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OF THE Se

Biological Society of Washington

VOLUME 40
119277,

WASHINGTON
PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY

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COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATIONS

CHAS. W. RICHMOND, Chairman
T. E. SNYDER F. C. LINCOLN
G. S. MILLER, JR. J. H. RILEY

PUBLICATION NOTE

By a change in the By-Laws of the Biological Society of Washington,
effective March 27, 1926, the fiscal year now begins in May, and the offi-
cers will henceforth hold office from May to May. This, however, will
make no change in the volumes of the Proceedings, which will continue
to coincide with the calendar year. In order to furnish desired informa-
tion, the title page of the current volume and the list of newly elected
officers and committees will hereafter be published soon after the annual
election in May.

PRESS OF
H. L. & J. B. McQuesEn, Inc.
WasHINGTON, D. C.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Officers and Committees for 1927-1928. _........--.w.--.-----n--neeeeeeeeee ne
RO CECE MPS LOT LOZ Fone SO Oa ey A aa Ey edo oh ak
Seven New Birds from Salvador, by Donald R. Dickey and A. J.

VENTA MUO SSC TRAE Va UBER IANO eu Lei ex ere ZINA yet TUTE Marre AIL NEE WAG
Descriptions of Twelve New Species of Miridae from the District

of Columbia and Vicinity (Hemiptera), by Harry H. Knight....
On some Asiatic Cleridae (Col.), by Edward A. Chapin___._...........
Note on the Genus Irena Horsfield, by J. H. Riley...
The Spotted Rock Wrens of Central America, by Donald R.

DickeysandVAyeyen Vian VVOSSe ma yee) eee
New Names for Tropical American Plants, by Ellsworth P. Killip
A Revision of the Golden Warblers, Dendroica petechia (Linné),

byaames ti Pe Gersian fi) cai, DAE NN ZEN AUN TAN TENG BMG TAey
Two New Chinese Rats, by A. Brazier Howell...
A Note concerning the Date of Publication of Two Aphid Genera,

Rosyaeltes Spent estes 2 VRN NL As PNT SOU ELTA ERAT EE RS
A New Hymenothrix from Arizona, by 8S. F. Blake...
Two New Species of Securidaca from South America, by 8. F.

A Thrush New to Science from Haiti, by Alexander Wetmore...
Notes on Sceloporus merriami Stejneger, by A. H. Wright and

AN UN SS QUESTA GH SS ADIN TL ES IR ae ES EEN
Fishes from McKean, Potter and Cameron Counties, Pennsyl-

vania, by Henry W. Fowler and J. Gordon Carlson...
A New Genus and Species of Staphylinidae from Sze-chuan,

Chinasiby PidwardvAs © hapiny es eres iy ene
New Species of Grasses from Central America, by A. 8. Hitchcock
A New Flea from Alaska, by H. E. Ewing...
A New Genus of Anguid Lizards from Haiti, by Doris M. Cochran
Description of a New Owl from Engano Island, by J. H. Riley__.
Spolia Mentawiensia—Three New Birds from the Mentawi

Islands ibys Hey Raleysve oie nn ells ee Ura eg ava eels 8
Two Preoccupied Generic Names for Birds, by Charles W. Rich-

Descriptions of New Genera and Species Belonging to the Coccid

Family Margarodidae, by Harold Morrison...........--........-
A Pollack Whale on the Coast of Virginia, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr.
A New Pedetes from Tanganyika Territory, by Gerrit S. Mil-

99-110
111-112

113-114
115-116

(v)

ee Ne See “Ge > ee ee i ee, a

vil Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

A Few Notes on Plant Names, by William A. Dayton_................- 117-118
New Names for some Western Montane Plants, by William A.

BEY. 10) «VOPR ERO Rees ancie Ne At ALE eee AUN Pa UU IU Le 119-122
A Recent Misuse of Family Names, by E. R. Dunn__.......__. 123-124
Description of a New Subspecies of Beaver, by E. W. Nelson... 125-126
Two New Bornean Snakes, by Thomas Barbour___....--.-..__.. 127-128
A New Bat from Colombia, by H. Harold Shamel........- = 129-130
Notes on the Genus Rhagovelia, with Descriptions of Six New

Species, by C. J. Drake and Halbert M. Harris... 131-188
Descriptions of New Forms of Birds Collected by H. C. Raven in

Northeast Borneo, by J. H. Riley___......_. ba deen ee a Ronee ne Oh: 139-142
Notes on North American Tillinae, with Description of a New

Cymatodera (Col.: Cleridae), by Edward A. Chapin... 143-146
A New Agelaius from Haiti, by Stuart T. Danforth and John T.

irra ern J se ec CSCS MA a 147-148

New Gnateaters and Antbirds from Tropical America, with a
Revision of the Genus Myrmeciza and its Allies, by W. E.

Clyde Tod dss 2.0 Uy ING) ER ie LARPON UL SILOS, LI OLY Ass 149-178
New Reptiles and Batrachians Collected by Dr. Hugh M. Smith in

Siam, by Doris Mie Coc lias snails eee eae ieee enone 179-192
A New Weasel from Louisiana, by E. Raymond Hall... 193-194
The Siamese Fish Puntius Proctozysron, by Hugh M. Smith 195-196
New Western Thysanoptera, by J. Douglas Hood... 197-204
A New Wood Rat from Arizona, by HE. A. Goldman ............._... 205-206

A New Race of Myrmeciza schistacea from Central Peru, by
Seo bay TC Zana 1 AI PN ES ALUN RSP 207-210

The Committee on Publications declares that each paper of this volume
was distributed on the date indicated on its initial page. The index and
minutes of proceedings for 1927 (pp. vii—xi; 211-215) were issued on
March 16, 1928. The title and lists of officers and committees for
1927-1928 (pp. i-iv) were issued on June 30, 1927.

ERRATA.

Page 195, line 18, for Sundu Lal Hova read Sunder Lal Hora.
Page 195, line 20, for Hova read Hora.
Page 195, line 23, for Hova read Hora.
Page 195, line 26, for Hova read Hora.

PLATES.

I, I, II. Facing p. 62. Sceloporus merriami Stejneger.

Vol. 40, pp. vii-xi
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

PROCEEDINGS.

The Society meets from October to May, on alternate Sat-
urdays, at 8 p.m. All meetings during 1927 were held in the
new assembly hall of the Cosmos Club.

January 15, 1927—700th Meeting.

President Oberholser in the chair; 51 persons present.

Informal communications: T. Ulke, Exhibition of plants from
Norway; C. W. Stiles, Note on the question of the parasitic
origin of cancer in the intestinal canal; F. Thone, Note on the
newspaper report of the Scopes trial.

Formal communications: Symposium on The Biological So-
ciety of Washington, past, present, and future: T. 8. Palmer,
Early days of the Society; L. O. Howard, High lights in our
history; F. C. Lincoln, Our present membership; P. Bartsch,
Plans for the future. ;

January 29, 1927—701st Meeting.?

President Oberholser in the chair; 73 persons present.

New members elected: F. W. Alderson, G. Aronson, Margaret
Boswell, C. W. Cole, W. L. Hall, W. C. Johnson, H. Lepman,
H. A. Lindsley, P. H. Lowrey, B. McBride, P. Simmons,
Virginia J. Storck, J. Suter, D. M. Taylor, R. E. Wester, M.
Frances Willoughby, Elsie S. Wright.

Informal communications: V. Bailey, Evidence that the
opossum does not hibernate; A. 5. Hitchcock, Report of the
action of the International Congress of Plant Sciences at Ithaca

1Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 17, p. 347, July 19, 1927.
2Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 17, p. 348-349, July 19, 1927.

(vii)

viii Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

in 1926 in regard to nomenclature; J. N. Rose, Exhibition of a
photograph of a woodpecker nest in a giant cactus.

Formal communications: C. W. Stiles, Personal experiences
with Elias Metchnikov; V. Bailey, Mouse plagues and how they
happen; J. N. Rose, The distribution of the Cacti.

February 12, 1927—702d Meeting.!

President Oberholser in the chair; 300 persons present.

New member elected: R. K. Beattie.

Informal communications: H. C. Oberholser, Notice of the
death of C. D. Walcott; A. A. Doolittle, Exhibition of hermeti-
cally sealed jars containing growing plants.

Formal communications: T. S. Palmer, The personality of
Thomas Nuttall; E. P. Walker, The present status of wild life
in Alaska; W. M. Mann, The Smithsonian-Chrysler Expedition
to Tanganyika.

February 26, 1927—703d Meeting.”

President Oberholser in the chair; 102 persons present.

Informal communications: C. W. Stiles, Inquiry about the
hermetically sealed jars containing growing plants exhibited at
the previous meeting; J. M. Aldrich, Notice of the death of
Dr. Mario Bezzi.

Formal communications: J. M. Aldrich, Thomas Say, natural-
ist; A. S. Hitchcock, A recent botanical trip to Cuba; E. A.
Goldman, Conditions affecting migratory waterfowl in Mexico.

March 12, 1927—704th Meeting.

President Oberholser in the chair; 101 persons present.

New members elected: Penelope Graham, Pearl Hicks, K. E.
Hobbs, Miss E. W. Scott, Lilian T. Smith.

Informal communications: A. Wetmore, Notice of Oligocene
bird fossils from Colorado; P. Bartsch, Note on mimicry in a
mockingbird; A. 8. Hitchcock, Notice of a discussion in the
Journal of Economic Biology on the place of the systematist in
biology.

1Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 17, p. 349, July 19, 1927.

2Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 17, p. 349-350, July 19, 1927.
3Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 17, p. 350-352, July 19, 1927.

Proceedings. ix

Formal communications: S. F. Blake, Frederick Pursh, an
early American botanist; W. B. Bell, Some biological relation-
ships and their significance; C. F. M. Swynnerton, The tsetse
fly problem in Tanganyika.

March 24, 1927—705th Meeting.!

President Oberholser in the chair; 95 persons present.

Formal communications: L. O. Howard, An anecdote con-
cerning a famous pathologist and an equally famous parasitolo-
gist; C. D. Marsh, Coyotillo, a peculiarly dangerous stock-
poisoning plant; P. H. Dorsett, Plant hunting with the camera
in North China, Ceylon, and Java.

April 9, 1927—706th Meeting.?

President Oberholser in the chair; 92 persons present.

New member elected: J. J. Carroll.

Informal communications: 8. F. Blake, Roosting of purple
grackles in the Trinity College grounds; A. 8. Hitchcock, A
case of synonymy in grasses.

Formal communications: C. W. Stiles, Rudolph Leuckart, the
greatest teacher I have ever known; A. 8. Hitchcock, The
typification of Linnaean plant genera; A. do Amaral, Snakes,
venoms and antivenins.

April 23, 1927—707th Meeting.’

President Oberholser in the chair; 65 persons present.

New members elected: Clarabel R. Barnett, W. T. Cox,
Annie L. Davis, D. W. Slauson, G. H. White.

Informal commumications: H.C. Oberholser, Mrs. L. D. Miner,
I. Hoffman, M. K. Brady, May T. Cooke, V. Bailey, W. B.
Bell, and R. M. Libbey, Brief notes on birds.

Formal communications: F. C. Lincoln, Flight lines of ducks;
T. 8S. Palmer, Intensive bird study in the suburbs of large cities;
A. H. Howell, Some recent bird notes from Florida.

1Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 17, p. 352, July 19, 1927.
2Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 17, p. 352-353, July 19, 1927.
3Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 17, p. 353-354, July 19, 1927.

x Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

May 7, 1927—708th Meeting.1
48th Annual Meeting.

President Oberholser in the chair; 18 persons present.

The annual reports of the Recording Secretary, Correspond-
ing Secretary, and Committee on Publications were presented.

The following officers and members of the council were elected:
President, E. A. Goldman; Vice-Presidents, A. Wetmore, C. EH.
Chambliss, H. H. T. Jackson, C. W. Stiles; Recording Secretary,
S. F. Blake; Corresponding Secretary, T. E. Snyder; Treasurer,
F. C. Lincoln; Council, H. C. Fuller, W. R. Maxon, A. A.
Doolittle, B. H. Swales, I. Hoffman.

October 22, 1927—709th Meeting.’

Vice-President Wetmore in the chair; 63 persons present.

New member elected: W. H. White. New Corresponding
Secretary elected: W. H. White.

Informal communications: T.S. Palmer, Notice of the coming
meeting of the American Ornithologists’ Union; A. Wetmore,
Occurrence of Sorex fontinalis near Washington.

Formal communications: J. M. Aldrich, Collecting flies in the
West; H. C. Oberholser, The lure of the waterfowl.

November 5, 1927—710th Meeting.

Vice-President Wetmore in the chair; 75 persons present.

New members elected: J. G. Carlson, Mrs. David J. Rum-
bough, H. H. Shamel.

Informal communication: F. Thone, Note on Dr. E. F.
Smith’s collection of photographs of plant pathologists; J. M.
Aldrich, Query regarding certain locality names near Washing-
ton; A. Wetmore, Observation of Bronzed grackles at Wide-
water, Virginia.

Formal communications: L. O. Howard and C. W. Stiles,
Reports on the International Congress of Zoology at Budapest.

November 19, 1927—711th Meeting.‘

Vice-President Wetmore in the chair; 65 persons present.

1Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 17, p. 354, July 19, 1927.

2Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 18, pp. 79-80, February 4, 1928.
3Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 18, pp. 105-107, February 19, 1928.
4Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 18, pp. 107-108, February 19, 1928.

Proceedings. X1

New members elected: C. L. Baker, W. H. Reese.

Informal communications: P. B. Johnson, Note on a bird
picking insects from the hair of a yak at the Zoo; F. C. Lincoln,
Recent recoveries of banded birds; A. Wetmore and others,
Notes on the 45th Annual Meeting of the American Ornith-
ologists’ Union; H. Ball, Birds observed on the field trip of the
American Ornithologists’ Union.

Formal communications: A. J. van Rossem, Faunal associa-
tions of Salvador; E. Francis, Tularaemia in rabbits and other
animals as related to human health.

December 3, 1927—712th Meeting.!

President Goldman in the chair; 82 persons present.

New member elected: F. C. Bishop.

Formal communications: T. Ulke, Flora of Yoho Park;
G. F. Simmons, Natural history notes from the cruise of the
‘‘Blossom”’ in the South Atlantic.

December 17, 1927—7i3th Meeting.’

President Goldman in the chair; 115 persons present.

New members elected: E. Higgins, G. F. Simmons, R. O.
Smith.

Informal communications: F. C. Lincoln, Recovery of a
banded Arctic tern in France; 8. F. Blake, A newspaper ac-
count of the recovery of a banded Japanese swallow in the
Philippine Islands.

Formal communications: P. G. Redington, Informal discus-
sion of some biological problems; J. M. Holzworth, Motion
pictures of mountain sheep, mountain goats, caribou, and
other big game from Alaska and Idaho.

1Abstract to appear in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci.
2Abstract to appear in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci.

OFFICERS AND COUNCIL
OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
(FOR 1927-1928)

(ELECTED MAY 7, 1927)

OFFICERS

President
E. A. GOLDMAN

Vice-Presidents

A. WETMORE H. H. T. JACKSON
C. E. CHAMBLISS C. W. STILES
Recording Secretary
S. F. BLAKE

Corresponding Secretary
T. E. SNYDER

Treasurer
F. C. LINCOLN

COUNCIL
V. BAILEY* F, A. LUCAS*
PAUL BARTSCH* WILLIAM R. MAXON
FREDERICK V. COVILLE* C. HART MERRIAM*
A. A. DOOLITTLE E. W. NELSON*
B. W. EVERMANN* H. C. OBERHOLSER*
H. C. FULLER T. S. PALMER*
J. W. GIDLEY* Ss. A. ROHWER*
W. P. HAY* J. N. ROSE*
A. S. HITCHCOCK* H. M. SMITH*
I. HOFFMAN L. STEJNEGER*
A. D. HOPKINS* B. H. SWALES
L. O. HOWARD* DAVID WHITE*

STANDING COMMITTEES—1927-1928

Committee on Communications
W. B. BeEtu, Chairman

V. BAILEY T. E. SnypER

Committee on Zoological Nomenclature

G. S. Miter, Jr., Chairman
A. C. BAKER Pau. Bartscu E. A. CHapin
H. C. OBERHOLSER

Committee on Publications
Cuas. W. Ricumonp, Chairman

J. H. Rivey G. 8. Mituzr, Jr.
T. E. SNYDER F. C. Lincoin
Trustees of Permanent Funds
T. S. PatmMer, Chairman
A. 8S. Hitcucock H. C. OBERHOLSER

*—x-Presidents of the Society.

(ili)

EX-PRESIDENTS
OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

*TuroporEe N. Gin, 1881, 1882
*CHarRLes A. WuitTs, 1883, 1884
*G. Brown Goons, 1885, 1886
*Wittram H. Dat, 1887, 1888
*Lester F. Warp, 1889, 1890
C. Hart Merriam, 1891, 1892
*C. V. Ritey, 1893, 1894

*Grno. M. STERNBERG, 1895, 1896
L. O. Howarp, 1897, 1898
FREDERICK V. CoviLLE, 1899, 1900
F. A. Lucas, 1901, 1902

B. W. Evermann, 1903, 1904
*F. H. Knowuton, 1905, 1906
L. Stesnecer, 1907, 1908

T. S. Paumer, 1909, 1910
Davip Waite, 1911

E. W. Neuson, 1912, 1913
Paut Bartscu, 1914, 1915

W. P. Hay, 1916, 1917

J. N. Ross, 1918

Huau M. Smit, 1919

A. D. Horxtins, 1920

*N. Houuister, 1921

VERNON BaiLEy, 1922

A. S. Hrrceucock, 1923

J. W. Gipigy, 1924

S. A. Ronwer, 1925

H. C. OBERHOLSER, 1926-1927

*Deceased.

(iv)

ped) bo fh

Vol. 40, pp. 1-8 January 8, 1927
CCDS | < a

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

SEVEN NEW BIRDS FROM SALVADOR.
BY DONALD R. DICKEY AND A. J. VAN ROSSEM. Y

Further work with the material collected in Salvador during
1925 and 1926 indicates the need of recognizing certain addi-
tional geographic races, which appear not to have been de-
scribed heretofore. Seven of these forms may be known as
follows:

Balanosphyra formicivora lineata, subsp. nov.
SALVADOR ACORN WOODPECKER.

Type.—Male adult; No. 16,281, Collection of Donald R. Dickey; Mt.
Se creuanidue, Department San Miguel, El Salvador, C. A.; altitude
3,800 feet; “‘oak-pine association”’; November 24, 1925; collected by
A. J. van TRA original No. 9,355.

Subspecific characters.—Resembles Balanosphyra formicivora formicivora
(Swainson) of Mexico in the greenish sheen of upper parts, pale yellowish Al
white throat, and extensive white area on the proximal portion of the ,
remiges, but differs in having the entire pectoral seen narrowly striped i
with black and white.

The bluish sheen of the upper parts, the darker yellow throat patch,
and the reduced white area on the primaries of Balanosphyra formicivora
striatipectus (Ridgway) of Panama, Costa Rica, and the Atlantic slope
of Nicaragua and Honduras, obviate the necessity of close comparison
with that form. In fact, it is only in the completely streaked chest that |
lineata can be at all compared to striatipectus. Even in this character,
however, there is a marked difference, for the black and white lines in |
lineata are of about equal width, while in striatipectus the central black |
area of the individual feathers is usually very broad and lanceolate or |
sagittate in shape.

Range.—Oak-pine association on Mt. Cacaguatique, Department San iW
Miguel, Salvador, at altitudes ranging from 3,000 to 4,000 feet.

Remarks.—This species was found in Salvador only along the western

slope of the Cordillera, and was not noted on the isolated volcanic moun- i
tains toward the coast. The absence of oaks would perhaps explain why
none were found on Volcan Conchagua. However, acorn woodpeckers
1Contribution from the California Institute of Technology. 2
J—Proc. Biou. Soc. WasuH., Vou. 40, 1927. (1)

2 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

were also entirely absent from Volcan San Miguel and Volcan San Sal-
vador, on both of which oaks are plentiful. No evidence of the acorn-
storing habit, which is so characteristic of the species further north, was
observed in Salvador. It may be of interest to note here that the color
of the iris in Salvador birds undergoes marked change with age. It is
ivory, or pure cream white in fully adult birds, and pale grayish blue in
juveniles. This bluish cast is retained in some degree even after the
birds are in complete post-juvenal plumage, and therefore constitutes a
valuable field character for judging immaturity.

Specimens examined.—Balanosphyra formicivora formicivora: Mexico:
Hidalgo, 1; Mexico, D. F., 1; Morelos, 1; Zacatecas, 1; Guerrero, 1; Puebla,
1. Balanosphyra formicivora striatipectus: Costa Rica: Cartago (Monte
Redondo, 1; Volcan Irazu, 4). Balanosphyra formicivora lineata: Sal-
vador: San Miguel (Mt. Cacaguatique, 20).

Large series of Balanosphyra formicivora aculeata (Mearns), Balanos-
phyra formicwora angustifrons (Baird), and Balanosphyra formicivora
bairdi (Ridgway) have also been examined. Close comparison with these
forms is not necessary. We have not seen Balanosphyra formicivora
albeola (Todd), but the characters ascribed to that form would seem to
make direct comparison unnecessary.

Mitrephanes phaeocercus quercinus, subsp. nov.
SALVADOR DUSKY-TAILED FLYCATCHER.

Type.—Male adult; No. 16,384, Collection of Donald R. Dickey; Mt:
Cacaguatique, Department San Miguel, El Salvador, C. A.; altitude 3,500
feet; ‘‘oak-pine association’’; November 30, 1925; collected by A. J. van
Rossem; original No. 9,459.

Subspecific characters—The darkest and most richly colored race of
Mitrephanes phaeocercus. Similar in size to Mitrephanes phaeocercus phae-
ocercus (Sclater) of southern Mexico, but dorsally darker and greener;
pileum comparatively even darker, and in more decided contrast to rest
of upper parts; under parts darker and more tawny (less ochraceous),
particularly on posterior under parts and under tail coverts; edgings of
wing coverts and secondariés darker brown (less buffy), and webs of
remiges and rectrices dusky blackish instead of dark grayish brown.

Similar to Mitrephanes phaeocercus nicaraguae Miller & Griscom, but
larger and darker, particularly on the abdominal region. In our opinion,
size alone seems sufficient to validate nicaraguae as a race.

Range.—The Sonoran oak-pine association on Mt. Cacaguatique, De-
partment San Miguel, Salvador, north probably to adjacent parts of
Guatemala.

Remarks.—In view of Mr. Ridgway’s remarks (Birds of North and
Middle America, pt. 4, 1907, p. 499, footnote) it is evident that some
Guatemalan examples of this species resemble quercinus more or less
closely. Miller and Griscom, in their description of nicaraguae (American
Museum Novitates, No. 159, Feb. 16, 1925, p. 4), make no mention of
differences between Guatemalan and Mexican specimens. However, the
material examined in these two instances may well have come from entirely
different sections of Guatemala. Like Balanosphyra formicivora, this

Dickey and van Rossem—Seven New Birds from Salvador. 3

species was not found on Volcan San Miguel nor on Volcan Conchagua,
and is therefore probably confined to the Cordillera and its spurs.
Specimens examined.—Mitrephanes phaeocercus phaeocercus: Mexico:
Vera Cruz, 1; Morelos, 2; Durango, 1 (not typical); Guerrero, 2 (not
typical). Muitrephanes phaeocercus nicaraguae: Nicaragua: Segovia (San
Rafael del Norte, 2; Ocotal, 1). Mutrephanes phaeocercus quercinus: Sal-
vador: San Miguel (Mt. Cacaguatique, altitude 3,000 to 4,000 feet, 7).

Thryophilus pleurostictus lateralis, subsp. nov.
SALVADOR BANDED WREN.

Type.—Male adult (‘‘breeding condition’’); No. 15,302, Collection of
Donald R. Dickey; Lake Olomega, Department San Miguel, El Salvador,
C. A.; altitude 200 feet; ‘‘dense forest undergrowth’’; July 31, 1925; col-
lected by A. J. van Rossem; original No. 8,369.

Measurements of type-—Wing 63.5; tail 51.0; exposed culmen 15.7;
tarsus 21.5; middle toe (without claw) 14.9.

Subspecific characters.—Similar to Thryophilus pleurostictus ravus Ridg-
way in coloration, but lateral under parts more extensively and evenly
barred; general size very slightly smaller; bill decidedly smaller. Similar
to Thryophilus pleurostictus pleurostictus (Sclater), but dorsal coloration
more rufescent, and size smaller.

Range.—Southeastern Salvador.

Remarks.—Although the new form is intermediate between ravus and
pleurostictus in that it combines the dorsal coloration of the former with
the under parts of the latter, nevertheless the size, particularly of the
bill, is smaller than in either, and therefore it can not be considered as an
intergrade between those forms. This wren seems to be confined in
Salvador to the extreme southeastern corner of the country. It is common
throughout the lowlands and on Volcan Conchagua, but is apparently
absent on Volcan San Miguel, and in the northern and western high-
lands.

Measurements.—
MALES.
Middle Toe
Wing. Tail. Exposed Tarsus. Without
Culmen. Claw.
T. p. pleurostictus (4): 63.0-67.5 54.0-56.5 16.38-16.7 21.5-23.0 14.8-15.6
(65.7) (55.1) (16.5) (22.2) (15.2)
T. p. ravus (5): 62.5-65.0 48.5-51.0 16.5-18.3 21.0-22.2 14.3-15.2
(63.5) (49.5) (17.4) (21.5) (14.9)
T. p. lateralis (9): 61.5-64.5 46.0-51.5 15.4-16.2 20.0-21.5 14.0-15.2
(62.7) (49.2) (15.8) (20.9) (14.7)
FEMALES.
T. p. pleurostictus (8): 57.0-63.0 48.0-51.5 15.0-16.2 20.0-21.9 14.3-15.9
(59.8) (49.3) (15.7) (20.8) (14.9)
T. p. ravus (5): 59.0-63.0 44.5-48.0 15.7-17.5 20.2-22.2 13.3-15.2
(60.6) (46.6) (16.5) (20.8) (14.4)
T. p. lateralis (5): 53.5-57.5 40.5-44.5 14.6-15.1 19.5-20.3 13.0-14.3
(56.1) (43.2) (14.9) (19.9) (13.7)

4 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Specimens examined.—Thryophilus pleurostictus pleurostictus: Mexico:
Oaxaca (Santa Efigenia, 1); Chiapas (Mountains near Tonala, 2; San
Bartolome, 2; San Benito, 1; Tuxtla, 1). Thryophilus pleurostictus ravus:
Nicaragua: Leon (Leon, 2); Chinandega (Volcan El Viejo, 2; Chinandega,
2). Costa Rica: Guanacaste (Punta Piedra, 3; Las Cafias, 1). Thryophi-
lus pleurostictus lateralis: Salvador: Morazan (Divisadero, 2); San Miguel
(Lake Olomega, 9); Usulutan (Puerto del Triunfo, 1); La Union (Volcan
Conchagua, 4; Rio Goascoran, 18° 30’ N., 1).

Pachysylvia decurtata pallida, subsp. nov.
SALVADOR FOREST VIREO.

Type.—Male; No. 16,886, Collection of Donald R. Dickey; Puerto
del Triunfo, Department Usulutan, El Salvador, C. A.; altitude, sea
level; “tropical forest’”’; January 9, 1926; collected by A. J. van Rossem;
original No. 9,960.

Subspecific characters.—Similar to Pachysylvia decurtata decurtata (Bona-
parte), but lighter colored throughout; pileum purer and paler gray; upper
parts lighter and more yellowish green; sides, flanks, and under tail coverts
lighter and more yellowish green; chin and throat conspicuously paler;
chest and median under parts whiter, the greenish of sides and flanks being
confined to a comparatively restricted lateral area.

Range.—Lowlands of southeastern Salvador.

Remarks.—A specimen from the town of Volcan, Canton de Oso, Pun-
tarenas, Costa Rica, we are unable to distinguish from Mexican specimens.
It seems likely that pallida will be found to occupy only a limited area on
the Pacific coast.

Specimens examined.—Pachysylvia decurtata decurtata: Mexico: Tabasco
(Frontera, 1; Teapa, 3); Chiapas (Palenque, 1); Campeche (near Yohal-
tun, 1). Costa Rica: Puntarenas (Volcan, Canton de Oso, 1). Pachy-
sylvia decurtata pallida: Salvador: San Miguel (Lake Olomega, 6); Usulutan
(Puerto del Triunfo, 1, the type).

Habia rubica salvadorensis, subsp. nov.
SALVADOR ANT TANAGER.

Type.—Male adult; No. 16,583, Collection of Donald R. Dickey; Mt.
Cacaguatique, Department San Miguel, El Salvador, C. A.; altitude 3,500
feet; ‘subtropical undergrowth’’; December 14, 1925; collected by A. J.
van Rossem; original No. 9,657.

Subspecific characters.—Dorsally, the adult males approximate Habia
rubica confinis (Bangs) of eastern Honduras, being darker than Habia
rubica affinis (Nelson) of southwestern Mexico, and with less brownish
suffusion than in Habia rubica rubicoides (Lafresnaye) of southeastern
Mexico. Posterior under parts paler and less brownish than in rubicoides,—
about intermediate between that form and affinis; throat and breast more
rosy (less orange) red than in rubicoides; throat very brilliantly colored,
and in more decided contrast to chest than in any other Central American

Dickey and van Rossem—Seven New Birds from Salvador. 5

or Mexican form of rubica we have examined, with the possible exception
of confinis.

Females similar to rubicoides dorsally, but paler and more buffy (less
brownish) below; the throat, particularly, is paler and brighter, and in
much more decided contrast to chest. Compared to confinis, coloration
throughout more buffy (less greenish); flanks and upper parts darker.

Range.—Salvador, from sea level to at least 4,000 feet on Mt. Caca-
guatique.

_ Remarks.—While confinis is clearly intermediate between rubicoides of

southeastern Mexico and Habia rubica vinacea (Lawrence) of Costa Rica
and Panama, the same thing can not be said of salvadorensis. The males,
particularly in the posterior under parts of worn specimens, show a strong
tendency, in certain characters, toward the pale rosy coloration of affinis
from southwestern Mexico. On the other hand, the orange red tone of
the throat and breast of many examples is more like rubicoides. The
absence of the greenish tinge in the coloration of the females, which is so
characteristic a feature of vinacea, and to a lesser degree of confinis, would
seem to preclude the possibility of any close relationship in that direction.
Unfortunately no females of affinis are available.

Specimens examined.—Habia rubica rubicoides: Mexico: Vera Cruz (Pre-
cedio, 7; Motzorango, 3; Papanita, 1); Tabasco (Teapa, 4); Oaxaca (Mts.
near Santo Domingo, 1). Habia rubica confinis: Honduras: Yaruca, 6
(including the type). Habia rubica vinacea: Costa Rica: Puntarenas
(Buenos Aires, 3; Boruca, 1); Cartago (Monte Redondo, 2); San Jose
(Guaitil, 1). Panama: Chiriqui (Boquete, 2; El Banco, 1). Habia rubica
affinis: Mexico: Oaxaca (Pinotepa, 1, the type). Habia rubica salva-
dorensis: Salvador: Usulutan (Puerto del Triunfo, 4); La Union (Volean
Conchagua, 2); San Miguel (Volean San Miguel, 1; Lake Olomega, 4;
Mt. Cacaguatique, 10); Morazan (Volcan Sociedad, 1).

Habia salvini wetmorei, subsp. nov.
WETMORE ANT TANAGER.

Type.—Male adult; No. 16,889, Coilection of Donald R. Dickey; Puerto |

del Triunfo, Department Usulutan, El Salvador, C. A.; altitude, sea level;
““coyol palm association’’; January 9, 1926; collected by A. J. van Rossem;
original No. 9,963.

Subspecific characters—Adult males almost exactly similar to Habia
salvint peninsularis (Ridgway), but under parts slightly darker, particu-
larly on flanks and under tail coverts. Females darker and richer than
peninsularis; very close to Habia salvini salvini (Berlepsch), but throat
more richly colored, being orange rather than lemon yellow. In one
of the six females and in three of the four young males examined, in which
the sex determinations were unquestionable, the orange of the throat is
replaced by dull salmon pink. One additional female of this type was
collected, but accidentally destroyed. Sexing was done with extreme cau-
tion in all these cases. Two phases are indicated. Close comparison
with Habia salvini littoralis (Nelson) does not appear necessary.

6 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Range.—The ‘“coyol” palm association of the lowland districts of
Salvador; occasionally straggling to higher altitudes with wandering flocks
of Habia rubica salvadorensis, as on Volcan San Miguel at 2,500 feet.

Remarks.—It is indeed remarkable that while the females of the new
race so closely resemble the geographically adjacent salvini, the males
are equally close to the very distant peninsularis. No comparison with
the chocolate-backed Habia salvini discolor (Ridgway) of the Atlantic
slope of southern Honduras and Nicaragua has been deemed necessary.

Specimens examined.—Habia salvini salvini: Mexico: Chiapas (Guichi-
covi, 2); Oaxaca (Mountains near Santo Domingo, 3; Tuxtepec, 1). Habia
salvini littoralis: Mexico: Tabasco (Frontera, 6). Habia salvini penin-
sularis: Mexico: Yucatan (Puerto Morelos, 4; La Vega, 1); Campeche
Canasoyat, 1). Habia salvini wetmorei: Salvador: Usulutan (Puerto del
Triunfo, 12); San Miguel (Rio San Miguel, 6; Lake Olomega, 1; Volcan
San Miguel, 2); Santa Ana (Zapotitan, 1).

Aimophila rufescens pectoralis, subsp. nov.
SAN MIGUEL RUSTY SPARROW.

Type.—Male adult; No. 17,584, Collection of Donald R. Dickey; Volean
San Miguel, Department San Miguel, El Salvador, C. A.; altitude 3,500
feet; “bunch grass—lava ravine’’; March 17, 1926; collected by A. J.
van Rossem; original No. 10,659. ’

Measurements of type-—Wing 79.0; tail 84.0; exposed culmen 16.5; tarsus
26.1; middle toe (without claw) 19.0.

Subspecific characters.—Similar to Aimophila rufescens rufescens (Swain-
son) of southern Mexico, but coloration of under parts grayer (less rusty),
particularly on chest, flanks, and under tail coverts; throat and median
under parts whiter (less creamy); pectoral band darker and much more
pronounced. Wing and tail slightly but definitely longer.

Range.—Grass and lava slopes of Volean San Miguel, Salvador, above
3,000 feet.

Remarks.—The new form apparently approximates Aimophila rufescens
sinaloa Ridgway of Sinaloa in length, but has the larger bill, tarsi and
feet of rufescens, so that aside from color differences the two need not be
confused.

It is with some hesitation that we refer our birds from western and
northern Salvador to rufescens. They are apparently identical with that
form in_size and in one case in coloration, but average decidedly grayer on
the breast. Possibly more material might make it necessary to distinguish
still another form, but for the present we prefer to treat these birds as
representing the southern extension of rufescens, with certain slight and
inconstant local differences.

Specimens examined.—Aimophila rufescens rufescens: Mexico: San Luis
Potosi, 1; Vera Cruz, 2; Oaxaca, 2; Morelos, 1; Puebla, 1. Salvador:
San Salvador (Volean San Salvador, about 4,500 feet, 1; San Salvador, 3);
San Miguel (Mt. Cacaguatique, 1). Aimophila rufescens pectoralis: Sal-
vador: San Miguel (Volean San Miguel, 9).

Dickey and van Rossem—Seven New Birds from Salvador. 7

Measurements.—

Wing. Tail.

Aimophila rufescens rufescens: 409°oh 72.0-75.0 74.5-82.0
(73.4) (77.9)

7 9Q 67.0-71.0 70.5-77.5
(69.8) (73.7)

Aimophila rufescens pectoralis:; 45h 77.5-79.5 84.0-87.0
(78.4) (85.0)

499 72.0-74.0 78.0-78.5
(73.4) (78.4)

One specimen of pectoralis retains part of its juvenal plumage and was
therefore not used in the table of measurements. It will be noted that
while our measurements for rufescens are very close to those given by
Mr. Ridgway (Birds of North and Middle America, pt. 1, 1901, p. 244)
for the male series at his command, our measurements for seven females
are decidedly smaller than those given by him for four females. We
believe that our measurements more nearly reflect the differences between
the sexes.

For their courteous cooperation in furnishing us with comparative
series of specimens essential to the determination of the above material,
and for other assistance, our sincere thanks are due to Mr. Ludlow Griscom
of the American Museum, Dr. E. W. Nelson of the Bureau of Biological
Survey, Mr. W. E. Clyde Todd of the Carnegie Museum, Mr. Outram
Bangs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and Dr. Charles W.
Richmond of the United States National Museum.

Vol. 40, pp. 9-18 March 5, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CON
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
(a

DESCRIPTIONS OF TWELVE NEW SPECIES OF MIRI-

DAE FROM THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA AND
VICINITY (HEMIPTERA).1

BY HARRY H. KNIGHT.

It was the writer’s good fortune to spend the summer of 1926
in Washington, D. C., working over and arranging the collec-
tion of Miridae in the United States National Museum. During
week ends some opportunity was had for collecting Hemiptera
in that vicinity. It may be of interest to note that the season
of 1926 proved to be the poorest year I have ever experienced
for collecting Hemiptera. This opinion was gained after driv-
ing across the country and collecting in Iowa, Illinois, New
York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, District of Columbia, and
Virginia. In spite of the adverse season a few good things
were taken but only by hard work in sweeping and beating.
Many species, however, appeared to be entirely absent from
their normal host plants, this being particularly true of those
breeding on trees and shrubs. Mr. W. L. McAtee and Mr.
H. G. Barber also are of the same opinion that collecting was
very poor during 1926.

In working up a list of Miridae for the District of Columbia
and vicinity, a few unnamed species have come to notice with
the result that the following descriptions are offered now.

Sthenarus mcateei, n. sp.

Distinguished by the small size and bright red color, with pale antennae
and legs.

9. Length 2.7 mm., width 1.5 mm. Head: width .59 mm., vertex
.37 mm. Rostrum: length 1.33 mm., extending slightly behind posterior
coxae, bright red, paler on the apical half. Antennae: segment I, length

1Contribution from the Department of Zoology and Entomology, Iowa State College,
Ames, Iowa.

2—Proc. Brox. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 40, 1927. (9)

ene

10 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

.24 mm.; II, 1.06 mm., slender, slightly thicker apically, length slightly
greater than width of pronotum at base; III, .71 mm.; IV, .47 mm.;
uniformly pale. Pronotum: length .47 mm., width at base 1.02 mm.

Clothed with simple yellowish pubescence; uniformly bright red, in
paler specimens light red, antennae and legs including tibial spines uni-
formly pale or yellowish; membrane pale to dusky, veins red.

Holotype: @ July 29, 1917, Odenton, Maryland (W. L. McAtee); col-
lection of W. L. McAtee. Paratypes: 4 2 July 12, 1914, Odenton, Mary-
land (W. L. McAtee), collected on wild grapevine (Vitus sp.). @? June 12,
1926, Carthage, Mississippi (H. G. Johnston).

This species is referred to the genus Sthenarus which at present is a
repository for small forms having pale, impunctate tibiae, and clothed
with simple pubescence.

Microphylellus minuendus, n. sp.

Runs in my key (Hem. Conn., 1923, p. 454) to macultpennis Kngt., but
differs in the smaller size and uniformly light yellowish brown color.

9. Length 2.6 mm., width 1.3 mm. Head: width .59 mm., vertex
.32 mm. Rostrum imbedded although apparently reaching to near pos-
terior margins of hind coxae. Antennae: segment I, length .18 mm.; I,
-71 mm.; III, .44 mm.; IV, .31 mm.; uniformly yellowish, last segment
searcely dusky. Pronotum: length .53 mm., width at base 1.06 mm. |

Pubescence simple and rather abundant as in Plagiognathus. Dorsum
uniformly light yellowish brown; sides of thorax and venter, sternum, and
lower half of face, fusco-brownish to fuscous. Membrane pale to dusky,
somewhat darker across apical half of areoles. Legs pale yellowish, tibial
spines brownish black, without distinct spots at base; hind femora with
two rows of fuscous spots, the dorsal row larger and darker.

Holotype: 9 June 21, 1914, Plum Point, Maryland (W. L. McAtee);
collection of W. L. McAtee. Paratype: 9 June 20, 1914, Plum Point,
Maryland (W. L. McAtee); author’s collection.

Plagiognathus carneolus, n. sp.

Distinguished by the impunctate tibiae and pale tibial spines; general.
coloration pale to yellowish, scutellum, corium, and cuneus yellowish
brown with a tinge of flesh color; becoming dusky in the male.

o'. Length 4.2 mm., width 1.48 mm. Head: width .80 mm., vertex
.32 mm. Rostrum: length 1.54 mm., surpassing the middle coxae but
not attaining posterior margins of hind coxae. Antennae: segment I,
length .24 mm., pale to dusky; II, 1.09 mm., cylindrical, equal in thickness
to segment I, light brown to dusky; III, .68 mm., fuscous; IV, .38 mm.,
fuscous. Pronotum: length .59 mm., width at base 1.2 mm.

Pubescence yellowish brown to dusky. General coloration pale to
yellowish brown; head, scutellum and sternum darker brown, tinged with
fuscous, pronotum more or less dusky. Corium except along claval suture,
and cuneus except base, light brown with a tinge of flesh color. Mem-
brane rather uniformly fuscous, veins yellowish, a white callous mark

Knight—Twelve New Species of Miridae. 11

bordering distal margin of larger areole. Legs pale to yellowish, im-
punctate, tibiae sometimes dusky, spines pale to brownish without spots
at base; tarsi fuscous.

9. Length 3.7 mm., width 1.7 mm. Head: width .82 mm., vertex
40 mm. Rostrum: length 1.6 mm., scarcely attaining posterior margins
of hind coxae. Antennae: segment I, length .21 mm.; II, 1 mm., more
slender than segment I; III, .58 mm.; IV, .35 mm. Pronotum: length
.59 mm., width at base 1.3 mm. Very similar to the male in pubescence
and coloration, but the scutellum and corium more reddish brown.

Holotype: o& May 5, 1918, Odenton, Maryland (W. L. McAtee); col-
lection of W. L. McAtee. Allotype: topotypic; author’s collection. Para-
types: 3 o' 3 @, taken with the types. co May 138, 1901, Falls Church,
Virginia (S. A. Rohwer). Mr. McAtee found this species breeding on
Pinus virginiana, where it is one of the first to mature of the several species
of Mirids breeding on that host.

Plagiognathus albifacies, n. sp.

Runs to blatchleyi Reut. in my key (Hem. Conn., 1923, p. 432), but
distinguished by the pale antennal segment I, black Aaa longer head,
and differently formed male genital claspers.

o. Length 4.4 mm., width 1.5 mm. Head: width .81 mm., vertex
.35 mm.; pale eis tylus blackish. Rostrum: length 1.85 mm.,
just attaining posterior margins of hind coxae, chiefly pale. Antennae:
segment I, length .39 mm., pale, annulus at base and spot on apical half
black; II, 1.55 mm., black; III, 1.14 mm., blackish; IV, broken. Pro-
notum: length .74 mm., width at base 1.28 mm.; pale yellowish, tinged
with greenish in fresh specimens, basal angles dusky to brownish. Scu-
tellum yellowish, somewhat brownish on middle of base and on meso-
scutum.

Clothed with pale to yellowish pubescence, sometimes a few hairs dusky
on the darker areas. Hemelytra pale yellowish, inner half of clavus and
apical half of corium dusky to pale fuscous, usually paler along radial
vein, claval suture, and commissure. Cuneus pale to dusky, in dark speci-
mens rather uniformly fusco-brownish, translucent. Membrane fuscous,
veins and bordering apex: of cuneus paler. Legs pale, femora with two
rows of blackish spots on anterior face, hind femora with the antero-dorsal
row composed of six larger black spots. Tibial spines black with promi-
nent black spots at base of each, tibial knees black, tarsi fuscous to black.
Genital claspers distinctive, the left clasper with lateral or basal lobe much
larger than in blatchleyt.

9. Length 4.7 mm., width 1.68 mm. Head: width .83 mm., vertex
.39 mm. Antennae: segment I, length .41 mm.; II, 1.51 mm., blackish,
more or less pale on basal half; III, 1.2 mm.; IV, .58 mm. Pronotum:
length .78 mm., width at base 1.45 mm. Very similar to the male in
coloration and “aileceantas:

Holotype: & July 14, 1922, Urbana, Tai (P. A. Glick); author’s col-
lection. Allotype: same data as the type. Paratypes: DISTRICT OF
COLUMBIA—< July 6, 1884, o Aug. 20, 1886, Washington (O. Heide-

12 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

mann). MARYLAND—Plummers Island: 9? July 24, 1905, & July 27,
1913, « 2 @ Aug. 1, 1906, 9 Aug. 11, @ Aug. 25, 1907 (W. L. McAtee);
co Aug. 9, 1902 (Barber & Schwarz); 2 9 Aug. 23, 1903 (O. Heidemann);
@ Sept. 10, 1905 (D. H. Clemons); o Sept. 15, 1907 (A. K. Fisher).

Plagiognathus crocinus, n. sp.

Runs to albatus Van D. in my key (Hem. Conn., 1923, p. 431), but
differs in the light orange yellow color and with fuscous along: innner
margins of clavus only.

9. Length 3.5 mm., width 1.36 mm. Head: width .68 mm., vertex
.35 mm.; eyes minutely pubescent. Rostrum: length 1.43 mm., slightly
surpassing the hind coxae. Antennae: segment I, length .26 mm., yellow,
a fuscous spot on apical half from which arise two dark hairs; II, 1 mm.,
yellow; III, .69 mm., yellow to dusky; IV, .38 mm., yellow to dusky.
Pronotum: length .56 mm., width at base 1.09 mm.

Clothed with simple pale yellowish pubescence. Coloration light yellow
to orange yellow; clavus fuscous along commissure and bordering cuneus.
Membrane pale, areoles pale fuscous, a dark ray on outer margin behind
cuneus, its width nearly equal to width of cuneus, veins yellow. Legs
yellow, tibial spines dark with small fuscous point at base of each; hind
femora with a row of small fuscous points near antero-dorsal margin, also
three or four other points near apex.

o. Length 3.8 mm., width 1.4 mm. Head: width .71 mm., vertex
.32 mm. Antennae: segment I, length .26 mm.; II, 1.45 mm.; III, .69
mm.; IV, .35 mm. Pronotum: length .59 mm., width at base 1.17 mm.
Pubescence and coloration similar to the female, although apical area of
corium with faint fuscous cloud apparent.

Holotype: 9 July 1, 1914, Bluemont, Virginia (W. L. McAtee); collec-
tion of W. L. McAtee. Allotype: o, taken with type; author’s collection.

Plagiognathus similis furvus, n. var.

Runs to annulatus var. cuneatus Kngt. in my key (Hem. Conn., 1923,
p. 481), but distinguished by the smaller size and shorter second antennal
segment which is not equal to width of pronotum at base.

o. Length 3.8 mm., width 1.24 mm. Head: width .71 mm., vertex
28mm. Antennae: segment I, length .24 mm.; II, .98 mm.; III, .66 mm.;
IV, .37 mm.; black, last two segments yellowish to dusky. Pronotum:
length .53 mm., width at base 1.05 mm.

Not differing in structure from similis Kngt., but runs in a different
section of the key due to the black antennae. Black, vertex, base of
cuneus and sides of mesoscutum pale or yellowish. Legs pale with black-
ish spots similar to the typical form.

Type: 3 July 20, 1926, Plummers Island, Maryland (H. H. Knight);
author’s collection. Paratype: &, taken with the type on birch (Betula
sp.), probably yellow birch. < June 20, 1916, Swannanoa, North Caro-
lina (R. W. Leiby).

Plagiognathus similis Kngt. was originally described as a variety of
albatus Van D. (Hem. Conn., 1923, p. 445), but with the collection of the

Knight—Twelve New Species of Miridae. 13

present material the writer is of the opinion that we are dealing with a
valid species. The type of similis was collected on alder (Alnus), Berrien
County, Michigan (R. F. Hussey), while the writer has taken a pair of
typical specimens on birch (Betula) along with the above described color
variety.

Psallus clavicornis, n. sp.

Allied to piceicola Kngt., and very similar in form and color although
smaller; distinguished by the short and strongly thickened second antennal
segment.

Q. Length 2 mm., width .92 mm. Head: width .50 mm., vertex .31
mm. Rostrum: length 1 mm., reaching upon base of ovipositor. An-
tennae: segment I, length .18 mm., strongly thickened, more slender
toward base; II, .38 mm., fusiform, equal to thickness (.60 mm.) of seg-
ment I; JII, .27 mm., slender, yellowish, fuscous on apical half; IV, .19
mm., slender, dusky; first two segments dark reddish brown. Pronotum:
length .38 mm., width at base .81 mm. Coloration and pubescence
nearly identical with piceicola Kngt. except legs dark reddish brown, the
tibiae paler.

Holotype: @ June 27, 1926, Drury, Maryland, swept from Pinus vir-
giniana found growing on the sandy area near the Patuxent River and
handed to me in the net by Dr. H. E. Ewing; author’s collection. Para-
types: & Q March 3, 1880, Washington, D. C. (Pergande), ‘‘found
feeding upon mealy bug.’”’ The male is mutilated and unfit for descrip-
tion.

Diaphnidia heidemanni, n. sp.

Distinguished from others of the genus by the short, transverse pro-
notum, with distinct transverse impression behind calli; membrane pale
with veins and areoles green.

@. Length 4.4 mm., width 1.836 mm. Head: width .80 mm., vertex
.38 mm.; vertex much flattened, eyes prominent. Rostrum, length .74
mm., only reaching to middle of sternum. Antennae: segment I, length
.52 mm., thickness .13 mm., clothed with recumbent, stiff pubescence
- and bearing six or seven erect bristles which in length about equal thick-
ness of segment; II, 1.43 mm., cylindrical, thickness .06 mm.; III, 1.57
mm., longer and more slender than II; IV, .60 mm.; pale, tinged with
green, scarcely dusky apically. Pronotum: length .41 mm., width at
base 1 mm., width apically .71 mm., lateral margins straight, basal margin
gently arcuate anteriorly, disk flat, a distinct transverse impression delimit-
ing posterior margins of calli; mesoscutum broadly exposed, scutellum
moderately convex.

Clothed with simple, rather prominent pale pubescence; head, prono-
tum, and margins of hemelytra set with prominent, longer pubescent
hairs. Hemelytra uniformly bluish green, areoles and veins of the same
color, membrane otherwise pale. Legs pale to greenish, pale pubescent,
tibial spinules brownish.

3s >

14 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

o'. Length 4.3 mm., width 1.36 mm. Head: width .86 mm., vertex
.324 mm. Antennae: segment I, length .53 mm.; II, 1.45 mm.; III, 1.58
mm.; 1V, .60 mm. Pronotum: length .41 mm., width at base .98 mm.
Very similar to the female in form, pubescence and coloration.

Holotype: Q June 20, 1887, Washington, D. C. (O. Heidemann); U. 8.
National Museum collection. Allotype: collected with the type; Cornell
University collection. co 3 @ taken with the types. Paratypes: DIS-
TRICT OF COLUMBIA— 9? July 4, @ Oct. 15, 1886, 9 June 15, 1887,
Q@ May 7, 9 May 10, 2 2 June 20, 1888, 2 7 2 2 June 20,2 «6 9 9
June 23, 1890, & June 18, 9 June 19,2 @ July 2, 1891,4 9 July6,2¢
2 2 July 8,3 9 July 10,2 9 July 12, 1893, 2 June 25, 1904, Washington
(O. Heidemann). MARYLAND—2 9@ July 4, 1887, Henson Creek,
Prince Georges Co. (O. Heidemann). Heidemann gave the host plant
as Fraxinus excelsior.

Xenoborus chionanthi, n. sp.

Runs to neglectus Kngt. in my key (Hem. Conn., 1923, p. 567), but
easily distinguished by the pale antennae, and smaller and more ovate
form; coloration and form more suggestive of Neoborus vittiscutis Kngt.,
but easily separated by the generic characters.

9. Length 4.5 mm., width 2mm. Head: width 1.06 mm., vertex .47
mm.; yellowish, tylus and median line of vertex blackish. Rostrum:
length 1.23 mm., reaching upon middle of intermediate coxae. Antennae:
segment I, length .56 mm.; II, 1.4 mm.; III, .80 mm.; IV, .54 mm.; pale
yellowish, scarcely dusky on apex. Pronotum: length .94 mm., width
at base 1.68 mm.; lateral margins ecarinate, calli prominent, blackish on
disk of each; yellowish, propleura and a ray-like cloud behind each callus
fuscous. Scutellum pale yellowish, mesoscutum dark brown or fuscous.
Sternum brownish, sides of thorax blackish.

Pubescence prominent, pale yellowish. Coloration pale yellowish, heme-
lytra subtranslucent; clavus bordering scutellum and commissure, embo-
lium except apex, corium exterior to radial vein although curving inward
across apex, dark brownish black. Cuneus uniformly pale translucent.
Membrane uniformly dark fuscous, pale bordering cuneus and anal area.
Legs uniformly pale yellowish, tips of tarsi and claws brownish. Venter
brownish yellow, sides somewhat darker.

3. Length 4mm., width 1.7 mm. Head: width 1 mm., vertex .38 mm.
Antennae: segment I, length .53 mm.; II, 1.33 mm.; III, .62 mm.; IV,
44 mm. Pronotum: length .83 mm., width at base 1.45 mm. Pubes-
cence and coloration similar to female.

Holotype: 2 July 20, 1926, Plummers Island, Maryland (H. H. Knight);
author’s collection. Allotype: same data as the type. Paratypes: 6 9,
collected with the types on fringe tree (Chionanthus virginica) ; two nymphs
were also taken and feeding spots noted on the leaves) MARYLAND—
Plummers Island: 9 July 4, 1908 (O. Heidemann). @ July 8, 1906,
@ Aug. 8, 1907, 2 9 July 20, 1926 (W. L. McAtee). @ June 6, 1905
(D. H. Clemons). o& 5 2 July, 1907 (Wm. Palmer). 9 July 8 (EH. A.
Schwarz). @ Aug. 25, 1904 (R. P. Currie). VIRGINIA— 9? June 13,

Knight—Twelve New Species of Miridae. 15

1908, Great Falls (0. Heidemann), @ Aug. 30, 1916, Dunn-Loring (W. L.
McAtee).

Xenoborus chionanthi nigrellus, n. var.

Similar in structure to the typical form but differing in the black color.
Hemelytra and pronotum except median line of disk, black; mesoscutum,
base of scutellum and vitta on median line extending to middle, black;
head brown with median line and tylus black; legs and antennae uniformly
pale.

Type: & July 20, 1926, Plummers Island, Maryland (H. H. Knight);
author’s collection.

Dichrooscytus tinctipennis, n. sp.
{Dichrooscytus elegans Knight, Hemiptera Conn., 1923, p. 597.

Allied to viridicans Kngt., but distinguished by the broader vertex and
reddish hemelytra.

o. Length 3.7 mm., width 1.5 mm. Head: width .83 mm., vertex
.255mm. Rostrum: length 1.18 mm., scarcely attaining posterior margins
of hind coxae, yellowish brown, darker on apex. Antennae: segment I,
length .326 mm., not equal to width of vertex; II, 1.36 mm.; III, .50 mm.;
IV, .42 mm. Pronotum: length .64 mm., width at base 1.18 mm.

Clothed with soft brownish, simple pubescence, pale or yellowish on
embolium and legs. General coloration yellowish green, more distinctly
green on pronotum and tibiae; corium, clavus, and inner apical half of
cuneus, reddish; base and outer margin of cuneus paler. Membrane uni-
formly light fuscous, veins reddish, an opaque white callous mark border-
ing apical angle of larger areole.

9. Length 3.6 mm., width 1.6 mm. Head: width .89 mm., vertex
.43 mm. Antennae: segment I, length .326 mm.; II, 1.27 mm.; III,
.59 mm.; IV, .43 mm. Pronotum: length .66 mm., width at base 1.3 mm.
Slightly more robust than the male but very similar in pubescence and
coloration.

Holotype: & June 19, 1915, Batavia, New York (H. H. Knight); author’s
collection. Allotype: same data as the type. Paratypes: 100 @ 9 taken
with the types on white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.). 29 # 2 June 27,
1915, Portageville. New York (H. H. Knight), breeding on Juniperus
virginiana. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—8 &@ @ June 15, 1891, 9
June 18, 1897, Washington (O. Heidemann). GEHORGIA—@ June 8,
1917, Stone Mountain (H. H. Knight). KANSAS—¢@, Riley County
(Marlatt). MARYLAND—@ May 24, 1914, Plummers Island (W. L.
McAtee). MINNESOTA— 9 July 20, 1920, Gray Cloud Island (H. H.
Knight). NEW JERSEY—@ May, o May 29, Lakehurst (Wm. T.
Davis). VIRGINIA—@ June 2, 1917, Soudan (H. H. Knight). @ 9
Fairfax County (O. Heidemann).

Both tinctipennis and viridicans Kngt. breed on red cedar, the latter
species being distinguished by the green color and narrow vertex; width
of vertex not greater than length of the first antennal segment. This

16 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

eastern species has usually been identified as elegans Uhler, a species de-
scribed from New Mexico. During the past summer (1926) I have exam-
ined the types in the U. 8. National Museum and find elegans Uhler to
be entirely different, in fact more closely allied to vittatus Van D.

Phytocoris junipericola, n. sp.

Allied to angustulus Reut., but smaller and more uniformly yellowish;
distinguished by the shorter first antennal segment which is not equal to
width of head.

3. Length 4.1 mm., width 1.5 mm. Head: width .81 mm., vertex
.24 mm. Rostrum: length 1.54 mm., reaching upon eighth ventral seg-
ment. Antennae: segment I, length .72 mm., greenish yellow, set with
several brownish setae which in length exceed thickness of segment; II,
1.74 mm., yellowish brown, apical half becoming infuscated; III, .89 mm.,
blackish; IV, .42 mm., blackish. Pronotum: length .65 mm., width at
base 1.45 mm.

Clothed with golden brown to dusky, simple pubescence. General
coloration brownish yellow and tinged with greenish; head, pronotum,
and scutellum without infuscations; corium with an oblique fuscous mark
just before middle and a second one across inner apical angle, both directed
obliquely mesad; apex of cuneus, and two spots along membrane margin,
one at base and one near middle, black. Membrane and veins uniformly
dark fuscous with vein at apex of larger areole pale. Legs yellowish, dor-
sal aspect of femora shaded with hght fuscous, leaving a few small yellow
dots on apical half; hind tibiae pale, impunctate, set with brown spines.
Genital segment fuscous on base; claspers distinctive although exhibiting
a close relationship with angustulus Reut.

Q. Length 4.3 mm., width 1.6 mm. Head: width .838 mm., vertex
.34mm. Antennae: segment I, length .77 mm.; II, 1.8 mm.; III, .92 mm.;
IV, .74mm. Pronotum: length .74 mm., width at base 1.38 mm. Simi-
lar to the male in pubescence and coloration.

