 lines, 

Habitat. Hong Kong; bought in the market of that place, Sept., aes by 
Wm. Stimpson. 

RANA TRIVITTATA nob. 

Spec. char. Head triangular, snout rather acute, palatine teeth but slightly 
developed, in two converging rows, their posterior extremities wide apart; 
tongue pyriform, deeply notched behind ; body and extremities slender; color 
brownish, dark spotted, with three longitudinal white lines extending the whole 
length of the head and body commencing at the snout, the two exterior passing 


[Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 505 


over the eye; a truncate band reaching from the snout to the eye; extremities 
banded and brown spotted; two brownish bars on each side of the thighs poste- 
riorly ; under parts white. 

Dimensions. Length of head 5 lines; greatest breadth 4; length of head and 
body 11 lines; length of anterior extremities 7 lines; of posterior 1 inch 10 
lines. 

Habitat. Hong Kong, China. 


RANA NEBULOSA nob. 


Spee. char. Quite small, head rather broad posteriorly, extremities slender, 
palatine teeth in two bunches between the internal nares; tongue pyriform 
free at the sides, and very much so posteriorly, notched behind; tympanum 
distinct; color brown above, skin smooth; chin, throat and abdomen white or 
grayish; under part of extremities flesh colored, 

Dimensions. Length of head 4 lines; greatest breadth 4; length of head and 
body 10 lines; of anterior extremities 6 lines; of posterior 1 inch 1 line. 

Habitat. Hong Kong, China. 

Gen. remarks. The young no doubt of a larger animal. 


Rawa GRACILIS Weig., Nova. Acta, vol. xvii., p. 257. 


Spec. char. Snout somewhat acute, supraciliary regions prominent; nostrils 
wide apart; skin of the back thrown into longitudinal rugose folds; body 
slender; head long and rather broad posteriorly, posterior extremities stout ; 
color above brownish, dark spotted ; with transverse dark colored blotches upon 
the back; a narrow longitudinal white line extending from the snout to the 
posterior extremity of the body, absent in some specimens; webs of the hinder 
extremities reaching to the base of the penultimate phalanx, except of the 4th, 
where it reaches the base of theantepenultimate; thighs and legs spotted and 
banded with brown; a series of longitudinal dark colored bars, broader below 
the hips; under parts white. 

Dimensions. Length of head 7 lines; greatest breadth 5; length of head and 
body 1 inch 2 lines; length of anterior extremities 8 lines: of posterior 1 inch 
il lines. 

Habitat. China, caught at Whampoa, June 1854, by Mr. Stimpson. 

Gen. remarks. According to Weigmann, this small species is found on the 
island of Lucon as well as in China. They are used abundantly as an article of 
food in both places, and captured by thousands, especially for the market of 
Macao. 


RANA MULTISTRIATA DOb. 


Spec. char. Color greyish above, with transverse angular bars of a darker 
color; upper and lower jaw dark-spotted; abdomen white; length 1 inch 3 lines. 

Description. Head long, eyes not prominent, tympanum of moderate size, 
tongue obcordate, hollowed posteriorly; palatine teeth en chevron, between the 
interior nares; anterior extremities slender, posterior rather stout; color 
greyish above, with transverse angular bars of a darker color upon the head 
and body, one passing between the eyes, posteriorly prolonged ex triangle; 
thighs round and mottled with grey and white; legs barred posteriorly with 
black; arms and forearms barred with black; upper lip barred with dark 
broygn ; lower, brown spotted, the interior margin rounded ; chin mottled with 
brown; abdomen white, under parts of extremities plush color. 

Dimensions. Length of head 6 lines; greatest breadth 5; length of head 
and body 1 inch, 24 lines; of anterior extremities 8 lines; of posterior, 1 inch, 
9 lines; of thigh 6 lines; of leg 6; of tarsus 3. 

Habitat. Hong-Kong, China. Two specimens. 


OxyeLossus Tschudi. 


Oxydozyga Kuhl, MS. Rhomboglossus D. & B., MS. 
1860.] 


506 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Char. Head triangular, tongue oval, attached in front, free on the greater 
part of its extent posteriorly; body short and thick, rugose above; eyelids 
warty, anterior extremities of moderate thickness, posterior rather stout, 
fingers slightly webbed at their base, four fingers, five toes, the second finger 
much the longer, the two outer ones of nearly equal length; the web of the toes 
extending to the base of the terminal phalanz. 


OxyGLossus tiwA Tschudi. 


Syn. Ozydozyga braccata Kuhl, MS. 
Bombinator lima Mus. Lugd. et Francf. 
Oxygossus lima Tschudi. Classif. der Batrachier. (Mem. Acad. Neuch. 
tom. i. p. 85.) 

Spec. char. Brownish above, with a tinge of yellow below; a brown band 
bordered with white upon the posterior of the thighs. 

Dimensions. Length of head 7 lines; greatest breadth 6; length of head 
and body 1 inch 2 lines; length of arterior exterior toes 6 lines; of posterior, 
1 inch 7 lines; of thigh 6 lines; of leg 6; of tarsus 3; of foot to extremity of 
longest toe 7 lines. 

Habitat. Hong-Kong. 

Gen. remarks. In the webbing of the feet this animal resembles Dactylethra ; 
but in the form and arrangement of the tongue, and in other respects, it is quite 
different. Dumeril & Bibron have given Bengal and Java as the habitat. 


BUuFONIDA. 
Boro Laur. 
BuFo GRISEUS nob. 


Char. Head short and broad, snout slightly truncate; two rather long 
elliptical paratoids, toes semipalmate, numerous subround tubercles, above upon 
the back, color greyish above, white or light yellow beneath, with dark-colored 
markings upon the abdomen. 

Dimensions. Length of head 4 lines; greatest breadth 4; length of body 9 
lines; of arm3 lines; of forearm 3 lines; of hand and fingers 3 lines ; of thigh 
4 lines; of leg 4; of tarsus 3 lines; of foot to extremity of longest toe 4 lines. 

Habitat. Hong-Kong, China, July, 1854. Caught by Mr. Stimpson in the 
marshes of Whampoa. 


Eneystoma Wagl. 


ENGYSTOMA PULCHRUM nob. 


Char. Head small, triangular, snout acute; two tubercles upon the heel; 
toes semipalmated; ground color of head and body above yellowish, presenting 
several series of undulating bands, on the side of the latter resembling the 
contortions of certain geological formations; a black band across the head 
between the eyes posteriorly; a series of undulating bars in front of this; 
snout dark-colored, two dark-colored bands meeting near the middle of the 
body, and diverging ; within therm numerous dark-colored lines and oval spots 
bordered with white; similar oval spots between the thighs; arms partly 
yellowish ; chin and throat mottled with black. ’ 

Dimensions. Length of head 3 lines; greatest breadth 3; length of head and 
body 10 lines; length of anterior extremities 6 lines; of posterior 1 inch, 7 
lines. 

Habitat. Hong-Kong, China. Common in the brackish water marshes 
between Hong-Kong and Whampoa, China. June, 1854. It is colored on the 
back with bluish, brown, white, yellowish, etc, concentrically arranged as in 


Agate. 
[Oct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 07 


HYLIDA. 
PonypPEDATES Wag]. 
POLYPEDATES MEGACEPHALUS nob. 


Spee. char. Head large, two oblong patches of rugosities, upon the vertex ; 
snout truncate, nostrils lateral, quite near the extremity of the snout; skin 
smooth, tongue cordiform, notched posteriorly, from behind and at the sides: 
palatine teeth on a level with the anterior border of the posterior nares, 
converging toward each other, separated from each other by an interval of half 
a line; body and extremities slender; fingers very slightly webbed at base, 
posterior webs extending to the base of the penultimate phalanx, except 
on the fourth where it extends to the base of the antepenultimate ; color brown 
with dark-colored blotches uponthe back bordered with white; sides marbled 
with dark-brown; lower parts light yellow. 

Dimensions. Length of head 8 lines; greatest breadth 7; length of head and 
body 14 inches; length of anterior extremities 1 inch; of thigh 10 lines; of 
leg 9 lines; of tarsus 6 lines; of foot to extremity of longest toe 7 lines. 

Habitat. Hong-Kong, China. Caught May, 1854. 


Java. 
OPHIDIA. 
PytHonip#—Pythoniens holodontes D. J B. 
Div. B.—Nostrils vertical. 
PYTHON MoLURUS Gray. One specimen. 


Habitat. Java. Taken on the Island of Java, purchased and presented to 
the expedition by Dr. Hamilton. Killed and skinned at Hong-Kong, (not in good 
preservation). This specimen measured 16 feet in length. 


Cape of Good Hope. 
TESTUDINATA. 
Chersites D. § B. Testudines terrestres. 
Gen. Homorpus D. & B. 


In the collection of the expedition are eight specimens belonging to this 
genus, characterized by the presence of four toes only to each extremity. 


Homorvus arnouatus D. & B. 

Erpet. Gen. tom. ii. p. 146, pl. 13, fig. 2 and 3. 

Testudo areolatus, Rell. Monog. Test. The central portion of the disk in these 
specimens is from light chocolate brown to darker, in some almost black. The 
sternum in some specimens is much darker than in others. 

SAURIA. 
GECKOTIDA. 
Sauriens ascalabotes D. § B. 
PHYLLODACTYLUS. 
PHYLLODACTYLUS PORPHRYREUS D. & B. 


Spec. char. Head of moderate size, triangular, mental plate of moderate 
size, pentangular, eight inferior labials, nine superior, ground color above 
yellow, marbled all over with brown; under parts yellow. 

Dimensions. Length of head 5 lines; greatest breadth 3}; length of body 


1860.] 


508 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


13 lines; of tail 1 inch, 6 lines; of anterior extremities 6 lines; of posterior, 
8 lines. 

Habitat. Cape of Good Hope. Found in the moist crevices of rocks ; com- 
mon near Simon’s Town, Oct. 1853. 


AGAMIDR. 


Agama Daud. 
AGAMA ATRA Dand. 
Agama atra D. & B., tom. iv. p. 493. 
Agama atra Smith, Zoology of S. Africa, Appendix, p. 14. Four specimens. 
Very common at the Cape of Good Hope. Found sunning themselves on 
rocks ; motions slow. Collected Oct. 1855, by Lieut. Van Wyck. 


AGAMA ACULEATA? One specimen. D.& B. tom. iv. p.499. Very common 
at the Cape of Good Hope. Found sunning themselves on rocks; motions 
slow. Collected by Lieut. Van Wyck. 


ZONURIDE. 


Zonvgvs Griseus D. & B,, tom. v. p. 350. Seven specimens. Taken under 
stones in high ground. Very common at the Cape of Good Hope. Oct. 
1853. W.S. 

AUTOSAURIENS. 


Eremtas KNoxu D, & B. tom. v. 299. Smith, Zoology S. Africa, pl. 43. One 
specimen, Taken in arid places, near Cape Horn. its motions are exceedingly 
quick. Oct. 1853. W.S 

ScIncIDz. 


GERRHOSAURUS. 


GERRHOSAURUS SEPIFORMIS D. B. Smith, Zoology of S. Africa, pl. 41. D. & 
B., tom. v. p. 384. 

Scincus sepiformis Schneider. Hist. Amphib. fascic, ii. p. 191. 

Scincus sepiformis Merrem, Tent. Syst. Amphib. p. 70. One specimen, found 
under a stone on a grassy plat near Simons Town, Cape of Good Hope, Oct. 
1853. W.S. 

Gen. Acontias Cuvier. 


AcCoNTIAS MELEAGRIS D. & B. tom. v. p. 802, pl. 58. One specimen, found 
under a stone, in a moist situation, near Simon’s Town, Cape of Good Hope, 
Oct. 1853. W.S. According to Dumeril & Bibron, this species is very 
common in the neighborhood of the Cape of Good Hope. 


OPHIDIANS. 
PROTEROGLYPHES. 


Serpens proteroglyphes ou Apistophides D. & B. 1st Sect. Conocercal pro- 
teroglyphes. 
Gen. Nasa. 


Naya wag. Aspis of the old authors. Ureus Wagler. 

Var. intermixta D. & B. One specimen. Smith, Zoology of Southern 
Africa, Var. B. pl. xix. This specimen was captured at Constantia, Cape of 
of Good Hope, Oct. 1853, by Capt. Ringgold. Another specimen, brown above, 
with yellow spots upon the neck. The latter specimen measures 4 feet 5 
uches in length ; tail 8} inches. 


SOLENOGLYPHES. 


Serpens solenoglyphes ou Thanatophides D. & B. (0 
ct. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 509 


Gen. Ecurpna Merrem. 


EcHipNA ARIETANS Merrem, Puffadder, D. & B. tom. v. p. 1425. One very 


fine specimen. Taken near Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope, Oct. 1853. 
Purchased. 


AGLYPHODONTES. 


Corovetia cana D.& B. One’ specimen. Taken near Simon’s Town, Oct. 
1858. Lieut. Van Wyck. 


Homanosoma totrix D. & B., tom. vii. p. 110. One specimen. Found 
under sures on the hill’s head, Simon’s teh: Cape of Good Hope, Oct. 


Tease -U. 
EPANODONTIENS. 
ONYCHOCEPHALUS. 


ONYCHOCEPHALUS DELALANDII D. & B., tom. vi. p. 573. One specimen. 


BATRACHIA. 


RANIDZ. 
Raya Gray Smith, Zoology of South Africa. Pl. 78, fig. 2. Common in 
moist grounds. Five specimens. 
Madeira. 
SAURIA. 
Lezards LAcEerTIENS ou Autosaures D. & B. 
Celodontes Leiodactyles. 


Gen. LACERTA. 


Lacerta puGeEstt Milne-Edwards, Am. Se. Nat., tom. xvi. p. 84, tab. 6, fig. 2. 

Lacerta maderensis Fitz., Neu. Class. der Rept. p. 51. 

Lacerta dugesi D. & B., tom. v. p. 236. 

Habitat. Madeira. Seven specimens. Five adult, two young. In one of 
the young specimens the black lateral bands are destitute of yellow spots. 
Taken at the Island of Madeira, July, 1853. (C. Ames.) 


BATRACHIANS. 


Ranipz, 


Rana vigipis Resel. Rana maratima Risso. Two specimens. 
Habitat. Madeira. The spots upon the back do not appear to be so 
numerous as in the European specimens of R. viridis. 


1860.] 35 


519 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


INDEX. 

PaGE. PAGE 
Ablepharus Peronil...-.........-.+++ 487 | Lacerta Dugesii........... .....-2.«+ 509 
NIGrOPUNCtAtUS.... +++ 487 | Lepidocephalus fasciatus...-...+.00+. 498 
Acontias meleagris..........-..-.+. 508 | Leptophidium dorsale................. 498 
Aepided robusta. ...+.+.0+seeeeeeeseeeee 488) Leptophis margaretiferus........... 484 
AGAMA ALTA accaeesecsoesaesdepssses sees US trUfTENAtUS.....0.2-02-+++0+-- DOD 
actileatalss ces. ..peeees eres 508 | Lioninia vermiformis...... 02.00 ..+-+- 484 
Ameiva pulchra........s2c0-cseeee00 483 | Lygosaurus pellopleura.....+... +++ - 496 
Amphiesma stolatum.............- 503 | Lygosoma vertebralle............00+0 487 
Uibas hea cong cc 503 Guichenoti........ 489 
flavipunctatum....... 503 taeniolatum.... ......... 490 
Anaides lugubris.........-.eeers «++ 486 | Megalops maculatus. .....1.++ ..+00+ 00 488 
AnOliS CUPTEUS...000 000000 s00e00e2 2ve-e 481) Naja haji... sda cekit s+ fie eee memes 
LONGLCOMAG.250<00-edeereraree 481 var. intermixta.. 508 
TOM COUS oneasepasteos senor 480 | Onychocephalus De Lalandii.. - 509 
Batrachoseps attenuatus........... 486 | Ophthalmidium tenwe..........02002+ 497 
Blepharactisis speci0sdsrs.-v--neesieng oe |) OLOCLYPtlS-ccssescsseesae4 somee- losartan 491 
Bothrops flavoviridis... .1-.+. +0000 492) Oxyslossus Jima... csscssee. seose- 506 
BUf0 QT tS€USa00 ina <occeses aorces eevee 506 | Pelamis bicolor..........2+-s-csceee ee 489 
MeClONOQASHEMie ases eeeaar ons == 486 | Phyllodactylus porphyreus........ 507 
Calotes versicolor.............-. ..... 502| Platurus fasciatus............... 489, 493 
Chelonia mydas..........0+++ +0000 486 Vide oreo 489 
Cnemidophorus quadrilineatus..... 483 | Plestiodon marginatus. ......... +++ 492 
decemlineatus...... 482 latiscrtatus.ssnesseeseme 496 
Coniophanes fissidens.. «+--+ --++++ 485 | Polypedates viridis.................++. 500 
Coronella Cana........00+-.00re+ coooee DOD Burgertsctssroeteveeeee 500 
Cynops subcristatus....-...s0.0..0 494 megacephalus ... s+». 507 
Cystignathus melanonotus......... 485 | Proterodon tessellatus......+-s0++ «+--+ 499 
Diploderma polygonatum.......+++- 490 || Python molurus..-..2-c2.:cvessueee 507 
Draconura Divittat.....cceceses oe ASD Ratia Viridis......s02 esses <o2 oeenenee 509 
Dry Ophis) 2NeCUS =. -seaseriesq-e--7-r re 485 | TODOS dee secesetan rears 494, 499 
Echidna arietans.............-+++++ 509 MOTINOTOLG «vena cascelonas seas 500 
Elaphis bilineatus. ......2.°7'"** .--- 497 MULIStriatys-sencadeee ea eee 505 
Hlaps melanocephalus.......++++++++ 485 MUGTOMC.CUl GLC: won coinerensaetiee 500 
Engystoma pulchrutd........ 00-06 506 Syl VatlCGs.cconcncecescsnsssmaese 500 
Eremias Knoxil............+-+-scese~ 508 TASTING) cowevs!nevssewel seeeeeeeee 504 
Eumeces quadrivirgatus.... .....++ 502 UPTV conn a cece yl dosseeoade a 
Euprepis concolor. ....+..2+..+-eeee0e 486 NCOULOSG) +-.2<s.02-stsuee ee -ceieee UD 
Eurypholis semicarinatus............ 493 GT AY AE noose ies dogs eae . 509 
Gerrhosaurus sepiformis.......... 508 STACUIS 2.55 dew ooe swe saeco 505 
Hemidactylus presignis............ 480 | Sceloporus scalaris..................- 482 
PUTTNS onenan coencos 502 biseriatus .....-......s.06 486 
marmoratus.......... 491 | Spheriodactylus millepunctatus... 480 
INOTNALUS. «-+.+2006+ 492 | Tachydromus Japonicus............ 495 
Herpetodryas chloris. .......++00+++ 503 sexlineatus.......... 495 
Homalopsis buccatus.............. 504| Taricha forosus ....-:...:.. cssccerre 486 
Homalosoma lutrix.................-. 509 | Varanus bivittatus. .........-sccecees 486 
Homopus areolatus..... ....-....- DO7 | AOWUraS) STISCUS..°--t.r--2steeemetens 508 

Hyla\ Gyatiedeeee teers en-t es --= 490, 494 
OT ISCO -saetenmeeeeeae=t eal ore = 485 Genera i202. 8ee-.sseee eee 64 
ALDOLEA se-ceeeoee ipsa conennoce 500 Species .. «cacscecoeaeeeamere 94 

Txalus Japonicus.......0-seereeeneers 501 
[Oct. 


Ee 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 511 


Nov. 6th. 
Mr. Lea, President, in the Chair. 


Forty members present. 
The following paper was presented for publication : 


“ Descriptions of new species of the reptilian genera Hyperolius, 
Liuperus and Tropidodipsas, by H. H. Cope.” 
And was referred to a Committee. 


Dr. Darrach presented the following list of plants, which appeared in flower 
in the neighborhood of Philadelphia during the months of July, August, Sep- 
tember and October, together with a list of ferns growing in this neighbor- 


hood : 


1. July. 
RANUNCULACER. 
Clematis Virginiana. 
Anemone Virginiana. 
Delphinium consolida. 
NELUMBIACES. 
Nelumbium luteum. 


NyYMPH#ACEZ. 
Nuphar Kalmiana. 


CIsTACE. 


Lechea major. 
:< minor. 


DROSERACER. 


Drosera rotundifolia. 
os longifolia. 


HYPERICACER. 


Ascyrum crux andree. 
a stans. 
Hypericum prolificum. 
< angulosum. 
mutilum. 
sarothra. 
Elodea Virginica. 


“cc 
ce 


CARYOPHYLLACEZ. 


Dianthus armeria. 
Silene stellata. 
‘¢  antirrhina. 


MALVACEZ. 


Abutilon Avicenna. 
Sida spinosa. 


LINACEx. 
Linum Virginianum. 


1860.} 


BaALSAMINACER. 


Impatiens pallida. 
es fulva. 


ANACARDIACEZ. 


Rhus typhina. 
<< glabra. 
copallina. 
‘«  toxicodendron. 


“e 


VITACER. 
Ampelopsis quinquifolia. 
CELASTRACER. 


Celastrus scandens. 


POLYGALACER. 


Polygala incarnata. 
es sanguinea. 


LEGUMINOSZ. 


Crotalaria sagittalis. 
Desmodium nudiflorum. 
sie acuminatum. 
levigatum. 
Stylosanthes elatior. 


Lespedeza procumbens. 
ce 


ee 


repens. 
ts violacea. 
ie angustifolia, v. 


Apios tuberosa. 
Cassia Marilandica. 


RosacEz&. 


Agrimonia eupatoria. 
Waldsteinia fragarioides. 
Potentilla arguta. 

Geum Virginianum. 


5 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


MELASTOMACEZ. 
Rhexia Virginica. 
oe mariana. 

ONAGRACEZ. 
Epilobium angustifolium. 
(nothera biennis. 
Ludwigia alternifolia. 

palustris. 

Proserpinica palustris. 

CRASSULACEE. 
Penthorum sedoides. 


UMBELLIFERZ. 
Discopleura capillacea. 
Sium lineare. 
ARALIACEZ. 


Aralia racemosa. 


RUBIACEZ. 


Gallium concinnum. 
Cephalanthus occidentalis. 


DIPsAcEz. 
Dipsacus sylvestris. 


CoMPOSITZ. 


Liatris spicata. 
Sericocarpus solidagineus. 
£¢ conyzoides. 
Aster macrophyllus. 
Eclipta procumbens. 


Gnaphalium polycephalum. 


Antennaria margaritacea. 
Bidens frondosa. 
Diplopappus umbellatus... 
Solidago odora. 

“ Muhlenbergii. 
Chrysopsis mariana. 
Inula helenium. 
Circinm lanceolatum. 
Sonchus oleraceus. 


LOBELIACEZ. 
Lobelia Nuttallii. 


CAMPANULACEZ. 


Campanula aparinoides. 
Americana. 


ERICACER. 


Gaultheria procumbens. 
Clethra alnifolia. 
Rhododendron maximum. 
Chimophila umbellata. 


$ hypopitys. 


LENTIBULACEZ. 
Utricularia vulgaris. 
ae clandestina. 
ScROPHULARIACEZ. 


| Gratiola aurea. 
| Ilysanthes gratioloides. 
Gerardia flava. 

be purpurea. 
Chelone glabra. 
Mimulus alatus. 

fe ringens. 


VERBENACEX. 


Verbena hastata. 
| Phryma leptostachya. 


LABIAT#. 


Teucrium Canadense. 
Trichostema dichotomum. 
Mentha viridis. 

sc piperita. 

‘¢ Canadensis. 
Lycopus Virginicus. 
| Pycnanthemum linifolium. 
Origanum vulgare. 
Monarda fistulosa. 
Nepeta cataria. 
Brunella vulgaris. 
Scutellaria integrifolia. 


ee versicolor. 
| Stachys palustris. 
| es Vv. aspera. 


BoRRAGINACES. 


Echinospermum lappula. 
Cynoglossum Morrisoni. 


PoLEMONIACEZ. 
Phlox paniculata. 


CoNVOLVULACER. 

| Cuscuta arvensis. 

‘¢ _ gronovii. 

| GENTIANACEZ. 
Sabbatia angularis. 


ASCLEPIADACEZ. 
Asclepias rubra. 
ef purpurascens. 
uf incarnata. 
ARISTOLOCHIACEZ. 
Aristolochia serpentaria. 


PHYTOLACCACEZ. 
Phytolacca decandra. 


CHENOPODIACEZ. 
Chenopodium album. 
[Nov. 


NATURAL SCIENCES 


Chenopodium urbicum. 
eS botrys. 
oe ambrosioides. 
Atriplex hastata. 
PoOLYGONACEZ. 
Polygonum sagittatum. 
acre. 
SAURURACEZ. 
Saururus cernuus. 
CERATOPHYLLACEZ. 
Ceratophyllum demersum. 
CALLITRICHACEZ. 
Callitriche verna. 
PoposTEMACEZ. 
Podostemon ceratophyllum. 
EUPHORBIACE2. 
Euphorbia maculata. 
: hypericifolia. 
Acalypha Virginica. 
URTICACE. 
Urtica dioica. 
°  urens, 
Beemeria cylindrica. 
Humulus lupulus. 
TYPHACEX. 
Typha latifolia. 
Sparganum simplex. 
LEMNACEZ. 
Lemna minor. 
NAIDACE. 
Potamogeton fluitans. 
v. natans. 
ALISMACER. 
Alisma plantago. 


ORCHIDACER. 


Gymuadenia tridentata. 
Platanthera flava. 

‘s blephariglottis. 
Spiranthes gracilis. 

oe cernua. 


LIniacEz. 
Lilium Canadense. 
sf superbum. 
MELANTHACER. 


Melanthium Virginicum. 
Zygadenus leimanthoides. 


1860.] 


OF PHILADELPHIA. 


XYRIDACEZ. 
Xyris bulbosa. 


Orders 54. 
Species 154. 


August and September. 
MALvVACE. 
Hibiscus moscheutos. 


PoLYGALACES. 


Polygala ambigua. 


ee 


polygama. 


of cruciata. 


LEGUMINOS 2. 


| Desmodium paucifiorum. 


humnifusum. 
rotundifolinm. 
canescens. 
Dillenii. 
paniculatum. 
ciliare. 
Lespedeza Stuvei. 
Ss hirta. 

capitata. 
v. angustifolia. 
Phaseolus perennis. 
Galactia glabeila. 
Amphicarpea monoica. 
Cassia chamecrista. 

“¢  nictitans. 


ee 
“e 
“é 
“cc 
“ec 


“ee 


RosacEz. 
Sanguisorba Canadensis. 
Geum strictum. 
LYTHRACER. 
Cuphea viscosissima. 
ONAGRACEZ. 
Gaura biennis. 
Myriophyllum verticillatum. 
UMBELLIFERZ. 
Archemora rigida. 
Archangelica hirsuta. 
RUBIACE. 
Diodia teres. 


ComposiTz. 
Vernonia noveboracencis. 


| Eupatorium purpureum. 


rotundifolium. 
pubescens. 
sessilifolium. 
perfoliatum. 
ageratoides. 
Mikania scandens. 


ce 
“ce 
ce 
oe 


514 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Aster corymbosus. 
‘¢  radula. 
‘¢  spectabilis. 
patens. 
cordifolius. 
undulatus. 
ericoides. 
multiflorus. 
dumosus. 
miser. 
tenuifolia. 
simplex. 
puniceus. 
prenanthoides. 
Diplopappus linariifolius. 
Solidago bicolor. 
ae latifolia. 
coesia. 
puberula. 
stricta. 
speciosa. 
v. angustata. 
neglecta. 
altissima. 
ulmifolia. 
nemoralis. 
gigantea. 
lanceolata. 
Ambrosia trifida. 
Ou artemisicfolia. 
Xanthium strumarium. 
o spinosum. 
Rudbeckia laciniata. 
Helianthus angustifolius. 
2 giganteus. 
divaricatus. 

“ decapetalus. 
Coreopsis trichosperma. 
Bidens frondosa. 

‘¢  cernua. 

‘¢  connata. 

‘¢  erysanthemoides. 
Helenium autumnale, 
Tanacetum vulgare. 
Guaphalium uliginosum. 
Erechthites hieracifolia. 
Cirsium discolor. 

‘¢  altissimum. 

‘¢  vouticum. 
Lappa major. 
Hieracium scabrum. 
Nabalus albus. 
Mulgedium acuminatum. 


LoBELIACEZ. 
Lobelia cardinalis. 
‘¢  syphilitica. 
OROBANCHACEE 
Epiphegus Virginiana- 


ec 


ScROPHULARIACES. 
Gerardia tenuifolia. 
ue quercifolia. 
ae pedicularia. 


Pedicularis lanceolata. 


VERBENACES. 
Verbena urticifolia. 


LABIATE. 

Lycopus Virginicus. 
Cunila mariana. 
Pycnanthemum incanum. 

be 
Hedeoma pulegioides. 
Collinsonia Canadensis. 
Monarda punctata. 
Lophanthus nepetoides. 


GENTIANACEE. 


Gentiana Andrewsii. 
es saponaria. 
Bartonia tenella. 


_.ASCLEPIADACEZ. 
Gonolobus macrophyllus. 


AMARANTACEE. 


Amarantus hybridus. 
vx spinosus. 
rf albus. 


POLYGONACER. 
Polygonum orientale. 


persicaria. 
hydropiper. 
hydropiperoides. 
erectum. v. 
Virginianum. 
tenue. 
articulatum. 
arifolium. 
dumetorum. 


ORCHIDACER. 
Platanthera cristata. 
os ciliaris. 
Goodyera pubescens. 
PoNTEDERIDACEZ. 
Pontederia cordata. 
Heteranthera reniformis. 
Schollera graminea. . 
October. 
HAMAMELACE. 
Hamamelis Virginica. 
Orders 20. 
Species 127. 


lanceolatum. 


Pennsylvanicum. 


LNov. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 515 


List of Ferns. Aspidium thelypteris. 
“ noveboracense. 
POLYPODINE®. AG spinulosum. 
Polypodium vulgare. ei v. dilatatum. 
ue hexagonopterum. if cristatum. 
Allosorus atropurpureus. ra marginale. 
Pteris aquilina. acrostichoides. 
Adiantum pedatum. Onoclea sensibilis. 
Woodwardia angustifolia. Guerin 
re Virginica. 


Botrychium lunarioides. 
Lygodium palmatum. 
Osmunda regalis. 


Camptosorus rhizophyllus. 
Asplenium pinnatifidum. 
oe 


trichomanes. a iene eo 
i eae “: Sage Bie sep 
4 angustifolium. pt 


Botrychium Virginicum. 


“ce Tal Se : 
ae ed lees at Pune Cea yuleatus 
Dicksonia punctilobula. Oe ar 
Woodsia obtusa. In addition. 
cf ilvensis. Echium vulgare. 
Cystopteris fragilis. Aster longifolius. 


Nov. 13th. 
Mr. Lea, President, in the Chair. 


Thirty-two members present. 

The following papers were presented for publication : 

“Description of a new species of Cassidulus from the Cretaceous 
formation of Alabama, by Wm. M. Gabb.” 

“Description of a new Genus and species of Amorphozoa from the 
Cretaceous formation of New Jersey, by Wm. M. Gabb.” 

And were referred to a Committee. 


Dr. Rogers exhibited some experiments to show the decomposing power of 
Carbonic Acid in solution, on bodies containing alkalies and alkaline earths. 
Specimens of several kinds of glass, mica and trap rock in fine powder, placed 
on filters, were treated with a solution of carbonic acid dissolved in water. 
A notable proportion of the alkaline bases was dissolved, as was shown by its 
action on turmeric paper. Dr. Rogers referred to the bearing of this fact in 
Geology, especially the absence of alkalies in the ashes of coal and the disin- 
tegration of rocks. 


Nov. 20th. 
Mr. Lea, President, in the Chair. 


Vifty members present. 


Dr. Fisher exhibited a specimen of Peat, obtained by Mr. J. C. Trautwine 
on the Atrato River, from a bed of leaves. The bed was about thirty feet 
thick, and the specimen exhibited was taken from about fifteen feet below the 
surface. On the surface the leaves were fresh, but were gradually changed 
at different depths, so that the bottom of the bed closely resembled bituminous 
coal. 

Dr. Rogers exhibited Prof. Way’s electric light, produced by the ignition of 


1860. 


‘ 


516 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


a stream of mercury. He also exhibited the original experiment made by Dr. 
Hare several years since, when Dr. Rogers was his assistant, and explained 
the difference between them as consisting in the one light being formed by 
a selfsustaining battery, and the other by a battery transient in its effects. 

Dr. Leidy read a letter from Mr. Robert D. Owen, of New Harmony, 
announcing the death, on the 13th inst., of Dr. David Dale Owen, late 
a Correspondent of the Academy. 

On motion of Dr. Rogers, the Secretary was directed to communicate 
to the immediate relatives of Dr. Owen the regret of the Academy at 
its loss. 

On motion of Dr. Rand, the thanks of the Academy were presented 
to Messrs. Van Amburg & Co. for donations to the Museum, and the 
privilege of giving orders of admission to the Museum on public days 
was granted to the same. 


Nov. 22d. 
SpecIAL MEETING. 
Mr. LEA, President, in the Chair. 


The President announced the decease of our respected Vice-Presi- 
dent, Major Le Conte, on the 21st inst., and stated the object of the 
meeting to be to express the sense of the Academy at its loss. After 
a short review of the character and labors of Major Le Conte, by Dr. 
Fisher, Dr. Elwyn, Mr. Foulke and Mr. Lea, Dr. Fisher offered the 
following resolutions, which were unanimously adopted : 

Resolved, That the Academy has heard with the deepest regret of the death 
of our late esteemed Vice-President, Maj. John Le Conte, who has for so many 
years adorned the ranks of the students of Natural Science in America, and 
who at the time of his decease was one of the oldest naturalists in our country. 

Resolved, That Mr. John Cassin be requested to prepare a biographical notice 
of Maj. Le Conte. 

Resolved, That the Secretary be instructed to send to the family of our de- 
ceased Vice-President a copy of these resolutions. and that they be published 
in the daily journals of this city. 

Resolved, That the members of the Academy will meet at the Hail of the 
Academy at 10 o’clock, A. M., on Saturday the 24th inst., to proceed from 
thence to attend the funeral of the deceased. 


Nov. 27th. 
Vice-President BripGEs in the Chair. 


Thirty members present. 
The following papers were, on report of their respective Committees, 
ordered to be published in the Proceedings : 
[Noy. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 5b 


Descriptions of new species of the Reptilian genera Hyperolius, Liuperus and 
Tropidodipsas. 


BY E. D. COPE. 


HYPEROLIUS FULVOVITTATUS Cope. 


Tympanum concealed. Head elongate, external nares lateral. Internal 
nares circular; eustachian orifices elongate oval. Tongue elongate, deeply 
bifid. Skin of the dorsal region smooth. Tibia longer than femur; fifth toe 
much shorter than the fourth, and longer than the third. Length of head 
and body 104 lines. 

Coloration. Above pale yellowish brown (in spirits), with a light fulvous 
band upon each side, passing from the end of the muzzle to the thigh. 
Two bands of the same color extend one on each side of the vertebral line, 
and passing above the eyes, become confluent on the muzzle. These bands 
are about as wide as the spaces of ground color they enclose. Beneath, light 
yellowish brown. 

Hab. Liberia. Mus. Acad. Nat. Sci. Presented by Dr. Goheen. 


LIUPERUS BILIGONIGERUS Cope. 


Form very stout. Head broad, short, frontal region a little wider than 
each palpebra. Muzzle prominent, very obtuse in profile. Canthus rostralis 
rounded, nostrils vertico-lateral. Eyes very prominent. Tympanum con- 
cealed ; eustachian orifices exceedingly minute. Tongue small, elliptic ob- 
long, entire. Skin above and below very smooth, some granulations upon 
the posterior faces of the femora. A few small glandulous elevations between 
and posterior to the eyes, and upon the anterior part of the back. A pectoral 
fold. Two rounded tuberosities on the carpus; fourth digit shortest, third 
longest. Femora very stout. Tarsus equal to the fore arm in length, fur- 
nished with a minute, acute tubercle near the middle of its posterior face, 
which is not brown tipped; and at its inferior extremity with two transverse, 
compressed tubercles or spurs, which are tipped with brown. Metatarsus nct 
tuberculous, Length of head and body measured beneath, 11 lines; of tibia, 
43 lines. Breadth beneath, from axilla to axilla, 4} lines. 

Coloration. Above marbled with pale rufous brown, with darker markings 
intermixed. These are, a narrow band bisecting each eyelid ; a blotch extend- 
ing from eye to shoulder; ‘a pair of small spots upon the back, posterior to 
the eyes; another larger pair, one behind each suprascapular region; one 
upon each side of the coccyx; a curved band extending from iliac region to 
femur, and a lateral band extending from behind the shoulder, which 
vanishes before reaching the thigh. A pale dorsal line, lightest pesteriorly. 
Beneath, dirty white. 

Hab. Buenos Ayres. Mus. Acad. Nat..Sci. Presented by Dr. Kennedy. 

In Liuperus marmoratus D. & Bi, the tympanum is distinct, and the 
skin is very tuberculous. In L. sagittifer Schm., the frontal region is 
much narrower, and a series of tubercles extends from the eye, posteriorly. 


TROPIDODIPSAS LUNULATA Cope. 

Body much compressed, its vertical diameter near the middle two and a 
half times as great as near the neck. Tail slender, cylindrical, between one- 
fourth and one-third the total length. Head very distinct, elongate, de- 


Nore.—The following papers, viz., ‘‘Mexican Humming Birds, Nos. 3 and 
4,”” by Raphael Montes de Qca, ‘‘ Contributions to the Carboniferous Flora of 
the United States, No. 2,’? by Horatio C. Wood, Jr., and ‘‘Contributions to 
American Lepidopterology, No. 7,’’ by Brackenridge Clemens, M. D., were 
read to the Academy Nov. 20th, but were inadvertently omitted in the minutes 
of that date. 


1860.] 36 


518 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ,ACADEMY OF 


pressed. Muzzle rounded; eye very large, with a round pupil. Rostral plate 
broader than high, its superior border rounded. Prefontals small; post- 
frontals large, bent upon the sides of the head. Vertical large, longer than 
broad, its lateral borders concave. Superciliaries very large, arched; oc- 
cipitals rather broad, their common suture not longer than the vertical plate, 
bounded externally by three temporals. Two temporals in contact with the 
two postoculars. One large preocular not in contact with vertical. Loreal 
single, not longer than high. Nasals two, the nostril between them large. 
Superior labials nine, fourth, fifth and sixth entering the orbit. Inferior 
labials fourteen, second to sixth very narrow; eighth largest. Scales in 
twenty-three rows ; anteriorly four or five, posteriorly thirteen median rows 
weakly keeled. Gastrosteges slightly recurved upon the sides, not angu- 
jated, 204 in number. A divided anal, urosteges 136. Total length 25 in. 
3 lin.; tail 7 in. 3 lin. 

Coloration. Ground, a light greyish rufous (tinged with yellow beneath, ) 
densely punctulated above and below, with rufous brown. The upper surface 
is crossed by about thirty-five transverse crescent shaped, fulvous brown 
vands, bordered with black. Upon the median line anteriorly these are one 
or two scales wide, but become much narrower as they are prolonged obliquely 
backward upon the sides, vanishing upon the third row of scales. Pos- 
teriorly they are broader, and extend to a dark brown spot, which occupies 
the ends of every third pair of gastrosteges. A short, deep brown median 
vitta upon the neck; a spot of the same at the posterior extremity of the 
occipital suture, one upon each occipital, and one upon the posterior part 
of the vertical plate. A light brown band crosses the postfrontal plates, 
extends through the eye, and for a short distance upon the neck, involving 
nearly the whole of the last labial shield, and the upper borders of the three 
anterior to it- Remaining labials and throat light yellow. 

Hab. Honduras. Mus. Smithsonian Institute. Obtained by Mr. A. H. 
Riise, of St. Thomas, W. I. 

Tropidodipsas Gthr. is one of the few genera of Dipsadine serpents 
characterized by the possession of keeled scales. I have referred the present 
species to it with some hesitation, on account of the difference between the 
form of its head and that of T. fasciata. Gfinther states that the head of 
the latter is sborter than that of Dipsas nebulata. In T. lunulata 
the head is more like that of a Herpetodryas. The dentition is isodont. 


Description of a new genus and species of Amorphozoon, from the Cretaceous 
formation of New Jersey. 


BY W. M. GABB 


I received some time ago from Mr. C. C. Abbott, with some other cretaceous 
fossils, a small fossil, that I at once referred tothe Amorphozoa. I was unable 
to decide in what genus to place it. After a careful study of the subject, I 
am satisfied that it cannot belong to any existing genus. It is, however, 
closely related to Siphonia of Parkinson. I propose the generic name 


Desmatocium, Gabb. 


Gen. char. Elongated, regular in form ; tubulate through the whole length ; 
stem robust and with several inflations, but no distinct head. 

D. trilobatum. Pl. 69, f. 39—39 a, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 2nd series, 
vol. 4. 

Length of the fragment 1; inches. Width of smallest lobe 3 of an inch. 
Width of second lobe Z of aninch. The first lobe is somewhat elongate, the 
second is more compressed. There have been at least three lobes, but the 
apper one is broken. 

Near Mullica Hill, N. J. My collection. 


[ Nov. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 519 


Description of a new species of Cassidulus, from ths Cretaz90us formation 
of Alabama. 


BY W. M. GABB. 


C. micrococcus. Pl. 8, fig. 1. Oval, slightly flattened, widest just 
behind the mouth; ambulacral summit in advance of the centre: below 
slightly concave; peristome small, the channels between the tubercles very 
narrow; surface above minutely and sparsely granulate; below covered 
with small, closely arranged tubercles, placed irregularly. 

Ripley Group, Eufala, Ala. 

This species resembles C. equorus of Morton, but is twice or three times as 
large; the upper surface, which is distinctly granulate in Morton’s species, is 
apparently smooth, except under a glass, in this. Below, the tubercles on 
this species are very small, closely and irregularly arranged. In equorus 
they are much larger, and placed further apart. The anal furrow does not 
approach so near the lower margin as in e@quorus. 


Contributions to the Carboniferous Flora of the United States.—WNo. II. 
BY HORATIO C. WOOD, JR. 


CycLopTeris, Brong. 
C. cris pa, nobis. 

Syn. Filicites crispa, Germ. & Kaulf. Nova Acta Acad. C. L. C. Nat. Cur. 
vol. xv. par. ii. page 229, pl. 66, fig. 6, 1831. Adiantites Germari, Gipp, Sys. 
Fill. Foss. Nova Acta, vol. xvii. Sup. p. 218, 1836. Cyclopteris Germari, 
“<Gopp,’’ Unger, Gen. et Spec. Foss. Plant. p. 96, and Pro’. Lesquereux, Geol. 
of Pennsylvania, vol. ii. p. 856. 


C. Wilsonii, nobis. 

Leaf sub-orbicular or subobovate, narrowed at base, thin, plicate; margin 
irregular, incised, fimbriate, especially above; fimbria stout, unequal, often 
bifurcate, sometimes branched ; nerves numerous, thin, close, arsuate, flexu- 
ous, dichotomous. Rachis unknown. 

The nervation of this species, as well as the peculiar form of the fimbria, 
separates it from C. fimbriata, Lesq., C. laciniata, Lesq., and C. crispa, 
nobis. Among the Neuropteris, it is most nearly allied to NV. dentata, of Lesq. 
and may possibly prove to be the cyclopteroid form of that species. In the 
only specimen that we have seen, both of the leaves have one margin folded 
beneath them, and are variously plicated. One leaf, only, has the basal 
margin of one side distinct; this part of the border is not fimbriate, but un- 
dulate, probably, however, there will be found to be a variation in this respect. 
It affords us much pleasure to dedicate this handsome plant to Dr. T. B. 
Wilson, who has done so much for the advancement of natural science in 
America. 

Cabinet of the Academy. 


LEPIDODENDRON, Sternb. 


L. rectangulum, nobis. 

Leaf scar almost a square; angles about 90°; margin moderately broad, 
generally distinct, often slightly raised ; vascular scar broad, sub-rhomboidal, 
with a small triangular depression at its apex and its basal angle rounded, 
but the others acute, situated in and filling up the apex of main scar, 
marked internally with three (often obsolete) dots, which are disposed in a 
curve near its basal angle; appendices distinct, sub-parallel to the margin ; 
medial line not well marked, but with a number of heavy transverse wrinkles. 


1860.] 


520 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


This handsome and distinct species was discovered at Ashland, Schuylkill 
County, Pa., by Mr. T. Guilford Smith, and by him presented to the Academy. 


L.chilalleum, nobis. 

Leaf scar sub-oval, elongate and acuminate above and below, often com- 
municatimg one with another; margins distinct, broad, alternately contracted 
and enlarged for half the length of the scar ; vascular scar sub-rhomboidal, 
their transverse diameter very much exceeding their height, (sometimes four 
times as great); internal markings and appendices obsolete ; medial line, above 
the vascular scar, well marked and furnished with a triangular depression, 
below, almost obsolete, but crossed by a number of heavy transverse wrinkles. 

The form of the ribs ally this plant to ZL. dierochilum, nobis, but the 
internal markings as well as shape of main scar widely separate it from that 
species. 


L. salebrosum, nobis. 

Leaf scar rhomboidal, uneven; margin heavy, raised, irregularly plicate, 
quite flexuous ; angles sometimes rounded, sometimes acute; medial vascular 
cicatrix sub-central, small, in one scar in our specimen marked with two 
very much raised lines, in the form of a cross, (this may be accidental) ; ap- 
pendices and medial line obsolete. 

Cabinet of the Academy. Locality unkown. 


L. uraeuwm, nobis. 

Scars elliptical, very much elongate, caudate and slightly curved above and 
below, impressed with flexuous transverse wrinkles disposed with some ap- 
proach to regularity; margin raised, very narrow, almost linear; vascular 
scar sub-rhomboidal or subtriangular, (in the one case having the basal angle 
acute, in the other, the base merely convex, remaining angles being mostly 
obtuse), situated a little above the centre of the main scar, impressed with 
three dots arranged in a curve near its base; medial line not very distinct, but 
running the whole length of the leaf scar—above the cicatriculus—smooth and 
furnished with a triangular expansion approaching in size to the vascular sear 
—hbelow the cicatriculus—crossed by many heavy transverse flexuous wrinkles ; 
appendices subdistinct, irregularly curved and of considerable length; tuber- 
cles oval, elongate, somewhat acuminate, situated at base of vascular scar, 
and close to the medial line. 

In our specimen the total length of the leafscaris 2 9-10ths inches, being five 
times as great as its breadth. The vascular scar is placed somewhat obliquely in 
the main scar. At the extremities of the latter, the two margins are so ap- 
proximated as to be merely separated by a groove. This species is, perhaps, 
closely allied to ZL. caudatum, Ung. We have never seen Sternberg’s 
figure of that plant, and Unger’s description is excessively meagre: but out of 
the few given characters our specimen differs inthe great rugosity of the medial 
line, as well as in the obtuseness of the angles ofthe cicatriculus. We may 
be mistaken in our idea as to the relationship of the two plants, as Unger’s 
description leaves one so much in the dark. 

Private collection. Found by Mr. John Fulton in the Broad Top Coal Field, 
where it appears not to be uncommon. 


SiciLnariA, Brongt. 


Sub-genus RuyvTipo.epris. 
S.cymatoides, nobis. 

Stem costate ; cost# narrow, convex ; furrows very distinct, marked in decor- 
ticated state, with numerous longitudinal strie, which are also found more or 
less deeply excavated on the ribs; scars somewhat elongate, as wide as the 
ribs, disposed in quincunx, the space between them being a little less than 
half their length, impressed with very numerous transverse strie, their lower 


[Nov. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 521 


half tumified, so as to form, as it were, grooves between them, crossing the 
ribs at au angle of about 60°, (these are much more strongly marked when 
the bark is removed) ; vascular scars three, composed of a central dot with a 
curved linear impression on each side, 

Locality. Hazleton Mines. Cabinet of the Academy. Presented by Matthew 
Baird, Esq. 

S. notata, nobis. 

Phytolithus notatus, Steinh., S. elliptica, Brong. S. attenuata, Lesq. 

We see no character on which Prof. Lesquereux’s species can be separated. 
He says: ‘‘This species, viz. figs. 1 and 2, could perhaps be referred to 
S. elliptica, Brgt. and viz. fig. 3, to S. Sillimanii, Brgt. But the form of the scars 
in figs. one and two is broader and shorter than in the varietjes of S. e/liptica. 
The author (Brongt.) says that ‘S. el/iptica has the scars only half as broad 
as the ribs, whilst in our species they fill nearly the whole breadth.’’’ After- 
wards, when reconciling the three varieties together, he says, ‘‘ But it must 
be remarked with Artis (Anted. Phytol.) that the distance between the scars 
of the leaves, as also the breadth ofthe ribs, is variable on the same tree. 
The ribs enlarge towards the base of the tree and the scars become broader 
and nearer together.’’ Now is not this argument as applicable to the identity 
of S. elliptica and S. attenuata, as to that of the three varieties of the latter. 
which certainly differ as much, if not more, from one another, than from the 
different forms of S. elliptica? The most important character separating the 
two? species, as given by the Professor, is the difference in the pro- 
portion of the width of scars to that of ribs. The breadth of the scars in his 
first variety is certainly very great, but in an English specimen (which we 
doubt not was Steinhauer’s type) now in possession of the Academy, the 
breadth of the scars bears a proportion to that of the ribs almost as great 
as in Lesquereux’s second fig. and much greater than in his third variety. 
Some of the varieties of S. elliptica, Brongt:, figured by Goldenberg, (Flor. 
Saraepont. Fossil.) also scarcely differ in this respect from the second form 
of S. attenuata, and have the breadth greater than in the third variety. The 
Professor remarks: ‘‘The reason for admitting these three specimens as three 
forms of the same species are; * * * * * ¥*, and that they have the 
same general form of scars, ribs, and furrows; the same disposition of scars of 
the vessels either upon their naked surface or the corticated narrow striated 
portion.”’ These are the very reasons which have influenced us in uniting 
the different forms; the specimens in the foreign collection of the Academy * 
possessing these characters in common with Lesquereux’s plates. We have 
elsewhere shown that S. e'liptica, of Brongt., is synonymous with Phutol. 
parmatus, of Steinhauer, and that S. notata, Br., (if it is a good species) is not, 
and therefore propose to call the latter S. Brongniartii. 


Sub-genus SyrivcopenpRon, St. 
8. bistriata, nobis. : 

Stem ecostate ; bark thin, striate; stria very numerous, flexuous, occurring 
in two forms, the one deep and strongly marked, the other small and straighter : 
scars sub-rotund, disposed in pairs about eight lines apart, very small. 

When decorticated, the scars are very elongate, often pyriform, and the 
strie very numerous, small and less flexuous. 

Cabinet of the Academy. Locality unknown. 


Nore.—I take this opportunity of correcting the very numerous typo- 
graphical errors in my recent catalogue. The printer faiied to send to me a 
revise, and errors noted in the first proof were not corrected, and consequently 
misprints abound. The following are the most important : 

Page 436, substitute Catalogue of Foreign Carboniferous, &c., for ‘‘ Cata- 
logue of Carboniferous,’’ &c. ; line 22, their for ‘‘ these’; 1. 33, macrodon for 


1860.] 


522 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


‘*macrodontus.’’ Page 438, 1. 1, Trochophyllum for ‘‘ Trocopbyllum ;”’ 1. 6 
and 7, fertilis for ‘‘ fertilus ;”’ 1. 15, cordata for ‘‘cordala.’’ Page 439, 1. 27, 
triloba for ‘‘trilobus ;”’ 1. 33, Noeggerathia for ‘‘ Neegerathia ;’’ 1. 46, linearis 
for ‘‘lunearis.”’ Page 440, 1. 15, Hawkesbury for ‘‘ Hawkesburg ;”’ 1. 10, 19, 
24 and 29, Gopp for ‘‘Géep ;’”’ 1. 31, oreopteroides for ‘‘ oreopterodes ;’’ 1. 45, 
Pluckenettii for ‘‘ Pluckenetti.’’ Page 441, 1. 12, Lepidodendron for “ Lepi- 
dondendron ;”’ 1. 31, either—or for ‘‘neither—nor.’’ Page 442, 1. 27, Hut- 
tonia for ‘‘ Huttoni;’’ 1. 33, Rhytidolepis for ‘‘ Phitodolepis ;’’ 1. 53, solanota 
for ‘‘solanus,’’ psilophloea for ‘‘ psilophloeus.”’ 


Contributions to American Lepidopterology.—No. ifs 


a 
BY BRACKENRIDGE CLEMENS, M. D. 
BOMBYCID &. 
OYLOTHRIX. 


