PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
Biological Society of Washington
VOLUME 33
1920
WASHINGTON
PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY
If ffj
COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATIONS
CHAS. W. RICHMOND, Chairman
T. E. SNYDER F. C. LINCOLN
J. H. RILEY
Press of
Eschenbach Printing Company
Easton, Pa.
OFFICERS AND COUNCIL
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
FOR 1920
(ELECTED DECEMBER 13, 1919)
OFFICERS
President
A. D. HOPKINS
Vice-Presidents
N. HOLLISTER A. S. HITCHCOCK
V. BAILEY J. W. GIDLEY
Recording Secretary
A. A. DOOLITTLE
Corresponding Secretary
A. WETMORE1
T. E. SNYDER
Treasurer
NED DEARBORN1
F. C. LINCOLN
COUNCIL
PAUL BARTSCH*
FREDERICK V. COVILLE
WILLIAM H. DALL*
B. W. EVERMANN*
E. A. GOLDMAN
W. P. HAY*
L. O. HOWARD*
FRANK H. KNOWLTON*
H. H. T. JACKSON
DAVID
F. A. LUCAS*
* C. HART MERRIAM*
E. W. NELSON*
H. C. OBERHOLSER
T. S. PALMER*
WILLIAM PALMER
S. A. ROHWER
J. N. ROSE*
L. STEJNEGER*
WHITE*
STANDING COMMITTEES— 1920
Committee on Communications
S. A. Rohwer, Chairman
C. E. Chambliss F. Harper
R. E. Coker
Committee on Publications
Chas. W. Richmond, Chairman
Ned Dearborn A. Wetmore
J. H. Riley
* Ex-Presidents of the Society.
> Resigned May 15, 1920.
(iii)
EX-PRESIDENTS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
♦Theodore N. Gill, 1881, 1882
*Charles A. White, 1883, 1884
*G. Brown Goode, 1885, 1886
William H. Dall, 1887, 1888
*Lester F. Ward, 1889, 1890
C. Hart Merriam, 1891, 1892
*C. V. Riley, 1893, 1894
*Geo. M. Sternberg, 1895, 1896
L. O. Howard, 1897, 1898
Frederick V. Coville, 1899, 1900
F. A. Lucas, 1901, 1902
B. W. Evermann, 1903, 1904
F. H. Knowlton, 1905, 1906
L. Stejneger, 1907, 1908
T. S. Palmer, 1909, 1910
David White, 1911
E. W. Nelson, 1912, 1913
Paul Bartsch, 1914, 1915
W. P. Hay, 1916, 1917
J. N. Rose, 1918
Hugh M. Smith, 1919
(iv)
* Deceased.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Officers and Committees for 1920 iii
Proceedings for 1920 ix-xiv
Fungous Insects and their Hosts, by Harry B. Weiss and Erd-
man West 1-20
A New Unstalked Crinoid from the Philippine Islands, by
Austin H. Clark 21-22
New Species of Spider Crabs from the Straits of Florida and
Caribbean Sea, by Mary J. Rathbun 23-24
Unusual Types of Apparent Geographic Variation in Color and
of Individual Variation in Size exhibited by Ostinops decu-
manus, by Frank M. Chapman 25-32
Description of a New Clapper Rail from Florida, by Harry C.
Oberholser 33-34
Notes on the Life History of Eurema lisa (Boisduval and Le-
conte), by Aretas A. Saunders 35-36
Two New Spiroboloid Diplopods from Australia, by Ralph V.
Chamberlin 37-40
A New Diplopod from Texas and a New Chilopod from Alaska,
by Ralph V. Chamberlin 41-44
Nine New Plants of the Genus Stylosanthes, by S. F. Blake .... 45-54
Four New Birds from the Philippines and Greater Sunda
Islands, by J. H. Riley 55-58
A Contribution to the Ichthyology of Bermuda, by John Tread-
well Nichols 59-64
Six New Species of Plants from Mexico, by Paul C. Standley .... 65-68
A New Shipworm, by Paul Bratsch 69-70
Descriptions of Apparently New South American Birds, by W. E.
Clyde Todd 71-76
Five New Species of Birds from Cave Deposits in Porto Rico,
by Alexander Wetmore 77-82
Mutanda Ornithologica. IX, by Harry C. Oberholser 83-84
Descriptions of Five New Subspecies of Cyornis, by Harry C.
Oberholser 85-88
Sicydium montanum, a New Species of Goby from Venezuela,
by Carl L. Hubbs 89-90
Description of a New Chipmunk from Glacier National Park,
Montana, by Arthur H. Howell 91-92
Anuraphis longicauda, a New Aphid Injurious to Plum Trees,
by A. C. Baker 93-96
A New Leptodesmoid Diplopod from Louisiana, by Ralph V.
Chamberlin 97-100
(V)
J/o2^7
vi Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
A New Diplopod of the Genus Atopetholus, by Ralph V. Cham-
berlin 101-102
Some New Plants from the Pacific North-west, by C. V. Piper. . 103-106
Five New Species of Cedrela, by S. F. Blake 107-112
Two New Salvias from Guatemala, by S. F. Blake 113-116
New Trees and Shrubs from Mexico and Guatemala, by S. F.
Blake 117-120
New Floridian Subspecies of the Genus Liguus, by Charles T.
Simpson 121-126
A New Geophis from Mexico, by E. R. Dunn 127-128
Some Reptiles and Amphibians from Virginia, North Carolina,
Tennessee and Alabama, by E- R. Dunn 129-138
A List of the Fishes of New Jersey, by Henry W. Fowler 139-170
Cercopidae of the Vicinity of Washington, D. C, with Descrip-
tions of New Varieties of Clastoptera. (Homoptera), by W. L.
McAtee 171-176
Notes on Cockleburs (Ambrosiaceae, Xanthium) of the District
of Columbia and Vicinity, by W. L. McAtee and F. P. Met-
calf 177-180
General Notes 181-186
Records of Several Rare Birds from Near Washington, D. C,
by B. H. Swales, 181-182; Color of the Soft Parts in Anhinga
anhinga, by Alexander Wetmore, 182-183; A New Name for
Heliaster multiradiatus (Gray), by Austin H. Clark, 183;
Notes on Lucania ommata (Jordan), by A. H. Wright and
E. L. Palmer, 183-185.
Table of Contents.
vn
I.
Facing p. 18.
II.
Facing p. 80.
III.
Facing p. 81.
IV.
Facing p. 178
PLATES.
Five Species of Fungi.
Bones of Extinct Porto Rican Birds.
Bones of Extinct Porto Rican Birds.
Cockleburs (Xanthium).
The Committee on Publications declares that each paper of this volume
was distributed on the date indicated on its initial page. The Index,
title page, and minutes of meetings for 1920 (pp. i-xiv; 187-194) were
issued on March 15, 1921.
Vol. 33. PP- IX-XIV.
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL 50CILTY OF WASHINGTON
PROCEEDINGS.
The Society meets from October to May, on alternate Satur-
days, at 8 p. m. All the meetings in 1920 were held in the lec-
ture hall of the Cosmos Club.
January io, 1920 — 604th Meeting.1
President Hopkins was in the chair; 45 persons were present.
Mr. Jacob Kotinsky was elected to membership.
President Hopkins announced the membership of standing
committees as follows: Of the Publication Committee, C. W.
Richmond, Chairman, J. H. Riley, N. Dearborn, A. Wet-
more; of the Committee on Communications, S. A. Rohwer,
Chairman, C. E. Chambliss, R. E. Coker, F. Harper.
Informal Communications: President Hopkins, Sugges-
tions to the Biological Society; W. P. Taylor, Notes on the
mammals upon Mt. Rainier at high altitudes; T. S. Palmer,
Note upon fossil birds described from America.
Formal Communications: T. E. Snyder, An account of the
habits of the Termites or White Ants; William Palmer, Some
birds of Chesapeake Bay.
January 24, 1920— 605th Meeting.2
President Hopkins was in the chair; 85 persons were present.
J. S. Gutsell, R. W. Williams. A. H. Hardisty were elected
to membership.
Informal Communications: B. W. Evermann, Notes on the
Museum of the California Academy of Sciences, and on the
Pelicans of Pyramid Lake, Nevada.
Formal Communication: Ernest Thompson-Seton, Habits
and home life of the Kangaroo Rats of our western deserts.
1 Abstracts in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 10, No. 10, p. 304, May 19, 1920.
2 Abstracts in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 10, No. 10, p. 306, May 19, 1920.
(ix)
x Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
February 7, 1920 — 606th Meeting.3
President Hopkins was in the chair; 45 persons were present.
C. F. Sylvester, A. Boving, Miss Julia B. Hoge, Miss Doris
Cochran, Miss Ethel Wright, Miss Lillian Malone, Miss
Rosalie Field, H. S. Hoffman, J. L,. Baer, L. G. Usilton, J.
Stein, R. J. Bosworth, A. R. Denison, L. Rosenblatt, L. M.
Evans, W. A. Jenkins, J. E. Maxwell, and J. Russell were
elected to membership.
Informal Communications : W. P. Taylor, Note on the flock-
ing of small birds in the forests of the northwest coast; R. E.
Coker, Note on the pearl fishery of the Mississippi River
Valley, and photograph of stages in the metamorphosis of the
Acorn Barnacle; T. S. Palmer, Note on the protection of quail
in the District of Columbia; H. M. Smith, Note upon the
Alaskan fur seal herd; Paul Bartsch, Note of the need of sup-
plying water for birds in cities.
Formal Communications: C. Dwight Marsh, Some poison-
ous plants and their effects; Paul Bartsch, Our poison gas
detector, and how it was discovered.
February 21, 1920 — 607th Meeting.*
(Joint meeting with Washington Academy of Sciences.)
President A. D. Hopkins was in the chair; 75 persons were
present.
Miss D. Langworthy, Miss Marion Pellew, and K. P. Schmidt
were elected to membership.
Formal Communication: Dr. Alfred P. Meyer, The corals
of the American Samoa.*
March 6, 1920 — 608th Meeting.6
Vice-President V. Bailey was in the chair; 50 persons were
present.
T. I. Storer and Miss P. Brown were elected to member-
ship.
Informal Communications: M. B. Waite, Exhibit of naked
3 Abstracts in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 10, No. 10, p. 309, May 19, 1920.
* Abstracts published in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 10, No. 10, p. 309, May
19, 1920.
♦Published in Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 59, No. 3,
pp. 224-236, 1920.
« Abstracts in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 10, No. 20, p. 578, Dec. 4, 1920.
Proceedings. xi
buds of Paulownia imperialis; A. S. Hitchcock, Note on a trip
in British Guiana; L. O. Howard, Note on artificial cherries.
Formal Communications: W. P. Taylor, The birds and
mammals of Mount Rainier National Park; D. R. Crawford,
The life history of the Spiny Lobster.
March 20, 1920 — 609th Meeting."
President A. D. Hopkins in the chair; 47 persons were
present.
Miss K. G. Symmonds was elected to membership.
Informal Communications : R. W. Shufeldt, Exhibit of the
moloch, a lizard of Australia; L. O. Howard and M. B. Waite,
Notes upon the cutting back of certain Sycamore trees. T. E.
Snyder, Exhibit of photograph of ant's nest.
Formal Communications: F. L. Scribner, The lure of Rock
Creek Park; T. E. Snyder, The Lead Cable Borer.
April 3, 1920 — 610th Meeting.7
President A. D. Hopkins in the chair ; 42 persons were present.
E. Stringham was elected to membership.
Formal Communications: R. W. Shufeldt, Observations on
the cervical region of the spine in Chelonians; W. C. Kendall,
Trout of the great west.
April 17, 1920 — 611th Meeting.8
President A. D. Hopkins was in the chair; 80 persons were
present.
R. A. St. George and Miss P. T. Newbold were elected to
membership.
Informal Communications : A. Wetmore, Exhibit and Note
from Dr. M. W. Lyon, Jr., upon the Fish or Broad Tape Worm,
and the Beef Tape Worm; W. P. Taylor, Note upon a Black
Bear on the summit of Mount Rainier; Paul Bartsch and A.
S. Hitchcock, Notes upon a new Teredo in Dutch Guiana in-
festing Green Heartwood; R. W. Shufeldt, Note upon the
insect, Beech Blight; A. Wetmore, Reading of a letter from
George Haley giving notes upon Alaskan song birds.
» Abstracts in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 10, No. 20, p. 579, Dec. 4, 1920.
' Abstracts in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 10, No. 20, p. 580, Dec. 4,
1920.
» Abstracts in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 10, No. 20, p. 582, Dec. 4, 1920.
xii Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Formal Communication: Hugh M. Smith, Address of the
retiring President, Some biological problems in the Yellow-
stone National Park.
May i, 1920— 612th Meeting.9
Former President T. S. Palmer was in the chair, and 30
persons were present.
J. N. Aldrich and E. D. Reid were elected to membership.
Informal Communications: R. W. Shufeldt, Notes on the
salamanders of the District of Columbia, and exhibit of Sar-
racenia variolarius, the Spotted Trumpet Leaf from Orlando,
Florida, in full bloom; T. S. Palmer, Note on the tendency
of animals under protection or partial domestication to ad-
vance the breeding season; C. D. Marsh, Note on Loco Weed
in New Mexico and Arizona.
Formal Communications: A. S. Hitchcock, Floral aspects
of British Guiana.
May 15, 1920 — 613th Meeting.10
Former President T. S. Palmer was in the chair; 47 persons
were present.
Informal Communications: T. S. Palmer, Note on the
recent meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists ; A.
Wetmore, Note upon bones from Porto Rican fossil deposits.
Formal Communications : A. Wetmore, Use of Powderdown
feathers in birds;* W. P. Taylor, Habits of the Kangaroo Rat
in Arizona; E. A. Goldman, The Elk of the Jackson's Hole
Region in Wyoming.
October 30, 1920 — 614th Meeting."
Vice-President N. Hollister was in the chair; 41 persons
were present.
Informal Communications: T. S. Palmer, Announcement
of the forthcoming meeting of the American Ornithologists'
Union in Washington; L. O. Howard, Note upon a flight of
Grasshoppers witnessed in France.
Formal Communications: A. H. Clark, on Crinoids; W. J.
Swingle, Chinese botany and Chinese botanists.
» Abstracts in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 10, No. 20, p. 585, Dec. 4, 1920.
'° Abstracts in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 10, No. 20, p. 586, Dec. 4. 1920
* Printed in Condor, vol. 22, No. 5, p. 168, Sept. 24, 1920.
" Abstracts in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 1 1, No. 3, p. 64, Feb. 4, 1920.
Proceedings. xiii
November 13, 1920— 615th Meeting.12
Vice-President N. Hollister was in the chair; 40 persons
were present.
O. P. Silliman, M. Sloog, S. S. Berry and H. J. Pack were
elected to membership.
Informal Communications: Paul Bartsch, Notes on injury
by a new Teredo in San Francisco Bay, and on recently differ-
entiated species of land shells of the genus Epiphragmorpha
in California, and on the odor of honey eating birds in the
Hawaiian Islands; T. S. Palmer, Note on the recent meeting
of the American Ornithologists' Union; N. Hollister, Note
on the interest in technical subjects in the Biological Society;
Wm. Palmer, Exhibit of type skull of Rhabdosteus, an extinct
dolphin-like animal.
Formal Communications: R. W. Shufeldt, A snake af-
fected with Chiggers; Chas. W. Gilmore, Remarks on some
additions to the fossil vertebrate exhibition in the U. S. National
Museum.
November 27, 1920 — 616th Meeting.13
Vice-President Hollister was in the chair; 4G persons were
present.
The following were elected to membership: H. E. Ewing,
R. A. Cushman, R. M. Fouts, T. C. Greene, Carl Heinrich,
W. M. Mann, H. Morrison, W. Schaus, L. H. Weld, G. E.
Thompson, T. B. Wilson, C. R. Aschemeier, A. L. Bennett,
N. H. Boss, W. L. Brown, T. Horn, J. B. Reeside, Jr., Miss
G. O. Visel, P. C. Villanneva, D. H. Adams, Miss L. Allison,
G. L. Bowen, T. J. Brimer, C. T. Buckingham, Miss A. M.
Charest, Miss E. E. Chickering, W. F. Coakley, G. W. Cres-
well, F. B. Cunningham, W. G. Cushard, Waiva Dean, Joel
Deuterman, Miss A. E. Drew, Miss M. E. Drew, E. J. Drum-
mond, D. L. DuPre, E. M. Ellerson, P. S. Gault, W. H. Geisler,
W. A. Gersdorff, E. J. Grass, Miss H. F. Hadden, Miss E.
M. Hamric, Miss D. Hansen, S. M. Harding, G. S. Hastings,
W. H. Hughes, W. Johnson, J. L. 'McCarther, F. A. Mayer,
Miss A. J. Mills, F. Moore, R. W. Murray, Miss E. Nathanson,
A. D. O'Donnell, Miss H. R. Ostrom, L. A. Passalaequa, C. W.
Parker, H. W. Potter, A. Preece, R. B. Rench, M. Riwchun,
12 Abstracts in the Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 1 1, No. 3, p. 65, Feb. 4, 1920.
1J Abstracts to be published in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci.
xiv Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
G. L. Roberts, A. S. Rubino, Miss M. Russell, G. P. Savage,
H. L. Smith, Miss L. W. Steever, H. C. Straup, Miss L. Van
Doren, L. R. Watson, Jr., S. Weinshelbaum, Miss D. V.
Nichols.
Informal Communications: L. O. Howard, Comparison of
Humboldt's and Bradley's accounts of mosquitoes on the
Amazon; J. C. Bradley, Reply regarding mosquitoes on the
Amazon; A. S. Hitchcock, Note on mosquitoes in British
Guiana; P. Bartsch, Note on erratic occurrence of mosquitoes
in Florida; H. M. Smith, Exhibit of artificial animals from
Pekin; T. S. Palmer, and L. O. Howard, Announcements of
exhibitions of bird drawings at the Library of Congress, and
of insect drawings at the Corcoran Art Gallery.
Formal Communications: J. Chester Bradley, Plumarius, an
aberrant genus of Hymenoptera; W. E. Safford, Hawaii re-
visited.
December n, 1920 — 617th Meeting.
FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING.
President A. D. Hopkins was in the chair; 28 persons were
present.
Annual reports of officers and committees were received.
The resignations of N. Dearborn, Treasurer, and of A.
Wetmore, Corresponding Secretary, on May 15, 1920, were
announced, and the succession of F. C. Lincoln as Treasurer
and T. E. Snyder as Corresponding Secretary.
The officers and members of the Council elected for 1921
are:
President, N. Hollister.
Vice-Presidents, A. S. Hitchcock, J. W. Gidley, S. A. Rohwer,
H. C. Oberholser.
Recording Secretary, A. A. Doolittle.
Corresponding Secretary, T. E. Snyder.
Treasurer, F. C. Lincoln.
Members of the Council, W. Palmer, E. A. Goldman, H. H. T.
Jackson, R. E. Coker, R. W. Williams.
President Hollister was nominated as one of the Vice-Presi-
dents of the Washington Academy of Science.
The appointment of Committees for the coming year was
deferred.
Vol. 33, pp. 1-20 July 24, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OB THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
FUNGOUS INSECTS AND THEIR HOSTS.
BY HARRY B. WEISS AND ERDMAN WEST.
This paper is an attempt to list in a definite manner, the
various fungous hosts of certain insects. In most entomo-
logical papers dealing with fungous insects, the host is recorded
simply as a "fungus." This is very indefinite and almost as
unsatisfactory as using the term "evergreen" when a definite
tree such as Pinus sylvestris is meant. In 19081 Schwarz called
attention to the opportunity of working with fungous insects in
view of the many mycologists in the field. At the present
time with more mycologists in the field certainly some attempt
should be made to list the fungous hosts by at least their
generic if not specific names.
The present paper deals almost entirely with the Coleoptera
although some insects in other orders are included and the
records are the results of observations made for the most
part in New Jersey during the past year. No attempt was
made to breed out the various fungous gnats whose larvae
are so common in gill fungi. The few records copied from pub-
lished data are followed by the references. The records from
States other than New Jersey are due to the kind cooperation
of the entomologists whose names appear after such records.
We are greatly indebted to Mr. Chas. Leng for identifica-
tions in the Coleoptera and for references to the literature.
It is hoped that in a later paper it will be possible to include
a bibliography of all publications in which the generic or spe-
cific name of the fungus is given, although such references are
1 Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., X, 1908, p. 61.
1— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (1)
2 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
not numerous in American entomological literature. Our
thanks are also due to Mr. Chas. Dury for identifications in
the Cisidae, to Mr. C. W. Frost for many miscellaneous iden-
tifications in the Coleoptera, to Dr. W. G. Dietz for his help
with the Tiptdidae, to Mr. August Busck in connection with
the micros, to Mr. Crawford and Mr. Cushman who, through
the courtesy of Dr. L. O. Howard, identified the parasites, to
Mr. C. W. Johnson, Dr. E. P. Felt and Dr. O. A. Johannsen,
who identified the Diptera other than the crane flies, and to
Mr. Charles Macnamara, who determined the springtails.
What appears to be a definite relationship between certain
fungi and insects has been observed in the past by both mycol-
ogists and entomologists. Von Schrenk and Spaulding,1 writ-
ing of the fungus Polyporus obtusus, state that "the spores of
the fungus germinate in the burrows of an oak-boring insect
Prionoxystus robiniae Peck. The fungus grows in the borings
and follows the insect burrows until it reaches the heartwood
of the tree." Concerning the disease Fomes rimosus of the
black locust, they say, "infection takes place through older
branches and through tunnels made by the locust borer Cyllene
robiniae."
Hopkins, in his "Insect Enemies of the Spruce in the North-
east,"2 writes as follows about the beetle Dendroctonus
piceaperda Hopk., and the fungus Polyporus volvatus Peck:
"Nearly all recently dead trees and even some that are not
yet dead but contain broods of the beetle, are found to have
small, yellow, globular fungus protruding either from the holes
in the roof of the egg galleries or those made when the adults
emerged from the bark. This fungus which grows beneath
the bark pushes its way out to develop spores or fruiting parts.
These fungi are conspicuous objects, and they often occur by
hundreds on the bark of the tree for two or three years after
they have died and the beetles have emerged. The fact that
the work of the spruce-destroying beetle seems to make the
conditions more favorable for the introduction and subsequent
growth of this fungus indicates that it is more closely asso-
ciated with the work of this beetle than is any of the other
1 Bull. 149, U. S. Bur. PI. Indus.
» Bull. 28, N. S. U. S. Dept. Agric. Bur. Ent.
Weiss and West — Fungous Insects and Their Hosts. 3
bark and wood-infesting fungi of the spruce. It therefore
serves as good external evidence that the dead trees on which
it is found were killed by the beetle. It will, however, grow
from the burrows made by other insects in the bark or, as ob-
served in one instance, from the burrows of wood-mining
beetles (Xyloterus bivittatus Kirby) in wood from which the
bark had been removed."
Again Ruggles1 finds that a relationship appears to exist be-
tween Agrilus bilineatus and the shoestring fungus Armillaria
mellea in connection with the death of oak. Whether the
fungus is necessarily present first acting as a primary cause of
death to the tree or whether the combination causes death
is, according to Ruggles, a question for further investigation.
Another interesting paper, "The Inhabitants of a Fungus,"2
by Henry G. Hubbard, refers to the insect inhabitants of
Cryptoporus volvatus Peck var. obvolutus Peck, found on pine
trees of the Pacific Coast Range from the Columbia River
northward into British Columbia. Eleven species of beetles
are mentioned, together with unidentified lepidopterous and
coleopterous larvae, and these are divided into predatory vis-
itors and fungus eaters. In this paper the beetle Epuraea
monogama is said to transport the spores while Platydema
oregonense is said to cause the peculiar filaments which form
within the veil of the fungus. Murrill in his "Northern Poly-
pores" states that this fungus is largely dependent upon in-
sects for its distribution, that the sporophores often emerge
through insect tunnels, the volva is punctured by insects and
the spores carried to other trunks by insects. He also states,
however, that the sporophore is annual and matures early in
the season so that the volva would probably rupture by decay
in time to distribute the spores even if no apertures were
present.
Fabre in his "Social Life in the Insect World,"3 mentions
two beetles as being associated with subterranean fungi, Aniso-
toma cinnamomea on truffles and Bolboceras gallicus on Hydno-
cystis arenaria and tells at length in his charming style about
his observations on the latter species.
1 15th Rep. State Ent. Minn.
a Canad. Ent. Vol. 24, 1892, pp. 250-56.
' The Century Co., 1913.
4 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
In the insect list which follows, the species are recorded as
breeding in, feeding on and occurring in or on the fungi. It
is extremely probable that those listed as occurring in or on
are fungus eaters, except those belonging to such coleopterous
groups as the Carabidae, and the members of which are pre-
daceous. In the fungus list no attempt has been made to
record the activities of the insect again and only the names
of the species associated with each fungus are mentioned.
Practically all of the fungi mentioned belong to the families
Polyporaceae and Agaricaceae. In the Polyporaceae, "the hy-
menial surface is generally spread over the inner surfaces of
pores or narrow tubes, sometimes over folds or shallow de-
pressions between vein-like reticulations occasionally more or
less lamelloid. The sporophores are diverse, generally tough,
often very large."1 In the Agaricaceae, "the hy menial surface
is confined to radial plates or lamellae, the latter, however,
sometimes in the form of folds or veins. The sporophores are
generally fleshy with a definite cap or pileus, usually provided
with a central stalk, but also excentric, sessile, etc."1 Mem-
bers of the Polyporaceae are found on both living and dead
wood of deciduous and coniferous trees while those of the
Agaricaceae are mostly terrestrial or occur as a rule on very
rotten wood.
INSECT LIST.
Order Coleoptera.
Family Carabidae.
Pterostichus adoxus Say. On Psilocybe sp., August, Framingham, Mass.
(Frost).
Pterostichus lucublandus Say. On Pleurotus ostreatus, June 27, Corn-
wall, Conn. (Chamberlain).
Family Hydrophilidae.
Cercyon praetextatum Say. In Polyporus albellus, Sept. 12, Springfield,
N.J.
Family Silphidae.
Necrophorus pustulatus Hersch. On Pleurotus ostreatus, June 27, Corn-
wall, Conn. (Chamberlain).
Family Staphylinidae.
Gyrophaena corruscula Er. On Armillaria sp., July, Framingham,
Mass. (Frost).
1 Duggar, B. M. Fungus Diseases of Plants.
Weiss and West — Fungous Insects and Their Hosts. 5
Staphylinus maculosus Grav. On Pleurotus ostreatus, June 27, Cornwall,
Conn. (Chamberlain).
Staphylinus fossator Grav. On Lactarins sp., August, Framingham,
Mass. (Frost).
Philonthus brunneus Grav. On Polyporus berkleyi, August 5, Framing-
ham, Mass. (Frost).
Philonthus cyanipennis Fab. On Amanita sp., Lakehurst, July 17, N. J.
On Collybia platyphylla, July 17, Monmouth Jc, N. J.
Stilicus angularis Lee. On Polyporus berkleyi, August 5, Framingham,
Mass. (Frost).
Tachinus pallipes Grav. On Polyporus berkleyi, August 5, Framingham,
Mass. (Frost). On Collybia platyphylla, June 17, Monmouth
Jc, N. J.
Tachinus fimbriatus Grav. On Amanita sp., July 27, Lakehurst, N. J.
On Collybia platyphylla, June 17, Monmouth Jc., N. J.
Boletobius cinctus Grav. On Clitocybe maxima, Framingham, Mass.,
June 18 (Frost). In Polyporus albellus, Union, N. J., Sept. 12.
Oxyporus vittatus Grav. Feeding on Pleurotus ostreatus, Cincinnati, Ohio
(Dury). On Naucoria sp., Framingham, Mass., July (Frost).
On Laccaria amethysta, Framingham, Mass., Sept. (Frost).
Oxyporus 5-maculatus Lee. On Psilocybe sp., Monmouth Jc, N. J., June
17. On Laccaria amethysta, Framingham, Mass., Sept. (Frost).
Oxyporus lateralis Grav. On Pholiota sp., Monmouth Jc, May 31. Feed-
ing on Pleurotus ostreatus, Cincinnati, Ohio (Dury).
Oxyporus major Grav. Feeding on Pleurotus ostreatus, Cincinnati, Ohio
(Dury).
Oxyporus stygicus Say. Feeding on Pleurotus ostreatus, Cincinnati, Ohio
(Dury).
Family Scaphidiidae.
Scaphidium 4-guttatum Say., var. piceum Mots. On Polyporus versicolor,
Princeton Jc, N. J., May 8.
Baeocera punctipennis Blatch. Occurs on the large yellow Clitocybe
illudens (Coleoptera of Indiana, p. 494).
Scaphisoma repanda Casey. In Polyporus gilvus, Springfield, N. J., May
30.
Family Endomychidae.
Symbiotes waltoni Dury. In Pleurotus sp., Cincinnati, Ohio (Dury).
Symbiotes impressus Dury. In Pleurotus sp., Cincinnati, Ohio (Dury).
Symbiotes duryi Walton. In Pleurotus sp., Cincinnati, Ohio (Dury).
Lycoperdina ferruginea Lee Occurs inside Lycoperdon pyriforme, In-
diana (Col. Ind. p. 538). Cincinnati, Ohio, May 30 (Dury) .
Endomychus biguttatus Sa}r. Feeding on Schizophyllum commune, Mon-
mouth Jc, N. J., July 12.
Family Erotylidae.
Dacne 4-maculata Say. In Plettrotus tdmarius, Uhlerstown, Pa., June 11.
6 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington .
Megalodacne fasciata Fab. In Polyporus lucidus, Polyporus versicolor
and feeding on Pleurotus sapidus, Springfield, N. J., May 30.
Megalodacne ulkei Crotch. On Polyporus cuticularis, Indiana (Col. Ind.
p. 545).
Ischyrus 4-punctatus Oliv. Feeding on and breeding in Poria sp., Spring-
field, N. J., July 10.
Mycotretus pulchra Say. Breeds in Polyporus chioneus, Monmouth Jc,
N. J., Sept. 8.
Tritoma humeralis Fab. Feeding on Clitocybe maxima, Framingham,
Mass. (Frost).
Tritoma biguttata Say. On Armillaria sp., Monmouth Jc, N. J., July 7.
Tritoma thoracica Say. On Pleurotus ostreatus, Cornwall, Conn., June 27
(Chamberlain). Feeding on P. ostreatus, Monmouth Jc, N. J.,
May 30.
Tritoma flavicollis Lee On Pleurotus ostreatus, Cornwall, Conn., June
27 (Chamberlain).
Family Mycetophagidae.
Mycetophagus flexuosus Say. On Pleurotus ostreatus, Cornwall, Conn.,
June 27 (Chamberlain). On Polyporus berkleyi, Framingham,
Mass. (Frost). In Polyporus versicolor, South River, May 14,
Riverton, May 5; in Polyporus albellus, Union, Sept. 12; on
Polyporus galaclinus, Union, Sept. 12; in Polyporus betulinus,
Princeton Jc, May 8; in Polyporus tsugae, New Brunswick,
N. J., Sept. 24.
Mycetophagus melsheimeri Lee On Pleurotus ostreatus, Cornwall, Conn.,
June 27 (Chamberlain).
Mycetophagus punctatus Say. On Pleurotus ostreatus, Cornwall, Conn.,
June 27 (Chamberlain). Feeding in Polyporus amorphus, New
Brunswick, N. J., July 26.
Mycetophagus pluriguttatus Lee In Daedalia confragosa, New Bruns-
wick, N. J., April 9.
Crosimus hirtus Casey. On Daedalia quercina, Monmouth Jc, N. J.,
June 12.
Litargus didesmus Say. On Naucoria sp., Framingham, Mass., July
(Frost).
Family Dermestidae.
Attagenus piceus Oliv. In Lenziies betulina, New Brunswick, N. J.,
March 6.
Family Histeridae.
Hister unicus Csy. On Clitocybe robusta, Framingham, Mass., July
(Frost).
Hister sedecimstriatus Say. On Polyporus berkleyi, Framingham, Mass.,
August 5 (Frost).
Hister abbreviatus Fab. On Pleurotus ostreatus, Cornwall, Conn., June
27 (Chamberlain).
Weiss and West — Fungous Insects and Their Hosts. 7
Hister interruptus Beauv. On Pleurotus ostreatus, Cornwall, Conn., June
27 (Chamberlain).
Hister cognatus Lee. On Polyporns berkleyi, Framingham, Mass., August
5 (Frost).
Hister lecontei Mars. On Polyporns dichrous, Polyporns versicolor,
Springfield, N. J., May 13, April 10; in Polyporns albellus, Union,
N. J., Sept. 12; in Polyporns hirsutus, Monmouth Jc, N. J.,
April 29.
Family Nitidulidae.
Colastus truncatus Rand. In Polyporns graveolens, Monmouth Jc., N.
J., April 9.
Epuraea ovata Horn. Feeding on Lactarius sp., Monmouth Jc, N. J.,
July 12; on Poly poms cuticularis, New Brunswick, N. J., Octo-
ber 1.
Nitidula bipunctata Linn. On Pleurotus ostreatus, Cornwall, Conn., June
27 (Chamberlain).
Stelidota octomaculata Say. In Polyporns chinoeus, Springfield, N. J.,
Sept. 12.
Phenolia grossa Fab. On Polyporns versicolor, Swedesboro, N. J., June
30; breeding in Polyporns sulphureus, Springfield, N. J., Sept.
12; on Pleurotus ostreatus, Cornwall, Conn., June 27 (Cham-
berlain). On Polyporus berkleyi, Framingham, Mass., August
5 (Frost).
Omosita colon Linn. On Polyporus berkleyi, Framingham, Mass., August
5 (Frost).
Pallodes pallidus Beauv. Feeding on Russula sp., Lakehurst, N. J.,
July 17; feeding on Collybia platyphylla, Monmouth Jc, N. J.,
June 17.
Ips quadriguttatus Oliv. On Polyporus betulinus, Oradell, N. J., April
23; on Pleurotus ostreatus, Cornwall, Conn., June 27 (Cham-
berlain). In Polyporus cuticularis, New Brunswick, N. J., Oct. 1.
Family Trogositidae.
Thymalus fulgidus Er. Breeds in Polyporus betulinus, Daedalia con-
fragosa, Morristown, Oradell, High Bridge, Monmouth Jc, N. J.
Tenebrioides corticalis Melsh. On Polyporus versicolor, Union, N. J.,
May 8, June 27; in Polyporus betulinus and Polyporus gilvus,
Princeton Jc, May 8, Sept. 12, N. J.
Family Ptinidae.
Eucrada humeralis Mels. Bred from Polyporus gilvus, Monmouth Jc,
N. J., March 26.
Hemiptychus nigritulus Lee In Fomes applanatus breeding in this fun-
gus, Monmouth Jc, N. J., May 30, adults, pupae, larvae.
Caenocara oculata Say. On Scleroderma vulgare, Lakehurst, N. J., July 17.
Dorcatoma dresdensis Hbst. Reared from Fomes fomentarius in Wis-
consin (Proc Ent. Soc Wash., X, 1908, p. 61).
8 Proceedings of the Biological Society oj Washington.
Family Bostrychidae.
Endecatomus rugosus Rand. Breeds in Polyporns gilvas, Union, N. J.,.
Sept 12, larvae, pupae, adults. In P. gilvus, Staten Island,
N. Y. (Davis). In Polyporus versicolor, Springfield, N. J.,
March 20, June 27, September 12.
Family Cisidae.
Cis cylindrica Dury. In Forties pinicola, Corvallis, Oregon, August 14
(W. J. Chamberlain).
Cis hirsuta Csy. In Panus rudis, Monmouth Jc, N. J., June 17.
Cis fuscipes Mell. Breeds in Polyporus versicolor, Lenzites betulina, Poly-
porus hirsutus in various parts of New Jersey. Feeding in Poly-
porus conchifer, Bound Brook, N. J., May 2.
Cis curtula Csy. In Polyporus pargamenus, Monmouth Jc., N. J., May
30. In Polyporus cinnabarinus , Richwood, N. J., June 30.
Cis wenzeli Dury. In Polyporus cinnabarinus, Centre Hall, Pa., May
26. Husted, Richwood, N. J., June 30. In Polyporus versi-
color, Del. Co., Pa. (Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. His., XXII, 2, 1917,
P- 7).
Xestocis levettei Csy. In Polyporus versicolor, Milltown, N. J., May 18.
In Fomes applanatus, Union, Monmouth Jc, N. J., May 30.
Xestocis moznettei Dury. Bred from Polyporus sp., Corvallis, Oregon,
March 10 (Jl. Cin. Soc. Nat. His., XXII, 1917, pp. 1-28)
Brachycis brevicollis Csy. Breeds in Polyporus gilvus, Fomes bakeri,
Fomes igniarius, Springfield, Monmouth Jc, High Bridge, N. J.
Ceracis sallei Mell. Breeds in Polyporus gilvus, P. versicolor, P. hirsutus,
P. dichrous, Fomes applanatus, F. igniarius, Lenzites betulina,
Springfield, Morristown, etc., N. J. In Polyporus fumosus,
Fomes lobatus, Polyporus curtisi, Springfield, N. J., May, July.
Strigocis opacicollis Dury. In Polyporus versicolor, Swedesboro, N. J.,
June 30.
Sulcacis lengi Dury. Breeds in Lenzites betulina, Polyporus versicolor,
P. gilvus, P. hirsutus, Monmouth Jc, June 10; in Polyporus
fumosus, Springfield, N. J., May 13.
Ennearthron compacta Dury. Breeds in Fomes marmoratus, Key West,
Fla. (Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. His., XXII, 2, 1917, p. 22).
Ennearthron thoracicorne Ziegl. Breeds in Polyporus gilvus, Lenzites
betulina, Daedalia unicolor, Polyporus pargamenus, Polyporus
fumosus, Springfield, Monmouth Jc, N. J., April, May.
Ennearthron oblongus Blatch. In Polyporus versicolor, Orient, L. I.,
N. Y., April 1 (W. T. Davis).
Octotemnus denudatus Csy. Breeds in Polyporus versicolor, Oregon
(Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. His., XXII, 2, 1917, p. 27).
Octotemnus laevis Csy. In Lenzites betulina, Monmouth Jc, N. J., May
6, in Polyporus versicolor, Hunterdon Co., N. J., March 12.
Weiss and West — Fungous Insects and Their Hosts. 9
Rhipidandrus paradoxus Beauv. Feeding on Pleurotus ostreatus, Mon-
mouth Jc, N. J., June 10. In Poly poms cuticularis, New Bruns-
wick, N. J., October 1.
Family Scarabaeidae.
Onthophagus hecate Panz. On Polyporus versicolor, Princeton Jc, N. J.,
May 8.
Geotrupes balyi Jek. On Polyporus berkleyi, Framingham, Mass., August
5 (Frost).
Geotrupes horni Blanch. On ground beneath Lactarius sp., Framingham,
Mass., August (Frost).
Family Tenebrionidae.
Scotobates calcaratus Fab. On Pleurotus ostreatus, Cornwall, Conn.,
June 27 (Chamberlain).
Xylopinus saperdioides Oliv. On Pleurotus ostreatus, Cornwall, Conn.,
June 27 (Chamberlain).
Diaperis maculata Oliv. Feeding on Clitocybe maxima, Framingham,
Mass. (Frost) ; on Polyporus berkleyi, Framingham, Mass.,
August 5 (Frost); on Pleurotus ostreatus, Cornwall, Conn., June
27 (Chamberlain); feeding in Polyporus albellus, Springfield,
N. J., July 10; on Polyporus tsugae, New Brunswick, N. J.,
Sept. 24; feeding on Lentinus lepideus, Monmouth Jc, N. J.,
July 7; breeds in Polyporus betulinus, Princeton Jc, N. J.,
April 23, May 8.
Hoplocephala bicornis Oliv. Feeds in Polyporus hirsutus, P. versicolor,
P. cinnabarinus and Lenzites betulina, Springfield, New Bruns-
wick, Husted, N. J., February, March, April, May, June.
Hoplocephala viridipennis Fab. In Polyporus versicolor, Springfield, N.
J., March 13.
Platydema subcostatum Lap. On Pleurotus ostreatus, Cornwall, Conn.,
June 27 (Chamberlain).
Platydema ellipticum Fab. Breeds in Polyporus gilvus, Springfield, N. J.,
Sept. 12.
Platydema ruficorne Sturm. In Polyporus dichrous, P. lucidus, Spring-
field, Plainfield, N. J., May.
Boletotherus bifurcus Fab. On Pleurotus ostreatus, Cornwall, Conn.,
June 27 (Chamberlain). Breeds in Fomes applanatus, Poly-
porus tsugae, Polyporus lucidus; feeding on Polyporus versicolor;
larvae during winter, adults during winter under bark. Plain-
field, Barnegat, Union, Springfield, New Brunswick, Monmouth
Jc, N. J., April, May, June, September, October.
Helops micans Fab. On Pleurotus ostreatus, Cornwall, Conn., June 27
(Chamberlain).
Family Melandryidae.
Penthe obliquata Fab. On Polyporus berkleyi, Framingham, Mass.,
August 5 (Frost). On Polyporus versicolor, P. betulinus, Prince-
ton Jc, N. J., May 8, April 23.
10 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Eustrophus bicolor Say. Larva feeding on Pleurotus sapidus, Polyporus
squamosus, Poria sp., Polyporus albellus, Polyporus amorphus,
Lentinus lepideus, Monmouth Jc, Union, New Brunswick, N. J.,
May, June, July, September. On Polyporus betulinus, P. ver-
sicolor, Daedalia confragosa, Princeton Jc, N. J., April, May.
Hallomenus scalpularis Melsh. Occurs on Polyporus sulphur eus, Indiana
(Col. Ind., p. 1294).
Orchesia castanea Mels. Breeds in Trametes suaveolens, Polyporus his-
pidus, Lenzites betulina, Lenzites saepiaria, Kingston, Mon-
mouth Jc, New Brunswick, N. J., April, May, June. In Poly-
porus versicolor, Union, N. J., June 27.
Family Mordellidae.
Tomoxia bidentata Say. On Pleurotus ostreatus, Cornwall, Conn., June
27 (Chamberlain).
Mordella marginata Melsh. Bred from Lenzites saepiaria, Uhlerstown,
Pa., June 11.
Family Anthribidae.
Cratoparis lunatus Fabr:1 In Polyporus hirsutus, P. dichrous, P. betulinus,
P. versicolor. On Polyporus brumalis, P. pargamenus, Panus
rudis, throughout N. J., April, March, June.
Order Thysanura.
Achorutes armatus Nicolet. Feeding on Pholiota marginella, Monmouth
Jc, N. J., May 30.
Papirius pini Folsom. On various species of gill fungi. Monmouth Jc,
N. J., Sept. 8.
Order Hemiptera.
Aradus similis Say. In and on Polyporus betulinus, in various parts of
New Jersey. On Fomes pinicola, Centre Hall, Pa., May 28.
Order Lepidoptera.
Tinea cloacella Haw. Breeds in Polyporus sulphureus, Polyporus tsugae,
Fomes igniarius, Polyporus borealis, Matewan, New Brunswick,
High Bridge, N. J., overwinters as larva.
Tinea acapnopennella Clem. Breeds in Polyporus tulipiferus, N. J.,
August.
Hybroma servulella Clem. Bred from Lenzites betulina, New Brunswick,
N. J., May 25.
Order Hvmenoptera.
Cothonaspis, sp. Bred from Polyporus lucidus, Monmouth Jc, N. J.,
April 14.
Eubadizon, n. sp. Bred from cocoons found in larval and pupal cham-
bers of Boletotherus bifurcus in Fomes applanatus, Springfield,
N. J., May 26.
Trigonoderus, sp. Bred from Polyporus versicolor, Middlesex Co., N. J.,
March.
1 Euparius marmoreus OH v., is latest name.
Weiss and West — Fungous Insects and Their Hosts. 11
Trigonoderus unguttus Gir. Bred from Polyporus gilvus, Monmouth Jc,
N. J., March 25.
Entedoninae, n. gen., n. sp. Bred from Lenzites betulina, Middlesex Co.,
N.J.
Order Diptera.
Limnobia cinctipes Say. Bred from Polyporus dichrous, Monmouth Jc,
N. J., June 12.
Discobola argus Say. On Polyporus albellus, Union, N. J., Sept. 12.
Dr. Dietz states that he has bred this from Polyporus sp.
Leia bivittata Say. Breeds in Lenzites betulina, Polyporus tsugae, Poly-
porus lucidus, New Brunswick, Springfield, N. J., May.
Sciara pauciseta Felt. Bred from Polyporus dichrous, Monmouth Jc,
N. J., June 20.
Winnertzia, n. sp. Bred from Lenzites saepiaria, Plainfield, N. J., March
31.
Pseudotephritis vau Say. In Lenzites betulina, Middlesex Co., N. J.,
April 14. In Polyporus hirsutus, Monmouth Jc, May 5, N. J.
FUNGOUS HOST LIST.1
Order Agaricales.
Family Polyporaceae.
Polyporus squamosus Hudson.
Eustrophus bicolor Say.
Polyporus brumalis Persoon.
Euparius marmoreus Oliv.
Polyporus betulinus Bulliard.
Mycetophagus flexuosus Say.
Ips quadriguttatus Fab.
Thymalus fulgidus Er.
Tenebrioides corticalis Melsh.
Diaperis maculata Oliv.
Penthe obliquata Fab.
Eustrophus bicolor Say.
Euparius marmoreus Oliv.
Aradus similis Say (Hemip.).
Polyporus berkleyi Fries.
Philonthus brunneus Grav.
Stilicus angularus Lee
Tachinus pallipes Grav.
Mycetophagus flexuosus Say.
Hister sedecimstriatus Say.
Hister cognatus Lee
1 The name of each fungus is followed by the names of the insects associated with
it. Insect names not followed by an abbreviation in parentheses belong to the Order
Coleoptera.
12 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Phenolia grossa Fab.
Omosita colon L.
Geotrupes balyi Jek.
Diaperis maculata Oliv.
Penthe obliquata Fab.
Polyporus sulphureus Buillard.
Hallomenus scapularis Melsh.
Phenolia grossa Fab.
Tinea cloacella Haw. (Lep.).
Polyporus fumosus Persoon.
Sulcacis lengi Dury.
Ennearthron thoracicorne Ziegl.
Polyporus amorphus Fries.
Eustrophus bicolor Say.
Mycetophagus punctatus Say.
Polyporus conchifer Schw.
Cis fuscipes Mell.
Polyporus tulipiferus Schw.
Tinea acapnopennella Clem. (Lep.).
Polyporus pargamenus Fries.
Cis curtula Csy.
Ennearthron thoracicorne Ziegl.
Euparius marmoreus Oliv.
Polyporus versicolor L.
Scaphidium 4-guttatum Say.
Megalodacne fasciata Fab.
Mycetophagus flexuosus Say.
Hister lecontei Mars.
Phenolia grossa Fab.
Tenebrioides corticalis Melsh.
Endecatomus rugosus Rand.
Cis fuscipes Mell.
Cis wenzeli Dury.
Xestocis levettei Csy.
Sulcacis lengi Dury.
Strigocis opacicollis Dury.
Octotemnus laevis Csy.
Octotemnus denudatus Csy.
Ennearthron oblongus Blatch.
Onthophagus hecate Panz.
Hoplocephala bicornis Oliv.
Hoplocephala viridipennis Fab.
Boletotherus bifurcus Fab.
Penthe obliquata Fab.
Weiss and West — Fungous Insects and Their Hosts. 13
Eustrophus bicolor Say.
Orchesia castanea Mels.
Eu partus marmoreus Oliv.
Polyporus hirsutus Wulf.
Hister lecontei Mars.
Cis fuscipes Mell.
Sulcacis lengi Dury.
Hoplocephala bicornis Oliv.
Euparius marmoreus Oliv.
Pseudotephritis vau Say (Dip.).
Polyporus dichrous Fries.
Hister lecontei Mars.
Ceracis sallei Mell.
Platydema ruficorne Sturm.
Euparius marmoreus Oliv.
Limnobia cinctipes Say (Dip.).
Sciara pauciseta Felt. (Dip.).
Polyporus borealis Fries.
Tinea cloacella Haw. (Lep.).
Polyporus chioneus Fries.
Mycotretus pulchra Say.
Stelidota octomaculata Say.
Polyporus albellus Peck.
Cercyon praetextatum Say.
Diaperis maculata Say.
Eustrophus bicolor Say.
Mycetophagus flexuosus Say.
Boletobius cinclus Grav.
Hister lecontei Mars.
Discobola argus Say (Dip.).
Polyporus galactinus Berk.
Mycetophagus flexuosus Say.
Polyporus cinnabarinus Jacq.
Cis wenzeli Dury.
Hoplocephala bicornis Oliv.
Cis cur tula Csy.
Polyporus lucidus Leys.
Megalodacne fasciata Fab.
Platydema ruficorne Sturm.
Boletotherus bifurcus Fab.
Leia bivittata Say (Dip.).
Polyporus curtisi Berk.
Ceracis sallei Mell.
14 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Polyporus tsugae Murrill.
Boletotherus bifurcus Fab.
Diaperis maculata Oliv.
Mycetophagns flexuosus Say.
Tinea cloacella Haw. (Lep.).
Leia bivittata Say (Dip.).
Polyporus graveolens Schw.
Colastus truncattis Rand.
Polyporus hispidus Bull.
Orchesia castanea Mels.
Polyporus gilvus Schw.
Scaphisoma repanda Csy.
Eucrada humeralis Mels.
Endecatomus rugosus Rand.
Brachycis brevicollis Csy.
Ceracis sallei Mell.
Sulcacis lengi Dury.
Ennearthron thoracicorne Ziegl.
Tenebrioides corticalis Melsh.
Platydema ellipticum Fab.
Ischyrus 4-punctatus Oliv.
Polyporus cuticularis Bull.
Megalodacne ulkei Crotch.
Rhipidandrus paradoxus Beauv.
Epuraea ovata Horn.
Ips quadriguttatus Oliv.
Fomes pinicola Swen.
Cis cylindrica Dury.
Aradus similis Say (Hemip.).
Fomes bakeri Murrill.
Brachycis brevicollis Csy.
Fomes fomentarius L.
Dorcatoma dresdensis Hbst.
Fomes igniarius L.
Brachycis brevicollis Csy.
Ceracis sallei Mell.
Tinea cloacella Haw. (Lep.).
Fomes lobatus Schw.
Ceracis sallei Mell.
Fomes applanatus Persoon.
Hemiptychus nigritulus Lee.
Xestocis levettei Csy.
Boletotherus bifurcus Fab.
Weiss and West— Fungous Insects and Their Hosts. 15
Fomes mannoratus.
Ennearthron compacta Dury.
Trametes suaveolens L.
Orchesia castanea Mels.
Daedalia unicolor Bull.
Ennearthron thoracicorne Ziegl.
Daedalia confragosa Bolton.
Mycetophagus pluriguttatus Lee.
Thymalus julgidus Er.
Eustrophns bicolor Say.
Daedalia quercina Linn.
Crosimus hirtus Csy.
Lenzites betulina Linn.
Attagenus piceus Oliv.
Cis fuscipes Mell.
Ceracis sallei Mell.
Sulcacis lengi Dury.
Ennearthron thoracicorne Ziegl.
Octotemnus laevis Csy.
Hoplocephala bicornis Oliv.
Orchesia castanea Mels.
Hybroma servulella Clem. (Lep.).
Leia bivittata Say. (Dip.).
Pseudotephritis vau Say (Dip.).
Lenzites saepiaria Fries.
Orchesia castanea Mels.
M or delta marginata Melsh.
Winnertzia, n. sp. (Dip.).
Poria, sp.
Ischyrus 4-punctatus Oliv.
Eustrophus bicolor Say.
Family Agaricaceae.
Schizophyllum commune Fries.
Endomychus biguttatus Say.
Pleurotus ostreatus Fries.
Pterostichus lucublandus Say.*
Necrophorus pustulatus Hersch. *
Staphylinus maculosus Grav.*
Oxyporus vittatus Grav.
Oxyporus lateralis Grav.
Oxyporus major Grav.
Oxyporus stygicus Say.
Tritoma thoracica Say.*
Tritoma flavicollis Lee.*
10 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Mycetophagus flexuosus Say.
Mycetophagus melsheimeri Lee.
Mycetophagus punctatus Say
Hister abbreviatus Fab.*
Hister interruptus Beauv. *
Nitidula bipunctata Linn.*
Phenolia grossa Fab.