Holotype: & July 25, 1926, Washington, D. C. (H. H. Knight); author’s
collection. Allotype: same data as type. Paratypes: 3 o& 1192, taken
with the types on Juniperus virginiana; collected on the large red cedars
which grow in the triangle of land between Massachusetts and Cathedral
Avenues west of Wisconsin Avenue. 2 o July 19, topotypic; o Aug. 6,
collected at light, Washington, D. C.; o& July 17, 1926, Glen Echo, Mary-
land (H. H. Knight). 2 o Aug. 3, 1915, Plummers Island, Maryland
(R. C. Shannon and V. A. Roberts).

Junipericola runs to group III in my key to Phytocoris (Hem. Conn.,
1923, p. 615), placing it with a group of conifer inhabiting species. On
the basis of genitalia this species is most closely allied to angustulus Reut.,
which form is placed in group II of my key due to the longer antennae.
P. angustulus Reut. occurs on hemlock (T’suga canadensis), and thus it
is interesting to note that its nearest relative breeds on Juniper. Both
species appear to be plant feeding forms as they occur among the terminal
twigs and have the same pigments in the hypodermis as the sap feeding
Parthenicus juniperi (Heid.).

Knight—Twelve New Species of Miridae. 17

Phytocoris purvus, n. sp.

Allied to minutulus Reut., but differs in the shorter antennal segment I,
the uniformly black segment II with narrow pale annulus only at base,
in the larger eyes and narrow vertex, subapical black marks on scutellum,
and in structure of the genital claspers.

o. Length 5.5 mm., width 1.9 mm. Head: width 1.05 mm., vertex
.22 mm.; eyes large and prominent, vertex chiefly pale, front with six
transverse dark lines, lower frons and tylus black, a V-shaped white mark
on basal half of tylus, juga white with transverse blackish mark on dorsal
half, lora black with pale on lower margin which joins the pale color on
the much reduced genae and gula. Rostrum: length 2.6 mm., extending
upon fifth ventral, pale yellowish, apex brownish black. Antennae: seg-
ment I, length 1.11 mm., only slightly greater than width of head, black,
pale on ventral side, the black broken by several moderate white spots, a
white seta arising from each spot; II, 2.8 mm., black, narrowly pale at
base; III, 1.45 mm., black, narrowly pale at base; IV, 1.09 mm., black.
Pronotum: length .83 mm., width at base 1.51 mm.; fuscous to black,
paler on calli and central area of disk, lower margin of propleura pale.
Scutellum pale, with a pair of well defined brownish black, subapical,
marginal spots. Sternum pale, sides and pleura blackish.

Dorsum darker than in minutulus, hemelytra rather uniformly fuscous,
with pale spots on embolium, and somewhat paler on middle of corium.
Clothed with fuscous, simple pubescence and intermixed with white serice-
ous pubescence which occurs in numerous spots. Membrane pale, speckled
with numerous small brownish to fuscous spots, the preapical area and
margins of areoles more evenly fuscous; veins fuscous, white around apices
of areoles. Legs blackish and marked with white spots much as eximius,
spots more or less confluent, forming a well defined preapical white annulus.
Genital claspers distinctive, left clasper with inner arm much flattened,
broader than in fumatus Reut.; right clasper shaped much as in quercicola
Knegt.

Q. Length 5.38 mm., width 2mm. Head: width .95 mm., vertex .34
mm. Antennae: segment I, length 1.18 mm.; II, 2.6 mm.; III, 1.37 mm.;
IV, .98 mm. Pronotum: length .84 mm., width at base 1.52 mm. Very
similar to the male in pubescence and coloration.

Holotype: & June 14, 1912, Plummers Island, Maryland (H. Barber);
U. S. N. M. collection. Allotype: 9 June 30, 1926, Washington, D. C.
(H. H. Knight); author’s collection. Paratypes: MARYLAND—<o June
18, Great Falls (H.S. Barber). co June 23, 1913, Jacksons Island (Shan-
non & Barber). @ Aug. 3, 1915, Plummers Island (R. C. Shannon), at
light.

Phytocoris difficilis, n. sp.

Allied to conspurcatus Kngt., but larger; distinguished by the dark femora
with small pale spots only; propleura without pale mark across dorsal
margin of coxal cleft.

9. Length 5.6 mm., width 2.34 mm. Head: width 1.06 mm., vertex

18 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

42mm. Rostrum: length 2.8 mm., reaching to base of ovipositor. An-
tennae: segment I, length 1.36 mm.; II, 2.54 mm.; III, 1.51 mm., black,
with pale band only at base; IV, 1 mm.; marked with pale as in con-
spurcatus except segment III. Pronotum: length 1 mm., width at base
1.76 mm.; propleura black, with lower margin only yellowish.

Pubescence nearly as in conspurcatus, but with fewer white scale-like
hairs and more of the black. Coloration suggestive of conspurcatus but
hemelytra with less fuscous, the hypodermis distinctly yellowish; the
oblique fuscous mark on apical area of corium very distinct on the pale
yellowish background. Femora black, although more or less pale at base,
the dark color speckled with small yellowish spots which do not coalesce
to form bands; suggestive of spicatus Kngt. in this respect.

Holotype: @ July 3, 1926, Beltsville, Maryland (H. H. Knight); author’s
collection. Paratypes: 2 July 19, 2 Sept. 15, Lakehurst, New Jersey
(Wm. T. Davis). The type was collected on an isolated tree of Pinus
virginiana, and with the Lakehurst specimens coming from a pine area,
a host relationship is strongly suggested. The New Jersey specimens have
been set aside for some time as an unnamed species, awaiting more material
or the male sex for description. With the collecting of a perfectly pre-
served female the description of the species seems justified.

7, 0623

Vol. 40, pp. 19-22 March 5, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE patra

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

| MAR? 1634

ON SOME ASIATIC CLERIDAE (CQHJasi,.0 00 a
eR ee”

a 3 ~ iter”
tenner os
el

brn ah eal

BY EDWARD A. CHAPIN.

A few specimens of Asiatic Cleridae from various sources have
come to hand for incorporation in the National Collection and
for two species there appear to be no available names. Names
are proposed for these in this paper. Notes on the Cleridae
collected by T. D. A. Cockerell and David C. Graham are also
included.

Opilo grahami, new species.

Form elongate-parallel; head, thorax, a sutural spot on the posterior
half of the elytra and apices of the femora castaneous, elytra, abdomen
and appendages other than mentioned above pale, the antennae and trophi
darker. Head coarsely, densely and rather rugosely punctured. Pro-
notum longer than broad (34:26), sides feebly rounded, disc depressed,
posterior transverse impression deep and narrow and behind this is a
transverse cariniform elevation. Anteriorly there is an area which is
almost impunctate, posteriorly there is a smaller impunctate and very
shining area having the form of an acute triangle. These areas are con-

nected by a very narrow carina which follows the median line of the hi
pronotum and which is bounded by grooves formed by partially coalesced ;
punctures. The rest of the disc is irregularly set with very coarse punc- if
tures, on the flanks the punctures are replaced by a coarse rugosity. The Wis
scutellum is dark brown and finely punctured. The elytra are testaceous
and each bears nine rows of large quadrate punctures on its basal half, Hye
the normally present tenth row is only feebly indicated, and at, the humeral ne
callus the fifth to ninth rows are obsolete. On the apical half and es- i
pecially at the apex the punctures become smaller, some of the rows are )

double and for the most part there is no regular arrangement. On the
apical half there is a piceous sutural spot common to the two elytra; it
is roughly pentagonal in shape, one side is perpendicular to the suture
basally, the opposite angle is on the suture apically. In front of this spot
there is a narrow extension of the dark which runs from the suture obliquely
toward the humerus but which fails to reach the humerus by more than
8—Proc. Bion. Soc. WasH., Vou. 40, 1927. (19)

20 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

its own length. Under parts of the thorax are finely and densely punc-
tured, the abdomen more coarsely and less densely so. Coxae and apical
halves of femora piceous, trochanters and basal halves of femora pale,
tibiae and tarsi castaneous. The entire insect is set with long erect pale
hairs.

Length: male, 13.5 mm.; female, 16.5 mm.

Locality Near Cheng-tu, Sze-chuan province, China.

D. C. Graham, collector, 1924.

Type.—Male, U.S. N. M., No. 40245, paratype, a female, same data.

Other than size, the most noticeable difference between the two speci-
mens before me is in the intensity of the coloration; the elytral marking
being noticeably darker in the female. The species appears to be closely
related to O. triangulus Schklg., described from Cochinchina and may be
distinguished from it by the location of the elytral spot, which, in O. tri-
angulus, is on the lateral margin at the middle of the length.

Pseudoclerops sinae, new species.

Less robust than P. dealbatus Kr., which it closely resembles and with
golden pubescence instead of white. Head, pronotum and apical three-
fifths of elytra black, under parts (except prothorax) and basal two-fifths
of elytra castaneous, elytra with a transverse fascia of golden hairs at
apical fourth. Head moderately coarsely and densely punctured, rather
sparsely pubescent with pale hairs, the occipital region densely pilose with
golden hairs in the male only. Antennae castaneous, the outer segments
slightly darker. Trophi castaneous. Pronotum almost equilateral (26:
27), finely, evenly and rather densely punctured, pubescence fairly dense,
black with a few pale hairs on the flanks. Elytra with rows of large,
deeply excavated pits on the castaneous portion, the rows are continued
onto the black, the pits being replaced by quadrate punctures which
diminish in size toward the apex. On the basal half the interspaces are
furnished with rows of setiferous tubercles. The extreme apices of the
elytra carry rather coarse round punctures which are not arranged in
any regular sequence. At the junction of the castaneous and black por-
tions there are three more or less inconspicuous patches of golden hairs,
one of which is sutural and common to the two elytra, the others are on
the external margins. The transverse fascia at apical fourth is composed
of two parts, the hairs forming the cephalad half of the band are for the
most part directed toward the suture, those forming the caudad half toward
the external margin. The band is about two-fifths as wide as the length
of the pronotum. The under parts of the body are finely and rather
densely punctured and rather sparsely pubescent. The proximal portions
of the femora and the entire tarsi are castaneous, the distal portions of the
femora and the tibiae are darker.

Length: 9 mm. (type) to 11 mm.

Locality.—Yen-ping, Foo-chow province (type and three paratypes;
Che-kiang province (one paratype), China.

Paratypes.—U. S. N. M., No. 40246. Type and female paratype from
Yen-ping in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History,

Chapin—On Some Asiatic Cleridae (Col.). 21

the remaining paratypes, two males and one female, in the United States
National Museum. I am indebted for the opportunity to study the
Yen-ping material to the American Museum staff, notably Mr. A. J.
Mutchler.

This species differs from P. dealbatus Kr. in the color of the pubescence,
in the peculiar arrangement of the hairs in the subapical fascia (in P.
dealbatus Kr. the hairs are all directed apically) and in the extension of
the rows of elytral punctures to include the subapical fascia.

Among the insects collected during July and August, 1923, in the Mari-
time Province, Siberia, by T. D. A. Cockerell, are two species of Cleridae.
They are (1) Pseudoclerops dealbatus Kraatz, a single specimen from Kon-
gaus, August, and (2) twelve specimens of Trichodes irkutensis Laxmann.
Six of these are from the Kudia River district at Amagu, taken in July,
the rest from Kongaus in August.

The rich collections of David C. Graham have included three species
of this family, one of which, an Opilo, is described above as new. The
above species are (1) Tllus notatus Klug, two specimens from Sui-fu,
Sze-chuan province, May, 1925, and (2) eight specimens of T'richodes sinae
Chevr. from various localities as follows: Sui-fu, May, 1923, and Nov. 11,
1925, three specimens, Mow-chow, July 9, 1924, three specimens, Uen-
chuan, August, 1924, one specimen and ‘‘near Song-pan,” July 12-13, 1924,
one specimen. All of these specimens agree best with the description of
T. sinae Chevr. var. frivadszkyi Reitter but there is so much variation dis-
played in the series that it is doubtful whether there is any use in trying
to apply varietal names in this species.

WT, OC? >

Vol. 40, pp. 23-24 March 5, 1927
PROCEEDINGS wn

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON |,

i Aon,

: Ud ay CP) Se a

NOTE ON THE GENUS IRENA HOR aL ee

1eN dish JedUb open

Oberholser? divided the genus Jrena of authors into two:
Irena Horsfield, of which he says the type is Coracias puella
Latham (but this is debatable), and Glauwconympha Oberholser,
type Irena cyanea Begbie. Horsfield* gave only one species,
Irena puella ‘‘mihi,” and then quotes Coracias puella Latham.
If he had stopped at this point, there is no doubt that Coracias
puella Latham would be the type of Irena Horsfield, but he
gave a description of his Irena puella, founded on a Javan
specimen. This later proved not to be Coracias puella Latham
and was named Jrena turcosa Walden.‘ Therefore, the type
of Irena Horsfield is Irena puella Horsfield (not Coracias puella
Latham), which equals [rena turcosa Walden, and Sharpe® was
right in stating the type of the genus to be the latter. This is
unimportant, since I agree with Stuart Baker‘ in regarding Irena
puella and Irena cyanea as not only congeneric but conspecific.
Therefore, Glauconympha Oberholser becomes a synonym of
Irena Horsfield.

The genus Irena, however, as given in Sharpe’s Hand-List,
vol. 3, 1901, pp. 308-309, naturally divides into two sections,
for the first of which I propose

Irenella, gen. nov.

Type, Irena cyanogastra Vigors. Upper and under tail-coverts short,
less than half the length of tail, the mantle with normal feathers, the sexes
similar; and

1Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
2Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1917, p. 539.

3Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. 13, 1821, p. 153.

4Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), vol. 5, 1870, p. 417.

5Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., vol. 6, 1881, p. 174.

6Fauna Brit. India, Birds, vol. 3, 2d ed., 1926, p. 1.

4—Proc. Biot. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 40, 1927. (23)

24 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Trena Horsfield.

Type, Irena puella Horsfield (Irena turcosa Walden). The males with
prolonged upper and under tail-coverts, more than half the length of tail,
the mantle with specialized, glossy, wax-like feathers, the sexes unlike.

The first contains only the first three names in Sharpe’s list, cited above,
and is confined to the Philippines; the second comprises the remainder of
the species, of wider distribution, from South India to the Malay Penin-
sula, Java, Borneo, Sumatra, Palawan, and neighboring islands. This
is a more logical arrangement, both from a distributional and structural
standpoint than that proposed by Dr. Oberholser.

Irena tweeddalii Sharpe, of Balabac, Palawan, and Calamianes, is a
somewhat aberrant member of the genus Jrena, as here set forth. The
upper tail-coverts are shorter than half the length of the tail, but the
other characters hold, and the style of coloration agrees with the type of
the genus. Palawan, Balabac, and Calamianes in their faunal affinities
are Bornean, rather than Philippine.

Val. 40, pp. 25-28 March 5, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WAS

THE SPOTTED ROCK WRENS OF CENTRAL AMERICA: a

BY DONALD R. DICKEY AND A. J. VAN ROSSEM.

The uncertainty which has existed in regard to the relation-
ships of the three described forms of the ‘guttatus’ group of
rock wrens has been largely due to the lack of typical specimens
of Salpinctes guttatus Salvin and Godman in this country. Dur-
ing a recent field trip to Salvador, an adequate series of topo-
types of this species was secured on Volcan San Miguel, and
the writers are thus enabled to clear up some of the points
involved. In this connection we have been privileged to ex-
amine practically all of the specimens of this group available
in this country. Unfortunately all of these birds are not
strictly comparable in age and plumage, but specimens are at
hand from all the general area known to be occupied by the
group. The material is as follows: one adult from Joyabaj,
Quiché, Guatemala; 24 adults and 20 juveniles from Salvador;
6 juveniles from Volcan El Viejo, Nicaragua; and 5 adults and
5 juveniles from Volcan Miravalles, Costa Rica. We are in-
debted to the authorities of the American Museum, the Carnegie
Museum, the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and the United
States National Museum, for the comparative material neces-
sary for this study.

The series of 17 adult topotypes of guttatus from Volcan San Miguel,
Salvador, exhibits an extraordinary variation in the density and shape
of the markings of the under parts. The birds vary from a lightly marked
extreme, with narrow and diffused streaking on chin and throat, and
with the spotting on chest and barring on flanks greatly reduced, to a
type in which the bold blackish maculations almost obscure the ground
color. Some individuals are prominently and conspicuously barred on

1Contribution from the California Institute of Technology.
5—Proc. Brox. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 40, 1927. (25)

26 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

the flanks, while in others the spotting extends back to the under tail
coverts. There is also much variation in ground color, irrespective of
density of marking. Some birds have strongly brownish flanks and a
decided buffy tone in the whole posterior under parts, while others are
grayish-white with only a slight pinkish tinge on the flanks. As an aver-
age thing, the females are much less heavily marked than the males. But
this distinction between the sexes is only relative, for some females are
more heavily marked than the average of the males. Our series of 7
adults from Volean Conchagua, and Colinas de Jucuaran, Salvador, are
slightly whiter as to ground color, with fainter markings below, as average
characters. However, this difference is so slight as to be almost negligible,
and every individual can be matched from the San Miguel series. The
single available adult female from Quiché, Guatemala, No. 150,905, U.S.
National Museum, is one of the two specimens upon which Mr. Ridgway
based his Salpinctes maculatus. This specimen is exactly duplicated by
No. 17,598 of the Dickey collection from Volcan San Miguel, Salvador,
save that the latter is very slightly darker dorsally. There are, however,
other San Miguel birds which are paler, and others which are darker in
this respect. Dr. Alexander Wetmore has kindly compared the type of
maculatus with selected specimens of guttatus from San Miguel and Con-
chagua, and believes them identical. We had reached the same con-
clusion, after comparing the above topotype of maculatus with our topotype
series of guttatus. On the basis of available material it would therefore
seem best to consider maculatus a synonym of gutiatus. On the other
hand, a fully representative series of maculatus might well disclose mass
variation in the direction of the ‘obsoletus’ group. The 5 adults we have
seen from Volcan Miravalles, Costa Rica, are in such excessively abraded
plumage as to be worthless for comparison purposes.

Turning now to the juveniles, it is found that 10 birds from Volcan
San Miguel, Salvador, in freshly acquired plumage, are very much darker,
more sooty (less brownish), and more coarsely variegated dorsally, than
comparable Nicaraguan and Costa Rican juveniles. The 10 juveniles
from Conchagua and Jucuaran, Salvador, are in worn, faded plumage and
therefore paler than those from San Miguel, but the backs are just as
coarsely variegated and, like the adults, there can be no doubt but that
they are quite typical of gutiatus. For the Nicaraguan birds the name
Salpinctes fasciatus Salvin and Godman is, of course, available. The
differences, though pronounced, are fully bridged by individual variation,
and the race should therefore stand as Salpinctes guttatus fasciatus. In
mass, the Costa Rican birds are even paler than the Nicaraguan series,
but they are so close to the latter that we hesitate to give them a name.

In conclusion we wish again to emphasize that fresh, comparable speci-
mens may not only show maculatus to be a valid race, but may also justify
the separation of the Costa Rican bird. The above arrangement is ad-
mittedly tentative, for our present understanding of the group is based
on material which is in some ways still too scanty to be entirely satisfactory.

The group nomenclature and ranges, as here revised, are as follows:

Dickey & Van Rossem—The Spotted Rock Wrens of C. A. 27

Salpinctes guttatus guttatus Salvin and Godman.
SALVADOR SPOTTED ROCK WREN.

Salpinctes obsoletus (not Troglodytes obsoleta Say) Salvin and Godman,
Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, I, 1880, p. 71, part (Volean Conchagua, Sal-
vador, alt. 4,000 feet).

Salpinctes guttatus Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 6th ser., 3, Oct. 1891, 609
(Volean San Miguel, Salvador, alt. 4,000 feet)—Ridgway, Bull. 50,
U.S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3, 1904, p. 653, part (Volcan San Miguel; Volean
Conchagua?).

Salpinctes maculatus Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, Nov. 30, 1903,
p. 169 (Toyabaj [=Joyabaj], Quiché, Guatemala).—Bull. 50, U. S.
Nat. Mus., pt. 3, 1904, 651 (crit.).

Range.—Rocky highlands from north-central Guatemala (Joyabaj, De-
partment of Quiché), south to Salvador (Volean San Miguel; Colinas de
Jucuaran; Volcan Conchagua).

Salpinctes guttatus fasciatus Salvin and Godman.
NICARAGUA SPOTTED ROCK WREN.

Salpinctes fasciatus Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 6th ser., 3, Oct. 1891, p.
610 (Volcan El Viejo, Nicaragua, alt. 6,500 feet).—Ridgway, Bull. 50,
U.S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3, 1904, p. 653 (Volcan El Viejo).

Salpinctes guttatus (not of Salvin and Godman) Underwood, Ibis, 1896,
p. 433 (Miravalles, Costa Rica).—Ridgway, Bull. 50, U. S. Nat. Mus.,
pt. 3, 1904, p. 653, part (Volean Miravalles).—Carriker, Birds of Costa
Rica, 1910, p. 754 (Volcan Miravalles, alt. 2,000 feet).

Range.—Northwestern Nicaragua (Volcan El Viejo, Department of
Chinandega), south to northwestern Costa Rica (Volcan Miravalles, De-
partment of Guanacaste).

RO
—

> 2 a eS — oF

Vol. 40, pp. 29-30 March 5, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

NEW NAMES FOR TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS.

BY ELLSWORTH P. KILLIP.

In the course of recent study of collections from tropical
America the following new binomials have been found neces-
sary:

Leperiza miniata (Herb.) Killip.
Penilandia miniata Herb. in Edwards’ Bot. Reg. 25: under pl. 68. 1839.

Sphaerotele coccinea Link, Kl. & Otto, Icon. Pl. pl. 38. 1841.
Urceolina miniata Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 3: 732. 1883.

The earliest available name for the amaryllidaceous genus usually known
as Urceolina Reichenb. (1828) is Leperiza Herb.? (1821).
Leperiza microcrater (Kranzl.) Killip.
Urceolina microcrater Kranzl. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 54: Beibl. 117: 3. 1916.

Leperiza urceolata (R. & P.) Killip.

Crinum urceolatum R. & P. Fl. Peruv. Chil. 3: 58. pl. 287, f. b. 1802.
Urceolaria pendula Herb. in Edwards’ Bot. Reg. 1821: App. 28. 1821.
Collania urceolata Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 7: 893. 1830.
Urceolina urceolata Herb. Amaryllidac. 193. 1837.

Urceolina aurea Lindl. Gard. Chron. 1864: 627, 890. 1864.

Myriocarpa yzabalensis (Donn. Smith) Killip.

Myriocarpa longipes var. yzabalensis Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 16: 13.
1891.

1Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
2In Edwards’ Bot. Reg. 1821: App. 41. 1821.

(| MART 1834
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Re = ee

6—Proc. Bion. Soc. Wass., Vou. 40, 1927. (29). 3%

ee ane
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7. O06 a3 ae i ' 3

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LN De
Vol. 40, pp. 31-42 iN | MAR 7 i, ps
PROCEEDINGS*S. eye
OF THE Se

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

A REVISION OF THE GOLDEN WARBLERS,
DENDROICA PETECHIA (LINNE).

BY JAMES L. PETERS.

The Yellow Warbler (Dendroica aestiva) of North America
is represented in the West Indies, Cozumel Island, the west
coast of Colombia and Ecuador, and the Galapagos Archi-
pelago by a closely allied species (Dendroica petechia), differing
specifically in the primary formula, length of the wing-tip,
and relative proportions of the wing and tail. In other words,
the structural differences are exactly those that might be ex-
pected to develop between a migratory and a sedentary species.
A slight color difference also is found. In D. petechia the
pileum varies from ochraceous to chestnut, and the extent of
this color likewise varies. In D. aestiva the pileum is golden
yellow.

The external structural differences between the two species may be.
seen from the following table:

Dendroica aestiva. Dendroica petechia.
7th, 8th and 9th primaries equal 7th and 8th primaries longest; 9th
and longest. generally shorter than (some-
wing-tip 34 (or more) length of times equal to) 6th.
tarsus. wing-tip less than 34 length of
tail not over 4/5 length of wing. tarsus.

tail over 4/5 (generally about 85%)
length of wing.

For convenience I call Dendroica petechia the Golden Warbler, reserving
the familiar Yellow Warbler for Dendroica aestiva; Mangrove Warbler
is most appropriate to D. rufigula, D. erithachorides, and the various races
of D. bryantt.

Dendroica petechia occurs on nearly all the islands of the West Indies
except St. Lucia, St. Vincent, and some of the Grenadines. It is replaced

7—Proc. Bion. Soc. WasH., Vou. 40, 1927. (31)

32 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

on Martinique by a very distinct species (Dendroica rufigula Baird) whose
nearest affinities are with Dendroica erithachorides Baird of northern
Colombia, Panama, and the Pearl Islands. Indeed rufigula is little more
than a small counterpart of its mainland relative, but its characters are
so trenchant that I prefer to regard it as a species distinct from eritha-
chorides.

In addition to its widespread distribution in the West Indies, D. petechia
occurs on the islands off the north coast of Venezuela from Aruba to
Margarita, on Cozumel Island off the east coast of Yucatan, on St. An-
drews Island in the Caribbean Sea, in the Galapagos Archipelago, and
on the west coast of Colombia and Ecuador. It is absent from the rest
of the South American mainland and from the islands of Trinidad and
Tobago.

Ridgway! recognized two species covering the distribution just outlined,
with an aggregate of eleven races. In this paper I have reduced the num-
ber of species to one, since the characters separating petechia from rufi-
capilla are merely those of degree, wholly or partly bridged by individual
variation, but I have increased the number of recognized forms to fifteen.

Some forms appear to be confined strictly to the mangroves, others
frequent the dry bushy pastures as well; none of them occur in the forests.

In song, call-notes and general attitude the resemblance of all of them
to D. aestiva is very striking.

I am indebted to the authorities of the Field Museum and the American
Museum of Natural History for the loan of necessary specimens.

Dendroica petechia eoa (Gosse).

Sylvicola eoa Gosse, Bds. Jam., 1847, p. 158 (Crab Pond, Jamaica.)

Dendroeca petechia e. jamaicensis Sundevall, Ofv. K. Vet-Akad. Férh.
Stockholm, 26, 1870, p. 608.

Dendroica auricapilla Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 10, sig. 36, 6 Aug.
1888, p. 572 (Grand Cayman).

Dendroica petechia auct. nec Linné.

Description — Adult male. Above bright yellowish olive green, yellower
on the rump; crown more or less ochraceous-orange, forehead generally
clear yellow; lesser and median coverts broadly edged with yellow with
dusky centers and bases; primaries, secondaries and greater coverts dusky,
less broadly edged and the yellow more olive except on the inner secondar-
ies; below sides of head, lores, superciliary and auriculars uniform brilliant
yellow streaked on the breast and sides with cinnamon rufous or light
reddish chestnut. Central tail feathers dusky, narrowly edged with
yellowish; balance of the feathers dusky on the outer web and terminal
part of the inner web; rest of inner web yellow.

Adult female. Above much darker and greener than the male and
lacking the yellow forehead and rufous crown; edging to the wing and
wing coverts, narrower and more greenish; below yellow less brilliant,

1Birds of No. and Mid. Am. 2, 1902, pp. 515-526.

Peters—A Revision of the Golden Warblers. 33

and chestnut streaks usually lacking, sometimes indicated; yellow areas
in the tail less extensive.

Measurements.—Male. Wing, 61-68 (64.6); tail, 51-61 (55.45); bill
from base, 14-15 (14.43); tarsus, 20.5-23 (21.5). Female.—Wing, 56-63.5
(61.03); tail, 52-58 (53.75); bill from base, 18-15 (14.35); tarsus, 19-22.5
(20.5).

Range.—Jamaica and the Caymans (Little Cayman, Grand Cayman,
Cayman Brac). Confined exclusively to the mangroves.

Specimens examined.—Jamaica: 8 o', 7 9; Grand Cayman: 8 o, 4 2;
Cayman Brac: 2 o; Little Cayman: 1 0, 1. 9.

For many years Motacilla petechia Linné has been applied to the Jamaican
Golden Warbler, but this name is not applicable here, as will be shown.
Motacilla petechia is based on two references; the first to Brisson (Orn.
3, 1760, p. 488) and the second to Edwards (Gleanings, 1, 1758, p. 99,
pl. 256) and as Brisson’s bird in turn is founded on Edwards, only the
second of the two references need be considered.

The plate represents a male of one of the West Indian Golden Warblers,
not a form of Dendroica aestiva, because the pileum is shown as red; the text
tells us that the bird is drawn natural size, but that its origin is unknown.
Edwards believed it to have come from North America, because a speci-
men that he considered to be a female of this species had been sent him
from Pennsylvania by Bartram. Of course this has no bearing on the
bird figured and described, besides I feel sure that the “‘female”’ referred
to is Dendroica palmarum hypochrysea Ridgway. Comparing specimens
from Jamaica with Edwards’ plate, we are struck at once by two glaring
discrepancies: in the first place the pileum of the figure is red, not orange-
brown, and the size is small, wing 56 mm.; the bill, too, is longer and more
slender than in Jamaican examples. That the color of the pileum is not
the result of an error in coloring the plate is shown by Edwards’ statement
that ‘‘the top of the head is red.”

There is a race of the Golden Warbler that agrees with Edwards’ plate
in all particulars, that is, the bird from Barbados, heretofore known as
Dendroica capitalis Lawrence, a form characterized by its smaller size,
relatively long and slender bill, and by having the pileum deep chestnut
or bay, of a shade that might easily be called “‘red.”’ Thus petechia must
be transferred to the bird from Barbados, while for the Jamaican bird
we must use Gosse’s Sylvicola eoa. I have no hesitation whatever in
applying this name. When Mr. Outram Bangs was in London during
the spring of 1925 he made a special point of examining the type specimens
of Dendroica eoa in the British Museum, and he tells me that there is
nothing really peculiar about them. One of the two is an absolutely
normal immature or female; the other has some orange feathers appearing
all through the throat and sides of the neck. In other words, the latter
of the types is one of those very highly colored individuals in which the
yellow becomes orange, just moulting from immature into the adult plum-
age. Gosse appears to have been deceived by believing that the bird that
he called Sylvicola aestiva was a Golden Warbler, while in reality it is a
Palm Warbler (Dendroica palmarum palmarum (Gmelin). Gosse’s plate

34 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

of Sylvicola eoa, published two years after his “‘ Birds of Jamaica,” appears
to be his conception of how that bird should appear when fully adult,
and does not agree with either his description or his types.

It is this highly exaggerated plate of Gosse’s that, during the last seventy-
five years, has deceived ornithologists as to the true identity of Dendroica
eoa. It is of interest to note that Sundevall over fifty years ago did not
believe that Edwards’ plate could represent the Jamaican Golden Warbler,
and on that account re-named the form from that island, not being able
to connect Gosse’s Sylvicola eoa with any form of Dendroica petechia.

I fully agree with the conclusions reached by Bangs! that Golden Warb-
lers from the Caymans are identical with those from Jamaica.

Dendroica petechia gundlachi Baird.

Dendroica gundlachi Baird, Rev. Am. Bds. Apr. 1865, p. 197 (Cuba).
Dendroeca petechia d. cubana Sundevall. Ofv. k. Vet-Akad. Férh. Stock-
holm, 26, 1870, p. 608.

Subspecific characters—Male. Similar to D. p. eoa but duller and
greener above; crown-patch less extensive and more brownish, less orange;
averaging less brilliantly yellow below. Females. More olive above than
the corresponding sex of eoa, and less brilliantly yellow below.

Measurements.—Male: wing, 60.5-68 (64.08); tail, 51-59.5 (55); bill
from base, 13.5-15.5 (14.33); tarsus, 19-22 (20.85). Female: wing, 59-60.5
(59.6); tail, 47.5-54 (50.9); bill from base, 12.5-14 (13.8); tarsus, 19-21.5
(19.8).

Range.—Cuba and the Isle of Pines. Confined exclusively to the Man-
groves (Barbour, Todd).

Specimens examined.—Cuba: 12 #, 3 Q; Isle of Pines: 4 o', 1 Q.

Dendroica petechia albicollis (Gmelin).

Motacilla albicollis Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 983 (Santo Do-
mingo, ex Brisson).
Motacilla chloroleuca Gmelin, op. cit. p. 984 (Santo Domingo).

Subspecific characters.—Similar to D. p. eoa but smaller; bill shorter and
more slender than in any of the other forms from the Greater Antilles
and the Bahamas. Male. Upper parts, sides of head and edging of
primaries, secondaries and wing-coverts brighter, more golden yellow (less
olive). Female. Similar in color to the female of D. p. eoa, but sides
of head more golden yellow; forehead with traces of ochraceous.

Measurements.—Male: wing, 61-62.5 (62.75); tail, 53-53.5 (53.25);
bill from base, 13.5-14 (13.75); tarsus, 20.5. Female: wing, 60; tail, 55;
bill from base, 14; tarsus, 20.

Range.—Island of Haiti. Confined to the Mangroves.’

Specimens examined.—2 3, 1 9, Monte Christi, Dominican Republic.

The Brissonian species upon which Gmelin founded his Motacilla albi-

1Bull. M. C. Z. 60, No. 7, 1916, p. 315.
2cf. Peters, Bull. M. C. Z. 61, No. 11, 1917, p. 421-423.

Peters—A Revision of the Golden Warblers. 35

collis and M. chloroleuca both appear to have been based on specimens in
a condition often to be found in examples from certain localities, particu-
larly from Jamaica, Cuba and the Bahamas, in which the amount of
yellow below is reduced and replaced by white, and the olive of the upper
parts interspersed with gray; a condition that does not seem to be defi-
nitely correlated with age. Todd! believes this state of plumage, which,
in the Bahamas, at least, occurs with the greatest frequency among females,
may be due to an incomplete prenuptual moult.

Dendroica petechia flaviceps Chapman.

Dendroica petechia flaviceps Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 4, No. 1,
29, Dec. 1892, p. 310. (Rum Cay, Bahamas).

Subspecific characters —Similar to D. p. gundlachi in the restriction of
the amount and extent of ochraceous in the crown of the male, but more
nearly approaching eoa in coloration; tarsi averaging longer; wing less
rounded,—ninth primary often equal to sixth.

Measurements.—Male: wing, 62-65.5 (63.6); tail, 58-56.5 (55.8); bill
from base, 13.5-15 (14.2); tarsus, 21.5-23 (22.2). Female: wing, 60.75-
62 (61.25); tail, 54.5-58.5 (56.3); bill from base, 15-15.5 (15.2); tarsus,
21-24 (22.5).

Range.—The Bahama Islands. This form appears to be confined to
the mangroves.

Specimens examined.—6 &; 3 9. Andros, Inaugua, Elbow Cay, Rail
Cay.

When Dr. Chapman described the Bahaman Golden Warbler he con-
sidered the Jamaican and Cuban birds identical, and made direct com-
parison with a small series from the former island. As a matter of fact,
flaviceps, as would be expected, is much more nearly related to gundlachi,
from which some specimens are scarcely distinguishable.

The Bahaman Golden Warbler shows a greater tendency towards the
production of the gray and white individuals than do any of the other
races of Dendroica petechia.

Dendroica petechia cruciana Sundevall.

Dendroeca petechia b. cruciana Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet. Akad. Férh. Stock-
holm, 26, 1870, p. 608 (ex ins. St. Croix).

Subspecific characters.—Similar to D. p. eoa, but males with a lesser
extent of ochraceous on the pileum; upper parts slightly more yellowish,
especially on the rump; more heavily streaked beneath.

Measurements.—Male: wing, 62.25-67 (64.4); tail, 50-58 (54.66); bill
from base, 14-16 (15.31); tarsus, 20.5-22 (21.35). Female: wing, 55-64
(59.75); tail, 49.5-53.5 (51.5); bill from base, 15-15.5 (15.25); tarsus,
19.5-20 (19.75).

Range.—Islands of Porto Rico, Vieques Culebra and St. Croix.

Specimens examined.—Porto Rico, 2 o', 1 2; Vieques, 1 o; St. Croix,
Py etlgel i hos

1Ann. Carn. Mus. 7, Nos. 3 and 4, 1991, pp. 4382-433.

36 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

It has long been believed that the Golden Warblers from Porto Rico
to Antigua, inclusive, belonged to one and the same form to which Sunde-
vall’s bartholemica was applied, and of which cruciana was regarded as a
synonym. I was therefore somewhat astonished, after comparison of a
long series from the supposed range of cruciana, to find that the birds from
St. Croix were quite distinct from those of St. Thomas, but identical
with those from Porto Rico and Vieques; in fact, it is a much simpler
matter to distinguish the birds from Porto Rico and St. Croix from speci-
mens taken on St. Thomas and islands to the southeast than it is to dis-
tinguish them from examples from Jamaica.

Wetmore! says that in Porto Rico this species is confined entirely to
the coastal plain, coming inland along the river courses to the base of the
foot-hills, and that while near the coast it is confined mainly to the man-
groves, inland, where this tree does not occur, it is found in shade trees
about houses, in reeds and clumps of marsh grass, or even in scanty growths
of grass and weeds growing on river sand-bars. Its habitat is thus more
general than that of any of the preceding forms.

Dendroica petechia bartholemica Sundevall.

Dendroeca ‘petechia a. bartholemica Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet-Akad. Forh.
Stockholm, 26, 1870, p. 607, (ex insula St. Barthelemy).

Subspecific characters—Similar to D. p. eoa but smaller; males with
pileum browner; under parts more intensely yellow and with streakings
heavier and more numerous. Females closely resembling the same sex
of cruciana, but averaging smaller, especially the bill.

Measurements.—Male: wing, 58.5-65 (61.85); tail, 49.25-57.5 (53.22);
bill from base, 13.5-16.25 (14.34); tarsus, 20-22 (20.95). Female: wing,
57-61.5 (59.44); tail, 48.5-55.25 (51.75); bill from base, 13.25-15 (13.9);
tarsus, 19-22 (20.53).

Range.—St. Thomas and closely adjacent islands (except St. Croix)
southward and eastward to Antigua.

Specimens examined.—St. Thomas: 5 o', 3 9; Tortola: 3 o@; Virgin
Gorda: 1 9; Anegada: 1 o', 4 9; Anguilla: 5 o&, 2 9; St. Eustatius:
5 o', 5 9; St. Kitts: 8 o', 3 9; Nevis: 1 co’, 2 9; Antigua: 2 9:

The series of bartholemica before me runs very even, the variation in
measurement is small and differences of color simply do not exist. Some
males show a larger crown patch than others, but this seems to be due
partly to age and partly to season, as birds in fresh plumage have the
feathers of the pileum tipped with greenish yellow that wears off as the
season advances. Some males, too, appear to be a trifle less heavily
streaked below than the average. There seems to be no tendency what-
ever, in this form toward the production of the gray and white individuals,
a fact that Mr. Ridgway noted in 1902, and which is further substantiated
in the series of over fifty specimens. Moreover, I have seen large numbers
of this form in the field, on nearly every island included in the range, and
have yet to observe a bird in that plumage.

1Birds of Porto Rico (Bull. No. 326, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 24 Mar. 1916), p. 105.

Peters—A Revision of the Golden Warblers. 37

Like cruciana, this form is found outside the mangroves as well as in
them; it is of course absent from the forests on the more lofty islands
within its range, but is numerous in the clumps of beach grape and man-
chineel back of the beaches, in the acacia scrub all over the lowlands
and in the vicinity of dwellings.

Dendroica petechia ruficapilla (Gmelin).

Motacilla ruficapilla Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I, pt. 2, 1789, p. 971 (Martinique,
ex Brisson. Error. I designate Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles).

Subspecific characters.—Similar to D. p. bartholemica but much smaller;
adult male with entire crown orange-rufous or rufous-chestnut; adult
female with traces of rufous in the crown.

Measurements.—Male: wing, 54—59.5 (57); tail, 44.5-52.5 (49.76); bill
from base, 18-14 (13.67); tarsus, 18.75-20.25 (19.61). Female: wing,
52-56 (53.68); tail, 42.5-48.5 (46.32); bill from base, 12.5-13.75 (13.09);
tarsus, 17.5-20 (18.48).

Range.—Islands of Guadeloupe and Dominica (and probably Marie
Galante).

Specimens examined.—Guadeloupe: 7 o, 5 9, 3 not sexed; Dominica:
21512 OX

Gmelin’s Motacilla ruficapilla is based on Brisson’s ‘‘Figuier de la
Martinique” (Orn. 3, p. 490, pl. 22, fig. 4). The description given by
Brisson might apply almost equally well to an adult female of Dendroica
rufigula except that the throat is said to be yellow, whereas in that sex
of rufigula it is generally clouded with rufous. In view of this, and bearing
in mind the frequent transposition of specimens and type-localities by
early writers, it seems best to correct the original type-locality to Guade-
loupe and to retain the well-established name.

In measuring birds from the two islands, I find, just as Ridgway did,
that the Dominica birds average larger. I have used entirely different
material from Ridgway’s, all the specimens I have examined having been
collected within the last twenty years. However, the four birds from
Dominica are all in fresh plumage, while those from Guadeloupe are in
worn summer dress. I believe that a series of comparable specimens would
show no appreciable difference in size.

D. d. ruficapilla has been considered as a species distinct from the forms
already discussed, but since the differences are entirely those of degree,

bartholemica being in a sense an intermediate form connecting it with the ©

Greater Antillean races, I see no reason for maintaining its specific dis-
tinctness.

According to Noble,! on Guadeloupe this bird is common about the
mangroves, plantations and sparsely wooded hills up to 2000 feet.

Dendroica petechia petechia (Linné).

Motacilla petechia Linné, Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 234 (Habitat in
America septentrionali=Error. Barbados, Lesser Antilles).

1Bull. M. C. Z. 60, No. 10, 1916, pp. 391-392.

38 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Dendroica capitalis Lawrence, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 20, Dec. 1868,
p. 359. (Barbados, Lesser Antilles).

Dendroeca petechia c. barbadensis Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet. Akad. Férh.
Stockholm, 26, 1870, p. 608.

Subspecific characters.—Similar to D. p. ruficapilla, but with longer bill;
males with the crown and forehead chestnut, sharply defined from the
yellow lores and superciliary stripe.

Measurements.—Male: wing, 54-59 (56.75); tail, 48.5-52 (50); bill from
base, 14-14.75 (14.4); tarsus, 18.5-19.75 (19.1). Female: wing, 55-56
(55.3); tail, 46.5-52 (49); bill from base, 14-14.5 (14.2); tarsus, 17.5-18.5
(18).

Range.—Island of Barbados, West Indies.

Specimens examined.—l0 o', 3 Q.

As has been pointed out elsewhere in this paper, Motacilla petechia Linné,
based on Edwards, cannot be applied to the Golden Warbler of Jamaica,
but certainly belongs to the Barbados bird. While such a substitution
of names is to be regretted, there is no reason why so palpable an error
of nomenclature which has extended over the better part of three genera-
tions, should be perpetuated any longer.

According to Clark! this Warbler is common on Barbados, especially
about pastures in which grow clumps of seaside grapes.

Dendroica petechia alsiosa Peters.

Dendroica petechia alsiosa Peters, Proc. N. E. Zoél. Club, 9, 17 Feb. 1926,
p. 41 (Prune Island, east of Union Id. Grenadines).

Subspecific characters.—Similar to D. p. ruficapilla, but slightly larger;
bill stouter and more decurved; adult male with the forehead golden
yellow continuous with the lores (instead of the orange-rufous of the
crown extending to the base of the bill).

Measurements.—Male: wing, 60.5-63 (61.9); tail, 50.5-53.5 (52); bill
from base, 14—14.75 (14.4); tarsus, 19.5-20.5 (20.2). Female: wing, 58.5;
tail, 48.5; bill from base, 14; tarsus, 20.25.

Range.—Grenada and the Grenadines:—Carriacou, Union and Prune.
Confined to the Mangroves.

Specimens examined.—Carriacou, Grenadines: 4 o, 1 92; Prune Id.
Grenadines: 1 o.

Clark? was the first to discover the presence of a resident form of the
Golden Warbler on the islands south of St. Vincent, but, because of a
lack of comparable material, he did not recognize it as distinct. It is
in reality an isolated colony most nearly related to D. p. ruficapilla, but
separated from that race by three islands,—Martinique, St. Lucia and
St. Vincent, on which no form of Dendroica petechia occurs, while the
form inhabiting Barbados has its nearest affinities with representatives
from the islands off the north coast of South America.

1Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 32, No. 7, Oct. 1905, pp. 294-295.
2Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 32, No. 7, Oct. 1905, p. 294.

Peters—A Revision of the Golden Warblers. 39

Dendroica petechia rufopileata Ridgway.

Dendroica rufopileata Ridgway, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus. 7, 29 July 1884,
p- 173 (Curagao).

Subspecific characters.—Similar to D. p. petechia, but averaging larger,
with smaller bill; above more yellowish; wing edgings broader, paler
yellow.

Measurements.—Male: wing, 58.5-61 (59.5); tail, 47-53.5 (50.1); bill
from base, 13.5-14 (13.8); tarsus, 18.5-20 (19.5). Female: wing, 53-57
(55); tail, 46.5-52.5 (49.7); bill from base, 13.5-13.75 (13.6); tarsus, 17.5-
19 (18.2). i

Range.—Islands off the north coast of Venezuela: Aruba, Curagao,
Bonaire, Isla de Aves, Orchilla, Tortuga, Los Testigos, (Margarita Island?).

Specimens examined.—Aruba: 1 o; Curagao: 2 o, 2 9; Bonaire: 1 6,
1 9.

This form bears a very close resemblance to D. p. petechia, and it is
sometimes difficult to separate examples of one race from those of the
other. Cory! discusses the advisability of separating the Golden Warblers
from Los Testigos, Blanquilla and Tortuga, but in view of the very close
similarity between the race found on Barbados and the one on the islands
off the north coast of Venezuela, | do not see how an intermediate form
could be maintained. Hartert? found rufopileata common on Curacao
and Bonaire where ‘‘it frequents open bushy places as well as mangroves.”

Dendroica petechia obscura Cory.

Dencroica ruficapilla obscura Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Orn.
Ser. I, No. 5, 25 Oct. 1909, p. 217 (Los Roques).

Subspecific characters.—Similar to Dendroica p. petechia but larger.

Measurements.—Male: wing, 62.5; tail, 54; bill from base, 13.75; tarsus,
19.25. Female: wing, 58; tail, 51; bill from base, 14; tarsus, 20.25.

Range.—Los Roques Island, Venezuela.

Specimens examined.—Los Roques Id., 1 #, 1 9.

This appears to be a fairly well defined form occupying a small group
of cays.

Dendroica petechia flavida Cory.

Dendroica flavida Cory, Auk, 4, July 1887, p. 179. Separately paged
reprints issued 28 May 1887, p. 3 (St. Andrews Id., Caribbean Sea).

Subspecific characters.—Similar to D. p. eoa but smaller; males more
olive-green above; wing edgings narrower and more greenish; below very
heavily and densely streaked.

Measurements.—Male: wing, 59-62 (60.6); tail, 55.5-58 (56.9); bill from
base, 12.75-13.5 (13.1); tarsus, 19-20.25 (19.7). Female: wing, 58; tail,
57; bill, from base, 12.5; tarsus, 19.7.

1Field Mus. Nat, Hist. Publ. Orn. Ser. 1, No. 5, 25 Oct. 1909, pp. 218-219.
2Ibis (6), 5, 1893, p. 312.

40 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Specimens examined.—4 3, 1 9, including the type, all from the Field
Museum.

Range.—St. Andrews Island, Caribbean Sea.

Remarks.—The St. Andrews Golden Warbler is a very distinct race
whose nearest relationships are obscure. While I have made direct com-
parison with the Jamaican Golden Warbler by reason of the similarity
of the coloration of the upper parts, the males differ from all other forms
except peruviana, in having the under parts much more heavily and
densely streaked with rufous. This form has a tendency toward the
production of individuals in which the yellows and olive-greens become
paler, in this direction approaching some of the Greater Antillean races.

Dendroica petechia rufivertex Ridgway.

Dendroica petechia rufivertexr Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 3, 1885,
p. 21; separately paged advance copies, 26 Feb. 1885, p. 1 (Cozumel
Island, Yucatan).

Subspecific characters.—Similar to D. p. ruficapilla, but averaging slightly
larger; male with under parts more heavily streaked.

Measurements.—(according to Ridgway, Bds. No. and Mid. Am. pt. 2,
190, p. 524). Male: wing, 56-60 (58.2); tail, 44.48 (46.6); exposed culmen,
10-11 (10.8); tarsus, 19-21 (20). Female: wing, 55-56 (55.6); tail, 45-47
(45.8); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.5); tarsus, 18-21 (20).

Specimens examined.—Cozumel Island: 1 o.

Remarks.—The occurrence of a Golden Warbler on Cozumel Island,
within sight of the coast of Yucatan, is correlated with the presence there
of several other representative species of birds that are otherwise charac-
teristically West Indian in their distribution.

Superficially this form appears to be more closely related to D. p. rufi-
capilla than to any of the races occupying some of the less distant islands.
It is more probable, however, that its resemblance to ruficapilla is merely
fortuitous, and is the result of parallelism or convergence.

Dendroica petechia aureola (Gould).

Sylvicola aureola Gould, Zodl. Voy. “Beagle,” 3. birds, pl. 28, July 1839;
p. 86, Nov. 1839 (Galapagos Islands).

Dendroeca petechia £. gallapagensis Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet-Akad. Férh.
Stockholm, 26, 1870, p. 608 (James, Charles and Chatham Islands,
Galapagos Archipelago).

Subspecific characters—Similar to D. p. eoa, but tail shorter; darker
olive-green above (approaching gundlachi in this respect). Males with
pileum more nearly rufous chestnut, less ochraceous.

Measurements.—Male: wing, 63-68 (65.5); tail, 51-57.5 (53.7); bill
from base, 14.25-15.75 (15.1); tarsus, 20.5-22 (21.1). Female: wing,
60-63 (61.3); tail, 48-54.5 (50.8); bill from base, 14.75-16 (15.3); tarsus,
20-20.5 (20.15).

Range.—The Galapagos Archipelago; Cocos Island?

Specimens examined.—Albemarle, 1 o’, 1 9; Charles, 1 9; Chatham,
2 o', 1 9; Indefatigable, 2 o, 1 9; James, 1 9; Wenman, 1 o.

Peters—A Revision of the Golden Warblers. 41

Remarks.—The series of eleven skins of the Galapagos Golden Warbler
before me is rather unsatisfactory, owing to its unevenness as regards
distribution and plumage: some of the birds are adults, more or less worn,
some immature but fresh, while four are in the gray and white plumage.
It is impossible to say whether a good representative series from all the
islands in the group would show further need of subdivision. I have
not seen specimens from Cocos Island.

Dendroica petechia peruviana Sundevall.

Dendroeca petechia g. peruviana Sundevall, Ofv. k. Vet-Akad. Férh. Stock-
holm, 26, 1870, p. 609 (Callao, Peru; Guayaquil, and Puna Island,
Ecuador).

Dendroeca petechia h. aequatorialis Sundevall, op. cit. (Guayaquil).

Subspecific characters.—Similar to D. p. aureola, but yellow much more
brilliant. Males heavily and densely streaked below, throat sometimes
clouded with rufous brown and in such cases this color extends onto the
cheeks and auricular region.

Measurements.—Male: wing, 65.5-67 (66.25); tail, 55-57 (56.25); bill
from base, 14.5-15 (14.75); tarsus, 19.5-21 (20.25). Female: wing, 62-64
(63); tail, 49.5-52 (50.7); bill from base, 14-15.5 (15.8); tarsus, 20-21
(20.5).

Range.—From Tumaco, Columbia, south along the coast of Ecuador
and possibly to Callao, Peru. Confined to the mangroves (Chapman).

Specimens examined.—Colombia: Narino, Tumaco, 1 &, 1 9. Ecua-
dor: Esmereldas, 1 o; coast of Manavi, 1 9; Prov. del Oro, Isla de
Jambeli,2 9,1 9. (All from the American Museum of Natural History.)

Remarks.—As in most of the races of Dendroica petechia, the males of
this form offer the best diagnostic characters. It is the most heavily
_streaked of any of the subspecies and is recognizable almost at a glance.

As far as I can ascertain perwiana is the name by which specimens
of the Golden Warbler from the west coast of South America must be
known. Dr. Chapman has pointed out! the characters in which these
examples differ from the form inhabiting the Galapagos Islands, listing
them as aequatorialis, quite rightly ignoring the name peruviana in the
absence of specimens from Peru. Still more recently, however, Count
Gyldenstolpe, in an account of the types in the Royal Natural History
Museum of Stockholm,’ expresses the opinion that Dendroica petchia
aequatorialis Sund. is identical with Dendroica erithachorides Baird, and
synonymizes peruviana with aureola, pointing out at the same time that
the type specimen of peruviana from Callao differs from Galapagan exam-
ples in having broader and better defined chestnut streaks on the breast.
Therefore, it appears practically certain that peruviana is the name for
the Golden Warbler occuring on the west coast of South America.

It seems strange that if the type of aequatorialis really came from Guaya-
quil that Dendroica erithachorides has not been met with by recent col-
lectors in Ecuador and southwestern Colombia.

1Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 36, 1917, p. 545, and 55, 1926, p. 594.
2Ark, fér Zool. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. band 19 A. No. 1. 1926, p. 30-31.

7.0673

Vol. 40, pp. 43-46 March 5, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

a ae VS

TWO NEW CHINESE ir
BY A. BRAZIER HOWELL. ela hone

Among the collections of Chinese mammals ‘secured by ©
Arthur deC. Sowerby that are now in the U. 8. National Mu-
seum are two undescribed races of rats. These may be known
as follows:

Rattus rattus exiguus, subsp. nov.

Type.—Female adult, skin and shull no. 238,185 U.S. National Museum,
from 70 miles southwest of Yenpingfu, Fukien, China, at an altitude of
500 feet: December 1, 1921. Collected by Arthur deC. Sowerby; original
no. 1139.

Diagnosis.—A small, pale race with tail and foot relatively small, as
compared with alerandrinus or sladeni, and hairs of the underparts showing
a tendency to be palely plumbeous at base.

Skin.—The dorsal coloration is pale and rather gray, about as in paler
specimens of alexandrinus from Europe, and the black tips of the guard
hairs are very little in evidence. The upper lips as far as the nares are
white. The dorsum of the hind feet are whitish and not appreciably dusky,
although the forefeet show some sootiness. The hairs of the underparts
always show more plumbeous at base than in alexandrinus, but this char-
acter varies considerably. In some specimens the hairs are solidly white
over most of this area, those of the middle belly and chest alone being
definitely plumbeous proximad. In others, practically all the ventral hairs
are of this sort. The ear is apparently somewhat shorter than in alexan-
drinus or sladeni. The transition from the white of the belly to the dorsal
coloration is quite gradual because of the strong intermixture of gray on
the sides.

Skull.—The most characteristic feature of the skull, aside from the
small size, is the great development and extension rostrad of the zygomatic
laminae of the infraorbital foramina. The ridging is weaker than in alez-
andrinus and sladeni, and the supraorbital angle of the temporal ridge is
but moderately indicated. On the average the occipital region is a bit
less pinched in transversely than in either of the above races.

Measurements.—Collector’s measurements of the type are: head and

8—Proc. Brow. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 40, 1927. (48)

4 MAR a 1934

44 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

body, 152; tail, 158; foot, 29; and ear, 20 mm. The skull measurements
are: total length, 46.5; zygomatic width, 18; and maxillary tooth row,
6.4 mm.

Material—Twenty specimens: 70 miles southwest of Yenpingfu, 14;
Foochow, 1; Kulungsu Island, 1 spirit specimen. These three localities
are in Fukien. From Kiangsu, there are 4 taken near Chinkiang.

Remarks.—Rattus humiliatus is apparently an exceedingly rare animal
and I suspect that individuals of the present new race have at times been
wrongly identified as that form. They are not so dissimilar but that
such a mistake could very easily be made without specimens of both in
hand. R. humiliatus, however, is much more chestnut, the ears and tail
are shorter, and the hind foot longer. In this animal the tail is appar-
ently never longer than the head and body, as determined by the diag-
nosis of the describer and of Bonhote, while in exiguus the tail is never the
shorter measurement. The skull of humiliatus is more robust with larger
rostrum, shorter zygomatic lamina of the infraorbital foramen, and brain-
case through the interparietal broader. There need be no confusion with
any other form of this species from eastern China. There is, though,
some lingering question of its precise affinity. A Rattus of this same group
has been recorded as rather rare in Fukien, namely, sladeni, which seems
to be very close to alexandrinus. Hither these rats have been introduced,
as they so often are everywhere, or if they occur in the same locality as
exiguus, then it would be logical to presume that the latter is a distinct
species and not so closely related to the R. rattus group as its characters
lead one to believe.

Rattus humiliatus insolatus, subsp. nov.

Type.—Female adult, skin and skull no. 172,569 U. S. National Mu-
seum, from 12 miles south of Yenanfu, Shensi, China, at an altitude of
4000 feet: January 12, 1909. Collected by Arthur deC. Sowerby; origi-
nal no. 413.

Diagnosis.—A rather large and excessively pale member of this soft-
furred, short-tailed group of rats.

Skin.—The ground color of the dorsum is close to the pinkish buff of
Ridgway (1912), the guard hairs being very little darker and totally
without black. The underparts are pale buffy, the bases of the hairs not
showing plumbeous. The feet are pale, almost white. The tail is un-
usually well covered with short, bristly hairs, these being dark brown on
the upper side and whitish below, and the scales of the tail are thus less
apparent than in most members of the genus.

Skull—Much as in the typical race, but apparently the nasals are
relatively longer, the molariform teeth considerably heavier, and the gen-
eral size of the skull is probably slightly greater.

Measurements.—Collector’s measurements of the type are: head and
body, 165; tail, 163; foot, 34; and ear, 21 mm. The total length of the
skull is 41; zygomatic width, 19.4; interorbital width, 5.7; nasal length,
15.5; and maxillary tooth row, 7 mm.

Howell—Two New Chinese Rats. 45

Material.—Four specimens; 3 from Yenanfu, and one from Yulinfu,
Shensi.

Remarks.—The type is a winter example and the coloration seems to be
entirely normal, without the appearance that a bleached, worn individual
presents, and much what might be expected to occur in the desert type of
country of northern Shensi. The two other Yenanfu specimens are large
juveniles, with the darker, wooly type of pelage characteristic of such an
age. They are much darker than the type, due chiefly to the shortness of
the distal ends of the hairs and the degree to which the plumbeous bases
show through. The Yulinfu skin is that of an immature, and is also
slightly darker than the type for the reason that it has a greater number
of brown-tipped guard hairs. These differences with age are of precisely
the same degree as occurs in the lighter type of Rattus rattus alexandrinus
from the Mediterranean. Even if the type of insolatus should prove to be
paler than the average for this region, it merits separation from the typical
form of eastern China, with its definite reddish tint. The type is dis-
tinguishable from the latter at a glance as it is much the palest Rattus in
the U.S. National Museum. &. humiliatus celsus is a very different look-
ing animal, its paleness being due to the ashiness of the ground color
and not to the absence of blackish tips to the plentiful guard hairs of the
dorsum. In skulls of the latter the molar teeth are also heavy, as in
insolatus, but the bullae are considerably smaller.