Fore wings with the tip and inner angle rounded ; inner margin about one- 
half as long as the exterior ; hind margin entire, very:oblique ; woolly toward 
the base, with the hairs curled. The subcostal vein sends off two marginal 
nervules from the cell, one near its superior angle and the other above the 
origin of the discal vein. Exterior to the cell it becomes 3-branched ; giving 
off the apical nervule first near the second marginal and immediately 
subdividing into post-apical and subcosto-inferior. The disco-central arises 
from the middle of the angulated discal vein. The median is 4-branched, the 
posterior arising about the middle of the cell and the branches equidistant, 
except the medio-discal and superior. The fold of the wing is thickened. 
Submedian vein furcate at the base, with a branch to inner margin in the 
basal third of the wings. Hind wings longer than the abdomen, smooth, 
without costal vein, and bristle and socket. The subcostal vein is bifid, in- 
distinctly furcate at its base, its lower branch giving rise to the discal vein, 
which is slightly angulated beneath the origin of the disco-central nervule. 
Median vein 4-branched, the posterior arising about the middle of the cell. 

Head small, rather impacted on the thorax, not depressed, without ocelli. 
Face extremely narrow; eyes small and round. Antenne, basal joint slight- 
ly tufted, the stalk simple from the base to the middle, and thence to the tip 
with extremely short pectinations ; about as long as the thorax. Labial palpi 
cylindric, very short. Tongue wanting. Thorax thick, with long, rather 
erected silky hairs. Abdomen pilose, without apical tuft, and the legs very 
hairy, even to the tips of the tarsi; posterior tibie with two extremely short 
apical spurs. 


O. salebrosa.—Fawn color. Face, labial palpi and breast beneath the 
mouth dark brown. Antenne grayish. Thorax with whitish hairs on the 
disk in front, and a pencil of the same on each side behind tegula. Along 
the base of the nervules of the fore wings is arather broad grayish space, ex- 
tending from the costa almost to the inner margin, with each of the nervules 
marked on both sides by a short brown line, while the nervules are grayish. 
The inner streak of the subcosto-inferior nervule is blackish brown, and on the 
discal vein is a streak of the same hue. In the space between the median 
and submedian veins the wing is reddish brown, mixed with blackish, with 
two blackish points extended into the grayish space on each side of the thick- 
ened fold. Hind wings concolorous, pale Inteous. Legs with whitish hairs, 
tarsi black. 4 


Nore.—The species markéd with an [ *] in the present paper are not in the collection 
of ihe writer; should any one, therefore, recognize the descriptions he will feel much 
obliged for specimens of the insects so marked, 

[Noy. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 523 


The wings of the specimen described are badly denuded from the disk to 
the costa, yet the markings given above are sufiiciently distinct and charac- 
teristic to indicate the imsect hereafter. The genus belongs to the family 
Bombycide. 

Mexico, near Jalapa. 


ARCTIIDA. 
EcpantHEriA, Hubner. 


Fore wings about one-third longer than the hind wings, with the subcosta! 
vein having a single marginal branch from the cell and another midway be- 
tween the post-aPical and inferior nervules ; the latter arises a little exterior 
to the discal vein and the former midway between the apical nervulet and the 
second marginal. The median vein is 4-branched, with the posterior moder- 
ately remote from the penultimate. Hind wings as long as the abdomen, 
with the interior sometimes, dilated and rather caudate; neuration arctie- 
form. 

Head small, depressed, smooth ; without ocelli. Face moderate, retreating. 
Eyes rather small. Antenne serrated in the <j', simple inthe 9. Labial 
palpi short, not extending beyond the clypeus, rather stout and porrected ; 
middle joint short, terminal joint very small. Tongue rather thick, slightly 
longer than the anterior coxe. 

Body stout. Thorax globose, smooth, with scales. Patagia erected, over- 
lapping the front of mesothorax, nearly square. Breast and abdomen smooth. 
Legs thick and smooth, the tibial spur of fore legs moderate, hind tibie with 
two minute apical spurs. 


Table of Species. 


Thorax white. 
With many blackish or brown ringlets. 


Abdomen yellow, with bluish black dorsal spots, Scribonia. 
Abdomen red, with broad blue bands, caudata. 
Abdomen dark blue above, with luteous spots % Gani Hl 
Abdomen luteous, with blue, purple, or green bands 9 } Pe See 
With ten bluish black spots, extrema. 
Without ringlets or spots, obliterata. 
With ocellated spots. 
Abdomen blue, with crimson bands, nigriplaga. 
Abdomen ochraceous, with lateral blue spots. 
Hind wings of ¢\ hardly tailed, simplex. 
Hind wings of <\ with rather long tail, decora. 
Thorax cinereous. Fore wings with white, black bordered 
streaks, incarnata. 


E. Scribonia, Stoll.—White. Thorax and fore wings with numerous 
brown circles, on the latter arranged in five or six illy defined, curved bands. 
Hind wings with a few circles along the exterior margin and a row along the 
hind margin. Abdomen beneath white, with three rows of small brown 
circles ; above bluish black banded with yellow, or orange vellow, with two 
lateral rows of dark margined, whitish spots. Sometimes the thorax, under 
portion of the body, the base and basal margins of the fore wings are pale 
brown. 

Texas. Col. of Capt. Pope, Smithsonian Institution. Ill., Mr. Kennicott ; 
N. Y., Ga., 5. America. 


*E. caudata, Walker.—White. Head dark biue in front, excepting a 
white spot on the face. Antenne dark blue. Thorax with numerous brown 
ringlets, some of which are tinged with pale metallic blue or green. Abdomen 
red, clothed with testaceous hairs at the base; dorsal segments with broad 


1860.] 


524 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


blue bands, which are partly interrupted in the middle, and wholly inter- 
rupted on each side. Knees and tarsi beneath metallic blue. Fore wings 
with five or six oblique bands of small, separated brown ringlets, those along 
the costa are larger and with broader borders, and nearly subquadrate. Hind 
wings with the inner angle prolonged into a short tail. 

Mexico. 


*E. incarnata, Walker.--Gray. Head with a curved white black- 
bordered band in front of the antenne, and with a black border on each side, 
behind, and toward the mouth. Tongue pale testaceous. Palpi red, white 
beneath. Antenne black, white at the base. Thorax with fime slender black 
stripes, the middle one and the inner pair abbreviated in front, accompanied 
with some white and red hairs behind ; a white stripe on each side, widening 
from the head to the fore wings. Breast mostly white. Abdomen dark blue, 
with a red stripe on each side; under side testaceous, with a black stripe 
Femora with red, black-bordered stripes ; tibiz with white stripes ; tarsi with 
red bands. Fore wings with various irregular white black-bordered streaks, 
which are broadest and most oblique along the costa, where the black hind 
border of them is dilated and forms a discal mark ; these streaks are mostly 
red on the under side. Hind wings red [? ] at the base and with two crimson 
macular oblique bands, which on the under side toward the costa are white, 
with black borders. 

Arachnis aulea? Mexico. 


*H. extrema, Walker.—White. Head bluish black in front. Antenne 
black, tinged with blue at the base. Thorax with ten bluish black spots, two 
in front, two behind, and each three of the other six forming two intermediate 
bands. Breast blackish brown. Abdomen bluish black, with a testaceous 
stripe on each side; under side white, with three rows of black spots. Legs 
bluish black, with white streaks and spots. Fore wings with two oblique, 
more or less interrupted dark brown bands, the intermediate spaces with 
various dark brown spots, dots and streaks. 

Male.—Hind wings grayish brown, with two white spots, one costal, the 
other discal ; cilia partly white. 

Female.—Hind wings white, with a few grayish brown submarginal spots 
and marginal dots. 

Mexico. 


*E. obliterata, Walker.—White, stout. Antenne black beneath. Ab- 
domen above luteous, with two rows of white spots; base and tip white. 
Femora and tibie with luteous stripes ; ungues black. Fore wings with four 
oblique bands of connected testaceous ringlets. Hind wings with three more 
indistinct bands of the same, their hind borders slightly emarginate and un- 
dulating, with the inner angle somewhat dilated. 

West Indies. 


*H. nigriplaga, Walker.—White. Antenne black. Thorax with 
greenish or bluish black ringlets. Abdomen dark metallic blue, with crimson 
bands, clothed with blackish brown hairs at the base; tip with white hairs 
on each side ; under side with tawny hairs at the tip. Tibiz with black bands; 
tarsi black, partly white at the base. Fore wings with greenish or bluish 
black ringlets, whose disks are grayish or dingy white; these are largest on 
the borders, very small on the disk or toward the tips of the wings. Hind 
wings with two large black spots on the fore border, hairy, vaulted cylindri- 
cally and each including a tuft along the abdomen, their tails reaching to the 
tip of the abdomen, and each with a large black elliptical spot. 

Jamaica. 


*E. simplex, Walker.—Male. White. Head in front and beneath, 
and palpi blackish brown. Antenne blackish brown, minutely pectinated, 


[ Nov. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 525 


white above. Disk of the thorax with blackish brown ringlets, which vary in 
size and number. Abdomen orange above, white at the tip, with brown and 
white bands at the base, and with a row of blue spots along each side. Legs 
brown, with white stripes ; tarsi with white bands. Fore wings with six 
oblique bands of pale brown ringlets. 

West Indies. 


*E. decora, Walker.—Male. White. Head blue about the eyes; ver- 
tex with a black band, which encloses a whitish spot. Palpi and antenne 
black. Thorax with nine blue ocelli, two in front, then four in a curved band, 
and behind them three which form a triangle. Abdomen luteous, blue at the 
base, and with two rows of transverse blue spots; tip white, with four 
streaks, the outer pair black, the inner pair blue, united hindward. Legs 
with black stripes and bands; tarsi blue. Fore wings with numerous black 
ocelli, which are disposed in six oblique irregular bands; some angular and 
incomplete ocelli along the costa, and a blue mark on the discal are let. Hind 
wings with a black interrupted stripe along the interior border, which termi- 
nates in a rather long tail. 

St. Domingo. 


*E. Cunigunda, Cramer.—Male. White. Head metallic blue in 
front and about the eyes. Thorax and fore wings with dark brown ringlets, 
which on the latter form six oblique bands. Scutellum with two blue spots. 
Abdomen above dark blue, clothed with brown hairs at the base, whitish at 
the tip, with a row of luteous triangular spots along each side; hind borders 
of some of the segments partly luteous; under side slightly testaceous, with 
three rows of blue spots. Femora with a blue spot on each tip; fore femora 
and tibize partly blue; tarsi blue. Fore wings with subquadrate, slightly 
testaceous black-bordered costal spots. Hind wings with the inner angle 
prolonged into a short tail, and having a black spot. 

Female.—White. Palpi partly brown. Antenne black, white at the base. 
Thorax with four pairs of testaceous ringlets of different sizes and shapes. 
Abdomen above luteous, with three blue, purple, green or gray bands; these 
are more or less dilated and connected on each side, and excavated in the 
middle, and in one specimen the abdomen is gray above, with three luteous 
black-bordered stripes. Tibize with brown ringlets; tarsi blackish. Fore 
wings with six oblique bands of connected testaceous brown ringlets, which 
are very variable in size and shape, and are in some cases partly confiuent, 
and in one variety those in the fifth are partly shaded with brown; the bor- 
ders of the costal ringlets, and of a reniform discal ringlet, are darker than 
the others in the wing. The ringlets are still more variable and irregular in 
the hind wings, which are occasionally nearly wholly pale brown. 

Honduras, 8. America. 


Aracunis, Htibner. 


Fore wings nearly one-third longer than the hinder pair, much longer than 
the body. The subcostal vein forms a small costal cell, immediately behind 
the origin of the discal vein, and gives rise to a marginal nervule which sends 
off, near its middle, a short nervulet to the costa; near the tip of the wing it 
sends off the post-apical nervule and behind it becomes bifid. The subcosto- 
inferior arises on a short stalk common to it and the discal vein. The median 
is 4-branched, the medio-posterior being very remote from the penultimate 
branch. Hind wings about equal to the abdomen, broader than the anterior 
pair, with neuration as usual in the family. 

Female.—Head quite small, somewhat depressed, smooth; with ocelli. 
Face moderately broad, slightly inclined. Eyes very small. Antenne simple. 
Labial palpi rather short, scarcely extending beyond the clypeus, but slightly 
curved and ascending, and slightly hairy beneath ; third joint short. Tongue 
exceeding the tips ot labial palpi by one-half its length. 


1860.] 


BLO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Body rather stout. Thorax smooth, with scales. Patagia moderate, trape- 
zoidal, not concealing the vertex. Breast and abdomen smooth except toward 
the base ; legs rather stout, femora downy, the hind tibie having four short 
spurs. 


A. aulea, Hibner.— f. 913-14. Ecpantheria incarnata? Mouse 
gray. Antenne black, whitish at the base. Labial palpi crimscn, with 
whitish hairs beneath. Head with a pale yellowish white band in front, above 
the eyes, black-margined beneath, and a black circle between the antenne. 
Patagia each with a black circle on their edges, and a pale yellowish white 
stripe on the sides of thorax from the head to the base of fore wings. Tegulx 
with two black-marginal lines, and the disk of thorax with a central line of 
the same hue, and one on each side of it that corresponds to the upper one on 
the tegule. Fore wings with six irregular, oblique, pale yellowish white 
streaks along the costa, bordered with black lines, with a black spot on the 
disk beneath the third band. Beneath the median vein the wing is veined 
with black lines enclosing pale yellowish white spaces, and between the 
nervules on the hinder margin is a series of streaks of the same hue, black- 
margined. Hind wings black, crimson toward the base, with a macular band 
of the same hue about the middle of the wing and one on the hinder margin. 
On the under surface of both pairs of wings all the spots are crimson. Ab- 
domen with a dark brown central band widening from the base and margined 
with black, with a band on each side, crimson from the base to the middle 
and thence to the tip luteous. Breast whitish, with a dark brown circle on 
each anterior coxe, which are tinted with crimson internally. All the femora 
crimson internally ; tarsi annulated with crimson. 

Unless Mr. Walker’s description refers to this insect, I think it has not been 
described since the time of Htbner. I have recognized the genus under which 
this author placed it, because I regard the insect as distinct generically from 
Ecpantheria. The two genera are, however, beyond doubt nearly related, 
while at the same time the neuration of the wings shows close relationship to 
the genus Arctia. 

Mexico, near Jalapa. 

ArctiA, Schrank. 


Fore wings with the subcostal nervure having two marginal nervules from 
near the end of the cell, and with a long, narrow costal cell formed between 
the second marginal and subcostal vein, and extended a little beyond the 
origin of the post-apical, or without this cell. The subcosto-inferior nervule 
and the discal vein arises at a common point, and toward the apical portion 
of the wing is given off the post-apical nervule and the apical nervulet. Thé 
median vein 4-branched, the posterior nervule being very remote from the 
others. Hind wings broader than the fore wings, as long or rather longer; 
neuration as usual in the family. Sometimes the neuration of the fore wings 
varies from that of the typical species, in having a single marginal nervule from 
the cell and another between the origins of the post-apical nervule and apical 
nervulet, thus resembling the wing structure in Spilosoma ; in the latter, how- 
ever, the second marginal arises on the interior side of the post-apical. 

Head small, rather sunken on thorax, hairy, and with ocelli. Face narrow 
and hairy. Eyes small. Antenne in the <j shortly pectinated, in the 9 
serrated and sometimes slightly pectinated. Labial palpi porrected, hairy 
and exceeding the clypeus by about one-half their length; the third joint 
subacuate, nearly or quite as long as the second joint. Tongue with slender 
filaments, as long as the anterior coxe. 

Body thick. Thorax covered with thick hair. Patagia rather large, more 
or less overarching the vertex. Breast rather hairy ; legs rather stout, with 
all the femora hairy ; anterior tibize longer than last joint of tarsus, with 
tibial spur concealed, the posterior tibie having four moderate spurs. 


[Nov. 


or 
bo 
~j 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 


Table of Species. 


I. Fore wings black, brown or whitish. 
* Fore wings spotted, not striped. 
a. Fore wings brown. 
Abdomen spotted above with black ; hind wings with 
blue black spots, Americana. 
Abdomen with disk black ; hind wings black-band- 
ed, Parthenos, 
b. Fore wings black or blackish. 
Fore wings with a few spots, Placentia. 
fs with many spots, Virginalis. 
c. Fore wings whitish or fiesh-colored. ; 
Hind wings cinnabar red ; fore wings with large brown 


spots, Caja. 
a6 saffron-colored, Dahurica. 
e flesh-colored or pinkish, Dione. 
** Fore wings striped. Quenselii. 
Fore wings with five stripes, Virgo. 
s with three stripes ; 
Fore wings with the apical veins pale, Virgunceula. 
ue with the apical veins dark. 
Fore wings with a furcate apical stripe, Nais. 
ff with a crucial subterminal stripe, Phyllira. 
Fore wings with two stripes, fervida. 
*** Fore wings with a spot and a stripe. hyperborea. 
Il. Fore wings fulvous or yellow, black spotted. 
Hind wings somewhat cinereous, gelida. 


Mr. Walker regards Caja as common to Europe and the United States, and 
says that ‘‘the white markings in the American species sometimes overspread 
nearly the whole surface of the wing, and in other cases they entirely disap- 
pear. The black spots on the hind wings are almost equally variable.’’ The 
description below is drawn from the European species. 


Fore wings with a long, narrow costal cell. 


* A. Caja, Linn.—Umber brown. Patagia tipped with red. Fore wings 
very pale yellowish white at the base, with four umber brown spots; with 
two pale yellowish white streaks on the costa over the disk and an irregular 
crucial mark of the same hue in apical portion of the wing, consisting of a 
band from the costa to the inner angle, where there is a small brown dot, 
crossed by a broad line from near the tip, beneath which it is angulated, to 
the middle of the inner margin and connected sometimes by a streak along 
the fold with the basal patch. Hind wings red, with three spots in the mid- 
dle of the wing, one on the discal vein; the origin of medio-posterior and 
middle of submedian and three along the hinder margin all dark bluish black. 
Abdomen red, with black dorsal spots. 

California, West coast of America. 


*A. Dahurica, Boisd.—Flesh-colored. Occiput with three black stripes 
from the body and with numerous, black intercostal spots on the anterior 
wings. Posterior wings saffron-colored, with the base and cilia yellow, spotted 
with black. 

California. 


*A. Quenselii, Geyer.—Zutr. Samm. Ex. Sch., 14, 424, f. 847, 8. 
Female. Black. Thorax with four testaceous stripes. Abdomen with two 
testaceous stripes. Fore wings with luteous stripes furcate and confluent 


1860.] 


528 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


toward the tip of the wings. Posterior wing with testaceous stripes connected 
toward the tip. 


Labrador. 


* A. gelida, Moochler, Ent. Zeit. Stell., ix. 17, 3,174. Black. Thorax 
with two yellow stripes. Abdomen yellow on the sides, spotted with black. 
Fore wings somewhat yellowish, with angular black spots. Posterior some- 
what cinereous. 

Labrador. 


With two distinet marginal nervules from the disk. 


A. Virgo, Htbner.—Thorax buff-colored, sometimes tinged with reddish. 
with two black spots, one on each patagium; disk with an oval black stripe, 
andeach of the tegule striped broadly with black. Fore wings black, with 
the margins, the veins and their branches, a broad line along the fold, a 
stripe from the origin of the subcosto-inferior nervule angularly furcate be- 
neath the median vein, an oblique stripe near the tip of the wing, with two 
spots on the costa behind it, and one on the disk, all buff-colored, sometimes 
tinted faintly with reddish. Hind wings red, spotted with large black spots. 
Abdomen red, with a black macular band on the dorsum. 

New York, Nova Scotia. Illinois, Mr. Kennicott. 


With two distinct marginal nervules. Labial palpi little exceeding the clypeus. 


A. Dione, Drury.—Reddish white or flesh-colored. Thorax with twe 
black stripes in front, one on each side at the base of the wings, with three of 
the same hue on the disk, one central and one on each tegule. Fore wings 
with a black stripe along the submedian vein and black cuneiform spots on 
the disk and between the nervules. Hind wings white or flesh-colored, with 
black spots and sometimes with yellow along the margins. Abdomen spotted 
with black. 

N. Y., Ga. Mass., Mr. Scudder. Ill., Mr. Kennicott. 


* A. Virguncula, Kirby.—Black. Thorax buff-colored, with five black 
spots. Fore wings with the margins, the veins and the branches reddish bufi- 
colored. Hind wings luteous, spotted with large black spots. Abdomen 
reddish buff, with a macular band of triangular spots above. 

. New York, Canada. 


* A. Nais, Drury.—Thorax white, with two black spots in front and three 
black stripes. Fore wings black, with three white stripes, the second furcate, 
and oblique, subapical white bands. Sometimes the oblique bands are want- 
ing, as likewise some of the stripes. The veins sometimes testaceous. Hind 
wings yellowish or red, more or less varied with black. Abdomen white, 
with a broad black stripe; sometimes nearly wholly brown. 

Mass. 


A. Phylira, Drury.—Thorax buff-colered, with a short black stripe ou 
each patagium, a broad stripe on the disk, one on each tegule and a short 
one on the sides at the base of the wings of the same hue, Fore wings black, 
with a buff-colored stripe along the costa, deflected at the apical third of the 
wing to the inner angle, a broad stripe of the same hue beneath the median 
vein extended to the hinder margin and turned at an acute angle toward the 
costa. The median stripe is likewise produced along the fold, joining the de- 
_ flected portion of the costal stripe at the inner angle. Inner margin buff- 
colored. Hind wings bright red in the 9, often yellowish red in the <j’, and 
with large black spots in the former, which are frequently almost obsolete in 
the latter. Abdomen red, black above. 

Ill., Mich., Mass., Penn., Texas. Col. of Capt. Pope. Smithsonian Insti- 
tution. 


[ Nov. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 529 


* A. Placentia, Abbott and Smith.—Blackish brown. Fore wings with 
a dot or three pale testaceous spots. Hind wings red, with the margin and 
several submarginal spots blackish brown. Abdomen above red, with dorsal 
spots and the tip blackish brown. 

Georgia. 


* A. virginalis, Boisd.—Abdomen above fulvous, banded with black, 
beneath black. Fore wings black, with about twenty yellowish white spots. 
Hind wings fulvous, with black bands. 

California. 


*A. hyperborea. Eyprepia hyperboreus, Curtis, Ap. Ross. Nar. 2d Voy. 
Ixxi. 17.—Male. Chestnut brown. Fore wings with costal spot and inter- 
rupted streak behind isable yellow. Hind wings with a brown band, a spot 
and the margin ochreous. 

Arctic America. 


*A. Americana, Harris.—‘‘ Fore wings brown, with several spots and 
broad winding lines of white. Hind wings ochre-yellow, with five or, six 
round blue-black spots, three larger than the others. Thorax brown and 
woolly. Patagia edged with white before and with crimson behind. Outer 


edges of tegule white. Abdomen ochre-yellow, with four black spots in the 
middle above.”’’ 


Trenton Falls, N. Y.; Lake Superior. 


Fore wings with a single marginal nervule from the cell and another beyond the 
origin of the subcosto-inferior nervule. 

A. Parthenos, Harris. Var.?—A. Americana, Walker, 607 ?—Thorax 
reddish brown. Vertex and the ends of patagia bright red. Thorax banded 
in front and along the tegulz with pale yellow. Fore wings rather dark yel- 
lowish brown, with two rows of pale yellow, separated spots, one along the 
costa with three nearly joining over subcostal nervules, and one along the 
fold with a stripe at the base of it. Along the hinder margin is an indistinct 
row of pale yellow spots, those in the middle nearly obsolete. Hind wings 
yellow, with a broad black band in the middle furcate externally and a sub- 
terminal undulating one of the same hue, with the nervules between the 
bands touched with black. Abdomen, disk black, the tip somewhat orange 
yellow, beneath reddish. 

Mass. Mr. Scudder. British America. 


* A. fervida, Walker, 612.—Blackish brown. Abdominal segments 
with bright red dorsal bands. Fore wings with a white fringe along the outer 
border; two pale testaceous streaks, one extending in the disk from the base 
to half the length, the other short, oblique, about two-thirds of the length, ex- 
tending from near the fore border into the disk; under side red, with brown 
borders, Hind wings bright red, with very broad blackish brown borders, 
which in their narrowest part are accompanied by a slender brown band; 


under side like the upper side. but without the band. Body 6 lines long ; 
wings 16 lines. 


Guatemala. 


Ecrypia. 


Fore wings about one-third longer than the hind wings, with two subcosto- 
marginal branches from the cell, the second forming a costal cell with the sub- 
costal by a branch which joins it at the origin of the post-apical. The apical 
nervule with a moderate apical nervulet. The subcosto-inferior nervule and 
the discal vein arise on a short common stalk, the latter angulated. The 
median vein is 4-branched, the posterior nervule being remote from the 
others, which are aggregated. The neuration of the hind wings, which are 


1860.] 


530 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


as broad as the anterior pair, is as usual in the family, except that the costal 
and subcostal veins show a tendency to separate at the base. 

Head rather small, sunken, subtufted between the antennez ; without ocelli. 
Face moderately broad, hairy, retreating. Eyes rather small. Antenne 
shortly pectinated in the <j’, serrated in the 2 (?) Labial palpi rather 
slender, subascending, exceeding somewhat the clypeus, slightly hairy be- 
neath, with the second joint slightly larger than the basal, and the terminal 
joint short, globose. Tongue rudimentary. 

Thorax smooth, with decumbent hair. Patagia moderate. Abdomen want- 
ing. Legs smooth ; fore tibie nearly as long as the femora; hind legs want- 
iny. The specimens described are much mutilated. 


A. bivittata.—White. Labial palpi blackish, white beneath. Thorax 
with two lateral black stripes, margined externally by another, luteous. Fore 
wings with a few black spots and short black streaks. On the discal vein are 
two spots and another on the origin of the medio-posterior nervule. At ,the 
extreme base, almost on the costa, are one or two dots and the submedian 
vein is tipped on its end with black. Sometimes a short black stripe in the 
fold at the base and a few black spots near the tip of the wing. Hind wings 
without spots. Tarsi black. 

Imago on wing April 21st. Texas. Capt. Pope’s collection. Smithsonian 
Institution. 


Pa Hypantria, Harris. 


Mr. Walker does not recognize this genus, but refers the species Dr. Harris 
placed in it to Euproctis of Hiibner. The structure of E. auriflua does 
not, however, authorize this step. In it the antenne are deeply pectinated 
in the <j’, the palpi are differently formed, the tongue more rudimentary, the 
costal and subcostal veins in the hind wings distinct to the base, although 
connected in the middle of the cell by an intercostal branch, and in the fore 
wings the second subcosto-marginal nervule arises between the post-apical 
and apical nervulet. The head is without ocelli and the structure of the legs 
in auriflua differs from that in textor. A consideration of these differ- 
ences and the structural agreement of textor with other genera of the 
family Arctiide, the habits and structure of the larva can leave no doubt, I 
think, respecting its true position and the naturalness of the genus. 

The structure of the fore and hind wings, like that in the genus Spilo- 
soma. 

Head moderate, somewhat sunken and woolly; with ocelli. Face tapering 
and vertical. Eyes moderately large. Antenne shortly pectinated in the <j, 
serrated in the 2. Labial palpi rather hairy beneath, scarcely extending be- 
yond the clypeus ; second joint very short, and the terminal joint nearly rudi- 
mental. Tongue nearly as long as the anterior coxe, filamentous. 

Body rather stout. Thorax woolly. Patagia not erected, rather broad and 
flattened. Breast woolly ; abdomen rather smooth. Legs with the femora 
woolly ; tibial spur of the fore legs long and curved ; hind tibie with a pair 
of small apical spurs. 


Table of Species. 
Abdomen white. 


Fore wings without spots, textor. 

Fore wings spotted with black, Cunea. 
Abdomen luteous. 

Fore wings black in greater part, with white veins, Echo. 


H. textor, Harris.—Pure white, immaculate. Antennz blackish brown. 
Palpi blackish. The fore coxe and femora luteous. 
Ga., Mass., Penn. 


[Nov. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 531 


H. Cunea, Drury.—White. Thorax usually unspotted, sometimes with 
a few black spots. Antenne blackish brown. Fore wings with highly varia- 
ble markings ; usually with numerous black spots, sometimes with but few of 
them. Hind wings without spots. Abdomen white, with three rows of 
minute black spots, frequently inconspicuous. The fore coxe and femora 
luteous ; tarsi blackish. 

Ga., Mass., Penn. 


H. Echo, Ab. & Sm.— White. Fore wings mostly black with white veins 
and spotted with black. Abdomen luteous, spotted with black. 


Dr. Fitch in his 3d Report describes two other specimens which are referred 
to this genus. 


Spirosoma, Stephens. 


Fore wings with a single marginal nervule from the cell and another inte- 
rior to the origin of the post-apical nervule ; apical nervule with a nervulet 
to the costa near the tip. The subcosto-inferior and discal vein, which is 
angulated, arise at a common point. Median vein 4-branched, with the pos- 
terior nervule remote from the others. 


Hind wings about equal to the length of the abdomen, with the wing struc- 
ture common to the family. 

Head moderate, rather woolly, somewhat sunken and sometimes depressed ; 
with ocelli. Face moderately broad, tapering. Eyes moderately large. An- 
tenne shortly pectinated in the ,j\, serrated in the 2, sometimes simple. 
Labial palpi more or less exceeding the clypeus, subascendent, hairy beneath : 
the first and second joints usually short, sometimes the joints nearly equal: 
the first joint squamous and ovate or subconical. Tongue slender and as long 
as the anterior coxe. 4 

Body rather stout. Thorax woolly. Patagia usually flattened, sometimes 
erected and somewhat trapezoidal. Breast woolly. Abdomen rather smooth. 
Legs downy or hairy ; tibial spur of fore legs long and curved ; hind tibie 
with two pairs of spurs near the tip, sometimes minute. 


Table of Species. 
Wings white. 
Abdomen with black spots. 
Fore wings with many black spots, 
Fore wings with a single discal dot, 
Abdomen not spotted. 
Fore wings with oblique, imperfect bands of brownish 


dots, congrua. 
Wings fulvous, Isabella. 


S. Isabella, Ab. & Sm.—Fulvous, or brownish ochreous, sometimes 
slightly tinged with reddish. Fore wings with a black spot on the disk and a 
subterminal of the same hue, sometimes faintly banded. Hind wings roseate 
or yellowish tinged with roseate, with two discal black spots and four of the 
same hue along the hinder margin, Abdomen with three rows of black spots. 
Fore femora crimson internally ; tibie and tarsi black. 

This insect usually regarded as belonging to the genus Arctia, certainly 
cannot be included in it, in consequence of structural differences. : 


Acrea. 
Virginica. 


S. acrea, Drury.—White. Antenne black. Fore wings dotted with 
black spots, those along the cost being the largest. Hind wings white in the 
2, and orange yellow in the <j, spetted with black. Abdomen orange yel- 
low above, with the tip white, and with three rows of black spots. 


S. Virginica, Fabr.—White. Antenne blackish brown, with white 


1360 J 


532 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


tomentum. Labial palpi blackish, beneath yellowish. Wings with a discal 
biack dot or dots, sometimes wanting ; under surface of hind pair always with 
a black discal spot. Abdomen luteous above, with three rows of black spots. 
The anterior coxe and femora luteous, the femora with a black spot. 


*S. congrua, Walker, 669.—White. Tarsi with black bands. Fore 
coxe and fore femora luteous, with black spots on the inner side ; fore tibie 
striped with black on the inner side. 

Male.—llead and fore part of the thorax with a slight testaceous tinge. 
Fore wings with four oblique, very imperfect and irregular bands, composed 
of pale brown dots. Body 6-7 lines; wings 16-20 lines. 

Georgia. 


*S. Jussiee.—Arctia Jussiee, Poey, Cent. Lep. Cuba. S. Jussiee, 
Walker, 670. Wings white. The fore wings above and the hind wings be- 
neath with a black point inthe middle. Anterior femora and the abdomen 
at the sides fulvous. Abdomen with quintuple series of points. 

Cuba. Larva feeds on the leaves of Jussiwa erecta. 


Evcu#tes, Harris. 


Fore wings rather broad, trigonate. The subcostal vein gives rise to two 
marginal nervules from the posterior part of the disk, and between the second 
marginal nervule and the apical ts formed a short, costal cell. The post-apical 
nervule arises midway between the costal cell and apical nervulet. The discal 
vein which is angulated and the subcosto inferior are given off from a com- 
mon point. The median vein is 4-branched, the posterior nervule moderately 
remote from the penultimate. Hind wings as broad as the fore wings, with 
the neuration common to the family. 

Head moderate, depressed ; with ocelli. Face inclined. Eyes small. An- 
tenne slightly pectinated in the <j’, serrated in the Q. Labial palpi rather 
stout and ascending on the face nearly to the base of the antenne ; basal and 
middle joints nearly equal ; terminal short, three or four times less long than 
the middle joint. Tongue rather longer than the anterior coxe. 

Body stout. Thorax rather woolly. Breast woolly ; abdomen smooth. Legs 
with hairy femora; anterior tibie nearly as long as anterior tarsi, internal 
spur concealed and half as long as the tibie; hind tibia with two pairs of 


spurs. 


E. Egle; Drury.—Spilosoma Egle, West., Walk. Bluish cinereous. Oc- 
ciput with a narrow luteous line. Abdomen whitish beneath, above dark yel- 
low, with a dorsal and lateral row of black spots. Fore coxe woolly and 
touched at the sides with luteous. 

Mass., Samuel H. Scudder, Esq. New York, Mr. Akhurst. 

The following insect differs from the Massachusetts specimen very curious- 
ly, and I am ata loss how to reconcile the differences between them. The 
fore wings correspond more nearly to Dr. Harris’ description than the speci- 
men from his own State, but the palpi do not agree with those of the species 
he described. The larva of E. Egle is common enough in this vicinity, but 
I have never met with the perfect insect, nor have I been successful in various 
attempts to carry it through its transformations. 

In the Texan specimens the costal cell of the fore wings is longer and nar- 
rower than in the foregoing, and sometimes gives rise to the post-apical ner- 
vule. The head is perfectly smooth ; the palpi are porrected, short; scarcely ex- 
ceeding the clypeus; rather hairy towards the base beneath; the basal and 
middle joints nearly equal; terminal joint globular, and one-half as long as 
the middle. 

The body is rather slender. Thorax and breast perfectly smooth. Legs 
smooth ; anterior tibie scarcely longer than the basal joint of the anterior 


[Nov. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 53a 


tarsi, and terminating in front in a rather long, curved spire, with the in- 
ternal spur as long as the tibie. 


Var.2 E. Eglenensis.—Bluish cinereous. Palpi bright reddish at the 
base, with dark cinereous tips. The occiput and post-orbits are red orange. 
The external edge of the fore wings is pale luteous. The abdomen above is 
bright red orange, with a dorsal row of small black spots and one on each 
side; beneath cinereous. The thorax beneath and the anterior coxe are 
tinged with red orange. 

The imago is on wing during the month of August. 

Texas. Capt. Pope’s collection. Smithsonian Institution. 


Hatesipota, Hubner. Lopxocampa, Harris. 


Fore wings narrow ; the subcostal vein with two marginai nervules from 
the disk, with an apical nervulet near the tip, midway between the origin of 
which and that of the subcosto-inferior nervule arises the post-apical. Median 
vein 4-branched, the posterior nervule moderately remote from the penulti- 
mate. Hind wings, neuration arctieform. 

Head moderate, short, rather woolly ; with ocelli. Face tapering, moder- 
ately broad. Eyes rather large. Antenne slightly pectinated in the <j, ser- 
rated inthe 2. Labial palpi stout, porrected, exceeding the clypeus some- 
what, and squamose; the basal and middle joint about equal; terminal 
joint conical, very minute. Tongue as long as the thorax beneath. 

Body stout. Thorax smooth, with decumbent hair. Patagia erected, 
moderately large. Breast slightly hairy ; abdomen smooth. Legs stout and 
smooth ; the tibial spur of the fore legs rather long, concealed; hind tibie 
with four moderate spurs. 


Table of Species. 


Fore wings banded. 
Fore wings with four bands. 


- with bands black-bordered, tessellaris. 
ee with bands of spots, ' oe We SS 
Fore wings with two bands, fulvo-flava. 
g 


Fore wings not banded. 
Fore wings spotted or sprinkled with dots. 
Abdomen luteous or yellowish. 
Thorax with two brown stripes, Caryea. 
Thorax with six white luteous bordered spots, palpalis. 
Fore wings with indistinct hyaline spots. 


Thorax with three white stripes, bicolor. 
Fore wings streaked with white. 
Abdomen crimson, tip black, strigosa. 
Fore wings mottled with grayish. 
Abdomen red, banded with black, cingulata. 
Fore wings not spotted nor striped, HS ata 


*H, Carye@, Harris, Ins. Mass., 2d ed., 278.—Pale ochre yellow. Thorax 
with the tegule edged with light brown internally. Fore wings thickly and 
finely sprinkled with little brown dots and with two oblique brownish streaks 
passing backwards from the costa, with three rows of white semi-transparent 
spots, parallel to the hinder margin. Hind wings very thin, semi-transparent, 
and without spots. 


*H. annulifascia, Walker, 734.—Pale testaceous. Proboscis and an- 
tenne tawny. Thorax with two tawny stripes, which converge hindward. 
Fore wings with tawny punctures, which are most numerous and partly con- 


1860.] 36 


534 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


fluent on the disk beyond the middle, and with four oblique bands of whitish 
tawny-bordered spots; veinstawny. Hind wings whitish, with a slight testa- 
ceous tinge. 

H. Caryex? 

H. tessellaris, Ab. & Sm.—Pale ochreous yellow. Antenne and 
labial palpi pale orange yellow, the terminal joint of the latter blackish. 
Tegule edged internally with bluish green and with a blackish dot on the mid- 
dle of each in front. Abdomen pale orange yellow above. Fore wings with 
dusky bands edged on each side with a delicate, crenated blackish line, one 
at the base furcate above subcostal vein, one across the middle of the disk, 
one on discal vein extended to the median vein, one across the nervules, some- 
times interrupted in the middle, and one along the hinder margin. Hind 
wings paler than the fore wings. 


*H. fulvo-flava, Walker, 733.—Testaceous, paler beneath. Thorax 
with two tawny stripes, which converge behind, and two tawny spots in front 
between the stripes. Femora and tibie hairy; fore femora and tibie tawny 
above. Fore wings yellow, with a tawny spot at the base, with two oblique, 
tawny bands, with darker borders ; these bands are partly connected, and the 
inner one is especially irregular and ramose, being forked in front and dilated 
in the disk toward the base, and emitting a branch to each border. Hind 
wings whitish, with a slight testaceous tinge. 


H. maculata? 
Nova Scotia, United States. 


*H. maculata, Harris, 279.—Pale ochre yellow. Fore wings with large, 
irregular, pale brown spots, arranged almost in transverse bands. 
Mass. : 


H. bicolor, Walker.—WMale. Reddish tawny. Head white. Antenne 
whitish above. Thorax with three white stripes. Breast white. Fore 
femora and tibie thickly clothed with white hairs. Fore wings testaceous, 
with indistinct hyaline spots. Hind wings white. 

Mr. Walker says the specimen from which this description was drawn, is 
injured, and that it may be a variety of H. anulifascia. 

Mexico. 


*H. insulata, Walker.—Female. Pale testaceous, paler beneath. Head 
with a pale luteous band behind the antenne. Palpi blackish above toward 
the tips. Antenne black, pale Iuteous at the base. Abdomen above luteous. 
Legs blackish ; coxe luteous. Hind wings a little paler than the fore wings. 
Abdomen with rows of black dots ; femora blackish above, whitish testaceous 
beneath. 

Male.—Abdomen unspotted. Femoraluteous, with black tips ; fore femora 
blackish above, except toward the base. 

Jamaica. 

Variety.—Cream color. Palpi black above and towards the tips. Antenne 
black, cream color at the base. Abdomen luteous akove, with three rows of 
black dots. Fore legs blackish above ; middle tibie and tips of the posterior 
femora and of the hind tibie gray. 

St. Domingo, 8. America. 


*H. palpalis, Walker.—WMale. Deep brown. Vertex and front whitish, 
with two brown spots. Palpi with a testaceous band nearthe tips. Antenne 
black. Thorax with six white luteous-bordered spots, two in front, and two 
on each side by the wings, the hind pair elongated. Breast, abdomen and 
legs luteous. Fore tibie and tarsi brown, the former and the fore metatarsus 
each with a broad white band; posterior tibie and tarsi with brown bands. 
Fore wings with four clusters of white and testaceous spots, one at the base, 


[Nov. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 535 


one on each border before the middle, and the largest one extending hind- 
ward from the tip to the inner angle; the testaceous spots are smaller and 
less numerous than the white spots which mostly enclose them. Hind wings 
luteous. 

Jamaica. 

*H. strigosa, Walker.—Head and thorax brown above. Head whitish 
about the eyes, and with a whitish band on the vertex. Palpi brown, whitish 
beneath and toward the tips. Antenne whitish, with two brown bands. Thorax 
with four whitish stripes; fore part bordered with reddish white, and with 
one stripe of the same color. Abdomen crimson, black at the tip, and with 
a row of black spots along each side; under side whitish, with four rows of 
black spots. Legs whitish; femora and tibie striped with brown; tibie 
striped with red. Fore wings brown, with very numerous whitish streaks. 
Hind wings almost limpid, with more or less broad brownish borders. 

St. Domingo. 


*H. cingulata, Walker, 1710.—Red. Abdomen with black bands, 
which are interrupted toward the base. Fore wings thickly mottled with in- 
distinct gray marks. Hind wings a little paler than the fore wings. 

Male.—Palpi with brown tips. 

Female.—Palpi with black tips. Disk of the thorax slightly brownish. 

Jamaica and South America. 


Hypercompa, Stephens. 


Fore wings usually with two subcosto-marginal nervules from the disk and 
and a costal cell formed by the second branch, sometimes much contracted 
and narrow and placed above the discal vein or exterior to the disk; in this 
case there is but one marginal nervule from the disk. The post-apical nervule 
arises either about midway between the end of the costal cell and the apical 
nervulet or from the end of the cell. The subcosto-inferior and discal arise 
at a common point, the latter curved. Median vein 4 branched, the posterior 
nervule remote from the penultimate branch. Hind wings broader than the 
fore wings; neuration arctieform, the subcostal becoming furcate exterior to 
the origin of the discal vein. 

Head moderate, free, smooth; with ocelli. Face and vertex narrow. Eyes 
rather large and prominent. Autenne slender, filiform and ciliated in both 
sexes. Labial palpi somewhat exceeding the clypeus, rather porrected but 
subascending, smooth and toward the base pilose; the middle and basal joint 
nearly equal, the terminal joint quite short and ovate. Tongue as long or 
nearly as long as the thorax beneath. 

Body slender. Thorax smooth. Patagia cylindrical or revolute, scarcely 
ascending above the vertex and pilose. Breast and abdomen smooth. Legs 
rather slender ; the tibial spur of the anterior concealed ; hind tibie with four 
moderate spurs, longer than the hind femora. 


Table of Species. 
Hind wings white. 


Fore wings with white spots, Var. Lecontei. 
' Fore wings with two browu stripes and a 
subterminal band, militaris. 
Fore wings with a white stripe, 
Ze with two white spots, contigua. 
oe with a white subapical band, confinis. 
Fore wings with the costa yellowish or 
brownish, fulvicosta. 


Hind wings luteous. 
Fore wings brown, with white spots and 


stripes, Clymene. 
Fore wings yellowish, margined with ‘ 
brown, interrupto-marginata 


1860.] 


536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Fore wings with a very narrow subcostal cell exterior to the disk, giving rise at its 
end to the second marginal and post-apical nervules. 


H. militaris, Harris.—White. Head, patagia and femora buff yellow. 
Thorax and abdomen with a dorsal brown stripe. Fore wings very variable 
in their markings, usually with a brown stripe along the costa from the base 
not extended to the tip, and one along the inner margin with an oblique band 
extended from it near the inner angle to the tip of the wing ; hind margin 
from the tip to beyond the middle -with a brown stripe. Hind wings without 
spots. 

Variety. H. Lecontei, Boisd.—The fore wings are brown, spotted with 
white, and the hind wings sometimes with a brown dot. 


H. interrupto-marginata, De Beauv., vid. Proceedings, May, 1860, 
p- 161. H. Comma, Walker, p. 652. 


*H. confinis, Walker.—White. Head, prothorax, fore coxe and ab- 
domen at the base luteous. Palpiwith black tips. Antenne black. Thorax 
and abdomen with a brown stripe. Fore wings brown, with a discal, slightly 
angular white stripe, and an elongate-triangular oblique subapical white 
band. 


*H. contigua.—White. Head, prothorax and fore cox# luteous. Palpi 
black, luteous at the base. Antenne black. Thorax and abdomen with a 
brown stripe. Fore wings brown, with a white discal stripe, which widens 
from the base to alittle beyond the middle, and with two large subapical 
white spots. Hind wings with a small brown spot near the hind border. 


*H. Clymene, Esper.—Luteous. Antenne black. Palpi with black 
tips. Prothorax with two brown dots. Thorax with a white disk and a single 
brown stripe. Abdomen most frequently with dorsal brown spots. Fore 
wings brown, with a white angulated stripe at the base, three white spots 
before and a divided subapical one behind. Hind wings frequently with two 
posterior brown spots. 


H. fulvicosta.—White. Palpi yellow orange, tips blackish. Head, 
prothorax, the anterior edge of the fore wings, especially beneath, yellow 
orange ; sometimes the costa of the fore wings is dark brownish. Breast and 
legs yellow orange, the middle and fore tibie and tarsi blackish. Abdomen 
tipped with yellowish orange. 

Illinois. From Mr. Robt. Kennicott. 


PHRAGMATOBIA, Stephens. 


The neuration of the fore and hind wings, (P. fuliginosa), like that in 
Spilosoma. Wings somewhat diaphanous. 

Head rather small, hairy, sunken; with ocelli. Face rather broad. Eyes 
small. Antenne ciliated, in the (j\ serrated, in the 9 simple. Labial palpi 
short, slightly exceeding the clypeus, very hairy; the basal and middle joints 
about equal and the latter thickened ; terminal joint short, ovate and obtuse. 
Tongue not more than one-half as long as anterior coxe. 

Body thick. Thorax with long hair. Patagia moderate, erected and over- 
lapping the mesothorax. Breast hairy ; abdomen smooth. Legs with hairy 
femora ; tibial spur of the anterior concealed; the posterior tibie with four 
spurs. 


*P. vagans, Boisd.—Dark gray or grayish luteous. Fore wings im- 
maculate. Hind wings black; cilie grayish luteous. Beneath the wings are 
cinereous with a black lunule. 

North California. 


*P. assimilans, Walker.—Male. Red. Antenne testaceous. Thorax 


[ Nov. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 537 


with brown hairs. Wings red; veins darker. Fore wings slightly brown 
along the costa and elsewhere, indisinctly sprinkled with pale brown, with 
two blackish dots, one at the base of the anterior inferior veins, the other be- 
tween the first and the costa. Hind wings brighter red, with three black 
dots, two in the disk, and one near the hind border towards the inner angle. 

Variety.—Fore wings almost wholly brown. Hind wings with a broad, 
blackish submarginal stripe. 


*P. albicosta, Walker.—Blackish brown. Antenne black. Thorax 
in front with a white band, which is most apparent ou each side. Fore cox 
with red stripes. Costa of the fore wings white. 

Male.—Abdomen above with red, half interrupted bands ; tip thickly tufted 
with white hairs. 

Female.—Abdomen above bright red, with black dorsal dots ; tips white? 

Mexico. 


*P. "tu liginosa, Stephens.—Fore wings reddish fuliginous or dark red-, 
dish brown, with a black spot beyond the middle. Hind wings blaek or dull 
pink, with hind margin black; cilia pink. Abdomen with three rows of black 
spots. The fore femora bright pink. 

St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay and Europe. 


LITHOSIIDZ and GLAUCOPIDID. 


LycomorpHa, Harris. 


Wings narrow. Fore wings nearly fusiform. Near the posterior end of the 
disk the subcostal vein gives rise to two marginal nervules and two nearly 
equidistant exterior to the disk. Without post-apical nervule. The subcosto- 
inferior nervule and the discal arise on a common stalk, the latter angulated 
in the middle and receiving the discal fold. The median vein is 4-branched, 
the posterior arising at a point opposite the middle of the space between the 
first and second marginal nervules. Hind wings without costal vein. Sub- 
costal bifid near the tip. the lower branch giving rise to an oblique discal. 
Median vein 3-branched, the superior nervule receiving the discal fold. 

Head smooth, free, without ocelli. Face rounded. Eyes moderate. An- 
tenn a little shorter than the body, biserrated or very minutely pectinated. 
Palpi short, little exceeding the clypeus, cylindric, porrected ; the basal joint 
long, nearly equal to the front; the middle and terminal joints equal, very 
short and ovate. Tongue a little longer than the thorax beneath. 

Body slender, nearly cylindrical, not metallic. Patagia scale-like. Hind 
wings equal in length to the body. Legs rather slender; fore tibie with a 
short concealed tibial spur; hind tibie with one middle spur and two moder- 
ate apical spurs. 


L. Pholus, Fabr.—Bluish black. The tegule and the basal fourth of 
the wings Iuteous. 
Nova Scotia, Mass., Penn. 


CrenucHa, Kirby. 


Wings broad, or narrow, elongate-trigonate. Fore wings with the subcostal 
vein giving rise near the posterior end of the disk to a single marginal nervule, 
and another exterior to the disk and nearer to it than to the post-apical ner- 
vule, which is given off near the apical nervulet. The subcosto-inferior ner- 
vule and discal branch from a common stalk, the latter straight and the discal 
fold received by the medio-superior nervule. The median vein 4-branched, 
the posterior much behind the marginal branch, and rather remote from the 
penultimate. Hind wings without costal vein; subcostal bifid, with the dis- 
cal given off from the fork and receiving the discal fold at its angle. Median 


1860.] 


538 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


vein 4-branched, with the posterior remote from the other branches, which 
are aggregated. 

Head moderate, free, neck distinct, slightly hairy above : with ocelli. Face 
smooth, rather narrow. Eyes moderately large, prominent. Anterne about 
one-half as long as the body, deeply pectinated in the ,j’, slightly pectinated 
in the 2. Palpi porrect, exceeding the front somewhat, squamose; basal 
joint slightly hairy ; the basal and middle joint nearly equal; the terminal 
shorter, acuminated. Tongue as long or nearly as long as the thorax 
beneath. 

Body cylindrical, slender, more or less metallic. Patagia scale-like. Hind 
wings equal to the body in length. Abdomen with a lateral tubercle on the 
basal segment. Legs rather slender ; fore tibie with a short tibial spur; hind 
tibie with four moderately long spurs. 


Table of Species. 


Head above orange yellow. 
Fore wings with costa luteous. 


Cilia white ; wings broad, Latreillana. 
Cilia blackish ; wings narrow, fulvicollis. 
Head red or crimson. 
Fore wings with four yellowish white stripes, venosa. 
Fore wings with a white costal and discal stripe, ruficeps. 
Fore wings without stripes. 
Wings blackish; fringes white, rubriceps. 


Wings broad ; palpi porrect ; post-apical nervule interior to apical nervulet. 


C. Latreillana, Kirby.—Dark brown or blackish brown. Palpi pale 
orange, tips blackish. Face dark blue. Head above, prothorax beneath and 
the tegule in front pale orange. Thorax and abdomen dark metallic blue. 
Wings with whitish cilia, except in the middle. The fore wings in the 9 
have the extreme costa luteous. 


Wings moderately broad ; antenne moderately pectinated. 


*C. rubriceps, Walker.—Dark brown, black. Head and palpi towards 
the base clothed with bright red hairs. Wings fringed with white. Fore 
wings with blackish veins. Hind wings bluish black. Abdomen of the </ 
sericeous green above. 

New Grenada. 


Wings moderately broad; post-apical nervule interior to apical nervulet. 


C. venosa, Walker.—Dark brown, black beneath. Head above, protho- 
rax beneath, clothed with bright red hairs in the <j‘, and with yellow hairs in 
the 2. Face dark blue. Palpi blackish, base bright red. Patagia and tegule 
in front striped with yellow, the latter likewise on the superior edge. Wings 
fringed with white. Fore wings with four yellowish white stripes ; the first 
costal, second on the subcosto-inferior nervule, third on the median vein, ex- 
tended to the two middle branches; fourth on the submedian vein. Hind 
wings and abdomen of the °f‘ dark bluish black, of the 9 blackish. 

Mexico, Texas. Capt. Pope’s collection. Smithsonian Institution. 


*C. ruficeps, Walker.—Blue. Head above and thorax in front beneath 
clothed with crimson hairs. Palpi black, with crimson hairs towards the 
base. Thorax with a lappet on each side and a white spot on each shoulder. 
Legs white beneath. Wings blackish brown, blue at the base. Fore wings 
with a white costa and a white interrupted stripe extending from the base to 
near two-thirds of the length in the disk. Hind wings with a white discal 
stripe tapering from the base to half the length. 

Mexico. 


[ Noy. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 539 


Wings long, narrow; fore wings opaque, post-apical exterior to apical nervulet ; 
hind wings hyaline in the middle. Palpi curved. 


C. fulvicollis, Hiibner.—Glaucopis (Ctenucha) semidiaphana, Harris, 
Cat. N. A. Sphin., 38, 4. Slate-colored or blackish brown. Antenne bluish 
black. Palpi, basal joint ochreous, the other joints blackish. Head above, 
patagia, prothorax beneath, tegule in front and a stripe beneath the fore 
wings ochreous or orange. Fore wings with a luteous stripe along the ex- 
treme costa. Wings with cilia of the general hue. Abdomen bluish black, 
scarcely metallic. 