Ips quadriguttatas Oliv
Rhipandrns paradoxus Beauv
Scotobates calcaratus Fab.*
Xylopinus saperdioides Oliv
Diaperis maculata Oliv.
Platydema subcostatum Lap.*
Boletotherus bifurcus Fab.*
Helops micans Fab.*
Tomoxia bidentata Say. *
Pleurotus sapidus Kalchb.
Megalodacne fasciata Fab.
Eustrophus bicolor Say.
Pleurotus ulmarius Fries.
Dacne 4-maculata Say.
Panus rudis.
Euparius marmoreus Oliv.
Cis hirsuta Csy.
Lentinus lepideus Fries.
Diaperis maculata Oliv.
Eustrophus bicolor Say.
Armillaria, sp.
Cyrophaena corruscula Er.
Tritoma bigultata Say.
Amanita, sp.
Philonthus cyanipennis Fab.
Tachinus fimbriatus Grav.
Collybia platyphylla Fries.
Philonthus cyanipennis Fab.
Tachinus pallipes Grav.
Tachinus fimbriatus Grav.
Pallodes pallidus Beauv.
Clitocybe illudens Schw.
Baeocera punctipennis Blatch.
Clitocybe robusta Peck.
Hister unicus Csy.
Weiss and West — Fungous Insects and Their Hosts. 17
Clitocybe maxima G. and M.
Boletobius cinctus Grav.
Tritoma humeralis Fab.
Diaperis maculata Oliv.
Russula, sp.
Pallodes pallidas Beau v.
Lactarius, sp.
Staphylinns fossator Grav.
Epuraea ovata Horn.
Naucoria, sp.
Oxyporus vittatus Grav.
Litargus didesmus Say.
Pholiota marginella.
Achorutes armatus Nicolet. (Thys.).
Pholiota, sp.
Oxyporus lateralis Grav.
Psilocybe spadicea Fries.
Pterostichus adoxus Say.
Oxyporus 5-maculatus Lee.
Order Lycoperdales.
Family Lycoperdaceae.
Lycoperdon pyriforme Schoef.
Lycoperdina ferruginea Lee.
Order Scxerodermatales.
Scleroderma vulgare Fr.
Caenocara oculata Say.
Table I summarizes the Coleoptera of the insect list. The 100 species
mentioned are distributed in twenty families of which the Staphylinidae ,
Cisidae and Tenebrionidae each furnish a comparatively large number.
This table also shows that most of the Staphylinidae were collected on
gill fungi and most of the Cisidae on polypores and that the members
of the other families appear to be equally at home on either group of
fungi.
18 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Table I
Family
Total
no.
species
on all
fungi.
No.
species
found on
polypores.
No.
species
found on
gill
fungi.
No.
species
on both.
On
puffballs.
Carabidae
2
1
1
14
3
5
9
6
1
6
8
2
4
1
17
3
10
4
2
1
2
Hydrophilidae
1
Silphidae
1
11
1
4
5
3
Staphylinidae
3
2
Scaphidiidae
Endomychidae
1
Erotylidae
3
2
1
3
3
2
3
1
15
2
4
3
1
1
1
Mycetophagidae.. . .
Dermestidae
Histeridae
3
2
Nitidulidae
3
Trogositidae
Ptinidae
1
Bostrychidae
Cisidae
1
1
4
1
Scarabaeidae
Tenebrionidae
2
1
Melandryidae
Mordellidae
1
Anthribidae
1
Totals
100
49
39
10
2
In the Polyporaceae, Polyporus versicolor appears to attract the most
species, 23 having been found associated with this form. However,
Polyporus gilvus, P. albellus, P. dichrous, P. hirsutus, P. betulinus, P.
berkleyi and Lenzites betulina, are also beetle favorites. In the Agara-
caceae, Pleurotus ostreatus was found to harbour 25 species. The 20 species
marked by an asterisk under the name of this fungus were found in a
single specimen on June 27 at Cornwall, Conn., by Mr. K. F. Chamber-
lain. The fact that this fungus is tougher and more persistent than
most other gill fungi may account for its being a favorite.
Many of the gill fungi are attacked as soon as they appear above ground,
while as a rule, the polypores may attain considerable growth, in fact
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920.
Plate 1.
i ^sr;
Weiss and West — Fungous Insects and Their Hosts. 19
many become full grown before becoming infested. Until additional
data are secured, it is unwise to proceed further in a discussion of the
relationship between insects and fleshy fungi or to draw any sweeping
conclusions.
Explanation of the Plate.
Fig. 1. Polyporus betulinus on birch.
Fig. 2. A section of Fomes applanatus.
Fig. 3. Polyporus lucidus, lower surface showing insect apertures.
Fig. 4. Polyporus versicolor, a favorite with the Coleoptera.
Fig. 5. Fomes igniarius, a section showing insect injury.
Vol. 33, pp. 21-22 July 24, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OP THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
A NEW UNSTALKKD CRINOID FROM THE
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
BY AUSTIN H. CLARK.
In a large collection of comatulids recently received at the
Museum of Comparative Zoology from the Philippine Islands,
Dr. Hubert Lyman Clark found two specimens of a new species
of Oligometrides related to the Australian 0. adeonce which he
has requested me to describe. It may be called
Oligometrides bellona, sp. nov.
Description. — Centrodorsal thin, discoidal, the dorsal pole flat or slightly
convex, about 2.5 mm. in diameter, studded with well spaced and evenly
distributed granular tubercles; within the circle of cirri is a more or less
complete circle of empty cirrus sockets each with a more or less hemi-
spherical median tubercle in the center.
Cirri XXIV, 21-23, about 13 mm. long; cirrus segments subequal, not
quite so long as broad; on the third the proximal border is broadly thick-
ened, this thickening on the fourth and following becoming a high trans-
verse ridge with a sharp, straight crest which on the segments in the outer
half of the cirri becomes, when the segments are viewed endwise, evenly
convex, then gradually gable-like, and on the antepenultimate reduced
to a single spine situated on the proximal edge of the segment; on some
of the middle and outer segments of certain cirri midway between the
proximal transverse ridge and the distal edge there is a transverse row of
minute tubercles representing the distal transverse ridge in 0. adeonce; these,
however, are not always present, and when present are inconspicuous.
Division series broad, thin, in lateral contact, the borders narrowly
flattened against those of the plates on either side and therefore straight;
synarthrial tubercles very prominent and sharp, slightly produced ; IIBr
series 2.
Arms 11 in number, about 100 mm. long, resembling those of 0. adeonce.
2— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (21)
>
22 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
The pinnules are essentially similar to those of 0. adeonce; Pi 13 mm.
long, rather stout, stiff, tapering evenly from the base to the tip, com-
posed of fifteen segments, all but the first of which are longer than broad,
the outer being about twice as long as broad; P2 similar to Pi, 16 mm.
long, but proportionately stouter and tapering more gradually, composed
of fifteen or sixteen segments, of which the first is broader than long, the
second is about as long as broad, and the following are longer than broad,
mostly about twice as long as broad; P3 similar to P2 and of the same
length or very slightly shorter, composed of fourteen or fifteen segments;
P4 similar to P3, 12 mm. long with fourteen segments; following pinnules
shorter and more flexible, with shorter segments; PB is 9 mm. long with
twelve segments; distal pinnules slender, 13 mm. long with twenty-two
segments.
Localities. — Southwest of Sorsogon Bay, Luzon. Philippine Islands
9-40 fathoms; cable repair ship "Rizal" (A. S. Day) September, 1912
(the-type-specimen, Cat. No. 705 M. C. Z.). Port Galera, Mindoro,
April-June 1912; L. E. Griffin (Cat. No. 706 M. C. Z.).
Vol. 33, pp. 23-24 July 24, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
NEW SPECIES OF SPIDER CRABS FROM THE STRAITS
OF FLORIDA AND CARIBBEAN SEA.1
BY MARY J. RATHBUN.
These species will be more fully described in a bulletin on
American spider crabs in preparation. The two species of
Mithrax belong to the group of M. hispidus2 in which the
carapace is broad-ovate and more or less lumpy and the mar-
ginal spines more or less complex, either with a secondary
spine or accessory tubercles.
Mithrax caribbaeus, sp. nov.
Holotype. — Adult male, Cat. No. 50363, United States National Museum.
Collected in the harbor of St. Thomas, West Indies, from piles near the
town, by C. R. Shoemaker, July 7, 1915, and given to the National Museum
by the Carnegie Institution.
Measurements. — Male holotype, total length of carapace 66.3 mm.,
width without spines 71.3 mm., with spines 78.4 mm.
Description. — On the postero-lateral margin there is a tubercle which
forms the outermost unit of a transverse row of three tubercles on the
dorsum, this row being subparallel to another anterior row of three tuber-
cles. Rostral sinus u-shaped, about as wide as each horn; horns longer
and less truncate than in M. hispidus. Two stout spines on anterior mar-
gin of arm. Crenulation of prehensile edges of fingers persisting in the
old.
Mithrax tortugae, sp. nov.
Holotype. — Immature female, Cat. No. 50442, United States National
Museum. Collected at the Tortugas, Florida, by W. H. Longley, 1917.
Measurements. — Female holotype, total length of carapace 19.7 mm.,
width without spines 22.1 mm., with spines 24.3 mm.
1 Published by permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
2 Cancer hispidus Herbst, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 1, 1790, p. 245, pi. 18,
fig. 100.
3— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (23)
24 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Description. — Carapace wider than in the allied species; no spine nor
tubercle present on the postero-lateral margin; above the margin a row
of two tubercles runs obliquely transversely backward from the spine
at the lateral angle; first two antero-lateral lobes rectangular. Rostral
sinus V-shaped, horns very wide. Two tubercles or blunt spines on an-
terior margin of arm.
Microphrys antillensis, sp. nov.
Holotype. — Male, Cat. No. 43017, United States National Museum.
Collected off Montego Bay Point, Jamaica, June 28, 1910, by Dr. E. A.
Andrews for the Museum.
Measurements. — Male holotype, total length of carapace 14 mm., length
of horns 2.4 mm., width of carapace without spines 10.5 mm., with spines
11.6 mm.
Description. — Two processes on the antero-lateral wall of the carapace,
the hepatic process having an anterior, outward-projecting tooth and the
branchial process not rimmed nor sharply defined. Two adjacent bran-
chial spines (paired), one near the lateral angle, the other in almost a
transverse line. No lobe on margin of basal antennal article behind the
antero-external spine.
Microphrys interruptus, sp. nov.
Holotype.— Male, Cat. No. 48753, United States National Museum.
Collected at Ensenada de Cajon, off Cape San Antonio, Cuba, Station 11,
May 22, 1914, by the Tomas Barrera Expedition, Henderson and Bartsch,
naturalists.
Measurements. — Male holotype, total length of carapace 10.7 mm.,
length of horns 1.4 mm., width of carapace without spines 8.2 mm., with
spines 8.4 mm.
Description. — The branchial region bears a high oblique elevation, divided
in two, the anterior part elongate and bilobed at summit, the posterior
part small and conical; in the same line is a stout, curved, sharp spine
at the lateral angle of carapace; a conical tubercle in transverse line with
the spine; a granulated, raised areole on either side of the cardiac region;
a finely granulated, depressed areole at inner angle of branchial region.
Cardiac and mesogastric regions nodulose; a transverse curve of 5 tuber-
cles across the gastric region. An arch of 4 tubercles above the posterior
margin; below it 2 smaller tubercles side by side. Carapace wider an-
teriorly than usual, orbits more tubular; preorbital tooth not produced.
Antero-lateral spine of basal article of antenna broad, flat, projecting
obliquely outward; it is followed on the outer margin by a tuberculiform
tooth; tubercle on ventral surface low, almost obsolete.
V ol. 33, pp. 25-32 July 24, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
UNUSUAL TYPES OF APPARENT GEOGRAPHIC VA-
RIATION IN COLOR AND OF INDIVIDUAL
VARIATION IN SIZE EXHIBITED
BY OSTINOPS DECUMANUS.1
BY FRANK M. CHAPMAN.
The identification of specimens of Ostinops decumanus from
the Urubamba region of Peru has led to the discovery that all
the specimens of this species in our collection from Peru and
Bolivia, and most of those from Matto Grosso, southwestern
Brazil, present a color character shown by only one of the
considerable number of specimens of this species which I have
seen from north of the Amazon.
Incidentally it was learned that the marked difference in
size shown by males of this species from the same locality,
which is apparently attributable to age, involves a striking
difference not alone in the length but in the shape of the wing.
The results of my studies of these two problems are presented
below. I have to thank Mr. W. E. Clyde Todd for the loan
of six specimens from Bolivia.
Variation in Color.
In general tone of color Ostinops decumanus shows but little variation
throughout its wide range. Specimens from west of the Andes in Colom-
bia and from Panama average blacker than those from east of the Andes
and the Colombian form has been described by Mr. W. E. Clyde Todd as
Ostinops decumanus melanterus (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXX, 1917, p.
3). Possibly the race may be valid, but I have been unable satisfactorily
to separate Colombian from Dutch Guiana specimens, as before remarked
(Bull. A. M. N. H., XXXVI, 1917, p. 624).
1 Published by permission of the Trustees of the American Museum of Natural
History.
4— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vox.. 33, 1920. (25)
26 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Specimens from Trinidad are said by Bangs and Penard to show an
excess of chestnut edgings to the feathers, particularly posteriorly, and
according to these authors (Bull. M. C. Z., LXIII, 1919, p. 38) should be
referred to Ostinops decumanus insularis Dalmas, of Tobago. Paria
Peninsula birds are also strongly margined with chestnut posteriorly, but
a Tobago male is darker and has as little chestnut as a male from Para-
maribo. (See also in this connection, Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., XIII, 1906,
p. 19.)
Bolivian specimens are intermediate between those from Colombia and
the Paria Peninsula and a series from Chapada, Matto Grosso, is of a
browner tone than those from Bolivia. Possibly several races, distin-
guished by such differences of degree as I have here briefly referred to,
may in time be recognized, but in the absence of adequate series from
Tobago, Trinidad, and the Guianas, I am not in a position to deal with
this phase of the subject.
The 108 specimens of Ostinops decumanus which I have examined, and
of which 102 are contained in our Museum collections, do show, how-
ever, that in southern Peru, Bolivia, and southwestern Brazil, this species
is subject to a variation of which a slight trace is shown by only one of
our 44 specimens from the Amazon northward.
In brief, this variation consists of the presence in varying numbers and
scattered more or less irregularly throughout the plumage of the body
and wing-coverts, of feathers which are wholly or in part yellow and
rarely white. Presented in a single individual, or even a number of indi-
viduals, such variation would be considered as pathological and termed
albinistic or xanthochroic. Dr. Allen, for example, in commenting on its
occurrence in a series of birds from Matto Grosso said: "It is evidently
an abnormality analagous to albinism." When, however, it is exhibited
by a large proportion of the birds from a wide area and by every bird in
a large series from an extended area, it presumably cannot be considered
as adventitious but is apparently the result of a cause or causes which
are or have been operative over an extensive region. Whether this varia-
tion may be attributed to environmental influences, past or present, to
atavism or to mutation, I am unable even to surmise; it is, however,
clearly not individual, but apparently racial, and as such, in spite of its
variability and unlikeness to those differentiations of degree which are
so commonly associated with climate, the birds occupying the area in
which it occurs should, in my opinion, be distinguished by name from
those inhabiting a region in which this variation is practically unknown
Hence, as a means of giving a "handle to this fact," I suggest naming the
form of Ostinops decumanus found in southern Peru, Bolivia and Matto
Grosso, of southwestern Brazil,
Ostinops decumanus maculosus, new subspecies.
Subspecific characters. — Similar to Ostinops decumanus decumanus (Pall.),
but averaging smaller and with a shorter bill, the general tone of colora-
tion browner and with a variable number of feathers wholly or in part
Chapman — Variation in Ostinops Decumanus. 27
yellow, less frequently yellowish white and rarely white, distributed ir-
regularly through the plumage of the body and wing-coverts.
Type.— No. 138547, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., d" ad., Yungas (alt. 3600
ft.), Prov. Cochabamba, June 3, 1915; Miller and Boyle.
Consideration of Material Examined.
Bolivia. — Yungas, alt. 3600 ft., Prov. Cochabamba, 5 o* d\ 5 9 9
Locotal, alt. 5800 ft., Prov. Cochabamba, 2 9 9; Todos Santos, alt
1300 ft., Prov. Cochabamba, 2 cT cT ; Mission San Antonio, Rio Chimore
Prov. Cochabamba, 1 c? ; Tres. Arroyas, Rio Espiritu Santo, 1 d71 ; Beni
River, 1 cf ; Buenavista, Prov. Sara, 2 c71 o71 ; Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 1 cf
Puerto Suarez, Brazilian boundary, 3 9 9-
The singular character which, chiefly, distinguishes this proposed race,
is evidently most highly developed in the territory at the base of the
Andes in Bolivia (Yungas, Locotal, Todos Santos, Buenavista, Santa
Cruz). Every one of twenty-one specimens (13 males, 8 females) from
this region is more or less conspicuously marked with feathers in whole
or part yellow, yellowish white, or rarely white. The specimen selected
as type, for example, has yellow or yellow-tipped feathers in the nape,
scapulars, interscapulars, greater coverts of the left wing, rump, throat,
breast and abdomen. In all there are some sixty feathers of this char-
acter.
In a varying degree all the remaining twenty-one specimens in this
series exhibit similar characters', which are apparently more highly devel-
oped in the male than in the female. Of thirteen males, twelve have
yellow or partly yellow feathers in the scapulars or inner tertials on both
sides. There is here, therefore, a degree of symmetry in this marking
which does not, however, obtain in connection with the yellow feathers
of the body plumage.
Three females from Puerto Suarez, some 350 miles east of Santa Cruz
de la Sierra, on the Brazilian boundary, exhibit the browner tone of colora-
tion which appears to characterize the Matto Grosso birds, but a single
yellow-tipped feather on the breast of one is the only evidence shown of
the type of marking which forms the subject of this paper.
Peru. — (Rio Cosireni, 3000 ft., lower Urubamba region, 1 c? ; Chauillay,
Urubamba Canon, 1 o71.) The Rio Cosireni specimen has yellow or
yellow-tipped feathers in the nape, back, scapulars, rump, throat, breast,
flanks, and tibiae. In the Chauillay bird they appear only in the lower
breast and abdomen. These two birds, unfortunately the only ones
available from Peru, indicate the disappearance of the "pied" character
as one advances northward. Toward the east, from what appears to be
its center of highest development, Yungas, Bolivia, it persists more
strongly, as shown by a large series from Matto Grosso.
Southwestern Brazil. — Chapada, Matto Grosso, 16 o71 cf, 13 9 9; Uru-
cum, near Corumba, Matto Grosso, 2 d" o71 ; 2 9 9 .) This series of thirty-
three specimens exhibits as a whole a certain brownish tone which dis-
tinguishes it from all our remaining specimens of the species. Possibly
28 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
the color may be in part attributable to the age of a large part of our
specimens (collected at Chapada, in 1882-85), though it is exhibited in
a degree by specimens collected at Puerto Suarez in 1908, and at Urucum
in 1913. However, I should prefer seeing a large series of freshly collected
birds before commenting further on their general colorations. These
birds further differ from our other specimens in being smaller, with shorter
bills, presenting, indeed, in these respects, the minimum measurements
of our entire series.
We are, however, here concerned chiefly with the extent to which this
series of birds shows the "pied" character which distinguishes our series
from Bolivia. Thus, seventeen of eighteen males, and nine of the fifteen
females are marked with feathers in whole or in part yellow. The feathers
are never as numerous as they are in our birds from the Andean region
of Bolivia, and it is evident that the pied character is disappearing. This,
it seems to me, is less surprising than that it should be present in so large
a percentage of the specimens in a region over four hundred miles from
what appears to be the region of its greatest development.
Amazon River (Solimoes, near Manaos, 1 cf ; Santarem, 3 <? d" ; Rio
•Tocantins, 1 9 ; Marajo, 1 o71). — These specimens are obvious inter-
grades between what may be loosely called the northern and southern
forms. In general black tone of color they are nearer the former, in
size they are fairly intermediate, while four of the six birds exhibit traces
of the pied markings found in most of our southern specimens. The
Solimoes bird has a single breast-feather broadly tipped with yellow,
and of the three Santarem birds, one has three breast-feathers, the other,
one narrowly fringed with yellow. The Marajo bird has one yellow
feather and one broadly tipped with yellow on the breast. On the whole,
these Amazon birds are to be referred to decumanns rather than to macn-
losus.
North of the Amazon (Dutch Guiana, 3 cTc71; British Guiana, 1 d\
1 9 ; Tobago, 1 d" ; Venezuela, 6 d" d" ; Ecuador, 1 d\ 1 9 ; Colombia,
6- o"d\ 11 9 9; Panama, 10 d1 d\ 3 9 9).— As before stated, lack of
adequate topotypical material prohibits a report on the variation of these
specimens inter se and I consider them here only with regard to the pied
marking which characterizes the southern form.
Of the forty-four specimens here listed only one shows any evidence of
this marking, a male from Cristobal Colon, Paria Peninsula, Venezuela,
having one breast-feather lightly fringed and one almost imperceptibly
margined with paler yellow. It is therefore the practical absence of these
yellow feathers north of the Amazon as well as their presence south of the
Amazon, which indicates that they constitute a character of racial value.
Variation in Size.
Examination of the measurements of a considerable number of speci-
mens, shows that while females from the same locality present a com-
paratively small range of variation in size, the males vary widely. Fur-
Chapman — Variation in Ostinops Decuman us. 29
ther study indicates that the variation in size in the male is apparently
attributable primarily to age, and that this fact must be given due con-
sideration in selecting material to determine the geographical variations
of the species in size.
Variation with age. — In a series of seven males from Colombia, it was
found that in birds which appeared to be mature, the wing varied from 199
to 249, the tail from 167 to 210 mm. in length. Twelve Bolivian males
showed a corresponding variation of 199 to 245 and 157 to 193 mm., and
in eleven males from Chapada, Matto Grosso, these measurements were,
respectively, 195 to 239 and 156 to 188 mm. It appears that the varia-
tions in the length of the wing are due chiefly to the greater length of
the primaries, while those in the tail are mainly attributable to the greater
length of the yellow feathers. The wing variation is of a nature to create
a decided difference in the shape of the wing, the longer wings being
"pointed" with considerable difference in the relative length of the outer
primaries, the shorter wings being more "rounded" and with the outer
primaries more nearly equal in length. The difference between the two
types of wings would commonly be called generic in character.
Although it is not usual to find such a pronounced variation between
first winter birds and those fully adult, it seems probable that the birds
with comparatively short wings and tail are first winter birds, those hav-
ing longer, pointed wings being mature birds. Furthermore, the fact
that both wings and tail in Ostinops are to some extent secondary sexual
characters, being used in the remarkable display which this bird makes
in the breeding season, may make them in a measure subject to such
variation in development as is shown by crests, ruffs, spurs and other
secondary sexual characters.
The accompanying figures, illustrating the wings of birds from both
Colombia and Matto Grosso, make a detailed description of this variation
unnecessary, but attention may be called to the marked difference in the
width and outline of the outer web of the third and, especially, fourth
primaries (from without).
Geographical Variation. — Using only material which appears to be
comparable as regards age, our series indicates that maximum size in
Ostinops decumanus, especially in the bill, is reached in the Paria Penin-
sula, of Venezuela; minimum size in the Province of Matto Grosso, Brazil,
where the culmen in seven birds averages 56.1 mm., as compared with
71 mm. in three birds from the Paria Peninsula. Colombia birds agree in
length of wing and tail with those from the Paria Peninsula, but specimens
from Chiriqui, at the northern limit of the bird's range, are somewhat
smaller.
Males seem to show greater geographic, as well as greater individual
variation than females. The results of the study of our material may
be briefly summarized in the following :
Wingfof first winter bird. No. 32807, Wing of adult bird. No. 32814, A.
A. M. N. H., d\ Chapada, Matto Grosso, m. N. H., d\ Chapada, Matto Grosso,
Brazil, Feb. 26, 1885; H. H. Smith. Brazil, Aug. 14, 1882; H. H. Smith.
Wing of first winter bird. No. 134528, Wing of adult bird. No. 113186, A.
A. M. N. H., cf , Peque, Antioquia, Co- M. N. H., o", Rio Frio, Cauca, Colom-
lombia, Feb. 4, 1915; Miller and Boyle, bia, Nov. 24, 1911; A. A. Allen and
Leo E. Miller.
Wings of Male Ostinops decumanus, to show Outer Primaris.
(Reduced.)
Note short outer primaries and "rounded" wings of birds in first winter
plumage and long outer primaries and pointed wing of adult birds.
Chapman — Variation in Ostinops Decumanus.
31
Conclusions.
First. — Practically all male, and most female specimens of Ostinops
decumanus from south of the Amazon exhibit a varying number of feathers
which in whole or part are yellow, yellowish and rarely white. The pres-
ence of these feathers produces a pied appearance which in an individual
specimen would be considered abnormal, but which in the present in-
stance seems to be of racial significance.
Second. — This pied character is practically absent north of the Amazon.
Third. — Ostinops decumanus reaches its maximum size in northern
South America from northeastern Venezuela to Colombia; its minimum
size at the southern limit of its range. Specimens from the northern
limit of the bird's range are intermediate in size but nearer those from
Colombia.
Fourth. — Males are more variable in size, both individually and geo-
graphically, than females.
Fifth. — The wings and tail in adult males vary markedly both in size
and shape from those of less mature birds, the difference being in part
due to age, in part to sexual causes.
Sixth. — The species may be further divided into geographic forms based
upon degrees of difference in general coloration, but the material at hand
does not warrant definite expression of opinion in this connection.
Measurements of Adult Males.
Locality.
Chiriqui, Pan. ... (5)
Colombia (5)
Paria Pen., Ven. .(3)
Tobago (1)
British Guiana. . . (1)
Dutch Guiana.. . . (1)
Marajo, Brazil. . .(1)
Santarem, Brazil. (1)
Solimoes, Brazil. .(1)
Napo, Ecuador.... (1)
Bolivia (9)
Chapada, Brazil.. (7)
Wing.
218-231; av.
228-249; av.
231-241; av.
201
201
233
218
224
228
247
222-245; av.
205-239; av.
229
237
234
230
220
Tail.
184-200; av. 192
188-210; av. 195
195-198; av. 196
186
177
183
167
173
182
212
156-193; av. 180
165-181; av. 173
Cultnen.
60-64; av. 62.2
63-66; av. 64 J
70.5-71 ;av. 71.0
65
61.5
64
60
58
58
65
56.5-62; av. 59.4
54-59.5; av. 56.1
Vol. 33, pp. 33-34 July 24, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
3f the
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW CLAPPER RAIL FROM
FLORIDA.
BY HARRY C. OBERHOLSER.
A clapper rail obtained by Dr. Paul Bartsch on his recent
trip to the Florida Keys proves to belong to an undescribed
race which may be called
Rallus longirostris helius, subsp. nov.
Mangrove Clapper Rail.
Chars, subsp. — Similar to Rallus longirostris scotti from western Florida
but much lighter both above and below, the edgings on the upper parts
much less olivaceous (more clearly grayish).
Description. — Type, adult male, No. 255254, U. S. National Museum;
sixth key in the Newfound Harbor group, southwest of Big Pine Key,
Florida, May 12, 1919; Dr. Paul Bartsch. Pileum olive brown, the cen-
ters of the feathers darker; hind neck between Saccardo's umber and
sepia, mixed with grayish feather edgings, which posteriorly impart a
streaked appearance; back and scapulars with the feathers centrally sepia,
marginally clear gray; rump and upper tail-coverts sepia with broad, dull,
olive gray feather margins; tail between olive brown and fuscous, the
shafts of the rectrices clove brown; wings dark olive brown, the outer and
inner edges of the quills lighter, the superior coverts still lighter and
inclining to cinnamon, the inner coverts washed with grayish; outer web
of outermost feather of alula mottled and partly edged with pale cinnamon ;
sides of head rather dark neutral gray, the lores darker and more brown-
ish, the supraloral stripe and line on the lower eyelid dull white; sides of
neck light neutral gray washed with buffy, posteriorly darker, less purely
gray and indistinctly streaked with dull brown; chin and throat white;
malar stripe pale ochraceous buff; center of jugulum and whole of breast,
between pinkish buff and pinkish cinnamon, the middle of breast paler;
abdomen dull, buffy white; sides of body and flanks rather dark brownish
gray, broadly barred with white; lower tail-coverts white, widely barred
5— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (33)
34 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
with dark brownish gray; lining of wing rather dark hair brown, outwardly
washed with rusty, and narrowly barred with white; thighs anteriorly
dull white, posteriorly mouse gray. Wing, 147 mm.; tail, 64; exposed
culmen, 62; tarsus, 50; middle toe without claw, 45.
This interesting new rail is in color between Rallus longirostris crepitans
and Rallus longirostris waynei, although it is smaller than either. It is
apparently confined to the Florida Keys, although it possibly may ex-
tend to the adjacent mainland. Its northeastern distribution yet remains
to be determined.
Vol. 33, pp. 35-36 July 24, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
NOTES ON THE LIFE HISTORY OF EUREMA LISA
(BOISDUVAL AND LECONTE).
BY ARETAS A. SAUNDERS.
The notes on which this paper is based were made nineteen
years ago. I have withheld them from publication mainly
because of the fact that when they were made I was but a boy
in high school, knowing nothing of how such things might be
published. Since then my interests have been ornithological
rather then entomological, and the notes have lain almost
forgotten among a stack of other papers. Having recently un-
earthed them, and being convinced of their accuracy and im-
portance, I venture to submit them.
Discussing the life history of the Little Sulphur Butterfly (Eurema lisa)
Scudder, after giving his experiences in raising it, says:1 "It scarcely
seems possible that the earliest produce of the second brood can reach
maturity in season out-of-doors to give birth to butterflies before such
cold frosty nights would come as would kill the newly emerged butter-
flies. Still it would appear that it is probably by this small chance of
life that this butterfly maintains its foothold in the warmer nooks of
New England." That this probability is fact, and that the chances are
greater than Scudder supposed, are the points which I believe my notes
reveal.
On August 10, 1900, at New Haven, Conn., I followed a female Little
Sulphur as it laid its eggs, and secured eight of the latter. They had
been laid on leaves of the Partridge Pea (Cassia Chamaecrista) . I up-
rooted a small plant, with one of the eggs on it, took it home and potted
it, that my caterpillars might have fresh food. I placed the plant and
eggs on the sill of an open window, where they might have conditions
as much like out-of-doors as possible, and proceeded to watch them and
i Everyday Butterflies, pp. 349-350.
6— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (35)
36 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
keep notes. I did not use a breeding cage, but left the plant entirely
open, trusting that my caterpillars would not leave the food plant. Five
of the eight were lost when so small that it was difficult to follow their
movements, but the other three grew to maturity, passed through all
stages and became butterflies.
The eggs hatched August 13, three days from the time they were laid.
The caterpillars hung for the chrysalis August 28 and 29, and the chrys-
alids were formed August 29 and 30, after fifteen to sixteen days in the
caterpillar stage. The chrysalids showed first change of color on September
2 and 3, and the butterflies emerged September 4 and 5, after only seven
days in the chrysalis. These periods are all remarkably shorter than
those given by Scudder who gives for the egg, six days; for the caterpillar,
one month; and for the chrysalis, thirty to thirty-eight days.
The conditions under which the caterpillars grew were, I believe, very
nearly natural ones. The caterpillars were kept on the sill of an open,
though screened window, on the south side of the house, where they
obtained sunshine during the greater part of the day. When the chrys-
alids were formed I moved them, and fastened them to the wall of the
room a few feet from the open window. There was no artificial heat
in the room, and none in the house except a kitchen stove on the floor be-
low, and on the opposite side of the house. The weather, during the
time of the egg stage, was unusually hot. I have no notes or memory
on weather conditions during the rest of the time.
At the time my butterflies emerged from their chrysalids, butterflies
of this species were still flying out-of-doors, and caterpillars only a few
days old were easily found. I believe that the earlier butterflies of the
second brood to appear, can and do produce a third brood, which comes
early in September; that this brood appears while the second brood is
still flying; and that it is through these earlier butterflies that the species
is able to exist in southern New England. The differences in the time
occupied by the early stages, shown when Scudder's observations are
compared with mine, is simply due to weather conditions. Those in-
sects that pass through the early stages in mid-August encounter decidedly
warm weather, while those that wait until late August and September
meet colder conditions and develop more slowly.
Vol. 33, pp. 37-40 July 24, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OE THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
TWO NEW SPIROBOLOID DIPLOPODS FROM
AUSTRALIA.
BY RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN.
A diplopod collected in California on Stag-Horn Fern from
Australia and sent to me for identification by H. L. Sanford,
of the Federal Horticultural Board, appears to be an unde-
scribed species representative of a new genus. In the same
genus apparently falls a second undescribed species repre-
sented in the collections of the Museum of Comparative
Zoology by a female taken at Southerland, New South Wales,
Australia, by Prof. W. M. Wheeler. The new genus is nearest
to Spirobolellus, species of which occur commonly in the Aus-
tralian and East Indian regions.
Strophobolus, gen. nov.
In general resembling Spirobolellus but differing in the structure of the
male gonopods. The ventral plate of the anterior pair strongly trian-
gularly narrowed distad, the distal end subacutely rounded, not incised
as in Spirobolellus. The coxal pieces of anterior gonopods broad at base,
narrowing to middle and with distal part of nearly uniform width or a
little clavately widening, truncate. Telopodite narrowest at middle,
distally much broader than coxa beyond which it much extends, bent
mesad, the two members in contact at median line in genotype, the dis-
tal edges being long and straight. Posterior gonopod plate-like, narrow-
est at middle above which subclavate and at end truncate; two short,
spinous projections close together and just proximad of the distomesal
angle. Each segment with encircling furrows as in Spirobolellus, lacking
a true sulcus, the pore on metazonal region. Clypeal foveolae 4 + 4 or
5 + 5.
Genotype. — Strophobolus immigrans, sp. nov.
7— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (37)
38 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Strophobolus immigrans, sp. nov.
Dorsum with a broad longitudinal stripe of orange color geminate by
a narrow median black stripe and limited laterally by the black of each
side. Venter yellow of orange cast, the light color extending part way
up the side on each metazonite. Collum black, the median region with
obscurely lighter areolations as common in related forms. Legs yellow-
ish of slight orange cast. Antennae dusky over a fulvous ground.
Vertigial sulcus weak, in a slight depression. Sulcus again evident
over lower part of clypeus. Antennae short; sensory cones four. Ocelli
numerous, distinct, in five sub vertical series, e. g., 9, 9, 9, 6, 2.
Collum narrowed down each side, each end rounded. Margined be-
low and up the front but otherwise not striate. Second tedgite not ex-
tending below its level and not produced beneath it. This segment
strongly striate beneath like the following ones.
Segments in general with the encircling furrow rather deep and dis-
tinct. Pore widely removed from the furrow. Truly longitudinally stri-
ate only beneath but prozonite with weaker lines curving forward and
upward from the furrow on the sides. Particularly in the dorsal region
with lunate and semicircular impressions along the furrow or near it,
their concavities mostly caudad. Metazonites smooth.
Anal tergite caudally rounded, not at all projecting, the valves extend-
ing beyond it. Valves with mesal borders bulging, rounded, not at all
marginate.
In the male the coxae of the third to seventh pairs of legs flattened and
extended ventrad in low, rounded or subconical elevations.
Number of segments (cf), forty-four.
Length, near 20 mm.; width, 2 mm.
In addition to the type, an adult male, there is an immature individual
of twenty-seven segments and a length of 8.5 mm. Its coloration is
nearly as in the adult.
Strophobolus australianus, sp. nov.
A larger and more robust form than the preceding. Coloration nearly
the same, the body being conspicuously marked by a longitudinal dorsal
stripe of orange color divided by a median black line. Sides black, less
encroached upon by the light color from below than in immigrans.
Sulcus distinct across vertex and again over the clypeus, on the latter
more sharply impressed. Antennae very short, Clypeal foveolae 4 + 4.
Ocelli larger and fewer than in the genotype, in four series, e. g., 8, 7, 7, 5.
Collum nearly as in preceding species. Second tergite extending below it.
Segments with longitudinal striae beneath and a little way up each
side, farther than in the preceding form, these striae on lower part of
sides extending through furrow and then curving forward and upward.
On the upper part of the sides the striae begin at or in the furrow and
then curve similarly forward and upward. Prozonite marked on dorsum
Chamberlin — Spiroboloid Diplopods from Australia. 39
by numerous lunate and semicircular impressions in and along and also
in front of the furrow, being more abundant than in immigrans and also
rather more pronounced.
Anal segment as in the preceding form, but the valves rather less
convex.
Number of segments ( 9 ), forty-seven.
Length, 31 mm.; width, 2.7 mm.
Locality.— Australia: N. S. W.: Southerland. (Prof. W. M. Wheeler,
September 14, 1914.) Type, M. C. Z., 4,842.
Vol. 33, pp. 41-44 July 24, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
A NEW DIPLOPOD FROM TEXAS AND A NEW
CHILOPOD FROM ALASKA.
BY RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN.
In a miscellaneous lot of myriopods sent to me for identi-
fication by E. W. Nelson, chief of the Bureau of Biological
Survey, appear two previously undescribed forms, one a Geo-
philus from Alaska, and the other a second species of the
genus Ethojulus, recently established by the writer for a Loui-
sianan species, E. amphelictus Chamb.1 In publishing descrip-
tions of these new forms it seems worth while to list the other
species in the lot for the sake of the records.
Diplopoda.
1. Fontaria virginiensis (Drury).
One immature female taken at Falls Church, Va., 24 August, 1919, by
L. O. Jackson.
2. Polydesmus serratus Say.
Two adult males and one female taken at Painesville, Ohio, September,
1918, by E. R. Kalmbach.
3. Parajulus impressus Say.
One male taken from the crop of a lesser yellow-legs, Totanus flavipes
(Gmel.) at Washington, D. C, 31 August, 1893.
4. Parajulus, sp.
An incomplete specimen taken at Lake Wanitha, McHenry, North
Dakota, 22 August, 1917, by D. C. Mabbott.
5. Ethojulus cyaneus, sp. nov.
The general color typically obscure dark blue with a narrow pale stripe
across each metazonite; anal segment and especially the head, collum and
1 Canadian Entomologist, Nov., 1918, p. 361.
8— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (4l)
42 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
the second and third segments contrasting in being of dark brown or
chestnut color wholly lacking the blue tinge. Legs brown or chestnut.
Antennae darker brown. Under the lens the collum shows the usual
light areolations as do the second and third tergites and the vertex of
head. The usual darker band between eyes enclosing two lighter spots
below at level of antennae. Clypeal region lighter.
In the female the collum is narrowed down each side. In the male
it is much elongate as usual in Parajulus, with the lower margin on each
side long and straight. The middorsal length about equalling the com-
bined length of the next two and a half or three segments when not
coiled. Margined below and up the anterior corner but otherwise not
striate. Second tergite in the female extending below level of collum
with anterior edge lowest; but in the male the lower edge of the second
tergite is straight and on a level with that of the collum.
Second tergite above lower edge with typically four longitudinal striae
and a shorter isolated one farther dorsad, this more pronounced on the
third tergite. On the following segments the number of striae increases,
the series extending halfway up the side but not attaining the level of
the pore by a considerable space. These longitudinal striae deep, cross-
ing only the metazonite. On the prozonite in front of them are
fewer striae, similarly pronounced, which curve dorsad and cross the dor-
sum as transverse striae normally mostly covered by the preceding meta-
zonite in each case. Segmental suture strongly marked, conspicuously
angled at level of pore which lies in line with its straight portion.
Anal tergite acutely produced beyond the valves behind, the cauda
straight. Anal valves not margined.
Legs in general rather long and slender.
In the male the first legs are enlarged and strongly crassate, the meta-
tarsus long and straight, flattened beneath. Second legs of the male re-
duced ; the coxae enlarged and produced forward in a slender, linguiform,
straight process which extends to the gnathochilarium, slightly narrowing
distad.
Cardo of mandibles in the male strongly produced ventrad, the process
subacute below, attaining level of edge of labrum.
The gonopods have the general configuration of those of E. amphelictus.
First branch of anterior pair of ordinary texture, narrowly ovate above
the constricted base, strongly setose. Second branch strongly chitinous
and smooth, a broad thin plate at base abruptly narrowing into a slender
blade which extends ventrad with weakly sigmoidal or sinuous flexure,
distally bending abruptly mesad and then caudad; without processes or
spurs. The posterior gonopods are broad blades curving forward in con-
tact with body, then ventrad and finally at ends mesad toward each
other; secondary spur or blade of each extending straight ventrad, slender
and acute, long, much as in amphelictus.
Number of segments, fifty-four (male type).
Length about 45 mm.; width, 2.8 mm.
Chamberlin — A New Diplopod and Chilopod. 43
Locality. — Texas: Bay City. A. Wetmore coll., 1 January, 1918.
Obviously different in coloration from the genotype in its dark blue
color and the lack of contrast between dorsum and lower part of sides
and venter, and the lack of pronounced pattern. It differs very clearly
in the details of the gonopods of the male; e. g., in the spur to the pos-
terior blades of the first pair, with distal ends extending mesad instead
of first mesad and then abruptly caudad, and in the much broader pos-
terior blades at distal ends bending mesad toward each other instead of
caudad, etc.
6. Spirobolus marginatus (Say).
Two females taken at Painesville, Ohio, 1 September, 1918, by E. R.
Kalmbach.
Chilopoda.
7. Hemiscolopendra punctiventris (Newport).
One specimen taken on James Island, South Carolina, 6 April, 1919,
by E. R. Kalmbach.
8. Geophilus ethopus, sp. nov.
Color fulvous of a slight orange tinge toward ends.
Cephalic plate broad, but little longer than wide (about 11 :01). Widest
half-way between middle and anterior end. Anterior border very obtusely
angular. Caudal margin wide, truncate or very slightly excurved. No
frontal suture. Rather coarsely and densely punctate.
Prebasal plate not exposed, the basal plate being overlapped by the
cephalic. Exposed portion of basal plate with width four and a fourth
times the median length. Claws of prehensors when closed about equal-
ling anterior margin of head. Prosternum and joints of prehensors un-
armed.
Dorsal plates bisulcate, the sulci rather wide and shallow, posteriorly
indistinct.
Anterior sternites with a deep median longitudinal sulcus, becoming
shallower in going caudad, not obvious in middle and posterior regions.
First spiracles large, subcircular, being somewhat angled. All other
spiracles strictly circular, the second ones abruptly much smaller than
the first, the decrease in size of the others being very gradual in going
caudad.
First legs only a little shorter and more slender than the second. Legs
of anterior region in general much shorter than those of the posterior
region.
Last ventral plate narrow, parallel-sided, much longer than wide (about
3:2); caudal margin straight or a little incurved. Coxopleurae with
numerous small and moderate pores.
Anal legs of male conspicuously crassate, the last two articles rather
abruptly less so than the others. Armed with a small straight claw.
Pairs of legs of male type, forty-one.
Length, 35 mm.
Locality. — Alaska: Iditarod, June, 1918, collected by A. H. Twitchell.
44 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Geophihis alaskanus Cook, described from Sitka, Alaska, is a somewhat
similar species. It differs in its deeper, Linotaenia-like coloration, in hav-
ing the last ventral plate trapeziform and nearly as wide as long, in the
fewer coxopleural pores, more numerous legs, smaller first legs, and in having
the anal legs of male not truly crassate with claws of nearly normal size.
9. Gosibius arizonensis Chamberlin.
One adult female taken at Flagstaff, Arizona, 7 October, 1916, D. A.
Gilchrist.
10. Ezembius stejnegeri (Bollman).
One specimen apparently this species, taken in the Iditarod region,
Alaska, 27 July, 1917, A. H. Twitchell.
11. Neolithobius mordax (Koch).
A male taken at Bay City, Texas, 1 January, 1918, by A. Wetmore.
12. Neolithobius, sp.
Two specimens were taken from the crop of an eared grebe, Colymbus
nigricollis calif ortticus (Brehm), collected at St. Xavier, Montana, 31
May, 1917. They are in too poor a condition for certain identification.
Vol. 33, pp. 45-54 - July 24, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
NINE NEW PLANTS OF THE GENUS STYLOSANTHES.
BY S. F. BLAKE.
Since the publication in 18901 of Taubert's excellent mono-
graph of the leguminous genus Stylosanthes, in which 22 species
were described, only three new species have been added to the
genus. In the present paper, based on a study of the material
in the U. S. National Herbarium, nine new species are de-
scribed, one from Florida, three from Mexico, one from the
Bahamas and Cuba, and one each fron Venezuela, Ecuador,
Brazil and Paraguay. The arrangement of species and nomen-
clature of the parts of the inflorescence follow in essentials
Taubert's monograph ("prophyllum" = bractlet; "seta plu-
mosa" = axis rudiment).
Section Styposanthes.
Stylosanthes gloiodes, sp. nov.
Base not seen; stems suffrutescent, branched, 2 dm. long and more,
densely short-hispid-pilose with ascending or spreading tuberculate-based
hairs and extremely viscid; leaves mostly much shorter than the inter-
nodes, 3-foliolate; sheaths of the stipules 6 to 7 mm. long, pubescent and
viscid like the stem, the teeth lance-subulate, strongly 1 -nerved, 2.5 to 4
mm. long; petioles 2.5 to 4 mm. long, similarly pubescent and viscid, the
rachis 1 mm. long; leaflets subsessile, elliptic, 7 to 14 mm. long, 2 to 4 mm.
wide, acutish, mucronate, rounded at base, firm, entire, deep dull green,
loosely and rather sparsely pilose above, tuberculate-hispidulous-ciliate on
margin, beneath rather densely and loosely crisped-pilose, densely hispidu-
lous with glandular-tuberculate-based hairs, viscid, the 3 to 5 pairs of veins
whitish and prominent beneath, scarcely forming a submarginal nerve;
spikes oblong, about 12-flowered, 10 to 14 mm. long, usually aggregated
1 Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 32: 1-34. 1890.
9— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (45)
46 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
by twos or threes at tips of branches, densely short-hispid-pilose and vis-
cid; primary bracts unifoliolate, densely tuberculate-hispidulous and some-
what hispid-pilose, viscid, the rather broad sheaths 4 to 6.5 mm. long,
the triangular cuspidate-mucronate teeth 3 to 4.5 mm. long, the petiolulate
elliptic leaflet 6 mm. long or less; secondary bract 1, 4 to 4.5 mm. long,
bifid, ciliate above, the lobes lanceolate, acuminate; axis rudiment absent in
the upper flowers, present in the lowest as a slender awn 2 mm. long, pilose
below; bractlets 2, lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate above, 3.6 to 4 mm.
long; calyx 10 mm. long (including the glabrous 6.5 mm. long stipe-like
base), the lowest lobe of the limb short-pointed, ciliate and pilose dor-
sally, the others blunt and merely ciliate; flowers, yellow; banner broadly
obovate, 7 mm. long, 6 mm. wide; whole fruit 8.5 mm. long, the lower
joint fertile, turbinate-obovate, compressed, 3 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide,
rather densely pilose, 1-nerved on the sides and somewhat reticulate, the
upper joint oval-oblong, 4 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, evenly but not densely
pilosulous, strongly 1-nerved and reticulate laterally, the incurved gla-
brate stoutish beak 1.5 mm. long.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 534322, collected at Caria-
manga, Ecuador, altitude 2290 meters, November 24, 1910, by C. H. T.
Townsend (no. A57).
This species evidently belongs in the section Styposanthes, but devi-
ates somewhat from the typical members of that group in the absence of
the axis rudiment or "seta plumosa" in all but the lowest flower of the
spike, a feature already noticed by Taubert in his S. sympodialis and in
another member of this section. 5. gloiodes is easily distinguished among
the species of Styposanthes by its viscosity and the character of its pod.
Stylosanthes plicata, sp. nov.
Stems solitary, frutescent below, 2.7 to 4.2 dm. long, with numerous
short, erect branches, glabrate below, above densely pilosulous with loose
hairs, glandular-dotted, and more sparsely hispidulous with tuberculate-
based ascending hairs; leaves of the branchlets crowded, 3-foliolate; sheaths
of the stipules pubescent like the stem, 4 to 6 mm. long, the teeth subulate,
2 to 4 mm. long; petioles similarly pubescent, 2 to 4 mm. long, the rachis
1 mm. long; leaflets subsessile, elliptic, 5 to 8 mm. long, 1.5 to 2 mm. wide,
mucronate, rounded at base, usually plicate and somewhat falcate, above
sparsely spreading-pubescent, tuberculate-hispidulous-ciliate, beneath
rather densely spreading-pilosulous and stipitate-glandular, more sparsely
tuberculate-hispidulous, the 3 to 5 pairs of veins prominent beneath ; spikes
oblong or ovoid, 8 to 13 mm. long, about 10-flowered, often aggregated
in twos or threes at tips of branches or in the axils; primary bracts pubes-
cent like the stem and ciliate, unifoliolate, the sheaths 3.5 to 4.5 mm. long,
the teeth 2.5 mm. long, the elliptic petiolulate blade about 4 mm. long;
secondary bract 1, bifid to below the middle, ciliate, acuminate, 2.2 to
2.7 mm. long; axis rudiment slender-subulate, pilose throughout, 1 mm.
long in flower, 3.5 mm. in fruit; bractlets 2, lanceolate, acute, ciliate,
2.2 mm. long; flower not seen; lower joint of pod fertile, turbinate-ob-
Blake — New Plants of the Genus Stylosanthes. 47
ovoid, compressed, 2.5 to 3 mm. long, 2.2 mm. wide, densely pilose,
laterally 2 or 3-nerved but not reticulate; upper joint fertile, quadrate,
2 to 2.2 mm. long and wide, rather densely spreading-pilose, prominently
2 or 3-nerved and reticulate on the sides; beak slender, slightly incurved,
pilosulous, 1 to 1.2 mm. long.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 701387, collected in the
Province of Mattogrosso, Brazil, July, 1892, by O. Kuntze.
This plant was originally identified and recorded1 by Kuntze as Stylo-
santhes leiocarpa Vog., but it belongs to the section Styposanthes and has
no relationship with that species. It seems to be most nearly related
to 5. sympodialis Taubert, known to me only from description, but differs
in the nature of its pubescence, its shorter secondary bract and seta, and
its persistently pubescent pod with shorter joints, the upper one with
more ribs. The two specimens from which the species is described are
plants of late season with the primary leaves fallen.
Stylosanthes macrocarpa, sp. nov.
Many-stemmed herbaceous perennial; stems spreading or ascending,
about 15 cm. long, sparsely branched, scarcely striatulate, rather densely
pilose with appressed or ascending hairs and on the upper part of the
internodes spreading-hispid ; leaves remote, 3-foliolate ; sheaths of the stip-
ules 3 to 4 mm. long, spreading-hispid with tuberculate-based hairs and
sparsely appressed-pilose, the teeth stiff, subulate, sparsely hispid, 3 to 5
mm. long; petioles sparsely pilose and hispid, 3 to 5 mm. long, the rachis
1 to 2.5 mm. long; leaflets elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 5.5 to 13 mm. long,
1.8 to 3.5 mm. wide, mucronate, rounded at base, subsessile, entire, firm,
light green both sides, sparsely hispid along costa beneath and usually
along margin, obscurely ciliate, the prominent lateral veins 3 or 4 on each
side; spikes subglobose or ovoid, 13 to 15 mm. long, evenly but not densely
hispid with tuberculate-based yellowish hairs, 5 to 10-flowered ; primary
bracts hispid-pilose particularly on the sheaths, pilose-ciliate, the outermost
often trifolioiate, similar to the leaves, the inner unifoliolate, the sheath 6 to
8 mm. long, the teeth 3.5 to 4 mm. long, the narrowly ovate-elliptic blade
about 3.5 mm. long; secondary bract 1, oblong, 4.5 mm. long, obscurely
trilobed with acuminate central lobe, sparsely pilose-ciliate; axis rudiment
in flower densely pilose, 2.5 mm. long including the hairs, in fruit stiff,
linear-subulate, 8 mm. long; bractlet 1, lance-oblong, pilose-ciliate, 3.5
mm. long; calyx 9 mm. long (including the 6 mm. long stipe-like base),
membranaceous, ciliate, otherwise glabrous, the upper lip shortly bifid,
the basal lobe longest, all obtuse; flowers evidently yellow; banner obovate-
suborbicular, slightly emarginate, not clawed, 6 mm. long, 5 mm. wide;
lateral petals obovate, clawed, auriculate on upper side at base of blade
and with a short blunt appendage within; one of the didymous anthers
twice as large as the others; fruit variable, the basal joint densely pilose,
sometimes dwarfed and only 1 mm. long, usually about 2 mm. long, or
i Rev. Gen. 32: 72. 1S98.