= 2 le ~~ LSS eS See

iene ete as = SS SS SS a = a a SSS

Vol. 40, pp. 47-48 March 5, 1927
BRO CEEDINGS
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON _

Aa a

| WAR? 1954

A NOTE CONCERNING THE DATE \ PUBLICATION,

On ws

OF TWO APHID GENER 7 el Lona

an nme peer
aaa

BY F. C. HOTTES.

The following note concerning the date of publication of
the genera Pemphigus and Schizoneura Hartig, fortunately
makes necessary no change in the nomenclature of the family
Aphididae. Nevertheless it is of interest and importance his-
torically.

Authors have overlooked the fact that volume one of Jahresberichte viber
die Fortschritte der Forstwissenschaft und forstlichen Naturkunde nebst Origi-
nal-Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete dieser Wissenschaften, was published
in four Hefte. Heft 1, pp. VIL+1-168, 1837; Heft II, pp. 169-310, 1838;
Heft Ill, pp. 311-488, 1839; and Heft IV, pp. 489-646+11-+ tab. I, 1839.

The genera Pemphigus and Schizoneura were published on page 645 of
Heft IV and should therefore date from 1839 instead of from 1837.

This mistake in dates may possibly be accounted for by the omission
of the title pages of Hefte II, III, and IV in the majority of the bound
volumes, and by the fact that the pages of the Hefte were numbered con-
secutively. The omission of the title pages which were not numbered is
therefore apt to be overlooked. At the end of Heft IV the date 183§
appears rather conspicuously near the top of the page listing the authors
whose works have been quoted in the text. This may also have con-
tributed to obscuring the real date of publication.

Hefte I and III contain no information on entomology. Pages 174-210
and 264-306 of Heft II are devoted to entomology, and a number of new
species are described. Pages 246-306 are not cited by Hagen. The last
seven pages of Heft IV are devoted to entomology. In this Heft nine
new species and the two genera mentioned above are described.

The descriptions of the two genera as they appear near the top of page
645 are given here.

Genus Pemphigus n

Fliigel mit vier von der Unterrandader und dem Fliigelmal auslaufenden
einfachen Queradern. Hinterleib ohne Honigréhren.
9—Proc. Broun. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 40, 1927. (47)

48 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Hierher P. bursarius, eine zweite sehr erosse Art in monstrésen Stengel-
gallen der Esche; mit weiss bestéubten Fliigeln. P. Fraxini. Eine dritte
Art auf der Hiche P. Quercus?

Genus Schizoneura n.

Fliigel mit vier von der Unterrandader und dem Fliigelmal auslaufenden
Queradern, die dritte Querader einfach gabelférmig getheilt. Hinterleib
ohne Honigréhren.

Hierher die beiden auf Ulmenblattern in beutelf6rmigen Gallen lebenden
Blattlausarten. Sch. Ulmi in der sehr grossen rundlichen Gallen, Sch.
lanuginosa n. in den kleinen zusammengedriickten Gallen der Ulmen-
blatter.

oY JO” Marie.” cbairadit dinette ay

Vol. 40, pp. 49-50 June 30, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

A NEW HYMENOTHRIX FROM ARIZO
BY S. F. BLAKE.

A large collection of Asteraceae made in Arizona in 1925-6
by Dr. T. H. Kearney and his associates has recently been identi-
fied by the writer. Among other rarities it contains two species,
Laphamia gilensis Jones and Perityle ciliata (L. H. Dewey)
Rydb., which have hitherto been known only from the type
collections, and in addition a new species of Hymenothrix which
appears to be of hybrid origin. It may be known as

Hymenothrix loomisii, Blake, sp. nov.

Annual (?), about 0.5 m. high; stem slender, erect-branched, greenish-
white, striate, finely incurved-puberulous throughout; leaves alternate
throughout; petioles naked, incurved-puberulous, 1-2 em. long; blades
broadly triangular in outline, 1-8 cm. long, the lower usually biternate
(the primary lateral lobes often only 2-parted, or with the terminal some-
times 5-parted), the upper ternate, the segments linear to linear-oblance-
olate, subacutely callous-pointed, entire, usually 1.2-2.5 em. long, 0.8-2
(—4) mm. wide, thick, pale green, incurved-puberulous, obscurely glandular,
not punctate; upper leaves smaller, those of the inflorescence mostly re-
duced to small linear bracts; heads several or numerous, discoid, about
27-flowered, in rounded or flattish eymose panicles, on slender pedicels
0.4-2 em. long; involucre turbinate, 4-6 mm. high, 2-seriate, equal or
subequal, the principal phyllaries about 10, oblong, broadly rounded or
subtruncate, thin, greenish below, yellowish above or somewhat purplish-
tinged, with whitish subscarious margin, 1-ribbed and about 6-nerved,
thinly incurved-puberulous, short-ciliate, erose above, 2—2.8 mm. wide, the
proper phyllaries subtended by 2 or 3 similar linear bracts about two-thirds
as long; corollas whitish, densely stipitate-glandular on tube, papillose
toward tip of teeth, zygomorphic (teeth in 3 lengths, 1 much longer than
the others), 5.3-6.5 mm. long (tube 2-2.5 mm., throat funnelform, 1.6-2
mm. long, teeth 1-2 mm. long); achenes narrowly cuneate, 4-angled, multi-
striate, hirsute, 3-5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide; pappus of 13-15 equal 1-seriate
linear-lanceolate paleae 4-6 mm. long, scarious-margined below, the strong
costa hispidulous throughout and more or less abruptly excurrent as an
awn about 2 mm. long.

Arizona: Peach Springs, 15 Sept. 1883, Rusby 647; Camp Verde to

10—Proc. Brox. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 40, 1927. (49)

50 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Prescott, Aug. 1896, B. EH. Fernow; fields, Oak Creek, Oct. 1903, Purpus
8296; Ashfork, Yavapai.Co., 19 Sept. 1926, Harold F. Loomis 3241 (type
no. 1,285,420, U. 8. Nat. Herb.).

This plant of western Arizona is intermediate between Hymenothrix
wislizeni A. Gray and H. wrightii A. Gray. The foliage and pubescence
are those of H. wislizeni, while the discoid heads, the involucre, the corolla
color, the achenes, and the pappus are those of H. wrightti. In the depth
of lobing of the disk corollas and in the character of the style tips, H. loomisii
is intermediate between the other two species. Its anthers contain abun-
dant pollen grains. In Purpus’ specimen the achenes show a well-developed
embryo; in all the others the embryos are'abortive. The blending of char-
acters shown by H. loomisit is such as to leave little room for doubt that it
is of hybrid origin, while its collection at several localities in the same
general region (in which both the supposed parents occur), during a period
of over forty years, suggests that it may now be fixed in character. It is
hoped that during the coming year fresh seeds can be obtained and the
behavior of the plant studied.

In his treatment of the Helenieae in the ‘North American Flora,”
Rydberg! restricted the name Hymenothrix to H. wislizeni, the original
species, and proposed the new genus, T'richymenia for the other species,
H. wrightii, chiefly on the basis of its very deeply cleft corollas. The
discovery of a species completely intermediate between H. wislizeni and
H. wrightti, even though it may be of hybrid origin, indicates that these
differences are not of generic value and that the two species were properly
included by Gray in the same genus. Florestina, next to which Trichymenia
was placed by Rydberg because of its deeply cleft corollas, is fundamentally
distinguished by its subulate-attenuate hispid style-appendages.

In Hymenothrix loomisit the corollas are decidedly zymorphic, one of
the teeth being about equal to the entire part of the throat, two being about
half as long, and two intermediate. The disk corollas of H. wislizeni are
similarly but less conspicuously zygomorphic, one or sometimes two of the
teeth being more deeply cleft than the others. In H. wrightii, also, the
corollas (all of which are tubular) are zygomorphic, three of the teeth being
cut nearly to the apex of the tube, while the remaining two are connate for
one-third to more than half their length, the greater degree of connation
occurring in the central part of the head.

Zygomorphy of the disk corollas is more common in the Helenieae than
is generally realized. For instance, in Rydberg’s treatment of the tribe
there is no indication of its occurrence, except in Hymenothrix and Trichy-
menia, in the 7 genera constituting his subtribe Hymenopappanae.2 In
the Synoptical Flora, Gray mentions it (among the genera referred to)
only in Hymenothrix, which includes Rydberg’s genus Trichymenia. Ex-
amination by the writer of material of various species taken almost at
random has shown the occurrence of zygomorphy of varying degree in
the disk corollas of one or more species in all of the 7 genera recognized
by Rydberg except the aberrant Lewecampyz, where there appears to be
no trace of it.

1N. Amer. Fl. 34:55. 1914.
2N. Amer. Fl. 34:43-58. 1914.

}

Rn ne eee

Vol. 40, pp. 51-54 June 30, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASH}NGST

TWO NEW SPECIES OF SECURIDACA FROM SOUTH
AMERICA.

BY S. F. BLAKE.

Of the two new species of Securidaca here described, one is
based on specimens in the British Museum collected by Joseph
Martin in French Guiana about a century ago, the other on
specimens collected in Ecuador by Dr. J. N. Rose.

Securidaca cayennensis Blake, sp. nov.

Branches woody, glabrous; leaf blades large, oval-oblong, thin-coriaceous,
short-acuminate, rounded at base, marginate, glabrous, lucid above, light-
papillose beneath; racemes 1-1.5 cm. long, fascicled in the axils, often
branched from base, densely flowered essentially from base, strigillose;
bracts small, mostly deciduous; pedicels glabrous, 6 mm. long; wings
obovate-suborbicular, obscurely ciliolate, 7 mm. long; keel not crested;
anthers 8, hispidulous, all except the lateral one on each side sessile; fruit
(somewhat immature) samaroid, glabrous, the body elliptic, 2.5 cm. long,
1.2 cm. wide, narrowly wing-margined on upper side, very broadly winged
on lower, the wing oblique, subrhombic, coriaceous, about 3 cm. long, 2.5
cm. wide, surpassing the fruiting cell by about 1 cm.

Shrub or tree, not evidently scandent; branches subterete, flexuous, 2.5
mm. thick, with longitudinally wrinkled, greenish- or yellowish-brown,
tough bark; internodes 1.5-3 cm. long; stipular glands depressed-coniform;
petioles glabrous, stout, sulcate above, rounded beneath, 5-6 mm. long;
blades 14-17 em. long, 5-7.5 cm. wide, yellowish-green above, brownish
green beneath, rather loosely prominulous-reticulate on both sides, the
chief lateral veins 6-7 pairs, the costa prominent beneath, the narrow, not
revolute, thickened margin yellowish-brown; racemes in axillary clusters of
3-11, straight, about 10—16-flowered, often branched at base, nodulose;
bracts triangular-ovate, acute, ciliolate and strigillose, about 0.8 mm. long;
pedicels slender; upper sepal suborbicular, ovate, rounded at apex, 2.5 mm.
long and wide, ciliolate, glabrous dorsally; lower sepals free, orbicular,
rounded at apex, ciliolate, 2.5 mm. long; wings 7 mm. long, 6 mm. wide,
thickish, with about 10 principal straight nerves and many minor ones,
the claw 1 mm. long; upper petals cuneate-obovate, rounded, 6 mm. long,
3 mm. wide above, puberulous inside toward base and very sparsely cilio-

114-—Proc. Bion. Soc. WasH., Vou. 40, 1927. (51)

52 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

late, united to staminal sheath for about ¢ its length; keel glabrous, 7 mm.
long (the claw about 2.5 mm. long), cucullate, unlobed, not crested; stami-
nal sheath hispidulous toward base, elsewhere glabrous, the anthers 8,
the lateral one on each side on a glabrous filament about its own length,
the others sessile, all spreading-hispidulous nearly up to the large pore;
ovary glabrous, 1-celled, 1-ovuled; style straightish, the 2 stigmatic lobes
similar, symmetrically terminating the style; upper wing-margin of fruit
thick, entire, 2mm. wide; true wing obscurely repand, with numerous not
prominent parallel nerves.

FreNcH Guiana: Without definite locality, Martin (types, 2 sheets, in
Brit. Mus.; photog. in U. 8. Nat. Herb.).

This remarkable species is most nearly related to Securidaca calophylla
(Poepp.) Blake, n. comb. (Corytholobium macrophyllum Benth. Ann. Wien.
Mus. 2:93. 1837-8; not Securidaca macrophylla Walp. Rep. 1:247. 1842.
Monnina calophylla Poepp. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3:66. 1845. Securidaca cory-
tholobium A. W. Benn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13:68. 1874. Elsota calophylla
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1:46. 1891.) In that species of Brazil and “‘Guiana’’
the rachis of the racemes, according to Bennett’s description and figure, is
much shorter than the pedicels (these 6-8 lines long), the pedicels are twice
as long as the flowers, the free portions of all the filaments are several times
as long as the anthers, and the wing is rather narrower than the body of the
fruit. The ovary of S. corytholobium is figured by Bennett as 2-celled and
2-ovuled, although his generic description calls for a 1-celled, 1-ovuled
ovary.

Securidaca leiocarpa Blake, sp. nov.

Branches densely spreading-pilosulous; leaves oval or ovate-oval, 1.5-2.8
em. long, 1-2 cm. wide, broadly rounded at both ends or subemarginate at
base, apiculate, subcoriaceous, above dark brownish green, shining, spread-
ing-puberulous on costa, on surface glabrous or sparsely pilosulous espe-
cially toward basal margin, beneath light green, spreading-pilosulous with
yellowish white hairs on costa and sparsely on surface; fruiting racemes
short, about 1 em. long, terminating branches and short subterminal
branchlets; fruit (submature) strictly glabrous, above with a narrow decur-
rent wing-margin, below with a broad obovate-oblong rounded wing about
2.5 cm. long, 1.38 em. wide.

Shrub, with short divergent branchlets; pubescence yellowish white,
becoming grayish; internodes 4-12 mm. long; stipular glands blunt, round-
ish, about 0.4 mm. long; petioles puberulous, 2-3 mm. long; blades strongly
discolorous, marginate, usually slightly revolute-margined, the principal
veins 5-6 pairs, often forked near margin and anastomosing, prominulous
beneath, obscure above; racemes sessile or short-peduncled, pubescent like
the stem; bracts deciduous; pedicels 1-1.2 cm. long, slender, ascending-
puberulous; body of fruit (not mature) borne on a stipe 1 mm. long,
obliquely ovoid, 5 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, loosely reticulate, narrowly wing-
margined on upper edge (margin about 0.6 mm. wide, obliquely decurrent
on proper wing or subtruncate), broadly winged on lower, the wing about
7 mm. wide at base, many-nerved, shining.

Blake—Two New Species of Securidaca. 53

Ecuapor: Vicinity of Portovelo, 6-15 Oct. 1918, J. N. & G. Rose 23385
(type no. 1,022,888, U.S. Nat. Herb.; dupl. N. Y. Bot. Gard.).

Although the flowers of this plant are unknown, its small, subcoriaceous,
discolorous, rounded leaves and quite glabrous fruit with comparatively
broad-based wing indicate that it represents a species distinct from any
hitherto described.

iN |

Vol. 40, pp. 55-56 June 30, 1927

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

lUS

4
n

APR 2. 1930

a)
i

ev:
A THRUSH NEW TO SCIENCE FROM HAITL ONAL MUS?
BY ALEXANDER WETMORE.

Investigations of the highlands of Haiti and the Dominican
Republic in recent years have yielded a number of strange birds
to which it is the writer’s privilege to add a beautiful thrush
secured in the Massif de la Selle, an area whose bird life has
been heretofore unknown. ‘The new form, which differs strik-
ingly in color from any thrush heretofore described from the
West Indies, may be known as

Haplocichla swalesi.

Characters.—Structurally similar to Haplocichla aurantia (Gmelin)? but ;
different in coloration; above black; lower breast and sides bright brown;
no white in wing.

Description.—Type, U. S. Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 264,707, adult male,
collected in the Massif de la Selle (altitude 6000 feet), April 15, 1927, by
A. Wetmore. Entire upper parts, including sides of head, deep black;
chin white; throat and upper foreneck black streaked lightly with white;
upper breast blackish slate with faintly indicated brownish edgings; sides
of upper breast sepia; lower breast and sides bright hazel; abdomen white;
flanks and under tail coverts blackish slate, the lower flank feathers and
under tail coverts with light shaft streaks and edgings of white. Bill
orange rufous, extreme base of mandibular rami and area about nostrils
blackish; eye ring light orange; iris rood’s brown; tarsus rood’s brown
with a line of honey yellow down the back; bare skin at back of tibio-tarsal
joint honey yellow; toes somewhat lighter than tarsus; lower surfaces of
toes honey yellow. (Colors from fresh specimen.)

Measurements (in millimeters). Males (three specimens), wing 126.7- |
130.8 (132.6); tail 102.5-104.2 (103.4); culmen from base 23.7-24.8 (24.4);
tarsus 42.3-47.0 (44.4).

Female (one specimen), wing 123.9; tail 97.7; culmen from base 22.4;
tarsus 46.0.

1Published by permission of the Acting Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
2Turdus aurantius Gmelin, Syst. Nat. vol. 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 832. (Jamaica).

12—Proc. Brox. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 40, 1927. (55)

“Se,

56 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Type (adult male), wing 126.7; tail 102.5; culmen from base 24.7; tarsus
42.3.

Range.—Known only from the central portion of the Massif de la Selle
in south Haiti where it was found on Morne La Visite and in the section
known as Jardins Bois Pin from 6000 to 7200 feet altitude.

Remarks.—Structurally this thrush is characterized by long slender
tarsus and rounded wing, the wing tip being somewhat more rounded than
in Haplocichla aurantia which has heretofore stood alone in a monotypic
genus. Haplocichla swalest is so entirely different in color from aurantia
as to preclude the idea of close association between the two other than
their union in the same genus, so that the species here described is not
to be considered representative of the aurantia stock. Male and female
of the new species are similar in color.

Haplocichla swalesi is an inhabitant of dense rain forest jungle bound.
together with the wirelike strands of a climbing bamboo, exceedingly diffi-

‘cult to penetrate. The bird lives on the ground in the deepest shadows

where its dark colors render it difficult to see except when movement
betrays its presence.

I take pleasure in dedicating this handsome species to Mr. Bradshaw
Hall Swales, Honorary Assistant Curator of Birds in the National Museum,
in recognition of his long and continued interest in the avifauna of His-
paniola.

jo. Vo°O TS

Vol. 40, pp. 57-64 June 30, 1927
PROCEEDINGS nr
AR SONIA
OF THE ZN ho

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF W

NOTES ON SCELOPORUS MERRIAMI STEJNEGER.:
Sap CAtEL Ey aVVAECG Elan 3 PAUNID An DAN WAR ED

In 1904 (Feb. 5) Dr. Leonhard Stejneger described Sceloporus —
merriami, ‘‘A New Lizard from the Rio Grande Valley, Texas”’
(Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XVII, 1904, pp. 17-20). As a
preface to our studies of this species, we can not do better than
to quote the introductory remarks of its describer.

“During the various collecting trips made by the field naturalists of the
Biological Survey into western Texas, a series of lizards belonging to the
genus Sceloporus were collected, which clearly belong to an undescribed
species. It forms part of the small section of the genus characterized by
the minuteness of the lateral scales, of which, thus far, only two species
have been taken within the United States, viz., S. variabilis and S. couchii.
I wish to associate with this very distinct species the name of the originator
and chief of the Biological Survey, who has done such an immense work in
increasing our knowledge of our vertebrate fauna. * * *

“‘Habitat—Rio Grande Valley, western Texas. Type. United States
National Museum, No. 33,039; Hast Painted Cave, near mouth of Pecos
River, Texas, September 2, 1890; W. Lloyd, collector, U. 8. Biological Sur-
vey (pp. 17-18).

“‘Habitat-—Thus far only found in the Rio Grande Valley from the
mouth of Pecos River to Boquillas. This species, therefore, seems re-
stricted to the Rio Grande Canon.” (—p. 19.)

Habitat and habits—Our experiences with the habits and habitat of this
form in 1925 (July 1-3) can best be given by quoting our journal notes
verbatim:

“July 1,9 4.m. Devil’s R. crossing. Went over to hill on east side of
crossing. On vertical walls, west exposure, now in shade, from 2-8 or 10
ft. from ground saw several lizards. Small ones running along. One male
looked on belly somewhat like S. variabilis but on back had spotting like a
Holbrookia texana or H. propinqua, not quite so prominent. Ran one ina
small crack but it escaped me. Shot two, was after two amongst rocks at

1The investigation upon which this article is based was supported by a grant from the
Heckscher Foundation for the Advancement of Research, established at Cornell Uni-
versity by August Heckscher. The expense of its publication was borne in part by a second
grant from the same Foundation.

13—Proc. Broun. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 40, 1927. (57)

Ss SE See eee

58 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

level of ground when I espied on a shady ledge a Crotalus lepidus about 3
ft. above the ground.

«* * * The lizards will pump up and down like a Holbrookia. * * *

“July 2.—On same cliff east of camp, now shady. Sceloporus merriami
will rest head downward on a knob projecting out. Often about arm’s
length up from ground or 6 ft. Caught tail of a o@. It ran higher under
a projecting ledge. Caughta 9. Itis battered. Few lizards with origi-
nal tail, toes, etc. Sensed a movement behind a ledge. Reached up with
gun barrel, frightened out a 9 which I caught. Arm’s length up.

“July 2.—Devil’s R. About 2:45 started on our way from camp. Stopped
at the cave at Castle canyon. All around the mouth on the vertical rocks
were S. merriami in considerable numbers.

“July 3.—Last night about 7:30 saw 1 S. merriami in east wall of canyon
of Pecos beside the road as you approach the bridge. It was on the light
colored rock. This morning * * * shot 3 S. merriami. Little
farther on on the vertical wall usually where more or less shady were 4 or 5
little S. merriami—shot 1, caught 2. Went to the bridge, beautiful
view. * * * Perched in the corner of a road culvert was a S. merriami.
Shot at it—missed it—chased it through culvert—got it—Ate our lunch
about 4 miles west of Comstock at a rocky ravine. On rocky walls were
S. merriami. It is the common rock wall lizard of Devil’s R. and Pecos R.
Canyons (and small canyon between).”

Range.—Eleven years after the original description, Prof. John K.
Strecker in his “Reptiles and Amphibians of Texas’”’ (1915, p. 21) para-
phrases Dr. Stejnger’s range as follows: “This species is known from only
a few localities in western Texas, from the Pecos River Canyon, 55 miles
northwest of Comstock, Val Verde County, south to the mouth of the
Pecos River and west along the Rio Grande River to Boquillas, near the
Big Bend.’’ No doubt, as this implies, the species is in the intervening
county of Terrell, which is between Val Verde (Hast Painted Cave) on the
east and Brewster (Boquillas) on the west. So far as we can determine,
no records of this species have been made since 1904, and no positive record
of it secured for Terrell County. Our collections made at Devil’s River
Crossing and in Devil’s River Canon extends its range somewhat eastward.
We firmly believe that this species extends some distance up the Devil’s
River from Rio Grande at Painted Cave and likewise up the Pecos River
considerable distance from Rio Grande at the Painted Cave of this river.
The people at Del Rio assert that there are two Painted Caves, one at the
mouth of each of these two rivers. This species is also a common cave,
canon wall, or rocky cliff form in the intervening areas between these two
canons, Devil’s and Pecos. All of our observations were made along the
Del Rio-Comstock-Langtry-Alpine road. We found it between Del Rio
and Langtry.

Our material is as follows:

Field No. 432, 16 adults, July 1, 1925. Devil’s River Crossing west of
Del Rio, Texas. Taken on east wall in shade.

No. 441. Castle Canyon west of Devil’s River Crossing, July 2, 1925.

Wright—Notes on Sceloporus merriami Stejneger. 59

1 adult. ‘Species at mouth of cave, within it and on vertical walls out-
side.”’

No. 454. 3 adults. East wall of canyon in shade. July 2, 1925,
Pecos River at Bridge between Comstock and Langtry. No. 451. 3
young, same place, July 3, 1925. Running in shade on east vertical wall.

No. 455. 2 adults. Rocky ravine 4 miles west of Comstock, Texas,
July 3, 1925.

No. 488. ‘Two eggs (ovarian) from one of the 9s of No. 432 (12x7 mm.,
11x6 mm.). (Plate II, Fig. 4.)

Color descriptions from life-—Adult & No. 432. July 1, 1925. Devil’s
River Crossing (Plate I, figs. 1 and2. Plate II, figs. 1, 2,5). Upper parts:
Either side of middle of back is a row of 10-12 small round or elliptical
black spots. Under the lens, these are dark grayish olive or dusky slate
violet. On each side are 7-8 irregular rows of spots, deep tilleul buff or
pale cinnamon pink or pale vinaceous pink. Under the lens, these areas
look light grayish olive or light olive gray. These spots remind me of
those of a male Holbrookia when I see the lizard on the rocks. These spots
are outlined by deep grayish olive or black. Top of the head is wood brown.
Tail not spotted, but with cross bands of black or dark grayish brown, under
lens dusky slate-violet. Interspaces are pale olive gray or light olive-gray,
under the lens light grayish olive.

Underparts: Lower throat with two indigo blue or dull blue-green black
spots. Often they meet posteriorly. Sometimes there is a smaller spot
ahead of each throat spot or large and smaller unite or throat may have
several indistinct bluish spots forward. Amongst these may be a little
pale yellow orange or pale ochraceous-salmon. Other throat-scales white,
usually with a dark spot below the eye and a short vitta back of the eye.
Tris green yellow or viridine yellow pupil rim. In front of this yellow is a
narrow band of orange pink or brownish vinaceous; ahead of it an area of
green yellow to sulphur yellow; rest of iris black. Breast white. Vertical
shoulder bar black or dull blue green black. Sometimes males have a
few irregular black or dull blue-green black spots on the ventral side of
femur. Some have white area down middle of belly with dark inner edge
of berlin blue or azurite blue which also bounds the lateral ellipse behind
and a short distance forward on dorsal edge of the ellipse. The ellipse is
deep chrysolite green, absinthe green or asphodel green. This on outer and
upper edge becomes pale grayish vinaceous or light grayish vinaceous.
In some the middle white area is lost, being suffused with the dark blue.
(Plate II, fig. 2.) Underneath tail, the dark cross bands of the upper sur-
face become paris blue, and the light intervals persian blue. Sometimes
underside of tail is merely elain blue over entire under side or entirely
persian blue.

Adult @, No. 432, July 1, 1925. Devil’s River Crossing. (Plate I,
fig. 3, 4.) Upper parts: Dorsal color pale olive gray or light olive-gray or
pallid mouse gray or pale mouse gray. Hither side of middle line of back
is a row of 10-12 spots on the body as in males. There are two parallel
rows to these on the sides. These spots are smaller. All over the body
are round white spots most prominent above the grenadine of the lateral

——errrrr re eae

60 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

belly. The dark spots unite to form cross bands on the tail. These bands
are dark olive gray. The top of the head is avellaneous or light drab or
_drab gray. The iris is black with narrow viridine-yellow rim. In front of
the pupil this forms a forward triangle.

Underparts: Ventral parts white. In the groin is an oblique irregular
spot of black, larger behind. This corresponds to the bluish rear or rear
dorsal border of the ellipse of male. Forward from this black border is
strawberry pink or peach red or grenadine. This makes a beautiful
creature of this female. This coloration reminds me of Holbrookia propin-
qua females, There is a prominent vertical black bar across the arm in-
sertion on to the shoulder. Most females have two black or dusky separ-
ated spots on the lower throat; these spots not indigo blue as in males.
The rest of the throat is white. Rarely a high colored female will have 6-7
blackish or dusky spots in front of the two large throat spots; these two
more or less separated on the middle line.

Young.—No. 451. July 4, 1925. Pecos River Bridge. (Plate II, fig.
6.) Entire belly pale king’s blue or pale neropolin blue. Throat same
color spotted with white areas. Sides of belly vinaceous pink or buff-pink.
Vitta behind eye more prominent than in adults, so also the black bar in
front of shoulder. Bands on forelegs prominent and less so on the hind
legs.

Scutellation.—Plate III, fig. 1. The central axial series of scales on the
top of the head are interparietal (occipital) with two of parietals on either
side, the anterior pair normally meeting ahead of interparietal and between
it and the posterior frontal to form frontoparietals. The frontal is trans-
versely divided into two plates. Ahead of the frontal are a cross series of
three prefrontals, these are succeeded by three cross plates, the fronto-
nasals (prefrontals in Dr. Stejneger’s terminology). Between the fronto-
nasals and the rostral are three pairs of internasals. The nasal ring has
three elements, prenasal, supranasal and postnasal portions. Below the
last is a subnasal which also might be termed a third canthal scale. Strictly
there are only two canthal scales. Back of the postnasal element are
usually no postnasals. Above the six supralabials are two rows of scales
which become one row near the rear of the subocular.

Variations in head scutellation.—Piate III, figs. 2,3, 4. In 25 specimens,
four had the parietals not meeting to form frontoparietals (fig. 2). In
one specimen the parietals just meet at one point, in another the fronto-
parietal almost obliterated the posterior frontal. The latter in one case
unites with the anterior right parietal (fig. 3). The frontal is semi-divided
longitudinally in one specimen (see Stejneger). The lateral prefrontals of
either side in three young were transversely divided and in one adult (fig.
4). In three adults this division was on the left side solely. Rarely the
rear 3d pair of internasals is pushed from the median line. The postnasal
plates are normally absent but may be from one to three.

Males have a maximum of 5 elongate pointed scales on the anterior
edge of the ear opening, many of them have less, down to one or none, but
accidents must have entered in these cases. The females generally have
1-3 pointed scales or merely 1-4 stubs or hardly any at all. The scales

Wright—Notes on Sceloporus merriami Stejneger. 61

from occiput to tail varied from 56-70. A longitudinal fold runs along
above shoulder until it meets the post-auricular longitudinal fold. At
their junction an oblique fold goes down on either side of neck. Very sel-
dom do these folds meet on the mid-ventral line as in Cope’s Lysophtychus
(See Dr. Stejneger’s remarks.) In females the folds are not as well de-
veloped.

Measurements—We measured 10 oo and 1299. Although the
largest and the smallest both in total length and measurement of snout to
vent were females, the males averaged a little larger in both respects, the
males 127 mm., total length, 50 mm., snout to vent; the females 116 mm.,
49mm. ‘The leg and toe measurements averaged greater in the males and
also the femoral pores were more numerous in that sex. The other measure-
ments of head width, shield part of head, snout to ear opening, scales in
head length, scales occiput to tail and scales around the middle are very
close together in both males and females. With one exception, the tibia
is in each case equal to or a little greater than the distance from tip of
snout to the ear-opening. In only two respects does our material differ
from Dr. Stejneger’s specimens. Our specimens have femoral pores from
39-53 (44-53 in oo’, 33-46 in 9 9), average 45.5., while his material
ranged from 50-58, average 53. Our counts of scales around the middle
range from 87-108; his specimens 106-120. Like Dr. Stejneger we ex-
perience difficulty in marking these counts and the probability of errors
is great. For details of measurements see accompanying tables.

Species sn Q Species Spec.

range. Range.’ Range. average. mode.
MotalMlength 2 22a as 100-142 118-140 100-142 124 120
SHout tonvent oles ne 41— 58 45-— 56 41- 58 47.5 46
Horeleg: sain moulin 19— 28 21— 28 19- 26 23.36 24-25
12 Shao id Keyeamase eis a UE 382— 50 33- 50 32- 47 39 39-40
LIST OWES Ul AIDEN ll- 15 13- 15 11— 12.5 12.8 12
4th toe to base 5th..........18- 17 14.5- 17 13-15 15 15
Eeadewict ease eon ar: 9-12 9.5- 12 9-11 10.6 11
Shield part of head_......... 10- 12.5 10-12.5 10-12 11 11

Snout to ear opening........ ‘1-13.56 11- 13.5 11- 12.5 11.8 12
Scales in head length... 14— 19 15- 19 14-17 16.5 16
Scales occ. to tail... 56— 70 60- 69 56- 70 61.9 62
Scales around middle........ 87-102 88-102 87— 99 93.5 91
Femoral pores._................ 33- 53 44— 53 33- 46 45.5 46

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‘INVIUMAW SAUOdOTHOG 40 SINGNAYOSV ATA

i
|
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Proc. Brox. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 40, 1927. PLATE I

Sceloporus merriami Stejneger.

Proc. Bron. Soc. Wasu., Vor.

Sceloporus merriami Stejneger.

| ASS —_ — — = f SSS SE ESE ——— = Sas Se See eS ———— SS SS eo

Ne:

Wright—N otes on Sceloporus merriami Stejneger. 63

DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
Puate I,

1.—Adult male, Devil’s River, Texas, July 1, 1925. Dorsal aspect.
2.—Same. Ventral aspect.

3.—Adult female, Devii’s River, Texas, July 1, 1925. Dorsal aspect.

4.—Same. Ventral aspect.

Puate II.

. 1—Old male, Devil’s River, Texas, July 1, 1925. Dorsal aspect.

Regenerated tail. Missing foot.
2.—Same. Ventral aspect. Colored ventral patches merged.
3.—Female. Devil’s River, Texas, July 1, 1925. Lateral aspect.
4.—Ovarian eggs. Devil’s River, Texas, July 1, 1925.
5.—Male. Same as 1 and 2. Lateral aspect.
6.—Young. Pecos River Canyon, Texas, July 3, 1925.

Photos from life by A. A. and A. H. Wright.

Puate III.

. 1—Head of male. Castle Canyon near Devil’s River, July 2, 1925.

(Field No. 441.)

2.—Head of female. Devil’s River, Texas, July 1, 1925. (Field
No. 432.)

3.—Head of female. Same data as Fig. 2.

4.—Head of young. East wall of Pecos River Canyon, Texas, July
3, 1925. (Field No. 451.)

> Paes Uh Y

Vol. 40, pp. 65-74 June 30, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

* OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ia

FISHES FROM McKEAN, POTTER AND CAMERON
COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. Hy

BY HENRY W. FOWLER AND J. GORDON CARLSON.!

During the summer of 1926 collections of fishes from north-
western Pennsylvania were made by Messrs. J. C. Galloway
and J. Gordon Carlson. As several river basins diverge from
this region, a word as to localities is necessary. In McKean
County the collections are from the Allegheny River, Lillibridge
Creek, Skinner Creek, Sartwell Creek, Comes Creek, and Port- |
age Creek near Port Allegany and from Brewer Run near h
Colegrove. These represent the materials from the Allegheny FS
River Basin. In Cameron County all are from the Susque-
hanna River basin in the Sinnamahoning-Portage Creek and
Cawley Run near Sizerville and in North Creek near Emporium.
The Genesee River was examined in the vicinity of Genesee
from the State line to a few miles south of Genesee. According i
to Mr. Galloway’s notes, the Genesee River at Gold was but a
small brook a foot or two wide, some miles north it was four to
eight, at Hickox ten to fifteen, and at the New York State line
above Genesee, after four streams have united ten miles from
Gold, it was almost as large as the Allegheny at Port Allegany.
Altogether several hundred specimens were obtained and placed
in the collection of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-
delphia. We are indebted to Mr. Galloway for the use of his
notes, freely modified and duly credited with his initial.

This paper has been prepared as little has been given of this
interesting ichthyfauna. So many of the streams in the western
section of the State have been polluted and the fishes either
greatly reduced or exterminated, that it is hoped that the

1With permission of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
14—Proc. Bion. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 40, 1927. (65)

OS SS “a 2s) Pea

66 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

present account may have some value even in its incomplete
records.
PETROMYZONIDAE.

Entosphenus aepypterus (Abbott).
One example 165 mm. long from Skinner Creek, May, 1924.

SALMONIDAE.
Salmo fario Linné.
Two examples 76 to 92 mm. from North Creek, September 13, 1926.

Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill).

One example at each of the following localities: Small pond at Port
Allegany, September 9, 1926, 58 mm. long; Sinnamahoning-Portage
Creek, 117 mm. long; North Creek, September 13, 1926, 146 mm. long.

ICTALURIDAE.
Ameiurus nebulosus (Le Sueur).

Eight examples from cove near Port Allegany, July 30, 1926, 25 to 164
mm. long.

Noturus flavus Rafinesque.

One from Allegheny River at Port Allegany in July, 1925, 190 mm., two
June 10, 1926, 113 to 155 mm., two August 28, 1926, 73 to 90 mm.; twelve
July 27, 1926, from Genesee River 140 to 230 mm. In the last locality,
but not in the Allegheny, it usually swims crosswise in the stream when
disturbed. One floundered out on land a foot from the water’s edge,
though soon wriggled back. All swim rather slow.

Schilbeodes insignis (Richardson).

Sinnamahoning-Portage Creek, September 13, 1926, six examples 68
to 95 mm.; North Creek, September 13, 1926, one 97 mm.

CYPRINIDAE.
Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque).

Lillibridge Creek, one 178 mm. long June 2, 1925, in full spawning; one
85 mm. long June 17, 1926; four 61 to 80 mm. September 16, 1926; cove at
Port Allegany, July 30, 1926, one 99 mm.; from the Genesee River July
27, 1926, six 50 to 89 mm. The Genesee examples were very much darker
than those from the Allegheny.

“Plump little minnows in the ripples April 29, 1926, were a bright
golden color, about 50 mm. long.” (G.)

“May 9, 1926, a dozen or more associated with larger chubs, 40 or more
slender dace and others, apparently long nosed dace and black nosed dace,
swarm among the larger ones. The stone rollers are conspicuous and

Fowler and Carlson—Fishes from Pennsylvama. 67

easily identified by their white lips, white fins marked with black and yellow
or orange, a distinct black bar behind opercle, and the white tubercles
over the head and body. They were the most active, rooting their snouts
in the gravel; their bodies often turning sidewise, their tails often flapping
in the air. Their heads were always up stream and the gravel thrown that
weave 2 (Ep)

“May 29, 1926, spawning same place as June 2 and apparently all along
the creek in favorable gravel. This time hardly any other fish were with
them. They all assemble closely in the basins, eight to twelve or more.
Apparently the females are only half the size of the others and they dash
around at intervals. At one place there were four or five groups.” (G.)

Chrosomus erythrogaster Rafinesque.

One from cove near Port Allegany, September 15, 1926, 45 mm. long.

Pimephales promelas Rafinesque.

Lillibridge Creek, two examples, June 17, 1926, 61 to 66 mm. long; cove
near Port Allegany, three examples 45 to 50 mm., July 30, 1926, and 32
examples 29 to 59 mm., September 9, 1926. We find that this fish is more
frequently met with in still or stagnant water than in the running streams.

Pimephales notatus (Rafinesque).

Allegheny River, one 93 mm. in full spawning June 10, 1926, three
66 to 80 mm., June 22, 1926, also in full spawning and two 52 to 65 mm.,
August 28, 1926; Lillibridge Creek, one 61 mm., June 17, 1926, one 57 mm.,
September 16, 1926; cove at Port Allegany, one 44 mm., July 30, 1926;
Genesee River, one 61 mm., July 27, 1926; Sinnamahoning-Portage Creek,
one 69 mm.

Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill).

Allegheny River, one 64 mm., July 14, 1926; Lillibridge Creek, one 111
mm., June 17, 1926, seven 53 to 91 mm., August 26, three 57 to 93 mm.,
September 16; small pond at Port Allegany, two 42 to 47 mm., September
9; Genesee River one 67 mm., July 27; Sinnamahoning-Portage Creek,
six 41 to 79 mm., September 13; Cawley Run, one 100 mm., September 13;
North Creek, two 51 to 85 mm., September 13.

“The chubs are more shy than the stone rollers, hastening to hide in
deep. water when approached and last to come back. They hovered in the
basins but did not seem to dig gravel. They were active in chasing away
the smaller fishes. They were adroit in taking advantage of the water
currents in moving about. When they swim from the deep pool they
~ merely headed up stream with pectorals expanded? and the current rapidly
brought them down; then tacking they swing sidewise into their places
with no apparent movement of the fins. These chubs were dusky green
with no golden lines showing and their throats and lower fins were rosy or
salmon color. The black spot on the dorsal showed distinctly.” (G.)

ae SS) eS a

—— —_]

Sak

68 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Leuciscus margaritus (Cope).

Eight examples from Sinnamahoning-Portage Creek, September 13,
1926, 50 to 63 mm. These are the only examples we have secured.

Leuciscus elongatus (Kirtland).

~ Lillibridge Creek, 14 examples 59 to 97 mm., June 17, 1926, eight 48 to
82 mm., August 26, and one 78 mm., September 16; Comes Creek, two 71
to 91 mm., June 9. Evidently the most abundant species in Lillibridge
Creek with Poecilichthys flabellaris a close second.

““May 9 the fish were working on three basins, often four stone rollers
side by side in one. The slender dace swarmed among them and all about,
flashing their sides so the red band shone in the sun. They showed the
golden lines on the back. With them were a few long straight brown fishes,
possibly long nosed dace.” (G.)

Abramis crysoleucas (Mitchill).

Only one example obtained, 65 mm. long, from cove near Port Allegany,
February 8, 1925. It was taken by sweeping a dip net through holes in
the ice. Though several subsequent attempts have been made to secure
specimens, both in the same cove and in neighboring ones, all have been
unsuccessful.

Notropis deliciosus stramineus (Cope).

One from the Allegheny River, July 22, 1926, 71 mm. long. This is the
only specimen we have ever seen. It was kindly identified for us by Mr.
C. L. Hubbs.

Notropis keimi Fowler.

Allegheny River, six 57 to 60 mm., July 14, 1926, two 60 to 71 mm.,
July 22, one 48 mm., August 28; Lillibridge Creek, six 53 to 63 mm., August
26, eleven 46 to 60 mm., September 16; Brewer Run, one 60 mm., Septem-
ber 13; Genesee River, six 51 to 65 mm., July 27.

‘““We found this brown backed, silvery sided shiner, with a golden glint,
in the deeper holes in the creek and it has lately appeared more common.
At times it shows scintillating light in a line from the dorsal fin to the
caudal medially on the back. It also shows the golden glow within the
forward sides of the back even more than in the young of Leuciscus elonga-
tus. Many 50 mm. in length appear to contain eggs.” (G.)

We have examined the types of this species and compared them with
cotypes of Notropis gilberti from the Des Moines River at Ottumwa, Iowa,
and find that they differ constantly in certain respects. N. keimi is a
more slender minnow, the depth less in proportion to the length of the
body than in N. gilbertt. N. keimi has one less dorsal ray, the number
usually ui, 6, i, while in N. gilbertt it is usually ui, 7, i. The eye in
N. keimi averages slightly larger than in NV. gilberti.

Fowler and Carlson—Fishes from Pennsylvania. 69

Notropis cornutus (Mitchill).

Allegheny River, five 53 to 66 mm., July 14, 1926, nine 30 to 40 mm.,
August 28; Lillibridge Creek, two 93 to 107 mm. in full spawning June 3,
1925, two 94 to 103 mm., in full spawning June 17, 1926, thirteen 50 to 112
mm., August 26, and two 50 to 72 mm., September 16; Brewer Run, three
47 to 58 mm., September 13; Genesee River, 46 examples 35 to 134 mm.,
July 27; Sinnamahoning-Portage Creek, 101 examples 45 to 122 mm.,
September 13; North Creek, 10 examples 42 to 90 mm., September 13.

‘““May 28 found a small school in one of the larger pools, in Lillibridge
Creek, with the finest slender dace met with. The red fins were as usual
with gold, silver and blue on the sides, a few scattered dark scales and rosy
below and on the fins. In the water it appears as a green shiner with three
golden lines and a black lateral stripe. The lower fins and dorsal are sal-
mon color, shaded medially with dusky; likewise the pectorals, their for-
ward margins solid white.” (G.)

Notropis rubrifrons (Cope).

Allegheny River, four examples 48 to 70 mm., in full spawning dress
June 10, 1926, nine examples 57 to 66 mm., July 14, four examples 56 to
68 mm., July 22. The first four when captured had the snout and pectoral
bases rosy; largest with 23 predorsal scales; one with deformed mandible
so that snout appears strongly protruded. In the second lot of specimens
the predorsal scales average 19, eye 314 to 4 in head and shorter than snout;
formaline specimens show dark lateral band becoming blackish brown on
tail to hind caudal peduncle.

Rhinichthys cataractae (Valenciennes).

Allegheny River, four examples 58 to 91 mm., August 28, 1926; Lill-
bridge Creek, two examples 57 to 89 mm., September 16; Genesee River
eight examples 70 to 115 mm., July 27; Simnamahoning-Portage Creek, nine
examples 53 to 76 mm., September 13; Cawley Run, six examples 59 to
112 mm., September 13.

“One cataract dace, a female with eggs, was taken in the ripples April
29. Last September they swarmed in the ripples in narrow channels of
Lillibridge Creek, where we find none at allnow. The female noted showed
a salmon tint on the dorsal and caudal fins, but no reddish elsewhere; dark
above, white below, slightly creamy where it merged into peppered gray
sides. Much of the dark color seemed to belong to the presence of im-
mature trematode worms.” (G.)

Rhinichthys atronasus (Mitchill).

Allegheny River, one example 47 mm., July 22, 1926; Lilhbridge Creek,
one 76 mm., June 4, 1925, eleven 49 to 74 mm., June 17, 1926, eleven 61
to 75 mm., June 23, three 44 to 60 mm., August 26, three 55 to 64 mm.,
September 16; Brewer Run, two 66 to 71 mm., September 13; Genesee
River, seven 53 to 73 mm., July 27; Sinnamahoning-Portage Creek, 18 ex-
amples 40 to 68 mm., September 13; Cawley Run, one 65 mm., September

70 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

13; North Creek, three 59 to 62 mm., September 13. Genesee specimens
were very dark and parasitized; those from the Susquehanna basin were
light colored, scarcely parasitized at all.

“Several taken in Lillibridge Creek April 16 showed no breeding colors;
sides creamy silver, the lateral band showing black with red; upper parts
brown as usual, mottled with darker.

“Apparently spawning May 29 in the swift channels of Lillibridge
Creek, where the gravel was coarse; found among the stones and con-
stantly swimming in circles.

“Many large ones in Lillibridge Creek June 17 with the orage red
lateral band. Others similarly as large and many smaller, without the
red. A few were seen without either the red or black lateral stripe, the
body rather pale brown. Those with red lateral band were taken in the
stony shallows, the others associated as well as in the smaller pools.” (G.)

Hybopsis kentuckiensis (Rafinesque).

Allegheny River, two 57 to 84 mm., July 14, one 62 mm., July 22, one
43 mm., August 28; Sinnamahoning-Portage Creek, five 64 to 114 mm.,
September 13; Cawley Run one 92 mm., September 13.

Exoglossum maxillingua (Le Sueur).

Allegheny River, one 76 mm., July 14, two 42 to 48 mm., August 28;
Genesee River, nine 51 to 113 mm., July 27; Sinnamahoning-Portage Creek,
nine 47 to 83 mm., September 13; North Creek, one 62 mm., September 13.

CATOSTOMIDAE.
Catostomus commersonnii (Lacépéde).

Allegheny River, two 165 to 230 mm., July, 1925; Lillibridge Creek, one
118 mm., June 17, 1926, one 91 mm., August 26, one 48 mm., September 16;
cove near Port Allegany, one 72 mm., July 30; Brewer Run, two 70 to 72
mm., September 13; Sinnamahoning-Portage Creek, 23 examples 31 to
82 mm., September 13.

“The fins pale orange. Underparts shining satiny white and the sides
brassy with salmon tints. Back mottled brown and olive green.” (G.)

Catostomus nigricans Le Sueur.

Allegheny River, two 74 to 180 mm., June 10; Lillibridge Creek, two
55 to 60 mm., September 16; small pond at Port Allegany, one 43 mm.,
September 9; Brewer Run, one 280 mm., September 13; Sinnamahoning-
Portage Creek, three 41 to 82 mm., September 13.

Moxostoma aureolum Le Sueur.

Two examples were taken in the Allegheny River July 14, 1926, which
measure 62 to 75 mm. They are the only ones we have for the region.

Fowler and Carlson—Fishes from Pennsylvania. 71

PERCOPSIDAE.
Percopsis omiscomaycus (Walbaum).

In the Allegheny River, three 35 to 45 mm., in the late summer of 1925,
six July 14, 1926, 25 to 77 mm., and also six 28 to 40 mm., July 22.

GASTEROSTEIDAE.
Eucalia inconstans (Kirtland).

Six examples, 38 to 45 mm., from a small pond at Port Allegany, Sep-
tember 9, 1926.

CENTRARCHIDAE.
Ambloplites rupestris (Rafinesque).

One from cove near Port Allegany, July 30, 1926, 57 mm. long.

Pomotis gibbosus (Linné).
Hight from cove near Port Allegany, July 30, 1926, 18 to 97 mm. long.

Micropterus dolomieu Lacépéde.

One from the Allegheny River 260 mm., July 15, 1926, and one 37 mm.,
July 22.

PERCIDAE.
Percina caprodes (Rafinesque).

One from the Allegheny River 124 mm., June 10, 1926, and one 131 mm.,
July 15; one from Portage Creek 143 mm., June 18, 1926. The first ex-
ample was secured by holding a hand net below a large stone in swift water,
suddenly raising and then dropping the stone. The other two were ob-
tained by bait with hook and line.

Hadropterus aspro (Jordan).

Allegheny River, three 51 to 78 mm., August, 1925, one 47 mm., June
10, 1926, six 51 to 65 mm., June 14, one 59 mm., July 22, one 47 mm.,
August 28. It is usually found in pools two or more feet in depth and with
less swift water than in the river generally. We have not yet obtained it
in the smaller creeks. It swims rapidly, darter fashion, and it is difficult
to capture with a net.

Etheostoma blennioides Rafinesque.

Allegheny River, two 77 to 80 mm., August, 1925, three 63 to 80 mm.,
June 10, 1926, five 52 to 67 mm., July 14, three 65 to 73 mm., July 22, six
49 to 79 mm., August 24; Genesee River, three 60 to 89 mm., July 27.

‘““Two large adults in full color May 5, one dark green as though soaked
in dark green ink.” (G.)

72 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Boleosoma nigrum (Rafinesque).

Allegheny River, two 52 mm., May 15, 1926, 27 examples 20 to 57 mm.,
July 14, two 54 to 56 mm., August 28; Lilhbridge Creek, six 45 to 55 mm.,
September, 1925, six 42 to 56 mm., June 17, 1926, two 48 to 51 mm., Au-
gust 26, two 47 mm., September 16; Comes Creek, one 53 mm., June 9;
Genesee River, four 32 to 73 mm., July 27.

Boleosoma nigrum olmstedi (Storer).

Sinnamahoning-Portage Creek, 18 examples 52 to 68 mm., September
13, 1926; North Creek, four 48 to 58 mm., September 13.

Poecilichthys variatus (Kirtland).

Allegheny River, two 44 to 46 mm., September, 1925, one May 15, 1926,
of 76 mm., four 64 to 80 mm., August 28.

“June 2 in the river, main ripples, in gravel a darter hit the net by
accident. Brown back with four brown bars and sides below lateral line
flamed brilliant orange red. Second dorsal and caudal sooty black over
orange dot rows, also the anal green with a splash of orange red at tip.
Pectorals and ventrals dusky, latter almost black with anterior edge white.
The whole fish in formaline becomes much duskier and orange sides more
brilliant.

‘Color in life, brown, shading to golden below; four dark cross bars on
back, one predorsal, one at junction of dorsals, one at middle of second
dorsal and one between second dorsal and caudal. Sides unmarked before
front of second dorsal; beginning below front of second dorsal row of seven
or eight green squares (broken near caudal) and separated by eight or
nine rows of scarlet dots, three in first rows, two and irregular near caudal.
Breast orange yellow, shading to white. First dorsal with outer edge
red, then amber, finally black and white next to body. Second dorsal
edge dusky blue and base lighter blue, barred between with four rows of
orange spots or dots. Caudal light blue, irregularly barred with about
six rows of orange dots. Anal barred light blue and orange, like caudal.
Pectoral similarly light blue, with eight orange bars. Ventral streaked
parallel to rays, orange and light blue.” (G.)

Poecilichthys zonalis Cope.

Allegheny River, nine 36 to 53 mm., June 10, 1926, and six 42 to 51 mm.,
August 28. The latter lot were obtained by sweeping a hand net through
small clusters of water plants. Their dark green color blended with the
plants they frequented.

Poecilichthys flabellaris (Rafinesque).

Allegheny River, four 55 to 68 mm., August, 1925, eight 34 to 60 mm.,
June 10, 1926, four 37 to 49 mm., July 14, five 40 to 48 mm., July 22, 21
examples 33 to 52 mm., August 28; Lillibridge Creek, 15 examples 35 to
63 mm., June 17, one 48 mm., June 23, one 48 mm., August 26, six 44 to

Fowler and Carlson—Fishes from Pennsylvania. 73

55 mm., September 16; Comes Creek, two 58 to 60 mm., June 9; Sartwell
Creek, six 46 to 62 mm., April 29, 1925; small pond at Port Allegany, three
60 to 67 mm., September 9, 1926; Brewer Run, one 58 mm., September 13;
Genesee River, six 45 to 70 mm., July 27.

“April 16, in the swift waters of Lillibridge Creek, by lifting stones a
number of this darter were caught in a hand net. Most were black, with
the color pattern more or less distinct. Their fins were unchanged, barred
as usual and the body without any bloom.

“June 17 found adults not quite so large as in the river. Apparently
many females have a darker irregular mottled coloring. None were in
extreme breeding dress, spawning being over. Under a large flat stone a
cluster of eggs about six by two inches was found. The shape of the
cluster was irregular, but the eggs laid closely joined in a single cluster
and were a little smaller than hempseed. They were on the point of

hatching. After scraping some into a bottle some freed young were seen.”’’
(G.)

COTTIDAE.
Cottus bairdi Girard.

Lillibridge Creek, two 81 to 87 mm., May 1, 1926, three 53 to 96 mm.,
June 17, seven 40 to 85 mm., June 23; Brewer Run, one 72 mm., September
13; Comes Creek, one 48 mm., June 9; Sartwell Creek, one 64 mm., April
29; Genesee River, 28 examples 48 to 80 mm., July 27.

‘April 29 we tried hook and line in one pool without any sign of life.
We then took the net to the ripples where we scooped two miller’s thumbs
from under the stones in the shallows and where the water was less rapid.
They were tadpole blobs of mud but showed much brighter colors when
placed in formaline.

“May Ist, took seven of all sizes, from young of an inch to adults of
four inches with red edges to the dorsal fin. They were colored tan,
spotted darker, much like the creek bottom. They were under stones in
water so swift they could not be seen or their habits noted.” (G.)

GG ,ooIT™

Vol. 40, pp. 75-78 June 30, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF W

A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF. STAPHYLINIDAE
FROM SZE-CHUAN, CHINA.

BY EDWARD A. CHAPIN.

In rearranging the National collection of Paederus Fabr. a very
interesting novelty was found among the numerous staphylinids
collected by David C. Graham in China. As the species belongs
to an apparently undescribed genus, closely related to Paederus,
the opportunity is taken to indicate the more salient character-
istics wherein it differs from the previously described genera
and to assign to it a name.

Gnathopaederus, nov. gen.

Close to Paederus Fabr. Head oval, eyes prominent, antennae 11-seg-
mented, second segment half as long as first, third equal in length to, but more
slender than first, fourth to seventh mutually equal, each three-fourths as
long as third, eighth to tenth slightly clavate, of these the tenth is the
shortest, eleventh longer, acuminate. Labrum transverse, shallowly
emarginate, minutely and irregularly denticulate. Mandibles asym-
metrical, faleate. Left mandible with a small quadrate tooth at the middle
of the internal margin, homologous with the internal double tooth of
Paederus. Just anterior to the internal tooth is a curved dorsal tooth about
two-thirds as long and similar in form to the apical half of the mandible
proper. Right mandible similar in general shape to left but with the in-
ternal tooth reduced to a small rounded knob and with a much smaller
dorsal tooth. Labial and maxillary palpi as in Paederus. Gular sutures
confluent at the extreme base of the head. Prothorax globose, strongly
swollen dorsally, greatest width at anterior third. Scutellum well de-
veloped. Elytra strongly constricted across the humeri, humeral angles
effaced. Abdomen strongly margined. External genital characters as
in Paederus. Legs long, fourth tarsal segment broad, bilobed.

Type species: Gnathopaederus szechuanus, Nn. sp.

Differentiated from Paederus Fabr. by the heavy supernumerary dorsal
tooth of each mandible and by the strong basal constriction of the elytra.
The mandibles are reminiscent of those of certain species of Bledius
Mannerh.

15—Proc. Broun. Soc. Wasx., Vou. 40, 1927, (75)

SS) SS

76 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

The group Paederi of the subfamily Paederinae is composed of two other
genera in addition to Gnathopaederus. The more important differences
between these genera may be tabulated in the following manner.

1. Gular sutures distinctly separated throughout their length; fourth
tarsal segment broad, bilobed; mandibles without dorsal tooth...

Paederus Fabr.

Gular sutures confluent or nearly so at base of head_...._.....-...-..------------ 2
2. Fourth tarsal segment broad, bilobed, mandibles with prominent
dorsal tooth, elytra constricted at base, elytral punctures coarse

ANG! SPATSe Mein Uwe eis el eb le eaN SU rie aay Gnathopaederus Chpn.
Fourth tarsal segment narrow, emarginate at apex, mandibles with-
out dorsal tooth, elytra not constricted at base, elytral punctures

fine) ANG Gensel Ls way ikea IMR NAL ea aerate Paederidus Rey.

It does not appear that the characters upon which the genera Paederillus
Csy. and Leucopaederus Csy. are based are of generic rank.

Gnathopaederus szechuanus, new species.

Elongate; head, metathorax and apical two segments of abdomen black,
elytra metallic blue, mesothorax castaneous, prothorax, basal segments of
abdomen and legs reddish yellow. Head as broad as long, hind angles
broadly rounded; polished; punctures sparse and coarse, vestiture reduced
to a few coarse hairs. Antennae pale castaneous, long. Maxillae, max-
illary palpi and labial palpi yellowish, mandibles castaneous. Pronotum
longer than broad (29 : 25), highly polished with very few rather fine
punctures. Vestiture sparse, composed of stiff black setae. Anterior
margin simple, posterior margin with fine bead. Elytra slightly shorter
than pronotum, humeral angles almost entirely obliterated, width of the
two elytra across humeri about one-half width across apices and but little
more than one-third width of pronotum. Punctation coarse and rather
dense, a tendency to coalesce is seen in the punctures of the disc.

Abdomen fusiform, greatest width at the fifth (first black) segment,
first four segments very strongly margined, basal transverse impressions
moderately broad and shallow, punctation fine and sparse on tergites,
much more dense on sternites especially along the median line. Sixth
sternite (male) with a deep U-shaped notch, finely margined and with a
minute pit at the bottom of the notch.

Length: 9.5 mm.

Locality: west of Ya-chow, Sze-chuan Province, June 16-20, 1923,
David C. Graham, collector.