Illinois. Mr. Kennicott. 


AcGuaoPE, Latr., Boisd. 


Wings extremely narrow. Hind wings ovate-lanceolate, narrower than the 
fore wings ; length much less than that of the body; length of the fore wings 
somewhat more than that of the body. The disk of fore wings closed by a 
very faint, irregular vein, with two disco-central nervules; subcostal vein with 
a single marginal nervule from the posterior end of the disk and with the 
apical branch trifid near the tip of the wing or bifid with a long fork. Median 
vein 4-branched, with the posterior scarcely remote from the penultimate. 
Fold of the wing thickened from the base to the tip. Submedian with a short 
fork at the base of the wing. Hind wings without costal nervure ; subcostal 
bifid, with an oblique discal vein arising near the base of the lower branch, 
and angulated above the medio-superior nervule, where it receives the discal 
fold. Median vein 4-branched, with nervules nearly equidistant. 

Head rather small, free, smooth ; with large ocelli. Face smooth, rounded, 
rather narrow. Eyes rather small, scarcely prominent. Antennz with bases 
approached, much shorter than the body, rather deeply pectinated in the <j, 
less pectinated in the 2. Palpi very minute, filiform, drooping, with only 
two distinct joints ; terminal joint acute. Tongue about as long as the thorax 
beneath. 

Body extremely slender, cylindrical, not metallic. Patagia cylindrical, 
minute. Abdomen without lateral tubercle, tufted at the tip and along the 
sides. Legs extremely slender; fore tibie without tibial spur; hind tibie 
with two very minute apical spurs. 


A. Americana, Boisd., Griff. An. Kingd. Lep. Procris Americana, 
Boisd., 5. G. Lep., i. pl. 16, f. 7; Guer. Icon. Rég. An. Ins., pl. 84, bis. f. 11. 
Procris dispar, Har., Cat. P. Americana, Har., Cat. N. A. Sphin., p. 35. 
Ctenucha Americana, Walker, 286.—Blue black. Prothorax above entirely 
fulvous or orange. 

Mass., New York, Penn., Ga. 


Subcostal vein exterior to the disk, trifid; apical branch with a long fork. 


A. coracina.—The specimens are imperfect and denuded. The entire 
insect is black, without the orange colored prothorax of Americana. 
Texas. Capt. Pope’s collection. From Smithsonian Institution. 


ACOLOITHUS. 


The following insect greatly resembles Americana in appearance and 
almost exactly in ornamentation. It must, however, be very distinct from it. 
The wings are extremely narrow. Hind wings broader than the fore wings, 
less ovate than in Americana, and rounded at the interior basal angle; 
length rather more than that of the body. The disk of the fore wings is closed by 
a rather faint, irregularly oblique vein, with one disco-central nervule, and an- 
gulated at the medio-superior nervule, where it receives a rather faint discal 
fold. The subcostal vein with three equidistant, moderately erect marginal 


1860.] 


549 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


nervules from the disk, with the apical vein simple. Median vein 4-branched, 
with the posterior nervule and the marginal opposite at their origins. The 
fold is thickened and the submedian vein simple. In the hind wings the sub- 
costal vein shows a tendency to separate into two veins from its point of bi- 
furcation towards the base of the wing and resembling two veins crossing each 
other ; exterior to the point of bifurcation and a little behind the middle of 
the lower branch arises a decided, curved discal vein which receives, just above 
the medio-superior nervule, a decided or thickened discal fold. The median 
vein is 4-branched, with the two posterior branches equidistant from the 
second one. 

Head moderate, free, smooth; with large ocelli. Face broad, rounded. 
Eyes rather small, round and scarcely prominent. Antenne nearly as long as 
the body, moderately pectinated in the (', minutely pectinated in the 9. 
Palpi equal to the front, filiform, porrected, distinctly 3-jointed and with joints 
nearly equal; terminal joint obtuse. Tongue about one-half as long as the 
the thorax beneath. 

Body short, rather slender, not metallic. Patagia very minute. Abdomen 
as long as the thorax beneath, not tufted at the tip and scarcely tufted along the 
sides, with a minute, lateral tubercle on the basal segment. Legs extremely 
slender and rather short ; fore tibia with a slender tibial spur from the mid- 
dle; hind tibiz with two minute apical spurs. 


A. falsarius.—Black. Prothorax fulvous, especially on the sides, with 
a point on the median line black. Hind wings rather thin. 
Penn.; [ll., from Mr. Kennicott. 


Procris? Facr. 


Fore wings somewhat fusiform. The subcostal vein with two distinct, rather 
/ong marginal nervules, with apical vein simple, with two disco-central nervules. 
The median 4-branched, the medio-posterior opposite the first marginal ner- 
vule and the two upper branches on the line of the discal vein, which is 
straight. The fold of the wing is thickened from the base to the tip. Sub- 
median simple. Hind wings not as broad on the fore wings at their broadest 
part, ovate. Thesubcostal vein is bifid, the lower branch giving rise to a de- 
cided rather oblique discal vein and which is angulated above the medio- 
superior nervule, where it receives the discal fold. Median vein with four, 
equidistant nervules. 

Head moderate, advanced, but without decided neck; with rather large 
ocelli. Face moderate, oblique and projecting tubercularly at the base of 
the antennex, and in the middle. Eyessmall. Antenne incrassated at the tip, as 
long as the thorax beneath, with rather deep pectinations in the <j’, serrated or 
minutely pectinated in the 9. Palpi rudimental, tubercular. Tongue rudi- 
mental. 

Body rather thick, short. Patagia rather elevated, consisting of two trans- 
verse plates rounded above, making the prothorax more than ordinarily wide 
above. Abdomen ovate, without apical tuft, less long than the thorax be- 
neath. Legs short and slender; fore tibis unarmed; hind tibie with two 
very minute apical spurs. 


P.? Smithsoniana.—tThe entire insect is greenish black; immaculate. 
Texas. Capt. Pope’s collection. From the Smithsonian Institution. 


MALTHACA. 


Fore wings rather broad, obovate; the discal cell broad behind, fusiform. 
The subcostal vein sends two short nearly erect marginal nervules to the costa, 
and from the superior angle of the disc arise two long nervules, on a short 
common stalk, the lower one of whichis the apical, but delivered rather above 


[Nov. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 541 


the tip. The disval vein is rather faint and gives rise to two disco-central 
nervules, the upper one rather on the costal side of the wing. Median vein 
4-branched, the posterior nervule arising a little behind the first marginal 
branch. The fold is thickened and the submedian shortly forked at the base. 
Hind wings ovate ; as broad as the fore wing and in length equal to that of 
the body. Without costal vein. Subcostal is furcate, the lower branch giving 
rise at an obtuse angle to a thickened discal vein, which is angulated above 
the medio-superior nervule, where it receives the discal fold, and above this is 
given off a single disco-central nervule. Median vein 4-branched, with branches 
equidistant, except the two superior ones. 

Head moderate, free, vertex rather elongated, smooth; ocelli large. Face 
moderately broad, rounded, slightly protuberant. Eyes rathersmall, scarcely 
prominent. Antenne with bases almost united, rather thick, but tapering at 
the tips, pectinated. Palpi extremely short. Tongue about one half as long 
as the thorax beneath. 

Body slender, cylindrical. Patagia minute, rolled. Abdomen not tufted at 
the tip or on the sides, about one half the length of the body beneath. Legs 
slender ; fore tibize with a short concealed spur on its middle; hind tibiz with 
two extremely minute apical spurs. 


M. perlucidula. Blackish brown. Wings slightly transparent. Fore 
wings with the basal half luteous above the fold. Hind wings luteous along the 
costa from the base to the middle. 

Ill., Mr. Kennicott. Md., Dr. Morris. 


Crocora, Hubner. 


Fore wings rather broad, trigonate. The subcostal vein, almost above pos- 
terior end of the disk, gives rise to a single marginal nervule, and the apical 
branch is trifid at the tip ; and sometimes with a second short marginal branch 
from about the middle of the apical nervule. The subcosto inferior and the 
discal arise on a short common stalk, the latter vein angulated. The median 
is 4-branched, with the posterior remote from the others. Hind wings rounded, 
broader than the fore wings, with the costal and subcostal veins from a com- 
mon stalk, the former simple and the latter bifid, with an angulated discal 
vein from the point of bifurcation. Median with three branches, the posterior 
remote. 

Head moderate, free, smooth; ocelli small. Face moderate, fiat, smooth. 
Eyes rather large, prominent. Antenne not more than half as long as the 
body, rather stout, setaceous and slightly setose. Palpi rather slender, por- 
rected, exceeding the clypeus by at least one half their length, and pubescent ; 
the terminal joint pointed and slender, about one half as long as the middle 
joint. Tongue slender, about one half as long as the anterior coxe, or rudi- 
mentary. 

Body smooth, rather slender; length less than that of the hind wings. 
Patagia scale-like. Bhromen smooth, beneath one half as long as the body. 
Legs rather slender; fore tibiz with a short, concealed, maaale spur ; hind 
tibie with four short spurs. 

Somewhat allied to the Arctiide. 


Table of Species. 
Wings with a discal dot. 
Abdomen ferruginous, with dorsal and black dots, ferruginosa. 


Abdomen rose color, brevicornis. 

Abdomen reddish brown or fulvous, rubicundaria. 
Wings without discal dot. 

Abdomen red, with a black stripe, laeta. 

Abdomen testaceous ; wings subhyaline, cupraria. 


C. rubicundaria, Hiibner, Samml. Ex. Sch. iii. 26, 256, f. 511, 5, 12. 
1860.] 


542 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Arctia rubricosa: Harris, Ins. Mas. 2d ed. 274. Fulvous or reddish brown. 
Antenne fulvous, blackish on the sides. Fore wing sometimes with a brown 
discal spot. Hind wings more or less red, with a more or less distinct margi- 
nal black band, sometimes absent, and sometimes with a dark brown discal 
dot. 

Fore wings with a second marginal nervule on the middle of the apical. 


Variety? Yellowish. Fore wings without discal dot. Hind wings with a 
discal dot and rather broad, distinct dark brown marginal band. 


C. brevicornis, Walker, 536. Fawn color or luteous fawn color. An- 
tenne black, short. Abdomen rose color. Fore wings rosy beneath. Hind 
wings rose color, with an indistinct and sometimes quite obsolete brown stripe 
in the hind border, and a brown dot in the disk. Body 24—3} lines long; 
wings 8—10 lines. 

I have specimens which correspond very nearly to the above description. 
The anterior portion of the body is luteous, as are the fore wings, but com- 
bined with a reddish hue, Hind wings cinnabar red, without marginal band 
or discal spot, and in one specimen the terminal joint of the palpi is blackish. 

Ill., Mr. Kennicott. 


C. ferruginosa, Walker, 535. Ferruginous. Abdomen pale ferruginous, 
with a row of dorsal black dots. Hind wings pale ferruginous, with a blackish 
dot in the disk, and two or three blackish spots along the border. Length of 
the body 33—4 lines; of the wings 10—11 lines. 

It is possible this insect may be the rubricosa of Harris. I have specimens 
which agree in general with Mr. Walker’s description, but they possess 
noticeable differences in structure as compared with the others described pre- 
viously. In these the tongue is rudimentary ; fore wings with a second marginal 
branch in the middle of the apical nervule. In every other particular the struc- 
ture conforms to that of the genus. These differences may be sexual. In 
ornamentation they are reddish brown, scarcely ferruginous, and in addition 
to the discal dot, havea rather faint dark brownish band crossing the nervules. 
Hind wings rather paler than the fore wings, one specimen with a blackish 
discal spot, the other without it, and faint blackish spots along the margin 
near the inner angle. 

My own impression is that rubicundaria of Hiibner and rubricosa of Harris 
is a variable insect, and that ferruginosa of Walker, and perhaps brevicornis, are 
not true species. I am much more uncertain, however, respecting the latter 
than the former. 


*C. cupraria, Walker, 536. Testaceous. Fore legs mostly brown. 
Wings slightly rosy testaceous, subhyaline, with a slight cupreous tinge 
towards the tips. Length of the body 3—4 lines ; of the wings 9—11 lines. 

Jamaica? S. America. 


*C. laeta.—Lithosia laecta, Boisd. Guer. Icon. Rég. An. Ins. pl. 88, f. 6, 
p- 519. C. laeta, Walker, 537. 

Grayish black. Tongue testaceous. Abdomen red, with a black stripe 
which is broader beneath than above. Fore wings red along the costa. Hind 
wings red, with a broad grayish black border. Length of the body 3 lines; of 
wings 9 lines. 

N. America? 

Atoitmis? Hiibner. 

Fore wings rather elongated, subelliptico truncate. Disk rather narrow 
closed by a very faint vein. Subcostal vein remote from the costa, with two 
marginal nervules from near the middle of the disk rather erected, and another 
exterior to the disk, between it and the furcate apical nervule. Thesubcosto- 
inferior and discal from a short common stalk. Median 4-branched, the pos- 
terior remote from the others, arising interiorly to the first marginal nervule. 


[Noy. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 543 


Hind wings much broader than the fore wings ; with the costal and subcostal 
veins from a common stalk, the latter bifid beyond the disk, which is closed 
by a faint vein. Median vein 3-branched, the two superior on a common 
stalk, which becomes bifid opposite the fork of the subcostal. 

Head rather small, free, smooth; without ocelli. Face moderate, flat, 
smooth. Eyes moderate, prominent. Antenne simple, setose in both sexes ? 
Palpi moderate, recurved, but little exceeding the clypeus, squamose; the 
basal joint tumid, and about equal to the middle joint, which is cylindric ; the 
terminal joint slender and nearly equal to the middle joint. Tongue slightly 
more than one half us long as the thorax beneath. ; 

Body moderately thick, rather less than the length of the hind wings. Pa- 
tagia small, nearly cylindrical. Abdomen beneath one half the length of the 
body. Legs rather stout; fore tibie with a short spur at the base; hind 
tibie with four moderate spurs. 


A.? miniata. Lithosia miniata, Kirby, Faun. Bor. Am. iv. 305, 1. Gnopria 
vittata, Harris, Ins. Mas. 2d ed. 262. Scarlet or yellow tinged with scarlet. 
Antenne black. Palpi tipped with black. Fore wings with three broad slate 
colored or lead colored stripes, the first near the costa; the third near inner 
margin; the second short in the middle of the wing posteriorly. Hind wings 
blackish slate colored, scarlet or pinkish at the base. Abdomen black with a 
broad scarlet stripe beneath. 


Nouparia? Haw., Steph. 


Wings rather broad, semi-diaphanous, rounded. In the fore wings the sub- 
costal vein forms a large subcostal cell over the discal vein, giving rise about 
the middle of the cell above to a marginal nervule, and beneath to the sub- 
costo-inferior and discal vein, the latter having a disco-central nervule. At 
the apex of the cell behind, the vein becomes trifid, dividing into a marginal, 
post-apical and -apical nervules, the latter with a nervulet from its middle. 
Hind wings about equal to the body in length; without costal vein ; subcostal 
vein with a marginal nervule arising from the disk near the discal vein, and 
becoming bifid exteriorly at a point remote from the discal vein; with a disco- 
central nervule. Median 3-branched, with the posterior nervule somewhat 
interior to the origin of the marginal nervule. 

Head free, rather small, smooth ; without ocelli. Face smooth, rather nar- 
row, clypeus prominent. Antenne setiform, moderately long, scarcely ciliated 
in the males. Palpi slender, slightly curved, but little exceeding the clypeus, 
slightly hairy at the base; the basal joint twice larger than the middle; ter- 
minal joint minute, ovate. Tongue as long as the thorax beneath. 

Body slender. Patagia nearly obsolete. Legs rather long and slender; 
fore tibie unarmed ; hind tibie with four spurs, the middle pair short. 

Eggs globular, pale yellow ; producing larvze one week after deposition. The 
larva in escaping from the egg is geometriform, with ten legs. This refers to 
the species described below which differs sufficiently in structure from the 
European N. mundana, it appears to me to authorise the separation of our 
species from the group containing the European species. It may belong to the 
Geometrina. 


N. mendica, Walker, 576. Pale yellowish. Fore wings with the costa 
at the base frequently touched with ochreous, with two irregular oblique 
blackish, sometimes pale grey, bands, composed of large spots; one on the 
middle of the disk, and the other crossing the nervules, and a single spot of 
the same hue near the hind margin in the medio-central interspace, sometimes 
connected with the posterior band. 


Penna., N. Y. 
PsycuomorpHa, Harris. 


‘Antenne in the male pectinated on both sides, the pectinations rather 


1860 ] 


544 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


short, simple in the female. Proboscis moderate, spirally rolled. Palpi slen- 
der, nearly horizontal, extending a little beyond the clypeus, covered with 
loose hairs so as to conceal the joints. Wings short, somewhat triangular, 
with the outer margins rounded ; discal areolet of the hind wings short, closed 
by a sinuous vein. Body slender, hairy at the tip. Legs short, hairy; spurs 
of the hind tibie three, slender, nearly concealed by the hairs. 


*P. Epimenis, Drury. ‘‘ Brownish black. Fore wings sprinkled in spots 
with light blue scales, which form a narrow band near the hinder margin, and 
marked with a large yellowish white patch beyond the middle. Hind wings 
with a broad dark orange-red band behind the middle. The white spot of the 
fore wings is indented towards the middle of the wing, and on the under side 
there is a small triangular spot near the base of the wing, and a short trans- 
verse one beyond it which unites behind with the angular projection of the 
large white patch. Expands rather more than one inch.”’ 


Cosmosoma, Hubner. 


Wings mostly hyaline. The subcostal vein of the fore wings is adjacent to 
the external margin, with a single nervule from the disk arising at a point 
midway between the medio posterior branch and its penultimate. The apical 
branch beyond its middle sends off the post-apical nervule and near its tip an 
apical nervulet to the costa. Median vein 4-branched. Hind wings about 
half as long as the fore wings; without costal vein; subcostal bifid from the 
origin of the discal vein. which is very obliquely inclined towards the base 
and curved above the median where it receives the discal fold. Median vein 
bifid exterior to the disk, with the lower branch furcate at its tip. 

Head moderate, smooth, neck not distinct; with ocelli. Face moderate, 
smooth, vertical. Eyes moderately prominent. Antenne rather more than 
one half as long as the body, pectinated to the tips in the <j, less so in the 2. 
Palpi rather stout, curved, exceeding the face, smooth, but hairy at the base; 
basal and middle joints nearly equal; terminal small and conical. Tongue 
equal to the thorax beneath. 

Body scarcely equal to the fore wings in length, rather slender, nearly linear. 
Patagia small. Legs moderately stout, smooth ; fore tibie with a moderate, 
concealed spur from the base; hind tibie with four rather.small spurs. 


C. Omphale, Hiibner. Bright red. Antenne black, with white tips. 
Head blue. Thorax most frequently striped with black. Abdomen with a 
black dorsal stripe, and the tip black, varied with blue. Wings margined with 
black and with black veins. 

Fla., Mexico, near Jalapa. 


ORMETICA. 


Wings opaque. Fore wings rather narrow, equal in length to that of the 
body ; hind margin very obliquely rounded, with the inner angle opposite the 
middle of the costa. The subcostal vein is adjacent to the costa, and gives 
rise to a marginal nervule from the disk nearly opposite the penultimate 
branch of the median vein, and another exterior but near to the disk. The 
post-apical arises just exterior to the second marginal nervule, and the apical 
is bifid at its posterior third. The discal vein and the subcosto-inferior arise 
at a common point, the former very obliquely inclined to the base, but straight. 
The median is 4-branched. Hind wings extremely short, not one half as long 
as the anterior; without costal vein ; subcostal vein arched, with a marginal 
nervule from the point of origin of the discal, and bifid at the tip much exte- 
rior to the cell. Discal vein vertical. Median 3-branched. 

Head rather large, smovuth, free; with small ocelli. Face tapering, smooth, 
vertical. Eyes rather large, prominent. Antenne wanting. Palpi curved, 
cylindrical, ascending to the middle of the front, stout, smooth ; basal joint 


[ Nov. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 545 


short, rather hairy beneath; middle joint smooth, rather thickened in the 
middle and about four times as long as the apical joint; terminal joint very 
short, ovate. Tongue as long as the thorax beneath. 

Body not metallic, rather stout, equal in length to the fore wings, smooth. 
Patagia moderate, decumbent, and overlapping the meso-thorax. Abdomen 
tapering at the tip, more than one half as long as the body beneath. Legs 
smooth, rather stout; tarsi roughened with spines ; fore tibie with a stout 
internal spur from the base ; hind tibie with four spurs. 


O.sphingiformis. Bluish black. Face with ablueband. Body with 
a yellow stripe on each side extending from the head to the tip of the abdo- 
men. Palpi blackish, whitish at base and on the second joint beneath. Fore 
wings with the extreme costa from the base to beyond the middle yellow, with 
a broad stripe of the same hue from the base to the hind margin beneath the 
tip, somewhat contracted behind. Hind wings, exterior half yellow, interior 
half black. The under surface of the wings the same as above. Abdomen 
beneath with a central yellow stripe. Legs black; fore coxe each with a yel- 
low spot; femora white internally ; tibie striped with white. Length of body 
9 lines; of the wings 19 lines. 

Mexico, near Jalapa. 

The structure of this insect shows marked affinities tothe group of Sphinges. 


CYANOPEPLA. 


Female? Fore wings much longer than the body, moderately broad, rounded 
at the tip, and very oblique along the margin. Thesubcostal vein adjacent to 
the external margin, with a single marginal nervule from near the hind end 
of the disk, and a second marginal nervule just exterior to it. The apical 
branch near its exterior third sends off a post-apical nervule, and near the tip 
a nervulet to the costa. The subcosto-inferior nervule and the discal vein 
arise at a common point, the latter angulated. Median vein 4-branched, with 
the posterior nervule rather remote from the others, and the origin of the first 
subcosto-marginal nervule. Hind wings rather more than one half as long as 
the fore wings, nearly equal to the length of the body. Without costal vein. 
Subcostal bifid at the origin of the discal vein, which is much curved. Me- 
dian vein 4-branched, the superior branch is medio-discal, the two middle 
ones from a common base, the posterior remote. 

Head moderate, smooth, without distinct neck ; without ocelli. Face rather 
narrow, smoeth. Eyes rather small, moderately prominent. Antenne more 
than one half as long as the body, minutely pectinated or serrated beneath. 
Palpi curved, ascending rather above the middle of the face, smooth, slightly 
hairy at the base; middle joint rather more than twice longer than the basal 
joint; terminal joint very minute, ovate. Tongue equal to the thorax 
beneath. 

Body metallic, cylindric, scarcely slender, smooth. Patagia rather small, 
somewhat erected. Abdomen less than one half as long as the body beneath. 
Legs rather slender, smooth ; fore tibia with a short, concealed middle spur ; 
hind tibie with four rather short spurs. Tarsi minutely spinous. 


C.cruenta. Black. Palpi blue. Head and body metallic blue. Fore 
wings with a large crimson spot at the base, extended to the middle of the 
disk and to the fold beneath, and another of the same hue, oval and obliquely 
placed in the median nervules ; inner margin at the base and a streak along 
the submedian vein metallic blue; cilia at the tip white. Hind wings dark 
bluish black, immaculate. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 20 lines. 

Mexico, near Jalapa. 

EvcHuromia, Hiibner. 
Group, Horamia, Walker. 


Wings narrow. Fore wings much longer than the body. The subcostal 


1860.] 


546 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


vein is adjacent to the external margin, with two marginal nervules from the 
hinder end of the disk, the first opposite the penultimate branch of the me- 
dian, the second forked at about its middle. The apical branch gives rise at 
about its middle to the post-apical. The subcosto-inferior and the discal vein 
arise at a common point, the latter slightly curved. Median vein 4-branched, 
the posterior remote from the penultimate. Hind wings equal to the length 
of the body. Without costal vein. Subcostal vein bifid from the origin of 
the discal vein, which is very obliquely inclined to the base and suddenly 
curved about the middle of the disk, where it receives the discal fold; imme- 
diately beneath this arises a medio-discal nervule. Median vein bifid from the 
disk. 

Head rather large, smooth, free; with ocelli. Face narrow. Eyes rather 
large, prominent. Antenne shortly pectinated or serrated to the tip, whence 
it is moniliform, and more or less dilated or fusiform about the middle. Palpi 
curved, ascending to the middle of the face ; basal joint hairy beneath ; middle 
and terminal joint smooth and cylindrical. Tongue about as long as the thorax 
beneath. 

Body cylindrical, smooth. Patagiasmall. Abdomen obtuse, with a promi- 
nent tubercle on each side of the basal segment. Legs slender and long; fore 
tibie with a moderate spur from the base; hind tibie towards the ends and 
the hind tarsi plumose. Hind tibie with two short spurs. 


E. plumipes.—Sphinz plumipes, Drury, Append. ii. Aglaope plumipes, 
Westw. ed. Drury ii. 51, pl. 27, f. 3. Blackish, somewhat tinged with blue. 
Antenne with ochreous tips. Face yellow, with a blackish central stripe and 
a yellow spot between the anterne. Thorax with four yellow spots and tegule 
striped with yellow on the inner edge. Abdomen with tip dark yellow and 
banded with the same hue between the segments; the two segments next 
the basal banded with white beneath. Wings concolorous dark brown, im- 
maculate. The fore coxe each with an orange yellow spot; legs black, 
middle femora striped with dark yellow; hind tibie and tarsi with yellow 
hairs, broadly banded at the end of each with black. 

Texas. Coll. Capt. Pope. Smithsonian Institution. 

Variety 2 Walker, 252.—Palpi short ; third joint small. Black, indistinctly 
tinged with blue. Head, thorax, base of the wings and abdomen towards the 
base with white dots. Wings blackish brown. Abdominal segments with 
white bands. Legs partly covered with white scales; hind tibie with a white 
band before the middle, beyond which they are deeply plumose towards the 
base. 

Honduras, 


*E. Pretus.—Sphinx adscita Pretus, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. 121, pl. 175, 
f. E, F. Horamia Pretus, Hiibn. Verz. Schmitt, 125, 1351; Samml. Exot. 
Schmitt, Ad. pl. f. 1—4. E. Pretus, Walker 252. Palpi long; third joint 
elongated. Fawn colored. Antenne banded with black. Prothorax and basal 
portion of the abdomen whitish. Hind wings somewhat brown. Fore wings 
testaceous. Femora and tibie black at the tips. 

Jamaica. 


PcILOPTERA. 


The wings are longer than the body. The anterior rather narrow, envelop- 
ing the body when folded; apex obtusely rounded and hind margin slightly 
oblique. The subcostal nervule gives rise to a marginal nervule, about its 
middle, and within the disk forms a large secondary cell, from the hind end 
of which arise three distinct marginal nervules, the lower one reaching the 
costa rather above the tip. The disk extends rather heyond the apical third 
of the wing, and the discal vein gives rise to three nervules. The median is 
3-branched, the posterior branch being remote from the others and arising op- 


[Nov. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. D047 


posite the origin of the subcostal branch, which forms the secondary cell. 
The fold is thickened, and the submedian furcate at its base. The hind wings 
are rather broader than the fore wings ; obliquely rounded along the hind mar- 
gin from the tip to the base; costa nearly straight. The costal nervure dis- 
tinct and simple: the subcostal simple and rather attenuated from the discal 
vein towards the base. The discal vein gives rise to two nervules, and sends 
a false nervule through the disk towards the base of the wing. The median 
subdivides into three equidistant nervules. 

Head rather small, smooth, free; without ocelli. Face rather narrow, 
tapering, vertical. Eyes small, salient. Antenne slender, with joints closely 
set, serrated beneath with scales. Palpi slender cylindrical, curved, ascending 
rather above the middle of the front; basal joint squamose ; middle and ter- 
minal joints smooth and equal in length. Tongue about one half as long as 
the body. 

Body slender, scarcely equal in length to the fore wings. Patagia scale-like. 
Abdomen slender, more than one half as long as the body beneath. Legs 
smooth and slender; fore tibize with a long, concealed internal spur; hind 
tibiz with a pair of apical spurs. 

The wing structure of the insect included in this genus resembles most 
strikingly that of the Tineina, and must form a group connecting the Glauco- 
pidipz directly with it. 


P. compta.—Palpi pale yellow, with the ends of the second and third 
joints black. Head yellow, with a black spot between the antenne and a 
black band across the face. Thorax reddish orange, with two black spots in 
front ; neck yellow, edged behind with blackish. Fore wings reddish orange, 
with four bluish black patches placed transversely on the wing and containing 
yellow spots; the first at the base; the second interior to the middle of the 
wing; the third exterior to the middle, constricted toward the costa and con- 
nected behind with the subterminal patch, which is constricted in the middle. 
The hind wings are slightly hyaline ; dark brown. 

Texas. Capt. Pope’s Coll. From the Smithsonian Institution. 


December 4th. 
Mr. JosepH JEANES in the Chair. 


Twenty-four members present. 
The following paper was presented for publication : 


“Description of two new species of Pimelodus, from Kansas, by 
Charles C. Abbott,” and was referred to a Committee. 


Mr. Durand stated that he had received the following note from Mr. Thomas 
Meehan, of Germantown: 


**In looking over the last issue of the Proceedings of the Academy of 
Natural Sciences, I notice that Mr. Buckley describes a new large Carya 
Texana. As Major Le Conte has already described a species as Hickorea ( Carya) 
Texana, and by a comparison of Buckley’s description with Le Conte’s, (see 
Proceedings, 1853,) it is evident that they are two distinct species, is it not 
worth having the error corrected ?”’ 

Mr. D. agreed fully with Mr. Meehan, and proposed the substitution of 


Carya Buckleyi for the name of Terana, given by Dr. Buckley, and already 
oscupied. 


1860.] 


548 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Dr. Corse, in presenting a specimen of tuberculous disease in a sheep, called 
attention to the importance of collecting more detailed and numerous data, 
having reference to the connection between good agriculture, food, water and 
shelter, and the health of our domestic animals, used as food for man. 


December 11th. 
Mr. Lna, President, in the Chair. 


Forty members present. 
Mr. Vaux, on behalf of the Publication Committee, laid on the table 
Part 4, Vol. iv. of the Journal. 


Mr. Lea read the following letter from Mr. Marcou : 


‘ Boston, 26th Nov., 1860. 


At the end of the ‘‘ Proceedings” for 1859, there is a Catalogue of the Fossils of 
the Cretaceous Formation of the United States, by Mr. Wm. M. Gabb, where I see 
placed the Ostrea Marsh and Gryphea dilatata, var. Tucumcari, found by me in 
the Jurassic strata of Pyramid Mount in New Mexico. Mr. Gabb ought, I think, 
in thus placing these fossils, at least to have mentioned in a note that I have 
placed them in the Jurassic formation of the United States. 

In a notice of Geological Discoveries made by Capt. J. H. Simpson, by Messrs, 
Meek and Engelmann, published in April,1860,‘‘Proceediugs,” page 126, I observe 
a paragraph entitled Jurassic Rocks, where they have found a Gryphea probably 
identical with G. calceola, Quenstedt, and a plicated oyster closely allied to Os- 
trea Marshii, in the strata of the Utah Territory, where, since 1854 I haye indi- 
cated the existence of the Jurassic Formation. Notwithstanding that Messrs. 
Meek and Engelmann say that this species of Ostrea Marshii is distinct from the 
species of Mr. Marcou, and notwithstanding the probable identity of Gryphea 
calceola, 1 do not doubt that Mr. Engelmann has found in Utah, at Ducherne 
river and at Weber river, the Gryphea dilatata, var. Tucumcarit, and the Ositrea 
Marshii indicated by me in the Jurassic rocks of Pyramid Mount. These two 
fossils are tco numerous around the Tucumcari Mountains, north of the Llano 
Estacado, not to be distributed over other parts of the plateau which surrounds 
the Rocky Mountains. The Gryphea calceola of Quenstedt is very closely allied 
to Gryphea dilatata, and with many geologists it is considered but a variety. 
Dr. B. F. Shumard, in ‘‘ Observations upon the Cretaceous Strata of Texas (Trans, 
Acad. of Sci., St. Louis, p. 587,) maintains that my Ostrea Marshii of Pyramid 
Mount is identical with his Ostrea subovata from Fort Washita, and that my 
Gryphea dilatata, yar. Tucumcari, is found at Fort Washita, in strata two hun- 
dred feet above beds that contain well-marked cretaceous types. The question 
to resolve is, actually to give a detailed section of Fort Washita, with plates of 
fossils, as I have done for Pyramid Mount, to do the same for the strata of Utah 
Territory, and compare the three localities. Then we shall see if Washita is 
identical with Pyramid Mount and with Utah, or if Pyramid Mount and Utah 
are identical, and different from Washita. 


Mr. Gabb remarked that, while he strongly deprecated anything like the 
unfortunate discussions that have taken place on the above subject, he still 
considered that the candid expression of the views of persons holding a differ- 
ence of opinion on scientific points, was the only way to arrive at the facts. 
The omission of the note, in regard to the position to which Prof. Marcon 
referred these species, was accidental, and not an intentional slight, as Prof. 
M. seems to imply. 

Nevertheless, the species are not, in his opinion, identical with the species 
bearing the same namesin Europe. As far as can be determined, Ostrea 


[ December, 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 549 


Marshii, Marcou, is not O. Marshii, Sow., and therefore the name O. subovata, 
Shumard, is the real name of the species. Gryphea Tucumcarit, M., is at 
least as nearly related to tue typical specimens of G. Pitcherii, Morton, now in 
the Museum of the Academy, as the forms referred to Pitcherii by Marcou, 
and known to geologists as var. navis. The specimen from the plains of 
Kiamesha, mentioned by Morton, is more nearly of the shape of Tucumcarit 
than the one figured, but no paleontologist would hesitate for a moment in 
pronouncing them identical. 

In regard to the real position of these species, Dr. Shumard, in Marcy’s Re- 
port on the Red River of Louisiana, places O. subovata, on the same horizon 
with G. Pitcherii and Ammonites vespertinus, both of which species are, in other 
parts of the United States, found associated with species that are everywhere 
characteristic of the chalk, such as Baculites anceps, Gryphea vesicularis, 
Ostrea larva, Exogyra Matheroniana, of D’Orbigny, (or E. Texana, Roemer, ) 
Nautilus Dekayi and other species, not only found in the United States, but in 
Europe, Chili and India, and never found outside of the Upper Chalk of Eng- 
lish authors, the Senonien of the French. 

Mr. Gabb did not pretend to deny the existence of the older members of 
the cretaceous formation in North America, but said, that outside of the 
evidence in ‘‘Geology of North America,’’ founded only on the doubtful re- 
cognition of two or three species of Ammonites from weathered fragments, all 
the testimony yet collected tends to prove the existence only of the Upper 
Chalk, unless, perhaps, some of the lower beds (Nos. 1 and 2) of Nebraska 
may prove, as he thinks probable, to belong to the Lower Chalk of the Eng- 
lish, the Turonien of .continental writers. Still the evidence is only negative. 
True, the beds of New Jersey cannot be distinguished lithologically from the 
green sand of England and France, but even Prof. Marcou would not now 
have the temerity to call them upper green sand or even ‘‘ Turonien ”’ in face 
of the paleontological evidence to the contrary ; and yet, lithological evidence 
is among the strongest brought to bear on his Jurassic and Triassic of the 
West. That Jurassic and Triassic rocks do exist on this continent. is now 
beyond doubt, but that Jurassic and Triassic, is not the Jurassic and Triassic 
of Mareou. That Ostrea Marshii has been found in the far West, associated 
with Ammonites cordatus, it is no evidence that the O. Marshii of Prof. Marcou 
is the O. Marshii, Sow. 

In conclusion, he remarked that in the above opinions he was upheld by 
every American geologist who has investigated the subject. 


Mr. Cope read the following list of the recent species of Emydosaurian rep- 
tiles represented in the museum of the Academy. 


‘ ALLIGATORIDZ. Crocodilus palustris, 
Alligator Mississippiensis, Crocodilus porosus, 
Jacare sclerops, Crocodilus vulgaris, 
Jacare fissipes, Crocodilus Americanug 
Jacare vallifrons. Mecistops leptorhynchus, 

CROCODILIDZ Mecistops bathyrhynchus, 
Osteolaemus tetraspis Gavialis Gangeticus. 


In all, twelve species, represented by thirty-eight specimens. 


OsTEOLAEMUS, Cope, was characterized as a genus of Crocodiles presenting 
several points of analogy to the Alligators. The nasal bones were prolonged 
anteriorly, and uniting with the short spine of the intermaxillary, divided the 
external nasal orifice, as in the genus Alligator. The eyelids were entirely os- 
seous, as in Caiman. There was no transverse bony ridge between the orbits. 
The dermal plates upon the tail, extremities, and thorax, were more or less com- 
pletely ossified; upon the gular region the ossification was most complete, the 
shields having a coarse sutural articulation. The digits of the posterior ex- 
tremity were very slightly webbed. Cervical plates distinct from the dorsal. 


1860.] 38 


550 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Two specimens were exhibited ; one, a skin brought from the Ogobai River, 
Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. Du Chaillu; the other, the skull of a half-grown 
individual, obtained from the Museum of the Pennsylvania University. These 
Mr. Cope regarded as belonging to a species hitherto unknown, and which he 
proposed calling Osteolaemustetraspis. He briefly characterized it as fol- 
lows: Proportions of the head somewhat similar to those of Crocodilus 
trigonops, Gray, of India. Breadth of muzzle at ninth tooth equal to the 
distance between the external nasal orifice and anterior border of the orbit, and 
to the width of the table of the cranium posteriorly. A short ridge in front of 

. 17 


each orbit, directed obliquely inward. Teeth —, rather compressed. Four 
15 


nuchal shields, in a single transverse series; four cervical, in pairs. Dorsal 
shields in six rows. Posterior extremities without fringe. Total length of 
the entire specimen, five feet. 
Mr. Cope alluded to the remarkable extent to which ossification was carried 
in this species. The cranium was much more rugose and pitted than in the 
adult specimens of much larger species, and the crotaphite foramina were roofed 
over by bone. The latter peculiarity was sometimes observed in the genera 
Jacare and Caiman. The osseous gular and thoracic buckler was also similar 
to that exhibited by those genera, and by the extinct ‘‘ Crocodilus” Hast- 
ingsiz, the existence of which has been shown by Professor Huxley. And 
alluding to the numerous points of analogy to the Alligatorial or American type, 
Mr. Cope mentioned the occurrence of South American forms of tree-snakes 
in Western Africa; e. g. Dryophis Kirtlandii and Thrasops flavigularis, 
Hallowell. 
Mecistops bathyrhynchus was the name by which Mr. Cope proposed to 
characterize a species, of which a large skull was in the Academy’s museum. 
This skull was of a very elongate form; on this account, and from the fact that 
the nasal bones disappeared some distance posterior to the external nasal ori- 
fice, he concluded that it belonged to Mecistops, Gray, although that genus 
was mainly characterized by the position of the cervical dermal shields. 
The breadth of the muzzle at the tenth tooth was twice that at the notch, and 
was contained two and half times in the space between the orbit and nasal ori- 
fice. The length of the muzzle anterior to the tenth tooth equalled the length 
posterior to that point, plus three-fourths the length of the orbit. The latter 
was scarcely larger than the external nasal orifice. The width of the table of 
the cranium posteriorly, entered into the total length, measured from the pos- 
terior border of the former, four times; was equal to the length of the symphy- 
sis mandibuli; was greater than the width of the muzzle measured across the 
palate between the twelfth and thirteenth teeth, and was exactly twice the width 
of the os frontis. The snout was more rounded and elevated than in the known 
species of Mecistops ; the superior maxillary bone at its posterior extremity formed 
a perpendicular wall. The length of the ramus of the inferior maxillary from 
the angle, was thirty-two inches, the symphysis extending one-fifth the distance. 
19 

Neither ridge nor convexity in front of the orbits Teeth—. Native country 
15 

of the species unknown. 

Mr. Cope stated that in the present species the muzzle was less depressed, 
and more rounded laterally than in the species of Crocodilus; also that the 
fourth and tenth teeth above, and fourth below, were of proportionally large size. 


Mr. Lea read two letters from Prof. Tyson, State Geologist of Maryland, in 
relation to some remarkable infusorial beds of Tripoli, observed by him in 
Maryland. The specimens were presented to the Academy: 

No. 1 is from a bluff on the Patuxent, below Lyon’s Creek, the bed being 
three feet thick, overlying the green sand. 

No. 2 is from a bluff two miles below Nottingham, the thickness ten feet. 


[Dec. 


>) 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, 551 


q 


No. 3 is from ‘‘ Holland’s Cliffs,” three miles south of “‘ Lower Marlboro’ ”, 
and is thirty feet thick. 

No. 4 is from the ‘‘Cove,” on the south side of Herring Bay, eight miles 
east of Nos, 1 and 2. 

Prof. Tyson has traced this “‘ Tripoli region” from near the head of West 
River, in Anne Arundel County, twenty-five miles southward, to Prince Frederick, 
in Clavert County. It may be found to extend eighteen or twenty miles further 
south, to near the lower end of Calvert County. It is well exposed in high 
cliffs on the Patuxent, as well as on the Chesapeake Bay. It probably extends 
over most of Charles County, and of the southern part of Prince George County. 

It belongs to the Miocene period, and rests upon the most important fossil 
shell bed of the Tertiary region. Prof. Tyson states that Dr. C. Johnson has 
made out more than one hundred forms of Diatoms in No. 3. 


Dr. Fisher exhibited a stereoscopic picture of a parasitical insect, 
taken by means of a new and ingenious arrangement of the ordinary 
microscope, by Dr. R. E. Griffith. The insect was magnified between 
20 and 25 diameters. 


December 18th. 
Vice-President BripegeEs in the Chair. 


Forty members present. 

The following papers were presented for publication in the Preceed- 
ings :— 

i? Description of some new Species of Tertiary Fossils from Chiriqui, 
Central America, by Wm. M. Gabb.”’ 

“ Descriptions of three new Species of Star-fishes from Cape San 
Lucas, Lower California, by John Xantus.” 

“ Deseriptions of new North American Coleoptera, in the Cabinet 
of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, by George H. Horn.” 

‘Catalogue of Colubridz in the Museum of the Academy of Natural 
Sciences of Philadelphia, &., Part 38, by E. D. Cope.’ 

And were referred to Committees. 


December 25th. 
Vice-President BrIpGES in the Chair. 


Twenty-nine members present. 
On report of the respective Committees, the following papers were 
ordered to be published in the Proceedings :— 


The Humming Birds of Mexico. 


BY RAFAEL MONTES DE OCA, 
Of Jalapa, Mexico. 
No. 3. 
CAMPYLOPTERUS PAMPA, Gould. 
ORNISMYIA PAMPA, Lesson. 
PamMPA CAMPYLOPTERA, Reichenbach. 


The people of Coatepec, nine miles from Jalapa, give to this species of Hum- 
ming Bird the name of Chupa-mirto fandanguero or Fandango Myrtle-sucker, 


1860.] 


852 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


for the reason, apparently, that it has a somewhat musical voice. It is the 
only Humming Bird which to my knowledge has any notes which are sufficient 
to recognize it by in the woods, and though rather monotonous, are qnite 
pleasing. 

In the neighborhood of Jalapa this species is found occasionally, but in the 
above-mentioned place is more abundant, although very difficult to obtain. 
It inhabits the forest in the winter season, and generally feeds on the flowers 
of high bushes called Asasaretos, which at that season are in full bloom and 
densely covered with beautiful smooth emerald green leaves, amongst which 
it is very difficult to see this bird, though it often betrays itself by its musical 
notes, especially in the morning. The males, I think, only sing, or at least 
much more than the females. 

Very few specimens of this kind are seen in summer time in this neighbor- 
hood. Itis found also near Cordova, and goes as far south as Guatemala, where 
perhaps it builds its nest, for I have never seen nor heard of anest being found 
here. 

The general appearance of this species is as follows: the upper part of the 
head is beautiful metallic nltramarine color. Wing coverts and tail coverts, 
and upper part of the body bronze green. Throat, under wing coverts, breast 
and belly, iron gray color, and the under tail coverts the same, but tinged with 
chestnut. Quills purplish black with the vanes black and resembling whale- 
bone, the three principle ones rather wider than common. Tail feathers yel- 
lowish bronze green, all except the two central, with the half towards the 
point bluish black, three on each side tipped with chestnut iron gray. The feet 
are dark iron gray, nails and upper mandible black, under mandible iron gray. 
Its size from the point of the bill to the tip of the tail is from 5} to 5? inches, 
wing 23, tail 2, bill 1d inches. The female is almost precisely like the male, 
with the difference of about 3 of an inch in size, and either less blue or with 
it less brilliant on the top of the head. 


No. 4. 


THaumAstuRA Eniz#, Gould. 
Trocuitus Exisa, Lesson. 
Mrretis Exisa, Reichenbach. 
LuciFer Exisa, Bonaparte. 
CaLoTHoRAX E tsa, G. R. Gray. 

This species of Humming Bird is one of the rarest that is found in Mexico. 
It is small, very beautiful, and possesses wonderful rapidity of flight, moving 
its wings with such velocity that it is almost impossible to see them when 
flying, and it may easily be mistaken for a large bee on account of the strange 
buzzing sound produced by their incessant motion. In the vicinity of Jalapa 
this bird is called Mirto de colo de tisera, or the shear-tailed Myrtle-sucker. 

This Humming Bird is extremely shy, and differs in its habits and manner 
of living from other species. It rises very early in the morning, and the few 
specimens that have come under my observation I never saw after seven or 
eight o’clock in the morning, and again about five o’clock in the afternoon 
until dark; in the intermediate time I have never seen it. When once this 
bird is found eating at one place it is almost sure to be found there at the same 
hour for several days in succession, so that once failing to obtain it, all that is 
necessary is to wait for it the next day. It feeds on the A/asapan and Tobaco 
flowers, I think preferring the latter. 

This bird is found also at the Barrancas de Jico (or Precipices of Jico) about 
twenty miles from Jalapa; there it builds its nest, which I have seen. It is 
very small, round, and flat on the bottom, neither so deep nor so thick on the 
lower part as the generality of other Humming Birds. The eggs are two, 
rather long in proportion to their diameter. The nest is covered on the out- 
side with moss from stones, and lined inside with tule or cattail silky floss. 


[Dec. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 553 


In this bird the upper part of the head, the wing coverts, tail coverts, and 
the upper part of the body are bright yellowish green bronze, except on the 
top of the head, which is rather duller. The throat is beautiful metallic 
shining amethyst color. The breast forming a kind of band across and com- 
municating in a faint line on each side of the neck with the corner of the eye, 
is white, slightly tinged with chestnut. The flanks, legs and lower part of 
the belly are of the same color. The sides of the body under the wings are 
mixed, scale-like, with bronze, green and chestnut color. The quills are pur- 
plish gray black, the tail bright purplish black, the second and third feathers 
having edges of light chestnut, not reaching to the point, and giving them the 
appearance of being spatulatein form. The tailis composed ofsix feathers, two 
on each side about the same length, and the third about one-third shorter. 
The feet, nails, and bill are black. The bill is considerably curved. Total 
length 33 inches, wing 13, tail 1}, bill 3. 

The female is like the male in the color of the upper parts of the body. The 
throat and breast and abdomen are grayish white, tinged with chestnut, very 
pale on the last, sides under the wings light chestnut, mixed with bronze 
green towards the breast. The tail feathers are ten, light chestnut in their - 
half towards the body, and the terminal half black, with the first and second 
widely tipped with white, and the third slightly. The middle feathers are 
bronze green. The female is about one-eighth of an inch shorter than the 
male. 


Catalogue of the Colubride in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences 
of Philadelphia. Part 3. 


BY. E. D. COPE. 
PSAMMOPHIDINE. 
Maxupoton Fitz. Type M. lacertinus. 


Neue Classif. pp. 29, 59, 1826. Cclopeltis Fitz., 1843, Dum. & Bibr. Giinther 
nec Wagler, 1820; Rhabdodon Fleischm., 1831; “4 Bothriophis Eichw.,” Gthr. : 
Taphrometopon Brandt, 1839. 

162. M. lacertinus Fitz. ‘‘ Coluber monspessulanus Hermann,” also “ Mer- 
rem,” (1804 & 1820), Bonap., (descriptions not recognizable). Hence Celopeliis 
monspessulana Bp. Fauna Italica, 1832; Natrix lacertina Wag). in Spix, Serp. 
Bras., 1824 Fig. ; Psammophis lacertina Boie, Isis, 1827; Schlegel, Ess. Ceelo- 
peltis lacertina Wag). Natur. Syst., 1830; Gtinther, Cat. Brit. Mus., 1858; Col. 
insignilus Geoff. St. Hilaire, Hist. Egypt, 1827 Fig.; Ceelopeltis insignitus Dum. 
Bibr. Erp. Gen. vii. 1130, 1854; ‘‘*Tuphrometopon lineolatus, Brandt,’ Kareline, 
Rey. Mag. de Zoologie, 1840,” Dum. Bibr. 2&hkabdodon fuscus Fleischm. 1831. 


Three sp. Italy, Dr. Wilson, (Bp. Coll.) 
Var. Neumayeri- Bp. 

One sp. Algiers, bf uy 

Two sp. Italy, A ‘ 


PsamMopuis Fitz. Type P. crucifer. 

Neue Class. Rept. 29, 59, June 1826. (nec H. Boie Bull. de Sci. Nat. et Geol. 
Ferussac, Oct. 1826, which must be regarded as a synonyme of Coronella 
Laur.!) F. Boie, Isis 1827, 521, et auctorum. Macrosoma Leach, in Bowditch’s 
Ashantee, 1819, (nec Hiibner, Lepidoptera, 1816.) 


163. P. crucifer Fitz.l.c. Boiel.c., Dum. Bibr. Erp. Gen. 1854. Coluber 
crucifer Merr. Beitrage, 1821, fig. ?Col. lurus Klein, Tent. 1775; founded on 
Seba, 53, f. 2. 

One spec, Cape Good Hope, Gard. Plants in ex. 


1360.] 


jot PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


164. P. sibilans Fi#.l.c. Giinther Cat. Brit. Mus. 1858. Coluber sibilans 
Linn., 1766. Col. moniliger Daud., 1802. Psammophis moniliger Boie, 1826. 
Wagler, Schleg., Dum. Bibr. 

One sp. Africa, ‘: ? 


165. P. Phillipsii Hallow, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1854, p. 100; do. 1857, 
p. 69.Coluber Phillipsii Hallow, 1. c. ii. 1844, 169. 

This species has three very narrow longitudinal light bands, which corres- 
pond in position with the vertebral, and light inferior borders of the dark late- 
ral bands of the P.sibilans. These are not alluded to in any of Dr. Hal- 
lowell’s descriptions. This species appears to us to be closely allied to the 
sibilans, but has more the aspect of a tree snake, in the narrow, obliquely 
arranged scales, and rather larger eye. 

One sp. Liberia, Dr. Goheen. 
One sp. (young, Proc. 1857, p. 69,) sf ~ 


Tracors Wagler. Type T. prasinus. 


Nat. Syst. Amphib. 1830, 184. 

We have placed this genus and Passerita with Psammopbis, on account of 
the similarity of dentition, and from the fact that the T. tropidococcyx 
(Dryiophis Gthr.) ‘possesses the habit and physiognomy” of that genus, 
according to Dr. Giinther, who has made known the species. 


166. T. prasinus Dum. Bibr. _Dryiophis prasinus Reinwt. Dryinus nasutus, - 
Bell. Tragops nasutus Wagler. 


One sp. Java, Dr. Ruschenberger. 
One sp. Ammer Vc us 

One sp. Ceylon, Mr. Cuming in ex. 
One sp. India, Dr. Burrough. 


Var. laetus nobis. Anal shield entire. Colors much brighter and yellower 
than other specimens ; otherwise similar. 
One sp. Philippines, Mr. Cuming in ex. 


Passernita Gray. Type P.mycterizans. 


Ann. Philos. 1825, 208. Dryinus Merrem, 1820, nec Fabricius. Dum. Bibr. 
1854, vii. 808. Dryophis ‘““Dalman,” Boie Isis, 1827, nec Fitzinger. Neue 
Class, 1825. (Quid ‘‘Dryiophis Dahlman” Boie in Ferussac, Bull. de Sc. Nat. 
et Geol., Oct. 1826?) Herpetotragus Fitz., 1843. 


167. P. mycterizans Gray. Col. mycterizans Linn. Dryvophis nasutus 
Merr. et auctorum. 


One sp. Madras, Mr. F. Brown. 
One sp. India, Dr. Burrough. 
One sp. Ceylon, Cuming ex. 


We would direct the attention of herpetologists who have large suits of spe- 
cimens of this species at their command, to the variations in the relative 
Yengths of the tail and body. In our specimens from Madras and Ceylon, the 
length of the former is to that of the latter, about as one to two ; in the speci- 
men presented by Dr. Burrough, as one and one-third to two. In the latter, 
the lateral and superior surfaces of the proboscis are verrucose, and the body 
is more slender in proportion to its length. 


168. P. fusca. Dryinus fuscus Dum. Bibr. Erp. Gen. vii.p. 812. Passerita 
myeterizans, var. Dryinus fuscus Gthr. Cat. Brit. Mus. p.161. Dryophis c. Boie, 
Isis, 1827, 546; “eine dritte durch Leschenault von Ceylon, der aenea 
aholich.” 