48 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
sometimes fertile, oblong, compressed, 2-nerved and 3.5 to 5.5 mm. long,
3 mm. wide, in which case the terminal joint is dwarfed, with an ovoid
body only 2 mm. long, and its seed aborted; terminal joint usually well
developed, ovoid-oval, 4 to 4.5 mm. long, 3 to 3.5 mm. wide, compressed,
1-nerved and loosely prominulous-reticulate on the sides, 3-nerved on the
back, evenly appressed-pilosulous like the beak, the latter stout, com-
pressed, hooked, 3 mm. long.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 316713, collected in moist
gravelly soil of hills near Oaxaca City, Oaxaca, Mexico, altitude 1675
meters, July 3, 1897, by C. G. Pringle (no. 6721).
Stylosanthes macrocarpa is most nearly related to S. mexicana Taubert,1
but may easily be distinguished by its much larger evenly pilosulous pod.
The type collection was distributed as 5. humilis H. B. K., which belongs
to a different section of the genus.
5. mexicana was originally based on Schaffner's no. 579, from San
Luis Potosi, and a plant collected by Ehrenberg at an unknown locality;
the former of these is here selected as the type. The range of this species
may be extended to include the States of Tamaulipas, where it was col-
lected at Victoria in 1907, by E. Palmer (no. 490), and Hidalgo, where
it was collected in calcareous soil near El Salto, altitude 2135 meters,
June 29, 1904, by C. G. Pringle (no. 11969).
Stylosanthes tuberculata, sp. nov.
Frutescent below, branched, 3 dm. long and more; stem and branches
evenly and rather densely pilose with ascending or somewhat spreading
hairs, and less densely hispidulous with ascending hairs with persistent
tuberculate bases; leaves mostly shorter than the internodes, 3-foliolate,
often with fascicles in their axils; sheaths of the stipules 5 to 7 mm. long,
pubescent and hispidulous like the stem, the teeth subulate, 2 to 3 mm.
long; petioles similarly pubescent, 2.5 to 4 mm. long, the rachis about
1 mm. long; leaflets slightly petiolulate, elliptic or narrowly obovate-
elliptic, 6 to 17 mm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, mucronulate, rounded at base,
slightly denticulate nearly throughout with tuberculate-hispidulous teeth,
sparsely appressed- or ascending-pilosulous and tuberculate-hispidulous
on both sides, the 4 to 6 pairs of lateral veins prominulous beneath, not
forming a submarginal nerve; spikes narrowly oblong, axillary and ter-
minal, 7 to 12 mm. long, about 7-flowered; primary bracts unifoliolate,
otherwise similar to the leaves, somewhat pilosulous, ciliate, densely
tuberculate-hispidulous and hispid with ascending hairs, the sheath about
4 mm. long, the teeth 3.5 mm., the petiolulate elliptic blade 6 mm. or
less; secondary bract 1, oblong-ovate, bifid or entire, obtusish, ciliate
above, 3.3 mm. long; axis rudiment subulate, pilose, 1.2 mm. long in
flower, 3 mm. in fruit; bractlets 2, linear, obtuse to acute, sparsely ciliate
to glabrous, 2.6 mm. long; calyx 7.2 mm. long (including the glabrous
4.5 mm. long stipe-like base), the lobes all blunt and merely short-ciliate ;
» Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb 32: 21. 1890.
Blake — New Plants of the Genus Stylosanthes . 49
flowers evidently yellow; banner broadly obovate, 5 mm. long, 4 mm.
wide; basal joint of pod usually minute; terminal joint oblong or quad-
rate-oblong, 3.5 mm. long, 2.2 to 2.5 mm. wide, compressed, 1-ribbed and
reticulate laterally, rather sparsely hispidulous-pilosulous; beak rather
slender, erectish, slightly hooked at tip, hispidulous toward base, 1.4 to
1.7 mm. long.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 849255, collected at South-
west Landing, New Providence, Bahama Islands, February 11, 1905, by
E. G. Britton (no. 3336).
Other specimen examined:
Cuba: Vicinity of Pueblo Romano, Cayo Romano, Camaguey, Octo-
ber 8-9, 1909, Shafer 2463.
Stylosanthes tuberculata is nearly related to 5. hamata (L.) Taubert,
and both the collections above cited were distributed under that name.
In 5. hamata, however, the stem is pilose in lines (or all around on the
uppermost internodes), without the tuberculate-based hairs of the new
species, the bracts are often hispid but the hairs are not tuberculate-based,
and the beak equals or usually exceeds the terminal joint of the pod.
Stylosanthes diarthra, sp. nov.
Frutescent, much branched, ascending, 3.5 dm. long or more; stem
gray-barked, glabrescent; branches subterete, pilose with appressed or
ascending hairs and sparsely or rather densely short-hispid; leaves about
equaling the internodes, 3-foliolate; sheaths of the stipules 4 to 7 mm.
long, sparsely appressed-pubescent and rather sparsely hispid-pilose with
short tuberculate-based hairs, the teeth linear-subulate, sparsely hispid-
pilose, 3 to 4 mm. long; petioles densely hispidulous-puberulous, 3 to 4
mm. long, the rachis 1 mm. long; leaflets elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 6
to 12 mm. long, 2 to 4.5 mm. wide, acute, mucronate, rounded at base,
subsessile, subentire or usually obscurely denticulate with tuberculate-
hispidulous teeth, above sparsely hispid with short hairs with persistent
dark-colored tuberculate bases, beneath hispidulous especially along
costa, the 3 or 4 pairs of lateral veins prominulous beneath; spikes ovoid,
8 to 12 mm. long, obscurely short-hispid, 7 to 10-flowered; primary bracts
unifoliolate, pilose and ciliate, short-hispid-pilose with more or less spread-
ing hairs with much enlarged ovoid bases, the sheath 4 to 6 mm. long,
the teeth 2.5 to 3.5 mm. long, the blade 4 to 5.5 mm. long; secondary
bract 1, 2-lobed for about two-fifths its length, 3.3 mm. long, the lobes
acuminate, sparsely ciliate; axis rudiment linear-subulate, sparsely long-
pilose, 1.5 mm. long in flower, 3.5 mm. in fruit; bractlets 2, lance-linear,
acutish, sparsely ciliate at tip, 2.5 mm. long; calyx 7 to 8 mm. long (in-
cluding the 5 mm. long stipe-like base), ciliate, otherwise glabrous, the
lowest lobe longest and acute, the others all obtuse; banner obovate-
suborbicular, scarcely clawed, 5.5 mm. long, 4.5 mm. wide; lateral petals
clawed, auriculate, spurred within at base of blade; fruit usually 2-celled
with both cells subequal and fertile, the lower joint quadrate-oblong, 2
50 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
to 2.5 mm. long, 2 to 2.2 mm. wide, compressed, rather densely appressed-
pilosulous, with about 3 prominent veins on each side, the upper joint
similar, 2.5 to 3 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, rather densely to very sparsely
pilosulous, reticulate and with 1 or 2 prominent nerves on each side, the
stoutish hooked pilosulous beak 0.8 to 1.5 mm. long.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 602363, collected at Valera,
State of Trujillo, Venezuela, altitude 550 meters, October 31, 1910, by
Alfredo Jahn (no. 169).
Other specimens examined:
Venezuela: Paramo de los Apartaderos, Sierro de Nevada de Merida,
State of Merida, altitude 3300 meters, December, 1910, Jahn 108. In
savannas, Lower Cotiza, near Caracas, altitude 800 to 1200 meters,
August 26, 1917, Pittier 7319.
This species seems to be most nearly related to Stylosanthes scabra Vog.,
known to me only from description, from which it differs in the longer
teeth of the petiole-sheaths, the merely hispidulous leaflets, the much
shorter heads, and the two fruiting joints and shorter beak of the pod.
Stylosanthes subsericea, sp. nov.
Frutescent and branched below, erectish, about 3 dm. high, sparsely
branched above; stem gray-barked, appressed-pilose ; branches densely
subsericeous-pilose with appres-ed hairs; leaves mostly shorter than the
internodes, 3-foliolate: sheaths of the stipules 5 to 9 mm. long, densely
subsericeous-pilose with appressed hairs, the teeth subulate, 4 to 6 mm.
long, mucronate-aristate ; petioles 3 to 6 mm. long, densely silky-pilose,
the rachis 1.5 mm. long; leaflets elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 10 to 19 mm.
long, 3 to 6.5 mm. wide, strongly mucronate at the usually acute apex,
rounded at base, entire, loosely appressed-pilose above, subglabrate, be-
neath and on margin loosely ascending-pilose, along costa sparsely hispid-
pilose with spreading hairs, the lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, prominent be-
neath, forming a submarginal nerve; spikes about 4-flowered; outer bracts
trifoliolate, similar to the leaves, the inner unifoliolate ; secondary bract 1,
lance-ovate, acuminate, entire, pilose-ciliate nearly to base, 6 to 7.5 mm.
long; axis rudiment subulate, pilose except toward apex, in flower about 2
mm. long; bractlet 1, similar to the secondary bract, 3.5 mm. long; calyx
11.5 mm. long (including the 6.5 mm. long stipe-like base), the upper lip
densely long-pilose-ciliate and somewhat pilose dorsally, with two rounded
lobes, the lateral lobes shorter than the upper lip, ciliate and sparsely
pilose dorsally, rounded, the lowest lobe the longest, acute, pilose-ciliate
and dorsally pilose; banner suborbicular-obovate, 6.5 mm. long, 5.5 mm.
wide, not clawed; lateral petals obovate, auriculate at base of blade and
shortly appendaged within; keel petals similar; fruit unknown.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 567473, collected on the
Cerro de Picacho, Oaxaca, Mexico, July, 1914, by C. A. Purpus (no.
7152).
Blake — New Plants of the Genus Stylo s anthe s . 51
The type number of this species was distributed as Stylosanthes viscosa
Swartz. 5. subsericea belongs to the section Styposanthes, however, and
in no way suggests 5. viscosa. It is distinguished among the species of
its section by its dense subsericeous pubescence and its strongly mucronate
leaflets. The fruit when known will doubtless furnish additional char-
acters.
Section Eustylosanthes.
Stylosanthes floridana, sp. nov.
Stems few, herbaceous, apparently erect, 0.8 to 2.5 dm. high, slender,
striate, rather densely but inconspicuously pubescent with appressed or
ascending hairs ; leaves rather few, shorter than the internodes, 3-f oliolate ;
sheaths of the stipules 3 to 5 mm. long, appressed-pubescent chiefly near
the margin, the stiff linear-subulate 1-nerved teeth 3 to 4 mm. long;
petioles appressed-pubescent, 1.5 to 3 mm. long, the rachis 1 to 1.5 mm.
long; leaflets subsessile, linear-elliptic, 9 to 15 mm. long, 1.3 to 2.5 mm.
wide, cuspidate-mucronate, rounded at base, entire, firm, puberulous along
costa above, slightly pubescent at base beneath, the 3 to 5 pairs of
veins prominent beneath, the lowest pair elongated to form a submarginal
nerve; spikes subglobose, 6 to 10 mm. long, about 8-flowered, not hispid;
primary bracts unif oliolate, the sheaths 3 to 4 mm. long, pilose-ciliate and
somewhat pilose on back, the teeth subulate from an ovate 3-nerved base,
2.5 to 3 mm. long, the blade linear-elliptic, 4 to 10 mm. long, rarely with
a few hispid-pilose hairs; secondary bracts 2, lanceolate, 2.5 to 3.5 mm.
long, entire, acuminate, free, paleaceous-scarious, densely pilose chiefly
inside and on margin above the base with long, flexuous hairs ; axis rudiment
none; bractlet similar to the secondary bracts, 1 to 2 mm. long, at maturity
usually united laterally nearly to apex with one of the secondary bracts;
stipe-like base of calyx 2.5 mm. long, the calyx limb 3.5 long, 5-lobed,
the lobes densely ciliate and more or less pilose dorsally with crisped hairs,
the 2 upper lobes obtuse, the lateral acute, the lowest longest; corolla
evidently yellow; blade of banner suborbicular, rounded, 4 mm. long and
wide, the claw about 1 mm. long; lateral petals obovate, 4.5 mm. long,
clawed, retrorsely auriculate-spurred on upper side at base of blade and
with an internal blunt spur of the same length ; keel emarginulate, somewhat
denticulate at tip, the petals free only at base, the blades broadly auricu-
late at base, obtusely saccate-spurred at base within; stamens with didy-
mous anthers equaling the style, the others somewhat shorter; basal joint
of pod very small, densely pilose; fruiting joint ovoid to oblong-ovoid,
rather plump but somewhat compressed, like the beak densely pilosulous
with crisped hairs, strongly 3-ribbed on the sides and favose-reticulate,
the body 3.5 to 4 mm. long, 2.5 to 2.8 mm. wide, the stoutish incurved-
hooked beak 0.5 to 0.8 mm. long.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 859518, collected at De
Funiak Springs, Walton County, Florida, July 3, 1891, by G. B. Sud-
worth.
52 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Additional specimens examined:
Florida: Dry pine barrens near Jacksonville, June 17, 1898, Cartiss
6418 (in part).
Stylosanthes floridana is closely related to S. biflora (L.) B. S. P. It may
be distinguished by the lack of hispidity on the heads and the stem. The
fruit, also, is much more strongly nerved and reticulate than is often the
case in 5. biflora.
Stylosanthes macrosoma, sp. nov.
SufTrutescent below, the branches erect, with erect branchlets, 1.8 dm.
high, rather sparsely spreading-hispid-pilose with pale scarcely tubercu-
late-based hairs, and in youth somewhat appressed-pubescent; leaves
shorter than the internodes, 3-foliolate; sheaths of the stipules 5 mm.
long, like the teeth rather sparsely spreading-hispid-pilose, the teeth
slender-subulate, stiff, 2.5 to 4 mm. long; petioles sparsely spreading-
hispid-pilose, somewhat puberulous above, 3 to 6 mm. long, the rachis
about 1 mm. long; leaflets slightly petiolulate, linear-elliptic, 8 to 14 mm.
long, 1 to 2 mm. wide, acute, mucronate, rounded at base, firm, green
both sides, rather sparsely spreading-hispid-pilose on costa and margin,
the veins whitish, 3 or 4 pairs, prominent beneath, forming a submarginal
nerve; spikes oblong to ovoid, 6 to 10 mm. long, not densely hispid-pilose,
about 7-flowered; primary bracts unifoliolate, otherwise similar to the
leaves, ciliate and sparsely spreading-hispid-pilose, the sheath 4 mm. long,
the teeth 2.5 mm. long, the linear-elliptic petiolulate blade 4.5 mm. long
or less; secondary bracts 2, linear-lanceolate, acutish, ciliate, 3 to 3.5
mm. long; axis rudiment none; bractlet 1, linear, obtusish, ciliate, 1.2 to
2.5 mm. long; calyx 5 mm. long (including the glabrous 3 mm. long stipe-
like base), the lobes all obtuse, ciliate, otherwise glabrous; banner obovate,
4.5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide; lower joint of pod sterile, narrowly oblong,
densely pilosulous, 1.5 mm. long; upper joint at full maturity oblong,
4.8 mm. long, 2.2 mm. wide, strongly compressed, glabrous, very weakly
2-veined on the sides, whitish, the strongly incurved hispidulous beak 2.2
mm. long.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1012417, collected in cen-
tral Paraguay, 1888 to 1890, by T. Morong (no. 255).
This strongly marked new species was distributed as 5. guyanensis
(Aubl.) Swartz. It is distinguished from that and all other species of
its section (Eustylosanthes) by the characters of its fruit.
Stylosanthes purpurata, sp. nov.
Base not seen; stem frutescent below, branched, 3.5dm. long and more,
fuscous-purplish, rather densely ascending-pilose (the hairs denser in lines
decurrent from the leaf-bases) and pilose-setose with slender spreadins
tuberculate-based at length deciduous dark hairs; leaves (except on the
branchlets) much shorter than the internodes, 3-foliolate; sheaths of the
stipules 3 to 6 mm. long, purplish, pubescent like the stem, the teeth
subulate, setose-tipped and setose-ciliate, 3 to 4.5 mm. long; petioles pil-
Blake — New Plants of the Genus Stylosanthes. 53
•ose, scarcely setose, 2 mm. long, the rachis 1 to 2 mm. long; leaflets ob-
scurely petiolulate, lance-elliptic to elliptic, or the upper linear-elliptic,
8 to 17 mm. long, 1.5 to 4 mm. wide, acute to acuminate, mucronate, at
base rounded, above purplish-tinged, rather densely spreading-pilose es-
pecially along the midvein, along margin pilose-setose throughout with
spreading hairs with slightly enlarged purplish bases, beneath green, rather
densely pilose with ascending or subspreading hairs, along costa sparsely
pilose-setose, the lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, prominulous beneath, scarcely
forming a marginal nerve; spikes axillary and terminal, oblong or subglo-
bose-oblong, 7 to 10 mm. long, densely pilose-setose, about 7-flowered; pri-
mary bracts unifoliolate, the sheaths purple, 3 to 4 mm. long, sparsely pilose,
ciliate, and with the teeth (2 to 2.5 mm. long) and the sessile leaflet (3 to
5 mm. long, narrowly elliptic) pilose-setose with spreading purplish hairs;
secondary bract 1, oblong-ovate, 2.7 mm. long, acuminate, purple at tip,
pilose-ciliate and densely pilose within above the middle; axis rudiment
none; bractlet 1, precisely similar in every way to the secondary bract,
or sometimes a little narrower and shorter; calyx 8 mm. long (including
the 4.5 mm. long stipe-like base), the limb ciliate, the upper lobes longer
than the lateral, rounded, the lowest lobe longest, ciliate and sparsely
pilose, acutish; banner broadly obovate, 5.8 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide;
lateral petals clawed, auriculate-spurred and appendaged within; stamens
with didymous anthers equaling the style, considerably longer than the
others; lower joint of fruit infertile, turbinate, densely pilosulous, 0.8
mm. long; upper joint oblong-ovoid, plump, 2.5 to 3 mm. long, 1.9 to 2.2
mm. wide, 1-nerved and loosely reticulate on the sides, sparsely dotted
with sessile glands, otherwise glabrous, the weak strongly inflexed beak
about 0.2 mm. high.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 301895, collected at Bolafios,
Jalisco, Mexico, September 10-19, 1897, by J. N. Rose (no. 2942).
This species is closely similar in general appearance and in pubescence
to Stylosanthes dissitiflora Robinson & Seaton. In that species, how-
ever, now represented in the U. S. National Herbarium by five collec-
tions, including the type, from the vicinity of Guadalajara and Etzatlan,
Jalisco, the leaves are nearly glabrous except for the stiff hairs of the
margin and veins, the flowers are few and scattered in the spike, the
bractlets are two, and the fruit is papillose-puberulous and usually two-
nerved on the sides.
Vol. 33, pp. 55-58 July 24, I92<*
PROCEEDINGS
OP THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
FOUR NEW BIRDS FROM THE PHILIPPINES AND
GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS.1
BY J. H. RILEY.
The following four apparently unnamed forms have been
discovered in a further study of the collection made in Celebes
by Mr. H. C. Raven2 and are herewith described.
Anthreptes malacensis paraguae, subsp.. nov.
Type, adult male, U. S. National Museum, No. 233332, Puerto Prin-
cesa, Palawan, Philippines, December 14, 1891. Collected by D. C.
Worcester and F. S. Bourns (original No. 3274).
Similar to Anthreptes cagayanensis Mearns, but the metallic violet
reflections more uniform and deeper on the crown and upper back and
the breast a clearer yellow. Wing, 67; tail, 45; oilmen, 17 mm.
Remarks. — This race is founded upon a good series of both sexes. All
the males agree in having the crown, hind-neck, and upper back deep
metallic violet and only show dark green reflections to any extent when
held with the bill towards the light. Anthreptes malacensis wiglesworthi
has the crown and upper back a deep, bright, shining coppery green; in
Anthreptes malacensis cagayanensis these parts have a metallic violet
wash in addition to the green; while in Anthreptes malacensis paragua
the metallic violet wash is intensified and the metallic green has almost
entirely disappeared.
Females of Anthreptes malacensis paraguce are similar to the same sex
of Anthreptes malacensis cagayanensis but the yellow below is slightly purer,
not quite so greenish.
Anthreptes malacensis bornensis, subsp. nov.
Type, adult male, U. S. National Museum, No. 211591, Po Bui Island,
Sandakan, British North Borneo, March 1, 1908. Collected by Paul
Bartsch.
1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
2 Cf. Proc. Biol Soc. Wash., 31, 1918, pp. 155-160; and 32, 1919, pp. 93-96.
10— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (55)
56 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Similar to Anthreptes malacensis, malacensis but the breast deeper
yellow, the brown of the throat redder; the cheeks strongly washed with
the color of the throat; and the middle and greater wing-coverts washed
with a deeper and more reddish brown. Wing, 66.5; tail, 46; culmen,
18 mm.
Remarks. — This race is founded upon a good series from the type lo-
cality and the U. S. National Museum contains a large series from northern
Dutch East Borneo, and a male from Labuan that seems to belong to the
same form. A specimen from Pulo Laut, Southeast Borneo, seems to
belong to the Javan race. Malay Peninsula specimens have the cheeks
olive-green, sometimes with a slight reddish cast, but nothing like the
deep wash in the North Bornean specimens. In the color of the throat,
cheeks, and middle wing-coverts Anthreptes malacensis bornensis ap-
proaches Anthreptes rhodolaema, but it cannot be a race of that species
as there are specimens of both species in th U. S. National Museum from
the same locality at sea-level in northern Dutch East Borneo.
Females of Anthreptes malacensis bornensis differ from the same sex of
Anthreptes malacensis malacensis in being much deeper and brighter yel-
low below.
Enodes erythrophrys centralis, subsp. nov.
Type, adult male, U. S. National Museum, No. 250862, Goenoeng
Lehio, Celebes, January 13, 1917. Collected by H. C. Raven (original
No. 3392).
Similar to Enodes erythrophrys erythrophrys, but superciliaries orange
chrome not flame scarlet; rump and crissum lighter yellow; outer mar-
gins of wing feathers and upper surface of tail more greenish; and wing
and tail shorter. Wing, 109; tail, 106.5; culmen, 19; tarsus, 26.5; middle
toe, 21.5 mm.
Remarks. — In addition to the type the present race is founded upon a
male from Winatoe, a male and two females from the Lindoe Trail, three
males and two females from Besoa, and a male from Rano Rano. For
comparison the collection contains a good series of northern birds. All
the specimens from the north have the peculiar superciliary feathers
flame scarlet while the form from the north central part of the island
has these feathers orange chrome; this is the most striking difference and
seems to be constant, the other characters, except size, are only average
and inconstant.
The two series average as follows:
Riley — Four New Birds.
57
Wing.
Tail.
Culmen.
Seven males, north Celebes
115
111.2
107.2
104.6
113.2
104.6
104.1
98.3
17 8
Six males, north-central Celebes
Eight females, north Celebes
18
17.7
Four females, north-central Celebes. . .
16.6
Munia punctulata particeps, subsp. nov.
Type, adult male, U. S. National Museum, No. 251332, Rano Lindoe,
Celebes, March 15, 1917. Collected by H. C. Raven (original No. 3920).
Similar to Munia punctulata cabanisi of the Philippines, but darker
above, the closed wing outwardly deeper more rusty brown, the throat
and cheeks deeper brown, especially on sides of face and lores, the barring
on the breast and flanks much coarser and darker brown. Wing, 50.5;
tail, 40; culmen, 11 mm.
Remarks. — The above race is founded upon four adult males from the
type locality, two adult females from Napoe, and one adult female from
Besoa; in addition there are several immature specimens from the type
locality and Gimpoe that have not been taken into consideration. This
is the bird described as Munia punctulata nisoria by Meyer and Wigles-
worth,1 but they could hardly have compared specimens from Celebes
with those from Java, or they certainly would have seen how different
they are. The Javan bird has the rump barred with white and the tail
gray above, while the Celebes form has the rump unbarred and the tail
buff y citrine ; the latter race is also darker above and on the throat, with
the white of the belly more restricted ; and is smaller.
Walden2 had noticed the difference between the color of the tails of
the Java race and that of the only specimen he had from Celebes.
Stresemann3 has indicated the Celebes bird as probably a distinct form
but did not name it, probably because his series was inadequate. Asa
matter of fact in size and in the color of the back and tail, the Celebes
bird approaches the Philippine form, but in the coarser markings of the
breast and flanks it more closely resembles Javan specimens. It is per-
fectly distinct from either and well merits recognition. I have been
unable to compare it with Munia punctulata blasii Stresemann, not hav-
ing specimens, but it is undoubtedly different, judging from his description
and remarks.
' Birds of Celebes, 2, 1898, 548.
2 Tr. Zool. Soc, Lond., 8, 1872, 73.
3 Nov. Zool. 19, 1912, 317.
Vol. 33, pp. 59-64 July 24, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OB THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE ICHTHYOLOGY OF
BERMUDA.
BY JOHN TREADWELL NICHOLS.
The American Museum of Natural History has recently
received a collection of Bermuda fishes taken personally by
Mr. Louis L. Mowbray over a period of several years. Mr.
Mowbray is so thoroughly familiar with the piscifauna of that
locality that he is especially well qualified to judge what ma-
terial from there will prove of interest; and it follows that this
collection supplements, to a considerable extent, what is known
of Bermuda fishes. It contains seven species which appear to
be undescribed, as follows :
Family Muraenidae.
Gymnothorax brunneus, sp. nov.
Close to Gymnothorax (Lycodontis) funebris, but with different denti-
tion, less deep, dorsal origin further back, eye apparently smaller in
specimens of same length. The type, our only specimen, No. 7309,
American Museum of Natural History, was collected at Bermuda by Mr.
Louis L. Mowbray. It is 344 mm. in total length. Head 2.8 in trunk,
tail 0.7, depth 6.9. Gape 2.1 in head, snout 5.5. Eye 1.8 in snout, equal
to interorbital.
Jaws curved, not quite closing. Long, depressible, simple canines in
jaws, and two or three (the longest) in a single row on vomer. An outer
row of smaller sharp, more or less unequal, retrorse teeth in jaws. Dor-
sal beginning over front of gill opening. Fins rather low.
Color uniform dark chestnut brown, including fins which are unmarked.
Back and dorsal especially, of this specimen, thickly dotted with small
pale encrustations.
11— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (59)
GO Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Family Serranidae.
Anthias tenuis, sp. nov.
More slender with a greater number of scales than Anthias louisi T. H.
Bean, also described from Bermuda. The type, No. 7310, American
Museum of Natural History, was collected at Bermuda, by Mr. Louis L.
Mowbray, on December 17. It is 68 mm. long to base of caudal. Head
3.6 in this length, depth 3.4. Snout 4.7 in head, eye 3.3, maxillary 2.0,
interorbital 3.6, longest dorsal spine, 2.2, dorsal ray 2.7, anal spine 3.5,
anal ray 2.8, pectoral 1.2, ventral 1.3, caudal 1.9, depth of peduncle 2.2.
Lower jaw projecting, maxillary to beyond center of eye, interorbital
slightly convex. Center of upper jaw notched, its teeth small, in more
than one row anteriorly. Those in the lower jaw in a single row, with
canines, preopercle serrulate, two weak, flat spines at its angle, the upper
the longer. Opercle with two weak, flat spines at its angle, the lower the
longer. Snout naked, scales extending forward to above center of eye,
maxillary scaled. Lateral line with a downward angle under the axil of
the soft dorsal. Lateral line about 54. About 5 scales between lateral
line and origin spinous dorsal, 3 between lateral line and middle of same.
Dorsal spines weak and fragile. Caudal forked, the lobes bluntly rounded.
Dorsal X, 15. Anal III, 9.
Color in spirits uniform pale brownish, likely rosy in life.
Besides the type there is a specimen 50 mm. to base of caudal from
Bermuda.
Family Pomacentridae.
Chromis bermudae, sp. nov.
Allied to C. enchrysurus, from which it differs in technical details. The
type, No. 7317, American Museum of Natural History, was collected at
Bermuda by Mr. Louis L. Mowbray. It is 60 mm. long to base of caudal.
Head 3.1 in this length, depth 2.5 Snout 4.0 in head, eye 2.7, maxillary
3.5, interorbital 3.0, pectoral 1.0, ventral 1.2 with filamentous tip, longest
dorsal spine 2.0, dorsal ray 1.7, second anal spine 1.7, longest anal ray
1.7, caudal 1.2, caudal peduncle 2.0, its depth slightly greater than its
length.
Interorbital broad, almost flat. Outer ventral rays excerted. Lobe of
soft dorsal to or beyond caudal base. Caudal shallowly forked, the lobes
blunt. Lateral line 27. DorsalXIV.il. Anal II, 11.
Color in spirits; purplish above, paler below; axil of pectoral black.
Paired fins, peduncle and caudal yellowish.
Three other small specimens with the same data are in a poor state of
preservation as though taken from the stomach of some larger fish.
Family Labridae.
Small wrasses are particularly numerous and variable about Bermuda
and it is somewhat of a problem to classify them properly. To do so
would probably entail a thorough revision of the group. The characters
which separate the different species are slight and often variable. For
Nichols — Ichthyology of Bermuda. 61
instance, in some cases color is the most tangible criterion; even though
color changes of each form may be more striking than the color differ-
ences between them. It is not improbable that species already recog-
nized will eventually be relegated to synonomy, but the following appear
to be distinct from any so far described :
Iridio frenatus, sp. nov.
A black axillary spot, blotch below the center of side, and on spinous
dorsal. Lips pale, a conspicuous pale streak from the corner of the
mouth to the base of the pectoral. The type, our only specimen, No.
7313, American Museum of Natural History, was collected in Bermuda
by Mr. Louis L. Mowbray. It is 89 mm. long to base of caudal. Head
3.4 in this length, depth 3.6. Snout 3.3 in head, eye 6.0, interorbital
4.8, pectorals and ventrals broken, longest dorsal spine 3.0, dorsal ray
2.6, anal spine 6.0, anal ray 3.3, caudal 1.7.
Head and body moderately compressed. Canines in front of jaws 2/i,
the upper short, lips very full. Lateral line 26. A rather broad naked
strip cephalad from the dorsal. Caudal slightly rounded. Dorsal IX,
11. Anal III, 11.
Color in spirits, purplish grey, fading on the lower parts. Front of
dorsal purplish grey, becoming pale posteriorly. A black blotch between
the 5th and 8th spines, a pale stripe bordering this above, extends back-
ward in the center of the fin, purplish grey against a paler ground. A
black blotch below the center of the side and spot in the upper axil of the
pectoral. Lips pale, and a conspicuous pale stripe from corner of mouth
to base of pectoral.
Iridio similis, sp. nov.
With small scales before the dorsal as in /. semicinctus of the Pacific
and the lateral band bolder and blacker than in many similar appearing
species. The type, our only specimen, No. 7312, American Museum of
Natural History, was collected in Bermuda by Mr. Louis L. Mowbray.
It is 90 mm. long to base of caudal. Head 3.1 in this length, depth 3.6.
Snout 3.0 in head, eye 5.0, interorbital 5.0, maxillary 4.6, pectoral 1.5,
ventral 1.6, longest dorsal spine 3.2, dorsal ray the same, longest anal
spine 3.8, anal ray 3.2, caudal 1.6.
Head and body compressed. Outer ventral rays excerted. Canines
in front of jaws well developed 2/2, the upper curved outward. Lateral
line 26. About 8 rows of scales before the dorsal, the anterior reduced
in size and some of them crossing the center of the back. Caudal sub-
truncate, its angles slightly rounded. Dorsal IX, 11. Anal II, 11.
Color in spirits pale, a broad, black band from snout onto center of
caudal. A black spot in the axil of the pectoral. An elongate black
blotch on the spinous dorsal and dusky lengthwise streak in the center
of the dorsal behind same. Fins otherwise pale.
62 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Bermudichthys, gen. nov.
Type, Bermudichthys subftircatus, sp. nov.
A labrid fish close to Thalassemia. Dorsal spines 7, anal 2. Teeth ir-
regularly larger at front of jaws, 1 or 2 in the front of the upper jaw only
might be considered poorly developed canines. Head without scales,
little compressed, caudal moderately forked, the lobes not produced. The
weak teeth and few spines of our two specimens may be matters of indi-
vidual abnormality, in which case this fish should stand as a sub-genus
under Thalassoma. Bermuda is a center of abundance and diversity for
the wrasses, and it is appropriate that one of them should bear its name.
Bermudichthys subfurcatus, sp. nov.
The distinctly forked caudal without excerted lobes separates this spe-
cies from numerous small wrasses with which it is associated. The type,
No. 7314, American Museum of Natural History, was collected at Ber-
muda by Mr. Louis L. Mowbray. It is 86 mm. long to base of caudal.
Head 3.0 in this length, depth 4.0. Width of head 2.5 in its length, snout
3.4, eye 5.0, interorbital 3.7, maxillary 4.6, pectoral 1.4, ventral 2.6,
longest dorsal spine 3.3, dorsal ray 2.6, longest anal spine 3.2, anal ray
2.6. Caudal 1.5.
Head little compressed, without scales. Ventrals short and blunt.
Teeth in front of jaws increased in size, scarcely canines. Lateral line
complete, 27. Caudal evenly forked for about 1/3 its length; upper lobe
slightly the longer. Dorsal VII, 13. Anal II, 11.
Color in spirits, dark above including dorsal, blotched on the sides,
pale below. Pectoral pale, darkened terminally, ventral and anal more
or less dark. Caudal mostly dark, the center of the lower lobe pale.
A co-type with the same data 62 mm. to base of caudal, has the entire
center of caudal pale, the fork about XU its length.
Family Antennariidae.
Histrio jagua, sp. nov.
Resembles the common Histrio {Pterophryne) histrio but is very differ-
ent in color, with pale markings on a dark ground. The type, our only
specimen, No. 7316, American Museum of Natural History, was col-
lected at Bermuda by Mr. Louis L. Mowbray. It is a large specimen,
110 mm. to base of caudal. Head 2.6 in this length, depth 2.0. First
dorsal spine with bait 4 in head, 2nd dorsal spine 2.3, 3rd 1.4, longest
dorsal ray 1.4, anal ray 1.4, pectoral from arm-pit 1.0, ventral 1.5, snout
4.5, eye 1.5 in snout.
The bait on first dorsal spine is entire, somewhat pointed, with pap-
pillae. Dorsal rays 12. Anal 7.
In spirits the dorsals are dark chocolate-brown with white bars and
spots. Head, back and sides are uniform chocolate-brown with two
rather regular whitish rings posteriorly, each surrounding a whitish cen-
tral spot; also with other whitish markings. Anal and caudal are whitish
Nichols — Ichthyology of Bermuda. 63
irregularly barred and reticulated with chocolate-brown. Lower surface
from chin to vent paler than rest of body.
A very satisfactory revision of Bermuda fishes by T. H. Bean may be
found in Field Columbian Museum, Zoological Series, Vol. 7, 1906, pp.
21-89, and Proc. Biol. Soc, Wash., Vol. 25, 1912, pp. 121-126. Stolephorus
viridis, described p. 122 of the latter publication, is obviously from the
description not an anchovy but a herring. A series of about 40 individu-
als so labeled in the present collection are identified as Jenkinsia stolifera,
of which viridis may be considered as a synonym and which should replace
it in the Bermuda list.
The following species are additions to this list: Gymnothorax (Lyco-
dontis) miliaris, Tylosurus notatus, Halocypselus evolans, Syngnathus
louisianae, Prionodes tigrinus, Eleotris pisonis, Gobius translucens.
Gobius translucens is a species recently described from Porto Rico. It
is close to G. glancofraenum, but apparently distinct. Earlier Bermuda
records for glancofraenum may refer to it. The identification of certain
pipe-fishes is difficult and fraught with the possibility of error. In the
case of Syngnathus louisianae, a large specimen which has been com-
pared with a series from the coast of the United States in the American
Museum of Natural History, there is no doubt. There are several spec-
imens of Syngnathus pelagicus in the collection which can not be dis-
tinguished from material from floating weed in the east-central North
Atlantic with which they have been compared.
Vol. 33, pp. 65-68 July 24, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
SIX NEW SPECIES OF PLANTS FROM MEXICO.1
BY PAUL C. STANDLEY.
During the preparation of an account of the woody plants
of Mexico, the first portion of which is now being printed in
the Contributions from the National Herbarium, a few plants
have been found which can not be referred to any of the pub-
lished species. Six of these are here described as new. Four
of them (Podopterus, Ruprechtia, Coccoloba) belong to the fam-
ily Polygonaceae, one to the Aristolochiaceae, and one (Fend-
lerella) to the Hydrangeaceae.
Aristolochia malacophylla Standi., sp. nov.
Stems subterete, densely pilose with retro'rse, sericeous, whitish or
fulvous hairs, the internodes 6.5-10.5 em. long; petioles very stout, 1 cm.
long or shorter, densely pilose; leaf blades oval or elliptic-oval, about
12.5 cm. long and 7-8 cm. wide, cordate at the base, obtuse or rounded
at the apex, subcoriaceous, densely pilose on the upper surface with
slender soft appressed hairs; the venation prominulous, beneath loosely
sordid-tomentose, the lateral veins 7 on each side, arcuate; inflorescence
axillary, racemose, few-flowered, the flowers nearly sessile; ovary densely
sericeous; calyx short-pilose outside, the tube inflated, 1 cm. long, the
limb inflated at the base into a sac 2 cm. long and 1 cm. thick, the lip
about 5 cm. long, glabrous within, cleft into 3 linear lobes.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 462360, collected at Salto
de Zararacua, Uruapam, Michoacan, Mexico, October 10, 1904, by C. G.
Pringle (No. 13424).
A relative, apparently, of A. tricaudata Duchartre, but in that the
leaves are glabrous on the upper surface and rounded at the base, and the
flowers are much larger, with a more deeply cleft calyx limb.
1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
12— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (65)
06 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Podopterus cordifolius Rose & Standi., sp. nov.
Small tree with straggling pendent branches, the branchlets obscurely
puberulent or glabrous; petioles slender, about 4 mm. long, minutely pil-
ose; leaf blades oval-ovate, about 2.5 cm. long and 1.4 cm. wide, cordate
or subcordate at the base, obtuse or acutish at the apex, bright green,
slightly paler beneath, glabrous; racemes lateral, 2.5-3 cm. long, the flow-
ers slender-pedicellate, glabrous; calyx about 1 cm. long, the wings of
the segments 2-2.5 mm. wide, very thin, entire or somewhat undulate,
long-decurrent upon the pedicel.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 238935, collected along the
seashore at Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico, June 25, 1892, by M. E. Jones
(No. 103).
Only two other species of the genus are known. The present one is
most nearly related to P. mexicanus Humb. & Bonpl., but in that the
leaves are broadly obovate and acute or acuminate at the base. P.
emarginatus Gross, described from Yucatan, is a very different plant with
large orbicular leaves, and may not be correctly referred to Podopterus.
Ruprechtia occidentalis Standi., sp. nov.
Shrub, about 3 meters high, with slender grayish branches, the branch-
lets strigillose at first; ocreae 2 mm. long; petioles 2-5 mm. long; leaf
blades narrowly elliptic-oblong, lanceolate, or oblanceolate, 3-8 cm. long,
1-2.5 cm. wide, obtuse to attenuate at the base, acutish to acuminate
at the apex, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, green and glabrous on the
upper surface, the costa prominent but the other venation inconspicuous,
slightly paler beneath, sparsely short-pilose or glabrate, the venation very
prominent and closely reticulate; staminate spikes slender, paniculate,
the flowers glabrous; pistillate racemes lateral, solitary or fasciculate, the
rachis 1-2.5 cm. long, the pedicels slender, 2-3 mm. long, short-pilose,
articulate near the apex; calyx in fruit 1.5-2.2 cm. long, short-pilose be-
low, glabrous above; inner calyx lobes linear, 4 mm. long, appressed-
pilose outside; achene ovoid, 8 mm. long, acuminate, thinly appressed-
pilose, deeply sulcate, the apex acutely triquetrous.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 636452, collected on a
dry hillside at San Bias, Sinaloa, Mexico, March 29, 1910, by J. N. Rose,
P. C. Standley, and P. G. Russell (No. 13630). The following additional
specimens belong here:
Sinaloa: Culiacan, 1891, Palmer 1782, 1780. Ymala, 1891, Palmer
1710.
Closely related to C. fusca Fernald, and perhaps only a variant of that
species. C. fusca, however, has broader, densely short-pilose leaves,
pubescent staminate flowers, and usually a larger fruiting calyx.
Coccoloba acapulcensis Standi., sp. nov.
Glabrous throughout, the branches dark reddish brown; ocreae 8-12
mm. long; leaves mostly peltate, the petioles slender, 2.5-3 cm. long,
attached to the blade 8-14 mm. from the base, the blades orbicular or
nearly so, 5.5-8 cm. wide, rounded at both endgfor sometimes emarginate
at the base, subcoriaceous, slightly paler beneath, the venation prominu-
Standley — Six New Species of Plants. 67
lous on the upper surface and prominent on the lower; fruit obovoid,
about 2.5 cm. long and 1.5 cm. in diameter.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 567933, collected in the
vicinity of Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico, October, 1894-March, 1895, by
Edward Palmer (No. 399).
A very well-marked species, distinguished from all other North Amer-
ican ones by its peltate leaves. At least two South American species have
peltate leaves, but they differ from the Mexican plant in other particulars.
One leaf of the type specimens of the new species is not peltate but is
deeply cordate at the base. The Mexican plant is a member of the sub-
genus Eucoccoloba.
Coccoloba chiapensis Standi., sp. nov.
Large tree; branchlets grayish, ferrugino-hirtellous when young; ocreae
5-7 mm. long, rufous-strigose ; leaves subsessile, the petioles 4 mm. long
or shorter, the blades elliptic, 12.5-20 cm. long, 4.3-8.5 cm. wide, cuneately
narrowed to the obtuse asymmetric base, acuminate or long-acuminate
at the apex, bright green, glabrous, the venation prominent or prominu-
lous on both surfaces; inflorescence about 25 cm. long, nearly sessile, the
rachis minutely puberulent, the nodes mostly 2-flowered; pedicels fully
twice as long as the ocreolae; perianth tube 1.2 mm. long, the lobes nearly
2 mm. long.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 884557, collected at Finca
Irlanda, Chiapas, Mexico, June, 1914, by C. A. Purpus (No. 7699). There
is another specimen of the same species in the National Herbarium (No.
884556), collected in Chiapas, without locality or date, by Purpus, and
numbered 7599. It matches the type exactly, and may be of the same
collection.
The leaves are very different from those of any of the described Mex-
ican species.
Fendlerella lasiopetala Standi., sp. nov.
Low erect shrub, the stout branches covered with exfoliating bark; leaf
blades elliptic, oval-elliptic, or ovate-elliptic, 10-18 mm. long, 5-8 mm.
wide, acute or obtuse, densely strigose on the upper surface, beneath
densely white-tomentose and copiously pilose, the margins plane or revo-
lute; cymes about 1 cm. broad, dense; hypanthium and calyx densely
strigose, the sepals lance-oblong; petals undulate, copiously sericeous-
pilose outside; filaments subulate.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 570036, collected in San
Lorenzo Canyon, southeast of Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico, April 16, 1905,
by Edward Palmer (No. 535).
The other species of the genus differ in having glabrous petals. Only
one species, F. mexicana Brandeg., has been reported previously from
Mexico. That plant, which is known only from Puebla, resembles F.
lasiopetala in the white tomentum of the leaves, but it has very sparse
pubescence upon the calyx. Fendlerella utahensis (S. Wats.) Heller, the
type of the genus, has been collected in the mountains of Chihuahua and
Coahuila.
Vol. 33, pp. 69-70 July 24, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
A NEW SHIPWORM.1
BY PAUL BARTSCH.
The United States National Museum has received several
sendings of shipworms from Mr. A. Reyne, of the Agricul-
tural Experiment Station, at Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana,
which prove to belong to an undescribed species. These mol-
lusks, Mr. Reyne states, destroy sluices built of greenheart
wood (Nectandra rodiaei Schomburgk) in a very short time.
This wood was believed to be immune to shipworm attacks,
and since I understand large quantities of greenheart timber
are used at the Canal Zone, which is not distant from Dutch
Guiana, it should prove of especial interest to us. The new
mollusk is so distinct from any of the known species of Teredo
that I shall assign it to a new subgenus which may be known as:
Neoteredo, new subgenus.
The characters which differentiate this subgenus from typical Teredo
are the sudden downward bending of the posterior edge of the median
portion of the shell, the very short posterior auricle which extends in-
ward to form a broad shelf for muscular attachment and a very short
broad blade which is far more posteriorly directed and has the flat side
almost at right angles in position, to that of typical Teredo. I take
pleasure in naming the type of the subgenus for its discoverer. It may
be known as:
Teredo (Neoteredo) reynei, new species.
Shell subglobular; exterior cream-yellow excepting the central portion
of the median part, which is dark brown gradually shading to light brown
posteriorly; interior bluish white.
Exterior :
The anterior portion consists of an outer roughly grooved area at the
1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
13 — Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920 (69)
70 Proceedings of the Biological Society oj Washington.
extreme anterior edge, followed by the main anterior portion which bears
dental ridges and is about two and a half times as broad as the part just
mentioned. The dental ridges are of quite regular width and spacing;
they curve upward at their anterior limit, then extend in an even curve
across the shell to meet the anterior end of the dental ridges of the
median portion. In the type, 125 of these dental ridges are present.
These ridges are about as wide as the grooves that separate them. They
are triangular with the dorsal slope a little more abrupt than the vertical,
the edge being finely serrated. The depressions between the denticles
pass down on both sides of the dental ridge as fine incised lines. There
are about six denticles present on the ridge in a distance equal to that
separating ridge from ridge. The dental ridges of the anterior and me-
dian part meet almost at right angles. The denticles on the median
part are slightly stronger than those on the anterior ridges. The dental
ridges of the median portion terminate rather abruptly without change
of curve at the junction of the anterior median with the posterior median
portion. The posterior median portion is marked by coarse transverse
wrinkles on its anterior third, from which lesser lines of growth take a
sudden upward curve and extend partly over the rest of the shell. The
posterior median portion is suddenly deflected inward, giving this por-
tion of the shell a truncated appearance at the posterior margin. This
part is finely granulose above the median portion of the posterior auricular
part, while ventrally it is faintly longitudinally grooved. The posterior
portion of the shell is produced into a short auricle, which is marked by
the continuation of the feeble grooves extending over it from the pos-
terior portion of the median part.
Interior :
The umbonal knob has a strong, narrow, blade-like tooth extending
obliquely into the cavity. A strong oblique shelf for muscular attach-
ment extends from the umbonal tooth to the ventral termination of the
posterior auricle, overarching the umbonal cavity. The blade for mus-
cular attachment is thin, short and decidedly flattened. It is inserted
under the umbonal tooth, extending obliquely backward, the tip point-
ing to a position midway on the ventral edge of the posterior part. In
Teredo s. s. the blade usually has its flat surface parallel to the ventral
curvature of the interior of the shell, while here the revers is almost
true, for the narrow edge almost parallels the interior. The extreme
ventral portion of the median part is provided with a strong rounded
knob, while the middle of the median portion is decidedly roughened within.
The type, Cat. No. 338240, U. S. N. M., measures from umbone to
base 12.2 mm.; from the anterior to the posterior edge, 12.3 mm.; di-
ameter, 13.4 mm.; palets, length 7.2 mm.; diameter 2.5 mm.
Vol. 33, pp. 71-76 December 30, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
DESCRIPTIONS OF APPARENTLY NEW SOUTH
AMERICAN BIRDS.
BY W. E. CLYDE TODD.
Recent explorations in French Guiana and the lower Amazon
by Mr. Samuel M. Klages in the interests of the Carnegie
Museum have brought to light a number of apparently new
birds, descriptions of which are presented herewith, while a
few additional forms are described from other regions as the
indirect result of comparisons with this new material. Three
new subspecies of birds from the Santa Marta region are also
characterized, making sixteen new names in all in the present
paper, which is the eighth of the series to appear in these
Proceedings. As before, the author's acknowledgments are
due to Dr. Harry C. Oberholser for help and advice. Measure-
ments are in millimeters, and the names of colors are mainly
from Mr. Ridgway's "Color Standards and Color Nomencla-
ture."
Myospiza aurifrons meridionalis, subsp. nov.
Similar to Myospiza aurifrons aurifrons (Spix) of northern Brazil, but
general coloration paler, the upper parts more buffy, less grayish, with
the streaking less distinct.
Type, No. 38,417, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; RioSurutu,
Bolivia, September 6, 1910; Jose Steinbach.
Brachyspiza capensis argentina, subsp. nov.
Similar in general to Brachyspiza capensis capensis of Guiana and Brazil,
but averaging larger, with the bill more slender ; the upper parts, wing-
edgings, etc.* duller, less rufescent; and the median crown-stripe broader.
Wing (type), 71; tail, 63; exposed culmen, 11.5.
Type, No. 31,241, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Rio Santiago
(near Buenos Aires), Argentina, October 14, 1908; Jose Steinbach.
14— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (71)
72 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Volatinta jacarini atronitens, subsp. nov.
Similar to Volatinta jacarini jacarini (Linnaeus), of Brazil, Bolivia, etc.,
but under wing-coverts and axillars mostly or entirely black.
A series of Volatinia from French Guiara, whence Fringilla splendens
Vieillot was described, while not entirely typical of true jacarini, are clearly
referable to that form, necessitating a new name for the northern race,
which has heretofore passed as splendens.
Type, No. 166,744, Collection United States National Museum, adult
male; Campeche, Campeche, Mexico, June 9, 1900; E. W. Nelson and
E. A. Goldman.
Polioptila guianensis, sp. nov.
Adult male: above blackish plumbeous, the pileum very slightly deeper in
tone; wings and their coverts dull black, with blackish plumbeous
external margins, narrower on the primaries ; three middle pairs of rectrices
black; three outer pairs white, with sometimes a narrow black inner
margin on the innermost; chin and upper throat whitish; lower throat
and breast uniform gray (between dark gull gray and slate gray), passing
into pure white on the abdomen and under tail-coverts; upper and under
eyelids white; under wing-coverts and inner margins of remiges toward
the base white; bill and feet black (in skin). Wing (type), 50; tail, 45;
exposed culmen, 9; tarsus, 15.
Adult female similar, but colors lighter and duller, especially below;
supraloral streak white.
Type, No. 62,036, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Tamanoir,
French Guiana, June 9, 1917; Samuel M. Klages.
Sublegatus glaber obscurior, subsp. nov.
Similar to Sublegatus glaber glaber Sclater and Salvin, but darker and
duller in general coloration, the upper parts nearer dark olive gray than
grayish olive; the throat and breast deeper gray; and the posterior under
parts paler, duller yellow. Bill as large as in true glaber.
Type, No. 56,689, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Cayenne,
French Guiana, March 7, 1917; Samuel M. Klages.
Sayornis latirostris fumigatus, subsp. nov.
Similar to Sayornis latirostris latirostris (Cabanis and Heine), but general
coloration obviously darker and blacker.
Type, No. 44,508, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult female; Don
Diego, Santa Marta, Colombia, January 20, 1914; M. A. Carriker, Jr.
Sirystes albocinereus subcanescens, subsp. nov.
Similar to Sirystes albocinereus albocinereus Sclater and Salvin, but bill
larger (20 mm.), and throat and breast much grayer, the flammulations
more distinct and more extended posteriorly.
Type, No. 68 697, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult female; Upper
Rocana, northern Para, Brazil; June 27, 1918; Samuel M. Klages.
Todd — New South American Birds. 73
Cercomacra tyrannina laeta, subsp. nov.
Adult male very similar to that of Cercomacra tyrannina tyrannina of
the Bogota region of Colombia, but the wings and tail generally duller
and more brownish. Adult female constantly paler and more uniform
below than in tyrannina, with less brownish wash on the sides and flanks.
Judging from the diagnoses, this form cannot be the same as the races
recently described from British Guiana and western Ecuador, respectively
(cf. Chubb, Bulletin British Ornithologists' Club, vol. 38, 1918, 85).
Type, No. 69,242, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult female; Benevides,
Para, Brazil, September 5, 1918; Samuel M. Klages.
Myrmopagis paraensis, sp. nov.