Type: a male, paratype a partially dissected male, U. S. N. M. No.
40486.

It is possible that Paederus gottschet Kolbe should also be referred to
Gnathopaederus, but the mandibles are not mentioned in the original de-
scription and there are no specimens available for study. However, men-
tion is made of the fact that the pronotum is narrowed behind, that the
elytra are very much narrowed basally and that the greatest width of the

Chapin—A New Genus and Species of Staphylinidae. 77

abdomen is near the middle. In these points the species is in accord with
G. szechuanus. The specific characters given indicate that the species
themselves are amply distinct. The relative lengths of the antennal seg-
ments, the color of the antennae and legs are quite different in the two.
The color of the prothorax of P. gottchei is given as red and later in the fol-
lowing paragraph as black. It is probably red, to judge from the published
figure.

Vol. 40, pp. 79-88 June 30, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHI

SZ) AB
NEW SPECIES OF GRASSES FROM CENTRABSM@USEUYA

AMERICA.
BY A. S. HITCHCOCK.

During a recent study of the grasses of Central America, in-
cluding Panama, several new species were noted, which are
described below. A few new binomials are included.

Arundinaria viscosa Hitchc., sp. nov.

Culms erect, rather slender, 2 to 4 meters tall, mottled with purple,
more or less branched below; sheaths glabrous, mottled with purple, the
summit naked; ligule firm, truncate, about 1 mm. long; blades gradually
narrowed from near the asymmetric rounded or truncate base to acumi-
nate apex, 10 to 20 cm. long, 3 to 5 cm. wide, glabrous on the upper surface,
scaberulous and-glaucous beneath, scabrous on the margin, the petiole 2 to
3 mm. long; panicle large and diffuse, 15 to 20 cm. long and about as wide,
the branches and axis viscid, the branches solitary, slender, spreading;
spikelets on the branchlets of the third or fourth order; spikelets 1.5 to
2.5 cm. long, compressed, 3 to 6-flowered, mottled with purple, rather
soft and papery; glumes 2, 5-nerved, broad, minutely pubescent, the first
3 to 5 mm. long, the second about 1 cm. long; lemmas faintly several-
nerved, minutely pubescent, acute, awnless, 10 to 15 mm. long; palea
nearly as long as the lemma.

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 577479, collected in forests
at the summits of Velirla, Copey, Costa Rica, 1800 to 2700 meters, Feb-
ruary, 1898, by A. Tonduz (Herb. Inst. Phys. Geogr. Nat. Costaric. no.
11729).

Other specimens are: Cerros de Velirla, Copey, Tonduz, Herb. Inst.
Costaric. 11793; between la Divisién and Lagunilla, Pittier, Herb. Inst.
Costaric. 10526; northeast of El Copey, Standley 41944, all from Costa
Rica; Puerta La Cruz, Venezuela, alt. 2000 meters, Jahn 1308.

Arundinaria standleyi Hitche., sp. nov.

Culms glabrous, branching, slender, erect, pendent or procumbent, as
much as 3 meters long, about 1.5 mm. thick; sheaths glabrous, ciliate,
rather sparsely fimbriate at the throat; ligule very short, truncate; blades

16—Proc. Biot. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 40, 1927. (79)

80 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

flat, thin, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, glabrous on the upper surface,
the larger ones 8 to 12 em. long, 1 to 2 em. wide, rounded or somewhat
cuneate at the asymmetric base, the petiole 1 to 2 mm. long, the apex
sparsely hispidulous beneath, scabrous on the margins, acuminate; racemes
terminating short leafy branches, 5 to 8 cm. long, the rachis slender, strongly
zigzag, the internodes straight, concave on one side, mostly 1 to 1.5 em.
long, diverging sharply at the base of each spikelet; spikelets on very short
pedicels, slender, terete, straight, 1 to 2 cm. long, less than 1 mm. wide,
4 to 8-flowered; glumes somewhat tawny, unequal, the first 5-nerved, 3
to 4 mm. long, the second 7-nerved, 4 to 5 mm. long; lemmas
minutely pubescent, 9-nerved, about 6 mm. long, narrowed to an obtuse
point, awnless, the rachilla glabrous; palea nearly as long as the lemma,
softly ciliate on the keels.

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1307242, collected in wet
forest at El Mufieco, on the Rio Navarro, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica,
altitude 1400 to 1500 meters, March 6, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and
Rubén Torres (no. 51060). The only other specimen seen is Standley &
Torres 50897 from the same locality.

Arthrostylidium maxonii Hitchc., sp. nov.

Main canes smooth, slender, mostly not more than 2 mm. in diameter,
erect or climbing, as much as 4 meters long; fertile shoots very slender,
10 to 20 em. long; sheaths densely pubescent on one side near the margin,
bearing at summit several slender bristles as much as 5 mm. long; ligule
very short; blades delicate, 1 to 3 cm. long, about 3 mm. wide, scaberulous
on the margins and upper surface, pubescent in a line near one margin
beneath and sparsely hispidulous on the remainder of the surface; racemes
1 to 1.5 cm. long, the spikelets almost sessile, divergent from the glabrous
axis horizontally or nearly so; spikelets 8 to 10 mm. long, terete; first
glume 1 mm. long, 1-nerved; second glume 2 to 3 mm. long, about 5-nerved,
sterile lemma about 5 mm. long, 5-nerved, the glumes and sterile lemma
glabrous; fertile lemmas 2 or 3, acuminate but not awned, pubescent,
5-nerved; palea nearly as long as lemma, glabrous on the keels.

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, nos. 1180144, 1180145, and
1215531 (being three sheets of a single specimen), collected just inside
thick wet forest on steep slope at Santa Clara de Cartago, Costa Rica,
altitude 1950 meters, July 20, 1923, by William R. Maxon (no. 8154).

Other specimens, all from Costa Rica, are: La Estrella, Standley 39096,
39105, 39179, 39411; El Mufieco, Standley 33648, 33812, Standley & Torres
50981; Yerba Buena, Standley & Valerio 49781.

Chusquea heydei Hitchc., sp. nov.

Central culm as much as 5 mm. in diameter; fertile shoots in fascicles
on the central culm, slender, 10 to 20 cm. long, the lower part with blade-
less sheaths, the upper part with one or two foliage leaves; sheaths glabrous,
finely ciliate on the collar and with a few long hairs at the sides of the
summit; ligule very short; blades of fertile shoots lanceolate, thin, scaberu-

Hitchcock—New Species of Grasses from Central America. 81

lous, slightly hispidulous beneath at base, 2 to 5 cm. long, 4 to 8 mm. wide,
cuneate but scarcely petiolate at base, acuminate at apex, with 2 more
prominent veins on each side of the midrib; panicles ovoid, open, 6 to 8
cm. long, the branches single, spreading, the rachis terete, glabrous, the
spikelets on branches of second or third order, all spreading; spikelets
elliptic, strongly nerved, glabrous, 8 to 9 mm. long, about 2 mm. wide;
glumes rounded, unequal, the second about 1 mm. long; sterile lemmas
a little less than half as long as the spikelet, acutish, thin, rather weakly
3-nerved; fertile lemma acute, prominently 9-nerved, the palea a little
longer.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 731141, collected at Santa —

Rosa, Guatemala, altitude 3000 to 4000 meters, May, 1892, by Heyde and
Lux (no. 3566).

Other specimens are, Mexico: El Tiber, 150 meters, Michoacdn or
Guererro, Langlassé 288; Cerro Campana, 400 meters, Oaxaca, Makrinius
601.

Chusquea subtessellata Hitchc., sp. nov.

An erect shrub 1 to 3 meters tall, the branches erect; sheaths pubescent,
becoming glabrous; ligule very short; blades appressed, firm, linear-lanceo-
late, as much as 10 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, glabrous, tessellate-veined
especially beneath, rounded to a nearly sessile base, the apex acuminate
to a firm rather rigid point, the margin indurate and scabrous; panicles
narrow, condensed, but scarcely spikelike, 7 to 10 cm. long, dark purple,
the rachis and appressed branches pubescent; spikelets glabrous, 5 to 6 mm.
long; glumes obtuse, the first 1 mm., the second 2 mm. long; sterile lemmas
apiculate, 5-nerved, nearly as long as the spikelet; fertile lemma apiculate,
obscurely 5-nerved, the palea a little shorter.

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 821342, collected on Cerro
de la Muerte, Costa Rica, January, 1891, by A. Tonduz (no. 33867). Also
collected on Cerro de las Vueltas, on paramos, altitude 2700 to 3000 meters,
by Standley and Valerio (no. 43620, sterile). A third specimen is doubt-
fully referred to this species, Pittier 3069, from El Potrero Camp, Chiriqui
Volcano, Panama, altitude 2800 to 3000 meters. The panicles are less
condensed, and the branches less appressed.

The species is allied to C. tessellata Munro, but differs in the less spicate
inflorescence.

Poa guatemalensis Hitchc., sp. nov.

Perennial, apparently with creeping rhizomes; culms decumbent at base,
glabrous, about 40 cm. tall, the nodes mostly 3 or 4; sheaths minutely
scaberulous; ligule membranaceous, acute, about 3 mm. long; blades flat,
lax, 1 to 2 mm. wide, glabrous, slightly scabrous on the upper surface;
panicle open, 6 to 8 cm. long, the axis glabrous or somewhat scabrous
above, the branches mostly in pairs, slender, flexuous or drooping, naked
below, 2 to 3 cm. long, bearing a few spikelets on the upper half; spikelets
4 to 5 mm. long, mostly 2 or 3-flowered, the rachilla glabrous; glumes 1.5

82 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

and 2 mm. long; lemmas glabrous throughout, somewhat compressed, rather
indistinctly nerved, acute, purple-tinged at summit, 3 mm. long, 1 mm.
wide. .

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 924985, collected in shade
at medium altitude on Volcano Agua, Guatemala, December 5, 1911, by
A. 8. Hitchcock (no. 9115).

Trisetum irazuense (Kuntze) Hitche.

Calamagrostis irazuensis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2:763. 1891.
Trisetum scabriflorum Hitche. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 24:358. 1927.

Trisetum pringlei (Scribn.) Hitche.
Graphephorum pringlei Scribn.; Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2:561. 1896.

Calamagrostis guatemalensis Hitchc., sp. nov.

Culms erect from a creeping base, 30 to 60 cm. tall; sheaths overlapping,
glabrous or slightly scaberulous; ligule 2 to 3 mm. long; blades numerous
on lower part of plant, firm, flat, becoming involute, 1 to 3 mm. wide,
scabrous on both surfaces; panicles narrow, condensed, sometimes inter-
ruptedly spikelike, 7 to 12 cm. long, purplish or brownish, the branches
ascending or appressed, as much as 3 cm. long, floriferous nearly to the
base; glumes equal, acute, scaberulous, 4 to 5 mm. long; lemma minutely
scaberulous, 4 mm. long, the narrow apex with 4 fine teeth, the callus
hairs about half as long as the lemma; awn attached less than 1 mm. above
base, the twisted straight part nearly as long as the lemma, the terminal
part bent sharply to one side, 3 to 6 mm. long; rachilla prolongation a
little more than 1 mm. long, clothed with hairs about 2 mm. long.

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 844985, collected in humus
on the upper part of Voleano Agua, Guatemala, about 3000 meters altitude,
December 5, 1911, by A. S. Hitchcock (no. 9120). Other specimens exam-
ined are: Voleano Agua, 2700 meters, Kellerman 4747; Cerro Quemado,
Kellerman 5579; Voleano Atitl4n, 3100 meters, Kellerman 6259.

This species differs from C. recta of the Andes in the rhizomatous base,
the flat blades (later becoming involute) and the looser shorter panicle.

Gymnopogon aristiglumis Hitchc., sp. nov.

Perennial; culms ascending from a decumbent base, hard and wiry,
glabrous, 80 to 100 em. long, many-noded, the lower part lacking foliage,
clothed with bladeless or nearly bladeless sheaths; sheaths glabrous, ciliate
on the margin, mostly shorter than the internodes; ligule a very short
ciliate membrane 0.2 mm. long; blades rather stiffly diverging, flat, glabrous
on the surfaces, scabrous on the margin, somewhat cordate at base, con-
tracting into a short somewhat ciliate petiole, the larger ones 5 to 8 cm.
long, 5 to 10 mm. wide; panicles of several very slender soft racemes 20
to 35 cm. long, along a main axis 15 to 20 cm. long, the main axis some-
what scabrous, the branches pilose at the base, very scabrous; spikelets

Hitchcock—New Species of Grasses from Central America. 83

mostly 2-flowered with a rudiment of a third floret, distant on the lower
part of the rachis, approximate above, the pedicels slender, 1 to 2 mm.
long; glumes narrow, scabrous, 2 and 3 mm. long, gradually narrowed to
a slender straight scabrous awn about 1 cm. long; first lemma narrow,
nearly terete, obscurely 3-nerved, ciliate, slightly lobed at the base of the
awn, 2 to 2.5 mm. long, the awn 1 to 2 em. long, the palea as long as the
lemma; second lemma similar but a little smaller, the rudiment about two-
thirds as long as the lemma, jointed at apex and bearing an awn nearly
as long as that of the lemma.

Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, no. 1169956, collected at Rosario,
El Salvador, January, 1924, by Salvador Calderén (no. 1924). Other
specimens are: San Salvador, Calderén 949; Cerro de San Jacinto, Calderén
2072; Volcano San Salvador, Hitchcock 8941.

This species differs from G. spicatus (Spreng.) Kuntze in the larger
blades, panicles, and spikelets, and especially in the long-awned glumes.

Leersia grandiflora (Doell) Hitchc.

Oryza monandra var. grandiflora Doell in Mart. FI. Bras. 27:9. 1871.
Homalocenchrus grandiflorus Hitche. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 17:273. 1918.

Trichachne pittieri (Hack.) Hitche.

Panicum pittiert Hack. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitchr. 51:367. 1901.
Valota pittieri Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 19:188. 1906.

Digitaria hirtighuma Hitchce., sp. nov.

Culms glabrous, rather robust, about 50 cm. tall (lower part wanting in
specimen examined); sheaths keeled, glabrous or somewhat scabrous; ligule
membranaceous, truncate, pubescent, 1 to 2 mm. long; blades flat, rounded
or slightly cordate at base, scabrous, more or less pilose on upper surface
especially toward base, 4 to 7 mm. wide, 10 to 15 cm. long (upper one or
two only ones seen); panicle 10 to 18 em. long, the common axis scabrous,
about 7 cm. long, villous at base of racemes; racemes 8 to 10, ascending,
whitish, 10 to 15 cm. long, the rachis angular, scabrous, very narrowly
winged; spikelets about 2.5 mm. long (including the hairs), mostly in 4’s
on the rachis, 2 with pedicels about 1 mm. long, 2 with pedicels 3 to 4 mm.
long, the pedicels scabrous or scabrous-hirsute, curved or flexuous; first
glume wanting; second glume narrower than the fruit and two-thirds as
long, pilose between the nerves and on the margins, the hairs toward the
tip stiffer, somewhat rufous, extending nearly a millimeter beyond; sterile
lemma as long as the fruit, densely pilose or appressed-hirsute, except
along the midnerve, the hairs extending as a stiff brush beyond the tip;
fruit elliptic, 2 mm. long, 0.6 mm. wide, chestnut, somewhat apiculate.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1152125, collected at San
Salvador, El Salvador, in August, 1922, by Salvador Calder6n (no. 1153).

The type is the only specimen seen. The species belongs to the adusta
group, resembling Syntherisma fiebrigii (Hack.) Chase of Paraguay, based
on Panicum fiebrigit Hack. of which Hackel cites two specimens, Fiebrig

84 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

5371 and 5375. The two specimens seem not to be conspecific but the
type is assumed to be no. 5371. Fiebrig’s no. 5375 resembles Digitaria
hirtigluma but differs in having a broader second glume and a softer pubes-
cence. The blades of Panicum fiebrigit are described as glabrous, while
the blades of Digitaria hirtigluma are scabrous and pilose. In the U. 8.
National Herbarium are fragments of Fiebrig 5371 and 5375 from the
Hackel Herbarium, only the former showing blades.

Digitaria curtigluma Hitchc., sp. nov.

Perennial; culms cespitose in large bunches, erect, slender especially at
base, 1 to 1.5 meters tall; sheaths glabrous; ligule very short; blades flat,
elongate, narrowed toward base, long-acuminate, glabrous, somewhat
scabrous on the margins, somewhat pilose on upper surface near base,
4 to 7 mm. wide, as much as 40 em. long; panicle 15 to 18 em. long, the
common axis scabrous, 3 to 4 em. long; racemes 5 or 6, ascending, 10 to 15
em. long, the rachis winged, the margins as wide as or wider than the
central part, scabrous on the angles; spikelets in pairs, about 2.3 mm.
long, the pedicels flat, scabrous-hirsute on the angles, the longer about 4
mm. long; first glume wanting; second glume glabrous, obtuse or some-
what notched, one-fifth to one-fourth as long as the fruit; sterile lemma
as long as the fruit, 5-nerved, the lateral pair of nerves close together
near the margin, appressed-pubescent on the internerves; fruit dark
brown, very convex, minutely punctate in striae.

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 927689, collected on rather
open cut-over hillside, El Boquete, Province of Chiriquf, Panama, about
1200 meters altitude, September 28, 1911, by A. S. Hitchcock (no. 8176).

This species belongs to the adusta group and is allied to Digitaria adusta
leiantha (Hack.) Parodi which has glabrous spikelets with longer first
glume.

Digitaria velutina (DC.) Hitche.

Milium velutinum DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 126. 1813.

Milium filiforme Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 2. 1816.

Digitaria mollissima Schrad.; Link, Hort. Berol. 1:229. 1827.
Paspalum? velutinum Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1:27. 1829.

Panicum mollissimum Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1:33. 1829.

Syntherisma velutina Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 19:191. 1906.

Thrasya villosa Hitchc., sp. nov.

Perennial; culms erect, villous, 15 to 30 cm. tall; sheaths villous; ligule
obtuse, less than 1 mm. long; blades flat, villous or velvety-pubescent,
2 to 4 mm. wide, 5 to 10 em. long; racemes several from the main culm
and the erect branches, slightly curved, 2 to 5 cm. long, long-villous at the
base, the rachis less than 0.5 mm. wide, villous with long and short hairs
intermixed, rounded on the outside, flat on the inside, not margined or
inrolled; spikelets about 2.5 mm. long, densely pubescent; first glume
minute or obsolete; second glume narrower than the fruit and somewhat

Hitchcock—New Species of Grasses from Central America. 85

shorter; sterile lemma as long as the fruit, concave between the lateral
nerves, the palea as long as the lemma; fertile lemma whitish, appressed -
hirsute, acutish.

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 715585, collected in savannas,
at Cerro Vaca, eastern Chiriqui, Panama, alt. 900 to 1136 meters, December
25 to 28, 1911, by H. Pittier (no. 5363).

Mesosetum pittieri Hitchce., sp. nov.

Plant apparently annual, the culms spreading, 10 to 30 cm. long, the
nodes hispidulous; blades flat, glabrous, distantly setulose on the thickened
margin, sparingly pilose near base, 3 to 4 mm. wide, 2 to 5 em, long; raceme
2 to 4 em. long; spikelets about 5 mm. long, nearly sessile; first glume a
little shorter than the equal second glume and sterile lemma, laterally
compressed, narrowed to the middle and then widened to a rounded crest-
like tip, pilose on the lower part of the keel; second glume laterally com-
pressed above, narrowed to a crestlike acute tip, pilose at the base, spar-
ingly villous on the lower half of the back, 5-nerved, cross-ridged toward
the apex; sterile lemma similar to the second glume, the crested tip less
acute; fertile lemma acute, shorter than the second glume.

Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, no. 679914, collected at Sabana
de Juan Corso, near Chepo, Province of Panama, Panama, altitude 60 to
80 meters, October, 1911, by H. Pittier (no. 4751). Other specimens are
Pittier 4516 and 4687, both from the vicinity of Chepo.

Differs from M. sclerochloa (Trin.) Hitche. in the somewhat smaller
slightly pilose spikelets. In the latter the spikelets are glabrous, more
indurate and the glumes and sterile lemma are irregularly toothed or
notched at apex.

Axonopus blakei Hitchc., sp. nov.

Culms densely cespitose, erect, about 60 cm. tall, the nodes densely
villous; sheaths villous, especially at the collar; blades folded at base, flat
above, 2 to 4 mm. wide, papillose-pilose, as much as 25 cm. long; racemes
mostly 3, the lower 2 to 3 cm. below the other 2, pubescent at the base,
7 to 12 cm: long; spikelets 3 mm. long, the second glume and sterile lemma
pilose along the margins and apex, sparingly pilose along the back, the
hairs toward the tip as much as 1 mm. long.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1012987, collected on an
open grassy plain, at Cristina, Department of Izabal, Guatemala, May 22,
1919, by S. F. Blake (no. 7611). Blake 7658, collected at the same place,
is the only other specimen known.

The species resembles A. potophyllus, but the latter is nearly glabrous

throughout, the sheaths are distinctly compressed-keeled, and the spike- —

lets are only slightly pubescent.

Lasiacis scabrior Hitchce., sp. nov.

Culms climbing or straggling, woody, as much as 3 meters tall, pubescent
or glabrescent; sheaths more or less hispidulous, densely villous on the

86 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

margin; ligule prominent, brown, mostly 3 to 5 mm. long; blades rather
firm, elliptic-lanceolate, mostly 8 to 12 em. long and 1 to 1.5 em. wide,
harshly scabrous on the upper surface, puberulent beneath; panicles not
much exserted, ovoid, rather densely flowered, mostly 5 to 6 cm. long,
sometimes as much as 10 cm., the branches spreading, or the lower finally
reflexed, the axis and branches pubescent; spikelets ovoid, pale, about 4
mm. long.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 725618, collected on the
border of forest at Cubilquitz, Guatemala, altitude 350 meters, February,
1913, by H. von Tuerckheim (no. 4036).

Other specimens are: Costa Rica, Herb. Inst. Phys.-Geogr. 2247, 3245,
3365, 3646, 6540, 7465, 8527, 9213, 9492, 10946, Standley 37178, Standley &
Valerio 45897, 47117, Standley & Torres 47507, Jiménez 720; Nicaragua,
Baker 2454; Panama, Dunlap 406.

This species resembles L. ligulata in the long ligule but differs in the
thick blades scabrous above, the hispid sheaths .and the compact panicle.

Lasiacis standleyi Hitchc., sp. nov.

Culms branching and straggling, mostly 1 to 2 meters tall, rooting at
the nodes with slender branching stilt roots; sheaths glabrous or hispidulous;
ligule prominent, brown, 3 to 5 mm. or even 8 mm. long; blades narrowly
elliptic-lanceolate, 10 to 15 cm. long, 1 to 2.5 cm. or rarely 3 cm. wide,
somewhat falcate, scabrous on the upper surface, minutely pubescent,
beneath; panicles 10 to 15 cm. long, the few branches stiffly ascending,
the spikelets somewhat clustered toward the ends of the scabrous branches
and branchlets; spikelets ovoid-globular, pale or finally dark, about 4 mm.
long.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1307185, collected in moist
forest, at La Tejona, north of Tilardn, Province of Guanacaste, Costa
Rica, altitude 600 to 700 meters, January 25, 1926, by Paul C. Standley
and Juvenal Valerio (no. 45839).

Other specimens, all from Costa Rica, are: Standley & Valerio 45532,
45820, 46140, 47160, 49785, 50068, Standley & Torres 50979.

The species has the habit and panicle of L. rhizophora but differs in the
long ligule and narrower blades.

Olyra standleyi Hitche., sp. nov.

An erect cespitose perennial; culms 1 to 3 meters tall, puberulent below
the nodes, the nodes in dry specimens presenting one or two raised dark
sharp edges, sometimes hirsutulous on these ridges; sheaths glabrous;
ligule very short, shorter than the somewhat flaring border at the top
of the sheath; blades oblong-elliptic, glabrous, as much as 17 cm. long
and 4 cm. wide (the lower not seen), somewhat cordate at base, puberulent
on the upper surface at base and on the short petiole; panicle of several
fastigiate branches spreading at maturity, the axis extending above the
whorl and bearing one or two ascending branches, the main branches 8 to
12 cm. long, bearing appressed spikelets, 1 to 4 pistillate spikelets on the

Hitchcock—New Species of Grasses from Central America. 87

upper part, staminate spikelets below, the peduncle and base of the branches
more or less puberulent, smaller secondary panicles from the upper sheaths;
staminate spikelets about 1 cm. long, the lemma narrow, acuminate-
pointed, the palea a little shorter, acute; pistillate spikelets on clavate
pedicels, the glume and sterile lemma glabrous, 5-nerved, rather thin,
somewhat reticulate with cross veins, gradually narrowed into an acumi-
nate scaberulous point, the glume (including the point) about 2 cm. long,
the sterile lemma a little shorter; fruit narrow, about 8 mm. long, narrowed
to an obtuse apex, glabrous, minutely pitted, the pits oblong; palea nearly
as long as the lemma, almost inclosed by the margins of the lemma.

Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, no. 1307238, collected in moist
forest, at El Mufieco on the Rfo Navarro, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica,
altitude 1400 to 1500 meters, March 6 to 7, 1926, by Paul C. Standley
and Rubén Torres (no. 50932). It was collected in the same region in
1924 by Standley (no. 33878).

The species is allied to O. heliconia Lindm. and O. fasciculata Trin. of
Brazil. The former differs in having 7-nerved glumes and sterile lemma
on the pistillate spikelet. The latter has a more distinctly pitted fruit
with nearly circular pits; the blades are unequally truncate at base. In
both species the culms and nodes are glabrous and the panicles are much
larger. In habit, because of its numerous secondary panicles, O. standleyi
resembles O. surinamensis Hochst. of the Guianas. It is the only species
with pitted fruit known outside of South America.

Raddia costaricensis Hitchc., sp. nov.

An erect cespitose perennial; culms stiff, sometimes bent at the nodes,
glabrous, 20 to 30 cm. tall; sheaths densely hirsute; blades close together
from the overlapping sheaths, rather firm and stiffly spreading, oblong-
lanceolate, rounded at base, acute, 3 to 4 cm. long, 4 to 6 mm. wide, villous
beneath, glabrous or sparsely hirsute on the upper surface, revolute in
drying; staminate panicles narrow, terminal, pale, the spikelets 3 to 4 mm.
long; pistillate panicles lateral, consisting of a few (apparently 1 or 2)
pistillate spikelets and several staminate ones below, the pistillate spike-
lets glabrous, 7 mm. long, with an apiculation 1.5 mm. long; staminate
spikelet glabrous, pale, 3 mm. long.

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 825690, collected in forests
of the valley of the Rio Hondo near Madre de Dios, Costa Rica, 200 meters
altitude, November, 1896, by H. Pittier (no. 10352). No other specimens
have been seen.

This species is well distinguished by the hirsute sheaths.

Trachypogon stenophyllus (Roem. & Schult.) Hitche.

Andropogon angustifolius H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1:184. 1816. Not
A. angustifolius Sibth. & Smith, 1806.

Andropogon stenophyllus Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 2:819. 1817.

Trachypogon angustifolius Nees, Agrost. Bras. 342. 1829.

88 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Manisurus ramosa (Fourn.) Hitche.

Apogonia ramosa Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2:63. 1886. Not Rottboellia ramosa
Cav. 1801.

Rottboellia aurita subsp. stigmosa Hack. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 6:311. 1889.

Coelorachis ramosa Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17:86. 1909.

‘74.00 )]3 it ee tae

Vol. 40, pp. 89-90 June 30, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

A NEW FLEA FROM ALASK
BY H. E. EWING.

Among the Siphonaptera material recently donated to the
United States National Museum by Dr. E. A. Chapin is a slide
containing two specimens of a very peculiar species of Amphi-
psylla, which is here described as new.

Amphipsylla hadweni, new species.

Female.—Front margin of head broadly and almost evenly rounded;

frontal tubercle triangular, acuminate. Frons with two rows of setae;
in the front row there are four subequal moderate setae, in the back row i
two very long ones, the seta nearest the eye being the longest. Occiput od
with three large setae near the lower angle and a marginal row of about ii

five shorter setae on each side. Hye large, subcircular and heavily pig-
mented. Maxillary palpi equal in length to the five-segmented labial

palpi. [
Pronotum equal to the mesonotum; pronotal comb composed of about Hy
twelve very short pale teeth on each side. Metanotum distinctly smaller
than either the pronotum or the mesonotum.

dominal tergite with a small apical process extending backward between
the two sets of antepygidial setae. Receptaculum seminis with moderate, pay
subspherical head and a sausage-shaped tail which is slightly longer than
the head diameter.

Legs normal; tibiae III each with a transverse apical row of from three wl
to four setae on the anterior margin and a transverse subapical row of |
three setae. First segment of tarsus III about a fourth longer than
second; second about a third longer than third; third and fourth together
about equal to fifth. i

Length, 2.8 mm.

Abdomen long; typical tergites each with three or four rows of trans-
verse setae, the posterior row being composed of much the largest setae. MI
Three to four small apical spines on the first three abdominal segments. Ai
Antepygidial setae stout, spinelike; one or two on each side. Seventh ab- h

Type host and type locality Xema sabini from Puffin Island, Alaska. ot
Type.—Cat. No. 40349, U.S. N. M. a
17—Proc. Biot. Soc. WasH., Vou. 40, 1927. (89) y i

90 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Described from two females taken August 6, 1920, by S. Hadwen from —
Sabine’s gull, Xema sabini, at Puffin Island, Alaska. This species differs
from A. pollionis (Rothschild), the only previously recorded species of
Amphipsylla from North America, in the shape of the head, the number
of rows of setae on the frons and in a number of other ways. In some
important respects, like that of the number of antepygidal setae, it differs
from all other species of the genus.

Vol. 40, pp. 91-92 June 30, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

A NEW GENUS OF ANGUID LIZARDS FROM HAITI:
BY DORIS M. COCHRAN.

The island of Haiti is truly the land of surprising novelties
for the zoological explorer. The latest collection to be made
on that island is one by Dr. Alexander Wetmore, Assistant
Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, traveling under the
Swales fund, and the value of his work is already becoming
apparent in the finding of a new genus of that peculiar group
of lizards, the Anguidae.

Wetmorena, new genus.

Diagnosis.—No lateral fold; limbs four, tetradactyle; no ear-opening.

This genus is similar to Sauresia and to Celestus in having four fairly
well-developed limbs. It differs from both in having no external ear-
opening. In some species of Celestus the ear-opening is quite small, and
in Wetmorena the diminution of this ear-opening is carried to its final stage,
as befits the probable burrowing habits of this creature.

I take pleasure in naming this genus for Dr. Alexander Wetmore, Assist-

ant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.

Wetmorena haetiana, new species.

Type.—U.S.N. M. No. 72600, collected on Morne Cabaio, Massif de la
Selle, Haiti, on April 10, 1927, by Dr. A. Wetmore, at an altitude of 7500
feet above sea level.

Description of the Type.—Head not distinct from neck; snout short and
broad; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region slightly concave; no ear-
opening; an azygous prefrontal, broader than long, in contact with the
entire anterior border of the frontal, separated from the rostral by two pairs
of shields; frontal longer than broad; the parietal on each side separated
from the frontal and supraorbitals by a row of three shields; three consecu-
tive shields between the nasal and the preocular, the second in contact
with the azygous prefrontal; infraorbital wedged in between fifth and sixth
upper labials; four large chin-shields on each side, the first and second

1Published by permission of the Acting Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
18—Proc. Bion. Soc. WasH., Vou. 40, 1927. (91)

92 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

in contact with lower labials. Body somewhat elongate, subcylindrical;
40 scales around the body, dorsals with about 10 heavy striae (almost
amounting to fine keels) to a scale; laterals less heavily striated. Limbs
short but stout, the front one much shorter than the head; digits four,
very short, claws retractile. Tail long, reproduced in the type, about
two-thirds as thick as the body.

Dark olive-gray above, the head, particularly at the scale sutures, spotted
heavily with black; about ten more or less regular black lines running from
occiput to the end of the tail, made up of the darkened lateral edges of the
dorsal scale-rows; sides and belly lustrous black with many small blue-
white irregular marks which tend on the sides to be in rows, and which
tendency is even more pronounced on the sides of the neck and on the
chin, where the anterior portions of the chin-shields become blue-white.
The sides of the head and temporal region are black, with an occasional
lighter area on the labials.

Paratypes.—There are four other specimens taken at the same time and
place as the type. These range in size from the very young up to the
partly grown, while the type itself is apparently fully adult. This series
offers a remarkably complete picture of the various stages of growth. The
scalation of the paratypes resembles that of the type, while the colora-
tion is likewise very similar, only varying slightly in the strength of pig-
ment of the dorsal dark lines.

MEASUREMENTS.
72600 (Type) 72601 72602 72603 72604
Head and body..90 mm. 82 mm. 61 mm. 58 mm. 38 mm.
Hd De beet eee 60 SOs 58 lh SOG
(reproduced) (reproduced)
Width of head._.12 mm. 11.5 mm. Susie Ps ave fa)) wae
‘Fore limb___....... 13 12 Hs ONES Shree Gee eae
Hind limb.......... Lome: 117/ ef TShn SSh aDas Soae
Axil to groin....55 “ 53 re SOP ea tOD Te iaeoo Rens

Remarks.—The Haitian Sauresia sepsoides is most similar to Wetmorena
haetiana. The head scalation in the two species is very much alike, the
absence of an external ear-opening in haetiana being the only striking feat-
ure of the head structure itself by which they may be told apart.

But in bodily proportions a considerable difference may be noted at
once; Sauresia sepsoides, while a much smaller lizard, is much more elongate
in body and has more delicate legs than the larger and stockier species
which I am just describing. The number of scale-rows around the body,
and the degree of striation in the dorsal scales, are likewise other differ-
ences which can not be overlooked.

In coloration a vast difference is apparent at once. In sepsoides, the
ventral surface is immaculate yellowish, while in haeliana this surface is
black, spotted with irregularly shaped blue-white markings. In sepsoides,
the slight amounts of dark pigment appearing in the dorsal scales are found
in the central region of each scale, but in haetiana all the dark pigment
is concentrated at the lateral regions of each scale, leaving the central
portion conspicuously paler.

72
j=

74. 0

Vol. 40, pp. 93-94 June!30, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTO

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW OWL FROM ENGA

ISLAND.
BY J. H. RILEY.!

i
In working on the birds of the Mentawi Islands, off the west |
coast of Sumatra, it became necessary for the writer to compare ‘
specimens from the other islands in the chain, stretching from
Simalur in the north to Engano in the south, a distance of
several hundred miles. Among the specimens examined was a}
a female screech owl from Engano, related to Otus umbra of
Simalur. The bird is quite distinct, NOIRE, and may be M
known as: Nt
Otus umbra enganensis, subsp. nov. |

Type.—Adult female, U. S. National Museum, No. 180,711, Engano
Island, November 12, 1904; collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott. | |
Similar to Otus wmbra (Richmond) of Simalur, but bill and feet larger; i
darker on the back; feathers of the throat and jugulum with much white
basally, making these parts lighter; much more white on the supraloral
region and lores; cheeks much lighter; scapular spots suffused with cinna- |
mon-buff and the blackish scapular terminal spot reduced almost to the Y

vanishing point and dark brown rather than blackish. Wing, 142; tail, i!
64; culmen from cere, 13; tarsus, 28; middle toe, 24.5 mm. i

Remarks.—The type of Pisorhina umbra Richmond? is a male and some
of the differences pointed out above may be sexual, but Simalur and if

Engano are at the extremes of the chain of islands off the west coast of
Sumatra and it is very unlikely that they will prove to be the same form.
Otus umbra represents a different type of owl from the Otus bakkamoena |.
group; it has less black in the plumage, the lower part of the tarsus is bare |
and the ear-tufts are poorly developed. Judging from descriptions, it

belongs in the same group as Otus luciae (Borneo and Sumatra), Otus i
alfredi (Flores), Otus angelinae (Java), Otus vulpes (Gunong Tahan, Malay

Peninsula), and Otus vandewatert (Korinchi Peak, Sumatra). According

1Published by permission of the Acting Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
2Proc. U. S. National Museum, vol. 26, 1903, 494.

19—Proc. Bion. Soc. Wasn., Vou. 40, 1927. (93)

94 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

to Robinson and Kloss (Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., vol. 8, 1918, p.
126), Otus vulpes is a synonym of Otus luciae; this would make the latter
quite wide-ranging for this tropical type of owl. Sharpe proposed the
generic name Heteroscops for luciae, but it has not been generally recog-
nized as a distinct genus. Otus vandewatert is described as having a nuchal
collar, while Otus uwmbra has no indication of one. As a matter of fact,
Otus umbra enganensis should probably be given full specific rank, but for
the present it is introduced as above.

Vol. 40, pp. 95-96 June 30, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

SPOLIA MENTAWIENSIA—THREE.NEW BIRDS FROM
THE MENTAWI ISLANDS.

BY J. H. RILEY.!

In the fall of 1924, Mr. C. Boden Kloss and a party from the
Raffles Museum visited Siberut and Sipora of the Mentawi
Islands and made a general natural history collection. Dr.
W. L. Abbott, who contributed to the support of the expe-
dition, presented a series of the birds to the U. S. National
Museum, and the Raffles Museum has forwarded the remain-
der of the ornithological material to Washington with the re-
quest that the combined series be compared with the rich ma-
terial earlier collected by Dr. Abbott on other islands off the
west coast of Sumatra. A preliminary account of the birds,
in which eleven new forms were described, has been published
by Chasen and Kloss.2. In reworking the collection the
present writer finds three additional forms from the islands that
appear to require naming. ‘These are described in advance of
a report to appear later.

Muscadivores aeneus vicinus, subsp. nov.

Type.—Adult female, U. 8. National Museum, No. 279,710, Sipora
Island, Mentawi Islands, October 11, 1924; collected by C. B. Kloss.

Similar to Muscadivores aeneus consobrinus, of Nias, but breast and hind-
neck washed with much deeper vinaceous-lilac and averaging somewhat
smaller. Wing, 233; tail, 125; culmen from cere, 14.5 mm.

Remarks.—Hither the various forms described from the islands off the
west coast of Sumatra, except Engano, will have to be merged into one
variable race, or the above additional form recognized. It is believed the
following forms may be discriminated:
1. Muscadivores aeneus mistus Oberholser, Simalur Island.
2. Muscadivores aeneus babiensis Richmond, Pulo Babi and Pulo Lasia.

1Published by permission of the Acting Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.

2Tbis, 1926, pp. 269-306.

20—Proc. Bion. Soc. WasH., Vou. 40, 1927. (95)

i
y!
lA
it
a!
il

96 ~° Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

3. Muscadivores aeneus consobrinus (Salvadori), Nias, and Pulo Tuanku,
Banjak Islands.
4, Muscadivores aeneus vicinus Riley, Batu and Mentawi Islands.

Microtarsus melanoleucos proximus, subsp. nov.

Type.—Adult male, U. S. National Museum, No. 279,830, Siberut
Island, Mentawi Islands, September 27, 1924; collected by C. B. Kloss.

Similar to Microtarsus melanoleucos melanoleucos, from the Malay Pen-
insula, but of a deeper, less brownish, black. Wing, 82; tail, 70.5; cul-
men, 15 mm. .

Remarks.—The female of this species only differs from the male in slightly
smaller dimensions, and in the more brownish, less black, plumage. Four
males from Siberut are blacker, less brownish, than one male from Malacca
and two from Borneo. Three females from Siberut resemble the males
from Malacca and Borneo; three females from Borneo are much more
brownish than the same sex from Siberut; in fact, they can hardly
be called blackish at all, but seal brown. The writer can detect no differ-
ences between the Malaccan and Bornean specimens. Four males from
Siberut measure: wing, 82-88 (84.6); culmen, 14-15 (14.6). One male
from Malacca and two from Borneo measure: wing, 84.5-85.5 (84.8);
culmen, 15-15.5 (15.2) mm.

Orthotomus sepium concinnus, subsp. nov.

Type.—Adult male, U.S. National Museum, No. 279,856, Sipora Island,
Mentawi Islands, October 15, 1924; collected by C. B. Kloss.

Similar to Orthotomus sepium ochrommatus of the Pagi Islands, but of a
lighter, purer gray above and below; the head, cheeks, and chin, orange-
cinnamon, instead of mikado brown. Wing, 48; tail, 42; culmen, 14 mm.

Remarks.—Orthotomus sepium baeus of Nias Island is darker and nearer
cineraceus than the Pagi Island form. Apparently there is no difference
worthy of recognition between Sipora and Siberut birds. Eight males
from Sipora measure: wing, 43.5-50 (47.2); culmen, 14.5-15.5 (14.9) mm.

Three males from Siberut show the following dimensions: wing, 46-51
(48.7); culmen, 15-15.5 (15.2) mm. Five females from Sipora are:
wing, 44-47.5 (45.9); culmen, 14-15 (14.4) mm. Three females from
Siberut are: wing, 43-46.5 (45); culmen, 14.5-15 (14.8) mm.

Vol. 40, pp. 97-98 June 30, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHIN

BY CHARLES W. RICHMOND.

In hastily glancing over some recent papers on neotropical
birds by M. Jean Stolzmann, of Warsaw, I noticed he had pro-
posed two new generic names, both of them unfortunately pre-
occupied, and wrote him at once suggesting that he provide
substitute terms for them. M. Stolzmann has now replied,
asking me to make the changes, which I do herewith.

Phrenotriccus Stolzmann, MS, new name.

This is to replace Taczanowskia Stolazmann (Annales Zoologici Musei Y
Polonici Historiae Naturalis, V, Fasc. 3, Nov. 1, 1926, p. 167), preoccupied vy
by Taczanowskia Keyserling, 1879, for a genus of arachnida. Phreno- #

triccus is a member of the Tyrannidae, allied to Serpophaga Gould. Its
type is Sylvia nigricans Vieillot, and the genus also includes, according to
M. Stolzmann, Phrenotriccus cinerea cinerea (Strickland), P. c. cana (Bangs), ti
P. pallida (Snethlage), and P. inornata (Salvadori). ;

Neohellmayria Stolzmann, MS, new name.

Neohellmayria is proposed to replace Hellmayrea Stolzmann (Annales
Zoologici Musei Polonici Historiae Naturalis, V, Fasc. 4, Dec. 31, 1926,

p. 219), antedated by Hellmayria Poche, 1904, for a genus of Corvidae. \
Neohellmayria is a genus of Dendrocolaptidae, allied to Synallazis Vieillot, ,
and has for its type and only species Synallaxis gularis Lafresnaye. }

1Published by permission of the Acting Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. i

21—Proc. Biou. Soc. WasH., Vor. 40, 1927. (97)

St
z

Fiy

OI TT i aaa

Vol. 40, pp. 99-110 June 30, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES
BELONGING TO THE COCCID FAMILY
MARGARODIDAE. ii

BY HAROLD MORRISON.

The very brief characterizations offered below are presented
now in order to make the units established conveniently avail-
able for detailed discussion in an extended paper on the classi- !
fication of these coccids. There is every reason to believe that
this paper, which has been completed, will appear within a 4
reasonable time.

Since Professor G. F. Ferris has recently undertaken to ele- i!
vate the old family Coccidae to a superfamily through the ii
establishment within it of several families based on old sub- aa
families or on anomalous groups or genera, it is necessary, in
order to maintain a proper balance in the new and more nearly
adequate coccid classification that is very gradually developing,
to erect another new family for the insects here considered,
although very much better knowledge of both the coccids and
related Homoptera must be acquired before such family units i
can be certainly accepted as satisfactory zoological units. |

Family Margarodidae, new family. i

This new family is created for the reception of the subfamilies and genera Ai
included in the subfamilies Monophlebinae and Margarodinae of the
Fernald Catalogue of the Coccidae, 1903, plus the genera newly described 's
since that date as belonging in these two subfamilies, plus those that i

have been shown to be properly assignable to one of the two, plus certain
new groups and genera characterized below. The name is based on the
genus Margarodes, the earliest genus erected within its limits. From our

present knowledge, it is separated from all other coccids, excepting only r
that group of genera and species currently known as the subfamily Orthezi-
inae, through the normal possession of abdominal spiracles in various
numbers according to the genus, presumably in all stages, although their

22—Proc. Bion. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 40, 1927. (99) a

100 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

presence has not yet been demonstrated for every stage of every species,
and through the presence in the adult male stage, with very few exceptions,
of well developed compound eyes.

Family Ortheziidae, new family.

The characters that separate the insects heretofore associated in the
subfamily Ortheziinae from the Margarodidae appear to be of sufficient
importance to justify the erection of a family for this compact and rela-
tively homogeneous group of genera. This family agrees with the Mar-
garodidae in the possession of abdominal spiracles, although their pres-
ence has not yet been demonstrated for a few species, and in the presence
of very well developed compound eyes in the adult male. It differs strik-
ingly in the possession, in all the female and in the early male stages, of a
well developed flat anal ring, bearing setae, of the general type found in
Pseudococcus and many other genera. This structure is not even approxi-
mated in the Margarodidae. In addition, the antennae of the adult male
are normally 9-segmented and bear a stiff seta or spine at the tip of the
apical segment; in the Margarodidae the adult male antennae are usually
10-segmented, although there are some described variations in this and
there is no single stiff apical seta. In addition, the penis sheath of the
Ortheziidae appears distinctly bivalved while it appears entire with
species of Margarodidae.

As a result of the studies from which the present notes have been ab-
stracted it has been considered necessary to introduce a very complete
rearrangement of the genera examined, accompanied by the erection of
various new subfamilies, tribes and genera. A summary review of these
follows:

Subfamily Xylococcinae Pergande.

The subfamily Xylococcinae as here used includes only four genera.
These have been arranged in three tribes as follows:

Tribe Stigmacoccini, new tribe.

This includes only the genus Stigmacoccus Hempel with its single species
S. asper Hempel. The characters of the genus may, for the present, stand
for the tribe as well.

Tribe Xylococcini Cockerell.

Included here are two genera, one Xylococcus Léw, the other previously
undescribed. Through the kindness of Dr. F. Maidl of the Natural His-
tory Museum of Vienna, Austria, some of Léw’s material of his Xylococcus
filiferus has been examined. From this it appears that Léw was, in
general, correct in his characterization of the condition of the adult female,
which actually has very greatly reduced antennae and legs and remains
enclosed in the cavity already produced by the earlier stages and within
the cast preadult skin. A new genus is therefore required for the North
American species previously placed in Xylococcus.

Morrison—New Genera and Species Margarodidae. 101

Genus Xylococculus, new genus.

Genotype.—X ylococcus betulae Pergande.

This genus differs most obviously from Xylococcus through the retention
of well developed legs and antennae in the adult female. See Pergande’s
extended article (U.S. D. A. Div. Ent. Bull. 18, 1898, p. 26, et seq.) for an
elaborate description of the genotype.

Tribe Matsucoccini, new tribe.

Here is placed only the single genus Matsucoccus whose genotype is
M. matsumurae Kuwana. For the present the characters of the genus, as
described by several writers, will serve for the tribe.

Subfamily Steingeliinae, new subfamily.

This subfamily is now based on a single tribe, Steingeliini, new tribe,
which in turn is based on two genera, Steingelia Nassanow and Stoma-
coccus Ferris. The broader characters of the genus Steingelia as described
by Nassanow will serve temporarily to indicate the nature of this subfamily
and tribe.

Subfamily Margarodinae Cockerell.

The subfamily Margarodinae is here restricted to five genera which have
been grouped in three tribes. All of these have been established previ-
ously. The first is Kuwaniini Handlirsch, including the genus Kuwania
Cockerell and the following new genus:

Genus Neosteingelia, new genus.

A genus of margarodine coccids related to Kuwania Cockerell, but with
the adult female lacking the capitate setae at the apex of the tibia of that
genus and with six well developed and two poorly developed pairs of ab-
dominal spiracles instead of the four (or sometimes six) pairs of Kuwania.
Ventral cicatrices are present in the preadult female and first larval stages,
while these are lacking in Kuwania.

Genotype.—N eosteingelia texana, new species.

The generic characters given briefly above will serve temporarily to es-
tablish this new species, which is based on several specimens of adult female,
intermediate female, larval and adult male stages forwarded to the Bureau
of Entomology by H. G. H. Weinert collected on bark of Hackberry
(Celtis sp.) at San Antonio, Texas, in October, 1917 (holotype and paratypes)
and on bark of Hicoria ovata at Pittsburgh, Pa., likewise forwarded to the
Bureau, collected by S. W. Parmenter in October, 1923 (paratypes).

The types are in the U. S. National Collection of Coccidae.

The second tribe placed in this subfamily is the Margarodini of Cocker-
ell, including two genera, Margarodes Guilding and Neomargarodes Green.
A single new species of Margarodes is characterized below, as it has been
used in part to illustrate the generic characteristics of the genus.

102 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Margarodes meridionalis, new species.

The adult female of this species is closely related to the genotype, M.
formicarum, differing from it in having the multilocular disk derm pores oval
with bilocular center and a single encircling row of loculi. It also seems
related to M. papillosus Green but differs in lacking any cluster of spines
along the body margin anterior to the first abdominal spiracles.

This species is based on a few specimens of adult and preadult females
from Southern United States collected as follows: On ground at Fort
Myers, Fla., collected by Geo. M. Lummis, Jan. 1918 (holotype and para-
types) and from Chula, Georgia, forwarded by A. C. Lewis, May, 1918
(paratypes).

The types are in the U. 8. National Collection of Coccidae.

The third tribe placed here is Callipappini Handlirsch which includes
only one genus Callipappus Guerin-Meneville.

Subfamily Coelostomidiinae, new subfamily.

This subfamily is erected for the reception of genera that have been
assigned previously to both Monophlebinae and Margarodinae. Seven
genera distributed in three tribes are included. The assignment of the
first two tribes and genera is tentative as their various stages are only
incompletely known.

Tribe Platycoelostomini, new tribe.

Established to include one genus, Platycoelostoma Morrison, this tribe
may be recognized from the generic characters described when the genus
was published as new.

Tribe Marchalinini, new tribe.

This tribe is erected for the single genus Marchalina Vayssiere. The
tribal characters may be derived temporarily from Vayssiere’s discussions
of this genus.

Tribe Coelostomidiini, new tribe.

In this tribe are included five genera, Coelostomidia Cockerell (Coelos-
toma of Maskell), Ultracoelostoma Cockerell, Cryptokermes Hempel, Mimo-
sicerya Cockerell (Clypeacoccus of Newstead) and another, undescribed
genus. To facilitate the later detailed discussion of this tribe and its
components, first the new genus and then a new species are very briefly
characterized.

Genus Paracoelostoma, new genus.

A genus related to the New Zealand Coelostomidia and Ultracoelostoma
and the Neotropical Cryptokermes and Mimosicerya. The adult female has
the posterior apex, around anal opening, somewhat chitinized, antennae
short conical, with broadly rounded apices; openings of abdominal spiracles
nearly as large as those of thoracic, claw digitules acute, not attaining

Morrison—New Genera and Species Margarodidae. 103

apex of claw and derm bearing spines. The preadult female has antennae
and legs reduced to short conical protuberances, body enclosed within a
stout test, and anal tube short, with band of wax pores at inner end, but
without a band or circle of multilocular disk pores in the wall of the tube
near the wax pores. The larva has the posterior apex of the body strongly
chitinized as does Ultracoelostoma, but is conspicuously differentiated from
all closely related genera in that the ventral cicatrices are arranged in two
longitudinal rows of several each, rather than in a single transverse row of
three.

Genotype.—Paracoelostoma peruviana, new species.

For the present the generic characters given above will give a sufficient
basis for the recognition of this species. It is based on several specimens
of different female stages from two lots of material, one lot (holotype and
paratypes) from Despo Blado near Samdn, Piura, Peru, collected by
E. W. Rust, Apr. 24, 1912, the other (paratypes) from the same locality
(Sam4n), collected by C. H. T. Townsend, May 21, 1910 (#228).

The types are in the U. S. National Collection of Coccidae.

Cryptokermes mexicanus, new species.

References.—Cryptokermes brasiliensis Hempel, Cockerell, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist. (7) vol. 10, 1902, p. 469; Ferris, Can. Ent. vol. 50, 1918, p. 221.

This species is very similar to brasiliensis, but differs in the adult female
stage in that the legs are represented merely by a cluster of setae and a
wrinkling and thickening of the derm; the intermediate female differs in
that it possesses relatively numerous stout spines, quite distinctly 6-seg-
mented antennae, and much more fully developed legs; the larva differs
in having the curious disks over the body flattened, or at most only slightly
convex. ;

This species is based on several specimens of the various female stages
from larva to adult obtained at Zapotlan, Jalisco, Mexico, on Mimosa sp.,
1903, collected by C. H. T. Townsend (T. & B. Cy. #22) (holotype and
paratypes) and from Cuautla, Morelos, Mexico, on Mimosa sp., July, 1897,
collected by A. Koebele (#1609—Div. Ent. #7894—and #1672—Div. Ent.
#7918) (paratypes).

The types are in the U.S. National Collection of Coccidae. -

Subfamily Monophlebinae Maskell.

Except for the three genera removed to the subfamily Coelostomidinae
this subfamily as here recognized includes all of the genera currently as-
signed to it. These are grouped into five tribes and several new genera
are described.

Tribe Monophlebini Cockerell.

This tribe, originally including only the genus Monophlebus, has been ex-
panded to accommodate several additional genera.

104 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Genus Monophleboides, new genus.

The adult female of the genus is characterized by lack of cylindrical or
other stout derm spines, although these are numerous in the preadult, by
lack of any marsupium or other specialized reproductive structure, by the
absence of large tubular bilocular pores along body margin, by the pres-
ence of a single ventral cicatrix, and by lack of disk pores within atrium of
abdominal spiracles. The larva lacks large marginal bilocular tubular
pores, has only a single apical pair of elongated marginal setae, a single
ventral cicatrix and short and stout antennae with second and third seg-
ments nearly equal in length.

The genotype is Monophlebus gymnocarpi Hall.

Genus Monophlebidus, new genus.

This new genus is characterized by having in the adult female stage seven
pairs of abdominal spiracles each of which possesses a conspicuous collar
of disk pores within atrium and very numerous small circular ventral
cicatrices grouped into clusters, these forming two broad longitudinal
bands one on each side of body ventrally. In addition, there is no evidence
that a marsupium, ovisac or other specialized arrangement for caring for
the eggs is developed. The adult male has antennae with cylindrical seg-
ments, having no traces of nodes or of distinct whorls of setae, a slender
penis sheath and a single pair of very elongate apical fleshy tassels.

Genotype.—Monophlebidus indicus, new species.

This species is sufficiently characterized for the present in the state-
ments given under the genus.

It is based on specimens collected by Mr. S. Mahdihassan on Shorea
talura (Dipterocarpaceae) at Bangalore, India.

The holotype female is in the U. S. National Collection of Coccidae.
Paratypes, including a paratype adult male, are in the collection of Mr.
E. E. Green. The specific name indicus is taken from a manuscript one
originally assigned to this insect by Mr. Green.

Genus Pseudaspidoproctus, new genus.

This genus may be characterized as follows: Adult female with the
abdominal spiracles simple, that is without disk pores within atrium,
ventral cicatrices three, elongate, grouped close together, no elongate
tubular bilocular pores at body margin, derm with cylindrical spines, and
with a ventral marsupium having a U- or V-shaped opening; larva without
marginal elongate tubular bilocular pores, with elongate lateral marginal
setae in addition to the apical pair, and antennae with the third segment
much elongated, nearly twice length of second.

The genotype is Aspidoproctus hypheniacus Hall described from Egypt.

Genus Hemaspidoproctus, new genus.

This genus is characterized by having the adult female with the ab-
dominal spiracles small and inconspicuous, without pores within atrium,

Morrison—New Genera and Species Margarodidae. 105

with not over about seven ventral cicatrices arranged in a transverse row,
with the ventral surface of the abdomen with a complete band of pores
around the margin similar to the ovisac band of Icerya, this band forming
a pad of secretion over the enclosed area, and the enclosed derm invagi-
nating towards the dorsal surface forming a half-marsupium. The larva
has large marginal bilocular tubular pores, elongate marginal setae in
addition to the apical pair, a single median ventral cicatrix, the dorsal
spines in longitudinal bands, not split up into separate clusters and only a
few (4-6) multilocular disk pores within anal tube.

The genus is based on two species from Ceylon and India. The genotype
is Walkeriana cinerea Green. The other included species is W. ewphorbiae
Green.

Tribe Drosichini, new tribe.

This fribe is based on the genus Drosicha Walker, together with two new
genera described below. Members of the tribe may be recognized by this
combination of characters: Adult female without spines on the derm, an-
tennae not more than 9-segmented, thoracic spiracles without a band or
cluster of disk pores at opening, with seven pairs of abdominal spiracles,
with three large oval ventral cicatrices placed close together; hairs on body
mostly very abundant and closely crowded; larva with 5-segmented anten-
nae and no spines but many hairs over body; adult male with the antennal
segments beyond the second trinodose, with each bearing three whorls of
setae, abdomen with at least two and sometimes with as many as five pairs
of fleshy tassels developed; basal diagonal vein elongate, somewhat curved,
tip approaching closely to wing margin, costal margin of wing blackish and
apical antennal segment about as long as preapical, or costal margin bright
red, but apical antennal segment perhaps twice length of preapical.

Genus Drosichiella, new genus.

This genus is established for the reception of two described species,
Monophlebus tamarindus Green, and M. phyllanthi Green. A third species
is described below. The members of the genus are rather closely related
to Drosicha Walker, differing in the adult female stage, the only one known
definitely, in the possession of a conspicuous collar of multilocular disk
pores, within the atrium of each abdominal spiracle and in the rather pro-
nounced tendency towards the chitinization of the derm at maturity. The
species Monophlebus tamarindus Green is designated as the genotype.

Drosichiella tectonae, new species.

Adult female.—Character of external secretion not known, body ellipti-
cal, length around 15 mm., width a little less than two-thirds of length;
derm at maturity relatively heavily chitinized, dark yellow brown in color,
with innumerable small areolations around the seta and hair bases and the
pores; antennae normally 8-segmented, similar to the antennae of related
species; legs also similar; abdominal spiracles with the collar of disk pores
within atrium averaging around 25 to 30 in number; derm disk pores mostly

106 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

quadrilocular; body hairs of moderate length, mid-dorsal averaging around
36 in length, mid-ventral around 55u, the ratio between the two
1 to 1.6; other structures very similar to those found in known congeneric
species.

The species has been described from three mounted specimens. The
holotype was collected on Tectona sp. (teak) at Berar, India, by E. P.
Stebbing and was received from Mr. E. E. Green in April, 1926. One
paratype was also received from Mr. Green at the same time, and was
labeled as having been found ‘‘on ground” in the Ganjam District, Madras,
India, collected by J. Burkill. The other paratype is an early adult from
the Maskell collection where it had been placed as Monophlebus (Drosicha)
contrahens Walker under collection number 94. This insect was erroneously
referred by the writer to the species tamarindus Green (See Proce. U. S.
N. M., vol. 62, art. 17, 1923, p. 1).

The types are in the U. S. National Collection of Coccidae.

This is almost certainly the Monophlebus tectonae of Stebbing which was
published without description in 1902.