Four specimens of this serpent from Ceylon agree in haying @ more atten- 
uated formthanthemycterizans. The tail is to the body, in length, as 


(Dec. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 555 


one and one-third to two; the lateral and superior surfaces of the proboscis 
are verrucose. The head is very much attenuated. Adark brown band passes 
through the eye, and there is a diamond shaped blotch with a posterior elonga-~ 
tion, on the top of the head. 
DRYOPHIDINA. 
LaNGAHA Bruguiéere. Type L.nasuta. 
Journ. Phys. 132, 1784. Xiphorhynchus Wagl., 1830. X¢tphorina Fitz., 1843. 


169. L.nasuta Shaw, 1790. LZ, Madagascariensis Latr., 1801. L. ensifera 
Dum. Bibr., 1854. Dryophis langaha Schleg., 1837. 
One sp. Madagascar, Gard. Plants in ex 


Dryopuis Fitzinger. Type D.fulgida. 
Neue Classification, 1826, p. 66—et auctorum. Oxybelis Dum. Bibr. 1854. 
a. Scales smooth : Oxybelis Wagl., 1830. 


170. D. argenteus Schleg. 
One sp. Cayenne, Mr. Amory Edwards. 


171. D. acuminatus Gthkr. Coluber acuminatus Wied, 1822. Dryinus 
aeneus Wag]., 1824. Drytophis auratus Schleg., 1837. 


One sp. Brazil, Dr. MeMurtrie. 

One sp. Veraguas, New Grenada, Mr. R. W. Mitchell, 
One sp. Panama, Drs.Gallaer & Le Conte, 
Two sp. | S. America, Mr. Cuming in ex. 
Two sp. us ? 


It is this species of Dryophis to which Prof. Baird alludes (Proc. Acad., 1859, 
300) as having been obtained so far north as Guayamas, Sonora. A single 
specimen procured by Capt. Stone at that place is in the Mus. Smithsonian. 


172. D. Kirtlandii Hallow. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil, 1854, p. 100. 


Leptophis Kirtlandit ibid, 1. c. 1844, 62. Oxybelis Kirtlandit ibid, 1. c. 1857, 59, 
Ox.Lecomptei Dum. Bibr. vii. 821, 1854. 


Two sp. Liberia, Dr. Goheen. 

One sp. te Dr. Savage. 

One sp. a Mr. K. T. Cresson. 
Two sp. Gibson, Dr. Ford. 

One sp. be Mr. Du Chaillu. 


b. Scales carinate: Dryophis, Witz. Wagl. 
173. D. fulgidus Fitz. 


One sp. Surinam, Dr. Hering. 
One sp. Panama, Dr. Le Conte. 
One sp. Tsalco, San Salvador, Capt. J. Dow. 


The above specimens have ten upper labial shields, Giintber gives nine a3 
the ordinary number. 


174, D. brevirostris nobis. 

Near the middle of the body, scales in fifteen rows; elsewhere in thir- 
teen. Carination very faint anteriorly; visible upon five rows poste- 
riorly. General form extremely slender; length of tail to that of body 
as two to three. Head small, muzzle short. No loreal, one post, one 
preocular, the latter reaching the vertical. Nostril near the middle of the nasal 
plate. Superior labials six, fourth and angle of third entering orbit ; last very 
jong. Inferior labials seven, suture of the first pair unusually long. Pupil 
round. Gastroteges 179; anentire anal, urosteges, 170. Totallength 40 in. 61. 
Tail 16 in. 3 1. 


1860.} 


4 


556 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Coloration, greyish green, tinged with rufous upon the upper surface of head 
and body. A narrow black line passing back from the eye, parallel to the 
commissure of the mouth. No lateral stripe. 

Habitat. Veraguas, New Grenada. From a valuable collection made in that 
place by R. W. Mitchell, Esq. 


AHAETULLIN A. 


CHRYSOSPELHA Boie. Type C. ornata. 


Isis von Oken, 1827, p. 546.  Chironius Fitz. Isis, 1827, 265, nec Neue 
Class. 1826. 


175. C.ornata Boie, l. c. Coluber ornatus Shaw, 1803. Col. ibiboca, Latr. 
1801! Chironius ibiboca Fitz. 1. c. 
Var. A. Gihr. 


One sp. Philippines, Mr. Cuming in ex. 
Var. B. Gthr. 
One sp. Siam, Dr. Ruschenberger. 
Two sp. 2 ? 
176. C. rhodopleurum Bote. Dendrophis rhodopleuron Reinw. 
One sp. E. Indies. Smiths. Inst. 


AHAETULLA Gray. Type A.picta. 


Annals of Philosophy, 1825, p. 208 (September) ?Zeptophis Bell, Zoological 
Journal, 1825, p. 328 (October). Gray, in King’s Australia, ii. p. 432, 1827. 
Dendrophis, Fitzinger, Neue Classif. p. 60, 1826 (June). Boie, Ferrusac, Bullet. 
Sci. Nat. et Geol. 1826, 238 (October). Wagler, Naturlich Syst. p. 183, 1830. 
Fitzinger, Syst. Rept., 1843, p. 27. Dumeril, Prodrome Général, 56, 1852. Giin- 
ther, Cat Brit. Mus., 148, 1858. 


177. A.picta nobis. ‘ Coluber filiformis Linn. Mus, Ad. Fried., pl. 17 f. 2.” 
Description and fig. not recognizable. Col. pictus Gmel. 1788.- Col. coeruleus, 
Bonaterre, 1790. Col. decorus Shaw, 1802. Ahaetulla decora Gray, 1825. Den- 
drophis decorus Fitz., 1826. Dendr. picta Boie, 1826. Wagler, Schlegel, Fitz- 
inger, Dumeril, Giinther. ?Leptophis purpurascens Bell, 1826. L. mancas ibid. 
Ahaetulla Belli Gray, Ind. Zool., 1834. Leptophis pictus Cantor, 1847. 


One sp- near Calcutta, Dr. R. Coates, 
Three sp. Ceylon Mr. Cuming in ex. 
One sp. ‘( Ular lidi of the Chinese)” Singapore, 

Five sp. Philippine Is. Mr. Cuming in ex. 
One sp. Java, Dr, Ruschaakeee 
One sp. ? 


Turasops Hallowell. Type T.flavigularis. 


Proc Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1857, p. Dendrophis Boie, Isis, 1827, p. 520 
(nec. Fitzinger, 1826). Schlegel Essai, 1837. Leptophis Wagler, Nat. Syst. p. 
1830. Fitz. Syst. Rept., 1843. Dumeril, Prodrome, 1852 (nec Bell, 1825). 
Ahaetulla Gthr., Cat. Brit. Mus. p. 151, 1858 (nec Gray, 1825). 

In this genus the scales are arranged in subtransverse rows, and are cari- 
nate; in Philothamnus Smith, they are similarly arranged and smooth; in both 
genera the gastrosteges are weakly keeled, the urosteges scarcely at all. In Gas- 
tropyxis nobis, the scales are arranged quincuncially and are keeled ; the gastro- 
and urosteges sharply angulated, In all three the dentition is syncranterian. 
In Hapsidophrys, F%sch., the frontal region is much arched; otherwise nearly 
similar to Thrasops. * 


178. T. flavigularis JHallow.1 ¢. Dendrophis flavigularis, Hallow.1.c.1852, 
p. 205. We find no external character in this fine serpent which can, in our 


[ Dee. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 557 


opinion, justify its separation from the next succeeding species. This is inte- 
resting when we recollect that the Dryophis of the same region is congeneric 
with the South American form, and not with that inhabiting the Hast Indies ; 
a fact pointed out by Dr. Gunther, in his paper on the geographical distribution 
of reptiles. 


Two sp. Gaboon, West Afr. Dr. H. A. Ford. 
179. T. ahaetulla nobis. Coluber ahaetulla Linn. Col. liocercus Neuw. Leptop- 


his ahaetulla Bell. © Dendrophis ahaetulla Fitz. Boie. Dendrophis liocercus, Schleg. 
Leptophis liocercus D. & B. Ahaetulla liocercus et Linnaei Gray, 1830. Gthr. 


Two sp. Surinam, Dr. Colhoun. 
One sp. Brazil, v 
One sp. loc ignot. 2 


180. T. Mexicanus nobis. Leptophis MexicanusD.& B. Ahaetulla Mexicana 
Giinther. 
One sp. Omoa, Honduras, Dr. J. L. Le Conte. 
Two sp. loc. ignot. Mr. Cuming in ex. 


181. T.occidentalis nobis. Ahaetulla occidentalis, Gtinther, Proc. Zool. 
Soc., 1859, p. 
One sp. Isth. Panama, Dr. J. L. Le Conte. 
One sp. 2 Mr. Cuming in ex. 


?Var. In a third specimen, locality unknown, an additional superior labial 
shield, and a postnasal longer than high, are the indices of greater elongation 
of the prefrontal, nasal and intermaxillary bones. In every other respect 
similar to the above. The proportions of body and color prevent its reference 
to T.ahaetulla. We await additional specimens before forming an opinion 
respecting it. 

PuILoTHAMNUS Smith. Type P. semivariegatus. 

Zool. South Africa, pl. 59, 1849. 


182, P. natalensis Smith 1. c. pl. 64. 

We are not convinced of the identity of this species with P. Chenonii 
(Leptophis Chenoniti D. & B.) Dr. Leach’s diagnosis of his Coluber irregu- 
laris in the appendix to Bowditch’s Ashantee, will probably apply equally 
well to several species ; hence, we cannot adopt his name without more evidence 
than has been offered. 

One sp. Africa. Mr. Cuming, in ex. 

In this specimen the tail is rather longer in proportion to the body, than Dr. 
Smith describes. The length of the former is thirteen inches; of the latter, 
nineteen. 


183. P. depressirostris nobis. 

Scales smooth, in fifleen rows, arranged as in T. Mexicanus, more 
obliquely than in T.occidentalis. Length of tail to total length, as 
one and one-third to three. Muzzle elongate, depressed, truncate; rostral 
plate twice as broad as high. Postnasal longer than prenasal; loreal 
three times as long as high. One pre-, two postoculars. Nine superior 
labials, fifth and sixth entering the orbit. Eye very large, oval. Occipitals 
broad anteriorly, narrow and truncate posteriorly, about equal to the vertical 
in length. DentitionasinT. ahaetulla. Anal platedivided. Total length 
45 in. 6 1. 

Coloration. Above uniform deep green; beneath and upon the lips light 
green. An inconspicuous temple streak. A very delicate black line traverses 
the centre of each of the two rows of scales that bound the vertebral row, 
extending from the nape to the origin of the tail. 

Habitat. Cocuyas de Veraguas, New Granada; one specimen, presented to 
the Academy by Mr. R. W. Mitchell. 


1860.] 


558 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


This species bears considerable resemblance to T. occidentalis, but is 
distinguished by prominent characters. ’ 

In the animal which is the subject of this description, an entozoon (Pentas- 
tomum gracile) had entered the right internal nostril, and penetrating the 
membranes of the meatus near its anterior orifice, had attached itself to the 
periosteum in the right posterior sinus of the intermaxillary bone. The body 
of the animal entirely filled the meatus, and extended as far as the mouth of 
the cesophagus of the serpent. 


Gastropyxis nobis. Type G. smaragdina. 


Supra p. 556. 

184. G.smaragdina nobis. Dendrophis smaragdinus Boie, 1827. Schlegel, 
1837. Leptophis gracilis Hallow., 1844. Leptophis smaragdmus Dum. & Bibr,, 
1854. Ahaetulla smaragdina Gthr., 1858. 


Four sp. Gaboon, W. Africa. Dr. Ford. 

One sp. Guinea. Mr. Du Chaillu. 

One sp. Liberia. Dr. Goheen. 

One sp. zy ? 
COLUBRINZ. 


PrymNnomiopon nobis. Type P. chalceus. 


Form slender, head moderately distinct. Cephalic plates normal : two nasals, 
a loreal, one preocular. Scales carinate, arranged quincunially, those of the 
vertebral series not larger. Gastro- and urosteges not angulated ; the latter 
divided, the postabdominal plate entire. Pupil round. Palatine teeth very 
little longer than pterygoids. Superior maxillary teeth minute posteriorly, 
becoming much longer anteriorly; none grooved. 

In the system of the Erpetologie Générale, this genus might be placed near 
Eugnathus D. § B. Its true affinities are not with Euprotodon and Lycophidium, 
but with Thrasops Hallow., and Thamnophis Fitz. (Hutenia B. & G.), 
being distinguished from the latter principally by the dentition, 


185. P. chalceus nobis. 

Similar in appearance to Thamnophis proximus nobis. Muzzle rather 
narrow ; rostral plate nearly as high as broad. Vertical rather large, its 
lateral borders converging, presenting a right angle posteriorly. Nasals 
equal in size. Loreal trapezoid, posterior inferior angle acute, Preocular 
not reaching vertical. Three postoculars. Eight superior labials, eye resting 
on fourth and fifth. Nine orten inferior labials; post-geneials separated, longer 
than the anterior. Scales in nineteen longitudinal rows, elongate, emarginate 
at the tip, those of the external row not larger than the others, keeled. Gas- 
trosges 152; urosteges? (tail mutilated). Length of body 11 in. 81. 

Coloration.. Olivaceous above, shading into leek green upon the flanks, and 
greenish-white upon the belly. A vertebral band of light green bordered with 
black extends from the occipital plates to the origin of the tail, involving one 
and two halves rows of scales. Another narrower and paler band extends upon 
the third and fourth rows of scales upon each side from the neck to origin of 
tail. This band is bounded above by an interrupted narrow black border. 
Temporal region lively green, plates of head and muzzle tinged with fulvous. 
Upper labials and preocular white: a narrow black postocular vitta. All the 
plates and scales above and below, refulgent with a brilliant metallic lustre, as 
in Ahaetulla sp. 


One sp. Siam. Dr. W. S. W. Ruschenberger, 


Puitopryas Wagler. Type P, Olfersii. 
Nat. Syst. Amphib. 185,1830. Chlorosoma Ib. 1. c. Dryophylax Dum. & Bibr. 
Erp. Gen. vii. 1103, 1854, nec Wagler, 1820. 
[Dec. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 559 


As Wagler’s name, Chlorosoma, as applied to this genus, is etymologically 
untrue, we have followed Dr. Giinther in employing the name which immediately 
succeeds it in the “‘ Natiirliches Syst.” 

186. P. Olfersii Wagl.1.c. Herpetodryas Olfersit Schl. Dryophylax Cee D. 


&B. One sp. Brazil. 

187. P. viridissimus Giénther. Chlorosoma viridissimum Wag]. i c. Her- 
petodryas viridissimus Schl. Dryophylax viridissimus Dum. & Bibr. 
One sp. Surinam. Dr. Colhoun. 
One sp. Patr. ignot. ? 


188. P. crassifrons nobis. 

Expression slightly homalopsine: the eyes more anterior and vertical, the 
muzzle sborter, and the labials higher than is usual among tree-snakes. 
Vertical plate nearly as broad as long; occipitals broad, rounded. Postoculars 
two; preocular not reaching the vertical. Postfrontals broad transversely, 
inferiorly bordered by the postnasals and third upper labial, suture with the for 
mer longer. Superior outline of the rostral rounded. Nostril a slit; nasals 
confluent, posterior inferior angle acute. Loreal none. Superior labials eight, 
all higher than long, except the first and last; eye over the fourth and fifth, 
small. One large and three small temporals bound the external border of each, 
occipital. Inferior labials ten or eleven, sixth largest, last two or three very 
small. Pre-geneials longer than the posterior pair. Scales in nineteen long- 
itudinal rows, smooth; gastrosteges undulate near their extremities, obtusely 
keeled. Gastrosteges 206, one divided anal, urosteges 123. 

Coloration. Above uniform dark green, beneath greenish-white, chin tinged 
with yellowish. 

One sp. Cayenne. Gard. of Plants. (as Dryophylax viridissimus) 

In the proportions of the body, this serpent much resembles the P. viridis- 
3imus, but even assuming that the absence of the loreal shield is accidental, 
the proportions of the head and plates are different from those seen in our 
specimens of that species, and in the published figures of it. 


Gonyosoma Wagler. Type G.oxycephalum. 
Nat. Syst. Amphib. p. 184, 1830. 
189. G.oxycephalum Wagler. (G. viridedo. Descr. etIcon. Amphib, pl. 9. 
One gp. Java. Dr. W. S. W. Ruschenberger. 
This specimen has 27 and 28 rows of scales upon the anterior part of the body. 


Cuioropuis Hallow. Type C.heterodermus. 


Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1857, p. 61. 

Body cylindrical, tail not long ; head rather short, eyes large. Scales smooth, 
anteriorly in oblique transverse series. Nasals two, nostrils between; loreal 
large; one pre-, two postoculars. Gastrosteges faintly angular; anal plate 
entire, urosteges divided. Dentition syncranterian, 

We are inclined to regard the arrangement of the plates upon the muzzle of 
the specimen from which Dr. Hallowell drew up his diagnosis, as abnormal. 
Another specimen from Guinea exhibits the plates as described. This genus 
seems to differ from Hapsidophrys Fisch., in having a shorter tail, as well as 
smooth scales. 

* 190. C. heterodermus Hallow. 1. c. 
One sp. Gaboon. Dr. A. H. Ford. 
One sp. Guinea. P. B. Du Chaillu. 


LiorEutis Fitz. Type L. tricolor. 


Systema Reptilium, 1848, p. 26. 
This genus differs from Chlorophis in having a single nasal plate, more 


1860.] 


560 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


depressed head, equal teeth, and bifid anal plate. It seems to include Herpeto- 
dryas tricolor Schleg., Cyclophis calamaria Gthr., Cyclophis major 
Gthr., and the species below-mentioned. The scales are not keeled and the 
general form is less elongate than in Opheodrys Fitz. 


191. L. verralis nobis. Coluber vernalis DeKay, Holbrook, ete. Herpetodryas 
vernalis Hallow., Proc. A. N. 8. 1856, p. 243. Chlorosoma vernalis Bd. & Grd. 
Cyclophis virnalis Gthr. 


Two sp. Nebraska, Dr. Hammond. 
Two sp. Kansas Ge 

One sp. Michigan. Dr. Miles. 

One sp. Allegheny Co. Penna. Mr. Trout, 

One sp. Berks Co. Penna. ? vi 

Two sp. Morris Co. N. J. Dr. J. C. Fisher. 
One sp. New Jersey. Mr. C. C. Abbott. 
One sp. Rhode Island. Mr. S. Powel. 
One sp. Massachusetts. Dr. Holbrook. 
Three sp. 2 ? 


The most frequent anomaly in the arrangement of the plates of the head of 
this species is the union of the nasal and loreal. Two labials are sometimes 
confluent and the preocular is occasionally divided. 


OpxeEoprys Fitz. 
Syst. Rept. 1843, p. 26. Cyclophis Gthr. Cat. Col. Brit. Mus. 1858, p. 119. 


192. O. estivus Fitz. Coluber estivus Linn. Herpetodryas estivus Schleg., 
Dum. & Bibr., Hallow. Leptophis estivys Bell., Rolbr., Bd. & Grd. Cyclophis 
estiwvus Gthr. ; 


One sp. ‘“‘ Massachusetts.” Smiths. Inst. 

One sp. New Jersey. Mr. Ashmead. 

One sp. Pennsylvania. Mr. Allison. 

One sp. Washington, D.C. Mr. Burtt, 

One sp. South Carolina, Dr. Holbrook. 

One sp. Texas. Dr. Woodhouse. 
One sp. oe Dr. Heermann. 

One sp. v Dr. Wilson (Bp. Col.) 
Five sp. ? ? 


Dromicus Bibron. Type D. fugitivus. 
Sagra’s Hist. d’Ile Cuba, 1840, p. 221. 


193. D.fugitivus Gthr. Col. fugitivus Donnd. C.cursorShaw. Herpeto- 
dryas cursor Schleg. Dromicus cursor Bibr. 


Var. Gthr. One sp. Trinidad. Dr. S. W. Mitchell. 
One sp. 2 ? 
2? Var. One sp. Martinique. Gard. Plants, in ex. 
194. D. ater Gthr. Natriz atra Gosse. . 
One sp. Jamaica. Dr. Fisher. 
Four sp. ? x 
195. D.antillensis Dum. § Bibr. Psammophis antillensis Schl. e 
One sp. St. Thomas. Mr. Robt. Swift. 


Drymosius Fitz. Type D. margaritiferus. 


Syst. Rept. 1842, p. 26. 
a. One preocular plate. 


[ Dec. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 561 


196. D.margaritiferus Fitz. Herpetodryas margaritiferus Schl. Leptophis 
margaritiferus Dum. & Bibr. Zamenis tricolor Hallow. Dromicus (!) margariti- 
jerus Gthr. 


One sp. ‘Omoa, Honduras. Dr. Le Conte. 

One ‘* Honduras. Dr. Woodhouse. 
One ‘¢ Panama. Dr, LeConte. 
Three ‘ Central America. Mr. Cuming, in ex. 


197. D. Boddartii nobis. Coluber Boddertii Steetzen, 1795. Col. fuscus 
Hallow. Proc. A. N.S. Phila. 1845, II. p. 241, nec Linn. Herpetodryas Boddertii 
Schleg., Dum. & Bibr., Gthr. 


Unicolor var. Two sp. Surinam. Mr. Wood. 
Two “ Caraccas. Mr. Ashmead. 
One “ 2 Mr. Cuming, ex. 
One ‘ Veragua, N. Grenada. Mr. R. W. Mitchell. 
Banded var. One ‘ Caraccas. Mr. A. B. Durand. 
One ‘ ? Mr. Cuming, ex. 


In the banded variety a light band runs along the fourth row of scales. In 
our second specimen the light color of the abdomen involves the first two rows, 
leaying a narrow brown band upon the third row, below the light one. 


198. D. Rappii nobis. Herpetodryas Rappii Gthr., Catal. Snakes Brit. Mus. 
1858, p. 116. . 


One sp. Caraccas. Mr. Ashmead. 
Two ‘ 14 ? 


6, Preoculars two, scales keeled. Dendrophidium Fitz. 
199. D. dendrophis nobis. Herpetodryas dendrophis Schleg., Gthr. H. Poitet 
Dum. & Bibr. 
One sp. S. America. ? 
ec. Preoculars two, scales smooth. Masticophis Bd. & Grd. 


200. D. flagelliformis nobis. Herpetodryas psammophis Schl. H. flagelli- 
formis Dum. & Bibr., Gthr. Psammophis flagelliformis Holbr. Masticophis flagelli- 
formis Bd. & Grd. 

One sp. Georgia, 
One sp. Young. S. Carolina. Dr. Blanding, (‘‘ Coluber reticularis.’’) 

201. D.testaceus nobis. Coluber testaceus Say, 1853. Psammophis flavigu- 


laris Hallow., 1852. Masticophis flavigularis et testaceus Bd. & Grd., 1853. Her- 
petodryas flavigularts Hallow. et Gthr. (Quid Coryphodon testaceus ? Gthr.) 


Three sp. Texas. Dr. Heermann. 
Two sp. Cross-Timbers, Ind. Ter’y. Dr. Woodhouse. 
One sp. Cape St. Lucas, Lower Cal. Smithsonian Inst. 


In one of the specimens from Texas, the anterior part of the tail, and part of 
the body are lustrous black; in all three the teeth are of alight sea-green 
color, at their bases. In the specimen from Cape St. Lucas, the head is deep 
orown; a light line extends anterior to the eye, and one along the median 
upper labials, which sends a vertical branch to the postoculars. Throat and 
chin brown with yellow variations, anterior part of the body crossed for 2 
short distance by incomplete cross bands. (Vid. Hallowell, U.S. Pac, R. R. 
Surv. Rept. x. Williamson’s Exp. Reptiles, p. 12.) 

202. D. teniatus nobis. Leptophis teniata Hallow. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. 
1852, p. 181. Masticophis teniatus B. & G. Cat. Serp. 1853, 108. Leptophis later- 
alis Hallow. Proc. Acad. 1853, p. Masticophis Schottii B. & G. Cat. Serp. 1853, 

. 160. 

e The fundamental pattern of coloration in this species consists in a unicolor 


1860.] 


562 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


dorsal region, and lineated sides, a dark line running through the centre of each 
row of scales upon the latter region and upon the ends of the gastrosteges. The 
intervals between these lines may be variously shaded. When a light color 
appears between each, we have the form ¢ematus. (U.S. Pac. R. R. Expl. 
Rept. x. Beckwith’s Rept. Pl. xxiii.) When the intervals involving the ends of 
the gastrosteges, the first, second and half the third rows of scales, are dark, half 
the third and fourth being bright yellow, we have Jateralis or Schottti. (Mex. 
Bound. Surv. pl. 17.) Sometimes only the interval between the lines of the 
second and third rows is dark ; sometimes this occurs, theinferior half of the first 
Tow being also shaded. The uniform olive brown of the back is formed by the con- 
fluence of the widened longitudinal bands; the exterior basal portions of the 
dorsal scales, are however sometimes yellow, like the ground upon the sides. 
One sp. California. Dr. Heermann. 
One sp. Arizona. Smiths. Inst. 


Herpetopryas Boie. Type H. carinatus. 


Bullet. de Sci. Nat. et Geol. Octob., 1826, p. 237. Macrops Wagl. Nat. Syst. 
Ampbib. 1830, p. 

203. H.carinatus (Bote ) Schlegel. Herpetologists have distinguished two 
species as confounded in the H.clarinatus of Schlegel’s Essai, and have 
characterized them as possessing, the one, smooth scales, the other, cari- 
nate. After acareful study of our specimens, we have arrived at the con- 
clusion that there is no ground for jregarding one series of specimens possess- 
ing caring upon the scales, as representing a species distinct from another 
series, whose scales are keelless. Specimens in which two or three labials 
enter the orbit and which have the anal divided, differ in this respect, as 
do also those with an entire anal plate, and three or two upper labials 
entering the orbit. A specimen from near Rio Janeiro is obviously 
Natriz scurrula of Wagler, (Spix, Serp. Braz. pl.) Another specimen from 
Surinam is quite as slender as Ahaetulla picta. In color, specimens vary 
from black olivaceous with a yellow dorsal line, and spots upon the first row of 
scales upon the tail, to gray brown with oblique transverse bands. A speci- 
men received from the Garden of Plants, exhibits two preoculars, and three 
or four postoculars. That a careful anatomical investigation may demon- 
strate the existence of several species among these individuals, is not improb- 
able. 

Besides the synonymes ordinarily quoted under the ‘‘species’ fuscus and 
carinatus, there may be added, Coluber Spizit Hallowell, Proc. Phil. Acad. 
ii. p. 241, and C. Pickeringz Hallow. 1. c. p. 242, 


Ten sp. Surinam. Dr. Hering. 
Three sp. (Types Hallow. sp.) Near Caraccas. Mr. Ashmead. 
One sp. (‘‘ Dendrophis viridis D,B.”) Para. Col. Abert. 
One sp. ; Surinam. Dr. Colhoun. 
One sp. Rio Janeiro. 
One sp. ? Gard. Plants in ex. 
Three sp. ? 

204. H. sebastus nobis. ° 


As a representative of its genus, this species is of a very elongate and com- 
pressed form, with the scales arranged in transverse series, and with two 
medial dorsal rows, larger than the others; the dentition isodont. 

The specific characters are as follows: tail one-third the total length. 
Seales large, in ten longitudinal rows, entirely smooth. Anal shield entire. 
Head distinct from the neck, lanceolate. Eye large, superciliaries prominent. 
Upper head shields large. Vertical elongate, broad anteriorly, lateral borders 
concave, convergent. Post-frontals bent upon the sides. Rostral as high as 
broad. Nostril between two nasals, each of the latter higher than broad. 
Loreal rectangular, longer than high. One preocular scarcely reaching the 
vertical. Postoculars two, inferior largest ; the two bounded posteriorly by the 


[Dec. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 563 


occipital and a large temporal plate. Assecond large temporal, separating 
the last upper labial from the occipital. Superior labials nine, fourth, fifth 
and sixth entering the orbit; seventh subtrigonal, last two elongate. Inferior 
labials ten; post-genials longer than anterior. Gastrosteges not angulated, 
153 in number. 

Coloration.—A light brownish fulvous, paler on the belly, darker upon the 
occipital region. 

One specimen, native country unknown, but may perhaps prove to be from 
Hastern Asia or Malaysia. 


Zaocys nobis. Type Z.dhumnades. 


Form slender, vertebral line angular. Two medial series of dorsal scales; 
those of the sides quincuncially arranged. Two nasals, one loreal, two pre- 
ocular shields. . 

The large isodont serpents which have the median dorsal line elevated into 
a ridge, and the sides compressed more or less ‘‘en toit” appear to us to be 
naturally distinguished as follows: 

A. Two median dorsal series of scales. 


Herpetodryas. Scales in more or less transverse series, one preocular. 
Zaocys. Scales.in quincunx; two preoculars. 
B. One median dorsal series of scales. 
a. Loreals more than one. 
Ptyas. Preoculars two or more. 
6. Not more than one loreal or preocular. 
Spilotes. Scales in sub-transverse series; head very distinct from neck ; 
loreal trapezoidal. 
Celognathas. Scales quincuncial; head but little distinct; loreal trape- 
zoidal. 

Gonyosoma. Loreal three times as long as high or absent ; muzzle very acute. 

In proposing the name Zaocys for the Coryphodontes carinatus and 
fuscus of Giinther, and in retaining Fitzinger’s name Ptyas for the C. Blu- 
menbachiiand C. korros of the Erpetologie General, we are giving ex- 
pression to an opinion long held by us, as to the unnatural association of 
species in the so-called genus Coryphodon, of those authors. In it we find 
cylindrical terrestrial serpents united with compressed subarboricole species, 
upon a peculiarity whose value as an index of nature appears to us entirely 
imaginary. The very nature of the coryphodontian type of dentition as dis- 
tinguished from the zsodontian and syncrantertan would lead us to infer its in- 
constancy ; and it does exist, we believe, in species claimed to be isodont; e. g. 
in the genera Lampropeltis, Drymobius, etc. 


205. Z.dhumnades nobis. Coluber dhumnades Cantor, 1842. “ C. nigromargi- 
naius Blyth, 1855.” Coryphodon carinatus Gthr., 1858. 
Three sp. Ningpo, China. Dr. McCartee. 
Besides the species of this genus, and of Herpetodryas, Dendrophis pseu- 
dodipsas of Bianconi, from Mosambique, possesses two medial dorsal series 
of scales. 


Pryas Fitz. Type P.mucosus, 
Systema Reptilium, p. 26, 1843. 


206. P.mucosus nobis. Coluber mucosus Linn. Col. Blumenbachii MerTew. 
Coryphodon Blumenbachii Dum. & Bibr. Ptyas Blumenbachit Fitz. 
One sp. East Indies, Mr. Yarrow. 


207. P.korros nobis. Coluber korros Reinwt., Schleg. Coryphodon korros 
Dum. & Bibr. Coluber cancellatus Oppel. 


One sp. (80 in.) Siam, Dr. Ruschenberger. 
One sp. ? ? 


1860.) 


564 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


Spitotes Wagler.. Type S. pullatus. 
Natur. Syst. Amphib. p. 179, 1830. Drymarchon et Thamnobius Fitz., 1843. 
Georgia Baird and Girard, 1853. 


208. S. pullatus Wagl. Coluber pullatus Linn. Col. variabilis Neuwied. Spi- 
lotes variabilis Dum. & Bibr. 


One sp. Brazil, Dr. Strain. 
One sp. Surinam, Mr. Keller. 
One sp. S. America, Mr. Cuming in ex. 
Two sp. a6 ? 
209. S.poecilostoma Dum.& Bibr. Coluber poecilostoma Neuw. 
One sp. S. America, u 
210. 2S. poecilonotus Gthr. 
One sp. Caraccas, Mr. W. G. Boulton. 


Our specimen differs from Giinther’s type, in having the carination of the 
dorsal scales quite weak, the lateral borders of the vertical plate but little 
concave, the last two upper labials confluent on both sides, and nearly all the 
scales on the anterior half of the body with yellow centres. 

211. S.melanurus Dum. & Bibr. 

One sp. Panama, Drs. Gallaer & Le Conte. 
One sp. Caraccas, Mr. Ashmead. 

This species is certainly very nearly allied to the S. corais, but we cannot 
at present agree with Giinther in regarding it as the young of that species. 
The corais is stouter in form, and does not probably exhibit a black tail, 
and black lines upon the neck, at any age. 

212. S.corais Dum. § Bibr. Coluber coratis Cuvier. 


One sp. (very large) Surinam, Dr. Hering. 
One sp. (half grown) a 
One sp. (very young) tf Dr. Colhoun. 


In the young specimen there are forty-one pairs of oblique dark grey cross- 
bands on the body above. 

213. S.erebennus nobis. Coluber obsoletus Holbrook, not Say. Georgia 
obsoleta Ba. & Grd. 

Independently of color, this species differs from the c orafs in the shorter 
loreal, longer inferior postogular, and longer external longitudinal border of 
occipital plate. The fifth and seventh superior labials are entirely separated 
by the sixth. 

One sp. Eagle Pass, Texas, Smithsonian Inst. 
214. S. Couperi nobis. Coluber Couperi Holbrook. Georgia Couperi Bd. & Gird. 
In this noble species there is one superior labial less than in S. cora{s: 

the fifth and seventh labial plates form a suture above the sixth,as in thatserpent. 

One sp. Georgia, Dr. Holbrook. 


CorLoenatuus Fitzinger. Type C. radiata. 
Syst. Rept. p. 26, 1843. Compsosoma Dumeril, Prodrome de la Class. Ophid. 
p. 57, 1853. Spilotes Giinther, 1858, nec Wagler, 1830. 
Coluber reticularis Cantor and Spilotes Hodgsonii Gthr. belong to this 
genus. 
215. C.melanura. Coluber melanurus Schl. Compsosoma melanurum Dum. 


Spilotes melanurus Gthr. 
One sp. Java, Gard. Plants, Paris, in ex, 


This specimen agrees exactly with Herr Schlegel’s description, though sent 
with the label “ C. radiatum, Var. B, D. & B.” 
216. C. limicolor nobis. 
Cynopuis Gray. Type C. helena. 
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1847, p.246. PlagiodonDum. Erp. Gen. vii. p. 169, 1854. 
[Dec. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 565 


217. C. helena Giinther. Coluber helena Daud,, 1802. Cynophis bistrigatu 
Gray, l. c., 1849. 

Our single specimen differs slightly from descriptions in the arrangement of 
the colors upon the upper surface of the body. Hence we append the following 
notes. 

Scales small, entirely smooth, in twenty-seven longitudinal series. Tail two- 
ninths the entire length. Head slightly distinct, acute. Rostral plate rather 
prominent, as high as broad, visible from above, Two small supplemental 
plates between it and the prefrontals : the latter as long as broad. Postfrontals 
longer than broad; superciliaries narrow; vertical rather broad anteriorly, 
elongate, the lateral borders straight, and so convergent as to render it almost 
trilateral. Occipitals elongate truncate posteriorly, two elongate temporals 
bound the external border. Nasals two, large, nostrils between; loreal longer 
than high, the posterior border curved oblique. Preocular large, reaching the 
vertical, rugulose; postoculars two. Superior labials ten, eye resting on the 
fifth, sixth and seventh ; eighth longer than high, ninth higher than long, both 
bounded above by an elongate temporal. Inferior labials twelve, seventh 
largest; pregeneials longer than postgeneials. Postabdominal scute entire. 
Gastrosteges 223, a little recurved upon the sides; urosteges 88 pair. Tota, 
length, 29 in. 3 1., of tail 6 in. 61. 

Coloration. Under surface light yellow, with a few black specks upon the 
extremities of the scales anteriorly. Above a delicate fawn brown, the two 
inferior rows of scales paler. Anterior to the middle of the body, the scales 
of the rows between the third and tenth assume a darker shade; this becomes 
a distinct lateral band posteriorly, and extends to the extremity of the tail. 
On the anterior third of the body, the skin, upon being stretched, exhibits the 
following pattern. Pale trigonal areas, alternating and extending from the me- 
dian line to the ninth row of scales upon each side. A series of small light spots 
upon the eighth row alternates with these. Lower down, opposite to the first, 
are diamond shaped pale areas, and a second row of larger alternating spots 
upon the second, third and fourth rows of scales. The spots of this and of 
the upper series become larger anteriorly, and are bordered above and below 
with black; the pale areas become obsolete. There are two parallel black 
lines upon the neck ; one oblique, upon each side of the neck; one extending 
from the eye to the mouth, upon the upper border of the eighth superior labial, 
and an obscure one upon the common suture of the occipitals. 


One sp. Ceylon, Mr. Cuming in ex, 
ELapHE Fitzinger. Type E. ?sauromates. 


In Wagler’s Icones Amphibiorum, 1833, pl. 27. Syst. Rept., 1843, p. 26. 
Elaphis Gthr. Catal., 1858, p. 92, nec Dum. & Bibr., 1854. 


218. E. quaterradiatus. Tropidonotus elaphis Wagl. Natrix elaphis 
Bonap. Llaphis quaterradiatus Dum. & Bib. 
Six sp. Italy, Dr. Wilson. (Bp. Coll.) 


219. E. teniurus nobzs. 
As in many other serpents of Eastern Asia, the maxillary and mandibular 


teeth become gradually longer anteriorly. Head slightly distinct, lanceolate, 
muzzle obtuse. ‘Tail one-fifth the total length, flat beneath. Twenty-five 
rows of scales, those from the ninth to the sixteenth keeled. Rostral plate 
broader than high, the labial suture one-third the nasal, less than the pre- 
frontal. Hight superior labials, fourth and fifth bounding the orbit. | Seventh 
much longer than high, bounded above by a long temporal, and by a short 
one, which also bounds the eighth labial. Postoculars two, superior largest. 
Preoculars two, as in other species of the genus, the superior very large, its 
horizontal diameter greater than the length of the loreal. The latter plate 
much longer than high. Postfrontals large, bent upon the sides. Anterior 


1860.] 39 


566 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


border of the vertical shorter than the straight, convergent lateral ; posterior 
angle obtuse. Superciliaries large. Occipitals elongate, external borders 
convergent, bounded by two long temporals. Inferior labials ten, eleven, or 
twelve. Gastrosteges 232; one divided anal; urosteges 101 pair. Total 
length of specimen from Ningpo 64 in., tail 13 in. ; specimen from Siam 30 in., 
tail 6 in., 3 lines. 

Coloration. Above, an olivaceous ash, or clay color, more olive anteriorly. 
A blackish lateral band extends from the tip of the tail, throughout the poste- 
rior third of the body, where it extends from the second to the ninth rows of 
scales, reducing the ground color to a dorsal stripe of three or four scales in 
width. It is divided by a number of irregular narrow vertical lines, at regular 
distances. The superior border is prolonged upon the anterior two-thirds of 
the body as an irregular, narrow, longitudinal black band, connected with 
that of the opposite side by similar short transverse bands at distances of four 
or five scales. Irregular black borders and centres of the median lateral 
scales, are the only indications of the inferior part of the lateral band anterior- 
ly. Gastrosteges tipped with black anteriorly; the central parts become 
gradually darker posteriorly, but finally give place to a yellow median band 
which extends to the tip of the tail. This is bounded by a blackish band on 
each side, which is separated from that of the sides by another yellow one, 
which involves the tips of the gastrosteges, and first row of scales. The only 
marking upon the head is a black postocular vitta, which extends along the 
upper borders of the labials and no farther, parallel to the commissure of the 
mouth. Pectus, throat, chin and superior Jabials yellowish. 

One sp. Ningpo, Dr. McCartee. 

One sp. Siam, Dr. J. E. Simple, U. S. N. 


We can find no notice of this fine serpent, except a brief description appended 
. to specimen c under Elaphis virgatus of the British Museum Catalogue. 
This specimen, which is from Chikiang, China, most probably belongs to the 
present species. Elaphis virgatus differs from taeniurus in its more 
elevated rostral with more equal borders, its shorter loreal and preocular, 
etc. 

E. bilineatus Hallowell, Proc. Acad., 1860, p. 497, from Japan, is near- 
ly allied to, if not a variety of, E. quadrivirgatus Gthr. 


Note.—In these Proceedings, 1860, p. 241, we characterized a genus of ser- 
pents from West Africa, having entire urosteges, under the name Pariaspis. 
This name we find must give way to Elapops, Gthr., of a few months prior 
date; vid. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1859,151. E. modestus Githr., appears to 
differ from E, plumbeater in having but one postocular, two temporals 
bounding the occipital instead of one, and in color. In the latter species there 
is no shade of olivaceous. The plate represents a rather broader vertical and 
perhaps a smaller rostral. We look for further specimens to substantiate these 
differences. 

Oxyrhopus melanocrotaphus nobis, 1. ¢., p. 260, is apparently Crotaphopeltis 
rufescens Fiz. The latter genus differs from Sibon in its entire anal plate. 

Phimothyra nobis, 1. c., p. 253, is intended to take the place of Salvadora Bd. 
& Grd., the latter name having been previously applied by Linnzus to a genus 
of plants. 

Phyllobates auratus, l.c., p.372, was erroneously stated to inhabit Chili. 
It has as yet been found only on the Island of Taboga, Bay of Panama. 

We are authorized to state that Lampropeltis multistriata Kennicott, }. c., 
p. 328, is a misprint for L.multistrata Kenn. 


[Dec. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 567 


Descriptions of some New Species of Tertiary Fossils from Chiriqui, Central 
America. 


BY W. M. GABB. 


The following species were collected by Dr. John Evans during his examina- 
tions, under the patronage of the U. S. Government, in Chiriqui. I have, as 
yet, received no definite information in regard to their exact locality or geo- 
logical position. The material is too scant to form a definite idea in regard to 
their age, but I believe them to be Miocene. Full information on the subject 
will be contained in Dr. Evans’s report. It is worthy of notice that among a 
large number of specimens there should be so few species. The matrix is a 
dark, almost black, highly bituminous shale. 


TEREBRA. 


T. Evansii. Shell turrited, whorls about eight or nine, angulated above; 
suture distinct; surface polished and marked by an impressed line about a 
third of the width of the whorl from the upper edge; below marked by several 
faint revolving lines. Aperture subquadrate, columella somewhat prolonged, 
tortuous, and with two faint folds; outer lip sinuous, most prominent near the 
lower part of the mouth. Rather common. 

Dimensions.—Length, 1 inch; width of body-whorl, °5 in.; length of aper- 
ture, -4 in. 

TELLINA. 

T. semilevis. Shell subtriangular, truncate posteriorly, inequilateral ; 
beaks one-third of the distance from the posterior extremity, with a faint 
angulation extending from them, parallel with the posterior side, to the 
margin; posterior side nearly straight; posterior angle obtuse; anterior end 
regularly rounded ; surface, in the young state, smooth; in the adults, with the 
marginal half concentrically striate. Very rare. 

Dimensions.—Length, -6 in.; width, °75 in.; thickness, -35 in. 


CHIONE. 


C. suleata. Shell ventricose, robust, produced posteriorly; umbones 
large and round; anterior margin regularly rounded, basal sinuous, posterior 
nearly straight. Umbonal ridge rounded, with the shell posterior to it at a 
right angle with the rest of the shell, and with a very distinct depression or 
sulcus anterior to it. Surface marked by about twenty heavy transverse ribs, 
crossed by numerous radiating impressed lines. Inner margin crenulate 
Rare. 

Dimensions.—Length, -6 in.; width, ‘8 in.; thickness, ‘6 in. 


ARCA. 


A. Chiriquiensis. Ventricose, inequilateral, umbones very large; 
hinge line short, with the teeth very small and at right angles to the hinge. 
Surface marked by numerous radiating ribs, with the depressions between 
them of about the same size as the ribs: these are crossed by very distinct 
lines of growth; and on the ribs are numerous small nodes, which appear to 
be independent of the lines of growth, and are not merely squamose elevations. 
These nodes are most prominent on the anterior ribs, and become gradually 
fainter posteriorly until, posterior to the umbonal ridge, they disappear. Area 
wide and marked by very few angular lines. This species is exceedingly 
common, and is sometimes nearly three inches across. 

Dimensions of the most perfect specimen.—Length, 1°5 in.; width, 1-6 in. ; depth 
of valve, -8 in. 

MEMBRANIPORA. 


M. speciosa G@abb and Horn. Colony in small encrusting patches, com- 


1860.] 


568 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


posed of cells arranged in irregular lines ; cells large, broadly oval ; openings of 
the same shape as the cells, though smaller, by the projection inwards of the 
wall of the cell. Between the cells are numerous small interspaces formed by 
the inaccurate apposition of the cells. In this species we found no ovarian 
vesicles. The common base of the colony is longitudinally and obliquely striate. 


Descriptions of Three New Species of Starfishes from Cape St. Lucas. 
BY JOHN XANTUS. 


1. ASTERIAS SERTULIFERA, Xantus. 

With five moderately tapering and somewhat angular arms. Length of each 
arm about two and a quarter times the diameter of the disk. Ambulacral 
spines very slender, flattened, linear, mostly in a single row. Exterior to them, 
on the ventral side, a double or treble row of stouter spines of equal length, 
also somewhat flattened, with blunt extremities. Back of the arm with five 
pretty regular rows of cylindrical or moderately-tapering spines nearly as large 
as those on the belly. The lateral rows are more regular than the others, and 
the spines of these rows arise from a very regular series of subtriangular 
ossicles, one spine to every alternate ossicle. These back-spines are all 
crowned at or near their tips with a thick wreath of minute pedicellariz. No 
pedicellarie in the intervals between the spines. Rarely a large pedicellaria 
in the ambulacral furrows. 

Diameter, four and a half inches. 

Related to A. glacialis. 

Found on rocks at low-water mark. 


2. HELIASTER MICROBRACHIA, Xantus. 

Arms thirty-five in number, each in length forming about one-eighth the 
entire diameter of the body. Ambulacral pores very small, in four rows. 
Ambulacral spines stout, blunt, and forming a single row. Lateral spines of 
the arms compressed, very broad and flat, often bifurcated at their extremities. 
Dorsal spines very small and numerous, uniformly distributed, scattered with- 
out order over the surface of the disk and arms. 

Diameter, seven inches. 


3. HELIASTER KUBINIJI, Xantus. 

Arms twenty-two to twenty-four in number, each in length forming rather 
less than one-third the whole diameter of the body. Ambulacral spines in a 
single row. Ventral spines compressed at their extremities. Dorsal spines 
capitate, in four to six series on the back of the arms; on the disk much 
larger and less numerous, and with flat or even concave tops. Pedicellarie 
thickly distributed between the spines. 

Diameter, seven inches. 

Collected at Cerro Blanco, off Cape St. Lucas. 

I take pleasure in dedicating this species to my countryman M. Kubiniji, the 
accomplished Director of the Hungarian National Museum at Pesth. 


Type specimens of all of the above species have been transmitted to the 
Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. 


Descriptions of Two New Species of Pimelodus, from Kansas. 
BY CHARLES C. ABBOTT. 


1 Pimelodus Hammondii, Abbott.—Spec. char. Body slender, elon- 
gated, and much compressed; the dorsal outline anterior to the dorsal fin, and 
the facial outline, descend obliauely to the margin of the jaws, withoat curva- 


[Dec. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 569 


ture. The head is much depressed, and very broad, constituting somewhat 
less than one-fifth of the total length. The mouth is small, and has the upper 
jaw the longer. The maxillar barbles extend a slight distance beyond the 
branchial aperture. The eye is of medium size, circular; its diameter enter- 
ing six times in the length of the side of the head; the orbits are nearly four 
diameters apart. The spine of the dorsal fin is perfectly smooth ; and the spine 
of the pectoral very coarsely serrated. The caudal fin is moderately forked. 
5 


The numbers of the fin rays are D, 1-6. P, 1-10. V, 8. A, 24. C, 27- 
; 5 


Color. In alcoholic specimens, the head, back and upper half of the sides are 
bright sienna; the belly silvery white. Margin of the dorsal, caudal, and anal 
fins, glossy black; the marking on the anal broader and not so deep. Numer- 
ous small, circular black spots are scattered irregularly over the body, in ap- 
pearance similar to those of the Trout (S. fontinalis), except in color. 

Habitat. Fort Reily, Kansas. 

This species is named in honor of Dr. Wm. A. Hammond, who has presented 
the Academy with many new and valuable western fishes. 


2. Pimelodns notatus, Abbott.—Spec. char. The head and body are 
very much compressed, and the body tapers rapidly to the tail. The peduncle 
of the tail is slender and increases in width as it approaches the insertion of the 
fin. The facial outline is very oblique, and with the dorsal outline makes con- 
siderable curvature, from the anterior insertion of the dorsal fin to the extrem- 
ity of the upper jaw. The eyes are large, situated equidistantly between the 
extremity of the upper jaw and margin of the opercle ; the diameter of the orbit 
is contained four times in the length of the side of the head. The spines of 
both dorsal and pectoral fins are finally serrated. The anterior insertion of 
the dorsal fin is equidistant between the insertions of the pectoral and vential 
fins. The extremities of the rays of the pectoral extend to the insertion of the 
ventral fins. The extremities of the rays of the ventral extend beyond the an- 
terior insertion of the anal fin. The anal fin is large; the base equal to one- 
fourth of the total length. The caudal fin is very deeply forked. 

The numbers of the fin-rays are D, V, A, C. 

Color. In alcoholic specimens, the head and back are umber color; sides and 
belly yellowish, with metallic lustre. A circular black spot exists at the 
origin of the lateral line. 

Total length seven inches. 

Habitat. Fort Reily, Kansas. 

Dr. Wm. A. Hammond has presented the Academy with a single specimen of 
this Pimelodus. 


Descriptions of new North American Coleoptera, in the Cabinet of the 
Entomological Society of Philadelphia. 


BY GEO. H. HORN. 
NOMARETUS Lec. 


N. imperfectus.—Black, smooth and glossy; antenne and palpi rufous ; 
thorax cordate, canaliculate, narrowed posteriorly, with a slight transverse 
and rather deep basal impression; elytra each four striate, stri# punctate, 
and decreasing in length from the suture outwardly, fourth stria obsolescent, 
the arrangement of the strie forms an oblong space, which is slightly flattened, 
sides of elytra smooth and glossy. 

Length 40. 

Plate 8, fig. 1. 

This beautiful little insect, of which but few specimens have been obtained, 
has been found only in Hampshire county, Virginia, in the most rocky portions 


1860.] 


576 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


of the Allegheny ridge, which traverses that section. The species may be 
easily distinguished from any other of this genus, by its four striate elytra, 
the species previously described have their elytra ten or eleven striate. 


ARHOPALUS, Serv. 


A. Wilsonii.—Brown, head large, eyes and tip of mandibles black; an- 
tenn long, equalling, in males, one and a half times the length of the insect ; 
thorax spheroidal, faintly margined anteriorly and posteriorly with yellow ; 
elytra each with a short basal band of yellow, which does not extend com- 
pletely over the humerus, an oblique yellow band a little before the middle, 
which widens as it passes outwardly, with a marginal and a faint sutural ex- 
tension of the same towards the base of the elytra; femora slightly clavate ; 
posterior tibiz much flattened, curved, and blackish towards the tips; tarsi 
testaceous, claws black. 

Length, -75. 

Plate 8, fig. 4. 

Two specimens. Comal county, Texas. It affords me pleasure to dedicate 
this beautiful species to my friend, Dr. Thomas B. Wilson, whose labors for ento- 
mological science I endeavor to acknowledge. 


CLYTUS, Fabr. 


C. nitidus.—Black, antenne short, head large, with two vertical yellow 
lines ; thorax spheroidal, margined anteriorly and posteriorly with yellow, at 
the posterior third are four short yellow bands in one transverse row; elytra 
with four yellow bands, the third and fourth transverse, the latter terminal, 
the anterior two bands oblique, and united by a sutural stripe; an obsolete 
patch of yellow near the humerus; incisures margined with yellow; sides of 
pectus yellow; legs rufous, hairy; posterior pair elongate; femora clavate, 
covered with minute cinereous hairs, and blackish towards the tips; posterior 
femora not spinous. c 

Length, -42—-50. 

Plate 8, fig. 2. 

Only two specimens have been examined. It may be worthy of notice that 
these were obtained from widely separated localities. The specimen in the 
Society’s cabinet was taken in Comal county, Texas, while that in the collec- 
tion of Mr. George Newman was obtained in Gloucester county, N. J. They 
have been several times compared, and have been found to differ only in size, 
the Texas specimen being the larger. 


LEPTURA, Linn. 


L. aurata.—Yellowish; eyes black; labrum sometimes of a metallic 
green color ; head and thorax rufous, the latter somewhat globular, much con- 
tracted anteriorly and slightly posteriorly ; elytra yellowish, clothed with short 
golden hairs, densely punctured, slightly narrowed posteriorly, with a lateral 
and a sutural stripe on each, extending over three-fourths of the length of the 
elytra. The lateral stripe is sometimes broad and clavate; legs yellowish ; 
femora more or less clavate. 

Length, -32—:34. 

Plate 8, fig. 5. 

Allegheny Ridge, Western Virginia. Abundant. The male of this species 
is much smaller than the female, more slender in form, and elytra much more 
narrowed toward the apex, and the lateral and sutural stripes not so broad. 


L. nitidicollis.—Black ; first joint of the antenne brown; mandibles 
and palpi yellowish, with the tip of the former and last joint of the latter 
blackish; head and thorax glossy, the latter narrowed in front, obtusely 


[Dee. 