Adult male: above plain slate gray, the sides of the head with some
whitish mottling or streaking; scapulars white, the longer ones slate
gray, externally margined with white, bordering a streak of black; lesser
and middle coverts white, tipped with black; greater coverts similar,
but more or less slate gray medially ; remiges dusky, externally slate gray,
with whitish inner margins, and the two outermost primaries with narrow
white outer margins; tail black, the feathers edged with slate color, the
middle rectrices entirely slate color ; all the rectrices narrowly tipped with
white; throat and middle of the breast black; sides of the breast plain
slate gray like the back; rest of the under parts plain light gray (gull gray),
fading to nearly white on the crissum ; under wing-coverts similar, mottled
with black toward the outer edge; bill and feet black (in skin). Wing
(type), 62; tail, 32; exposed culmen, 11.5; tarsus, 15.
Female: above, including external margins of wings and tail, light
brownish olive ; tips of wing-coverts paler (isabella color) ; inner margins
of remiges whitish; tail-feathers with slight buffy terminal spots; sides of
head and entire under surface plain deep cinnamon buff, the sides and
flanks with darker shading; under wing-coverts also deep cinnamon buff;
bill black above, pale below; feet black (in skin).
This is the Myrmotherula longipennis of Hellmayr, Novitates Zoologicae
XII, 1905, p. 286; XIII, 1906, p. 369, etc.; also of von Ihering, Revista
Museu Paulista, VI, 1904, p. 441, pi. 15, fig. 2, which is an excellent
representation. M. longipennis, however, as shown by the series con-
sulted in this connection, has a very differently colored female from the
present form, although the males are similar. M. iheringi Snethlage
(Ornithologische Monatsberichte, XXII, 1914, p. 41) cannot be the same
if the description is correct.
Type, No. 69,244, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Benevides,
Para, Brazil, September 5, 1918; Samuel M. Klages.
Formicarius ruficeps orinocensis, subsp. nov.
Similar to Formicarius ruficeps amazonicus Hellmayr, but decidedly
more brownish (nearest raw umber), less olivaceous above, and on the
wings and tail; pileum obviously darker (chestnut instead of Sanford's
7-4 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
brown), with the lateral margin but little paler; and the under wing-
coverts and base of the primaries below deeper rusty buff.
Type, No. 32,186, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; La Lajita,
Rio Caura, Venezuela, November 3, 1909; M. A. Carriker, Jr.
Sclerurus rufigularis fulvigularis, subsp. nov.
Near Sclerurus rufigularis rufigularis von Pelzeln of northern Brazil,
but throat and breast paler (more buffy, less rufescent) and less uniform,
with distinct flammulations.
Type, No. 60,822, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Tamanoir,
French Guiana, April 23, 1917; Samuel M. Klages.
Microxenops milleri guianensis, subsp. nov.
Similar to Microxenops milleri milleri Chapman, from the headwaters
of the Orinoco, with which it agrees in pattern of coloration, but bill more
slender, and tail longer; wing-coverts more rusty, and bend of wing and
under wing-coverts deeper in tone; pileum darker, with the stripes more
rusty and more sharply defined. Wing (type), 66; tail, 38; exposed cul-
men, 12; tarsus, 15.
Type, No. 61,307, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Tamanoir,
French Guiana, May 8, 1917; Samuel M. Klages.
Furnarius leucopus exilis, subsp. nov.
Similar to Furnarius leucopus agnatus Sclater and Salvin, but decidedly
more deeply colored throughout, and wing and bill shorter. Wing (type),
89; tail, 52; exposed culmen, 23.
Type, No. 49,568, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male, Fundacion,
Santa Marta, Colombia, October 11, 1915; M. A. Carriker, Jr.
Dendrocolaptes certhia medius, subsp. nov.
Similar to Dendrocolaptes certhia certhia (Boddaert), of Guiana, etc.,
but under parts obviously paler, less rufescent, with the cross-barring
narrower and less distinct.
Type, No. 69,352, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Benevides,
Para, Brazil, September 17, 1918; Samuel M. Klages.
Veniliornis oleaginus exsul, subsp. nov.
Similar to Veniliornis oleaginus fumigatus (Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny),
but averaging darker, deeper, brownish olive below (in the dark phase), and
obviously more uniform.
Type, No. 38,652, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Sierra
Nevada de Santa Marta (6000 feet), Colombia, April 1, 1912; M. A.
Carriker, Jr.
Nyctipolus maculosus, sp. nov.
Above mottled gray and rusty buff, the pileum with broad and distinct
mesial streaks of black, narrowing on the hindneck; scapulars with broad
outer margins of ochraceous buff, preceded by a black area; lesser wing-
coverts black, with irregular bars and spots of chestnut; middle and greater
coverts similar, with terminal spots of buffy or ochraceous buff; primaries
Todd — New South American Birds. 75
black, the four outer ones with a white spot about midway of their length,
confined to the inner web on the outermost, and increasing in size towards
the inner feathers, being 7 mm. wide on the fourth primary (from the
outside), but merely indicated on the fifth; secondaries black, with in-
complete and irregular bars of chestnut; sides of head rich brown (argus
brown), the auricular region almost uniform, but elsewhere mottled with
black ; chin and upper throat mottled black and antique brown ; sides of
the throat silky white, forming two distinct spots, separated by a line
of black-tipped ochraceous buff feathers; breast and rest of under parts
rich buff, paler posteriorly, barred with black, this barring more regular
on the flanks and crissum; under wing-coverts similar; tail black, the
outermost pair of rectrices with an oblong white spot on the inner web
at the tip, the next two pairs with broad white tips on both webs (25 mm.
long), and all marked with indistinct and irregular bands of mottled gray
or ochraeous, very conspicuous on the middle feathers, but merely in-
dicated on the outermost. Wing (type), 139; tail, 112; exposed oilmen,
8; tarsus, 17.5.
Type, No. 60,854, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Tamanoir,
French Guiana, April 24, 1917; Samuel M. Klages.
Vol. 33, pp. 77-82 December 30, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OF THB
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
FIVE NEW SPECIES OF BIRDS FROM CAVE DEPOSITS
IN PORTO RICO.
BY ALEXANDER WETMORE.
During identification of a considerable collection of bird
bones secured in Porto Rican Caves by H. E. Anthony of the
American Museum, several species new to science have come
to light. A complete report on the entire collection is in
course of preparation, but as it is not practicable to complete
it at the present time the new forms are presented in the follow-
ing diagnoses. It will be seen that the cave fauna of the island
offers avian species as remarkable as those that have been
described by Mr. Anthony among mammals.1
Polyborus latebrosus, sp. nov.
Characters. — Metacarpus similar to that of Polyborus cheriway (Jacquin)2
but slightly larger; first metacarpal proportionately higher, more massive
especially at the base (when viewed from behind), and with less inward
flexure at the tip; proximal end of third metacarpal with surface slightly
excavated to form a concavity; excavation anterior to pisiform process
more distinctly delimited; inner margin of condyle raised in a distinct
crest.
Description. — Type, Cat. No. 4921, Dept. Vert. Pal., American Museum
Nat. Hist., proximal end of right metacarpus, from cave on the property
of Don Gervacio Toraflo, near Utuado, Porto Rico, collected July 2, 1916,
by H. E. Anthony.
Metacarpus with first metacarpal strong and massive especially at
the base; head produced and slightly enlarged at extremity, showing a
very slight inward flexure; articular surface for pollex broadened, supported
by a basal buttress; a slight notch posteriorly at base marking junction
1 The Indigenous Land Mammals of Porto Rico, Living and Extinct. Mem. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., N. S., Vol. II, Oct. 12, 1918, pp. 333-435, 20 plates, 55 text figures.
2 Skeletons of Polyborus cheriway used in the present studies come from Florida.
15— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (77)
78 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
with second metacarpal; two minute foramina on either side at base;
a shallow anterior carpal fossa on posterior face ; outline of carpal articula-
tion viewed from inner side forming part of an ellipse with axis vertical,
the posterior margin forming one side of the ellipse; upper margin here
produced in a distinct ridge; posterior carpal fossa slight; pisiform process
low; internal ligamentous fossa deeply impressed; a distinct elongate fossa
on inner surface anterior to pisiform process, sharply marked by inner
extension of margin of third metacarpal as a distinct ridge ; base of second
metacarpal strong and heavy ; lower surface of third metacarpal distinctly
excavated so that it is concave.
Measurements. — (Of type.) Extreme height (through crest of first
metacarpal) 16 mm.; length of first metacarpal 9.2 mm.; diameter of base
of first metacarpal (behind expansion for pollex) 2.5 mm.
Range. — Known only from cave on the property of Don Gervacio
Torano near Utuado, Porto Rico. (Extinct.)
Remarks. — The present species as shown by the characters of the few
fragments available seems to stand intermediate between Polyborus
cheriway (Jacquin) and P. plancus Miller. Its discovery marks an ex-
tension of range for the genus, as P. cheriway, its nearest neighbor in a
geographical sense, does not pass in the West Indies beyond Cuba and the
Isle of Pines, while on the southward it reaches only to Trinidad and cer-
tain small islands near the coast of Venezuela.
Gallinago anthonyi, sp. nov.1
Characters. — Humerus similar to that of Gallinago delicata (Ord), but
distinctly larger and longer; ectepicondylar process shorter ; crista superior
relatively smaller.
Description. — Type, Cat. No. 4922, Dept. Vert. Pal., American Museum
Nat. Hist., right humerus, from Cueva Catedral, near Morovis, Porto
Rico, collected in July, 1916, by H. E. Anthony.
Humerus with head comparatively broad, crista superior relatively
low and slightly developed, projecting outward nearly at right angles to
shaft, with the projecting margin strongly rounded in outline; fossa sub-
trochanterica rather shallow; no pneumatic foramen; nutrient foramen
situated well above middle of bone 17 mm. from extremity of caput humeri ;
shaft comparatively strong, much flattened and broadened toward distal
end; base of ectepicondylar process low, summit distant 5.6 mm. from
extremity of radial condyle (tip of process broken away) ; depression for
brachialis inferior broad and well marked; ulnar condyle elongate.
Measurements. — (Of type.) Total length 43.4 mm.; greatest breadth
of head 10.7 mm. ; lateral diameter of shaft at center 3.4 mm. ; intercondylar
breadth 7 mm.
Range. — Known from Cueva Catedral and Cueva Clara, near Morovis,
Porto Rico. (Extinct.)
Remarks. — This peculiar snipe is distinctly larger than Gallinago delicata
1 Named in honor of H. E. Anthony, of the American Museum of Natural History.
Wetmore — New Species from Cave Deposits. 79
and shows some affinities with the larger jack snipes found in South Amer-
ica. It seems thus to introduce an element hitherto unknown in the
West Indian Fauna.
Oreopeleia larva, sp. nov.
Characters. — Metatarsus similar to that of Oreopeleia leucometopius
Chapman from Santo Domingo, but distinctly longer.
Description. — Type, Cat. No. 4923, Dept. Vert. Pal., American Museum
Nat. Hist., left metatarsus, from La Cueva Clara, near Morovis, Porto
Rico, collected in July, 1916, by H. E. Anthony.
External glenoid facet concave, with a high external border near center,
rudely elliptical in outline; internal glenoid facet also with high external
border, nearly circular in form; intercondylar prominence strong, in form
resembling a truncated cone, with the apical surface sloping anteriorly;
anterior semilunar groove very slight; anterior surface of bone below
head excavated in a long groove that lies mainly on the inner side; both
external and internal superior foramina present, the first penetrating
through to opposite side; insertion of tibialis anticus tendon slight; outer
anterior margin ridged to a point below the anterior groove where the
entire bone shows a broad flattened surface; inner crest of talon very
slightly indicated; outer crest strong and heavy with the posterior semi-
lunar groove well developed; outer head of talon with one median per-
foration and two external grooves, that are not closed; posteriorly the
talon is produced in a thin sharp ridge that descends rapidly to merge
with the body of the bone at the anterior third of its length; junction of
talon with shaft marked externally by a low ridge that curves anteriorly;
internal margin of bone produced anteriorly as a thin plate that slopes
in a curve to join the talon and that has a sharp outer margin; shaft
greatly flattened distally; a raised line extending from the crest of the
talon down the center of the shaft behind to curve outward finally to the
base of the outer trochlea; another less definite line passes to the inner
trochlea; inner trochlea produced outward and backward as an angular
projection with a flattened lateral point; middle trochlea projecting well
beyond other two, rounded in outline, flattened laterally, with excavated
sides and a deep median channel; outer trochlea strong and heavy, pro-
duced outwardly and posteriorly and excavated behind, where it is also
heavily grooved; a large external inferior foramen and a faintly indicated
internal one.
Measurements. — (Of type.) Total length 39.5 mm., smallest transverse
diameter of shaft 2.5 mm., breadth of head 6.7 mm., breadth across trochlea
7 mm., depth through talon 6.5 mm.
Range. — Known from Cueva Clara and Cueva Catedral near Morovis,
and a cave on the property of Don Gervacio Torafio near Utuado. (Ex-
tinct.)
Remarks. — The diagnosis given for this Quail-Dove is necessarily
brief because of lack of osteological material for comparison, but is suffi-
cient to point out the character of greater length of leg distinguishing
80 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
it. It is evidently closely allied to Oreopeleia leucometopius Chapman
from Santo Domingo and apparently was a Porto Rican representative of
the Oreopeleia caniceps-leucometopius group of species. The only other
species with which larva might be confused is Oreopeleia martinica from
the Lesser Antilles, a species that on the average has a distinctly shorter
tarsus according to Mr. Ridgway1 (from 29.5 to 36.5 mm. irrespective of
sex) . Exceptional individuals of martinica have the tarsus nearly as long
as in 0. larva. These, however, may be readily distinguished from larva
by the more slender shaft of the metatarsus, a character in which mar-
tinica agrees with the smaller Oreopeleia montana. At least ten or a dozen
individuals of larva are represented in the material at hand so that it
would appear that at one time this Quail-Dove had been a common species.
Tyto cavatica, sp. nov.
Characters. — Metatarsus similar to that of Tyto glaucops (Kaup) from
Santo Domingo, but with internal head of talon larger and much longer,
the lower margin more elongated; tubercle for insertion of tibialis anticus
tendon heavier.
Description. — Type, Cat. No. 4924, Dept. Vert. Pal., American Museum
Nat. Hist., proximal three-fourths of a left metatarsus from cave on the
property of Don Gervacio TorafLo, near Utuado, Porto Rico, collected
July 2, 1916, by H. E. Anthony.
Metatarsus with base supporting inner head of talon long, sloping gradu-
ally below and truncate in front (crest of talon missing in type) ; posterior
semi-lunar groove deep and narrow; anterior semi-lunar groove shallow;
inner glenoid facet moderately impressed and concave ; outer glenoid facet
smooth without marked depression; entire posterior face of bone deeply
grooved; ridge bearing inner head of talon swung over slightly toward
center from inner margin, with a marked depression on inner face of the
crest; outer side of metatarsus flattened, with angular margins, becoming
narrower in a curving line toward head of bone, and expanding again
slightly to support outer glenoid surface; anterior surface of bone excavated
proximally in an elongate, roughly triangular groove; tubercle for inser-
tion of tibialis anticus long and strong, extending well toward head of
bone; lower end of bone with a distinct forward flexure; no osseous loop
for extensor digitorum communis tendon.
Measurements. — (Of type.) Lateral diameter of head across articular
surface 10 mm.; lateral diameter of shaft near center 4 mm.; length of
base of inner head of talon 8.7 mm.
Range. — Known only from cave on property of Don Gervacio Torafio,
near Utuado, Porto Rico. (Extinct.)
Remarks. — This species is known from the proximal ends of right and
left metatarsi and parts of two tibio-tarsi all taken in one cave. Ap-
parently two individuals are represented as otherwise the range in pro-
» Bull. 50, U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 7, 1916, p. 477.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1020.
Plate 2.
Figs. 1 and 2. — Right humerus, type of Gallinago anthonyi.
Figs 3 and 4. — Right ulna, type of Corvus pumilis.
Figs. 5 and 6. — Broken right metacarpus, type of Polyborus latebrosus.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920.
Plate 3.
Pigs. 1 and 2. — Left metatarsus, type of Oreopeleia larva.
Figs. 3 and 4. — Broken left metatarsus, type of Tyto cavatica.
Figs. 5 and 6. — Broken right metatarsus of Tyto cavatica.
Wetmore — New Species from Cave Deposits. 81
portions in the different bones is without explanation. Tyto cavatica is
a small barn owl of the group of species containing Tyto glaucops, insularis
and bargei and like these is distinct specifically from Tyto perlata of the
North American continent, Cuba and the Bahamas.
Corvus pumilis, sp. nov.
Characters. — Ulna similar to that of Corvus palmarum Wiirttemberg,
but distinctly longer, olecranon relatively longer, heavier and broader at
tip; external margin bounding carpal articulation more produced; and shaft
compressed to form an angular margin on inner side directly above carpal
articulation.
Description. — Type, Cat. No. 4925, Dept. Vert. Pal., American Museum
Nat. Hist., right ulna, from Cueva San Miguel, near Morovis, Porto Rico,
collected in July, 1916, by H. E. Anthony.
Ulna with olecranon produced and strong, tip broad and blunt on the
end, where it is impressed by an indistinct shallow pit; internal glenoid
surface broadly elliptical, placed obliquely to the axis of the bone and
with a shallow raised margin; external glenoid surface produced as a thin
flattened plate, with outer margin slightly rounded and postero-external
edge produced to form a right angle; insertion of external portion of
triceps marked by an angular ridge ; a distinct external ridge with an acute
margin on shaft immediately below head; shaft with a slight external
convexity; nutrient foramen on inner surface, 25 millimeters from ex-
tremity of olecranon; paillae for attachment of secondaries fairly promi-
nent; external margin of carpal head produced, extending slightly beyond
margin of shaft.
Measurements. — (Of type.) Total length 68 mm., diameter of shaft
on external surface 4 mm.
Range. — Known only from Cueva San Miguel near Morovis, Porto
Rico. (Extinct.)
Remarks. — This species is represented by a single ulna from Cueva
San Miguel near Morovis. From Corvus leucognaphalus, known as a
living bird in Porto Rico, the present species is distinguished readily
by its smaller size. In study skins of four females of C. leucognaphalus
that I collected during 1912 on the eastern slopes of El Yunque de Lu-
quillo in Porto Rico, the ulna measures 75 mm. in length in three speci-
mens, and 76 mm. in the fourth. As the female in leucognaphalus is
distinctly smaller than the male it will be seen at once that the ulna from
Morovis, with a total length of 68 mm., lies well outside the range of
variation in leucognaphalus. In a skeleton of C. palmarum, the small crow
from Santo Domingo, the ulna measures 62 mm. The species described
here is intermediate in size between palmarum and leucognaphalus and
thus is larger also than C. minutus from Cuba, or the peculiar slaty
colored C. jamaicensis from Jamaica.
In former years, therefore, there were two types of the genus Corvus
on Porto Rico as there are today on Cuba and on Santo Domingo.
Vol. 33, pp. 83-84 December 30, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
MUTANDA ORNITHOLOGICA.
IX.
BY HARRY C. OBERHOLSER.
Further notes1 on untenable names of birds are furnished
below. These refer to species in the families Corvidae, Mota-
cillidae, Sylviidae, Turdoididae, and Timaliidae.
Family CORVIDAE.
Dendrocitta sinensis (Latham).
The name Dendrocitta sinensis for a Chinese jay must now be changed,
since its basis, Corvus sinensis Latham (Index Ornith., I, 1790, p. 161;
Macao Island, China), is found to be preoccupied by Corvus sinensis
Gmelin (Syst. Nat., I, i, 1788, p. 372; China) for another and unidentified
species. Since no other name is available for Dendrocitta sinensis, we
propose to call it Dendrocitta celadina, nom. nov.
Family MOTACILLIDAE.
Motacilla longicauda Riippell.
The name Motacilla longicauda Riippell (Neue Wirb. Faun. Abyss.,
Vog., 1835, p. 84, pi. XIX, fig. 2; Province of Simen, Abyssinia), for a well
known African wagtail, is untenable on account of the previous Motacilla
longicauda Gmelin (Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, p. 954, China), a synonym of
Sutoria sutoria (Forster). Its only synonym, Motacilla longicaudata
Grant and Reid (Ibis, ser. 8, I, No. IV, October, 1901, p. 630; nom. emend,
pro Motacilla longicauda Riippell), is preoccupied by Motacilla longicau-
data Hermann (Observ. Zool., 1804, p. 210; no locality). A new specific
designation is therefore necessary for Motacilla longicauda Riippell, and
we provide it in Motacilla rhadinura, nom. nov.
1 For the eight previous articles in this series, cf. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, March
31, 1917, pp. 75-76; July 27, 1917, pp. 125-126; ibid., 31, May 16, 1918, pp. 47-49;
November 29, 1918, pp. 125-126; ibid., 32, February 14, 1919, pp. 7-8; April 11, 1919,
pp. 21-22; June 27, 1919, pp. 127-128; December 31, 1919, pp. 239-240.
16 — Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (83)
84 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington .
Family SYLVIIDAE.
Eremomela flaviventris (Burchell) .
The name of the South African warbler now known as Eremomela
flaviventris is invalidated because it was originally described as Sylvia
flaviventris Burchell (Trav. South Air., I, 1822, p. 335, note; Asbestos
Mountains, 14 miles north of the Orange River, Griqualand West, South
Africa), and because this is preoccupied by Sylvia flaviventris Vieillot
(Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XI, 1817, p. 241; Paris, France), which is
now relegated to the synonymy of Phylloscopus trochilus (Linnaeus). It
has apparently no synonym, and we therefore rechristen it Eremomela
griseoflava perimacha, nom. nov. It is here treated as a subspecies of
Eremomela griseoflava Heuglin (Journ. f. Ornith., 1862, p. 40), since this
name now becomes the earliest one among all the forms of this species
and must, therefore, from a nomenclatural standpoint, become the typical
race. These subspecies will now stand as follows:
Eremomela griseoflava griseoflava Heuglin.
Eremomela griseoflava abdominalis Reichenow.
Eremomela griseoflava sharpei Reichenow.
Eremomela griseoflava perimacha Oberholser.
Eremomela griseoflava erlangeri Reichenow.
Eremomela griseoflava flavicrissalis Sharpe.
Family TURDOIDIDAE.
Crateropus griseus (Gmelin).
The Turdus griseus of Gmelin (Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1769, p. 824; Coromandel
Coast, India), which is now in use for an Indian babbling thrush in the
combination Crateropus griseus, is preoccupied by Turdus griseus Bod-
daert (Tabl. Planch. Enlum. d'Hist. Nat., 1783, p. 39; Cayenne), which
is now called Microrhopias grisea (Boddaert). Dr. C. W. Richmond has
already called attention (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., LIU, August 16, 1917,
p. 627) to the fact that the generic name Crateropus Swainson must be
superseded by Turdoides Cretzschmar. In view of this and of the fact
that Crateropus griseus, lacking synonyms, is in need of a new name, we
propose that it be known as Turdoides polioplocamus Oberholser, nom.
nov.
Family TIMAUIDAE.
Arrenga cyanea (Horsfield).
This Javan species, the Turdus cyaneus of Horsfield (Trans. Linn.
Soc. Lond., XIII, May, 1821, p. 149; Java), can no longer be called by its
present specific name, because this is ineligible for further use on account
of the earlier Turdus cyaneus of Mxiller (Vollstand. Natursyst. Suppl.,
1776, p. 145; Cape of Good Hope, southern Africa), applied to some other
bird. The next and only other available specific designation appears to be
Pitta glaucina Temminck (Nouv. Rec. Planch. Col. d'Ois., II, livr. 33,
1823, pi. 194; Java); and the name of this bird, should, therefore, hence-
forth be Arrenga glaucina (Temminck).
Vol. 33, pp. 85-88 December 30, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OF TUB
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
DESCRIPTIONS OF FIVE NEW SUBSPECIES OF
CYORNIS.
BY HARRY C. OBERHOLSER.
The following new forms of the genus of Flycatchers com-
monly known as Cyornis Blyth are in the United States National
Museum collection. They were brought to light in an in-
vestigation of the forms of this genus, having in view a mono-
graph of the group, but as this has now been undertaken by
Mr. C. Boden Kloss, it seems advisable to publish preliminary
descriptions of these new forms.
Cyornis rubeculoides chersonesites, subsp. nov.
Chars, subsp. — Similar to Cyornis rubeculoides rubeculoides from Nepal,
but male darker above; more whitish (less rufous) on the posterior lower
parts; female darker and less rufescent (more grayish) above; throat
more deeply or brightly ochraceous.
Description.— Type, adult male; No. 160623, U. S. Nat. Mus.; Trang,
Lower Siam, Malay Peninsula, February 15, 1897; Dr. W. L. Abbott.
Forehead and short superciliary stripe king's blue, but the posterior portion
of the superciliary stripe Venetian blue; pileum and cervix indigo blue;
remainder of upper parts dark tyrian blue, verging, on the rump and upper
tail-coverts, toward dark orient blue; tail brownish black, with edgings
of dark blue, between dark orient blue and dark tyrian blue ; wings chaetura
drab, with edgings of blue of the same shade as the back, but lesser coverts
between eaton blue and jay blue; nasal bristles and lores dull black;
sides of head and of neck like the cervix; chin, throat (all but middle line)
and sides of breast bluish black ; middle line of throat between ochraceous
buff and ochraceous orange; jugulum and upper breast between xanthine
orange and sudan brown; rest of lower parts white, the sides anteriorly
a little streaked with the color of the breast, posteriorly together with the
flanks, washed with buff; thighs dull black washed with deep blue; axillars
and inner under wing-coverts dull light buff, outer under wing-coverts
17— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (85)
86 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
chaetura black margined with the blue of the wing edgings; "bill black;
iris dark brown."
Measurements of type. — Wing, 70 mm.; tail, 58.5; exposed culmen, 12;
tarsus, 18.
Geographic distribution. — Malay Peninsula and southern Tenasserim.
Cyornis banyumas nesaea, subsp. nov.
Chars, subsp. — Similar to Cyornis banyumas tickelliae from India, but
upper parts darker, and posterior lower surface much more extensively
whitish, the crissum entirely white.
Description.— Type, adult male; No. 201395, U. S. Nat. Mus. ; Walgame,
Ceylon; May 3, 1894. Forehead and superciliary stripe dull yale blue;
upper parts deep delft blue, posteriorly rather lighter and brighter; upper
tail-covtrts between blanc's blue and dark orient blue; tail chaetura black,
the outer webs basally like the upper tail-coverts, but distally duller and
of a darker blue; wings chaetura drab, the primaries and secondaries edged
on their outer webs with the color of the back, the superior wing-coverts
dull gendarme blue; lores and nasal bristles dull black; sides of head,
neck, and of breast, like the cervix; anterior part of chin bluish black;
throat and posterior portion of chin, between cinnamon buff and antimony
yellow; jugulum and upper breast, between clay color and yellow ochre;
lower breast and abdomen white; sides and flanks, between warm buff
and light buff; thighs dull black, washed with dark blue, the feathers edged
with whitish; axillars light buff; under wing-coverts chaetura black, the
inner feathers edged broadly with white, and the outer feathers broadly
margined with the blue of the upper wing-coverts.
Measurements of type. — Wing, 68 mm.; tail, 58; exposed culmen, 11.5;
tarsus, 16.5
Geographic distribution. — Ceylon.
Cyornis banyumas calocephala, subsp. nov.
Chars, subsp. — Similar to Cyornis banyumas nesaea from Ceylon, but
upper parts much darker and less greenish; black chin area larger; throat
and breast much more deeply rufous; crissum and sides also deeply rufous
instead of almost pure white.
Type.— Adult male; No. 180606, U. S. Nat. Mus.; Tanjong Tedong,
Banka Island; June 5, 1904; Dr. W. L. Abbott.
Measurements of type. — Wing, 71.5 mm.; tail, 56; exposed culmen,
11.5; tarsus, 17.
Geographic distribution. — Banka Island off the southeastern end of
Sumatra.
Remarks. — This new form is apparently most closely allied to Cyornis
banyumas rufigastris (Raffles) from Sumatra, but from this race it differs
in its smaller size; much darker, more purplish blue upper parts and sides of
neck, and much more deeply ochraceous crissum and anterior lower parts
It is apparently confined to the island of Banka.
Oberholser — New Subspecies of Cyornis. 87
Cyornis elegans rupatensis, subsp. nov.
Chars, subsp. — Similar to Cyornis elegans elegans from northern and
western Sumatra, but much darker above and on throat; the ochraceous
of breast darker; and posterior lower parts more strongly tinged with
ochraceous.
Description. — Type, adult male; No. 181145; Rupat Strait, southeastern
Sumatra; February 26, 1906; Dr. W. L. Abbott. Forehead and super-
ciliary stripe, rather dark salvia blue ; pileum, cervix, scapulars, and back,
between Hortense blue and dusky blue, the pileum darker, the middle of
upper back somewhat lighter and more like eaton blue; rump and upper
tail-coverts, between methyl blue and light methyl blue; tail dull black,
the edges of the rectrices prussian blue; wings chaetura black, the edges of
the feathers between prussian blue and cyanine blue, the lesser and middle
wing-coverts lighter; nasal bristles and lores, dull black washed with
dark blue; sides of head, of neck, and of breast, like the cervix; chin and
throat, eaton blue; jugulum and upper breast, ochraceous tawny; sides
and flanks, between buff and pale buff; middle of lower breast, together
with abdomen and crissum, dull creamy white, the crissum slightly washed
with dull buff; thighs dull black washed with deep blue, the feathers edged
with whitish; axillars dull white washed with bluish; under wing-coverts
chaetura drab, the antero-exterior portion blue like the lesser upper wing-
coverts, the intero-posterior portion pale dull buff.
Measurements of type. — Wing, 74.5 mm.; tail, 58; exposed culmen, 12;
tarsus, 18.5.
Geographic distribution. — Vicinity of Rupat Strait, along the south-
eastern coast of Sumatra.
Cyornis elegans antelia, subsp. nov.
Chars, subsp. — Similar to Cyornis elegans rupatensis from Rupat Strait,
southeastern Sumatra, but upper parts lighter and rather more greenish;
throat paler; jugulum darker; posterior lower parts more purely white
(less tinged with buff).
Type.— Adult male ; No. 248067, U. S. Nat. Mus. ; Long Iram, eastern
Borneo; March 7, 1914; H. C. Raven; original number 1262.
Measurements of type. — Wing, 77 mm.; tail, 60.5; exposed culmen, 12;
height of bill at base, 4.5; tarsus, 17.5; middle toe without claw, 12.
Geographic distribution. — Born o.
Remarks. — This new race differs from Cyornis elegans elegans from
western and northern Sumatra in the paler ochraceous of the breast, and
the more whitish lining of the wing in the male; and in the slightly darker,
less greenish, upper parts and less deeply rufous lower parts of the female.
It is apparently confined to Borneo.
Vol. 33, pp. 89-90 December 30, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
SICYDIUM MONTANUM, A NEW SPECIES OF GOBY
FROM VENEZUELA.
BY CARL L. HUBBS.
Dr. Ned Dearborn collected on February 1, 1908, in a moun-
tain brook at Macuto, Caracas, Venezuela, eleven specimens
of a small goby belonging to the genus Sicydiutn. The species
is undescribed, and related to 5. punctatum Perugia and S.
buscki Evermann and Clark, but differs from both in its still
larger scales, in coloration, and in other characters.
Sicydium montanum, new species.
Holotype. — A specimen 29 mm. long (to caudal), Cat. No. 9053, Field
Museum of Natural History; collected by Ned Dearborn in a mountain
brook at Macuto, Caracas, Venezuela (February 1, 1908). Paratypes —
Ten specimens taken with the holotype, 21 to 28 mm. long.
Dorsal rays, VI-I, 10; anal, I, 9 (9 or 10).
Scales comparatively large, about 48 (to 46) in a median series from
upper edge of pectoral to end of last vertebra. Each scale deeply sculp-
tured over the greater portion of its surface by long basal radii, but bearing
a few strong hastate spines in a single series near its posterior margin.
Scales obsolescent above pectoral fins and on nape, absent from belly.
Body slender, scarcely compressed anteriorly; greatest depth, 5.4 (to
about 7.0) in body; depth of caudal peduncle, 1.6 in its length from end
of anal base, 2.3 (to 2.5) in head.
Head blunt, and a little depressed, flattened above; its length, 4.25
(4.0 to 4.5). Eye placed high, its upper edge entering the profile of the
head; its length, about 4^0 in head; interorbital a little narrower than eye.
Snout blunt, overhanging the inferior mouth, its length 2.8 in head (shorter
in young, in which it is about as long as the eye, and contained about 4.0
times in the head. Upper jaw, 2.5 in head, extending horizontally back-
ward slightly beyond the vertical from middle of pupil (mouth smaller in
young). Premaxillary teeth brownish, set comb-like in a single series
along a wide arch. Mandible included; its teeth entirely pale, fewer,
18— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (89)
90 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
larger and less regularly arranged than those of the upper jaw. Gill-slit
about as wide as gape.
Spinous dorsal rather high, the second and third spines longest, 1.35
(1.25 to 1.7) in head, equal to length of anal base or to length of pectoral
fin; interdorsal space about as long as eye; second dorsal originating before
vertical from anus, its height about 2.0 in head. Caudal fin rounded, as
long as head. Length of pelvic disc, 1.7.
Color pattern rather sharply defined; six cross bars or blotches, ex-
tending downward across middle of sides, present between middle of
spinous dorsal and caudal base, all more or less fused medially to form a
longitudinal streak. Three narrow and irregular bars diverging downward
on each side from the nape. Sides of head and snout darkened; under
surface of head not punctate. Spines of first dorsal dark; second dorsal
fin conspicuously spotted or blotched with dark; the dark spot on base
of caudal widely fused with last blotch on body; anal fin with a blackish
subterminal streak; pectoral fins with basal mottling; pelvics unmarked;
all of the fins more or less dusky.
In some specimens the bars arc more sharply distinct than in the type,
while in others the longitudinal dark band, formed by the fusing of the
bars along the middle of the sides, is more conspicuous, and is continued
forward around the snout. In some paratypes the bars diverge upward
to enclose a light area between the two arms of a V-shaped mark, and the
bars before the spinous dorsal are divided to form five or six zebra -like
markings.
Vol. 33, pp. 91-92 December 30, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW CHIPMUNK FROM GLACIER
NATIONAL PARK, MONTANA.
BY ARTHUR H. HOWELL.
Faunal studies of the chipmunks of Montana have shown
the necessity for recognizing an undescribed species of Eutamias
from the eastern slopes of the main Rocky Mountain divide,
specimens of which have been in the Biological Survey collection
for many years. It may be described as follows:
Eutamias ruficaudus, sp. nov. Rufous-tailed Chipmunk.
Type. — No. 72294, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collec-
tion; adult male, skin and skull; from Upper St. Mary's Lake, Montana;
collected May 30, 1895, by A. H. Howell; original number 27.
Specific characters. — Similar to Eutamias umbrinus, but coloration de-
cidedly more rufescent; head and face more tawny (lrss grayish); dorsal
stripes and spots behind ears less whitish; under side of tail deeper reddish.
Description of type (unworn winter pelage). — Sides of nose cinnamon;
top of head and face, cinnamon, mixed with grayish white and bordered
with fuscous; stripe from tip of nose above the eye to anterior base of ear
and another beneath the eye to posterior base of ear buffy white, these
light stripes bordered on each side with fuscous stripes mixed with tawny
(the median one in front of and behind the eye) ; ears fuscous, with a rather
broad band of pinkish buff on posterior margin ; inside of ear clothed with
tawny hairs; median dorsal stripe (extending from crown to root of tail)
and lateral pair of dark stripes black or fuscous black, slightly mixed with
tawny; alternate dorsal stripes (four in number) grayish white, mixed
with tawny, the median pair shading anteriorly into the color of the
crown, the outer pair bordered beneath with an indistinct stripe of fuscous
black; sides of body deep tawny; thighs and rump mixed cinnamon and
grayish white, producing a drabby tone; fore- and hind-feet pinkish cin-
namon, the toes washed with pinkish buff; underparts grayish white,
faintly washed with pale pinkish buff; under side of tail, Sanford brown,
19— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vou 33, 1920. (91)
92 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
bordered with fuscous black and edged with pinkish cinnamon; same shades
above, but colors more intimately mixed and the blackish more prominent.
Skull. — Closely similar to that of umbrinus, but avf raging slightly
larger; and broader across zygomata.
Measurements. — Type (male adult) ; total length, 227 mm. ; tail vertebrae,
118; hind foot (dry) 33.8. Skull. — Occipito-nasal length, 35; zygomatic
breadth, 19.5; mastoidal breadth, 15.6; least interorbital breadth, 7.6;
length of nasals, 11.2.
Remarks. — This handsome chipmunk is apparently a well-marked species,
belonging in the quadrivittatus-umbrinus group, but not at present known
to intergrade with umbrinus. It bears some resemblance to Eutamias
felix from the coast region of British Columbia, but may be distinguished
from that species by its whiter belly, more reddish tail, more whitish
dorsal stripes, and larger skull with longer rostrum.
The species is represented by a series of 26 specimens from the Glacier
Park region (St. Mary's Lake, Bear Creek, Summit, Paola, and Lake
McDonald) and 13 specimens from the Bitterroot Mountains (Florence,
Bass Creek, and mountains east of Corvallis). Nearly all are in unworn
winter pelage, the summer pelage being imperfectly known. Under the
name of "forest chipmunk," Bailey has described its habits and range in
the Glacier Park region.1
1 Bailey, Vernon, Wild Animals of Glacier National Park, 1918, p. 42.
Vol. 33, pp. 93-96 December 30, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
ANURAPHIS LONGICAUDA, A NEW APHID INJURI-
OUS TO PLUM TREES.
BY A. C. BAKER.
For several years past an undescribed species of Aphid has
occurred in injurious numbers upon the plum trees at Vienna,
Va. This species has also been found in Ashland, Neb., by
T. A. Williams and in House Springs, Mo., by H. Grubar.
It attacks both the twigs and the leaves and the twigs at-
tacked by the species are in nearly every case dead the follow-
ing year. Insects are found either upon the twigs or the
foliage throughout the summer and the apterous sexes are
met with upon the twigs where the eggs are laid in the fall.
While the spring forms are usually a dark brown, many of the
summer forms are pale yellowish white and these forms are
most often seen on the under sides of the leaves.
Stem-mother.1
The stem-mothers hatch about the first of April. In 1916 some of
the young stem-mothers were noted on April 2nd while many of the eggs
had not yet hatched. On April 8th a heavy fall of snow occurred with
freezing weather and many of the stem-mothers were killed. They had
not advanced during this time past the first instar.
Some of the remaining stem-mothers which were in the first instar on
April 7th were placed in sheltered experiments. These moulted first from
the 12th to the 14th. The other moults varied considerably but some
of the stem-mothers were adult and reproducing by April 24th. Others
were not reproducing until May 1st.
Length, 1.68 mm.; width of abdomen, 1.2 mm. Antennae as follows:
Segment I, 0.048 mm, II, 0.048 mm., Ill, 0.336 mm., IV, 0.144 mm., V
1 Type locality, Vienna, Va. Cotype slides in U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. of Aphididae,
taken by the writer; Stem-mothers, April 17, 1913; alate forms, May 5, 1913;
apterous forms, May 15, 1913.
20— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (93)
94 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
(0.108 mm. + 0.112 mm.). Segments distinctly imbricated but without
secondary sensoria. Cornicles 0.24 mm. long and very distinctly im-
bricated, no distal flange present. Cauda about 0.128 mm.
Color brown with the appendages black or very dark. Abdomen with
small black lateral spots which become large patches toward the thorax.
Caudad of the cornicles a large black patch is present which more or less
connects with a transverse black area on the caudal abdominal segments.
Table of Measurements of Stem-mothers.
Ant. III.
Ant. IV.
Ant. V base.
Ant. V unguis.
Cornicle.
0.336
0.16
0.112
0.112
0.224
0.32
0.112
0.112
0.112
0.24
0.336
0.128
0.08
0.048
0.24
0.32
0.128
0.112
0.096
0.32
0.128
0.096
0.08
0.208
0.336
0.128
0.096
0.08
0.224
0.368
0.16
0.096
0.064
0.208
0.336
0.144
0.096
0.096
0.24
0.336
0.144
0.112
0.112
0.208
0.352
0.16
0.112
0.096
0.224
Apterous Viviparous Female.
Apterous forms occur throughout the summer in all generations. They
vary considerably in color from a brown to a pale yellowish white. The
first generation after the stem-mother matures about the second week in
May.
Color brown or cream, some specimens apparently being all of the one
color and other specimens distinctly the other color. Legs and appendages
dusky or black. Black markings somewhat similar to those of the stem-
mother though not so prominently indicated on the sides.
Table of
Measurements of Apterous Form.
Ant. III.
Ant. IV.
Ant. V.
Ant. VI base.
Ant. VI unguis.
Cornicle.
0.304
0.32
0.304
0.224
0.208
0 192
0.176
0.144
0.16
0.112
0.096
0.112
0.16
0.144
0.16
0.336
0.32
0.32
Length from vertex to tip of cauda, 1.76 mm. Width of abdomen, 1.04
mm. Antennae with the following measurements: Segment I, 0.064
Baker — New Aphid Injurious to Plum Trees.
95
mm., II, 0.048 mm., Ill, 0.304 mm., IV, 0.224 mm., V, 0.192 mm., VI
(0.112 mm. 4- 0.16 mm.). Segments imbricated but no secondary sensoria
present. Cornicles 0.32 mm. long, subcylindrical, slightly tapering, dis-
tinctly imbricated and without a distal flange. Cauda, 0.112. Three
pairs of very prominent lateral tubercles are present, one pair on the pro-
thorax, one pair between the middle and hind coxae and one pair caudad
of the cornicles.
Alate Viviparous Female.
Winged forms begin to appear with the first generation after the stem-
mother and may be found thereafter throughout the season. Pupae of the
first generation of winged forms are present during the first week in May,
while the apterous forms of the same generation are just beginning to
reproduce.
Color brownish. Head, thorax and appendages black. Abdomen pale
brown with 5 rather large black patches on each wide. Caudad of the
cornicles three transverse bands of black are present which become more
or less fused. Cornicles sometimes with the extreme tip pale. Wing
veins heavy and margined with brown.
Length from vertex to tip of cauda, 2 mm. Antennae as follows: Seg.
I, 0.048 mm., II, 0.408 mm., Ill, 0.24 mm., imbricated and armed with
5 or 6 subcircular sensoria forming an even row, IV, 0.208 mm., imbricated
but without secondary sensoria, V, 0.192 mm., similarly imbricated but
lacking secondary sensoria, VI (0.144 mm. + 0.176 mm.). Forewings,
2.3 mm. long and 0.96 mm. wide at their widest diameter. Hind wings,
1.52 mm. long. Wing veins heavy. Cornicles, 0.272 mm. long, subcylin-
drical and prominently imbricated. The distal extremity has no distinct
flange but is cut off squarely or rounded. Cauda about 1.28 mm. long.
Table of Measurements of Alate Form.
Ant. III.
Ant. IV.
Ant. V.
Ant. VI base.
Ant. VI unguis.
Cornicle.
0.272
0.192
0.176
0.128
0.16
0.256
0.192
0.176
0.16
0.112
0.16
0.24
0.256
0.16
0.176
0.128
0.16
0.224
0.192
0.176
0.176
0.128
0.176
0.24
0.256
0.176
0.16
0.128
0.16
0.24
0.24
0.176
0.176
0.096
0.144
0.24
0.288
0.208
0.192
(J 144
0.176
0.25t>
0.32
0.208
0.176
0.128
0.192
0.272
0.288
0.208
0.192
0.128
0.16
0.272
0.288
0.176
0.176
0.128
0 . 192
0 . 272
Vol. 33, pp. 97-100 December 30, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OF THB
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
A NEW LEPTODESMOID DIPLOPOD FROM
LOUISIANA.
BY RALPH V. CHAMBERUN.
The new diplopod here described is represented in a collection
of Myriopods made in and near New Orleans by Mr. H. Edward
Hubert, by whom it was transmitted to me for identification.
Other diplopods occurring in the material are Polydesmus
serratus Say, Callipus lactarius (Say), Paraujlus impressus
(Say), amd Spirobolus marginatus (Say). The chilopods oc-
curring are Scutigera forceps (Raf.), Neolithobius transmarinus
(Koch), Scolopendra viridis Say, Hemiscolopendra punctiventris
(Newport), Theatops posticus (Say), Arenophilus bipuncticeps
(Wood) and Linotaenia fulva (Sager) .
In addition to the genus here described, two other unnamed
genera of leptodesmids occur in the eastern part of the United
States, these being characterized primarily by types of struc-
ture in the male gonopods different from those of the one dis-
cussed below and of the western North American genera.
The first of these may be designated Semionellus, with Lepto-
desmus placidus Wood as the genotype. The second may bear
the name Dicellarius, with Leptodesmus okefenokensis Cham-
berlin the genotype.
Eurymerodesmus, Biolemann.
Antennae filiform; joints two to five subequal, the sixth scarcely longer;
the normal four sensory cones.
Collum of usual proportions, as wide as the second tergite or but little
narrower.
All tergites wholly smooth; keels but moderately extended; margins
thickened, entire, smooth; anterior angles rounded, the posterior from
21 — Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (97)
98 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
rounded to subrectangular excepting in posterior segments where mod-
erately produced. Pores distinctly lateral, present on segments 5, 7, 9,
10, 12, 13, 15-19.
Distinguished especially by the form of the gonopods in the male.
These comparatively small and in considerable part concealed. The
salient feature is that the telopodite presents only a single, unbranched,
slender blade arising from a robust proximal division. In the known
species long setae occur along the ectal side of the gonopods, sometimes
continuing upon the blade, and there is at the distal end of the proximal
division a separate series of stout setae.
Genotype. — Paradesmns hispidipes. Wood.
In addition to the genotype, E. simplex, sp. nov. also belongs in this
genus.
Eurymerodesmus simplex, sp. nov.
This is a smaller and paler species than E. hispidipes (Wood), a form
common in some parts of Louisiana and ranging northward to Illinois.
The color of the types is fulvous throughout, the dorsum very slightly
darkened with the carinse a little paler, without definite median line or
other markings.
Tergites well arched, smooth throughout.
Head smooth. Vertigial sulcus deep, ending near upper level of antennal
sockets. Antennae filiform, the ultimate article alone narrowed; when
bent back reaching upon the third tergite.
Collum strongly bowed forward, the median region of margin more
flattened. Posterior margin at middle straight or weakly incurved,
laterally bending cephalad of ectad. Lateral ends narrowly rounded.
In the succeeding tergites the anterior corners of the keels are all well
rounded. In the most anterior tergites the caudal margins of the keels
run obliquely out forward of ectad, becoming more and more nearly
transverse in going caudad, the posterior finally becoming produced
usually beginning with the thirteenth or fourteenth tergite, the processes
becoming thereafter more and more pronounced to the nineteenth. The
lateral margin of keels as seen from above smooth and moderately convex.
Last tergite subtriangular, sides a little incurving, tip narrowly truncate,
scarcely depressed. Valves with mesal borders thickened, submarginate.
Anal scale subtriangular in general outline, but the anterior margin curving
caudad at ends and the apex or caudal angle rounded.
Conical processes between coxae of second legs of sixth segment apically
bending caudad. The similar processes between coxa of legs of seventh
segment bending forewards against gonopods or near to them.
Gonopods of the male with the thickened proximal division elongate,
moderately clavately thickening distad. Blade short, in length not much
exceeding greatest thickness of basal division and equalled or exceeded
by the length of the distal setae; arising at ectal edge of base, distally
curved a little ectad, slender.
Length, to near 24 mm.; width, 3.8 mm. 4 mm.
Chamberlin — New Leptodesmoid Diplopod.
99
Four specimens taken at New Orleans in 1918.
Readily separable from E. hispidipes (Wood) in the characters of the
gonopods, the basal division being much longer, the distal blade shorter
and wholly glabrous instead of bearing hairs throughout as does hispi-
dipes.
Vol. 33, pp. 101-102 December 30, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
A NEW DIPLOPOD OF THE GENUS ATOPETHOLUS.
BY RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN.
A series of specimens recently sent for identification from
the National Museum prove to represent an undescribed
species of the Spiroboloid genus Atopetholus, proposed by the
writer in these Proceedings for Dec, 1918 (Vol. 31, p. 167),
the present one making the fourth known species. The types
of the new species were collected by Gordon Grant on Dec.
30-31 at Los Angeles in Edendale suburb (Silver Lake) and
on Bishop's Road.
Atopetholus angelus, sp. nov.
Clearly distinct from the previously known species in the structure of
the gonopods of the male. As compared with those of the genotype,
A. calif ornicus, the caudal or reflexed limb of the median plate of the
anterior gonopods is narrower; ventral end of plate either evenly rounded
or weakly indented. Posterior apophysis of telopodite of anterior gono-
pods in ventral view longer and more slender, not expanded distally;
the distomesial angle of telopodite more prominent, often meeting its
mate in the middle line. Telopodite of posterior gonopods distally more
strongly uncate than in californicus or fraternus; a small point or mucron
from bentral side of base of hook. General color typically shining black
with a narrow, typically ferruginous but sometimes nearly white, pale
line along caudal border of each segment, the collum having an anterior
ferruginous border as well. Legs from dark brown to fuscous or black.
Sulcus of head widely interrupted in the upper frontal region, elsewhere
deep, especially in clypeal region. Clypeal foveolae 5 + 5, the most ectal
one on each side separated by a wider space than the others. Collum
narrow on each side below as usual, extending freely below level of second
tergite farther than in the other species; tip on each side bent slightly
caudad so that the caudal margin just above the end appears weakly con-
cave ; anterior margin incurved opposite cardo, forming a prominent obtuse
22 — Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (101)
102 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
angle at level of lower edge of eye; broadly margined on each side up to
level of eye, the margining sulcus above typically bending in caudad of
dorsad; surface under the lens showing very fine punctae, extended in weak,
fine and very short lines in part. Sculputuring of other segments typical,
the striations below and across prozonites being as usual. Segmental
suture in the encircling furrow of each segment; pore at anterior edge of
furrow, the suture bending toward it, often angularly. Anal valves ex-
ceeding the last tergite, strongly convex, evenly rounded, the mesial borders
depressed, not at all set off. First two pairs of legs of male crassate, the
claws large as usual, those of succeeding pairs decreasing to the eighth,
those of legs following the gonopods smaller. Coxae of legs from third to
eighth with th' usal conical processes, these strongly compressed in the
anterocaudal direction excepting those of the third pair, these being
somewhat thicker and having their apices depressed or flattened. First
two pairs of legs in female also more or less thickened with claws long.
Number of segments, thirty-nine to forty-two.
Length, to 50 mm. ; thickness, to 6 mm.
Types in the Collections of the U. S. National Museum.
Vol. 33, pp. 103-106 December 30, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
SOME NEW PLANTS FROM THE PACIFIC NORTH-
WEST.
BY C. V. PIPER.
In various collections of plants sent to the writer recently
from Oregon, Washington and British Columbia, there were
found several species not heretofore described. Some of these
seem to be very local as they have not been found by other
collectors. Most of them are from rather high Alpine localities.
The type specimens are in the possession of the writer, unless
otherwise indicated.
Erysimum torulosum, n. sp.
Biennial, with a stout taproot; stems erect, usually simple, solitary,
15-45 cm. high; herbage green, sparsely strigillose throughout with short
forked hairs; basal leaves spatulate, acute, coarsely dentate to subentire,
3-8 cm. long; cauline similar but reduced, mostly entire; sepals lanceolate
acutish, green at first, 7 mm. long; petals yellow, 1.5 cm. long; peduncles
in fruit, 1 cm. long; pods ascending or spreading, 4-angled, torulose, strigil-
lose, conspicuously beaked, 6-8 cm. long; seeds not margined.
Mount Rainier, Wash., on Owyhigh, alt. 5500 ft. J. B. Flett, Aug. 11,
1919; Nos. 3158 (type), 3160; Mt. Rainier, Piper 2062; Allen 266; Mt.
St. Helens, Coville 111.
This plant must be segregated from E. asperum (Nutt.) DC. on account
of its green herbage and very different torulose pods. Perhaps all the
specimens from high altitudes in the Cascade and Olympic Mts. are to be
referred here, but until the present mature pods seem not to have been
collected.
Arabis macella, n. sp.