Genus Drosichoides, new genus.

This new genus is established for certain male monophlebine coccids
described from Celebes and Palawan. No other stages are known. These
males are very similar to those of the genus Drosicha, differing in having a
stout, only gradually tapering penis sheath that is not evidently constricted
at any point, a conspicuously elongate terminal antennal segment that is
fully twice the length of the preapical, and a bright red costal wing margin.

The genotype is Llaveia haematoptera Cockerell. L. sanguinea Cockerell
is also included. °

Tribe Monophlebulini, new tribe.

This tribe is established here for the reception of two Australian genera,
Monophlebulus Cockerell and Nodulicoccus Morrison. It may be recog-
nized through the possession of the following characteristics: Adult female
with spines on derm, with seven distinct pairs of abdominal spiracles,
each normally with a conspicuous row or band of disk pores within atrium,
antennae normally 7- to 9-segmented, beak short conical, obscurely 2-
segmented, without suggestion of a marsupium or a band of disk pores on
underside of abdomen; larva with 5-segmented antennae, body with spines
numerous and conspicuous, large marginal tubular pores, when present,
trilocular instead of bilocular, no median ventral cicatrix (uncertain in
one genus); adult male with antennal segments beyond second each bino-
dose and bearing two whorls of long setae, with apex of abdomen with more
than a single pair of fleshy tassels, and abdomen with seven pairs of spira-
cles although these are sometimes difficult to locate.

Tribe Llaveiini, new tribe.

This tribe is erected for the reception of the Mexican and Central Ameri-
can species that have been assigned at various times to Llaveza and Pro-

Morrison—New Genera and Species Margarodidae. 107

tortonia. Species belonging here may be recognized by the following set
of characters: Adult female with derm without, or, in a few species, with
spines, abdominal spiracles in seven pairs, without disk pores within atrium
of each, antennae normally 9-segmented and anal tube without polygonal
wax pores at inner end, or antennae normally 11-segmented, thoracic
spiracles with cluster of disk pores at opening and abdomen with three or with
as many as 30 ventral cicatrices; larva with normally 6-segmented antennae,
seven pairs of abdominal spiraclesand dorsal longitudinal rows of spines; adult
male with antennal segments beyond third trinodose and each with three
whorls of setae, abdomen with more than a single pair of marginal fleshy
tassels developed, basal diagonal vein short, at most fading out without
approaching the wing margin very closely, not curved towards end, costal
margin of wing bright red, and apical antennal segment about as long as
preapical.

Llaveia oaxacoensis, new species.

Adult female.—At maturity surrounded by a fairly dense mass of floc-
culent white waxy secretion, this extended posteriorly to enclose the eggs,
this mass not so definitely shaped as to be precisely comparable to the
ovisacs of such forms as species of [cerya; body of female after oviposition
remaining shriveled at the anterior end of the cottony mass; body color of
denuded dried female dull red, often irregularly blotched and mottled with
darker color; body as mounted almost uniformly elliptical in shape; length
range 7-11 mm., width range 4.5-7 mm.; derm membranous to faintly
chitinized at maturity; antennae 1l-segmented, apparently closely re-
sembling these organs in the other species of the genus, the basal segments
stout, much wider than long, the intermediate tapering gradually to the
relatively long and slender apical; legs large and stout, the setae along the
lower face of femur, tibia and tarsus in each very stout, spine like; beak
stout conical, rather distinctly 2-segmented, apex with 12-14 blunt-tipped
sensory setae; thoracic and abdominal spiracles as in the other members
of the genus, the thoracic much larger and with a loose cluster of around 15-
30 disk pores near the opening of each; derm pores abundant as in the
other species, of one general type, large disk, with numerous loculi and
centers varying, circular, oval, elongate, triangular or quadrilocular; derm
setae rather few, as in other species, those in mid-dorsal and mid-ventral
areas small, some along margin much larger; body hairs also small, more
numerous than setae and somewhat more numerous than the pores, mostly
slender, but many, along the margin and to some extent dorsally, much
stouter and distinctly spinelike, in this respect differing from the condi-
tion in the other species included in the genus.

Larva.—Not available.

Adult male.—Length as mounted on slide about 5 mm., excluding ab-
dominal tassels, antennae the same, total maximum expanse across ex-
tended wings 11 mm.; dorsum of head, prothorax, costal border of wing,
and abdomen of dried specimens a rather bright brick red; eyes dark red-
dish-brown, antennae, thorax, legs and remainder of wings blackish to

108 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

black; diagonal vein short, extending hardly more than half way to the
wing margin; with three pairs of lateral and apical fleshy abdominal
tassels.

This species has been described from a series of specimens including holo-
type adult female and paratype adult females and males and preadults
collected by Mr. E. G. Smyth on Acacia species at Oaxaco, Mexico, Sep-
tember 22, 1923, while he was engaged in a search through Mexico for
parasitic enemies of the Mexican Bean Beetle for the Bureau of Ento-
mology.

The types are in the U. 8. National Collection of Coccidae.

Genus Llaveiella, new genus.

This genus is here established for the reception of the coccids which
Professor Cockerell considered as representing true Llaveia axin (Llave).
(See Cockerell, Can. Ent. vol. 29, 1897, p. 271; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. for
1899, p. 259, and elsewhere). The writer is unable to accept his conclusion
in this, hence the erection of a new genus. It may be separated from its
immediate relatives by the following characteristics: Adult female with
9-segmented antennae, about 15 ventral cicatrices, spines retained on
body, and hairs and spines together distinctly more abundant than disk
pores; larva with both lateral and apical marginal setae elongate and con-
spicuous, anal opening with a circle of disk pores, and abdomen with a
single median circular ventral cicatrix.

The genotype is the species referred to by Professor Cockerell as Llaveia
axin (Llave) which reference is regarded here as a misidentification, in
consequence of which a new specific name taenechina is applied to these
specimens. No other species is known to belong with this. The generic
characters given above together with Professor Cockerell’s various de-
descriptive notes on the species characterize it adequately.

The holotype adult female and paratype adult females and larvae are in
the U. S. National Collection of Coccidae.

The insect was collected at Salina Cruz, Mexico, May 29, 1896, by Dr.
C. H. T. Townsend (Div. Ent. No. 7191).

Tribe Iceryini Cockerell.

No new genera are characterized in this tribe, but brief descriptions are
given below for two new species belonging in genera assigned here.

Icerya similis, new species.

Thisinsect is very closely related to J. montserratensis R. and H. and J. zeteki
Cockerell, differing only, so far as studied, in the apparently constant pos-
session of five ventral cicatrices, in contrast to the three of montserratensis
and the seven of zetekt.

The species is based on specimens collected by Dr. John R. Johnston
on coconut leaves (Cocos nucifera) (Palmae) from Cocoplum, near Bocas
del Toro, Panama, received Feb. 1922 (holotype and paratype); on speci-

Morrison—New Genera and Species Margarodidae. 109

mens from Scarborough, Tobago Island, on unknown fruit tree, collected
Nov. 7, 1918, by the writer (A—922) (paratypes); on specimens from Port-
of-Spain, Trinidad Island, collected by the writer from Cassia fistula
(Leguminosae) on Noy. 4, 1918 (A-881) and Nov. 23 (A-1044) (paratypes);
and from specimens from Port-of-Spain, Trinidad Island, on Clusia alba
(Guttiferae), collector and date of collection unknown (paratypes).

The types are in the U. 8S. National Collection of Coccidae.

Steatococcus samaraius, new species.

This species is closely related to Steatococcus australis (Maskell), the
adult female agreeing with it in possessing large ‘“‘open center’’ pores
producing glassy threads, but differing in that these do not occur in the
mid-dorsal area as in australis, and in that the marsupial opening, while
not chitinized anteriorly, is supplied here with a narrow band of disk pores.

The species is based on specimens obtained by Mr. Geo. Compere at
Samarai, New Guinea, on unstated host (holotype and paratypes).

The types are in the U. S. National Collection of Coccidae.

Jf 0 6

Vol. 40, pp. 111-112 September 26, 1927

PROCEEDINGS
FOND

OF THE
é

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHIN

BY GERRIT S. MILLER, JR.

Seven years ago the United States National Museum ob- te
tained the first recorded complete skeleton of Balenoptera hie
borealis from North American waters.2. The animal, an old ve
male about 45 feet in length, was stranded at Pablo Beach, "
Duval County, Florida. Four years later a second North
American specimen, likewise an entire skeleton, was added to "
the national collection (No. 239,307). This individual came
ashore at Walnut Point, Northumberland County, Virginia, in ify
March, 1923. The skeleton was roughed out, buried in clean ik
sand beyond danger from wave action, and left until Septem- tt
ber, 1924, when it was uncovered and brought to Washington. ae
It is a male, length 26 feet 4 inches, so young that the skull m
has been successfully disarticulated to show the details of the )
cranial telescoping. Of its identification there can be no doubt; nt
the characters of the baleen and earbones perfectly agree with
those of the adult male from Florida. On both sides of the
body the head of the first rib is bifid. As in the case of the. it
adult it was not possible to obtain good photographs or detailed atk
measurements of the animal’s exterior. Some measurements of las
the skeleton compared with those of the adult male (in paren- A)
thesis) are as follows: i

MEASUREMENTS. ii

(In millimeters unless otherwise indicated.)

Length of skull (straight), 1 m. 720 mm. (3 m. 480 mm.).
Greatest breadth (squamosal), 890 (1 m. 600 mm.). i
1Published here by permission of the Acting Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
2See Miller, A Pollack Whale from Florida, presented to the National Museum by the

Miami Aquarium Association. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 66, pp. 1-15, pls. 1-22, Decem-
ber 11, 1924.

23—Proc. Brox. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 40, 1927. (111)

— — eS a oo i aS i a

= Ss =

112 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Length of maxillary along upper surface, 1 m. 260 mm.; tip not perfect,
(2 m. 550 mm.).

Length of intermaxillary along upper surface, 1 m. 300 mm. (2 m. 690 mm.).

Breadth of beak at middle (curved) 460 (670).

Length of nasal (median), 138 (260).

Length of lacrimal, 163 (265).

Greatest width of lacrimal, 63 (118).

Length of jugal (greatest in straight line), 217 (825).

Largest baleen plates, 270 (640).

Greatest diameter of auditory bulla, 109 (223).

Distance from stapes to tip of posterior petrous process, 180 (360),

Length of mandible (straight), 1 m. 748 mm. (3 m. 290 mm.).

Length of mandible (curved), 1 m. 8830 mm. (3 m. 415 mm.).

Atlas, breadth, 365 (—); depth, 225 (—).

Axis, greatest breadth, 368 (680).

Axis, depth, 115 (155).

Third cervical, greatest breadth, 360 (—).

Third cervical, height from lower border of centrum, 212 (—).

Fourth cervical, greatest breadth, 360 (668).

Fourth cervical, height from lower border of centrum, 210 (320).

Fifth cervical, greatest breadth, 347 (608).

Fifth cervical, height from lower border of centrum, 210 (295).

Sixth cervical, greatest breadth, 340 (570).

Sixth cervical, height from lower border of centrum, 225 (365).

Seventh cervical, greatest breadth, 327 (572).

Seventh cervical, height from lower border of centrum, 233 (420).

First dorsal, greatest breadth, 313 (630).

First dorsal, height from lower border of centrum, 242 (430).

First dorsal, centrum: Width, 155 (215); depth, 116 (160); length, 40 (75).

Seventh dorsal, greatest breadth, 476 (770).

Seventh dorsal, centrum: Width, 143 (215); depth, 107 (155); length, 96
(175).

First lumbar, greatest breadth, 497 (915+).

First lumbar, centrum: Width, 178 (325); depth, 118 (175); length, 120
(210).

First caudal, greatest breadth, 387 (640).

First caudal, centrum: Width, 193 (265); depth, 155 (220); length, 145
(260).

Scapula, greatest breadth, 510 (1 m. 50 mm.).

Scapula, greatest depth, 320 (590).

Humerus, length, 225 (350).

Radius, length, 372 (710).

Ulna, length (outer side), 355 (700).

First rib, length (greatest in straight line), 472 (925).

Seventh rib, length (greatest in straight line), 896 (1 m. 640 mm.).

Stylohyal, length (greatest in straight line), 220 (445).

Basihyal, length, 130 (265).

Basihyal, width (greatest in straight line), 367 (750).

d678
Vol. 40, pp. 113-114 September 26, 1927
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE |

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHIM

A NEW PEDETES FROM TANGANYIKA TERRITORY-=—=—
BY GERRIT 8S. MILLER, JR.

Among some specimens of mammals collected by Mr. Love-
ridge while a member of the Smithsonian-Chrysler African
Expedition are an adult and young Pedetes which appear to
represent a hitherto undescribed form. This race of P. cafer
may be known as

Pedetes cafer dentatus, subsp. nov.

Type.—Adult male (skin and skull) No. 251879, U. S. National Mu-
seum. Collected near Dodoma, Tanganyika Territory, Africa, July 8,

1926, by Arthur Loveridge. if

Characters.—Externally similar to Pedetes cafer cafer as described by Bi
Wroughton (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 20, p. 32, July, 1907) We
and as represented by specimens from Malmani Oog, Transvaal, but under- iia
parts less tinged with buff; dorsum of hind foot mostly whitish and soles iwi
dark sepia in conspicuous contrast; skull of maximum size and with audi- hi)
tory bullae more inflated than in true P. cafer; incisors very broad. i

Measurements.—Head and body 440; tail 450; hind foot (with claws) vi

160; (from fresh specimens by collector); ear from meatus in dried skin
about 60. Skull: median upper length 88 (87.6, 87.02) condylobasal length

77.0 (75.6, 73.6); palatal length (median) 41.2 (41.0, 39.0); length of nasals fy
(median) 31.6 (32.8, 32.4); zygomatic breadth 57.0 (—, 56.0); least inter- hi
orbital breadth 38.0 (36.8, 36.0); greatest breadth across mastoid bullae, a
45.6 (44.0, 45.2); post-incisive constriction 17.0 (14.4, 15.0); combined ret
breadth of nasals anteriorly 15.0 (14.2, 14.0); combined breadth of nasals Ni
posteriorly 22.8 (20.6, 22.0); alveolar-frontal depth, 36.2 (35.0, 35.0); i
mandible 56.0 (55.6, 55.2); maxillary toothrow (alveoli) 19.0 (19.0, 18.8); ini
mandibular toothrow (alveoli) 21.4 (20.0, 19.0); combined breadth of
maxillary incisors along cutting edge 10.6 (8.0, 8.6); combined breadth ai
of mandibular incisors along cutting edge 9.4 (7.8, 8.0).
Specimens examined.—Two, the type from Dodoma, and an immature
female from Mukwese, Manyoni. Y
1Published here by permission of the Acting Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
2Measurements in parenthesis are those of two specimens from Malmani Oog, Trans- |
vaal, adult male, No. 221386, and adult female, No. 221381, both collected by H. C. ie
Raven in 1919. ua
24—Proc. Brou. Soc. WasH., Vou. 40, 1927. (113) vin

114 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Remarks.—That this animal is a form of Pedetes cafer and not a near
relative of P. surdaster is shown by the high development of the two char-
acters which appear to distinguish the northern and southern members
of the genus specifically; that is, by the strong contrast between the an-
terior and posterior breadths of the nasals and by the backward inflation
of the mastoid bullae to a level obviously behind that of the external occi-
pital crest. In its more nearly parallel-sided nasals and slightly backward-
inflated bullae the adult of Pedetes surdaster retains features which in
P. cafer are characteristics of immaturity.

I have not seen specimens of the two races (saline and orangie) of
Pedetes cafer described by Wroughton in 1907. In both of these, however,
the tail is explicitly said to have the ventral area white, and not merely
lighter brown than the upper surface. There is no white on the tail in the
specimens from Transvaal collected by Raven, nor in either of the skins
from Tanganyika. Wroughton furthermore makes no mention of a con-
spicuous pattern of hind foot coloration such as that which is present in
the Tanganyika race, or of any special enlargement of the incisor teeth,

Vol. 40, pp. 115-116 September 26, 1927

PROCEEDINGS oy)
OF THE ZANT ASO)

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTO

A NEW KANGAROO MOUSE FROM CALIFORNIA.

BY E. A. GOLDMAN.

In connection with a revision of the genus Microdipodops
Mr. Donald R. Dickey has generously placed at my disposi-
tion his collection of specimens of these little known rodents.
The new subspecies described below is named for Mr. Dickey
in recognition of his important work on mammals.

Microdipodops megacephalus dickeyi, subsp. nov.
DICKEY’S KANGAROO MOUSE.

Type.—From 3 miles southeast of Oasis, Mono County, California
(altitude about 5,150 feet). No. K1036, 9 adult, collection of Donald
R. Dickey, collected by Laurence M. Huey, August 19, 1922.

General characters.—A large, very pale form, most closely allied to M.
pallidus, but still paler, with narrower mastoids and smaller teeth. Size
and color about as in M. m. lucidus, but skull quite different.

Color.—Type: Face, top and sides of head and general dorsal area very
light buff, finely and inconspicuously lined with black; under parts, lower
part of flanks, forelimbs and hind feet pure white; postauricular white
spots present as usual in the group; tail pale buffy above, white below.

Skull.—Very similar to that of M. pallidus; mastoids about as large as in
pallidus, but narrower, less expanded laterally near auditory meatus, fully
inflated posteriorly, the outer sides more nearly parallel, giving them a
rather squarish appearance; teeth (incisors and molars) smaller; supraoc-
cipital and interparietal narrowly compressed as in pallidus. Compared
with the skull of M. m. lucidus, the mastoids and audital bullae are smaller,
less inflated, the nasals are longer, and the teeth decidedly larger.

Measurements.—Type: Total length, 170; tail vertebrae, 95; hind foot
25. Skull (type): Length (median line), 27.2; greatest width (between
outer sides of audital bullae), 19.3; zygomatic breadth (immediately in
front of audital bullae), 11.6; length of nasals, 10; interorbital breadth,
11.7; maxillary toothrow (alveolar length), 3.2; width of upper incisors
(cutting edge), 1.3.

Remarks.—The kangaroo mouse here described is limited in known dis-
tribution to the basin-like valleys lying between the White Mountains in

25—Proc. Bron. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 40, 1927. (115)

==
SS

Tt |

ee
=x a

3
= ne

116 Proceedings of the Biological Sisien of Washington.

California on the west and the Silver Peak Mountains in Nevada on the
east. It is surprisingly unlike its near geographic neighbors M. polionotus
and M. m. lucidus which inhabit valleys somewhat isolated by mountain
ranges to the westward and eastward respectively. No other kangaroo
mouse is known to range quite so far south.

Specimens examined.—Total number, 54, as tollows:

California: Deep Spring Valley (middle), Inyo County, 7; Oasis (type
locality), Mono County, 36. |

Nevada: Dyer, 9; Palmetto Wash (mouth), Esmeralda County, 2.

Vol. 40, pp. 117-118 September 26, 1927

PROCEEDINGS

* fy, zs
A FEW NOTES ON PLANT NAMES. See,
maa iN}

BY WILLIAM A. DAYTON.

-iIsMA Names Are Neuter.

The recent transfer, incorrectly spelled, of a considerable
number of names to the genus Syntherisma calls attention to
the fact that this genus, though neuter, is treated by most
writers as if feminine. The same is true of other genera ending
in -2sma, and -sma generally; in fact, Greek nouns ending in
-wa are regularly neuter. A few illustrations, taken at random,
will suffice,—all being neuter and taking the definite article
76: ddioua, a Water plant; dvdycacua, compulsion; dvdcua, a multi-
colored dress; «:@ép.cua, music for the cithara; rd«picua, Something
torn; pédcua, melody; oppayicua., a seal; WiOvpioua, A whisper. In
this category belong such generic names as A phanisma, Chylisma,
Pholisma, Syntherisma, and Xolisma, all of which are neuter;
hence, for example, we should say Syntherisma sanguinale and
Xolisma ferrugineum rather than the customary S. sanguinalis
and X. ferruginea.

An apparent exception to this rule is the -osma names, such
as Glycosma, Rutosma, Synosma, Thamnosma, and Xanthosma,
which are sometimes treated as neuter but are really feminine,—
the original Greek ending being -é, not -a (from 4 écu%, odor) ;
hence, for example, we should use Thamnosma montana, not
T. monitanum as it is customarily spelled.

Ranuncuuus acris L., Sp. Pl. 554. 1758.
Ericeron acris L., Sp. Pl. 653. 1758.

The original anollias of these ceeaae names is still generally JaneeA to,

although in the third edition of Species Plantarum Hrigeron acris was

changed to H. acre. It is sufficiently obvious that these names should be
written Ranunculus acer L. and Erigeron acer L., respectively.

DESMODIUM BATOCAULON A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 47. 1858.
MeErsomiA BATOCAULIS (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 197. 1891.
Meibomia is the accepted generic name under the American Code.
26—Proc. Brou. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 40, 1927. (117)

OF THE al iHsow
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON AT

Pill}
wm

118 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

The above species is a highly palatable and valuable forage plant of the
woodland-oak types of Arizona and it is desirable that its name be properly
spelled. Dr. Gray’s specific name was Greek; Dr. Kuntze has made it a
hybrid—neither Greek nor Latin. The Latin form, of course, would be
baticaulis, but an arbitrary change from a Greek to a Latin form is cer-
tainly unwarranted. The suffix -caulon, to be sure, is not Attic Greek,
the word for stem (cognate with Latin caulis) being 6 kavdés, though
there are related diminutives, cavAeiov and xavdloyv, It is customary to
regard these -caulos, -caulon specific names as adjectives, the feminine form
of which would be -caule. Clearly, therefore, the proper spelling of the
name of this leguminous plant under the American Code is Meibomia
batocaule (A. Gray) Kuntze.

Dyssop1a Cav. Descr. Pl. 202. 1802.

Two things are evident as regards the form of this generic name: (1)
that Cavanilles published it as spelled above, and (2) that, until very
recently, American botanical writers have almost universally spelled it
Dysodia. That the etymology is from the Greek dvowdia, a foul smell,
seems sufficiently obvious—more especially in view of Cavanilles’ comment
(op. cit.):“° * * * Jlamada alli vulgarmente Ruda por su mal olor.”
The double s obscures the etymology and is a patent misspelling. Asa
Gray was thoroughly justified in deliberately dropping one s from this
name in Syn. FI. 12: 355. 1888, and it is only a most rigid interpretation of
priority that can set his action aside. Dysodia is the orthographically
correct form of this name.

On Certain Priorities.

The U. 8. Department of Agriculture, in rejecting duplicating plant
binomials, took a fine forward step towards a reasonable rapprochement
between the American and International Codes. By a sort of tacit under-
standing, moreover, certain other concessions to good taste and propriety
have been pretty generally adopted maugre priority pure and simple;
examples of this sort are shown in the use of Washingtonia for the palm in-
stead of umbellifer genus; in the admissibility of the rather irregularly
published Sequoia washingtoniana (=S. gigantea Dec., not Endl.) vice
Sequoia wellingtonia; in the use of Toxylon, instead of Toxylon, for Osage-
orange, and so on. The writer feels that the action indicated exhibits
and presages a safe and healthy tendency in American botany. He be-
lieves the time is ripe for those following the American Code to consider
seriously classification and possible adoption of certain groups of desirable
conserved names, and (in Bul. Torr. Bot. Club 53: 157-160. 1926) has
proposed one form of departure from pure priority. May I suggest another
line of departure from nomina priora that might well be considered? That
is, that names which are obviously and completely unscientific be rejected?
Botany is a science; as far as it is a science, therefore, it must of necessity
hold no brief for what it knows to be wholly false and untrue. Under such
a ruling Asclepias syriaca L. would be rejected in favor of A. cornuti Dec.,
and Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schn. would not be permitted to oust
S. californica Nutt.

Vol. 40, pp. 119-122 September 26, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

PLANTS.
BY WILLIAM A. DAYTON.

In the course of study of the range flora of the western Na-
tional Forests the following new binomials have been found
necessary. Mr. Tidestrom has given me permission to include
here certain new combinations which should be attributed to
him.

Hookera lemmonae (S. Wats.) Tidestrom, comb. nov.

Brodiaea lemmonae 8. Wats., Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 376. 1885.
Triteleia lemmonae (S. Wats.) Greene, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 141. 1886.

Sedum watsoni (Britton) Tidestrom, comb. nov.

Gormania watsoni Britton, ex Britt. & Rose, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3:
29. 1903.

Cotyledon oregonensis S. Wats., Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. 14: 292. 1879.

Not Sedum oreganum Nutt., ex Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 7: 559. 1840.

Prunus crenulata (Greene) Tidestrom, comb. nov.

Cerasus crenulata Greene, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 56. 1905. (Not to
be confused with the Japanese P. crenata Koehne.)

This New Mexico-Arizonan ally of Prunus emarginata (Dougl.) Walp.
and P. prunifolia (Greene) Shafer seems to be a sufficiently well-marked
species, with glabrous (or nearly so) herbage; narrow leaves evenly crenu-
late, never emarginate but acute or obtuse, and of a lance—or elliptic—
oblong type (never obovate or oblanceolate); and small bright red drupes
8 mm. thick or less.

Lotus nummulus, nom. nov.

Hosackia rigida nummularia M. E. Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 2d ser.,
5: 633. 1895.

Anisolotus nummularius (M. E. Jones) Woot. & Standl., Contr. U. S8.
Nat. Herb. 16: 1385. 1913.

27—Proc. Brou. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 40, 1927. (119)

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Ai

120 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Lotus nummularius Tidestrom, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 25: 303. 1925.
Not Lotus nummularius Reichenb. ex Steud. Nom. Bot. 2: 74. 1841.
2d ed.

Oxytropis besseyi (Rydb.) Tidestrom, comb. nov.
Aragallus besseyi Rydb., Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 250. 1900.

Mr. Tidestrom has frequently used the name Oxytropis besseyi in identi-
fying Forest Service range plant material but, so far as I can ascertain, the
combination has never been published. Dr. C. Dwight Marsh has also
used the name in print (see U. S. Dept. Agr. bulletins no. 575 (pub. 1918)
and no. 1245 (pub. 1924)) but no synonymy is given and neither the de-
scription nor colored figure there given seem to me at all definitive of this
particular species; it would seem, therefore, that the combination has not
been validly published by Marsh. Dr. Marsh categorically dismisses
this species from the rank of locoweeds. All our National Forest material
shows bluish or purplish flowers; Dr. Marsh’s plate has the flowers of a
distinctly reddish hue. |

Oxytropis macounii (Greene), comb. nov.

Oxytropis campestris spicata Hook., Fl. Bor. Amer. [: 147. 1830.

Aragallus spicatus (Hook.) Rydb., Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 251. 1900.

? Oxytropis spicata (Hook.) Pammel, Man. Pois. Plants 2: 569. 1911.

Oxytropis spicata (Hook.) Standl., Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 22: 373. 1921.

Not O. spicata (Pall.) Olga & Boris Fedtsch., Consp. Fl. Turkestan 2: 188.
1909, based on Astragalus spicatus Pall., Reise durch Verschied.
Prov. Russ. Reichs 2: 742 (app. 118, t. w.) 1776.

Aragallus macounti Greene, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18: 16. 1905.

Argallus cervinus Greene, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18: 16. 1905.

Thurberia triloba (DC.) Tidestrom, comb. noy.

Ingenhouzia triloba DC., Prodr. 1: 474. 1824.
Thurberia thespesioides A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad., new ser., 5: 308.
1855.

It is obvious that DeCandolle’s malvaceous genus Ingenhouzia (loc.
cit.) is a homonym, about a dozen genera of that name (or else of but slight
variations in spelling) having been proposed. It would be a pity if the
celebrated Johannes Ingenhousz (1730-1779), who was, with de Saussure,
the founder of the science of plant nutrition and who was the first to demon-
strate that carbon, the most abundant constituent of vegetable tissue,
originates from the CO: of the atmosphere, were deprived of being the
eponym ofa plant genus. The writer trusts that the oldest of these names,
Dennstaedt’s Ingenhoussia (1818), may yet prove a tenable generic name,
although the Index Kewensis refers it to Vitis; apparently the only Wash-
ington copy of the work where this name was published, ‘‘Schliissel zum’
Hortus Indicus Malabaricus,”’ owned by the Library of Congress, is, I am
informed, lost.

Dayton—New Names for Some Western Montane Plants. 121

That DeCandolle’s Ingenhouzia and Gray’s Thurberia are synonyms h
seems also to be very clear. Inthe foreword to his ‘‘Calques des dessins de
la flore du Mexique, de Mogifio et Sessé,’’ 1874, Alphonse DeCandolle it
notes: ‘“‘M. Asa Gray, en parcourant nos dessins, a reconnu dans le genre i
Ingenhouzia DC. celui qu’il a publié lui-méme plus tard, sous le nom de

Thurberia,”’ and again, in the index under Ingenhouzia, he has this nota- I
tion: “‘Ce genre, fondé sur la t. 101 des Icones florae mexicanae, a été
reconnu par M. Asa Gray, a Genéve, en 1869, pour étre son Thurberia, et

l’espéce pour son Th. thespesioides, dont il a donné une excellente figure }
dans ses Plantae Thurberianae, t. 6. L/’identité est si évidente qu’il a— ie
paru inutile de calquer le dessin. Le nom générique Ingenhouzia subsiste,
étant le plus ancien.”

Conanthus xylopodus (Woot. & Standl.) Tidestrom, comb. nov.

Marilaunidiwm xylopodum Woot. & Standl., Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 76:
162. 1913.

Vol. 40, pp. 123-124 September 26, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BY E. R. DUNN.

In 1923 Baron G. J. Fejérvary published (Ann. Mus. Hun-
garici, 20, p. 178) a diagnosis of a new family of frogs. This
family, Ascaphidae, was based on the single genus Ascaphus
Stejneger, which he removed by his action from the family
Discoglossidae. The family was defined and certain skeletal
and muscular characters are mentioned.

According to Article 4 of the Code, Ascaphus is the type genus of this
family, and according to Article 5, the name ‘“‘is to be changed when the
name of the type genus is changed,”’ and by implication not to be changed
unless the name of the type genus is changed.

In 1924 Dr. G. K. Noble (Amer. Mus. Novitates No. 132, p. 9), con-
sidering Ascaphus and Liopelma as together forming a family distinct from
the Discoglossidae uses the name Liopelmidae as proposed by himself. He
does not mention Fejérvary’s previous action, although he was aware of
it, as appears by the citation of the latter’s paper in the list of references.

This action of Noble’s is indefensible. He has not ‘‘changed the name
of the type genus”’ and the fact that Liopelma is the older of the two
genera is irrelevant, as the code nowhere gives the right to pick a new
type genus.

Noble says that he follows ‘‘present day custom in using the oldest
generic name in forming the family name,” which is all very well, provided
no names have yet been founded on any of the included genera, but this
is very different from ignoring a previous name, and thus producing the
impression that none had been given. On this basis we may expect soon
to see the name Huryceidae Noble substituted for Plethodontidae Gray 1850
(Eurycea Rafinesque 1822; Plethodon Tschudi 1838). Other examples
might be cited which could be changed on exactly the same principle as
that on which Noble has discarded Ascaphidae.. Yet these names are in
general use, and sanctioned by high authority in nomenclatorial affairs.

Noble says further in dealing with a Neotropical group which he con-
siders distinct from the Leptodactylidae, ‘‘I have erected’’ the family
Brachycephalidae. Yet the authority for this family name is not Noble,
but Gray, who proposed the name in 1856.

28—Proc. Brou. Soc. WasH., Vou. 40, 1927. (123)

]
*E

Vol. 40, pp. 125-126 September 26, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SUBSPECIES OF BEAVER.
BY E. W. NELSON.

The mammal collection of the Biological Survey contains
several specimens which appear to represent a previously unde-
scribed subspecies of beaver. So far as known, it is peculiar

to the drainage basin of the Humboldt River in Nevada, and .

probably also that of the neighboring Carson River, although
no specimens are available to determine this.

This new geographic subspecies is most nearly related to Castor cana-
densis frondator of the Colorado River drainage, as shown by specimens
from northern and eastern Arizona. It is darker than frondator and has a
slenderer skull. From C. c. leucodontus from the Columbia River drainage
in eastern Washington and Oregon it differs in its distinctly paler color
and slenderer skull. The skull of the new subspecies differs much more
from that of C. c. subauratus, its nearest neighbor geographically, on the
western side of the Sierra Nevada, than from those of the two other sub-
species named above. The narrow skull and especially the rostrum of
the Humboldt River beaver contrasting strongly with the massive skull
and broad heavy rostrum of subauratus.

This beaver is named in honor of Mr. Vernon Bailey, of the Biological
Survey in recognition of his field and technical studies of the beavers which
have added largely to our knowledge of these interesting animals.

All measurements are in millimeters.

Castor canadensis baileyi, subsp. nov.
HUMBOLDT RIVER BEAVER.

Type from the Humboldt River, 4 miles above Winnemucca, Nevada;
No. 228006, & adult, U. S. National Museum (Biological Survey collec-
tion), collected by J. R. Bunch, October 13, 1917.

General characters.—Color nearest that of frondator but a little darker;
distinctly paler than lewcodontus; skull comparatively light and narrow
with much narrower and slenderer rostrum than in either frondator, leuco-
dontus or subauratus.

29—Proc. Bron. Soc. Wasz., Vou. 40, 1927. (125)

126 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Color of type in fall pelage—Upperparts dull rusty chestnut, brightest
on crown with a dull yellowish shade on the cheeks; ears dark brown; base
of tail all around uniform with adjacent parts of body; tops of hind feet
dark chestnut; underparts of body dull drab brown.

Measurements of type.-—Total length, 1064; tail, 254 (length of naked
part, dry, 241, width, 135); hind foot, 183; ear (dry), 24. Skull: Condylo-
basal length, 133.2; greatest zygomatic breadth, 92.2; breadth of braincase,
42.2; breadth of intercrbital constriction, 22.3; breadth of rostrum at base,
29; eget of nasals, 48.7; greatest breadth of nasals, 21.1; alveolar length,
upper molar series, 31.2.

Eight specimens examined, all from N evada. Winnemucca, 5 skins
and skulls; Iron Point, 1 skin and skull; Golconda, 1 skull; Deeth, 1 skull.

Vol. 40, pp. 127-128 September 26, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHIN

TWO NEW BORNEAN SNAKES.
BY THOMAS BARBOUR.

In a collection of reptiles made in Dutch Borneo last year by
Dr. Eric Mjoberg I have found two species of Calamaria which
appear to be undescribed. At first it may seem unwise to add
to the complications existing within this genus, but it does seem
that most of the many species recently described are valid and
in most cases well defined. Whether the species are really very
restricted in their range as seems now to be the case or whether
some, at least, range widely, only time with much more ex-
tensive collecting will tell.

The new forms may be called

Calamaria egregia, sp. nov.

Type M. C. Z. 22648 from Mt. Tibang, alt. 1500 meters, Northern Cen-
tral Dutch Borneo.

Diagnosts.—Rather similar to Calamarta brachyura from Mt. Kina Balu,
but having a larger number of subcaudals, a smaller eye, and a different
colouration.

Description.—Diameter of eye distinctly less than its distance from the
mouth; rostral slightly wider than long, slightly over three times as wide
as a supraocular, much shorter than the parietals; one prae and one post
ocular; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fourth much the
smallest; first lower labials on each side in contact; both pairs of chin-
shields in contact. Scales in 13 rows, ventrals 202, subcaudals 16.

Colour.—Slaty grey above with six dark longitudinal lines, the median
pair very narrow, the outer pair broad and distinct. Area between lateral
and outer or latero-ventral lines whitish, all ventral surfaces immaculate
white. There is a white postocular area and an extension of the ventral
white up onto the sides a short distance behind the angle of the jaws. Tail
dark above with two large white spots above the vent and two near the
tip, a row of fine white dots along each side. The white areas are probably
all red in life.

Dr. Mjoberg found many species or nearly allied forms occurring on Mt.

30—Proc. Broun. Soc. Wasx., Vou. 40, 1927. (127)

128 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Tibang which were formerly supposed to be confined to Mt. Kina Balu.
This form belongs to this category although it is not so very similar to its
more northern ally, C. brachyura.

Calamaria electa, sp. nov.

Type M. C. Z. 22650 from Pasir, Southeastern Dutch Borneo, collected
by Dr. Eric Mjoberg in 1926.

A form apparently related to C. swmatrana with a slightly smaller eye,
some slight differences in squamation and very different colouration.

Description.—Diameter of eye slightly less than its distance from the
mouth; rostral very slightly broader than deep; frontal a little longer than
broad and a little more than twice as wide as a supraocular; only a little
shorter than the parietals; one small narrow prae and one larger postocular;
five upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, the third the smallest;
mental and anterior chin shields in contact; posterior chinshields in con-
tact for a short distance anteriorly only. Scales in 13 rows, ventrals 156,
subcaudals 17.

Colour.—Dark brown, uniform above; scales of the two outer rows
with white spots, ventrals and subcaudals all half yellow anteriorly and
half blackish brown. No other markings.

Vol. 40, pp. 129-130 September 26, 1927
PROCEED EN Gs

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

A NEW BAT FROM COLOMBI
BY H. HAROLD SHAMEL.

In working over a collection of mammals from Colombia,
South America, received from the Instituto de la Salle at Bogota,
the following new subspecies of bat was found.

Sturnira lilium bogotensis, subsp. nov.

Type.—Adult female, skin and skull, No. 251989 U.S. National Museum,
collected at Bogota (Estacion ‘‘La Uribe’’), Colombia.

Characters.—A small-toothed form like the Mexican Sturnira liliwm
parvidens Goldman, but with longer foot and forearm. |

Color.—Upperparts clove brown slightly darker around eyes and ex- ty
tending unto forehead, the grayish white subapical band of the fur every-

where showing through the brown on the back. The fur at the base has a
very narrow band of whitish gray, succeeded by a very broad band of brown, fi
followed in turn by a somewhat narrower band of whitish gray, with the Ae
tips brown. These bands are strongly marked in the type as well as four Ae
other specimens examined. The fur is long and thick, about 9.2 on the (
back as compared with 6.5 in the type of Sturnira l. parvidens. The under- | .
parts are a lighter gray-brown with two large dark brown spots at the base
of the wing surrounded by a border of lighter brown. Epaulettes present,
but not strongly marked and the fur seems to be of the same texture as the fy
surrounding fur, and in no instance is it bristle-like as in many specimens i
of S. 1. lilium. ail
Skull.—The skull seems to be not different from that of the northern ii
form except in its greater interorbital, zygomatic and cranial breadths. i
Teeth.—Molariform teeth small in transverse extent like those of S. l. i
parvidens, the toothrow averaging shorter; in four skulls from Colombia the le
maxillary toothrow is 6.0-6.2 as against 6.2-6.4 in 3 skulls from Mexico. |
Measurements.—Type: Head and body, 67.8; tibia, 15.8; foot, 15.0; ilk

thumb, 11.2; forearm, 45.2; third metacarpal, 45.0; fifth metacarpal, 45.5
(all measurements taken from dry skins); total length of skull, 22.6; con-
dylo-basal length, 18.5; interorbital breadth, 6.1; zygomatic breadth, 13.2; \
breadth of braincase, 10.6; maxillary toothrow, 6.0, mandibular toothrow, |

6.6; width at base of canines, 5.4.

1Published here by permission of the Acting Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution ie
31—Proc. Biou. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 40, 1927. (129) Ble

130 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Specimens examtned.—Five from the following localities: Bogota, 4 in-
cluding the type, and Villavicencio, 1.

Remarks.—This bat has been compared with four specimens of S. 1. parvt-
dens in the U.S. N. M. collection, one skin, the type from Guerrero and three
alcoholics all from Vera Cruz, Mexico. It is distinguished by its larger
foot, 14.8-15.5 instead of 11.5-12.6, by its average longer forearm, 44.6-
45.5 instead of 39.8-45.0, and length of third metacarpal, 43.0-45.8 in-
stead of 39.0-44.0. The fur is also darker and thicker. In the synonymy
under Sturnira lilium the names nearest it geographically are erythromos
and oporaphilum, Tschudi, Fauna Peruana, 1844, p. 64, the types of which,
in Neuchatel, Switzerland, were examined and measured by Mr. G. §.
Miller, Jr. in 1904. The measurements made by Mr. Miller show the
wing and foot to be too small for the Colombia bat. The measurements
are as follows: ‘‘Phyllostoma erythromos Tschudi, forearm, 40; tibia, about
14; foot, 11; third finger, about 90. Phyllostoma oporophilum Tschudi,
forearm, 42; tibia about 18; foot, 11.”

GY. 673 a

Vol. 40, pp. 131-138 September 26, 1927 il
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE (HSONTAN Te in

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHI N "S87 Se, a

q NS ae

Dotan ON Il

a i939 Z\ '

Suseut # |

NOTES ON THE GENUS RHAGOVELIA, WITH DE- ; I
SCRIPTIONS OF SIX NEW SPECIES.!

BY C. J. DRAKE AND HALBERT M. HARRIS. P

In working over some miscellaneous Hemiptera collected by }

the authors during the past few seasons much difficulty was en- ie
countered in determining the specimens belonging to the genus
Rhagovelia. This led to a rather critical study of all available

material with the result that several species new to science have Mi
been recognized. The genus Fhagovelia, family Veliidae, is |
readily distinguished by the deeply cleft terminal segment of ty

the intermediate tarsi. This cleft bears a tuft of long hairs
which, it is said, extends fan-like into the water when the in-
sect is in motion. Although recent keys characterize the an-
terior tarsi as uniarticulate they are, as Champion has long ago ain
pointed out, composed of three distinct segments. Rhagoveliae Hi
prefer fairly rapid parts of streams, where they may be found in
congregated in schools, especially in eddies near projecting
rocks.

During this study the writers have found the characters of tt
the posterior legs in certain species to vary with sex and with il
wing development. In obesa and distincta, the posterior legs a
vary markedly in their degree of incrassateness in individuals |
from the same locality. Likewise, the hind tibiae also vary
from straight to distinctly sinuate and the spines of the femora
are slightly variable, even on opposite legs of the same speci- Ali
men. In other species, long series of specimens have failed i
to show more than slight variation in these and other charac- mM
ters, even in apterous and macropterous individuals. vl

The proportional measurements, as given in the descriptions, i"

|
1Contribution from Department of Zoology and Entomology, Iowa State College, ie
Ames, Iowa.

32—Proc. Bron. Soc. Wasn., Vou. 40, 1927. (131) h

132 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

were made with an eye-piece micrometer on which 34 lines equal
one millimeter. In the case of the legs the figures represent
inside measurement.

Rhagovelia oriander Parshley.

Winged form: Black, the wings dark brownish black. Pronotum with a
grayish brown spot on either side in front. Hemelytra reaching slightly
beyond apex of genital segments.

Male: Pronotum a little longer than wide, acutely triangularly produced
behind, with a fairly distinct median carina, the disc considerably swollen.
Length, 3.44 mm.; width 1.48 mm.

Female: Pronotum much longer than wide, the apex praduced into a
semi-erect, somewhat cylindrical process. Length, 3.89 mm.; width,
1.63 mm.

Morphotypes, macropterous male and female, taken on Olentangy River,
Columbus, Ohio, October 10, 1915, by C. J. Drake. Paramorphotypes,
males and females, taken with morphotypes and at Rockbridge, Hocking
Co., Ohio, July 7, 1916.

Apterous males and females were taken with the winged forms. The
pronotal process is more developed in some specimens than in others; the
hind femora of the males also show a slight variation in size in different
specimens taken from the same colony. Specimens of the apterous form
from Ames, Iowa, and from the type locality, Brookings, 8S. D., in addition
to many specimens from Le Sueur, Brandon, Red Wing and Benson, Minne-
sota, and also from Hennepin County, Minnesota, are before us. The
Ohio specimens have slightly shorter appendages than those from Iowa
and South Dakota.

Rhagovelia obesa Uhler.

Many specimens of winged and wingless individuals from Tennessee
are at hand; also apterous forms from New York and Pennsylvania. The
hind femora of the apterous males vary markedly in size in different speci-
mens. The posterior tibiae are sinuate in the form having strongly in-
crassate femora. The bifid pronota! process of the macropterous female
varies slightly in size in different individuals.

R. arctoa Bueno, of which twelve paratypes and more than seven hun-
dred other specimens (mostly type material from University of Minnesota
collection) have been studied, is inseparable from obesa except for color
markings. In arctoa the legs are slightly darker, the anterior femora are
without the pale basal markings and the coxae and trochanters (basal por-
tion of the anterior ones excepted) also are black. In specimens from ~
Ottawa, Ontario, collected by C. H. Curran, August 23, 1925, the coxae
and trochanters are distinctly paler than in the Minnesota specimens. A
macropterous female from Minnesota has a bifid pronotal process as in
typical obesa.

Paratypes of R. flavicincta Bueno indicate that this form also is extremely
close to R. obesa Uhler.

Drake and Harris—Notes on the Genus Rhagovelia. 133

Rhagovelia knighti, n. sp.

Form, size, general color, and markings very similar to R. obesa Uhl.

Apterous male: Antennae blackish, somewhat shiny, with the usual seta-
like hairs, the basal one-third of segment I yellowish, the proportional
length of segments:—I:IL:HI1:1V =26:16:18:15. Pronotum broader than
long, broadly rounded behind, with two yellowish spots in front. Con-
nexivum narrowly margined with flavous to reddish brown. Body beneath
bluish gray, the anterior and posterior coxae, all trochanters, margins of
all acetabula and the basal part of anterior femora yellowish. Anterior
trochanter with a dark spine. Intermediate legs:—femur:tibia:tarsal II:
IIT =56:41:21:26. Posterior legs:—42 (wide 12):39:6:11. Posterior fe-
mora rather strongly incrassate, armed with a row of short teeth along the
basal two-fifths, and from there to apex with a row of 8-9 spines which
become much shortened distally and also a row of smaller teeth. Last
segment of venter depressed on either side, emarginate behind, clothed as
in obesa. First genital segment brownish, depressed on each side, with a
distinct median ridge. Length, 3.20 mm.; width, 1.12 mm.

Apterous female: Pronotum broadly rounded behind, depressed in the
middle, with a fairly distinct median ridge, marked in front as in male.
Mesonotum emarginate behind; the metanotum truncate. Connexivum
broadly margined with flavous, with a tuft of brown hairs at the apex, not
so strongly produced at the apex as in obesa. Posterior margin of last
abdominal segment with a tuft of rather long hairs on each side. Last
segment of venter clothed with brownish hairs, its length and width sub
equal (18:19). Antennae and intermediate legs as in male. Posterior
legs:—41 (wide 7):45:5:10; the femora armed with a longer spine at the
apical two-fifths, and from thence to apex with 3-4 very short spines
Length, 3.2 mm.; width, 1.18 mm.

Holotype, apterous male; allotype, apterous female; paratypes, several
apterous males and females; all taken at Hollister, Missouri, Sept. 5-10,
1925, H. H. Knight, collector. Holotype and allotype in authors’ collec-
tion, paratypes in collections of H. H. Knight, lowa State College, and the
authors.

The male of R. knighti n. sp. is rather difficult to separate from the male
of R. obesa Uhler; the female is easily recognized by the rounded posterior
margin of the pronotum and the apical angle of the connexivum.

Rhagovelia rivale Bueno.

A long series of atperous males and females taken at Wray, Colorado,
August 4, 1925, by C. J. Drake is at hand. The posterior margin of the
pronotum, which is acutely rounded in the male and broadly rounded in
the female, differentiates rivale from closely allied species. A male and
female from Lawrence, Kansas, collected by Dr. Hugo Kahl, October 1.
1926, and two paratypes have also been examined.

134 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Rhagovelia choreutes Hussey.

Several specimens of apterous females collected at Gainesville, Florida,
July 14, 1918, by C. J. Drake and a long series of apterous males and fe-
males, New Braunfels, Texas, June 22, 1917, H. H. Knight, collector, have
been studied. In none of the specimens are the middle femora yellow on
the basal half as characterized by Hussey (Jl. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XX XIII, p.
67, 1925). However, there is a tendency for the hind femora to be pale
along two broad patches at the base.

Rhagovelia distincta. Champion.

Several winged males and females and a long series of apterous speci-
mens collected by Dr. Herbert Osborn at Orizaba, V. C., Mexico, January
9-16, 1892, also two cotypes from the same locality, have been studied.
The posterior femora of the wingless males are considerably more incras-
sate in some individuals than in others.

Rhagovelia excellentis, n. sp.

Elongate, dull black with an aeneous lustre, sides of pronotum including
acetabula testaceous. Legs black, the anterior and posterior coxae, the —
anterior trochanters in part, the intermediate and posterior trochanters in
part, an inconspicuous spot on base af anterior femora, and margins of all
acetabula testaceous to brownish. Entire body clothed with short pubes-
cence, the sides of the pronotum with a few scattered long hairs. Pronotum
grayish in front, with a small yellowish spot on each side of median carina.
Antennae brownish black, the basal fifth of segment I brownish testaceous.
Anterior trochanters unarmed.

Apterous male: Pronotum broader than long, broadly rounded behind,
depressed on either side in front. Mesonotum and metanotum truncate
behind. Antennal formula:—I:ID:II1:1V =32:20:19:17. Abdomen nar-
rowed posteriorly, with a shiny blackish spot on each tergite; the connexi-
vum margined with brownish. Last segment of venter depressed pos-
teriorly and with a distinct ridge on either side, the hairs clothing the ridge
longer. Formula intermediate leg:—femur:tibia:tarsal I]:11I—72:56:32:
32. Posterior femora moderately incrassate, armed at the basal two-fifths
with a long, bent, black spine which is followed by 10 shorter stout spines
and preceded by a row of short black teeth. Posterior tibia denticulate
within, with a short spur at the apex. Posterior leg formula:—femur:
tibia :tarsal IL:IIT=55 (wide 14):57:8:13. Genital segments clothed with
longer hairs, dark brownish beneath, the basal segment paler. Length,
4.48 mm.; width, 1.33 mm.

Apterous female: Antennal formula:—I:IT:III:1V =38 :24:22:18. Prono-
tum much more broadly rounded than in male, the yellowish spots in front
a little larger. Mesonotum and metanotum slightly emarginate behind.
Connexivum strongly reflexed but not meeting above, margined with
brownish, with slightly longer, thicker, and darker hairs at apices of first,
fifth and sixth segments. Last segment of venter beneath darker than
others, clothed with longer hairs, slightly raised and faintly produced at

Drake and Harris—Notes on the Genus Rhagovelia. 135

the middle behind, its length greater than its width (26:22). Formula
middle leg:—femur:tibia:tarsal IJ:II]=79:60:32:35. Posterior femora
slightly swollen, not wider than intermediate ones, slightly sinuate within,
armed at the apical two-fifths with a long black spine and from thence to
the apex with 4-5 shorter spines. Formula posterior leg:—femur:tibia:
tarsal II:II] =57 (wide 8):70:8:14. Length, 4.34 mm.; width, 1.65 mm.

Holotype, apterous male; allotype, apterous female; paratypes, many
apterous males and females; collected from irrigation canal and a small
stream near Dolores, Colo., August 15, 1925, by C. J. Drake. Types in
authors’ collection, paratypes in collections of lowa State College, Colorado
Agricultural College and the authors. Exzcellentis is probably most closely
related to distincta Champ. However in the female the pronotum is more
rounded at the base, the intermediate legs are longer, the apex of the last
segment of the connexivum is more strongly produced, and the last abdomi-
nal segment above is without the heavy patch of hairs. The male of
excellentis is distinctly longer and has longer legs.

Rhagovelia calopa, n. sp.

Apterous male: Short, stout, fusiform, rather densely clothed with short
fine hairs interspersed with numerous long hairs. Body grayish black; the
legs darker, somewhat shiny, clothed with long hairs; pronotum with a
large yellowish brown spot on each side in front. Head with the usual
impressed lines. Pronotum short, slightly more than one-half as long as
the head, its basal margin almost straight. Mesonotum very large, three
and one-half times as long as the pronotum, truncate behind. Abdomen
strongly narrowed posteriorly, connexivum broad, strongly narrowed
apically. Venter bluish gray, the last segment and also the genital seg-
ments brownish. All coxae, anterior and posterior trochanters, base of
anterior femora, and base and two longitudinal stripes on posterior femora
yellowish.

Antennae black, somewhat shiny, the basal third of the proximal seg-
ment pale, I and II with the usual scattered setae and long hairs; the pro-
portion :-—I:IT:111:1V =31:18:13:16. Anterior trochanters unarmed. For-
mula middle leg:—femur:tibia:tarsal IT:ITI] =64:47:23:28. Hind leg:—
52 (wide 20):54:5:12. Posterior femora greatly swollen, armed with a
double row of spines, those of the anterior (outer) row shorter and con-
tinuing for the entire length of femora and onto the trochanters; the inner
row irregular, with a longer, stouter spine at the basal third and one or two
double spines near the middle. Posterior tibiae with a double row of short
stout spines, one or two on the apical third being very long; with a long
spur at the apex. Length, 2.86 mm.; width, 1. 5. mm.

Holotype, male, Los Amates, Guatemala, January 16, 1905, in authors’
collection. This species resembles in general appearance R. femoralis
Champ. from which it may readily be separated by the difference in pro-
portional lengths of antennal segments, by the short, narrow, rectilinear
pronotum, the large truncate mesonotum, and the hairy legs. The prono-
tum is formed as in the apterous specimens of R. plumbea Uhl., R. salina ,

136 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Champ., and FR. tenuipes Champ. However, the enormously incrassate
posterior femora distinguishes R. calopa n. sp. from these species.

Rhagovelia gregalis, n. sp.

Form and general appearance somewhat similar to R. tenuipes Champ.

Apterous male: Brownish black; the pronotum somewhat bluish gray
anteriorly, with a transverse yellow spot in front. Body and legs clothed
with rather dense pile, the sides of thorax and the legs also with a few
scattered long hairs. Antennae brownish black, the basal portion of seg-
ment I testaceous, proportion of segments:—I:II:III:1V =38:28 :23:20.
Pronotum short, more than five times as broad as long, the posterior margin
broadly emarginate. Mesonotum broader than long, narrowed posteriorly
and truncate behind. Legs black, anterior coxae and trochanters, pos-
terior coxae and trochanters, and margins of all acetabula yellowish. An-
terior trochanters unarmed. Intermediate legs:—femur:tibia:tarsal
IL :III =74:48 :32:28. Posterior legs:—55 (wide 9):60:7:10. Posterior
femora armed slightly beyond the middle with a long brownish spine and
from thence to apex with 8-9 much shorter black spines. Posterior tibia
without a distinct spur at the apex. Length, 3.06 mm.; width, 1.27 mm.

Apterous female: General markings as in male, the pale pronotal spot
larger, the hairs on abdomen slightly shorter and not so dense. Head with
the usual impressed lines. Antennae as in male. Pronotum as in male,
its posterior margin slightly emarginate. Connexivum very wide, the
outer margin rounded. Body beneath black, the legs brownish black.
Intermediate legs:—68:46:30:29. Posterior legs:—54 (wide 8):60:8:11.
Posterior femora armed with a long spine at the apical two-fifths and from
thence to apex with 6-7 much shorter spines which become shorter distally.
Last segment of venter wider (23) than long (18). Length, 3.56 mm.;
width, 1.40 mm.

Winged form: Pronotum brownish black, somewhat bluish gray in front,
the yellow spot smaller than in apterous form, the humeri prominent.
Wings dark brown, the veins distinct, the lateral margins ciliate on basal
half; extending much beyond the apex of the abdomen. Venter with last
segment blackish. Proportions of antennae and legs as in apterous form.
Length, 3.95 mm.; width, 1.54 mm.

Holotype, apterous male; allotype, apterous female; paratypes, 2 females;
morphotypes, winged male and female. Type locality, San Pedro, Hon-
duras, February 21-28, 1905. Types in authors’ collection.

Rhagovelia hirtipes, n. sp.

Macropterous female: Blackish; the wings brown, the veins darker and
rather prominent. Pronotum black with a large transverse, yellowish
spot in front; triangularly produced posteriorly, the apex sub-truncate,
clothed with long hairs. Antennae brown, the basal portion of first seg-
ment testaceous, the proportion:—I:I1=30:16, (III and IV wanting).
Body beneath bluish gray. Legs brownish black, the margins of all ace-
tabula, all coxae and trochanters, and the basal portions of anterior and
posterior femora yellowish, intermediate coxae and trochanters darker.

Drake and Harris—Notes on the Genus Rhagovelia. 137

Intermediate legs:—femur:tibia:tarsal IT:ITI=61:50:30:28. Hind legs:—
45 (wide 9):58:8:11. Posterior femora clothed within with numerous long
yellowish brown hairs, armed with a long curved brown spine at the basal
two-thirds which is preceded by a row of short stout teeth and followed by
4-5 very short spines. Length, 4.28 mm.; width 1.52 mm.

Holotype, winged female, San Pedro, Honduras, September 21-28, 1905,
in authors’ collection. The patch of long hairs at the apex of the prono-
tum and the short hind femora with their hairy clothing distinguish this
species from R. gregalis n. sp.

Rhagovelia regalis, n. sp.

Moderately small, fusiform, grayish black. Head with the usual im-
pressed black lines.

Apterous male: Antennae long, brownish black, with the usual seta-like
hairs on the basal segments, segment I with the basal one-third testaceous;
proportion :—I:IT:1I1:1V =34:20:20:15. Pronotum short, about five times
as wide as long, with a transverse pale spot in front, the posterior margin
sinuate. Mesonotum distinctly broader than long, its hind margin sub-
truncate. Metanotum truncate behind. Connexivum rather broad,
margined with brownish, the outer margin rounded. Abdomen above with
a transverse brownish, shiny spot on the next to the last segment and a
similar, much larger, rectangular spot on the last segment. Legs dark
brown, all femora and intermediate trochanters blackish, the margins of all
acetabula and the anterior and posterior coxae testaceous. Formula inter-
mediate leg:—femur:tibia:tarsal II:111=65:44:26:26. Posterior leg:—
51 (wide 9): 51:4:7. Posterior femora not thicker than intermediate ones,
strongest on the basal third and gradually tapering distally; armed at the
basal two-fifths with a long, obliquely slanting, dark spine and from thence
to apex with 9-10 much shorter spines. Hind tibia with a slender spur at
the apex. Venter bluish gray, distinctly depressed on either side behind;
the last segment dark brown, more strongly depressed, with a distinct
median ridge. Genital segments dark brown. Length, 2.56 mm.; width,
1.24 mm.

Apterous female: Larger, the general color and markings as in male.
Antennae as in male. Connexivum broad, not strongly reflexed, abruptly
rounded and clothed with longer hairs at the apex, margined with dark
brown. Abdomen above with a large, shiny, brownish black spot on each
of the last 3-4 segments. Legs slightly darker, the formulae of intermedi-
ate and posterior ones as in male; posterior femora slightly less incrassate,
the long dark spine placed at the middle and followed by 7-8 very short
spines; the hind tibiae slightly longer than in male. Last segment of
venter brown, broader (19) than long (16). Length, 3 mm.; width, 1.35
mm.