4 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 571 


angulated at the sides, dorsal line distinct; elytra gradually tapering 
toward the apex, which is round, a linear marginal, and a median yellowish 
stripe on each elytron, extending nearly to the apex, where it becomes confluent 
with the suture, the median is suddenly expanded anteriorly to the scutel, and 
posteriorly from the suture outward; legs rufous; femora slightly clavate, and 
black toward the tips. 

Length, -32—-36. 

Plate 8, fig. 6. 

Allegheny Ridge, Western Virginia. This species varies by the posterior 
fourth of the median stripe in some specimens tapering to a point, and in others 
it is separated from the remainder of the stripe. 

The male, as in the former species, is smaller and more slender in form than 
the female. 


ZEGILOPSIS. 
Antenne approximate, longer than the body, dewsely pilose beneath, first 


~ joint cylindrical, equalling in length the third or fourth joint. 


Hyes lateral, slightly angulate posteriorly, front elongated, inflexed; head 
and prothorax of equal breadth; elyt® somewhat broader; prothorax un- 
armed; ungues not connate at base. 

This genus belongs in the same group of the Lami, with the American 
genera Hippopsis and Spacalopsis. 


A. cinerea.—Elongate, cinereous, antenne black, with the proximal 
extremity of the joints ringed with ash color; thorax cylindrical, much longer 
than wide, with four longitudinal dark stripes, two lateral, and two close 
together on the superior surface; elytra, with two dark obsolete stripes on 
each, one sutural and the other traversing the middle of each elytron; sparsely 
punctured, with black, erect hairs scattered over the surface; apices of elytra 
spinous, and slightly pilose. 

Length, -25—-30. 

Plate 8, fig. 7. 

The Society possesses two specimens; they were taken in Comal county, 
Texas, by E. T. Cresson. 


EURYOPTERA. 


Eyes deeply emarginate; palpi nearly equal; labrum not emarginate; an- 
terior coxe not contiguous; meso-sternum triangular, apex acute. 


E. sanguinicollis.—Black, opaque, finely granulate, head black, antenn» 
black, brownish toward the tips, slightly pilose; thorax bright red, slightly 
canaliculate, twice as broad as long, obtusely angulated on the sides, much 
contracted posteriorly, narrower than the elytra; elytra black, sides flattened 
anteriorly, narrowed in the middle, and much broader posteriorly; legs black, 
pilose ; femora strongly clavate; tarsi clothed underneath with silvery white 
pubescence. 

Length, -54. 

Plate 8, fig. 3. 

Northern New York, Mr. T. B. Ashton. The general appearance of this 
beautiful insect, is that of a Callidium, with a slightly canaliculate thorax; it 
differs, however, in the non-contiguity of the anterior coxe. 


The Reports of the Recording Secretary, Librarian and Curators 
were read, as follows :-— 


1860.] 


on 
~! 
bo 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


REPORT OF THE RECORDING SECRETARY FOR 1860. 


During the year ending 30th November, 1860, there have been elected 
twenty-one members and six correspondents. 

One member has resigned. 

Three members have forfeited their membership. 

The elections of four members have been reconsidered and declared null and 
void under Art. IV. of Chapter II. of the By-laws. 

Seven members have died, to wit: Major John Le Conte, late Vice-President 
of the Academy, Mr. George W. Carpenter, late Treasurer of the Academy, 
Edward Hallowell, M. D., Mr. Augustus E. Jessup, Mr. Peter A. Browne, 
Bernard Henry, M. D., Henry Clay Caldwell, M. D., late U. S. Navy. 

The deaths of the following correspondents have been announced: Mr. Vic- 
tor Andubon, Prof. A. M. C. Dumeril, Dr. David Dale Owen. : 

On the 26th of June, Mr. William €. Henszey was unanimously elected 
Treasurer, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Mr. George W. Car- 
penter. 

During the same period the following papers were read before the Academy, 
and published in its Proceedings and Journal, except one of those read before 
the Biological Department, which was published in a medical Journal select- 
ed by the author, Mr. Gabb’s Catalogue of the Museum and Dr. Fisher’s 
Index, not yet printed. 

By J. G. Anthony: ‘‘ Descriptions of new Species of American fiuviatile 
Gasterpods.”’ 

By Charles C. Abbott, six, to wit: ‘‘ Descriptions of new Species of Ameri- 
can fresh-water Fishes.’”’ ‘‘ Description of a new Species of Chatoéssus, ete.’’ 
‘«Descriptions of new Species of North American Cyprinide.’’ ‘‘ Description 
of a new species of Exocetus from Chili.”’ ‘‘ Descriptions of new Species of 
apodal Fishes, ete.” 

By W. G. Binney, two, to wit: ‘‘ Notes on American Land Shells, No. 6.” 
‘« Description of new Species of Pulmonata, etc.’’ 

By J. B. Buckley, three, to wit: ‘‘ Texas Ants.”’ ‘‘The Stinging or Mound- 
making Ant of Texas, etc.’’ ‘‘ Descriptions of several new Species of Planis.”’ 

By P. P. Carpenter, ‘‘ Notice of a Collection of Shells, made at Cape San 
Lucas, Lower California.’’ 

By John Cassin, four, to wit: ‘‘ Catalogue of a Collection of Birds, made 
during the survey of a route for a ship canal across the Isthmus of Darien, 
etc., with notes and descriptions of new species,’’ two papers. ‘‘ Descriptions 
of new Birds of Western Africa, etc.,’’ published inthe Journal. ‘‘ Catalogue 
of Birds from the Island of St. Thomas, W. I., etc.’’ 

By Brackenridge Clemens, M. D., five, to wit: ‘‘ Contributions to American 
Lepidopterology,”’ parts 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. 

By T. A. Conrad, three, to wit: ‘* Descriptions of new Cretaceous and Eocene 
Shells of Mississippi and Alabama, etc.,’’ two papers, published in the Journal. 
‘Notes on Shells.”’ 

By E. D. Cope, eight, to wit: ‘‘ Catalogue of the Venomous Serpents in the 
Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, etc.,’’ two pa- 
pers. ‘‘Catalogue of the Calamarian Serpents in the Museum of the Academy 
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,’’? ‘‘ Catalogue of the Colubridz, in the 
Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,’’ with notes and 
descriptions of new Species. ‘‘ Notes and Descriptions of new and little-known 
American Reptiles.’’ ‘‘ Descriptions of Reptiles from tropical America and 
Asia.”? ‘The Reptilia of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, ete., by 
Edward Hallowell, M. D., edited by E. D. Cope.’’ ‘‘ Descriptions of new Species 
of the Reptilian Genera Hyperolius, Liuperus and Tropidodipsas.”’ 

By Rafael Montes @’Oca, four, to wit: ‘‘The Mexican Humming Birds,’’ 
parts 1, 2, 3 and 4. 

By James C. Fisher, M. D.: ‘‘Index to the Genera described or referred to 


[Dec. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 5738 


in the first series of the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of 
Philadelphia, vols. i. to vili. part 1.”’ 

By William M. Gabb, ten, to wit: ‘‘ Descriptions of new Species of Fossils, 
probably Triassic, from Virginia,’’ published in the Journal. ‘‘ Descriptions 
of new Species of Cretaceous Fossils,’’ published in the Journal. ‘‘ Descrip- 
tions of new Species of Cretaceous Fossils from New Jersey.’’ ‘‘ Descriptions 
of some Cretaceous Fossils from South America, etc.’’ ‘‘On the identity of 
Ammonites Texanus, Roemer, and A. vespertinus, Morton.’’ ‘‘ Catalogue of 
the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.’’ ‘‘ De- 
seription of a new Species of Cephalopods from the Eocene of Texas.’’ ‘‘ De- 
scriptions of new Species of Cretaceous and Tertiary Fossils,’’? published in 
the Journal. ‘‘ Descriptions of a new Species of Cassidulus, ete.’’ ‘* Descrip- 
tions of a new Genera and Species of Amorphozoa, ete. °’ 

By Wm. M. Gabb and George H. Horn, ‘‘ Descriptions of new Cretaceous 
Corals from New Jersey.’’ 

By Theodore Gill, six, to wit: ‘‘Notes on the Nomenclature of North Ameri- 
can Fishes.*’ ‘‘On the pertinence of the Alosa teres, De Kay, to the Genus 
Dussumiera.’? ‘‘Conspectus Piscium in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum 
septentrionalem C. Ringgold et J. Rodgers ducibus a W. Stimpson, M. D., col- 
lectorum: Sicydianiw.’? ‘‘ Monograph of the Genus Labrisomus.’’ ‘‘ Mono- 
graph of the Genus Labrax, Cuv.’’? ‘‘ Monograph of the Philypni.’’ 

By W. A. Hammond, M. D., U.S. A., and S. W. Mitchell, M. D.: ‘‘On 
the physical and chemical characteristics of Corroval and Vao, etc., and ona 
new alkaloid containing their active principle.”’ 

By George H. Horn, three, to wit: ‘*‘ Descriptions of three new species of 
Gorgonide.’’ ‘‘On Milne Edwards’ Synonymy of Xiphigorgia setacea.”’ 
** Descriptions of new Corals in the Museum of the Academy of Natural 
Sciences of Philadelphia.’’ 

By Robert Kennicott, *‘ Descriptions of new North American Reptiles, ete.’ 

By J. W. Lapham, ‘* A list of the Fresh-water Shells of the State of Wiscon- 
sin.”’ 

By Isaac Lea, LL.D., thirteen, to wit: ‘‘ Description of three new Species 
of Exotic Uniones.’’ ‘‘ Description of Exotic Unionide,’’ published in the 
Journal. ‘‘ Description of four new Species of Unionide.’’ ‘‘ Description of 
fifteen new Species of Uruguayan Unionide.’’ ‘‘ Descriptions of five new Species 
of Uniones from Alabama.’’ ‘‘ Descriptions of four new Species of Melaniania 
of the United States.’? ‘‘ Descriptions of fourteen new Species of Schizostoma, 
Annulosa and Lithasia.’’? ‘‘ Descriptions of two new Species of Uniones from 
Georgia.’”’ ‘‘ Descriptions of three new Species of Uniones from Mexico.”’ 
‘Descriptions of six new Species of Unionide from Alabama.’’ ‘‘ Descriptions 
of seven new Species of Unionide from the United States.’? ‘‘ Descriptions of 
three new Species of Exotic Unionide.’’ *‘ New Unionide of the United States 
and Northern Mexico,’’ published in the Journal. 

By John L. Le Conte, M. D., two, to wit: ‘‘ Notes on Coleoptera found at 
Fort Simpson, Mackenzie River, etc.’’ ‘‘Synopsis of the Scaphidiide of the 
United States.”’ 

By James Lewis, M. D.: ‘‘ Catalogue of the shell-bearing Mollusca observed 
in the vicinity of Mohawk, N. Y., ete.’’ 

By F. B. Meek, ‘‘ Description of new fossil remains collected in Nebraska 
and Utah, ete.’’ 

By F. B. Meek and F. V. Hayden, M. D., two, to wit: ‘* Descriptions of new 
Organic Remains from the Tertiary, Cretaceous and Jurassic rocks of Nebraska.’’ 
‘* Systematic Catalogue, with synonymy, etc., of Jurassic, Tertiary and Creta- 
ceous Fossils, collected in Nebraska, etc.’’ 

By F. B. Meek and A. H. Worthen, two, to wit: ‘‘ Descriptions of new Spe- 
cies of Crinoidea, etc.’ ‘‘ Descriptions of new Carboniferous Fossils, etc.’’ 

By James Aitken Meigs, M. D.: ‘‘ Observations on the form of the Occiput 
in the various races of men.”’ 


1860.] 


a74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


By R. Ostensacken, ‘‘Appendix to the paper entitled ‘new Genera and 
Species of North American Tipulide with short palpi.’ ”’ 

By Temple Prime, two, to wit: ‘* Descriptions of new Species of Cyrena and 
Corbicula, etc.’? ‘‘Synonymy of the Cyclades, etc., part 3.” 

By John H. Redfield, ‘‘ Descriptions of a new Species of Marginella.’’ 

By Henry D. Schmidt, ‘‘ Method of painting moist anatomical preparations.” 

By Capt. J. H. Simpson, ‘‘ Notice of Geological Discoveries, etc.’’ 

By H. T. Stainton, (London), ‘‘ Observations on American Tineina.”’ 

By William Stimpson. ‘*Prodromus Descriptionis Animalium evertebra- 
torum, etc. Pars viii. Crustacea Macrura.’’ 

By Philip R. Uhler, ‘‘ Hemiptera of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, 
etc.” 

By Alexander Wilcocks, M. D.: ‘‘ Reflections upon the nature of the tem- 
porary star of the year 1572, etc.’’ published in the Journal. 

By Horatio C. Wood, Jr., three, to wit: ‘‘Contributions to the Carkonifer- 
ous Flora of the United States,’? Nos. land 2. “Catalogue of Carboniferous 
Plants in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philade] phia.”’ 

By J. J. Woodward, M. D.: ‘‘ Remarks on errors in the Anatomical Diag- 
nosis of Cancer.”’ 

In all ninety-six papers of which three were read before the Biological De- 
partment. 

The following addition to the By-Laws was adopted on the 3l1st of January. 


CHAPTER XIV. 


. PUBLICATION FUND. 

Article I.—The Academy hereby establishes a permanent fund to be called 
the ‘‘ Publication Fund,’’ the principal of which shall always be kept in- 
vested in good securities, and the interest accruing thereupon shall be ap- 
plied to the payment of the expenses of publishing such matters, stated or oc- 
casional, as the Academy may think proper to issue. 

Argticte II.—All monies which may be paid or contributed to the ‘‘ Publi- 
cation Fund,’’ shall be held by the Academy in trust for the purposes set 
forth in the first article of this chapter. 

Article II].—The said monies shall from time to time be invested in the 
corporate name of the Academy, in the public loans of the State of Pennsylva- 
nia or those of the city of Philadelphia, or in such sound real estate securities 
as the Academy may direct. 

ArticLE IV.—No investment shall be changed without the consent of the 
Academy, and all monies received in consequence of any such change shall 
be invested for the same trusts as the original fund. 

ArticLE V.—The Treasurer shall open a separate account in the proper 
books of the Academy, under the head of the ‘‘ Publication Fund,’’ in which 
shall be entered all payments and contributions for the purposes of said Fund, 
and all other matters and things relating to said account. 

ARTICLE VI.—Any person who shall pay to the Treasurer of the Academy 
the sum of twenty-five dollars in aid of this fund, shall be entitled to receive 
acopy of the Proceedings during life, and any person who shall in like man- 
ner pay the sum of fifty dollars shall be entitled to receive a copy of the 
Journal during life. 

ArtTicLe VII.—To every person whose contribution to the Publica ion Fund 
shall entitle him to receive a copy of the Proceedings or Journal or both, a 
certificate shall be issued, in such form as the Academy shall prescribe, con- 
taining acopy of this chapter and a statement of the amount of his contri- 
bution. 

The following amendment to the By-laws was adopted on the 28th of Feb- 


ruary : 
[ Dec. 


- 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. yg 


The Department B shall be denominated the Geographical Department of * 
the Academy. 
No report of the organization of this department has been communicated to 
the Academy. 
All of which is respectfully submitted. 
B. HOWARD RAND, M. D., 
Recording Secretary. 


REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN FOR 1860. 


The Library of the Academy has, during the past year, been increased by 
351 volumes and 629 periodicals and pamphlets, on subjects belonging to the 
Natural Sciences. Of these works, 111 are from authors, 160 from editors, 
321 from,Societies, 45 from Dr. J. H. Janeway, 32 from Dr. 8. Weir Mitchell, 
167 from Dr. Thomas B. Wilson, and 144 from other members and correspon- 
dents. During the year that has just closed, 269 volumes have been bound ; 
71 at the expense of Dr. Wilson, and 198 by the Academy. The department 
of the Library appropriated to periodicals, as was stated in the last report 
would be the case, is very much straitened for room, and the recommen- 
dation then made in regard to the construction of additional cases is now re- 
peated. Unless additional room is obtained, it will be impossible to place the 
books properly upon the shelves. No books are believed to have been lost or 
missed from the Library during the last year. 

It is of great importance that all valuable books of Natural Science, in all 
its departments, should be added to the Library as soon as they are published, 
in order that it may keep pace with the progress of knowledge and maintain 
that superiority as a Library of reference which it now possesses. The ordi- 
nary means of the Academy will not permit this, and meet its other necessary 
expenses. Several gentlemen have united in a subscription of a certain sum 
per annum for 5 years, to meet this want. These subscriptions are not bind- 
ing unless 25 subscribers are obtained. Four are yet wanting to complete 
the number, and it is hoped that these will soon be found, so that the Library 
may be placed in such a condition as will secure its most eminent usefulness 
in the cause of Science. 

Respectfully submitted, 
JAMES C. FISHER, M.D., 


Librarian. 


REPORT OF THE CURATORS FOR 1860. 


All departments of the Museum of the Academy under the general charge 
of the Curators, continue in their usual good state of preservation, exhibit 
zreat forwardness in .their arrangement, and have been constantly increasing 
through donations. 

Since the last Report was presented to the Academy, the following ad- 
ditions have been made to the collections : 


Mammals.—Of these, 32specimens of 23 species have been received. Among 
them may be especially mentioned a fine specimen of the Moose, presented by 
H. T. Desilver, Esq. The others were presented by the Smithsonian Institu- 
tion, John Krider, Dr. J. H. Slack, Dr. Jos. Wilson, Capt. J. M. Dow, Major 
Le Conte, C. J. Hering, D. Samuel, and Dr. Corse.* 


Birds.—During the present year the extensive collection of birds, for which 
the Museum of the Academy has been especially distinguished, numbering 
about 26,000 mounted specimens, but which had merely been deposited with 


*The names of the donors are given in the order of value of their contributions. 


1360.] 


a6. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


the Academy by Dr. Thomas B. Wilson, was now presented by this gentleman 
to the Institution.* In addition to these, Dr. Wilson presented 2000 skins, or 
unmounted specimens, and more recently 27 birds from Jalapa, Mexico. 

54specimens, 34species of birds collected by Mr. Du Chaillu, in Western Africa, 
were purchased and presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson, Jos. Jeanes, Sam. Jeanes, 
Ed. Harris, I. Lea, W. 8. Vaux, Dr. J. D. Logan, J. C. Trautwine, Dr. W. M. 
Uhler, E. Durand, C. E. Smith, Aubrey H. Smith, W. P. Foulke, Fairman 
Rogers, Dr. J. L. Le Conte, and Jos. Leidy. 

17 specimens of birds from Hudson Bay were presented by the Smithsonian 
Institution ; specimens were presented by Dr. Jos. Wilson and Lieut. Thos. 
T. Field; an interesting collection from St. Thomas, W. I., was presented by 
Robt. Swift, and a collection from New Grenada, S. A., by Wm. P. Breed. In 
addition, Dr. J. K. Kane presented a collection of eggs, obtained by his brother 
in the Arctic region. : 


Reptiles.—Of these, the Smithsonian Institution presented 80 specimens of 
48 species, all North American, and mostly Western; Dr. T. B. Wilson pre- 
sented 100 specimens of 16 species from Jalapa, Mexico; and others were 
received from Dr. J. H. Slack, Dr. Jos. Wilson, Major Le Conte, Capt. John 
M. Dow, E. T. Cresson, W. J. Taylor, John Krider, Van Amburg & Co., Sam. 
Darrach, Dr. Semple, and Messrs. Cope and Powel. 


Fishes.—Of these, Dr. J. H. Slack presented a collection from Minnesota, 
consisting of 100 specimens of 8 species; Mr. C. C. Abbott presented 16 speci- 
mens of 11 species; Mr. S. Ashmead 7 species ; and others were presented by 
Isaac Tyson, Major, Le Conte, T. W. Norris, S. Powel, W. Coleman, Dr. T. C. 
Dunn, Dr. J. C. Morris, W. E. Halloway, L. Purves, Dr. R. P. Harris, E. P. 
Mason, and N. and E. Smith. 


Mollusks.—The Smithsonian Institution preseuted 350 species marine and 
fluviatile shells, from Wilkes’ Exploring Expedition; Mr. 8. S. Haldeman pre- 
sented 42 fluviatile shells, being types of descriptions and figures; Mr. J. S. 
Phillips presented 51 fluviatile gasteropods, not previously in the collection of 
the Academy ; F. A. Sauvalle presented 93 species of Cuban terrestrial gas- 
teropods; Temple Prime 47 cyclidide; Mr. Binney 42 species of shells; and 
others were presented by the Smithsonian Institution, Edward M. Kern, A. A. 
Gould, Isaac Lea, R. Swift, Capt. M. Blanchard, Dr. Jos. Wilson, Dr. N. Kol- 
ler, and Lieut. T. Y. Field. 


Articulates.—Messrs. C. C. Abbott, H. C. Wood, G. H. Horn, and E. D. 
Cope presented 380 specimens of about 50 species of spiders, collected in 
Pennsylvania and New Jersey; J. M. Glasco presented 150 coleoptera, from 
Texas ; and other insects, spiders, myriapods and crustacea were presented by 
Isaac Tyson, Augustus Milson, Capt. John M. Dow, Dr. Semple, Dr. Bridges, 
Mr. Powel, and Mr. Ashmead. 


Radiates.—5 Echinoderms were presented by Dr. Jos. Wilson; 1 by Capt. 
Dow; and specimens of Hyalonema were presented by Dr. Ruschenberger and 
Dr. Sinclair. 


Anatomy.—The skull of a walrus was presented by Dr. J. K. Kane; the 
skull of a Camanche Indian by A. E. Carothers; and miscellaneous specimens 
were presented by Dr. J. B. S. Jackson, Samuel Darrach, and C. C. Abbott. 
The widow of the late Peter A. Browne presented to the Academy his collec- 
tion of the hairs of the various species of men and inferior animals. 


Organic Remains.—A large collection of coal plants of Pennsylvania, con- 
sisting of upwards of 700 specimens, were purchased from Eli Bowen and pre- 
sented by Joseph Jeanes, Isaac Lea, W.S. Vaux, W. R. Lejee, E.S.Whelen, Dr. Le 
Conte, Dr. T.B. Wilson, W. Mactier, B. Marsh, J. C. Trautwine, W. C. Henszey. 


* See page 86 of this volume of the Proceedings. 


[Dec. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. Syl 


Foulke, Jos. P. Smith, Ch. E. Smith, Saunders Lewis, Griffith, and Cooke. 
Mr. W. S. Vaux presented 20 specimens of 15 species of coal plants, and others 


were presented by Dr. W. C. Dixon, H. C. Wood, W. M. Gabb, M. Baird, T. 
Ward, and J. T. Piggott. 


Dr. J. H. Slack presented a valuable collection of remains of Mosasaurus, My- 
liobates and Charcarodon, from the New Jersey green sand; Messrs. Abbott and 
H. C. Wood presented remains of Crocodilus, Priscodelphinus, and Turtles, 
from New Jersey; and Mr. Abbott also presented remains of several extinct 
fishes. Mr. Lea presented several bones of the extinct Hippopotamus of Italy ; 
Prof. Rogers a saurian vertebra from the North Carolina coal field; and A. C. 
Orrick a Mastodon tooth from Missouri. 


Small collections of invertebrate fossils were presented by W. M. Gabb, E. 
L. Perkins, C. C. Abbott, F. Kellog, Dr. C. M. Wetherill, Dr. Moore, E. D. 


Cope, H. C. Wood, C.C. Cadwalader, W J. Taylor, P. T. Tyson, T. A. Conrad, 
and A. L. Gerhart. 


Minerals.—Specimens of coals and mineral oils, from Western Pennsylvania, 
were presented by G. T. Lewis; and Dr. W. M. Garsia presented 20 specimens 
of mineral from Chili. Other specimens were presented by Capt. Nicholson, 
W. S. Vaux, T. F. Moss, E. L. Perkins, W. L. Mactier, J. H. Janeway, J. H. 
Thompson, Potts & Klett, P. C. Horn, Dunlap, Rand, Hartman, Lea, Marsh, 
McKibben, Short, Hanson, Wood, Hockley, and Pierce. 


Botany.—H. W. Ravenel presented the 5th fasciculus of his Fungi Caro- 


liniani, and Cryptogamic specimens were presented by H. C. Wood, Dr. Hut- 
nagle, D. R. Bennett, Rand, and Kaull. 


Submitted by JOSEPH LEIDY, 
Chairman of the Curators. 


The Committee on the Jessup Fund presented the following rules, 
which were adopted :— 


I. Applications for benefits from the Jessup Fund shall be made 
in writing to the Committee every three months. 


If. Benefits from the Fund shall not be received by the same person 


for a longer period than two years, without the unanimous consent of 
the Committee. 


IIf. The beneficiaries shall devote one-half of their time, under 
the direction of the Committee, to the study and arrangement of the 
Museum of the Academy. 


IV. Uach beneficiary shall receive $20 monthly by an order from 
the Committee on the ‘Treasurer. 


The following amendment to the By-Laws was finally .adopted :— 


To Article VII. Chapter 10, add the words, “of more than twenty of 
those extra copies.” 


1860.] 


- = 


O78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 


The election of Officers for the ensuing year was held in accordance 
with the By-Laws, with the following result :— 


President, : : : . Isaac Lea, LL. D. 
Vice-Presidents, . : 2 Robert Bridges, M. D., 
Wm. 8S. Vaux. 
Corresponding Secretary, : . Thomas Stewardson, M.D. 
Recording Secretary, B. Howard Rand, M. D. 
LInbrarian, : ; : . James C. Fisher, M.D. 
Treasurer, . : f : Wm. C. Henszey. 
Curators, ; : .  doseph Leidy, M. D., 


Wm. 8. Vaux, 

John Cassin, 

J. Dickinson Sergeant. 
Auditors, : : : Wm. 8. Vaux, 

Joseph Jeanes, 

Aubrey H. Smith. 
Publication Committee, ~, Wm. 8.-Vanx, 

Isaac Lea, 

Robert Bridges, 

Joseph Leidy, 

Thomas Stewardson. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 579 


ELECTIONS IN 1860. 


The following persons were elected Members, viz :— 
Jan. 31. Wm. M. Gabb, Wm. L. Mactier. 


Feb. 28. Franklin A. Comly, William W. Longstreth, Samuel M. 
¥elton. 


March 27. KH. Otis Kendall, Alexander Johnston, Thomas Meehan, 
Charles A. Kingsbury, M. D. 


April 24. Solomon W. Roberts, Edward Burd Grubb. 


May 29. Andrew Coates, Francis Moore, M. D., John G. Bell, 
Edward R. Mordecai, M. D., Henry M. Watts, D. G. Elliott. 


June 26. J.T. Platé, Philip A. Cregar, Joseph W. Drexel. 


July 31. George S. Pepper, Wm. P. Wilstach, James C. Hand, 
Edward Craig Mitchell, Chris. J. Cleborne. 


Sept. 25. Richard Wood. 


Oct. 30. William S. Torr, John Ashhurst, M. D., George W. 
Carpenter, Jr. 


Nov. 27. Edgar L. Thompson, Rowland E. Evans, Robert Bolling, 


M. D., William Potts, Wm. B. Sinclair, M. D., U.S. N, , David Reece, 
Hugh D. Vail. 


Dec. 25. A. J. Foard, M. D., U.S. A., John Warner, Felix B. 
Carbonell, Edward Parrish. 


The following persons were elected Correspondents, viz :— 
Feb. 28. Prof. Charles Smallwood, M. D., Montreal. 


March 27. Hermann Walthu, M. D., Dresden; Wm. B. Carpenter, 
M. D., F. R. S., London; Charles Darwin, Hooks S., London. 


Nov. 27. Theodore Gill, Washington ; Chev. A. 6. Bernardi, Paris. 
Dec. Prof. Jules Marcou. 


1860.] 


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CORRESPONDENCE. 1 


CORRESPONDENCE OF THE ACADEMY, 1860. 


Letters were received and read as follows, viz. : 

Jan. 3d. From P. B. Duchaillu, New York, Dec. 29th, 1859, in reference to 
claim for outfit. 

From Committee of the Humboldt Foundation, in connection with the Royal 
Prussian Academy of Sciences, Berlin, June 28th and Nov. 3d, 1859, proposing 
to establish a fund in honor of Humboldt, for the furtherance of scientific 
pursuits. 

From Prof. Encke, of Royal Prussian Academy, Nov. 17th, 1859, on the 
same subject. 


10th. From Wm. J. Hamilton, Esq., London, Dec. 14th, 1859, acknowledg- 
ing his election as correspondent. 

From Dr. John Evans, Washington, Nov. 25th, 1859, in reference to a large 
meteorite near Port Orford, Washington Territory, and desiring aid in pro- 
curing the same. 

From John Welsh, Esq., Philadeiphia, Jan. 3d, 1860, acknowledging his 
election to membership. 


17th. From W.E. Moore, East Brooklyn, Jan. 13th, 1860, asking orders for 
specimens of Natural History, to be collected by him in South America. 


24th. Chas. J. Elliott, Montgomery Co., Pa., Jan. 17th, 1860, requesting a 
copy of the Constitution, &c., for the ‘‘ Cabinet of Natural Science of Mont- 
gomery Co.”’ 


Feb. 7th. From the Physico-Medical Society of Wiirtzburg, Sept. 26th, 
1859 ; 

Royal Danish Society of Sciences, Copenhagen, July Ist, 1859 ; 

Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Munich, Oct. 28th, 1859 ; 

Imperial Society of Naturalists of Moscow, June 22d, 1859 ; 

Royal Society of Sciences, Gottingen, Sept. 13th, 1859; 

Royal University Library, Gottingen, Oct. 21st, 1859; 

Royal Society of Sciences, Upsal, “Sept. 15th, 1859 : 

H. G. Bronn, Heidelburg, July 16th, 1859 ; severally acknowledging the 
receipt of the publications of the Academy. 

From the Royal Danish Society of Copenhagen, July Ist, 1859 ; 

Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Munich, Oct. Ist, 1859 ; 

Imperial Society of Naturalists, Moscow, June 13th, 1859 ; 

Zoological Society, London, Jan. 20th, 1860; severally accompanying dona- 
tions to the Library. 

From the Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Freiburg, Oct. 20th, 1859, accom- 
panying donation to the Library, and acknowledging the receipt of the Pro- 
ceedings of the Academy. 

From H. Davis, McGregor, Iowa, Jan. 21st, 1860, offering collections in ex- 
change, &c. 

G. C. Swallow, Columbia, Mo.. Jan. 20th, 1860, acknowledging his election 
as correspondent. 

Dr. Evans, Washington, Beb. 4th, 1860, in reference to a memorial to Con- 
gress on the subject of the meteorite in Washington Territory. 


21st. T. Oldham, Esq., of the Geological Museum, Calcutta, June 28th, 
1859, transmitting survey of India. 

British Museum, Dec. 20th, 1859, acknowledging the receipt of the publica- 
tions of the Academy. 


March 6th. From C. W. Holman, New York, Feb. 28th, 1860, asking a copy 
of the annual reports for the Library at Westeriis, Sweden. 


40 


. 


bo 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


March 13th. From C. Smallwood, M. D., Canada East, March 6th, 1860, 
acknowledging his election as correspondent. 

Lucien Buquet, Feb. 18th, 1860, transmitting publications of the Entomo- 
logical Society of France. 

T. Dunlap, Esq., Philadelphia, March 13th, 1860, accompanying donation 
to Library. 

S. M. Felton, Philadelphia, March 5th, 1860, acknowledging his election to 
membership. 

Mrs. Lucy W. Say, Newburg, N. Y., March 2d, 1860, in reference to the 
appropriation of the proceeds of the sale of the American Conchology. 


April 3d. C.J. Heriag, Surinam, Feb. 20th, 1860, accompanying donation 
to Museum. 

R. Champley, Scarborough, England, March 6th, 1860, asking drawing of 
Alea impennis, Xe. 

Charles Miiller, Berlin, Feb. 28th, 1860, in reference to exchanges. 

Smithsonian Institution, Jan, 6th, 10th, and 12th : 

Academy of Sciences, St. Louis, Mo., severally acknowledging the receipt 
of the publications of the Academy. 

Chas. F. Loosey, N. Y., Nov. 15th, 1859, transmitting the report of the first 
meeting of the Miners and Smelters, Vienna. 

Royal University of Christiania, Norway, Nov. 15th, 1859, transmitting 
Scripta Academica. 


10th. Geological Society of London, Dec. 15th, 1859 ; 

Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences, Prague, Nov. 20th, 1859 ; 

Society of Friends of Natural Knowledge, Mecklenburg, Oct. 29th, 1859 ; 
severally acknowledging the receipt of the publications of the Academy. , 

Natural History Society of Wurttemburg, Jan. 10th, 1860, transmitting do- 
nations to Library, and acknowledging the receipt of the publications of the 
Academy. 

Natural History Society of Riga, Oct. 26th, 1859; 

Royal Jablonowski Society at Leipsig, Nov. 20th, 1859 ; 

Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences, Prague, Nov. 28th, 1859 ; 

Society of Naturalists at Altenburg, Nov. 15th, 1859; severally transmit- 
ting donations to the Library of the Academy. 


17th. Geological Society of Dublin, March 27th, 1860 ; 

G. W. Fahnestock, Philadelphia, April 11th, 1860; severally transmitting 
dgnations to the Library. 

New York State Library, Albany, April 10th, 1860, acknowledging the re- 
ceipt of the Proceedings of ‘the Academy. 


May 1st. Thos. H. Huxley, London, April 16th, 1860, acknowledging his 
election as correspondent. 


15th, H. De Saussure, Geneva, Switzerland, April 20th, 1860, acknowledg- 
ing his election as correspondent. 

H. T. Desilver, Philadelphia, May 15th, 1860, accompanying donation to 
Museum. 


22d. Natural History Society of the Grand Duchy of Nassau, 1859 ; 

Royal Academy of Sciences, Amsterdam, Nov. S0th, 1859 ; 

Imperial Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Dec. 17th and July 7th, 1859 ; 

Royal Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Nov. 24th, 1859; severally ac- 
companying donations to the Library. : 

Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle, Geneva, Noy. 5th, 1859, ac- 
companying donations to the Library, and acknowledging the receipt of the 
publications of the Academy. 

Natural History Society of the Grand Duchy of Nassau, Weisbaden, 1859 

Royal Academy of Sciences, Amsterdam, Oct. 25th, 1859 ; 

Smithsonian Institution, April 13th, 1860; 


CORRESPONDENCE. 3 


Imperial Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Feb. 4th and Oct. 11th, 1859; 

Linnzan Society of London, Jan. 1st, 1860; 

Natural History Society of Westphalia, Feb. Ist, 1860; severally acknow- 
ledging the receipt of the publications of the Academy. 

Robert Champley, Scarborough, England, May 6th, 1860, acknowledging the 
receipt of photograph of Alea impennis, &c. 


June 5th. Lyman C. Draper, Secretary of the Historical Society of Wiscon- 
sin, in reference to exchanges. 


12th. Smithsonian Institution, June 6th, 1860, accompanying donation to 
the Library. 

George Crowther, New York, May 17th, 1860, in reference to a supposed 
new butterfly. 


19th. United States Legation, Paris, April 30th, 1860, transmitting two 
livraisons of the Annales des Mines. 


26th. E. R. Mordecai, Mobile, June 18th, 1860, acknowledging his election 
to membership. 


July 3d. A. P. Turner, New Harmony, Indiana, June 25th, 1860, offering 
shells from Wabash river, &c. 

Royal Society of Edinburgh, March 9th, 1860; 

Imperial Society of Natural Sciences, Cherbourg, Jan. 20th, 1860 ; 

Smithsonian Institution, March 21st and June 15th, 1860; 

Geological Society of London, May 17th, 1860; severally acknowledging the 
receipt of the publications of the Academy. 

H. W. Ravenel, Aiken, S. C., June 22d, 1860; 

War Department, Washington, June 18th, 1860; severally accompanying 
donations to the Library. 

Dr. Hoernes, Vienna, April 23d, 1860; 

Prof. Edward Suess, Vienna, April 23d, 1860; 

Chas. Darwin, Kent, England, May 8th, 1860; 

Geo. R. Von Frauenfeld, Vienna, June 5th, 1860; 

M. Flourens, Paris, May 14th, 1860; severally acknowledging their election 
as correspondents. 


17th. Royal Prussian Academy of Science, Berlin, Dec. 31st, 1859 ; 

Senckenberg Natural History Society, Frankfort, Feb. Ist, 1860 ; 

Catholic University of Louvain, Nov. 18th, 1859 ; 

Natural History Society of Freiburg, May 10th, 1860; 

Royal Gardener’s Society, Berlin, April 5th, 1860; severally accompanying 
donations to the Library, and acknowledging the receipt of the publications of 
the Academy. 

Physico-Medical Society of Wiirtzburg, April 2d, 1860 ; 

Imperial Academy of Sciences, Vienna, March, 1860 ; 

Imperial Leopold Charles Dutch Academy of Natural History, Jena, Feb. 
27th, 1860; severally accompanying donations to the Library. 

Imperial Leopold Charles Dutch Academy of Natural History, Jena, Feb. 
18th, 1860, acknowledging the receipt of the publications of the Academy, 


24th. D. G. Elliott, New York, July 23d, 1860, acknowledging his election 
to membership. 

Charles M. Wetherill, La Fayette, Indiana, June 15th, 1860, accompanying 
a donation to the Museum. 

Royal Academy of Sciences, Letters and fine Arts, Belgium, Sept. 23d, 
1858 ; 

Physico-Medical Society of Wiirtzburg, April 2d, 1860; severally acknow- 
ledging the receipt of the publications of the Academy. 


Sept. 18th. J. Barrande, Paris, Aug. 20th, 1860, acknowledging his election 


4 CORRESPONDENCE. 


as correspondent and announcing the presentation of several of his publi- 
cations to the Academy. 

Society of Naturalists of New Granada, Bogota, June 14th, 1860, accompany- 
ing donation to the Library, and acknowledging the receipt of the publications 
of the Academy. 

Royal Society of London, May 24th, 1860, acknowledging the receipt of the 
publications of the Academy. 


Oct. 2d. Naturforscher Verein in Dorpat, Jan., 1860, accompanying dona- 
tion to the Library of the Academy. 

Smithsonian Institution, March 31st, 1859, acknowledging the receipt of the 
publications of the Academy. 

Charles des Moulins, Bordeaux, July 19th, 1860, acknowledging his election 
as correspondent. 


16th. S.S. Haldeman, Columbia, Pa., Sept. 6th, 1860; 

F. A. Sauvalle, Havana, April 2d, and Philadelphia, June 14th, 1860; 
severally accompanying donations to the Museum. 

Society of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, Feb., 1860, acknowledging the receipt 
of the Proceedings of the Academy. 

23d. Royal Academy of Sciences, Letters and fine Arts, Belgium, March 
20th, 1860 ; 

Royal Geographical Society of London, July 13th, 1860 ; 

Royal Imperial Geological Institute, Vienna, Aug. 27th, 1859, and March 
26th, 1860 ; 

W. Haidinger, Vienna, March 28th, 1860 ; 

Literary and Philosophical Society, Manchester, May 30th, 1860; 

Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society, July 24th, 1860 ; 

Royal Academy of Sciences, Letters and fine Arts, Belgium, Sept. 16th, 
1860; severally acknowledging the receipt of the publications of the Academy. 

Oct. 23d. Physico-Medical Society of Upper Hesse, June 20th, 1860; 

Royal Imperial Zoologico-Botanical Society, Vienna ; 

Imperial Academy of Sciences, Vienna, June 25th, 1860 ; 

Russian Imperial Mineralogical Society, St. Petersburg, April 23d, 1860; 
severally accompanying donations to the Library. 

Society of Natural Sciences in Emden, May 21st, 1860; 

Royal Society of Gottingen, June 3d, 1860; severally accompanying dona- 
tions to the Library, and acknowledging the receipt of the publications of the 
Academy. 

Nov. 13th. Royal Saxon Society of Sciences, Leipsig, July 5th, 1860 ; 

Royal Society of Sciences, Upsal, Aug. 4th, 1860; 

Imperial Academy of Sciences, Belles Lettres and Arts, Lyons, July 11th, 
1860 ; 

Imperial Society of Naturalists, Moscow, June 13th, 1860; severally accom- 
panying donations to the Library. 

Royal Physical Society, Edinburgh, April 2d, 1860, accompanying donation 
to the Library, and acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings of the 
Academy. 

British Museum, Oct. 26th, 1860, acknowledging the receipt of the Pro- 
ceedings. 

20th. Richard Owen, New Harmony, Indiana, Nov. 14th, 1860, announcing 
the death of Dr. David Dale Owen, late a correspondent of the Academy. 

London Atheneum, Oct. 30th, 1860, acknowledging the receipt of the Pro- 
ceedings. 

Dec. 4th. Royal Academy of Sciences, Lisbon, May 26th, 1860, accompany- 
ing donations to the Library. 

11th. Dr. John Gistel, Ratisbon, April 20th, 1860, of the same tenor. 

- 18th. T. J. Hale, Albany, New York, Dec. 17th, 1860, in reference to ex- 
changes of plants. 


DONATIONS TO MUSEUM. 1. 


DonaATIONS TO Museum.—1860. 


January 3d. A collection of minerals and silurian fossils, from New York. 
Presented by Edward L. Perkins. 


10th. A collection of fishes, crustacea, &c., from Newport,R.I. Presented 
by Messrs. Powel, Bridges and Leidy. 

A white rabbit. Presented by Mr. John Krider. 

A small collection of fossils. Presented by Wm. M. Gabb. 

A large fungus. Presented by Wm. Kaull. 


17th. A collection of fishes, from Newport, R. I. Presented by Messrs. 
Powel and Bridges. 

Several coal plants. Presented by Wm. M. Gabb. 

Human skull, from Marquesas Island. Deposited by Dr. Turner and J. A. 
Meigs. 

Collection of Reptiles. Presented by Dr. Wilson, U. 8. N. 


24th. Several cretaceous fossils, from New Jersey. Presented by C. C. Ab- 
bott. 

Collection of remains of Mosasaurus, from Monmouth Co., N. J. Collee- 
tion of shells from do. Presented by J. H. Slack. 

A Remora, from Newport, R. I. Presented by W. E. Holloway. 


February 7th. Fungus plant, from a deep coal mine, Pottsville, Pa. Pre- 
sented by D. R. Bennett. 

A bean, from Japan. Presented by I. Lea, LL. D. 

Twelve species of shells. Presented by W. G. Binney. 

Forty-seven species of Cyclidide. Presented by Temple Prime. 

An agate geode, from the Uruguay R., 8. A. Presented by J. H. Thomson. 

Two fishes, from the coast of New Jersey. Presented by L. Purves. 

Remains of Mosasaurus, fishes, &&. From Monmouth Co.,N.J. Presented 
by C. C. Abbott. 

Specimens of fossil fishes, from Delaware Water Gap. Presented by the same. 

Chaetodon from Newport. Presented by E. P. Mason. 

Plectopoma from Newport. Presented by N. and E. Smith. 


14th. Small collection of Eocene fossils, from Whenlock, Texas. Presented 
by F. Kellog. 

Mounted specimen of Ateles ater, from South America. Presented by J. H. 
Slack. 

Seven skins of Mammals, viz :— 

3° Spermophilus Beechii, 1 Neotoma Mexicana, 1 Lepus artemesia, 1 Lepus, 
1 Sciurus, from Western North America. From the Smithsonian Institu- 
tion. 


21st. Specimen of Hematite, from Lancaster Co., Pa. Presented by Wm. 
L. Mactier. 

Specimen of Struvite, from St. Pauls, Hamburg. Presented by John H. 
Janeway. 

Specimen of Agalmatolite, from Moore Co., N. C. Presented by B. G. 
Dunlap. 

Collection of seven hundred coal plants, purchased from Mr. E. Bowen hy 
members of the Academy. 

Two teeth of Mosasaurus, from Monmouth Co., N. J. Presented by J. H. 
Slack. 

A specimen of Favosites, a Devonian fossil from the gravel in the neigh- 
borhood of Philadelphia. Presented by Dr. Leidy. 


lu. DONATIONS TO MUSEUM. 


Tooth of Carcharodon acutidens, from J. H. Slack. 
A specimen of Meteoric Iron, from Xiquipilco near Toluco, Mexico. Pre- 
sented by Wm. 8. Vaux. 


March 6th. Collection of coal plants 20 specimens, 15 species, from Carbon- 
dale, Pa. Presented by Wm. 8. Vaux. 

Two specimens of Crinoid stems, from White Creek Spring, Davidson Co., 
Tenn. Presented by Wm. 8. Vaux. 

Crocodile vertebra, and two phalanges of a saurian, cretaceous, from Mon- 
mouth Co., New Jersey. Presented by C. C. Abbott. 

Skin of ocelot, Felis pardalis, from Central America. Presented by Dr. 
Wilson, U, S. Navy. 

Miocene leaves, from Bridgeton, New Jersey. Presented by C. C. Abbott. 

Hyalonema mirabilis, from Hakodadi, Japan. Presented by Dr. Ruschen- 
berger. 


13th. Collection of Birds from Hudson’s Bay, viz :— 

Nyctea nivea, Bubo virginianus, Somatera molissima, Astur atricapillus, 
Surnia ulula, 2 Dafila acuta, Anas boschas, Mergus serrator, 2 Nettion Caroli- 
nensis, Bucephala albiola, Forlea affinis, Pelionetta perspicillata, Spatula ely- 
peata, Podiceps cornuta, Bucephala Americana, Ceryle aleyon, Chroicoce- 
phalus Philadelphia. Presented by the Smithsonian Institution. 

Lorius coccineus, from the Feejee Islands; tail feathers of Phethon rubri- 
cauda; 5 specimens of Echinoderms and Star-fish, from Guaymas, Gulf of 
California ; 2 specimens of shells from Panama. Presented by Joseph Wilson, 
IDM: DUA SaNawaye 

Model of a Catamaran. Deposited by J. H. Slack. 

Specimens of Helocetes ferianum, from Gloucester, N. J. Presented by Theo. 
Seattergood. 

Unio obesus, from specimens of different ages, from Brunswick, Geo. Pre- 
sented by Isaac Lea, LL. D. 


20th. Four bones of the Hippopotamus major, from Florence, Italy. Pre- 
sented by Isaac Lea, LL. D. 

Specimens of Galena, 2 of Iron pyrites and 1 of limestone, from Hakodadi, 
Japan. Presented by Capt. Nicholson. 

Specimen of crystallized phosphate of lime in guano, from Avis Island, Ca- 
ribbean Sea. Presented by Potts & Klett. 

Unio Wilsoni, Lea, from N. South Wales. Presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson. 

A collection of mounted birds, numbering about 26,000 specimens, and a 
collection of bird skins, chiefly duplicates, now in the Hall of the Academy, 
about 2000 specimens, being his entire collection heretofore deposited. Pre- 
sented by Dr. Thomas B. Wilson. 


April 3d. Specimens in Alcohol of Dryophis fulgida, Boa constrictor, Cx- 
cilia, Imantodes curchoa, Bufo, Tiliqua, Bats, Insects, Scorpions and Myria- 
pods, from near Volc. Palco, San Salvador. 

Crabs and ophiocoma, from Panama. Presented by Capt. John M. Dow. 

Euprepis, Euprepis Harlani, Boddon, Agama, Atractaspis irregularis, Pari- 
aspis plumbeatra, Dryophis Kirtlandi, Triglyphodon pulverulentus, from Li- 
beria. Presented by E. T. Cresson. 

Specimens of Chameleon and Mantis, from West Coast, Africa. Presented - 
by Dr. Semple, U. 8. Navy. 


10th. Tooth of Mastodon, from Benton Co., Mo. Presented by A. C. Orrick, 
Esq. 
Skull of the Walrus. Presented by Dr. John K. Kane. 
Sulphate of Barytes, from England. Presented by Wm. S. Vaux. 
Three jars with bats, reptiles and fishes, from S. Carolina. Presented by 
Major Le Conte. 


DONATIONS TO MUSEUM. ili. 


17th. 18 species of pulmonate shells, from the Smithsonian Institution ; 15 
do. from W.G. Binney ; 1 do. from Mr. Powel; 2 species of marine shells, from 
Capt. Miles Blanchard. 

Eunectes murinus, from Surinam. Presented by G. W. Fahnestock. 

Two Owls, from Realijo, Nicaragua; a large Pinna, and ligneous texture of 
an Aloe. Presented by Lieut. Thomas Y. Field. 

Two Geomys pinetis, Mustela noveboracensis, from Georgia. Presented by 
David Samuel. 

White ant of Africa; and polyps, from the Atlantic Ocean. Presented by 
J. C. Semple, M. D., U. S. Navy. 

Pseudoapatite, from Freiberg, Saxony. Presented by T. F. Moss. 

Bradypus tridactylus. Presented by C. J. Hering. 

Atopaz. Presented by I. G. Cassatt and C. W. Frost. 


May 1st. Carbonate of Copper, from Chili. Presented by P. C. Horn. 

Fragments of the jaw of a crocodile, from the Green Sand of Monmouth 
Co., N. J. Presented by H. C. Wood, Jr. 

Palatine plate of Myliobates, fragments of teeth of Mosasaurus, and a col- 
lection of shells and belemnites, from Monmouth Co., N. J. Presented by Dr. 
J. H. Slack. “ 


8th. Specimen of Stilbite, and one of Stilbite and Heulandite, from Flat 
Rock Tunnel ; large fungus, found growing on a paper mulberry tree, Phila- 
delphia. Presented by T. B. Rand. 


15th. Specimen of Tringa Temminckii, from Marquesas Island. Presented 
by Joseph Wilson, M. D., U. S. Navy. 

Eleven specimens of birds’ eggs, collected by Dr. Kane in the Arctic region. 
Presented by Dr. J. K. Kane. 

Fifty-one species of U. 8. fluviatile gasteropods, not in the collection cf the 
Academy. Presented by J. S. Phillips. 

A fine specimen of the Moose, Cervus alces, from Moose-head Lake, Maine. 
Presented by H. T. Desilver. 

Specimens of Lepidoptera, from Manilla. 

Fishes, 6 species 4 genera, from the Atlantic Ocean. Presented by Isaac Tyson. 

Tropidonotus sirtalis, from Darby, Pa., Bascanion constrictor, from do. He- 
terodon platyrhinus, from N. Jersey. Presented by Dr. Leidy. 


22d. Specimen of Cannal coal, from Armstrong Co., Pa.; do. coal oil crude, 
from Sucesco Works, Pa.; do. do. refined, from Penna. Salt Co., Pa.; do. Pe- 
troleum crude, from Oil Creek, Pa.; do. do. refined, from Penna. Salt Co., 
Pa.; do. do. once distilled, from Peterson’s Well, Pa.; do. do. crude, from 
Paint Creek, Johnson Co., Ky. From Geo. T. Lewis, Esq. 

Specimens of Unionide. Presented by Isaac Lea, LL. D. 


June 5th. Tarantula and 7 scorpions, from Cuba. Presented by Dr. Au- 
gustus Milson, through Dr. Atlee. 

Eggs of Ampularia, from Florida. Presented by R. Harris, M. D. 

Specimen of Bryttus Chetodon, from Trenton. Presented by C. C. Abbott. 

Between 3 and 400 species of 65 genera of marine and terrestria? shells of 
Wilkes Exploring Expedition. Presented by the Smithsonian Institution. 

One hundred and thirty species of Paleozoic fossils, from Iowa. Received 
in exchange from J. N. H. Barris. 

Two salamanders, and a small collection of Myriapods ; a crab, from New- 
port. From Mr. Powel. 


19th. Twelve specimens of ores of zinc, from Bethlehem, Pa., from Mr. 
Roepper in exchange. 


iv, DONATIONS TO MUSEUM. 


Brucite, Anthophyllite, Tremolite, &c., from Lancaster and Chester Co., Pa. 
Presented by W. D. Hartman and Isaac Lea. 

Dermognathus fusca and Carphophiops amorna, from New Jersey. Present- 
ed by C. C. Abbott. 

Vertebra of a Saurian, from Chatham Co., N.C. Presented by Robert E. 
Rogers. 


July 3d. A specimen of Sigillaria, from Haz2lton. Presented by Matthew 
Baird, Esq. 

Two specimens of Coal Plants, from Pottsville, Penna. Presented by T. 
Ward. 

Two specimens of Selenite, from Chili. Presented by Dr. W. M. Garsia. 

Forty-eight specimens of Land Shells, from Sandwich Isles. Presented by 
E. M. Kern. 

Cast of the Skull of a Flathead Indian, about 22 years of age, who died re- 
cently in Boston, also some of the hair of the same. Presented by Dr, J. B. 
S. Jackson. 

Specimen of an Anaconda. Deposited by Dr. J. H. Slack. 

Fungi Caroliniani. Fasc. 5, Presented by H. W. Ravenel. 


10th. Costal plate of a fossil turtle. Presented by W. W. Fraley. 
A collection of 19 specimens of ores of copper, from Chili. Presented by 
Dr. W.M. Garsia. 


24th. Red oxide of copper, specimens of Chlorastrolite, a fossil shell, and 
specimens of mud andsand, from Lake Superior. Presented by Theo. F. Moss. 

A collection of fossils. Presented by Dr. C. M. Wetherill. 

Hyla xanthocnemia, from New Jersey. Presented by Dr. Leidy. 