Biennial from a stout taproot; stems many, simple, slender, flexuous,
terete, sparsely pilose below with simple hairs, otherwise glabrous, 40-50
cm. tall; basal leaves spatulate-oblong, obtuse, 3 cm. long, the blade longer
than the margined petiole, glabrous on the faces, the margins ciliate with
23— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (103)
104 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
simple hairs; cauline leaves few, oblong to linear, obtuse to acute, broad
but not auriculate at base, ciliate, the lower 2 cm. long, reduced upwards;
recemes in fruit 5-15 cm. long; pedicels erect in anthesis, spreading in
fruit, 1-1.5 cm. long, glabrous; sepals oblong, obtuse, margined, glabrous,
the two outer gibbous at base, 2-2.5 mm. long; petals oblong-spatulate,
obtuse, white, 4 mm. long; pods erect, glabrous, somewhat compressed,
the valves mostly 3-nerved, the midrib stoutest, 1.5-2 cm. long, 1 mm.
wide, tipped with a style 1.5 mm. long; seeds in one row, oval, compressed,
wingless, dark brown, 0.5 mm. long; cotyledons accumbent.
Ritzville, Wash., Sandberg and Leiberg No. 202, June 11, 1893, type in the
U. S. National Herbarium sheet No. 289784. An ally of A . furcata Wats.
Castilleja brevilobata, n. sp.
Perennial with a deep taproot and branched multicipital caudex; stems
clustered, erect or ascending, 10-15 cm. high, puberulent or in the in-
florescence pilose; leaves sessile, oblong, obtuse, 3-nerved, hispidulous
and somewhat viscid especially on the margins, 1-2 cm. long, entire or
mostly with 3 short obtuse lobes ; bracts similar to the leaves but broader
and more deeply lobed, the tips scarlet; flowers subsessile; racemes rather
loose, narrow, 5-10 cm. long; calyx 10 mm. or in fruit 12-13 mm. long, sub-
equally cleft before and behind, just equalling the corolla lip, the lobes each
with 2 short obtuse teeth; corolla 15-18 mm. long, the galea 8 mm. long,
slender, glandular puberulent on the back especially at tip, the broad
margin scarlet; lip green, fleshy, 2 mm. long, the acute teeth incurved;
stigma bilobed, small; capsule ovoid, very acute, dark brown, glabrous,
6-8 mm. long.
In reddish soil on mountain slopes, 8 miles south of Waldo, Josephine
County, Oregon, June 14, 1904, C. V. Piper No. 6118 (sheet 527,720, U. S.
National Herbarium type) and No. 6230; same locality, Thomas Howell,
June 8, 1884.
Allied to C. angustifolia (Nutt.) Don, but differing in all its parts being
smaller, the short-lobed leaves, and the somewhat viscid hispidulous pubes-
cence.
Castilleja chlorotica, n. sp.
Perennial with a stout vertical taproot, several to many stems arising from
the crown; stems erect or nearly so, mostly simple, 15-20 cm. high, viscid
puberulent; leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, about 2 cm. long,
minutely and very sparsely puberulent, mostly simple but some of the
upper ones 3-cleft; flowers subsessile; racemes 3-4 cm. long, at first dense,
becoming looser below; bracts all 3-cleft, the middle lobe broadest, acute
or obtuse, as long as the flowers; calyx yellowish green, 15 mm. long,
minutely puberulent on the tube, hispidulous on the lobes, subequally
cleft before and behind into lobes shorter than the tube, each lobe cleft
into two broad triangular acute teeth which extend well beyond the corolla
lip; corolla 2 cm. long; galea 8 mm. long, hispidulous on the back, greenish
except the narrow purple margin; lip 2 mm. long, green, fleshy, the lobes
Piper — New Plants from the Pacific Northwest. 105
involute, acute; stigma small, globose; immature pods ovoid, acute,
glabrous.
Grayhart Buttes, County, Oregon, alt. 2250 meters, August 8, 1896,
Coville and Leiberg No. 283.
Related to C. angustifolia (Nutt.) Don, but distinguished by its viscid
puberulence, mostly entire leaves, and peculiarly colored bracts and co-
rolla.
Aster misellus, n. sp.
Perennial from a loosely muchbranched base; stems simple or loosely
branched above, terete, sparsely white puberulent, purple, 10-20 cm. high ;
leaves pale, entire or few- toothed; basal leaves spatula te-oblong, obtuse,
glabrous except the ciliolate margins, the blades equalling the petioles;
cauline narrowly oblanceolate, obtuse to acute, half-clasping at base,
2-8 cm. long, ciliolate at the base and slightly so on the margins; upper
ones reduced; heads few, mostly solitary terminating the branches, each
about 1 cm. broad, hemispheric; tegules in two indistinct series, acute
to obtusish, the midribs and tips green, broadly scarious-margined, ciliolate,
glabrous on the back, shorter than the disk; rays about 20, pale violet
6-8 mm. long; pappus whitish; akenes sparsely hirsutulous.
Moist beach of Strawberry Lake, Strawberry Mts., Grant County,
Oregon, W. C. Cusick, Nos. 3636 (type), 3623, 3625, September 9, 1910.
Closely allied to A. occidentalis Nutt.
Achillea eradiata, n. sp.
Perennial with a creeping rootstock; stems about 30 cm. high, corym-
bosely branched above, sulcate, sparsely villous; leaves green, sparsely
villous, the lower ones 5 cm. long, petioled from a broad scarious base,
the upper ones 2-3 cm. long, sessile and but slightly broadened at base;
lower leaves with 10-15 pairs of divisions, separated by about half their
length, most of the divisions deeply 5-10 cleft; upper leaves less deeply
divided, the rachis margined, the divisions merely lobed or cleft; inflores-
cence loose, composed of about 5 corymbiform branches 4-5 cm. long;
heads cylindric-turbinate, 5-7 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad; tegules about
20, elliptic-ovate, sparsely villous, all obtuse, greenish along the midrib,
the scarious margins brown; flowers 3 mm. long, cream-colored, all tubular,
the outer ones slightly larger, an occasional one developing into an im-
perfect ligule; akenes immature.
Dry border of woods, east end of Pamelia Lake, foot of Mt. Jefferson,
Oregon, 4000 ft. alt., Aug. 13, 1919, J. C. Nelson No. 2791, one plant only
growing with the common Achillea lanulosa Nutt., from which it is strik-
ingly divergent. Very different from any other North American species
in its very loosely divided leaves, large involucres, and rayless heads.
Arnica aphanactis, n. sp.
Rootstocks slender, creeping; herbage wholly glabrous except the mi-
nutely puberulent peduncles; stems 30 cm. high, somewhat shiny; basal
leaves not seen; cauline 2 pairs, elliptic or slightly ovate, paler beneath.
106 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
obtuse, coarsely irregularly serrate, 2-5 cm. long, the lower pair short
petioled, the upper pair sessile and larger ; heads three, long-peduncled from
a lanceolate acute dentate sessile green bract ; heads campanulate, rayless,
1.5 cm. high, 1 cm. broad; tegules 8, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, shorter
than the flowers, glabrous; disk flowers about 25, each 1 cm. long; pappus
bright white, barbellulate ; akenes cylindric, glabrous.
Mount Baker, Washington, G. W. Turesson in 1915. Closely allied to
A . latifolia Bong, and A . betonicaefolia Greene but rayless.
Arnica andersonii, n. sp.
Stems erect, 30-50 cm. high, very sparsely pubescent, simple or more
commonly with a flowering branch in the axil of each cauline leaf; basal
leaves with petioles as long as the blades, the latter thin, oblong to narrowly
ovate, acute, abruptly narrowed at base, coarsely few-toothed, glabrous
except the ciliolate margins, 6 to 8 cm. long; cauline leaves two pairs, the
lower pair similar to the basal and petiolate, the upper sessile and usually
conspicuously contracted at base; heads nodding in bud, large, each sub-
tended at base by a pair of more or less modified leaves; involucre cam-
panulate, 1.5 cm. broad; tegules 10, green, thin, lanceolate, acute, viscidly
pubescent, 1.5 cm. long; rays about 10, lemon-yellow, 3 cm. long; disk
florets 11-13 mm. long; akenes hirsutulous, 6-8 mm. long; pappus bright
white, copious, short-plumose.
Skeena, Br. Col., /. R. Anderson, Sept. 11, 1910. Allied to A. cordifolia
Hook, but differing particularly in the basal leaves and the pair of folia-
ceous bracts at the base of each head.
Arnica myriadenia, n. sp.
Stems clustered from a much branched caudex, erect, 30-50 cm. high,
densely and minutely glandular, becoming increasingly hirsutulous toward
the heads; basal leaves apparently none; cauline leaves 4 or 5 pairs with
green blades and 2 or 3 basal pairs much reduced and more or less scarious,
all sessile and connate at base, the lower ones conspicuously sheathing,
lanceolate becoming narrower upwards, acute, entire or sparingly den-
ticulate, densely and minutely glandular on both faces and somewhat
puberulent especially on the margins, 4-12 cm. long, exceeding the inter-
nodes; heads 3 to 5, hemispheric, 2 cm. broad, short peduncled; tegules
about 11, lanceolate, acuminate, green, densely glandular and somewhat
puberulent, equalling the disk flowers; rays bright yellow, 1.5 cm. long;
disk flowers 40-60; pappus brownish, barbellulate; akenes sparsely his-
pidulous, not glandular; plant strongly odorous.
Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, growing in talus on Owy-
high, 5700 feet altitude, J. B. Flett No. 3211, August 13, 1919. The
plant was found in no other place.
Vol. 33, pp. 107-112 December 30, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OP THB
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
FIVE NEW SPECIES OE CEDRELA.
BY S. F4 BLAKE.
Recent study of the material of Spanish cedar (Cedrela) in
the United States National Herbarium, in connection with the
determination of a species of the genus from Guatemala which
will be described in another connection, has led to the detection
of five apparently new members of the genus from Mexico,
Central America, and South America. In Casimir DeCan-
dolle's original treatment of this genus in 18781 nine species
were recognized from America in addition to two doubtful
ones and one (C. alternifolia (Mill.) Steud.) which was con-
sidered as probably to be excluded from the family. Numerous
species have since been described, chiefly by DeCandolle, the
recognized authority on the family, and in a key to the American
species given by him2 in 1907 twenty-five species are recognized.
Adding to these C. saxatilis Rose, omitted from DeCandolle's
key, and the species since described, the total number of species
of Cedrela now recognized from America, including the five
here first published, is brought to 34.
As is well known, the wood of many species of Cedrela is of
much economic importance, being very permanent, easy to
work, and having an agreeable odor. It is much used for the
manufacture of moth-proof chests, furniture, and cigar boxes,
and in the regions where it is native it is used for shingles,
canoes, and other articles which have to withstand the weather.
» Mon. Phan. I : 735. 1878.
2 Ann. Cons. Jard. Geneve 10 : 168. 1907.
24 — Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (107)
108 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Cedrela discolor Blake, sp. nov.
Tree; branches stout, lenticellate, fuscous or grayish, essentially glab-
rous; leaves alternate, abruptly pinnate, with 8 pairs of leaflets; petiole
stout, 9 cm. long, sub terete, sulcate above, glabrous; rachis similar, 32 to
37 cm. long, obscurely puberulous above between the bases of the leaflets;
petiolules obscurely puberulous above, 1 to 4 mm. long; leaflets opposite,
the lowest pair ovate, 5.5 to 7.5 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, the second pair
similar but larger, 9.5 to 10.5 cm. long, 3.5 cm. wide, the others oblong or
elliptic-oblong, 13 to 17 cm. long, 3.5 to 4.3 cm. wide, slightly inequilateral,
acuminate and somewhat falcate, rounded-cuneate at base, above deep
green, lucid, glabrous, beneath softly and very densely cinereous-pilosulous
with curved spreading hairs except on the costa and the chief veins, the
costa and the 18 to 20 pairs of lateral veins yellowish white and prominent
beneath, the costa impressed above, the lateral veins prominulous, the
secondaries and tertiaries prominulous-reticulate both sides; panicle
axillary, ovoid, branched from the base, 29 cm. long, 13.5 cm. wide, the
branches densely floriferous from near the base, only the ultimate branches
sordid-puberulous ; cymules crowded, about 7-flowered; pedicels 1 mm.
long or less; calyx cup-shaped, 1.8 mm. high, loosely sordid-puberulous,
5-toothed for about half its length, the teeth deltoid, acute; corolla densely
rufidulous-pilosulous outside with matted hairs, more sparsely pilose within,
9 mm. long; petals 4 or 5, 2 exterior and 2 interior, or quincuncial, oblong;
stamens 4 or 5, glabrous; filaments subulate, 4.5 mm. long; anthers oval,
emarginate, 1.5 mm. long; pistil and column 8.5 mm. long; ovary ovoid,
glabrous, 2 mm. long, 5-celled; style slender, 3.5 mm. long, glabrous.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 571205, collected at San
Ramon, Durango, Mexico, April 21 to May 18, 1906, by Edward Palmer
(no. 184).
This handsome species may be easily recognized by its very densely
flowered panicles of medium-sized rufidulous flowers and its large leaves,
deep green and shining above and densely cinereous-pilosulous beneath.
It appears to be nearest C. saxatilis Rose.
Cedrela rosei Blake, sp. nov.
Tree; branchlet fuscous, angled, finely spreading-puberulous with
sordid curved hairs; leaves abruptly pinnate, with 13 pairs of leaflets;
petiole stout, densely sordid-puberulous with curved hairs, 10 cm. long,
the rachis similar, sulcate, 52 cm. long; petiolules sordidly tomentose-
pilosulous, 3 to 4 mm. long; leaflets opposite below, those of the upper pairs
about 1.5 cm. apart, the lowest one or two pairs ovate, 5.5 to 8 cm. long,
the others oblong or slightly ovate-oblong, 10.5 to 15.5 cm. long, 3.5 to
4.5 cm. wide, slightly inequilateral, short-acuminate, at base subequal and
slightly cordate or broadly rounded, coriaceous, above deep green, shining,
persistently pilosulous and sparsely glandular along costa, sometimes so
along some of the lateral veins, otherwise glabrate, ciliolate, beneath dull
green, densely sordid-pilosulous along costa and lateral veins, tufted in the
Blake — Five New Species of Cedrela. 109
axils, evenly but not densely spreading-pilosulous along the secondary and
tertiary veins and veinlets, the lateral veins 13 to 20 pairs, prominulous
on both sides, the secondaries prominulous beneath, less so above; panicle
(imperfect) sordid-pilosulous, the axis zigzag, angled, the branches densely
floriferous from the middle; cymules about 3-flowered; pedicels mostly
less than 1 mm. long; calyx 2 mm. long, 5-lobed to middle, loosely and
sordidly tomentose-pilosulous especially toward margin, the lobes im-
bricated at base, suborbicular-ovate or deltoid-ovate, obtuse to acute,
thick-herbaceous with thinner paler margins; corolla in bud ovoid-oval,
blunt, thick, 6 mm. long, densely pilosulous-tomentose, griseous, along
the edges of the petals rufidulous; petals 5 (two exterior, two interior, one
with one margin exterior), oblong-oval, obtuse, pubescent within; column
in bud slightly shorter than pistil; stamens 5, glabrous, the subulate
filaments in bud 1.8 mm. long, the oval apiculate anthers 1.2 mm. long;
ovary subglobose, glabrous, 2 mm. long in bud, the thick glabrous style
1.2 mm. long.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1023058, collected in the
vicinity of Quito, Ecuador, October 26 to November 1, 1918, by J. N.
Rose and G. Rose (No. 23571).
Cedrela rosei is related to C. bogotensis Tr. & PL, of Colombia, but may
be distinguished by its puberulous branches, its larger leaflets, and its
thicker calyx. When the mature flowers are known they will doubtless
prove to be much larger, as the petals of C. bogotensis are said to be only
6 mm. long, while the buds of C. rosei are of the same length.
Cedrela rotunda Blake, sp. nov.
Tree; branchlets gray-green, striate, spreading-puberulous, glabrescent;
leaves abruptly pinnate, with 2 to 4 pairs of leaflets; petiole subterete,
spreading-puberulous, 2.3 to 6.5 cm. long; rachis similar, striate above,
4 to 12.5 cm. long; leaflets subopposite, on densely spreading-puberulous
petiolules 3 to 4 mm. long, the blades broadly oval to orbicular, the lower
4 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, the upper 6.5 to 11 cm. long, 4.5 to 9 cm. wide,
subequilateral, broadly rounded at each end or obtuse, sometimes emargin-
ulate, papyraceous, above light green, slightly lucid, rather sparsely
spreading-puberulous, glabrescent, beneath densely and softly griseous-
pilosulous with incurved hairs, the costa and the 4 to 6 pairs of chief veins
whitish and prominulous beneath, the costa impressed above and the
veins somewhat prominulous, the secondaries slightly prominulous above,
obscure beneath; fruiting panicle loose, pyramidal, glabrescent, about
25 cm. long and 18 cm. wide; fruiting pedicels stout, 8 mm. long; fruit
oval, obtuse, 2.5 cm. long, 1.4 cm. wide, fuscous, pustulate, dehiscing from
the apex, 5-celled; seeds obovate, 1.4 to 1.6 cm. long, 5 to 6 mm. wide,
chestnut-brown.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 636749, collected in the
vicinity of Villa Union, Sinaloa, Mexico, April 12, 1910, by J. N. Rose,
P. C. Standley, and P. G. Russell (No. 13907).
110 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Owing to the lack of flowers the place of this species is uncertain. It
may be recognized readily by its oval or orbicular subequilateral leaflets
which are densely griseous-pilosulous beneath.
Cedrela whitfordii Blake, sp. nov.
Tree; branchlet fuscous-brown, stout, sparsely spreading-puberulous
and strigose; leaf abruptly pinnate, with 9 pairs of leaflets; petiole terete.
4 cm. long, densely spreading-pilosulous ; rachis similar, 36 cm. long, sulcate
above; leaflets of the pairs about 1 cm. apart below, subopposite above,
on densely puberulous petioles 1 mm. long or less, the lowest ones ob-
liquely ovate-oblong, 8 cm. long, 3.5 cm. wide, the others gradually larger,
the sixth and seventh pairs largest, elliptic-oblong, 13.5 cm. long, 5 cm.
wide, inequilateral, obtuse, very unequal at base, broadly rounded and
overlapping the rachis on the upper side, obliquely cuneate-rounded on
the lower, subcoriaceous-pergamentaceous, above deep green, shining,
curved-puberulous along costa, ciliolate, beneath duller green, rather densely
spreading-pilosulous along the costa and chief veins, spreading-puberulous
along all the finer veinlets, barbatulate in the axils, the costa and the 13
to 15 pairs of chief lateral veins prominent beneath, prominulous above,
the secondaries and tertiaries prominulous-reticulate on both sides ; panicle
large, loose, 25 cm. long or perhaps much more, about 50 cm. wide, sor-
didly spreading-pilosulous on the widely spreading branches, the axis
glabrescent; cymules 3-flowered; pedicels 1 to 2 mm. long; calyx 3 mm.
long, cup-shaped, cinerascent-puberulous with appressed hairs, 5-toothed,
the teeth semicircular, broadly rounded or apiculate, about 0.7 mm. high;
corolla densely rufidulous-pilosulous with matted hairs, 8.5 to 9 mm. long;
petals 4 or 5, linear-oblong, obtuse ; stamens 4 or 5, glabrous, the subulate
filaments 2 mm. long, the quadrate-oval anthers 1.2 mm. long, notched at
apex and minutely apiculate in the notch; column 5 mm. long; pistil 2.8
mm. long; ovary glabrous, 1 mm. long; style stout, glabrous, 1.2 mm. long;
stigma thick, discoid; fruit 4 cm. long; seeds obovate-elliptic, acute or
acuminate at each end, 2.2 cm. long, 6.5 mm. wide, chestnut-brown.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1037001, collected near
Buena Vista, in the Magdalena and Negro Rivers bottom, Colombia,
July, 1917, by H. N. Whitford and J. Pinzon (no. 7).
Cedrela whitfordii is related to C. bogotensis Tr. & PI. and C. fissilis
Veil. From the former it may be separated by its considerably larger
obtuse leaflets on very obscure petiolules, and its much larger corolla;
from the latter by its not velutinous branches, its blunt leaflets, the lower
of which are alternate, its blunt calyx teeth, and its larger fruit. It
bears the vernacular name "cedro real."
Cedrela yucatana Blake, sp. nov.
Tree about 12 meters high; branchlets stout, gray, striate, glabrous;
leaves alternate, abruptly pinnate, with 4 to 11 (usually 6 to 8) pairs of
leaflets; petioles densely incurved- or spreading-puberulous, glabrate,
4 to 8 cm. long; rachis similar, sulcate above, 8 to 37.5 cm. long; leaflets
Blake — Five New Species of Cedrela. Ill
opposite or subopposite, the petiolules spreading-puberulous, sometimes
glabrescent, 5 to 10 mm. long; blades of the lowest one or two pairs of
leaflets ovate or oval-ovate, 3.5 to 7 cm. long, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. wide, in-
equilateral, acute, broadly rounded at base, of the other leaflets oblong-
elliptic to lance-oblong, 6.5 to 13 cm. long, 2 to 4 cm. wide, rather abruptly
acuminate to an acutish apex and slightly falcate, at base unequal, ob-
liquely cuneate or rounded-cuneate on the lower side, broadly rounded or
subcordate on the upper, pergamentaceous, above grayish green, at
maturity incurved-puberulous on costa or glabrate, beneath evenly spread-
ing-puberulous over whole surface or only along the veins, the costa and
the 9 to 16 pairs of lateral veins flattish or usually impressed above, prom-
inent beneath, the secondaries prominulous-reticulate beneath; panicle
pyramidal, loose, branched essentially from the base, about 16 cm. long
and wide, spreading branches branched from near the middle, the ultimate
branchlets finely puberulous; cymules about 3-flowered; pedicels 1 to
2 mm. long; calyx cup-shaped, 1.5 to 2 mm. high, rather sparsely and finely
puberulous, 5-toothed for about 1/3 its length, the teeth triangular, acute;
corolla densely griseous-pilosulous outside with matted hairs, pilose within,
8 to 9 mm. long; petals, 5, quincuncial, linear-oblong, 1.8 to 2 mm. wide;
stamens 5, the slender filaments sparsely pilose, 2 mm. long, the blunt
quadrate anthers 0.7 mm. long; column much longer than ovary and style;
ovary subglobose, glabrous, 0.7 mm. long; style glabrous, 2.5 mm. long;
fruit oblong-oval, 3.5 cm. long, 1.8 cm. thick, obtuse, fuscous, lenticellate ;
seeds elliptic or elliptic-oblanceolate, chestnut-brown, 2 to 3 cm. long,
6 mm. wide.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 15618, collected at Merida,
Yucatan, Mexico, by A. Schott (no. 199).
Other Specimens Examined:
Veracruz: Carrizal, May 12-14, 1901, Goldman 711.
CampEche: Apazote, near Yohaltun, December 30, 1900, Goldman
505.
Yucatan: Vicinity of Merida, December 26, 1912, Collins 3.
Cedrela yucatana seems to be nearest to C. occidentalis C. DC. & Rose,
of western Mexico, but may be distinguished by its larger flowers, pilose
filaments, and long style.
Vol. 33, pp. 113-116 December 30, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OP THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
TWO NEW SALVIAS FROM GUATEMALA.
BY S. F. BLAKE.
About a year ago the writer described in these Proceedings1
a new Salvia with handsome blue flowers from Guatemala,
collected by Wilson Popenoe of the Office of Seed and Plant
Introduction. This species is now being grown for distri-
bution at the Introduction Farm at Yarrow, Maryland, and
promises to be an attractive addition to the cultivated Salvias.
Mr. Popenoe has recently sent for determination another
new Salvia of the Fulgentes group with crimson-scarlet flowers.
This is described below as Salvia popenoei, and with it another
new species of the same group collected in Guatemala several
years ago by E. W. D. Holway.
Salvia holwayi Blake, sp. nov.
Herbaceous, probably 1 meter tall or more.the base and lower portion
not seen; stem stoutish, brownish, shallowly 4-sulcate, oppositely branched,
rather densely hispidulous-puberulous with spreading or reflexed hairs and
especially in the grooves hispid-pilose with reflexed to spreading or ascend-
ing several-celled hairs, glabrescent below ; leaves opposite ; petioles slender,
0.8 to 3 cm. long, spreading-puberulous and above hispid-pilose, connected
at base by a densely hispid-pilose ring; blades broadly ovate, 4.5 to 8.5
cm. long, 2.8 to 7.5 cm. wide, acuminate, cordate at base, papyraceous,
crenate-serrate with blunt depressed teeth, above green, sparsely hispid-
puberulous with several-celled ascending hairs, beneath pale green, along
the veins and veinlets loosely pilose with lax many-celled hairs; racemes
terminating stem and branches, simple, dense, 5.5 to 15.5 cm. long, densely
stipitate-glandular and hispid-pilose with several-celled spreading hairs,
on a peduncle 1.3 to 6 cm. long; verticels many-flowered, the lowest 1.5
to 2 cm. apart, the others crowded; bracts ovate, quickly deciduous, the
uppermost about 4 mm. long; pedicels 4 to 5 mm. long; calyx tubular-
i Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 32: 187. 1919.
25 — Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (113)
114 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
campanulate, in anthesis 9 to 11 mm. long, densely stipitate-glandular
and along the veins sparsely hispid-pilose with short several-celled conical
mostly eglandular hairs, the upper lip entire, 4 mm. long, its short abrupt
acumination about 1 mm. long, the lower lip 2-lobed, 2.5 to 3 mm. long,
the lobes deltoid-ovate, abruptly short-pointed; corolla crimson, 2.5 cm.
long, pilose toward apex with several-celled hairs, the tube 5 mm. long,
the ventricose throat 16 mm. long, the upper lip porrect, 4.5 mm. long,
the lower lip rather shorter, spreading, with small lateral lobes; style
equalling corolla, short-hispid-pilose toward apex; staminodes clavate-
spatulate, 1 mm. long.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 862664, collected on the
Volcan de Agua, above Santa Maria de Jesus, Guatemala, March 7,
1916, by E. W. D. Holway (no. 579).
Salvia holwayi is a member of the series Fulgentes and most nearly
related to 5. adenophora Fernald, which has the stem and calyx densely
pilose with gland-tipped hairs.
Salvia popenoei Blake, sp. nov.
Herb up to 2.6 meters high, apparently little branched, the base not
seen; stem quadrangular, 3 mm. thick, glabrous below the inflorescence;
leaves opposite, much shorter than the internodes ; petioles slender, sparsely
puberulous above, 8 to 17 mm. long, connected at base by a hispidulous
ring; blades ovate, 5 to 6.5 cm. long, 2.5 to 4 cm. wide, with acuminate
entire tip, at base broadly rounded or subcordate, serrate with about 10
pairs of depressed mucronulate teeth, firm-herbaceous, above green or
brownish green, glabrous except for sessile glands, beneath much paler
green, punctate, glabrous, reticulate-veined, but only the costa and primary
nerves prominulous; racemes terminal, simple, on a peduncle 1.8 to 3.2
cm. long, densely stipitate-glandular and sparsely short-hispid-pilose
with white gland-tipped one-celled hairs; verticels 1.5 to 2.5 cm. distant,
4 to 10-flowered; bracts deciduous, not seen, those of the lowest whorl
sometimes ovate, foliaceous, 12 mm. long; pedicels 4 to 6 mm. long;
calyx tubular-campanulate, in anthesis 12 to 15 mm. long, densely stipitate-
glandular and sparsely hispid-pilose on the nerves with short conical
rarely gland-tipped white hairs, dull green, 15-nerved, the upper lip ascend-
ing, about 8 mm. long, entire, attenuate with almost cirrhiform bent tip,
the lower lip 2-lobed, about 6 mm. long, the lobes subulate-attenuate
from an ovate base; corolla "crimson-scarlet," 2.3 to 2.9 cm. long, glandular-
pilose on the upper lip, otherwise glabrous, the tube about 6 mm. long,
the ventricose throat about 1.8 cm. long, the upper lip porrect, 5 mm. long,
the lower shorter, spreading, with small rounded lateral lobes; style barely
exserted, sparsely pilose near apex.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989689, collected along road
near Tactic, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, at an altitude of about 1525 meters,
January 9, 1920, by Wilson Popenoe (no. 928).
Closely related to Salvia puberula Fernald, of the series Fulgentes, which
Blake — Two New Salvias from Guatemala. 115
has a finely and densely puberulous stem. Its native name in the Kek-
chi dialect is given by its collector as "tutz unun."
This handsome species will be distributed by the Office of Foreign Seed
and Plant Introduction under the No. 49389. Mr. Popenoe considers
that it should be tried in the United States as an annual, but that it
may prove to be a biennial in Florida and California.
Vol. 33, pp. 117-120 December 30, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OP THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
NEW TREES AND SHRUBS FROM MEXICO AND
GUATEMALA.
BY S. F. BLAKE.
The following new species of woody plants from Mexico
and Guatemala have been found in the course of recent work
in the United States National Herbarium.
Capparis hexandra Blake, sp. nov.
Tree, strictly glabrous throughout; leaves alternate; stipules triangular,
corneous, deciduous, 1.5 mm. long; petioles sulcate, 1 to 1.3 cm. long;
blades obovate-oval, 5.5 to 6.7 cm. long, 1.8 to 3 cm. wid^, obtuse or
broadly rounded at apex, apiculate, at base cuneate or rounded-cuneate,
coriaceous, entire, at maturity rather pale green both sides and slightly
shining above, the costa sulcate above, the lateral veins 5 to 8 pairs,
prominulous on both sides, the secondaries obscure or slightly prominu-
lous; flowers solitary in the axils of the upper leaves, "yellow and white,
fragrant;" pedicels 18 mm. long; sepals 4, 2-seriate, imbricated, subherba-
ceous with thin margins, green, rounded, the outer minutely but distinctly
apiculate, the inner obscurely so, deciduous, about 11 mm. long and 6
mm. wide, the inner exceeding the outer by about 2 mm. ; petals 4,
spatulate-oblanceolate, 3.5 cm. long, 9 mm. wide, rounded at apex, the
claw somewhat dilated at base; glands 4, ovoid-triangular, 2 mm. high,
alternating with the petals and exterior to them ; stamens 6, free, the fila-
ments 3.4 cm. long; thecaphore 3.8 cm. long; ovary 2-celled, the ovules
in 2 rows of about 10 each in each cell; fruit not known.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989693, collected at Finca
Capetillo, near Antigua, Guatemala, at an altitude of 1525 meters, De-
cember 4, 1919, by Wilson Popenoe (no. 875).
This plant is of some interest as an addition to the comparatively small
number of species of Capparis with a definite number of stamens known
from America. It is closely related to Capparis heydeana Donn. Sm.,
also known only from Guatemala, but may easily be distinguished by its
much smaller very obtuse leaves and considerably smaller strictly soli-
tary and axillary flowers. The tree from which the type specimen was
26— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (117)
118 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
collected was found by Mr. Popenoe growing in volcanic loam in a
dooryard at Finca Capetillo.
Jatropha sympetala Standi. & Blake, sp. nov.
"Tree with milky sap;" branch stout, subquadrangular, grayish-fuscous,
glabrate ; young branchlet green, angulate, sparsely ascending-hispidulous ;
leaves alternate, crowded at base of young branchlet, the blades obovate,
7 to 9 cm. long, 3.5 to 5 cm. wide, strictly entire, obtusely apiculate or
emarginulate at the broadly rounded apex, cuneate-narrowed at base,
thin, feather-veined with 6 or 7 pairs of scarcely prominulous lateral
veins and obscure translucent anastomosing secondaries, punctate, above
light green, glabrous, beneath glaucescent and very densely papillose over
whole surface; petioles slender, unmargined, 1 to 1.5 cm. long; staminate
panicles shorter than leaves, several at base of young growth, densely
papillose-hispidulous, the peduncles 3 to 4.5 cm. long, many times di-
chotomously divided toward apex, the flowers crowded on the ultimate
branchlets; pedicels 2 to 3 mm. long; calyx 5-parted nearly to base, 1.2
mm. long, the segments oval, broadly rounded, ciliate and dorsally pubes-
cent; corolla "red," ellipsoid-ovoid, obtuse, 8 mm. long, the 5 lobes oval,
rounded, only 1.5 mm. long, densely cinereous-puberulous outside, the
tube glabrous; discal glands 5, free, ovoid, dark-colored, 1 mm. long, with
narrowed somewhat spreading apex; stamens 10, in two whorls of 5,
the 5 shorter with filaments united nearly half their length, the 5 longer
6 mm. long, their filaments united about 2/s their length; pistillate flowers
and fruit unknown.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 988581, collected at Playa
de Coyula, Oaxaca, Mexico, June 13, 1919, by B. P. Reko (no. 350).
Jatropha sympetala belongs to the subsection Canescentes of the section
Mozinna as the genus is divided in Pax's monograph, and is easily dis-
tinguished from any species of that section by its obovate not cordate
leaves. Its vernacular name is given as "pifioncillo."
Guarea obtusata Blake, sp. nov.
Tree; branchlet with light-colored pustulate-lenticellate bark, strigose
and strigillose ; leaves abruptly pinnate, the leaflets 2 to 4 pairs ; petiole
subterete, hispidulous-strigillose, glabrescent, 3.5 to 4 cm. long; rachis
similar, grooved above, 5 to 15 cm. long; leaflets opposite, on petiolules 4
mm. long, the upper elliptic-oblong or somewhat obovate-oblong, 14 to
17 cm. long, 4.5 to 7 cm. wide, broadly rounded at apex, cuneate and in-
equilateral at base, pergamentaceous, entire, equally green both sides,
glabrous above, beneath sordid-barbate in the axils of the 6 to 8 pairs of
prominent veins, otherwise glabrous, the secondaries and tertiaries promin-
ulous-reticulate; lower leaflets similar but somewhat smaller, about 9 to
11 cm. long; panicles axillary on the wood of the year, 3 to 4.5 cm. long,
bifid from the base, hispidulous-strigillose, rather dense; cymules mostly
3-flowered; pedicels stout, 3 to 5 mm. long, essentially glabrous; flowers
"white with pink tinge, very fragrant;" calyx saucer-shaped, about 1.5
Blake — New Trees and Shrubs. 119
mm. high, 4 to 5 mm. wide, 4-lobed for half its length or less, the lobes
suborbicular or suborbicular-ovate, apiculate, incurved-puberulous toward
margin; petals 4 or rarely 5, valvate, oblong, 8.5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide,
obtuse or acutish, densely papillose-puberulous outside; staminal tube 7.5
mm. long, equaling the pistil, glabrous; anthers 8, sessile, oblong-oval,
blunt, 1.2 mm. long; pistil glabrous; disk 1.5 mm. high, thickened above;
ovary ovoid-subglobose, 2 mm. long, 4-celled, the ovules solitary; style
4 mm. long, stout, striate, minutely papillose ; stigma discoid, 1.6 mm. wide;
fruit brown, subglobose, 2.7 cm. long; seeds chocolate-brown, 1.5 cm. long.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 887785, collected at Cafetal
Concordia (Cerro Espino), Oaxaca, Mexico, altitude 600 meters, December
24, 1917, by B. P. Reko (no. 3701).
Guarea obtusata belongs to the section Euguraea, and may be distinguished
by its round-tipped leaflets and very short panicles.
Russelia obtusata Blake, sp. nov.
Suffrutescent below, with a creeping base, the erect stems about 0.5
meter high, oppositely branched or simple, stout, 5 mm. thick below,
pale green, 6 or 8-angled, densely and minutely spreading-puberulous ;
leaves whorled in threes or fours; petioles slender, densely spreading- or
incurved-puberulous, 2 to 4 mm. long; blades oval or somewhat obovate-
oval or suborbicular, or the uppermost rarely ovate, 1 to 3 cm. long, 8
to 18 mm. wide, obtuse or rounded, at base broadly rounded to cuneate,
crenate-serrate with 4 to 8 pairs of acute or obtuse teeth, papery or per-
gamentaceous, above deep green, sparsely incurved-hispidulous, beneath
paler green, sparsely incurved-hispidulous along the costa and 3 or 4
pairs of prominulous veins, glabrate, impressed-punctate ; lower bracts
leafy, the upper very small; internodes of inflorescence 1 to 2.5 cm. long;
peduncles 3 to 5-flowered, 4 mm. long to almost obsolete, sometimes pro-
duced into short 2-jointed branches 1.5 cm. long, bearing flowers at each
node; pedicels 1.5 to (fruit) 6 mm. long, densely and finely spreading-
puberulent; calyx 2.5 mm. long, 5-parted, the segments oval-ovate or
ovate, from obtuse or abruptly short-pointed to acuminate but not subu-
late-attenuate, not striate, glabrous or slightly hispidulous along midline,
thick and herbaceous, with rosy margins; corolla scarlet, 13 to 16 mm.
long, glabrous outside, inside pilose with few-celled hairs between the bases
of the stamens, pilose along the ventral side within with 1 -celled hairs and
stipitate-glandular, the upper lip emarginate, the lower equal, its 3 lobes
oblate-suborbicular, crenulate, 2 mm. long, 3 mm. wide; staminode 1.3
mm. long; capsule subglobose, about 4 mm. thick, tipped with the per-
sistent style, this about 7 mm. long.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 453525, collected near
Tehuacan, Puebla, Mexico, August 30 to September 8, 1905, by J. N.
Rose, J. H. Painter & J. S. Rose (no. 10026).
Other Specimens Examined:
Puebla: Vicinity of San Luis Tultitlanapa, June, 1908, Purpus 3270.
Chiltepin, near San Luis Tultitlanapa, April, 1908, Purpus 3270a.
120 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Oaxaca: Valley of Oaxaca, altitude 1525 to 1615 meters, September
20, 1894, Nelson 1293.
Rnsselia obtusata seems to be most nearly allied to R. cuneata Robinson,
but that species has a 4-angled glabrous and furfuraceous stem, striate
fruiting sepals, and other differences.
Russelia tetraptera Blake, sp. nov.
Frutescent; stem elongate, 4 mm. thick, oppositely branched, gray-
green, puberulous and sometimes hispidulous, glabrescent, sharply quad-
rangular, flat or concave between the angles, the angles with corky-
margined wings 1 mm. wide or less, reduced above to mere corky margins;
leaves opposite; petioles puberulous, 3 to 7 mm. long; blades ovate, those
of the main leaves 2.5 to 6.5 cm. long, 2 to 5 cm. wide, obtuse or acutish,
truncate-rounded or slightly cordate at base, thin, crenate-serrate or
dentate with rounded or acute teeth, above deep green, sparsely incurved-
hispidulous or glabrescent, beneath scarcely paler, sparsely incurved-his-
pidulous along the 3 or 4 pairs of prominulous veins, and dotted with
saucer-shaped glands ; cymes axillary, many flowered, spreading-hispidulous
with slightly curved hairs, 1.8 to 7 cm. wide, the lower leafy-bracted, the
uppermost with reduced bracts, the lower internodes 5 to 7 cm. long;
peduncles 2 to 5 mm. long; pedicels 1.5 to (fruit) 5 mm. long; calyx 3
to 3.5 mm. long, the five sepals ovate, green, pale-margined, 1 to 5-ribbed,
sparsely hispidulous along costa, narrowed into a usually shorter fili-
form-subulate tip; corolla scarlet, 11 mm. long, glabrous outside, pubescent
inside with 1 -celled hairs at base of stamens and along the ventral side,
the upper lip emarginate, the lower longer, 3-lobed, the lobes essentially
equal, oblong-ovate, rounded, 2 mm. long; staminode present, 0.6 mm.
long; capsule subglobose, olive-green, glabrous, 3.5 mm. in diameter,
tipped with the persistent style, this 6 mm. long.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 305142, collected at Tepic,
Territory of Tepic, Mexico, January 5 to February 6, 1892, by Edward
Palmer.
Other Specimens Examined:
Tepic: Moist ravine, vicinity of Acaponeta, April 10, 1910, Rose,
Standley & Russell 14313.
This species may be distinguished readily by its puberulous narrowly
4-winged stem and by the dimensions of its flowers.
Vol. 33, pp. 121-126 December 30, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OP THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
NEW FLORIDIAN SUBSPECIES OF THE GENUS
v
LIGUUS.
BY CHARLES T. SIMPSON.
The following new subspecies of Liguus have been collected
by the writer in Lower Florida during a residence of twenty-two
years in that State.
Liguus solidus crassus, n. subsp.
Shell solid, with about seven somewhat rounded whorls; Columella
decidedly truncated or even twisted ; columellar area covered with a thick,
shining callus. Entire shell ivory white excepting a narrow, faint spiral
dark line at the periphery. The outer lip is reinforced within by a strong
callus which extends the entire length of it.
The type measures: Length, 48 mm.; diameter, 26 mm.
The type was collected on Watson's Hammock, Big Pine Key, Florida,
in 1885. I have a smaller specimen from Key West, possibly adidt
which measures: Length, 26 mm.; diameter, 17 mm.
The type is in the author's collection.
Liguus solidus lineatus, n. subsp.
Shell large, thin, with somewhat rounded whorls, pale greenish yellow
with spiral green lines, those on the base more closely spaced and broader,
often with a red-brown line around the periphery. Apex and columellar
area pink; no dots at the suture nor longitudinal smears.
The type measures : Length, 66 mm. ; diameter, 28 mm.
The type was collected on the north side of Lignumvitae Key, Florida.
This is figured in Pilsbry's "Variation and Zoogeography of Liguus in
Florida," PI. XXXVII, figs. Ac and Ad as a form of Var. lignumvitae but
among more than a thousand specimens examined I have always found it
distinct.1
The type is in the author's collection. Paratypes Cat. No. 339108,
U. S. N. M. (3 specimens).
1 It is also figured in the writer's book, "In Lower Florida Wilds," colored front-
ispiece, fig. 3 (G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York).
27— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (121)
122 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Liguus solidus pseudopictus, n. subsp.
Shell large, thin, with slightly rounded whorls, with a dark sutural band
that is continued to the aperture, pale, greenish yellow with longitudinal
bluish or purplish smears. Just above the suture is a row of brownish
blotches and immediately below it is another, the latter markings smaller.
The type measures: Length, 62 mm.; diameter, 30 mm.
The type was collected near the upper end of Lower Matecumbe Key,
Florida.
This resembles L. solidus pictus of the lower chain of islands but is
larger and somewhat differently colored. The type is in the author's
collection.
Paratypes, Cat. No. 339109, U. S. N. M. (1 specimen).
Liguus solidus delicatus, n. subsp.
A small form is found on Lower Matecumbe Key which is somewhat
semi-transparent. It has a few faint spiral lines which are solid or broken
into dots.
The type was collected on the upper end of Lower Matecumbe Key,
Florida. It is in the author's collection.
Liguus crenatus capensis, n. subsp.
Shell elongated, solid, with rather flat whorls, white throughout with
narrow, green spiral lines.
The type measures: Length, 58 mm.; diameter, 27 mm.
The type was collected on Northwest Cape Sable, and hammocks
nearby.
This subspecies is very close to the typical crenatus of Cuba. The type
is in the author's collection. Paratypes Cat. No. 339092, U. S. N. M.
(2 specimens).
Liguus crenatus vacaensis, n. subsp.
A solid, elongated form which is close to capensis but differs by having
convex outlines to the spire and fewer revolving green lines.
The type was collected southwest of Conchtown, Key Vaca, Florida,
and is in the author's collection. Paratype 339091, U. S. N. M. (1 speci-
men).
Liguus crenatus eburneus, n. subsp.
Shell rather solid, usually somewhat elongated, pure ivory white through-
out, or rarely having a few faint spiral lines back of the basal part of the
aperture.
The type measures: Length, 52 mm.; diameter, 26 mm.
The type was collected on Timb's Hammock, Lower Dade County,
Florida. It has also been collected on the mainland from Long Key in
the Lower Everglades north to Lemon City. The type is in the author's
collection. It is figured in "Lower Florida Wilds," frontispiece, fig. 10,
Paratype Cat. No. 339093, U. S. N. M.
Simpson — New Subspecies of Liguus. 123
Liguus crenatus mosieri, n. subsp.
Shell small to medium size, generally rather thin, with moderately
rounded whorls, usually pale greenish yellow varying to whitish, and
darker on the last whorl. Apex and columellar area pure white, the body
of the shell having from few to many narrow green, spiral lines that are
wanting at the periphery.
The type was collected at the upper end of Brickell Hammock, Miami,
Florida. It is abundant in the great hammock at Miami ; north to Arch
Creek and south to Paradise Key in the Lower Everglades. It is named
for Charles Mosier, an excellent naturalist and collector. The type is in
the collection of the author. Paratypes Cat. No. 339104, U. S. N. M.
(2 specimens) .
Liguus crenatus cingulatus, n. subsp.
Shell rather small, inflated, usually thin, with somewhat rounded
whorls, pure white with a broad spiral pale yellow band on the upper part
of the whorls and another on the base, with occasionally a few faint spiral
lines.
The type measures: Length, 38 mm.; diameter, 20 mm.
The type was collected on Brickell Hammock, Miami, Florida. Others
were collected at Timb's Hammock, Miami Hammock, Costello's Ham-
mock, Dade County, Florida, and on Long Island of the Upper Keys.
The type is in the author's collection.
Liguus crenatus luteus, n. subsp.
Shell variable in size, rather solid, inflated or elongated; apex and col-
umellar region white, the rest of the surface pale yellow to orange, lighter
colored on the earlier whorls, often with a greenish peripheral spiral line
and occasionally a few other faint ones.
The type measures: Length, 63 mm.; diameter, 25 mm.
Another specimen measures: Length, 38 mm.; diameter, 18 mm.
The type specimen was collected on Key Vaca, above Conchtown.
The type is largely and richly colored. Others come from Long Key in the
Lower Everglades north to Dania, Florida, and is abundant. The type
is in the collection of the author. Paratypes Cat. No. 339094, U. S. N.
M. (2 specimens).
Liguus fasciatus alternates, n. subsp.
Shell in almost every way like that of castaneozonatus except that the
two broad spiral supra-peripheral and basal dark bands are broken into
longitudinal bars of alternately light and dark brown, and the columellar
area is rich red. This form may or may not have the narrow peripheral
line as does castaneozonatus.
The type measures: Length, 45 mm.; diameter, 24 mm.
The type was collected on Timb's Hammock, Florida. Other specimens
came from Shiel's Hammock, Lower Dade County, Florida. The type
is in the author's collection. Paratype Cat. No. 339099, U. S. N. M.
(1 specimen).
124 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Probably a variation from castaneozonatus but among the 40 or 50
specimens I have seen there are no intermediates. It is figured in "In
Lower Florida Wilds" frontispiece, fig. 8.
Liguus fasciatus ornatus, n. subsp.
Shell solid, with moderately rounded whorls, with reddish or purple
apex and pink to deep violet columellar area, the surface yellow, orange or
orange-brown becoming more richly colored on the last whorl. Quite
often there are one to several greenish spiral lines on the last two whorls.
The type measures: Length, 46 mm.; diameter, 26 mm.
The type was collected on Paradise Key; it also comes from Long Key
in the Everglades north to Miami. The type is in the author's collection.
It is figured in "Lower Florida Wilds," frontispiece, fig. 11. Paratypes
Cat. No. 339100, U. S. N. M. (2 specimens).
Liguus fasciatus miamiensis, n. subsp.
Shell rather small, subsolid, with moderately rounded whorls; apex and
columellar area pink to deep violet ; body of shell dull whitish ; fourth, fifth
and sixth whorls having a rather wide median band consisting of irregular
brown blotches and zigzags. This pattern changes into narrow greenish
lines which continue to the aperture. In some shells there is a narrow,
reddish peripheral line.
The type measures: Length, 46 mm.; diameter, 23 mm.
Another specimen measures: Length, 38 mm.; diameter 30 mm.
The type was collected on Miami Hammock, and others northward to
Ojus. The type is in the collection of the author. Paratypes Cat. No.
339098, U. S. N. M. (2 specimens).
Liguus fasciatus livingstoni, n. subsp.
Shell small to medium size, rather solid, with slightly rounded whorls;
apex and columellar area pink to violet; the rest of the surface yellowish
white or greenish white, with few to many green, bronzy or brownish
spiral lines; there are sometimes a few faint brown blotches on the fourth
to the sixth whorls.
| The type measures: Length, 42 mm.; diameter, 22 mm.
j:- Another specimen measures: Length, 45 mm.; diameter, 24 mm.
The type was collected at the north end of Brickell Hammock, and is
named in honor of A. R. Livingston, who has been an indefatigable col-
lector of Florida Liguus in almost inaccessible regions. The type is in
the author's collection. Paratypes Cat. No. 339102, U. S. N. M. (2 speci-
mens).
Liguus fasciatus elegans, n. subsp.
Shell usually rather small, subsolid, with decidedly flat whorls, with
deep pink apex and columellar area. Surface of shell flesh colored or pale
pinkish, with a few faint brownish blotches on the third, fourth and fifth
whorls. There is a single brownish spiral line at the suture which is carried
around the body whorl to the aperture and often a few faint spiral greenish
lines on the last whorl.
Simpson — New Subspecies of Liguus. 125
The type measures: Length, 40 mm.; diameter, 22 mm.
The type was collected on a small island near Whitewater Bay. This
beautiful form inhabits exclusively this small island hammock in the Lower
Everglades a few miles east of Whitewater Bay. It rarely occurs in
hammocks as far north as Arch Creek. One specimen obtained in a small
hammock on Long Key in the Everglades is a giant, measuring 60 mm.
in length and 32 mm. in diameter. I collected Liguus at Cabanas Bay
in Cuba which are almost absolutely identical with this. It is figured
in "Lower Florida Wilds," frontispiece, fig. 5. The type is in the author's
collection. Paratype Cat. No. 339097, U. S. N. M. (1 specimen).
Liguus fasciatus lineolatus, n. subsp.
Shell subsolid, with somewhat rounded whorls, with rich pink apex and
columellar area; general surface of the shell pale pinkish or flesh color,
often tinted with pale ochraceous towards the aperture. There are gen-
erally a few faint greenish or brownish spiral lines on the last whorl and
in many specimens there is a deep buff or pinkish peripheral line.
The type measures: Length, 65 mm.; diameter, 32 mm.
Another specimen from Pumpkin Key measures: Length, 45 mm.;
diameter, 22 mm.
The type was collected on Totten's Key; other specimens came from
Cape Romano region; Chokoloskee; East Cape Sable; South shore of the
mainland; Miami Hammock; Upper Keys. It is figured in "Lower
Florida Wilds," frontispiece, fig. 2.
Dr. Pilsbry figured two forms in his paper in the Journal of the Academy
of Sciences of Philadelphia under the name roseatus but designates the
first three figures on Plate XXXVIII as the types. These all have a broad
spiral band on the upper part of the body whorl and differ considerably,
especially figure 11B, from the figure 18 which I refer to lineolatus. Both
forms are widely distributed and are somewhat variable but each occurs
in several localities where the other is not found. The broad yellow
banded form occupies exclusively an Everglade Island hammock not very
far from Whitewater Bay while the lineolatus is very abundant on Pumpkin
Key and is the only form found on the island. The type is in the author's
collection. The Museum specimens came from Chokoloskee Cat. No.
339105, U. S. N. M., and were presented by the author.
Liguus fasciatus versicolor, n. subsp.
Shell rather small, somewhat solid, brilliantly polished, with slightly
rounded whorls. The ground color may be bluish green with yellow zigzags
and longitudinal markings, or yellow with brown markings of various
designs along the suture and at the periphery. In all the shells there is a
light peripheral line and it is often bordered with burnt brown. Apex
deep pink; columellar area pink to whitish.
The type measures: Length, 40 mm.; diameter, 22 mm.
The type was collected at Big Hammock, Long Key in the Everglades;
it also occurs sparingly north to Miami. It is figured in "Lower Florida
126 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Wilds," frontispiece, figure 12. The type is in the collection of the author.
It is one of the most beautiful and variable shells in the world. Paratypes
Cat. No. 339101, U. S. N. M. (3 specimens).
Liguus fasciatus castaneus, n. subsp.
Shell moderately solid, with slightly convex whorls, varying from rich
chestnut to almost black, and marked with longitudinal or zigzag yellow
flames. Columellar area tinted purplish; apex purplish or whitish. In
all except the darkest shells there is a light band at the periphery.
The type measures : Length, 40 mm. ; diameter, 20 mm.
Another specimen from Long Key, Everglades, measures: Length,
46 mm.; diameter, 26 mm.
The type was collected from Cox Hammock, Paradise Keys.