Holotype: apterous male; allotype, apterous female, Honduras, in the
collection of Iowa State College. Paratypes, one male and eight females,
all apterous, taken with types, in collections of Iowa State College and the
authors. The short pronotum, the formulae of antennae and legs and the
shape of the connexivum distinguish regalis from related species.

Vol. 40, pp. 139-142 December 2, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW FORMS OF BIRDS COL-
LECTED BY H. C. RAVEN IN
NORTHEAST BORNEO.

BY J. EL RILEY:

Mr. H. C. Raven began his explorations in east Borneo in
1912, in continuation of the work of Dr. W. L. Abbott in other
parts of thatisland. After collecting on the mainland of Borneo
for some months, Raven visited the various islands, stretching
from just north of the mouth of the Beroe River east to Maratua,
thence south to Penang Harbor. Most of these islands are
small, except Maratua, and le somewhat nearer to the coast
of Borneo than the latter. In working over this collection I
find the following forms apparently need description:

Dinopium raveni, sp. nov.

Type.—Adult male, U. 8. National Museum, No. 182,316, Pulo Eraban,
northeast Borneo, June 13, 1913. Collected by H. C. Raven (original
No. 830).

Similar to Dinopium javanensis javanensis, but wing and tail much
shorter and the feathers of the center of the chest and breast buffy brown
with rather narrow cream buff centers without any black. Wing, 123;
tail, 71; culmen, 30.5.

Remarks.—The present species is founded upon a male and female
taken at the type locality on the same day. The female only differs from
the male in having the head black with white shaft streaks. In a large
series of Dinopiwm javanensis from different parts of the range of the
species there are none that match the above specimens. All have the
feathers of the chest and breast heavily bordered with black, while in
Dinopium raveni only the lower border of the throat has a few black-
bordered feathers outside the few black spots forming the center line of
the throat; the center of the chest and breast being entirely without black.
In Dinopium raveni, the sides, flanks, and under tail-coverts are narrowly
barred with blackish. Dinopium raveni has a proportionally shorter wing-

83—Proc. Biou. Soc. WasH., Vou. 40, 1927. (139)

140 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

tip than Dinopium javanensis and for this reason, along with the distinct
color of the chest, must be ranked as a distinct species. Dinopiwm javan-
ensis has been recorded from Borneo. Dubois (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1897, p. 782) described Tiga borneonensis from an unknown locality in
Borneo, but it is described as having the lower-parts barred transversely
with black and can not very well be the present species. Hartert (Nov.
Zool., 1901, p. 50) states that it is only an aberrant Tiga javanensis, but
the measurements given by Dubois are very small for this species and in
this respect fit Dinopiwm raveni. Two specimens of Dinopium javanensis
from Java before me measure, wing 132 and 136. Stuart Baker (Fauna
Brit. India, ed. 2, vol. 4, 1927, p. 72) gives the wing of D. j. javanensis as
118 to 139.

Yungipicus moluccensis tantulus, subsp. nov.

Type.—Adult male, U. 8. National Museum, No. 181,846, Tanggaroeng,
Mahakkam River, northeast Borneo, June 21, 1912. Collected by H. C.
Raven (original No. 58).

Similar to Yungipicus moluccensis moluccensis from Java, but smaller,
more brownish, less blackish above, the nasal plumes the same color as the
forehead instead of creamy white, the upper tail-coverts less heavily barred.
Wing, 69.5; tail, 31.5; culmen, 12.5.

Remarks.—The above race is founded on the type, a male and female
from Pulo Pandjang, and a female from Pulo Eraban.

Hargitt (Ibis, 1882, p. 43) has shown that Picus moluccensis Gmelin was
probably founded on a Javan specimen and I would definitely designate
Java as the type locality of the name, if it has not already been done.
TIyngipicus fusco-albidus Salvadori (Ann. Mus. Genova, 5, 1874, p. 42) isa
new name for Picus variegatus Wagler (nec. Latham) and has the same
type locality, Java. Picus sondaicus Wallace (Ann. Mus. Genova, 5,
1874, p. 48) is only a re-naming of the Javan form. This leaves the
Bornean form without a name, which I have supplied. |

Collocalia francica perplexa, subsp. nov.

Type.—Adult male, U.S. National Museum, No. 182,370, Pulo Maratua,
northeast Borneo, May 24, 1913. Collected by H. C. Raven (original
No. 742).

Similar to Collocalia francica germani of Siam and the Philippines, but
wing averaging longer, back a deeper, less brownish black, rump band
much darker and much less pronounced, wings and tail with more purplish
and less greenish sheen, wing, 122.5; tail, 51.

Remarks.—The present form is founded upon eight males, three females,
and one unsexed from Maratua, one male and one female from Pulo Pand-
jang, one female from Pulo Balik Kukup, and one female from Pulo
Raboe Raboe. They have been compared with about an equal number
from Peninsula Siam and the Philippines. There does not appear to be
any differences in size or color between the sexes. The nine males from
islands off northeast Borneo have wings, 119.5-125 (121.8): Eight males
from Peninsula Siam (4) and the Philippines (4) have wings, 109-122

Riley—New Forms of Birds in Northeast Borneo. 141

(117.3). Apparently no form of Collocalia francica has been recorded from
Borneo before. Collocalia francica barielst Stresemann (Orn. Monatsb.,
1927, p. 46) from west Java is not available for examination, but from the
known distribution of the forms, the form from northeast Borneo and
west Java can hardly be the same.

Collocalia vestita maratua, subsp. nov.

Type.—Adult male, U. 8. National Museum, No. 182,367, Pulo Maratua,
northeast Borneo, May 21, 1913. Collected by H. C. Raven (original
No. 736).

Similar to Collocalia vestita mearnsi of the Philippines, but upper-parts
deeper black, less sooty; the wings showing a more purplish sheen, less
greenish; the lower-parts much duskier. Wing, 118; tail, 48.

Remarks.—The present form is founded upon one specimen only, but I
have before me fourteen specimens of Collocalia vestita mearnsi and four of
Collocalia vestita vestita. From the former it differs as described, from the
latter it is a much deeper, less brownish black above, the wings and tail
more purplish, less greenish, but below the two forms are much alike.
Collocalia vestita aenigma resembles Collocalia vestita maratua very closely
above, it is lighter below, especially on the throat, and has a somewhat
longer wing.

Chalcostetha calcostetha proxima, subsp. nov.

Type.—Adult male, U.S. National Museum, No. 182,688, Pulo Derawan,
northeast Borneo, April 25, 1913. Collected by H. C. Raven (original
No. 569).

Similar to Chalcostetha calcostetha calcostetha of the main island of
Borneo, but averaging larger, especially the culmen. Wing, 63.5; culmen,
20.

Remarks.—Over ninety specimens were collected, consisting of adults of
both sexes and immatures, from the following islands: Raboe Raboe,
Derawan, Samama, Maratua, and Bakungan. No constant differences
in color can be detected between series from the main island of Borneo
and the small islands off the coast, but the island series average larger.
Thirty males from the small islands given above measure: wing, 59-65
(62.3); culmen, 18.5-21 (19.5). Six males from northeast Borneo measure:
wing, 58-62.5 (60.5); culmen, 17.5-19 (18.2). Males from the Malay Penin-
sula agree with those from the main island of Borneo in size, as the following
will show: seven males, wing, 60-61.5 (61); culmen, 17-19.5 (18). The
males from northeast Borneo and the islands off the coast run remarkedly
true to type. The lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts are a shining,
coppery green with little or no iridescent lilac purple. On the mainland
the majority of the specimens have these parts with much iridescent
lilac purple, but some have these parts green with little or no lilac. The
most brilliantly green-rumped specimens examined are a male from west
Sumatra and one from Java. Stuart Baker (Fauna Brit. India, Birds,
vol. 3, ed. 2, 1926, p. 373) restricts Nectarinia calcostetha Jardine to Borneo.

Vol. 40, pp. 143-146 December 2, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHI

NOTES ON NORTH AMERICAN TILLINAE, WITH DE-
SCRIPTION OF A NEW CYMATODERA
(COL.: CLERIDAE).

BY EDWARD A. CHAPIN.

In identifying and incorporating the material which has accu-
mulated since Mr. A. B. Wolcott! rearranged the National
collection of the genus Cymatodera Gray, a new species was
noticed and a case of synonymy was made apparent by the
study of additional material.

Lecontella gnara Wolcott.

1927. Lecontella gnara Wolcott, Coleopt. Contrib., Vol. 1, p. 105.

As only the female of this species was known to Wolcott I include here
a short description of the male characters.

Male.—Terminal antennal segment elongate, almost twice as long as
the basal segment; fifth abdominal sternite broadly and shallowly emar-
ginate, sixth sternite rounded, terminal tergite slightly larger than the
sixth sternite, broadly rounded.

Comparing the length of the terminal segment of the antenna with that
of the basal, the ratio for L. cancellata Lec. (male) is 18:8, in L. gnara Wole.
for the same sex it is 17:9.

The material examined by the writer consists of a male and four females,
data as follows:

A male, Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, reared from Quercus ari-
zonica, Nov. 25, 1914, by M. Chrisman, Hopkins No. 12630 A; a female,
Arizona (no other locality cited), reared from mesquite, by M. Chrisman,
Hopkins No. 12299 C5; a female from Tucson, Arizona, Aug. 15, 1915; a
female from Sabino Canyon, Arizona, Aug. 15, 1915, collected by Tucker
(in collection J. N. Knull); a female from Sabino Canyon, Arizona, reared
from Juglans sp., Jan. 19, 1915, by W. D. Edmonston, Hopkins No.
10962 G.

11921, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 59, pp. 269-290, Pl. 43.
34—Proc. Bion. Soc. Wasx., Vou. 40, 1927. (143)

i ES SEES SR A
— ————— - —

144 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Cymatodera mitchelli, n. sp.

Form of C. angustata Lec., apterous, feebly shining, clothed with rather
long hairs, gray-brown to piceous in color, antennae, legs and under parts
dark castaneous. Head closely and moderately finely punctate, the punc-
tures sparsely placed just above the clypeus and becoming more densely
set toward the occiput. Eyes moderately prominent. Antennae just a
little longer than the head and pronotum together, segments in shape and
size as in C. longula Wolc. Prothorax slightly less than one and one-half
times as long as width across anterior margin, feebly constricted before
and behind the middle, basal width about five-sixths of apical width, ante-
scutellar impression distinct, basal tubercles moderately prominent.
Surface densely set with moderately coarse punctures, the punctation
slightly less dense along the median line. Elytra across humeri but
slightly wider than thorax at base, conspicuously dilated behind and
widest at apical third, strongly convex above, punctures coarse, deep, in
ten rows, suddenly disappearing at apical fourth, interspaces minutely
punctulate and set with long and short hairs intermingled. First and
second interspaces each wider than any subsequent interspace. Body
beneath finely and rather densely punctured, pubescence sparse. Legs,
especially the tibiae, clothed with long hairs. Length: 8 to 9.5 mm.

Male.—Metasternum with a sharp and prominent carina on either side
of the median line; fifth abdominal sternite with a broad semicircular
emargination, terminal sternite rather elongate, tricarinate, the median
carina rather feeble, the lateral carinae extending onto the outer apical
angles, apex broadly and shallowly emarginate. Terminal tergite narrower
than the terminal sternite, with a small apical notch.

Female.—Fifth sternite with a broad shallow emargination, terminal
sternite and tergite each bluntly rounded.

Type and six paratypes: U.S. N. M., Cat. No. 40544. Data as follows:
Type (male) and three paratypes (males) from Marfa, Texas, June 5-6,
1908; three paratypes (one male and two females) from Chisos Mountains,
Brewster Co., Texas, October 12, 1908; all specimens collected by J. D.
Mitchell and R. A. Cushman.

In Wolcott’s table to the Nerth American species of this genus, C.
mitchelli falls into the knausi-morosa group and runs out with C. longula
Wole. Its affinities as displayed by the male sexual characters are more
with Morosa Lec. and umbrina Fall and remotely with knausit Wole. The
metasternal carinae so well developed in this species are indicated by short,
sharp protuberances in both morosa amd umbrina. C. mitchelli is im-
mediately separated from C. longula by the very different genitalia.

Cymatodera longula Wolcott.
1921. Cymatodera longula Wolc., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 59, p. 280,

287.
1921. Cymatodera rudis Wolc., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., Vol. 59, p. 281, 287.

A study of the type material upon which these names are based, together
with a few additional specimens, has convinced the writer that there is

Chapin—Notes on North American Tillinae. 145

but a single species represented by the series. Micrometer measurements
of the various specimens fail to sustain the differentials given in the
key. In view of the variation in the conformation of the terminal ab-
dominal tergite in the male sex which exists in other species of this genus,
for instance, in C. balteata Lec., the differences which occur in this series
can not be considered specific. The important thoracic measurements
of each specimen before the writer are given in the following table.

Sole 5

Sl Sas) | Sas | es Data on specimen measured.

SS] 58 | S8

N x Q

34 19 16 o | rudis—paratype.

34 20 18 rot Catalina Mts., Ariz., Hopkins No. 10650 Z.
35 21 19 og | rudis—type.

37 20 18 Q rudis—paratype.

39 23 21 of longula—type.

40 21 19 Q rudis—paratype.

41 23 20 oe Sabino Canyon, Ariz., G. Hofer.

43 25 23 9 Sabino Canyon, Ariz., G. Hofer.

44 24 21 Q Catalina Springs, Ariz., Hubbard and Schwarz.
45 25 22 Q rudis—allotype.

45 25 22 Q rudis—paratype.

45 27 24 ot longula—paratype.

AT 27 24 of rudis—paratype. :

60 35 32 Q Ray, Ariz., ex dead Parkinsonia, EH. A. Schwarz.

The females of this species may be separated from those of any other
species known to the writer by the two short but prominent carinae on the
last tergite.

Vol. 40, pp. 147-148 December 2, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

A NEW AGELAIUS FROM HAITI.
BY STUART T. DANFORTH AND JOHN T. EMLEN, JR. ~

During the course of a summer’s ornithological wanderings Hl
in Santo Domingo and Haiti, the authors came across a new i
Agelaius which it is proposed to call i

Agelaius quisqueyensis, sp. nov.

Most nearly allied to Agelatus humeralis (Vigors) of Cuba. i

Adult male.—Uniform glossy black with a faint bluish green reflection.
Lesser wing coverts cadmium yellow. Middle coverts cinnamon buff,
becoming pale buff at the tips. Iris dark brown. Bill, legs and feet Hy
black. is

Adult female.—Similar to the adult male, but smaller, slightly duller, te
and some of the middle coverts have black markings.

Immature male.—Sunilar to the adults, but with the yellow wing patch
more restricted and duller in shade, the lesser coverts being deep chrome He
instead of cadmium yellow, and with some black markings near the tips
of most of the feathers of the lesser and middle wing coverts.

Type.—Adult male, No. 534, collection of S. T. Danforth, collected on
July 29, 1927, at Artibonite Sloughs, near St. Marc, Haiti, by 8S. T. Dan-
forth. 1h

Measurements (in millimeters). Adult male (1 specimen).—Length in
flesh 214; extent in flesh 325.5; wing 103.5; exposed culmen 18; tarsus 23;
middle toe with claw 24.

Adult females (3 specimens).—Length in flesh 191-201 (196.3); extent
in flesh 293.0-303 (297.5); wing 94-97 (95.5); exposed culmen 16.5-17
(16.8); tarsus 22—22.5 (22.2); middle toe with claw 22-23.5 (29.1).

Immature male (1 specimen).—Length in flesh 206; extent 320; wing 99; Hl
exposed culmen 16.5; tarsus 22; middle toe with claw 23.

Three of the specimens are in the private collection of the,senior author,
deposited at the College of Agriculture of the University of Porto Rico,
at Mayagiiez, P. R., and two are in the collection of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Notes.—This form is closely allied to A. hwmeralis of Cuba, and resem-
bles it greatly both in size and general markings, but differs considerably

35—Proc. Biou. Soc. Wasx., Vou. 40, 1927. (147)

148 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

in the shade of the wing markings, which are much lighter and brighter
colored in the new form. About twenty-five of these birds were observed
on July 29, 1927, at some sloughs near the Artibonite River, about eight
miles from St. Mare, in central western Haiti. They were found in flocks
of from five to ten, perching in trees by the edges of the sloughs. Some
of them were feeding young birds on the wing, so the nesting season had
evidently not long passed.

The authors are very much indebted to Dr. Frank M. Chapman of the
American Museum of Natural History for the loan of a small series of
Agelaius humeralis for comparison with our birds.

oy rO0

Vol. 40, pp. 149-178 December 2, 1927
PROCEEP DINGS
2 ee
OF THE 4 GNIAN iim

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

APR 2 >

NEW GNATEATERS AND ANTBIRDS FROM TROPI-
CAL AMERICA, WITH A REVISION OF THE
GENUS MYRMECIZA AND ITS ALLIES.

BY W. E. CLYDE TODD.

A critical study of the Gnateaters (Family Conopophagidez)
and Antbirds (Family Formicariide) in the collection of the
Carnegie Museum has now been completed, and among other
things of interest has revealed the existence of a surprisingly
large number of apparently undescribed species and races among
the birds belonging to these groups. ‘The collection of Formi-
carlidze handled is especially fine, being rich in material from
French Guiana and the Amazon Valley, which appears to be
one of the centers of distribution for this Family. It consists
of no less than 9098 specimens, representing 221 species and
124 additional subspecies, belonging to 53 genera. With such
abundant material in the way of well prepared and uniformly
made up skins from different regions, it has been possible for
the first time to compare series for geographic variation. The
results of this study show clearly that numerous forms which
heretofore have been supposed to be constant over an extensive
area are really divisible into two or more races. Supposed
gaps in the ranges of certain genera and superspecific groups
have been filled by the discovery of new representative forms.
Almost without exception the ranges of all such forms in the
Amazon Valley appear to be sharply limited by the great rivers
of this region—the Rio Negro, the Tocantins, the Xingu, the
Tapaj6z, the Madeira, the Purus, and the Amazon itself. It
is seldom that we find the same form occurring on both banks
of this river, even as far up as the Peruvian boundary. Differ-
entiation seems to have been induced mainly by isolation, to
the effects of which birds of such sedentary habits as the Ant-

36—Proc. Brox. Soc. WasH., Vou. 40, 1927. (149)

nes
ee eee
i 4

——>
Se]

secre aa ces
——— Se

——

comatose
ao

Sete wae
SSS

=
re

150 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

birds would naturally be peculiarly susceptible. On this basis
the increased tendency to differentiate south of the Amazon
is understandable, since this area is cut up by several large
streams, while on the north the Rio Negro is virtually the only
river of any size to offer a barrier to dispersal. The whole
question is exceedingly interesting to the student of distribu-
tion, but can only be barely alluded to here.

The latest treatment of the birds of these difficult groups is
that by Dr. C. E. Hellmayr (Field Museum Zoological Series,
III, ui, 1924, pp. 369). This work, backed up by the author’s
study of the type-specimens in Europe and America, and by
his critical review of the literature, is an invaluable contribu-
tion to the subject, and has been taken as the basis for the
present paper. With much more ample material in many cases
than was available to Dr. Hellmayr, and with a different con-
ception of the subspecies, our conclusions naturally differ in
certain respects. In the case of the genus Myrmeciza and its
allies an entirely new arrangement has been suggested, with
the new forms fitted in where they seem to belong.

The present paper is the fourteenth of the series to appear
in these Proceedings, and follows the others in the use of milli-
meters in measurements, and of Mr. Ridgway’s ‘‘Color Stand-
ards and Color Nomenclature” in the naming of the colors.
Acknowledgments are due the respective authorities of the
American Museum of Natural History, the Museum of Com-
parative Zoology, the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-
delphia, the U. 8. National Museum, and the Field Museum
of Natural History for the loan of specimens used in this con-
nection. To Dr. C. E. Hellmayr of the institution last named
the writer is under further obligations for reporting on certain
specimens sent to him for that purpose. Dr. Percy R. Lowe
of the British Museum has courteously supplied certain detailed
information on types in the collection under his care, for which
thanks are due.

Conopophaga aurita australis, subsp. nov.

Similar to Conopophaga aurita occidentalis Chubb, but upper parts aver-
aging more rufescent, and under parts more decidedly buffy, the black
of the throat in the male more extended, reaching the upper breast.

Our extensive series of Conopophaga aurita from the Rio Purts and the
south bank of the Rio Solimoés differ decidedly from birds of the same

Todd—G@nateaters and Antbirds from Tropical America. 151

species coming from localities on the north bank, which are clearly refer-
able to C. occidentalis Chubb. The characters on which the latter is based
are carried a step further in the present form, and by just that much tend
toward those of the lower Amazonian C. snethlagew, without, however,
showing actual intergradation. The buffy wash on the under parts is
more marked in both sexes of australis, and the greater posterior extent
of the black throat-area in the male is also a marked feature, resulting in
a narrowing of the rufous brown of the breast, which as a rule is a little
paler than in occidentalis. Compared in series, australis averages more
rufescent, less olivaceous, above. The difference in size between the two
is inconsiderable.

Type, No. 91,917, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Nova Olinda,
Rio Purtis, Brazil, July 14, 1922; Samuel M. Klages.

Corythopis torquata subtorquata, subsp. nov.

Similar to Corythopis torquata torquata von Tschudi (as represented by
three specimens from Peru in the collection of the American Museum of
Natural History), but decidedly smaller; upper parts, wings, etc., much
brighter (Dresden brown instead of sepia); and under parts less heavily
streaked, the streaks brownish rather than grayish, and the crissum washed
lightly with the same color. Male: wing, 67; tail, 50; bill, 14.5; tarsus,
25.5. Female: wing, 65; tail, 47; bill, 14.5; tarsus, 24.

Reluctant as I am to add another name to the literature of this genus,
there seems no help for it in the present case, as the pair of birds before
me evidently represent a well-marked form, distinguishable at a glance
from both C. torquata torquata and C. torquata sarayacuensis.

Type, No. 50,859, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult female; Rio
Yapacani, Bolivia, September 20, 1914; José Steinbach.

Thamnophilus multistriatus brachyurus, subsp. nov.

Similar to Thamnophilus multistriatus multistriatus Lafresnaye of the
Eastern Andes of Colombia, but tail markedly shorter; barring of the
under parts not quite so heavy in both sexes, giving these parts a lighter
appearance; females with a more or less decided collar of black spots
(partially concealed) on the nape, which are wanting in the females from
the Eastern Andes.

In four males the tail measures respectively 62, 63, 64, 60. In six
females it is 61, 61, 60, 61, 63, 63.

Dr. Chapman could find no racial differences in the series he examined
(ef. Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, XXXVI, 1917, 368),
but with smoothly made up specimens there is no difficulty in distinguish-

ing between examples from the Eastern and Western Andes respectively. _

The characters above pointed out seem to justify the subspecific segrega-
tion of the series according to locality, and since Lafresnaye’s name multi-
striatus was presumably based on a ‘“‘Bogotdé”’ skin, it is the form from
the Western Andes that requires naming. Since the distinguishing char-
acters of this race are better marked in the female, I select one of that
sex as the type.

152 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Type, No. 67,029, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult female; Caldas,
Colombia, June 6, 1918; M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Thamnophilus nigriceps magdalenz, subsp. nov.

Adult male not certainly distinguishable from the same sex of Tham-
nophilus nigriceps nigriceps Sclater. Adult female with the streaking on
the lower parts virtually confined to the throat, and much narrower.

Both Dr. Hellmayr (Field Museum Zoological Series, XIII, ui, 1924, 77)
and the writer (Annals Carnegie Museum, XIV, 1922, 314) have already
remarked upon the peculiarities of specimens of this species from the
interior of Colombia. On a recent visit to the British Museum Dr. Hell-
mayr took with him a series from our collection for comparison, and now
reports that No. 63,855, from the lower Atrato, is exactly like Sclater’s
type of nigriceps. This confirms his suspicion as to the source of the
type, which is not from the “Bogotd”’ region at all; and thus the way
is left open to give a name to the form of the Magdalena Valley, on the
basis of the characters apparent in our specimens. These characters have
been confirmed by additional specimens examined in this connection, in
the collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and
American Museum of Natural History respectively. The other localities
represented are El Tambor, (within twenty miles of) Honda, Puerto Berrio,
and Malena, Colombia.

Type, No. 70,765, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult female; Mari-
quita, Tolima, Colombia, October 2, 1918; M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Thamnophilus incertus atriceps, subsp. nov.

Similar to Thamnophilus incertus incertus von Pelzeln, but general color-
ation darker in both sexes.

Specimens of Thamnophilus incertus from the east bank of the Rio
Tapajéz differ from topotypical skins from Pard4 in their generally
darker coloration, manifest in the male on the crown, which is black,
in contrast with the plumbeous of the rest of the upper parts (instead
of being almost the same or merely a trifle darker), and in the female
by the browner tone of the under parts (as shown in a series of eight
specimens). Some of the Parad females, it is true, are virtually as richly
colored as the above, but as a series they differ as aforesaid.

This well-marked race is evidently confined to the region east of the
Rio Tapajéz, since on the west side of that river it is replaced by T. punc-
tuliger, with which, however, it does not appear to intergrade, although
they are of course ‘‘representative forms.’ It probably ranges eastward
to the Rio Xingt at least, and possibly to the Rio Tocantins, where it
would meet true 7. incertus. Its characters are a step in the direction
of T. poltonotus, from which it differs in its plainer wings, with the white
markings restricted to the lesser coverts in the male. The record for
Victoria, Rio Xingt, published by Miss Snethlage (Boletim Museu Geeldi,
VIII, 1914, 271) doubtless belongs here.

Type, No. 77,597, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Miritituba,
Rio Tapajéz, Brazil, March 24, 1920; Samuel M. Klages.

Todd—Gnateaters and Antbirds from Tropical America. 153

Thamnophilus murinus cayennensis, subsp. nov.

Similar to Thamnophilus murinus murinus Sclater and Salvin, and
adult female not certainly distinguishable. Adult male with the wings
externally decidedly brighter, more rufescent, than in the typical race.

Comparison of a good series of this species from French Guiana with
another from Obidos and Manacapurt, assumed to be typical, shows
that the former belong to a well-marked race which for some reason—
probably paucity of material—has hitherto escaped discrimination and
description. Its characters are shown only in the male sex, and run true
in twenty males from French Guiana as compared with thirteen from
Manacapurt and eleven from Obidos, and I have no hesitation in attribut-
ing them to geographic variation. Females from the two regions, how-
ever, are practically the same. This may account in part for the wording
of Sclater’s description of that sex in the Catalogue of the Birds in the
British Museum, XV, 1890, 195.

Type, No. 65,088, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Pied Saut,
French Guiana, December 1, 1917; Samuel M. Klages.

Thamnophilus murinus canipennis, subsp. nov.

Similar to Thamnophilus murinus murinus Sclater and Salvin, but
adult male with the wings externally grayish, like the rest of the upper
parts.

In this race, which differs from true murinus in exactly an opposite
direction from the Guiana form, the wings of the male are gray, with
little or no brownish shade, and therefore not in contrast with the rest
of the upper parts. Immature birds, however, have more or less brownish
wings, thus betraying the derivation of the present race from the one
which inhabits the coast region of Guiana. It may have been that the
individuals from the upper Amazon examined by Sclater and Salvin when
they described mwrinus were young birds, since they remarked no differ-
ences between these and others from more eastern localities. On the
other hand, Sclater’s later description (Catalogue of the Birds in the
British Museum, XV, 1890, 195) would lead one to believe that he had
a bird of this type in hand, since he does not say anything about the wings
being brownish.

Type, No. 96,991, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Tonantins,
Rio Solimoés, Brazil, June 28, 1923; Samuel M. Klages.

Thamnophilus punctatus saturatus, subsp. nov.

Similar in general to Thamnophilus punctatus punctatus (Shaw) of
Guiana, Venezuela, etc., but male with more black on the upper parts,
and the white edgings of the scapulars wider and more conspicuous; female
with the upper parts strongly rufescent.

A strongly marked race, which heretofore has been confused with true
punctatus, owing no doubt to lack of material. Dr. Hellmayr (Field
Museum Zoological Series, XIII, i, 1924, 98, note), in speaking of a
single female from Utiarity, northern Matto Grosso, has correctly indicated

154 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

its characters as shown by this sex, but no other writer seems to have
recognized them, although Miss Snethlage, in her Catalogue of Ama-
zonian birds (Boletim Museu Geeldi, VIII, 1914, 271) records specimens
which evidently must belong here. While males are in series darker above
than those of punctatus, owing to an increase in the amount of black
mottling, they are by this very token so close to those of 7. amazonicus
as to be scarcely distinguishable—and doubtless not invariably at that!
Where the ranges of these two forms overlap, as on the Rio Tapajéz, the
placing of individual specimens with one species or the other must often
be guesswork. Indeed, I can find no constant characters to distinguish
them, when males alone are considered, but in general saturatus is slightly
paler gray below than amazonicus (about deep gull gray as compared to
slate gray), and has less black on the back; the white spots on the upper
tail-coverts average larger also. Females, on the other hand, are of
course entirely different from those of amazonicus, and may readily be
told from those of true punctatus as well by their strongly rufescent upper
parts, which are thus not in sharp contrast with the pileum. Since the
characters of this race are most highly developed in the female, I choose
a bird of that sex as the type.

This race represents Thamnophilus punctatus south of the Amazon. It
clearly has nothing to do with 7. ambiguus Swainson, its tail-markings
being those of punctatus. I have not seen Thamnophilus punctatus sclatert
Stolzmann (Annalibus Zoologicis Musei Polonici Historize Naturalis, V,
1926, 215), which seems to have the same dark-colored back as the new
form, but otherwise the description does not fit, and on geographical
grounds it is scarcely likely that the two are the same.

Type, No. 76,125, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult female; Villa
Braga, Rio Tapajéz, Brazil, January 7, 1920; Samuel M. Klages.

Thamnophilus amazonicus paraensis, subsp. nov.

Similar to Thamnophilus amazonicus amazonicus Sclater, and male not
certainly distinguishable. Female duller and paler in general coloration,
with less black mottling on the interscapulium, and with the tail distinctly
brownish.

The name amazonicus was based by Sclater primarily on specimens col-
lected by Bates on the upper Amazon, which is interpreted by Dr. Hell-
mayr to mean the Rio Javarri. We have none from there, but probably
our series from the Rio Purtis (Hyutanahan) are the same. A series
from the Rio Tapajéz and Caviana (opposite Manacapurt) agree with
these, and with the description and plate of amazonicus. But the Bene-
vides birds are readily separable from those from farther up the Amazon
by the characters of the females, above specified. Males exhibit no
differences that I can find. French Guiana specimens agree best with
those from the Paré4 district of Brazil, but may eventually prove separable.
Since its characters are obvious only in the female, I select one of that
sex as the type.

Type, No. 69,260, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult female; Bene-
vides, Parad, Brazil, September 6, 1918; Samuel M. Klages.

Todd—Gnateaters and Antbirds from Tropical America. 155

_ Pygiptila stellaris purusiana, subsp. nov.

Similar to Pygiptila stellaris stellaris (Spix) of the Amazon Valley, etc.,
and male not certainly distinguishable, but female averaging more earthy
brown above, with less bluish gray shade.

While not absolutely constant, the difference here remarked is certainly
_ not due to season or age (the series available being sufficient to eliminate
both), and seems to justify the division of the species on this basis. A
series from the Rio Caura, Venezuela (in the Carnegie Museum and the
American Museum of Natural History), agree with birds from the Rio
Tapaj6z and the upper Amazon. Consequently I see no reason either
for recognizing maculipennis or for separating Caura examples as a dis-
tinct race. But those from the Rio Purtis certainly constitute a recog-
nizable subspecies.

Type, No. 87,327, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult female; Hyutana-
han, Rio Purts, Brazil, January 16, 1922; Samuel M. Klages.

Myrmotherula klagesi, sp. nov.

Male: above black, streaked with white, but without any white inter-
scapular blotch; wings black, with narrow white edgings, the middle and
lesser coverts with white terminal edgings or spots, forming two bars
across the wing; tail black, with a small white tip to each feather, the
inner rectrices with narrow white edgings externally; under parts white,
streaked with black, obsoletely on the abdomen medially; under wing-
coverts pure white; inner margins of remiges white. Female: above black,
streaked with buffy white; wings and tail as in the male; under parts buffy;
the breast and sides with blackish elongated spots or streaks, obsolete on
the throat and middle of the abdomen; under wing-coverts white.

The relationships of this new species are with M. surinamensis multostriata
on the one hand and with M. cherriet on the other; in fact, it may be con-
sidered a connecting link between these two forms. The male is scarcely
distinguishable from that of multostriata except by its lack of an inter-
scapular patch and by its slightly longer tail. The striping on the under
parts is virtually the same in both forms, showing no tendency to reduc-
tion, as in M. longicauda, or to increased prominence, as in M. cherriet.
The female, on the other hand, is entirely different from that of the surt-
namensis group of conspecies, the color-pattern above being the same
as that of the male, but the white replaced by buffy, except on the wings
and tail; the under parts are more as in the same sex of multostriata, but
the markings incline more to spots than to streaks. In the female of
M. cherriet only the crown and hindneck are buffy-streaked, and the
streaking below is more distinct (true in both sexes). The mandible is
pale in both sexes. f

It is curious that this species has not been met with at Santarem by
any collectors previous to Mr. Klages, in whose honor it is named. Farther
up the Rio Tapajéz it is replaced by M. multostriata. Six of our series
of fourteen skins come from the islands in the Amazon opposite Obidos.

Ten males average as follows: wing, 48.5; tail, 27.5; bill, 13; tarsus, 15.
Four females: wing, 47; tail, 28; bill, 12.5; tarsus, 15.

Fest

156 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Type, No. 78,457, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Santarem,
Brazil, October 2, 1920; Samuel M. Klages.

Myrmotherula leucophthalma sordida, subsp. nov.

Similar to Myrmotherula leucophthalma leucophthalma (von Pelzeln)
(as represented by a series from Hyutanahan, Rio Purts), but male with
gray of under parts slightly deeper, and posterior under parts slightly
darker brown; upper parts more grayish olive, less rufescent. Female
with entire under parts much deeper in tone, the throat ochraceous buff
(between ochraceous buff and ochraceous orange), paling to clay-color
posteriorly.

With a good series of what is assumed to correctly represent true leu-
cophthalma available for comparison, it is obvious that the birds from
the Rio Tapajéz represent an easily recognizable race. Dr. Hellmayr
(Novitates Zoologice, XVII, 1910, 347) had but one male from the island
of Marajé, and although he noticed several small differences, he thought
that these should be confirmed by additional material. Males may best
be told by the less rufescent color of the upper parts, giving the impression
of greater contrast between the back and the tail, while females, on the
other hand, are most readily distinguished from those of the typical race
by the strongly ochraceous tone (most pronounced on the throat) of the
entire under parts. For this reason I choose one of this sex as the type.

Miss Snethlage records this bird from several localities in lower Ama-
zonia, but as she had but one male of supposedly true leucophthalma from
the Rio Purts it is no wonder that she failed to discriminate the former
as new.

Type, No. 74,770, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult female; Colonia
do Mojuy, Santarem, Brazil, November 3, 1919; Samuel M. Klages.

Myrmotherula fulviventris costaricensis, subsp. nov.

Similar to Myrmotherula fulviventris fulviventris Lawrence (type-locality
Panama), but generally darker and less rufescent; adult male slightly
darker and duller below and more pronouncedly so above (more olivaceous,
less rufescent), the wings externally more brownish, less rufescent (close
to brownish olive). Female also darker, more olivaceous, less rufescent,
above, and decidedly paler buffy, less ochraceous, below, the wings exter-
nally differmg as in the male.

Both Dr. Chapman (Bulletin American Museum of Natural History,
XXXVI, 1917, 374; LV, 1926, 391) and Dr. Hellmayr (Field Museum
Zoological Series, XIII, iii, 1924, 144) now say that the Myrmotherula
viduata of Dr. Hartert (described from northwestern Ecuador) is a pure
synonym of Myrmotherula fulviventris Lawrence (described from Panama),
but the latter author admits that if there are two forms of the species, it
would be the northern one that would require a name. According to
his view, however, the characters of the northern bird are too inconstant
to justify such a course. I do not find it so with our material. The
Costa Rican birds differ at a glance from a series from western Colombia

Todd—Gnateaters and Antbirds from Tropical America. 157

in their darker coloration, obvious in both sexes. Accepting the state-
ments of other authorities as to the identity of topotypical Panama skins
with those from western Colombia, it becomes necessary to separate the
Costa Rican series under some other name. Dr. Hartert, in describing
viduata, noticed these same differences, but supposed that specimens from
Costa Rica were the same as those from Panama, which is evidently not
the case. With the specimens before me I believe the formal separation
of the present series is fully indicated.

Type, No. 28,025, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; El Hogar,
Costa Rica, January 12, 1907; M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Myrmotherula hematonota pheonota, subsp. nov.

Similar to Myrmotherula hematonota hematonota (Sclater) from the
north bank of the Amazon, but altogether paler. Male: pileum and
hindneck light brownish olive (instead of brownish sepia); back Sanford’s
brown (instead of chestnut); wings externally Dresden brown (instead
of sepia); wing-coverts similar, with a large subterminal black area and
broad tips rich clay-color, forming two bands across the wing; tail Prout’s
brown (instead of mummy brown); throat with white spots averaging
larger; breast, etc., light neutral gray (instead of neutral gray); posterior
under parts pale tawny olive (instead of light brownish olive). Female:
the upper parts, wings, and tail differ much as in the male, but not in quite
so pronounced a degree; the under parts, however, are decidedly brighter
and more uniform buffy (between cinnamon buff and antimony yellow).

If this strongly marked form has hitherto remained unrecognized it
can only be because specimens from the Rio Tapajéz have never been
compared directly with those from near the type-locality, or from north
of the Amazon. The differences between the two series are certainly
striking, and would perhaps justify retaining them as two specific types.
The difference in the wing-markings is conspicuous enough to suggest
this. Miss Snethlage appears to be the only authority who has handled
any specimens from this region, and she naturally felt justified in follow-
ing Dr. Hellmayr’s lead in calling them all hematonota.

Almost certainly, judging from the context, the specimens from Calama
and Borba, on the east bank of the Rio Madeira, to which Dr. Hellmayr
refers (Novitates Zoologice, XIV, 1907, 384; XVII, 1910, 349) must
belong to the present race, while those from the opposite bank are refer-
able to M. amazonica von Ihering, which is a species quite distinct from
M. hematonota, as shown by the ample material in the collection of the
Carnegie Museum.

Type, No. 75,173, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Villa Braga,
Rio Tapajéz, Brazil, November 28, 1919; Samuel M. Klages.

Myrmotherula ochrogyna, sp. nov.

Adult male similar to that of Myrmotherula paraensis (Todd), but gray
of under parts darker, neutral gray to deep gull gray, and black of throat
and breast averaging more extended. Adult female similar to that of

158 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

paraensis in color of under parts, but upper parts entirely different, being
dull antique brown, the wings and tail dusky brown, externally much
like the back.

Adult male: above, including wings and tail externally, dark neutral
gray, inclining to slate-color; auriculars with traces of white streaking;
wing-coverts black, with white tips; scapulars extensively white; rec-
trices with slight white tips; remiges margined internally with whitish;
below, throat and breast black; rest of under parts neutral gray, inclining
to deep gull gray; bill and feet brownish black (in skin).

Adult female: above dull antique brown, almost uniform; wing-coverts
like the back; wings externally Dresden brown; tail raw umber, with
external margins and slight tips of dull antique brown; sides of head be-
tween yellow ocher and buckthorn brown; under parts strongly buffy,
more or less tinged with ochraceous buff; under wing-coverts similar;
bill brown above, horn-color below; feet dull grayish brown (in skin).

So far as our material goes this species is known only from one point
on the west bank of the Rio Tapajé6z, being replaced on the east bank by
M. paraensis, and west of the Rio Madeira by still another form. After
comparing females of the three forms with each other I am still unwilling
to follow Dr. Hellmayr in making M. paraensis and the present form
conspecific with M. longipennis, although their representative relation-
ship may be admitted. Since the male so closely resembles the same
sex of longipennis, it will be better to select a female example as the type
of the new form.

Type, No. 76,391, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult female; Villa
Braga, Rio Tapajéz, Brazil, January 19, 1920; Samuel M. Klages.

Myrmotherula iheringi heteroptera, subsp. nov.

Males of this race are precisely like those of the typical form, but the
females differ in having the upper parts, wings, etc., less purely gray,
more olivaceous tinged, and in particular by having the spots on the
wing-coverts buffy instead of white. This does not appear to be a sign
of immaturity, in our specimen at least. Dr. Hellmayr (Field Museum
Zoological Series, XIII, iii, 1924, 158, note) describes a female of this
type from the Rio Roosevelt in the collection of the American Museum
of Natural History. Very probably his record of M. garbei (Novitates
Zoologice, XIV, 1907, 383) from the Rio Madeira belongs here also; it
was based on a male, however, and indeterminable. Our series of five
specimens are all from the Rio Purts.

Type, No. 87,591, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult female; Hyutana-
han, Rio Purts, Brazil, January 28, 1922; Samuel M. Klages.

Myrmotherula menetriesii omissa, subsp. nov.

Male similar to that of Myrmotherula menetriesit cinereiventris Sclater
and Salvin in being generally without a decided black throat-patch, but
female different, being much more ochraceous below—yellow ocher to
(almost) raw sienna.

Todd—Gnateaters and Antbirds from Tropical America. 159

In his latest review of this group Dr. Hellmayr (Field Museum Zoologi-
cal Series, XIII, iii, 1924, 161-4) ranges Pard records under cinereiventris,
but those from Villa Braga on the Rio Tapajéz he places provisionally
under berlepschi, calling attention to the peculiarities of four females from
that locality (apparently he had seen no males), and intimating that they
might represent an undescribed race. With more ample material now
before me than was available to him, I now find this to be the case. But
I can see no especial differences between the females from the Para region
(three specimens) and the series from both banks of the Rio Tapajéz,
both being equally richly colored below (the upper parts varying some-
what, but not geographically). Dr. Hellmayr speaks of the rich coloration
beneath of some of the Pard females (l.c., p. 162, note). The present
form differs from berlepscht (not seen by me) in the usual lack of any well-
defined gular black patch in the male, and the rather paler coloration
of the under parts in the female (fide Hellmayr), berlepschi being still
more richly colored below in this sex. The black throat-patch is fairly
well marked, although small, in but one male from Villa Braga (No. 75,766)
and more or less indicated in a number of others from that locality, which
may be regarded as variants or intergrades towards berlepschi. I choose
a type, therefore, from among the purer bred Benevides birds, and from
the females.

Type, No. 69,230, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult female; Bene-
vides, Para, Brazil, September 4, 1918; Samuel M. Klages.

Herpsilochmus stictocephalus, sp. nov.

Male: above gray (dark gull gray), with some black and white mottling
on the back (more or less concealed); wings black, the remiges with white
outer edgings (widest on the tertiaries) and the wing-coverts with con-
spicuous white terminal spots; tail black, all the feathers with broad white
tips except the central pair, which have small white terminal spots and
more or less white spotting or edging on their inner webs; pileum and
nape black, the forehead with some small white spots or streaks; broad
superciliaries white; transocular streak black; auricular and suborbital
region mottled black and grayish white; under parts white, shaded with
pale gray; under wing-coverts white.

Female: above gray, shaded with olive gray, and mottled with black
and white (more or less concealed), as in the male, but rather more brown-
ish, and the edgings of the remiges more grayish white; tail as in the male;
pileum and nape black, with white spots, less conspicuous laterally; super-
ciliaries grayish white; transocular stripe black; sides of head mottled
grayish white; under parts white, the breast strongly buffy, and the flanks
more or less shaded with light olive gray; under wing-coverts white.

The form described by the present writer as Herpsilochmus sticturus
nigrescens (Proceedings Biological Society of Washington, XXVIII, 1915,
80) was based on a pair of birds from the Rio Caura, Venezuela. There
were then available for comparison two male examples from Rio Yuruan,
Venezuela (near the British Guiana frontier), which had been examined
by Dr. Hellmayr and pronounced typical H. sticturus. When the series

160 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

of Herpsilochmus from French Guiana came to be studied, it was found
that the females were of two distinct types: those with rufous stripes
on the pileum and a barely perceptible tinge of buffy on the lower parts;
and those with a white-spotted pileum and strongly buffy under parts.
The latter were slightly larger as well, the wing running 47-50 mm., and
the tail 35-38 mm., while the corresponding figures for the former class
were 45-47 mm. and 30-36 mm. It then developed that the males
also fell into two classes, the differences, however, being less obvious. In
the larger form the wing of the male measures 47-50 mm., and the tail
34-40 mm., as against 45-47 mm. and 31.5-36 mm. for the other. In
the smaller form the general coloration is darker, especially so above,
and the pileum is plain black, without any sign of white spotting or streak-
ing on the forehead, which is always more or less in evidence in the larger
bird.

Since these two forms occur together (in French Guiana at least) they
must be distinct species. The smaller, darker bird from French Guiana
is absolutely the same as the type and topotype of nigrescens from the
Caura, while the two males from Rio Yuruan belong to the larger and
lighter-colored species. The question at once arose as to which of the
two was the real Herpsilochmus sticturus (described from British Guiana,
an intermediate locality with reference to our specimens). The descrip-
tion seemed to point to the smaller species, since there was no mention
made of any white spotting on the forehead in the male, while the female
was said to have the pileum marked with rufescent. In order to put the
matter beyond question, however, Dr. Perey R. Lowe of the British Mu-
seum was asked to re-examine the type-series with this point in view,
and his notes, recently received, suffice to confirm my suspicions that
nigrescens is a pure synonym of sticturus. For the larger bird, represented
in our collection by two specimens from Venezuela and thirty-four from
French Guiana, a new name is therefore required. The name chosen
refers mainly to the characters of the female, from which sex the type
is selected. An immature male (No. 65,164), with some greenish remiges
and a white-spotted pileum, absolutely ties up the males of this series
with the females described above.

Type, No. 62,172, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult female; Tama-
noir, French Guiana, June 19, 1917; Samuel M. Klages.

Terenura humeralis transfluvialis, subsp. nov.

Adult male similar to that of Terenura humeralis humeralis Sclater and
Salvin from eastern Ecuador and Peru, but lesser wing-coverts and lower
back rich Mars orange, instead of dull chestnut, and wing-bands entirely
yellow. Adult female with the throat dull whitish, with no buffy shade,
and the rest of the under parts dull reed yellow, almost as in the male.

This form is based on a pair of birds from Hyutanahan, Rio Puris,
Brazil, which differ from the description and figure of T. humeralis in
the respects above pointed out. A single male from Sao Paulo de Olivenga
appears to vary in the direction of the typical race. Dr. Hellmayr, who
has examined these specimens at my request (and has also seen the types

Todd—Gnateaters and Antbirds from Tropical America. 161

of humeralis in the British Museum), believes the form they represent to
be new. In any event the present records materially extend the range
of this speciés, not known heretofore to run beyond eastern Peru and
Ecuador.

Type, No. 87,818, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult female; Hyutana-
han, Rio Purtis, Brazil, February 7, 1922; Samuel M. Klages.

Microbates collaris perlatus, subsp. nov.

Similar to Microbates collaris collaris (von Pelzeln) of the middle Amazon,
French Guiana, etec., but black pectoral collar wider, and posterior under
parts sensibly darker.

Eleven specimens from Tonantins, Rio Solimoés, Brazil, when com-
pared with twenty-three from French Guiana and sixteen from Mana-
capurt, Brazil (the latter essentially topotypical) agree in having the
breast-band wider and the sides and flanks with more grayish shading,
giving a darker appearance to the under parts by comparison as the two
series lie side by side. The flanks and crissum, too, are rather darker
brown.

Although this species is known from Amazonian Colombia, no adequate
series have heretofore been available, either from this section or from
the type-locality, which will readily account for this race having been
overlooked thus far.

Type, No. 97,201, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Tonantins,
Rio Solimoés, Brazil, July 11, 1923; Samuel M. Klages.

Cercomacra tyrannina vicina, subsp. nov.

Similar to Cercomacra tyrannina tyrannina (Sclater), and female not
distinguishable. Male paler below, the flanks always heavily shaded with
light brownish olive, and the wings externally and tail decidedly brownish
olive.

This is the series which Dr. Hellmayr after examination says ‘‘are not
different either’ (from typical tyrannina). I can not agree with this
determination. It is scarcely likely that all of the five males (in fresh
plumage) are in supposedly immature dress, and even if they were they
do not agree with the duller-colored males of the El Tambor (Colombia)
series, the olivaceous wash on the wings, tail, and flanks being consider-
ably more intense and more uniform. The plate accompanying the original
description of tyrannina (Proceedings Zoological Society of London, 1855,
pl. 98) shows a bird with decidedly grayish wings, which in any event
can not be the form with which we are now dealing. Moreover, three
adult males from Buena Vista, Colombia, in the collection of the American
Museum of Natural History, although presumably topotypical, are clearly
intermediate between the form here characterized and a series from El
Tambor, Colombia, and could be referred to one as easily as to the other.
But if we take tyrannina from the original description and figure the
present form seems entitled to a name. The olive brownish coloration
of certain parts suggests that observed in leta, but is much more intense,
besides which, the females are different, agreeing with those of tyrannina.

‘

162 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

We have eight specimens from Palmar, Boyaca, Colombia (near the foot —
of the northern extremity of the Eastern Andes) and four others (not
quite typical) from Azulita, Venezuela, in the humid forest region on
the opposite side of the Venezuelan Andes.

Type, No. 60,446, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Palmar,
Boyaca, Colombia, April 19, 1917; M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Cercomacra nigricans atratus, subsp. nov.

Male similar to the same sex of Cercomacra nigricans nigricans Sclater,
but larger. Female uniformly darker in general coloration than the
female of nigricans.

Dr. Hellmayr acknowledges only one form of this species in his recent
work, and still more recently Dr. Chapman (Bulletin American Museum
of Natural History, LV, 1926, 400) reiterates his belief that there is no
racial variation. But there can be no question whatever that our series
from western Colombia (twenty-four specimens) are not the same as the
birds from the Santa Marta region and Magdalena Valley, listed as nigri-
cans. They are constantly larger, and the females differ also in coloration,
being uniformly darker. The upper parts, including the wings and tail,
are more blackish, and the black of the under parts is more extended
posteriorly, while the gray of the flanks is more sooty, producing a de-
cidedly darker effect as the two series lie side by side. Two females (so
marked) from Yumbo (Nos. 70,046-7) have the plumage below irregularly
streaked on the throat and squamated elsewhere with white, which is
probably an individual variation, but otherwise they are as dark-colored
as the others.

Compared with birds from western Ecuador (Cercomacra maculosa
Sclater) the present form differs in the female sex in being much blacker
below. Ecuador females are all conspicuously mottled with white and
gray (blackish in only one specimen, which, however, is much grayer
even than our No. 70,046). They suggest Sclateria nevia very strongly
indeed, and are even more mottled than young birds of true nigricans.
There are thus three valid races of this species, of which the one from
western Colombia remains to be named.

Type, No. 70,140, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult female; Yumbo,
Valle, Colombia, August 14, 1918; M. A. Carriker, Jr. (Wing, 67; tail 67.)

Myrmoborus stictopterus, sp. nov.

Male not certainly distinguishable from the same sex of Myrmoborus
lugubris (Cabanis) except for its smaller size (wing, 67; tail, 43). Female:
above sepia brown, becoming more rufescent on the pileum, and passing
into antique brown on the forehead, this color continued backward as
a superciliary stripe, which is paler and more buffy behind the eyes; lores
and sides of the head and neck black; wing-coverts like the back, but
more rufescent, with conspicuous triangular terminal spots of buffy white;
remiges externally cinnamon brown; tail warm sepia; under parts white,
the flanks and crissum washed with brownish buffy; under wing-coverts
white.

Todd—Gnateaters and Antbirds from Tropical: America. 163

This species differs from Myrmoborus femininus (Hellmayr), in the
female sex, by the whiter under parts, the much paler and therefore more
conspicuous spotting of the wing-coverts, the much less rufescent back,
and in particular by the different head-pattern, the forehead in femininus
being concolor with the crown, while the superciliaries are black hke the
sides of the head. The single male example is not quite adult, but shows
paler tipping to the wing-coverts which is indicated as strongly in some
examples of M. lugubris, but not at all in M. femininus. The female
specimen, taken at the same time as the male, seems to be fully adult.

This is probably the form recorded by Dr. Hellmayr (Novitates Zoo-
logice, XIV, 1907, 380) from Anavehana, Rio Negro.

Type, No. 99,135, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult female; Mar-
recao Island, Manacapuri, Brazil, March 8, 1924; Samuel M. Klages.

Myrmoborus ardesiacus, sp. nov.

Adult male: above, including wings and tail externally, slate-color,
the forehead and the sides of the crown usually slightly more bluish in
tone, the back with a large concealed white interscapular patch; wing-
coverts black, with distinct but narrow white tips; outermost primary,
alula, and primary-coverts margined externally with white; sides of head
(including narrow superciliaries) and entire throat black; rest of under
parts deep gray (dark gull gray); under wing-coverts mixed gray and
white.

Adult female: above dull brown (sepia to Prout’s brown), the back
with a concealed white interscapular patch, the forehead and the sides
of the crown indistinctly paler; wings and tail externally like the back;
wing-coverts black and brown, with distinct but narrow buffy tips; outer-
most primary, alula, and primary-coverts margined externally with white;
sides of head (including narrow superciliaries, loral, subocular, and auricu-
lar regions) black; throat white, sometimes bounded behind by a row of
blackish spots, but often grading directly into the ochraceous buffy shading
of the rest of the lower parts, which is heavy and uniform on the flanks
and crissum, but pale on the abdomen medially, this part sometimes being
nearly white; under wing-coverts mixed brown and white.

This interesting and unexpected new species combines the dark colora-
tion of the male of M. leucophrys with the banded wings and white inter-
scapular spot of M. melanolema and M. myotherinus. The female more
nearly resembles that of M. melanolema, but may at once be told by the
pure white instead of buffy outer margins of the feathers along the edge
of the wing, and by the darker feet. The description is based on a series
of forty-eight specimens, all from the type-locality.

Type, No. 98,556, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Mana-
capurt, Rio Solimoés, Brazil, October 16, 1923; Samuel M. Klages. (Wing,
61; tail, 38; bill, 17; tarsus, 24.)

Myrmoborus ardesiacus proximus, subsp. nov.

Similar to Myrmoborus ardesiacus ardesiacus, and male not certainly
distinguishable. Female much more deeply and richly colored below,

164 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

the entire under parts, except the throat, being rich ochraceous buff,
while the throat also is more or less washed with this color, and the edge
of the wing (primary-coverts, alula, and outer primary), which is pure
white in the typical race, is more or less shaded with buffy.

In this form, which comes from the south side of the Amazon, opposite
Manacapurt, the female has assumed a color which is almost the same
as in M. ochrolema, except that the throat, which in that species is con-
color with the rest of the under parts, is paler, more whitish. The color
below is between the ochraceous buff and yellow ocher of Ridgway, and
it is virtually uniform, and not paler and interrupted medially, as in the
typical form. The present form differs from M. elegans (Colombian
specimens) in the male being darker, more slaty gray below, while the
female has the white of the throat not bordered posteriorly by a row of
blackish spots, and the upper parts not quite so dark.

Type, No. 99,391, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult female; Caviana,
Rio Solimoés, Brazil, June 2, 1924; Samuel M. Klages.

A Review oF THE GENUS MyRMECIZA AND ITS ALLIES.

The treatment of the forms included under the generic groups Sclateria,
Myrmeciza, and Myrmoderus by Dr. Hellmayr in his late review of the
Antbirds is not entirely satisfactory, as admitted by Dr. Hellmayr him-
self. Having been able to examine most of the included species, I take
advantage of this occasion to propose a new arrangement, in the effort
to group the several forms more nearly in accordance with what I conceive
to be their real affinities, as shown by their structural characters. Although
reluctant to increase the number of genera in this Family, I believe it

_is better to do so than to attempt to keep forms under the same generic
heading which have no characters in common to hold them together,
so that the genus becomes unsusceptible of definition and therefore mean-
ingless from a systematic standpoint.

SciaTerr1A Oberholser.

Sclateria Oberholser, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1899. 200 (new
name for Heterocnemis Sclater, preoccupied; type, Holocnemis flammata
Strickland =Sitta nevia Gmelin).

This genus is characterized by its long, slender bill (longer than the
head), relatively short tail, and by the tendency of the tarsal scutes to
become fused and obsolete. It is hereby restricted to include only the
type-species and its near allies.

Sclateria nzvia diaphora Todd.
Sclateria nevia diaphora Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, X XVI,
1913, 172 (Rio Mocho, Rio Caura, Venezuela).
Sclateria nzevia nzvia (Gmelin).
Sitta nevia Gmelin, Syst. Nat., I, i, 1788, 442 (Surinam, ex Edwards).
Sclateria nzvia toddi Hellmayr.

Sclateria nevia toddi Hellmayr, Field Mus. Zool. Ser., XIII, iii, 1924,
253 (Santarem, Rio Tapajéz, Brazil).

Todd—Gnateaters and Antbirds from Tropical America. 165

Sclateria argentata (DesMurs).

Herpstlochmus argentatus DesMurs in Castelnau, Expéd. Amér. Sud,
Zool., I, Oiseaux, 1856, 53, pl. 17, fig. 2 (Nauta, Peru).

The yellow feet and nearly white (unstriped) under parts of this form
are in my opinion good specific characters as compared with S. nevia,
in spite of the somewhat intermediate character of the Tapajéz race.

Schistocichla, genus novum.

Similar to Sclaterta Oberholser, but bill proportionately shorter and
slenderer (shorter than the head). Similar to Myrmeciza Gray, but loral
and frontal regions fully feathered; bill stouter, with the commissure
straighter; and the tail relatively longer, usually extending beyond the
outstretched feet. Type, Percnostola leucostigma von Pelzeln.

The species belonging to this group have been shifted about from one
genus to another by different authors. The latest authority (Dr. Hell-
mayr) keeps them in Sclateria, but with much misgiving, and suggests
that the latter group be restricted to S. nevia and its allies, or else merged
with Myrmeciza. The latter course would make its satisfactory diagnosis
quite impossible, so that, after going over the whole ground, I have reached
the conclusion that the facts would be best expressed by setting off ‘‘S.”’
leucostigma and its allies from both these genera, and still further restrict-
ing Myrmeciza.

Schistocichla subplumbea subplumbea (Sclater and Salvin).

Dysithamnus subplumbeus Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
1880, 158 (Sarayacu, Ecuador).

Schistocichla subplumbea, subsp.

This is the Sclateria schistacea of authors, but not of Sclater, 1858,
whose type has been unique until recently, and belongs to a species en-
tirely distinct from that with which it has been misidentified, as will
be shown beyond. The present form is therefore without a name, but
is conspecific with S. subplumbea, from which it differs in the generally
darker coloration of the male, and the darker brown upper parts and
rather lighter under parts of the female.

As we understand that this form is shortly to be formally described
and named by Mr. John T. Zimmer from material in the Field Museum,
we refrain from christening it here.

Schistocichla leucostigma (von Pelzeln).