Silver ore, from Nevada Ter. Presented by J. McKibben. 


September 4th. A fine specimen of the Meteorite which fell May Ist, 1860, in 
Guernsey Co., Ohio. Presented by Benj. V. Marsh. 

Specimen of bituminous coal from Green River City, Muhlenburg Co., Ky., 
on banks of Green River, 39 feet above high water. The equivalent of No. 11 
of Owen’s Reports of Geological Survey of Ky., 43 feet thick. Presented by J. 
Short, Esq. 

Specimen of bituminous coal, 4 feet vein, supposed to be equivalent of No. 9 
of 3d vol. Owen’s Report of the Geological Survey of Ky., from Green River City, 
Muhlenburg Co., Ky., 30 feet below No. 11, and 5 feet above high water. 
Presented by J. Short, Esq. 

Specimens of peat in common use for fuel on railroads in Bavaria. Pre- 
sented by Richard Wood. 

Specimens of Elaps fulvus, Sceloporus undulatus, Anolis caroliniensis. 
Lygosoma laterale, Desmognathus amiculata; Insects from Mobile, Ala. Pre- 
sented by Prof. W. J. Taylor. 

Specimens of Ophidia, viz. 4 Pliocercus elapoides, 8 Catastoma semidolia- 
tum, 30 Ninia diademata, 10 Lampropeltis polyzona, 7 Thamnophis proximus, 
1 Thamnophis scalaris, 1 Sibon annulata. Sauria—Anolis, Sidrolamprus 
emreagramma, 6 Sceloporus variabilis, 3 Sceloporus scalaris. Batrachia— 
Bufo, 22 Rana, 2 Spelerpes bellii, 2 Geotriton carbonarius, from Jalapa, 
Mexico, (collected by R. M. De Oca). Presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson. 


llth. Specimen of Porites furcata, from Santa Cruz, W.I. Presented by 
E. D. Cope. 

Specimen of Favosites basaltiformis, from Warren Co., Pa. Presented by 
E. D. Cope. 


DONATIONS TO MUSEUM. x 


56 specimens of Spiders, 23 species from Pennsylvania and Maryland. Pre- 
sented by G. H. Horn. 


18th. A large and interesting collection of birds, from the Island of St. 
Thomas, West Indies. Presented by Mr. Robert Swift. 

A collection of birds from New Grenada, South America. Presented by Wm. 
P. Breed. 

Cistudo 
by E. D. Cope. 

Large and fine specimen of Nickel, from Litchfield, Conn. Presented by 
Mr. H. C. Hanson. 

Fine specimen of Sigillaria, from the mines of Messrs. Geo. Wiggins & Son, 
Tamaqua, Penn. Presented by Mr. John T. Piggott. 


, from Londongrove, Chester Co., Pennsylvania. Presented 


October 2d. Specimens of Millerite. Gap Mine, Lancaster Co., Pa. Pre- 
sented by F, 8. Heckley. 

Specimens of Chlorastrolites. Isle Royal, Lake Superior. Presented by J. 
Newton Pierce. 

25 specimens of Araneide, from Chester Co. Presented by E. D. Cope. 

Spheria Robertsii. Presented by Dr. Huffnagle. 

A fish (Plectropoma,) from Newport, R. I., and a spectrum from Florida. 
Presented by Dr. R. P. Harris. 

Dromicus fugitivus, Trinidad. Presented by Dr. 8. W. Mitchell. 

A collection, of hairs of various animals, made by the late Peter A. Browne, 
Esq. Presented by Mrs. P. A. Browne. 


9th. 7 specimens 5 species of rodents. Presented by Mr. Krider. 

Thamnophis radix, T. sirtalis, Tropidonotus sipedon, Rana Halecina, from 
Kansas. Presented by Mr. Krider. 

Eleuteres cuspicauda, Morrhua pruinosa, Anguilla oceanica, Argyreiosus 
vomer, Saurus fceetens, Hippocampus hudsonius, Ophidium marginatum. 
From Beesley’s Point, New Jersey. Presented by Mr. 8. Ashmead. 

A deformed leopard crab, having the left fore claw double. Presented by 
Mr. 8. Ashmead. 

100 specimens, 17 species of Araneide, from the neighborhood of Phila- 
delphia. Presented by H. C. Wood, Jr. 

66 specimens, 48 species of reptiles. 9 species of Thamnophis, 1 Basca- 
nion, 2 Pityophis, 1 Elaps, 1 Siren. From Nebraska, Puget’s Sound, Geor- 
gia, California, &e. Presented by the Smithsonian Institution. 

A small collection of cretaceous and carboniferous fossils, from Texas. Pre- 
sented by Dr. Moore. 


16th. Shark (Alopias vulpes.) From Newport. Presented by Dr. T. C. 
Dunn through Mr. Powel. 

An Iguana, and palatal teeth of the Drum-fish. Presented by Samuel Dar- 
rach through Dr. James Darrach. 

Meriones Hudsonius. Presented by Dr. James M. Corse. 

4 specimens of Achatina and 3 of Helix, from Cuba. Presented by Dr. N. 
Kollar. 

Pomotis, n. s.; Plagyrus cornutus, Hydrargyra. New Jersey. Presented 
by W. Coleman, Esq. 

200 specimens of Spiders, from near Trenton, N. J. Presented by C. C. 
Abbott. 

Catastomus tuberculatus; C. gibbosus; Pomotis appendix; Luxilus argen- 
teus; Hygostoma Newmanii; Pimelodus catus ; Ambloplites pomotis. Dela- 
ware River. Presented by C. C. Abbott. 

A Unio. Presented by Isaac Lea, LL. D. 

Three Land Shells. Presented by Temple Prime. 

15 species of Marine Shells. Presented by W. G. Binney. 


Vi. DONATIONS TO MUSEUM. 


11 species of Shells, types of descriptions in Wilkes’ Exploring Expedition. 
Presented by Dr. A. A. Gould. ; 

93 species of Cuban Terrestrial Shells. Presented by F. A. Sauvalle. 

9 species of Shells, from the Spanish Main. Presented by R. Swift. 

42 Fluviatile Shells, types of descriptions and figures. Presented by Prof. 8. 
S. Haldeman. 


23d. Four Fossil Vertebre, fragment of Fish-Jaw, and Teeth, from Mul- 
lica Hill, Gloucester Co., N. J. Presented by Chas. C. Abbott. 

Coregonus albus, from Lake Champlain; Morone Americana, from New 
York; Morone pallida, from Delaware River. Presented by Thaddeus W. 
Norris. 


November 6th. Calyptraphorus trinodiferus, Athleta Tuomeyi. Eocene 
fossils, from Alabama. Presented by T. A. Conrad, 

Hyalonema Sieboldii. Skin of Galeopithecus. From Japan. Presented 
by Dr. Sinclair, U.S. N., through Dr. I. Hays. 

Two Baculites, from the New Jersey Green Sand. Presented by C.C. Cad- 
walader. 

Two Coal Plants, from Virginia. Presented by Dr. Dixon. 


13th. Retepora, a Devonian fossil, from Huntingdon Co., Pa. Presented 
by W. J. Taylor. 

Pomotis auritus and Leuceoperca Americana, from Lake Erie. Presented by 
Dr. J. C. Morris. . 


20th. 27 specimens of Birds, from Jalapa, Mexico. Presented by Dr. Thos. 
B. Wilson. 

Skull of a Camanche Chief, supposed to be that of Yellow Jack, from Texas. 
Presented by A. E. Carothers. 


December 4th. The following Birds, collected by P. B. Du Chaillu in Western 
Africa :— 

1 Gypohierax angolensis, (young,) from Cape Lopez. Presented by Dr. T, 
B. Wilson. 

2 Spizetos, from Ogobai River. Presented by Mr. Joseph Jeanes. 

1 Micrastur macrourus, from Ogobai River. Presented by Mr. Samuel 
Jeanes. 

1 Aviceda cuculoides, from Ogobai River, Presented by Prof. Jos. Leidy. 

1 Accipiter Toussenelli, 1 Accipiter Hartlaubii, from Ogobai River. Pre- 
sented by Mr. Wm. 8. Vaux. 

1 Scotopelia Peli, from Moonda River; 1 Syrnium Woodfordii, from Moonda 
River; 3 Syrnium, (young,) from Ogobai River. Presented by Dr. Thos. B. 
Wilson. 

2 Numida plumifera, from Cape Lopez. Presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson. 

2 Phasidus niger, from Cape Lopez. Presented by Mr. Joseph Jeanes. 

Five Coleoptera. Presented by E. D. Cope. 

A collection of 150 Coleoptera, from Upshur Co., Texas. Presented by J. M. 
Glasco. 

A collection of Vertebre and fragments of Jaw of Priscodelphinus. Frag- 
ments of Crocodile and Turtle bones, together with an Ostrea. From the 
Miocene Marl of Shiloh, N. J. Presented by H. C. Wood, Jr. 

Four Coal Plants, and a small collection of Carboniferous Fossil Shells. 
From Broad Top, Pa. Several specimens of Cyathophyllum. 50 species of 
Native Mosses. Presented by H. C. Wood, Jr. 

Fragment of an Indian Cranium, from near Trenton, N. J. Presented by 
C. C. Abbott. 


DONATIONS TO MUSEUM. vii. 


llth. 10 specimens of Birds, from Jalapa, Mexico. Accipiter gilvicollis, 
Buteo, Ramphastos carinatus, Aulocoramphus prasinus, 2 Geotrygon, Den- 
drortyx barbatus, Tinamus, Gallinago, and Calidris. Presented by Dr. Thos. 
5B. Wilson. 

The following, from Western Africa, from Du Chaillu’s collection :— 

1 Polyboroides radiatus. Presented by Isaac Lea, LL. D. 

1 Halietus; 1 Circetus zonurus. Presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson. 

1 Chetura Sabinei. Presented by Mr. Joseph Jeanes. 

3 Atticora nitens. Presented by Mr. Samuel Jeanes. 

2 Cecropis Gordoni. Presented by Dr. Joseph Leidy. 

1 Cypselus ambrosiacus ; 3 Caprimulgus Fossii. Presented by Mr. Wm. 8S. 
Vaux. 

1 Eurystomus afer; 1 Halcyon senegalensis. Presented by Dr. J. Dickinson 
Logan. 

1 Haleyon Dryas. Presented by Mr. Edward Harris. 

1 Halcyon badius. Presented by Mr. J. C. Trautwine. 

1 Alcedo leucogaster. Presented by Prof. Fairman Rogers. 

2 Merops variegatus. Presented by Mr. W. Parker Foulke. 

1 Merops Bullockioides. Presented by Mr. Aubrey H. Smith. 

2 Meropiscus gularis; 1 Trogon narina. Presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson. 

4 Sycobius nitens. From Dr. J. L. Le Conte. 

1 Sycobius cristatus; 2 Sycobius nigrifrons. Presented by Mr. Charles E. 
Smith. 

2 Sycobius malimbus. Presented by Dr. W. M. Uhler. 

2 Sycobius Cassinii. Presented by Mr. E. Durand. 

3 Hyphantornis cinctus. Presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson. 
1 Fossil Ostrea and 1 Pecten, from Tunis, Africa. Presented by Mr. Wm. 
S. Vaux. 
A collection of Fossils, 12 specimens, from Scioto River, Delaware Co., Ohio. 
Presented by Mr. A. L. Gerhart. 

2 specimens of Boa Constrictor, very fine. Presented by Messrs. Van Amburg 
& Co. 

4 specimens of Infusorial Earth, from Calvert Co., Md. Presented by P. T. 
Tyson. 

5 specimens of Aphredoderus, from New Jersey. Presented by C. C. 
Abbott. 

Two Salamanders, from Chester Co. Presented by EH. D. Cope. 


18th. 129 specimens, 8 species Fishes of the genera Pimelodus, Pomotis, 
Stizostedion, Bryttus, Esox, Pimephales, and Hybognathus. 11 specimens, 
4 species Reptiles of the genera Aspidonectes, Natrix, Thamnophis, and Bas- 
canion. 3 skins of Sciurus Hudsonius. From Minnesota. Collected and 
presented by Dr. J. H. Slack. 

A small collection of Insects and Spiders, from Canada. Presented by S. 
H. Matthews. 


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DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. ix. 


Jahrgang, 1859, Denkschriften der Kaiser, Akad, der Wissenschaften, Mathe- 
mat.-Naturwissen. Classe, Banden 16 und 17. Jahrbucher der K. K. Central- 
Anstalt fiir Meteorologie und Erdmagnetismus, von Karl Kreil, Band 6, Jahr- 
gang, 1854. From the Imperial Academy of Sciences, Vienna. 

Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar. Ny Foljd. Andra 
Bandet. Forsta Haftet. Kongliga Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa Omkring 
Jorden under befal af C. A. Virgin Aren 1851,—1853. Af K. Svenska Veten- 
skaps-Akademiens. Zoologi, 3. From the Royal Academy of Sciences, Stock- 
holm. 

Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, Deel 7. 
Jaarbock van de K, Akad. von Wetenschappen, 1858. Verslagen en Mede- 
deelingen der Konink. Akad. van Wetenschappen. Afdeeling Letterkunde 
Vierde Deel. Afdeeling Natuurkunde Deel, 8 and 9. From the Royal Acade- 
my of Sciences of Amsterdam. 

Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Foérhandlingar. Temtonde Ar- 
gangen, 1858. From the Royal Academy of Sciences of Stockholm, 

Jahrbiicher des Vereins fir Naturkunde im Herzogthum Nassau, Heft. 13. 
From the Natural History Society in Wiesbaden. 

Die Athysanus-Arten der Gegend von Wiesbaden von C. L. Kirschbaum. 
4to. tract. Wiesbaden, 1858. From the Author. 

Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen Vereins der preussischen Rheinlande 
und Westphalens. Jahrgang 16, Erstes.—Viertes Heft. From the Society in 
Bonn. 

Neues Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie, Geognosie, &c., von H. C. von Leonhard 
und H. G. Bronn, Jahrgang, 1860, Erstes Heft. From the Editors, Stuttgart. 

Memoires de la Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle de Genéve, Tome 
15, Premiere Partie. From the Society. 

Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, Nos. 7 to 15, incl. Bo- 
tany and Zoology. Supplements to Botany, Nos. 1 and 2, 1859. Addresses 
of Thomas Bell, F. R. S., &c., President of the Linnean Society, for the years 
1858 and 1859. Lists of the Linnean Society, of London, for 1858 and 1859. 
The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. Vol. 23, parts 3 and 4. 
From the Society in London. 

Forty-second Annual Report of the Trustees of the New York State Library. 
1860. From the Trustees. 

Hutching’s California Magazine. Nos. 39 and 40, Sept. and Oct., 1859. 
From the Publishers. 

Charleston Medical Journal and Review. Vol. 15, No. 3, May, 1860. From 
the Editor. 

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie pure et appliquée, par M. F. E. Guérin-Méne- 
ville. No. 4, 1860. From the Editor. 


June 5th. Acta Societatis Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandice, Volumina 3 et 4. 
Natuurkundig Tijdschrift-voor Nederlandisch Indié uitgegeven door de Natuur- 
kundige vereeniging in Nederlandsch Indié Deel 14, Aflev. 4, 5, and 6, and 
Deel. 15, 19, and 17. From the Netherlands India Society of Sciences, Bata- 
via. 

Mémoires de L’Académie Impériale des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres de 
Dijon. 2d serie, Tome 7th. From the Academy. 

Mémoires de La Société Impériale des Sciences Naturelles de Cherbourg, 
Tome 6th, 1858. From the Society. 

The Gardeners’ Monthly. Vol. 2, Nos. 1 to 6. From the Editor. 

The Canadian Journal of Industry, Science and Art. New series, No. 27, 
May, 1860. From the Canadian Institute. 

The Dental Cosmos. New series, No. 11, Vol. 1, June, 1860. From the 
Editors. 

The California Farmer, for April 27th, 1860. From the Editor. 

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. 7, pages 225 to 
256. From the Society. 


x. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. 


Laws and Regulations of the American Philosophical Society, together with 
the Charter of the Society, and a list of its members. Philada., 1860. Pro- 
ceedings of the American Philosophical Society. Vol. 7, January to June, 
1860, No. 63. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. Vol. 11, 
new series, part 3d, 1860. From the Philosophical Society. 

The following is from Dr. T. B. Wilson, on the usual condition: 

Bulletin Mensuel de La Société d’Acclimatation Zoologique. Tom. 7, No. 4, 
Avril, 1860. 


12th. List of Members of the Royal Lombard Institution of Science, Letters, 
and Arts. From the Institution. 

The Canadian Journal of Industry, Science and Art. New series, No. 27, 
May, 1860. From the Institute. 

Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society. April 25th, 1860. From 
the Society. 

The Annals of Science, by Hamilton L. Smith, for Jan., March, April and 
May, 1854. From Dr. J. L. Le Conte. 

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Session 1858—59. From 
the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 

The following are from Dr. Thos. B. Wilson, on the usual condition : 

Zur Fauna der Vorwelt, Yon Hermann von Meyer, Vierte Abtheilung, Liefe- 
rung 2. 

Crania Britannica Decade 4. By Joseph Barnard Davis and John Thurn- 
ham. 

Palxontographica, Von Hermann Von Meyer. 7 Band, 2 Lieferung, 8 Band, 
3 Lieferung. 

Hewitson’s Exotic Butterflies. Part 34th. 

Tables des Comptes Rendus des seances de L’ Academie des Sciences. Tome 
47. 
Oiseaux de La Beigique et Leurs Gufs. Liv. 131 and 132. 

Paléontologie Francais, Terrains Jurassiques, par Alcide D’Orbigny, Livr. 
109 and 110. Terrains Crétaces Livraisons 257 a 260. 

Histoire Naturelle des Coléoptéres de France, par. M. C. Mulsant, Barbipalpes, 
Longipedes-Latipennés, Paris, 1856. 


19th. Rheinisches Museum fiir Philologie, von F. G. Welcker und F. Ritschl. 
Neue Folge 15th Jahrgang, Heft. 2. From F. Leypoldt. 

The Northmen in Iceland. S8vo., 1859. Saga Jatvardar Kontngs Hins 
Helga, Udgiven efter Islandske oldbéger af det Kongelige Nordiske Oldskrift- 
Selskab. 8vo. tract, Copenhagen, 1852. From the Royal Society of Northern 
Antiquaries of Copenhagen. 

Natuurkundige Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indié wuitgegeven door de 
Natuurkundige Vereeniging in Nederlandsch Indié, Deel 18th. From the 
Netherlands-India Society of Sciences. ; 

Bibliotheque Universelle Revue Suisse et Etrangére Archives des Sciences 
Physiques et Naturelles. New series, vol. 7th, and vol. 8th, part 1, 1860, 
Genéve. From the Editors. 

Caffeine, as an antidote in the poisonous narcotism of Opium. By Henry 
Fraser Campbell, M. D. 8vo. tract, August, 1850. From the Author. 

Southern Medical and Surgical Journal. Vol. 16, No. 5, June 1860. From 
the Editors. 

California Farmer. Vol. 13, Nos. 11 to 13, 1860. From the Editor. 

American Medical Times,—being a weekly series of the New York Journal 
of Medicine. Vol. 1, No.1. New series, June 2d, 1860. From the Pub- 
lishers. 

The American Handbook of Ornamental Trees. By Thomas Meehan. 18mo. 
From the Author. 

The Gardeners’ Monthly and Horticultural Advertiser. Vol. 1, Nos. 1 to 
12, 1859. From the Editor. 


DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. XI. 


Paleontology, or a Systematic Summary of Extinct Animals and their Geo- 
logical Relations. By Richard Owen, F. R. 8.» 8vo., Edinburgh, 1859. From 
Mrs. Lucy W. Say. 

Journal of the Franklin Institute. 3d series, vol. 39, June, 1860, No. 6. 
From Dr. T. B. Wilson, on the usual condition. 

Annales des Mines Cinquieme Série Tome 15, 3d Livraison, 1859. Tome 
16, 4th Livraison, 1859. From the Minister of Public Works, France. 

On the Alloys of Copper and Zinc. By Frank H. Storer. 4to. tract, Cam- 
bridge, 1860. From the Author. 


July 3d. General view of the Agriculture of the different Counties of Great 
Britain, drawn up for the consideration of the Board of Agriculture and In- 
ternal Improvement. Forty-five vols. 8vo. London, 1810 to 1813. From Dr. 
John H. Janeway. 

The Dental Cosmos. Vol. 1, New Series, No. 12, July, 1860. From the 
Editors. 

The California Farmer. Nos. 14 and 15, Vol. 13, May and June, 1860. From 
the Editor. 

Walpers, Annales Botanices Systematica. Tomi. Quinti. Fase.5. From the 
Author, Dr. Charles Mueller. 

Wahrnehmungen bei einer Bereisung des Kupfer- und Blei-Gebeites im nord- 
westlichen Theile der Vereinigten Staaten Nord-Amerika’s. Von Dr. Charles 
Mayer Wetherill. 8vo. tract Wien. From the Author. 

Ornithologie du Canada. Premiere Partie les Oiseaux de Proie et les Palmi- 
pedes. Par J. M. Le Moine. 12mo., Quebec, 1860, From the Author. 

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie pure et appliquée. Par M. I. E. Guerin-Mene- 
ville. No. 5, 1860. From the Author. 

The Gardener’s Monthly. Vol. 2, No. 7, 1860. From the Editor. 

Southern Medical and Surgical Journal. Vol. 16, No. 7, July, 1860. From 
the Editor. 

The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society. Vol. 16, Part 2, May Ist, 
1860. From the Society. 

Address delivered at the Anniversary Meeting of the Geological Society of 
London, February, 1860, by J. Phillips, Esq., President. From the Author. 

The Natural History of Washington Territory. By J. G. Cooper, M. D., and 
Dr. G. Suckley, U.S. A. 4to, New York, 1559. From the Authors. 

An Illustration of the Genus Cinchona. By Aylmer Bourke Lambert, F.R.S8., 
&c. 4to. London, 1801. From A. J. Brazier. 

Reports of Explorations and Surveys to ascertain the most practicable and 
economical route for a Railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific 
Ocean, in 1853-6. Vol. 11, 4to. From the War Department. 

Report of the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey. By William H. 
Hmory, Major, &c. 3 vols., 4to. From John Cassin. 


10th. Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Higtth, Ninth, Tenth, 
Eleventh and Twelfth Reports of the State Board of Agriculture of the State of 
Qhio. From the Legislature of Ohio. 

Rubi Germanici, descripti et figuris illustrati cura A. Weihe et Ch. G. Neesii 
ab Esenbeck. Bonne, 1822, fol. Fasiculi. 1 et 2. From B. Westerman & Co. 

American Medical Times. Vol. 1, No. 1, New Series, July 7th, 1860. From 
the Editors. 

Notice of Tertiary Fossils from Labrador, Maine, &c., and remarks on the 
Climate of Canada in the newer Pleiocene or Pleistocene period. By J. W. 
Dawson. 8vo. tract. From the Author. 

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. 7, June, 1860, 
Pages 257—288. From the Society. 

The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist. Vol. 5, No. 3, July, 1860. From 
the Nat. Hist. Society of Montreal. 


Xu. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. 


American Journal of Pharmacy. 3d Series, Vol. 8, No. 4, July, 1860. From 
the Editor. 

Annual of Scientific Discovery, a Year Book of Facts in Science and Art. 2 
vols., 1855 and 1858. From David M. Warren. 

Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. Vol. 11, 4to.,1859. From the 
Smithsonian Institution. 

The following are from Dr. T. B. Wilson, on the usual condition: 

Monographie des Picides. Par Alfred Malherbe. Livraison 4, 1859. 

Catalogue of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the British Museum. Part 19. Py- 
ralides, 1859, and Part 20. Geometrites. 

pele Mensuel de la Société Imperiale Zoologique d’Acclimatation. Tome 7 
No. 5, May, 1860. 

eae de La Belgique et Leurs Eufs. 133 and 134 Livr. 

Histoire Naturelle Générale des Régnes Organiques. Par M. Isidore Geoffroy 
Saint-Hilaire. Tome 3, partie 1. 


Echinides du Département de la Sarthe. Par Cotteau et Triger. Livrai- 
son 5. 
Conchologia Iconica. By Lovell Reeve. Parts 195 and 196. 


17th. Sitzungsberichte der Dorpater Naturforscher-Gesellschaft. 1854 bis 
1856. Archiv ftir die Naturkunde Liv-, Esth-. und Kurland’s Erste Serie Erster 
Band. Zweite Serie, 1 und 2 Band. From the Natural History Society of Dorpat. 

Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserl.-Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathemat- 
Naturwissenschaftliche. Classe Nos. 21 bis 28, 1859, und Nos. 1. und 2, 1860 
From the Vienna Academy. 

Physikalische Abhandlungen der Konigl. heeaeni der Wissenschaften zu 
Berlin, aus dem Jahre, 1858. Mathematische Abhandlungen der K. Akad. der 
Wissen. zu Berlin. Jahre, 1858. Monatsberichte der Konig. Preuss. Akad. der 
Wissen. zu Berlin, 1859. From the Academy. 

Programmes des Cours de Ja Université Catholique de Louvain, 1855—60. 
Annuaire de la Université, &c., 1855—1859. Theses fac. Theol., 181—251. 
Theses fac. Medeicin, 41—50. Theses fac. Philosoph., 8—12. Theses fac. 
Scient., 2—4. From the Catholic University of Louvain. 

Bulletin de L’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg. Tome 
1, Feuilles 1—6. Memoires de L’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. 
Pétersbourg. Tome 1, 7th Serie. From the Academy. 

Abhandlungen von des Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft. 
Band 3, Lieferung 1. From the Society at Frankfurt A. Main. 

Novorum Actorum Academie C. L. ©. Germanice Nature Curiosorum. 
From the Academy at Jena. 

Correspondenz-Blatt des Zoologisch-minerologischen Vereins in Regens- 
burg. 13th Jahrgang. From the Society. 

Berichte iiber die Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu 
Freiburg i. B. Band. 2. Heft 2. From the Society. 

Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift. 3d Jahrgang, Viertes Heft. 4th Jahr- 
gang, Erstes Heft. From the Berlin Entomological Society. 

Sitzungsberichte fiir das Gesellschaftsjahr, 1859. Wiirsburger Naturwis- 
senschafliche Zeitschrift von der Physikal.- Medicin.- Gesellschaft. Band 1, 
Heft 1. From the Society, Wiirzburg. 

Neues Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie Geognosie, &c. Von R. C. von Leonhard 
und H.G.Bronn. 1860. Heft 2. From the Editors. 

Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte. Von Dr. F. H. Troschel. Jahrgang 25, Heftes 5. 

Actes de L’Académie Imperiale des Sciences Belles-Lettres et Arts de Bor- 
deaux. 21st year, 1859. Trimestre 3. From the Academy. 

Verhandlungen des Vereines zur Beforderung des Gartenbaues in der Konig. 
Preuss. Staaten. Neue Reihe. Jahrgang 7, Heft 2. Wochenschrift des Vereins 
zur Beforderung des Gartenbaues, &c., fiir Girtnerei und Pflanzenkunde, 1860, 
Nos. 1 bis 13, From the Society. 


' DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. Xlii. 


Ueber Inselbildung durch Korallen und Mangrovebiische. Von Dr. §S. F. 
Weinland. 8vo. tract, Stuttgart, 1860. From the Author. 

Rede zum Geburts-Feste des hiéchsteeligen Grossherzogs Karl Freiderich 
von Baden und zur Akademischen Preisvertheilung am 22 November, 1859. 
Von Dr. H. G. Bronn. 4to. tract, Heidelberg, 1859. From the Author. 

Iconographie des Helminthes ou des Vers Parasites de l'Homme. Vers 
Cestéides par P. J. Von Beneden. 4to. tract, Louvain, 1859. From the Author. 

Mercantile Library Association, New York. 29th Annual Report, 1859-60. 
From the Association. 

Tbe American Journal of Science and Arts. Vol. 30, Second Series, No. 88, 
July, 1860. From the Editors. 

The New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal. Vol. 17, No. 4, July, 1860. 
From the Editors. 

The North American Medico-Chirurgical Review. Vol. 4, No. 4, July, 1860. 
From the Editors. 

Check lists of the Shells of North America, prepared for the Smithsonian In- 
stitution by Isaac Lea, P. P. Carpenter, Wm. Stimpson, W. G. Binney and 
Temple Prime. Catalogue of the described Lepidoptera of North America, 
prepared for the Smithsonian Institution by John G. Morris. From the Smith- 
sonian institution. 

The California Farmer. Nos. 16 and 17, June, 1860. From the Editor. 

American Medical Times. Vol. 1, No. 2, July, 1860, From the Editors. 

The Mountain. By R. M.S. Jackson, M. D. From the Author. 

The following are from Dr. T. B. Wilson on the usual condition : 

Journal of the Franklin Institute. 3d Series, Vol. 40, July, 1860, No. 1, 

Iconographie des Perroquets non figurés dans les publications de Levaillant 
et de M. Bourjot Sairt-Hilaire. Par M. Charles de Souancé. 


August 7th. On the relative cost of illumination in Lafayette, Ind. By 
Charles M. Wetherill, M. D. 8vo. tract, 1860. From the Author. ; 

American Medical Times. Nos. 3, 4 and 5, 1860. From the Editor. 

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. No. 6, 1860. From the Editor. 

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. New Series, No. 79, July, 
1860. From the Kditor. 

The Gardener’s Monthly. Vol. 2, No. 8, 1860. From the Editor. 

Charleston Medical Journal and Review. Vol. 15, No.4. From the Editor. 

Southern Medical and Surgical Journal. Vol. 16, No. 8. From the Editors. 

Journal of the American Geographical and Statistical Society. Vol. 2, No. 1, 
1860. From the Society. 

The Dental Cosmos. Vol. 2, No. 1, 1860. From the Editors. 

The Canadian Journal. New Series, No. 22, 1860. From the Canadian In- 
stitute. 

The Mining Magazine and Journal of Geology, &c. 2d Series, Vol. 1, No. 6. 
From the Editor. 

The Texas Almanac for 1860. From C. S. Forshay. 


Description des Eaux Minero-Thermales et des Etuves de l’Isle d’Ischia. 
Par J. E. E. Chevalley. From M. C. Lea. 

The Manufacture of Vinegar, its Theory and Practice, with especial reference 
to the quick process. ByC. M. Wetherill. 8vo. From the Author. 

The Institutes of Medicine. By Martyn Paine, M. D. 8vo. From the 
Author. 


14th. Der Zoologische Garten, Organ fiir die Zoologische Gesellschaft in 
Frankfurt am Main. Jahbrgang 1, Heft 1, bis 6,1860. Ueber Inselbildung durch 
Korallen und Mangrovebiische. Von Dr. F. Weinland. 8vo. tract, Stuttgart, 
1860. Beobachtungen iiber die Anatomie des Nilcrocodils, eine Inaugural- 
Dissertation. Adolph Jager. 8vo. tract, Tubingen, 1837. Ueber Zwei am 
Becken Verwachsene Mannlichen Kalber. Von Dr. G. V. Jaeger. 8vo. tract. 
Ueber die Idenditaét des Europaischen und Amerikanischen Bison. Von Dr. G. 


41 ‘ 


XIv. DONTIONS To LIBRARY. 


V. Jaeger. 8vo. tract. Bemerkungen iiber die Verinderung der Zahne von 
Saugethiere im Laufe ihrer Entwickelung, namentliche bie dem Narwhal und 
dem Cachalot. Von Dr. G. V. Jaeger. 8vo. tract, Moskau, 1857. Ueber einen 
durch ringformige Erhéhungen (Wachstumringe?) ausgezeichneten héchst 
walrscheinlich fossilen Stosszahn des Elephanten. Von Dr. G. V. Jaeger. 
8vo. tract, Moskau, 1857. Ueber da Zusammengesetzen Migen Verscheidener 
Thiere, Eine Inaugural-Dissertation. Von Freidriche Martin Duttenhoffer. 4to. 
tract, Tubingen, 1832. From Dr. Joseph Leidy. 

Report on Canadian Graptolites. By James Hall, Montreal, 1858, 8vo. tract. 
From the Author. 

American Medical Times. Vol. 1, No. 6,1860. From the Editor. 

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. 7, pages 289 to 
320 inel. From the Society. 

Table de mortalité pour le Brabant, d’apres les documents du recensement de 
1856. Par M. Ad. Quetelet. S8vo. tract. Eclipse de Soleil du 15 Mars, 1858. 
Notice par M. Ad. Quetelet. 8vo. tract. From the Author. 

Sur la difference des longitudes entre Berlin et Bruxelles déterminée par la 
télégraphie électrique. Par M.Eneke. From the Author. 

Note sur l’Aurore Boréale du 21 Avriel, 1859. Par M. Ernest Quetelet. From 
the Author. 

Annuaire de Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres, et des Beaux-Arts 
de Belgique, 1859. Bulletins de l)Académie Royale des Sciences, &c., de Belgique 
Tome 4,5 and 6, 2d serie. Tables Générales et Analytiques du recueil des 
Bulletins de l’Académie Royal, &c., de Belgique, 1st Serie, Tome 1 a 23. Me- 
moires Couronnés et autres memoires publies par |’Académie Royale, &c., de 
Belgique, Collection in 8vo., Tome 8. Mémoires de l’Académie Royale, &c., de 
Belgique. 4to., Tome 31. Mémoires Couronnés et memoires des Savants 


Etrangeres, Publies par l’Académie Royale, &c., de Belgique. 4to. Tome 29. 
From the Academy. 

The Naturalist’s Library, Mammalia. Vol. 10, Dogs. By Lieut. Col. Chas. 
Hamilton Smith. From C. W. Frost. 

The following are from Dr. T. B, Wilson on the usual condition; 

Bibliotheca Historico-Naturalis Physico-Chemica et Mathematica, 1858, July 
to December, and July to December 1859. By Ernest A. Zuchold. 

Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Impériale Zoologique d’Acclimatation. Tome 
7, No. 6, Juin, 1860. 

Journal of the Franklin Institute. 3d Series, Vol. 40, August, 1860, No. 2. 


Sept. 4th. The inferior surface of the Trilobite discovered. By Jacob Green, 
M. D. 12mo., Philadelphia, 1839. Advantages of Chemistry, an Introductory 
Address. By Jacob Green, M. D. 12mo., Philadelphia, 1834. From Wm. L. 
Mactier. 

American Medical Times. Vol. 1, Nos. 7,8 and 9. From the Editor. 

The following are from Dr. T. B. Wilson on the usual condition: 

Dr. A. Th. v. Middendorff’s Sibirische Reise. Band 4, Theil 1, 4to., St. 
Petersburg, 1859. Karten-Atlas zu Dr. A. V. Middendorff’s Reise in den Aus- 
sersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens. 1859. 

Zoologischer Hand-Atlas. Von Dr. Hermann Burmeister. 4 Lieferung. 

Description des Animaux sans vertébres decouverts dans le Bassin de Paris, 
&c. Par G. P. Deshayes. 19 and 20 Livraisons. 

Trésor de Livres rares et précieux ou Noveau Dictionnaire Bibliographique. 
J. G. T. Gresse. Tome 2, Livr. 3. 

Conchologia Iconica. By Lovell Reeve, F. L.S. Parts 197 and 198. 

Echinides des Département de la Sarthe par Cotteau et Triger. 4th Liy- 
raison. 

Diagnosis Plantarum Novarum presertim Orientalium nonnullis Europzis 
Boreali-Africanisque additis. Series 2, Nos. 4 and 6. Auctore E. Bossier, 
1859. 


DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. xv. 


Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands begonnen von Dr. W. F. Erich- 
son, fortgesetzt von Prof. Dr. H. Schaum, Dr. G. Kraatz und H. v. Kiesenwetter 
Erste Abtheilung Coleoptera. Erster Band, Lieferung 4. Berlin, 1560. 

- Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Impériale Zoologique d’Acclimatation. Tome 
7, No. 7, Juillet, 1860. 

Monographie des Picidés. Par Alfred Malherbe. Livr. 5. 

Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet. Von Martini und Chemnitz. 171st 
Lieferung. 

Katalog Naturwissenschaflicher Werke aus den Antiquarischen lager. Von 
F. U. Wiegel. 

B. Westermann & Co.’s General Catalogue. 

California Farmer. Vol. 13, Nos. 18—22. From the Editor. 

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie pure et appliquee. Par M. F. E. Guerin-Mene- 
ville. 1860, No. 7. From the Editor. 

Review of Professor Paine’s Institutes of Medicine. By Bennett Dowler, M. D. 
8vo. tract. From the Author. 

Catalogue of the Terrestrial and Flnviatile Gasteropods of North America. 
By W. G. Binney. From the Author. 

The Gardener’s Monthly. Vol. 2, No. 9. From the Editor. 

Proceedings of the Royal Society. Vol. 10, No. 38. From the Society. 

Twelfth Annual Report of the Board of Maaagers and Treasurer of the Mary- 
land Institute. From the Institute. 


llth. Catalogue of the Phenogamons and Filicoid Plants of Newcastle 
County, Delaware. By Edward Tatnall. 8vo., 1860. From the Author, 

American Medical Times. Vol. 1, No. 10. From the Editor. 

Southern Medical and Surgical Journal. Vol. 16, No. 9, September, 1860. 
From the Editors. 

The New Orleans Medieal and Surgical Journal. Vol. 17, Sept., 1860, No. 5. 
From the Editors. 

American Journal of Pharmacy. 3d Series, Vol. 8, No. 5, Sept., 1860. From 
the Editor. 

The Dental Cosmos. Vol. 2, No. 2. From the Editors. 

The North American Medico-Chirurgical Review. Vol. 4, No. 5, Sept., 1860. 
From the Editors. 

The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, and Proceedings of the Natural His- 
tory Society of Montreal. Vol. 5, No. 4, August, 1860. From the Society. 

Icthyologie Analytique ou Essai d’une classification Naturelle des Poissons. 
Par A. M.C. Dumeril. 4to., Paris, 1856. From Wm. M. Gabb. 


18th. Troncature normale ou périodique de la coquille dans certains céphalo- 


podes paléozoiques. Par M. Barrande  8vo. tract, 1860. Etat actuel des 
connaissances acquises sur la faune primordiale. Par M. Barrande, 8vo. tract, 
1859. Colonies dans le bassin Silurien de la Bohéme. Par M. J. Barrande. 
1860, 8vo. tract. Fauue primordiale dans la chaine Cantabrique. Par MM, 
Casians de Prado, Hd. de Verneuil et J. Barrande. 8vo. tract, 1860. Paralléle 
entre les depots siluriens de Bohéme et d’ Scandinavie. Par Joachim Barrande. 
4to. tract, Prague, 1856. From the Author. 

American Medical Times. Vol. 1, No.11. From the Editors. 

California Farmer. August, 1850, Nos. 23 and 24. From the Editors. 

Charleston Medical Journal and Review. Vol. 15, No. 5, Sept., 1860. From 
the Editor. 

Edinburgh new Philosophical Journal. New Series, Vol. 12, No.1, July, 
1860. From the Editors. 

The American Journal of Science and Arts. Vol. 30, No. 89, Sept., 1860. 
From the Editors. 

Catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects in the Museum of Natural History at 
the East India House. By Thomas Horsfield and Frederic Moore. Vol. 2, 8yo., 
London, 1858-9. From the Secretary of State for India. 


xVi. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. 


Descriptions of five new species of Gasteropoda from the Coal Measures, and 
a Brachiopod from the Pottsdam Sandstone of Texas. By B. F. Shumard, M. D. 
8vo..tract, 1860. Observations upon the Cretaceous Strata of Texas. ByB. F. 
Shumard, 8vo. tract, 1860. Descriptions of new Cretaceous Fossils from Texas. 
By B. F. Shumard, M.D. 8vo. tract. From the Author. 

The following are from Mrs. Lucy W. Say: 

Manuel de Conchyliologie et de Paleontologie conchyliologique. Par le Dr, 
J.C. Chenu. Tome premier, 8vo., Paris, 1860. 

Traité générale d’Oologie Ornithologique, au point de vue de la classification, 
par O. des Murs. 8vo., Paris, 1860. 

Catalogue of Acanthopterygian Fishes in the Collection of the British Mu- 
seum. By Dr. Albert Giinther. Vol. 1, 8vo., London, 1859. 

Histoire Naturelle generale et particuliére des Reptiles. Par F. M. Daudin. 
8vo. Vol. 8, Paris, 1802. 

The following are from Dr. Thomas B. Wilson on the usual condition: 

Bryologia Javanica. Fasciculi 21 and 32. 

Novitates Conchologice. 12 Lieferung, Tome 1. 

Paleontographica. Von Hermann von Meyer. Band 1, Lief. 3, Band 8, 
Lief. 4. 

Journal of the Franklin Institute. Vol. 40, No. 3, Sept., 1860. 

Histoire Naturelle des Coralliaires ou Polypes proprement dits. Par H. Milne 
Hdwards. (Text.) Tome 3, Planches, Livr. 3, Paris, 1860. 


October 2d. The Weal Reaf,a record of the Essex Institute Fair, held at 
Salem, Sept. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 11, 1860. From the Institute. 

Artificial Lactation. By Charles M. Wetherill, M. D. 8vo. tract, 1860. From 
the Author. 

American Medical Times. Nos. 12 and 13, Vol. 1. From the Editor. 

Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie uitgegeven door de 
Natuurkundige Vereeniging in Nederlandsch Indie. Deel 20, Vierde Serie Deel 
6. From the Society. 

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie pure et appliquée. No. 8, 1860, From the 
Editor. ; 

Bibliothéque Universelle Revue Suisse et Etrangére. Tome 8, No. 32, 1860. 
From the Editors. 

The Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis. Vol. 1, No. 4. 
From the Academy. 

The following are from Dr. T. B. Wilson on the usual conditition : 

Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Impériale Zoologique d’Acclimatation. Tome 
7, No. 8. 

An illustrated and descriptive Catalogue of receut shells. By Sylvanus 
Hanley. Part 3d, Letter-press and Plates. 8vo., London, 1842 to 1856. 

Tbe Dental Cosmos. Vol. 2, No. 4, October. From the Editors. 

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. No. 80, October, 1860. 
From the Editor. 


9th. On a Terrestrial Mollusk, a Chilognathous Myriapod, and some New 
Species of Reptiles, from the Coal-Formation of Nova Scotia. By J, W. Daw- 
con. 8vo. tract, Montreal, 1860. From the Author. 

American Medical Times. Vol. 1, No. 14, Oct. 6. From the Editor. 

Annales des Mines, Cinquiéme Série. Tome 16, 5th Livraison. From the 
Minister of Public Works, Frauce. 

Geological Survey of Canada, Report of Progress for the year 1858. 8vo., 
Montreal, 1859. From the Geolog. Survey. 

The following are from Dr. T. B. Wilson on the usual condition : 

Journal of the Franklin Institute. Vol. 40, No. 4, October. 

Paléontologie Lombarde ou description des Fossiles de Lombarde, Par 
Antoine Stoppani. 12 Livraison. 


DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. XV. 


Dr. A. Th. v. Middendorff’s Sibirische Reise. Band 4, Theil 1, Zweite Lie- 
ferung. 

Dubois Oiseaux de la Belgique et de leurs Oeifs. Livr. 135 and 136. 

Die Végel Griechenlands. Von Dr. Ritter A. Lindermayer. Passau. 8yo., 
1860. 

Bibliotheca Historico-Naturalis. Von Ernest A. Zuchold Erster Jahrgang, 
1851, Hefts 1 und 2. 


October 16th. The Gardener's Monthly. Vol. 2d, No. 10, Oct., 1860. From 
the Editor. 

Annual Reports of the Trustees of the New York State Library for the years 
1857, 58, 59, and 60. Twelfth Annual Report of the Regents of the University 
on the condition of the State Cabinet of Natural History, for the years 1857, 
58 and 59. Seventy-third Annual Report of the Regents of the University 
made January 28th, 1860. Catalogue of the New York State Library. Vol. 4, 
8vo. Results of a series of Meteorological Observations, made in obedience to 
instructions from the Regents of the University. From 1826 to 1850 inclusive. 
From the Regents of the University of the State of New York. 

A Practical Dictionary of the English and German languages in two parts, 
English and German and German and English. By Dr. Felix Fliigel, under the 
cooperation of Dr. J. G. Fliigel. 2 vels., 8vo. Leipsic, 1858. From Mrs. Lucy 
W. Say. 

First Report of Philip T. Tyson, State Agricultural Chemist, to the House of 
Delegates of Maryland, January, 1860. 8vo., Annapolis. From the Author. 


23d. An Elementary Treatise on Human Anatomy. By Joseph Leidy, M. D. 
_8vo., Philadelphia, 1860. From the Author. 

Review of the American Bombide, together with a description of several 
species heretofore undescribed. 8vo., tract, 1860. From the Author. 

The Canadian Journal of Industry, Science and Art. New Series. No. 29, 
September, 1860. From the Canadian Institute. 

American Medical Times. Vol. 1, Nos. 15 and 16, 1860. From the Editors. 

Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society ef Edinburgh, 1854 to 1858, Vol. 
1. From the Royal Physical Society. 

The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society. Vol. 16, Part 3, No. 63. 
From the Geological Society of London. 

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 10, No. 39. From the 
Royal Society. 

Report of the Proceedings of the Geological and Polytechnic Society of the 
West Riding of Yorkshire, 1859, Frem the Society. 

Fortieth Report of the Council of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary So- 
ciety, 1859-60. Sensorial Vision. By Sir J. F. W. Herschel. 8vo. tract, 1858. 
The Physical condition of the people in its bearing upon their social and moral 
welfare. _ By Rt. Rev. R. Bickersteth. 8vo. tract, i860. From the Leeds Phil. 
and Lit. Society. 

Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester. Second 
Series, Vol. 15, Part 2. Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical Society, 
pages 60 to 252 inclusive, for 1858-59. From the Society. 

The Journal of the Society of Arts and of the Institutions in Union. Vel. 8, 
Nos. 376 to 401 inclusive, from Feb. 3d, 1860, to July 27th, 1860, From the 
Society of Arts, London. 

Actes de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de Bor- 
deaux. 3d Ser,, 21 An., 1859, 4 Trimes. From theAcademy. 

Vierter und Achter Bericht der Oberhessischen Gesellschaft fur Natur- und 
Heilkunde. 1854 and ’60. From the Society. 

Kleine Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Emden. Nos. 6 and 7. 
Fuafundvierzigster Jahresberichte der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Em- 
den, 1859. From the Society. 


41* 


XVul. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. 


Verhandlungen der Russich-Kaiserlichen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft zu St. 
Petersburg. Jahrgang, 1842, 1850 und 751, 1852 und 753, 1857 und ’58. From 
the Society. 

Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg. Tome 1, 
Feuilles 7-36. Memoires de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Peters- 
bourg. 7 Serie, Tome 2, Nos. 1—3, 1859. From the Academy, 

Archiv des Vereins der Freunde der Naturgeschichte in Mecklenburg. Jahr. 
14, 1860. From the Society in Mecklenburg, 

Zeitschrift der Deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft. Band 11, Heft 3, 1859. 
From the Society in Berlin. 

Nachrichten von der Georg-August-Universitats und der KonigI. Gesellschaft 
der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen. Jahre, 1859. From the Society. 

Neues Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefakten-kunde. 
Von R. ©. von Leonhard und H. G. Bronn. Jahrgang, 1860, Heft 3. From the 
Editors. 


Uber die Wohnsitze der Brachiopoder. Von Prof. Edward Suess. No. 2, 
Wein, 1860. From the Author. 

Denkschriften der Kaiserl, Akad. der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Natur- 
wissen. Classe, Band 18. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserl. Akad. der Wissen- 
schaftliche. Classe, Band 39, Nos. 3, 4 und 5. Band 40, Nos. 7, 8 und 10. From 
the Academy. 

Verhandlungen der Kaiser.- Kénig. Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in 
Wien. Jabrgang, 1859. From the Society. 

Jahrbuch der Kaiser.-Konigl. Geologischen Reichsanstalt. Jahrgang 10, 
1859, Nos. 3 und 4. From the Institute. 

Rede zum Geburts-Feste des héchsteeligen Grossherzogs Karl Frederich von 
Baden und zur akademischen Preisvertheilung am 22. November, 1859. Von 
Dr. Heinrich Georg Bronn. 4to. tract. From the Author. 

Tableau Méthodique et Descriptif des Mollusques Terrestres et d’Hau douce 
de l’Agenais. Par J. B. Gassies. 8vo., Paris, 1849. From the Author. 

Journal de Conchyliologie. Tome 8, Nos. 1 et 2, 1860. From the Editors, 
MM. Fischer et Bernardi. 

Monographie des Genres Galatea et Fischeria, par le Chevalier A. C. Ber- 
nardi. 4to., Paris, 1860. From the Author. 

Bulletins de l’Académie Royal des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de 
Belgique, 28 An. 2 Ser. Tomes 7 et 8. Mémoires Couronnes et Autres publiés, 
par l’'Academie Royale, &c., collec. in 8vo., Tomes 9 and 10. Annuaire de 
VAcadémie Royale, &., 26th An., 1860. Observations des Phénoménes 
Périodiques. Sur la difference de Longitude des Observations de Bruxelles et 
Berlin, déterminée en 1857, par des signaux Galvaniques. From the Academy. 


November 6th. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie pure et appliqnée. Par M. F. 
KE. Guerin-Méneville. No. 9, 1860. From the Editor. : 

Southern Medical and Surgical Journal. Vol. 16, No. 18, 1860. From the 
Editors. 

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. 7, pages 321 to 
352 inel. From the Society. 

Proceedings of the Essex Institute. Vol. 2, Part 2. From the Institute. 

The Dental Cosmos. Vol. 2, No. 4. From the Editors. 

The American Medical Times. Vol. 1, Nos. 17 and 18. From the Editor. 

The New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal for Nov., 1860. From the 
Editors. 

Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool during 
the 49th Session, 1859-60, No. 14. From the Society. 

Proceedings of the Royal Society. Vol. 10, No. 40. From the Society. 

Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal. New Series, No. 24, Vol. 12, No. 2, 
October, 1860. From the Editors. 

Sur le Neocomien dans le Jura et son role dans la série Stratigraphique. Par 
Jules Marcou. Genéve, 1858, 8vo. From the Author. 


DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. XIX: 


Actes de l’Academie Impériale des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de Bor- 
deaux. 3d Ser. 22 An.. 1860, 2d Trimes. From the Academy. 


Etudes Organiques sur les Cuscutes. Par M. Charles Des Moulins. S8vo.. 
Toulouse, 1253. Catalogue Roissonné des Phanérogames de la Dordogne Sup- 
plement final, 1858. Par M. Charles des Moulins. 8vo., Bordeaux 1859. Les 
Savants Voyageurs a Bordeaux. Documents relatifs a la faculté Germinative 
conseryee par quelques graines antiques. Sur les Chrysanthémes d’Automne 
de nos jardins et sur quelques plantes qui leur sont congénéres. Note sur le 
Sisymbrium Bursifolium de La Peyrouse. Deuxiéme et Troisiéme Memoires 
relatif aux causes qui paraissent influer particuliérement sur la croissance de 
certains Végétaux dans des conditions déterminées. Discours sur evolution 
des forces vitales dans la nature. Erythraa et Cyclamen de la Gironde. Rap- 
port sur le mouvement Scientifique archéologique et littérare dans la Gronde 
de 1855 a 1857. Documents relatifs a la naturalisation en France du Painicum 
digitaria. Résumé d’une publication de M. E. A. Carriére intitulée, les Hommes 
et les Choses en 1857. De la propriété littéraire en Matiere de nomenclature 
scientifique. Comparaison des Départements de la Gironde et de la Dordogne 
sous le rapport de leur végétation spontanée et de leurs cultures, Par M. 
Charles des Moulins. 13 8vo. tracts. From the Author. 

Mémoires de Académie Imperiale des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de 
Lyon. Tomes 7, 8 et 9. From the Academy. 

Nova Acta Regie Societatus Scientiarum Upsaliensis. Serie Tertiz. Vol. 2. 
Arsskrift utgifven af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Societeten i Upsala, Forsta argangen. 
From the Society in Upsala. - 

Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou. Nos. 2, 3, and 
4, 1859, No. 1, 1860. Nouveaux Mémoire de la Société Impériale des Natural- 
istes de Moscou. Tomes 11, 12 and 13, Livraison 1. From the Society. 

Académie des Sciences et Lettres de Montpelier Mémories de la Section de 
Médecine. Tome 3, Fasciculis 1 and 2. From the Academy. 

G. Th. Fechner, Ueber einige Verhaltnisse des Binocular Sehens. 4to., Leip- 
zig, 1860. G. Mettenius, Zwei Abhandlungen. 1, Beitrage zur Anatomie der 


Cycadeen. 2 Uber Seitenknospen bei Farner. 8vo., Leipzig, 1869. P. A. Han- 
sen Auseinandersetzung einer Zweckmissigen Methode zur Berechnung der 
abzoluten Stérungen der kleinen Planeten. Dritte Abhandlung. 8vo., Liepzig. 
Berichte tber die Verhandlungen der Koéniglich Sichsischen Gesellschaft der 
Wissenschaften zu Leipzig. Heft 1, 23 und 4, 1859 and 1860. From the 
Society. 

Der Zoologische Garten Organ der Zoologischen Gesellschaft in Frankfurt am 
Main. Jahr. 1, Nos. 7—12. From the Society. 