There are intermediates between this form and testudineus on the one
hand and versicolor on the other and all three doubtless are hybrids between
marmoratus and some form of fasciatus. The type is in the collection of
the author. Paratypes Cat. No. 339106, U. S. N. M. (1 specimen).
The author has in preparation a monograph of the Floridian Liguus,
discussing their origin, migration and colonization in our state, and their
general ecology.
Vol. 33, pp. 127—128 December 30, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
A NEW GEOPHIS FROM MEXICO.
BY E. R. DUNN.
Among the snakes brought back from Mexico by Nelson and
Goldman is a Geophis which I take to be undescribed.
Geophis anocularis, new species.
Type, U. S. National Museum No. 46556; adult d1; collected in 1894
by Nelson and Goldman.
Type Locality. — Totontepec, Oaxaca, Mexico.
Description of Type. — Scales smooth, without pits, in 17 rows; ventrals
124; anal single; subcaudals 35 pairs; labials 6/6; symphysial in contact
with chin-shields; two pairs of chin-shields, the anterior the longer; upper
part of rostral not more than half its distance from frontal; four lower
labials in contact with anterior chin shields; no oculars, eye bounded by
prefrontal, loreal, labials 3, 4 and 5, and parietal; prefrontals very large,
in contact with parietals.
The maxillary does not extend forward beyond the palatines, the first
tooth is at the level of the suture between the second and third labial.
Uniform brown above, light yellow beneath; first and second row of
scales mixed brown and light; underside of tail more or less mottled with
brown.
Total length, 287 mm.; tail, 52 mm.
Remarks. — So far as I can see this form ha s little to do with any described
Geophis.
Geophis rostralis (Jan) and Geophis dubius Bocourt are the only ones
described as having the symphysial in contact with the chin-shields, but
the present species has less ventrals, four instead of three labials in con-
tact with the anterior chin-shields, no oculars, and a much less produced
rostral.
Geophis godmani Boulenger is the only described species having the
prefrontals and parietals in contact, but it has more ventrals, 15 scale
rows, the first lower labials in contact with each other, a long rostral, a
postocular, and three lower labials in contact with the chin-shields.
28 — Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (127)
Vol. 33, pp. 129-138 December 30, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
SOME REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS FROM VIRGINIA,
NORTH CAROLINA, TENNESSEE AND ALABAMA
BY E. R. DUNN.
In the summer of 1919, I collected in the Southern States,
for the Museum of Comparative Zoology, the work centering
around the mountains. It has seemed worth while to record
the localities and to add a few notes on the salamanders. I
wish to express my gratitude to the authorities of the Museum
of Comparative Zoology and especially to Dr. Thomas Barbour
for the opportunity of making this trip.
List of Collecting Localities.
Mt. Vernon, Va.; June 20 and 23; Coastal Plain; heavy, damp woods,
swamp and tidal flats; altitude below 100 feet.
Dogue Creek, Va.: June 21; Coastal Plain; the flood plain of a small
stream; open meadow land; altitude below 100 feet.
Crozet, Va.: August 28; foot of the Blue Ridge in the interior valley
of Albemarle and Nelson Counties, Va. ; altitude 700 feet. I include here
some specimens taken by my brother, R. A. Dunn, during August and
September.
Midway Mills, Nelson Co., Va. : June 26-July 6, Aug. 22 and 24;
plateau deeply dissected by the James River and small tributaries; river
altitude 350 feet, plateau level 550 to 600 feet.
Manteo, Va. : June 30; same general region as Midway.
White Top Gap, Va., High Southern Blue Ridge: July 9-11; White
Top Mt. in the Stone Mountains is 5520 feet. The altitude of the more
level country is about 3500 feet, and is apparently the same plateau-like
surface as at Linville, and is possibly the Kittattinny peneplain. White
Top Mt. is wooded at the base with a chestnut-white oak forest and at the
top with a fir forest. In between the two is what is now, and has been for a
long time, pasture laud.
Abingdon, Va. : July 13; Holston Valley at 2000 feet. Typical Appa-
lachian valley country with narrow ridges and broader valleys alternating.
29— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (129)
130 Proceedings of ike Biological Society of Washington.
Linville, N. C: July 15-22; country generally similar to White Top
Gap (see also Dunn, Bull. American Museum of Natural History, Vol.
37, pp. 593-634).
Mt. Sterling, N. C. : July 24-26, Great Smoky Mts. The gap of the
Pigeon river forms the northern boundary of the range. Sharp Top or
White Rock Mt. is the most northern peak, altitude about 5100 feet;
the valley at Mt. Sterling is 1500 feet.
Spring City, Tennessee: July 29-31; in the Appalachian Valley at the
foot of the Cumberland escarpment. The Cumberland plateau has here a
general level of 1600 feet and Spring City itself is 781 feet.
Chattanooga, Tenn.: Aug. 1-3; I visited Signal Mt. and Lookout Mt.,
both about 2000 feet high, and on opposite sides of the Tennessee, near
Chattanooga.
At the three places where I visited the Cumberland plateau, forest fires
had practically spoiled the region for collecting. At Spring City the hills
are burnt systematically every fall in order to provide better pasturage
for the cattlt . The larger trees are not destroyed but the effect on the
small fauna and on forest development can be imagined.
Anniston, Ala.: Aug. 6-18; southern end of Appalachian valley, alter-
nating ridges and valleys ; a region of much underground drainage and with
few and large springs and few running streams. A drought was on at
the time I was there. Most of my collecting was done in the limits of
Camp McClellan and at 800 feet alt.
Morrisville, Ala.: Aug. 11 and 18. Similar to Anniston, but out in
the valley away from the ridge. Alt. 550 feet.
SPECIES.
Triturus viridescens (Rafinesque).
Midway (June 29, July 2), 2 red land forms; Linville (July 15-19), 17
water forms in pond at 3800 feet, 17 land forms at 4200 feet; Spring City
(July 29), 1 red land form, 1500 feet.
It may be noteworthy that the newt is comparatively rare in unglaciated
upland country and usually found in the red land stage except where ar-
tificial ponds have been put in as at Linville where the newt is as common
in both stages as one finds it in glaciated New England.
Ambystoma maculatum (Shaw).
Mt. Vernon, one adult; Midway, 2 larvae in a pool of water in an aban-
doned quarry.
Ambystoma opacum (Green).
Mt. Vernon, an immature specimen with the transverse bars not ap-
parent, rather irregularly mottled with white, probably recently trans-
formed from an egg laid in the fall (see Dunn, 1917).
Plethodon yonahlossee Dunn.
White Top (4000 feet), 6 (new record for Virginia) ; Linville (4200 feet), 8.
Dunn — Reptiles and Amphibians. 131
The habitat and habits of this salamander are the same at White Top
as at Linville. At the latter place specimens were taken at the original
type locality and also about five miles nearer Blowing Rock, in a second
growth oak forest along the Yonahlossee road.
Plethodon glutinosus glutinosus (Green).
Mt. Vernon, 4; Midway, 1; White Top (up to 3800 feet), 12; Abingdon;
Linville (up to 4200 feet), 15; Mt. Sterling (up to 3500 feet), 2; Spring
City (1000 feet), 10; Anniston, 3.
Plethodon jordani Blatchley.
Mt. Sterling, 37 (new record for North Carolina) ; from 4000 to 4500
feet on Sharp Top Mt. Very common, especially in rotten logs. It
apparently replaces P. metcalfi in the Smokies as the latter was not found
on Sharp Top. Judging from the specimens I have seen P. metcalfi,
P. shermani, and P. jordani form a closely related group. P.
shermani, of which I have seen three specimens, the type and two others
from Wayah Bald Mt. in the Nantahala Range, probably replaces P.
metcalfi in that range just as P. jordani seems to do in the Smokies. Of
P. jordani I have seen only the present series, and one other with no more
definite locality than "Tennessee," but which in all probability came from
the Smokies as did the type. Three of my series lacked the red stripe on
the side of the head which is so striking a mark of this species. One of
these had red dots on the legs. The specimens vary in the size of the
stripe and in the amount of pigment present. This seems not at all cor-
related with age or sex.
Of metcalfi, I have seen the large series listed below and in addition some
150 specimens of my own collecting in the American Museum from the
Blue Ridge and the Pisgah Ridge and others in Washington, Cambridge,
and Philadelphia from other localities in the North Carolina mountains.
The vomerine tooth series is shortest in shermani and longest in jordani
but individual variation in jordani and metcalfi may show specimens which
have as few teeth as the Nantahala species. The parasphenoids are utterly
unreliable for identification. I can detect very little difference in the
proportions of these three forms, though the head of jordani is somewhat
broader and the snout less swollen than in metcalfi. This, however, varies
quite a bit in individuals. The surest characters then are those of color.
All the known specimens of shermani have red legs. This is the only
species from the Nantahala range. P. jordani from the Smokies is very
black with a red stripe on the side of the head but in about 8% of the
specimens this stripe is lacking. Dots of red may bf* present on the legs.
I am inclined to believe that it is mere coincidence that in the one specimen
with rid on the legs the stripe is absent from the cheeks.
P. metcalfi is the lightest in body color and has no red markings. It was
described from the Balsams and is further known from the Blue Ridge,
the Pisgah Ridge, the Cowee Mts., and the Tusk witty Range in North
Carolina, the Iron Mts. in Tennessee and Virginia, and Brasstown Bald
132 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Mt. in Georgia. It seems odd that no form of this group has yet been
taken in the Black Mts. Probably all the ranges of the Southern Appala-
chians which have any considerable area above 3000 feet support an animal
of this group. Most of them are inhabitated by metcalfi but on two ranges
are forms which have developed or retained red in the coloration.
Plethodon metcalfi Brimley.
White Top (3500-4500 feet), 60 (new record for Virginia); Linville, 52.
Excessively common; with D. o. carolinensis the characteristic salamander
of the woods above 3000 feet.
Plethodon cinereus (Green).
White Top (4000 feet), 9; Linville (4200 feet), 17; Crozet, 1.
Desmognathus quadra-maculatus (Holbrook).
White Top, 29; Abingdon, 2; Linville, 38; Mt. Sterling, 6.
Desmognathus monticola Dunn.
Midway, 5; Manteo, 3; White Top, 9; Linville, 8; Mt. Sterling, 4;
Crozet, 4.
This species at Midway and Manteo lives at the heads of narrow deep
ravines cut in the Piedmont plateau. Evidently mountain conditions are
reproduced in these dark cool gorges.
Desmognathus fuscus fuscus (Rafinesque).
Midway, 8; Manteo, 4; White Top (5000 feet), 14; Spring City, 15
(one with 15 eggs July 30); Anniston, 19 (with eggs Aug. 8, Aug. 18);
Crozet, 3.
It may seem odd to find this species on White Top, but the conditions
there make it evident that fuscus has come in from the west and is able
to hold its own on account of the large unforested area on White Top.
On the higher open meadows of this mountain fuscus is the species of
salamander around the springs, while monticola is found in the narrow
gorges shaded by heavy stands of timber.
Desmognathus ochrophaeus carolinensis Dunn.
White Top (up to 5500 feet), 40 (new record for Virginia); Linville,
23; Mt. Sterling, 16.
Several of these were found in the spruce forest on top of White Top.
No other salamanders reached so high — most dropping out as the pasture
belt was reached.
Gyrinophilus porphyriticus (Green).
Midway, one adult and one larva in spring.
Gyrinophilus danielsi (Blatchley).
Linville, one adult under a piece of bark in woods and 4 larvae in very
small brooks.
Pseudotriton montanus Baird.
Abingdon, one adult in mud near a spring; Spring City, one adult under
a log in woods, and 2 larvae in a spring.
Dunn — Reptiles and Amphibians. 133
Pseudotriton ruber ruber (Sonnini).
Midway, one adult under a log in woods, 2 larvae in a spring; Anniston,
26 adults and larvae taken in springs; Crozet, one larva in a spring.
Pseudotriton ruber schencki (Brimley).
Mt. Sterling, one larva in a spring.
The true state of affairs is not reflected in the classification if we rec-
ognize schencki from the southern half of the Southern Blue Ridge and call
the animals from the rest of the mountains ruber. As a matter of fact
the animals of the northern half of the Southern Blue Ridge are as worthy
of racial recognition as schencki. P. schencki is marked by clear coloration
and by special amount of black pigment on the chin. The race to be
described has almost no black pigment in the chin and, indeed, has less
black pigment than either ruber or schencki.
Pseudotriton ruber nitidus, n. sp.
Type, M. C. Z., No. 5649, adult female; White Top Mt.,Va., 4000 feet
(under a log in woods); July 11, 1919; E. R. Dunn, collector.
Diagnosis. — A red salamander with no black pigment on distal half
of tail and little or none on chin. Distinct spots on dorsal surface. No
dark ground color.
Description of Type. — Sixteen costal grooves counting axillar, six inter-
costal spaces between appressed toes; head flattened, rounded in outline,
no canthus rostralis, head width bl/2 in distance from snout to vent.
Head length 4 in body length. A groove along neck from eye to gular
fold, a groove from this vertically down past angle of jaw, lower eyelid
prolonged backward in a narrow fold. Tail short, flattened at tip, a
raised keel on dorsal surface. Fingers short 3, 2, 4, 1 in order of length.
Toes 3, 4, 2, 5, 1 in order of length. Red, lighter below, definite scattered
spots on top of head, on back, on top of proximal half of tail and on upper
surfaces of limbs. No markings on body or tail ventral to a line joining
insertions of legs. A few dots along lower lip and on throat. Vomerine
tooth series confluent with parasphenoid series, well separated from each
other, each forming a right angle and passing beyond outer border of
choanae which are small.
Dimensions. — Total length, 97; head, 12; body, 49; tail, 36 mm.
Remarks. — Occasional young specimens of the other two races of ruber
may show the coloration of this form, but as a rule the black lips of schencki
and the spotted tail tip of ruber appear upon transformation. Besides
the type one was taken at Abingdon at the edge of a spring. Others have
been seen from Linville, Cane River, Cranberry, Spruce Pine, Roan Mt.,
and Old Fort, N. C. Brimley records ruber from Burnsville, N. C, in all
probability referring to this form. Typical schencki occurs at Asheville
School, near Asheville, N. C, and schencki, with a definite trend toward
nitidus in the less black on the chin and on the tail, at Marshall, N. C.
Apparently nitidus inhabits the area bounded by the Stone Mts. and Iron
Mts. to the west, the Blue Ridge to the east and the Black Mts. to the
134 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
south. This region is more of a high plateau country than is the habitat
of schencki, where the dissection is more mature. The range of nitidus is,
then, that less dissected northern portion of the Southern Blue Ridge,
which is also the region of Leurognathns marmoratus and of Plethodon
yonahlossee. The type is remarkable in lacking a tongue, the slit for the
tongue stalk being a mere groove. This is evidently due to some accident,
but the animal seemed to be normal and to be getting along quite well
without its complicated hyoid apparatus.
Eurycea gutto-lineata (Holbrook).
Mt. Sterling (1800 feet), one adult and 16 larvae in spring; Anniston,
one adult in spring ; Morrisville, one adult in spring ; Crozet, tWQ,adults in
spring.
Eurycea longicauda (Green).
Mt. Sterling (1500 feet), one adult under a log in woods.
New record for North Carolina. In the South, as in the North, this
animal seems to be working eastwards, but only north of the Potomac has
it made much headway.
Eurycea bislineata bislineata (Green).
Midway, 1 larva; Manteo, 1 adult; Abingdon (2000 feet), 2 adults,
1 larva; Spring City (1500 feet), 3 adults.
It seems necessary, upon careful consideration, to separate the animals
of the Southern Blue Ridge as a race of bislineata. This race is almost
immediately recognizable, but it is rather hard to frame a definition, on
account of its variability in color. I name it for Mrs. H. H. Wilder,
who has done a great amount of work on the life history of the typical
form.
Eurycea bislineata wilderae, n. sp.
Type, M. C. Z., No. 5848, adult male; White Top Mt., Va., 4000 feet
(under log in woods) ; July, 1919; E. R. Dunn, collector.
Diagnosis. — Similar to E. bislineata bislineata, but adult male usually
with cirri on upper jaw, and somewhat more slender in form, tail longer,
markings usually a narrow black line on sides, broken or absent on distal
half of tail.
Description of Type. — Costal grooves 15, counting axillar and inguinal.
Four intercostal folds between appressed toes. Head width 6'/2 times
in length from snout to vent, head length 4'/2 times in length of body.
Head an elongate oval with blunt snout. Snout swollen, eye a little longer
than its distance from tip of snout. Sides of naso-labial groove, swollen
and prolonged into a cirrus whose tip is free and which is not an extension
of the edge of the lip. Outline of upper jaw convex as viewed from the side,
angle of jaw below eye and very narrowly separated from lower eyelid —
a short groove connects edge of lip with groove of lower eyelid. A groove
from eye along side of head almost to gular fold — latter on sides of neck to
just above insertion of arm. Vomerine teeth series closely approximated
Dunn — Reptiles and Amphibians. 135
behind. Series equidistant from nares and from parasphenoid series,
by V3 length of vomerines, parasphenoids in two long narrow patches
beginning behind middle of eye socket. Tail imperfect, a pointed ellipse
in cross section. Yellow, a narrow black line from behind eye and above
postocular groove, beginning as a series of spots on head, a line on the body,
and breaking again into spots on the tail. Stripe distinctly bordered with
lighter above and less distinctly below. Region between stripes dotted
with black. Faint gray wash on sides. Limbs gray. Ventral surface
immaculate.
Dimensions. — Total length, 56; head, 7; body, 27; tail (imperfect), 20
mm.
Variations. — No females seen have cirri. Occasional males lack them
but I am unable to correlate this with age or season. The coloration is very
variable. In general it is easy to distinguish a specimen of this form from
one of the typical race and this on account of the sharp outlines of the
black in wilderae and the usual absence in it of the dark wash, but occa-
sional specimens are almost the reverse of this and, lacking all trace of
the stripe, are uniformly dotted with black. Usually the stripe is absent
on the distal half of the tail or is represented by a row of dots. But the
color of wilderae is usually lighter and the markings more definite in outline
than in any of the other races of bislineata. Besides the type and sixteen
others from White Top Mt., Va., I have seen specimens of this form from
Linville, Cranberry, Roan Mt., Black Mt., Mt. Mitchell, Cane River,
Burnsville, Mt. Sterling, Pink Beds, Montreat, Blantyre, Brevard, High-
lands and Henderson Co., North Carolina, from an unknown locality in
Tennessee (probably in the Smokies) and from Clayton, Rabun Co., and
Cherry Log, Gilmer Co., Ga. So that the range is the Southern division
of the Blue Ridge. At Linville a batch of eggs was found hatching on
July 19. They were attached to the under side of a stone in a brook just
as are the eggs of bislineata.
White Top, 17; Linville, 8; Mt. Sterling, 11 larvae.
Eurycea bislineata cirrigera (Green).
Anniston, adults, larvae; Morrisville, larvae.
Specimens from Anniston and Morrisville represent this southern race,
characterized by cirri in the males and by the dark area below the stripe
being mottled with white, especially on the tail.
Bufo americanus Holbrook.
White Top, 1; Linville, 3; Mt. Sterling, 1; Spring City, 4; Crozet, 1.
Bufo fowled Garman.
Mt. Vernon, 1; Midway, 5; Linville, 2; Anniston, 6; Crozet, 2.
Acris gryllus (Le Conte).
Mt. Vernon, 1 ; Manteo, 1 ; Anniston.
Hyla cinerea evittata (Miller).
Mt. Vernon, 28.
136 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Hyla crucifer Wied.
Mt. Vernon, 4; Linville.
Hyla versicolor Le Conte.
White Top, 1; Linville,.
Rana catesbeiana Shaw.
Mt. Vernon, 2; Anniston.
Rana clamitans Latreille.
Mount Vernon; Midway; Spring City, 1 ; Anniston, 2; Crozet, 1.
Rana sphenocephala (Cope).
Dogue Creek, 1; Anniston, 3.
Rana palustris Le Conte.
Mt. Vernon, 1; Manteo, 1; Midway, 1; Abingdon, 1; Spring City, 1.
Rana sylvatica Le Conte.
Mt. Vernon, 1 ; Abingdon.
Anolis carolinensis Voigt.
Anniston, 1.
Sceloporus undulatus (Latreille).
Mt. Vernon; Midway, 5; Manteo; Spring City, 1; Anniston, 1; Crozet.
Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (Linn.).
Midway; Spring City; Anniston.
Leiolopisma laterale (Say).
Mt. Vernon, 1; Midway, 1; Spring City, 1; Anniston, 1.
Plestiodon fasciatus (Linn.).
Mt. Vernon, 3; Midway, 1 ( 9 with 12 eggs); Spring City, 2; Anniston,
3; Crozet, 1.
Carphophis amoena (Say).
Mt. Vernon, 1; Manteo, 1; Linville, 1; Spring City, 6; Anniston.
Diadophis punctatus edwardsii (Merrem).
Midway, 1 ; Linville, 2.
Heterodon contortrix (Linn.).
Midway, 1.
Coluber constrictor (Linn.).
Mt. Vernon, 1; Linville, 1; Spring City; Anniston.
Coluber flagellum (Shaw).
Anniston, 2.
Elaphe obsoleta confinis (B. and G.).
Chattanooga; Lookout Mt., 2000 feet, 1.
Lampropeltis getulus getulus (Linn.).
Mt. Vernon, 1.
Lampropeltis getulus niger (Yarrow).
Anniston, 1.
Dunn — Reptiles and Amphibians. 137
Lampropeltis triangulum triangulum (Lacepede).
Linville, 1.
Lampropeltis rhombomaculata (Holbrook).
Crozet, 1.
Natrix sipedon (Linn.).
Mt. Vernon; Midway, 2; White Top; Abingdon, 1; Linville, 3; Mt.
Sterling, 3; Spring City, 2; Anniston, 2.
Natrix septemvittata (Say).
Midway, 3 ; Spring City, 1 ; Crozet, 2.
Thamnophis sauritus (Linn.).
Crozet, 1.
Thamnophis sirtalis (Linn.).
White Top, 1; Linville, 1.
Agkistrodon mokasen Beauvois.
Midway, 1.
Sistrurus miliarius (Linn.).
Morrisville.
Crotalus horridus Linn.
Mt. Sterling, 1; Anniston, 1.
Kinosternon odoratum (Latreille) .
Anniston, 6; Manteo; Spring City.
Kinosternon subrubrum (Lacepede).
Mt. Vernon, 1 ; Midway, 1 ; Spring City.
Chelydra serpentina (Linn.).
Dogue Creek; Anniston, 2; Crozet.
Terapene Carolina (Linn.).
Mt. Vernon; Midway; Anniston, 2; Crozet.
Chrysemys picta (Schneider).
Mt. Vernon; Midway, 1; Manteo, 1; Crozet.
Pseudemys concinna (Le Conte.)
Mt. Vernon, 1; Midway, 5.
Pseudemys elegans (Wied.).
Anniston, 1.
Vol. 33, pp. 1 39- 1 70 December 30, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OF THB
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
A LIST OF THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY.
BY HENRY W. FOWLER.1
Fourteen years have passed since my very incomplete work,
"The Fishes of New Jersey," appeared. Using the old work
as a basis, the attempt in the present paper is to gather all
the data relative to the distribution of each species. Only
counties are mentioned from which each has been recorded.
Where additional notes and materials have been studied the
localities are indicated in parentheses. This contribution is
therefore offered as a slight aid to geographical distribution.
Two confused blennies are also indicated as additions to the
fauna.
Samuel Latham Mitchill described four species from New
Jersey, though only one is now admitted as valid. Like many
other early writers he unfortunately proposed a large number
of names which have fallen as synonyms. Charles Alexandre
Le Sueur is really the first to carefully study New Jersey
fishes. He described thirteen valid species and twenty-
eight synonyms, though only four of the latter from New
Jersey. Although Constantine Samuel Rafinesque described
many of our species, very few were actually obtained in New
Jersey. Achille Valenciennes described several New Jersey
species and a great number of synonyms. Four species are
credited to James Ellsworth De Kay, likewise many synonyms.
Joseph Leidy, Theodore Nicholas Gill and John Adam Ryder
were only incidentally interested in New Jersey Ichthyology.
Papers omitted or subsequent to those in my "Fishes of
New Jersey" are as follows:
1 Published by permission of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
30— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (139)
140 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Charles Conrad Abbott (1843-1919).
1864. On Belone truncata and on the flesh of Lepidosteus. <Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863 (1864), p. 282.
1867. An ugly Customer. [Lepidosteus.] <Riverside Magazine, I,
1867, pp. 174-6.
1872. The Banded Sunfish (Mesogonistius chaetodon Gill). <Hardwicke's
Sci. Gossip, VIII, 1872, pp. 29-30, fig. 15.
The Pirate (Aphredoderus sayanus Cuvier). <L. c, pp. 151-2,
fig. 103.
The Stone Age Fish and Fishing. [Lepidosteus osseus. ] <L. c,
pp. 268-70, fig. 183.
1873 Notes on the Gizzard-shad in New Jersey. [Chatcesus cepedi-
anum.] <L. c, IX, 1873, pp. 55-6, fig. 36.
The Silver-fin (Hypsilepis analostanus Cope). <L. c, pp. 224-
5, fig. 139.
1874. The Golden Minnow (Hybognathus osmerinus Cope). <L. c,
X, 1874, pp. 9-10, fig. 9.
The Darter (Boleosoma olmstedi Storer). <L. c, pp. 57-8, fig. 49.
Note on the Breeding-habits of the Mud Minnow. [Melanura
limi.] <Pop. Sci. Monthly, IV, 1874, pp. 744-5.
1875. The Big-eared Sunfish. <Hardwicke's Sci. Gossip, XI, 1875, pp.
7-9, fig.
Two Mud-loving Fishes. [Umbra pygmaea and Acantharchus
pomotis. ] <L. c, pp. 104-7, figs. 63-4. (An aquarial study
of their color and certain habits.)
1876. Notes on the Habits of the Yellow Perch. < Field and Forest, I,
1876, pp. 3-4.
A Voracious Fish. [Esox tridecemlineatus. ] < Forest and Stream,
V, February 3, 1876, p. 404.
1877. Traces of a Voice in Fishes. <Amer. Nat., XI, 1877, pp. 147-56.
1879. Winter Habits of the Eel. <Sci. News, I, 1879, pp. 183-4.
1883. The Intelligence of Fish. < Science, I, April 22, 1883, pp. 327-8.
1884. The Color-sense in Fishes. <L. c, IV, 1884, pp. 336-9, 2 figs.
On the Habits of Certain Sunfish. [Mesogonistius chsetodon and
Enneacanthus simulans.] <Amer. Nat, XVII, 1884, pp.
1254-5.
1888. Note on the Breeding-habits of the Bill-fish (Tylosurus longirostris).
< Science, XII, August 10, 1888, p. 72.
Joseph Leidy (1823-1891).
1888. Distinctive characters of Odontaspis littoralis. <Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 1888, pp. 162-4. (On Abbott's example, and
jaws mostly from New Jersey.)
Eugene Smith (1860-1912).
1902. The Home Aquarium. New York. 1902. Fishes, pp. 74-129,
figs. 48-87. (Popular account of local fishes about New York,
with notes on their natural history in the aquarium.)
Fowler — Fishes of New Jersey. 141
1905. Exolgossum east of the Delaware. < Science, n. s., XXII, pp.
119-120.
1912. Fundulus and fresh water. <L. c, n. s., CXXV, 1912, pp. 144-
145.
Henry W. Fowler.
1906. The Fishes of New Jersey. <Rep. N. J. State Mus., 1905 (1906),
part 2, pp. 35-477, pis. 1-103, colored frontispiece and 83 text
figures.
Some Unusual New Jersey Fishes. < Science, XXIV, November
9, 1906, pp. 596-7.
1907. Cape Waters' Fish Life. <Star and Wave, Cape May, July 13,
1907, p. 1. (Popular newspaper account.)
A Supplementary Account of the Fishes of New Jersey. <Rep.
N. J. State Mus., 1906 (1907), pp. 251-350, pis. 70-122, 44
text figures.
Gambusia in New Jersey. < Science, XXVI, November 8,
1907, p. 639.
1908. Further Notes on New Jersey Fishes. <Rep. N. J. State Mus.,
1907 (1908), pp. 120-89, pis. 66-8.
1909. Note on Some New Jersey Fishes. < Science, XXIX, January
8, 1909, p. 79.
Notes on Fishes at Corson's Inlet, New Jersey. <L. c, April 2,
1909, p. 544.
Notes on New Jersey Fishes. <Rep. N. J. State Mus., 1908
(1909), pp. 351-92.
Fundulus luciae again in New Jersey. < Science, XXX, October
15, 1909, p. 526.
A new species of Fish of the genus Atopichthys, with notes on
New Jersey Fishes. <Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1909, pp
406-8, fig.
The Smooth Hound and Some Other Fishes in New Jersey
< Science, XXX, December 3, 1909, p. 815.
1911. Little Known New Jersey Fishes. <Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci
Phila., 1910 (January 13, 1911), pp. 599-602.
A New Flat Fish from New Jersey. <L. c, 1911 (May 24), pp
200-3.
1912. Records of Fishes for the Middle Atlantic States and Virginia
<L. c, 1912, pp. 34-59, 2 figs. (New Jersey, pp. 35-41.)
Hermaphrodite Shad in the Delaware. < Science, XXXVI
July 5, 1912, pp. 18-19.
1914. Description of a new Blenny from New Jersey, with notes on other
Fishes from the Middle Atlantic States. <Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 1914 (June 24), pp. 342-88, 1 fig. (New Jersey,
pp. 342-6.)
Notes on New Jersey Fishes. <Copeia, December 15, 1914, No.
13.
142 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
1915. A Cow-nosed Ray. <In the Open, March, 1915, p. 19 (with
fig.). (Large Rhinoptera with young, taken off Egg Island.)
The Yellow-tail (Ocyurus chrysurus) in New Jersey. <Copeia,
No. 17, April 16, 1915.
1916. Notes on New Jersey Fishes, several new to the State. <L. c,
February 24, 1916, No. 27, pp. 10-12.
Records of Northern New Jersey Fishes. <L. c, May 24, 1916,
No. 31, pp. 41-2.
1917. Notes on Fishes from New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Maryland.
<Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1917 (March), pp. 108-26.
(New Jersey, pp. 108-15.)
Shufeldt's Mud Minnow. <L. c, October 26, 1917, No. 50, pp.
94-6.
1918. Fishes from the Middle Atlantic States and Virginia. <Occas.
Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., No. 56, May 6, 1918, pp. 1-19,
pis. 1-2. (New Jersey, pp. 1-8.)
1919. Tylosurus acus in New Jersey. <Copeia, April 15, 1919, No.
68, pp. 13-14.
1920. Notes on New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Virginia Fishes. <Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1919 (1920), pp. 292-300. (New
Jersey, pp. 292-98.)
Henry W. Fowler and Richard J. Phillips.
1910. A New Fish of the Genus Paralepis from New Jersey, <Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1910 (July 25), pp. 403-6, fig.
Raymond C. Osburn.
1910. A Rare Fish from the New Jersey Coast. < Science, XXXII,
Oct. 21, 1910, p. 568. (Records Polyprion americanus off
Asbury Park.)
Charles H. Townsend.
1911. Oceanic Bonito and Little Tunny. <Bull. Zool. Soc. N. Y., No.
48, 1911, p. 811.
— ' — Local Tuna Fishing. <L. c, p. 812.
Richard J. Phillips.
1914. King Fish at Corson's Inlet. <Copeia, April 29, 1914, No. 9.
William T. Davis.
1915. The Brook Lamprey in New Jersey. <Copeia, May 15, 1915,
No. 18, pp. 1-2.
Louis Hussakof.
1916. Evidence of the Presence of Carcharodon on the New Jersey
Coast during the Past Summer. <Copeia, November 24,
1916, No. 37, pp. 86-7.
John T. Nichols.
1916. Supplementary Note on Carcharodon carcharias Off South Am-
boy. <Copeia, November 24, 1916, No. 37, p. 87.
Fowler — Fishes of New Jersey. 143
1918. Fishes of the Vicinity of New York City. < Handbook Series,
No. 7, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York, pp. 18-118. (Popular
illustrated paper, with list of species.)
W. W. Welsh.
1916. Measurements of a Large Example of Cestracion zygaena (Lin-
naeus). <Copeia, December 24, 1916, No. 38, pp. 94-5.
PETROMYZONIM.1
Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus. Lamprey.
Atlantic (Nancock Creek), Burlington (Dutch Neck fishery, Florence,
Burlington), Cape May (Cedar Swamp Creek Forks), Camden (Magnolia),
Cumberland (Bay Side, Bridgeton), Essex, Gloucester (Oldman's Creek,
Pitman), Mercer and Monmouth Counties.
Entosphenus aepypterus (Abbott). Brook Lamprey.
Bergen and Camden Counties. The late Henry Hales, of Ridge wood,
informed me in 1909 of the occurrence of small lampreys in the Hackensack
River where it joins the Saddle River. On two occasions he obtained
them in the Hackensack several years previously. They were caught in
May, in the upper water, near the dam used for water-supply.
CARCHARIID^E.
Carcharias taurus Rafinesque. Sand Shark.
Atlantic, Cape May2 (Holly Beach, Anglesea), Camden, Monmouth
(Asbury Park, lower New York Bay), Ocean (Barnegat Inlet), Salem
(Delaware River opposite mouth of Alloway Creek), Union (Perth Amboy
in Raritan Bay) Counties.
ALOPIID.E.
Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre). Thresher Shark.
Atlantic and Cape May Counties.
ISURID^.
Isurus nasus (Bonnaterre). Mackerel Shark.
Reported from Cape May as rare straggler.3
Isurus tigris (Atwood).4 Porbeagle.
Atlantic and Monmouth Counties.
i In Man. Vert. East. U. S., Ed. 8, 1899, p. 8, Jordan gives *'N. York to South
America" for the range of Branchiostoma caribaeum Sundevall. Just what this state-
ment is worth I do not know, as no further details appear. Possibly Amphioxus lanct-
olatus as recorded by Andrews from lower Chesapeake Bay may represent this species.
* The jaws I recorded from Townsend's Inlet as Lamna cornubica in Rep. N. J.
State Mus., 1905 (1906), p. 56, are really those of the present species.
a Lamna cornubica T. H. Bean, Bull. U. S. F. Com., 7, 1887 (1889), p. 256 (N. Lat.
38° 7' W. Long. 74° 21'); Fowler, Rep. N. J. State Mus., 1905 (1906), p. 56 (Cape
May); Fowler, Science, 24, November 9, 1906, p. 596 (Sea Isle City).
4 Possibly Lamna punctata Wilder, Science, I, November 6, 1880, p. 236, from Great
Neck, Long Island, is also this species.
144 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus). Great White Shark.
Recorded by Hussakof, later by Nichols, from Monmouth County.
Several bathers (Charles Epting Vansant at Beach Haven, Charles Bruder
at Sea Girt, Lester Stillwell and Stanley Fisher at Matawan) were said
to have perished from attacks by large sharks, likely this species, during
the summer of 1916.
Cetorhinus maximus (Gunner). Basking Shark.
Monmouth County. Only known from Le Sueur's early account of
Squalus elephas.
GALEORHINIM.
Mustelus cards (Mitchill). Smooth Dog Shark.
Atlantic, Cape May, Cumberland (Bay Side), Monmouth, Ocean
(Seaside Park), Salem (Delaware River near mouth of Alloway Creek
and Pennsville) Counties.
EULAMIID.E.
Galeocerdo arcticus (Fabricius). Tiger Shark.
Cape May County. The jaws of a large example obtained many years
ago in Delaware Bay from W. J. Bates, in the Academy, also the pair from
Beesley's Point.
Eulamia obscurus (Le Sueur). Dusky Shark.
Atlantic, Cape May and Monmouth Counties. Gebhard mentions1
a New York specimen, and one of seven hundred pounds taken at Deal
Beach,2 may really be the following species.
Eulamia milberti (Miiller and Henle). Milbert's Shark.
Atlantic, Camden, Cape May, Cumberland (Egg Island and Fortescue),
Monmouth3 and Union Counties.
Scoliodon terrae-novae (Richardson). Sharp-nosed Shark.
Cape May County. Mr. I. N. De Haven reports one at Sand Thorough-
fare, near Absecon in Atlantic County, about 1899.
SPHYRNID^E.
Sphyrna tiburo (Linnaeus). Bonnet-headed Shark.
Cape May County. One reported by Mr. T. D. Keim off Black Tom
Island in the summer of 1906, said to have been about six feet long.
Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus).
Atlantic, Cape May, Cumberland (Fortescue), Monmouth and Ocean
Counties. The Academy first obtained an example in 1843, from Manas-
quan.
1 Eighth An. Rep. Reg. Univ. N. Y., 1855, p. 64.
2 Forest and Stream, 35, August 7, 1890, p. 51.
The large example I reported as Carcharhinus obscurus in Rep. N. J. State Mus.,
1907 (1908), p. 124, probably from near the mouth of Delaware Bay, is Eulamia
commersonii. The record should be omitted from the present list.
8 The example I recorded from Perth Amboy as Eulamia obscurus is undoubtedly
the present species. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1910 (1911), p. 599.
Fowler — Fishes of New Jersey. 145
SQUALIM.
Squalus acanthias Linnaeus. Spiny Dog Shark.
Atlantic, Cape May, Monmouth (Asbury Park and Seabright) and
Ocean Counties. Not seen by me from Delaware Bay, though the Acad-
emy received an example from there in 1855.
SQUATINID^E.
Squatina dumeril Le Sueur. Angel Shark.
Atlantic and Cape May Counties.
PRISTID^E.
Pristis pectinatus Latham. Saw Fish.
Cape May County. A saw received in the Academy in 1846 from "off
Cape Island" I have not located. Possibly it is one of the many saws in
the collection without data.
The only New York record is by Schoepf,1 for an example taken in
July, 1782. This is later mentioned as Pristis antiqiwrum by De Kay,
Gebhard, and apparently by Hall,2 who refers it to New York Bay.
RAJID^.
Raja erinacea Mitchill. Hedge-hog Skate.
Atlantic, Cape May, Cumberland (Bay Side), Monmouth, Ocean
(Barnegat) Counties.
Raja ocellata Mitchill. Spotted Skate.
Atlantic, Burlington, Cape May, Cumberland (Bay Side), Monmouth,
Ocean (Cholera Bank) Counties.
Raja scabrata Garman. Rough Skate.
Ocean County. An egg-case and young as Raja radiata.3
Raja eglanteria Lacepede. Bob-tailed Skate.
Atlantic, Cape May (Bare Hole Fishing Grounds, Dias Creek, Five
Fathom Bank, Hereford Inlet, Holly Beach, McCrie's Shoal, Stone Har-
bor, Uncle Eph's Shoal), Cumberland (Bay Side), Monmouth (Ocean
Grove), Ocean Counties.
Raja laevis Mitchill. Barn-door Skate.
Atlantic, Cape May (Ocean City), and Monmouth Counties.
TORPEDINID^E.
Torpedo nobiliana Bonaparte. Torpedo.
Cape May and Monmouth Counties.
» Squalus pristis in Beob. Nat. Ges. Berlin, 2, 1788, p. 185.
2 Twenty-fourth Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 1870, p. 36.
3 Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1910, p. 470.
146 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
DASYATIID^E.
Urobatis jamaicensis (Cuvier). Round Sting-ray.
Known from Garman's record of a foetus credited to New Jersey.
Dasyatis centroura (Mitchill). Thorny Sting-ray.
Atlantic (Atlantic City), Cape May, Monmouth (Ocean Grove and
Port Monmouth) Counties.
Dasyatis hastatus (De Kay). Round Sting -ray.
Cape May County. Recorded by Baird and Bean. The examples I
recorded from Green Creek belong to this species, rather than D. cen-
troura.1 Gebhard mentions2 the species from New York Bay, and a
later reference3 is based on a very early occurrence.
Dasyatis say (Le Sueur). Say's Sting-ray.
Atlantic, Cape May and Ocean Counties. Muller and Henle record
it from New York as Trygon sayi on Milbert's material.4 It doubtless
occurs along the northern shores of New Jersey, as I have it from Barnegat
Inlet.
Pteroplatea micrura (Schneider). Butterfly Ray.
I have no material from New Jersey, though several times reported
from Cape May County (off Wildwood and in Delaware Bay).
MYLIOBATIDjE.
Myliobatis freminvillii Le Sueur. Eagle Ray.
Cape May County. Frequent in mid and late summer.
RHINOPTERIDJ3.
Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill). Cow-nosed Ray.
Atlantic, Cape May, Cumberland (off Egg Island), and Monmouth
Counties.
MOBULID^e.6
Manta birostris (Walbaum). Manta Ray.
Cape May County. LeSueur and Mitchill, both in 1824, describe
it from "near the entrance to Delaware Bay."
ACIPENSERID^.
Acipenser sturio Linnaeus. Sturgeon.
Atlantic, Burlington (Burlington, Dutch Neck fishery, Florence),
Cape May (Fishing Creek), Camden, Cumberland (Bay Side, Bridgeton),
J Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1909, p. 407.
2 Ninth An. Rep. Reg. Univ. N. Y., 1856, p. 29.
3 Forest and Stream, I, August 28, 1873, p. 40.
« Besch. Plagiost., 1841, p. 166.
s Though Mobula hyposlomus (Bancroft) is not known from New Jersey, Garniau
gives its range as Brazil to New York. Possibly Cephaloptcrus vampirus De Kay,
Geol. Rep. N. Y., 1840, p. 31, from New York, may be M. hyposlomus.
Fowler — Fishes of New Jersey. 147
Gloucester (Oldman's Creek and Bridgeport), Mercer, Monmouth, Ocean
(Barnegat), Salem Counties.
Acipenser brevirostrum Le Sueur. Short-nosed Sturgeon.
Burlington, Cape May, Mercer, Gloucester Counties.
LEPISOSTEIM.
Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus). Long-nosed Gar-pike.
Mercer and Warren Counties. Schoepf mentions it as Esox osseus1
and later Mitchill records one from Long Island in Scudder's Museum.
ELOPIDJE.
Megalops atlanticus Valenciennes. Tarpon.
Atlantic, Cape May (Stone Harbor), Monmouth and Ocean Counties.
Elops saurus Linnaeus. Ten-pounder.
Cape May County.
ALBULIM.
Albula vulpes (Linnaeus). Lady Fish.
Once recorded from New Jersey without definite locality, from a speci-
men in Blackford's market.2
DOROSOMIM.
Dorosoma cepedianum (Le Sueur). Mud-shad.
Atlantic, Burlington (Beverly, Delanco, Florence, Riverton), Cape May,
Gloucester, Mercer Counties.
CLUPEIM.
Etrumeus teres (De Kay). Round Herring.
Atlantic, Cape May and Ocean Counties. Valenciennes reported it
from "Philadelphie," likely from New Jersey.3
Clupea harengus Linnaeus. Herring.
Cape May County.
Pomolobus mediocris (Mitchill). Fall Herring.
Atlantic (Nancock Creek), Burlington (Dutch Neck fishery), Cape May,
Cumberland (Bay Side), Monmouth, Ocean Counties.
Pomolobus pseudoharengus (Wilson). Alewife.
Atlantic (Nancock Creek), Burlington (Beverly, Burlington, Florence,
Riverton), Cape May (Cape May, Dias Creek, Fishing Creek, Higbee's
Beach, Johnson's Run in Tuckahoe River), Camden (Camden, Palmyra),
Cumberland (Bridgeton), Gloucester (Oldman's Creek), Hoboken, Mercer
(Crosswicks Creek), Middlesex and Monmouth (Manasquan) Counties.
i Beob. Nat. GeselJ. Fr. Berlin, 2, 1788, p. 177.
■Albula condryhcus in Forest and Stream, 11, October 10, 1878, p. 208.
'Hist. Nat. Poiss., 20, 1847, p. 310.
148 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Pomolobus aestivalis (Mitchill). Summer Herring.
Atlantic (Nancock Creek), Burlington (Dutch Neck fishery, Florence),
Cape May, Gloucester, Hoboken, Mercer, Middlesex and Monmouth
Counties.
Alosa sapidissima (Wilson). Shad.
Atlantic (Nancock Creek, Somer's Point), Bergen (Fort Lee, Passaic
River), Burlington (Beverly, Burlington Island, Dutch Neck fishery,
Riverton), Camden (Cooper's Creek), Cape May (Cape May Point),
Cumberland (Bridgeton, Cohansey Creek, Egg Island, Maurice River),
Gloucester (Big Timber Creek, Mantua Creek, Oldman's Creek, Woodbury
Creek), Hudson (New York Bay), Mercer (Scudder's Falls, Well's Falls),
Monmouth (Asbury Park, Manasquan River, Red Bank, Sandy Hook Bay,
Shrewsbury River), Middlesex (Perth Amboy and Raritan Bay), Ocean
(Barnegat, Metedecong River), Salem (Alloway Creek, Oakwood Beach,
Penn's Grove), Somerset (Bound Brook) Counties.
Opisthonema oglinum (Le Sueur). Thread Herring.
Atlantic and Cape May (Cape May) Counties.
Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe). Menhaden.
Atlantic (Nancock Creek), Burlington, Camden, Cape May (Dias
Creek, Fishing Creek, Ocean City), Cumberland (Bay Side, Cohansey
Creek), Gloucester (Oldman's Creek), Middlesex (Perth Amboy), Mon-
mouth (Asbury Park, Long Branch, Ocean Grove, Raritan Bay, Red Bank)
and Ocean Counties.
ENGRAULIDID^.
Anchovia duodecim (Cope). Cope's Anchovy.
Cape May County. Only known from the type.
Anchovia eurystole (Swain and Meek). Slender Anchovy.
Atlantic, Cape May and Ocean Counties.
Anchovia brownii (Gmelin). Broad -banded Anchovy.
Atlantic and Cape May Counties.
Anchovia mitchilli (Valenciennes). Sperlin.
Atlantic (Atlantic City), Cape May (Cape May Point), Cumberland
(Egg Island), Monmouth (Asbury Park and Manasquan), Ocean (Seaside
Park), Salem Counties.
SALMONID.E.
Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill). Brook Trout.
Bergen (Hackensack River at Englewood, Passaic River at Paterson
and Oakdale), Burlington (Black and Kettle Runs, tributary to Haines
Creek, Barton's Run, all Rancocas basin), Camden (Trout Run at Clemen-
ton, Kirkwood and White Horse, all Cooper's Creek basin), Cumberland
(Newville), Essex (Brookdale), Gloucester (Little and Big Lebanon Runs,
tributaries to Big Timber Creek; Mantua Creek at Pitman; Little Ease
and Scotland Runs, tributaries of Maurice River; Woodbury Creek),
Fowler — Fishes of New Jersey. 149
Hudson (Hackensack River basin near Jersey City Heights), Mercer
(Crosswicks Creek at Trenton), Middlesex (mouth of Raritan at Perth
Amboy), Monmouth (Asbury Park lakes, Eatontown, Hockhocken, Pine
Brook and tributary of Shrewsbury River), Morris (Lake Hopatcong and
Sucassuna), Ocean (Crosswicks Creek near New Egypt), Passaic (Green-
wood Lake), Salem, Sussex (Delaware River), Warren (Belvidere). In
many localities formerly, now largely introduced.
ARGENTINID^E.
Osmerus mordax (Mitchill). Smelt.
Bergen, Essex, Hoboken, Mercer, Middlesex, Monmouth (introduced
in Lake Hopatcong) and Passaic (introduced in Greenwood Lake) Coun-
ties.
PARALEPIDIDvE.
Paralepis barracudina Fowler and Phillips.
Described from Corson's Inlet in 1910.
SYNODONTID^.
Synodus foetens (Linnaeus). Lizard-fish.
Atlantic, Cape May and Ocean Counties.
TACHYSURID^E.
Bagre marinus (Mitchill). Gaff-topsail Cat. «
Cape May, Monmouth, Ocean and Salem Counties.
ICTALURID.E.
Ameiurus catus Linnaeus). White Cat.
Atlantic (Nancock Creek), Burlington (Delanco, Dutch Neck fishery,
Riverton), Camden (Camden and Westville), Cape May (Cedar Swamp
Creek and Johnson's Run), Cumberland (Bay Side and Bridgeton),
Gloucester (Pitman), Hunterdon (Lambertville), Mercer (Millstone
River near Princeton), Passaic (Greenwood Lake), Salem (Pedricktown)
Counties.
Ameiurus natalis (Le Sueur). Yellow Cat.
Atlantic, Burlington, Camden, Cape May and Salem Counties.
Ameirus nebulosus (Le Sueur). Common Cat.
Atlantic, Bergen (Saddle River at Ridgewood), Burlington (Beverly,
Brown's Mills, Delanco, East Branch of Haines Creek and its tributaries,
Black and Kettle Runs, Florence, Newton Bridge, Oliphant's Mill),
Camden (Blackwood Lake), Cape May (Cedar Swamp and Dias Creeks),
Essex, Gloucester (Pitman and Black Pond at Swedesboro), Hunterdon
(Croton), Mercer (Assanpink Creek and Carnegie Lake at Princeton),
Middlesex (Raritan River), Monmouth (Manasquan River), Morris
(Upper Longwood Pond of Lake Hopatcong), Passaic (Greenwood Lake),
Salem (Elmer and Palastine Lakes), Sussex (Culver's Pond), Warren
Counties.
150 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Schilbeodes gyrinus (Mitchill). Tadpole Cat.
Atlantic (May's Landing), Bergen, Burlington (Burlington), Camden,
Cumberland, Essex, Gloucester, Mercer (Assanpink Creek near Trenton),
Morris, Passaic, Salem, Sussex Counties.
Schilbeodes insignis (Richardson). Margined Cat.
Hunterdon, Mercer and Sussex Counties.
CYPRINIM.1
Hybognathus nuchalis regius (Girard). Silvery Minnow.
Burlington (Burlington, mouth of Crosswicks Creek, Delanco, Riverton),
Camden (Cooper's Creek at Haddonfield, Camden, Palmyra), Mercer
(Crosswicks Creek, Duck Island, Delaware River at Trenton), Middlesex
and Salem Counties.
Pimephales notatus (Rafinesque). Blunt-nosed Minnow.
Mercer and Hunterdon Counties.
Semotilus bullaris (Rafinesque). Fall Fish.
Atlantic (May's Landing), Bergen (Hackensack River above Oradel),
Burlington (East Branch of Haines Creek, Mount Holly, Newton's MilL
Oliphant's Mill), Cape May (Cedar Swamp Creek and Wallace's Run, a
tributary of Tuckahoe River), Gloucester (Black Pond at Swedes-
boro, introduced, Mantua and Timber Creeks), Hudson, Hunterdon,
Mercer (Carnegie Lake at Princeton and McCall's Brook at Trenton),
Morris, Passaic, Somerton (Raritan River below Bound Brook), Warren
Counties.
Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill). Creek Chub.
Burlington, Hunterdon, Mercer (McCall's Brook), Morris (Lake Ho-
patcong), Passaic, Warren (Belvidere) Counties.
Abramis crysoleucas (Mitchill). Roach.
Atlantic (Bargaintown on Nancock Creek), Bergen (Saddle River at
Ridgewood and Vreeland's Pond), Burlington (Assiscunk Creek, Bur-
lington, Burlington Island, Delaware River at Delanco, East Branch of
Haines Creek, Florence, Newton's Bridge, Oliphant's Mill), Camden
(Camden, Newton and Pensauken Creeks), Cape May (Dias Creek,
Fishing Creek at Fulling Mill Bridge, Green and Sluice Creeks, Wallace's
Run tributary to Tuckahoe River), Cumberland, Essex, Gloucester
(Oldman's Creek, Pitman, Still Run at Porchtown), Hunterdon, Mercer
(Assanpink Creek, Duck Island in Delaware River, Shabbaconk Creek),
Morris (Succasunna), Ocean, Passaic, Salem (Elmer, Mud Creek and pond
below), Sussex and Warren Counties.
1 Abbott records Leuciscus margarita (Cope) from the mouth of the Assanpink
Creek at Trenton. As the material on which this rests has long since disappeared,
together with no subsequent New Jersey specimens having been taken and the great
possibility of wrong determination, the species had best be omitted. Likewise Abbott's
record for L. vandoisulus Valenciennes, and Eugene Smith's mention of Hybopsis
kenluckiensis (Rafinesque), recorded from "two different points on the Passaic River."
Smith's specimens do not appear to have been located.
Fowler — Fishes of New Jersey. 151
Notropis bifrenatus (Cope). Bridled Minnow.
Bergen, Burlington (Assiscunk Creek, Burlington and Dutch Neck),
Camden, Cumberland, Essex, Gloucester, Mercer and Morris Counties.