Percnostola leucostigma von Pelzeln, Orn. Brasiliens, ii, 1868, 86, 160
(“Barra do Rio Negro” = Mandos, Brazil).

This form is closely related to S. subplumbea, but is much lighter in
color in both sexes, and the feet are pale, not dark, as in that form. For
the present it may remain specifically distinct, its separated range lending
support to this view.

hit

166 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Schistocichla infuscata, sp. nov.

Male: above dark neutral gray, the pileum, wings, and tail more black-
ish; wing-coverts with small white terminal spots; sides of head deep
neutral gray, passing into light neutral gray on the under parts, the flanks
and crissum dark olive gray. Wing, 63; tail, 48; bill, 19; tarsus, 25.

Female: above, including outer aspect of wings, deep, rich brown (be-
tween Mars brown and Prout’s brown), the remiges mummy brown towards
their tips; wing-coverts with ochraceous tawny terminal spots; tail dull
black; pileum dark brownish olive, with indistinct blackish edgings to
the feathers; sides of head similar but duller; under parts between ochra-
ceous orange and ochraceous tawny, paler on the throat, darker and more
brownish on the flanks and crissum. Wing, 66; tail, 50; bill, 19; tarsus, 25
(fresher plumage).

The male of this form is much paler than that of S. subplumbea; the_
bill (below) and feet are light-colored instead of dark. The female is
also much paler below; the bill and feet differ as in the male; and the
upper parts are almost the same, except the pileum and sides of the head,
which are brownish olive, not slaty gray. The species is based on a single
pair of birds from Tonantins, on the upper Amazon.

Type, No. 96,887, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult female; Tonan-
tins, Rio Solimoés, Brazil, June 21, 1923; Samuel M. Klages.

Schistocichla humaythe humaythe (Hellmayr).

Sclateria schistacea humaythe Hellmayr, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, XIX,
1907, 51 (Humaytha, Rio Madeira, Brazil).

This form was described from the upper Rio Madeira, and was supposed
to be confined to that region. No form of this group has ever been re-
corded from the Rio Tapajéz, so that our series from that river (Santarem,
Villa Braga, and Apacy), consisting of two adult and one immature males
and three adult females, are of double interest. They fit the descrip-
tion of humaythe exactly, and show that its range is more extensive than
was supposed. The feet in both sexes are decidedly paler (‘‘flesh pink”’
in life) than in S. subplumbea. The latter is not only much darker colored
in both sexes, but the female has the pileum and the sides of the head
slaty.

Schistocichla humaythe major, subsp. nov.

Similar to S. humaythe humaythe, but larger, and tail relatively shorter.
Male purer gray above and below; female duller brown above, and the
sides of the head dull brownish olive, like the pileum, instead of rufescent
like the under parts.

Forty-one specimens of this race are in the collection, from the following
localities in Brazil: Hyutanahan and Arima, Rio Purtis; Sao Paulo de
Olivenga, Manacapurt, and Caviana, Rio Solimoés. No form of this group
has been known thus far in the region of the Rio Purts, or on the middle
Amazon above Mandos, but the present series fill the gap, and show a
presumably continuous range between the forms inhabiting French Guiana

Todd—Gnateaters and Antbirds from Tropical America. 167

and Peru respectively. It is curious to find the same form on both sides
of the river at Manacapurt, while farther up, at Sao Paulo de Olivenga
and Tonantins, two forms occur, confined to either bank. Mandos is the
type-locality of S. leucostigma, yet at Manacapuri it is the present form
that occurs. Probably the Rio Negro is the dividing line between their
respective ranges.

Type, No. 96,274, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult female; Sado
Paulo de Olivenga, Rio Solimoés, Brazil, April 5, 1923; Samuel M. Klages.
(Wing, 70; tail, 48; bill, 18.5; tarsus, 26.5.)

Schistocichla saturata (Salvin).

Heterocnemis saturata Salvin, Ibis, 1885, 427 (Roraima, British Guiana).
No specimen of this form has been examined.

Schistocichla schistacea (Sclater).

Hypocnemis schistacea Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1858, 252 (Rio
Javarri, Peru).

Male: above and below (including wings and tail externally) almost
uniform slate-color, duller on the abdomen and crissum; wing-coverts
with small white terminal spots. Wing, 62-66; tail, 47-50; bill, 17-18;
tarsus, 23-25.

Female: above rich brown (between Brussels brown and raw umber),
duller (pale mummy brown) on the rump, more rufescent on the pileum,
which shows paler shaft-stripes and obscure darker margins to the feathers;
wings externally brown like the back, the wing-coverts with rufescent
buff terminal spots; tail dusky slate-color; sides of head (including super-
ciliaries) and under parts in general rich ochraceous rufous (between
Mars yellow and Sudan brown), becoming duller and browner (sepia)
on the flanks, and dusky slate-color on the crissum. Wing, 60-65; tail,
48-50; bill, 16.5-18; tarsus, 24—25.

Of this species we have a series of forty-nine specimens from Sao Paulo
de Olivengca and Tonantins, on the Rio Solimoés, Brazil. Some of these
were sent to Dr. Hellmayr, and he reports that they are the long-lost
true ‘‘Hypocnemis”’ schistacea of Sclater, founded originally on a single
male sent by Bates from the Rio Javarri, which flows into the Rio Solimoés
a little west of SAo Paulo de Olivenga. The species identified as schistacea
by later authors is an entirely different bird, subspecifically related to
SS. subplumbea, and is described above. In order to clear up the confusion
surrounding the present form a full description is here given.

For the present I refer this species to Schistocichla, but it is aberrant,
having a weaker bill and shorter tail than the typical forms of that group.
The feet, too, are weaker, and the tarsi rougher. In coloration, however,
it suggests S. caurensis, and may provisionally be left near that form.

Schistocichla caurensis (Hellmayr).

Sclateria schistacea caurensis Hellmayr, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, XIX,
1906, 9 (Caura River, Venezuela).

168 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

In its rather longer tail and rougher tarsi this species approaches Myrme-
lastes, but otherwise is best referred to Schistocichla.

MyYrMELASTES Sclater.!

Myrmelastes Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1858, 274 (type by sub-
sequent designation [Sclater, 1890], Myrmelastes plumbeus Sclater=
Thamnophilus hyperythrus Sclater).

This group differs from Myrmeciza in its stouter, heavier bill, and more
rounded nostrils. The tail is relatively longer, the outstretched feet not
reaching beyond it. But the best marked generic character is the ex-
tensive naked postorbital area, which sets off this group from its affines,
although in Myrmeciza maculifer there is an approach towards it. On
the other hand the genus is related to Gymnocichla, in which the denuda-
tion is still more extensive.

Myrmelastes hyperythrus (Sclater).

Thamnophilus hyperythrus Sclater, Edinburgh New Philos. Journ., (n.s.)
I, 1855, 235 (Chamicuros, Peru).

Myrmelastes geldii Snethlage.

Myrmelastes goeldii Snethlage, Journ. f. Orn., LVI, 1908, 17 (Bom Lugar
and Ponto Alegre, Rio Purts, Brazil).

Not seen by the writer, but since it is said to agree perfectly in structure
and proportion with M. melanoceps, it is doubtless correctly placed here.

Myrmelastes melanoceps (Spix).

Thamnophilus melanoceps Spix, AVium . . . Brasiliam, II, 1825, 28,
pl. 39, fig. 1 (‘“‘Pard”’ [error]=Rio Iga, Brazil [fide Hellmayr]).

Myrmelastes fortis fortis (Sclater and Salvin).

Percnostola fortis Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soe. ooo 1867, 980,
pl. 45 (Pebas and Chyavetas, Peru).

Three females from eastern Ecuador (lower Rio Suno) in the collection
of the American Museum of Natural History agree closely with our series
from the Rio Purtis, Sdo Paulo de Olivenga, and Caviana, Brazil (forty-
nine specimens).

1Myrmelastes cryptoleucus Ménégaux and Hellmayr, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (9), VIII,
1906, 30 (Pebas, Peru) =Thamnophilus cryptoleucus. As shown by the large series in the
collection of the Carnegie Museum (from Sao Paulo de Olivenca, Panelas Island, and
Marrecao Island, Rio Solimoés, Brazil), the type of this species, supposed to have been
a male, must have been a female instead. The male may be thus described: black, with
a slight gloss, wanting on the flanks,.which are duller and more sooty; back with a large
concealed white interscapular patch, and the scapulars edged with white externally; all
the wing-coverts conspicuously edged with white toward their tips, and the innermost
lesser coverts largely of this color; under wing-coverts pure white, and inner margins of
remiges white basally, increasing in extent on the innermost; “‘iris seal, eyelids blackish;
bill black; feet plumbeous.’’ There is a certain resemblance in coloration between this
species and Myrmelastes melanoceps, but it is clearly a Thamnophilus, and not a Myrme-
lastes. Dr. Hellmayr, to whom some of our series were submitted for examination, fully
agrees with this allocation.

Todd—Gnateaters and Antbirds from Tropical America. 169

Myrmelastes fortis incanescens, subsp. nov.

Similar to Myrmelastes fortis fortis, and adult male not certainly dis-
tinguishable. Adult female more grayish above; flanks duller brown; and
bill dark-colored beneath.

This form is based on a series of nine specimens from Tonantins, on the
north bank of the Rio Solimoés in western Brazil. In the five females of
this series the upper back is largely dark gray, in strong contrast to the
pileum, while in true fortis the rufescent color predominates. In our female
specimens of this latter form the bill below is pale or yellowish.

Type, No. 97,601, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult female; Tonantins,
Rio Solimoés, Brazil, August 2, 1923; Samuel M. Klages.

Myrmelastes immaculatus immaculatus (Lafresnaye).

Thamnophilus immaculatus Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., VIII, 1845, 340
(“Bogotd,’’ Colombia).

Myrmelastes immaculatus berlepschi (Ridgway).

Myrmeciza berlepschi Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, X XII, 1909,
74 (Chimbo, Ecuador).

Myrmelastes immaculatus zeledoni (Ridgway).

Myrmeciza zeledoni Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, X XII, 1909,
74 (Guayabo, Costa Rica).

Myrmelastes lophotes (Hellmayr and von Seilern).

Percnostola lophotes Hellmayr and von Seilern, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern,
XII, 1914, 90 (Rio San Gaban, Carabaya, Peru).
Not examined in the present connection.

Myrmeciza Gray.!

Myrmeciza Gray, List Genera Birds, ed. 2, 1841, 34 (type, Drymophila
longipes Swainson).

In Myrmeciza the bill is weaker than in Myrmelastes; the nostrils are
more elongated; the region back of the eye is normally feathered (although
in one group of species the frontal region is less densely feathered than
usual); and the tail is relatively shorter, falling short of the outstretched
feet.

- Myrmeciza longipes longipes (Swainson).

Drymophila longipes Swainson, Zool. Journ., II, 1825, 152 (‘‘Brazil”’
Jerror| = Trinidad [fide Hellmayr]).
Myrmeciza longipes panamensis Ridgway.

Myrmeciza boucardi panamensis Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
XXI, 1908, 144 (Panama Railroad).

1Myrmeciza dubia Snethlage (Journ. f. Orn., LX XIII, 1925, 273) Iam unable to place
from the description.

———
—

170 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Myrmeciza longipes boucardi von Berlepsch.

Myrmeciza boucardi von Berlepsch, Ibis, 1888, 129 (‘‘ Bogota,” Colombia).

Myrmeciza longipes griseipectus von Berlepsch and Hartert.

Myrmeciza swainsont grisetpectus von Berlepsch and Hartert, Novy.
Zool., IX, 1902, 76 (Caicara, Venezuela).

Myrmeciza lemosticta lemosticta Salvin.

Myrmeciza lemosticta Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, ‘1864,’ 1865,
582 (Tucurriqui, Costa Rica).

Myrmeciza lemosticta palliata Todd.

Myrmeciza lemosticta palliata Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XXX
1917, 129 (La Palmita, Santander, Colombia).

This form was based on two specimens from the type-locality and one
other from El Tambor, Colombia. A single example from Azulita, Venez-
uela, extends its range considerably.

Myrmeciza lemosticta nigricauda Salvin and Godman.

Myrmeciza nigricauda Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves,
II, 1892, 230 (Intac, Ecuador).

Myrmeciza exsul occidentalis Cherrie.

Myrmeciza exsul occidentalis Cherrie, Auk, VIII, 1891, 191 (Pozo Azul,
Costa Rica).
Myrmeciza exsul exsul Sclater.
Myrmeciza exsul Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, XXVI, “1858,”
1859, 540 (Panama).

Myrmeciza maculifer maculifer (Hellmayr).

Myrmelastes exsul maculifer Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., XIII, 1906, 340
(Paramba, Ecuador).

Myrmeciza maculifer cassini (Ridgway).

Myrmelastes cassini Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XXI, 1908,
194 (Turbo, Colombia).

As shown by Dr. Chapman and confirmed by the writer, specimens of
this species from western Colombia are variously intermediate between
maculifer and cassint. The type and topotype of cassini, which have been
examined in this connection, turn out to be intermediate examples, but
rather nearer the northern form, so that the name may be retained.

Myrmeciza spodiogastris! (von Berlepsch and Stolzmann).
Myrmeciza spodiogastra von Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ibis, 1894, 397
(Borgofia, Chanchamayo Valley, Peru).

1Dr. Oberholser contends that compounds of -gaster should be inflected the same as
those of -venter, and with this I am inclined to agree, provided that the word is used as
an adjective and not as a substantive.

Todd—Gnateaters and Antbirds from Tropical America. 171

A series of specimens from Sao Paulo de Olivenga, Rio Solimoés, Brazil,
fit the original description very well, but require comparison with topotypi-
cal material.

Myrmeciza hemimelena hemimelena Sclater.

Myrmeciza hemimelena Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1858, 48
(Bolivia).

Mr. Ridgway (Bulletin U. 8. National Museum, No. 50, V, 1911, 15)
was uncertain as to the generic position of this species, but thought it
might be a Myrmoderus. Dr. Hellmayr, indeed; places it with that group,
but I can not follow him in so doing. It seems to me that it agrees much
better (even in style of coloration) with Myrmeciza, and ought to be placed
in this group instead. Only in the denser feathering of the lores and frontal
region does it approach Myrmoderus, all the other characters being dif-
ferent. These remarks apply also to M. spodiogastris.

Myrmeciza hemimelena pallens von Berlepsch and Hellmayr.

Myrmeciza hemimelena pallens von Berlepsch and Hellmayr, Journ. f.
Orn., LIII, 1905, 32 (Villa Bella de Matto Grosso, Brazil).

Myrmeciza ruficauda (Wied).

Myiothera ruficauda Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Brasilien, III, ii, 1831, 1060
(“Brazil’”’ = Rio Doce, Prov. Espirito Santo, fide Hellmayr).

After examining this species I would refer it without hesitation to
Myrmeciza instead of to Myrmoderus. Its short tail, scantily feathered
forehead, and style of coloration all bring it into the former group.

Myrmeciza pelzelni Sclater.

Myrmeciza pelzelni Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 283 (Mara-
bitanas, Rio Negro, Brazil).
Not examined in this connection, but apparently belonging here.

Myrmovervs Ridgway.

Myrmoderus Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XXII, 1909, 70
(type, Myiothera loricata Lichtenstein).

This group, as set up by Mr. Ridgway and later treated by Dr. Hellmayr,
is certainly heterogeneous, and requires subdivision, for as it stands it is
incapable of proper definition. I propose, therefore, to restrict it to the
type-species, Myiothera loricata Lichtenstein, and its near ally, Myrmeciza
squamosa von Pelzeln. These agree in shape of the bill, feathering on the
head, style of coloration, and in having the tail longer than the wing, with
rather narrow rectrices, and much rounded or graduated. The feet are
rather weak, and the tarsi slender and pale-colored.

Myrmoderus loricatus (Lichtenstein).

Myjiothera loricata Lichtenstein, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, 44
(Bahia, Brazil). :

172 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Myrmoderus squamosus von Pelzeln.

Myrmeciza squamosa von Pelzeln, Orn. Brasilien, ii, 1868, 87, 162 (Ypan-
ema Mattodentro, Sao Paulo, Brazil).

Myrmedestes, genus novum.

Similar to Myrmoderus Ridgway, but tail shorter than the wing, the
rectrices relatively wider; and the sides of the head largely naked. Type,
Turdus ferrugineus Miiller.

In the general shape of the bill the type of this genus resembles Myrmo-
derus, but there the resemblance ends, and it seems strange that Mr.
Ridgway should have assigned it to that group. The loral, suborbital,
and postocular regions are extensively bare—more so than in Gymnopithys
and Rhegmatorhina—and this character alone would suffice to keep the
species in question out of Myrmoderus, while the style of coloration is
different, and the black feet also suggest a distinction.

Myrmedestes ferrugineus ferrugineus (Miiller).

Turdus ferru,ineus Miiller, Natursyst., Suppl., 1776, 141, ex Daubenton,
Pl. Enl., 560, fig. 2 (Cayenne).

Myrmedestes ferrugineus elutus, subsp. nov. .

Similar to Myrmedestes ferrugineus ferrugineus from north of the Amazon,
but flanks and crissum paler in both sexes, and female with more white
below the black pectoral band, on the upper abdomen.

Nineteen specimens from Villa Braga and Itaituba, Rio Tapajéz, Brazil,

‘differ from a good series from French Guiana and Obidos as above pointed

out, and the difference is fully enough to justify giving the southern bird a
new name, although it is bridged over by individual variation in both sexes.
In typical ferrugineus the flanks and crissum are usually Brussels brown,
almost uniform, while in the new form the flanks are nearer buckthorn
brown, deepening on the crissum into antique brown. As seen in series
the difference is obvious, and would of itself justify subspecific separation of
the trans-Amazonian birds, aside from the much whiter under parts of the
female of the latter, which is another good character.

Type, No. 76,019, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Villa Braga,
Rio Tapaj6z, Brazil, December 27, 1919; Samuel M. Klages.

Myrmophylax, genus novum.!

Similar to Myrmoderus Ridgway in the shape of the bill, but tail approxi-
mately equal to the wings, composed of broad black feathers, widening

1Myrmoderus griseiceps Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., No. 86, 1923, 6 (Palambla, Piura,
Peru)=Neorhopias grisetceps. Dr. Chapman described this very distinct species as a
Myrmoderus, probably because of its resemblance in color to ‘“‘Myrmoderus”’ atrothoraz.
To my mind, however, this resemblance is purely superficial, and its weak feet, graduated
and (in the male) white-tipped tail, shape of bill, etc., indicate that it belongs in Neorhopias
instead. Even the general style of coloration is not seriously out of accord with the other
members of this generic group. ‘

Todd—Gnateaters and Antbirds from Tropical America. 173

towards their tips; and style of coloration entirely different. Type,
Formicarius atrothorax Boddaett.

The reason for associating this group of species with Myrmoderus is
not apparent. In fact, they rather suggest Neorhopias Hellmayr, except
for their more rounded wings and much stronger feet.

Myrmophylax atrothorax atrothorax (Boddaert).

Formicarius attothorax (err. typ.) Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. Enl., 1783, 44, ex
Daubenton, Pl. Enl., 701, fig. 2 (Cayenne).

Myrmophylax atrothorax melanura (Méné¢triés).

Formicivora melanura Ménétriés, Mem. Ac. Sci. St. Petersburg, (6)
III, ii, 1835, 508, pl. 8, figs. 1, 2 (Cuyabdé, Matto Grosso, Brazil, fide
Chrostowski).

Myrmophylax atrothorax maynana (Taczanowski).

Myrmeciza maynana Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1882, 32
(Yurimaguas, Peru).
Not examined in this connection.

Myrmophylax stictothorax, sp. nov.

Male: above dull medal bronze (with a concealed white interscapular
blotch), more grayish on the pileum, more dusky on the rump, the wings
externally more brownish (sepia), the lesser and middle coverts more
blackish; all the upper coverts with small triangular terminal white spots;
tail and its upper and under coverts black; sides of head and neck, and the
under parts from the breast down, deep neutral gray, the flanks with a
slight wash of brownish olive; throat and breast black medially, the latter
with some shaft-spots or stripes of white; under wing-coverts dull grayish
white. Wing, 58; tail, 56; bill, 14.5; tarsus, 23.5.

Female: above bright Dresden brown (with a concealed white inter-
scapular blotch), the pileum duller (more olivaceous), the wings externally
more brownish (Prout’s brown), their coverts with whitish or buffy terminal
spots (larger than in the male); tail black; forehead and sides of head dull
gray; throat white; breast and sides of neck rich ochraceous buff, the sides
of the abdomen washed with the same color; abdomen medially white;
flanks washed with Saccardo’s umber; tibie and crissum deep neutral
gray; under wing-coverts buffy white. Wing, 57; tail, 55; bill, 13.5;
tarsus, 24.5.

This species is allied to M. atrothorax atrothorax, from which it differs,
in the male sex, by its white-spotted breast, and in the female, by its lighter-
colored upper parts and more extensively white under parts. No form of
this group has been known heretofore from south of the Amazon in the
east, so that it is not surprising to find a representative here that is new.
Unfortunately this species is represented by only a single pair of birds,
which, however, can not be matched with any known form.

Type, No. 77,834, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Apacy,
Rio Tapaj6z, Brazil, April 17, 1920; Samuel M. Klages.

ol —

174 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Chamzza nobilis fulvipectus, subsp. nov.

Similar to Chameza nobilis nobilis Gould of eastern Ecuador and Peru,
but breast rich yellow ocher, with the usual black stripes.

This form is based on a single individual, which I can not believe is im-
mature, even although the buffy crissum might so suggest; its characters
seem rather the culmination of the tendency towards fulvescence of the
breast which is shown by specimens from the Rio Purts and Rio Solimoés.
Moreover, this is an entirely new region for nobilis, and it is not surprising
to find it represented here by a different race.

Type, No. 75,049, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Colonia do
Mojuy, Santarem, Brazil, November 12, 1919; Samuel M. Klages.

Gymnopithys leucaspis lateralis, subsp. nov.

Similar to Gymnopithys leucaspis leucaspis (Sclater), but upper parts
less rufescent; dusky stripe on the sides of the body more extended pos-
teriorly, to cover most of the flanks; the lower flanks more brownish, less
rufescent; crissum more extensively white, with little or no brownish wash.

This is a well-marked form, easily recognizable by its duller, more
brownish coloration and dusky flanks, and usually whitish crissum, con-
tinuous with the white of the abdomen. ‘The species has not been traced
farther east heretofore than the upper Rio Negro, and so it is not sur-
prising to find that it has undergone modification on reaching the farthest
outskirts of itsrange. Its characters are shown equally well in both sexes.
Eleven specimens have been examined, all from the type-locality.

Type, No. 98,050, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Manacapurt,
Rio Solimoés, Brazil, September 21, 1923; Samuel M. Klages.

Hylophylax nzvia obscura, subsp. nov.

Similar to Hylophylax nevia consobrina Todd, but the upper parts
darker in tone, between brownish olive and sepia (instead of Dresden
brown); gray of sides of head darker.

Four males and two females from Tonantins, on the north bank of the
Rio Solimoés, are so markedly different from a series from Manacapurt
(consobrina) and another from French Guiana (nevia) that I have no al-
ternative but to give them a name. Very possibly the dark-headed birds
from Marabitanas, Rio Negro, to which Dr. Hellmayr refers (Field Mu-
seum Zoological Series, XIII, ii, 1924, 309, note), may belong here also.
I do not consider them, however, as intergrades in the direction of therese,
which occurs at Sao Paulo de Olivenga, farther up the Rio Solimoés. There
is no evidence of intergradation forthcoming.

Type, No. 96,888, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Tonantins,
Rio Solimoés, Brazil, June 21, 1923; Samuel M. Klages.

Hylophylax gutturalis, sp. nov.

Adult male: above dark neutral gray, the back with a small concealed
white interscapular blotch, the lower back, rump, and wing-coverts with
numerous feathers black subterminally and tipped with white, producing a

Todd—Gnateaters and Antbirds from Tropical America. 175

squamate effect; remiges dusky black, the secondaries with white tips; tail
black, with small white terminal spots, and crossed near its middle by a row
of white spots, confined to the inner webs except on the outermost pair of
feathers, where they occur on both webs; upper tail-coverts black, with
white terminal spots; throat black; sides of head and rest of lower parts
deep neutral gray, including under wing-coverts; under tail-coverts with
whitish tips, and paler in tone; “‘iris reddish brown or chestnut; bill black;
feet bluish gray.”

Adult female: above brown (dull Brussels brown), the back with a small
white interscapular blotch, the pileum more rufescent (argus brown),
passing into amber brown on the forehead and sides of the head; lower
back with black-and-white-tipped feathers as in the male; wing-coverts
brown, tipped with white or buffy; upper tail-coverts brown, with a sub-
terminal black area and white tips; tail-feathers black, with white median
and terminal spots as in the male; wings deep brown, with paler brown
outer edgings, and whitish terminal spots on the secondaries; throat
bright ochraceous buff, darkening on the breast into tawny buff (between
ochraceous tawny and buckthorn brown) and into dull tawny olive or
buffy brown on the flanks; under tail-coverts dull cinnamon buff or clay-
color, with sometimes indicated paler tips; under wing-coverts like the
breast.

The male of this interesting new species is so close to that of H. nigrigula
(Snethlage) (a large series examined) that I can find no constant charac-
ters whereby to distinguish it, although it might possibly be a little darker.
The female, on the contrary, is entirely different from the same sex of
nigrigula, and requires comparison only with that of lepidonota, than which,
however, it is much duller below, especially posteriorly, there being a
gradual fading out of the rufescent color from the throat to the crissum,
whereas in lepidonota the under parts are nearly uniform.

This adds another form to the group typified by H. pecilonota, in which
the various species seem to be characterized by different permutations and
combinations of sex- and color-characters. We have thirty-three speci-
mens, all from the type-locality.

Type, No. 95,647, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult female; Sao
Paulo de Olivenga, Rio Solimoés, Brazil, March 3, 1923; Samuel M. Klages.

Phlegopsis erythroptera ustulata, subsp. nov.

Similar to Phlegopsis erythroptera erythroptera (Gould) from north of the
Amazon, but male distinguishable by having the upper tail-coverts almost
or quite pure black, with little or no maroon brown color; female paler and
duller in general coloration, more brownish, less rufescent, the light mark-
ings on the wings decidedly buffy instead of. white.

The above characters hold good in a series of ten males and five females
from south of the Amazon, as compared with nine males and five females
from north of that river, assumed to represent typical erythroptera (cf.
Hellmayr, Field Museum Zoological Series, XIII, iii, 1924, 318-9). As
seen in series, this is a good race. The buffy color of the wing-markings

Att

176 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

is not due to immaturity, since an obviously immature female (No. 93,708)
has these markings rich rusty-buff, and much larger.

Type, No. 93,707, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult female; Arima,
Rio Purtis, Brazil, October 13, 1922; Samuel M. Klages.

Grallaricula nana occidentalis, subsp. nov.

Similar to Grallaricula nana nana (Lafresnaye), but distinguished by its
paler coloration below.

Compared with Lafresnaye’s type of nana (No. 76,739, Collection
Museum Comparative Zoology) our three specimens from the Western
Andes are obviously paler, ochraceous rather than ferrugineous below, and
seem to represent a separable race. It is of course not surprising to find
that the bird of the Western Andes is different. This appears to be the
first record from that range.

Type, No. 70,434, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Sancudo,
Caldas, Colombia, September 2, 1918; M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Myrmothera campanisoma subcanescens, subsp. nov.

Similar to Myrmothera campanisoma campanisoma (Hermann) of French
Guiana and northern Brazil, but larger; upper parts more brownish (deep
Dresden brown), less rufescent; and stripes on under parts tending more to
grayish; under wing-coverts paler, more buffy, less ochraceous. Wing
(type), 86; tail, 40; bill, 20; tarsus, 44.

With a satisfactory series of Myrmothera campanisoma from various
parts of its range it is obvious that three races are represented: (1) the
typical one from French Guiana, a strongly rufescent form, small by com-
parison; (2) minor, from the upper Amazon and Rio Purts, much duller
and more olivaceous; and (3) a paler race, more russet brown above and
with the breast-streaks grayer, which is found on both banks of the Rio
Tapajéz, and probably ranges over to the Rio Madeira. This new form
agrees with minor in larger size as compared with campanisoma, but above
is not so dull or so olivaceous, inclining more to brownish; the under wing-
coverts are also paler as a rule. in spite of some individual variation in
the direction of the other forms it is a perfectly good race, as seen in a
series of twenty-nine skins (compared with thirty-eight of campanisoma
and twenty-eight of minor).

Type, No. 74,906, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Colonia do
Mojuy, Santarem, Brazil, November 6, 1919; Samuel M. Klages.

Grallaria varia distincta, subsp. nov.

Dr. Hellmayr has already called attention to the peculiarities of this
race, as represented by specimens from the Rio Madeira. It is similar
to varia, but the buff shaft-streaks of the upper parts are more distinct;
the tail is brighter colored, nearer amber brown than argus brown; the
markings of the under parts are more brownish, less rufescent, and tend
more to break up into spots or bars posteriorly; and the under wing- and

Todd—Gnateaters and Antbirds from Tropical America. 177

tail-coverts average brighter, more ochraceous. Five males and one fe-
male compared with five males and seven females of true varia support
this diagnosis. We have, then, three races of this species in the Amazon
Valley: varia on the north, from east of the Rio Negro to French Guiana;
cinereiceps from the Rio Negro westward; and the present race on the
south side of the Amazon, from the Rio Tapajéz to the Rio Madeira at
least.

Type, No. 75,444, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Villa Braga,
Rio Tapajéz, Brazil, December 6, 1919; Samuel M. Klages.

—

J 5 (Tagua ct nae ala ad ' nh

Vol. 40, pp. 179-192 December 2, 1927
BROCGEE DINGS it

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGS ON TID ‘

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li

NEW REPTILES AND BATRACHIANS COLLECTED BY \
DR. HUGH M. SMITH IN SIAM. li

BY DORIS M. COCHRAN. |

From 1923 until the spring of 1927 the collections of the |
United States National Museum have been enriched by a wealth |
of scientific material collected by Dr. Hugh M. Smith, formerly ,
the head of the United States Bureau of Fisheries in the Depart- I)
ment of Commerce, now adviser in fisheries to the Siamese i
Government and director of the Siamese Department of Fish-
eries. Each shipment of material from him contains specimens
which are profoundly interesting and valuable to science. A
complete report on the reptiles and batrachians collected by i
him is about to go to press;—in the mean time full descriptions i
of three frogs, four lizards and a snake, all new to science, HM
have been prepared as a stimulus to further collecting in the
type-localities. i"

The genus Chirixalus, established by Boulenger in 1893 on
the finding of a frog with opposed fingers in Burma, must i
now be united with the genus Philautus since the discovery by |
Dr. Malcolm Smith of Philautus palpebralis, which has the
first two fingers partially opposed to the others. I am now
describing two species with opposed fingers, nongkhorensis and I,
hansenae, which serve to bridge even more completely the sup- i
posed gap between the two genera. i

Philautus nongkhorensis, new species.

Diagnosis.—Snout pointed, with a distinct prominence at the extreme (
tip; skin of head, back and sides with small, round, scattered warts, which i
are most numerous and largest on the snout; tibio-tarsal articulation reach- i
ing tip of snout; interorbital space broader than upper eyelid; first two il
fingers opposable to the last two. i

37—Proc. Bion. Soc. WasH., Vou. 40, 1927. (179)

180 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Type.—U. 8. National Museum No. 70108, adult male collected at Nong
Khor, southeastern Siam, on October 5, 1925, by Dr. Hugh M. Smith.
Description of the type-——Habit stout. Tongue free and deeply notched

‘ behind; no papilla; choanae small, rounded, almost entirely hidden by the

edge of the jaw. Head large, as broad as long; snout shorter than diameter
of orbit, pointed, with a distinct prominence at the extreme tip, this prom-
inence very evident in profile; canthus rostralis very distinct; loreal region
slightly concave, vertical; nostrils much nearer tip of snout than eye, the
region above each nostril swollen and prominent; interorbital region broader
than upper eyelid; tympanum about one-third the diameter of eye; first
two fingers opposable to the last two; a small but distinct web present,
this web largest and most apparent between the outer pair of fingers and
fringing all the fingers nearly to the disks; fourth finger reaching to the
center of the disk on the third finger; disks of the third and fourth fingers
as large as the tympanum, of the first two fingers smaller; toes two-thirds
webbed, the web extending to the disks, which are a little smaller than the
tympanum; subarticular tubercles well developed; a small blunt inner
metatarsal tubercle; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching tip of snout; skin of
head, back and sides with small round scattered warts which are most
numerous on the snout; throat and thighs finely granular, belly coarsely
granular; a glandular fold extending from the superciliary region to the
shoulder; other glandules at the corner of the mouth and on the shoulder; a
large external vocal sac.

Coloration.—Dorsal surface pale purplish buff, with an indistinct darker
pattern beginning as a cross-bar on the head through the middle of the
upper eyelids, followed by a dusky median blotch which fades out shortly
after it reaches the level of the shoulders; very fine gray dots over the
entire upper surface, including arms and legs, which have in addition some
suggestions of indistinct dusky bars; a few very irregular dusky markings
on the back; above the vent a white line bordered below by grayish dots;
throat and belly immaculate white; lower surfaces of legs cream color.

Dimensions of the type.—Snout to vent, 28 mm.; breadth of head, 10 mm.;
eye, 45 mm.; height of tympanum, 1.5 mm.; fore limb, 17 mm.; hand, 8
mm.; hind limb, 39 mm.; tibia, 14 mm.; foot, 11 mm. Nine additional
specimens were taken at the same locality.

Remarks.—The variation in the nine paratypes from the same locality
is not great. A female, 70099, the largest in the lot, measures 32 mm. in
length. In this individual the webbing between the third and fourth
fingers is a good deal deeper than in the type specimen. The roughened
warty skin is evident in all the frogs, this being particularly noticeable in
70104, where there are warts or glandules even on the arms and legs. This
rough skin will serve at once to distinguish nongkhorensis from Boulenger’s
doriae, which he characterizes as possessing a smooth skin. The pointed
snout with the queer projection on the end of it will differentiate my species
from stmus of Annandale, which possesses a truncated snout, but has a
warty head as in nongkhorensis. The color variation among the paratypes
is not great, for although some are a little darker than the others, the
pattern is indistinct in all of them, with the exception of the crossband

Cochran—Reptiles and Batrachians Collected in Siam. 181

between the eyes, and—in three examples—the faint traces of another
dark band just back of the nostrils.

Dr. Malcolm Smith was the first to secure this species at Nong Khor, but
he identified it with Chirixalus doriae (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1924, p.
226); I believe, however, that the two species are truly distinct.

Philautus hansenae, new species.

Diagnosis.—Fingers free, the first two opposed to the other two; upper
part of body smooth; tympanum distinct, one-half of the diameter of the
eye; throat perfectly smooth; interorbital space much broader than the
upper eyelid; inner metatarsal tubercle very small and inconspicuous.

Type.—U. 8. National Museum, No. 70109, adult male, collected at
Nong Khor, southeastern Siam, on October 4, 1925, by Dr. Hugh M.
Smith.

Description of the type-—Habit slender. Tongue deeply nicked behind;
no papilla; choanae small, rounded, partly hidden by the edge of the jaw;
head a little longer than broad, moderately depressed. Snout obtusely
pointed, projecting beyond the mouth, a little longer than the eye; nostril
nearer the tip of the snout than the eye; canthus rostralis distinct; loreal
region nearly vertical, concave; interorbital space much broader than the
upper eyelid; tympanum fairly distinct, a little less than one-half the di-
ameter of the eye, its distance from the eye somewhat less than its own
diameter. First two fingers opposed to the others; the outer two fingers
bound together to the proximal end of the penultimate phalanx, and with
the merest vestige of a web between them, the fourth finger reaching to the
disk of third; the second finger only half as long as third; disks as long as
broad, those of the third and fourth fingers as large asthe tympanum. Toes
half-webbed, their disks smaller than those of the fingers; subarticular tuber-
cles well developed; palm of hand with numerous flattened granules; inner
metatarsal tubercle very small and inconspicuous; no outer tubercle; outer
metatarsals separated at the distal end only. The tibio-tarsal articula-
tion reaching to the nostril. Skin quite smooth except on the belly and
lower aspects of the thighs where it is coarsely granular; a feeble fold above
and behind the tympanum; an internal vocal sac.

Coloration.—Ground color creamy yellow above and below; the lips
lighter; a very distinct white stripe starting at the tip of the snout, con-
tinuing backwards on the canthus rostralis to the eye, then widening be-
hind the eye and continuing as a broad, definite dorso-lateral stripe up to
the insertion of the hind legs; the entire surface excepting throat and belly
thickly dotted with minute reddish dots which are most closely set at the
upper and lower margins of the white dorso-lateral stripes; an interrupted
dorsal series of dark elongate spots; a round bright blue spot on each side
of the back about on a line with the insertion of the hind legs; a few in-
distinct traces of dark cross-bars on the tibia.

This species is named in honor of my friend, Miss Dora Hansen.

Dimensions of the type.—Snout to vent, 21 mm.; breadth of head, 6.5 mm.;
eye, 3 mm.; height of tympanum, 1.5 mm.; fore limb, 13 mm.; hand, 7 mm.;
hind limb, 33 mm.; tibia, 12 mm.; foot, 9 mm. Seven additional speci-

182 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

mens were taken at the same locality. One other came from Ban Sadet,
collected May 30, 1925.

Remarks.—Among the eight paratypes the variation in color pattern is
great indeed. One female, 70114, has no dark markings whatsoever, the
whole back being peppered with fine reddish dots which are closer together
as they approach the margins of the lateral white stripes. Another frog,
70113, also a female, appears to be a ruddy fawn color above, set off by
three series of sienna spots, one median starting on the tip of the nose,
the other two on the dark upper margins of the lateral stripes; on this
specimen the fine dots are not so evident on the back; it is only below the
lateral white stripe that they stand out at all conspicuously from the back-
ground color. This frog has a few irregular dark patches on the femur,
as well as quite a number of them on the tibia.

A sexual difference in length of legs is quite apparent in this series. The
tibio-tarsal articulation of all the males easily reaches to the nostril, while
in the females it reaches only to the anterior border of the eye or a little
beyond.

The female from Ban Sadet taken May 30, 1925, contains a number of
rather large eggs. The three females captured October 4 and 5 of the
same year are obviously full of eggs, and when one of them was dissected,
the eggs were found to be about the same size as those of the Ban. Sadet
female. The length of the largest female is 23 mm.

The tympanum is very distinct, though small, on nearly all of the speci-
mens. In two of them it is not so distinct because it is more nearly the
color of the surrounding skin, although it can be readily outlined when the
frog is placed in a different light.

From Philautus palpebralis this new species differs in having a much
broader interorbital space; in having the tympanum usually quite distinct;
in possessing a relatively short second finger and a very long third finger,
while the third and fourth are bound together for a much greater pro-
portion of their length; and also in coloration. The fingers of hansenae
are much more opposed than seems to be the case with palpebralis;—so
much so, in fact, that it is hard to uncurl them in the alcoholic specimens
under examination.

From doriae, hansenae differs in having the snout longer than the eye
and in having a more slender body.

From nongkhorensis, hansenae differs likewise in slenderness of body as
well as in having a smoother skin.

Microhyla malcolmi, new species.

Diagnosis.—Interorbital space as wide as upper eyelid; skin rough; toes
entirely webbed; two metatarsal tubercles, the outer much the larger and
shovel-shaped; a large tarsal “shovel.”

Type.—U. 8. National Museum, No. 72172 (collector’s number, 2328),
an adult female collected at Pak Jong, Siam, on November 15, 1925, by
Dr. Hugh M. Smith.

Description of the type—Habit moderately slender. Snout very blunt
and obtuse, shorter than the orbit; interorbital space as broad as upper

Cochran—Reptiles and Batrachians Collected in Siam. 183

eyelid. Fingers long, slender, with very small disks; third and fourth
fingers bound together up to the first joint; second finger much longer than
the first, and about half the length of the third; toes long, webbed com-
pletely to their tips, which are dilated into rather large disks; the upper
surfaces of the tips of the toes flattened and with a central depression, but
without any actual median cleft; subarticular tubercles prominent; a dis-
tinct inner and a greatly developed shovel-like outer metatarsal tubercle;
on the tarsus a very large “‘shovel,’’ fully as long as the first toe. The
tibio-tarsal articulation reaches far beyond the tip of the snout; tibia more
than two-thirds the length of the head and body. ' Upper parts with many
short, glandular ridges which are most numerous on the sides; a long
glandular ridge along each side from above the arm nearly to the groin;
three rows of glands on top of the head, the outer two extending from the
snout to behind the eye, the middle one to still farther down the back;
lower parts smooth; no granules about the vent.

Coloration (in alcohol).—Purplish-gray above, with a large dark angular
blotch in the middle of the back; an irregular black spot above the fore-
arm; a series of irregular black spots just below the glandular lateral ridge;
a few scattered black spots on the front of the femur; a black patch above
the vent on either side; a black line running along the inner face of the
tarsal ‘“‘shovel”’ and continuing down the tarsus to the metatarsal region;
bottoms of feet black. A light area below the eye; a light streak from the
posterior corner of the eye to the shoulder, bordered above and below by
black. Throat and chest gray with many small white spots; lower aspect
of thighs and legs pinkish-orange, their upper aspect dark purplish-gray,
with very indistinct darker bandings. Snout to vent, 35 mm.; tibia, 26 mm.
Type unique.

I take pleasure in naming this species for Dr. Malcolm A. Smith, now of
Surrey, England, whose interest in Siamese reptiles and amphibians during
his many years of residence in Bangkok has added so greatly to our knowl-
edge of the fauna of Malaysia.

Remarks.—The type is as yet the only known example of this very
remarkable species. It is a female, apparently fully grown, and contains
a great many eggs.

This species resembles Microhyla berdmorei in possessing fully webbed
toes. It is not close even to berdmorei, however, for it has no median cleft
on the upper surface of the toes. It has also a much blunter snout and a
much narrower interorbital space, while the tarsal ‘‘shovel,” though sug-
gested in berdmoret by a slight and hard protrusion on the tarsus, is carried
to a relatively immense degree of development in malcolmi.

Sphenomorphus helenae, new species.

Diagnosis.—Limbs well developed, pentadactyle; ear opening distinct,
as large as the eye opening, without lobules; lower eyelid scaly; no supra-
nasals; the limbs meet and overlap very slightly when pressed against the
body; 30 scales around the middle of the body; 3 pairs of enlarged nuchals;
17 lamellae under the fourth toe; 4 supraoculars.

184 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Type.—U. 8S. National Museum No. 67265, collected at Nontaburi,
Siam, by Dr. Hugh M. Smith on September 2, 1923.

Description.—Habit lacertiform; limbs well developed, pentadactyle; the
length of the hind limb exceeds the distance between the center of the eye
and the fore limb; the distance between the end of the snout and the fore limb
contained 13 times in the distance between axilla and groin. Snout short,
obtuse; loreal region nearly vertical; a single anterior loreal shield. Lower
eyelid scaly. Nostril pierced between a nasal and a postnasal; no supra-
nasal; rostral convex, forming a broad suture with the frontonasal, which
is a little broader than long and forms a narrow suture with the frontal,
thus separating the prefrontals; frontal slightly narrower than the supra-
oculars, shorter than the frontoparietals and interparietal together, in
contact with first and second supraoculars; four large supraoculars, first
and second equal in length, the third shortest; six supraciliaries, first
largest; frontoparietals and interparietal distinct, equal in length; the
parietals forming a short suture behind the interparietal; three pairs of
enlarged nuchals; fifth and sixth upper labials largest, the suture between
them below the center of the eye. Ear-opening distinct, oval, as large as
the eye-opening; no auricular lobules. Thirty smooth scales around the
middle of the body, laterals slightly smaller than the dorsals, which are all
quite uniform in size; caudal scales perfectly smooth. A pair of large
preanals. The adpressed limbs overlap very slightly, the tip of the fourth
toe just reaching to the tip of the fifth finger. Digits of fingers not com-
pressed, of toes only very slightly, none especially elongated; subdigital
lamellae smooth, seventeen under the fourth toe. The tail (partly re-
produced) very slightly longer than head and body, the scales beneath it
enlarged.

Coloration (in alcohol): Above yellowish-brown with scattered dots
of slightly darker color; a dark brown lateral band beginning on the tip
of the snout and continuing along the side of the head and over the ear,
widening considerably at the shoulder and margined above by a light area
for its entire length; from the shoulder onwards the dark band is broken up
by short transverse spots of the light ground-color, until on the tail it
appears as an irregular dark-brown line with invading areas above and
below; a median dorsal stripe beginning on the neck, much narrower and
less conspicuous than the lateral stripes, and breaking up into numerous
irregular brown spots which are continued onto the tail; upper surfaces of
arms and legs also brown- and yellow-spotted; labials and sides of head,
body and tail spotted with minute grayish dots; entire under surface im-
maculate white.

Dimensions of the type.-—Total length, 58 mm.; head and body, 28 mm.;
tail (partly reproduced), 30 mm.; center of eye to shoulder, 8 mm.; hind
limb, 10.5 mm.; end of snout to fore limb, 10.5 mm.; axilla to groin, 14.5
mm.; fore limb, 7mm. The type is unique.

I take great pleasure in naming this species for my friend Mrs. Helen T.
Gaige, of the Museum of Zoology at Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Remarks.—The nearest relative to Lygosoma helenae is undoubtedly
L. annamiticum described by Boettger (Ber. Senckenberg. Nat. Ges., 1901,

Cochran—Reptiles and Batrachians Collected in Siam. 185

p. 47) which was collected in Annam. The main difference between the
two is in the proportions of the first two supraoculars;—in annamiticum
the first supraocular is nearly double the length of the second, while in
helenae the first and second supraoculars are about equal in length, the
second, if either, being slightly the longer. Then, too, annamiticum is
, the larger-scaled of the two species, possessing 24 scales around mid-body,
while helenae has 30 at that point. The subdigital lamellae are different,
also, there being 20-22 in the species from Annam, while there are only
17 in my new species. The frontal scale seems to be much longer in the
Annam species, for Boettger states it to be as long as frontoparietals and
parietals together, while in helenae the frontal is only two-thirds that dis-
tance, and even falls short of equalling the length of interparietal and
frontoparietals together. The median dorsal scale-rows are said to be
very broad in annamiticum, while in helenae the 8 rows of scales covering
the back are uniform in size and grade evenly and insensibly into the smaller
laterals. The coloration is still another separating character, for in an-
namiticum the under surface is marked with black spots while in helenae
it is immaculate; and there are three broad dark stripes in the former
species, which in the latter are reduced to two rather strong lateral stripes
and a very weak and indefinite dorsal stripe.

The two species are similar in possessing enlarged nuchal and preanal
scales, the same number of supraoculars, and a large ear-opening. Ap-
parently helenae has no near relatives on the mainland with the exception of
Boettger’s species with which I have just compared it.

Sphenosoma hughi, new species.

Diagnosis.—Limbs well developed, pentadactyle; frontoparietals two;
rostral separated from frontonasal by a pair of supranasals which are per-
fectly distinct from the nasals; lower eyelid scaly; 28 scales around the
middle of the body, the dorsals with 5 low keels, the outer being very in-
distinct; no enlarged nuchals; frontal slightly longer than interparietal and
frontoparietals together; hind limb measures about half the distance from
axilla to groin.

Type.—U. S. National Museum No. 72275 (collector’s number 2941),
taken at Koh Tao, Gulf of Siam, by Dr. Hugh M. Smith on January 1,
1927.

Description of the type-—Distance between the end of the snout and the
fore limb 12 times in the distance between the axilla and groin. Limbs
well developed, pentadactyle, not meeting when adpressed. Snout ob-
tuse; lower eyelid scaly; supranasals completely separated from the nasals
and in contact behind the rostral; frontonasal much broader than long,
forming a broad suture with the frontal; prefrontals small and widely
separated; frontal slightly longer than the interparietal and frontoparietals
taken together; the frontoparietals and interparietal distinct, the latter
slightly the smaller; parietals forming a suture behind the interparietal;
no enlarged nuchals. Four large supraoculars; seven supraciliaries;
seven upper labials, the fifth the largest and below the center of the eye,

186 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

longer than deep, about equal to the third and the fourth together. Second

loreal twice as long as the anterior loreal. Ear-opening very small, round-

ish; 28 scales around the body, the dorsals with 5 low keels of which the

outermost are barely discernible; lateral scales with very faint keels;

preanal scales slightly enlarged. Digits moderate, compressed; fourth

toe a little longer than third, with 14 bluntly keeled subdigital lamellae.

Tail a little longer than head and body; the scales on top keeled, those”
beneath it not enlarged.

Coloration.—Bronze-brown above, fading to lighter brown below. Pos-
terior dorsal scales tipped with dark brown; a dark brown streak beginning
at the nostril and continuing backwards along the sides, gradually becom-
ing lighter, as the dark pigment becomes restricted to the tips of the scales
from the shoulder onwards. Sides of tail with light and darker spots
irregularly scattered. Upper labials hght brown without any spots on the
sutures, but toned with dark brown at their entrance to the mouth. Di-
mensions of the type: head and body, 55 mm.; tail, 60 mm.; axilla to groin,
31 mm.; fore limb, 12 mm.; hind limb, 16 mm.; fore limb to center of eye,
14 mm.; 2 an limb to end of snout, 19 mm.

Two een Moeel specimens were secured at the same ipcikies It gives
me great pleasure to name this species in honor of its discoverer, Dr. Hugh
M. Smith.

Variations.—the only essential difference in scalation in the heads of the
two paratypes is in the upper labials. In 72274, the fourth is below the
center of the eye on both sides of the head, measuring less in length, how-
ever, than the two labials preceding it. The same is true of 72276, so
that it might almost seem that the type is abnormal in possessing 4 labials
before the subocular, and that 3 is really the usual number. The posterior
loreal is always much the longer.

All the specimens agree in having 28 scale-rows, and in the two para-
types the outermost keels on each scale are more easily distinguishable than
in the type.

As might be expected, the smallest specimen has slightly longer legs in
proportion to the distance from axilla to groin. The hind leg is only about
1% times into that distance.

The coloration of 72276 is even move uniform than that of the type. The
dark brown lateral band is obvious only to the shoulder; upon the sides and
tail it is no longer distinguishable. No. 72274, on the other hand, is the
most definitely colored of the three, for not only is the dark brown lateral
band quite distinct almost to the hind leg, but it also has a lighter stripe
bordering it above from behind the eye.

Relationships.—It can not be doubted that this species is very closely
related to Lygosoma herberti Smith, from the Nakon Sritamarat in Peninsu-
lar Siam. The chief difference lies in the larger frontal in hughi,—the
frontal being a little longer than the interparietal and frontoparietals to-
gether, while in herberti the frontal equals the length of the interparietal
and the frontoparietals. The subocular scale in hughi is not excessively
large, not being longer than the sum of the two scales preceding it, as is the
case in herberti. The keels on the dorsals seem to be very much weaker in

Cochran—Reptiles and Batrachians Collected in Siam. 187

hughi. There are no definite white spots on the sides, although as every
scale is dark-bordered, the centers appear light.

It is less closely related to bowringi, for the latter species has a pair of
enlarged nuchals and a pair of temporals, as well as only 3 indistict keels
on the dorsals, differing from hughi in all these respects.

Leiolopisma eunice, new species.

Diagnosis.—Limbs well developed, pentadactyle, not meeting (or slightly
overlapping on the young) when adpressed along the body; ear-opening
distinct, nearly as large as the eye-opening, without projecting lobules;
lower eyelid with an undivided transparent disk; no supranasals; fronto-
nasal broader than long, forming a straight suture with the rostral; 2
frontoparietals; several pairs of feebly enlarged nuchals; 1 pair of enlarged
preanals.

Type.—U. 8. National Museum No. 72180, collected at Bang Suk, near
Pak Jong, Siam, by Dr. Hugh M. Smith on August 19, 1926.

Description of the type.—Body elongate; the distance between the end of
the snout and the fore limb contained (in the adult type) 2 times in the dis-
tance between axilla and groin; snout extremely short, obtuse; head de-
pressed and flattened; lower eyelid with an undivided, transparent disk;
nostril pierced in the nasal; no supranasals; frontonasal broader than long,
forming a broad, straight suture with the rostral which is convex; pre-
frontals just touching each other; frontal narrow behind, considerably
shorter than the frontoparietals and parietal together, in contact with the
two anterior supraoculars; four supraoculars, the first and fourth longer
than the second and third; six supraciliaries; frontoparietals and inter-
parietal distinct, subequal in size; parietal forming a suture behind the
interparietal; several pairs of feebly enlarged nuchals; the fifth lower labial
falls below the center of the eye on the left side of head, the sixth on the
right side. Har-opening oval, distinct, nearly as large as the eye-opening;
no auricular lobules; 34 smooth scales around the middle of the body,
laterals smallest, those beneath the tail somewhat enlarged. A pair of
enlarged preanals. The adpressed limbs do not meet, being separated by a
distance equalling the length of the foot. Digits distinctly compressed,
subdigital lamellae bluntly keeled, 18 under the fourth toe. Tail 1%
times the length of the head and body.

Coloration.—Above dark bronze, the neck and back with small scattered
darker spots, which coalesce toward the posterior part of the body and on
the beginning of the tail to form a dark median stripe. A narrow black
band beginning on the snout, continuing above the ear and broadening
above the shoulder, to continue along the sides and on to the tail; the bor-
ders of this band are unevenly invaded by lighter bars of color from above
and below. Sides yellowish-gray, with some scattered black dots in front
of the groin and extending midway tothe arm. Lower surfaces of body and
throat light gray, immaculate; underside of tail yellowish, dotted with
minute brown specks. Lips light, their posterior edges usually with gray
or black dots. Upper surface of limbs bronze, with heavy black mottlings.
Dimensions of the type: Total length, 135 mm.; head and body, 53 mm.;

188 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

tail, 82 mm.; center of eye to shoulder, 13 mm.; hind limb, 16 mm.; end of
snout to fore limb, 16 mm.; end of snout to posterior border of ear, 9 mm.;
fore limb, 11 mm.; axilla to groin, 31 mm.

Two young specimens probably referable to this species were taken at Pak
Jong, Eastern Siam, on May 18, 1925. This species is named in honor of
my friend Miss Eunice E. Myers.

Variations —The two young specimens (70271-2) taken at Pak Jong,
Eastern Siam, on May 18, 1925, referred to this species, agree well with
the type in head scalation, except that the frontal and interparietal plates
are a little broader in proportion to their length than is the case in the
adult type. In the smallest specimen, 70272, there is a small interpo-
lated scale between the two frontoparietals, which prevents their meet-
ing; the suture between the rostral and the frontonasal is not straight,
but is slightly curved; and the adpressed limbs overlap somewhat. In the
slightly larger specimen, 70221, the limbs barely overlap, while in the
adult type the limbs fail to meet by a considerable interval.

In both of the young lizards, the congregation of black spots to form a
distinct dark median stripe on the posterior part of the body and on to the
tail is quite noticeable. The other color characteristics likewise agree
with those of the type.

The several pairs of enlarged nuchals on each of the smaller specimens
are much more pronounced than in the type, where some of the nuchals
are divided into smaller scales. It is impossible to tell just how many pairs
of nuchals there are, because they merge with the dorsal scales by regular
gradations in size.

Relationships.—A comparison of my new species with Letolopisma laterale
can leave no doubt that the two are very closely related. The similarities
in body-form and general appearance are at once evident. Both have the
widened nuchals which reduce gradually to the size of dorsal scales, and the
upper head shields are quite similar. The color pattern, however, is dis-
tinctly of a different style in the two species. In ewnice, the dark lateral
band is invaded by many little bars of the lighter color from above and below
it; in laterale the band is reduced to a narrow dark line which is fairly even
in outline above and is set out with a very light area above it, while below
it the sides are of a uniform bronze hue, with no trace of vertical bars of
light color. Neither are there any brown spots on the back in laterale,
nor a median dark stripe on the body or tail.

The scales of laterale are larger and less numerous than is the case with
eunice.

Leiolopisma kohtaoensis, new species.

Diagnosis.—Limbs well developed, pentadactyle, not meeting in the
adults (or barely overlapping in the young), when adpressed along the
body; ear-opening distinct, oval, a little smaller than the eye-opening, with-
out projecting lobules; lower eyelid with an undivided, transparent disk;
no supranasals; frontonasal broader than long, forming a straight suture
with the rostral; 2 frontoparietals; nuchal region with one or more pairs of
irregularly enlarged scales; 30 scales around the middle of the body, often

Cochran—Reptiles and Batrachians Collected in Siam. 189

irregularly arranged in rows; frontal shorter than interparietal and fronto-
parietals together.

Type.—U. 8S. National Museum No. 72284, collected at Koh Tao in the
Gulf of Siam by Dr. Hugh M. Smith on December 31, 1926.

Description of the type.—Body elongate, the distance between the snout
and the insertion of the forelimb contained 13 times in the distance be-
tween axilla and groin; snout short, obtuse; lower eyelid with an undivided,
transparent disk; nostril pierced in the nasal; no supranasals; frontonasal
broader than long, forming a straight suture with the rostral which is con-
vex; prefrontals forming a median suture; frontal 2/3 the length of fronto-
parietals and interparietal together, in contact with first and second supra-
oculars; four large, subequal supraoculars; seven supraciliaries; fronto-
parietals and interparietal distinct, subequal in size; parietals forming a
suture behind the interparietal; the suture between the fifth and sixth
supralabials falls exactly beneath the center of the eye. Har-opening oval,
distinct, a little smaller than the eye-opening; no auricular lobules; on the
nuchal region some irregularly enlarged scales; 30 smooth scales around
the middle of the body, all the dorsal scales arranged rather irregularly and
not absolutely uniform in size so that 31 or even 32 scales may be counted
in places; lateral scales smallest; the median row of scales beneath the tail
enlarged very slightly, but becoming very broad where the reproduced por-
tion of the tail occurs. A pair of large preanal plates. The adpressed
limbs do not meet (in the adult), being separated by a distance about equal
to the length of the fingers. Digits rather short and scarcely compressed;
lamellae very obtusely keeled, 16 under the fourth toe. Tail (reproduced)
nearly as long as head and body.

Coloration.—Light bronze above, with irregular, scattered, dark brown
spots on top of the head and in the centers of some of the dorsal scales. A
dark brown band starting on the canthus, passing above the ear and
widening on the shoulder, being broken regularly by little bars of the lighter
bronze color invading it; on the tail this band becomes lighter, and is even
more broken up into spots. The sides below this dark band are pinkish-
yellow with a quite regular row of small dark brown dots along the latero-
ventral line. Arms and legs spotted and irregularly banded above. Under
surfaces white, immaculate except for a few small brown dots on the
throat. Lips light, spotted with brown. Dimensions of the type: Head
and body, 44 mm.; tail (reproduced), 41 mm.; axilla to groin, 24 mm.;
fore limb, 9 mm.; hid limb, 13 mm.; fore limb to center of eye, 12 mm.;
fore limb to end a snout, 15 mm. aie additional specimens were secured
at the same locality.