Zeitschrift der deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft. Band 11, Heft. 4. From 
the Society. 

Memoires la Societé Impériale des Sciences Naturelles de Cherbourg. Tome 
7, 1859. From the Society. 

Plantes vasculaires des environs de Cherbourg. Par Aucuste le Jolis. 8vo., 
Paris, 1860. From the Author. 

Archiv fir Naturgeschichte. Von Dr. F. H. Troschel. 25 Jahr., Heft. 6 und 
Jahr. 25, Heft. 1. Prom Dr. Troschel. 

11th Katalog Naturwissenschaftlicher Werke aus den antiquarischeu Lager. 
Von F. O. Wiegel. From the Author. 


13th. The rock oils of Ohio. By. J.S. Newberry. 8vo. tract, 1859. From 
the Author. ‘ b 

Southern Medical and Surgical] Journal. Vol. 17, No. 11, Nov., 1860. From 
the Editors. ; u 2 

The North American Medico-Chirurgical Review. Vol. 4, No. 6, Nov., 1860. 
From the Editors. : 

American Medical Times. Vol. 1, No. 19, Nov., 1860. From the Editors. 


xx. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. 


American Journal of Pharmacy, 3d series, vol. 8, No. 6, Nov., 1860. From 
the Editor. 

The Gardener’s Monthly, vol. 2, No. 11, Nov., 1860. From the Editor. 

Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France. Tome 6, No. 8, 1859. Wom- 
mage Rendu a la Mémoire de M. Alexandre de Humboldt dans la séance du 13 
Mai, 1859. From M. Chs. de Moulins. 

Walpers. Annales Botanices Systematice. Tome 5, fasc. 6. Auct. Dr. 
Carolo Mueller. From the Author. ‘ 

The Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1859. Part 3, June 
to December. From the Zoological Society. 

Due Lettere de Prof. Michele Tenore con alcune Notizie sull’ Isola d’Ischia. 
Ed. 2, Napoli, 1858. 8vo. tract. Ricerche sulla classificazione de Platini M. 
Tenore. 4to. tract. 1856. Sopra Alcuni Alberi mentovati negli scrittori del 
medio evo, osservazioni di Michele Tenore. Sopra aicune specie di Cipressi 
osservazioni del Cay. Prof. Michele Tenore. 4to. tract. Modena, 1853. Cata- 
logo del Real Orto Botanico di Napoli. 4to. 1845. Michele Tenore. From 
EK. Durand. 

Essais de Géographie Malacologique par MM. les Docteurs De Grateloup et 
Vor Paulin. 8vo. Bordeaux, 1855. Conchyliologie Fossile des terrains Ter- 
tiaires du Bassin de l’Adour, par M. le Dr. Grateloup. Atlas. 4to. 1840. From 
M. de Grateloup. 

The following are from Dr. T. B. Wilson, on the usual condition: 

Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Impériale Zoologique d’Acclimatation. Tome 
7, No. 9. Sept., 1860. 

The Natural History of the Tineina, (vol. 5,) containing Coleophora. Part 2, 
8vo. 1860. By H. T. Stainton. 

Conchologia Iconica. By Lovell Reeve. Part 199. 

Palzontographica. Beitrige zur Naturgeschichte der Vorwelt. Band 8. 
Lieferung 5. Von Hermann von Meyer. Band 9. Lieferung 1. Von Wilhelm 
Dunker. Cassel, 1860. 

Trésor de Livres rares et précieux, ou Nouveaux Dictionnaire Biblio- 
graphique. Tome 2. Livr. 4. 

Zoologischer Hand-Atlas von Dr. Hermann Burmeister. Lieferung 5. 

Exploration Scientifique de l’Algérie, Botanique. Livraison 12—17. 

Monographie des Picides, par Alfred Malherbe. Livraison 6. 

Journal of the Franklin Institute, vol. 40, No. 5, Nov., 1860. 


20th. American Medical Times, vol. 1, No. 10. From the Editors. 

The New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal, vol. 17, No. 6, Nov., 1860. 
From the Editors. 

Charleston Medical Journal and Review, vol. 15, No. 6, Nov., 1860. From 
the Editor. 5 

Bibliothéque Universelle Revue Suisse et Etrangére. Tome 9, No. 34, Oct., 
1860. 

The following are from Dr. Thomas B. Wilson, on the usual condition :— 

Echinides du Departement de la Sarthe par Cotteau et Triger. Livraison 6. 

Novitates Conchologice, par Dr. Louis Pfeiffer. Livraison 13, 14. 

Monographie des Picides, par Alfred Malherbe. Livr. 7. 


December 4th. Annales des Sciencias e Lettras, publicados debaixo dos 
auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias. Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas, 
Historico-Naturaes e Medicas. Tomo 1. Primiero Anno. Outubro de 1857. 
Fevereiro de 1858. Tomo 2. Anno 2. Marco de 1858. Julhode, 1858. An- 
nales Sc. Sciencias Moraes, Politicas e Bellas Lettras. Tomo 1. Anno 1. Sep- 
tembro de 1857. Fevereiro de 1858. Tomo 2. Anno 2. Marcode, 1858. No- 
vembro de 1858. Collegao de Opusculos Reimpressos relativos a Historia das 
Navyegacoes, &c. dos Portuguezes, pela Acad. Real dos Sciencias. Tomo 1, No. 
3. Historia da Prouincia Santa Cruz, feita por pero de Magolhaes de Gan- 
davo. Quadro Elementar das relagoes politicas e diplomaticas de Portugal 


DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. Xxi. 


com as diversas Potencias do Mundo. Tomo 16e17. Lendas da India por 
Gaspar Correa. Tomo 1. Parte 1. e Parte 2. 4to. Memorias da Academia 
Real das Sciencias de Lisboa. Classe de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e 
Naturaes. Nova Serie. Tom. 2, parte 1. Portugalliae Inscriptiones Romanas 
edidit. Levy Maria Jordao. Vol. 1. Portugalliae Monumenta Historica a seculo 
octavo post Christum usque ad quintumdecimum. Leges et consuetudines. 
Vol. 1, fase. 2. From the Royal Academy of Sciences of Lisbon. 

The California Farmer, vol. 14, Nos. 8,9 and 10. From the Editors. 

The Dental Cosmos, vol. 2, No. 5, Dec., 1860. From the Editors. 

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie pure et appliquée, No. 10,1860. From the 
Editor. 

Further Remarks on Numerical Relations between Equivalents. By M. Carey 
Lea. 8vo. tract. 1860. From the Author. 

Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of Ohio. By J. S. Newberry, 
M.D. 8vo. tract. Columbus, 1860. From the Author. 

Supplementary Chapter to Acadian Geology. By J. W. Dawson, LL.D., &c. 
12mo. Edinburgh, 1860. From the Author. 

Southern Medical and Surgical Journal, vol. 16, No. 12, Dec., 1860. From 
the Editors. 

American Medical Times, vol. 1, Nos. 21 and 22, Nov., 1860. From the 
Editors. 

The American Journal of Science and Arts, vol. 30, 2d series, No. 90, Nov., 
1860. From the Editors. 

The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, vol. 5, No, 5, Oct., 1860. From the 
Natural History Society of Montreal. 

Observations on the Genus Unio. By Isaac Lea, LL.D., &c. Vol. 8, part 1. 
4to. 1860. From the Author. 

Athanasii Kircheri e Soc. Jesu Mundus Subterraneus. Tomus 1. Folio. 
Amsterdam, 1668. A General Natural History of new and accurate descrip- 
tions of the Animals, Vegetables and Minerals of the different parts of the 
World. By John Hill, M.D. Folio. London, 1751. From Mr. Walter 
Cresson. 

Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Impériale Zoologique d’Acclimatation. Tome 
7, No. 10, Octobre, 1860. From Dr. T. B. Wilson, on the usual condition. 


11th. Introductory Discourse on Speculative and Inductive Medicine, de- 
livered in the Medical Department of Pennsylvania College, Oct. 8, 1860, by 
Henry Hartshorne, M.D. From the Author. 

The Quarterly Journal of the Chemical Society of London. Vol. 11, No. 4. 
Vol. 12. Vol. 13, Nos. 1, 2and 3. From the Society. 

American Medical Times, vol. 1, No. 23. From the Editor. 

The Gardener’s Monthly, vol. 2,No. 12. From the Editor. 

On some questions concerning the Coal Formations of North America, by 
Leo Lesquereux. 8vo. tract. From the Author. 

Natur-Andachten. Dichtungen aus dem Reiche der Natur und an ihre 
Freunde von Joh. Gistel, &c. &c. 8yo. Straubing, 1857. Achthundert und 
zwanzig neue oder unbeschreibene wirbellose Thiere, charakterisirt von Dr. 
Johannes Gistel. 8vo. Straubing, 1857. Vacuna oder die Geheimnisse aus 
dem organischen und leblosen Welt, von Prof. Dr. Johannes Gistel. Erster 
Band. 8vo. Straubing, 1857. From Dr. Gistel. 

The Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, with Illustrations. 
Parts 1 and 2, Jan. to June, 1860. From the Society. 

United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838 to 1842, under 
the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Herpetology, by Charles Girard. 
With a folio Atlas. 1858. From Mrs. Lucy W. Say. 

The following are from Dr. Thos. B. Wilson, on the usual condition : 

Journal of the Franklin Institute, vol. 40, No. 6, 1860. 

Notice sur quelques races de Chevaux, sur les haras et les remontes dans 
Empire d@’Autriche, par M. Huzard fils. 12mo. tract. 1823. Paris. 


Xxii. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. 


Raupenkalender oder Verzeichnisaller Monate in welchen die von Rosel und 
Kleemann beschreibene und abgebildete Raupen nebst ihrem Futter zu finden 
sind. Von Johann Mader. Nurnberg, 1786. 12mo. 

Examen Analytique des ceufs de poule. Par B. G. Sage. 12mo. tract. Paris, 
1823. 

Exposition méthodique du Régne végétal. Par J. F. Caffin. 12mo. Paris, 
1822. 

Nomenclator entomologicus secundum Entomologiam Systematicamill. Fab- 
ricil, &c., a Frederick Weber. 18mo. Chilonii et Hamburgi, 1795. 

Essai d’une Iconographie élementaire et philosophique des Végétaux. Par 
P. J. F. Turpin. Paris, 1820. 12mo. 

Des avantages de l’esprit d’observation dans les sciences et les arts, avec 
quelques remarques relatives a la Physionomie. Par X. A****, 12mo. Paris, 
1809. 

Nomenclator Entomologicus enumerans Insecta omnia in J. C. Fabricii En- 
tomologia Systematica emendata et aucta 1792. 12mo. Mancunii, 1795, 

Traite d education ou méthode abrégée pour elever les Serins ee Canarie, &c. 
Par O***, Lyon, 1768. 12mo. 

Mocographie des Picides. Par Alfred Malherbe. Livr. 8. 

Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz. Lief. 172. 

Saunders and Hewitson’s Exotic Butterflies. Parts 35 and 36. 

Paleontologie Lombarde. Par A. Stoppani. Livr. 13. 

Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Vol. 4, Part 4. From the 
Publication Committee. 


NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 9 


‘ 


far as we desired. We therefore hesitated to publish the results of our 
examination of the chemical nature of these poisons, but upon more 
mature reflection have concluded to lay them before the scientific world, 
trusting at some future period to be enabled to present a more complete 
memoir on the subject, and to correct any errors into which we may have 
fallen in the course of the researches just concluded.* 


May. 
1.—Puysio.Loey. 


A paper was read, entitled, “‘ Food of the Shad of the Atlantic Coast 
of the United States, (Alosa sapzdissima,) and the functions of the 
pyloric ceca. By HK. R. Mordecai, M. D., of Mobile, Alabama. 

This paper, after calling to mind the anatomy of the alimentary canal of 
the shad, lays particular stress upon the facts that the teeth are very 
small, and of such an arrangement as to suggest its food to be easy 
of prehension; that the largest, longest, and also the greatest number of 
the ceca open into the znferzor wall of the expansion of the intestine 
that is found beyond the pylorus. 

On examining the intestines of a number of shad, fresh run from the 
sea, the ceca were always found to be distended by a brownish-looking 
fluid substance, not differing to the naked eye from a fluid material of the 
same color, filling the stomach. This fluid under the microscope, both 
that from the stomach and fromthe ceca, was seen to be composed of 
differently shaped and colored fragments of alge and the calcareous shields 
of infusoria. 

The food of the shad would therefore appear to be marine alge, which 
are broken down by the powerful muscular walls of the stomach, aided 
by the broken shells of infusoria. The ceca are receptacles for food ; 
enabling the animal to exist for a considerable time without receiving 
additional nourishment. 

Arguments in favor of these views are drawn by Dr. Mordecai from 
an analogous condition of things in other fish, that ascend fresh water 
streams, or seek other places than those likely to supply them with food, 
for the purpose of spawning. 

Specimens mounted for microscopical examination accompanied this 
paper; and the statements above made in regard to the contents of the 
stomach and the cxca, were abundantly verified by members of the 
Academy. 


*Some misconception appears to have been occasioned by the names under which we 
have studied these poisons. In our first essay they were distinguished as “ corroval and 
vao, two new varieties of woorara, the South American arrow poison.’’ In consequence 
of this title, it has been supposed that we regarded corroval and vao as identical with 
the woorara of De-la-Condamine, Kolliker and others. No person, however, who went 
beyond the title of the papers, could possibly entertain this idea, since the toxicological 
distinction is drawn in the most definite manner. All the specimens of corroval and yao 
which we have seen, have come to us labelled woorara, and we have been informed 
that this term, or the more specific appellation, were indiscriminately used by the 
Indians of the Rio Darien. 


1860.] 


DonaTIONS TO LiIsRARY.—1860. 


January 10th, 1860. Revue de Zoologie pure et appliquée, 1859. No. 11. 
From the Editor. 

Funfter Jahresbericht des Germanischer National-Museums zu Niirnberg. 
1859. 4to., from the Smithsonian Institution. 

Acta Societatis Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandice. Vols. 1 and 2. 1856,-57. 
From the Society. 

Transactions of the Zoological Society of London. Yol.4. Parts 5 and 6. 
1858-59. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1857. Pages 192 
to 308, 1858, and 1859, Parts 1 aud 2. From the Society. 

The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, Vol. 15, part 4th, No. 60. 
1859. From the Society. 

The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist. Vol. 4, No. 6, Dec. 1859. From 
the Nat. Hist. Society of Montreal. 

Boston Journal of Natural History. Vol. 7,No. 1. Proceedings of B.S. N. 
H. Vol. 7, pages 129 to 160 incl. From the Boston Society of Nat. History. 

American Journal of Pharmacy, 3d series. Vol. 8, No. 1. Jan. 1860. From 
the Editor. 

Southern Medical and Surgical Journal. Vol. 15, No.12. Dec. 1859. From 
the Editor. 

The Dental Cosmos. Vol. Ist, Nos. 1 and 6. From the Editors. 

The American Journal of Science and Arts. Vol. 29, No. 85. Jan. 1860. 
From the Editors. 

Lecture on Sable Island. By J. Bernard Gilpin. Wreck of the “ Arno:’— 
a poem. By Hun. Joseph Howe, From the Author. 8yo. tract. Halifax, 
1859. 

Letter from Mr. Wallace, on the Geographical distribution of Birds. 8vo. 
tract. 1859. From the Editor of ‘‘ The Ibis.” 

On Fossil Plants from the Devonian Rocks of Canada. By J. W. Dawson. 
8vo. tract. 1859. From the Author. 

Notices of Fossils from the Permian Strata of Texas and New Mexico, ob- 
tained by the United States Expedition, under Capt. John Pope, for boring Ar- 
tesian Wells along the 32nd parallel, &c. By B. F. Shumard, M. D. 8vo. 
tract. 1859. From the Author. 

Catalogue of Publications of Societies, and of other periodical works in the 
Library of the Smithsonian Institution. 8vo. 1859. From the Smithsoniar 
Institution. 

The Geology of Pennsylvania: a Government Survey. By Henry Darwin 
Rogers, State Geologist. Vol. 2d. 4to. 1858. From the State of Pennsyl 
vania. 

The Medical Examiner. 18 vols., from 1838 to 1856. From Dr. S. Weir 
Mitchell. 

The following are from Dr. T. B. Wilson, on the usual condition: 

Palzontographica. Beitriige zur Naturgeschichte der Vorwelt Achter Band 
Erste und Zweite Lieferung. Hermann Von Meyer. 4to. 1859. 

Catalogue of Orthopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. 
Part 1. Phasmide. By John Obadiah Westwood. 4to. London, 1859. 


17th. On Numerical Relations existing between the equivalent members of 
elementary bodies. By M. Carey Lea. 8vo. tract. Part 1. From the Author. 

Proceedings of the American Philosophicai Society. Vol. 7, No. 62. July— 
December, 1859. From the Society. 

Charleston Medical Journal and Review. Vol. 15, No.1. January, 1860. 
From the Editor. 

New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal. Vol. 17,No.1. January, 1860. 
From the Editors. 

Catalogue of recent Marine Shells, found on the coasts of North and South 
Carolina. 8vo. tract. Portland, 1860. By J. D. Kurtz. From the Author. 


lk. DONTIONS TO LIBRARY. 


24th. Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society. Oct. 21st, 1859. 
From the Society. 

St. Joseph’s Journal of Medicine and Surgery. Vol- 2, No.3. January, 1860. 
From the Editors. 

Annual Report of the Directors of the Mint, for the fiscal year ending June 
30th, 1859. From J. Ross Snowden. 

First Report of the Geological and Agricultural Survey of Texas. 8vo. tract. 
1859. From B. F. Shumard, M. D. 

Catalogue of the Pennsylvania State Library. 8vo. 1859. From the State 
Department. 

The following are from Dr. T. B. Wilson, on the asual condition; 

Journal of the Franklin Institute, 3rd series. Vol. 29, No.1. Jan. 1860. 

Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde uitgegeven door het Koninklijk Zoologisch Ge- 
nootschap Natura Artis Magistra. Amsterdam, 7th Aflevering, 1858. 

A Monograph of the Trochilide, or Humming Birds. By John Gould, F. R. 
S. Parts 17 and 18. 

The Mammals of Australia. By John Gould. Part 11. 

The Birds of Australia. By John Gould. Supplement, part 3. 

The Birds of Asia. By Johu Gould. Part 11. 


February 7th. Der Zoologische Garten, organ ftir die Zoologische Gesell- 
schaft. Frankfurt Am Main, No.1. Jahrg.1. October, 1859. From the So- 
ciety. 

Zeitschrift der Deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft. Band 10, Heft 4,— 
Band 11, Heft 1. Berlin, 1858. 

Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter. Femte Rekke.— 
Fjerde Binds, Andet Hefte, and Férste Hefte. 1859. Kjébenhavn. From the 
Society. 

Berichte iiber die Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Frei- 
burg. Band 2, Heft 1. 1859. From the Society. 

Verhandlungen der naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel Zweiter Theil 
zweiter und Drittes Heft. 1859. From the Society. 

Oversigt over det kongelige danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger 
og dets Medlemmers Arbeider 1 Aaret, 1858. From the Society. 

Bulletin de La Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou. An. 1858, Nos. 
2, 3, and 4, and An. 1859, No.1. From the Society. 

Annales des Mines, Cinquiéme Serie, Tome 15, Ist and 2nd, Livraison de 
1859. From the Minister of Public Works, France. 

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie pure et appliquée, No. 12, 1859. From the 
Editor. 

Lijst der Schelpdieren die tot ruil voorhandenzijn bij s’ Rijks Museum van 
Naturlijke Geschiedens te Leiden, 1856, (manuscript). Coup-d’Oeil sur les 
Mollusques de La Famille des Cyclades, observés jusqu’a ce jour dans le Dé- 
partment du Nord, par N. A.J. Normand. 8vo. tract, Valenciennes, 1854. No- 
tice sur plusieres nouvelles espéces de Cyclades découvertes dans les environs 
de Valenciennes, par N. A.J. Normand. §8vo. tract, Valenciennes, 1844. Cata- 
logue des Mollusques du Départment de L’Oise, par Aug. Bandon, M. D. 8vo. 
tract, Beauvais, 1855. From Temple Prime. 

The New York Medical Press. Vol. 2, No. 26, Decem. 24th, 1859. From 
the Editors. 

The Journal of the Society of Arts, and of Institutions in Union. Vol. 7, 
Nos. 359 to 362 incl., 1859. From the Society. 

St. Joseph Journal of Medicine and Surgery. Vol. 2, No. 3, Jan., 1860. From 
the Editors. 

The Canadian Journal of Industry, Science and Arts. New series, No. 25, 
Jan., 1860. From the Institute. 

Report on Weights and Measures, read before the Pharmaceutical Associa- 
tion at their Eighth Annual Session, by Alfred B. Taylor. 8vo., Boston, 1859. 
From the Author. 

Annual of Scientific Discovery : or Year-Book of Facts in Science and Art, 


DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. lil. 


for 1860. Edited by David A. Wells, A.M. 8vo., Boston, 1860. From the 
Kditor. 

Descriptions of New Species of Fossils from the Paleozoic Rocks of the 
Western States. By J. H. McChesney. 4to., Chicago, 1859. From the Au- 
thor. 

An Essay on the Tides: Theory of the two forces. By Alexander Wilcocks, 
M.D. 12mo., Philadelphia, 1855. From the Author. 


i4th. The Dental Cosmos. Vol. 1, No. 7, 1860, From the Editors. 

Southern Medical and Surgical Journal. Vol. 16, No. 1, Jan., 1860. From 
the Editors. 

Additions et Rectifications aux plan et prodrome de L’Iconographie descrip- 
tive des Ophidiens, par M. Jan. 8vo. tract. From the Author. 

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Nat. History. Vol. 7, pages 161 to 192 
incl. From the Society. 

Twenty-fifth Annual Report of the Young Men’s Mercantile Library Associa- 
tion of Cincinnati, for the year 1859. From the Association. 

Constitution, By-Laws, and list of Officers and Members of the Chicago 
Academy of Sciences. From the Academy. 

Memoirs of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Vol. 7. Svo., Philada., 
1860. From the Society. 

The following are from Dr. T. B. Wilson on the usual conditions : 

Journal of the Franklin Institute. Vol. 39, No. 2, Feb., 1860. 

Histoire Naturelle des Coléoptéres de France, par M. C. Mulsant Angusti- 
pennes. Paris, 1858. 

Flora Indiz Batave, vol. 1, pars 2. Fasc. 3, and vol. 2, Fasc. 7, par M. Miguel. 

Planches Colorieés des Oiseaux de La Belgique et leurs Gufs, par Ch. T. 
Dubois, 126 and 127, Livraisons. 

Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet, von Martini und Chemnitz. Dritter Band. 
Heft. 23. 

Trésor de Livres rares et précieux ou Noveau Dictionnaire Bibliographique, 
par J. G. F. Gresse, Tome 2, Livr. 1. 

Bryologia Javanica, Fasc. 18 and 19. 

Zoologischer Hand-Atlas, von Dr. Hermann Burmeister, Lief. 3. 

Die Conchylien des Mainzer Tertiarbeckens, von Prof. Dr. Fridolin Sandber- 
ger, Lief, 3d. 

Publications of the Paleontographical Society, for 1857. Conchologia Ico- 
nica, by Lovell Reeve. Parts 188 and 189. 

Hewitson’s Exotic Butterflies. Part 33, Jan. 2d, 1860. 


21st. Book of the Twelfth Annual Exhibition of the Maryland Institute, 
From the Institute. 

Catalogue of the Officers and Students of the State University of Michigan, 
for 1860. From the University. 

Contributions to the Paleontology of New York,—being some of the results 
of investigations made during the years 1855, 56, ’57,’58. By James Hall. From 
the Author. 

Iowa Geological Survey,—supplement to vol. 1, part 2d, 1859. By James 
Hall. New species of Fossils from the Niagara Group of Wisconsin. By James 
Hall. From the Author. * 

Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India. Vol. 2, part 1. From the Geo- 
logical Museum, Calcutta. 

Personal Narrative of Explorations and Incidents in Texas, New Mexico, 
California, Sonora, and Chihuahua, connected with the United States and Mexi- 
can Boundary Commission, in the years 1850, ’51, 52, and ’53. By John Rus- 
sell Bartlett, U. S. Commissioner. Vol. 2, 8vo. From Bb. F. Shumard, in ex- 
change. 

Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Vol. 7, parts 1 to 8, inclusive, 
1858 and 1859. Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy. Vol. 23, part 2. 
From the Academy. 


1V. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. 


March 6th. Southern Medical and Surgical Journal. Vol. 16, No. 2, Feb- 
ruary, 1860. From the Editors. 

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie pure et appliquée. 1860, No.1. From the 
Editors. 

The American Journal of Science and Arts. Vol. 29, No. 86, March, 1860. 
From the Editors. 

American Journal of Pharmacy. 3d series, vol. 8, No. 2, March, 1860. From 
the Editor. 

The Dental Cosmos. Vol. 1, No. 8, March, 1860. From the Editors. 

Memoir on the salubrity of the Isle of Pines. By Dr. Don José de La Luz 
Hernandez. S8vo. tract, Habana, 1857. From the Author. 

United States and Mexican Boundary Survey, Cactacee of the Boundary. By 
George Engelmann, M. D., St. Louis. From the Author. 

What may be learned from a Tree. By Harlan Coultas. 8vo., Philada., 
1859. From the Author. 

An Arctic Boat Jonrney in the Autumn of 1854. By Isaac I. Hayes, Sur- 
geon of the second Grinnell Expedition. 8vo., Boston, 1860. From the Au- 
thor. 

Der Organismus der Infusionsthiere, von Dr. Friedrich Stein, Ist Abtheilung, 
Leipzig, 1859, 4to. The Conchological Miscellany of Sylvanus Hanley. 4to., 
London, 1858. Illustrations of the recent Conchology of Great Britain and 
Ireland. 4to., London, 1844. From Mrs. Lucy W. Say. 


3th. Saggio di Ditterologia Messicana di Luigi Bellardi Professore di Storia 
Naturale. 4to. parte 1, Torino, 1859. From the Author. 

Annales de La Société Entomologique de France Troisiéme série, Tomes 2d 
to 6th. From the Society. 

Southern Medical and Surgical Journal. Vol. 16, No. 3, March, 1860. From 
the Editors. 

The New York Journal of Medicine. No. 101, March, 1860. From tbe Editors. 

Charleston Medical Journal and Review. Vol. 15, No. 2, March, 1860. From 
the Editor. 

North American Medico-Chirurgical Review. Vol. 4, No. 2, March, 1860. 
From the Editors. 

The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist. Vol. 5, No. 1, February, 1860. 
From the Nat. Hist. Society of Montreal. 

Journal of the Franklin Institute. 3d series, vol. 39, No. 3, March, 1860. 
From Dr. T. B. Wilson, on the usual conditions. 

Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. New series, 
vol. 4, part 3. From the Publication Committee. 

Ceylon. An account of the Island, Physical, Historical, and Topographical, 
&c. By Sir James Emerson Tennent, K.C.8., LL. D., &. 2 vols. 8vo., Lon- 
don, 1860. From Thomas Dunlap, Esq. 

Observations on the Genus Unio, etc. By Isaac Lea, LL. D., &c. Vol. 7th, 
4to., 1860. From the Author. 


20th. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Nat. History. Vol. 7th, 13th 
and 14th signatures, Feb. and March, 1860. From the Society. 

Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York. Vol. 7, Nos. 1 to 3, 
Dec., 1858,—March, 1859. From the Lyceum. 

Canadian Journal of Industry, Science and Art. New series, No. 26, March, 
1860. From the Institute. 

Annual Address on the events of the year, before the Philadelphia County 
Medical Society. By Benjamin H. Coates. 8vo. tract, Philada., 1860. From 
the Author. 

Commerce and the Holy Land.—A Lecture delivered by Wm. F. Lynch, 
U.S.N. 8vo. tract, Philada., 1860. From the Author. 

Essai sur la distribution Géographique, Orthographique et Statisque, des Mol- 
lusques terrestres et fluviatiles vivyants de ce département. Par M. le Dr. de 
Grateloup. 8vo., Bordeaux, 1860. From the Author. 

Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland. Deuxiéme partie. Observations de Zoolo- 


DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. Wie 


gie et d' Anatomie Comparée. 2 vols., 4to., Paris, 1811 and 1833. From Mrs. 
Lucy W. Say. 

The following are from Dr. T. B. Wilson, on the usual condition : 

Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet, von Martini und Chemnitz, 170th Liefe- 
rung. 

Planches colorieés des Oiseaux de la Belgique et de leurs (Zufs, par Ch. F. 
Dubois, 128 Livraison. 

Conchologia Iconica. By Lovell Reeve. Parts 190, 191 and 192. 

Zur Kenntniss der electrischen Organe der Fische von Max. Schaltze, Zweite 
Abtheilung, Halle 1859, 4to. 

Flora Tertiaria Helvetize, Die tertiiire Flora der Schweiz, von Dr. Oswald 
Heer, 7 and 8 Lieferung. 

Monographie des Picides, par Alfred Malherbe, 2d Livraison, 1859, folio. 


April 3d. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie pure et appliquée, par M. F. E. 
Guerin-Meneville, No. 2, 1860. From the Editor. 

On the Geographical Distribution of Gold, with special reference to some 
Auriferous Rocks in South America. By P. Misser, Esq- 8vo. tract, Mel- 
bourne, 1859. From the Author. 

Papers read, and Remarks made, before the Academy of Nat. Sci., in 1859. 
By Isaac Lea, LL. D. 8vo. tract, Philadelphia, 1860, From the Author. 

Personalier opleste ved Hans Majestaet Kong Oscar den Ist Begravelse i 
Kidderholmskirken, ben S8de August, 1859. 8vo, tract.—Tale ved det Norske 
Universitets Mindefest for Kong Oscar, dén 22de September, 1859, Af. J. S. 
Welhaven, Professor. 8vo. Christiania.—Beretning om en Zoologisk Reise 
foretagen i Sommeren, 1857, ved D. C. Danielssen. Christiania, 8vo. tract, 
1859.—Udtog af Norges Riges Histoire af Andreas Fay, Christiania, 1834. 
Das Christiania-Siburbecken, Chemisch-Geognostisch Untersucht, Von Theo- 
dor Kjerulf, 4to. tract, Christiania, 1855.—Uber die Geometrische Reprasen- 
tation der Gleichungen zwischen zwei veranderlichen, reelen oder komplexen 
Gréssen, von C. A. Bjerkness. 4to. tract.—Bemerkninger angaaende Grap- 
tolitherne, af Christian, Boeck. 4to. tract, Christiania, 1851.—Observations 
sur les Phénoménes d’Erosion en Norvége. Par J. C. Hoérbye. 4to. tract, 
1857. Quelques Observations de Morphologie Végétale faites au jardin bo- 
tanique de Christiania, par J. M. Norman. 4to. tract, 1857. Physikalske 
Meddelelser, ved Adam Arndsten. 4to. tract, Christiania, 1858. Norges 
Statistik fremstillet, ved M. Braun Goethe. S8vo. Christiania, 1848.—For- 
handlinger ved de Skandinaviske Naturforskeres, Syvende Méde. Christiania, 
8vo. 1856. From the Royal Norway University, of Christiana. 

Walpers, Annales Botanices Systematices Tome Quinti Fascic. 4. From 
the Author. 

A Monograph of the Fresh Water Polyzoa. By George James Allman, M. 
D., &c. 4to., for the Royal Society, London, 1856. From Mrs. Lucy W. 
Say. 

The Dental Cosmos. New Series, vol. 1, No. 9, April, 1860. From the 
Editors. 

Bericht iiber die erste allgemeine Versamnlung ven Berg-und Hiitten min- 
nern zu Wien (10 bis 15, Mai, 1858). Svo. Wein, 1859, lst Abtheilung. From 
the Association, 

The following are from Dr. T. 3. Wilson on the usual conditions : 

Untersuchungen Uber die hiezkraft der Steinkohlen Sachsens unter aus- 
ficht, von Johann Bernhard Schneider. 4to. Leipzig, 1860. 

Paléontologie Lombarde ou description des fossiles de Lombardie. Par 
L’Abbé Antoine Stoppardi. 9, 10, and 11, Livraisons. 

10th. Untersuchungen iiber die Lichtstarke der Planeten Venus, Mars, Ju- 
piter und Saturn verglichen mit Sternen, und tber die relative weisse ihren 
Oberfichen. Von Ludwig Seidel. 4to. Miinchen, 1859. From the Author. 

Magnetische Untersuchungen in Nord-Deutschland, Belgien, Holland, Dine- 
mark, von Dr. J. Lamont. 4to. Munchen, 1859. From the Author. 

Erinnerung an Mitgleider der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der K. 


vi. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. 


Bayr, Akad. der Wissenschaften. Eine Rede vorgetragen in der Offentlichen 
Sitzung zur Feiér des akademischen Saecularfestes am 24 Mars. 1859, von Dr. 
Carl Freidrich Philipp von Martius. 4to. Mtinchen, 1859. From the Author. 

Almanach der konig-bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften fiir das 
Jahr, 1859.—Monatliche und jahrliche Resultate der an der kénig. Stern- 
warte bei Miinchen, von 1825, bis 1856, angestellten Meteorologischen Beo- 
bachtungen, 3d Supplementband Minchen, 1859. —Gelehrte Anzeigen Banden 
47 und 48.—Abhandlungen der Mathemat. ~Physikalischen Classe der Konig, 
bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 8 Band Zweite Abtheilung Miin- 
chen, 1858. From the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences. 

Untersuchungen uber die richtung und stirke des Erdmagnetismus an ver- 
scheidenen puncten des siidwestlichen Europa im allerhéchsten auftrage seiner 
Majestiit des KoOnigs Maximilian IJ, von Bayern, Ausgefuhrt von Dr. J. La- 
mont. Ato. Miinchen, 1858. From the Royal Observatory. 

Oesterreichische Zeitschrift ftir practische Heilkunde-von-der Medinischen 
Facultat in Wien. Vol. 5, and No. 1, Vol. 6. From the Editors. 

Jahrbuch der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt, 10th Jahr- 
gang, 1859, No. 2, April, May and June, Wien, 1859. From the Geological 
Institute. 

Ansprache gehalten am Schlusse des ersten Decenniums der Kaiserlich-Ko- 
niglichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt in Wien am 22 November, 1859, yor 
Wilhelm Haidinger. Svo. Wien, 1859. From the Author. 

Uber die Wohnsitze der Brachiopoden, von Prof. Edward Suess. S§ro. 
tract, Vienna, 1859. From the Author. 

Die Fossilen Mollusken des Tertizer-Beckens, von Wien von Dr. Morris 
Hornes, 2d Band. 4to. Wien. From the Author. 

Preisschriften gekrént und herausgegeben a der furstlich Jablonowski- 
schen Gesellschaft zu Leipzig. Svo. Leipzig, 1859. From the Society. 

Entomologische Zeitung, Herausgegeben von den entomologischen Vereins 
zu Stettin, Zwanzigster Jahrgang. “From the Society. 

Archiv des Vereins der freunde der Naturgeschichte in Meklenburg, 13 Jahr. 
1859. From the Society. 

Zeitschrift der Deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft, 11 Band, 2 Heft, Berlin, 
1859. From the Society. 

Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, von Dr. F. H. Troschel, 25 Jahrgang 3 and 4 
Heft, 1859. From the Editor. 

Wurttembergische Naturwissenschaftliche Jahreshefte Sechsehnter Jahr- 
gang, Erstes Heft. Stuttgart, 1860. From the Society. 

Correspondenzblatt des Naturforschenden Vereins zu Riga Zehnter Jahr- 
gang. From the Society. 

Neues Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefakten- 
Kunde-von K. C. von Leonhard und H. G. “Bronn Jahr. 1859, Heftes 5, 6, und 
7. From the Editors. 

Mittheilungen aus dem Osterlande vierzehnter Band, drittes und viertes 
Heft. 1859, Altenberg. From the Society. 

Abhandlungen der koéniglichen bimischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften 
Funfter Folge, Zehnter Band von dem Jahren, 1857—1859. Prag, 1859. 
From the Society. 

Sitzungsberichte der kénigl, bohmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften 
in Prag, 1859, Jan. to Juni. From the Society. 

Systematisches Verzeichniss der boéhmischen Trilobiten. Sammlung des 
Herrn Landesprilaten, Dr. H. J. Ziedler, in Prag, von Dr. Wilh Rud. Weiten- 
weber. ‘Svo. tract, Prag. 1857. From the Author. 


17th. Actes de L’Académie Impériale des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts 
de Bordeaux, 21st An. 1859, 2d Trimes. From the Academy. 

Bulletin de La Société Linnéenne de Normande, vol. 4, An. 1858-59. From 
the Society. 

Memoires de La Société Académique de Maine et Loire, 5th and 6th yols., 
1859. From the Society. 


DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. Vii. 


Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, with illustrations. 1857, 
1858, and parts 1 and 2 for 1859. From the Society. 

Dental Anomalies, and their influence upon the production of Diseases of 
the Intermaxillary Bones. By Am. Forget, M. D. From the French. Phila- 
delphia, 1859, 8vo. pamphlet. From Jones & White. 

Memoir of the late Thomas Nuttall. By Elias Durand. Philada., 1860, 
8vo. tract. From the Author. 

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 10th, No. 37. From the 
Society. 

The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society. No. 60,* Vol. 15, part 5, 
and No. 61, Vol. 16, part 1. From the Society. 

Twenty-fourth Annual Report of the Executive Committee of the Young 
Men’s Association of the City of Buffalo. S8vo. tract, Buffalo, 1860. From the 
Association. 

The New York Journal of Medicine. No. 100, January, 1860. From the 
Editors. 

Report of the Secretary of War, accompanying the President’s Message at 
the First Session of the 35th Congress. From Major Wayne, U. 5. A. 

A Practical Treatise on the Honey Bee and Hive. By L. L. Langstroth. 
3d Edition, 8vo. New York, 1860. From the Author. 

Charleston Medical Journal and Review. 14 vols. From 8. Weir Mitchell, M. D. 

Journal of the Franklin Institute. 3d series, vol. 39, No. 4, April, 1860. 
From Dr. T. B. Wilson, on the usual condition. 


May 1st. The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist. Vol. 5, No. 2. April, 
1860. From the Montreal Nat. Hist. Society. 

On the Silurian and Devonian Rocks of Nova Scotia. By J. W. Dawson. 
8vo. tract. On the Vegetable Structures in Coal. By J. W. Dawson. 8vo. 
tract. From the Author. 

Notes on the Aurora of the 28th August, 1859, as observed at Lunenburg, 
Mass. By Prof. Wm. B. Rogers. 8vo. tract. From the Author. 

Annals of Science, &c. Cleveland, Ohio, Nos. 23 and 24, Nov. Ist and 15th, 
1853. From Horatio C. Wood, Jr. 

Volume of tracts and pamphlets on Agricultural Chemistry and allied sub- 
jects. By J. B. Lowes and J. H.Gilbert. From the Author, through Dr. Evan 
Pugh. 

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie pure et Appliquée, No. 3, 1860. From the 
Editor, M. Guerin-Méneville. 

Proceedings of the General Meeting of the Medical Profession, in relation to 
the deaths of Dr. Charles Frick, and Dr. Berwick B. Smith. 8vo. tract. From 
Lewis H. Steiner, M. D. 

Southern Medical and Surgical Journal. Vol. 16, No. 4, April, 1860. From 
the Editors. 

Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. 
Thirteenth Meeting, held at Springfield, Mass., Aug., 1859. From the Asso- 
ciation. 

Catalogue and Alphabetical Index of the Astor Library. In two parts. Part 
2d, Authors and Books, M. to P. New York, 1859, 8vo. From the Trustees 
of the Astor Library. 

The following are from Dr. T. B. Wilson, on the usual condition : 

Miquel Flora Indiz Batave. Vol. 1, part 2, Fasc. 4, and Vol. 3, Fase. 4. 

Legons sur La Physiologie et L’Anatomie Comparée de L’Homme et des 
Animaux. Par H. Milne Edwards. Tome 5, Partie 2d. Paris, 1859, 8vo. 

Bryologia Javanica. Fasciculus 20. 

Conchologia Iconica. By Lovell Reeve. Part 193. 

Planches Colorieés des Oiseaux de Le Belgique et de leurs Gufs, par Ch. F. 
Dubois. 129 and 130, Livraison. 

Darstellung und Beschreibung simmtlicher in der Pharmacopeia Borussica 
aufgefiihrten Officinellen Gewichse, von Dr. 0, C. Berg und C. F. Schmidt. 
Zweiter Band, 4to. Leipzig, 1859. 

Monographie des Picides. Par Alfred Malherbe, 3d Livraison. 


Vill. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY. 


8th. Additions to the Flora of Wisconsin. By T. J. Hall. 8vo. tract, 
1560. From the Author. 

The San Francisco Medical Press. Vol. 1, No. 2, 1860. From the Editor. 

The Dental Cosmos. Vol. Ist, No. 10, May, 1860. From the Editors. 

American Journal of Pharmacy. 3d series, No. 3, vol. 8, May, 1860. From 
the Editor. 

The American Journal of Science and Arts. Vol. 29th, 2d series, No. 87, 
May, 1860. From the Editors. 

The North American Medico-Chirurgical Review. Vol. 4th, No. 3, May, 
1860. From the Editors. 

Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal. Vol. 11th, No. 2, April, 1860. From 
the Editors. 

The Natural History Review. Vol. 3, No. 12, Oct., 1856; Vol. 6, Nos. 1 to 
4, incl., 1859. Proceedings of the Dublin University Zoological and Botani- 
cal Association. Vol. 1, 1859. From the Dublin University Zoological and 
Botanical Association. 

Journal of the Geological Society of Dublin. Vol. 8, part 2, 1859. From 
the Society. 

Annual Report of the Superintendent of the Geological Survey of India, 
Caleutta, 1858-59. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India. Vol. 1, part 
3. Calcutta, 1859. From the Governor and Council of India. 

The following are from Dr. T. B. Wilson, on the usual condition : 

Bulletin mensuel de La Sociéte Impériale Zoologique d’Acclimatation. Tome 
6, Nos. 1 to 8, and 10 to 12, 1859, Tome 7th, Nos. 2 and 3, 1860. 

Conchologia Iconica, by Lovell Reeve. Part 194. 

Tresor de Livres Rares et Précieux ou Noveau Dictionnaire Bibliographique, 
par John George Theodore Gaesse, Tome 2d, Livraison 2, 1860. 

Neue Untersuchungen tiber den Bau des Riickenmarks, von Dr. B. Stilling, 
Funfte Lieferung.—Atlas Mikroskopisch Anatomischer Abbildungen zu den 
neuen Untersuchungen iiber den Bau des Riickenmarks, von Dr. B. Stilling. 
Vierte Lieferung Cassel, 1859. 


15th. Eighth Supplement to Dana’s Mineralogy. By Geo. J. Brush. 8yo. 
tract, 1860. From the Author. 

Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandisch Indié uitgeven door de Natu- 
urkundige Vereniging in Nederlandsch Indié Derde serie Deel 3, Aflevering, 5 
and 6. From the Society. 

The California Farmer. Seven numbers, from Feb. 22d, 1860, to April 20th, 
1860, From the Editors. 

Southern Medical and Surgical Journal. Vol, 16, No. 5, May, 1860. From 
the Editors. 

The New York Journal of Medicine. No. 102, May, 1860. From the Edi- 
tors. 

The New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal. Vol. 17th, No. 3, May, 
1860. From the Editors. 

Journal of the Franklin Institute. 3d series, vol. 39, May, 1860, No. 5. 
From Dr. T. B. Wilson on the usual condition. 

Karte des San Juan-od-Haro-Arehipels, Nach den Aufnahmen der Engl. 
Admiralitat unter Kellett, Richards, &c., 1847, 1858, and 1859. Von. A. 
Peterman. From Dr. Peterman. 

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. Nos. 67 and 68, new series, 
Jan. and April, 1860. From the Editors. 

Biographical Notice of Henry Bond, M. D., read before the College of Physi- 
cians of Philadelphia, April Ist, 1860. From the Author, Dr. Condie. 


22nd. Sitzungs Berichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 
Mathemat.—Naturwissen. Classe, 1858, Band 33, Nos. 27-29, 1858, Band 34, 
35, 36, and 37. Nos. 1 to 20. Register zu den Banden 21, bis 30, der Sitzungs- 
berichte der Mathemat. Naturwissen. Classe der K. Acad. der Wissenschaften, 
3d part. Almanach der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Neunter 


PROC.ACAD. NAT. SCI. 


W.M.Gabt del 


— 


PROC.ACAD. NAT. SCT. 


W. M.Gabb del. 


Pil 


Proc. Acad .Nat Sei. Phil? Pl. 4 


T. Sinclair's lith, Phil® 


1. Asolanus Camptotainia, Wood. 4 lepidostrobus Stachyordes, Wood. 
2 A Manephlaeus, Wood, 3. Srgdlarcva. Solenotus, Wood. 
3. Solenoula Pstlophlacus, Wood. 6 Asolanus Ornithicnotdes. Wood 


Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phil® 


Sinclain’s ith, Phil® 


a 


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Mekistor, 


Z. 
4 LI. Lesquereurt, 


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Wood. 
Lepidophlotos Icthyoleprs 


ei, 


Venustun 


Wood. 


, 


Ss: 


‘ 
' 
. 
! cs i 
' 
j * 
> 
4 


Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil? 


lith . Phul® 


T. Sanclair’s 
Nood. 


L. Drepanaspis. 


4 L Magnum. Wood. 


2 
~ 


1 Lepidodendron Dikrocheilos. Wood. 


Wood. 


3 LI. Bordae. 


Proc ANS. Philada.1860. Plate 7 


ASTROSCOPUS GUTTATUS (ABBOTT.) 


O Koehler del Lith. Bowen & Co. Phila 


Proc. A. N.S Philada. L860 


Plate 8 


1. Nomaretus unpertectus 
2 Cytys nitidus 


3. Euryoptera sanguaracollis 


4. Arhopalus Wilsoniw 


5. Leptura aurata 


Oo is nitidicolis 


7. Aegilopsis cuverea 


4 
2 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF THE 


BIOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT 


OF THE 


ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 
OF PHILADELPHIA. 


1860. 


Reported by Watrer F. Arirxr, Recorder. 


Dr. JosepH Letpy, Director. 


January. 


J.—P atuHo.oey. 


Dr. J.J. Woodward read a paper entitled, ‘Remarks on Errors in the 
Anatomical Diagnosis of Cancer.”* 


IJ.—Cuemistry anp ToxicoLoey. 


1. Dr. Mitchell stated that lately in examining, in conjunction with 
Dr. Hammond, the chemistry of corroval and vao, they had succeeded in 
obtaining, in a crystalline form, corrovaline. It is formed by evaporation, 
from the solution in chloroform; one grain of corrovaline thus prepared 
was dissolved in one hundred grains of water, and one drop from the 
solution was sufficient to killa mouse. The same quantity, in ten minutes, 
killed a frog. 

2. Mr. Powel stated that when very young, in the laboratory of his 
uncle, Dr. Robert Hare, he had witnessed some very extraordinary 
poisonous qualities exhibited by the residue of the sweet oil of wine, dis- 
tilled with some turpentine. The smell of this was sufficient to produce 


dizziness aud lethargic symptoms. 


*See American Journal of the Medical Sciences, for April, 1860. 


1! 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [ Biolog’ 


ts 


February. 


I.—ANatTomy. 


Dr. Schmidt read the following paper upon a “ Method of Parnting 
morst Anatomical Preparations.” 


Method of Painting Moist Anatomical Preparations. 


BY H. D. SCHMIDT, M. D. 


{tis more due to neglect than any other motive, that I have not pub- 
lished, before this, the useful process of painting anatomical preparations, 
intended to be suspended in alcohol. The latter, as is known to every 
anatomist, affects the color of the different components of an organ, and 
thus renders them almost alike in appearance. This is a great disadvan- 
tage, as the object of such a preparation, is to show the relationship of 
the various parts of an organ, or that of different organs themselves. 
lor instance, if the larger bloodvessels and ducts of a liver or kidney, &c., 
are injected and carefully dissected out, to exhibit their relative course, 
such a preparation will be of comparatively little value, if these vessels 
can not be readily distinguished from each other. This can only be ac- 
complished by painting them with different colors. In dried preparations, 
this is easily done by coloring with oil-paint, commonly used by artists. 
But as the tissues of such preparations lose entirely their form by shrink- 
ing, they are rendered to a great extent unfit for study. Itis different 
however, in the case of preparations intended to be preserved in a moist 
condition by suspension in alcohol. Here, the anatomist often becomes 
discouraged, when he finds his best dissections losing in appearance 
by the injurious action of the alcohol on the color of the tissues. To 
counterbalance this disadvantage, I have used a vehicle, which, while it 
unites with the tissues and thus adheres to them, is not affected injurious- 
ly by the action of the alcohol, but on the contrary, rendered only more 
firm. The process is so simple, that it seems rather strange not to have 
been resorted to long ago. The principle used asa vehicle, is albumen, in 
the form of the white of egg ; and this is almost the only substance which 
will unite with the tissues, (as a great part of the latter consists of it,) 
without being injuriously affected by the alcohol. The colors used, of 
course must be mineral, and thoroughly ground with the albumen, on a 
plate of glass. After the preparation is painted, it is put into strong 
alcohol, which, to coagulate the albumen still more firmly, may be warmed. 
Not only the blood-vessels, ducts and nerves, may thus be beautifully 
colored, but with some artistical skill the color of the parenchyma of the 
organ may also be nicely imitated. 

in the Anatomical Museum of the University of Pennsylvania, a liver 
with the blood-vessels and ducts carefully dissected, and painted with 
different colors by the above described process, can be seen suspended in 
alcohol. Likewise a kidney and a spleen; the color of the fresh 
parenchyma of the former is also imitated. These preparations I made 
three years ago, and up to the present time not the slightest change in 
the colors can be perceived; although they have often been carried to 
and from the lecture room. Another preparation, exhibiting the smaller 
muscles of the larynx, which are painted red, can also be seen. Intricate 
dissections of various regions can be made, the muscles, vessels, nerves, 
&c., colored, and their form preserved by the suspension in alcohol. 


[Feb. 


> 


Dept.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 3 


In connection with this subject, Dr. Leidy stated that he is in the habit 
of suspending injected preparations in turpentine, by which liquid the 
tissues are rendered translucent. The jars in which they are thus sus- 
pended, are hermetically sealed by means of a piece of hog’s bladder. well 
soaked and dipped in a cement of gum arabic, acetic acid and sugar In 
order to suspend the preparation, a piece of whalebone or a bar of metal 
should be used; wood is too porous. Thus arranged the turpentine 
remains perfectly limpid. 

Dr, Leidy added, that in these preparations. some change must take 
place in the air over the turpentine, for the bladder covering the jar 
bellies down, becoming concave. To give therefore a neater appearance 
to the preparation, he is in the habit of applying a second piece of blad- 
der, prepared as the other; in which a small orifice is made with a pin. 
which prevents its retraction into the neck of the jar. 

Mr. Slack stated that in England, glycerin was extensively used for 
mounting preparations, the high price of alcohol in that country prevent- 
ing its general use for such a purpose. 


1L.—P arnoioey. 


Dr. Leidy exhibited a portion of the stomach of a horse recently dead, 
which contained a number of spheroidal tumors, about an inch in diame- 
ter, The tumors contained a number of nematoid worms (Spzroptera me- 
gastoma) still alive. 

Dr. Darrach, who had examined the structure of these tumors, had 
found their walls to be principally fibrous tissue, containing a puraloid 
matter filled with fine granules, which were the eggs of the worm. ‘These 
tumors possessed orifices communicating with the stomach. 

This horse was said to have died from rupture of the diaphragm 
caused by great distension of the intestines, in consequence of a large, 
meal of Indian Corn. This rupture was situated in the muscular portion 
of the diaphragm, and was about six inches in length, 


TI1.—Terrato.oey. 


Dr. Morris related a case of arrest of development in the hand of a 
young man with whom he is acquainted. This arrest is in two of his 
fingers. This condition of things is attributed by Dr. Morris to the 
action of filaments thrown around the fingers, and checking their growth. 
probably about the third or fourth month of intra-uterine life. These 
filaments or ligatures were assigned first by Dr. Montgomery as a cause 
of this phenomenon. 

Dr. Mitchell while acknowledging, as a general rule, the justice of the 
reason assigned by Dr. Morris, for these arrests of development, declared 
that it could not explain those cases where for a series of generations the 
same deformity exists. 

The mother of the person alluded to here, attributed the condition of 
her son’s hand to her having witnessed the amputation by a surgeon of 
the same fingers while pregnant. 


April. 
Dr. Mitchell read the following paper on Corroval and Vao. 


1860. 


4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [ Biolog. 


Qn the Physical and Chemical characteristics of Corroval and Vao, two recently 


discovered varieties of Woorara, and on a new Alkaloid constituting their 
active principle. 


BY WILLIAM A. HAMMOND, M. D. 
Assistant Surgeon U. 8. Army, and 
S. WEIR MITCHELL, M. D. 


Lecturer on Physiology in the Philadelphia Medical Association. 


The two new varieties of woorara, which, so far as relates to their 
physical and chemical characteristics, we design considering at present. 
were brought in February, 1857, from the Rio Darien, in New Granada, 
by Drs. Ruschenberger and Caldwell of the United States Navy. By 
these gentlemen they were presented to Prof. Joseph Carson, of the 
University of Pennsylvania, to whom we must express our acknowledg- 
ments for the opportunity afforded us of analyzing and experimenting 
with these curious poisons. 