Notropis procne (Cope). Swallow Minnow.
Gloucester, Mercer and Middlesex Counties. Although recorded^ from
the Palisades and vicinity of New York City, it is quite likely that the
preceding species is confused by Eugene Smith.
Notropis hudsonius amarus (Girard). Spawn-eater.
Bergen, Burlington (Burlington, Florence and Rancocas Creek at
Delanco), Camden (Camden), Mercer and Salem Counties.
Notropis whipplii analostanus (Girard). Silver-fin.
Burlington (Assiscunk Creek, Dutch Neck fishery, Florence and River-
ton), Camden, Gloucester, Hunterdon and Mercer Counties.
Notropis cornutus (Mitchill). Red-fin.
Bergen (Saddle River at Ridgewood and Hackensack River at West-
wood), Burlington, Essex, Gloucester (Sewell and Wenonah), Hunterdon,
Mercer (Assanpink Creek), Morris (Lake Hopatcong), Passaic, Salem,
Sussex and Warren Counties.
Notropis chalybaeus (Cope). Iron-colored Minnow.
Atlantic (May's Landing), Burlington (East Branch of Haines Creek,
Delanco), Camden, Cape May, Cumberland, Gloucester, Mercer, Passaic,
Salem (pond near Muddy Creek) Counties.
The dark Coastal Plains form described as N. chalybczus abbotti Fowler
in 1904, from the Batsto.
Notropis photogenis amoenus (Abbott). Attractive Minnow.
Burlington (Delaware River at Burlington), Camden (Camden), Mer-
cer and Passaic Counties. Originally described from the typical Pied-
mont at Trenton.1
Rhinichthys cataractae (Valenciennes). Long-nosed Dace.
Hunterdon, Mercer, Morris and Warren Counties.
Rhinichthys atronasus (Mitchill). Black-nosed Dace.
Bergen (Fort Lee and Ridgewood in Saddle River), Essex, Hunterdon,
Mercer, Morris (Lake Hopatcong), Passaic and Warren Counties.
Exoglossum maxillingua (Le Sueur). Cut -lips.
Hunterdon and Passaic Counties.
CATOSTOMID.E.2
Catostomus commersonnii (Lacepede). Common Sucker.
Atlantic (Nancock Creek at Bargaintown), Bergen (Ridgewood and
1 Alburnellus amoenus Abbott, Am. Nat., 8, 1874, p. 334.
2 Carpiodes cyprinus (Le Sueur) though early credited to Philadelphia by Valen-
ciennes (Hist. Nat. Poiss., 17, 1844, p. 353) and later mentioned by Cope and Abbott,
is not certainly known from New Jersey.
152 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Passaic River), Burlington (Assiscunk Creek, Burlington, Delanco,
Florence, Newton's Mill, Oliphant's Mill), Camden (Pensauken), Cape
May (Cedar Swamp and Dennis Creeks), Cumberland (Bridgeton), Essex,
Gloucester (Turnersville), Hunterdon, Mercer (Carnegie Lake at Prince-
ton and Delaware River at Trenton), Morris (Upper Longwood Pond),
Monmouth (lakes at Asbury Park and Manasquan River), Ocean, Passaic,
Somerset (Plainfield), Sussex and Warren Counties.
Catostomus nigricans Le Sueur. Black Sucker.
Bergen, Mercer (Carnegie Lake), and Morris Counties. The material
in the Academy was simply labeled New Jersey and likely came from
Morris County. Also in the same region I saw a single example in a
tributary of the Raritan east of Chester. Its rarity suggests the possi-
bility of introduction.
Erimyzon sucetta oblongus (Mitchill). Chub Sucker.
Atlantic (Bargaintown on Nancock Creek and Pancoast Mills), Bergen
(Ridgewood on Saddle River and Hackensack River at Westwood), Bur-
iington (Atco on Mullica River, Black Run tributary to Haines Creek
and East Branch of latter, Burlington, Rancocas Creek at Delanco,
Newton's Bridge, Oliphant's Mill), Camden, Cape May (Dennis, Dias,
Fishing and Goshen Creeks, Johnson's Run tributary to Tuckahoe River),
Cumberland (Bridgeton), Essex, Gloucester (Still Run at Porch town),
Mercer (Assanpink and Carnegie Lake at Princeton), Morris (Budd Lake),
Salem, Sussex and Warren Counties.
Moxostoma macrolpeidotum (Le Sueur). Red-horse.
Though originally described from the Delaware by Le Sueur, where
apparently now rare, as I have not seen any examples. Eugene Smith re-
cords it doubtfully from the upper Passaic basin.
ANGUILLID^.
Anguilla rostrata (Le Sueur). Eel.
Atlantic (Bargaintown on Nancock Creek, Pancoast Mills), Bergen
(Hackensack River), Burlington (Black Run and East Branch of Haines
Creek, Brown's Mills, Delanco, Florence, Atco on the Mullica River,
Newton's Bridge and Oliphant's Mill), Camden (Camden and Pen-
sauken), Cape May (Grassy Sound, Johnson's Run, Ludlam Bay, Wal-
lace's Run, Whale Creek), Cumberland (Bay Side), Gloucester (Oldman's
Creek), Hunterdon, Mercer (Assanpink Creek), Middlesex (The Kills),
Monmouth (Fairhaven, Oceanic, Red Bank, Shrewsbury River), Ocean
(Barnegat Inlet, Toms River), Passaic (Greenwood Lake, Passaic River
formerly, Vreeland's Park), Salem (Elmer), Sussex and Union Counties.
CONGRID^E.
Conger conger (Linnaeus). Conger Eel.
Atlantic, Cape May (Cape May), Monmouth (Asbury Park, Cholera
Bank) Counties.
Fowler — Fishes of New Jersey.
Leptocephalus phillipsi (Fowler).
Described from Corson's Inlet in 19091 and found again in 1912.
Leptocephalus novae-caesariensis (Fowler).
Described from Beesley's Point in 1912. 2
ESOCID^.
Esox americanus (Gmelin). Banded Pickerel.
Atlantic, Bergen, Burlington, Camden (Blackwood), Cape May, Cum-
berland (Bridgeton), Gloucester (Washington Park), Hunterdon, Mercer,
Middlesex (Outcall's Pond near Spotswood), Morris, Ocean, Salem and
Sussex Counties.
Esox tridecemlineatus Mitchill. Chain Pickerel.
Atlantic, Bergen (Saddle River at Ridgewood and Ramapo River),
Burlington (Brown's Mills), Camden, Cape May, Cumberland (Millville
Lake), Essex (Caldwell and Brookdale), Gloucester, Hunterdon (Croton
Pond), Mercer, Monmouth (Deal Lake at Asbury Park), Morris (Budd
Lake and Splitrock Pond), Ocean (Forked River, Metedecong River,
Toms River), Passaic (Greenwood Lake), Salem, Sussex (Dicker and
Double Ponds, Echo, Panther, Pickatummy and Swartzwood Lakes,
Morris Pond), Warren (Allamuchy Pond) Counties.
UMBRID.E.
Umbra pygmaea (De Kay). Mud Minnow.
Atlantic, Bergen, Burlington (Burlington, Dutch Neck fishery), Camden,
Cape May (Green Creek), Cumberland, Essex, Gloucester (Pitman),
Mercer, Morris and Salem Counties.
P<ECILIID,E.
Fundulus majalis (Walbaum). May Fish.
Atlantic, Cape May (Townsend's Inlet), Cumberland (Bay Side),
Hudson, Monmouth and Ocean Counties.
Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepidotus (Walbaum) . Mummichog.
Atlantic (Atlantic City, Nancock Creek), Burlington (Assiscunk Creek,
Bread and Milk Island, Burlington, Centerton, Delanco, Florence, River-
side, Riverton), Camden (Camden), Cape May (Anglesea, Dias Creek,
Fishing Creek, Pond Creek, Stone Harbor, Townsend's Inlet), Cumber-
land (Bay Side), Gloucester (Mantua Creek), Hudson, Mercer (Borden-
town, Crosswicks, Duck Island), Monmouth, Ocean and Salem Counties.
Fundulus diaphanus (Le Sueur). Barred Killifish.
Atlantic, Bergen (Englewood), Burlington (Burlington, Centerton,
Delanco, Florence, Florence Bar, Riverside, Riverton), Cape May (Dennis,
Dias, Fishing and Green Creeks, Teal's Branch of Pond Creek), Cumber -
i Alopichlhys phillipsi Fowler, in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1909, p. 406, fig.
2 Alopichlhys novae-caesariensis Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1912, p. 33,
fig.
154 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
land, Gloucester, Hudson, Hunterdon, Mercer (Assanpink and Crosswicks
Creeks), Salem and Warren Counties.
Fundulus luciae (Baird). Brown Killifish.
Cape May, Cumberland and Ocean Counties.
Lucania parva (Baird). Rain-water Fish.
Atlantic, Cape May, Cumberland, Monmouth and Ocean (Cedar
Creek) Counties.
Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepede. Pursy Minnow.
Atlantic, Cape May (Anglesea, Peck's Bay, Townsend's Inlet), Cum-
berland, Hudson, Monmouth and Ocean Counties.
Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard). Top Minnow.
Camden (introduced in 1904), Burlington (introduced in 1904, un-
successful) and Cape May Counties. First discovered in streams of the
last during 1907. When the same streams were examined in 1918 the
species had disappeared.
SYNGNATHIDiE.
Syngnathus fuscus Storer. Pipe Fish.
Atlantic, Cape May, Hudson, Monmouth and Ocean Counties.
Hippocampus hudsonius De Kay. Sea Horse.
Atlantic, Cape May (Sea Isle City), Cumberland (Fortescue) and Mon-
mouth Counties.
EXOCCETIM.
Exocoetus volitans Linnaeus. Flying Fish.
Two obtained August 27, 1910, at Cape May beach.1
Cypselurus exiliens (P. L. S. Midler).
Valenciennes records it from New Jersey, though without further
locality.2
Cypselurus heterurus (Rafinesque).
Included as Dr. H. M. Smith mentions it from the north shores in 1894.
Abbott reported a specimen from Beesley's Point as Exocetus voveboracensis
in 1868. I have been unable to locate it in the Academy.
Cypselurus nigricans (Bennett). Black Flying Fish.
A fine one secured at Sea Isle City in 1915. 3
HEMIRAMPHID^.
Hyporhamphus unifasciatus (Ranzani). Half Beak.
Atlantic, Cape May and Monmouth Counties.
i Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. ScL Phila., 1910 (1911), p. 601.
2 Exocoetus exiliens, in Hist. Nat. Poiss., 19, 1846, p. 85.
8 Fowler, Copeia, No. 27, February 24, 1916, p. 10.
The record of Cypselurus fur cat us by Abbott in 1868, from "off shore," may be
dropped, as no reference to the material is given. Likewise his reference to the Saury,
as Hcombresox sculellalus, as no New Jersey specimens have been found in recent years.
Fowler — Fishes of New Jersey. 155
Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Linnaeus) . Balao.
Three secured at Sea Isle City in 1906. x
Euleptorhamphus brevoortii Gill. Ribbon Half Beak.
Once obtained at Atlantic City.
BELONIM.
Strongylura marina (Walbaum) . Green Gar.
Atlantic (Nancock Creek), Burlington (Burlington, Florence), Cape
May (Cedar Swamp Creek and Holly Beach), Cumberland (Fortescue),
Gloucester (Oldman's Creek), Hudson (Black Tom Island), Mercer
(Duck Island), Middlesex, Monmouth, Ocean, Salem (Oakwood Beach)
Counties.
Strongylura acus (Lacepede). Houndfish.
Atlantic and Cape May Counties. It is quite likely the record for
Tylosurus gladius from Ocean City2 is the young of the present species,
rather than of 5. raphidoma (Ranzani), with which it has been identified
by most writers.
SPHYR^NID^.
Sphyraena barracuda (Walbaum) . Great Barracuda.
Young recorded as S. picuda, from Beesley's Point.3
Sphyraena borealis De Kay. Northern Barracuda.
Cape May and Monmouth Counties.
ATHERINIM.
Membras vagrans (Goode and Bean). Rough Silversides.
Atlantic and Cape May Counties.
Menidia beryllina (Cope). Fresh-water Silversides.
Cape May, Cumberland and Monmouth Counties.
Menidia menidia notata (Mitchill) . Silversides.
Atlantic, Cape May (Coxe's Hall Creek, Townsend's Inlet), Cumber-
land (Bay Side, Bridgeton), Monmouth (Asbury Park, Manasquan Inlet),
Ocean and Salem Counties.
MUGILIM.
Mugil cephalus Linnseus. Striped Mullet.
Atlantic and Cape May Counties.
Mugil curema Valenciennes. White Mullet.
Atlantic, Cape May (Anglesea and Cedar Swamp Creek), Monmouth
and Ocean (Spray Beach) Counties.
i Fowler, Science, 24, November 9, 1906, p. 596.
» T. H. Bean, Bull. U. S. F. Com., VII, 1887 (1888), p. 146, pi. 2, fig. 15.
» T. H. Bean, Bull. U. S. F. Com., VII, 1887 (1888), p. 145, pi. 2, fig. 14.
156 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
GASTEROSTEIM.
Pungitius pungitius (Linnaeus). Nine-spined Stickleback.
Hudson and Cape May Counties.
Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus. Two-spined Stickleback.
Bergen, Cape May, Cumberland, Hudson, Middlesex and Ocean Coun-
ties.
Apeltes quadracus (Mitchill). Three-spined Stickleback.
Atlantic (Atlantic City), Bergen, Burlington (Burlington, Florence),
Camden (Camden), Cape May (Great Egg Harbor Bay), Cumberland,
Mercer (Assanpink Creek), and Ocean (Beach Haven) Counties.
APHREDODERIM.
Aphredoderus sayanus (Gilliams). Pirate Perch.
Atlantic, Burlington (Mount Holly in Rancocas Creek), Camden
(Pensauken Creek), Cape May, Gloucester, Mercer and Salem Counties.
SCOMBRIM.
Scomber scombrus Linnaeus. Mackerel.
Atlantic, Cape May (Anglesea and Green Creek), Monmouth (Asbury
Park and Manasquan) and Ocean Counties.
Scomber colias Gmelin. Chub Mackerel.
Cape May and Monmouth Counties.
Euthynnus pelamis (Linnaeus). Oceanic Bonito.
Once recorded from off Manasquan, Monmouth County.1
Euthynnus alleteratus (Rafinesque). Little Tunny.
Monmouth and Ocean Counties.2
Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus). Tunny.
Cape May (Cape May and Ocean City), Monmouth (Asbury Park and
Seabright) and Ocean Counties.
Sarda sarda (Bloch). Bonito.
Atlantic, Cape May, Monmouth (Asbury Park, Cholera Bank, Sea-
bright), Ocean (Barnegat and Barnegat Inlet) Counties.
Scomberomorus maculatus (Mitchill). Spanish Mackerel.
Atlantic, Cape May (Cape May and Sea Isle City), Monmouth (Bradley
Beach, Ocean Grove), and Ocean Counties.
Scomberomorus regalis (Bloch). Sier.
Cape May and Monmouth Counties.
TRICHIURIM.
Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus. Cutlass Fish.
Atlantic, Cape May (Corson's Inlet), Monmouth and Ocean Counties.
» Bull. Zool. Soc. N. Y., No. 48, November, 1911, p. 811.
5 Forest and Stream, December 22, 1892.
Fowler — Fishes of New Jersey. 157
ISTIOPHORIM.
Istiophorus nigricans (Lacepede). Sail Fish.
Cape May and Monmouth Counties.
XIPHIIM.
Xiphias gladius Linnaeus. Sword Fish.
Atlantic, Cape May, Monmouth and Ocean Counties.
CARANGIM.1
Seriola zonata (Mitchill). Amber Fish.
Atlantic, Cape May (Great Fgg Harbor Bay) and Monmouth Counties.
Seriola lalandi Valenciennes. Jenny Lind.
Cape May and Monmouth Counties.
Decapterus punctatus (Agassiz). Scad.
I have examined some of Moore's Avalon material. Abbott records it
from Cape May.
Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch). Goggle-eye.
Recorded from Beesley's Point by Gill.2
Caranx hippos (Linnaeus) . Crevalle.
Atlantic and Cape May (Cape May) Counties.
Caranx crysos (Mitchill). Yellow Crevalle.
Atlantic, Cape May and Monmouth (Belford, Long Branch, Shrews-
bury Inlet3) Counties.
Caranx latus Agassiz. Jurel.
Recorded from Ocean County, from young example obtained in 1876.
Blepharis crinitus (Mitchill). Thread Mackerel.
Cape May County.
Vomer setapinnis (Mitchill). Plough Fish.
Cape May County.
Selene vomer (Linnaeus). Moon Fish.
Cape May, Middlesex (Perth Amboy) and Monmouth Counties.
Trachinotus falcatus (Linnaeus). Round Pampano.
Atlantic, Cape May (Ocean City) and Monmouth Counties.
Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus). Pampano.
Atlantic, Cape May and Monmouth Counties.
1 Naucrates ductor, once recorded from Beesley's Point by Abbott, has not since
been noticed in New Jersey, though as it may have been confused with Seriola is omitted.
2 As Trachurops crumenophthalmus in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 433.
3 As Caranx by Brevoort, Forest and Stream, IX, November 29, 1977, p. 326.
158 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
POMATOMIM.1
Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus). Blue Fish.
Atlantic (Absecon, Brigantine, Somers Point), Bergen (Hudson River),
Burlington, Cape May (Anglesea, Delaware Bay, Dias Creek, Grassy
Sound, Great Egg Harbor Bay), Cumberland (Bay Side), Hoboken,
Mercer, Monmouth, Ocean (Barnegat, Barnegat Inlet, Beach Haven,
Seaside Park, Spray Beach), Salem (Oldman's Creek) Counties.
RACHYCENTRIM.
Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus). Sergeant Fish.
Atlantic, Cape May (Delaware Bay) and Monmouth Counties.
STROMATEID^E.
Poronotus triacanthus (Peck). Butter Fish.
Atlantic, Cape May and Monmouth (Long Branch) Counties.
Palinurichthys perciformis (Mitchill). Black Rudder Fish.
Atlantic, Cape May, Monmouth (Shrewsbury River) and Ocean Coun-
ties.
CORYPH^NID^.
Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus. Dolphin.
Atlantic (an old example received from Atlantic City in 1875), Cape
May, Monmouth, Ocean (Beach Haven and Seaside Park) Counties.
MICROPTERID^E.
Acantharchus pomotis (Baird). Mud Sunfish.
Atlantic, Bergen (Oakland), Burlington, Camden, Cape May, Essex,
Gloucester, Mercer, Morris and Salem Counties. This species was first
discovered by T. A. Conrad, some years before Baird described it, and
several fine examples were later (1860) sent to the Academy, where they
are now in good condition. Slack also sent material the following year
from Oakwood.
Enneacanthus obesus (Girard). Sphagnum Sunfish.
Atlantic, Bergen, Camden, Cape May and Gloucester Counties.
Enneacanthus gloriosus (Holbrook). Blue-spotted Sunfish.
Atlantic, Burlington, Camden, Cape May, Gloucester, Mercer, Morris,
Salem and Sussex Counties.
Mesogonistius chaetodon (Baird). Banded Sunfish.
Atlantic, Burlington, Camden, Cape May, Mercer and Salem Counties.
i Chloroscombrus chrysurus and Peprilus longitnanus ( = Seserinus paru) are re-
corded from "our waters" and the "coast" in 1868, by Abbott. As these records are
very indefinite they may be dropped. Likewise the record of Lampugus punctulatus
{ = Coryphaena equiselis Linnsus), in Forest and Stream, V, September 16, 1878, p.
83, from off Sandy Hook
Fowler — Fishes of New Jersey. 159
Lepomis auritus (Linnaeus). Red-bellied Sunfish.
Bergen, Burlington, Cape May, Essex, Gloucester, Mercer, Morris,
Passaic, Sussex and Warren Counties.
Pomotis gibbosus (Linnams). Common Sunfish.
Bergen, Burlington, Camden (Newton Creek, Pensauken), Cape May,
Cumberland, Essex, Gloucester (Sewell), Hunterdon (Croton Lake),
Mercer, Monmouth (Deal Lake), Morris (Succasunna and upper Long-
wood Reservoir), Passaic, Somerset, Salem, Sussex and Warren Counties.
PERCIM.1
Perca flavescens (Mitchill). Yellow Perch.
Bergen (Passaic River, Vreeland's Pond), Burlington (Rancocas Creek
at Delanco), Camden (Blackwood Pond, Newton Creek, Pensauken),
Cape May, Cumberland (Bridgeton), Essex (Newark), Gloucester (Timber
Creek), Hunterdon (Croton Lake), Mercer, Monmouth (Asbury Park),
Morris (Budd Lake, Succasunna, upper Longwood Reservoir), Ocean
(Metedecong River), Passaic (Greenwood Lake), Salem, Somerset (Bound
Brook), Sussex (Culver's Lake) Counties.
Boleosoma olmstedi (Storer). Tessellated Darter.
Atlantic, Burlington (Pemberton), Cape May, Essex, Gloucester
(Woodbury), Hunterdon, Mercer and Salem Counties.
Boleichthys fusiformis (Girard). Lowland Darter.
Atlantic (Batsto River), Burlington, Cape May (Cape May), Mercer
and Somerset Counties.
SERRANIDiE.2
Roccus lineatus (Bloch). Striped Bass.
Atlantic (Nancock Creek), Bergen (Hackensack River), Burlington
(Dutch Neck fishery), Camden, Cape May (Anglesea, Cold Spring Inlet,
Dias Creek, Fishing Creek, Middle Thoroughfare, Petersburg Bridge),
Cumberland (Bay Side, Bridgeton, Fortescue, Port Elizabeth, Sea Breeze),
Essex (Bayonne, Newark Bay, Passaic River formerly), Gloucester,
Hoboken, Hunterdon, Mercer, Middlesex (Cheesequake Creek, Perth
Amboy, Sewaren, South Amboy), Monmouth (Allenhurst, Atlantic
Highlands, Avon, Belford, Belmar, Deal Beach, Elberton, Fairhaven,
Highland Beach, Manasquan, Matawan Creek, Monmouth Beach, Ocean
Grove, Oceanic, Port Monmouth, Red Bank, Sandy Hook, Seabright,
Shrewsbury River, Stump Creek), Ocean (Barnegat Inlet, Beach Haven,
Forked River, Harvey Cedars, Metedecong River, Mullica River, Point
Pleasant, Seaside Park, Toms River, Tuckerton, Waretown), Salem
(Oakwood Beach, Pedricktown, Pennsville), Union (Elizabeth and Kill
Von Kull) Counties.
1 Percina caprodes is recorded from the Delaware at Trenton, by Abbott in 1868,
and may have been introduced. Likewise the record for Paecilichthys flabellaris by
Eugene Smith, from the Hackensack River in 1897.
2 Duleichthys auriga reported from Cape May by Abbott, is likely a confused identi-
fication. Possibly De Kay's New York harbor record is really intended.
160 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Morone americana (Gmelin). White Perch.
Atlantic (Little Egg Harbor River and Nancock Creek), Bergen (Hack-
ensack and Hudson Rivers), Burlington (Beverly, Delanco, Dutch Neck
fishery, Pensauken Creek, Riverton), Camden (Camden, Gloucester),
Cape May (Cedar Hammocks, Cold Spring Inlet, Dennis Creek, Dias
Creek, Stone Harbor), Cumberland (Bay Side, Fortescue, Sea Breeze),
Essex (Newark Bay, Passaic River), Gloucester, Hunterdon, Mercer
(Bordentown, Carnegie Lake at Princeton, Duck Island, Washington
Crossing), Middlesex (Perth Amboy), Monmouth (Asbury Park, Belmar,
Deal Lake, Lake Como, Manasquan), Ocean (Barnegat Bay and Toms
River), Salem (Pedricktown, Pennsville, Salem Creek) Counties.
Polyprion americanus (Schneider). Wreck Fish.
Recorded from off Asbury Park, from small example, by Osburn.1
Epinephelus niveatus (Valenciennes). Snowy Grouper.
Two small ones obtained at Sea Isle City and Corson's Inlet, both in
1915.
Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes). Red Grouper.
Reported from Beesley's Point by Abbott.2
Garrupa nigrita (Holbrook). Black Grouper.
Young example reported by Dr. R. J. Phillips at Corson's Inlet, Sep-
tember 2, 1909.
Centropristis striatus (Linnaeus). Black Sea Bass.
Atlantic (Longport), Cape May (Cross Leger, Peck's Bay), Cum-
berland (Bay Side), Monmouth (Manasquan), Ocean (Beach Haven)
Counties.
LOBOTID^.
Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch). Triple-tail.
Cape May, Hudson and Monmouth Counties.
PRIACANTHID^E.
Pseudopriacanthus altus (Gill). Rough Catalufa.
Recorded from Atlantic City by Cope in 1870.
LUTJANIDvE.
Lutjanus griseus (Linnaeus). Gray Snapper.
Described by Baird from Beesley's Point as Lobotes emarginatus.3 No
recent example secured.
Lutjanus aya (Bloch). Red Snapper.
Dr. H. M. Smith records several small ones at Spring Lake, in Mon-
mouth County, in 1892.
i Bull. Z. Soc. N. Y., No. 42, November, 1910, p. 705.
s Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 806.
» Ninth An. Rep. Smiths. Inst., 1854 (1855), p. (18) 332.
Fowler — Fishes of New Jersey. 161
Ocyurus chrysurus (Bloch). Yellow-tail.
One obtained at Anglesea in 1890. *
MMULIM.2
Orthopristis chrysopterus (Linnaeus). Pig Fish.
Atlantic, Cape May (Delaware Bay) and Monmouth (Sandy Hook)
Counties.
SPARIM.
Stenotomus chrysops (Linnaeus). Porgy.
Atlantic, Cape May (Peck's Bay and Townsend's Inlet), Cumberland
(Bay Side), Monmouth (Long Branch) and Ocean (Tuckerton) Counties.
Lagodon rhomboides (Linnaeus). Sailor's Choice.
Atlantic, Cape May and Monmouth Counties.
Archosargus probatocephalus (Walbaum). Sheepshead.
Atlantic, Cape May, Cumberland (Bay Side), Monmouth and Ocean
(Barnegat Inlet) Counties.
GERRID^.
Eucinostomus gula (Cuvier). Mojarrita.
Atlantic, Cape May and Middlesex Counties.
SCL£NIM.
Cynoscion regalis (Schneider). Weak Fish.
Atlantic (Brigantine, Great Bay), Cape May (Cold Spring Inlet, Town-
send's Inlet), Cumberland, Monmouth (Long Branch, Manasquan),
Ocean (Barnegat Inlet), Salem (Oldman's Creek) Counties.
Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier). Spotted Weak Fish.
Atlantic, Cape May (Delaware Bay, Middle Thoroughfare, Ocean
City) and Ocean Counties.
Bairdiella chrysura (Lacepede). Silver Perch.
Atlantic, Cape May (Tuckahoe River), Cumberland, Monmouth and
Salem Counties.
Sciaenops ocellatus (Linnaeus). Red Drum.
Atlantic, Cape May (Cold Spring Inlet, Town Bank), Cumberland
(Bay Side), Monmouth, Ocean and Salem (mouth of Salem Creek) Coun-
ties.
Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepede. Goody.
Atlantic, Camden (Washington Park, on the Delaware), Cape May
(Beesley's Point, Seven-mile Beach, Stone Harbor, Townsend's Inlet),
Cumberland (Bay Side), Monmouth (Long Branch) and Ocean Counties.
i Fowler, Copeia, April 16, 1915, No. 17.
2 Abbott reports Haemulon formosum = H. plumieri (Lacepede), from Delaware
Bay, a single specimen said to have been taken in July, 1867. He also lists A nisotremus
virginicus from Barnegat, and then taken to the Trenton fish-market where he saw it.
Both these species may be questioned from New Jersey.
162 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Micropogon undulatus (Linnaeus). Croaker.
Atlantic, Cape May, Cumberland (Bay Side, Cohansey Creek), Mon-
mouth (Long Branch, Manasquan) and Ocean Counties.
Menticirrhus americanus (Linnams). Carolina Whiting.
Atlantic and Cape May (Ocean City) Counties.
Menticirrhus saxatilis (Schneider). King Fish.
Atlantic, Cape May (Grassy Sound, Peck's Bay, Tuckahoe River),
Cumberland (Bay Side, Fortescue), Monmouth (Manasquan) and Ocean
(Barnegat Pier) Counties.
Pogonias cromis (Linneeus). Black Drum.
Atlantic, Cape May (Corson's Inlet, Dias Creek, Town Bank), Cum-
berland (Bay Side), Monmouth (Sandy Hook), Ocean (Beach Haven)
and Salem Counties.
MULLID^.
Mullus auratus (Jordan and Gilbert). Surmullet.
Recorded by Dr. T. H. Bean1 from Sandy Hook and Dr. H. F. Moore2
from Ludlam Bay.
Upeneus maculatus (Bloch). Goat Fish.
Recorded by the writer from Stone Harbor.3
Upeneus phillipsi Fowler. New Jersey Goat Fish.
Described, with the last, from Corson's Inlet. I have since seen another
example from Ludlam Bay.
LABRID.E.
Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum). Bergall.
Atlantic, Cape May (Cape May, Peck's Bay), Monmouth and Ocean
Counties.
Tautoga onitis (Linnaeus). Tautog.
Atlantic, Cape May (Anglesea, Cold Spring Inlet, Green Creek), Cum-
berland, Monmouth and Ocean Counties.
CALLYODONTID^.
Cryptotomus beryllinus Jordan and Swain. Olive Parrot Fish.
Young example recorded by Jordan from Somer's Point.4
ILARCHID^.
Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet). Spade Fish.
Atlantic, Cape May (Holly Beach) and Monmouth Counties.
i Bull. Amer. Mus. N. Hist. N. Y., IX, 1897, p. 359.
2 Bull. U. S. F. Com., XII, 1892 (1894), p. 362.
» Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., No. 56, May 6, 1918, p. 8.
* Rep. U. S. F. Comm., XV, 1887 (1891), p. 666.
Fowler — Fishes of New Jersey. 163
CMTODONTIM.
Chaetodon ocellatus Bloch. Ocellated Butterfly-fish.
Recorded by the late Dr. T. H. Bean from Beesley's Point.
Chaetodon striatus Linnaeus. Streaked Butterfly-fish.
The admission of this species to our fauna is based on a specimen re-
ceived at the Academy in 1830, from Delaware Bay, and obtained by
Richard Harlan. This specimen is still in good condition.1
Pomacanthus arcuatus (Linnaeus). Black Angel Fish.
Reported by Baird from Barnegat. Several examples have since been
taken at Sea Isle City.
ACANTHURID^E.
Hepatus hepatus (Linnaeus). Surgeon Fish.
Abbott reports in 1868 "a single specimen has been seen, taken at
Tuckerton in 1860."
BALISTIDiE.
Balistes carolinensis Gmelin. Trigger-fish.
Atlantic, Cape May, Cumberland (Bay Side), Monmouth and Ocean
Counties.
Balistes vetula Linnaeus. Blue-striped Trigger-fish.
Van Mater records it from Atlantic Highlands.2
MONACANTHID^.
Stephanolepis hispidus (Linnaeus). File-fish.
Atlantic, Cape May and Monmouth Counties.
Alutera schoepfii (Walbaum). Orange File-fish.
Atlantic, Cape May and Ocean Counties.
Alutera punctata Agassiz. Spotted File-fish.
Recorded from Corson's Inlet.3
OSTRACIID^.
Lactophrys triqueter (Linnaeus). Three-angled Trunk-fish.
Recorded from Grassy Sound on young example sent to the writer.4
Lactophrys trigonus (Linnaeus). Trunk-fish.
Recorded from Atlantic City as Tetrasomns camelinus by Abbott.5 No
examples obtained by me through one reported from Cape May.
1 Quite likely the reference to Holacanthus ciliaris Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 811,
also credited to Delaware Bay, may have been confused with the Streaked Butterfly-
fish.
2 Bull. U. S. F. Com., IV, 1884, p. 13.
a Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1917, p. 113.
* Science, XXIX, January 8, 1909, p. 79.
s Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 827.
164: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
TETRODONTID^.
Lagocephalus laevigatus (Linnaeus). Rabbit-fish.
Atlantic, Cape May, Cumberland, Monmouth and Ocean (Barnegat
Bay) Counties.
Spheroides maculatus (Schneider). Puffer.
Atlantic, Cumberland (Bay Side), Cape May (Avalon, Dias Creek),
Monmouth and Ocean (Beach Haven) Counties.
Spheroides testudineus (Linnaeus). Southern Puffer.
Reported from Beesley's Point by the writer.1
DIODONTID.E.
Diodon hystrix Linnaeus. Porcupine Fish.
Young recorded from Atlantic City by the writer.2 The reference to
D. pilosus by Abbott3 from the Hudson, is evidently from De Kay.
Chilomycterus atinga (Linnaeus). Atinga.
Fine adult example recorded from Ocean City by the writer.4
Chilomycterus schoepfi (Walbaum). Burr Fish.
Atlantic, Cape May and Monmouth (Long Branch) Counties.
MOLIM.
Mola mola (Linnaeus). Head Fish.
Atlantic, Cape May, Monmouth and Ocean Counties.
SCORP^NIDJB.
Sebastes marinus (Linnaeus). Rose Fish.
Recorded by Abbott on specimen taken in August 1865, off Sandy Hook.
TRIGLIM.
Prionotus carolinus (Linnaeus). Short-finned Gurnard.
Atlantic, Cape May (Anglesea) and Monmouth Counties.
Prionotus evolans strigatus (Cuvier). Long-finned Gurnard.
Atlantic, Cape May and Monmouth Counties.
COTTIM.
Cottus gracilis Heckel. Fresh-water Sculpin.
Warren County. Eugene Smith reported it from the Hackensack and
Saddle Rivers, but without definite localities.5 The example I reported
from "Beesley's Point" may have been obtained in northern New Jer-
sey.6
" Rep. N. J. State Mus., 1907 (1908), p. 182.
2 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1917, p. 114.
» Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 827.
* Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1919 (1920), p. 297.
* Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., No. 9, 1897, p. 40.
* Rep. N. J. State Mus., 1905 (1906), p. 372.
Fowler — Fishes of New Jersey. 165
Myoxocephalus aeneus (Mitchill). Little Sculpin.
Atlantic, Cape May and Monmouth Counties.
Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus (Mitchill). Long-spined Sculpin.
Atlantic, Cape May and Monmouth Counties.
Hemitripterus americanus (Gmelin). Sea Raven.
Cape May and Monmouth Counties.
CYCLOPTERIM.1
Cyclopterus lumpus Linnaeus. Lump fish.
Atlantic, Cape May (Sea Isle City) and Monmouth Counties.
DACTYLOPTERIM.
Cephalacanthus volitans (Linnaeus). Flying Gurnard.
A few records in Cape May County.
ECHENEIDIM.
Leptecheneis naucrates (Linnaeus). Slender Remora.
Cape May (Cape May, Corson's Inlet), Monmouth (Long Branch, one
received by the Academy in 1844), Ocean (Bay Head) Counties.
The examples mentioned from the Delaware River by Abbott2 were
taken from the bottom of a vessel that came up the river to Philadelphia,
about 1861, and are in no sense to be considered New Jersey specimens.
Echeneis remora Linnaeus. Remora.
Listed as simply from New Jersey by Abbott in 1868. No examples
obtained by me, though reported from a large shark taken in Peck's
Bay about ten years ago.
BOTHIM.
Lophopsetta maculata (Mitchill). Window Pane.
Atlantic, Cape May (Dias and Fishing Creeks, Peck's Bay) Counties.
Citharichthys micros Fowler. Least Whiff.
Described from Corson's Inlet.3
Citharichthys spilopterus Giinther. Speckled Whiff.
Reported by Jordan and Goss "north to New Jersey."4
Etropus microstomus (Gill). Little Flounder.
Atlantic and Cape May Counties. Described from Beesley's Point
as Citharichthys microstomus Gill.5
1 Abbott records Aspidophoroides monopterygius on a single example from off Sandy
Hook, taken in the summer of 1864. See Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 816.
2 Echeneis albacauda in Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 818.
« Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1911, p. 200, figs.
« Rep. U. S. F. Com., 1885 (1889), p. 276.
6 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 223.
166 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Paralichthys dentatus (Linnaeus). Summer Flounder.
Atlantic (Absecon), Cape May (Cold Spring Inlet, Fishing Creek,
Peck's Bay, Townsend's Inlet), Cumberland (Bay Side), Monmouth
(Manasquan) and Ocean Counties.
PLEURONECTIM.
Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Linnaeus). Halibut.
Monmouth County. First recorded by Mitchill from off Sandy Hook.1
Limanda f erruginea (Storer) . Fluke.
Once found at Sewell's Point, Cape May.2
Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum). Winter Flounder.
Atlantic, Cape May (Peck's Bay, Sea Isle City), Middlesex (Raritan
Bay), Monmouth and Ocean Counties.
SOLEIM.
Achirus fasciatus Lacepede. Sole.
Atlantic, Bergen, Burlington, Cape May (Dias Creek), Cumberland
(Bay Side), Mercer, Monmouth and Salem Counties.
GOBIIDiE.
Gobiosoma bosc (Lacepede). Naked Goby.
Atlantic and Cape May (Beesley's Point) Counties.
URANOSCOPIM.
Astroscopus guttatus Abbott. Star Gazer.
Atlantic, Cape May and Monmouth Counties.
BATRACHOIDID^E.
Opsanus tau (Linnaeus). Toad Fish.
Atlantic, Cape May (Grassy Sound), Cumberland (Bay Side), Mon-
mouth and Ocean (Barnegat Pier) Counties. Described as Batrachoides
variegatus by Le Sueur, from Egg Harbor, in 1823.
BLENNIID^.
Blennius foxi Fowler.
Described from Sea Isle City by the writer.3
Hypsoblennius hentz (Le Sueur). Shell Blenny.
The occurrence of this species is based on an example in the Academy,
labeled "Beesley's Point," received from Samuel Ashmead.4
Also another example in the collection, from Cape May, but without
i As Pleuronecles hippoglossus, in Trans. Lit. Philos. Soe. N. Y., I, 1815, p. 386.
2 Fowler, Science, XXIV, November 9, 1900, p. 590.
3 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1914, p. 344, fig. B. fucorum is mentioned by Abbott
in 1868, doubtless with De Kay in mind.
* Hypleurochilus geminatus (non Wood) Fowler, Rep. N. J. .State Mus., 1905 (1906)
p. 403.
Fowler — Fishes of New Jersey. 167
further data. It may be one of two examples mentioned in an old dona-
tion to the museum. ' Possibly the other example is Chasmodes bosquianus.
The above information therefore adds another interesting southern
species to the New Jersey fauna.
Chasmodes bosquianus (Lacepede). Large-mouthed Blenny.
Not previously reported from New Jersey, though several examples
without further locality have been examined and compared in this con-
nection. Some time ago I wrongly identified a fine fresh example,2
received in an empty oyster-shell from Virginia. Often small fish brought
to our markets in oyster -shells, or among oyster clusters, are found to be
this species, others young toad fishes.
LYCODIM.3
Enchelyopus anguillaris (Peck). Eel-pout.
Atlantic, Cape May and Monmouth Counties.
OPHIDIIM.
Rissola marginata (De Kay). Sand Cusk.
Atlantic, Cape May and Monmouth Counties.
AMMODYTIM.
Ammodytes americanus De Kay. Sand Lance.
Atlantic (Atlantic City), Cape May (Cold Spring Inlet) and Monmouth
(Asbury Park) Counties.
GADIM.
Pollachius virens (Linnaeus). Pollack.
Atlantic, Cape May and Monmouth Counties.
Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum).4 Tom-cod.
Gadus callarias Linnaeus. Cod-fish.
Atlantic, Cape May (Corson's Inlet, Five Fathom Bank, McCrie's
Shoal), Monmouth (Manasquan) and Ocean Counties.
Melanogrammus aeglefinus (Linnaeus). Haddock.
Cape May, Monmouth and Ocean Counties.
Phycis regius (Walbaum). Spotted Codling.
Atlantic, Cape May and Monmouth Counties.
1 Blennius punctatus (non Fabricius), in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., IV, 1849,
p. 163.
2 As Hypleurochilns geminatus, in Rep. N. J. State Mus., 1906 (1907), p. 343, pi.
115.
3 Doubtful records are Anarhichas lupus and Muraenoides mucronatus = Pholis
gunnellus, both given by Abbott in 1868.
4 Abbott records Brosmius brosme in 1868 on two examples from Cape May, likely
an erroneous identification. It is quite possible these specimens were really those
listed in the additions to the museum of the Academy as Morrhua pruinosa, in Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XII, 1860, p. V, obtained at Beesley's Point by Samuel Ash-
mead.
168 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Phycis tenuis (Mitchill). Slender Ling.
Atlantic, Cape May and Monmouth Counties.
Phycis chuss (Walbaum). Ling.
Atlantic, Cape May and Monmouth Counties.
MERLUCCIIM.
Merluccius bilinearis (Mitchill). Hake.
Atlantic, Cape May (Corson's Inlet, Holly Beach), Monmouth (Man-
asquan) and Ocean (Long Beach) Counties.
LOPHIIDiE.
Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus. Angler.
Atlantic, Cape May (Ocean City, Town Bank, Townsend's Inlet),
Cumberland (Bay Side) and Monmouth Counties.
ANTENNARIIM.
Histrio histrio (Linnaeus). Sargassum Fish.
Reported from Beesley's Point by Abbott, in 1868.
Antennarius scaber (Cuvier). Frog Fish.
Described as A. teleplanus Fowler, from Corson's Inlet. Compared
with examples from the West Indies and tropical America, the above
example only differs in a few minor details, which are not specific.
INTRODUCED SPECIES.
AMIATID^.
Amiatus calvus (Linnaeus). Bowfin.
Camden County.
SALMONIDiE.
Oncorhynchus tschawytscha (Walbaum). Quinnat Salmon.
Delaware and Raritan Rivers. Unsuccessful.
Salmo salar Linnaeus. Salmon.
Burlington (Bordentown), Cape May, Cumberland and Warren Coun-
ties. Delaware, Raritan and Passaic Rivers. Unsuccessful.1
Salmo salar sebago (Girard). Landlocked Salmon.
Northern Lakes of New Jersey.
Salmo fario Linnaeus. Brown Trout.
Salem County.
Salmo irideus Gibbons.
Passaic County.2
Cristivomer namaycush (Walbaum). Great Lake Trout.
Warren County.3
i Slack, Fourth An. Rep. C. Fisher. N. J., 1873, p. 23.
2 Schiper, Forest and Stream, XXII, 1884, p. 368
> Slack, Fourth An. Rep. C. Fisher. N. J., 1873, p. 26.
Fowler — Fishes of New Jersey. 169
Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus). Charr.
Stirling Lake.1
ICTALURIM.
Ictalurus furcatus (Valenciennes). Chuckle-head Cat.
Morris and Passaic Counties.
Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque). Spotted Cat.
Mercer County.
CYPRINIM.
Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus. Carp.
Burlington, Cape May, Mercer and Passaic Counties.
Carassius auratus (Linnaeus). Goldfish.
Bergen, Camden and Mercer Counties. Introduced and escaped from
ponds.
ESOCIM.
Esox masquinongy Mitchill. Muskallunge.
Passaic County.
MICROPTERIM.
Pomoxis annularis Rafinesque. Crappie.
Delaware River.
Pomoxis sparoides (Lacepede). Calico Bass.
Burlington (Burlington), Camden (Haddonfield), Mercer, Morris and
Salem Counties.
Ambloplites rupestris (Rafinesque). Red-eyed Bass.
Mercer, Morris, Passaic and Salem Counties.
Lepomis incisor Valenciennes. Blue Sunfish.
Burlington (Riverton), Camden, Mercer and Sussex Counties.
Micropterus dolomieu Lacepede. Small-mouth Bass.
Bergen (Hackensack, Mahwah, Ramapo River), Burlington (Delanco),
Camden (Blackwood), Cape May, Essex (Newark), Hunterdon (Croton,
Delaware River, Lambertville), Mercer (Trenton), Middlesex (Cran-
berry), Monmouth (Asbury Park, Red Bank), Morris (Brookdale, Green
Pond, Milton Lake, Rockaway, Splitrock Pond, Two Bridges, Whippany),
Ocean (Metedecong River), Passaic (Echo Lake, Little Falls, Passaic,
Paterson, Pompton), Somerset (Bound Brook, East Millstone, Raritan
River, Somerville), Sussex (Budd Lake, Culver Lake, Delaware River,
Franklin, Long Lake, Newton, Panther Lake, Swartzwood Lake, Waterloo),
Warren (Allamuchy Pond, Belvidere, Decker Pond, Delaware River,
Hackettstown, Phillipsburg) Counties.
» T. H. Bean, Seventh An. Rep. Fish. Game Com. N. Y„ 1901, p. 347.
170 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Microptreus salmoides (Lacepede). Large-mouth Bass.
Camden, Cumberland (Bridgeton), Gloucester (Gloucester, Swedes-
boro, Wenonah), Hunterdon (Lambertville), Middlesex (Metuchen),
Morris (Boonton, Budd Lake), Passaic (Greenwood Lake, Patterson,
Vreeland's Pond), Salem, Sussex, Warren and Union (Scotch Plains)
Counties.
PERCIM.
Stizostedion vitreum (Mitchill). Pike Perch.
Morris and Passaic Counties. Delaware and Raritan Rivers.
SERRANIM.
Roccus chrysops (Rafinesque) . White Bass.
Passaic County.
GADIM.
Lota maculosa (Le Sueur) . Burbot.
Recorded from the Delaware River at Burlington Island, by Abbott.1
■ Nat. Rambles, 1885, p. 478.
Vol. 33, pp. 171-176 December 30, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
CERCOPIDAE OF THE VICINITY OF WASHINGTON,
D. C, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW VARIE-
TIES OF CLASTOPTERA (Homoptera).
BY W. L. McATEE.
The basic identifications upon which this paper is based were
made by Mr. Edmund H. Gibson, when he and the writer
planned a joint essay on all the Nearctic Cercopidae available
in Washington collections. That plan becoming impracticable,
due to Mr. Gibson's change of occupation, opportunity is
taken to list the Cercopid fauna of the District of Columbia
and vicinity. The manuscript of the paper has been prepared,
in its entirety, by the author, this including preparation of the
keys and more or less revision of the local forms of the genus
Clastoptera. Mr. Gibson, however, deserves credit for rec-
ognizing that the black variety of C. proteus lacks a name and
the name given to it on a subsequent page should be considered
of his authorship.
The number of species of Cercopidae in the United States is
small and the District of Columbia apparently has a fair share ;
possibly one or two more species than here listed may occur.
The occurrence of species at Plummers Id., Md., and vicinity
is indicated in the list, either by the actual locality records
or by the initials: P. I. and V. P. I.
Key to the Genera.
A. Anterior margin of pronotum straight; front strongly swollen, with
a prominent median carina; tegmina dark with two yellow to
orange-red crossbands. Tomaspis.
AA. Anterior margin of pronotum rounded or angular; insects lacking,
also, the combination of characters of the preceding genus.
31— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (171)
172 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
B. Tegmen with a membranous portion beyond veins, strongly
deflexed posteriorly, apex of clavus broadly rounded.
Clastoptera.
BB. Tegmen without membranous portion beyond veins; apex of
elavus acute.
C. Margin of vertex above antenna compressed to a thin edge.
D. Front swollen; apices of tegmina rounded; pronotum
more or less carinate on median line; ocelli nearer
each other than to eyes; beak surpassing hind
coxae. Aphrophora.
DD. Front scarcely swollen; apices of tegmina angulate;
pronotum slightly sulcate medianly; ocelli about
equally distant from eyes and from each other;
beak reaching middle coxae. Lepyronia.
CC. Margin of vertex above antenna truncate or even sulcate.
Philaenus. 1
Tomaspis Stal.
T. bicincta Say. — Frequent, but by no means common ; dates of collection
range from June 28 to August 17; P. I.
Aphrophora Germar.
Key to the Species.
A. Costal region of tegmen with two large hyaline areas, quadrinotata.
AA. Costal region without large definite hyaline areas.
B. Front more swollen, produced as far if not slightly farther forward,
than anterior margin of vertex ; larger species, brown color rather
uniformly distributed. parallela.
BB. Front less swollen, retreating at an acute angle from anterior
margin of vertex; smaller species, color more obviously dis-
tributed into darker and paler areas. saratogensis.
A. quadrinotata Say. — Fairly common; extreme dates of collection June
6 to August 12; P. I.
A. parallela Say. — Fairly common; has been collected from June 7 to
August 14; food plant Pinus virginiana; V. P. I.
A. saratogensis Fitch. — Common on Pinus virginiana, June 4 to October
11; V. P. I.
Lepyronia Amyot and Serville.
Key to the Species.
A. Larger species, general color pale brown, a dark V-shaped marking,
based on costa, on each tegmen. quadrangular is.
AA. Smaller species, general color dark brown, tegmina rather closely
reticulated with dark markings, except on posterior third.
angulifera.
1 Has been taken as far south as North Carolina and may be found here.
McAtee — Cercopidae near Washington, D. C. 173
L. quadrangularis Say. — Common; dates of collection range from June
15 to October 5; P. I.
L. angulifera Uhler. — The only record for this southern Coastal Plain
species is Four-mile Run, Va., May 31, 1914, W. L- McAtee.
Clastoptera Germar.
The classification and nomenclature of this genus is much in need of
revision. The principal basis for the existing conception of the group is
Dr. E. D. Ball's 1895 paper.1 This essay was prepared at a time when
the proper differentiation of subspecies and varieties was of no moment
among entomologists and when the niceties of nomenclature, also, were
little observed. No one is more aware of its faults than its author and
it is to be hoped Dr. Ball can find time to give us a revised classification
not only of this genus but of the whole family. In the present paper,
therefore, only such changes are made as seem necessary to rational treat-
ment of the local species.
These changes relate to the following forms:
Clastoptera proteus var nigra Ball.2 Van Duzee has pointed out that
this name is preoccupied by C. nigra Germar, and synonymizes it with C.
pini Fitch.3 However, our specimens which have been examined by Dr.
Ball and pronounced his var. nigra certainly are not pini Fitch (our identi-
fication verified by Ball), but a distinct variety, if not species, which is here
given a new name.
Clastoptera xanthocephala var. glauca Heidemann. According to Article
25a of the International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature (further con-
strued in Opinion 1) and previously long accepted practise among zoologists,
the name glauca as used by Heidemann4 cannot be considered a nomen
nudum as done by Van Duzee,5 because it is accompanied by an illustra-
tion. The glaucousness referred to by Ball and subsequent describers is
only an effect produced by the pallor and reflections from the polished
surface, which latter character is common also to the dark variety. The
real distinction of var. glauca is the pale color.
Clastoptera pini Fitch. Ball classed this form with obtusa and Van
Duzee treats it as a variety of proteus, but to the writer it seems a dis-
tinct species, characterized by the less inflated face which is always pale,
the more bluntly rounded vertex, and by the more numerous transverse
wrinkles on the pronotum.
« A Study of the Genus Clastoptera, Proc. Iowa Ac. Sci. (1895), 1896, pp. 182-193,
pis. 11-14.
2 Op. cit., p. 187.
3 Bui. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. 10, 1912, p. 509; Catalogue of Hemiptera of
America, 1917, p. 520.
* Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. IV, No. 4, pp. 399-402, pi. 6.
' Catalogue, 1917, p. 519.
174 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Key to the Species.
A. Front more inflated; upper half of front black, lorae, clypeus and
lower half of front yellow; pronotum with fewer transverse
wrinkles. proteus.
A A. Front less inflated; upper half of front pale, or with transverse
band or bands, sometimes interrupted; pronotum with more
numerous transverse wrinkles.
B. Lower part of face with a dark, transverse band; front margin of
vertex more produced and more strongly arcuate.
C. Larger species; a prominent transverse arcuate carina on vertex
between eyes. obtusa.
CC. Smaller species; without such carina. xanthocephala.
BB. Face entirely pale, vertex less produced, front margin bluntly
rounded. pint.
C. proteus Fitch.
Key to the Color Varieties.
A. Black above.
B. Uniformly black above; legs chiefly dark. hyperici, n. var.
BB. Membrane and adjacent parts of tegmina paler; legs chiefly
yellow. anceps, n. var.
AA. Not black above.
C. Clavus yellow with a lengthwise dark streak. vittata.
CC. Clavus colored otherwise.
D. Anterior two-thirds of clavus, base of scutellum and cross-
bands on pronotum and head yellow. proteus.