Variations.—The two paratypes, 72282 and 722838, were taken in the same
place and at the same time as the type.

In 72282 the prefrontal suture is not so long as in the type specimen,
while in 72283 this suture is comparatively very short indeed. The limbs
meet and overlap slightly in 72282, the smallest of the three. In 72283,
somewhat larger, the adpressed limbs can barely be made to touch, while
in the type they are separated by a considerable interval.

Since the limbs of the two youngest lizards are relatively long, they are

wen)

190 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
likewise different when compared to the length from axilla to groin. The
type is 13, the youngest 1} and the middle-sized one 1,3.

The two paratypes have the interparietal a little larger than the fronto-
parietals.

In having the frontal shorter than the frontoparietals and interparietal
measured together, the paratypes agree with the type. In the irregularity
of scalation in the nuchal region and on the back they likewise resemble it.
No. 72283 has a row of small scales behind the posterior border of the parie-
tal plates; then follows a pair of enlarged nuchals, each of which is at least
twice as wide as the irregular small scales which follow. In 72282 there are
three pairs of enlarged nuchals immediately following the parietals, although
these are irregularly shaped, and about 11% times the width of the scales
which they precede. The type possesses only two enlarged nuchals, both
of which are on the left side of the neck and following the parietals.

In 72282 the fourth toes have 15 and 16 lamellae respectively; in 72283
there are 15 and 17 lamellae.

Relationships.—The relationships are most pronounced towards L.
melanostictum Boulenger and L. rupicola Smith.

From melanostictum my new species differs in having the nuchals en-
larged somewhat, and mainly in having considerably fewer scale-rows.

They agree in the relative proportion of the limbs and body, as well as
in other essential characters.

From rupicola my species differs in having considerably shorter limbs,
and in having fewer scale-rows.

They agree in having feebly enlarged nuchals; in having the frontal shorter
than the interparietal and frontoparietals together, and I do not doubt
that a relationship exists between these species.

Callophis hughi, new species.

Diagnosis —One prae- and two postoculars; 7 upper labials; ventrals
285; a single temporal; body immaculate reddish-brown above, the ex-
treme edges of each scale being powdered with minute gray dots.

Type.—U. S. National Museum No. 72307 (collector’s number 2940),
collected at Koh Tao, Gulf of Siam, by Dr. Hugh M. Smith on January 1,
1927, under rubbish in evergreen jungle.

Description of the type-—Eye as long as its distance from the mouth;
rostral broader than deep; frontal as long as its distance from the end of the
snout, much shorter than the parietals; one prae- and two postoculars; a
single temporal; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; two
pairs of chinshields, the anterior the larger and in contact with the first,
third, fourth and fifth pairs of lower labials; second pair of lower labials
much reduced in size, not reaching to the chinshields. Scales in 13 rows;
ventrals 285; anal divided; subcaudals 27.

Coloration.—A note furnished by Dr. Hugh M. Smith states that in life
the general color was ‘‘reddish-brown, lighter on belly; under side of tail
light blue, with black spots; a black ring around neck, another near end of
tail; throat bluish-gray. Never seen before.”’

In alcohol the posterior part of the belly still remains pink, and the tail

Cochran—Reptiles and Batrachians Collected in Siam. 191

appears bluish-white. At the base of the tail is a complete black ring, then
four very irregular spots on the under surface, and near the tip another
black ring which does not quite meet on top of the tail. The top of the
-head is entirely black excepting for the outermost portions of the parietal
region and the outer halves of the internasal plates which are light brown.
The black “‘ring”’ does not extend completely around the neck but covers
the nape and ends below and behind the commissure of the mouth. The
body shows no trace of spotting or striping; it is uniformly reddish-brown
above, the extreme edges of each scale being powdered with minute gray
dots. The sutures between the anterior labials of upper and lower jaw are
marked off by black, the most decided mark coming between the third and
fourth upper labials. Back of this, the posterior labials remain entirely
white. The belly is immaculate, the forward portion being cream color
turning to pink posteriorly. Dimensions of the type.—Total length,
260 mm.; tail, 26mm. The species is named for its collector, Dr. Hugh M.
Smith. The type is unique.

Remarks.—From maculiceps maculiceps, its nearest relative, my new
species differs in having a much higher number of ventrals, as well as in
lacking the black dots along the back. It differs from Dr. Malcolm Smith’s
maculiceps univirgatus in the same characters, as univirgatus has a low ven-
tral count of 173-198 and possesses a conspicuous black vertebral line,
while hughi, with a high ventral count, is immaculate above.

0 LEME OTE EO a Pe OY EO ARE | RE A - ne = Oe ae SS ee ae

1 Ay se

Vol. 40, pp. 193-194 December 2, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

A NEW WEASEL FROM LOUISIAN

BY E. RAYMOND HALL. :

In a study of American weasels, circumstances require the
preliminary description, at the present time, of the following
new form. The name arthurz is proposed as a token of appre-
ciation to Mr. Stanley Clisby Arthur, Director of Wild Life,
Louisiana Department of Conservation, who not only secured
the type specimen now in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology,
but all the other known specimens of this interesting new
weasel.

Mustela noveboracensis arthuri, new subspecies.

Type.—Male, subadult, skull and skin; No. 37515, Mus. Vert. Zool.;
Remy, St. James Parish, Louisiana; December 15, 1925; collected by
Stanley C. Arthur.

Diagnosis.—A member of the noveboracensis group. Males distinguished
from those of Mustela noveboracensis noveboracensis (Emmons) and M. n.
notia (Bangs) by transverse and longitudinal convexity (rather than flat-
ness and concavity respectively) of dorsal outline of skull; greater inflation
of brain case anteriorly; uniformly spreading zygomatic arches; and
slightly darker color, especially on the forehead and nose, of winter coat.
Female unknown.

Range.—Known only from St. James and Assumption parishes, Louisi-
ana.

Remarks.—Due to the scarcity of specimens from the southern part of
the Mississippi Valley, evidence of intergradation, or lack of it, with
geographically adjacent races is had in only one case. A skull-only,
No. 1302, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Fort Smith, Arkansas, has a more in-
flated brain case anteriorly, more evenly spreading zygomatic arches, and
a more convex outline than specimens of noveboracensis from Iowa, and
suggests intergradation of arthuri with noveboracensis.

The single skin-only from Assumption Parish has not assumed the full
winter coat and the underparts have a yellowish tinge as in notia. The

88—Proc. Biot. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 40, 1927. (193)

194 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

other two skins are in full winter pelage and, with the exception of the
posterior half in one, have white underparts.

Although the color of the Louisiana Weasel differs only slightly from that
of noveboracensis and notia, and the size, in so far as can be determined from
the few specimens, not at all, the skull is highly distinctive. The evenly
spreading zygomatic arches, the inflation of the brain case anteriorly, and
the convex outline of the skull dorsally stand in marked contrast to the
abruptly spreading posterior root of the zygomatic arch, and the laterally
constricted and dorsally concave interorbital region in noveboracensis and
notia.

Specimens examined.—Total number, 4. All from Louisiana. St.
James Parish: the type, as above, and one skin-only in the collection of
Stanley C. Arthur; Convent, one skull-only in U.S. Nat. Mus. Assump-
tion Parish, near Lake Verret, one skin-only in collection of Stanley C.
Arthur.

7 fl tf & lf —

Vol. 40, pp. 195-196 December 2, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHIN

THE SIAMESE FISH PUNTIUS PROCTOZYSRON
BLEEKER.

BY HUGH M. SMITH.

In 1865 Bleeker published under the title ‘‘Sur une nouvelle
espéce de Puntius a épine anale dentelée”’ two papers! describ-
ing Puntius proctozysron from Siam. In the same year he
published his ‘“‘Sixiéme notice sur la faune ichthyologique de
Siam’ in which this species is referred to.?

The species may at once be recognized by its very large, strong, toothed
third anal spine, a character which is unique in this group of cyprinoids
and may justify the creation of a separate genus for its accommodation.

The fish is fairly common in the rivers of central Siam, and is always
recognized by the fishermen as distinct from various related species found
in the same waters and bears a vernacular name (pla kamang) which is
given to no other fish.

For nearly sixty years after Bleeker’s ee appeared the fish re-
ceived no further notice. While Puntius proctozysron was definitely
listed by Volz? from Sumatra and doubtfully by Martens* from Borneo,
it does not appear to inhabit the Indo-Australian Archipelago and is in
reality known only from Siam, as stated by Weber and de Beaufort.®
In 1923 Dr. Sundu Lal Hova of the Indian Museum in Calcutta, described
and figured under the name Puntius smithi a fish collected at Bangkok,
Siam, by Dr. Malcolm Smith. Hova claimed for his new species that it
“differs from all the known species of the genus in the possession of a strong,
denticulated anal spine.”

A comparison of Hova’s description and figure with Bleeker’s descrip-
tion clearly indicates that both writers were dealing with the same fish,
and my numerous specimens from various localities in Siam agree perfectly
with Bleeker’s characterization of the species. Puntius smitht Hova
(1923) therefore becomes a synonym of Puntius proctozysron Bleeker
(1865).

1Verslagen Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam, XVII, 1865, pp. 198-202.— —
Nederlandsch tijdschrift voor de dierkunde, Amsterdam, II, 1865, pp. 196-198.

2Nederlandsch tijdschrift voor de dierkunde, II, 1865, pp. 171-176.

3Revue Suisse de Zoologie, Geneva, XII, 1904.

4Die Preussische Expedition nach Asien, Zoologischer theil, 1876.

5The Fishes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago, Ill, 1916, pp. 200-201.

6Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam, VI, 1923, pp. 156-158, pl. 11, fig. 2.

389—Proc. Biot. Soc. WasH., Vou. 40, 1927. (195)

4.06/39

Vol. 40, pp. 197-204 December 2, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

| Py
NEW WESTERN THYSANOPTERA. SQWar musevss4

ware

BY J. DOUGLAS HOOD.

In this paper are described four new genera and seventeen
new species, largely from the deserts of California and Arizona.
The descriptions are preliminary because it necessarily will
be several months before the artist will have completed the
illustrations.

All types are in the author’s collection.

Famity THRIPIDA.

Frankliniella fuscicauda, sp. nov.

Female (macropterous).—Length about 1.1 mm. Head and thorax
reddish orange, the former less brilliant and shaded with gray; abdomen
gray at base, with a slight scattering of yellowish subhypodermal pigmen-
tation, becoming dark blackish brown in last four or five segments; legs
yellow, the femora lightly shaded with gray; wings nearly uniform light
gray; antenne blackish brown, with segment 1, basal three-fifths of 3,
basal third of 4, and pedicel of 5 paler and yellowish.

Arizona. In the flowers of an undetermined plant.

The brilliant orange thorax, with the brown-tipped abdomen, make this
a pretty and easily known species.

Genus Arpediothrips, nov.

Body much flattened, glabrous. Head large and very broad, longer
than and very nearly equal in width to prothorax. Antenne eight-seg-
mented; trichomes on segments 3 and 4 forked. Mouth cone long, nearly
attaining posterior margin of prosternum, moderately stout; maxillary
palpi three-segmented. Pronotum with two pairs of bristles at posterior
angles, the outer pair minute and somewhat shorter than a pair at the
anterior angles. Wings (when present) with two longitudinal veins which
are sparsely but regularly setose throughout their length. Abdominal
bristles short and slender.

Genotype: Arpediothrips mojave sp. nov.

40—Proc. Brou. Soc. WasH.. Vou. 40, 1927. (197)

a ne

SUNTAN lis

198 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

In its depressed body form—an adaptation to life far down between the
closely appressed leaves of Yucca—this interesting little thrips departs
widely from the genera of its family. It is seemingly a derivative of
Frankliniella-like ancestors.

Arpediothrips mojave, sp. nov.

Female.—Length about 1.2 mm. Color pale grayish yellow, with
ovipositor and parts of mouth cone darker; last three antennal segments
gray; ocellar pigment bright red.

Male.—Smaller than female (length about 1.1 mm.) and slenderer, but
similarly colored.

Mojave Desert, California. Exceedingly abundant at the bases of the
leaves of Tree-yucca.

Genus Psilothrips, nov.

Of undoubted affinities with Sericothrips and Scirtothrips, resembling
both in the finely (but not very distinctly) transversely striate pronotum
and the presence of fine pubescence on the sides of the abdominal tergites
(this pubescence very brief and consisting of little more than transverse
rows of asperities). Fore wings broad, little narrowed beyond basal por-
tion, and with the two complete longitudinal veins dividing the wing into
thirds, the anterior vein much less closely setose than posterior vein; no
fringe of hairs on anterior margin, but with the usual sete. Maxillary
palpi two-segmented.

Genotype: Psilothrips pardalotus, sp. nov.

Psilothrips pardalotus, sp. nov.

Female (macropterous).—Length about 0.9 mm. Color white, or
slightly yellowish; abdominal segments 1-8 each with a transverse dark
gray band at base occupying slightly more than the median third; metano-
tum with two large, and several small, obscure blotches; antenne shading
to light gray in last three segments, all of 1, middle of 2, basal two-thirds of
3, and basal half of 4, nearly white; fore wings with an indistinct gray spot
at fork of veins and another similar spot midway to base; ocellar pig-
ment grayish yellow.

Male (macropterous).—Smaller, slenderer, and paler than female; no
abdominal markings.

California, Arizona, Texas. One of the characteristic desert species,
feeding on a variety of plants, none of which has as yet been determined.

Famity PHLHOTHRIPIDA.
Genus Priesneriella, nov.

Allied to Trichothrips and Lissothrips, but with siz-segmented antenne,
the terminal segment large, pedicellate, and formed by the complete
union of segments 6-8; 3 much shorter and narrower than 2. Head
short, about as long as broad. Mouth cone semicircularly rounded

Hood—New Western Thysanoptera. 199

apically. Fore tarsi unarmed in the female, armed in the male. Tube
short, about one half as long as head, stout.

Genotype: Priesneriella citricauda, sp. nov.

Entirely unlike any other North American genus in that the antennze
are six-segmented. It suggests Allothrips, Bryothrips, and Williamsiella,
and is no doubt related to them as well as to Trichothrips and Lissothrips.

It is named after Dr. Hermann Priesner, of Linz, Austria, who has done
more than any other worker to put the taxonomy of the European Thy-
sanoptera upon a sound footing.

Priesneriella citricauda, sp. nov.

Female (apterous).—Length about 1.3 mm. Color uniform dark black-
ish brown (black to the naked eye), with second antennal segment slightly
paler and the tube yellow, shaded with blackish at base and apex. Head
very slightly longer than wide, cheeks slightly arched, eyes small, ocelli
wanting, postocular bristles moderate in length, pointed. Tube only
slightly more than one-half as long as head and about 1.2 times as long as
greatest subbasal width.

Male (apterous).—Smaller than female, similarly colored, fore legs often
somewhat enlarged, tarsus strongly armed.

Antennal segments: i 2 3 4 5 6
Length («) < ayy 44 27 31 38 81
Width (x) 32 28 24 30 29 28

Palo Alto, California. On dead willow branches.
The size and coloration are strongly suggestive of Trichothrips flavi-
cauda, but the antenne are distinctive.

Cryptothrips sordidatus, sp. nov.

Female.—Length about 2.6 mm. Almost exactly like C. rectangularis,}
but with the entire antenna nearly coal-black, excepting only the yellowish
basal portion of pedicel of segment 3; with the subhypodermal pigmenta-
tion transparent bright red; and with the postocellar bristles long, nearly
half the length of postoculars.

Male.—Smaller than female, and with the fore legs enlarged and the
tarsus strongly toothed.

California (Longvale and Palo Alto). On manzanita and willow.

Hoplandrothrips angustatus, sp. nov.

Female (macropterous).—Length about 2 mm. Like H. microps? in
nearly all respects, differing only in the following: Head 1.4 times as long
as wide; posterior ocelli decidedly closer together than their distance from
anterior ocellus, the latter situated on the declivitous vertex and not
overhanging in macropterous individuals; antennz with all of segment 3,

1See Hood, Can. Ent., 40 (9): 307. Figs. 18 and 19. 1908.
2See Hood, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 14 (3): 150. Pl. VII, figs. 7 and 8. 1912.

—————————
a

200 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

most of 4, nearly one-half of 5, and pedicel of 6, yellow; subhypodermal
pigmentation scarlet, rather than crimson, and disposed in broken blotches
which are not at all dense nor subopaque.

Male (brachypterous).—Paler in color than female, the legs being nearly
yellow; head longer and slenderer; postocular bristles very long, bent at
middle and curving forward. Fore legs enlarged as usual, tarsal tooth
large, femora and tibiz armed as usual, but the fore tibia with a distinct
triangular tooth at tip within.

' Nogales, Arizona. On dead branches of mesquite.

This species and microps are the only members of the genus in which
the third antennal segment has on the outer surface one sense cone only
and the fourth one only on the inner surface.

Bagnalliella huachuce, sp. nov.

Female, forma macroptera.—Length about 1.9 mm. Color dark black-
ish brown (nearly black to the naked eye), with red subhypodermal pigmenta-
tion; antenne yellow, with first two segments concolorous with head and
last two segments darkened; tarsi and tips of tibie yellowish, the fore
pair brighter; fore wings with scale and extreme base brownish. Second
antennal segment 1.4 times as long as greatest width; proepimeral bristle
much shorter than width of antenna; tube 1.4 times as long as greatest sub-
basal width.

Female, forma brachyptera.—Apparently identical with the long-winged
form, save only for the absence of wings.

Male (brachypterous).—Slightly smaller than female; tarsal tooth
stronger and fore legs somewhat enlarged.

Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. On Yucca sp.

From the other dark-colored species of the genus, excepting yucce only,
this differs in that the head is not particularly large nor broadened an-
teriorly, the greatest width being at about the middle and the cheeks
curving evenly and similarly to the eyes and to the base of the head.
From yucce, an eastern species, it differs in the characters which have been
emphasized in the above description.

Bagnalliella mojave, sp. nov.

Female, forma macroptera.—Length about 1.9 mm. Color brown, with
purplish subhypodermal pigmentation disposed in prominent dense
blotches; antennze yellow, with first two segments concolorous with head
and last two segments darkened; tarsi and tips of tibie yellowish, the
fore pair brighter; fore wings with scale and extreme base brownish. Head
large, broadened anteriorly, its greatest width decidedly in front of middle,
the cheeks curving abruptly to eyes and much more gradually to base of
head. Antennal segments 5-7 not elongated (respectively 1.4, 1.6, and
2.1 times as long as greatest width); 7 broadest subbasally, abruptly and
prominently pedicellate, its sides strongly arched; 8 rounded apically,
hardly conical, sides curved; sense cone on inner surface of segment 3 of
antenna minute. Proepimeral bristle shorter than width of antenna.

Hood—New Western Thysanoptera. 201

Female, forma brachyptera.—Apparently nearly identical with the long-
winged form, save only for the absence of wings.

Male (brachypterous).—Slightly smaller than female; tarsal tooth
stronger and fore legs somewhat enlarged.

Mojave Desert, California. On Yucca sp.

The enlarged head, the reduction of the sense cone on the inner surface
of the third antennal segment, and the form of the antennal segments serve
for its ready recognition.

Bagnalliella desertz, sp. nov.

Female, forma macroptera.—Length about 1.8 mm. Color brown, with
red subhypodermal pigmentation which is not disposed in prominent,
dense blotches; antenne yellow, with first two segments concolorous with
head and last two segments darkened; tarsi and tips of tibiew yellowish,
the fore pair brighter; fore wings with scale and extreme base brownish.
Head large, broadened anteriorly, its greatest width decidedly in front of
middle, the cheeks curving abruptly to eyes and much more gradually to
base of head. Antennal segments 5-7 elongated (respectively 1.8, 1.9, and
2.35, times as long as greatest width); 7 broadest at apex, not pedicellate,
its sides nearly straight; 8 acute, sharply conical, sides straight; sense cone
on inner surface of segment 3 of antenna minute. Proepimeral bristle
shorter than width of antenna.

Female, forma brachyptera.—Apparently nearly identical with the long-
winged form, save only for the absence of wings.

Male (brachypterous).—Slightly smaller than female; tarsal tooth
stronger and fore legs somewhat enlarged.

Victorville, California. On Yucca sp.

Closest to mojave, but differing markedly in the form of the antennal
segments. :

Bagnalliella arizone, sp. nov.”

Female, forma macroptera.—Length about 1.8 mm. Color yellow, with
head (excepting narrowly at base) and distal half or two-thirds of tube
rather abruptly dark blackish brown, nearly black; legs and antenne
yellow, the latter with segments 1 and 2 largely shaded with blackish brown,
8 gray; wings colorless; subhypodermal pigmentation very pale yellow.
Head large, 1.1 times as long as wide. Eyes 0.3 as long as head. Tube
only 0.4 as long as head and about 1.33 times as long as basal width.

Female, forma brachyptera.—Apparently identical with the long-winged
form, save only for the absence of wings.

Male (bracypterous).—Smaller than female, and with the head and
tube generally paler; tarsal tooth stronger and fore legs usually somewhat
enlarged.

Arizona, New Mexico and Texas. Abundant on Yucca sp.

Related to B. glauce, but differing conspicuously in the coloration, larger
eye, and shorter tube.

———

SN (

202 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Leptothrips heliomanes, sp. nov.

Female (macropterous).—Length about 1.9 mm. Strictly congeneric
with L. mali (Fitch), but the fore wings without accessory hairs on pos-
terior margin and the antennal segments differently proportioned, seg-
ments 5-8 being relatively much shorter, as shown by the following meas-
urements:

Antennal segments: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Length () By 7 NO GR A BD) BS
Width (x) 305/930) 23 oat SON 26n 2a ome

Male (macropterous).—Smaller and slenderer than female and with
slenderer antennz.

Palm Canyon (near Palm Springs), California. On an undetermined
plant.

Genus Goniothrips, nov.

Head longer than wide, vertex not at all produced. Antennae eight-
segmented, the third segment acutely produced at outer apical angle, the
seventh and eighth rather closely united. Mouth cone short, about at-
taining middle of prosternum, broadly rounded at tip. Pronotum rather
long (in the genotype about 0.7 as long as the head); fore tarsus with a
tooth arising from the inner distal angle of the first segment.1 Wings
strongly narrowed at middle. Terminal hairs on tube shorter than tube.

Genotype: Goniothrips denticornis, sp. nov.

The production of the third antennal segment into an acute structure
remarkably like that found in most of the species of Chirothrips and Limo-
thrips makes necessary the segregation of the only known species from those
of the otherwise closely allied genus Karnyothrips.

Goniothrips denticornis, sp. nov.

Female (macropterous).—Length about 1.8 mm. Color dark blackish
brown (black to the naked eye), with fore tarsi, apical two-thirds of fore
tibiz, most of antennal segment 2 and all of 3-6, yellow; fore wings lightly
clouded at base.

Pecos, Texas. Shaken from grass. One female.

Adraneothrips huachuce, sp. nov.

Female (macropterous).—Length about 1.7 mm. General color dark
blackish brown (nearly black to the naked eye), with maroon subhypo-
dermal pigmentation; tarsi, apical half of fore tibiz, and extreme tips of
mid and hind tibiz, pale yellow, remainder of legs dark blackish brown,

1Almost as in Karnyothrips (for illustration see Hood, Pan-Pacific Ent., 3 (4): 178.
Fig. 1, b. 1927).

Hood—New Western Thysanoptera. 203

with the basal portion of fore tibie paler; segment 3 of antenna yellow,
4—6 with basal half or more yellow, remainder of antenna blackish brown,
the first two and last two segments darkest. Structurally almost ex-
actly like A. tibialis,! but with the cheeks converging very abruptly to
eyes and segment 3 of antenna about 2.25, instead of 1.9, times as long as
wide.

Male (macropterous).—Length about 1.4 mm. Slenderer than female.
Fore tarsus with a strong, straight tooth.

Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. On dead oak leaves.

Readily known from A. tibialis, with which it agrees in having the eyes
acutely prolonged on the ventral surface of the head beyond their posterior
dorsal margin and in that the anterior marginal bristles of the prothorax
are long and knobbed, by the tibial coloration and the longer third antennal
segment.

Liothrips xanthocerus, sp. nov.

Female (macropterous).—Length about 2mm. Color very dark blackish
_ brown, nearly black, with dull orange subhypodermal pigmentation; fore
tarsi and distal half of fore tibie yellowish brown; antenne with seg-
ments 3-6 and basal half of 7 clear yellow; fore wings dark gray, paler
along margins and at apex; all bristles on head, thorax, and abdomen
stout, black, pointed.

Male (macropterous).—Length about 1.7 mm. Like female, but
slenderer.

Blythe, California, and Gillespie Dam, Arizona. Among the terminal
leaves of a plant which is as yet undetermined.

The coloration of the antenne and wings is ample for its recognition.

Rhynchothrips rostratus, sp. nov.

Female (macropterous).—Length about 1.4 mm. Separable from all
North American species of the genus excepting tridentatus (Shull)? by the
unarmed fore tarsi, the long head (about 1.26 times as long as wide), the
relatively short pronotum (its median length less than that of head), and
the non-globose intermediate antennal segments. From tridentatus it
differs as follows: Fore wings brown throughout instead of clear; distance
from posterior dorsal margin of head to frontal costa about 0.65, instead of
0.8, the distance to tip of mouth cone; major setz on head, thorax, and
abdomen pale in color and knobbed at tip, instead of dark and blunt;
metanotum indistinctly subreticulate, instead of closely and distinctly

longitudinally striate; apices of femora not or only slightly paler than
remainder of legs.

Male (macropterous).—Apparently differing from female only in being
slightly smaller and possibly more slender.

Arizona. On Quercus sp.

1Ins. Insc. Menstr., 2 (3): 39. Fig. 1. 1914.
2See Hood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 27: 159. Pl. IV, figs. 4 and 5. 1914.

———

204 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Megalothrips picticornis, sp. nov.

Female (macropterous).—Length about 4.8 mm. Very much like M.
spinosus,! the only other North American species of the genus, but with
segments 3 and 4 of antenna yellow in basal three-fourths and two-fifths,
respectively; tube about 0.76 as long as head, instead of about 0.9; all
bristles pale, shorter and much less conspicuous, those arising from the
proepimera nearly straight and shorter than the median length of prono-
tum. ‘
Male (macropterous).—Smaller and slenderer than female; segment 6
of abdomen with the usual horn-like processes.

California (Blue Lake) and Utah (Salt Lake City). The specimens
from Blue Lake were taken on a dead willow branch; the single Salt Lake
specimen was taken May 28, 1879, at an elevation of 4340 feet.

Famity UROTHRIPIDA.
Stephanothrips bradleyi, sp. nov.

Female (apterous).—Length about 1.3 mm. Color dark blackish brown
(nearly black to the naked eye), head darkest; subhypodermal pigmenta-
tion of two kinds, one maroon red and quite generally distributed at the
sides of head, thorax, and abdomen, the other snow-white by reflected
light and narrowly edging the posterior margin of prothorax, metathorax,
and abdominal segments 2—7; antenne with segment 2 pale yellow, 3 yel-
low at base and brownish yellow at apex, 4 and 5 dark brown; tarsi, apices
of mid and hind tibie, and bases of all femora paler and more yellowish
than remainder of legs; tube brownish yellow, shaded with blackish brown
at base and apex. Vertex of head with two pairs of long bristles arising
from prominent tubercles. Antennal segments: 2, 44 long, 30 » wide;
3, 84 » long, 32 u wide; 4, 34 u long, 21 u wide; 5, 41 « long, 16 u wide.
Ninth abdominal segment about 2.4 times as long as eighth. Tube about
1.14 times as long as head, about 1.6 times as long as ninth abdominal seg-
ment, and somewhat more than seven times as long as greatest subapical
width.

Male (apterous).—Length about 0.88 mm. Usually paler than female,
but essentially like female in structure.

Palo Alto, California. On dead willow branches.

The presence of two, instead of three, pairs of vertical bristles allies this
species with the African buffai rather than with the Neotropical occidentalis.
It differs markedly from buffai, however, in having the antenne much
stouter, the body dark blackish brown instead of grayish yellow, and in the
presence of white markings. I have named it after Dr. J. Chester Bradley
the hymenopterist.

1See Hood, Can. Ent., 40 (9): 306. Figs. 16 and 17. 1908.

Vol. 40, pp. 205-206 December 2, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

im
A NEW WOOD RAT FROM ARIZONA. SONay

BY E. A. GOLDMAN.

Grinnell and Swarth (Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., X, p. 336, 1913)
direct attention to the apparent intergradation of wood rats
described as Neotoma intermedia and Neotoma desertorum, respec-
tively, within a narrow strip along the eastern base of the San
Jacinto Mountains, California. As stated by them this is not
in accord with the findings of the writer who, in revising the
genus (North Amer. Fauna, No. 31, pp. 14-15, 1910), regarded
these forms as members of different groups. When the genus
was revised, however, very scanty material was available from
the region in question. On the basis of the new accessions I
concur with Grinnell and Swarth in their conclusion that, owing
to intergradation, N. desertorum should be reduced to sub-
specific rank under N. intermedia, in accordance with the rule
of priority.

The range of N. intermedia and subspecies therefore includes
a vast area west of the Colorado River. East of the river,
however, it is known to have become established only within
a limited territory, specimens from which are found to repre-
sent a rather well-marked new geographic race described as
follows:

Neotoma intermedia devia, subsp. nov.
PAINTED DESERT WOOD RAT.

Type.—From Tanner Tank (altitude 5,200 feet), Painted Desert, Ari-
zona. No. 226,376, @ adult, U. S. National Museum (Biological Survey
collection), collected by E. A. Goldman, July 27, 1917. Original number,
23,152.

General characters.—Closely allied to Neotoma intermedia desertorum,
but general color grayer, less buffy, and skull differing in detail. Pelage
soft as in desertorum.

Color.—Type: Upper parts in general, including top of head and dorsum,

41—Proc. Bion. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 40, 1927. (205)

ef vy)
—— Muse |

206 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

pale grayish buff heavily lined with black, the buffy element becoming
richer and inclined to pinkish buff on lower part of cheeks and along sides;
under parts overlaid with pale pinkish buff continuous with tone of lower
part of sides, except on very small pectoral and inguinal areas, where the
hairs are pure white to roots; feet white; tail above blackish, finely and in-
conspicuously lined with light hairs to near tip which is nearly pure black,
below light buffy, becoming brownish toward tip. Topotypes vary in
buffy color tone; some individuals are darker than the type but two more
nearly approach JN. 7. desertorum.

Skull——Similar to that of N. 7. desertorum, but averaging more massive;
interparietal decidedly larger, more extended antero-posteriorly; incisive
foramina about equal in length to palatal bridge (usually decidedly longer
than palatal bridge in desertorum); nasals usually broader posteriorly.

Measuremenis.—Type: Total length, 298; tail vertebrae, 135; hind foot,
31.5. Average and extremes of 4 adult topotypes: 287 (280-292); 131
(127-134); 31 (80-32). Skull (type): Greatest length, 39.3; zygomatic
breadth, 20.2; interorbital breadth, 4.8; length of nasals, 14.5; length of
incisive foramina, 7.7; length of palatal bridge, 7.7; maxillary tooth row,
8.2.

Remarks.—This geographic race presents another interesting example of
the general effectiveness of the Colorado River as a barrier limiting the
distribution of certain small rodents. Specimens of the forms of N..
intermedia inhabiting the north and south sides of Grand Canyon are
strikingly different in color and cranial details, although obviously very
closely related. ‘Two examples from Parker are of the usual grayish color-
ation characterizing NV. 7. devia, but the skulls are rather small and delicate
with small interparietal and suggest an approach to desertorum.

In the revision of the genus by the author (I. c. p. 80) the ranges of N.
desertorum and N. lepida were stated to be completely separated by the
Colorado River. The subsequent collection within the range of N. lepida
of the specimens upon which the form here described is based proves the
statement to have been an error. JN. intermedia devia and N. lepida
stephensi are now known to occur in close proximity along the southern
wall of Grand Canyon.

Specimens examined.—Total number, 40, from localities as follows:

Arizona: Cedar Ranch Wash (Painted Desert), 1; Colorado River
(mouth of Diamond Creek), 1; Grand Canyon (Indian Gardens), 3; Grand
Canyon (Bass Camp), 11; Kingman, 2; Parker, 2; Tanner Tank (type
locality), 20.

Vol. 40, pp. 207-210 December 2, 1927
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

A NEW RACE OF MYRMECIZA SCHISTACEA FROM
CENTRAL PERU.

BY JOHN T. ZIMMER.

In 1858, Sclater (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1858, p. 252)
described as Hypocnemis schistacea a bird secured by Bates on
the ‘“‘Rio Javari, Upper Amazon,” though whether from the
present Peruvian or Brazilian side of the Javari is not known.
Later other forms were found which eventually were recognized
as subspecies of schistacea. The males of all the races of this
species are comparatively uniform, while the females present
the more noticeable differences. Specimens from Peru are not
numerous in collections and females from central Peru and from
the type locality of schzstacea were entirely unknown until
recently. In 1922, as ornithologist of the Captain Marshall
Field Peruvian Expedition of Field Museum of Natural History,
Chicago, I secured a female and three males of the species in
Peru, in the subtropical forest at the junction of the Chinchao
and Huallaga rivers. These were referred to schistacea schistacea
and it was believed that the hitherto unknown characters of the
female had been brought to light.

More recently the Carnegie Museum of Pittsburgh secured
specimens of both sexes from Sa6 Paulo de Olivenca, Rio
Solimoés, a locality quite near to the Rio Javari, which proved
to be quite distinct from the birds I secured in central Peru.
The relative geographic positions of the various localities are
such that there is no doubt that the Saé Paulo de Olivenca
birds belong to true schistacea, while the Peruvian examples
represent an undescribed form. Dr. Todd of the Carnegie Mu-
seum recently sent specimens of the Saé Paulo form to Dr.
Hellmayr for examination, and I was enabled to compare them

42—Proc. Bion. Soc. Wasg., Vou. 40, 1927. (207)

208 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

with my material in the collection of Field Museum. Since
I am at present working on my Peruvian collections, Dr. Todd
and Dr. Hellmayr have kindly resigned to me the description
of the new form. It may be known as:

Myrmeciza schistacea intensa, subsp. nov.!

Hypocnemis schistacea Berl. and Stolz. (nee Sclater), Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, 1896, p. 384 (La Merced).

Sclateria schistacea schistacea Hellmayr (nec Sclater), Novit. Zool., 13, p.
344, 1906—partim, nos. 2, 3 and 4 (La Gloria, Borgofia and Pozuzo);
idem, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., 13, pt. 3, pp. 254-255, 1924—-partim
(Pozuzo, Vista Alegre, Huachipa and Tulumayo).

Type from Huachipa, Peru. No. 60157 Field Museum of Natural History.
Adult female collected September 22, 1922, by J. T. Zimmer; original
number 2898.

Diagnosis.—Similar to M. s. subplumbea from Colombia, eastern Ecua-
dor and northeastern Peru (Iquitos, north bank of Marafion R.), but
darker and deeper in coloration. Female darker brown on the back and
more blackish gray on the crown; below about as in subplumbea. Male
blacker above and on the sides of the face and darker gray below, with the
throat not distinctly paler than the breast. Size about the same as sub-
plumbea.

From M. s. schistacea of the Rio Javari and the south bank of the Rio
Solimoés, northwestern Brazil, the female is instantly separable by hay-
ing the crown slaty instead of russet; the back is darker rufous; below the
rufous is deeper and more intense; there appear to be fewer pale spots on
the upper wing-coverts, and the radial margin of the wing is uniform, with-
out a whitish stripe as in schistacea. The males are very like those of
schistacea but are less bluish gray and more sooty; the white spots on the
upper wing-coverts are smaller and are all but obsolete on the tips of the
tertials (but noticeable in immature specimens); the axillaries are uniform
gray and there is no white stripe along the radial margin of the wing.
Both sexes are slightly larger than schistacea.

Habitat.—Subtropical forests of central Peru.

Description of type.2—Back Vandyke Brown or dark Auburn, slightly
lighter on the rump with distinctly lighter, Hazel, tips to some of the
feathers. Crown and nape Dark Neutral Gray to Dusky Neutral Gray,
becoming slightly tinged with olivaceous at the juncture with the back.
Sides of head, lores and ear-coverts paler, Deep Neutral Gray. Chin
pale grayish; throat bright Tawny, passing into Sanford’s Brown or Argus
Brown on the center of the breast, deepening into rich Auburn on the sides
of the breast and flanks and passing into near Sanford’s Brown in the

1As suggested by Dr. Hellmayr (Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., 13, pt. 3, p. 254,
footn. d, 1924) and Dr. Chapman (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, p. 406, 1926), I have
placed the species in the genus Myrmeciza rather than Sclateria.

2Names of colors when capitalized are from Ridgway’s ‘‘Color Standards and Color
Nomenclature.”

Zimmer—A New Race of Myrmeciza Schistacea. 209

center of the belly. Under tail-coverts Auburn. Upper wing-coverts
and remiges Bone Brown; the remiges edged with the color of the back;
lesser and middle coverts and some of the greater series with a terminal,
triangular spot of Tawny; primary-coverts and those of the greater coverts
nearest the edge of the wing, without spots. Under wing-coverts grayish
with faint Tawny tips; axillaries like the lower breast. Rectrices Dusky
Neutral Gray with brownish edges. Maxilla and feet brownish black;
mandible pale except at tip. Iris blue. Wing 65 mm.:; tail 53; culmen
(exposed) 19, (from base) 24.5.

Male above uniform Dusky Neutral Gray or Dark Neutral Gray,
slightly paler on the forehead and sides of face. Throat and breast paler,
Deep Neutral Gray; belly slightly duller, inclining toward Chaetura Black.
Remiges blackish brown, lightly edged with the color of the back. Upper
wing-coverts, except primary-coverts, with small, terminal, triangular
spots of white; tertials the color of the back. Axillaries and under wing-
coverts like the breast. Rectrices Dusky Neutral Gray with a faint, tiny
speck of white at the tips of the outermost ones. Bill and feet black,
the mandible slightly paler at the base in one example. Iris dark brown.
Wing 65-67 mm.; tail 52-54; culmen (exposed) 21.5, (from base) 26-28.

A young male in moult is colored below as in the adult except for the
admixture of dark rufous feathers on the abdomen becoming more pro-
nounced posteriorly, while the under tail-coverts are Auburn as in the
female. Above about like the adult male but slightly paler. Wings like
those of the female with a few lesser upper wing-coverts and tertials gray-
ish, the latter with distinct whitish spots on their tips like the coverts.
Bill like that of the female. Tail like that of either sex.

Two specimens, male and female, from Tulumayo are in the American
Museum of Natural History, New York. According to Dr. Hellmayr, who
has examined them, they agree with my birds from Huachipa and Vista
Alegre. Dr. Hellmayr has also examined a male and female from Pozuzo;
the female had the crown dark gray and the entire under mandible whitish
in agreement with the present form. There is no doubt that the Chancha-
mayo Valley form is intensa.

Berlepsch (Ornis 13, p. 118, 1906) comments on a female of ‘‘schistacea”’
from Huaynapata which had the head brownish olive instead of dark gray
in comparison with leucostigma from Guiana. Dr. Hellmayr (Novit. Zool.,
13, pp. 344 and 345, 1906) describes two females from Marcapata which
have the head and back dark olive brown and the lower mandible horn
brown, not whitish. Dr. Hellmayr also (Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ.,
13, p. 254, footn. a, 1924) describes a female from Chaquimayo comparable
with the Marcapata bird. No males of the species have been recorded
from this region so the exact affinities are open to question. The female
would seem to be darker than humaytha and paler than intensa and sub-
plumbea, with the head not darker than the back although brownish and
not gray, showing affinities to schistacea. It is certainly not referable to
any known variety of schistacea since the characters, recorded by inde-
pendent observers, are quite distinct. In the absence of specimens, es-
pecially of the male sex, it would be unwise to name it at this time.

210 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Specimens examined:

M. s. schistacea—Brazil: 8. Paulo de Olivenga, 2 #1 2 9.1

M. s. subplumbea—Colombia: La Murelia, 1 1 9. Ecuador: Rio
Suno, 43 92

M. s. intensa—Peru: Vista Alegre, 1 #7; iranian! 21 Q (Type).

M. leucostigma—British Guiana: Cepncann River, 1 &. Brazil: Con-
geigao, Rio Branco, 1 9 ?*

1Specimens in Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh.
2Specimens in American Museum of Natural History, New York.
3Specimens in Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago.

INDEX

New names are printed in heavy type.

A Cc
Abramis crysoleucas.........2-2------------ 68 Calamagrostis guatemalensis.......... 82
Adraneothrips huachucae...............- 202 Calamaria egregia._...... 127
Agelaius quisqueyensis............-......- 147 yelectali ess cee Leen 128
Aimophila pectoralis._........._........ 6 Callophis hughi__....__.__. ig 190
Aldrich, J. M. Notice of the is Campostoma anomalum....._.._._.. 66
Death of Dr. Mario Bezzi.... viii Carlson, J. Gordon. (See Fowler
Thomas Say, Naturalist... Vill and Carlson.)
Collecting Flies in the Castor baileyi... 125
RVC Gare remit wine prune MUIR aN x Catostomus commersonnii__...________. 70
Query regarding certain Nigricans..... 70
Locality Names near Wash- Cercomacra atratus.............-..... 162
Gh aYeng (0) 0 be eee A a ta a x WICH A ee seo a SOLU Ry 161
Amaral, A. do. Snakes, Venoms Chalcostetha proxima...........__...._. 141
and Antivenins ....................---- ix Chameza fulvipectus.__.........._._. 174
Ambloplites rupestris..........-..----.---- 71 Chapin, Edward A. Onsome Asi-
Ameiurus nebulosus....................------ 66 atic Cleridae (Col.).....2..-... 19-22
Amphipsylla hadweni sats 89 A New Genus and Species
Arpediothrips.__._...........--..------..------- 197 of Staphylinidae from Sze-
Mojave... 198 chuan, (Ching) 2s eae 75-78
Arthrostylidium maxonii................ 80 Notes on North American
Arundinaria standleyi...... 79 Tillinae with Description of
viscosa.......... 79 a New Cymatodera (Col.:
Ascaphidae............... a 123 Cleridae)) ea ene 143-146
Axonopus blakei..............-.-.-..-------- 85 Chrosomus erythrogaster................ 67
Chusquea heydei..........---.--..-. 80
B subtessellata..... 81
Cochran, Doris M. A New Genus
Bagnalliella arizonae 201 of Anguid Lizards from Haiti.. 91-92
desertz 201 — New Reptiles and Batra-
huachucae ul 200 chians collected by Dr. Hugh
mojave..200 200 M. Smith in Siam_. 179-192
Bailey, V. Evidence that the Coelostomidiinae._..._........ 102
Opossum does not Hibernate.. vii Coelostomidiini___.........-.. 102
Mouse Plagues and how ... Collocalia maratua.. 141
they happen...............-..---.-------- vill perplexa........ 140
Brief Notes on Birds. a ix Conanthus xylopodus... i 121
Balenoptera borealis............... 111 Conopophaga australis_...............__. 150
Balanosphyra lineata...................... 1 Cooke, May T. Brief Notes on
Ball, H. Birds observed on the HS arc ies erealie Neb US cal We ix
Field Trip of the American Corythopis subtorquata... ie 151
Ornithologists’ Union__............ xi Cottus bairdi...... 73
Barbour, Thomas. Two New Cryptokermes mexicanus.... ve 103
Bornean Snakes.............-...--..... 127-128 Cryptothrips sordidatus............_... 199
Bartsch, P. Note on Mimicry in Cymatodera longula._........--..... 144
a, Mockingbird... vili mitchelli_._........ 144
Bell, W. B. Some Biological re-
lationships and their Signifi-
CAT CG ene Rey LITE Na Lia ix D
Brief Notes on Birds........ ix
Blake, S. F. Frederick Pursh, an Danforth, Stuart T., and John T.
early American Botanist.......... 1x Emlen, Jr. A New Agelaius
Roosting of Purple Grack- frompelaltiees is see eee 147-148
les in the Trinity College Dayton, William A. A few Notes
Ground sees nee ix on Plant Names... 117-118
A Newspaper Account of — New Names for some
the Recovery of a Banded Western Montane Plants........ 119-122
Japanese Swallow in the Phil- Dendroica albicollis..........-..._.....-.. 34
ippine Islands........................--- xi alsiosa....... 38
A New Hymenothrix from aureola......._-.. be 40
IATIZOM aise eee ee DEE Ie 49-50 bartholemica..................... 36
Two New Species of Se- CLUCIan gases nae sony 35
curidaca from South America.. 51-54 OO A eS ASAE aay 32
Boleosoma nigrum................-------.-.-- 72 fla VICEPS........0------ee eee 35
olmstedi1 ea aes 72 Alavid sess ANT 39
Brady, M. K. Brief Notes on gundlachi.... 34
BY OFS Sd OUI NA DR 1x Obscura lee eae 39

43—Proc. Biou. Soc. WasH., Vou. 40, 1927. ; (211)

212 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

rufivertex...
rufopileata.......
Desmodium batocaulon... bs
Diaphnidia heidemanni..................
Dickey, Donald R., and A. J. Van
Rossem. Seven New Birds
from Salvador.....—..---.---------------
The Spotted Rock Wrens
of Central America...........-..----
Dichrooscytus tinctipennis..
Digitaria curtigluma____........
hirtigluma___.
velutina.....
Dinopium raveni........-...-.----------------
Doolittle, A. A. Exhibition of
Hermetically Sealed Jars con-
taining growing Plants............
Dorsett, P. H. Plant Hunting
with the Camera in North
China, Ceylon, and Java...
Drake, C. J., and Halbert M.
Harris. Notes on the Genus
Rhagovelia, with Descrip-
tions of Six New Species........
Drosichiella.................-..---.. Ls.
tectonae..
Drosichini............-...- ae
Drosichoides..................---.----------------
Dunn, E. R. A Recent Misuse
of Family Names.........-...---------
Dyssodia eee

Emlen, John T., Jr.
forth and Emlen.)
Entosphenus aepypterus..........-.------
Erigeron acris.........------------
Etheostoma blennoides.

(See Dan-

HKucalia inconstans._......
A New Flea from

Fowler, Henry W., and J. Gordon
Carlson. Fishes from Mc-
kean, Potter and Cameron
Counties, Pennsylvania............

Francis, E. Tularaemia in Rab-
bits and other Animals as re-
lated to Human Health...____...

Frankliniella fuscicauda..............----

G
Gnathopaederus................-...------------
crechuenus EE Se
Goldman, E. A. Conditions af-

fecting Migratory Waterfowl
In Mexiconce ee ee
A New Kangaroo Mouse
from California. ——.--.-.-.-2.--
_A New Wood Rat from

Goniothrips.............--..

denticornis..
Grallaria distincta__..........
Grallaricula occidentalis... ae
Gymnopithys lateralis._..................
Gymnopogon aristiglumis.............-

205-206

131-138
105
105
105
106

123-124
118

65-74

xi
197

115-116

Habia salvadorensis........................
wetmorei... a
Hadropterus aspro............----------------
Hall, Raymond. A New
Weasel from Louisiana............
Haplocichla swalesi.........................-
Harris, Halbert M. (See Drake
and Harris.)
Hemaspidoproctus.....................--..---
Herpsilochmus stictocephalus.......
Hitchcock, A. S. Report of the
Action of the International
Congress of Plant Sciences at
Ithaca in 1927 in regard to
Nomenclature.............----2----------
A Recent Botanical Trip
toi@ubac Ue eee
Notice of a Discussion in
the Journal of Economic Bi-
ology on the Place of the
Systematist in Biology............
A Case of Synonymy in
Grasses ase Ee
The Typification of Lin-
nean Plant Genera...................-
New Species of Grasses
from Central America.............
Hoffman, I. Brief Notes on Birds
Holzworth, J. M. Motion Pic-
tures of Mountain Sheep,
Mountain Goats, Caribou,
and other Big Game from
Alaska and Idaho....................
Hood, J. Douglas. New Western
Thysanoptera........--.------.----+----
Hookera lemmonae....................--.---
Hoplandrothrips angustatus..._......
Hottes, F.C. A Note Concerning
the Date of Publication of
Two Aphid Genera..................
Howard, L.O. An Anecdote Con-
cerning a Famous Pathologist
and an equally Famous Par-
asitologist.. See eee
Howard, L. O., and C. W. Stiles.
Reports on the International
Congress of Zoology at Buda-
DES tie oe OAL as
Howell, A. Brazier. Two New
Chinese Rats.................--.--------
Howell, A.H. Some Recent Bird
Notes from Florida.__._............
Hybopsis kentuckiensis....
Hylophylax gutturalis...
obscura...........

Teen

Johnson, P. B. Note on a Bird
picking Insects from the Hair
of a Yak at the Zoo............

Killipp, Elsworth P. New Names
for tropical American Plants..

193-194
55

159

197-204
119

199
47-48

29-30

Knight, Harry H. Descriptions
of Twelve New Species of Mi-
ridae from the District of
Columbia and Vicinity (Hem-
ipteray) ee Ne

Lasiacis scabrior..................-----.------

Leiolopisma eunice..
kohtaoensis.
Leperiza microcrater.....
miniata........

Leptothrips heliomanes... MY
Leuciscus elongatus..................-...----

Margaritus..........-...-------.----
Dee Bk M. Brief Notes on

Feces of a Banded Arc-
tic Tern in France....................
Liopelmidae...................
Liothrips xanthocerus...
Llaveia oaxacoensis...
Llaveiella..................
Liaveiini...
Lotus nummulus.

Manisurus ramosa.....................-.----
Mann, W. M._ The Smithsonian-

Chrysler Expedition to Tan-

ganyika eee Te E ee
Marchalinini......___._......... ve
Margarodes meridionalis.
Margarodidae............._.__... i
Margarodinae................-2----22----------
Marsh, C.D. Coyotillo, a pecu-

liarly dangerous Stock-poison-

Mee inene picticorni:
Meibomia batocaulis.....
Mesosetum pittieri......
Microbates perlatus.......
Microdipodops dickeyi.
Microhyla malcolmi............
Microphylellus minuendus.
Micropterus dolomieu..........
Microtarsus proximus ....................
Miller, Gerrit S., Jr. A Pollack
Wihéle on the Coast of Vir-
EDTA eet ae eee OR CRA I
ia New Pedetes from Tan-
ganyika Territory...:................
Miner, Mrs. L Brief Notes
onvBirdalt aus
Mitrephanes quercinus. 3
Monophlebidus.................
Monophlebinae.....
Monophlebini.......
Monophleboides.... et
Monophlebulini...__...............-...-....-
Morrison, Harold. Descriptions
of New Genera and Species
belonging to the Coccid Fam-
ily Margarodidae................-..--
Moxostoma aureolum....................-
Muscadivores vicinus.....................-
Mustela arthuri..................--.-..--
Myriocarpa yzabalensis..................

Index.
MYyrmeCiza..........-.2--o.--ce-cenecneecneeceeceee
boucardi...
cassini__._... x
exsul
9-18 griseipectus.. eI
hemimelena... A
intensa... 4
lemosticta.... 4
85 longipes.... a
86 maculife
143 nigricauda. M
83 occidentalis... 3
187 pallens.......... i
188 pallia ta Me Naa ee
29 panamensis..................------
29 pelzelni ea
29 ruficauda....._....--.-----.--------
202 spodiogastris.................-----
68 Myrmedestes.................-...22---.-------
68 Clutns 22 eae
ferrugineus................-.-----
1x Myrmelastes..............2222212---e-2-eeeee-
: berlepschi................-..-------
1x eryptoleucus.._...............----
LOT LIS ee Oa
x1 Fexoe) Yo Pe RE US EE DAES
i hyperythrus... Bp
xi immaculatus... ony
123 incanescens................-.------
203 lophotess2a ae ea
107 melanoceps............------------
108 zeledoni...................--.--------
106 Myrmoborus ardesiacus.................-
119 proximus.............-...--.-.-.--.-
stictopteru:
Myrmoderus......... ms
loricatus= eae,
88 SquaMosusB............----.---------
Myrmophylax.................-2.--..-.-----.----
atrothorax................-.---.----
Vili MmayNan aes wee cae epee
102 Mel AnUuTaeee lo ewe eeu
102 stictothorax...................--.
99 . Myrmothera subcanescens............
101 Myrmotherula costaricensis............
heteroptera.__-._...-..........-..-
klagesi.....................-..---.----
1x ochrogyna..___.._.................-
101 Omissa ole Pi
204 phzonota............-.......---.-.-.
117 sordida...............-....-----------
i
1
115 Ny
182 Nelson, E. W. Description of a
10 New Subspecies of Beaver...
71 Neohellmayria...-------------aeee--o--
96 Neosteingelia 20... ..---e-ee-oeeeeen----
Neotoma, devia......._._.----------------------
eae ie
rubrifrons..............--..--------
113-114 stramineug.........-....---..-------
: Noturus flavus.................-..------------
ix
2
104 oO
103 y
103 Oberholser, H. C. Notice of the
104 Death of C. D. Walcott........
106 Brief Notes on Birds........
The Lure of the Waterfowl
Olyra standleyi................-...---.-.------
Opilo grahami ................--...--.--..----
99-110 Ortheziidae.................2..---.--2---.-----
70 Orthotomus concinnus...............-.-
95 Otus enganensis...................--..--------
193 Oxytropis besseyi.................-..-...----
29 macounii......---

125-126

214 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

Pachysylvia pallida -........---.---.-
Palmer, T.S. The Personality of
Thomas Nuttall
Intensive Bird Study in
the Suburbs of Large Cities___.
Notice of the coming
Meeting of the American
Ornithologists’ Union..............
Paracoelostoma....._.._...-........
Pedetes dentatus..
Pemphigus..............
Percina caprodes f
Percopsis omiscomaycus............./...
Peters, James L. A Revision of
the Golden Warblers, Den-
droica petechia (Linné)_.....
Philautus hansenae............-----
nongkhorensis.
Phlegopsis ustulata_______.
Phrenotriccus...___________.
Phytocoris difficilis_____
junipericola..
purvus...__.._.
Pimephales notatus.

Plagiognathus albifacies...
carneolus........____.
crocinus.....
furvus____

Platycoelostomini.....

Poa guatemalensis..........

Poecilichthys flabellaris
variatus elope

Pomotis gibbosus.
Priesneriella.._._.___..

citricauda..
Prunus crenulata...._...
Psallus elavicornis___
Pseudaspidoproctus........
Pseudoclerops sinae_..
Psilothrips.................

pardalotus...____.
Puntius proctozysron.
Pygiptila purusiana.......................--

Raddia costaricensis........_.........---
Ranunculus acris

Redington: P. G.

Informal Dis-
cussion of some Biological
(Proplems sve se ee Raa ee

Rhagovelia calopa...

choreutes...
distincta....
excellentis.

oriander.
regalis_
rivale..__...........

cataractae....-...... £
Rhynchothrips rostratus.................-
Richmond, Charles W. Two Pre-
occupied Generic Names for
Birds 2 NSCOR Ta es NOE eee
Riley, J. H. Note on the Genus
Trena Horsfield...
Description of a New Owl
from Engano Island................

Riley, J.H. Spolia Mentawiensis—
Three New Birds from the
Mentawi Islands._...............

Descriptions _ of

Forms of Birds Collected by

H. C. Raven in Northeast

Rose, J. N. Exhibition of a Pho-
tograph of a Woodpecker Nest
in a Giant Cactus........2...--...

guttatus....._
Salvelinus fontinalis._.
Sceloporus merriami..
Schistocichla__________..
caurensis._.

schistacea....
subplumbea.
Schilbeodes insignis...
Schizoneura........__...
Sclateria.__.....-.-.-_
argentata..
diaphora...

Securidaca cayennensis
leiocarpa._.._....

Sedum watsoni................
Semotilus atromaculatus................
Shamel, H. Harold. A New Bat
from Colombia .........--2..--..------
Simmons, G. F. Natural History
Notes from the Cruise of the
“Blossom’’ in the South At-

Smith, Hugh M. The Siamese
Fish Puntius proctozysron......

Sphenomorphus helenae..................

Sphenosoma hughi..............
Steatococcus samaraius...
Steingeliinae............-..... is)
Stephanothrips bradleyi... a
Sthenarus meateei SOME iy
Stigmacoccini.....-.......-----2-.
Stiles, C. W. Note on the Ques-

tion of the Parasitic Origin of

Cancer in the Intestinal Canal
Personal Experiences with
Elias Metchnikov...................
Inquiry about the Her-
metically Sealed Jars contain-
ing Growing Plants Exhibited
at the previous Meeting........
Rudolph Leukart, the
greatest Teacher I have ever

(See Howard and Stiles.)

Sturnira bogotensis..........................

Symposium on the Biological So-
ciety of Washington, Past,
Present, and Future: T. s.
Palmer, Barly, Days of the
Society; L. O. Howard, High
Lights in Our History; Hee
Lincoln, Our Present Mem-
bership; P. Bartsch, Plans
foritheyhutures ee

95-96

139-142

129-130

195-196
183

129

Swynnerton,C.F.M. The Tsetse
Fly Problem in Tanganyika..

Terenura transfluvialis............-....---
Thamnophilus atriceps...
brachyurus...._..
canipennis...
cayennensis
magdalenae...
paraensis........
saturatus..__.........--...--.-------
Thone, F. Note on the News-
paper Report of the Scopes
HA Bes) Lath eS OO CP re ace
Note on Dr. E. F. Smith’s
Collection of Photographs of
Plant Pathologists................-.--
Thrasya villosa..............--- y
Thryophilus lateralis... es
Thurberia triloba............-........--.----
Todd, W. E. Clyde. New Gnat-
eaters and Antbirds from
Tropical America, with a Re-
vision of the Genus Myrme-
ciza and its Allies...............
Trachypogon stenophyllus..............
Trichachne pittieri...._...........
Trisetum irazuense...
pringlei____.._.__....

Ulke, T. Exhibition of Plants
PTO TINUYIN OG WAV ee
Flora of Yoho Park..........

Van Rossem, A. J. Faunal Asso-

ciations of Salvador................
(See Dickey and Van
Rossem.)

Index. 215

160

Walker, E.P. The Present Status
of Wild Life in Alaska... Vili
Wetmore, Alexander. Notice of
Oligocene Bird Fossils from

Colorado ei NLA, Vili
— Occurrence of Sorex fonti-
nalis near Washington._._.._.____. x

Observation of Bronzed
Grackles at Widewater, Vir- .

feab aT eM OU NT ea x
Notes on the 45th Annual

Meeting of the American Or-

nithologists’ Union ..........._- xi
A Thrush New to Science
lbgolea) IS kha 55-56
Wetmorena........__. AN 91
. haetiana 91
Wright, A. A. (See Wright and
Wright.)
Wright, A. H., and A. A. Wright.
Notes on Sceloporus merri-
ami Stejneger............--.---------- 57-64
>: «
Xenoborus chionanthi...................... 14
nigrellus.......... ees 15
Xylococcinae......... a 100
Xylococcini...... sth 100
Xylococculus........ ee 101
Y
Yungipicus tantulus......................-. 140
Z
Zimmer, John T. A New Race of
Myrmeciza schistacea from
Centraldben 2 eas 207-210

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