The corroval, the more powerful of the two, has the general appearance 
of a vegetable extract of a brownish black color. The fracture is some- 
what conchoidal, but some of the fragments in our possession have a sur- 
face such as would be given to the superficies of an inspissated vegetable 
infusion on cooling. When pulverized, itis of a tawny yellow appearance. 
Its taste is an intense and very persistent bitter. The saturated aqueous 
infusion is of a very dark brown, almost black color, and of neutral or 
exceedingly slight acid reaction. The alcoholic tincture is of a pale 
yellow tint. Both water and alcohol extract the poisonous principle, as 
do also ether and chloroform, though to a very diminished extent. Ne 
crystals are deposited from either of these solutions, except from the 
ethereal. They consist entirely of fatty substances. 

The residue, insolublein water, submitted to microscopical examination. 
is seen to consist of vegetable cells, starch granules, portions of woody 
tissues, oil globules, &c.; small grains of silica are also to be observed. 
No parts of animals of any kind can be discovered by most careful ex- 
amination with object-glasses of high power and excellent defining quality. 
Tf the fangs of poisonous serpents, the livers and other parts of the body 
were used in the manufacture of corroval, we should undoubtedly have 
detected their anatomical elements. We therefore regard it as certain 
that such substances do not enter into the composition of the material 
under consideration. 

Corroval burns with a yellow flame, and gives off a considerable amount 
of smoke and vapor. This latter has an odor very similar to that of 
human excrement, and, as we have ascertained, possesses all the poisonous 
activity of the corroval in substance. A mouse made to inhale the fumes 
died in less than two minutes. Corroval heated upon platinum foil, in 
the flame of the blow-pipe, is almost entirely volatilized. The ash con- 
sists of silica, iron, and certain saline substances. 

In external characteristics vao cannot be distinguished from corroval. 
That in our possession is a dark brown extract, hard, and perfectly 


dry, and unaffected by exposure to the atmosphere. It yields its toxic - 


principle to water and alcohol, the infusions being of similar physical 
‘qualities and reaction with those of corroval. The insoluble portion 


[April, 


———— 


— 


Dept.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 5 


consists of a white or light gray deposit of a shred-like and flocculent 
appearance. Examined under the microscope this is seen to be princi- 
pally composed of amorphous matter with which, however, starch granules 
ané cells of vegetable origin, together with masses of woody tissue and 
fragments of silica are mingled. No animal structures are to be detected 
on the most minute examination. 

Vao subjected to the action of heat acts in a manner not distinguish- 
able from that of corroval, giving off a vapor with similar odor and other 
properties to that derived from the latter substance. 

Woorara, of which corroval and vao may with propriety be considered 
as constituting species, has been analyzed by Roulin and Boussingault,* 
Pelletier and Petroz? and Heintz.{ 

Roulin and Boussingault experimented with woorara which had been 
obtained from the Rio Negro. It was a solid extract of a black color, 
but brown when reduced to powder, of a resinous appearance, and ex- 
ceedingly bitter taste. It burned with difficulty, and gave off no odor of 
organic nitrogenous substances. It was soluble in water, alcohol and in 
sulphuric ether, though not to any considerable extent. The aqueous 
infusion was of slight acid reaction; no strychnine was discovered by 
these chemists in woorara. 

We may here state that two specimens of ordinary woorara, which we 
owe to the kindness of Major LeConte, of Philadelphia, and Prof. J. ©. 
Dalton, of New York, agree in all essential particulars with that above 
described. 

By the following process, Roulin and Boussingault obtained from 
woorara a new principle of an alkaloidal character, which they called 
eurarin. 

The woorara was reduced to fine powder and treated repeatedly with 
boiling alcohol. The extract thus obtained was evaporated, and the 
solid residue treated with water, which dissolved the active principle, 
leaving nothing but a little resinous matter. The aqueous solution was 
then decolorized by animal charcoal, and treated with infusion of galls. 
A beautiful whitish-yellow, flaky precipitate was then thrown down, having 
an exceedingly bitter taste. The supernatant liquid was almost entirely 
deprived of its bitterness; the precipitate thus obtained was well washed, 
heated to ebullition in water, and dissolved by the addition of oxalic acid. 
The acid liquor was then supersaturated by magnesia and filtered. It 
was again evaporated to dryness, and the residue dissolved in alcohol. 
This solution was concentrated and spontaneously evaporated to a syrupy 
consistence. It was subsequently further concertrated by evaporation 77 
vacuo. : 

The analysis of Pelletier and Petroz yielded a similar product. ‘These 
chemists extracted the woorara with alcohol. and treated the tincture thus 
obtained with ether, in order to remove the fatty and resinous substances 
present. The alcoholic extract was then evaporated, dissolved in water, 
and foreign matters precipitated from the solution by the acetate of lead, 
the excess of lead being removed by sulphuretted hydrogen. The solution 
was then decolorized by animal charcoal, filtered and evaporated ; sul- 


* Examen Chimique du Curare, Poison des Indiens de |]‘Orinoque, Annales de Chimie 
et de Physique, Tome xxxix, 1828, p. 24. 


+ Examen Chimique de Curare, Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Tome xi, 1829, 
p. 213. 
t Reisen in British Guiana, Von Richard Schomburgk, Bandi, 8. 452, (note). 


1860.] 


6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [ Biolog. 


phuric acid diluted with absolute alcohol was then added for the purpose 
of draining off the acetic acid. The alcohol was removed by evaporation, 
and the sulphuric acid precipitated by baryta. The excess of the latter 
was separated by carbonic acid, the liquid was next filtered and concen- 
trated in the water bath, and the curarin thus obtained further dried 7 
vacuo. 

Obtained by either of these processes, curarin is a solid transparent 
resinoid substance, of a pale yellow color, very hygroscopic and soluble 
to almost any extent in water and alcohol. Its taste is exceedingly 
bitter. The solution in water restores the blue color to reddened litmus 
paper, neutralizes acids, and forms salts with them, easily soluble in water, 
but uncrystallizable. 

Curarin gives with concentrated nitric acid, a blood red color, and 
with concentrated sulphuric acid a carmine tint. 

Heintz proceeded as follows :—To the aqueous solution of the woorara, 
tannic acid was added, and an abundant precipitate soluble in boiling 
water was obtained. This was taken from the filter, boiled with magne- 
sia, and then evaporated to dryness. The extract thus obtained was 
then treated with alcohol, to remove it from any insoluble salts of magne- 
sia, and the solution again evaporated to dryness. By this means a yel- 
lowish brown extract was obtained, possessing no alkaline reaction, but 
endowed in a eminent degree with the toxic principle of the woorara. 
Heintz does not regard this extract as at all pure ; subsequently he em- 
ployed both the bichlorides of mercury and platinum, to effect the pre- 
cipitation, but with no better success, a yellowish extract being still ob- 
tained. 

Heintz ascertained by Lassaigne’s method that the extract contamed 
nitrogen ; he also found sugar, gum, resin, extractive matter and tannic 
and gallic acids ; traces of saline combinations with organic acids, probably 
the tartaric and oxalic were also detected. He was wnable to discern 
the least trace of strychnia. 

We think it highly probable, that the woorara examined by Heintz 
was very far from being of identical character with that analysed by 
Roulin and Boussingault and Pelletier and Petroz. The difference in 
the process employed is not sufficient to account for the very dissimilar 
product obtained by Heintz. His method was certainly such as to have 
separated any alkaloidal principle present. The substance he did obtain 
was probably nothing but a purified and more highly concentrated 
woorara, deprived of its woody fibre, starch, silica, &c. 

We now proceed to detail the several steps in a qualitative analysis. 
made of the corroval and vao. 

A few grains of corroval were subjected to the action of ether. From 
the solution thus obtained, oil-globules were deposited on evapora- 
tion, together with a number of minute acicular crystals, insoluble in 
water, but completely dissolved by hot alcohol and ether. Globular masses 
of a supposed resin were also present. 

To another portion, water was added till it was completely extracted 
of all its bitter principle. The residue was perceived to contain several 
masses apparently of a fatty character. On subjecting this substance to 
the action of hot ether, it was entirely dissolved, and on evaporating the 
solution from a slip of glass, and viewing the residue with the microscope, 
numerous delicate acicular crystals collected in groups and radiatmg 
from a central nucleus were perceived. These were soluble in hot alcohol. 
The remaining portion was in the form of oil-globules. 


(April, 


i 


Dept.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 


After thus separating the fatty substances as above, the portion in- 
soluble in water was placed in a small retort with a little water; a 
receiver surrounded with ice was luted to the retort. and heat applied to 
the latter. On the surface of the distillate a small portion of essential 
oil floaied. This had an odor somewhat resembling that of mustard, but 
much less pungent. 

The substance remaining in the retort was next dried at a low tempera- 
ture, and subjected to the action of alcohol. A yellowish-brown solution 
resulted, from which, on evaporation, a .resinoid substance was ob- 
tained, having an odor very similar to that of a true essential oil. 

The residue was next calcined in aplatinum crucible. By this process 
the woody fibre, &c., was consumed, hydrochloric acid was added to the ash, 
andthe silica thus separated. To a portion of this solution in hydrochlo- 
ric acid diluted with water, ferrocyanide of potassium was added, and 
distinct evidence of the presence of iron obtained. Another portion 
treated with bichloride of platinum gave after a lapse of several hours 
a reddish crystalline precipitate, indicating the presence of soda. 

We were prevented by an accident continuing the analysis of the above 
portion. ; 

The aqueous solution was found by the addition of gelatin in excess, to 
yield a flaky, yellowish white precipitate of tannate of gelatine. It was 
filtered, and to the filtrate perchloride of iron added. A black precipi- 
tate of gallate of iron was thrown down. 

From the foregoing analysis we conceive that we have ascertained the 
existencee in corroval, besides, the active principle, of the following sub- 
stances :—Olein, Margarin, Essential Oil, Resin, Starch, Silica, Iron, 
Soda, Woody Fibre, Tannic Acid, Gallic Acid. 

The small quantity of corroval in our possession, prevented us from ex- 
tending our analysis further in this direction, and for the same reason we 
are the less disposed to insist upon the absolute accuracy in all its steps of 
the foregoing investigation. Several of the above named substances were 
detected by the microscope alone, and this instrument was constantly 
employed throughout the whole analysis. 

In the separation of the active principle of the corroval, we made use 
of the following processes : 

Ist. Ten grains of the substance were extracted by repeated portions 
of boiling water, till a bitter taste was no longer afforded. The solutions 
were now mixed and boiled with magnesia. It was next filtered, and 
the filtrate filtered repeatedly through animal charcoal, till all the bitter- 
ness and coloring matter were entirely absorbed. The charcoal was then 
treated with boiling alcohol in fresh portions till all bitterness was ex- 
tracted from it. The alcohol was then evaporated to dryness. By this 
means a very bitter substance of a greenish white color was obtained, 
possessed in a high degree of the toxic properties of the corroval. 

2d. The process employed in this instance was that first used by Roulin 
and Boussingault, but modified by employing water to extract with, 
instead of alcohol. 

Ten grains of the corroval were reduced to fine powder and extracted 
with water, as in the first described process. 'l'o the solution, tannic acid 
was added in excess, a voluminous flaky precipitate of a yellowish-white 
color was thrown down. This was well washed on a filter to remove the 
tannic acid, mixed with water and heated to boiling, a few crystals of 
oxalic acid being added till it was entirely dissolved. The acid liquor 
was next treated with magnesia, in excess, and filtered. The filtrate was 


1860.) 


8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Biolog. 


evaporated to dryness, and the extract thus obtained, dissolved in hot 
alcohol. This solution, evaporated to dryness, furnished a substance 
similar to that obtained by the first process, but more highly colored. 

For the principle thus obtained, possessing as it does the properties of 
an alkaloid, and in a high degree the toxic properties of the corroval, we 
propose, in accordance with the principles of the United States Pharma- 
copeeia, the name of corrovalia. 

Corrovalia* is, when pure a greenish-white substance, of low specific 
gravity, and, upon the whole, similar to tannic acid in general appear- 
ance. It is soluble in alcohol, ether and chloroform, and, contrary to the 
statement in our original memoirs, to a slight extent in water. Heated 
upon platinum foil, in the flame of a spirit-lamp, it is entirely volatilized. 
With concentrated nitric acid it gives an emerald green color, which 
deepens in tint if a small piece of bichlorate of potassa be added. 
With sulphuric acid. a reddish-brown color is formed, which, with the 
further addition of bichromate of potassa, changes in a few minutes toa 
deep olive green ; with ammonia it gives a deep yellow color, but no pre- 
cipitate ; with potassa in solution, the result is much the same ; with 
tannic acid, it gave a white precipitate. 

With iodide of potassium in solution, corrovalia yielded no precipitate 
or change of tint, nor did it give rise to any reaction in the presence of 
bichloride of platinum. 

Corrovalia is uncrystallizable from all its solutions, except from that 
in chloroform. A drop of the chloroformic solution evaporated to dry- 
ness ona slip of glass, and subjected to microscopic examination, exhibits 
numerous acicular crystals, mostly collected in groups, and radiating 
from common centres. 

Corrovalia neutralizes the sulphuric chlorhydric and acetic acids, and 
in all probability others, the quantity in our possession being too small 
for us to investigate its properties further in this direction. The saits 
formed with the above mentioned acids, as far as we have been able to 
ascertain, are uncrystallizable. 

Introduced into the blood, corrovalia exerts a toxic power, equalled by 
few if any substances hitherto known to man. A grain was dissolved 
in one hundred minims of water. One minim of this solution killed a 
small~mouse in five minutes, when inserted under the skin, and five 
minims in four and a half minutes produced the same result in a medium 
sized rabbit. With frogs it is especially active. 

The amount of alkaloid obtained by us from corroval ; amounted to 

about ten per cent.; from vao, the proportion did not exceed four or five 
per cent. 
Vao is therefore much weaker than corroval, its physiological action 
is very similar to the latter substance. The amount of resin contained in 
it is considerably greater than that found in the corroval, as is also the 
woody fibre. For the physiological effects produced by these new and 
curious poisons, we must refer to the memoir to which we have already 
alluded. 

Owing to the small quantity of these substances in our possessiou, we 
have been unable to make an ultimate analysis of them, and consequent- 
ly cannot at present give formulas of their composition. In other respects | 
we have from the same cause been unable to carry our investigations as 


*Experimental researches relative to Corroval and Vao, &c., American Journal of the 
Medical Sciences, No. Ixxv, N.S., July, 1859. 
[ April, 


INDEX. 


Abbott, Charles C., Descriptions of 
new species. of American Freshwater 
Fishes, 325; Description of a new 
species of Astroscopus, Brev., in the 
Museum of A. N. S.; Description of 
a new species of Chatoéssus, Cuv., 
from New Jersey, 362, 365; Descrip- 
tions of new species of Apodal Fishes 
in Mus. A, N.S.; Descriptions of four 
new species of North American Cypri- 
nid ; Description of a new species of 
Exocetus from Chili, 416, 472, 473, 
475; Descriptions of two new species 
of Pimelodus from Kansas, 547, 568 ; 
don. to mus. i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vil. 

Academy, Chicago, of Sciences, don. 
to lib. iii. 

Academy, C. L. C. Germanice Nature 
Curiosorum, don. to lib. xii. 

Academy, Impériale, des Sciences, &c., 
Bordeaux, don. to lib. vi. xii. xvii. 
xix. 

Academy, Impériale, des Sciences, &c., 
Dijon, don. to lib, ix. 

Academy, Impériale, des Sciences, &c., 
de Lyon, don. to lib. xix. 

Academy, Impériale, des Sciences de 
St. Petersbourg, don. to lib. xii. xviii. 

Academy Kaiserlichen der Wissen- 
schaften, Wien, don. to lib. viii. ix. 
xii. xviii. 

Academy Kongliga Svenska, Stock- 
holm, don. to lib. ix. 

Academy Konig. Preuss. der Wissen. 
zu Berlin, don. to lib. xii. 

Academy Konink. Van Wetenschappen, 
Amsterdam, don. to lib. ix. 

Academy Real das Sciences, Lisbon, 
don. to lib. xx. xxi. 

Academy, Royal Bavarian, of Sciences, 
don. to lib. vi. 

Academy, Royal Irish, don. to lib. iii. 


1860.] 


Academy, Royale, des Sciences, &c., de 
Belgique, don. to lib. xiv. xviii. 

Academy Sciences et Lettres, de Mont- 
pelier, don. to lib. xix. 

Academy Science of St. Louis, don. 
to lib. xvi. 

Anthony, J. G., Description of new 
species of American Fluviatile Gas- 
teropods, 49, 55. 

Ashmead, Samuel, don. to mus. v. 

Association, American, for the Ad- 
vancement of Science, don. to lib. 
Vii. 

Association Berg und Hutten, Wien, 
don. to lib. v. 

Association, Dublin University, Zoolo- 
gical and Botanical, don, to lib. viii. 

Association, Mercantile Library, New 
York, don. to lib. xiii. 

Association, Young Men’s, of Buffalo, 
don. to lib, vii. 

Association, Young Men’s Mercantile 

‘ Library, Cincinnati, don. to lib. iii. 

Astor Library, Trustees of, don. to lib. 
Vii. 


Baird, Matthew, don. to mus. iv. 
Barrande, M. Joachim, don. to lib. xv. 
Barris, J. N. H., exchange of Pnblica- 
tions for Fessils with, 150; don. to 
mus. iil. 
Bellardi, Luigi, don. to lib. iv. 
Beneden, J. P. von., don. te lib. xili. 
Bennett, D. R., don. to mus. i. 
Bernardi, A. C., don. to lib. xviii. 
Binney, Wm. G., Remarks on a species 
of Leda, and on Geographical dis- 
tribution of Shells, 49; Notes on 
American Land Shells, No. 6; and 
Descriptions of new species of Pal- 
monata, 146, 150, 154; don. to mus. 
i. iii. v.; don. to lik. xv. 


iv. INDEX. 


Biological Department, Report of, for 
Dec., 1859, 1; for June, 1860, 4; for 
Feb. 54; for April, 150. 

Blanchard, Capt. Miles, don. to mus. iii. 

Bowen, E., Coal Plants of, presented to 
the Academy by Members, i. 

Brazier, A. J., don. to lib. xi. 

Breed, Rev. Wm. P., don. to mus. v. 

Bridges, Dr. Robert, don. to mus. i. 

Bronn, Dr. H.G., don. to lib. xiii. xviii. 

Browne, Mrs. P. A., Thanks of the 
Academy presented to, &., 415 ; don. 
to mus. v. 

Browne, Peter A., announcement of 
death of, 2. 

Brush, George J., don. to lib. viii. 

Buckley, S. B., The Cutting Ant of 
Texas, 199, 233; The Stinging or 
Mound Ant of Texas, 416, 445; De- 
scriptions of several new species of 
Plants, 417, 443. 


Cadwallader, C. C., don. to Mus. vi. 

Campbell, Henry F.M. D., don. to lib. x. 

Canada, Geological Survey of, don. to 
lib. xvi. 

Carothers, A. E., don. to mus. vi. 

Carpenter, George W., death of, an- 
nounced, 201, 

Carson, Dr. Joseph, Remarks of on 
death of Dr. Edward Hallowell, 81. 
Cassin, John, Remarks on the presenta- 
tion to the Academy of Dr. Thomas 
B. Wilson’s collection of Birds, 86; 
Catalogue of Birds collected during 
a survey of a route for a ship canal 
across the Isthmus of Darien, &c., 97, 
132: Catalogue of Birds collected 
during a survey of a route for a ship 
canal across the Isthmus of Darien, 
made by Lieut, N. Michler, U.S. Top. 
Eng., with Notes and Descriptions of 
new species, 143,188; Descriptions of 
new Birds of Western Africain Mus. 
A.N.S., 363,364; Catalogue of Birds 
from the Island of St. Thomas, West 
Indies, with notes, 363, 374; Reso- 
lutions by, in relation to Mrs. Peter 
A. Browne, 415; don. to lib. xi. | 

Clemens, Dr. Brackenridge, Contribu- 
tions to American Lepidopterology, 
No. 3, 2;4; Contributions to Ame- 
rican Lepidopterology, No. 4, 146, 
156; Contributions to American 
Lepidopterology, No. 5, 201, 203; 
Contributions to American Lepidop- 
terology, No. 6, 325, 345; Note on 
American Tineina, 433; Contribu- 


tions to American Lepidopterology, 
No. 7, 517, 522. 

Coates, Dr. Benjamin H., don. to lib. iv. 

Coleman, W., don. to mus. v. 

Committee on communication of P. B. 
Duchaillu, 48 ; Report of, 81. 

Committee on death of G. W. Carpen- 
ter, 201. 

Committee on Jessup Fund, Rules 
adopted by, 577. 

Committee to prepare a Memorial in 
aid of Dr. Evans, 2. 

Committee, Publication, don. to lib. iv. 
xxii. 

Committees, Election of Standing, 48. 

Condie, Dr., don. to lib. viii. 

Conrad, T. A., Additional new species 
of Fossils, 2; Illustrations of some 
Fossils described in the Proceedings 
of the Acad. Nat. Sci. by T. A. Con- 
rad and Wm. M. Gabb, 55 ; Notes on 
Shells, 199, 231; don. to mus. vi, 

Cooper, Dr. J. G. and Dr. G. Suckley, 
U.S. A., don. to lib. xi. 

Cope, Edward D., Supplement to a 
Catalogue of the Venomous Serpents 
in the Mus. Acad. Nat. Sci., 49, 72; 
Catalogue of the Calamarian Ser- 
pents in the Mus. Acad. Nat. Sci. with 
Notes and Descriptions of new spe- 
cies, 199, 241; Notes and Descrip- 
tions of new and little known Ame- 
rican Reptiles, 325,339; Description 
of Reptiles from Tropical America 
and Asia, 363, 368; See Hallowell: 
Descriptions of new species of the 
Reptilian genera Hyperolius, Liupe- 
rus and Tropidodipsas, 511; List of 
the recent species of Emydosaurian 
Reptiles in the Mus. of the Acad. Nat. 
Sci., 549; Catalogue of the Colu- 
bride in the Mus. of the Acad. Nat. 
Sci., &c., Part 3, 551, 553; don. to 
mus. iv. v. Vi. Vii. 

Corse, Dr. J. M., Remarks on Tuber- 
culous Diseases in Sheep, 548 ; don. 
to mus. v. 

Coultas, Harlan, don. to lib. iv. 

Cresson, E. T., don. to mus. ii. 

Cresson, Walter, don. to lib. xxi. 

Curators, Report of, 575. 


Darrach, Dr. J., Catalogue of Plants 
collected in flower in the neighbor- 
hood of Philadelphia, 145, 199, 302, 
511. 

Darrach, Samuel, don. to mus. y. 

Dawson, J. W., don. to lib. i. vii. xi. 


2 Ap 2.0.4: 
[1860. 


ee eee ee eee eS 


INDEX. _ v. 


Department of War, don. to lib. xi. 

Dow, Capt. J. M., don. to mus. ii. 

Dowler, Dr. Bennett, don. to Jib. xv. 

Duchaillu, P. B., Communication from, 
48; Report of Committee on, 81. 

Duméril, A. M. C., death of, announced, 
415. 

Dunlap, B. G., don. to mus. i. 

Dunlap, Thomas, don. to lib. iv. 

Dunn, Dr. T. C., don. to mus. v. 

Durand, E., Remarks on changing the 
name Carya Texana to C, Buckleyi, 
547; don. to mus. vii.; don. to lib. 
vii. Xx. 


Editor of American Journal of Med- 
ical Sciences, don. to lib. viii. xiii. 
XVi. 

Editor of American Journal of Phar- 


macy, don. to lib. i. iv. viii. xii. xv. | 


XX. 

Editors of American Journal of Sci- 
ence and Arts, don. to lib. i. iv. viii. 
Mil. xy. xxi. 

Editors of American Medical Times, 
don. to lib. x. xi. Xili. Xiv. xV. xvi. 
KV. XVI, XIX. XX. XX1. 

Hditor of Annual of Scientific Dis- 
covery, don. to lib. iii. 

Editors of Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 
don. to lib. vi. 

Editors of Austrian Journal of Medi- 
cal Practice, don. to lib. vi. 

Iiditors of Bibliotheque Universelle, 
Revue Suisse et Etrangére, don. to 
lib. x. XVi. Xx. 

EKditor of California Farmer, don. to 
lib. viii. ix. x, x1. xili. xv. xxi. 

Editor Charleston Medical Journal 
and Review, don. to lib. i. iv. ix. 
UN GV XX. 

Editors of Dental Cosmos, don. to lib. 
1oHI. IV. V2 Vill. 1X. Xi.) Xi. KV. Xvi. 
XViil. xxi. 

Editors of Edinburgh New Philosoph. 
Journal, don. to lib, viii. xv. xvili. 
Editor of Gardener’s Monthly, don. 
toplib. 1X. X. Xi. Xill. XV. Ki. XVI. 

XX. Xxi. 

Editors of Hutching’s California Maga- 
zine, don. to lib. ix. 

Editors of Ibis, don. to lib. i. 

Editors of Journal de Conchyliologie, 
don. to lib. xviii. 

Editor of Mining Magazine and Jour- 
nal of Geology, don, to lib. xiii. 

Editors of Neues Jahrbuch fur Mine- 
ralogie, &c., don. to lib. vi. ix. xii. 
Xviii. 


1860.] 


Editors of New Orleans Medical and 
Surgical Journal, don. to lib. i. viii. 
Xili. XV. XViil. xx, 

Editors of New York Journal of Medi- 
cine, don. to lib. iv. Vii. viii. 

Editors of New York Medical Press, 
don. to lib. ii. 

Editors of North Amer. Med.-Chirurg. 
Review, don, to lib. iv. viii. xiii. xv. 
xix: 

Editor of Revue et Magasin de Zoo- 
logie, &c., don, to lib. i. ii. iv. v. vii. 
ix. Xi, Xlii. xv. xvi. XVili. xxi. 

Editors of San Francisco Medical Press, 
don. to lib. viii. 

Editors of Southern Medical and Sur- 
gical Journal, don. to lib. i. iii. iv. 
Wil, Vid.) X. Xi. Xili. NVI XVI XIX. 

Editors of St. Joseph’s Journal of 
Medicine and Surgery, don. to lib. ii. 

Election of Members and Correspon- 
dents, 579. 

Election of Officers for 1861, 578. 

Election of Standing Committees, 48. 

Encke, M., don. to lib, xiv. 

Engelmann, Dr. George, don. to lib. iy. 

Engelmann, H., see Meek. 

Evans, Dr. John, application 
Co-operation of the Academy, 2. 


for 


Fahnestock, G. W., don. to mus. iii. 

Field, Lieut. Thomas Y., U. S. N., don. 
to mus. iii. 

Fisher, Dr. James C., read extract of 
letter from J. H. Redfield, 148; an- 
nounced the death cf Victor G. Au- 
dubon, 325 ; announced the death of 
A. M. C. Dumeéril, 415 ; Remarks on 
a specimen of Peat from a bed of 
leaves on the Atrato River, 515; 
Resolutions by, on the death of Vice- 
President Le Conte, 516; Report on 
the Library, 575. 

Forshay, C. S., don. to lib. xiii. 

Foulke, William Parker, Remarks on 
experiments of T. Sterry Hunt, 96; 
don. to mus. vil. 

Fraley, W. W., don. to mus. iv. 

France, Minister of Public Works, don, 
to lib. ii. xi. xvi. 

Frost, C. W., don. to mus, iii.; don. to 
lib. xiv. 


Gabb, William M., Descriptions of new 
species of Fossils, probably Triassic, 
from Virginia, 1; Descriptions of 
new species of Cretaceous Fossils, 1 ; 
Descriptions of new species of Cre- 
taceous Fossils from New Jersey, 86, 


42 


Vi. INDEX. 


* . 


93; Descriptions of some new spe- 
cies of Cretaceous Fossils from 
South America in the collection of 
the Academy, 148, 197; On the 
identity of Ammonites Texanus, Roe- 
mer, and A, vespertinus, Morton, 202 ; 
Catalogue of the Museum of the 
Academy for the use of visitors, 304 ; 
Description of a new species of Ce- 
phalopod from the Eocene of Texas, 
295, 324; see Horn: Description of 
new species of Tertiary and Creta- 
ceous Fossils, 417; Description of a 
new species of Cassidulus from the 
Cretaceous formation of Alabama; 
Description of a new genus ana spe- 
cies of Amorphozoa from the Creta- 
ceous formation of New Jersey, 515, 
518, 519; Remarks on Jurassic Fos- 
sils in reply to a letter of Jules 
Marcot, 548; Description of some 
new species of Tertiary Fossils from 
Chiriqui, Central America, 551, 567; 
don. to mus. i.; don. to lib. xv. 

Garsia, Dr. W. M., don. to mus. iv. 

Gassies, J. B., don to lib. xviii. 

Gerhart, A. §., don. to mus. Vii. 

Gill, Theodore, Notes on the Nomen- 
clature of North American Fishes, 
and on the pertinence of Alosa teres 
DeKay, to the genus Dussumieza, 
Val. 2, 19, 21. Conspectus Piscium 
in expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum 
Septentrionalum, C. Ringgold et J. 
Rogers ducibus, aG. Stimpson, M. D. 
Collectore; Sicydianze, 96, 100; 
Monograph of the genus Labrisomus 
of Swainson; Monograph of the 
genus Labrax, of Cuvier; Mono- 
graph of the Philypni, 97, 102, 108, 
120. 

Gistel, Dr. Johannes, don. to lib. xxi. 

Glasco, J. M., don. to mus. Vi. 

Gould, Dr. A. A. don. to mus. vi. 

Grateloup, M. le Dr., don. to lib. iv. xx. 


Haidinger, Wilhelm, don. to lib. vi. 
Haldeman, 8. §., don. to mus. vi. 
Hall, James, don. to lib. iii. xiv. 
Hall, T. J., don. to lib. viii. 
Hallowell, Dr. Edward, death of, an- 
nounced, 81; Reptilia of the North 
Pacific Exploring Expedition, edited 
» by E. D. Cope, 415, 480. 
Hammond, Dr. Wm A. and Dr. S. 
Weir Mitchell, on the physical and 
chemical characteristics of Corroval 
and Wao, two recently discovered 
varieties of Woorara, and a new al- 


kaloid containing their active prin- 
ciple, 100. 

Hanson, H. C., don. to mus. v. 

Harris, Edward, don. to mus. Vii. 

Harris, Dr. R. P., don. to mus. iil. v. 

Hartman, W. D., don. to mus. iv. 

Hartshorne, Dr. Henry, don. to lib. xxi. 

Hayden, Dr. F. V., see Meek. 

Hays, Dr. I. I., announcement of his 
progress in raising funds for his Arc- 
tic Expedition, 149 ; don. to lib. iv. 

Henry, Dr. Bernard, announcement of 
death of, 148. 

Hering, C. J., don. to mus. iii. 

Hernandez, Dr. Don Jose de la Sur, 
don. to lib. iv. 

Hoeckley, F. 8., don. to mus. v. 

Holloway, W. E., don. to mus. i. 

Hopper, J. M. and O. C. Herbert, vote 
of thanks to, for donations, 3. 

Horn, George W., descriptions of three 
new species of Gorgonidz in Mus. 
Acad. Nat. Sci., 202, 233; on Milne- 
Edwards’ synonymy of Xiphigorgia 
setacea, and Wm. M. Gabb, descrip- 
tions of new Cretaceous Corals from 
New Jersey, 363, 366, 367; descrip- 
tions of new Corals in Mus. Acad. 
Nat. Sci., 415, 435; descriptions of 
new North American Coleoptera, in 
the Cabinet of the Entomological 
Society of Philadelphia, 551; 569 ; 
don.fto mus. v. 

Horn, P. C., don. to mus. iii. 

Hornes, Dr. Morris, don. to lib. vi. 

Howe, Joseph, don. to lib. i. 

Huffnagle, Dr., don. to mus. v. 

Hunt, T. Sterry, letter from, on ex- 
periments with Chloride of Calcium 
and Magnesia precipitated by Car- 
bonate of Soda, 96. 


India, Secretary of State for, don. to 
lib. x. 

Institute, Canadian of Arts &. don. to 
lib. il. iv. 1x. X. Xiil. Seviii: 

Institute, Essex, Salem, don. to lib. 
xvi. xviii. 

Institute, Royal Imperial Geological, 
Vienna, don. to lib. vi. xviii. 

Institute, Maryland, don. to lib. iti. xv. 


| Institution, Royal Lombard, of Science, 


&ec., don. to lib. x. 


Jackson, Dr. J. B. S., don. to mus. iy, 

Jackson, Dr. R. M. S., don. to lib. xiii. 

Jan, M., don. to lib. iii. 

Janeway, Dr. J. H., don..to mus. i.; 
don. to lib. xi. 


INDEX. 


Jeanes, Joseph, don. to mus. vi. vii. 

Jeanes, Samuel, don. to mus. vi. vii. 

Jessup, Augustus H., resolutions on 
death of, 1; letterfrom A. D. Jessup, 
H. A. Jessup and Mrs. Clara J. Moore, 
children of the late, 95. 

Jolis, Auguste C., don. to lib. xix. 

Jones & White, don. to lib. vii. 


Kaull, William, don. to mus. i. 

Kellog, F., don. to mus. i. 

Kennicott, Robert, description of new 
species of North American Reptiles 
in the Museum of the Smithsonian 
Institution, 325; 328. 

Kern, Edward M., don. to mus. iv. 

Kirschbaum, ©. 8., don. to lib. ix. 

Kollar, Dr., don. to mus. v. 

Krider, John, don. to. mus. i, v. 

Kurtz, J. D., don. to lib. i. © 


Lamont, Dr, J., don. to lib. v. 

Langstroth, L. L., don. to lib. vii. 

Lapham, J. A., a list of the fresh-water 
shells of Wisconsin, 146; 154. 

Lea, Isaac, LL. D., Prest. Acad. Nat. 
Sci., remarks on the death of A. E. 
Jessup and resolutions by, 1; re- 
marks on the history of Anthracite 
coal, 2; remarks on the number of 
species of Unionide in the United 
States and Territories, 3; remarks 
on abnormal shells, 51; descriptions 
of four new species of Unionide from 
Brazil; description of fifteen new 
species of Uruguayan Unionide ; re- 
marks on the number of Unionide of 
North America, 85; 89; 90; de- 
scription of four new species of Me- 
laniade of the United States; descrip- 
tions of five new species of Uniones 
from Alabama, 86; 92; 93; remarks 
on letter of Dr. Lewis on the color- 
ing matter of the nacre of Uniones, 
88; remarks on a new form of palpi 
of Anodonta, 97; remarks on letter 
of Dr. Showalter of Ala., on speci- 
mens of Physa; and on letter from 
Dr. Lewis on self-registering ther- 
mometer, 147 ; descriptions of four- 
teen new species of Schizostoma, 
Anculosa, &c., 148; 186; remarks 
on perforation of rocks by Echini, 
149; descriptions of two new species 
of Uniones from Georgia; descrip- 
tions of three new species of Uniones 
from Mexico ; descriptions of six new 
species of Unionide from Alabama; 


vii. 
descriptions of seven new species of 
Unionide from the United States ; 
descriptions of three new species of 
exotic Unionide, 302; 305; read an 
extract of a.letter from Bishop D)- 
liott on Helix Cumberlandiana, 363 ; 
new Unionide of the United States 
and Northern Mexico, 415; read let- 
ter from Jules Marcou, 548; read 
letters from Mr. Tyson of Md. 550; 
don. to mus. ii. ili. iv. Vv. vii. don. to 
lib. iv. V. xxi. 

Lea, M. Carey, don. to lib. i. xiii. xxi. 

Le Conte, Maj. John, Vice President, 
announcement of death of, and reso- 
lutions concerning, 516; don. to mus. 
ii, 

Le Conte, Dr. J. L., remarks on the 
geographical distribution of Coleop- 
tera, 49; resolutions by on death o7 
Dr. Edward Hallowell, 82; notes on 
Coleoptera found at Fort Simpson, 
Mackenzie River, with remarks on 
other northern species, 304; 315; sy- 
nopsis of the Scaphidiide of the Uni- 
ted States, 304; 321; don. to mus. vii. 
don. to lib. x. 

Leidy, Dr. Joseph, remarks on Alber- 
tite, 54; announcement of the pur- 
chase of the collection of coal fossils 
of Mr. Eli Bowen, 54; remarks on 
Hyalonema mirabilis, 85 ; announce~ 
ment of the presentation by Dr. T. 
B. Wilson of his entire collection of 
Birds, 86; remarks on experiments 
with Trichina spiralis, 96; remarks 
on a new and rich botanical locality 
at Jackson, New Jersey, 98; resolu- 
tion to exchange the Journal and 
Proceedings with Mr. J. N. H. Barris 
for a suite of fossils, 150; notice of 
specimen of Hyla, 305; remarks on 
fossil teeth of Hippotherium from 
Washington Co., Texas, 416; re- 
marks on an extinct Peccary from 
Dr. D. D. Owen, 416; announced the 
death of Dr. David Dale Owen, 516 ; 
don. to mus. i. ili. vi. vii. don. to Jib, 
xiii. xiv. xvii. 

Le Moine, J. M., don. to lib. vi, 

Lesley, J. P., remarks on letter of T. 
Sterry Hunt, 96; remarks ona boul- 
der of Gneiss on the Orange Co., N. 
Y. Highlands, 97; remarks on the 
geology of the White Mountains, 363, 

Lesquereux, Leo, don. to lib. xxi. 

Lewis, Dr. James, catalogue of the 
shell-bearing Mollusca found in the 


Viil. INDEX. 


vicinity of Mohawk, N. Y.,1; 17;} can Humming Birds Nos. 3 and 4, 


extract of letter from, 88. | Som k 
Lewis, George T., don. to mus. iii. ; Moore, Dr. Francis, don. to mus. y. 
Leopoldt, F., don. to lib. x. Morris, Dr. J. C., don. to mus. vi. 
Librarian, Report of, 575. Moss, T. F., don. to mus. iii. iv. 
Library, Trustees of New York State, | Moulins, Charles de, don. to lib. xix. 
don. to lib. ix. XK. 


Logan, Dr. J. Dickinson, don. tomus. vii. | Mueller, Dr. Carolus, don. to lib. v. xi. 
Lowes, J. B. and J. H. Gilbert, don. to | Museum, Geological, Calcutta, don. to 


lib. vii. lib., iii. viit. 
Lyceum of Natural History, New York, 

don. to lib. iv. Newberry, Dr. J. S., don. to lib. xix. 
Lynch, Capt. Wm. F., U.S. N., don. to xxi. 

lib. iv. Nicholson, Capt., don. to mus. ii. 


Norris, Thaddeus W. don. to mus. vi. 
Mactier, Wm. L., don. to mus. i. don. 
to lib. xiv. Observatory, Royal of Munich, don. to 
Marcou, Jules, letter from in regard to to lib. vi. 
Jurassic fossils, 548; don. to lib. | Ohio, Legislature of, don. to lib. xi. 


XViii. Orrick, A. C., don. to mus. ii. 
Marsh, Benj. V., don. to mus. iv. Osten, Sacken, Baron R., Appendix to 
Martius, Carl Freidrick Philipp v., don. the paper entitled ‘“ new genera and 
to lib. vi. species of North American Tipulide 
Mason, E. P., don. to mus. i. with short palpi,” 2; 15. 
Matthews, 5. H., don. to mus. vii. Owen, Dr. David Dale, announcement 
McChesney, J. H., don. to lib. iii. of the death of, 516. 


McKibben, J., don. to mus. iv. 

Meehan, Thomas, note on Carya Texana, | Paine, Martyn, M. D., don. to lib. xiii. 
547, don. to lib. x. Pennsylvania, State of, don. to lib. i. ii. 

Meek, F. B. and H. Engelmann, report | Perkins, Edward L., vote of thanks to, 
to Capt. J. H. Simpson, 126; and} for donation, 3; don. to mus. i. 
Dr. F. V. Hayden, descriptions of | Petermann, Dr. A., don. to lib. vili. 
new organic remains from the Ter- | Phillips, J. S., don, to mus. ili. 
tiary, Cretaceous and Jurassic rocks | Pickering, Dr. Charles, remarks on the 
of Nebraska, 148; 175; descriptions history of Anthracite coal, 2. 
of new fossil remains collected in Ne- | Pierce, J. Newton, don. to mus. y. 
braska and Utah, &c., 302; 308; | Piggott, John T. don. to mus. v. 
and A. H. Worthen, descriptions of | Potts & Klett, don. to mus. ii. 
new species of Crinoidea from the | Powel, Samuel, remarks on binocular 
Carboniferous rocks of Illinois and vision, 99; don. to mus. i. iii. 
other Western States, 363; 379; and | Prime, Temple, descriptions of new 
Dr. F. V. Hayden, Systematic cata- species of Cyrena and Corbicula in 
logue with synonymy of Jurassic,| the Mus. Acad, Nat. Sci., 51; 80; 
Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils col- Synonymy of the Cyclades a family 
lected in Nebraska, &c., 415; 417; of Acephalous, Mollusca, part Ist, 
descriptions of new Carboniferous 199; 267; don. to mus. y. don, to 
fossils from Illinois and other West- lib. ii. 
ern States, 416; 447. Purves, L., don. to mus. i. 

Meigs, Dr. J. Aitken, observations upon 
the form of the Occiput in the vari- | Quetelet, M. Ad., don. to lib, xiv. 
ous races of men, 363; 397; don. to | Quetelet, M, Ernest, don. to lib. xiv. 


: | 
mus. i. 
Milson, Dr. Augustus, don. to mus. iii. | Rand, Dr. B. H., resolution of thanks 
Misser, P., don. to lib. v. to Van Amburgh & Co., 516. . 
Mitchell, Dr. S. Weir, see Hammond; | Rand, F. D., don. to mus. iii. 
don. to mus. v. don. to lib. i. vii. Ravenel, H. W., don. to mus. iv. 


Montes de Oca, Rafael, Mexican Hum- | Redfield, John H., description of a 
ming Birds No. 1, 3; 47; Mescor | new species of Marginella, 148 ; 
Humming Birds No. 2,54; 80; Mezi-! 174. 


1860. 


INDEX. 


Report of Committee on Memorial in 
aid of Dr. Evans, 2. 

Report of Committee on letter of A. E. 
Jessup, &c., 100. 

Report of Committee on Proceedings, 
48. 

Report of Publication Committee, 48. 

Resolutions on the death of A. EH. Jes- 
sup, 1. 

Resolutions in relation to the meteor- 
ite of Port Orford, W. T., 2. 

Resolutions on the death of Dr. Hd- 
ward Hallowell, 82. 

Resolutions on the death of George W. 
Carpenter, 201. 

Resolutions on the death of Vice Presi- 
dent Le Conte, 516. 

Roepper, Mr., don. to mus. iii. 

Rogers, Prof. Fairman, don. to mus. 
vii. 5 

Rogers, Prof. Robert E., remarks on 
the debitumenization of coal and 
propagation of concussion, 53; re- 
marks on Petroleum wells of West- 
em Pennsylvania, 147; exhibition 
of a modification of Gore’s apparatus 

’ of revolving metallic ball, 148; ex- 
hibition of experiments on the de- 
composing power of Carbonic Acid 
in solution, and of Prof. Way’s 
light, and reclamation of, for Dr. 
Hare, 515; don. to mus. iv. 

Rogers, Prof. Wm. B., remarks on 
Albertite, or so-called Albert coal of 
New Brunswick, 98; remarks on 
experiments in binocular vision, 98 ; 
don. to lib. vii. 

Ruschenberger, Dr. W. S. W., re- 
marks on binocular vision, 99; re- 
signation from Committees, 324; 
don. to mus. ii. 


Samuel, David, don. to mus. iii. 

Sauvalle, F. A., don. to mus. vi. 

Say, Mrs. Lucy W., don. to lib. iv. v. 
Xi. xvi. xvii. xxi. 

Scattergood, Theo., don. to mus. ii. 

Schmidt, Dr. H. D., method of paint- 
ing moist anatomical preparations, 


Secretary, Recording, Report of, 572. 

Seidel, Ludwig, don. to lib. v. 

Semple, Dr., U. S. N., don. to mus. ii. 
iii. 

Short, J., don. to mus. iv. 

Shumard, Dr. B. F., don. to lib. i. ii. 
iii. xvi. 

Simpson, Capt. J. H., Top. Eng., no- 
tice of geological discoveries made 


1860.] 


iz, 


by him in his recent explorations 
across the continent, 97, 126. 

Sinclair, Dr., U.S. N., don. to mus. 
vi. 

Slack, Dr. J. H., remarks on the dis- 
covery of some fossil bones, 3; re- 
marks on the finding of teeth of 
Mosasaurus, 54; don. to mus. i, ii. 
iii. iv. vii. 

Smith, Aubrey H., and Alex. H, Smith, 
letter on the habits of the Beaver, 
146; remarks on a black snake, 
which, when alarmed, ascended a 
tree, 149; don. to mus. vii. 

Smith, Charles E., don. to mus. vii. 

Smith, N. and H., don. to mus. i. 

Smithsonian Institution, don. to mus. 
1. Ho 1ll.-v.> don. to; lib.) }./xii, ai 

Snowden, J. Ross., don. to lib. ii. 

Society, Academique de Maine et Loire, 
don. to lib. vi. 

Society, American Antiquarian, don. 
to lib. ii. x. 

Society, American Geographical and 
Statistical, don. to lib. xiii. 

Society, American Philosophical, don. 
to lib. i. x. 
Society, Arts and Institutions in Union, 

London, don. to lib. ii. xvii. 

Society, Beforderung des Gartenbaus, 
Berlin, don. to lib. xii. 

Society, Boston Natural History, don. 
to lib, i. ii. iv. Ix. xi. xiv. xviii. 
Society, Chemical, of London, don. to 

lib. xxi. 

Society, Deutschen Geologischen, Ber- 
lin, don. to lib. ii. vi. xviii. xix. 
Society, Entomologique de France, 

Paris, don. to lib. iv. 

Society, Entomologischen, Berlin, don. 
to lib. xii. 

Society, Entomologischen zu Stettin, 
don. to lib. vi. 

Society, Freunde der Naturgeschichte 
in Meklenburg, don. to lib. vi. xviii. 

Society, fiirstlich Jablonowskischen 
zu Leipzig, don. to lib. vi. 

Society, Geological, of Dublin, don. to 
lib. viii. 

Society, Geological, of London, don. to 
lib. i. vii. xi. xvii. 

Society, Historical, of Pennsylvania, 
don. to lib. iii. , 

Society, Imperiale des Naturalistes de 
Moscou, don. to lib. ii. xix. 

Society, Imperiale des Sciences, &c., 
de Cherbourg, don. to lib. ix. xix. 
Society, K. K. Zoologisch-botanischen, 

Wien, don. to lib, xviii, 


x) 


Soeiety, Kong. Danske Videnskaber- 
nes, Kjobenhaven, don. to lib. ii. 
Society, Konig. bohmischen der Wis- 
senschaften, Prag, don. to lib. vi. 
Society, Konigl. der Wissenschaften 

zu Gottingen, don. to lib. xviii. 

Society, Leeds Philosophical and Liter- 
ary, don. to lib. xvii. 

Society, Linnean, of London, don. to 
lib. ix. 

Society, Linneene de Normandy, don. 
to lib. vi. 

Society, Literary and Philosophical, of 
Liverpool, don. to lib. xviii. 

Society, Literary and Philosphical, of 
Manchester, don. to lib., xvii. 

Society, Natural History, of Dorpat, 
don. to lib. xii. 

Society, Naturforschenden in Emden, 
don. to lib. xvii. 

Society, Naturforschenden in Basel, 
don. to lib. ii. 

Society, Natural History, of Montreal, 
don. to lib. i. iv. vii. xi. xv. xxi. 
Society, Naturforschenden zu _ Frei- 

burg, don. to lib. ii. xii. 

Society, Naturforschenden zu Riga, 
don. to lib. vi. 

Society, Naturhistorischen der preus- 
sischen Rheinland und Westpha- 
lens, don. to lib. ix. 

Society, Naturkunde in Herzogthum, | 
Nassau, don. to lib. ix. | 


Society, Natuurkundige in Nederland- 
isch Indie, don. to lib. i. viii. ix. x. 
Xvi. 

Society, Northern Antiquaries, of Co- 
penhagen, don. to lib. x. 

Society, of Oberhessischen fiir Natur- 
und Heilkunde, don. to lib. xvii. 


Society, Osterlande zu Altenburg, don. 
to lib. vi. 

Society, Physikal-Medicin, Wurzburg, 
don. to lib. xii. 

Society, Physique et d’Histoire Natu- 
relle de Genéve, don. to lib. 
1X. 

Society, Royal, of Edinburgh, don. to 
Lipsex: 

Society, Royal, of London, don. to lib. | 
vii. xv. xvii. xviii. 

Society, Royal Physical, of Edinburgh, | 
don. to lib. xvii. | 

Society, Russich-Kaiserlichen Mine- | 
ralogischen zu St. Petersbourg, don. 
to lib. xviii. 

Society, Scientiarem Upsaliensis, don. | 
to lib. xix. | 


INDEX. 


Society, Senckenbergischen Naturfor- 
schenden, don. to lib. xii. 

Society, Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 
don. to lib. xix. 

Society, Wurttembergische Naturwis- 
senschaftliche, don. to lib. vi. 

Society, Zoological, of London, don. to 
lib. i. Vii. xx. xxi. 

Society, Zoologische, Frankfurt am 
Main, don. to lib. ii. xix. 

Society, Zoologisch-Mineralogischen in 
Regensberg, don. to lib. xii. 

Stainton, H.T., observations on Ameri- 
can Tineina, 416, 433. 

Steiner, Dr. Lewis H., don. to lib. vii. 

Stimpson, Wm., Prodromus descrip- 
tionis animalium evertebratorum, 
quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum 
Pacificum Septentrionalem, a Re- 
publica Federata missa, C. Ringgold 
et J. Rodgers Ducibus, observayit 
et descripsit, 22. 

Storer, Frank H., don. to lib. xi. 

Suess, Prof. Edward, don. to lib. vi. 
xviii. 

Swift, Robert, don. to mus. v. vi. 


Tatnall, Edward, don. to lib. xv. 

Taylor, Alfred B., don. to lib. ii. 

Taylor, Prof. W. J., don. to mus. iy. 
vi. 

Thompson, J. H., don. to mus. i. 

Trautwine, J. C., don. to mus. Vii. 

Troschel, Dr. F. H., don. to lib. xii. 
xix. 

Turner, Dr. T. J., U. S. N.; don: ‘to 
mus. i. 

Tyson, Isaac, don. to mus. iii. 

Tyson, P. T., don. to mus. vii.; don. 
to lib. xvii. 


Uhler, P. R., Hemiptera of the North 
Pacific Exploring Expedition, &c., 
201, 221. 

Uhler, Dr. Wm. M., don. to mus. vil. 

University, Catholic, of Louvain, don. 
to lib. xii. 

University, Royal, of Christiana, Nor- 
way, don. to lib. v. 

University, State of Michigan, don. to 
lib, iii. 

University, State of New York, Re- 
gents of, don. to lib. xvii. 


Van Amburgh & Co., thanks of the 
Academy to for donations to Mu- 
seum, 516; don. to mus. Vii. 

Vaux, Wm. S., resolution offered by, 
148 ; don. to mus. ii. vi. vii. 


[1860. 


INDEX. 


Ward, Townsend, don. to mus. iv. 

Warren, David M., don. to lib. xii. 

Wayne, Major, U. S. A., don. to lib. 
vii. 

Weinland, Dr. S. F., don. to lib. xiii. 

Weitenweber, Dr. Wilh. Rud., don. to 
lib. vi. 

Westermann, B., & Co, don. to lib. 
xi, 

Wetherill, Dr. C. M., don. to mus. 
iv.; don to lib. xi. xiii. xvi. 

Wiegel, F. O., don. to lib. xix. 

Wileocks, Dr. Alexander, don. to lib. 
ili. 

Willis, J. R., announcement of the 
discovery of Waldheimia cranium 
and Lnttorina litorea on the shore of 
Nova. Scotia, 148. 

Wilson, Dr. Joseph, U.S. N., remarks 
on a tiger cat, (Felis pardalis mini- 
mus,) 82; don. to mus. i. ii. iii. 


1860.] 


x 


Wilson, Dr. Thomas B., don. to mus. 
ii. iv. vi. vii. ; don. to lib. i. ii. iii. 
iv. Vv. Vii. Vili. x. xi. xii. xiii. xiv. 
XV. XVi. XVil. XX. Xxi. Xxii. 

Wood, Horatio C., Jr., contributions 
to the Carboniferous Flora of the U. 
States, 199, 236; catalogue of Car- 
boniferous plants in Mus. Acad. 
Nat. Sci., with corrections in syno- 
nymy, descriptions of new species, 
&e., 415, 436; contributions to the 
Carboniferous Flora of the U. States, 
No. 2, 517, 519 ; don. to mus. iii. 
iv. vi. ; don. to lib.., vii. 

Worthen, A. H., see Meek. 


Xantus, John, descriptions of three 
new species of Star-fishes from Cape 
St. Lucas, Lower California, 551, 568. 


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