DD. These markings orange-red. candens, n. var.
Clastoptera proteus var. hyperici, n. var. Gibson. Agreeing with
proteus var. proteus in inflation of face, shape of vertex, striae of pronotum
and genitalia, but entirely black above and below, also, with the excep-
tions of lower part of face, clypeus, most of pectus, posterior two pairs of
coxae, two spots, or an interrupted stripe on lower surface of each of the
anterior two pairs of tibiae, a spot on anterior surface, near apex of each
femur, the front pair sometimes excepted, apices of hind tibiae except
spurs, and hind tarsi, except spurs and last joint, pale yellow. Length,
.2.5-3.5 mm.
Type, a male, Plummers Island, Md., July 5, 1914, on Hypericum pro-
lificum, W. L. McAtee, Allotype, same data. Paratypes, same data, also
same data except as to dates, July 14 and 26, 1914, and same locality,
August 11, 1907, W. L. McAtee.
This variety has been seen also at Great Falls and at Occoquan, Va.,
in each case upon the same food plant being most abundant during the
flowering season.
McAfee — Cercopidae near Washington, D. C. 175
Clastoptera proteus var. anceps, n. var. — Black above, tegmina posterior
of apical callous yellowish hyaline, explanate margin anterior of middle
of costa sometimes same color; costal margin just anterior of apical
callous clear hyaline; black below, except lower part of face, clypeus
beak, most of pectus, and legs which are pale yellow with the following
parts dark; an elliptical spot on clypeus, tip of beak, lengthwise streaks
on anterior two pairs of femora, and tibiae and tarsi except the hind ones,
of which the spines and terminal joints are dark. Length, 2.75-3.25 mm.
Type, a male, Beltsville, Md., June 14, 1914, W. L. McAtee. Paratypes,
with same data, also same locality, July 4, 1915, W. L. McAtee, and Cran-
berry Lake, N. Y., August 5, 1917, C. J. Drake.
Clastoptera proteus var. vittata Ball. — Plummers Id., Md., July 1907, W.
Palmer; Beltsville, Md., July 4, 1915, on Azalea, Odenton, Md., July 4,
1913, W. L. McAtee; New Alexandria, Va., July, 1907, W. Palmer.
Clastoptera proteus var. proteus Fitch. — Plummers Id., Md., July 6,
H. S. Barber, July 7, R. P. Currie, August 17, 1906, E. A. Schwarz and
H. S. Barber, July 4, 1907, Mt. Vernon, Va., June 27, 1905, on Cornus,
W. L. McAtee; Eastern Branch, near Benning, D. C, July 4, 1913, A.
Wetmore.
Clastoptera proteus var. candens, n. var. — Like var. proteus except that
anterior two-thirds of clavus, scutellum, bands on pronotum and vertex
and face are orange-red, instead of yellow, and other pale markings are
ruddy tinged. Length, 3.25-4 mm.
Type, a female, Mt. Vernon, Va., June 27, 1915, on Cornus, W. L.
McAtee. Two paratypes, same data.
The high color of these specimens is not due to the influence of cyanide,
in the killing bottle, such as is sometimes observed in specimens of bees
of the genus Nomada and certain other insects, but was noted at the time
of collection. Certain animal pigments seem to be quite unstable and
the yellow of Clastoptera proteus may be another instance. Crawfishes
turn red after cooking, digestion in a bird's stomach, or weathering after
death; and one of the species of southern range (Cambarus clarkii) is
bright red in life. Some of the Eumenidge having yellow markings in the
north are red-patterned in the south. It would appear, therefore, that
climatic factors affect certain pigments of living animals in the same way
that chemical processes are known to affect them in the dead. The
present newly described variety of C. proteus may be an example of such
effect.
C. obtusa Say.
Key to the Varieties.
A. Scutellum and parts anterior, yellow to fulvous, without crossbands;
tegmina fuscous posteriorly. . achatina.
AA. Vertex and pronotum with distinct crossbands.
B. Crossbands on pronotum, or at least the posterior, dark, in great
contrast to the pale ground color; tegmina dark, each with an
irregular, oblique, pale crossband. tristis.
176 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
BB. Markings of dorsal surface less contrasted. obtusa.
Clastoptera obtusa var. achatina Germar. — Forest Glen, Md., September
15, 1915, Otto Heidemann; Plummers Id., Md., August 27, 1905, Septem-
ber 13, 1914; Stubblefield Fall, Va., July 4, 1918, on hickory; Mt. Vernon,
Va., June 27, 1915, W. L. McAtee.
Clastoptera obtusa var. obtusa Say. — Common, dates of collection ranging
from June 13 to November 3; has been taken on Alnus rugosa and Car-
pinus carotiniana. P. I.
Clastoptera obtusa var. tristis Van Duzee. — Common, with the last,
with which it extensively intergrades; extreme dates of collection, June 7
and November 21; has been taken on the same plants as var. obtusa, also
on hickory. P. I.
C. xanthocephala Germar.
Key to the Varieties.
A. Color above chiefly black. xanthocephala.
AA. Color above chiefly yellowish brown. glauca.
Clastoptera xanthocephala var. xanthocephala Germar. — Common, season
June 29 to October 5 P. I.
Clastoptera xanthocephala var. glauca Heidemann. — Common, has been
collected from January 2 to November 3; winters among the foliage of
Pinus virginiana. P. I.
C. pint Fitch.— Beltsville, Md., June 14, 1914, W. L. McAtee; June 28,
1917, on flowers of Xolisma ligustrina, L. O. Jackson; Glencarlyn to
Barcroft, Va., July 18, 1915, W. L. McAtee.
Vol. 33, pp. 177-180 December 30, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OP THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
NOTES ON COCKLEBURS (AMBROSIACEAE; XAN-
THIUM) OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
AND VICINITY.
BY W. L. McATEE AND F. P. METCALF.
Receipt of a copy of the "Revision of North American
Species of Xanthium "x by Drs. Charles F. Millspaugh and
Earl E. Sherff stimulated the writers to investigate the cockle-
burs of the District of Columbia and vicinity. Approximately
-150 samples of mature burs were collected chiefly in December
1919. These were studied with the assistance of the revision
just noted and reduced to a set of 24 samples illustrating the
principal variations. These have been examined and com-
mented upon by Dr. Earl E. Sherff whose kindness in this
respect we gratefully acknowledge. Specimens already on
hand in the National Herbarium also were taken into account
and copious representations of the species here recorded have
been deposited in that collection.
Cockleburs strongly specialized for casual transportation
are typical waifs and reach all sorts of places where the wastes
of civilization and nature accumulate. The search for cockle-
burs takes the collector to such interesting spots as refuse-
heaps about freight-yards, factories and wharves, to ash,
trash and garbage dumps and the environs of the barnyard,
cattle-pens and pig-sties. Cockle-burs like ground not es-
pecially occupied with other plants. In eroded places, on
grades, anywhere there is new-turned earth they may be found.
They grow well among crops of rather open stand as corn
i Field Museum Publ. 204, Bot. Ser. Vol. 4, No. 2, April 1919, pp. 9-49, pis. 7-13.
32 — Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920. (177)
178 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
and after harvest mature their fruits. They are formidable
weeds found on every farm.
The classification of the species of Xanthium rests almost
entirely on the characters of the fruits or burs. These, like
most specific characters, are extremely variable, so that strict
definition of the groups ranked as species may be quite difficult.
After experience, however, the most dependable characters
or combinations of characters are easily appreciated and identi-
fication is robbed of most of its perplexities. The subjoined
key is based on the characters we have found most feasible
for identifying the local cockleburs. The plate illustrating
the burs we trust will be a useful adjunct to the key. For
numerous other illustrations see Millspaugh and Sherff's
"Revision."
The present contribution lists 5 species of Xanthium from
the District of Columbia region, an increase of 2 over the num-
ber included in the recent "Flora."1 X. americanum of that
work is X. chinense Miller and X. commune no doubt covers
both X. italicum Moretti and X. pennsylvanicum Wallroth
as listed in the present paper.
Key to Species
A. Burs with inconspicuous beaks; spines weak and curved like a
button-hook at apex; color usually greenish yellow.
X. spinosum.
AA. Burs with conspicuous beaks; spines strong, simply hooked; color
usually reddish brown.
B. Body of fruit broadly oblong, oblong-ovoid or ovoid-oblong;
spines densely hispid-pubescent, up to and beyond the middle.
C. Burs very large (2.8-4 cm. long and 2-3 cm. wide), broadly
ovoid, oblong-ovoid or oval; spines stout, basal ones reflexed,
thicker and longer than others and projecting much beyorfd
stalk of bur. X. speciosum.
CC. Burs smaller (less than 2.8 cm. long and 2 cm. wide), oblong
or ovoid-oblong, often widest at base; spines more slender,
basal ones not reflexed or projecting much beyond stalk of
bur. X. italicum.
BB. Body of fruit fusiform, ellipsoidal or narrowly oblong-ovoid;
spines smooth, warty-glandular or if hispid usually only up
to the middle.
i Contr. Nat. Herb.. Vol. 21, p. 267, Sept., 1919.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920.
Plate 4
McAfee and Metcalf — Notes on Cockleburs. 179
D. Body (0.9-2.5 cm. long — rarely over 2 cm.) narrowly fusi-
form or ellipsoidal, usually straight; surface of body
smooth or warty-glandular; base of beaks and spines
usually glandular- warty or rarely short-pubescent; beaks
comparatively longer, more slender, usually straight and
more or less divergent. X. chinense.
DD. Body (1-3.25 cm. long — often over 2.5 cm.) narrowly oblong-
ovoid or ovoid-fusiform, often curved; surface of body
pubescent, hispid or glandular pubescent; base of beaks
and spines usually densely hispid-pubescent; beaks com-
paratively shorter, stouter especially at base and often
incurved apically. X. pennsylvanicum.
Annotated List of Species.
Xanthium spinosum Linnaeus. — Rather rare; apparently has been
introduced several times, thrived for a season but failed to become per-
manently established; not recorded since 1896; has been collected near
Alexandria, Va., in S. W. Washington and D. C. definite locality not given.
Xanthium chinense Miller. — Abundant in waste ground, cultivated
fields and dumps throughout the District and vicinity. Collected near
Benning Road, Navy Yard, Anacostia, War College, Water Street, near
"I" S. W., Potomac Park, Lincoln Memorial, 29th and "K" streets, N. W.,
above Aqueduct Bridge, District Line near C. and O. Canal, also from
Plummer's Island, Bladensburg and Laurel, Maryland, and Alexandria,
Arlington Farm, Rosslyn, Chain Bridge and Cherrydale, Virginia.
Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallroth. — Abundant in waste ground,
cultivated fields and dumps throughout the District and vicinity. Col-
lected near Benning Road, Southeast of Mt. Hamilton, Pennsylvania
Avenue Bridge, S. E., Navy Yard, Anacostia, War College, Potomac
Flats, Lincoln Memorial, Water Street, near "I" and 14th, S. W., and 33rd
Streets, N. W., foot of 27th N. W., and Cleveland Park, also from Plum-
mer's Island, Maryland, and Alexandria, Barcroft, Arlington Farm and
Rosslyn, Virginia.
Xanthium italicum Moretti. — Frequent in waste ground. Collected
from Benning Road, 19th and Mass. Ave., S. E., and Navy Yard, also
Laurel, Maryland, and Alexandria, Arlington Farm and Aqueduct Bridge,
Virginia.
Xanthium speciosum Kearney. — Rare, only a single, but very robust
plant found in waste ground along Water Street about 33rd Street, N. W.
Explanation of Plate 4.
Fig. 1. Xanthium spinosum.
Fig. 2. Xanthium chinense.
Fig. 3. Xanthium pennsylvanicum.
Fig. 4. Xanthium speciosum.
Fig. 5. Xanthium italicum.
Figures slightly less than natural size.
Vol. 33, pp. 181-186 December 30, 1920
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
GENERAL NOTES.
RECORDS OF SEVERAL RARE BIRDS FROM NEAR WASH-
INGTON, D. C.
Colymbus holboelli (Reinh.), Holboell's Grebe. A female was caught alive
January 20, 1920, in Prince George Co., Md., just beyond the District
Line by Mr. Lewis T. Miller. The specimen is now No. 256899, U. S. N. M.
Oceanites oceanicus (Kuhl), Wilson's Petrel. — A bird of this species
secured June 27, 1914, was said to have t>een blown into a boat near
Marshall Hall, Md., opposite Mt. Vernon. Mr. Edward S. Schmid, the
Washington Taxidermist, received the bird alive, and gave it to Mr.
Nelson R. Wood of the U. S. National Museum, who was able to keep it
alive for about a week. He reports that the bird was unable to fly, ate
only a little meat the first day or so, and was in poor condition. Now
No. 236614, U. S. N. M. 9 ?
Phalaropus fulicarius (Linn.), Red Phalarope. — An apparently unre-
corded specimen of the Red Phalarope was received by the U. S. National
Museum in the flesh. The bird is a male, secured on October 4, 1897, at
White's Ferry, Potomac River, Montgomery Co., Md., by Edward Land-
voigt. Now No. 161924, U. S. N. M.
Numenius americanus (Bechst.), Long-billed Curlew. — TheU. S. National
Museum has catalogued a 9 of this species (No. 12624), that was received
by the National Institute on April 11, 1842, and was secured by Mr.
William Walker on the Potomac River. This specimen was transferred
to the Smithsonian Institution from the Patent Office in 1858, and may
be the bird referred to by Prof. W. W. Cooke as "Once taken on the Poto-
mac River." (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXI, 1908, p. 116.)
Charadrius dominicus dominions (Miiller), Golden Plover. — A female
was secured on March 28, 1911, on Nanjemoy Creek, Md., by Mr. John
B. Peyton, No. 213276, U. S. N. M.
Coragyps urubu (Vieill.), Black Vulture. — Mr. William Palmer of the
U. vS. National Museum informs me that in 1918 he observed three of
these birds. On August 5th he watched two that were circling over his
house at Georgetown. On August 15th he observed a juvenile bird at
Chesapeake Beach, Md. Dr. Paul Bartsch reported having recently seen
a Black Vulture near Washington, but I have not the exact date. (Proc.
33— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash , Vol. 33, 1920. (181)
182 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Biol. Soc. Wash., XXVII, 1914, p. 9.) On January 2, 1920, five birds
were seen by Mr. H. S. Barber at Plummer's Island, Md., among a number
of Turkey Vultures that were circling over a dead hog.
Aquila chrysaetos (Linn.), Golden Eagle. — An unusually fine specimen
of the Golden Eagle was received in the flesh by the U. S. National Mu-
seum recently. The bird was secured by Mr. Brooke B. Gochnauer on
March 10, 1919, near Upperville, Fauquier Co., Virginia. Mr. Gochnauer
sent the bird to Mr. John A. Baker of Washington who presented it to
the National Museum. As the specimen had been drawn the sex could
not be determined, but it was an adult bird, probably a male. Mr.
George Marshall, who prepared the skin, tells me that he mounted an
adult bird, secured, as near as he could remember, in the spring of 1913 or
1914, at or near The Plains, Fauquier County, Va. The specimen had
considerable lamb's wool entangled in the talons. The name of the person
who shot the bird, and to whom he returned it was Beverly. Another
apparently unreported Golden Eagle was received by Mr. Albert E. Col-
burn, alive, in late December, 1899, or early January, 1900. Mr. J. H.
Riley, who examined the specimen at the time, thinks that it came from
the Peaks of Otter, Blue Ridge, in western Virginia. On February 5,
1896, two Golden Eagles were received by the National Zoological Park
from J. W. Pattison, Wytheville, Wythe Co., Va. One bird died August
6, 1896, and the other lived until October 7, 1904. Both specimens are
in the U. S. National Museum collection. There are also several other
unrecorded Golden Eagles in the U. S. N. M. collection from Virginia
and Maryland taken in the fifties and sixties. — B. H. Swales.
COLOR OF SOFT PARTS IN ANHINGA ANHINGA.
On February 25, 1919, I killed an adult male Anhinga in the lagoons
near West Lake, above Cape Sable at the southern end of Florida, in which
the coloration of the mouth and the space about the eye were so striking
and remarkable as to merit a description. Certainly no artist who had
not handled such birds in the flesh would have depicted these parts as
they appeared in life. The culmen of the bird in question was dusky,
and the rest of the bill yellowish brown, save for the base of the mandible
which was black. The outer surface of the gular sac was dull black. The
inside of the mouth was colored as follows; the premaxilla and the mandi-
bular rami were dull yellowish; the margins of the choanae were whitish,
and the rest of the inside of the mouth including the lining of the gular
pouch was solid black, forming a background that set off the lighter colors
in deep contrast. The iris was deep wine-red. The margin of the eyelids
all around was a very bright shade of blue, bordered narrowly by a band of
dull green, while the remainder of the lids was black. The lores and a
line above the eye were dull yellowish green, a color that extended around
posteriorly to a point below the posterior canthus. A blackish line ran
through the center of the loral region back to the eye. The space beneath
the eye, extending back to the posterior margin of the bare area, was dull
General Notes. 183
bluish green. The feet and legs were yellowish, becoming duller on the
webs between the toes and changing to horn-brown on the anterior scutes
of the tarsus and the upper surface of the toes.
Published descriptions of the soft parts of the Anhinga so far as they
have come to attention seem to be based upon Audubon's account from
which the notes given above vary in certain particulars. Audubon states
that the gular sac is orange and makes no mention of the brilliant blue
line on the margin of the eyelids. Mr. A. T. Wayne1 has called attention
to the fact that the gular sac is black in the adult male Anhinga.
Examination of dried skins for the color of the soft parts is usually
unsatisfactory, but in the present instance may serve to determine the
color of the gular sac. In eight males, in the collections of the U. S.
National Museum, in fully adult plumage, taken in March, April, May
and June, three have the gular sac black while in five it is orange. In
four adult females killed in March and May three have the sac orange,
while one has it colored a deep black. All of these birds, judging from
their plumage, were fully adult. The sac is universally colored yellowish
or orange in all of the immature birds that have been examined. From
a consideration of these facts it seems probable that the black color of the
gular pouch and the brilliant color about the eye are characters that de-
velop with age, and that they may not appear until a bird is two years
old, or more. On the basis of this explanation the comparatively small
number of Anhingas in full color in collections may be supposed to come
from the smaller number of adults, as compared with young birds, and
the greater wariness of the adults that enables them more often to elude
the collector. — Alexander Wetmore.
A NEW NAME FOR HELIASTER MUI/TIRADIATUS (GRAY).
The Asterias multiradiata of Gray (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. 6,
1840, p. 179) is antedated by Asterias multiradiata Linnaeus (Syst. Nat.,
10th edition, 1758, p. 663); the starfish now known as Heliaster multiradi-
atus (Gray) may be called Heliaster Solaris, nom. nov. — Austin H. Clark.
NOTES ON LUCANIA OMMATA (JORDAN).
When Dr. Hay described this form as Zygonectes mannii he held that
it might "contend with Heterandria formosa for the honor of being the
smallest known bertebrate." It has since lost this distinction but yet
remains an interesting fish because of its apparent rarity. The discovery
of it in the Okefinokee Swamp and its occurrence there in abundance
prompts a few notes about its habitat and characters.
We have 63 specimens of this rare form in 13 different collections from
the swamp. In the summer of 1912 one of the authors secured it from
Honey Island Prairie, May 29, 1912; between Honey and Billy Islands,
June 1, 1912; in Billy Lake, June 4; on Billy Island, June 1; on Jones
Island, June 24. On Dec. 25 and 26, 1913, Dr. J. C. Bradley secured it at
I Auk, 1911, p. 107.
184 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Billy Lake Landing and in a bog on Billy Island. On Dec. 26, 1916,
Mr. Francis Harper took it at Minnie Lake Narrows; on Floyd's Island
Prairie, on Jan. 4, 1917, and on Chase Prairie, Jan. 12, 1917.
In 1881 R. E. Earll took two females in Indian River and in 1884 Jordan
described it. In Dec, 1890-Jan., 1891 Albert J. Woolmann found 2 males
and 3 females in the Santa Fe river (Suwanee River system). With
two specimens {Zygonectes mannii Hay) taken by Mann and Davidson
in Yellow Water River, western Fla., we have 9 specimens. It is wide-
spread in the swamp and the appearance of such a large series with no
conscious effort made to collect them and non-recognition of the species
by us during the 1912-1913 trips shows it to be a common form in the
swamp. Later in 1916-1917 Mr. Harper was on the lookout for it. He
had examined some of the 1912-1913 material.
In total length these specimens range from 10 mm.-25 mm., the largest
being a male; the standard lengths 8.5-21 mm. The head varies from
3V4-33A in the length, the depth 41/*t-5. the lateral row of scales 27-32.
This beautiful little killifish is smaller than Lucania goodei and averages
larger than Heterandria formosa. With both it has some phases of color-
ation in common. In coloration these 63 specimens fall into two groups;
those with lateral black ocellus just in front of the origin of the anal (fe-
males) ; and those without the spots (males). Both sexes have the caudal
ocellus in our series except for one specimen which may be male or female
and which is without anal or caudal ocellus or any dark bands of minute
dots. Woolmann with 2 males in hand declared they have no caudal
ocellus but all the males of our series have it. In several it is smaller than
in the female and a part of the last brown transverse bar, but in the largest
specimen of the 63, a male, the black ocellus has replaced the transverse
brown bar. In all the males there is no real clear-cut ocellus just above
and in front of the origin of the anal fin, yet in all there is a suggestion of
it in an indistinct collection of black dots. The males have from base of
caudal to front of the dorsal origin from 5-7 more or less distinct transverse
brown bars in the younger individuals, 3-4 in the older individuals. In
the latter group these bars are restricted to the caudal peduncle and the
oldest males have a tendency to lose transverse bands entirely and become
punctate all over the body. In the male the dorsal and anal may be
very narrow (D. 4 or 5, A. 6 or 7) and the tip of dark punctate fins reach
almost if not to the base of the caudal. In the females these fins are plain,
never approach the base of the caudal and usually have 6 or 7 rays in the
dorsal and 8-10 rays in the anal. Thus the anal fin may be modified
though Woolmann's two specimens did not show it. If both sexes be
considered the dorsal may be from 4-7 in rays and the anal from 6-10.
Another puzzling condition is that several of the males are amongst the
largest specimens of the series. These males have the tips of the ventral
fins black. The males have not the lateral brown bands of the female
but in addition to the basal transverse brown band (in both sexes) of the
General Notes. 185
caudal rays they have two or three more transverse bands (not in female),
on the caudal fin and occasionally a black tip to the tail.
The female is an exquisite little fish. The most striking marks are the
two ocelli one at the base of the tail and one just ahead and above the
origin of the anal. A lateral brown band reaches from the anal almost to
the caudal ocellus where it may fork and join the caudal transverse brown
band above or below. From the tip of the snout backward along the
dorsum to the base of the tail is an area of brown minute dots. This
area continues as a transverse band around the base of the tail and as a
line on the lower edge of the caudal peduncle until it reaches the anal fin
where it forks and proceeds to the vent. Sometimes each of these forks
join a lateral band which faintly runs from the anal ocellus forward half-
way to the pectoral fin. Then from the pectoral fin forward across the
opercle and through the eye to the tip of the snout there is a faint sug-
gestion of the lateral band of Lucania goodei. Between the brown areas
and bands, on the belly and around the caudal ocellus are more or less
sharp straw-colored areas.
We found this species in almost all the open prairies visited, in wooded
waterways between islands, in cut-off ponds on the islands and in sphag-
nous areas. Its associates were Gambusia affinis, Fundulus cingulatus and
Fundidus nottii. The discovery of this fine little fish in the swamp is one
of the best fish records of the Okefinokee list.
Recently, the authors noticed two other records for this same species;
one captured at Port Saint Joe, Fla., in Jan., 1917 (Aquatic Life, Mar., 1919,
IV, No. 7, pp. 89, 90); and the other at a pond of Milltown, Ga. (tribu-
tary to Allapaha River) in May, 1919 (ibid., Jan., 1920, V, No. 1, p. 2).
The first of these by Mr. W. W. Welch is synchronous with Mr. Harper's
records in the Okefinokee Swamp for Dec. 26, 1916, Jan. 4, and Jan. 12,
1917; and the other by Dr. H. M. Smith is curiously from the same river
system as Woolman's specimens of 1890 and our material of 1912-1917.
It is interesting to note that these three records come from the three main
tributaries of the Suwanee, namely: Allapaha (Smith, 1919), Santa Fe
(Woolman, 1890), and source of main river of the Suwanee, the Okefinokee
Swamp (Wright and Palmer, Harper, 1912-1917) . In other words, the whole
Suwanee river system has it and as yet it seems the center of its greatest
abundance. Our account written sometime before the appearance of the
two recent articles agrees very closely with and only amplifies Mr. Welch's
description and his sketches represent our material of this species suffi-
ciently to obviate the contemplated figures of this article. — A . H. Wright
and E. L. Palmer.
INDEX
New names are printed in heavy type.
Abramis crysoleucas 150
Acantharchus pomotis .. . . . 158
Achillea eradiata 105
Achirus fasciatus 166
Achorutes armatus 10, 17
Acipenser brevirostrum 147
sturio 146
Acris gryllus 135
Agkistrodon mokasen 137
Albula vulpes 147
Alopius vulpinus 143
Alosa sapidissima 148
AJutera punctata 163
schcepfii 163
Amanites, sp 16
Ambloplites rupestris 169
Ambystoma maculatum 130
opacum 130
Ameiurus catus 1 49
natalis 149
nebulosus 149
Amiatus calvus 1 68
Ammodytes americanus 167
Anchovia brownii 148
duodecim 1 48
eurystole 148
mitchilli 1 48
Anguilla rostrata 152
Anhinga anhinga 182
Anolis carolinensis 136
Antennarius scaber 168
Anthias tenuis 60
Anthreptes bornensis 55
paraguse 55
Anuraphis longicauda 93
Apeltes quadracus 156
Aphredoderus sayanus 156
Aphrophora 172
parallela 172
quadrinotata 172
saratogensis 172
Aquila chrysaetos 182
Arabis macella 10
Aradus similis 10, II, 14
Archosargus probatocephalus 161
Arenophilus bipuncticeps 97
Aristolochia malacophylla 65
Armillaria, sp 16
Arnica andersonii 106
aphanactis 105
myriadenia 106
Arrenga cyanea 84
glaucina 84
Aspidophoroides monopterygius 165
Aster misellus 105
Astroscopus guttatus 1 66
Atopetholus angelus 101
Attagenus piceus 6, 15
B
Baeocera punctipennis 5, 16
Bagre marinus 149
Bairdiella chrysura 161
Baker, A. C. Anuraphis longicauda,
a New Aphid Injurious to Plum
.Trees 93-96
Balistes carolinensis 163
vetula 163
Bartsch, P. Note on the Need of
Supplying Water for Birds in
Cities x
Our Poison Gas Detector,
and how it was Discovered x
Notes on Injury by a new
Teredo in San Francisco Bay,
and on recently Differentiated
Species of Land Shells of the
Genus Epiphragmorpha in Cali-
fornia, and on the Odor of
Honey-eating Birds in the
Hawaiian Islands xiii
Note on Erratic Occurrence
of Mosquitoes in Florida xiv
A New Shipworm 69-70
I irtsch, P. See Bartsch and Hitch-
cock.
Bartsch, P., and A. S. Hitchcock.
Notes upon a New Teredo in
~*utch Guiana infesting Green
1 >artwood xi
Bermua^vflthys 62
subfurcatus 62
Blake, S. F. Nine New Plants of
the Genus Stylosanthes 45-54
Five New Species of
Cedrela 107-112
Two New Salvias from
Guatemala 113-116
New Trees and Shrubs from
Mexico and Guatemala 1 1 7- 1 20
Blennius foxi 166
Blepharis crinitus 157
Boleichthys f usif ormis 159
Boleosoma olmstedi 159
Boletobius cinctus 5, 13, 17
Boletotherus bifurcus. . . .9, 12, 13, 14, 16
Brachycis brevicollis 8, 14
Brachyspiza argent ina 71
Bradley, J. C. Reply regarding
Mosquitoes on the Amazon .... xiv
Plumarius, an Aberrant
Genus of Hymenoptera xiv
Brevoortia tyrannus 148
Bufo americanus 135
fowleri 135
Caenocara oculata 7, 17
Callipus lactarius 97
Capparis hexandr a 117
Caranx crysos 157
hippos 157
latus 157
Carassius auratus 169
Carcharias taurus 143
Carcharodon carcharias 144
Carphophis amoena 136
34 — Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 33, 1920.
(187)
188 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Castilleja brevilobata 104
chlorotica 104
Catostomus commersonnii 151
nigricans 152
Cedrela discolor 108
rosei 108
rotunda 109
whitfordii 110
yucatana 110
Centropristis striatus 160
Cephalacanthus volitans 165
Ceracis sallei 8, 13, 14, 15
Cercomacra lata 73
Cercyon praetextatum 4, 13
Cetorhinus maximus 144
Chaetodipterus faber 162
Chaetodon ocellatus 163
striatus 163
Chamberlin, R. V. Two New Spiro-
boloid Diplopods from Aus-
tralia 37-40
A New Diplopod from Texas
and a New Chilopod from
Alaska 41-44
A New Leptodesmoid Dip-
lopod from Louisiana 97-100
A New Diplopod of the
Genus Atopetholus 101-102
Chapman, F. M. Unusual Types
of Apparent Geographic Varia-
tion in Color and of Individual
Variation in Size Exhibited by
Ostinops decumanus 25-32
Charadrius dominicus 181
Chasmodes bosquianus 167
Chelydra serpentina 137
Chilomycterus atinga 164
schoepfi 164
Chromis bermudae 60
Chrysemys picta 137
Cis curtula ^j, ) 2, 13
cylindrica 8, 14
fuscipes 8, 12, 13, 15
hirsuta 8, 16
wenzeli 8, 12, 13
Citharichthys micros 165
spilopterus 1 65
Clark, A. H. On Crinoids xii
A New Unstalked Crinoid
from the Philippine Islands 21-22
A New Name for Heliaster
multiradiatus (Gray) 183
Clastoptera 172, 173
achatina 175, 176
anceps 174, 175
candens 174, 175
glauca 1 73, 1 76
hyperici 174
nigra 173
obtusa 174, 175, 176
pini 173, 174, 176
proteus 174, 175
tristis 175, 176
vittata 174, 175
xanthocephala 174, 176
Clitocybe illudens 16
maxima 17
robusta 16
Clupea harengus 147
Cnemidophorus sexlineatus 136
Coccoloba acapulcensis 66
chiapensis 67
Coker, R. E. Note on the Pearl
Fishery of the Mississippi River
Valley, and Photograph of Stages
in the Metamorphosis of the
Acorn Barnacle x
Colastus truncatus 7 , 14
Collybia platyphylla 16
Coluber constrictor 136
flagellum 136
Colymbus holboelli 181
Conger conger 152
Coragyps urubu 181
Corvus pumilis 81
Coryphaena hippurus 158
Cothonaspis, sp 10
Cottus gracilis 164
Crateropus griseus 84
Cratoparis lunatus 10
Crawford, D. R. The Life History
of the Spiny Lobster xi
Cristi vomer namaycush 168
Crosimus hirtus 6, 15
Crotalus horridus 137
Cryptotomus beryllinus 161
Cyclopterus lumpus 165
Cynoscion nebulosus 161
regalis. 161
Cyornis antelia 87
calocephala 86
chersonesites 85
nesaea 86
rupatensis 87
Cyprinodon variegatus 154
Cyprinus carpio 169
Cypselurus exiliens 154
heterurus 154
nigricans 154
D
Dacne 4-maculata 5, 16
Daedalia confragosa 15
quercina 15
unicolor 15
Dasyatis centroura 146
hastatus 1 46
say 1 46
Decapterus punctatus 157
Dendrocitta celadina 83
sinensis 83
Dendrocolaptes medius 74
Desmognathus carolinensis 132
fuscus 132
monticola 132
quadra-maculatus 132
Diadophis edwardsii 136
Diaperis maculata..9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17
Dicellar ius 97
Diodon hystrix 164
Discobola argus 11, 13
Dorcatoma dresdensis 7, 14
Dorosoma cepedianum 147
Dunn, E. R. A New Geophis from
Mexico 127-128
Some Reptiles and Am-
phibians from Virginia, North
Carolina, Tennessee and Ala-
bama 129-138
E
Echeneis remora 165
Elaphe confinis 136
Eleotris pisonis 63
Elops saurus 147
Enchelyopus anguillaris 167
Endecatomus rugosus 8, 12, 14
Endomychus biguttatus 5, 15
Enneacanthus gloriosus 158
obesus 158
Ennearthron compacta 8, 15
oblongus 8, 12
thoracicorne 8, 12, 14, 15
Enodes centralis 56
Entedoninae
Entosphenus aepypterus 143
Epinephelus tnorio 160
niveatus 160
Index.
189
Epuraea ovata 7, 14, 17
Eremomela flaviventris 84
perimacha 84
Erimyzon oblongus 152
Erysimum torulosum 103
Esox americanus 153
masquinongy 169
tridecemlineatus 153
Ethojulus cyaneus 41
Etropus microstomus 165
Etrumeus teres 147
Eubadizon, n. sp 10
Eucinostomus gula 161
Eucrada humeralis 7, 14
Eulamia milberti 144
obscurus 144
Euleptorhamphus brevoortii 155
Euparius marmoreus 10, 11, 12, 13, 16
Eurema lisa 35
Eurycea bislineata 134
cirrigera 135
gutto-lineata 134
longicauda 134
wilderae 134
Eurymerodesmus 97
simplex 98
Eustrophus bicolor. . . 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16
Eutamias ruficaudus 91
Euthynnus alleteratus 156
pelamis 156
Evermann, B. W. Notes on the
Museum of the California Aca-
demy of Sciences, and on the
Pelicans of Pyramid Lake, Nevada ix
Exoccetus volitans 1 54
Exoglossum maxillingua 151
Ezembius stejnegeri 44
F
Fendlerella lasiopetala 67
Fomes applanatus 14
bakeri 14
fomentarius 14
igniarius 14
lobatus 14
marmoratus 15
pinicola 14
Fontaria virginiensis 41
Formicarius orinocensis 73
Fowler, H. W. A List of the Fishes
of New Jersey 139-170
Fundulus diaphanus 153
luciae 154
macrolepidotus 153
majalis 153
Furnarius exilis '74
G
Gadus callarias 167
Galeocerdo arcticus 144
Gallinago anthonyi 78
Gambusia affinis 154
Garrupa nigrita 1 60
Gasterosteus aculeatus 156
Geophilus ethopus 43
Geophis anocularis 127
Geotrupes balyi 9, 12
horni 9
Gilmore, C. W. Remarks on Some
Additions to the Fossil Verte-
brate Exhibition in the U. S.
National Museum xiii
Gobiosoma bosc 166
Gobius translucens 63
Goldman, E. A. The Elk of the
Jackson's Hole Region in Wy-
oming xii
Gosibius arizonensis 44
Guarea obtusata 118
Gymnothorax brunneus 59
miliaris 63
Gyrinophilus danielsi 132
porphyriticus 132
Gyrophaena corruscula 4, 16
H
Hallomenus scalpularis 10, 12
Halocypselus evolans 63
Heliaster multiradiatus 183
Solaris 183
Helops micans 9, 16
Hemiptychus nigritulus 7, 14
Hemiramphus brasiliensis 155
Hemiscolopendra punctiventris 43, 97
Hemitripterus americanus 165
Hepatus hepatus 163
Heterodon contortrix 136
Hippocampus hudsonius 154
Hippoglossus hippoglossus 166
Hister abbreviatus 6, 16
cognatus 7, 11
interruptus 7, 16
lecontei 7, 12, 13
sedecimstriatus 6, 11
unicus 6, 16
Histrio histrio 168
jagua 62
Hitchcock, A. S. Note on a Trip
in British Guiana xi
Floral Aspects of British
Guiana xii
Note on Mosquitoes in
British Guiana xiv
Hollister, N. Note on the Interest
in Technical Subjects in the
Biological Society xiii
Hopkins, A. D. Suggestions to the
Biological Society ix
Hoplocephala bicornis 9, 12, 13, 15
viridipennis 9, 12
Howard, L. O. Note on Artificial
Cherries xi
Note upon a Flight of
Grasshoppers Witnessed in
France xii
Comparison of Humboldt's
and Bradley's Accounts of Mos-
quitoes on the Amazon xiv
Howard, L. O. See Howard and
Waite.
Howard, L. O., and M. B. Waite.
Notes upon the Cutting Back of
Certain Sycamore Trees xi
Howard, L. O. See Palmer and
Howard.
Howell, A. H. Description of a
New Chipmunk from Glacier
National Park, Montana 91-92
Hubbs, C. L. Sicydium montanum,
a New Species of Goby from
Venezuela 89-90
Hybognathus regius 150
Hybroma servulella 10, 15
Hyla crucifer 136
evittata 135
versicolor 136
Hyporhamhus unifasciatus 154
Hypsoblennius hentz 166
I
Ictalurus furcatus 169
punctatus 169
Ips quadriguttatus 7, 11, 14, 16
Iridio frenatus 61
similis 61
Ischyrus 4-punctatus 6, 14, 15
Istiophorus nigricans 157
Isurus nasus 143
tigris 143
190 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
J
Jatropha sympetala 118
Jenkinsia stolifera 63
K
Kendall, W. C. Trout of the Great
West xi
Kinosternon odoratum 137
subrubrum 137
L
Lactarius, sp 17
Lactophrys trigonus 163
triqueter 163
Lagocephalus lavigatus 164
Lagodon rhomboides 161
Lampropeltis getulus 136
niger 136
rhombomaculata 137
triangulum 137
Leia bivittata II, 13, 14, 15
Leiolopisma laterale 136
Leiostomus xanthurus 161
Lentinus lepideus 16
Lenzites betulina 15
saepiaria 15
Lepisosteus osseus 147
Lepomis auritus 159
incisor 169
Leptecheneis naucrates 165
Leptocephalus nova-caesariensis 153
phillipsi 153
Lepyronia 172
angulifera 172, 173
quadrangularis 172, 173
Liguus alternatus 123
capensis 122
castaneus 1 26
cingulat us 123
crassus , 121
delicatus 122
eburneus 122
elegans 124
lineatus 121
lineolatus 125
livingstoni 124
luteus 123
miamiensis 1 24
mosieri 1 23
ornatus 124
pseudopictus 122
vacaensis 122
versicolor 125
Limanda ferruginea 166
Limnobia cinctipes 11, 13
Linotaenia fulva 97
Litargus didesmus 6, 17
Lobotes surinamensis 160
Lophius piscatorius 168
Lophopsetta maculata 165
Lota maculosa 170
Lucania ommata 183
parva 154
Lutjanus aya 1 60
griseus 1 60
Lycoperdina ferruginea 5, 17
Lycoperdon pyriforme 17
M
Manta birostris 146
Marsh, C. Dwight. Some Poisonous
Plants and their Effects x
Note on Loco Weed in New
Mexico and Arizona xii
McAtee, W. L. Cercopidae of the
Vicinity of Washington, D. C.,
with Descriptions of New Varie-
ties of Clastoptera (Homoptera)
171-176
McAtee, W. L., and F. P. Metcalf.
Notes on Cockleburs (Ambro-
siaceae; Xanthium) of the Dis-
trict of Columbia and Vicinity
177-180
Megalodacne fasciata 6, 12, 13, 16
ulkei 6, 14
Megalops atlanticus 147
Melanogrammus a?glefinus 167
Membras vagrans 155
Menidia beryllina 155
notata 155
Menticirrhus americanus 162
saxatilis 162
Merluccius bilinearis 168
Mesogonistius chaetodon 158
Metcalf, F. P. See McAtee and
Metcalf.
Meyer, A. P. The Corals of the
American Samoa x
Microgadus tomcod 167
Microphrys antillensis 24
interruptus 24
Micropogon undulatus 162
Micropterus dolomieu 169
salmoides 170
Microxenops guianensis 74
Mithrax caribbaeus 23
tortugae 23
Mola mola 1 64
Mordella tnarginata 10, 15
Morone americana 1 60
Motacilla longicauda 83
rhadinura 83
Moxostoma macrolepidotum 152
Mugil cephalus 155
curema 155
Mullus auratus 162
Munia particeps 57
Mustelus canis 144
Mycetophagus flexuosus 6, 11
12, 13, 14, 16
melsheimeri 6, 16
pluriguttatus 6, 15
punctatus 6, 12, 16
Mycotretus pulchra 6, 13
Myliobatis freminvillii 146
Myospiza meridionalis 71
Myoxocephalus aeneus 165
octodecimspinosus 165
Myrmopagis paraensis 73
N
Natrix septemvittata 137
sipedon 137
Naucoria, sp 17
Necrophorus pustulatus 4, 15
Neolithobius mordax 44
sp 44
transmarinus 97
Neoteredo 69
Nichols, J. T. A Contribution to the
Ichthyology of Bermuda 59-64
Nitidula bipunctata 7, 16
Notropis amarus 151
amoenus 151
analostanus 151
bifrenatus 151
chalybaus 151
cornutus 151
procne 151
Numenius americanus 181
Nyctipolus maculosus 74
O
Oberholser, H. C. Description of a
New Clapper Rail from Florida. 33-34
Mutanda Ornithologica. IX. 83-84
Descriptions of Five New
Subspecies of Cyornis 85-88
Index.
191
Oceanites oceanicus 181
Octotemnus denudatus 8, 12
laevis 8, 12, 15
Ocyurus chrysurus 161
Oligometrides bellona 21
Omosita colon 7, 12
Oncorhynchus tschawytscha 168
Onthophagus hecate 9, 12
Opisthonema oglinum 148
Opsanus tau 166
Orchesia castanea 10, 13, 14, 15
Oreopeleia larva 79
Orthopristis chrysopterus 161
Osmerus mordax 149
Ostinops decumanus 25
maculosus 26
Oxyporus lateralis 5, 15, 17
major 5,15
5-maculatus 5, 17
stygicus 5, 15
vittatus 5, 15, 17
P
Palinurichthys perciformis 158
Pallodes pallidus 7, 16, 17
Palmer, E. L. See Wright and Palmer.
Palmer, T. S. Note upon Fossil
Birds Described from America. . ix
Note on the Protection of
Quail in the District of Colum-
bia x
Note on the Tendency of
Animals under Protection of
Partial Domestication to ad-
vance the Breeding Season xii
Note on the Recent Meet-
ings of the American Society of
Mammalogists xii
Announcement of the Forth-
coming Meeting of the American
Ornithologists' Union in Wash-
ington xii
Note on the Recent Meeting
of the American Ornithologists'
Meeting xiii
Palmer, T. S. See Palmer and Howard.
Palmer, T. S., and L. O. Howard.
Announcements of Exhibitions
of Bird Drawings at the Library
of Congress, and of Insect Draw-
ings at the Corcoran Art Gallery xiv
Palmer, W. Some Birds of Chesa-
peake Bay ix
Exhibit of Type Skull of
Rhabdosteus, an Extinct Dol-
phin-like Animal xii
Panus rudis 16
Papirius pini 10
Parajulus impressus 41, 77
sp 41
Paralepis barracudina 149
Paralichthys dentatus 166
Penthe obliquata 9, 11, 12
Perca fla vescens 159
Petromyzon marinus 143
Phalaropus f ulicarius 181
Phenolia grossa 7, 12, 16
Philaenus 172
Philonthus brunneus 5, 11
cyanipennis 5, 16
Pholiota marginella 17
sp 17
Phycis chuss 1 68
regius 167
tenuis 168
Pimephales notatus 150
Piper, C. V. Some New Plants from
the Pacific Northwest 103-106
Platydema ellipticum 9, 14
ruficorne 9, 13
subcostatum 9, 16
Plestiodon fasciatus 136
Plethodon cinereus 132
glutinosus 131
jordani 131
metcalfi 132
yonahlossee 130
Pleurotus ostreatus 15
sapidus 16
ulmarius 16
Podopterus cordif olius 66
Pogonias cromis 162
Polioptila guianensis 72
Pollachius virens 167
Polyborus latebrosus 77
Polydesmus serratus 41,97
Polyporus albellus 13
amorphus 12
berkleyi 11
betulinus 11
borealis 13
brumalis 11
chioneus 13
cinnabarinus 13
conchifer 12
curtisi 13
cuticularis 14
dichrous 13
f umosus 12
galactinus 13
gilvus 14
graveolens 14
hirsutus 13
hispidus 14
lucidus 13
pargamenus 12
squamosus 11
sulphureus 12
tsugae 14
tulipiferus 12
versicolor 12
Poly prion americanus 160
Pomacanthus arcuatus 163
Pomatomus saltatrix 158
Pomolobus aestivalis 148
mediocris 147
pseudoharengus 147
Pomotis gibbosus 159
Pomoxis annularis 169
sparoides 169
Poria, sp 15
Poronotus triacanthus 158
Prionodes tigrinus 63
Prionotus carolinus 164
strigatus 164
Pristis pectinatus 145
Pseudemys concinna 137
elegans 137
Pseudopleuronectes americanus 166
Pseudopriacanthus altus 160
Pseudotephritis vau 11, 13, 15
Pseudotriton montanus 132
nitidus 133
ruber 133
schencki 133
Psilocybe spadicea 17
Pteroplatea micrura 146
Pterostichus adoxus 4, 17
lucublandus 4,15
Pungitius pungitius 156
R
Rachycentron canadum 158
Raja eglanteria 145
erinacea 145
lavis 1 45
ocellata 145
scabrata 1 45
192 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Rallus helius 33
Rana catesbeiana 136
clamitans 136
palustris 136
sphenocephala 136
sylvatica 136
Rathbun, M. J. New Species of
Spider Crabs from the Straits of
Florida and Caribbean Sea. . . .23-24
Rhinichthys atronasus 151
cataractse 151
Rhinoptera bonasus 1 46
Rhipidandrus paradoxus 9, 14, 16
Riley, J. H. Four New Birds from
the Philippines and Greater
Sunda Islands 55-58
Rissola marginata 167
Roccus chrysops 170
lineatus 159
Ruprechtia occidentalis 66
Russelia obtusata 119
tetraptera 1 20
Russula, sp 17
S
Safford, W. E. Hawaii Revisited. . . xiv
Salmo fario 168
irideus 168
salar 168
sebago 168
Salvelinus alpinus 169
fontinalis 148
Salvia holwayi 113
popenoei 114
Sarda sarda 1 56
Saunders, A. A. Notes on the Life
History of Eurema lisa (Bois-
duval and Leconte) 35-36
Sayornis fumigatus 72
Scaphidium 4-guttatum 5, 12
Scaphisoma repanda 5, 14
Sceloporus undulatus. 136
Schilbeodes insignis 150
Sehizophyllum commune 15
Seiaenops ocellatus 161
Sciara pauciseta 11, 13
Scleroderma vulgare 17
Sclerurus fulvigularis 74
Scoliodon terrae-novae 144
Scolopendra viridis 97
Scomber colias 156
scombrus 156
Scomberomorus maculatus 156
regalis 156
Scotobates calcaratus 9, 16
Scribner, F. L. The Lure of Rock
Creek Park xi
Scutigera forceps 97
Sebastes marinus 1 64
Selar erumenophthalmus 157
Selene vomer 157
Semionellus 97
Semotilus atromaculatus 150
bullaris 150
Seriola lalandi 157
zonata 157
Shufeldt, R. W. Exhibit of the
Moloch, a Lizard of Australia. . xi
Observations on the Cer-
vical Region of the Spine in
Chelonians xi
Note upon the Insect,
Beech Blight xi
Notes on the Salamanders
of the District of Columbia, and
Exhibit of Sarracenia variolarius,
the Spotted Trumpet Leaf from
Orlando, Florida, in Full Bloom, xii
A Snake Affected with Chig-
gers xiii
Sicydium montanum 89
Simpson, C. T. New Floridian Sub-
species of the Genus Liguus . . 1 2 1 - 1 26
Sirystes subcanescens 72
Sistrurus miliarius 137
Smith, H. M. Note upon the Alas-
kan Fur Seal Herd x
Some Biological Problems
in the Yellowstone National
Park xii
Exhibit of Artificial Ani-
mals from Pekin xiv
Snyder, T. E. An Account of the
Habits of the Termites or White
Ants ix
Exhibit of Photograph of
Ant's Nest xi
The Lead Cable Borer. ... xi
Spheroides maculatus 164
testudineus 164
Sphyraena barracuda 155
borealis 155
Sphyrna tiburo 1 44
zygaena 144
Spirobolus marginatus 43, 97
Squalus acanthias 145
Squatina dumeril 1 45
Staphylinus fossator 5,17
maculosus 5,15
Stelidota octomaculata 7, 13
Stenotomus chrysops 161
Stephanolepis hispidus 163
Stilicus angularis 5, 1 1
Stizostedion vitreum 170
Stolephorus viridis 63
Strigocis opacicollis 8, 12
Strongylura acus 155
marina 155
Strophobolus 37
australianus 38
immigrans 38
Stylosanthes diarthra 49
tloridana 51
gloiodes 45
macrocarpa 47
macrosoma 52
plicata 46
purpurata 52
subsericea 50
tuberculata 48
Sublegatus obscurior 72
Sulcacis lengi 8, 12, 13, 14, 15
Swales, B. H. Records of Several
Rare Birds from Near Washing-
ton, D. C 181-182
Swingle, W. J. Chinese Botany and
Chinese Botanists xii
Symbiotes duryi 5
impressus 5
waltoni . . . . : 5
Syngnathus f uscus 154
louisianae 63
pelagicus 63
Synodus f oetens 1 49
T
Tachinus fimbriatus 5, 16
pallipes 5,11,16
Tautoga onitis 162
Tautogolabrus adspersus 162
Taylor, W. P. Notes on the Mam-
mals upon Mt. Rainier at High
Altitudes ix
Note on the Flocking of
Small Birds in the Forests of the
Northwest Coast x
The Birds and Mammals of
Mount Rainier National Park. . xi
Nofe upon a Black Bear on
the Summit of Mount Rainier . . xi
Index.
193
Habits of the Kangaroo
Rat in Arizona xii
Tenebrioides corticalis 7, 11, 12, 14
Terapene Carolina 137
Teredo (Neoteredo) reynei 69
Thamnophis sauritus 137
sirtalis 137
Theatops posticus 97
Thompson-Seton, E. Habits and
Home Life of the Kangaroo Rats
of Our Western Deserts ix
Thunnus thynnus 156
Thymalus fulgidus 7, 11, 15
Tinea acapnopennella 10, 12
cloacella 10, 12, 13, 14
Todd, W. E. C. Descriptions of Ap-
parently New South American
Birds 71-76
Tomaspis 171, 172
bicincta 172
Tomoxia bidentata 10, 16
Torpedo nobiliana 145
Trachinotus carolinus 157
falcatus 157
Trametes suaveolens 15
Trichiurus lepturus 156
Trigonoderus, sp 10
unguttus 11
Tritoma biguttata 6, 16
flavicollis 6,15
humeralis 6,17
thoracica 6,15
Triturus viridescens 1 30
Turdoides polioplocamus 84
Tylosurus notatus 63
Tyto cavatica 80
U
Umbra pygmaea 153
Upeneus maculatus 162
phillipsi 162
Urobatis jamaicensis 146
V
Veniliornis ezsul 74
Volatinia atronitens 72
Vomer setapinnis 157
W
Waite, M. B. Exhibit of Naked
Buds of Paulownia imperialis. . . x
Waite, M. B. See Howard and Waite.
Weiss, H. B., and E. West. Fungous
Insects and their Hosts 1-20
West, E. See Weiss and West.
Wetmore, A. Exhibit and Note from
Dr. M. W. Lyon, Jr., upon the
Fish or Broad Tape Worm, and
the Beef Tape Worm xi
Reading of a Letter from
George Haley giving Notes upon
Alaskan Song Birds xi
Note upon Bones from
Porto Rican Fossil Deposits. ... xii
Use of Powderdown
Feathers in Birds xii
Five New Species of Birds
from Cave Deposits in Porto
Rico 77-82
Color of the Soft Parts in
Anhinga anhinga 182-183
Winnertzia, n. sp 11, 15
Wright, A. H., and E. L. Palmer.
Notes on Lucania ommata
(Jordan) 183-186
X
Xanthium 177
chinense 179
italicum 178, 179
pennsylvanicum 179
speciosum 178, 179
spinosutn 1 78, 1 79
Xestocis levettei 8, 12, 14
moznettei 8
Xiphias gladius 157
Xylopinus saperdioides 9, 16
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